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 PJJlLADELPfflA. 
 
 
 CORNELL UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE 
 
 FOUNDED BY 
 ROSWELL P. FLOWER 
 
 for the use of the 
 
 N. Y. State Veterinary College 
 
 1897 
 
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 924 104 224 674 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104224674 
 
MEDICAL LEXICON 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE; 
 
 CONTAININO 
 
 A CONCISE EXPLANATION OP THE VAEIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS; WITH THE FRENCH 
 
 AND OTHER SFNONYMES; NOTICES OP CLIMATE, AND OP CELEBRATED 
 
 MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL 
 
 AND EMPIRICAL PREPARATIONS, ETC. 
 
 KOBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF UEDICINE, ETC., IN. JEFFERSON UEDICA.L COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA- 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION. 
 
 CAREFULLY EEVISED AND GEEATLT BNLAHGED. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 LEA AND BLANCHARD 
 
 1848. 
 
■>-*. [^ I ^'7 
 
 35ntetetl according to the Act of Congne^s, in tlie year 1848, 
 
 Bt Lea and Blascpakd, 
 i ■ 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ;-:, ^2 1 
 
 WM. B. YOUNO, FE., 50 K, SIXTH ST. 
 
TO 
 
 EGBERT M. PATTERSON, M.D. 
 
 DIKECTOR OF THE MINT OP THE UNITED STATES, VICE PRESIDENT Ot THE 
 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. 
 
 PNOE HIS COIiLEAairE IK THE UNIVEKSITT OF yiEGIKIA, 
 ALWAYS HIS FRIEND, 
 
 FOB. THE SEVENTH TIME, 
 WITH UNCHANGED AND UNCHANGEABLE SENTIMENTS, BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 Philadelphia, September, 1848. 
 
PEEFACE 
 
 TO THE SEVENTH EDITION. 
 
 In issuing the present edition of his Dictionary, it is but ne- 
 cessary for the author to repeat what he stated in the preface to 
 the sixth edition, in regard to the cares bestowed by him on its 
 revision and improvement, and the great objects which he has 
 always kept in view. That edition — as the author remarked — 
 cotnprised nearly two thousand five hundred subjects and terms 
 not contained in the one immediately preceding, many of which 
 had been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of 
 the progress of the science, and others had escaped him in pre- 
 vious revisions. 
 
 That the author has not suffered his exertions to flag in the 
 preparation of the present edition is sufficiently manifested by 
 the fact, that he has added between six and seven thousand terms, 
 which are not to be found in the previous editions. To accom- 
 modate th6se, ,not only has the size of the page been increased, 
 but the whole work has been enlarged by more than one hundred 
 pages. These additions have necessarily required a Tast amount 
 of labour, which has been cheerfully bestowed, in order that the 
 work might be made still more worthy of the great favour which 
 it has experienced. It has ever been the anxious wish of the 
 author, to render it " a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispen- 
 sa6/(3— Lexicon, in which the student may search without disap- 
 pointment for every term that has been legitimated in the no- 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 raenclature of the science. This desideratum he is enabled to 
 attempt in successive editions, by reason of the work not being 
 stereotyped." 
 
 The present carefully revised and greatly enlarged edition 
 cannot fail to be more extensively useful, and offers stronger 
 claims to the attention of the practitioner and student than any 
 of its predecessors. 
 
 The author gladly iterates the testimony borne by him, in the 
 preface to the last edition, to the assiduity and accuracy im- 
 pressed on the typographical department by Mr. Young, who 
 printed also the four preceding editions. 
 
 ROBLEY DUNGLISON. 
 
 PHiLADELf HiA, September^ 1848. 
 
PEEFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIO^\ 
 
 The present undertakiiig was suggested by the frequent complaints, made hy 
 the author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous 
 topics of professional inquiry, — especially of recent introduction, — in the medical 
 dictionaries^ accessible to them> 
 
 It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no dictionary of medical 
 subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the state of the science. 
 In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found occasion to add 
 several thdusand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the only medical 
 lexicon at this time in circulation in the country. 
 
 The present edition will be found to contain many hundred terms more than , 
 the first, and to have experienced numerous additions and modifications. 
 
 The -author's object has_ not been to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of 
 terms, but to afiford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical, relations, 
 and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical sci- 
 ence. In its preparation, he has freely availed himself of the'English, French, 
 and German works of the same nature, and has endeavoured to add every sdbject 
 and term of recent introductibn, which has fallen under -his notice ; yet, with all 
 his care, it will doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The nume- 
 rous additions, however, vvhich he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, 
 " by removing rubbish and' clearing obstructions from the paths through which 
 learning and genius press forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate 
 these an(J other objections that might be urged against the work; especially when 
 the toil, which every compiler of a dictionary must endure, is takeii into consi- 
 deration; a toil which has been so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexico- 
 grapher, as well as by the distinguished Scaliger : 
 
 " Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crittie odieux, 
 S'il a tufe son p^re, ou blasph6iu6 les Dieux, 
 Qu'il fasse un Lexicon: s'il est supplice au moilde 
 Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que I'on me tonde." 
 
EXPLANATION. 
 
 If the simpie synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the 
 term may be siifflicient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained 
 under th^ term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to 
 be synonymous with Tfunh. This may b6 sufficient for the inquirer; should it 
 riot, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk.- 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED. 
 
 Arab. 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 Chaussibr. 
 
 D. 
 
 Datch. 
 
 Da. 
 
 Danish. 
 
 E. 
 
 English. 
 
 f- 
 
 French, , 
 
 F. w Fak 
 
 Fahrenheit 
 
 Fam. 
 
 Family. 
 
 G. 
 
 ' , German. 
 
 Heb. 
 
 ' Hebrew. 
 
 I. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 L. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Linn. 
 
 LinnsBus. 
 
 Naf.Ord.' 
 
 Natural Order. 
 
 
 P. 
 
 Ph.D. 
 Ph.E. 
 Ph. L. 
 
 Portuguese. 
 
 Pharmacopc?ia of Dublin. , 
 " ■ Edinburgh^ 
 " .London., 
 
 Ph. P. 
 
 a 
 
 Paris. , . 
 
 Ph. U.S. 
 R. 
 
 a 
 Reaumur. 
 
 America. 
 (Edit. 1842.) 
 
 S. 
 
 S.g. 
 Sax. 
 
 Sexv Syitl 
 Sw. ' 
 
 Spanish;- 
 Specific Grairity 
 Anglo-Saxon. 
 Sexual" System. 
 Swedish. 
 
 
NEW DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
 
 A, before a consonant; An Ijefore a vowel, a, 
 ctv, have, in the compound medical terms, a 
 privative or debasing signification, like that of 
 the particles m, im, un, ir, in English. Thus: 
 StheivSa means strength j — Astheni'a, want of 
 strength \ — Anamia, want of blood, &c. Occa- 
 sionally, in compound words, they have an in- 
 tensive meaning. 
 AACHEN, Aix-k-Ctapelle. 
 A, oi A A, See Abbreviation. 
 AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. 
 is in the canton of Beroe in Switzerland. The 
 chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and 
 sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron, 
 and sulphohydric acid gas. 
 AASMUS, Anhelatio. 
 
 ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hy- 
 dro-sulphuretted saline spring, not far from Ra- 
 tisbon or Regentsberg in Bavaria. 
 
 ABAISSEMENT, Depression: see Cataract 
 — a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ABAISSEVR DE L'AILE DVNEZ, De- 
 pressor alae nasi — a. de Vangle des livres, De- 
 pressor anguli oris — a. de la livre infcHeure, 
 Depressor labii inferioris — a. de la Machoire in- 
 feriewre, Digastricus — a. cle I'ml, Rectus infe- 
 rior oculi. 
 ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity. 
 ABALIENA'TUS. Oorrup'tus, Corrupted, 
 from aby and alienus, 'different.' J^eTnhra aba- 
 liena'ta. Limbs dead, or benumbed. — Celsus, 
 Scribonius Largus. 
 
 ABANGA. Neime given by the inhabitants 
 of St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the 
 seeds of which they consider very useful in dis- 
 eases of the chest, in the dose of three or four, 
 given two or three times a day. 
 
 ABAPTIST'A. Abaptiston or Ahaptis'twrn, 
 from a privative, and ^imrttcty, ' to plunge.' A 
 term applied to the old trepan, the conical shap^ 
 of which prevented it from plunging suddenly 
 into the cavity of the cranium. 
 ABAPTISTON, Abaptista. 
 ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista. 
 ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which 
 grows in the mountains, and appears to be a 
 mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its 
 bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied, 
 in that country, to ulcers of a bad character. 
 ABARNAHAS, Magnesia. 
 ABARTICULA'TIO, Diarthrosis and Synar- 
 throsis. 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 ABATARDISSEMENt, Degeneratipii. 
 
 ABATTEMENTjiioitsaXioa. 
 
 ABATTIS, Giblets. 
 
 ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATEHS OF. 
 A chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, 
 and one from Poissy. It was once ihuch fre- 
 quented, but is now abandoned. 
 
 ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 An acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the 
 department of Sorame, France. 
 
 ABBREVIA'TION, Abbrevia'tio, Braehgn'- 
 sis, Braehys'mos, Abbreviati^ ra, (F.) Abri- 
 viatidn, from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations 
 are chiefly used in medicinal formulae. They 
 are by no means as frequently employed now 
 as of old, vi4ien every article had its appropriate 
 symbol, ^he chief abbreviations now adopted 
 are the following : 
 
 R. Recipe, Take* 
 
 A. AA, ANA, («ra) utniisque, of each. 
 Abdom. Abdomen. 
 
 Abs. Febr, Absents febre, In the absence of 
 fever. ' 
 
 Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur. 
 
 Ad. Lib. Ad libitum. At pleasure. 
 
 Admov. Adinoveatur , Let it be applied. 
 
 Altekn. hor. Alternis horis. Every other 
 hour. 
 
 Alv. Adstbiot. Alvo adstrictS, The bowels 
 being confined, 
 
 Aq. Aqua,:Wa.teT. 
 
 Aq. Comm. Aq2ia commwais, Common water. 
 
 Aq. Font. Aquafontis, Spring water. 
 
 Aq. Bxtll. Aqua bulliens, foiling water. 
 
 Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervensr. Hot water. 
 
 Aq. Marin. Aqiia marina. Sea water. 
 
 B, A. Balneum arents, A sand-bath. 
 Bals. Balsamum, Balsam. 
 
 BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes. 
 
 Bib. Bibe, Drink. 
 
 Bis Ind. Bis indies. Twice daily. 
 
 B. M. Balneum^ mMrice, A salt water bath. 
 
 Bon Bolus. 
 
 Bull. Biilliat, Let it boil. 
 
 But. Butyrum, Butter. 
 
 B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour-bath. 
 Cjeeul. Cceruleus, Blue. 
 
 Cap. Capiat, Let him take. 
 
 C. C. Cornu cervi. Hartshorn. 
 
 C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustum, Burnt .harts- 
 horn. 
 C. M. Cras mcmi, To-morrowinorning. 
 
ABBREVIATION 
 
 10 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 C. N. Cras noete, To-morrow night. 
 
 C. V. Cras vespere. To-morrow evening. 
 CocHL. Cochleare, A spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Ampl. Cochleare a/mpltim, A large 
 spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Inf. Cochleare Infarttvm, A child's 
 spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or 
 Ttiediwm, A dessert-spoonful. 
 
 CocHL. Paev. Cochleare parvum, A tea- 
 spoonftil. 
 
 Col. Cola, colatura. Strain, and to the 
 strained. 
 
 CoMP. Compositus, Compound. 
 
 CoNF. Confeetio, Confection. 
 
 Cons. Conaerva, Conserve. 
 
 CoNT. Continuetur, Let it be continued. 
 
 CoQ. Cogue, Boil. 
 
 CoRT. Cortex, Bark. 
 
 Ceast. Crastinus, For to-morrow. 
 
 Cuj. Cujus, Of which. 
 
 CtrjrsL. Cujuslihet, Of any. 
 
 Cyath. Cyathus-, A glassful. 
 
 Ctath. Thejs, a cup of tea. 
 
 D. Dosis, A dose. 
 
 ■D. et S. JDeturet signetar, (placed at the end 
 of a prescription^ 
 
 D. D. Detur ad. Let it be given in or to. 
 
 D. D. ViTR. Detur ad vitrum. Let it be given 
 in a glass. ' 
 
 Oeauk. Pil. Deaurentur pilula, Let the pills 
 be gilded. 
 
 Deb. Spiss. DeHta spissitudo, A due consist- 
 ence. 
 
 Dec. Decanta, Pour off. 
 
 Dectjb. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed. 
 , De D. in D. De die in diem. From day to day. 
 
 Dej. Alv. Dejectiones alvi, Alvine evacua- 
 tions. 
 
 Dep. Depuratus, Purified. 
 '" Det. Detur, Let it be given. 
 
 DiEB. Alteen. Diebus alternis. Every other 
 day. 
 
 DiEB. Teet. Diebus tertiis. Every third day. 
 
 Dig. Digeratur, Let it be digested. 
 
 DiL. Dilutus, Dilute. 
 
 Dim. Dimidius, One half. 
 
 DiST. Distillq, Distil. 
 
 Div. Divide, Divide. 
 
 DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fuee. Donee alvus sa- 
 int a fuerit. Until the bowels are opened. 
 
 Deach. Drachma, A drachm. 
 
 EjtJSD. Ejusdem, Of the same. 
 
 Enem. Enema, A clyster. 
 
 ExHiB. Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited. 
 
 ExT. SuPEE Alut. Extende super alutam. 
 Spread upon leather. 
 
 F. Fiat, Let it be made. 
 
 F. PiL. Fiat pilula. Make into a pill. 
 
 F. Venjes. or F. VS. Fiat venmsectio. Let 
 bleeding be performed. 
 
 Feb. Due. Febre durante. The fever conti- 
 nuing. 
 
 Fem. Inteen. Femoribus intemis. To the in- 
 side of the thighs. ' 
 
 Fist. Aemat. Fistula armata,Ajbag and pipe, 
 a clyster pipe and bladder fitted'&r use. 
 
 Fl. Fluidus, and i'Xores, Fluid, and Flowers. 
 
 Feust. Frustillatim, In small pieces. 
 
 Gel. Quavis. Gelatina qtiavis. In any kind 
 of.ielly. 
 
 G. G. G. Gummiguttts Gambia, Gamboge. 
 Ge. Gramwm, A grain. 
 
 Gtt. Gutta, A drop. 
 
 Gtt. or GuTT. QuiBtJSD. Guttis quibusdam. 
 With some drops. 
 
 GrTjM. Gvmvmi, Gum. 
 
 GuTTAT. G-uUatim, By drops. 
 
 HoE. Deoub. Hora decubitus. At bed-time. 
 
 HoE. Inteem. Horis intermediis'. At interme- 
 diate hours. 
 
 H. S. Hora sommi. At bed-time. 
 
 Inf. Infunde, Itifuse. 
 
 Ind. Indies, Daily. 
 
 Inj. Enem. InjiciatuT enema. Let a clyster be 
 given. 
 
 In Pulm. In pulmento, In gruel. 
 
 Jul. Julepus, -a julep. 
 
 Lat. Dol. Iifcteri dolemti. To the pained side. 
 
 Lb. and Lib. libra, A pound weight. 
 
 Lib. Llb. Iiibra, Pounds. 
 
 LiQ. Idquor, 
 
 M. Misce, Mix. 
 
 Mac. Macera, Macerate. 
 
 Man. M^nipulus, A handful. 
 
 Man. Pkim. Manh prima, Early in the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Mic. Fat!. Mica pcmis. Crumb of bread. 
 
 MiN. Minimzim, The 60 th part of a drachm 
 by measure. 
 
 Mitt. Mitte, Send. 
 
 Mitt. Sans. Mittatur sanguis. Let blood be 
 drawn. 
 
 Mod. Pe;esceipt, Modo prcescripta. In the 
 manner directed. 
 
 MoE. Soii. More solito. In the usual manner. 
 
 Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage. 
 
 N. M. NuX moschata, l^utmeg. 
 
 0. Octarius, A pint. 
 
 01. Oleum, Oil. 
 
 Ol. LiNi, S. I. Olewm lini sine igne. Cold- 
 drawn linseed oil. ^ 
 
 Omn. Bid. Omni Uduo, Every two days. 
 
 Omn. Bih. Ommi bihorio. Every two hours. 
 
 Omn. Hoe. Om,ni hard,. Every hour. 
 
 Omn. Man. Omni mam^, Jivery morning. 
 
 Omn. Nocte, Every night. 
 
 Omn. Quade. Hoe. Omni quadrante hora, 
 Every quarter of an hour. 
 
 O. O. O. Oleum olives optimum. Best Olive 
 oil. 
 
 Ov. Ovum, An egg. 
 
 Ox. Oxym£l. 
 
 Oz. Tlnda, An ounce. 
 
 P. Pondere, by weight. 
 
 P. and PuG. Fugillus, a pugil. 
 
 P. jE. Partes aquales. Equal parts. 
 . Paet. Vic. Partitis vicibus. In divided doses. 
 
 Pee act. Op. Emet. Peractd operatione em«- 
 tici. The operation of the emetic being over. 
 
 PiL. Pilula, A pill. 
 
 Post Sing. Sed. Liq. Post singulas sedes li-. 
 quidas. After every liquid evacuatioii. 
 
 Pot. Potio, A potion. 
 
 P. P. Fulvis patrum,, Jesuits' bark. 
 
 P. Rat. ^tat. Pro ratione eetatis, Accord- 
 ing to the age. 
 
 P. R. N. Pro re nata. As occasion may he. 
 
 PuLv. Fulvis, A powder. 
 
 Q. P. Quantum placeat, As much as may 
 please. 
 
 Q. S. Quantum suffidat. As much as is suffi- 
 cient. 
 
 Qdoe. Qu^>rum, Of which. 
 
 Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish. 
 
 Bad. Radix, Root. 
 
^BCkS 
 
 11 
 
 ABDUCTOR. 
 
 -RaS. Rasurax Shavings. 
 
 Rect. Rectifieatus, Rectified. 
 
 Red. or Redig. in PuLV. Redaetus in pulve- 
 rmn, or Redigatur in pulverem, Powdered, or 
 Let it be powdered. 
 
 Reg. Umbil. Regio vmliliei. The umbilical 
 tegion. ,1 
 
 Repet. Repetatur, Let it be reijeated. 
 
 S. A. Secundum artem, According to art. 
 
 Sem. Semen, Seed. 
 
 Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, Haifa drachm. 
 
 Semi-H. Semi-hora, Half an hour. 
 
 Seev. Serva, Keep,preserve. 
 
 SESQTJik. Sesquikora, An hour and a half. 
 
 Sesuhc. Seswnda, An ounce and a half. 
 
 Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not 
 answer. 
 
 Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit. If there be need. 
 
 Si Vie. Perm. Si vires permittant, If the 
 strength will permit. 
 
 SoLv. Solve, Dissolve. 
 
 Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit. 
 
 Ss. Semi, One half. 
 
 St. Stet, Let it stand. 
 
 Sub Fin. Coot. Subjinem eoctionis. Towards 
 the end of the boiling. 
 
 Sum. Sumat, Let Imn take ; also, Snmvnitates, 
 The tops. 
 
 S. v. Spiritus vini. Spirit of wine. 
 
 S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectifieatus. Rectified 
 spirit of wine. 
 
 S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit 
 of wine. 
 
 Syr. Syntpua, Syrup. 
 
 Temp. Dext. Tempori dextro. To the right 
 teniple. 
 
 T. O. Tinctura opii. Tincture of opium. • 
 
 Tft., Tr and TimCt. Tinctura, Tincture. 
 
 Trit. Tritura, Triturate. 
 
 v. O. S. or ViT. Ov. Sol. Vitello ovi solutus, 
 Dissolved in the yelk of an egg. 
 
 VS. VencBsectio, Venesection. 
 
 Z. Z. anciently myrrh: now zingiber , or 
 ginger. 
 
 R, Libra, a pound. 
 
 ]5 TJncia, An ounce. 
 
 ^, Drachma,_A drachm. 
 
 9} Scrupulum, A scruple. 
 
 Tt|^ , Minimum, a minim. 
 
 ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half. 
 
 j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c. 
 
 The same system is not always followed in 
 abbreviating. The subjoined will exhibit the 
 usual mode : 
 
 Infus. Colomt. f. .^iss 
 
 Tinct. gent. c. f. gi 
 
 Syr. Cort. Aurant. i. gss ^j^ 
 
 Tinct. Caps. gtt. XL. M" 
 
 Capt. Coch. ij. p. r. u. 
 
 This, written at length, is as follows : 
 Recipe 
 
 Infusi ColombcB sesqui-fluidunciam. 
 JTincturcB Gentiana Composite fluidrach- 
 
 mam. 
 Syrupi Gorticis Aurantiorum semi-flui- 
 
 drachmam. 
 Tinctures Capsiei guttas quadraginta. « 
 Misce. 
 
 Capiat cochlearia duo pro re nat&. 
 ABCkS, Abscess — o. Aigu, see Abscess— 
 e, Chaud, see Abscess — a. Chronijue, se# 
 
 Abscess — a. Far congestion, see Abscess — a. 
 Diathisiqy^ see Abscess — a. Froid, Bee Ab- 
 scess — a. Mitastatipie, see Abscess — a. Sero- 
 fuleux, see Abscess — a. Soudain, see Abscess. 
 
 ABDO'MEN, from ab'dere, 'to conceal;' 
 Etron, Hypogas'trion, Hypoeallitim, Epis'- 
 ehton, Lap'ara, Hypochoi'lion, (raster, Hypoai- 
 trion, Nedys, Abdu'men, Venter imus, Venter 
 ivlfirmis, Alvus, Vterus. (F.) Ventre, V. infi- 
 rieur, Bas ventre. The largest of the three 
 splanchnic cavities, bounded, ab'oVe, by the dia- 
 phragm ; below, by the pelvis ; behind, by the 
 lumbar vertebrEc; and at the sides and fore part, 
 by muscular expansions. It is distinguished 
 into three anterior regions,, from above to be- 
 low; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and hypo- 
 gastric, each of which is itself divided into 
 three others, one middle, and two lateral : thus, 
 the epigastric region comprises the epigastrium 
 and hypochondria ; the umbilical, the zembilieus 
 asid Jiangs or lumbar regions ; and the hypogas- 
 tric, ^he hypogastrium and iliac regions. None 
 of these regions has its limits well defined. The 
 chief viscera contained in the cavity of the ab- 
 domen, Cce'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the 
 stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kid- 
 neys, he. It is' lined by -the peritoneum. 
 
 ABDOMINAL, -Atdomina'lis, Ventra'lis, 
 Ventral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, 
 as abdominal muscles, abdominal viscera, &c. 
 
 ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos- 
 copia. 
 
 ABDOMINISCOP'IA, Gastrosco'^ia. A hy- 
 brid word, from Abdomen^ ' the lower belly,* 
 and axoTXEw, 'I view;' Laparoseop'ia, Abdom'- 
 inis explora'tio. Examination of the lower belly 
 as a means of diagnosis. See Auscultation. 
 
 ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli 
 oris. 
 
 ABDUCENTES, Motor oeuli externus. 
 
 ABDUCTEXJR DE L'CEIL, Rectus exter- 
 nus oculi — a. de I'oreille, Abductor auris^oT 
 du gros orteil. Abductor poUicis pedis — a. du 
 petit orteil. Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a. 
 court du pouee. Abductor pollicis brevis — «. 
 long du police. Abductor longus pollicis. 
 
 ABDUCTION, Ahdwdtio, from abdufcere, 
 to separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The 
 movement which separates a limb or other part 
 from the^xis of the body. 
 
 The word has also been used synonymously 
 with Abrup'tio, Apa^m,a, Apoclas'ma, a frac- 
 ture near the articular extremity of a bone, with 
 separation of the fragments. 
 
 ABDUCTOR, same etymon. (T.) Abdut- 
 teur. A muscle which moves certain parts by 
 separating them from the eixis of the body. 
 
 ■Abductor Aueioulahis, Abductor auris — 
 a. Indicis pedis. Prior indicis pedis, Posterior 
 indicis pedis— a. Medii digiti pedis, f rior medii 
 digiti pedis — a. Minimi digiti. Flexor parvus 
 minimi digiti — a. Minimj..digiti, Prior minimi 
 digiti — a. Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pol- 
 licis manus, and a. Brevis alter. Abductor pol- 
 licis brevis. 
 
 Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula' ris.. 
 (F.) Abductew de I'oreille. A portion of the 
 posterior auris, whose existence is not constant,, 
 which passes from the mastoid process to the 
 concha. 
 
 Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos' seus in'di- 
 cis. A muscle which arises from the os trape- 
 zium and metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is 
 
ABDUMEN 
 
 12 
 
 ABIRRITATION 
 
 inaeited into the first bone of the foiefinger. 
 Us use is to hring the forefinger towards .the 
 thumb. 
 
 Abductor Min'imi Dis"iti, Carpo-phalan'- 
 geus tnin'imi digiti, Carpor^phctlo^ngien du petit 
 dingtf jBxtenlsor ter'tii interna' diiimnimi digiti 
 — (Douglas.) Rypoihl enar Tnirwr metacarpeus. 
 See Flexor parvus. It origiawtes fleshy from 
 the OS pisiforme, and from the annular ligament 
 near it; and is inserted, tendinous, into the. in- 
 ner side of the base of the first bone of the little 
 finger. Vse, to draw the little finger from the 
 rest. 
 
 Abductor Minimi Digit: Pedis, Calco-sub- 
 phalang&up minimi digiti, C^lcaneo-pkalangien 
 dii petit omteU, Pcurath' e^ar mmjor — (By Wins- 
 low, the muscle is divided into two por- 
 tions, — Parathenar majot' and metatafseus.) 
 CcUcaneO'Sous-phalangieTidu petit. orteil — (Ch.) 
 (F.) Alducteur du petit orteil. This muscle 
 forms the outer margin of the sole of the foot, 
 and is immediately beneath the plantar aponeu- 
 rosis. It arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the 
 outer side of the protuberance of the os calcis, 
 and from the root of the metatarsal bone of the. 
 little toe, and is inserted into the outer part of 
 the root of the first bone of the little toe. Use. 
 To draw the little toe outwards. 
 
 Abductor Pql'licis Brevis, Abductor Pol- 
 lids Manuss^ • Scapho-carpO'Super-phalangeus 
 PolliciSi Sus-pkalangien du pouce, A . ppllieis 
 manus and A- brevis alter — (Albinus.) (F.) 
 Abducteur court du pouce, G^pprsus'phalem- 
 gien du pouce-^{C'ii.) , A short, flat, triangular 
 muscle, which arises 'from the anterior surface 
 of the OS scaphoides and the annular ligament 
 of the carpus, and terminates at the outside of 
 the upper extremity of the first phalanx of the 
 thumb. A particular portion, on the inner side 
 of this muscle, is called, by Albinus, Abduc'tor 
 brevis alter. 
 
 Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. Manus, 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis manus, Ex- 
 tensor primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extensor 
 primus Pollicis, Cubito-radi-sUs-rndtacarpien 
 du pouce, Gubito-sus-metacarpien du pouee, — 
 (Ch.) (F.) Abducteur long^du pouce, A long, 
 thin muscle, arising from the posterior surface 
 of the ulna, radius, and interosseous ligament, 
 and inserted at the ou|er side of the upper ex- 
 tremity of the first metacarpal bone. 
 
 Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Calca-,sub-phalan- 
 geus Pol'licis, (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil. 
 This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior 
 and inner part of the protuberance of the os 
 calcis, and tendinous from the same bone where 
 it joins with the os naviculare. Ft is inserted, 
 tendinous, into "the internal os sesamoideum and 
 root of the first bone of the great toe. Use, 
 To pull the great toe from the rest. 
 
 The name Abductor has been given also to 
 all those interosseous muscles of the hand and 
 foot, which perform the motion of abduction on 
 thfi fingers or toes, and to muscles which exe- 
 cute the same function on other parts of the body." 
 
 ABDUMEN, Abdomen. 
 
 ABEBiE'OS, from « neg. and (li^aiog, 'firm,' 
 infir'mMS, deb' His, Weak, infirm, unsteady. 
 
 ABEILLE, Bee. 
 
 ABELMELiUCH. One of the names of the 
 Ricinns, according to some authors. — Prosper 
 Alpinus, says that a tree, which grows about 
 Mecca, is so called. Its seeds, which are black 
 
 and oblbiig, are said to be a most violent ca- 
 thartic. 
 
 ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus 
 — a.. Moschatus, Hibiscus ahels^oschus. 
 
 ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A. is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, 
 sulphureous spring. 
 
 ABERRATIO, Aberration— a. Xactis, Gfalac- 
 toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious 
 — a. Menstruornm, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 ^BERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrclre, 
 {ab and errare,) ' to stray,' ' to wander from.' 
 This word has several, meanings. 
 
 1. The passage of a fluid of the living body 
 into an order of vessels not destined for it. In 
 this sense it is synonymous with the Error 
 Loci of Boerhaave.. 
 
 2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ dif- 
 ferent from that to which it is ordinarily direct- 
 ed; as in cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aber- 
 rations of sense or judgment are certain errors 
 in the perceptions, or certain derangements of 
 the intellectual'&culties. 
 
 The word is used in optics to designatfe the 
 dispersion of the rays of light in passing through 
 a lens. 
 
 Aberration, Chroimatic, Aberration of 
 Refrangibility — a. Spherical, Aberration of 
 sphericity. 
 
 Aberration or Refrangibil'itt, Chromat'is 
 aberra'tion, exists, when, as in a common lens, 
 the rays that pass near the circumference of the 
 lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image 
 is observed. This aberration in the human eye 
 is corrected by the iris, which does not permit 
 the rays to fall near the circumference of the 
 lens, and also by the crystalline lens itself, 
 which, owing to its structure, serves the pur- 
 poses of an achromatic glass. 
 
 Aberration op' Spheric"itt or spher'ical 
 aberration takes place, when the rays, as in a 
 common lens, which pass through the centre of 
 the lens, and those which pass near the circum- 
 ference, are unequally refracted, so that they 
 do not meet at a common focus. 
 
 This aberration of sphericity in the human 
 eye is corrected by the iris. 
 
 ABESSI, Realgar. 
 
 ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ah, 
 and evacuare, ' to empty.' An evacuation. A 
 partial or imperfect evacuation. By some, it 
 is applied to an immoderate evacuation. — Kraus. 
 
 ABHAL. A fruit well known in India, and 
 obtained from a species of cypress. It passes 
 for an emmenagogue. 
 
 ABIES, Piilus Picea — a. Balsamea, Pinus 
 balsamea — a. Canadensis, Pinus Canadensis — 
 a. Excelsa, see Pinus abies — a. Gallica, Pinue 
 picea — a. Pectinata, Pinus picea-^a. Picea, Pi- 
 nus picea-^a. Rubra, Pinus rubra. 
 
 ABIGA, Teucrinm Chamaepitys. 
 
 ABIOSIS, Death. 
 
 ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum. 
 
 ABIRRITA'TION. Abirrita'tio, from ab, 
 privative, and irrita'tio, ' irritation.' This word 
 strictly means absence or defect of irritation. 
 The disciples of Broussais used it to indicate a 
 ipathological condition, opposite to that of irri- 
 tation. It may be eonsidered as synonymous 
 with debility, asthenia, &c. 
 
ABLACTATIO 
 
 13 
 
 ABRUS PRECATOEIUS 
 
 ABXACTATIO, Weaning. 
 
 ABLASTES, Sterile. 
 
 ABLATIO, Extirpation. 
 ■ ABLEPH' ARUS, from «, privative, and jMi- 
 <]«{o», ' eyelid.' One who has no eyelids. 
 
 ABLEPSIA, Caecitas. 
 
 ABLUENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 ABLU'TIjON, Ablu'tie, Apondffsis, Cata- 
 dys'iMis, from abl'mr»i (ai and iwwB,) 'to 
 wash.' A name givRn to legal ceremonies in 
 which the body is iuhjected to particular affii- 
 sions. Ablution (especially of the extremities) 
 with cold or tepid water is employed, thera- 
 peutically, to reduce febrile heat. Also, the 
 washing by which medicines are separated from 
 the extraneous matters mixed with them. 
 
 ABNORMAL, Abnormous. 
 
 ABNORMITAS, Anomalia. 
 
 ABNOR'MOUS, Abmer'mal (F.) Anarmal, 
 from ab, ' from,' and norma, ' rule.' Not con- 
 formable to rule ; irregular. 
 
 ABOLF'TION, AboW'Ho, destruction or sup- 
 pression,, from ab and luere (1) 'to wash.' A 
 ■word^ often employed, especially by tjje French, 
 ^o express the complete suspension of any symp- 
 tom or function. , Abolition, of the sight, e. g. 
 is the complete loss of sight. 
 
 ABOMA'SUS, Abomdsvm, Eny^tron, Ren- 
 net. The lowermost or fourth stomach of ru- 
 minating animals. 
 
 ABOMINA'TIO, Disgust. 
 
 AsONDANCi!, Plethora. 
 
 ABORSIO, Abortion. 
 
 ABORSTJS, Abortion. 
 
 ABORTICIDIITM, Foeticide. 
 
 ABORTIF, Abortive. 
 
 ABOBTIFACIENS, Abortive. 
 
 ABORTION, Abo/ttis, Abo/ma, AWsio, Dt/s- 
 to'aa aborti'va, Omoti/cia, Paracyefsis abortus, 
 Ambldais, Ambkfma, AmbMmu», E(fboli, Em- 
 bryoto(/ia, Diaph'thora, Ectro'sis, Exambh'ma, 
 Exambli/sis, Edroifmos, Apnpalksis, Apopafais, 
 Apoph'tliora, Bhthora, Convulm u'teri, Deperdi'iio. 
 (F.) Avortement, Blesswe, Miscarriage, froni 
 ab and oriri, ' to rise,' applied to that which has 
 arisen out of season. The expulsion of the 
 foetus before the seventh month of utero-gesta- 
 tion, or before it is viable, (q. v.) ,The causes 
 of this accident are referrible either to the mo- 
 ther, and particularly to the uterus ; or to the 
 f(Etus and its dependencies. The causes, in the 
 mother, may be: — extreme nervous suscepti- 
 bility, great debUity,' plethora ; feulty confor- 
 mation, &c. ; and it is frequently induced im- 
 mediately by intense mental emotion, violent 
 exercise, &c. The causes seated in the fcetus 
 are its death, rupture of the membranes, &c. 
 It most frequently occurs between the 8th and 
 l,ath weeks of gestation. The symptoms of 
 abortion are : — uterine hemorrhage with or 
 without flakes of decidua, with intermitting 
 pain. When abortion has once taken place, it 
 is extreinely apt to recur in subsequent preg- 
 nancies about the same period. Some writers 
 have called abortion, when' it occurs prior to 
 three months^ Effluxion. The treatment must 
 vary according to the constitution of the patient 
 and the causes giving rise to it. In all cases, 
 the horizontal posture and perfect quietude are 
 indispensable. 
 
 Abortioi* is likewise applied to the product 
 of an untimely birth. Abor'tus, Abor'sus, 
 Apoble'ma, Apob'oll, Ecblo'ma, Amblothrid'ion, 
 
 Eciro'ma,, Frttdtus imimMu'fua, Abortme^t. 
 (F.) Avorton, Avortin. 
 
 TO ABORT, Abon'n. To miscarry. (F.) 
 Avorter. 
 
 ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vm, Ecbol'i-us, Amhlo'- 
 ticus, Amhlothrid'ium, Fkthor'ius, Apophihot'- 
 ius, Eetrot'teua, Aboxtifcdeiens, Acyte'rims, 
 Expel'lens, Phthirocftorms, FJithoroc'tomua , 
 Eebol'ieua,Fa/rturient. (q. v.) Fartrimfcicient, 
 Ec'bolic. (F.) Abortif. Ji. medicine to which 
 is attributed the property of causing abortion. 
 There is probably no direct agent of the Idnd. 
 
 ABORTMENT, Abortion. 
 
 ABORTUS, Abortion. 
 
 ABOUCHEMENT, Anastomosis. 
 
 ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar,' used, 
 according to Flacourt, in the practice of the 
 country in diseases of the heart. 
 
 ABOVTISSEMENT, Suppuration. 
 
 ABRABAX, jli>-flisaa:. Abraxas. A mystic 
 term expressing the number 36.5, and to which 
 the Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. 
 
 ABRACADA'BRA : the name of a Syrian 
 Idol, according to Selden. This word, when 
 pronounced and repeated in a certain form and 
 a certain number of times, was supposed to 
 have the power of curing fevers and preventing 
 many diseases. It was figured on amulets and 
 worn suspended around the netk. 
 
 ABKAOaDABKA 
 
 BRACADABKA 
 
 KAOADABRA 
 
 acahabka 
 
 CABABRa. " 
 A Ji A B R A 
 D A B R A 
 A B R A 
 
 B R a 
 
 R A 
 
 A 
 
 ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which 
 the Jews a,ttributed the same virtue as to the 
 word Abracadabra. 
 
 ABRASAX, Abrabax. 
 
 ABRA'SION, Abra'sio, Apoay/ma, Aposcys'- 
 m-us, from airadere, (ab and radere,) ' to rasp.' 
 A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance, 
 under the form of small shreds, in the mucous 
 membrane of the intestines, — (F.) Raclures dea 
 Boyaux. Also, iin ulceration of the skin, pos- 
 sessing similar characters. According to Vicq 
 d'Azyr, the word has been used for the absorp- 
 tion of the molecules composing the various 
 organs. ' 
 
 ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 ABRAXAS, Abrabax. 
 
 ABRAVIA TION, Abbreviation. 
 
 ABRICOT, Pruhus Armeniaca. 
 
 ABROSIA, Abstinence. 
 
 ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum — a. 
 Cathsum, Arteniiisia abrotanum^-a. Mas, Arte- 
 misia abrotanum. '^ 
 
 ABROTONI'TES, «|S^iiroriTii5, (« iM s, ' wime,' 
 understood.) Wine impregnated with Arte- 
 misia Abrotanum or Southernwood. 
 
 ABROTONUM, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 ABRUPTIO,^ Abduction. 
 
 ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, UrfuoneeBush, 
 Red Beam, Love pea. A small ornamental shrub, 
 found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in 
 Egypt and the West Indies ; Nat. Ord. Legu- 
 minosae. Sex. Syst. Monadelphia enneasndria ; 
 having beautiful scarlet seeds with a black 
 
ABSCESS 14 
 
 4pot. The roots and leaves are sweet and mu- 
 cilaginous demulcents. The seeds of the Ame- 
 rican kind are considered to he purgative and 
 poisonous. 
 
 ABSCESS, from aiscedo, {ahs, and cedere,') 
 ' I depart,' or ' separate from.' Aisees'sus, Ab- 
 sces'siOf Aphiste'sis, Aposte'tna^ ^cpye'ima^ 
 Bcpye'sis, Beies'sus, Impos'tkume. (Fi) Abcis, 
 Dep6t. A collection of pus in a cavity, the re- 
 sult of a morbid process. See Pyogenia and 
 Suppuration. , 
 
 The French have various distinctive terms 
 
 ABCkS CHAtlD, AIGU, SOTIDAIN, is 
 one which follows violent inflammation. 
 
 ABCkS FROID, CHRONIQUE, SCRO- 
 FULEJIX, one which is the result of chi:onic 
 or scrofulous inflammation. 
 
 ABCkS PAR CONGESTION, A. diatU- 
 sique, a symptomatic abscess, one which occurs 
 in a "part at a distance from the inflammation 
 by which it is occasioned : e. g. a Iv/mbar 
 abscess ; (q. v.) in which the inflammation may 
 be in the lumbar vertebras, whilst the pus ex- 
 hibits itself at the groin. 
 
 ABScfiss Metastat'ic, Absces' sus imtastai - 
 icuS) (Y,) Abces m.etastatigue ; A.^cons^cutif,- 
 an abscess, which forms suddenly, and Some- 
 times without any precursory signs of inflam- 
 mation, in a part of the body remote from one 
 in a state of suppuration, and without presenting 
 a sufficient reason for its development in the 
 place which it. occupies. It is a consequence 
 (rf phlebitis. 
 
 Abscess, peefokatins of the Lung, see 
 Lung, perforating absces? of the — a. Psoas, 
 Lumbar abscess. 
 
 ABSCESSUS CEREBRI, Encephalopyosis— 
 a. GangraBnescens, Anthrax — a. Gangraenosus, 
 Anthrax — a. Lacteus, MS.stodynia apostematosa 
 i— a. Lumborum, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammae, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab- 
 scess, metastatic— a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a. 
 Oculi, Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a. 
 Fulmonum, Pneumapostema — a. Renalis, Ne- 
 phrapostasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a. 
 Thoracis, Empyema — a. Urinosu^, XJraposte- 
 ma. 
 
 ABSCISSIO PR^PUTII, Circumcisiour 
 
 ABSCIS'SION, Aiscis'io, Abseis' siol from ah- 
 seidere or absaindere, 'to cut oflT,' Apoc'opi, 
 Apothrau'sis, Diac^op^. Excision or extirpa- 
 tion of a part, especially of a soft part. — Fabri- 
 cius Hildanus. 
 
 Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss 
 of substance. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsus. 
 
 Sudden and premature termination of a dis- 
 ease Galen. 
 
 ABSCONSIO, Sinus. 
 
 ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRA- 
 TOIRE, see Murmut, respiratory. 
 
 ABSINTHI'TES, axp,riiTt,(, Apsinthi'tes, 
 Wine impregnated with Absinthium or Worm- 
 wood. — Dioscorides., 
 
 ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab- 
 sinthium — a. Maritimum, Artemisia maritima 
 — a. Ponticum, Artemisia pontica — a. Roma- 
 num, Artemisia pontica — a. Santonicum, Arte- 
 misia santonica — a. Vulgare, Artemisia absin-c 
 thium. " 
 
 ABSORB ANT, Absorbent. 
 
 ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens,- from ab^orbere, 
 
 ABSORPTION 
 
 (ab and sorbere,) ' to drink, to suck up.' (F.) 
 Absorbant. That which absorbs. 
 
 Absorbent System is the collection of ves- 
 sels, Vasa absorben'tia seu resorben'tia, and 
 glands, which concur in the exercise of absorp- 
 tion. , . 
 
 A medicine used for absorbing acidity m the 
 stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. 
 Invertens, Re.sor'bens, Sat'urans. 
 
 Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge, 
 &c., which, when applied to a bleeding surface, 
 retains the blood, and forms with it 3. solid and 
 adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor- 
 rhage. 
 
 ABSORPTIO, Absorption— a. Sanguinis, 
 Hsemorrhophesis . 
 
 ABSORP'TION, Resorpftio, Inhala'tio, Im- 
 bibi"tio, Absorp'tio, Anew' rhopih^, Anarrhophe'- 
 sis, Catapino'sis, Rhoebdefsis, Cdtarrhophdsis, 
 Catar'rhopht; same etymon. The function of 
 absorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take 
 up substances from without or within the body. 
 Two great divisions have been mjide of tms 
 function. 1. External absorption, or the ab- 
 sorption of composition, which obtains from, 
 without the organs the material^ intended for 
 their composition ; and, 3. Internal absorptiofl, 
 or the absorption of decomposition, which takes 
 up from the organs the materials that have to 
 be replaced by the exhalants. 
 
 By externdl absorption is irieaut not only that 
 which takes place at the external surface of the 
 body, but also that of the mucous membranes'of 
 the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, 
 again, the division of external absorption . into 
 cutaneous — resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'- 
 tio cutis — intestinal or digestive, Biid pulmonary 
 or respiriztorff. 
 
 Internal absorption is also subdivided into, 
 1 . Molecular or interstitial, nutritive or organic, 
 which takes up from each organ the, materials 
 that constitute it, so that the decomposition is 
 always in equilibrio with the deposition. 2. 
 The absorption of reerem-entitial secreted Jiuids, 
 such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, 
 &c. As these are constantly exhaled on sur- 
 faces which have no external outlet, they would 
 augment indefinitely, if absorption did not re- 
 move them in the same proportion as that in 
 which they are deposited. 3. The absorptifon 
 of a part of the exerementitied fluids, as they 
 pass over the excretory passeiges. 
 
 Absorption does not efiect the decomposition 
 of the body immediately. It merely prepares 
 the fluid which has to be eliminated by the se- 
 cretory organs. 
 
 The great agents of external absorption are 
 the veins and chyliferous vessels ; of internal 
 absorption, probably the lymphatics. In the 
 chyliferous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is 
 always found to possess the same general pro- 
 perties. In them, therefore, an .action of ela- 
 boration or selection must have .taken place. 
 The veins, on the other hand, seem to exert 
 no Selection. Any fluid, possessing the neces- 
 sary tenuity, passes through the poats of the 
 vessel readily by imbibition, and proceeds along 
 with the torrent of the circulation. Watery 
 fluids in this manner enter the blood when they 
 i,are taken into the stomach. Substances that 
 require digestion, on the other hand, must pass 
 through the chyliferous vessels and thoracic 
 duct. 
 
jSBSTkME 
 
 15 
 
 ACAWERIA 
 
 Absorption or Composition, see Absorption 
 — a. Cutaneous, see Absorption — a. of Decom- 
 position,,see A'bsorption — a. Digestive, see Ab- 
 sorption — a. External, see Absorption — a. of 
 Excrementitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption 
 — a. Internal, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see 
 Absorption — a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a. 
 Molecular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see 
 Absorption — a. Organic, see Absorption — a. 
 Pulmonary,, see Absorption — a. of Recremen- 
 titial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption-:— a* Res- 
 piratory, see Absorption. - 
 
 ABST&ME, Abstemious. 
 
 ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from 
 ahs, ' vidthout,'' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) 
 Absteme. Used by the ancient writers, as 
 well as by the French, in the sense only of its 
 roots ; one who abstains from wine or fermented 
 liquors in general. 
 
 ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 ABSTERSIVA, Detergents. 
 
 ABSTERSORIA, Detergents. 
 
 AB'STINENCE, AbsHnen'tia, from abs, 
 ' from,' and tenere, ' to hold,' Abroa'ia, Asit/ia, 
 IdnuMi' chia, Jjimocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, 
 usually voluntary, as when we speak of absH- 
 7ience from pleasure^ abstzTience from drinjc^ &c. 
 It is more particularly used to signify voluntary 
 privation of certain articles of food. Fasting is 
 a useful remedial agent in certain diseases, par- 
 ticularly in those of an iniiammatory chjiracter. 
 
 ABSXJS, a kind of cassia — C. Absus — which 
 grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of 
 which, pulverized and mixed with powdered 
 sugar, have been employed, in form of a dry 
 coUyrium, in the endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. 
 
 ABU'LIAj from a, 'privative,' and (Sdoiij, 
 ' will.' Loss of the will, or of volition. 
 
 ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has 
 lost the power of will, or of volition. 
 
 ABXrS VE SOI-MEME, Masturbatign. 
 
 ABUTA, Pareira brava. 
 
 ABUTILON C0RI)A;TUM, Sida abutilon, 
 Yellow mallow. An indigenous plant, common 
 from Canada to Mexico, which resembles com- 
 mon mallow in its medical virtues, being mu- 
 cilaginous and demulcent. 
 
 ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliqua- 
 tive eil'acuation of any kind. - 
 
 ACACIA, (Ph. U.S.) Acacis gummi— a. 
 Catechu, Catechu— a. Germanica, see Prunus 
 spinosa — a. Indica, Tamarindus — a. Nostras, 
 see Prunus spinosa — a. Vera, see Acaciae gummi 
 — a. Zeylonica, Haematoxylon Campechianum. 
 
 AC ACIjE GUMMI, ^ca'CTs, from axi;, 'a 
 point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G. 
 Aca'cim Arab'ica, G. Arab'icum, G. Acamth'- 
 inum, G. Leucum, G. Theba'icumi G. Serapio'- 
 nis, G. Lamao, G, Senega, or Seneca, Gum 
 A/ahic. (F.) Gorrnne Arabigue. The gum of 
 the Mimosa Nilot'ica, Acicia vera. Spina 
 JEgyptiaea, of Upper Egypt, iVa*. Ord. Mimo- 
 seas. Sex. Syat. Polygamia Moncecia. It is 
 in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale yel- 
 low colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture, 
 transparent, soluble in water, and insoluble in 
 alcohol, s. g. 1.4317. 
 
 It is mucilaginous j but is rarely used, except 
 in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered 
 alone as a denjvlcent. 
 
 ACAJOU, Anacardium occidentale. 
 
 ACAM'ATUS, from « priv., and xaurm, ' I 
 labour.' This word has been sometimes used 
 
 for a good constitution of the body. According 
 to Galen, it means that position in which a limb 
 is intermediate betvireen flexion and extension ; 
 a position which may be long maintained with- 
 out fatigue. 
 
 ACAMPSIA, Contractura. 
 
 ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 ACANTHA, Vertebral column. Also, Spi- 
 nous process of a vertebra. ' 
 
 ACANTHA.BOLUS, Acan'tkulua, Votael'la, 
 from axav»a, ' a spine,' and j5*ii(o, ' I cast out.' 
 A kiiid of forceps for removing extraneous sub- 
 stances from wounds.^— Paulus of ^gina, Fa- 
 bricius ab Acquapendente, Sdult^tus, &c. 
 
 ACANTHAL2;UCA, Echinops. 
 
 ACANTHE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy- 
 lium. 
 
 ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium. 
 
 ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolos. 
 
 ACANTHUS MOLLIS, Same etymon as 
 Acacia, (q. v.) Metamphyl' liim, Branca ursi'- 
 na, Brankv/r' sine, Bear's Breech. (F.) Pi^d 
 d'ours. This plant is mucilaginous lik;e Althaea, 
 and is used as a demulcent. 
 
 ACAPATLI, Piper longum. 
 
 ACAR'DIA, from a priv., and xagiio, 'the 
 heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart. 
 
 AC ARDIOTROPHI A, Heart, atrophy of the. 
 
 ACARICOBA. The Brazilian name for the 
 Hydrocol! yli vmbelldtvmi, used by the Indians 
 as an aromatic, alexipharmic, and emetic. 
 
 ACARON, Myrica gale. 
 
 ACARP^, from a ' privative,' and xagTOs, 
 ' fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous 
 diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no " fruit," 
 (Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane- 
 ous surface — ^tubercles, vesicles or pustules. 
 Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be- 
 long to it. 
 
 AC'ARUS, from w privative, and xogijc, ' di- 
 visible.' A minute insect, one species of which 
 has been noticed by several observers, in the 
 itch, — The Acarus Scabiei, Sarcopte, Ciron. 
 
 Ao'arus Ciro, see Psora — a. Comedonum, 
 A. FoUiculorum. 
 
 AoAEDs Follioulo'eum, Entozo'on Follicu- 
 lo'rwm, A. Comedo' num, De'mbdex follictdo'' 
 rum, Svmo'nea folliculo'rwm, , Steatozo'on fol- 
 lieulo'ni/m. An articulated animalcule, disco- 
 vered in the sebaceous substance of the cuta- 
 neous follicles. According to Professor Owen, 
 it belongs to the Arachnida. 
 
 AoARDS ScABiBi, Acarus, see Psora. 
 
 ACATALEP'SIA, from « privative, and «b- 
 raXitfiflava, 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in 
 diagnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia. — Galen. 
 
 ACATAF'OSIS, from a privative, and xa- 
 ranoric, ' deglutition.' Incapacity of swallow- 
 ing. Vogel has given this name to difficulty of 
 deglutition. 
 
 ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastaificus, from a. 
 priv., and -taQicrrniLi, 'to determine.' An epi- 
 thet given to fevers, &c., v^hen irregular in 
 their periods or symptoms. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACATHAR'SIA, from o priv., and xa^aifi- 
 tra, ' I purge ;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission 
 of a purgative. — Foesius. 
 
 ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, w;hich 
 is astringent and aromatic. A bath qf it is 
 used in that country in cases of h^micrania. It 
 is supposed to be the Cassytha filiformis of 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum. 
 
ACCABLEMENT 
 
 16 
 
 ACEPHALOCYST 
 
 ACCABLEMENT, Torpor. 
 
 ACG&LARATETJB, Accelerator urinae. 
 
 ACCELEEA'TOR URI'NiE, BitUo-caver- 
 Tw'sus, Bulho-Tiretral — (Ch.) Ejaeula'tor Se- 
 mi'nis, Bulbo-syndesmo-cavemeux. (F.) Ae- 
 ceUrateur, from ad and celer, ' quick.'' A mus- 
 cle of the penis, which arises, fleshy, from the 
 sphincter ani and membranous part bf the ureth- 
 ra, and tendinous from the crus and beginning 
 of the corpus cavernosum penis. In its course' 
 it forms a thin, fleshy layer, the inferior fibres 
 of which run more transversely than the supe- 
 riorj which descend in an oblique direction j the 
 muscles of both sides completely enclosing the 
 bulb of the urethra. It is- inserted into its fel- 
 low by a tendinous line running longitudinally 
 on the middle of the bulb. Its uie is to propel 
 the urine or semen forwards. 
 
 ACCENT, Sonus vods, from ad and canere, 
 cantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of 
 the voice, which consists in raising or dropping 
 it on certain syllables. 
 
 The accent exhibits various' alterations in 
 disease. 
 
 ACCMS, Paroxysm. 
 
 ACCES'SION. Aeces'sio, from aceedd, {ad 
 and cedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, ap- 
 proach^ or commencement of a disease. 
 
 ACCESSOIRE, Accessory^-fli. dit longfle- 
 chisseuT commun des orteils : see Flexor longus 
 digitornm pedis profundus perforans (accesso- 
 rius) — a. de VObturateur interne, Ischio-tro- 
 chanterianus — a. dit, pied d'Sippocampe : see 
 Comu ammonis-.— as. du Sacro-lombairs : see 
 Sacro-lurabalis. 
 
 ACCE5S0RIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI- 
 TORUM PEDIS ; see Flexor longus digitorum 
 pedis profundus perforans (accessorius). — a. Pe- 
 dis hippocampi ; — see Cornu ammonis. 
 
 ACCESSORY, Accesso'ritis, (F.) Accessoire, 
 Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de 
 pendence on any thing ; as accessory ligament, 
 muscle, nerve, &c. 
 
 AccESSoEY OF THE Paeot'id, is a name given 
 by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies 
 the parotid duct, and which is commonly a mere 
 prolongation of the parotid itself. See Parotid. 
 
 Accessory Sciences to Medicine are those 
 which do not relate directly to the science of 
 man in a state of health or disease ; as physics,j 
 chemistry, &c. 
 
 Accessoe Y OF THE Pae Vagum, Spinal nerve. 
 
 The term accessory is also given to several 
 ihuscIgs i 
 
 ACCESSUS, Coition. 
 
 ACCIDENSj j.Symptoma-^— «i Consecutifs, 
 Consecutive phenomena. 
 
 ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from aecldere, (ad 
 and eadere,) ' to happen.' A casualty ; an un- 
 foreseen event. The French use the term in 
 nearly the same sense as symptom. It, means 
 also an unexpected symptom. 
 
 ACCIDEN'TAL, adventi"tious. That which 
 happens unexpectedly. 
 
 The French give the name Tissus accidentels, 
 to those adventitious textures, that are the re- 
 sult of a morbid process. 
 
 ACCIP'ITER, IE'erax,'itsa^, 'the hawk,' 
 from acoipere {ad and capio,) ' to take.' Me- 
 nec'ratis Aeeij/iter. (F.) Epefvier, A band- 
 age applied over the nose, so called from its 
 likeness to the claw of a hawk. 
 AC'CLI'MATED, Clima'ti assiie'tus, (from I 
 
 ■ ad and elima.) A word of recent introduction 
 from the French, which means ' accustomed to 
 a climate.' 
 
 ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation. , 
 
 AC'OLIMATiON, Seas'oning. (F.) Accli- 
 mMtement. The act of becoming acclimated, or 
 accustomed, to a climate. .-' 
 
 The constitution of a person, who, goes to 
 live in another and a very difierent .^lima'te, 
 usually experiences changes, which aye fre- 
 quently of an unfavourable character, and the 
 study of which is of considerable importance in 
 medicine. 
 
 ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'cHon. (F.) 
 Accompagnementj (eompagnon, ' an associate.') 
 That which is joined to any thing. 
 
 Accompaniment to the cataract is a whitish, 
 viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds 
 thi opake crystalline, and remains after the.ope- 
 ration for cataract, causing a secondary cata- 
 ract. 
 
 ACCOiJCHiE, P'uerpera. 
 ■ ^CC0rrCI5BiK'£JV;r, Parturition— a. Labo- 
 rious, Dystocia — a. Centre nature, see Presen- 
 tation, preternatural — a. Lahorieux, Laborious 
 labour. 
 
 ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Tartu?, Ob- 
 stet'ricans, Obstetri"cius, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes. 
 He who practises the art of midwifery. A 
 physician-Accoucheur, u. Surgeon- Accoucheur, 
 a JMan-m^idwife, &c. 
 
 ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife. 
 
 ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition. 
 
 ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit. 
 
 ACCRE'TION, Accnftiq, from ad, < to,' and 
 crescere, 'to increase.' Augmentataou ; also, 
 increase by juxtaposition. 
 
 ACCROISSEMENT, Increase. 
 
 ACCUSATIO, Indication. 
 
 ACE'DIA, Incu'ria, from a privative, amd 
 xriioc, ' care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, 
 fatigue. — Hippocrates. • 
 
 ACELLA, Axilla. 
 
 AGENINOSlJ^S, Curative. 
 , ACEOGNOSIA, Pharma<;ognosia. 
 
 ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica. 
 
 ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from a privative, 
 xEtpaJi;, ' head,' and (Sgo;f iiuv, ' arm.' A foetus 
 'without head or arms. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOCHI'RUS, from « privative, 
 xh^ttXtj, 'head,' and }(cig, 'hand.' A fcetus 
 without head or hands. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOCYST, AcephalocysiUs, ftasp. a 
 privative, xsipoAi;, 'head,', and xwitti?, 'bladder.' 
 An hydatiform vesicle, without head or visible 
 organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, although ' 
 possessed of few animated characteristics. In 
 no organ of the'~T)ody are acephalocysts so fre- 
 quently found as in the liver, dfeneraily it is 
 the 'multiple acephalocyst,' A. socia'lis seu 
 prolif'era, which is met With. At times, how- 
 ever, it is the ' solitary acephalocyst,' A. ere- 
 mi'ta seu ster'ilis. • 
 
 The acephalocystis endog"ena has a firm 
 coat, and is composed of different layers, which 
 have numbers of smaller hydatids within theta, 
 and are thrown off from the interior of the pa-, 
 rent cyst. ■ This species has hence been termed 
 endogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena 
 of ruminant animals, in which the young vesi- 
 cles are developed from the exterior of the pa- 
 rent vesicle. — See Hydatid. 
 
ACEPHALOGASTER 
 
 17 
 
 ACETONE 
 
 A.C^VWALOQAS"fER,Atho'raeoeeph'iaus, 
 from « privative, xt^miij, 'hSad,' and yanri/g, 
 ' the belly.' A name given to monsters devoid 
 of head, chest, and abdomen ; or to those which 
 have an abdomen, but no chest or head. 
 
 ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a privative, 
 xi^oJij, 'head,' and arofin, 'mouth.' An ace- 
 phatous ftetus, at the upper part of vyhich there 
 is aqte&pg resembling a mouth. 
 
 ACEPHALOTHO'RUS, from a privative, 
 xifai.ri, ' head,' and ^wgai, ' chest,' Apectocepha- 
 lus. A monster devoid of head or chest. 
 
 ACEPH'ALOUS, from « priv., and KKfaXj^, 
 ' head.' A monster horn devoid of head. The 
 condition is called Acepha'Ua. 
 
 ACER, Acrid. 
 
 AcEE Saochaei'num. Maple, Sugar Maple. 
 (F.) Arable. This tree contains a large amount 
 of sweet sap, whence a considerable quantity of 
 sugar may be extracted. When purified, this 
 sugar can scarcely be distinguished frihn that 
 obtained from the c^e. — See Saccharum. 
 
 ACERATO'SIS, from a privative, and xigag, 
 ' horn.' Defective development of the corneous 
 tissue. 
 
 ACERB', Acer'bus, Stryphnos, from aeer, 
 'sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of 
 the acid, bitter, and astringent ; such as is met 
 with in unripe fruits, &c. 
 
 ACER'CUS, from a privative, and xe 9x0?, ' a 
 tail.' A monster devoid of tall. — Gurlt. 
 
 ACE'RIDES, Aeero'des, from a privative, 
 and xijjos, 'wax.' Plasters devoid of wax. — 
 Galen. 
 
 ACERODES, Acerides. 
 
 ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des, Fithyri'nus, from 
 a 5^1/5 or, .'chaff.' Furfura!-eeous. An epithet 
 used by Hippocrates, for the coarsefet bread, 
 made of flour not separated from the chaff — 
 Foesius. 
 
 ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Piaeal 
 Gland. 
 
 ACES'CENCY, Aeescetitia, from acescere, 
 ' to grow sour,' (axic, ' a point,''a<;er, ' sharp.') 
 A disposition to acidity. The humourists be- 
 lieved that the animal humours are susceptible 
 of this change. 
 
 ACESIA, Cure. 
 
 ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament. 
 
 ACESMA, Medicament. 
 
 ACESMIUS, Curable. 
 
 ACESMUS, Cure. 
 
 ACESODYNES, Anodyne. 
 
 ACESOPHORUS, Curative. 
 
 ACESTER, Physician. - 
 
 ACESTIS, Medicament. 
 
 ACESTOR, Physician. 
 
 ACESTORIA, Medicine. 
 
 ACESTORIS, Midwife. 
 
 ACESTOS, Curable. 
 
 ACESTRA, Needle.- 
 
 ACESTRIA, Midwife. 
 
 ACESTRIS, Midwife. 
 
 ACESTRUM, Medicament. 
 
 ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica. 
 
 ACETABTJLA UTERINA, Cotyledons. 
 
 ACETAB'ULUM, froin acetum, 'vinegar,' 
 because it resembles the old -ij^inegaj- vessel, 
 oxybaph'ion. A measurft capablS of containing 
 the eighth part of a modern pint. Athenasus. 
 Galen. See Cotyloid. According to Castelli, 
 the lobes or cotyledons of the placentae of ru- 
 minating animals have been so called. 
 
 AoETABTjLDM, Cotvle, Cotyloid— a. Humeri, 
 see Glenoid — a. Marmum, Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ACETA'RIA, pame etymon. A salad or 
 pickle. "^ 
 
 ACETAS, Acetate. 
 
 ACETATE; Ace'tas. A salt formedbythe 
 union of the acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, 
 or metallic base. The acetates chiefly used in 
 medicine, are the acetates of ammonia, lead, 
 potash, and zinc. 
 
 ACE'TICA, Aee'ta Mediea'ta. (F.) Vinai- 
 gres M^dinnaux. Pharmaceutical preparations 
 of vinegar. 
 
 ACE'TICUM AC'lDVUtAcidum Aee'tieiim 
 fortius, A. A. forti, A. Ace'ticum ptirum, 
 Ace'tum radica'U, Oxos, Ace'tic Add, Strong 
 Ace'tous Acid, Addum Aceto' swm fortB, Rad'i- 
 cal Vin'egar, Spir'itus Ven'eris (when made from 
 verdigris,^ Spirit of Verdigris, Concentrated 
 acetic acid, prepared by decomposing an acetate 
 and receiving the acetic acid by distillation, has 
 a very pungent and grateful odour, and an acid 
 and acrid tastei Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it 
 is very volatile. 
 
 It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, 
 and is applied to the nostrils in syncope, as- 
 phyxia, headache, &c. , It destroys warts. 
 
 An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idwm 
 Ace'tiewm C amphora' twm, A, aceto'snm campho^ 
 ra'tzmi, is formed of this strong add, § vj. Cam- 
 phor, _^ss, 01. CaryopK. g" xv. 
 
 A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the 
 London pharmacopoeia prepared from wood. It 
 was called Vinegar of wood_. Improved distilled- 
 Vinegar, PyroUg'neous Add, Ace'tum Idgno'- 
 rum, and its strength was such, that 87 gr. of 
 crystallized subcarbonate of soda should satu- 
 rate 100 grains of the acid; ,. 
 
 Ac"id'um Ace'ticuTn Dilu'tum, A. ». ten'ue, 
 Ace'tum destilla'tttm, Addum ace'ticwm, Add- 
 um aceto'sum destilla'tum, Addum, ace'ticwm 
 debil'ius, Distil' led vin'egar, (F.) Adde Aci- 
 tique faiHe, Vinaigre di^tilU, is prepared hy 
 distilling vinegar, until seven-eighths have 
 passed over. An Addum aceticwm dilittum. Di- 
 luted acetic, add, is made by mixing half a pint 
 of the strong acetic acid with five pints of dis- 
 tilled water. — Ph. U. S. Its properties are 
 like those of vinegar. 
 
 AcETiouM Martiale, Ferri Acetas. 
 
 ACETONE, from keetwm, ' vinegar.' Fy- 
 ro-ace'tic spirit, Fyro-acetie Ether, Mesit^ie AV- 
 cohot, Bihydrate of Mesit'ylene ; enoneovisly 
 called Naptha and Wood Naptha. A liinpid, 
 colourless liquid, having a peculiarly pene- 
 trating and' slightly empyreurflatic 'adour. Its 
 density in the liquid state, is almost the same 
 as that of alcohol, 0.7921 . ' Its taste is disagree- 
 able, and analagous to that of peppermint. It 
 is miscible in all proportions with water, alco- 
 hol, and ether. It may be prepared by distil- 
 ling a mixture of two parts ofcrystallized ace- 
 tate of lead and one part of quicklime in a salt- 
 glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower part of the jar 
 being coated with fire-clay ; and a bent glass 
 tube, half an inch in diameter, adapted to the 
 mouth by a cork, so as to form a distillatory 
 apparatus. The jar is supported on the mouth 
 of a small furnace, by which the lower part 
 only is heated to redness, and the vapours are 
 conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The pro- 
 duct is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime, 
 until its boiling point is constant at 132°. 
 
ACETOSA NOSTRAS 
 
 18 
 
 ACHNE 
 
 It has teen brought forward as a remedy in 
 phthisis pulmonalis; ,but evidently with un- 
 founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and 
 may he serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The 
 dose is ten to forty drops three times a day, di- 
 luted with water. 
 
 ACETOSA' NOSTRAS, Rumex acetosa— a. 
 Pratensis, Runjex ac^sa — a. Rpmana, Rumex 
 scutatus — a. Rotund^pia, Rumex scutatus — a. 
 Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa. 
 
 ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 ACE'TUM, o|u;, Oxys, Ace'twm V^ni,- A. 
 SHtan'nicmn, Co-mmon Vinegar^ Aeidwn aceto'- 
 swm, A'l^gqr, Aoe'tvmi Cerevis'ia, (F.) Vinai- 
 gre ; from axis, ' a point,' acer, ' sharp.' A li- 
 quor obtained by the acetous fermentation. 
 Viuegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant 
 acid taste. One fluid ounce of the Acetum of 
 the United States Tharmacopoeia is saturated by 
 about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate of 
 soda. It is refrigerant in fevers; antiseptic, 
 and aJiti-narcotic ; and externally is stimulant 
 and discutient. , 
 
 Ace'tum A'eomat'icum, AddiiMi AcefticiMn 
 Aromat'icum.) Ace'tii/m Theriaca'lB, A, quatuor 
 fwrum, Thieves' Vinegar, Vine^gar of the four 
 Thieves, Marseilles Vinegar, fF.) Vinaigre Aro- 
 ftpatique, V, des quatre voleurs, {Rorismarin 
 cacum. sice, FoL Salvice sing. ^], ,Lava'nd, 
 flor, sice. ^iv. Caryoph. cont. ^Ss.' Add, Acet. 
 Oij. Maperate 7 days, and filter. — Ph.'E.) OdoUr 
 pungent and aromatic. Used as a perfume. 
 
 AoETUM Sritannioum:, Acetum. 
 
 Ace'tum Canthak'idis, Vinegar of Cantha- 
 rides, {Cantharid. in pulv. ,^iij. Acid. acet. f. 
 ,^v., Acid, pyrolign. f. _^xv : Euphorl. in pulv. 
 crass, gss. Mix the acids ; add the powders ; 
 macerate for seven,days; strain; express strong- 
 ly, and filter the liquor. — Ph. E. The London 
 College macerates cantharid. ^ij, in acid. acet. 
 Oj. for eight days; expresses and strains.) It 
 is used as a prompt vesicant. 
 
 Ace'tum Col'chioi, Vinegar of meadow saf- 
 fron. {'Colchic, rod. contus."^!]', Acet. destil- 
 lai. Oij ; Alcohol, f. ,f j : Ph. U. S. It may also 
 be made by displacement.) It is used as a di- 
 uretic, and also in gout. Dose f. ,^ss. to giss. 
 
 Acetum Destillatum ;,see Aceticum acidum 
 — a. Lignorum : see Aceticum acidjim — a. Mul- 
 sum dulce, Oxyglycus — a. Opii, Guttae Nigrae — 
 a. Quatuor furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a. 
 Radicale, Aceticum Acidum — a. Rosatum, Ox- 
 yrrhodinon. i 
 
 Acetum Scill;e, Addtrnn, Aee'iicnm Scillit'- 
 icum. Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre scilli- 
 tique. {Sci^^caiAas. ,^iv; Acet.destillat. Oij ; 
 Alcohol, f. gj. Ph. U. S. It may also be made by 
 displacement.) Diuretic, expectorant, and eme- 
 tic. Dose f. 2ss to gij as adiuretic and expecto- 
 rant. 
 
 Acetum Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum. 
 
 ACEYTli: DE SAL. A remedy for bron- 
 chocele used in S. America. Roulin found it to 
 contain a portion of iodine. 
 
 ACHACANA. A species of cactus,' in the 
 province of Potosi inPeru. Its root is thick 
 and fleshy, and of a Conical shape. It is a good 
 edible, and is sold in the markets of the country. 
 
 ,ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of 
 Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as 
 an antisyphilitic. 
 
 AGHAOVAN, a species of Egyptian chamo- 
 mile. — Prosper Alpinus. , 
 
 ACHAOVAN-AjpiAT. The Egyptian name 
 of Cineraria maritima, used in female dis- 
 eases. 
 
 ACHXR, Atchar. 
 
 ACHE, Apium graveolens — a. des Man- 
 tagnes, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a prii^v and 
 XciUg, ' lip.' A malformation, consktu^Wn a 
 deficiency of a lip or lips. flPl^^ ' 
 
 ACSEVLVSj'Achi'lus, same etynionr One 
 who is without Ups. 
 
 ACWElVi, Achir, D^manus, from a priva- 
 tive, and ;f«ig, ' hand.' One devoid of hands. — 
 Galen. ' 
 
 ACHEI'RIA, Acki'ria^ : same etypion. The 
 state of being devoid of hands; 
 
 ACHEROIS, Populus, 
 
 ACHIA, Acinar . A name given in, India to 
 the pickled shoots of the bamboo. 
 
 AcHiA, Atchar. / 
 
 ACHIAR, Achia. 
 
 ACHIC'OLUM, Achit'olus, Hidrote'rion, 
 Suda'riuTn, Fornix, Tholus, Sudato' rittm-. The 
 sweating-room in the ancient bagnios. 
 
 ACHILIA, Acheilia. 
 
 ACHI-LLE'A AGE'RATUM, Balsami'tafce- 
 min'ea, Eupato'rium mes'ues, Age'ratwm, Cos'- 
 tus horto'rum Twinor, JKaudlin, Maudlin- Tan- 
 sey; (F.) Achillie Visqueuse;- Nat, Ord. Com- 
 positae; Sub. Ord. Anthemideae; Sex. Syst. 
 Syngenesia.Polygamia superflua, — has the same 
 properties as tansey, bitter and aromatic, aind 
 is used in like- afiections. 
 
 Achille'a Atra'ta, Herha Gen'ipi veri, (F.) 
 Achillie Noire, has similar virtues. 
 
 AcHiLLEfA Millefo'lium, AchUlc'a Myrio- 
 phyl'lon, Chrysoc'oma, Millefo' liwm, C'hilio- 
 phyl'lon, I/umhus Ven'eris, Commion Yarrow <y[ 
 Milfoil. (F.) Millefeuille. The leaves and 
 flowers have an aromatic smell, and a rough, 
 bitterish, somewhat pungent taste. They have 
 been used in dyspepsia, flatulence, &c. 
 
 Aobii.i.e'a JPtar'mica, Pseudo-py'rethrwm, 
 Py'rethrwm sylves'trS, Draco sylves'tris, Tar- 
 chon sylvestris, SternutaTnento'ria, Dracun'- 
 cidus Fraten'sis, Sneeze^wort, Bastard Fel'li- 
 tory, Ftar'Tiiica. (T'.')''IIerbe a eternuer. The 
 roots and flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap- 
 proaching that of pyrethrum. Their principal 
 use is as a masticatory and sialogogue. 
 
 ACHILLEE NOIBE, Achillea atrata— a. 
 Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum. 
 
 ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley, 
 mentioned by Theophrastus .and Galen, Called 
 after Achilles^ a labourer. The decoction was 
 used in fevers and jaundice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ACHIL'LIS TENDO, Fujiis Hippoc'ratis, 
 Corda seu Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda mag- 
 na, Nervus latus, (F.) Tendon d'AchilU. The 
 strong tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above 
 the heel : so called, because it was the only vul- 
 nerable part of Achilles, or because of .its 
 strength. See Tendon. 
 
 ACHILUS, Acheilus. 
 
 ACHIMBASSI. An archiater or chi^f of 
 physicians. A name given,jat Grand Cairo, to 
 a magistrate who licenses physicians. 
 
 ACHIR, Acheir. 
 
 ACHIRIA, Acheiria. 
 
 ACHITOLUS, Achicolum. 
 
 ACHLYS, Caligo. 
 
 ACHMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. 
 1 ACHNE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small 
 
ACHOLIA 
 
 19 
 
 TO ACIDULATE 
 
 mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ^CHOL'IA, from a privative, and ;^oJi;, 
 •bile.' Deficiency in bile. 
 
 ACH'OLUS: same etymon. One deficient 
 in bile. 
 
 ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 ACIJQRES. A term often employed by the 
 ancientsfto designate both crusta ladtea, and 
 small superficial ulcerations on the skin of the 
 face and head. See Porrigo Larvalis, 
 
 AcHOEES OapitiS, Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 ACHORIS'TUS, from a. priv., and x<^i.ta, ' I 
 separate.' Any sign which necessarily accom- 
 panies a state of health or disease. 
 
 ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a spe- 
 cies of myrtle used in dropsy. 
 
 ACHRAS SAPO'TA. ElNispero. Avery 
 abundant tree in South America, the fruit of 
 which is excellent. It is astringent. The 
 leaves are likewise astringent. The seeds are 
 aperient and diuretic. It belongs to the family 
 Sapoteae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. 
 
 ACHROI, Achtomatis'li, Adirdmali, Ackro' 
 mi, from a privative, and j^gw^o, ' colour.' Pale 
 individuals. — Hippocrates. It is nearly synony- 
 mous with A£ifo,i|tt5i, persons without colour; 
 bloodless. 
 
 ACHROMASIA, De'coloration. 
 
 ACHROMATI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMAT'IC, Achroma/icus ; same ety- 
 mon. A lens so constructed as to correct the 
 aberration of refrangibility of common lenses. 
 The Crystalline is an achromatic lens. 
 
 ACHROMATISTI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHROMATOP;SIA, CA»omo<Dps«,Bdop'Mff, 
 Chromatomelablep' sia, Parachro'ma, Visas de'- 
 eolor. Colour blindness, Ittiop'tcy, Daltonism, 
 from a privative, •jf^Qw/^a, ' colour,' and cmoum, 
 ' I see.' Incapabihty of distinguishing colours. 
 A defect situate in the cerebral part of the vi- 
 sual organ. See Acyanoblepsia. 
 
 ACHROMI, Achroi. 
 
 ACHYLO'SIS,.from a privative, and %vXc;, 
 'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or forma- 
 tion of chyle. 
 
 ACHYMO'SIS, froni « privative, and xvyug, 
 'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification. 
 
 ACHYRODES, Acerosus. 
 ACHYRON, Furfur. 
 
 ACIA, from ojci?, a point. A word used by 
 Celsus,whichhaspuzzledcommentators,— some 
 believing it to have meant a needle ; others the 
 thread ; and others, again, the kind of suture. 
 "Ma mollis, non nimis lorta." — Celsus, Galen. 
 (Chifflet thinks it meant the thread. — Antwerp, 
 
 lass.) 
 
 - ACID, ACETOUS, STRONG, Acetlcum 
 sicidum — a. Aerial,. Carbonic acid — a. Antimo- 
 nious, Antimohium diaphoreticum — a. Arseni- 
 ous, Arsenicum album — a. Auric, see Gold — a. 
 Azotic,^ Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin, 
 flowers of — a. Boric, Boracic acid — a. Calcare- 
 ous, Carbonic acid^ — a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic 
 acid — a. Carbonous, Oxalic acid — a. Citric, Ci- 
 tric acid — a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Cyanohydric, Hydrbcyanic acid — a. Gastric, 
 Gastric juice. 
 
 Acn>,G\t,i4C,Ac^'idum&all'icum. {'S.)Aeide 
 Gailique. This acid is found in most of the 
 astringent plants that contain tannic aqidof the 
 kind obtained from galls. It is-in delicate silky 
 needles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, 
 
 and of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It 
 dissolves in one hundred parts of cold and threa 
 parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in al- 
 cohol, and but slightly so in ether. 
 
 It has been highly extolled in internal hemor- 
 rhage, especially from the urinary organs and 
 uterus. ~Dose from ten to twenty grainsi 
 
 Acid, Hippn'aic, Ad'idum Hijppu' ricum,'Uro- 
 hen'zoic add. An acid found in the urine Of 
 graminivorous animals. It is contained in hu- 
 man urine, especially after benzoic acid has 
 been taken. 
 
 AoiD, Hydeiod'io, Ae"idum Hydriod'iewm. 
 This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide 
 of potassiumSand tartaric acid ; filtering the li- 
 quor to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and 
 adding water to make the resulting hydriodic 
 acid of definite.strength. 
 
 It has been used in the same cases as the 
 preparations of iodine in general, but is rarely 
 employed. i 
 
 Acid, Hydeochlokoniteio, Nitro-muriatie 
 acid— a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Hydro-sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — ^a. 
 Hydrothioni9,Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasu- 
 ric : see Jatropha curcas — a. of Lemons, Citric 
 acid — a. Lithic, Uric acid — a. Dephlogisticated 
 marine, Chlorine — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid 
 — a. of Milk, Lactic acid— a. Muriatic, see Mu- 
 riaticum acidum — a. Nitric, see Nitric acid — a. 
 Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Ni.* 
 tro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Acid — a. Ni- 
 trous dephlogisticated. Nitric acid — a. Oxysep- 
 tonic. Nitric acid — a. Polygalic : see Polygala 
 senega — a. Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Py- 
 roligneous : see Aceticum acidum — a. Pyrolig- 
 nic, Pyroligneous acid — a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid 
 — a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid^— a. Sulphuric, see 
 Sulphuric acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric, 
 Uric acid — a. Urobenzoic, A. Hippuric, 
 
 ACIDE ACiTIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceti- 
 cum acidum — a. Boracique, Boracic acid — a. 
 Gallique, Acid, gallic — a. Hydrocyaniqne, Hy- 
 drocyanic acid— «. Hydrosulfurique, Hydro- 
 gen, sulphuretted — a. Lactique, Lactic acid-^-a. 
 Nitrique, Nitric acid— o. Fho^phorique, Phos- 
 phoric acid — a, Frussique, Hydrocyanic acid — 
 a- Sulfureux, Sulphuric acid — a. Sulfurique, 
 Sulphurous acid — a. Sulfurique delay e, Sulphu- 
 ricum acidum dilutum — a. Tannique, Tannin. 
 ACIDITATIO, Acidities. 
 ACID'ITIES, Aco'res, Acidita'tio, Ac'idwm 
 'morho'swm,At^'idwmpri'nia'rii7nvia'rum,Oxytes, 
 Sordes ad'idcB. (F .) Aigreurs . Sourness of the 
 stbmach, the result of indigestion, indicated by 
 acid eructations, &c. The affection is very 
 common in children, and must be obviated by 
 absorbents, as magnesia, chalk, &c., and by re- 
 gulated diet. 
 
 ACIDOLOG"IA, from axi?, ' a point, a sharp 
 instrument,' and Xoyoq, ' a description.' A de- 
 scription of surgical instruments. 
 
 AC'IDS, AS'ida, Aco'res, from om?, 'a 
 point,' gefiitive uMSog. Any liquid, solid or 
 gaseous body, possessed of a sour, more or less 
 caustic taste, and the principal character of 
 which is the capability of saturating, wholly or 
 in part, the alkaline properties of bases. 
 
 Acids, in general, are refrigerant^ and anti- 
 septic. Their particular uses are pointed out 
 under the individual articles. 
 
 To ACID'ULATE. (F.) Aiguiser,Aciduler. 
 To render acidulous, or slightly acid. 
 
ACIDULOUS 
 
 20 
 
 AC(£LIOS 
 
 ACID'ULOUS, Acid'iUu.sfiamfdes, OxoVdes 
 (F.) Aeidule, Aigre, Aigrelet. Substances are 
 failed acidulous which possess a sourish taste, 
 as ramarinds, cream of tartar, &c. 
 
 Acidulous Fruits, Oranges, gooseber- 
 ries, &c. 
 
 Acidulous Watees,^ jw« acid'telcB. Mineral 
 waters containing carbonic acid gas sufScient to 
 render them sourish. See Waters, mineral. 
 
 Acidulous Water, Simple, Agiia Ad'idi 
 Carbon'iei, (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi, Ajua 
 add'ula simplex^ L/iquor seu Aqua Soda effer- 
 ves^cens. Aqua Carhondtis Sodee acid'ula) Soda 
 water. Mineral water, (F.) l^au Aeidule sim- 
 ple, is water impregnated with fixed air. 
 
 Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slight- 
 ly stimulating. It is used beneficially in dys- 
 pepsia, and in cases of vomiting, &c. 
 
 ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum— 
 a. Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum 
 ^ — a, Aceticum camphoratiim: see Aceticum aci- 
 dum — a. Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyrolig- 
 neous acid — a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum 
 scillas — a. AcetosellaB, Oxalic acid — a, Aceto- 
 sum, Acetum — a. AUantoicum, Allantoic acid 
 — a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid — a. Arsenico- 
 sum, Arsenious acid— a. Arseniosum, (Phii U. 
 S.) Arsenious acid — a. Azoticum, Nitric acid — 
 a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers of — a. Bo- 
 racicum, Boracic acid — ^a. Borussicum, Hydro- 
 cyanic acid — a. ■ Carbonicum, Carbonic acid — 
 A. Citricum, Citric acid — a. Gfallicum, Acid, 
 gallic — a. Hydriodicum, Acid hydriodic — a. 
 Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic acidr-a. Hydrochlo- 
 ricum, 'Muriaticum acidum — a. Hydrocyani- 
 cum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydrothionicum 
 liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted water^a. Ja- 
 trophicum, see Jatropha curcas — a. Lacticum, 
 Lactic acid — a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid — 
 a. Ligni pyro-oleosum, Pyroligneous acid-^-a. 
 Lithicum,IJric acid — a. Marinum concentratum, 
 Muriaticum acidum — a. Morbosum, Acidities 
 —a. Muriaficum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Mu- 
 riaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatic 
 acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid^ — a> Nitricum, Ni- 
 tric acid — a. Nitro-Muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic 
 acid — a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phosphori- 
 cum, Phosphoric acid — a. Primarum viarum, 
 Acidities — a. Prussicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. 
 Pyro-aceticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci- 
 tannicum. Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid 
 —a. Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a. Salis, Mu- 
 riaticum acidum — a. Salig culinaris, Muriati- 
 cum acidum — a. Salis marini, Muriaticum aci- 
 dum — a. Septicum, Nitric acid — a. Succini- 
 cum. Succinic acid — a. Sulphuricum, Sulphuric 
 acid — a. Sulphuricum alcoolisatum, Elixir aci- 
 dum Halleri — a. Siilphuricum aromaticum. Sul- 
 phuric acid, aromatic^ — a. Sulphuricum dilu- 
 tum. Sulphuric acid, diluted — a. Sulphuris vo- 
 latile. Sulphurous acid — a. Sulphurosicum, Sul- 
 phurous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin — a. Tartari 
 essentiale, Tartaric acid — a. Tartaricum, Tarta- 
 ric acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid — a. Uri- 
 cum, -Uric acid— a. Urolithicum, Uric acid — 
 a. Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum 
 aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum— 
 a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulphuri- 
 cum acidum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum vino- 
 sum. Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Zooticum, Hy- 
 drocyanic acid — a. Zodtinicum, Hydrocyanic 
 acid. 
 
 ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative.) 
 
 ACIERj Chalybs. 
 
 ACIES, Chalybs— a. Digitorum manus. Pha- 
 langes of the fingers — a. Diurna, Hemeralopia. 
 
 ACINE'SIA, Adnefsis, Akine'sia, ImmohiV- 
 itaa,Q,mes, Reqmies, Reguie'tio,Esych'ia, Erem'- 
 ia, from o privative, and k irijir i s, ' mbtion,' kimu, 
 ' I move.' Eest. Immobility. Also, the in- 
 terval between the systole and diastole of the 
 \ea.Xi^-ParasystolB- 
 
 Under the term Acinesei', Remberg includes 
 the paralytic neuroses, or those that are cha- 
 racterized by defect of-motive power. 
 
 ACINI OF MALPIGHI, Corpora Malpighi- 
 
 ACINIFOHMIS (TUNICA) Choroid, Uvi^. 
 
 ACINUS, Ad'inus gldndndo'sus, from ad'- 
 inus, ' a grdpe-stone.' A. glamdiforiacorpusde 
 or granulation.' A fancied termination of a 
 secretory artery of a gland in a granular body, 
 in which the secretion is supposed to take place, 
 and the excretory radicle to arise. Acini are 
 the ghh'uli arteria!rum ter'mim, of Nichols. 
 The term ats"ini glandulo'si has also been given 
 to glands, which, like the pancreas,.are arranged 
 as it were in clusters. See Lobule. 
 
 ACIURGIA, Svygery, (operative.). 
 
 ACLEITROCARIHA, Gyanopafihy. 
 
 ACMAS'TICUS, from ok^ij, ' the top,' and 
 rram, 'I remain.' A fever whicji preserves an 
 equal degree of intensity tooughout its course. 
 It is also called lIomot'on:os. The Greeks gave 
 it the name of Epacmas'tieos, and Syn'oehei, 
 when it went on increasing, — and Paracmas'ti- 
 cos, when it decreased. — G^len. 
 
 Acme, vigor, Cor'yphS, Cttlmina tio, Status^ 
 Fastig"ium.-' The period of a disease at which 
 the symptoms are most violent. Ag;fi;, is 'the 
 commencement;' arst|!»ffi5, 'the period of in- 
 crease;' and axfiti, ' the height.' 
 
 ACMON, Incus. 
 
 ACNE, Acna,Ion'thus varus ^arus,PsyArd~ 
 da Acne, Stone Poch, WhdJc, Buhude, (F.) 
 Dartre pustuleuse dissemdnie.' ,A small pim- 
 ple or tubercle on the face. — -Gorraeus. Foesius 
 thinks the^ord ought to he Acme, and, accord- 
 ing to Cassins, it is, at all events, derived from 
 axiu i;, ' vigour ;' the disease aflTecting those in the 
 vigour of life, especially. 
 
 Willan and Bateman have adopted the term 
 in their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and 
 placed it in the Order, Tjjberctjla. Acne, 
 with them, is an eruption of distinct, hard, in- 
 flamed tubercles, sometimes continuing for a 
 considerable length of time, and sometimes sup- 
 purating slowly and partially. They usually 
 appear on the forehead, temples and chin ; and 
 are common to both sexes ; but the most severe 
 forms are seen in young men. They require 
 but little management, and consist of four vari- 
 eties ; Acne indurdta, A. sim/pUg:, {Haplodcni^ 
 A. punctata [Ion' thus varus puncta'tus, Puno- 
 ta wMco'sce, Comedo'nes or Maggot Pimple,) and 
 A. rosa'cea. — See Gutta Rosea. 
 
 Acne Rosacea, Gutta rosea— a. of the Throat, 
 Pharyngitis, follicular. 
 
 ACNES'TIS, from a privative, and xvanr, 'to 
 scratch.' The part of the spine which extendsj 
 in quadrupeds,, from between the shouldets to 
 the loins. According to Pollux, the middle of 
 the loins. The vertebral column. 
 
 ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum, 
 , ACOE, Audition, Ear. 
 
 ACCE'LIOS, from o privative, and xoata, 
 
ACOEMBTJSR 
 
 21 
 
 ACRALEA 
 
 ' telly.' Bevoid of bpUy. One whp is so em 
 ciated as to appear to have no belly.. — Gralea. 
 ACOEM'ETER, Acoumeter. 
 ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter. 
 ACOENOSI, Aconusi. 
 ACOESIS, Audition. 
 ACOGNOSIA, Fharmacognosia. 
 ACOLASIA, Intemperance. 
 ACOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
 ACONE, M,ortar. 
 
 ACONITa GRANDS FLEXTBS, Aconitnm 
 cammarum-:-a. ScUzaaire, Aconitum anthorac 
 ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus. 
 ACONITE, Aconitum. 
 ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus. . 
 ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus. 
 ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus. 
 ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus. 
 ACONI'TUM, from Ae'one, a place in Billiy- 
 nia, where it is common. . CynoiftQnon, Par 
 daiian'ckesj Pa/rdalian' ohmn, Ca7iici'da, Ado- 
 nite. Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Nat, Ord. Ra- 
 nunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Tj-igynia. 
 AcoNiTun, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States, is the leaves of Aconitum 
 Napellus, and A. paniculatum. 
 
 Aconi'tum Am'thora. Aconi't;um Salutif- 
 erttm., An'thora vulga'ris, An'thora, Antith'or,a, 
 Sal'iitary Monkshood, Wholesome Wolfsbane, 
 Yellow helmet Jlower, (F.) Aconit salutaire. 
 The root of this variety, like all the rest, is 
 poisonous. It is used as a cathartic and anthel- 
 mintic. Dose 9ss to 9j. 
 
 Aooni'tum.'Cam'maiium, a. panicula'twrn, (F.) 
 Aconit h grands fleurs, resembles Aconitum 
 Napellus in properties. 
 
 Aconi'tum Napel'lus, iVapeWw* nerKs, Aco- 
 nd'twm, Common Monkshood or Wolfsbane, A. 
 NeomorUa'mtm.. (F.) Chaperon de Moine, The 
 leaves are narcotic, sudorifiq, and deobstrucnt(?) 
 They have been used in chronic rheumatism, 
 scrofula, scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosi8,&c. The 
 active principle is called Aeonit^ia, Aceniti'na, 
 Aeoni'ta, Aconit'ium or Acon'itine. It has been 
 us?d of late, applied externally, iauieuralgic 
 cases, iatraleptically and endermicaUy. Dose 
 of the Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij. 
 
 Aconitum Neom-owtakum, A. napellus — a. 
 Paniculatum, A. cammarum. — a. Salutiferum, 
 A. anthora. 
 
 ACONTJ'SI, Acoen'osi, Aeoon'osi, from oue'ri, 
 'audition,^ and vova-of, 'disease.' Morbi au'- 
 ritim et audi'tiis. Diseases of the ears and au- 
 dition. , 
 ACOOiVOSI, Aconusi. 
 AC'OPIS. . Same etymon as the next. Pliny 
 gives this name to a precious stone, which was 
 boiled in oil and used against weariness. 
 
 ACOPON, from a privative, and xsa-cg, 'wea- 
 riness.' A remedy against weariness — Foesius, 
 GorrsBUS, &c, Ac'opum, — Celsus, Pliny. See 
 Anagyris. 
 ACOPRIA, Constipation. 
 ACOPROSIS, Constipation. 
 ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin— a. Boraci 
 ous, sBoracic acid — a. Succineus, Svtecinic acid 
 — a. Sulphuris,, Sulphuric acid-^a. Tartaricus, 
 Tartaric acid. 
 
 AC ORE BATARD, Iris pseudacorus— a. 
 Fanx, Iris pseudacoru?-:-a. Odoramt, Acorus 
 calamus. 
 
 ACORES, Acids and Acidities. 
 
 ACOR'IA, from a privative, and )ctj»co, 'I 
 
 satiate.' An inordinate pr canine appetite. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorus.— 
 Dioscorides, 
 
 ACOR'MUS, from « privative, and xog/ttot, 
 'trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk, — Gurlt, 
 ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanear-a. 
 Oily, Guilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus 
 castanea. 
 ACORNS. See Quercus alba. 
 ACORUS ADULTERINUS,Iris pseudacorus. 
 Ao'oaus Cal'amus. A. Verus, Cal'amus Aro- 
 mat'icus, C. Odora'tus, Cal'amus vulga'ris, Ty- 
 pha Aromat'ica, Acorus 3razilien'ais, Clava 
 Rugo'sa, Sweetjlag 01 Aiiorus; Flagroot, Sweet 
 cane. Myrtle Fiag^ Sweet grasi. Sweet root, . 
 Sweet rush. (F.) Jone Roseau ou Canrie aro- 
 matique, Acore odarant. Nat, Ord. Aroideae; 
 Acoraceae. (Lindley.) Sex. Syst, Hexandria 
 Monpgynia. The rhizomah~Co/'a«M.s (Ph.U. S.) 
 — is stomachic and carminative^ but is rarely 
 used. It is regarded as a good'adjuvaut to bark 
 and quinia in intermittents. 
 
 Ao'oE.us Paltjsteis, Iris pseudacprus — a. Vul- 
 garis, Iris pseudacorus, ' 
 
 ACOS, Medicament. 
 
 ACOS'MIA, from a privative, and xoffyKos, 
 ' order, ornament' Disorder, irregularity in 
 the critical days, according to Galen, who uses 
 the word no^'ftcg for regularity in those days. 
 Others, and particularly Pollux, call bald per- 
 sons uxoa/iot, because they are deprived of one 
 of their most beautiful ornaments. 
 
 ACOUM'ETER, Acouom'eter, Acoem'eter, 
 Acoem'etrnm,Acu'meter,Acusim'eter,(l?.)Acou- 
 mitre, from axbuo', ' I hear,' and ^sigbr, ' mea- 
 sure.' An instrument designed by M. Itard for 
 measuring the degree of hearing. 
 
 ACOUMATRE, Acoumeter. 
 
 ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from «ou(o, <1 
 hear,' and ^avt], 'voice,' "Aus'cultatory Percus'- 
 sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the 
 observer places his ear on the chest, and analy- 
 zes the sound produced by percussion. — DonnS. 
 
 ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved 
 sense of hearing. 
 
 ACptrS'TIC, Acus'ticus. That which be- 
 longs to the ear ; as Acoustic nerve. Acoustic 
 trumpet, Sfc. 
 
 AooDSTic Medicine is one used in diseased 
 audition. 
 
 AcoVs'tics, Acus'tica. (F .) Acoustipte. The 
 part of physics which treats of the theory of 
 sounds. It is also called Phonics, 
 
 ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustics. 
 
 ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua, Binellii— a. Broc- 
 chieri. Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqua 
 Binellii— a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a. 
 della TofFana, Liquor arsenicalis, 
 
 ACQUETTA, Liquor arsenicalis; 
 
 ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 thermal sulphureous springs are in Pigment. 
 Their temperature is 167° Fahr.j and they Con- 
 tain sulphohydric acid, and chlofide of sodium. 
 
 ACQUIRED DISEASES, MorU acguisi'ti, 
 Adve7ititious diseases, M. Adventi'tii, M. epic- 
 te'ti. (F.) Maladies acquises. Diseases which 
 occur after birth, and which are not dependent 
 upon hereditary predisposition. 
 
 ACRAI'PALA, from « privative, and xyai- 
 nalrj, 'drunkenness.' Remedies against the ef- 
 fects of a debauch. — GorriEUS. 
 
 ACRA'LEA, from a„a,(, ' extremity.' The 
 
ACRANIA 
 
 ACROPSILON 
 
 extreme parts of the body, as the head, hands, 
 feet, nose, ears, &c. — Hippocrates sind (Jalen. 
 See ji&crea. 
 
 ACRA'NIA, from a privative, and xjanov, 
 • the cranium.' Want of crailium, wholly, or in 
 part. 
 
 ACEAS SAPOTA, Achras sapota,, Sapota. 
 ACRA'SIA, from a privative, or 'bad,' and 
 xgao-is, 'mixture.' Intemperance. Excess' of 
 any kind. — Hippocrates. 
 
 It has been employed to denote debility, sy- 
 nonymously With Acratia; but this may have 
 been a typographical inaccuracy. 
 
 ACRATI'A, from a privative, and ksbtos, 
 'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting.' 
 
 ACRATIS'MA, from a privative, and usqat- 
 itu^i, ' to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of bread 
 steeped in wine, not mixed with water, — 
 Galen, Athenaeus. 
 
 ACRATOM'ELI,from'«*gaTi!>;, 'pure wine,' 
 and fitxi, ' honey.' Wine mixed with honey. 
 
 ACRATOPOS'IA, from Aoratwm, and noals, 
 ''drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed 
 wine. ' 
 
 A'CRATUM, axQarov, from a privati-ve, and 
 xoaTos, ' strength.' Unmixed wine, — Acrapum 
 vinwm, Yinwm tnerum, i 
 
 ACRATURE'SIS, fiom 4eratia, ' weakness,' 
 and ougov, ' urine.' Inability to void the urine 
 from, paralysis of the bladder. 
 
 ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose. 
 
 A'CREA, Acroie'ria,, fiom oiigc5,.'the sum- 
 mit.' The extreme parts of the body, as the 
 feet, hands, ears, &c. 
 
 Also the extreme parts of animals that are 
 used as food. Acrocb'Ha, 
 
 ACRID, f^,m axgog, 'a point or summit,' or 
 from 0K15, ' a point,' Acer. An epithet for sub- 
 stances which occasion a disagreeable sense of 
 irritation or of constriction at the top x)f the 
 throat. 
 
 Acrid heat, (F.) ChaUur.&cre, is one that 
 causes a hot tingling sensation at the extremi- 
 ties of the fingers. 
 
 AcEiD Poison, See Poison. 
 
 AcBiDS,.in Pathology, are certain imaginary 
 substances, supposed by the humourists to exist 
 in the humours, and to cause various diseases. 
 See Acrimony. 
 
 ACRIDOPH'AGI, from oxg.s, ' a locust,' and 
 ^ayw, ' I eat.' Locust-eaters, Acridophagous 
 tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo. 
 
 ACRIMONY, Acu'itas, Acrimo'nia, from 
 mcer, ' acrid,' ams, ' a point.' Acrimony of the 
 humours. An imaginary acrid change of the 
 blood, lymph, &c., which, by the humourists, 
 ■was conceived to cause many diseases. 
 
 ACRIN'IA, from « privative, and xgn-w, ' I 
 separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a 
 total suspension, of the secretions. 
 
 ACRIS, a sharp bony prominence. Also the 
 locust. I 
 
 ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis, from a privative, and 
 xQia-if, 'judgment.' A condition of disease, in 
 which no judgment can be formed; or in which 
 an unfavourable opinion must be given. — Hipp, 
 and Galen. > 
 
 ACRISIS, Acrisia. 
 
 ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritDs, from a priva;tive, 
 and ig loi s, ' judgment.' That which takes place 
 without any crisis, or which does not foretell a 
 crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, &c. 
 lACRITOS, Acritical. 
 
 ACRIVIOLA, Tropaeolum majus. 
 
 ACROAMA, Audition. 
 
 ACROASIS, Audition. 
 
 ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia, from awgof, 
 'top,' and (Suii), 'I cover.' The extremity of 
 the prepuce. — Hippocrates. Rufus. 
 
 ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir' on, from 
 Kxjot, ' extremity,' and ;fsig, 'the hand.' The 
 fore arm and hand. Gorraeus. Also, the hand. 
 
 ACROCHOR'DON, from aitgos, 'extremity,' 
 and %aQSii, ' a string.' A tumour, which hangs 
 by a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ea 
 pens' His. — Aetius, Celsus. 
 
 ACROCHORIS'MUS, from anqo^y 'extre- 
 mity,' and ^oqtua, ' I dance.' A kind of dance, 
 with the ancients, in which the arlns and legs 
 were violently agitated. ' 
 
 ACROCOLIA, Acrea. 
 
 ACROCOLIUM, Acromion. 
 
 ACROD'RYA, from 0x505, ' extremity,' and 
 i^vs, ' a tree.' Autumnal ftuits, as nuts, ap- 
 ples, &c. 
 
 ACRODYN'IA, Erytke'ma acrod'ynwm, E. 
 acrodyn'ia, (F.) Acrodyrde; from aitgos, 'ex- 
 tremity,' and ilmii, ' paia' A painful affection 
 of the wrists and ankles especially, which ap- 
 peared at Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 
 1829. It was supposed by some to be rheuma- 
 tic, by others to be owing to spinal irritation. 
 
 ACROLENION, Olecranon. 
 
 ACROMASTIUJVt, Nipple. 
 
 ACROMIA, Acromion, 
 
 ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'Us. Relating to the 
 Acromibn.^(q. v.) r 
 
 AcKOMiAi, Ar'teet, External Seap'ular, A. 
 Arte'ria Thorac"ica humeral lis, Artire troisiimt 
 des JTioracigueSf — (Ch.) A. Thoracique htimi- 
 rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary, 
 artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis 
 minor. It divides into two branches : one, su- 
 perior ; the otheT, inferior, — the branches, of 
 which are distributed to the subclavius, serra- 
 tus major anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and 
 pectoralis major muscles, as well as to the 
 shoulder j^t, &c. They anastomose with th« 
 superior scapular, thoracic, and the circumflex 
 arteries. 
 
 Acromial Vein. Has the same arrangement 
 as the artery. 
 
 ACRO'MIO-CORACOIT)EUS. Belonging to 
 the acromion and coracoid process. 
 
 The triangular ligament between the acro- 
 mion and coracoid process of the scapula is so 
 called. 
 
 ACRO'MION, Aero'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'- 
 mis, from 011505, 'the top,' and m.uog, ' the shoul- 
 der',' Os Acro'mii, Hu'merus stimmiis, Armus 
 summus, Mucro-hu'meri, Rostrum porci'nyrm. 
 Caput Scaj/ulce, Acroco'lium. The process 
 which terminates the spine of the scapula, and 
 is articulated with the clavicle. 
 
 ACROMIS, Acromion. 
 
 ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon. 
 
 ACROM'PHALON, Acrompha'lium, from 
 oxpoc, 'the top,' and oft^aUt, ' the navel.' The 
 extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains 
 attached to the fcatus after birth. 
 
 ACROMYLE, Patella. 
 
 ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison. 
 
 A'CRONYX, from «xgo5, ' the summit,' and 
 ofuE, ' the nail.' Growing in of the nail. 
 
 AGROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia. 
 
 ACROPSI'LON, from oxjoj, 'extremity,' 
 
ACRORIA 
 
 23 
 
 ACYTERIUS 
 
 and ipdos, ' naked.' The extremity of the glans 
 penis. 
 ACRORIA, Vertex. 
 
 ACRORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus extre- 
 mita'tum, from axjof , ' extremity,' and ^ivtta, 
 'defluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the 
 extremities. 
 
 AGROS, oKjof, 'extremity, top.' The 
 strengtli pf the AlJiletae, and of diseases ; the 
 ^eminences of bones : the extremities of the 
 fingers, &c. See Acrocheir, Acromion, &c. 
 ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity. • 
 ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus. ^ 
 ACROTERIAS'MUS, Aeroteri'asis, from 
 «(K{0Ti)5ia, 'the extremities ;' hence ixjiTijgio- 
 Lsiv, 'to mutilate.' Amputation of the extre- 
 mities. 
 
 ACROTHYM'ION, from axgo«, 'top,' and 
 Svfiov, ' thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, 
 bloody wart, compared by Celsus to the flower 
 <rf thyme. 
 
 ACROT'ICA, from ok{o;, 'summit' Dis- 
 eases affecting the excernent functions of the 
 external surface of the body. 
 
 Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that open 
 on the external surface ; without fever or other 
 internal affection as a necessary accompani- 
 ment 
 
 The 3d order of the class Eccrit'iea of Good. 
 ACROTISMUS, A,sphyxia. 
 ACT, Actus, fiomactiim,-psist participle of 
 agere, 'to do,' 'a thing done.' The effective 
 exercise of a power c^r faculty. The action of 
 an agent. Acte is used by the French, to' signi- 
 fy the public discussion, which occurs in sup- 
 porting a thesis : — ^thus, soutemir un Aete amx 
 Amies de Midicina, is, ' to defend a Thesis in 
 the Schools of Medicine.' 
 
 ACTiE'A RACEMO'SA, Cvmicifuga, (Ph. 
 U. S.) C racevw' sa. Macro' try s rac&mo* sa, 
 Bot'rophis Serpenta'ria(?) Serptnte^ria nigra, 
 Black snakeroot, Richweed, Cohosh, Squaw 
 root, Rattleweed, Black Cohosh. (F,) Actee d 
 grappes, Serpentaire noire. Nat. Ord. Ra- 
 nunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandriat Pentagy- 
 nia. A common plant in the United States. 
 The root is astringent; and, according to Bar- 
 ton, has been successfully used, in the form of 
 decoction, as a gargle in putrid sore throat A 
 decoction of the root cures the itch. It is acro- 
 narcotic, and has been used in rheumatism, acute 
 and chronic ; chorea, &c. 
 
 Act^'a Spica'ta,' Bcmeherry, fieri' Chris' to- 
 pk?r. (F.) Herbe St. Christophe: A perennial 
 herbaceous European plant, the toot of which 
 resembles that of the black hellebore. The 
 root is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in 
 overdoses may produce dangerous consequences. 
 Actce'a Americafna, of which there are two va- 
 rieties, A. alba and A.,rubra,-^zehite and red 
 r.aliosh, is indigenous in the United States. It 
 has the same properties as A. spicata. 
 ACTE, Sambucus. 
 ACTB, Act. 
 
 AGTAE a GRAPPES, Actsea racemosa. 
 ACTIF, Active. 
 ACTIO, Action, Function. 
 ACTION, Ac'tio,Operaftio,Energi'a,Praxis: 
 from agere, actum, 'to act.' Mode in which 
 one object influences another. 
 
 The animal actions are those that occur in 
 the animal body: the ■ vital, those that are es- 
 sential to life : the physiological i those of a 
 
 healthy character : the pathological, or morlifie, 
 those that occur in disease, &c. The ancients 
 divided the physiological actions voXo vital, ani- 
 tnal, natural, sexual, particular, general, &c. 
 See Function. 
 ACTIONES NATURAI.es, see Function. 
 ACTIVE, same etymon. Dras'ticus, Acti'- 
 vus, Sthen'icus, Hyper sthen'icus. (F.) Actif. 
 This adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey 
 the idea of superabundant energy or strength. 
 Active symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement. 
 In Therapeutics, it signifles energetic : — as, an 
 active treatment. The French use the expres- 
 sion Midecine agissante, in contradistinction to 
 ]^<!decine expectance. In Phjpology, activ» 
 has a similar signification, many of the func- 
 tions .being divided into active and passive. 
 
 ACTON. A village near Londoja, at which 
 there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at 
 Epsom, 
 
 ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That 
 which acts immediately. A term usually re- 
 stricted to the red hot iron, or to heat in any 
 form ; in contradistinction to the potential or vir- 
 tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics. 
 
 ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity 
 given to the Byzantine physicians. ' 
 
 ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
 
 ACUITAS, Acrimony. 
 
 ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter. 
 
 ACUMETER, Acoumeter. 
 
 A'CUPUNCTURE,^cK^mc*»Va,from3<!a*, 
 'a needle,' and punetura, 'a puncture.' A 
 surgical operation, much in use amongst the 
 Chinese and Japanese, which consists in punc- 
 turing parts with a very fine needle. It has 
 been employed, of late years, in obstinate rheu- 
 matic affections, &c., and apparently with suc- 
 cess. Acupuncture is likewise a mode of in- 
 fanticide in some countries; the needle being 
 forced into the brain through the fontanelles, 
 or into the spinal marrow, &c. 
 
 ACURGIA, Surgery (operative.) 
 
 ACUS, Needle — a. Capitata, Pin,— a. Inva- 
 ginata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see Needle 
 — a. Paraoentica, Trocar — a. Paracentetica, 
 Trocai — a. Triquetra vulgaris. Trocar — a. Ve- 
 neris, Eryngium campestre. , 
 
 ACUSIMETER,- Acoumeter. 
 
 ACUSIS,' Audition. 
 
 ACUSTICA, Acoustics. 
 
 ACUSTICUS, Auditory. 
 
 ACUTE, Acu'tus, 5?us, (oki;, 'a point.') (F.) 
 Aigu. A disease which, with a certain degree 
 of severity, has a rapid progress, and short du- 
 ration, is said to be "acute." — Oxynose'ma, 
 Oxyn'osos,-0xynu'so&. 
 
 Diseases were formerly subdivided into Mor- 
 hi acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last 
 only three or four days: M. subacutis'simi, 
 which continue seven days : and i)f, subacu'ti, 
 or those which last from twenty to forty days. 
 
 The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, 
 when applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means 
 
 ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille. 
 
 ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from « privative, xu«- 
 vog, 'blue,' and fiKcTim, 'I see.' Defective 
 vision, which consists in incapability of distin- 
 guishing blue. — Gothe. 
 
 ACYESIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 AdYRUS, Arnica montana. 
 
 ACYTERIUS, Abortive. 
 
ADACA 
 
 24 
 
 ADELFHIXIA 
 
 ADACA. The Spharam'thMs In'dietis; a 
 Halabai plant, which is acrid and aromatic. 
 
 ADAC'RYA, from o pfivative, and Joiigoa, 
 ' I weep.' Defective secretion of tears. 
 ADiEMONIA, Anxiety. 
 ADAKO'DIEN. A . Malabar plant of the 
 family ApocyneEe, used in that comitry in dis- 
 eases of the eyes. 
 
 AD'ALI, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which 
 the Orientals regard as aij antidote to the bite 
 of the naja, 
 I ADAMAS, Diamant. 
 
 ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, 
 white calculus. — Paracelsus. 
 
 The first wo^d has been used for stone in the 
 bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calcu- 
 lous condition. , 
 ADAM'S APPLE; Pomum Adami. 
 ADANSONIA DIGIT AT A, Baobab. 
 ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis. A concre- 
 tion found about the reeds and grass in the 
 marsl^y regions of Gralatia, and hiding them, as 
 it were : hence the name, from a privative, and 
 ief xiu, ' I see.' It was formerly in repute for 
 cleansing the skin from freckles, &c. 
 ADARIGO, Orpiment. 
 .ADARNECH, Orpiment. 
 ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia. ' 
 AD CUTEM ABDOMINIS (ARTERIA.) 
 The superJicicU artery of the abdomen^ — a branch 
 of the crural or femoral, which arises at the 
 lower part of Poupart's ligament and ascends 
 towards the umbilicus, being distributed to the 
 integuments. 
 
 ADDAD. A Numidian plant. Bitter and 
 poisonous. 
 
 ADDEPHAG"IA, Adephag"ia, from aiit^v, 
 ' much,' and tfayuv, ' to eat.' Voraciousness. 
 Galen and Hoffman have given this name to 
 voracious 'appetite in children affected ,with 
 worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also, 
 the goddess of gluttony. 
 
 ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulga- 
 tum. 
 
 ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used 
 synonymously with Epiphysis, q. v. It is now 
 restricted to the projpngation of two cranial 
 sutures, the lambdoidal and squamous. 
 
 Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis 
 caeci — a. Necatum, Olecranon — a. ad Sacrolum- 
 balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnae. 
 Olecranon — a. Ulnae, Radius. 
 ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. 
 ADDTJCTEtTR DE i'ffiiX, Rectus inter- 
 nus oculi — a. du Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis 
 pedis — a. Premier ou moyen. Adductor longus 
 femoris — a. du Pouce, Adductor pollicis manus 
 — a. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi- 
 sieme ou grand. Adductor magnus. 
 
 ADDUCTION, Addac'tio, from ad, 'to,' 
 andi^Mcere, 'to draw.' Faragogl. The action 
 by which parts are drawn towards the axis of 
 the body. 
 
 The muscles which execute this function are 
 called Ailduc'tors. 
 
 ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos- 
 terior medii digit! pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus in- 
 ternus o'feuli. 
 
 Adbdo'tor Metac ar'pi min'imi Die"iTi, Me- 
 tacar'peus, Car'po-metacar'peus min'imi dig"iti, 
 is situate between the adductor ^nd flexor, next 
 to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from 
 the unciform process of the os unciforme, and 
 
 from the contiguous part of the annular liga- 
 ment of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous 
 and fleshy, into the fore-part of the metacarpal 
 ;bone of the little finger, from its base to its head. 
 
 Adduc'tok. Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'lieis, A. 
 \ad min'iTnum dig''itum, Metaceer'po-pha^n'ge- 
 us poVlids — (Ch.) (F.) Adducteur dupouce, A 
 muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the 
 whole length of the metacarpal bone of the 
 middle finger, and is inserted into the inner part 
 of the root of the first bone of the thimib. ■ 
 
 Addtjo'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, 
 Metatar'so-suhphalan'gtus pollicis. -(^Ch,)' Tar- 
 so~7nstatarsi-phalangien du pouce-, (F.) Ad- 
 ducteur du gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin 
 tendon, from the under part of the os calcis, 
 from the os cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, 
 and from the root of the inetatarsal bone of the 
 second toe. It is divided into two fleshy por- 
 tions, and is inserted into the external sesamoid 
 bone, and root of the metatarsal bone of ths 
 great toe. 
 
 Bichat has given the general narpe, Addue'r 
 tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the 
 hand or foot, which perform the action of ad- 
 duction. 
 
 Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii 
 digiti pedis. 
 
 Adductors of the thigh. These are three 
 in number, whiih have, by sdme anatomists, 
 been united into one muscle — the Triceps Ad- 
 duc'tor FcTnloris, 
 
 1 . Addue'tor longus femoris, Addudtor fem'- 
 oris primus. Triceps ''tminor, Pu'hio-feTnordlis. 
 — (Ch.) (F.) Premier ou •moyen adducteur. 
 Arises by a strong tendon from the upper and 
 fore part of the os pubis and ligament of the 
 symphysis, at the inner side of the pectinalis. 
 It runs downwards and outwards, and is insert- 
 ed by a broad, flat tendon, into, the middle of 
 the linea aspera. 
 
 2. Adductor brevis, A. fertioris secun'diis, 
 Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis. — (Ch.) 
 (F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. ~ Arises tendi- 
 nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym- 
 physis, below and .behind the last muscle. It 
 runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a 
 short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part 
 of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro- 
 chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion 
 of the adductor longus. 
 
 3. Addue'tor magnus, Adductor fern! oris 
 ter'tius et quartuj. Triceps magnus, Is'chio- 
 femora'lis — (Gh.) (F.) Troisihme ou grand 
 adducteur, 'is. much larger than either of the 
 others'. It arises from the ramus of the pubis, 
 from that of the ischium, and from the tuber 
 ischii, and is inserted into the whole" length of 
 the linea aspera. Near the lower part of the 
 linea aspera it is pierced by a kind of oblique, 
 fibrous canal, through which the crural artery 
 and vein pass. 
 
 ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus. 
 
 ADECTA, Sedatives. 
 
 ADELIPARIA, Polysar<?ia. 
 
 ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant, 
 used in asthma, catarrh, and gout. 
 
 ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia. 
 
 ADELPHIX'IA, Adelphix'is ; from a.SiX^ot, 
 'brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or 
 disease. Frater'm,tas,Fratra'.tio. Hippocrates 
 used the epithet Adel'phia, for diseasesi that re- 
 semble each other. 
 
ADELPrnXIS 
 
 S5 
 
 ADIANTUM ALBUM 
 
 ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy. 
 ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia. 
 ADEN, oJip, 'a gland;' hence Adinalgia, 
 Adeniform,hc. — See Gland. 
 
 ADENAL'GIA, Adenbdyn'ia, from aSrpi, 'a 
 gland,' and st^yoq, ' pain.' Glandular pain.. 
 
 ADENECTOP'IA, frbm tti.jr, ' a gland,' ^nd 
 exTOTTos, ' removed from its place.' Dislocation 
 of a gland. ^ . ■ 
 
 ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from aS^v, ' a gland,' 
 andE|U9goiis, ' obstruction.' Glandular ohstruc- 
 tion. 
 
 ADEN'IFORM, Ademform'is, AdenoVdes, 
 Adenoid, from Aden, ' a glan,d,' ,and Forma, , 
 'form or resemhlance.' Glandiform, or re- 
 sembling a gland. ... 
 
 AJdInITE LYMPHATiqUE, Lymph- 
 adenitis. 
 
 ADENI'TIS, from aSy, 'a gland,' and ipis, 
 a termination den6ting inflammation'. Fhleg- 
 ma'siot ^adeno'sa seu glandtdo'sa. Glandular in- 
 flammation. 
 
 ApENiTis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis. 
 
 Adeni'tis Mesenteb'ica, Mesinter'ic Gan-, 
 glioni'tis. Inflammation of the . mesenteric 
 glands. 
 
 Adenitis PALPKBRARTjaf Contagiosa, see 
 Ophthalmia. 
 
 -ADEN0CfflRAPSOL0G"IA, from oiij., 'a 
 gland,' ^Eig, 'the hand,' anxmy ' I lay hold of,' 
 and iloyo;, 'a description.' The doctrine of 
 curing scrofula or the king's evil by the royal 
 touch. ■ , 
 
 ADENOCHON'DRIUS,from ah,v, ' a gland,' 
 and jfov^gof, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland 
 and cartilage, — for example, Arthrophy'ma ade- 
 itoehon' dritun, a tumefaction of the glands and 
 cartilages of joint?. < 
 
 ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia. 
 
 ADENOGRAPHY, , Adenogra'phia, from 
 atriv, 'a gland,' and ygu^a, 'I describe.' That 
 part of anatomy which describes the glands. 
 
 ADENOID, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOIDES, Adeniform. 
 
 ADENOL'OGY, Adenolo^'ia, from a^nv, ' a 
 gland,' and ioyos,- 'a description.' A treatise 
 on the glands. 
 
 ADENOMALA'eiA, from a«,,r, 'a%land,' 
 and uttXaxia, ' softening.' Mollescence or soft- 
 ening of a gland. ' 
 
 ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Eever, adeno- 
 meningeal. 
 
 ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. 
 
 ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEITS, from aS^, 'a 
 ^and,' and qia-ivyi, ' the pharynx.' Some fleshy 
 fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyn- 
 gis iirferior to the thyroid gland, have received 
 this name. Their existence is not constant. 
 
 ADE'NO.PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon. 
 Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. 
 
 ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 
 ADENQPHY'M A, Adenon'cus, Adenonco'sis, 
 from aJijr, 'a gland,' and tfvfia, 'a swelling.' 
 Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion. 
 (F.) Glandage. Adenophyma is used by some 
 to signify a soft glandular, swelling ; — Adenon- 
 CKs, one of a harder character. — Krau's. 
 
 Adenophyma Inguinalis. Bubo. 
 
 ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosdero'sis, from 
 q.ir(t, ' a gland,' and axippoc, ' induration.' Scir- 
 rhous induration of a gland. 
 
 ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus. 
 3 
 
 ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula. 
 ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus.) A hard, glan- 
 dular abscess, vifhich suppurates slowly. — M. 
 A. Severinus. 
 
 ATHE,NOT'OM.Y,Adenotom'ia,fiomaStiv, 'a 
 gland,' and Te/trcu, 'I cut.' Dissection of the 
 glands. 
 ADEPHAGIAjAddephagia, Bojilimia. 
 ADEPS, Adeps Suilla, Ox^n'giwm, Fingue'- 
 do. Pig's flare. The fat of the hog.' In the 
 Ph. U. S. the prepared fat oi Sus scrofa,diee 
 from saline matter. ' 
 
 AdepS Ansebi'na, Adeps an'siris or Goose 
 grease, (E.) Grdis'se d'Oie,- is emollient. It 
 has been used as an emetic. ■ ^ . 
 
 . Adeps Cantharidibus MEDiOiVTus, Unguen- 
 tum lyttae medicatum — a. Cortice Daphnes ghi- 
 dii medicatus, ' tl^nguentlim epispasticum de 
 Daphne gnidio — a. Humanus, Liquamumia — a. 
 Hydrargyiro medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri 
 — a. ex -Hydrargyro miti'us dictum cinereum, 
 Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — a. Hy- 
 drargyri muriate oxygenato medicatus, Unguen- 
 tum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum 
 — a. Hydrargyri nitrate medicatus, 'Unguentum 
 hydrargyri uitratis — a, Hydrargyri pxido rubro 
 et plumbi acetate^ medicatus, XJnguentum oph- 
 thalmicum — a. Lauro medicatus, Uiiguentum 
 lauriniim — a.Ovilli, SeVum — a, Papavere, hy- 
 oscyamo, et belladonnei medicatus, Ungueiitum 
 populeum — a. Sulfure et ammoniae muriate me- 
 dicatus, Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem^ 
 a. Sulfure et carbonate potassae medicatus, Un- 
 guentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — 
 a.' Tartaro s^ibii medicatus, Unguentum anti- 
 monii tartarizati — a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Un- 
 guentum oxidi iinci impuri. 
 
 Adeps .PrMtara'ta, Hog's lard, Barrow's 
 greas^^Lard, Aayufige, Axv/n'gia, Adeps suiVla 
 prcepara'ta, A. pra^para'ta^ Axun'gia jporci'na) 
 (F.) Graisse de Pole, Saindo.ux, is prepared by 
 melting pig's flare, and gaining it. This is 
 called rendering the lard. Lard is emollient, 
 but is chiefly used' for forming ointments and 
 plasters. 
 
 ADEPT, Alchymist. 
 
 ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which 
 treated of diseases contracted by cejes'tial ope- 
 rations, or communicated from heaven. 
 Adepta PaiLosoPHiA; Alchymy. , 
 ADFLATUS, Afflatus. 
 ADH.ERENTIA, Adherence. 
 ADHiESIO, Adherencre. 
 ADHATO'DA, Justid'ia. adhato'da. The 
 Malabar Nut Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon. 
 Used in India for expelling the dead fcetus in 
 abdrtioh. The vpord is said to convey this 
 meaning in the Ceylonese. 
 
 AX)iiE'R'ET^CE,Adhe'sion,Adh<eren'tia,Con- 
 ere'tio, 'Atre*sid, Fros'ph-^sis, Froscglle' sis , Ad' 
 hi^sio, from adharere, {ad and harere^ ' to 
 ptick to.' These words are usually employed 
 synonynlously. The French often use adhe- 
 rence for the state of union, and adhesion for 
 the act of stdhering. 
 
 ADHESION, Adherence. 
 ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMATIOiV is that in- 
 flammation which terminates by an adhesion 
 between inflained and separated surfaces. 
 
 Adhe'sive is also an. epithet for certain plas- 
 ters, which stick closely to the skin. 
 
 ADIANTUM ALBUM, Asplenium ruta mu- 
 raria — a Aurcum, Polytrichiun. 
 
ADIAPHOROBIS 36 
 
 Adian'tum Capii.'uis Ven'eius, from a, pri- 
 vative, and itaira, 'to grow wet,' from the 
 leaves not being easily moistened. Maiden 
 hair. Nat. Ord. Filices.- Sex. Syst. Crypto^ 
 gptnia Filices. (F.) Capillaire de MbntpelUer, 
 A European plant; of feeble, aromatic and de- 
 mulcent properties. It is used for forming the 
 Strop de Capillaire or Capillaire. 
 
 Adiajn'tcm Peda'tubt, A. Canadenfsl, Ca- 
 pil'lus Canaden'sis, Serba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'- 
 eris, Canada Maidenhair, American Maiden- 
 hair, Rqclefern, Sweetfern, l[F ,) CapUlaire du 
 Canada, has the same properties Cajrillaire 
 was once made from this. 
 
 Adiantum Rubrum, Asplenium. trichoma- 
 noides. 
 
 ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, 
 ptivative, Sia, 'through,' a!nd ^ojos,-'a pore.' 
 Defeat or suppression of perspiration, Adiap- 
 neus^tia. , ' 
 
 ADI APH'OROTTS, Adiaph'orus, Indiff'erens, 
 Neutral. A medicine wluch will neither do 
 harm nor good. 
 
 ADIAPNEIJSTIA, ' Adiaphdrosis. 
 
 ADIARRHCE'A, froiii a, privative, and iia^- 
 (niv, ' to flow.' Retention of £lny excretion. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ADICE„Urtifia. 
 
 ADIPATUS, Fatty. . ' 
 
 ADIPEUX, Adij^ose. 
 
 ADIPOCERA, Adipo'cire — a. Cetosa,- Geta- 
 ceum. 
 
 AI)'IPOCIRE,Adipoe^ra,fTora.adeps,'iaX,' 
 and cera^ 'wax.' The base of biliary calquli, 
 called also Choi' esterine, (F.) Gras des Ca- 
 davres, Gras des Cimetiires. Also, a sort of 
 soap, formed from animal matter uiider certain 
 circumstances. The human body, when it has 
 been for some weeks in water, assumes this 
 appearance; and it has been a subject of Ifegal 
 inquiry, -what length of time is necessary, to 
 produce it. This must, of course, dppend Upon 
 various circumstances, as climate, season, Ikd 
 
 ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE, Cetaceum. 
 
 AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipovs, Adipo'sus-, from adeps, 
 'fat.' (F.) Adipeux.. That which relates to 
 fat — as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &Ci See 
 Fatty. . , , 
 
 Ad'ipose SAEcd'MA of Abernethy, \BirepAy'- 
 m,a sdrco'ma adipo'sum, is suetty throughout, 
 and enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed cel- 
 lular substance, connected by means of minute 
 vessels. It is chiefly found pn the fore and- 
 back parts of the trunk.' See Sarcoma. 
 
 ADIPOSIS. See Polys'arcia. 
 
 Adi?o'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis hepat'ica. 
 Fatty liver, Fibtty degeneration of the liver, 
 (F.) Degenerescence gtaisssuse du Foie. Fatty 
 disease of the liver. 
 
 ADIPOSUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIPOUS, Fatty. 
 
 ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis eapers. Absence of 
 thirst. 
 
 ADIFSON, from a, piVative, and Stxfia, 
 ' thirst' Any substance wliich relieves thirst. 
 Applied to a decoction of barley to which oxy- 
 rael was added. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ADIPSOS, i&lycyrrhiza. 
 
 AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach;' 
 from adere, aditwm, ' to go to.' Pros'odos. 
 The entrance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad 
 Aquad^rctwm Failopii-. 
 
 ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and'iJiuJitro, 
 
 ADrNAMIA 
 
 ' I run.' Unstrained -wine for pharmaceutical 
 purposes. — Gorrseus. 
 
 ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment. 
 
 ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur. 
 
 AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvans, from adjuvare, 
 'to aid.' A medicine, inftroduced into a pre- 
 scrAgtipn to aid the operation of the principal, 
 ingredient or basis. Also, whatisver assists in 
 the removal or prevention' of disease. 
 
 ADNA-SCENTIA, Prosphysis. 
 
 ADNATA (TUNICA^) Conjunctiva. ' 
 
 ADNiE {MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva. 
 
 ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescen'tia, Jwven'tus, 
 JBtas bona. Youth; from adoleseer'e {ad and 
 olescere) ' to grow;' /F.) Jeunesse. The period 
 between puberty and that at whicb the body 
 acquires its full developiiient; being, in man, 
 between the 14th and 95th year ; and, in woman, 
 between the 12th and 21st. 
 ' ApOLES'CENS,J'M'«eK»«, Kebe'tes,mbe'ter, 
 Hebe'tor. A yoiith. A ypung man in the period 
 of adolescence. ' 
 
 ADO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves, 
 put in odi, form a liriiment, used in facilitating 
 labour. 
 
 ADOR,, Zea mays. 
 
 ADORION, Daucus carota. 
 
 ADOTTCISSANT, Demulcent. 
 
 AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. , The weight of 
 the whole. In a prescription it means, that any 
 particular ingredient shall equal in weight the 
 whole of the others. , 
 
 ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitjs. 
 
 ADROBO'LON, from aSgog, 'great,'- and 
 fimXcg, 'mass.' The bdellium of India, which 
 IS in larger pieces than that of Arabia. 
 
 ADROS, a^eoe, 'plump, and full.' Applied 
 to the habit of body, aiid also to the pulse. — ^ 
 Hippocrates. , 
 
 ADSARIA PALA, DolichoS prnriensi '- . 
 
 ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration. 
 
 ADSTANS, Prostate. ' ' 
 
 ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate. 
 
 ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation. 
 
 ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADSTRINGJiNTIA, Astringents. 
 
 ADULAS'SO. The Justitia bivalvis. A 
 small shrub, used in India as a local applica- 
 tion in gout. 
 
 ADULT AGE, Andri'a, from adolescere, 'to 
 grow to,' {ad and olere, olitwm, 'to grow.'^ 
 Yiril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and 
 preceding old age. Adult, AduVtns, is' also 
 used for one in the adult age. 
 
 ADULTERATIO, Falsification. 
 
 ADUNC ATIO UNGUrUM, Onychogrypho- 
 sis I 
 
 ADURENS, Caustic. 
 
 ADURION, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 ADUST, Adus'iies, from itdiirtre, (ad and 
 urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were 
 formerly said to be adust, '«yhen there was much 
 heat in the constitution and but little serum in' 
 the blood. , 
 
 ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn. 
 
 ADUS'TION, Adus'tio. State of the body 
 described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies 
 cauterization. 
 
 ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired 
 diseases. 
 
 ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. 
 
 ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia; from a, priva- 
 tive, and I'uro^ie, 'sXien^\i,' Adyna'sia, Ady- 
 
ADYNAMIC 
 
 87 
 
 Aine. 
 
 na!tia. Considerable debility of the vital powers ; 
 as in typhus fever. Sonie Nosologists have a 
 class of diseases under the name Adynamia, 
 Ee'lyses, H^orbi asthen'icii \ 
 
 AiyNAMiA ViBiMs, Impotence. 
 
 ADYNAM'ICj Adynam'ieus, Hfpodynam>'ic, 
 Sypodynam'ic2is; same etymon. A'pfpertainidg 
 to debility of the vital powers. 
 
 ADYNASIA, Adynamia. 
 
 ADYNATI,A, Adynamia. 
 
 ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
 
 ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
 
 ADYNATOS,, Sickly. 
 
 .ffiDCEA, Genital organs. 
 
 .^DCE'AGRA, from mjoioij ' genital organs,' 
 and ayQa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals-. - 
 
 iEDCEACRAPHY, JEdaagraph'ia, from oi- 
 ttiA, 'organs of generation,'^ and ye«<fci), 'I de-' 
 scribe.' A description of the organs of genpratipn . 
 
 jEDCEAL'OGY, ^d<Balog"ia, from oi*oi«y 
 'the pudendum,' and xoyos, 'a description.' A 
 treatise on the organs o» generation. 
 
 ^DfEAT'OMY, Mdaatomlia, from mioia,, 
 ' the pudendum,' sind rt.uno, ' I cut.' Dissection, 
 of the parts of generation. 
 
 JEDQEI'TIS, Mdmoti'tis, ^Medei'tis; from 
 oifiia, ' genital organsj'' and itif, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the genital organs." 
 
 jEDCEOBLENORRHCEA, Leucorrhtea. , 
 
 .a:D(EODYN'IA, from aiSom, 'genital or- 
 gans,' and oiJunj, ' pain?' Pain in the- genitals. 
 Pudendagra (q. v.) - 
 
 iEDCEOGARGAI'trS, Masturbation, Nym- 
 pbomania. 
 
 ^aEDOEOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation, 
 , Nymphomania. 
 
 iEDCEOMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 iEDCEON, Inguen. ^ f 
 
 iEDCEOPSDPHESIS, .Sldteopsophia. 
 
 iEDffiOPSOPH'IA, JBdaopioph^ sis, from 
 mima, ' the pudendum,' and ifro<ftir, 'tp make 
 a noise.'' Emission of wind by the nrethra in 
 Hian, by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and, 
 Sagar.' 
 
 3i)<EOPsoPHiA Uteeina, Physometra. 
 
 iEDCEOTITIS, ^dcfiitis— s. Gangrenosa, 
 Colpocac'e — se. G^ngrsenosa pnellarum,- Colpo- 
 cace infantilis — ae.' Gangraenosa puerperamm, 
 Colpocace puerperamm. 
 
 jEDCPOT'OME, JSdaotom'ia; from aiiota, 
 'genital organs,', and to|K)ij; 'incision.' Ana- 
 tomy or dissection of the genitals. 
 
 jEDOPTOSIS,Hysterwptosis^K. Uteri, Pro- 
 lapsus uteri — 8B. Uteri inversa, Uteres, inv'er- 
 sion df the — ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio 
 uteri — ae. Vaginae, Prblapsris T.— ae. Tesicae, 
 Exodyste. 
 
 iEEIffLUCES, Aeig'luces, from an', 'al- 
 ways,' and yXvxiif, ' sweet.' - A kind of sweet 
 wine or must. — GorrEEUS. , ' 
 
 ^GAGROP'ILA, Mgagnrp'ili, from diya- 
 yfos, ' the rock goat,' and wiJof, ' hair,' Begoar 
 d'AUemagne^ Fila Dwma'ru'm seu Kupidtxpra'' 
 rum, A ball composed of hairs, found in the sto- 
 mach of the goat : once usedmedic-inally. Bezoar. 
 iEGEIROS, Populiis. 
 jEGER, Sick. , 
 
 ,^'GIAS, ^gis, JSglia, Mgides, from itik, 
 ' the goat';' why, is not known, fF.) Aige or 
 AigU. There* is dbscnrity. regarding the pre- 
 cise meaning of this word. It Was used to de- 
 signate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent 
 cornea.-^Hippocrates. 
 
 Maitre Jean u'ses it for a calcareous deposite 
 between the conjunctiva -and sclerotica. 
 
 .SGIDES, jiEgias. 
 
 .zE'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'iylops, from aij, 
 'goat,' andanf, 'the eye.' Ari^'ulcer at tilie 
 greater angle' of the eye, which sometimes does 
 not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others 
 doesy and constitutes fistula lachrymalis,.5^Ga- 
 len, Celsus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulusltf'-Slgi- 
 na, &c. 
 
 iEGI'RINON. An ointmfent of which the 
 fruit or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; 
 from aiytijos,- ' the blaek poplar.' 
 
 jEGLIA, ^gias. 
 
 jEGOCERAS, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 ^GOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammnla. 
 
 jEGONYCHON, Lithospermum oflicinale. 
 
 ^GOPHONIA, Egophony. 
 
 ^GOPHONICUS, Egophooic. 
 
 ^GOPODIUM PaDAGRARIA,Lignsticom 
 podagraria. , - " 
 
 .ffiGRIPPA, Agrippa. 
 
 ^GRITUDO, Disease— SB. Ventriculi, Yd. 
 miting. 
 
 ^GROTATIO, Disease. .' 
 
 ^GROTUS, Sick. 
 
 ^GYP'TIA. An epithet for several medi- 
 cines, mentioned by Galeo, Paulas of ,/Egina, 
 and Myrepsus. 
 
 JEaYF'TiA MoscHATA, Hibisctis abelmoschius. 
 
 ^gyp'tia Stypte'eia, AiYVTcTia arvmti^ia, 
 Egyptian alum. ^Recommended by Hippocr. 
 
 ^GTP'TIA Ul'oeea; .Mgypticmuleers. Ul- 
 cers of the fauces and tonsils, described by Are- 
 taens, as common in Egypt and Syriai." 
 
 iEGYPTIACUM, JEgyp'titm, Mende'sion^ 
 Mel JEgyptioiCum, Phar'macum JEgyptiaeumr 
 A preparation of vinegar, h«mey, and ver'digris^ 
 scarcely used- now, except by veterinary sur- 
 geons as a detergent. See Linimentum JErur 
 ginis. ^ 
 
 iEGYPTION, yEgyptiapum. 
 
 ^GYPTIUM MEDIC4.MENTUM AD 
 AUBES, Pharmacum ad airres. 
 
 iEGYP'TIUS PESSUS: Egyptian pessary . 
 A pessary, compospd of honey, turpentine, but- 
 ter, oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part ; 
 with sometimes a small quantity of verdigris. 
 
 AEICHRYSON, Sedurai. 
 
 MIVATSEIA, see Continent (disease.) 
 
 AEIPATHIA, see Ctjntinent (disease.) 
 
 ^MOPtO-ICA PASSIO, Hsmoptysis. 
 
 ^NEA, Catheter. 
 
 ^OLECTHYMA, Variola. 
 
 ,/EOLLION, Varicella. 
 
 ^OLLIUM, Varicella. 
 ^ON, aioiv. The entire age of a man from 
 birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. A Iso the 
 spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis. 
 JEONESIS, Fomentation. 
 ^ONION, Sedum. 
 
 jEO'RA, from aiw^sa, 'I suspend.' Gesta- 
 tion,' swinging. — Aetius, Celsus, &c. 
 ' yEQUAtIS, Equal. 
 
 ^QUA'TOR OC'ULi. The line formed by 
 the union of the upper and under eyelid, when 
 they aire closed. It is below the middle of the 
 globe. 
 JEQUIVOeUS, Equivocal. 
 AER, Air. 
 
 AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Hjematosis. 
 AERATUS, Carbonated. 
 A&Bi, Carbonated. 
 
^REOLUM 3 
 
 ^REOLUM, JEreolus, Chalchus. The sixth 
 part of an obolus by weight, consequently about 
 2 grains. 
 
 jE'RESIS, oijefo-is, ' the removal of any thing.' 
 A suffix denoting a removal 'or separation, as 
 Apharisis, DicerSsis, &c. 
 
 AERGIA, Torpor;. 
 
 AERIF'EROUS, Mrifer, (F.) Airiflre, from 
 -aer, 'air,' and ferre, S to carry.' An epithet for 
 tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea, 
 and bronchia. ^ 
 
 AERIFLUX'TJS. The discharge of gas, and 
 the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence. 
 
 AEROpiAPHfTHORA, from a:j/i, ,' air,' and 
 iia06oftt, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.' 
 
 AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
 
 AEROL'OGY ; Aerolog"ia, Aerolog"icB; from 
 arfi, ' air,' and Joyos, 'a description.' That part 
 ■of physics which treats of the air, its qualities, 
 uses, and action on the animal economy. 
 
 AER'OMANCY, Ae'ron^ntVa,, from «^g, 'air,' 
 and ftamtix, ' divination.' An art injudicial as- 
 trology^ which consists in the foretelling,- by 
 means of the air or substances found in the at- 
 mosphere. 
 
 ■ AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 AEB0P£RIT0NIE, see Tympanites. 
 
 AEROPHO'BIA, from'ai(8, 'air,' and (jjo/Ssf, 
 ■■ fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often 
 accompanies hydrophobia, (q.. v.) and some- 
 times hysteria.and other affections. • i 
 
 AEROPHOB'ieUS, Aeroph'obus; same ety- 
 mon. One affected with aerophobia. 
 
 AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus., 
 
 ARROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora. 
 
 AEROPLEURIE, Pneumothorax. 
 
 AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites. 
 
 AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 ^RUC4^, Cupri.^ubacetas. 
 
 ^RU'GINOUS, ^rugino'sus,' lo'des, from 
 JErugo, ' verdigris.' (F.) ^ruginmix. Re- 
 sembling verdigris in colour;, as thfe bil&When 
 discharge^ at times from the stomach. 
 
 .iERUGO, 10?, from as, •' copper.' The rust 
 of any metal, properly of brass. See Cupri 
 Subacetas. 
 
 ^RUGo Fekki, Ferri subcarbonas — eb. Plum- 
 H, Plumbi subdarbonas. 
 
 jES, Cuprum. 
 
 JESCHOS, ctiax'!- Deformity of the body 
 generally, or of some part.^Hippocrates. 
 
 ^S'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANU.M, from 
 «sea, 'food,' [?] Casta'nea equi'na, Pavi'na, 
 Horse-chestnut, Buck-eye. (F.) Marronier 
 d'Inde. ^fflt. Or^. HippocastanesEi Sex.Sl/st. 
 Heptandria Monogynia. The bark has been 
 advised as a substitute for. cinchona. Both 
 bark and fruit are astringent. Externally, it 
 has been employed, like cinchona, in gangrene. 
 
 ^SECAVUM, Br^ss. '- 
 
 ^ESTATES, Ephelides. 
 
 .lESTHE'MA,, aioSi(^«, gen- ai<r6ri/^!no!, 'a 
 sensation, a perception.' See Sensation and 
 Sensibility. In the plural, asthefmata, the ap- 
 paratuses of the senses. 
 
 jESTHEMATOL'OGY, JEsthematolo'g"ia;^ 
 from aia6ti/u,tt, and ibyo;, ' a description.' The 
 doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or 
 CO the apparatus of the senses. 
 
 JESTBEMATONV 'SI, JSsthematorganonu,'- 
 ti, from tLtaStifia, and rovact, ' diseases.' Dis- 
 eases affecting sensation. 
 
 ^THER 
 
 .^STHEMATORGANONTISI, iEsthemato- 
 nusi. 
 
 iE ST HE'S IS, Aistke'sis, from air-aiwc- 
 n=ti, 'I feel.' The faculty of being affected 
 by a sensation. Perception. Sensibility, as 
 well as the senses themselves. See Sense. 
 
 iESTHETERION, Sensorium. 
 
 jESTHET'ICA, from tii^aarofiat,/! feel.' 
 Diseases affecting the sensations. Dulness, de- 
 pravation or abolition of one or more of the ex- 
 ternal orgins of sense. The 2d order,, class 
 Neurotica oi Good., 
 , .SSTIVUS, Estival. 
 
 J5STUARIUM, Stove. 
 
 jESTUATIO, Ard<?r, EbjiUition, Fermenta- 
 tion. ' 
 
 JESTUS, Ardor. 
 
 jEsTus Volat'ious. Sudden heat, scorching 
 or flushing of the face. — Vogel. 
 
 .^TAS, Age — 86. Bona, Adolescence — --ae. De- 
 crepita. Decrepitude — ae. Mala, Senectus — ae. 
 Provecta, Senectus — ae.- Senilis, Senectus. 
 
 jETHER, Ether, froiri aia-ijg, 'air,' or from 
 ai^ai, ' I bufn.' iIAquor cBthe'reus. A volatile 
 liquor .obtained' by distillation from a mixture 
 of alcohol and a concentrated acid. 
 
 ^THER Chloricus, Chloroform. i 
 
 ..^THEii Hydroctan'iccs, Mther Prus'sieur, 
 HydrDcyan'ic Ether, Mydrocif'anateof 'E'the- 
 rine, Cyarl'nret of Ethule, {V.) ither hydro- 
 cyanique, has been advised in hooping-cough, 
 and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated. 
 Dose, 6 'drops. 
 
 jEther MAET14.LIS, Tin'cturaseu Alcohol sul- 
 furico-aethereus ferri — se.Nitricus alcooUsatus, 
 Spiritus aetheris nitrici — ae. Pyro-aceticus, Ace- 
 tone. ., ,. ' 
 
 .(Ether StLPHU'RiCTiSj-^-FitrsWicMi, Naph- 
 tha Vitrioli, Sulph'uric Ether. Ether prepared 
 from sulphuric ether and alcohol. (Sp. rectifi- 
 eat.; Acid. Stilph.- aa Biss. Distil until a hea- 
 vier liquid passes over. Ph. L.) 
 
 Rectified Ether, ^ther rectifica'tus, prepared 
 by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sulphuric 
 ether, f. §xiv, fused potass^ ,5ss, and distilled 
 water^ f. gij, is a limpid, ' colourless, very in- 
 flammable, volatile liquor ; of a penetrating and 
 fragrant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. 
 is 0.73a. 
 
 It is a difl^isible stimulant, narcotic and anti- 
 spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant. Dose 
 g«- XXX to f.giss. When'ether is inhaled, it is 
 found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent : and is 
 employed with advantage in Spasmodic affee- 
 tions, and in surgical operations. 
 
 •Jither SulphuricUs, of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States, (1842,) is formed from aloo- 
 hol, Oiv ; sulphuric acid, Oj ; potassa, l^vj ; dis- 
 tilled water, f. ^iij, distilling and redistilling 
 according^ to the process there laid down. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has an JEther ace'tieus, 
 an JEther muria'ticus seu hydrochlor'icus, an 
 ^ther ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, and an JEther 
 phosphora'tus'. They all possess similar virtues. 
 
 , .^Theb. Sulphuricus Aoidus, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — ae. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus 
 astheris sulphurici — ae. Sulphuricus oumalpohoU 
 aromaticus, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus. 
 
 ^THER Terebinthina'ths, Terebinth'inatcd 
 ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of 
 alcohol,-and half a pound of spirit of turpen- 
 tine, with two pounds of concentrated nitric 
 acid, and distilling one-half the mixture with 
 
^THEREA HERBA 
 
 39 
 
 AFFUSION 
 
 » gentle heat. Employed externally and inter- 
 nally in biliary calculi, rheumatism, &c. Dose 
 20 to 40 drops, in honey or yolk of egg. 
 
 -iETHEREA HEJlBAj Eryngium mariti- 
 mum. ' 
 
 jBTHE'EEAL, EtUe'real, Ethe'feous,Stke'- 
 reus, (F.) Mthiree. An ethereal tincture, (F.) 
 Teinture ithiree, is one formed by the action, of 
 sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on 
 medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vo- 
 latile oil. See Olea Volatilia. 
 
 ^THERIZATIO, Etherization. 
 
 ^THERIZATUS, Etherized. 
 
 ^THEROLEA, Olea Volatilia. 
 
 jETHIOP'ICUS lapis, Ethiopian stone. A 
 stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- 
 siderable virtue'. — Oribasius. 
 
 MTm.07lFlCk.'T:iO,Mthiopofoe'sis,JSthi- 
 6pis'nius,^thiopio'sis,iTom^thiops,Ani.facere, 
 'to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the 
 skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial 
 omtment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic. 
 
 ^THIOPIOSIS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPIS, Salvia sclarea. " 
 
 .(ETHIOPISMUS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 ^THIOPOPOESIS, ^thiopificatio. 
 
 .SITHIOPS, from 01*10, 'I burn,' and m)i, 
 ' countenance.' A black or burnt countenance. 
 The! ancients gave this name to certain oxides 
 and sulphurets of metals, v^hich were of a black 
 colour. ~ ' 
 
 ^THiops Albus, Albino — ae. Aicalisatus, 
 Hydrargyrum cum creta — ae. Aninial, see Cho- 
 roid. 
 
 jEthiops 'M.AS.Tix'TASjFerriBeuiox'ydv/mni-' 
 gnim,. The black deutoxide of ironr once in 
 repute as a tonic. 
 
 .^THiops MiNERALis, Hydrargyri sulphure- 
 turn nigrum — ae. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sul- 
 phnretum ni^uin — ae. per se, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dura cinereum— ^as. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum 
 saccharatum— '-ae. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesicu 
 losus. , ' , 
 
 ^ ^THOL'ICES, from m»«,, ' I*urn.' Fiery 
 pustules on the skin. Some have considered 
 them to have been boils. 
 
 liETHU'SA CYNA'PIUM, Fool's Parsley,- 
 (F-) Faux Persil, Petite Cigu'i. Family, TTm- 
 belliferse. Sea;. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A 
 poisonous plant, which has been mistaken for 
 true parsley, producing nausea, vomiting, head- 
 ache, giddiness, sopor, and at times, fatal results, 
 It resembles coniurajn-its action. 
 
 jEthu'sa Meum, Mevm, Men, Spignel, Bald- 
 money. (F.) Athuse Meiim.^ The root has been 
 advised as carminative, stomachic,, &c. 
 
 ^TIQL'OGY, JSHolog"ia, BHol'ogy, Aitio- 
 log"ia, from atria, ' cause,' and Koyoc, ',a^is- 
 course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease. 
 
 .lETI'TES, from a«Toc, .'an eagle,' Eagle- 
 stone, Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate detritoxide de 
 fer. This stone was formerly supposed to fa- 
 cilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh; and to 
 prevent abortion, if bound on the arm. It was 
 also called Jjapis 'Collymils. 
 
 MTOl PHLEBES, Temporal veins. 
 
 iETOLION, Gnidia grana. 
 
 AFFADISSEMENT, (F.O from/ffl<^e, 'iil- 
 sipid. ' That condition of the digestive function 
 in which the appetite is diminished, .the sense 
 of taste blunted, and tbe action of the stomach 
 enfeebled; a state usually'accompanied by ge- 
 neral languor. 
 
 AFFAIBLISSEMENT, Asthenia. 
 
 AFFAIRES, Menses. 
 
 AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus. 
 
 AFFECTIO, Affection— a. A):thritica Cor- 
 dis, Cardiagra — a. Hypochondria(|||Hypochon- 
 driasis — a. Hysterica, Hysteria—*/ Sarmatica, 
 Plica — a. Tympanitica, Tympanites. 
 
 AFFECTION, Affec'tio, from a^jieio or ciffee- 
 tfi,re (^ad and faeere,^ 'to move or influence.' 
 Any mode in which the mind or body is affepted 
 or modified. 
 
 AFFECTION TrPHqiJDE,see Typhus— 
 a. 7<!ipo>eM.s6, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 
 AFFECTIONS OF THE MmD,Affec'tiis 
 seu Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes- seu Conquas- 
 satio'nes seu Confusio'nes seu Turbatio^nes 
 seu Pfiri'urbatio'nes an'imi, (^.) Affections de 
 I'ame, include ijot only the different passions, as 
 love, hatred, jealousy, &c., but every condition 
 of the inind that is iecompanied by {in agreeable 
 or disagreeable' feeling, as pleasure, fear, sor- 
 rowi &c./ ' ■■ 
 
 In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is 
 synonymous with disease ; thus we speak of a 
 pulmonary affectibn, a calculous affection, &c. 
 
 AFFECTIONS DE. L'JME. Affections of 
 the mind. / 
 
 AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, 
 &c. Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F.) 
 Facult'es affectives, to functions dependent upon 
 the organization of the brain, comprising the 
 sentiments, affections, &c. ' 
 ~AFFECTUS, Passion — a.Fauciunipestilens, 
 Cynanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops — 
 a. Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum. Neuralgia 
 faciei. 
 
 AF'FERENT, Afferens, Centrip'etal, from 
 affero,\ad and f fro, 'to carry,') ' I bring.' The 
 vessels which convey the lymph to the lym- 
 phatic glands, are called afferent. Also, nerves 
 that convey impressions towards the nervous 
 centres — nervi entobanon'tei. 
 
 AF'FION, Qffium, O'pium, (q. v.) The 
 Baritamese thus designate an electuary of which 
 opium is the. basis^ and which they use as an 
 excitant. 
 
 AF'FLA'TUS, Adfla'tus, Epipna'a, from ad, 
 'td,',a.niJlare,'to blow,' Any air that strikes 
 the body and produces disease. 
 
 AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (ad 
 andfluere, 'to flow,') 'to flow to.' A flow or 
 determination of humolirs, and particularly of 
 blood, towards any part. 
 
 AFFLUXUS, Fluxion. 
 
 AFFUSIO, Affusion— a. Frigida, see Affu- 
 sion — a. Orbicularis, Placenta. 
 
 AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chysis,Epich'- 
 ysis, from ad, ' to,' and fundere, fusum, ' to 
 pour.' The action of pouring a liquid on any 
 body. Affusionsjtihj/ptolu^sim, c&ld and warm, 
 are used in different diseases. The cold affusion, 
 Affu'sio sea Per fu'sio frig"ida, is saidto have 
 been beneficial in cutting short typhus fever and 
 scarlstina, if used during the first days. It con- 
 .sists in placing the patient in a tut, and pouring 
 cold water over him; then wiping him dry, and 
 putting him to bed. The only.precaution ne- 
 cessary, is, to use it in the state of greatest heat 
 and exacerbation; not when chilliness, or topical 
 inflammation is present. 
 
AFIUM 
 
 AGITATION 
 
 AFIUM, Opium-. , ' ■ 
 
 AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines. 
 
 AFTER-PAI]if S, see Pains', labour. 
 
 AG A CEMENT, (F.) from axitUiv, ' to sharp- 
 en.' The setting on edgei 
 
 AGACEMENT BES DENTS. A disa- 
 greeable sensation experienced wjien acids ar^ 
 placed in contact lyith the teeth. Tooth edge. 
 Setting, the teeth on edge. 
 
 AGACEMEN^ PES NERFS. A slight 
 irritation of the system, and particularly of the 
 orgalis of sense and locomotion,) corresponding 
 nearly to the English Fidgets, 
 
 AGALAGTATIO, Agalactia. , .' 
 
 A G A L A C ' T I A, Agalax'ia, Agalac'tio, 
 Agcdacta'tio, J)efec'tus Iqc'tis^'OligogaHia, Oli- 
 gogalae'tia, froma privative,. and yaio, 'milk.' 
 Absence of milk in the mammas. 
 
 AGALAXIA, Agalactia. ', 
 
 AGAL'LOCHU]y[,frQm ceyaMo^io;!,' to becorne , 
 splendidj'Calambac^CalamhotiijLig'numAgal'- 
 lochi veri, Idg'ntim Al'oes, L. Aspal'athi, Xylo- 
 aloes. Aloes wood. A resinous and very aro- 
 matic wood' of the East Indies, from Exccecaria 
 Agallocha. ' Used in making pastils, &c. — IJio- 
 scorides, Oribasius, Paulus. , 
 
 AGAMOUS, see Cryt>togamous. 
 
 AG'ARIC, Agar'icum. A genus of plants in 
 the Linnaean system, some of which are edible, 
 others poisonous. It was so called from Agaria, 
 aregion of Sacmatia. — Dioscoirides. Ajnong the 
 edible varieties of the Boletus, the following 
 are the chief. 1. 'Vor . Agar'icus edu'iis, (F.) 
 ^Agaric comestible et champignon i^e cotoche. 9. 
 The Agar'icus odora'tus, (F.). Mousser^on. The 
 most common poisonous varieties are the Agar'- 
 icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric meurtrier: and 2. 
 The Agaricus dcrfs, (F.) Agaric dcre; hesides 
 the Auranite, a sub-geniis, which /includes se- 
 veral species. One of the most delicate is the 
 Agaricus Aurantiacusyhixt care must be taken 
 not to confound it with the A. Pseudo-auran- 
 tiacus, which is very poisonous. The A. auran- 
 tiacus is called, in French, Orange, ^ee Poi- 
 sons, Table of. ' v 
 
 . Agario, see Bpletus igniarius — a. Blanc, 
 Boletus laricis — a. de Chine, Boletus ignia- 
 rius — a. Female, Boletus igniarius — ^^as of the 
 Oak, Boletus igniarius — a. Odorknt, Boletus 
 suaveolens — a. White, Boletus laricis. , 
 
 AGARICUM, (Boletus igniariusi 
 
 AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius' — a. Albus, 
 Boletus laricis — a. Aurautiatus, Amanitae — a. 
 Aurantiacus, Bolites — a. Auriculaefbrma, Peziza 
 auricula — a. Chirurgorum, Boletus igniarius — 
 a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitae— j-a. Quercus, 
 Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AGATHIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra. 
 
 AGATHOSMA CRENATUM,Diosma cre- 
 nata. ' 
 
 AGATHOTES CHIRATITA, Gentianachi- 
 rajrita. • ' 
 
 , AGA'Vfi AMERICA'NA, Arm*i6an Agave, 
 Maguey, from nyoiibs, 'admirable. f Nat. Ord. 
 Bromeliaceae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria , Mono- 
 gynia. This plant has been considered diuretic 
 and antisyphilitie. The favourite drink of the 
 Mexicans— PWyae— 4s the fermented juice of 
 isoA plant. ' 
 
 AGE, 'ijJixiJt, Selitda, ^tas ;■ — Of uncertain 
 etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed 
 since birth, &c. Five ages are often designated 
 in the life of man. 1. First infancy (Jnfan'tia;) 
 
 2. Second infancy {P'Ueri"tia:) 3. Adolescence 
 {Adoieseen'tia:) 4. The adult age (Viril'itas:) 
 5. Old age (Sejiec'tus :) 
 
 AGENEIOS, Iniberbis. 
 
 AGEN'ESISj from a. privative, and ytra«-ic, 
 'generation.' Imperfect d^velbpnient of any 
 part of the body; as cerebral agenesis i i. e. im- 
 perfect development of the brain in the fetus. 
 
 AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas, 
 
 AGENNESIS, Impotence. . ' ' 
 
 AGENT, Agens,fiotaagere, 'to act.' Any 
 power which produces, or tends to produce an 
 eifect dn the human.body. Morbific agents, (F.) 
 Ag^ns morbifiques, are the causes of disease ; — 
 therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens tUrapeutiques, 
 the ineans of treating itj &c. 
 
 AGEE NATURE, Uterus. 
 
 AGERA'SIA,7»«««es(!«re'*«a,'from a privative, 
 and yijgas, 'old age.' A ■vigorous and green old 
 Sge. ' ■ , 
 
 AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum. 
 AGE'RATUS LAPIS. A stone used by 
 cobblers to polish shoes. It was formerly es- 
 teemed discutient and astringent. — ^Galeh, Ori- 
 basius, Paulus. 
 
 AGES»Palm. ^^ 
 
 AGEUSIA, Ageustia. , . 
 
 AGEUSTIA," Aghetis-'tia, Ageu'sia, Apo- 
 geus'tia^ Apogeufsis, Hya^sthe'sia gustato'ria, 
 Parageu'sis, froip a priv,., and ytuOTis, 'taste.' 
 Diminution or loss of taste, Ani;s^sthe'sia lingua. 
 Sauvages, CuUen. 
 
 AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomerfi'tus, from ag- 
 glomerare (ad and glorrierare, ' to wind up yarn 
 in a ball/) 'to collect together.' Applied to 
 tumours or kglatidsin aggregation, 
 
 AGGIyU'TIN ANT, Agglu'tincms, Collet'icus, 
 Glu'tinansjiTotaglicten, 'glne.' (F.) Aggluti- 
 nant, Agglutin-atif, Glutinatif. Remedies were 
 formerly so called, wHich were considered ca- 
 pable of uniting divided parts. — Paulus. 
 
 Plasters are called agglutin,ants, (F.)etggltt- 
 tinaiifs, which adhere strongly to th^ skin. 
 Certain bandages are likewise so termed. (F.) 
 Bandelettes agghitinatives. 
 
 TO AGGLU'TINATE. The French use the 
 word agglutiner, iv. the sense of ' to reunitej' as 
 aggiutiner les livres d'une plate,' toreunitetiie 
 lips 0f a wound-.' 
 
 AGGLXTTiNATIF, Agglutinant. 
 
 AGGLUTINATIO, Coition. , 
 
 AGGLUTINA'TION, Colle'sis, Epicolle'sis, 
 Proscolle'sis, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare^ 'tO 
 glue together.' 'the first degree of adhesion. 
 Also, the action of agglutinants. 
 
 AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate. 
 
 AG'GREGATE, Aggtega'tus, from aggfe- 
 garci (ad and gregare,) 'to 'flock together j' 't(> 
 assemble together.' Glands are called oggye- 
 gate which are in clusters. Aggregate pills, 
 (F.) PiltUes agrigdtives, signified, forn^erly, 
 those which were b^ieved to contain the pro- 
 perties of a cojisiderable number of medicines, 
 and to be able to supply their place. 
 
 AGHEUSTlA, Ageustia.- 
 
 AGIAHA'LID or AGIHA'LID, or AGRA- 
 HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian, shrub, 
 similar to the Ximenia. The Ethiopians use it 
 as a vermifuge. The fruit is purgative. 
 
 AGIHALID, Agiahaljd. 
 
 AGISSANT, Active. ■ 
 
 AGWk'TlOlJi, Agita'tio, D one' sis ; from 
 agere, 'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion 
 
AGITATOEIUS 
 
 31 
 
 AGYraAS 
 
 of the bpdy, Tyrbi, Tyrba'sia,Inquies, — ordis-, 
 tressing mentei inquietude, — An'imi Agita'tio. 
 
 AGITATOEIUS, Convulsive. 
 
 AGLOSfSlA, from a, privativej and yhmcrit, 
 'the tongue.' A malformation which consists 
 in the want of a tongue. 
 
 AGLOSSOS'TOMA., horn. Aglossia, (q. v.) 
 and o-To/ta, ' mouth.' A mouth without a tongue. 
 
 AGL0SS0ST0M6G'RAPH¥, Aglassdsto- 
 ■mogra'phid, from a,priv., yXtoooo, 'the tongue,' 
 <r-tt[ta, 'the njouth,' and ■/ia.<fm, 'I desqribe.' 
 Description of a mouth without a tongue. — Ro- 
 land (of Saumur.) 
 
 AGLUTI'TION, Agluti'tio, from « priv., and 
 glutire, 'to swallow.' A hybrid term, desig- 
 nating impossibility of swallowing. — Linnaeus. 
 ■ AGMAj Fracture. 
 
 AGMATOLOG"IA, from o/iua, 'fracture,' 
 and ioyftsj 'a description.' The doctrine of frac- 
 tures. . A treatise on fractures. 
 
 AGME, Fracture. 
 
 AGMINA DIGITORUM MENTIS, Phalan- 
 ges of the fingers — a. Membrana, Amnios. 
 
 AGMINATED GLANDS, Beyer's glands. 
 
 AGNA'THIA, irom«, priv., and yvofioj,' jaw.' 
 A malformation which consists in the want of 
 the jaw, especially of the lower. 
 
 AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios. 
 
 AGNOIAj from*, priv., and ytfoo-xm,' I know,' 
 State of a patienf who does not recognise indi- 
 viduals.. — Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius. 
 
 AGNUS CASTUS, Vitex. 
 
 AGO'GE, aj-aiyi;.. . The order or condition of 
 a disease,-^Hippoc., Galen. Likewise the state 
 of the air. — Hippoc, Galen, Gorraeus, Foesius 
 
 AGOGUE, oyoiyos, 'a leader,' from ({ym, '] 
 lead or expel.'- Ijtence Ckolagogite, an expeller 
 of bile : Hydrdgogue, &c. 
 
 AGOMPHi'ASIS,s^g-o«tpAo'«M, from 'a; pri- 
 vative, and ysyi^oiuj ' I nail.'' Looseness of the 
 teeth.— ^GorrEBtts. See Gomphiasis. 
 
 AGOMPHOSIS, AgomphjasiB. 
 
 AGON, Agony, ■ . - 
 
 AGONE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 AGONIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 AGONISMA, Agony. 
 
 AGONISMUS, Agony. 
 
 AGONISTIC A, from xymy, «a combat.' The 
 part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference 
 to the combats of the Athletae. 
 
 Also, very cold water, given internally, to 
 calm febrile heat. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 AGONIZjyVS, Psychorages. 
 
 AGONOS, Sterile. / 
 
 AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonis'ma, Ago- 
 nis''mus,^oc}ithus,J!i^ogus,JPs-§chorag"iajPsy- 
 rkorrhag"ia, An'gor, 'iiora dLymrl 'a, combat.^ 
 ■the last struggle of life. — Galen, Gorraeus, &c. 
 The agony, which is of longer or shorter dura- 
 tion, is characterized by great change in the 
 features, gradual abolition of sensation and mo-' 
 tion, loss of voice, dryness or lividity of the 
 tongue and lips, rattling in the throat, small 
 and intermittent pulse, and coldness of the ex- 
 tremities. This state is not present in those 
 who die suddenly. See Fa:cies Hippocratica. 
 
 AGOS'TUSj. from «•/<.>, 'I lead.' The fore 
 arm from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the 
 palm of the hand; — iGorrasus. See. Palm. 
 
 AGRA, aygoi, from aygsni, 'I seize hold of.' 
 A seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, tooth- 
 ache; Chiragra, Podagra, h.c 
 AGRAFE J)E VALENTIN. A kind of 
 
 forceps with parallel branches, employed by 
 Valentin in the operation for hare lip, to effect 
 the approximation of the edge's of fhe wound. 
 
 AGRAHALID, Agiahalid. 
 
 AGR&GATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 AGRI4., Herpes exedens. , 
 
 AGRIAMPELQS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 AGRICOeCIMELEA, Prunus spinosa. 
 
 AGRIFOLIUM, Hex aquifoKum. -, 
 
 AG'RIMONY, Eupato'rium, Cafal,, Lap'- 
 ,p«.la hepat'iea (F.) Aigremoine-. The Agriiao'- 
 nia Eupato'riuTn. Cockle-hur, Stickwort. Nait. 
 Ord. Rosaceae. Sex.Syst. Icosandria 'Digynia. 
 A mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in 
 powder, from ^j to gj. 
 
 Agrimony Hemp, JEupatorium cannabinum. 
 
 AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocasta- 
 num, Lycoperdon'tuberi 
 
 AGRIQCINARA), Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana. 
 . AGRIOSELl^UM, Smyrnium olusatrtim. 
 
 AGRIOTHYM'IA, from aye«f, 'ferocious,' 
 and ^v/jiof, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity. 
 
 AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leohurus cardiaca. 
 AGRIPATJME, Leouurus cardiaca. 
 AGRIP'PA, Mgrip'^a^ ftoni ceger partus, 
 ' difficult' birth :' or perhaps from i-YQa} 'taking 
 or seizure,' and Troui, 'the foot.' This term has 
 been given to those born by the feet. It is pre- 
 tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their 
 name from this circumstance. Parturition 
 where the feet present, is, called Agrippee par- 
 tV'S, Agrippinus partus* 
 
 AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa. 
 - AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus medica, 
 AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
 AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa. 
 AGRYPNI A, Insomnia. 
 AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil. 
 AGRYPNO'DES, from nyQ^nvos, 'sleepless.' 
 Characterized by sleeplessness, as Febris Agry- 
 pnodes, a fever accompanied with sleepless- 
 ness. , ' , . ', 
 
 AGRYP'NUS, ayQvnro^, 'sleepless,', 'vigi- 
 lant.' Hence Agryprwdeis {^ebr%s^ fever at- 
 tended with watching. , 
 AGVA BE VERXIGA, see Verugas. 
 , AGUARDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit. 
 — a. de Italia, see Spirit. 
 ' A'GUE,. from Gothic agis, ' trembling.' y] 
 Intermittent fever. 
 
 Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever. - 
 Ague Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis, Physeo'nia 
 sple'nicum, P. -splenxca, Splenis Tuvnor; (F.) 
 Gateau febrile. A visceral obstruction — gene- 
 rally in the spleen — which follows agues, and 
 is distinctly felt by external examination. To 
 a greatet or less degree, it is not uncommon. 
 
 Ague, DeAp, see Fever, masked— a. Dumb, 
 see Fever, maskedr— a. Free, Laurus sassafras 
 — a. Leaping, see Lea|)ing ague — a. Quartan, 
 .Quartan — a. Tertian, Tertian fever— a. Weed, 
 Eupatbrium perfoliatum. 
 
 AGUL, Alha'gi, the H^disd'rum idhagi, A 
 thorny shrub of Persia and Mesopotamia, which 
 affords manna. The leaves are purgative. 
 AGY'ION, from «, priv., and ymav, ' limb.' 
 
 Mutilated or w'anting limbs Hippocr. Weak, 
 
 feeble .-;-Galen. ' 
 
 AGYR'IAS, from ayujiir, ' a collection.' Opa- 
 city of the crystalline. — ^Aetius, Parfe. . 
 
AGTRTA 
 
 32 
 
 AKOLOGY 
 
 AGTR'TA,; from ayugis, 'a crowd.' For- 
 merly, a stroller who pretended, to supernatural 
 powers. Subsequently, ai' quack or illiterate 
 pretender. See Charlatan. 
 AGYRTIA, Charlatanry. , 
 AHO'EA, from a privative, and 'mgo, ' youth.' 
 Tardy development of the organs,:-^the oppo- 
 site to Sy^perho^ra,. 
 AHptTAI, Thevetia ahouai. 
 AHUSAL, Orpiment. 
 AHYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 A,IDE, (F.) Ad'jutor min'ister. An assistant 
 to a sprgeon in his operations. 
 AIDOKOMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 AIERSA, Iris Germani'ca. 
 AIGE,Mgia.s. 
 
 AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF, Near 
 the city, of this name, in Normandy, is the 
 chalybeate spring of Saint XantiUj much used 
 in. the 16th and 17th centuries. 
 - AIGLE, Mgias^ 
 
 AiGRE, Acidulous. . ■ 
 
 AIGRELET, Acidulous. 
 AIGREMOINEi Agrimony. 
 AIGREXIRS, Acidities. 
 AlGTIi Acute. . > 
 
 AIGUILLE, Needle-T^a. i Actipunclure-, see 
 Needle — a. a Appareil, see Needle— a. a Becde 
 Likvre, see Needle — a. & Cataracte, see Needle 
 — a..de Deschiimps, see Needle — a. Engaiiiee, 
 see Needle — a. a Fistule, sfee Needle — a. a 
 Gaine, ^ee Needle'-^a. i5 lAgature^ see Needle 
 u. a Mfinche, see Needle — a. ASeton, see Needle 
 — a. a Suture, s^e Needle. / 
 
 AIGTXILLON, (F.). .Sjiina Helmon'tU. A 
 term used since the time of Van Helmont to 
 designate the proximate cause of inflammation. 
 According to him, an inflamed part is in the 
 same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were 
 thrust into it. , 
 
 AIGVISER, to Acidulate. 
 AIL, Allium. 
 
 AILE, Ala, Aileron. * • 
 
 AILERON, (F.) Extre'ma ula seu Pin'nula^ 
 diminutive of (F.) 4i7«,a wing. The extremity 
 of the wing of a bird, to which the great fea- 
 thers are attached- 
 
 AILERONS DE LA MATS-ICE. Three 
 folds at the base of the broad ligaments of- the 
 uterus, which are occupied by the ovary and its 
 ligament, the Fallopian tube, and th6 round li- 
 gament. 
 
 AIMA, 'ai/ta. See Heema. 
 AIMANT, Magnet. 
 AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea'. 
 AIMORRHCEA, Haemorrhagia. 
 AIMORRHQIS, Hsmorrhois. 
 AINE, Ingufen. 
 
 AIPATHIA, Continent disease. 
 AIPI, Jatropha manihot. 
 AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha,manihot. 
 AIPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot. 
 AIR, Aer, Pneulna, from oim, 'I breathe.' 
 Corrmioji air. Atmospheric air, (F.) Air atmo- 
 sphMque,is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, 
 ins|iptd, ponderable, compressible and ielastic 
 fluid, wMch, under the form of the atmosphere, 
 surrounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16 
 
 Air is essentially composed of two gases, 
 oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of 
 the former to SO of the- latter. Oxygen is the 
 vital portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to 
 
 dilute it. Air also contains a small portion of 
 carbonic acirf gas, and it has always floating in 
 it aqueous vapour, diflferent terrestrial emana- 
 tions, &c. -Its effects upon the human, body 
 vary according to its .greater or less density, 
 temperature, moisture,- &c.; hence,- change of 
 air is found extremely serviceable in the pre- 
 vention and cure of certain morbid conditions. 
 See Climate. ^ 
 
 AIR ACIDE VITBIOLIQUE, Sulphurous 
 acid—*. Alealin, Ammonia.— a. AtmoaphiriqUe, 
 Air. . " • 
 
 AiK. Cells of the Ltinss, Bronchial cells; 
 see Cellule— a. Dephlbgisticated, Oxygen— a. 
 •Empyreal, Oxygen— o. du Pea, Oxygen-ra. 
 Factitious, Carbonic acid— a. Fixed, Carbonic 
 &c\i^^a. Gati, Azote-:— a. Inflammable, Hydro-, 
 gen. Hydrogen carburetted. 
 
 AiE. Passages, (F'.) Voies aeriennes derifires. 
 The larynx, trachea, bronchia, &c. 
 
 AiE, PuEE, Oxygen— a. Solid,, of Hale, Car- 
 bonic acid-=-». Vide, Azote — a. Vital, Oxygen. 
 AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass., 
 AIRE, Areola. 
 
 AIRELLEANGULEtfSE,'yaccimummyi- 
 tillus — a, Fonctuie, Vaccibium vitis idaea. 
 AIRIGNE, Eook.: ■■ ' 
 
 -AIRTHRfiY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Airthrey is. situate abouf two miles f north of 
 Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca- 
 thartics^ containing chloride of sodium, chloride 
 of calcium, sulphate of zinc,' and chloride of 
 .magnesium. 
 
 AISSELLE, Axilla; 
 AISTHESIS, ;^sthesiB. 
 AITHOMO'MA, from <t-t»H, 'black.' A, 
 black condition of all the humours of the' eye. 
 A. Par^. 
 AITIA, Cause. 
 AITIOLOGY, ^tiologia. 
 AITION, Cause. > 
 
 AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. 1^ Called by the Germans, Aachen. 
 A thermal, sulphureous,- mineral ' water, which 
 contains, in 1000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches 
 of sulphohydric acid gas,' 18.05 cubic inches of, 
 carbonic acid-gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate 
 of lime; 0.0440 grammes of carbonate of mag- 
 nesia, 0.5444 grammes of carbonate ef soda, 
 2.3697 grammes 6f chloride of sodium, 0v2637 
 of sulphate of soda, and 0.0705 of silica. The 
 temperature is 134° Fahrenheit. 
 
 The factitious water of Aix-la-GhapelU, 
 A'qua Aquisgraiien'sis, (F.) Eau d^Aix-la- 
 Chapelle, is made by adding pure water f . 
 ,^xvijss; to hydro-sulphuretted water t. ^iv, car- 
 bonate of soda' gr. xx, chloride' of sodium gr. 
 ix.— Ph. P. 
 
 There are thermal sulphureous springs at 
 Aix in Savoy, (98°) and some therriial springs 
 at Aix in Provence (91°.) 
 
 AIZOON, Se,mpervivum tectorum. 
 AJU'GA, A. pyramida'lis, Consdl'ida tne'- 
 dia, Bu'gula, Upright Bugloss, Middle Con>- 
 soiind. (F.) Btigle pyramiidale. This plant 
 is subastringent and bitter. 
 , Ajuga CHAMiEPiTYs,-Teucrium chamaspitys. 
 Aju'ga Reptans, Bu'gula, Common Bugle, 
 (F.) Bugle rdmpante, has similar properties. 
 AKATALIS, Juriiperus dommunis. 
 AKATERA, Juniperus communis. 
 AKINESIA, Acinesia. 
 AKOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
 
ALA 
 
 33 
 
 ALBUMEN 
 
 ALA, Finna, Pteryas, ' a wing.' (F.) Aile. 
 A term often used by anatomists for parts 
 which project like a wing from the median 
 line; as the Ala nasi, Alai of thi uterus, &c. 
 See Axilla and Pavilion of ,the Earw Also, 
 Pterygium. 
 
 Ala Extrema, see Axleron. 
 
 ALABAS'TER, Alaias'tmm. (F.) AlbStre., 
 ASabastri'tes. A variety of compact gypSura ; 
 of which an ointment was once made ; — theiun- 
 -guen'tuin alahastn'num ; used as a discutlent. 
 Alabaster likewise entered into several denti- 
 
 ALABASTRITES,. Alabaster. 
 
 AL^ INTERNA MINORES CLITORI- 
 DIS, Nymphae — a. Majores, Labia pudendi — a. 
 Minores,NymphaB — a.Muliebresminores,Nymi- 
 phae — a. Nasi, see Nasus^— a; Pudendi mulie)5ris. 
 Labia pudendi — a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo — a. 
 of the Uterus, see Ala — a. Vespfertilionis, see 
 Uterus. 
 
 ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To 
 suckle. 
 
 ALALIA, Mijtitas.) 
 
 ALAMBIC, Alembic. 
 
 ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Ara- 
 bian? to a vein, situate between the chin and 
 lower lip, which they were in the habit of 
 opening' in cases of fcetor of the bitath. — Avi- 
 cenna. _, 
 
 ALAQUE'CA. The Hindusthanee name of 
 a stone, found in" small, polished, fragments, 
 which is considered efficacious in' arresting he- 
 morrhage when applied externally. It is a sul- 
 phUret of iron. 
 
 ALAEES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.' 
 
 Ala'ees VsNiE., The superficial veijis at the 
 fold of the arm. 
 
 ALA'RIA OSSA. - The wing-like processes 
 of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 ALARIS, Alahus, Aliform'is; from ala, ' a 
 wing.' Wingrshaped, Winged. 
 
 ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus ala- 
 ternus. - ., ' 
 
 ALA'TUS. Pterygo'dis, Hqmo, ala'tus. One 
 whose scapulae project backwards like wings. 
 
 ALBADARAN, Aldabaran. The sesamoid 
 bone of the metatarso-phalangal ■ jpint of the 
 great toe. The RabJ)is and Magicians attri- 
 buted extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians. 
 
 ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.- 
 
 • ALB AMENTUM, Albumen ovi. 
 
 ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A French acidulous chalybeate, in the 
 department ofthe Loire. 
 
 ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides— a. 
 Nigra, Lepra nigricans; 
 
 ALBAR.1ES, Lepra alphoides. 
 
 ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides. 
 
 ALBJTRE, Alabaster. 
 
 ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 
 ALBIN D'CEXJF, AlTjumen ovi. 
 
 ALBINISM, see Albino. 
 
 ALBINISMUS, see Albino. 
 
 ALBI'NO. 'White.' LeuciB'tAi0ps,^thiops 
 albios, Dondo, from albus, 'vv;hite.' (F.) Bla- 
 fard,- Negre-blanc. A Spanish. word applied to 
 individuals of the hunijan race who have the 
 skin and hair white; the irisyery pale, border- 
 ing on redi^ ahd the eyes, so. sensible, that they 
 cannot be^ir the light of day. T^his condition, 
 which has been called Leucathio' pia, Alpha' sis 
 JEthiop'ica, Albino'is'mus, Albiids'mius, Al'bin- 
 
 a, is seen more frequently in 
 the Negro.' .Both sexes are exposed to it ; but 
 it does, hot seem to be true, that there are tribes 
 of Albinos in the interior of Africa.- 
 
 ALBINOISMUS, see Albino. 
 
 ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 
 AL'BORA. A kind Of itch or complicated 
 leprosy . — Paracelsiis . 
 
 ALBOT, CrucLblfe. 
 
 ALBOTIM, Terebinthiha; 
 
 ALBUGIN'EA, Tu'nica albugin'ea, A. Tes- 
 tis,T6rit^s'tis,Tu'nica vagina'lis testis propria, 
 Membfa'na capsula'ris .testis. (F.) Albuginie, 
 Tuniqae albuginie, A strong, fibrous, and re- 
 sisting , membrane, which immedia^tely enve- 
 lops the testicle, and has, at its, upper part^ 
 an enlargement, called corpus Highmorianum. 
 From its inner surface it sends off a number of • 
 flat, filiform prolongations- or septa, between 
 which are contained the seminifetous vessels. 
 E-xt6rnallyv it is covered by the tunica vagina- 
 lis testis. 
 
 -(liBr7'G7JV^,B, Albuginea, Albugineous. 
 
 ALBUGIN'EOUS, Albugin'eus, 'white,' from 
 albus, (F.) Albuginie. A term appUed to tex- 
 tures, humours, &c.,' which are perfectly ■jvhite. 
 . Albugin'eous Fibre, (^.y Fibre albugwiie. 
 A name given by Chaussier to what he consi- 
 ders one of the four elementary fibres. 
 
 The' albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, 
 tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a 
 shining, satiny appearance. It .always forms 
 fascisB or fasciculi. Which constitute the tendops, 
 articular ligaments, and aponeuroses : hence the 
 name Albugineous membranes, given by Chaus- 
 sier to the fibrous- membranes. 
 
 Gsnithier considers that the retef mucosum 
 consists of four layers, to two of which he gives 
 the names, — membra'na alMigin/ea profun'da, 
 and membra'na albugin'ea superfida'lis, respe^c- 
 tively. 
 
 ALBUXJINI'TIS, (F.) Albuginite. A term 
 employed hy some authors for inflammation of 
 the albugineous tissue. . Thus, gout and rheu- 
 matism are regarded as species of the genus al- 
 buginitis.; ' ' 
 
 ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leucoma— a. Ovi, 
 Albumen i>vi. 
 
 ALBULA, Leucoma. 
 
 ALBUM 'CANIS, Album. grsECum—ia..Ceti, 
 Cetaceum. 
 
 Album Qriecvm, Cynoc'oprus, Spp'diwm, 
 Graco'rum, Alb^tm ,Canis, Stercus Cam'num 
 Album. The white dung of the dog. ' It con- 
 , sists alnlost wholly of phosphate of lime, from 
 the bones uged as food. It was formerly-ap- 
 plied as a disciitient to the inside of the throat 
 in quinseys, but is now justly banished^ from 
 practice. 
 
 Album Nigrum. The excrement of (he mouse. 
 
 Album Oouli, see Sclerotic. 
 
 Album Rhasis. A white Ointment made of 
 cerusse and lard, prescribed • by the Arabian 
 physician Rhases. 
 
 ALBVMFJf!, Leui;o'ma,Ooni'nl.O!:emun,{Tom 
 albus, 'white.' (F.) Albiimine.' ' Kxi immediate 
 principle of animals and vegetables, which con- 
 stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It 
 is found in the . serum, chyle, synovia, serous 
 fluids, &c. There is_ not much difference in 
 chemical composition between animal and ver 
 getable ajbumen, fibrin and casein : fibrin alone 
 appears, however, to be possessed of plastic 
 
^LBUMIJVE 
 
 34 
 
 ALCOHOL 
 
 properties. Also, the white of the eye. See 
 Sclerotic. 
 
 Albu'men On, Alhu'mor, Alhi'ga Ovi, Albor 
 Ovi, Can'didum Ovi, Albu'men, Clafe'ta, Ovi 
 albus liquor, Albivmen'tum,, Lac avis or white 
 of egg, fj.) Blanc d^esuf, {Old,'S.)Aibind'<Buf, 
 is used in phartaacy for suspending oils, &c., in 
 water. See Ovum. 
 
 ALBUMINS, Albumen. 
 
 ALBUMINU'RIA. a hyhrid term from 
 'AlbuTiien,' and oi/po», 'the urine.' The condi- 
 ■ tio'n of the urine' in which it contains albnmeh, 
 the presence of 'which is indicated by its coagu- 
 lation on ttie application of adequate heat. 
 
 ALBXIMUSrURORRHlE, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. 
 
 ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi. 
 
 AL'CAEST, Al'eakest, Al'chaest, perhaps 
 from (6.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A 
 word invented by Paracelsus to designate a li- 
 quor, which, according to him, was capable of 
 removing every kind of swelling. 
 
 The same word was used by Van Helniont 
 for a fancied universal solvent, caj)able of re- 
 ducing every body to its elements! 
 
 Aloaest of Glaubek is a thick liquor ob- 
 tained by detonating nitrate of potasssi on hot 
 coals, which transforms it intA subcarbonate of 
 potassa. ' 
 
 Alcaest of Respouk is a mixture of pot-assa 
 and oxyd of zinc. 
 
 ALCAHEST, 4.1caest. 
 
 ALCAHOL, Altohol. 
 
 ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales'cenw, AUaUs^ 
 een'tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes 
 alkaline. 
 
 Alcalesoence ot the Humours was an old 
 notion of the humourists. It can only occur 
 during the putrid fermentation of animal mat- 
 ters, which contain azote, and produce ammo- 
 nia. Alcalxn'ity is the quality of being alca- 
 line. 
 
 AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al'kali, from dl, {Arab,^ 
 'the,' and kali, the name of the SaUo'la Soda,' 
 a plant which contains a large quantity of one 
 of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis arfe 
 substances soluble in -water, possessiijg gene- 
 rally a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turfting 
 the syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue 
 the infusion of litmus, which has been reddened 
 by acids ; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and 
 having.the greatest tendency 'to unite with acids, 
 whose character they modify, and form salts 
 with them. In ffiedicine we understand by this 
 term Potassa, Soda, or Atrvmonia (q. v.) 
 
 Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticjim. A 
 pure alkali. One defirived of its carbonic acid. 
 
 Alcalis, Fixed, soda and potassa; Vola- 
 tile Alcali, ammonia. 
 
 Alcali Ammoniaoum Acetat'um, Liquor am- 
 monias acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidum. Li- 
 quor ammoniae — a. Fixum tartarizaituto, Potas- 
 sae tartras — a. Minerale sulphuricum. Soda, sul- 
 phate of — a. Tartar! aceto fgaturatum, Potassae 
 acetas — a. Vegetabile salito dephlogistibatum, 
 Potassae murias hyperoxygehatus — a. Vegeta- 
 bile tartarizatuni, Potassae tartras — a. Vegetabile 
 vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas — a. Volatile ace- 
 tatum, Liquor ammonice acetatis^-a. Volatile 
 aeratum, Ammoniae carbonas — a. Volatile ex 
 sale ammoniaco, Ammonise carbonas. 
 
 ALCALIGENE, Azote. 
 
 ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence. 
 
 ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 ALCANNA MAJ0R' LATIFOLIA DEN- 
 TATA, Prirtos — a. Orientalis, Lawsonia iner- 
 mis — a„ Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera, 
 Lawsonia inermis. 
 
 ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus-^a. jEgyp- 
 tiacaj Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Indica, Hibis- 
 cus abelmoschus. 
 
 Alce'a, Ro'sea, Cofmmon hollyhock. Emol- 
 lient, like Altlissa. 
 
 A-LCHACHENGE, Physalis. 
 
 ALCHACHIL, JE^osmarinUs. 
 . ALCHAEST, Alcahest. 
 
 ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been Cele- 
 brated with the Alchemists [ly A. vulga'ris, 
 Commum Ladies^ Mantle, Pes Leo'nis, Leontc 
 po'dium (F.) Pied de lAon. Forflierly in great 
 repute as an astringent in hemorrhage. 
 
 ALCHEMY, Alchymy. . 
 
 ALCHITRA'M, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 ALCHOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 AL'CHYMY, Al'cliemy, Alchemi'ajAlchimi'a, 
 Adep'ta PKilosoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par- 
 ticle, signifying ' superiority, excellence,' and 
 Chinpia, ' Chymistry.', . This word was formerly 
 .synonymous "with Chymistry; but, from the' 7tii 
 century, it has been applied to the mysterious 
 art of endeavouring to discover a Universal re- 
 medy, and a mode of transmuting the baser me- 
 tals into gold : an operation to whict they gave 
 the name O-pus magmvm, and Philosopher's 
 
 Alchymy has also been called Seien'tid vel 
 Philosoph'ia Herwiet'ica, fvora an idea that Her- 
 mes or Mercury was its inventor. 
 
 Harris has well defined this cfiiiherical art : 
 ^Ars sine arte, ciijns principiic^ est mentiri, me- 
 diuTn laborare, et finis Tnendicare.' 
 
 Al'chymist, Matua'rius, Adept'. One prie- 
 tending to alchymy. 
 
 ALCPCALUM, Cyriara scolymus. 
 
 AL'COHOL, Al'cahoi, Alchool, Alkol, Alcol, 
 Al'cool, Al'kool. An ^rabic word, formerly 
 used for an impalpable powder, and signifying 
 ' -vexy subtile, much divided.' At the present 
 day it is applied to highly 'rectified spirit of 
 wine: — see Spiritus rectijioatus or rectified 
 spirit, distilled from dried subcarbonate of pb- 
 tassa. In the JPh. U. S. Alcohol is rectified spi- 
 rit of the specific gravity 0,.P35. ' 
 
 Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than 
 water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans- 
 parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is 
 the product pf the distillation of vinous liquors ; 
 is miscible with water in all proportions, and 
 is the direct solvent of resins', balsams, &c. Va- 
 rious other vegetable principles are soluble in 
 it, and hencfe it is used, in different states of 
 concentration, in the preparation of elixirs, iitic- 
 tures, essences, &c. . 
 
 Alcohol acts on the animal 1)pdy as a power- 
 ful stimulus: as such, in a dilute form, it is used 
 in the prevention and cure of disease. Its ka- 
 bitual and inordinate use is the cause of many 
 serious affections, of a chronic character espe- 
 cially, as visceral obstructions, dropsy, &c. ■ 
 
 AitcoHOL ^theeeus Feeratus, A. sulfuricO- 
 asthereus ferri^a. cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinc- 
 tura aloes — a. Ammoniae et guaiaci, Tinctura 
 guaiaci ammoniata — a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus 
 ammoniae — a. Anlmoniatam aromaticum, Spi- 
 ritus ammoniae aromaticus — a. Ammoniatum 
 
ALGOL 
 
 35 
 
 ALGEDON 
 
 foetidum, Spiritus ammoniaB fctidus — a. cum 
 Aiomatibus sulphuxicatus, Sulphwicum acidum 
 nromatieum — a. cum Aroma<tibus compositus, 
 Xinctura cinniajnotni composita — a. Castoria- 
 turn, Tinotuira castorej, — a. cum Cfotone caaea- 
 rilla, Tinctura cascarills. — a. Dilutum, Spiritus 
 tenuior — a. Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis — 
 a.' cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum 
 tartarizatum — -a., cum Guaiaco officinale ammo- 
 niatus, Tinctura guaiaci ammouiata-^-a. I'odii, 
 Tinctura lodinae — a. cum Qpio, Tinctura opii 
 — a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. 
 Sulphuricum, Elixir acidum Halleri — a. Sul- 
 phur js,Carl)onis snlphuietum — a. Vini, Spiritus 
 rectificatus. ' 
 
 ALGOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALCOLiE, Aphthae. 
 
 ALC.OOL, Alcohol — :a.Camphr6,Sfint\iS cam- 
 phors. 
 
 ALCOOLAT, Tincture. 
 
 >ALCOOLATXfM, Tincture— a.- Antiscorbu- 
 tieum, Tinctura de cochleariis — a. Carminati- 
 vum Syiyii, Tinctura de Cochleariis— a., de 
 Croco compositum,Tincturade croco composita. 
 . ALCOOLtSER (F.) Formerly, ' to reduce 
 into an impalpable powder;' Jfo longer used. 
 
 ALCOOLOMETER,: Areometer. 
 
 ALCORNO.QUE' (F.) Cortex Alcomoco. A 
 bark, but' little known and distributed in !^ranee, 
 which has been considered capable of curing 
 phthisis. It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astrin- 
 gent. Dose of the powder Qi to ijss. 
 
 AL'CYON, Sal'cyon. A ^^yallow of Cochin 
 China, whose nests are gelatinous and very nu- 
 tritious. They have been proposed in medicine 
 as analeptic and aphrodisiac. ' '^ 
 
 AJjCYXyNlVM, Sastard spmigei The ashes 
 were, formerly employed as dentifrices: they 
 were believed propar for favouring the growth 
 of the hair and the beard, and were -used in 
 Alopecia. 
 
 ALDABARAN, Albadaran. 
 
 ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula— a. 
 Black, , trinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. ' Euro- 
 pean, Alnus glutinosa. 
 
 ALE, Cerevisia. , 
 
 ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 ALECOST, Tanacetiim balsamita. 
 
 ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria; .from 
 aXexrwg, 'a cock.' The name of a stone, sup- 
 posed to ejcist in the stomach of the cock, or, 
 according to others, in that of the capon, four 
 y«ars old. Many marvellous properties were 
 formerly attributed to it, vjhich are as ground- 
 less as its.existence. Therfe are no stones in the 
 stomach, except what have been swallowed; - 
 
 ALEGAR, Acetum. 
 
 ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 ALEIMMA, Liniment. 
 
 ALEIPHA, Liniment. 
 
 ALEIPTE'RIUM, from oJekixu, ' I anoint.' 
 , The place in the ancient gymnasium where liie 
 combatants anointed themselves. . 
 
 ALEIP'TRON. Same etymon. A box for 
 containing, ointments. , 
 
 ALEMA, Farina. 
 
 ALEM'BIC {Arab.) MoarshAad, Capitel'lmn, 
 Capiij'ulum, Am'bicus, (F.) AlamUc. A uten- 
 sil made of glass, metal, or earthen wajfe, and 
 adapted for distillation. It consists of a body 
 or eweurbit, to Which is attached a head or ea- 
 pital, and out of this a beaA descends laterally 
 to be inserted into the receiver. 
 
 ALEM'BROTH (Soft.) Sal Alemlroth. The 
 alchymists designated by this name, and by those 
 of Sal sapien'tiiZf Std- wrtis, Sal vites and S. 
 Sden^ieB^the product resulting from the subli- 
 mation 6f a mixture of corrosive sublimate and 
 sal ammoniac. It i« stiinulant, but iiot em- 
 ployed. 
 
 ALtSE, (F.) Aleze, Lin'tewm, from aXt^a, 
 ' I pr^eserve.' A guard. A clodi arranged in 
 several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to 
 guard it from the lochial or other discharges. 
 
 ALETON, Farina. 
 
 ■ALETRIS, A. farinosa. 
 
 Al'etkis, a. Farino'sa, Stargrass, Starwort, 
 Blazing star, Aloe-raot, Bitter grass, Blae^ root, 
 U-uicom root. Ague root. Ague grass, X>emVs-bit, 
 Mealy starwort, (F.) AUtris Meunier. Nat. 
 Ord. AsphodeleaB. Sex. Sj/st. Hexandria Mono- 
 gynia. This plant is an intense and permanent, 
 bitter, and is used as a tonie anyl stomachic. It 
 is common in the United States. 
 
 ALEURON, Farina. 
 
 ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration. 
 
 ; ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 ■ ALEXANDRIANTIDOTUgAUREA. See 
 Al^exandrine. . ' , 
 
 ALEXAN'DRINE; Emplais'trum Mexan'dri. 
 A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, con- 
 temporary of Mesne. Other ancient prepara- 
 tions were called 'Alexandrine;' as ^eAJex- 
 aa'dri antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy; the 
 CoUyr'iwm siccum Alexandri'num, or .' Collyr- 
 ium of 'King Alexander,' mentioned by A^tius. 
 
 itLEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic. 
 
 ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexipkar'macus, Ami- 
 phar'macus, Ale'xiea'cus, Caco-alexite'ria, Lexi- 
 phar'macus, (F.) Alexipharmaq-ue, from aXs^nr, 
 ' to repel,' and ifia^fianor, ' poison.' A term for- 
 merly used for medicines which were consi- 
 dered proper for expelling from the body vari- 
 ous morbific principles, or for preventing the 
 bad effects of poisons-taken inwardly. 
 
 ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 ALEXIR, Elixir. 
 
 ALEXITE'RIA, Gacalexite'ria, from ah.ti.- 
 a.a9ai, 'to assist;' Originally", alexiterium was 
 used synonymouslji; with remedy. In more 
 rhodern times it has been applied to a class of 
 medicines, that counteract poisons placed in 
 contact with the exterior of the body, in con- 
 tradistinction to alexipharmic. 
 
 ALEXITERIUM CHLORICUM, see Disin- 
 fection-^a. Nitricum, see Disinfection. 
 
 ALkZE, Alhe. ' 
 
 ALFUSA, Tutia. 
 
 ALGALIE, Catheter. 
 
 AL'GAROTH, Al'garot, Al^aro'thi Fulvis, 
 Pulvis AngeVicus, ■ Ox'idwm seu ' suhmu'rias 
 Stih'ii prcBcipitan'do para'tum, Anfiino'nii Ox'^ 
 ydn<m, Ox'idum antirrw'njii X^itro^-Tniiriat'icumy^ 
 Ox'idum Stib'ii Ac"ido Muriat'ico oapygena'to 
 para! turn, Mercu'rius Vttee, D/Tercu'rins Mortis, 
 Elowers of Antimony, (F.) Oxyde d'Anti- 
 moine, so called from Victor Algarothi, a Ve- 
 ronese physician. The S2ib^uriate of protox' 
 ide'of ffi?t«jwio«y,, separated from the muriate of 
 antimony by washing away some of its acid. 
 It was forinerly much used as an emetic, pur- 
 gative, and diaphoretic. 
 
 ALGE'DON, from at.y<,c, 'pain.' Violent 
 pain about the neck of the bladder, occasionally 
 occurring in gonorrh(Ea..T-Cockbuin. 
 
 Algedon, Pain. 
 
ALGEMA 
 
 36 
 
 ALKERMES 
 
 AL6EMA, Pain. 
 
 AL6ESIS, Pain.' 
 
 ALGETICUS, see Algos. 
 
 AL'GIDUS, from oig'or, « cold.' That which 
 is accompaiiied by coldness. 
 
 Al'sida Feeris, F. horrifica, F, kor'rida, 
 F, quer'guera, F. erymo'des, Bry'cetus, Bry^che- 
 tus. (F .) Fievre algide, Algid Fever. A per- 
 nicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold- 
 ness, which is often fatal in the second or third 
 paroxysm. v . 
 
 ALGOR, Rigor. 
 
 ALGOS, alyos, ' pain.' See Pain. Hence, 
 Algeficus, 'painftil,' as Epile'p'da algft'ika. 
 The suffix algia has the same signification as 
 in Cephalalgia, PUuralgia, Neuralgia, &c. 
 
 ' ALGOSPAS'MUS, from o;iysc, .'pain,' and 
 a-natrftog, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of 
 the muscles. r^ 
 
 ALHAGI, Agul. 
 
 ALHANDAL, see Gucumis colocynthis. 
 
 ALHASEF, Sudamina. 
 
 ALIBILIS, Nutritious. 
 
 AL'ICA, Sal'ica, Farina'riuTn, Chondnus, 
 from alere, ' td» nourish. A grain from which 
 the ancients made theii; tisanes; supposed,' by 
 some, to have been the Triticum spelta. At 
 times, it seims to have meant the tisane itself. 
 
 AL'ICES, from ctAiCo', 'I sprinkle.' Spots 
 which precede the eruption of small pox. 
 
 AtlENATIO, Anomalia-^a. Mentis, Insa- 
 nity. 
 
 ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity. 
 
 ALIENUS, Delirious. 
 
 AI.IFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid mus- 
 
 ALIFORMIS, Alafis, Pterygoid. 
 
 ALIGULUS, Confection. 
 
 ALIMA, Aliment. 
 
 ALIMELLiE, Parotid. 
 
 AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harmu'li'a, 
 Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sii^tentac'ulum, Ciba'- 
 rium, Broma, Comis'tl, Cilils, Esoa, Nutri'tus, 
 Nutrimen'tum, Sitos, Trophl. (F.) Aliment, 
 Nourriture, from alere, 'to nourish.' Food. 
 Any substance which, if introduced into the 
 system, is capable of nourishing it and repair- 
 ing its losses. 
 
 The study of aliments forms one of the most 
 important branches of hygiene. They are con- 
 fined to the organized kingdom, — the mineral 
 affording none. 
 
 As regards the immediate principles which 
 predominate in their composition, they have 
 been classed, but imperfectly, as follows : 
 
 TABLE OF ALIMENTS. 
 
 ( Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In- 
 \ dijin corn, potato, sago, pi as, 
 r beans,' &c. 
 C Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspa- 
 
 < ragds, , cabbage, lettuce, arii- 
 ( choke, melon, &c. 
 I Sugar,' fig/ date, raisin, apricot, 
 I ic. 
 
 i Orange, currant, gooseberry, 
 ) cherry, peach, strawberry, rasp- " 
 1 berry, mulberry, prune, pear, 
 \ apple, sorrel, &c. 
 ( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut, 
 \ walnut, animal fat, oil, butter, 
 ( &c. 
 
 Different kinfls of milk, cheese. 
 
 < Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, 
 
 < cellular texture 
 ( animals. 
 
 Brain, nerve, eg^s, &c. 
 I'lcsb and blood. 
 
 1. FectdaEeouB, 
 
 % Mit^iLaginous- 
 
 3. Saccharine^ 
 
 4. jSoidulous. 
 
 5. Oleaginous and 
 
 Fatty. 
 
 6. Caseous, 
 
 7. Oelalinous. 
 
 P. Jllhuminous, 
 0. Fibrinous. 
 
 very young 
 
 Dr. Prout has four great dasses — ^the aqtteousj 
 saccharine, oleaginous, and "albtuhinous : — Dr. 
 Pereira fWelve; — the, aqueous, mucilaginous 
 or gUTrvmy, saeeharinCy amylaceous, ligneous,' 
 pectinaceous, acidulous, aleoholic, oily OT fatty, 
 proteinaceous , gelatinous, and saline, . 
 
 Liebig. divides them into two classes :— ^the 
 
 NITROGENIZED Or tLA^TIC ELEMENTS OF- MUTRI- 
 
 TioN, iji , Which he coHiprises vegetable fibrin, 
 vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, fiesk,a.ad 
 blood; and the noh-nitbogenizei) or elements 
 of eespiration, in which he comprises, fat, 
 starch, gum, cane wigar, grape sugar, sugar 
 '•of^mili, pectin, bassorin, wihe,'beer and spirits,' 
 The former alpnc, in his view are inservient to 
 the nutrition of organized tissue : the latter are 
 burnt in respiration", and furnish 'heat. 
 
 . ALIMENTARY TUBE, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio, The act 
 of nourishing. 
 
 ALIMENTUM, Aliment,'Pabulum. 
 
 ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza. , ^ 
 
 ALINDE'SISjfrom xXtvioficii, 'tobe);urned 
 ?ibout.? A species of exercjse, which consisted 
 in rolling in the dust, aftsr having been anointed 
 with oil. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ALIP.^'N0S, AUpai'ilum, Alipan'tos, from a, 
 priv. and iimivij iv, ' to be fat.' An epithet for- 
 merly given to. every external remedy, devoid 
 of fet or moisture; such as powders.' — Galen. 
 
 ALIPANTOS, AlipaenoB. 
 
 ALIP'TA, AUp'tes, from aiinfis, 'I anointi' 
 He who anointed the Athletae after bathing. 
 The glace, where this was done was called 
 Alipte'riv/m. 
 
 ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta. 
 ' ALIP'TICA, same etymon. - The part of an- 
 cient medicine^ which treated of inunction, as 
 a means of preserving health. ; 
 
 ALISIFR BLANC, Cratjegus aria. 
 
 ALISMA, Arnica moiitjina. ' '- 
 
 Abis'ma ,^1'ANTa'go, Water Plantain, (F.) 
 Plantain d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Alismaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. The fresh root 
 is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. 
 The leaves have been proposed as substitutes 
 for Uva TTrsi. 
 
 ALITURA, Nutrition. - , 
 
 AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'nce. An ancient 
 pharmaceutical name for pijU'ets' fat. 
 
 ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence. 
 
 ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ammoniacum caus- 
 ticum, A-mmonia=^a. Ammoniacum spirituo- 
 sum, Spiritus.ammonise — a. Minerale nitratum. 
 Soda, nitrate of-^a. Minerale phosphoratutn. 
 Soda, phosphate of— a. Minerale salinum. Soda, 
 muriate of— a. Vegetable, Potash— a. Vegetabile 
 cum aceto, Potassae acetas— a Vegetabile fixum 
 causticum, Potassa fusa— a. Volatile, Ammonia 
 —a Volatile causticum, Ammonia— a. Volatile, 
 Concrete, Ammonis carbonas — a. Volatile riitra- 
 tumj Ammoniae nitras— a. Volatile ta^rtarizatum, 
 Ammonis tartras— a. Volatile vitriolatum, Am- 
 monias sulphas. 
 
 ALKANET, bastard, Lithdspermum of- 
 ficinale— a. Dyer's,^Anchusa tinctoria— a. Gar- 
 d^, Anchusa officinalis— a. Officinal, Anchusa 
 officinalis. 
 . ALKAR, Medicament. 
 
 ALKEKENGI, Physalis. 
 
 ALKfiR'MESi Confic'iio Alker'mes, Alcher'- 
 mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of a 
 multitude of substances. It was so called from 
 
ALKERVA 
 
 37 
 
 ALLOTRIOCHETIA 
 
 the grains of Tcermes contained in it. It was 
 used as a stimulant. Also kermes (q. v.) 
 
 ALKERVA, see Rieiniis comtaunis. 
 
 ALKITRAN, Cedria. ^ 
 
 ALKQL, AlcohoL 
 
 ALKOOL, Alcohol. 
 
 ALLA, Cerevisia. - , ' 
 
 ALLAITEMENT, Lactation. 
 
 ALLAMAN'DAj A, Cathar'tica,^ Ore'lia 
 grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips,, Echi'nus scandens, 
 Apoe"ymim scandens. A shrub, native of Gui- 
 aUa, the infusion of whose leaves is said by Lin- 
 naeus to be useful in colica Fictorium. 
 
 ALLANTODES, AUantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOIC ACID,Ae"»(i««tffiWffifflto'jc«OT. 
 A peculiar acid,- found in the liquor of the allan- 
 tois of the cow. 
 
 ALLANTOLDES, AUantois. 
 
 ALLAN'TOIS, Allantoi'des, AUanto'des, 
 Membra'na urina/riuy M, seu Tunica Fardmi- 
 na'lis, M. IntesHita'lis, the Ailantoid Vesicle, 
 fronft aJAos, 'a sausage,' and ti/bj, 'shape,' A 
 sort of elongated bladder, 'between the chorion 
 and amnion of the foetus, and communicating 
 with the bladder .by the urachus. It is very 
 apparent in quadrupeds, but not in the human 
 species. The fluid of the allantois has been 
 considered inservient to the nutrition of the 
 foetus ; but our ideas, in regard to the vesicle in 
 maUi are fer from being determinate. 
 
 ALLANTOTQX'ICUM, &om cLlXa?, 'a sau- 
 sage, anl To^ixoT, 'a poison.' Sausage poison 
 (G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this 
 name to a poison developed in sausages formed 
 of Mood and liver. 
 
 ALLELUIA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 ALLE'VIATOR: from dd, «to,' and 7«»ar«, 
 'to raise.' A soother. An instruirient for 
 raising invalids, invented by Mr. Jenks of 
 Rhode Island. It consists of two upright posts, 
 about six feet high, each supported by a pedes- 
 tal; of two horizontal bars at the top, rather 
 longer than a common bedstead; of a windlass 
 of the samr length, placed six inches below the 
 upper bar ; of a cog-wheel "and handle ; of iinen 
 bejts from six to twelve inches wide; of straps 
 secured at one end of the windlass ; and at the 
 other having hooks attached to corresponding 
 eyes in the linen belts, and of a head piece inade 
 , of netting. The patient Iryingdn his mattress, 
 the surgeon passes the linen. belts beneath his 
 bcidy, attaching them to the hooks on the ends 
 of the straps, and adjusting thp whole at the 
 proper distance and length, so as to balance the 
 , body exactly, and theii raises it from the mat- 
 tress by turning the handle of the windlass. 
 To lower the patient again, and replace him on 
 the mattress, the windlass must be reversed. 
 
 ALLGOOD5 -Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
 
 ALLSEAL, Heracleum spondylijim. 
 
 ALLIA'CEOUS, Alliafceus, from allium, 
 'garlic' Belonging to garlic, as alliaceous 
 odour. 
 
 ALLIAIRE, AUiaria. 
 
 ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resem- 
 bling garlic. A. officina'lis, Erys'trmum allia'- 
 ria, Jack^n-the-hedge, stinking h^ge Mustard, 
 Hedge Garlic, Sauce- alone, Hes'peris allia'ria, 
 (F.) Alliaire. This plant has been sometimes 
 given in humitj asthma and dyspnoea. It is re- 
 puted to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor- 
 butic. . ^ . 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup 
 
 of alliaria, Sirop d" erysimum composi, which is 
 used in hoarseness. 
 
 ALLKJATURA, Fascia, Ligature. 
 
 ALLIOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 AL'LIUM, from oleoi' I smell.' A. sati'vum, 
 Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelopfrasum, Scor'o- 
 don, Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail, Nat. Ord. 
 Asphodeleae. Sex.Syst. Hexandria Monbgynia. 
 A native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The 
 bulbs or, cloves, Ag'lithes, .Jiave a strong, offen- 
 sive, and penetrating odour; eind a sweetish, 
 biting, and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is 
 stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue 
 (?) , diaphoretic, and anthelmintic. Externally, 
 it is'rubefacient, maturati'v^e, and Tepellent. 
 
 Dose, one to six cloves, swillovyed whole, or 
 from f. gss to f. Jjij of^the juice. 
 
 Taylof'sf Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, 
 appears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of 
 almonds, and coloured by alkanet root. 
 ' AlLiijm Asoalonicum, £chalotte. 
 
 Al'lium Cepa, Commion Onion, Cepul'la, 
 Crom'myon, (F.) Oignon. Acrid and stimu- 
 lating ai^d possessing very little nutriment. 
 Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics, 
 and anthelmintics. The^ boiled or roasted 
 onion, as a cataplasm, is emollient and matu- 
 rating. The fresh root is rubefacient. The 
 expressed juice is sometimes u?ed in otalgia and 
 in rheumatism. 
 
 Allium tiALLicuM, Porttilaca. 
 
 Al'lium Pohrum, Porrum, JPrasum, v^aoo^, 
 the Leeh ovPbrret; (F.) Poireau,Porreau. It 
 possesses the same properties as the onion. 
 
 The virtues of the genus .4//ij«» depend upon 
 an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, 
 acids, and alkalies. 
 
 Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 Al'lium' Victoeia'le, Victoria'Us longa. 
 The root, which, when dried, loses its allia- 
 ceous smell and taste, is said to be eflicacious 
 in allaying the abdominal spasms of pregnant 
 women (?) : 
 
 K'LLOGISS.H'XKjAllotriochefia, from aXUc, 
 ' another,' and 5^5 tc 1 r, "' to go to stool . ' The dis- 
 charge of extraneous matters from the bowels. 
 The discharge of faeces by an abnormous open- 
 ing. 
 
 ALLQCHOOS, Delirious. 
 
 ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aXXog, 'another,' 
 and jcgaiiia, ' colour.' . A change of colour. 
 ,-ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy; 
 
 -ALLCEOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLCEOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLOIOSIS, Alteration. 
 
 ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative. 
 
 ALLONGEMENT, Elongation. 
 
 ALLOPATH, Allopathist. 
 
 ALLOPATHES, Allopathic. 
 
 ALLOPATH'IC, Allopatk'icus, Allop'athes, 
 Heteropath'ic, from aXXoc, 'another,' and na6o(, 
 ' affection.' Relating to the ordinary method of 
 medical practice, in contradistinction to the ho- 
 moeopathic. ' 
 
 ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath, same etymon. 
 One who follows allopathy. 
 
 ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, AUceopathi'a, 
 Hypenantio' sis, Sypenantio'ma, Cura'tio con- 
 trario'rumper contraifia, same etymon. The op- 
 posite to homoeopathy.' The ordinary medical, 
 practice. 
 
 ALLOPHASIS, Delirium. 
 
 ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia. 
 
ALLOTRIODONTIA 
 
 38 
 
 ALTERATION 
 
 ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from anorgioif 'fo- 
 reign,' and oious, 'fi tooth.' Transplantation of 
 teeth. 
 
 ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from oJJoTeios, 'fo- 
 reign,' and BXKQiaic:, ' separation.' The separa- 
 tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis- 
 ease. , , 
 
 ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Paragenstia. ' 
 
 ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malaeia. 
 
 ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from a;i;ioTe5oc, 'fo- 
 reign,' and Ts|i;, 'parturition.^' The bringing 
 forth of an abnormous fcetuB. 
 
 ALLOTRIU'RJAi from anorgiog, ' foreign,' 
 and ougov,- 'urine.' Admixture 'of foreign mat- 
 ters with the urine. 
 
 AL'LOTROPISM ; from aiios, 'another,' ahd 
 rQonof, ' a turn- or change.' A term recently^ 
 introduteed into chemistry; the object df which 
 is to express the property possessed by certain 
 simple bodies, of assumingdi&rentqualities on 
 being'subjeeted to certain modes of treatment. 
 Carboii, for' example, fnrnishes three forms — : 
 plumbago, charcoal, and diajnond. 
 
 ALLSPICE, see Myrtusjrimenta — a. Bush, 
 LauTus Benzoin-<-a. Wild, Lauriis Benzoin, 
 
 ALLUCINATIO, IfaUucination. 
 
 ALLURE, Influenza. ,' 
 
 ALMA, Water. 
 
 ALMARIAB, see PlumVi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 ALMEZERION, Cneornm tricotcum. 
 
 ALMOND, Amygdala. 
 
 Almond Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, 'formed 
 of Brazil dust, _^j, water, Oiij; boil and strain; 
 and add isinglass gvj, grana sylvestria ^ij, or 
 cochineal gij, alum gj, horacp )5iij; boil again, 
 and strain through a fine cloth. 
 
 Almomd Cake, see Amygdala — a. of the Ear, 
 Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hyp,ogas4 — a. Paste, 
 see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a. 
 of the Throat, Tonsil. ' , . 
 
 ALNUS Gt,VT:i^O'?,&.,Bm-opi'anAl'<hr. A 
 tree which grows in Europe, in moist places. 
 The bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; 
 and hence are employed in intermittents, and as 
 a tonic and astiingent. ' 
 
 AlnuS Serrat'xila, AimerieoDt Aider, has 
 similar properties. 
 
 Alnds Nigra, Rhamnusfrangida.' ' 
 
 ALOCHI'A, from a privative, and Xoxna, 
 ' lochia.' Absence of the locihial discharge. 
 
 ALOEDA'RIUM. A compouijd mefficine, 
 containing aloes. — GwrEeus. 
 
 ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa. 
 
 AL'OES, Al'oi, Pel Natu'ra. The inspis- 
 sated juice of the atol. Nat. Ord., Asphodeleae.- 
 Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. 
 
 Aloes Caballi'na, .4. Guiniev'sis, Horse- 
 aloes. , Used chiefly for horses. It is collected 
 in Spain and Portu^l, and is very coarse. 
 
 Aloes Hbpat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barba- 
 den'sis, Hepat'ic aloes, Bombaj/ aloes, BarBadoes 
 aloes, A. vulga'ris ea^rae'twm, (F.) Aloes en 
 calibasses, A. des Barhades. This species has 
 a very disagreeable Odour, and an intensely 
 bitter and nauseous taste. Properties the same 
 as the last. 
 
 Aloes 9dccotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Tur- 
 key aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu^ci^a, A, 
 Zoctori'nia, A. spica'ta,A. s'pica'ta extrac'tiMti, 
 A. extraclum, An'ima Aloes, is the best spe- 
 cies. Its odour is not unpleasant; taste very 
 bitter, and slightly aroiriatic; colour reddish- 
 
 brown, with a shade of purple; mass hard, fria- 
 ble; fracture conchpidal and glossy; soluble in 
 dilute alcohol." Powder of a bright cinnamon- 
 yellow colour. It is catharfifi. Warm, and sti- 
 mulating; emmenagogue, ahthellnintic, and sto- 
 machic. Asa cathartic^ it affects the rectum 
 chiefly. Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to 9j. in 
 pill. 
 
 Aloes Wood, Agallochnm. 
 
 ALOET'IC, Aloet'ieus. A preparation which 
 contains aloes. 
 
 ALOGOTROPHTA, from xXcy^ig, 'dispro- 
 portionate,' and iQixfti, ^nutrition.' Irregular 
 nutrition. Used particularly to designate the 
 irregular manner in which the nutrition of 
 bones is operated in riekety individuals. 
 
 ALOPECES, Psoae. 
 
 ALOPE'CrAjfrom aAoTtiif.'afox;' (thisam- 
 mal being said to be subject to the affection.) 
 Cajpillo'rum deJlK'viwm, Athrix dejri'lis, Pha- 
 lairo'tis, IXejnla'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix, Gan- 
 gree^a Aiope'eijiy Atrich'ia, Defiuviilm seu 
 ■Lapsus Pilo'rum, IApsotrich'ia,y-ulpi9 tnorhiiSf 
 Baldness. Falling' off of the hair; loss" of the 
 hair. When this is confined to the crown of 
 the head, it is called calvities (q. v.),.although 
 the terms are ©ften used synonymously. 
 
 Alopecia- Areata, Porrigo decalvana— a. 
 Circumscripta, Porrigo decalvans — a. Partialis, 
 Porrigo decalvans. 
 ^ALOUCHE, CrartsBgus aria. ' 
 
 ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured 
 from the canella alba tree. 
 
 ALOTICHIER, CratsBgns aria. 
 
 ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast 
 of Malabar. Certain parts- of this, infused; in 
 oil, form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of 
 the leaves, mixed with that of calawm», is em- 
 ployed against the bite of serpents. 
 
 'ALFllENIC, Saccharum-candidnm. 
 
 ALPHITEDON, see Fricture. 
 
 ALPHITON, aK<fnov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. 
 Any kind of meal, Toasted *arley-meal. — 
 Hippocrates. Polenta means also a food com- 
 posed of Indian meal, cheese, &c. . See Farina. 
 
 ALMION'SIN, Alphonslnum. A kind, of 
 bullet forceps, sinrrilar to a Porte-erayox, so . 
 called from the inventor, Aljdeonso Ferri, of 
 Naples. — Seultetus. 
 
 ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides. 
 - ALPHOSIS ^THIOPICA, see Albino. 
 
 ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM,Amomum.car- 
 damomum — a. Galanga, ^aranta galanga.' 
 
 ALPISTE, Phalaris Caipdiensis. 
 
 ALSANDERS, Smyrniumolusatrum, 
 
 ALSICfiTE ME'DIA, from aXn;y <a. grove,' 
 because growing abundantly in the woods. Mor- 
 bus Galli'na, ^Holos'tenm Alsi'nE^ Mouse-ear, 
 Chieiwied, (F.) Mimron des Oiseaut, Morge- 
 line. This plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten 
 like spinich, and forms an excellent emollient 
 poultice. It was formerly regarded as a vulne- 
 rary and detergent. 
 
 ALTAFOR, Camphor. 
 
 ALTER SEXUS, Sex female. 
 
 ALTERANS, Alterative.' , ^ 
 
 ALTERANT, Alterative. 
 
 ALTERA'TION,^/ii«7-a'fiV,froma/*cr, 'other,' 
 Atloio'sis,AtliBO'sis . This word is used in Franee 
 to express a morbid change which supervenes 
 in the expression of the countenance (alteration 
 de la face j\oi in the structure of an organ {al- 
 teration orgarnqne,) or in the nature of fluids 
 
ALTERATIVE 
 
 39 
 
 ALV&OLE 
 
 excited {alteration de Purine, des larmes, du 
 lait, Sf'-) 
 
 Alteration is also used in an entirely differ- 
 ent sense, to express intense thirst in disease. 
 In this case its fitymclogy is different. It comes 
 from haleter, and was formerly written haliter- 
 ation.' 
 
 AL'TERATIVE;, Alteram, AUoiot'ieips, Al- 
 lobQt'ic^LS, Aliiot'icus, Zni/inu'tans . A medicine 
 considered to be capable of producing a salutary 
 change in a disease,. but without exciting any 
 seogil^le evacuation, i As toedicine improves, 
 this uncertain class of remedies becomeSj of ne- 
 cessity, diminished in number. 
 
 (F.) Altirant. (The French terra likewise 
 means, that which causes thirst, — Sitieulo'sms, 
 Dipset'icus, as Altirer means both to change, and 
 to cause thirst. S'alterer, is, to experience a 
 change for the worse, — cOrrwm'pi,^ 
 
 ALTERCANGENON, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamas. 
 
 ALTH^'A, from axdcir, 'to heal;' A.ojfi,- 
 eina'lis, WEalvavis'cum, AristalthtK^a, S/ibis'cus, 
 Ibis'chiiSjIbisicka mismal'va, Bigmal'va, Marsh 
 •mallow. (F.) Guimatwe, Nat-. Ord. Malva- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Monadelphia Polyandiia. The- 
 leaves and root contain much mucilage. They 
 are emollient and deniuleent, and are employed 
 wherever mediciries, possessing such properties, 
 are required. ' In the Ph. U. S., Althaea is the 
 root of Althaea officinalis. 
 
 ALTHANAIHA, Orpimenf. i 
 
 ALTHEtrS, Physician. 
 
 ALTHEXIS,. Curation. 
 
 ALTHOS, Medicament. 
 
 ALTILIB AT, Terebinthina. 
 
 ALU'DEE, Alu'tel, Vitrwm suhlimfito'rium. 
 A hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, 
 with a short neck projecting at each end, by 
 means of which one glass might be set upon the 
 other. The uppermost had no aperture at the 
 top. Aludels were formerly i(sed in the subli- 
 mation of various substances. 
 
 ALUM, Symphyturn — a. Catajriasm, Coagu- 
 lum alnminosiim^-a.' Egyptian, ^gyptia styp- 
 teria. ' 
 
 Alum, ^oC3.^,Mu'mende'Rochi,(^ ^ Aluri de 
 Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where 
 there was a manufactory. It is in pieces of the 
 size of an alnjiond, covered with a reddish efflo- 
 rescence. 
 
 Cowmon Roche ^/«wi, A. Rocjii G-allis. Frag.* 
 ments.of common alum, moistened and shaken 
 with prepared bole. It is white when broken. 
 
 Alum Root, Geranium mactdatum, Heiichera 
 cortusa — a. Solution of, compound, Liq. alu- 
 minis compos. 
 
 Al.U'MEN,,(an Arabic term, alum,) Alum, 
 Sypersul'phas alii'mince et Potas'stB, Potas'sce 
 'alu'7mno-sulp}ias, Sul'pkas Alumina Acid'ulus 
 ewmPotcts'sdfSulfhas A]ai,'mificR,Sul'phas Kal'- 
 ico-alumin'icwm. Sulphas al-umina'ris, Super- 
 mZ'phas alu' mince et potas''sm, Argil'la sul'phu'- 
 rica.ajlcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, St/ypte'^a, Su- 
 persul'p^as Argil'la alcaiisa'twrn, Argill-a Ko' 
 Hsulphurica. (F.) Alun, 
 
 Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce-r-a. 
 Fixum, see Potash — 4. Kinosatum, PulVis sul- 
 phatis alurriinae compositiiB. ^ 
 
 ALn'MEN Commu'n e. Common alum, English 
 alum. Rod alum,, Ahtmtn facti"tiv>>i,, A. crys- 
 tall'inum, A. ru'pewm, (F.) Aliun d^Angletetre, 
 is the variety usually employed. It is in octa- 
 
 hedral crystals, but generally in large, white, 
 semitransparent masses; has a sweetish, styptic 
 taste; effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 
 parts of water at 60°. It is tonic and astrin- 
 gent, and as spch is used internally and exter- 
 nally. Dose, gr. v. to xV. • 
 
 ALUfMErf Exsicc a'tum, .4te'«M6» ustum, A. 
 'cal find turn jSulphat alu'mince fusus, Argil'la 
 sulphu'rica usta. Burnt ahtm, dried alum. (F.) 
 Alun caldni, (Alum melted in an earthen vessel 
 until ebulUHim ceases.) Escharotic, 
 
 Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti- 
 lum, A. Rubnim. (V,) Alun de Rome. Incrys- 
 tsils, which are of a pale red when brokens and 
 covered with a reddish efflorescence. j 
 
 ALUMINA, ACETATE OF, Alumins Ace- 
 tas — a. Piira, Argilla pura — a. Sulphate- of. 
 Aluminas Suljdias. 
 
 . ALU^MIN^E ACE'TAS, Ac"etate of Alu'- 
 mina. A deliquescent salt, obtained by the ad- 
 ditiop of acetate of lead to sulphate of ahimina 
 and potassa. , It possesses the same properties 
 as the. sulphate of alumina; 
 ' Alu'min.e at Potass^ Htpeesulphas, Alu- 
 nien — a. et Potassae supersulphas, Alumen — a. 
 Sulphas, Alilmen. , . , 
 ' Alu'minje Sulphas, Sulphate of Alu/mina. 
 Sinjple sulphate of alumina may be made "by the 
 direct combination of alumina and sulphuric 
 acid, and contains 30 per cent, of the former, 
 to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is a deliquescent 
 salt; and is an excellent antiseptic and detergent 
 to ulcers. It is chiefly used to preserve dead 
 bodies— a strong solution being injected into the 
 arteries.. , (. 
 
 AmMiNiE Stilehas Acidulus cum Potassa, 
 Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum. 
 
 ALUMINE FACTJCE, Argilla pura. 
 , ALUN, Alumen. 
 
 ALUNSEL, Gutta. - 
 
 ALUS, Symphytum. 
 
 ALUSIA, Hallucination— a. Hypochondria- 
 sis, Hypochondriasis. it 
 
 ALUTEL, Aludel. 
 
 ALYAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosai- 
 ' ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ALVEARIUM, Auditor^ canal, extel^nal. 
 
 ALVE'OLAR. Alveota'ris, from alveus, ' a 
 cavity.' (F.) Alviolaire. That Which relates 
 to the alveoli. 
 
 Alve'olaH Aeches, (F.) Arcades alveo- 
 laires, are formed by the margins or borders of 
 th,e.two jaws, which are hollowed by the Alveoli 
 (q. V.) 
 
 Alve'olae AitTEEr, Supra-Tliax'illary A., 
 Artire sus-ma^llaire of Chaussier, arises from 
 the internal maxijlary, descends behind the tu- 
 berosity of the upper jaw, and gives branches 
 to the upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, 
 membrane of the maxillary, sinus, aiid buccina- 
 tor muscle. 
 
 Alveolar Bokdee, Limbus alveola'ris. The 
 part of the jaws., that is hollowed "by the alve- 
 oli. 
 
 Alve'olae Membranes are very fine mem- 
 branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, 
 and formed by a portion of the sac or follicle 
 which enclosed the tooth before it pierced the 
 gum. By some this membrane has been called 
 the alveolo-dental periostewm. 
 
 Alve'olae Vein. This has a similar distri- 
 bution with the artery. 
 
 ALViOLE, Alveolus. 
 
ALVEOLI DENTIS 
 
 40 
 
 AMBLYAPHIA 
 
 ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus. 
 ,ALV£OLO-LABIAL, Baccimtoi.. - 
 
 ALVE'OLUS, same etymon; Bo'trion, Bo'- 
 thnon, Odontoboth' rium, Odon.tophat'ni, Frena, 
 Mortariolum, Hol'micos, Prase^jilumi I'hatn-i, 
 Phat'nion, PrcBse'jdum, Patnl, Pathnl. (F.) 
 Alveole, The alveoli are the sockets of the teeth, 
 Alve'oli dentis, Mm'ni'a seu Caver'nce den'tiwm, 
 into which they are, as it were, clriven. Their 
 size and shape are deterrainqd by the teeth 
 which they receive, andthey are pierced at the 
 apex by small holes, which give passage to the 
 dental vessels and nerves. 
 
 ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Reeepta- 
 culum chyli — a. Arapullescehs, thoracic duct — 
 a. Communis : see Semicircular canals — a. Utri- 
 culosus : see Semicircular canals. 
 
 ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation—a. :i^luxus 
 aquosus, Diarrhtea — a,. Laxitas, Diarrhoea — a. 
 Profluvium,. Diarrhoea. 
 
 ALVIDUCUS, Laxative. 
 
 ALVINE, Alm'nws, from alv'us, ' the abdo- 
 men.' That which relates to Ihe lower belly, 
 as alvine dejections, alvine Jiuq;, alvine obstruc- 
 tions (q. V.) &c. 
 
 ALVtTM EVACUANS, Cathartic. '' 
 
 ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta, 
 Constipation — a. Cita, DiarrWa — a. Dura,Coli- 
 stipatio^a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — a. 
 Tarda, Constipation — a. Viridis, Dejection, 
 
 ALYCE, Anxiety. 
 
 AL'YPON, from =>, priv., and Ivmi], 'pain.' 
 An acrid, purging plant, described by Matthio- 
 lus. By some it hjis been supposed to be the 
 GlobtUa'ria (dyjinm of botanists.: 
 
 ALYSIS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSMITS, Anxiety. 
 
 ALYSSUM PLINII, Galitim Mollugo. 
 
 ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. . 
 
 AL'ZILAT. In some of thfe Arabian writers, 
 a weight of three grains,— Rulajid and John- 
 son. ■ ^ 
 
 AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris. 
 
 AMADOU, Boletus igniai-ius, 
 
 AMADOXIVIER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation. 
 
 AMANDES, see Ansygdala. 
 
 AMANI'T^,' frorn a privative, and fiana, 
 ' madness :' i. e. ' not poisonous;' A name given, 
 by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham- 
 pignons. Amanita- formSj at the present day, a 
 genus, Some of whifch are edible, others poison- 
 ous. Amongst others, it cont^s the Agaricu^ 
 aurantiacus and A. pseudo-anrantiacus, 
 
 AMJ^RA DUL'CIS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 AMARACrlTUM. An ancient and esteeined 
 plaster, containing several aromatics, the mar- 
 joram, afiaQaxof, iri particular. 
 
 AMARACUS, Origanum majorana. 
 
 AMARITIES, Bitterness, , . 
 
 AMARITUDO, Bitterness. 
 
 AMAROR, Bitterness. 
 
 AMARUOACHU, Polyanthes tuberosa. 
 
 AJIA'RUS, Picros, ' bitter.' (F.) Amhr. The 
 bitter principle of vegetables is the great na- 
 tural tonic, and hence bitters, as they are termed 
 collectively, belong to the class of topics.' Se,- 
 veral are used in medicine j the chief are, gen- 
 tian, quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &c. 
 
 AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a privative, 
 and ftaarjaig, ' mastication.' Mastication when 
 impeded or impracticable. 
 
 AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 AMATORII, Oblique muscles of the eye, 
 
 AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter, 
 
 AMATORIUS MUSCUI^US, Obliquus>upe- 
 riori oculi, , . 
 
 AMAVRO'SlSjOb/usea'tio, Offuscaftio, from 
 auavQos, ' obscure.' JJrop serene, Crutta sere'na, 
 Catarac'td nigra, Parop'sis amawro'sis, Immo- 
 bil'itas pupil' ia., Suffit.'sio nigra. Black cata- 
 ract. (F.) Goutte-sereine, Cataracte noire, Anop- 
 ticonervie^ (FioxTj:) Diminutioh, or complete 
 loss of sight, without any perceptible alteration 
 in the organi2;ation of the eye; generally, per- 
 haps, owing to loss of |)Ower'of the optic nerve 
 or retina. Counter-irritants are the most suc- 
 cessful remedial agents,' although the disease is 
 always vejy difficult of remdval, and generally 
 totally incurable. 
 
 Amaukosjs Dimidiata, Hemiopia — a. Imper- 
 fecta, Hypo-amaurosis. ,• , 
 
 AMAUROT'IC, Amanroficus; same ety- 
 mon. A^ected With amaurosis. 
 
 AMAtTEOTic Cat's Eye, Galeamaurq'sis. A 
 name given by Beer to an amaurotic -affection, 
 accompanied by a remarkable change of colour 
 in the pupil, which presents, apparently in tjie 
 fundus of "the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or 
 brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear 
 black. ' ■. 
 
 AMBA.RUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritinm, 
 Ambergris.^ .,• 
 
 AMBE, from av/Saircii, 'I ascend;' Amii. A 
 superficial eminence on a ,bo;ie.- Also, an old 
 surgical machine for reducing dislocations of 
 the shoulder ; the invention of which is ascribed 
 to ftippocrates. It is no longer used. — Hippo- 
 crates, Scultetus. See Crista. 
 
 AMBER, Succinum^a. Liquid : see Liquid- 
 amber styraciflua. , , 
 
 AM'BERGRIS. Ambra gri' sea, Ambdr, Am- 
 bar, Ambrti cinera'cea, A. a/mbrosiaca, Amiba- 
 rum, Stic' cimtm, cine' reum>, S.gri' seum,A'w!bc^ 
 rum cineri"titim. A concrete substance, of the 
 consistence of'wax, cineritious colour studded 
 with y'elloW and blackish spots, and exhaling a 
 very pleasant odour." It seems Wghly probable 
 that ambergris is formed in th,e intestines of the t 
 whale, and voided with its excrements.. Like 
 all aromatic substances-, ambergris is Slightly 
 antispasmodic arid excitant; but it is oftener 
 employed as a perfume than as a medicine. 
 
 A MB I A. A liquid, yellpw ^itumen, the 
 smell and virtues of which are similar to those 
 of the resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a 
 spring' in India. 
 
 AMBICUS, Alembic. 
 
 AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius, from ambo, 
 ' both,' and dexter, ' right.' ' Ojie who uses both 
 hands with equal fecility. Celsus says the sur- 
 geon ought to be '-non minus sinistra quam dex- 
 trd promptus .' One of the, aphorisms of Hippo- 
 crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter. 
 This is a mistake. 
 
 AMBILyEVUS, Ampharisteros. 
 
 AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, 
 VoEt'bulum. 
 
 AMBLOMA,. Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 
 AMBL0SMU8, Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion. 
 
 AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive. • 
 
 AMBLOTICUS, Abortive. . 
 
 AMBLUS, aiifiXve, 'obscure.' Hence, 
 , " AMBLYAPH'IA, from vftpivs, 'obscure,' 
 
AMBLYOGMOS 
 
 41 
 
 AMMl 
 
 and '091;, 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia.^ 
 
 AMBLYO'PIA, from a^jifios, ' obscure,' and 
 iK-w, 'the eye.' AmUyos'mos, Amblyog'mos, 
 Amplio'pea (so called by some, according to 
 Castelli, ob ignorantiam Grteeee Ungti.ce,) Hebe- 
 tu'do visus. Feebleness of sight, (F.) Vue foi- 
 ble. First degree of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Amblyopia Crepcsoularis, Hemeralopia — 
 a. Dissitorunif Myojiia — a. Meridiana, Nyctalo- 
 pia — a. Proximorum, Presbytia. 
 
 AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia. 
 
 AMBON, uu(Siuv, ' the raised rim of a shield 
 or dish,' froM a^i|Soif(|i, ' I ascend.' ' The fibro- 
 cartilaginous rings or bourretets, which sur- 
 round the articular cavities,.as the glenoid ca- 
 vity of the scapula, the acetabulum, &c., have 
 been so called. — Galen, See Crista, 
 
 AMBOR, Ambergris, 
 
 AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber- 
 gris — a. Cineracea, Ambergris. 
 
 AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris, 
 ■^ AMBRE BLANC, Succinum (album)— a. 
 Jaune, Succinum. 
 
 AMBRETTB, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 AMBRO'SIA) from a, privative, and |S?oto|, 
 ' mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the 
 food of immortals. The food of the gods, — 
 Homer. See also, Chenopodium botrysi 
 
 Ambrosia Elatioe, see A. Trifida. 
 
 Ambro'sia Maeit'im a. a plant which grows 
 on the shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant, 
 bitter and aromatic taste. It is given in infu- 
 sion, as a tonic and antispasmodic, 
 
 Ambro'sia Trif'ida, Hgrseweed, Richiveed, 
 Horsemint, Horsecane, Bittericeed. This in- 
 digenous plant is found in low grounds and 
 along streams, from Canada to Georgia, and 
 west to Louisiana and Arkansas. It is an an- 
 nual, and flowers in August and September. 
 An infusion has been recommended loqally in 
 mercurial salivation. 
 
 Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by 
 Dr. R. E. Griffith to have much more deve- 
 loped sensible properties. 
 
 AMBROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopo- 
 dium ambrosioides. ' 
 
 AMBULANCE, (F.) from ambulare, 'to 
 walk.' A military hospital attached to an army, 
 and moving along with it. Also called Hopital 
 
 AMBULANT, (F.) Am'bulans, Ambulati'- 
 vus, Am'bulative. A morbid affection is said 
 to be ambulante, when it Skips from one part to 
 another; as Eriaypeles a/lhbulants. Inc. When 
 blisters are applied successively on different 
 parts of the body, they are Called Vcsicatoires 
 
 AMBT7LATI0, Walking. - 
 
 AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an 
 Indian aquatic herb, which appears to belong 
 to the family LysimacJdcs. The whole plant 
 has a sweet smell. Its decoction has a very 
 bitter taste, and is an excellent febriftige. It 
 is also taken in milk in cases of vertigo. 
 
 AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'- 
 STJS, Flatus furio'sus, Yare'ni. Painful, mo- 
 bile, and periodical tumours affecting difierent 
 parts, which were once considered as the effect 
 of very subtile vapours — ^Michaelis. Their na- 
 ture is by no means clear. 
 4 
 
 AMBUSTIO, Bum. 
 AMBUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 AMBUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creep- 
 ing aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of . 
 which is exhibited successfully in obstructions. 
 It is also used in fumigation and in baths as a 
 tonic. 
 
 AmE, Anima. 
 
 AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a 
 genus upkuown. The decoction of its ileaves 
 is said to relieve colic. Its root's, boiled in oil, 
 are used to repel tumours. 
 . AMELIA, Apathy. 
 
 AMENIA, Amenorrhcea, Emmenagogues. 
 
 AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed 
 from the hatin amanus, 'agreeablCj'and/Mowa, 
 ' mania.' A gay form of insanity. 
 
 AMENORRHffi'A, Farame'nia qbstr,uctio'- 
 nis, Menoeryph'ia, Menosta'sia, Apophrax'is, 
 J^rrhce'a, Defe^tSM sen Reman' sio sen £leJ3a'tio 
 men'sium^, Menstrua'tio im^di'fa, Ischome'nia, 
 Aine'fda, from a, privative, /api, f a/ttonth,' and 
 geco, ' I flow.' Suppression of the menses, (F.) 
 Suppression dm, flva: snenstruel. This suppres- 
 sion is most commonly symptomatic, and hence 
 the chief attention must he .paid to .the cause. 
 Usually, there is an atonic state of the system 
 generally, and hence chalyheates and other 
 tonics are advisable. 
 
 Tiyo great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com- 
 monly reckoned^ 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'- 
 sio men'siMO,, Menis'ehesis, Menos'chesis, Men- 
 strua'tiT3 retenta, Men'sium reten'tio. Reten- 
 tion of the menses, when the menses do not ap- 
 pear at the iisual age : .and, 2, Suppres'sio l^en'- 
 siirni, Saup^es'sio M6nMruatio'nis,Amenorrha'a 
 Suppressio'nis, I?itemtp'tio menstruatio'nis, 
 MenstTwa'tio s»^jpr«««a, in which the catamenia 
 are obstructed intheir regular periods of recur^ 
 rence. See Emansio Mensium, and Menses. 
 
 AsiENOREHajA DiFFioiLis, Dysmenoirjioea^ 
 a, Emansionis, see Amenorrhcea — a. Hymenica, 
 see Hymenious— a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhcea — 
 a. Suppressionis, see Amenorrhcea. 
 
 AMENTIA, Dementia: see, also, Ffituitas, 
 and Idiotism — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged, 
 
 AMkR, Amarus. 
 
 AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum 
 tuberosum. ■ 
 
 AMERTUME, Bitternfess. 
 
 AM'ETHYST, Ametkys'tus, from «, priva- 
 tive, and /icSvm, ' I am drunk.' A precious 
 stone, to which the ancients attributed the pro- 
 perty of preventing drunkenness. It was also 
 used as an anti-diarrhceic and absorbent. — Pliny, 
 Albertus Magnus. 
 
 AMETH'YSUM, Ametkys'tum, {remedium) 
 Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk- 
 enness. 
 
 AMETRIA, Intemperance. Also, absence 
 of the uterus; from a, privative, and ftijTga, 
 ' the uterus.' 
 
 AMICULUM, Amnios. 
 
 AMIDUM, Amylum. 
 
 AMINiEA, Anime. 
 
 AMIN^'UM VINUM, Amine' an mine,, high- 
 ly esteemed as a stomachic, yirgil distinguish- 
 es it from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius,&c. 
 
 AMMA, Truss. 
 
 AMMI, Ammi majus, Bishop's .weed, A. Vul- 
 ga'ri. The seeds of this plant are aromatic 
 and pungent. They are said to be carminative 
 and diuretic,and are tonic and stomachic. 
 
AMMION 
 
 42 
 
 Ammi Veehm, see Sison ammi' — a. des Bou- 
 tigues, see Sison ammi. 
 
 AMMION, Hydrargyii sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 AMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
 
 AMMOCHO'SIA, Ammoc/io'sis, from a/jL/ioc, 
 ' sandj' and yta, ' I pour.' Arena'tio . ■ Putting 
 the human ^ody in hot sand, for the cure of 
 disease. 
 
 AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia. ox ^mmoni'acalgas, 
 Volatile al'&alijAl'cali ammioni' a'cvmc cdus'ticutn^ 
 A. volat'ile caus'ticwm, Ammo'iila caus*tica. A, 
 pura, Ammoni'acuTn, A, caus'ticuTn, Gas attvmo' 
 niaca'U, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammoiiiaque,, 
 Air alcaliu) Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so 
 called, because obtained principally by decom- 
 , posing sal ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by 
 lime. This gas is coIburless,.transparent, elas- 
 tic, of a pungent, characteristic odour, and an 
 acrid urinous taste. It turns the syrup of vio- 
 lets green, and its specific character is 0.596. 
 When inhaled, largely diluted with -common 
 air, it is a powerful irritant. When unmixed, 
 it instantly induces suffocation. 
 
 Ammonia, Acetate, Solution of. Liquor 
 ammoniae acetatis — k. Arseniate of, Arseniate, 
 of ammonia — a. Caustica liquida. Liquor am- 
 moniae — a. Chlorohydrate of, Ammoniae murias 
 — a. Citrate of, Ammpniae citras — a. Hydriodate 
 of, see Iodine — a. Hydrochlorate of, Ammonise 
 murias — a. Hydrosulphuret of, Ammoniae sul- 
 phuretum — a. Iodide of, see Iodine— ^a. Lini- 
 ment oi^ strong, Linimentum ammoniae fortius 
 — a. Liquid, Liquor Ammoniae — a. Muriatica, 
 Ammoniae murias — a. Nitrata, Ammoniae nitras 
 — a. Phosphate of, Ammoniae phosphas — a. 
 Praeparata, Ammoniae c&rbonas — a. Pura liquida. 
 Liquor ammoniae — 4. Solution of. Liquor am- 
 monias — a. Solution of, stronger. Liquor ammo- 
 niae fortior — a. Tartrate of, Ammoniae tartras. 
 
 AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammom'aeum, (Ph. 
 tJ. S.) Gum'mi Ammoni'actim, Armoni%eum., 
 Mato'r^m^ (F.) Ammioniac^ . Gomme ammo- 
 iiiaque,' so called from Ammonia in Lybia, 
 whence it is brought. A gum-resin, the con- 
 crete juice of Dore'ma a/iwmoni' aeum, of Persia : 
 a species of a genus allied to Ferula. It is in 
 irregular, dry masses and' tears, yellow exter- 
 nally, whitish within. Its odour is peculiar, and 
 not ungrateful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. 
 It forms a white emulsion with water : is solu- 
 ble in vinegar; partially so in alcohol, ether, 
 and solutions of the alcalies. 
 
 Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru- 
 ent (?) antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent. 
 It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity, 
 and in the formation of certain plasters. . 
 
 Two varieties are met with in the market, 
 Guttcs am/moni' aci, the best ; and Lapis aviTtio- 
 ni'aci, the more impure. 
 
 AMMONIACiE NITRAS, Atomonis nitras 
 — a. Sulphas, AmmoniaB,sulphas. 
 
 AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac 
 Gum — a. Succinatutn, Spiritns ammonise fceti- 
 dus — a. Volatile mite, Ammonias carbonas. 
 
 AMMONIjE ACETAS, Liquor ammonia 
 acetatis — a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia. 
 
 Ammonia, Car'bonas, j?. Suhcar'bonas, A. 
 Sesquicar'bonas, Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Sail 
 of wood-soot, Sal Fuli^'inis, Salt of urirte. Vola- 
 tile Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Afcali volat'ile 
 a'erafium, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. voktl'ile 
 ex sals ammOniti' CO, .Immoni'acum mlat'ill mill, 
 Ammo'nium carboii'icuiii, A.subrarlio'nevm, Car- 
 
 ammonij: sulphas 
 
 bonds ammo'nise ixlkaR'nus seu incompUlus seu 
 superammoni'acus, Hypocar'bonaa amrtu^nise, 
 Fhres salts ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cerm vokt'ill, 
 Sal volat'ilis sails ammoni'aci. Concrete volatile 
 alkali, Catbonate or subcarbonale oj amfnoniu, 
 Ammo'nia prsKpa«:a'la, Sal volat'ile. Smelting salt, 
 {!".) Carbonate d'ammoniaque, Set vqlalil dLAit- 
 gleterre, (Amman. muriat.^y,Crelx ffiiss. Su- 
 blime. — Ph., U. S.) A white.,, striated, crys- 
 talline mass, odour and taste pungent and am- 
 moniacal : soluble in two parts of water : inso- 
 luble in alcohol : effloresces in the air. It i« 
 stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, and antispas- 
 modic. Dose, gr. v. to xv. 
 
 Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to 
 form effervescing draughts. One scruple satu- 
 rates six fluidrachms of lemon-juice, twenty- 
 six grains of crystallized tartaric acid, and 
 twenty-six grains of crystallized citric acid. 
 
 AMMONiiE CiTEAS, Citrate of Ammo'nia. 
 Made by saturating lemon or Ijme juice, or a 
 solution of citric acid, with carbonate of ammo- 
 nia. Dose, f. §ss. , 
 
 It may be made extemporaneously, and taken 
 in an effervescing draught. Seventeen grains 
 of citric acid ot half a fluidounce of lemon juice 
 will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbo- 
 nate of ammonia. 
 
 Ammonia CuPE.o-sui.PHAg, Cuprum ammo- 
 niatum. 
 
 Ammonije et Feeri Murias, Fcrrum ammo- 
 niatum — a. Hydrosulphuretum, Liquor fumans 
 Boylii — a. Hypocarbonas, Ammonise Carbonas. 
 
 Ammo'nia Mu'rias, Mu'riate of Ammo'nia, 
 Hydrochlo'rate, of Am/mo'nia, Chlorohydrate 
 of ATnmo'rda, Sal Ammoni'acum, Sal Afiimo'- 
 niac, Sal Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Mtiriat'- 
 ica, Ammo'nium JDluria'tum,,. Hydrochlo'ras 
 Ammo'nicp^ Sal Armoni'acum, Salmiac, FuW- 
 go Al'ba Philosopho'rum, JWisadir, (F.) Muriatf' 
 d'Ammoniaque. A saline concrete, formed by 
 the combination of muriatic acid with am- 
 monia. In Egypt it is manufactured in large 
 quantities by subliming the soot formed by 
 burning camel's dung — 26 pounds of the soot 
 yielding 6. pounds. It is also prepared, in great^ 
 quantities, by adding sulphuric acid to the vola- 
 tile alkali obtained from soot, bones, &c., mix- 
 ing this with common salt, and subliming. 
 
 Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an 
 acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. 
 Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu- 
 ble also in 4.5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient 
 and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ex- 
 ternally, it is employed, producing cold during 
 its solution, in inflammations, &c. 
 
 Ammo'nIjE NiTras, Nitrate of Ammonia, Al'- 
 kali volat'ile nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus ni~ 
 tro'sus, Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'aca, 
 Nitrum fiarwmans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoni- 
 aqne. A salt composed of nitric acid and am- 
 monia. It is diuretic and deobstruent. (?) Ex- 
 ternally, it is discutient and sialogogue. 
 
 Ammonia Phosphas, Phosphate of Ammo'- 
 nia, (F.) Phosphate d'Ammoniaque. This salt 
 has been recommended as an excitant, diapho- 
 retic, and discutient. More recently, it has 
 been proposed as a new remedy for gout and 
 rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus, 
 and for diseases,^ acute and chronic, connected 
 directly withthe lithic acid diathesis. 
 
 Ammonia Sesquicaebonas, A. carbonas. 
 
 Ammo'nia Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia, 
 
AMMONIAQUE 
 
 43 
 
 AMOXfREUX 
 
 Sulphas ammoni'aea, Ammo'nium sulphu'ri- 
 cum, Al'&ali volat'ilevitriola'tum, Sal Ammo- 
 ai'acum secre'tunt Glaubeei, Sal secreftus 
 GlAUBERi, Vitriolum am/moniaea'lS, (F.) Sul- 
 phate d'Ammo7iiaque. Formed by adding sul- 
 phuric acid either to sal ammoniac or to ammo- 
 niacal liquor. Its' properties are like those of 
 the muriate of ammonia. 
 
 Ammo'nije Sulphure'tum, Sufpkuret of Am- 
 mo'nia, HydrosuUphwret^ of Ammo'nia, Hydro- 
 suTphtts Ammonigp, Spir'itu' BfiGui'm, Sp. fu- 
 mans Begui'mi, Sulphureftam ammoni'acse, ^, 
 salisammoni'aci sulplmraftus, Liquor ammo' nii 
 hydrothiodia, Hydrosulphure'tum ^nirru/nicum, 
 Hydrarg. ammoniaed'le afuofsam, Hydrog"eno- 
 tuhhure'tum ammoni'acse Ug'uidum, Spir'itus 
 mephuris voht'ilis, Hepar svlphuris volal'ili, 
 Boyle's or Beguine's fuming spirit, (¥.) Hy- 
 drosulpliate sulfure d'Ammoniaque, Liqueur fu- 
 mante de BotliS, Sulfure hydroginf d'£m,mo- 
 rUaque, Hydrosulfure d'^mmoniaque. Odour 
 very fetid ; taste nauseous and styptic ; colour 
 dark yellowish green. It is reputed to be se- 
 dative, nauseating, emetic, disoxygenizing, (?) ■ 
 and has been given in diabetes and, diseases of 
 increased excitement. Dose, g,"- viij . to g"- Xx. 
 
 Ammo'nis Tartras, Al'iali voiat'ile tarta- 
 riza'twm, Sal Armaoni' acum tarta' refim. Tar'- 
 torus oifprnwrviay Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) 
 Tartrate '^Ammoniaqpe. A salt composed of 
 tartaric acid and ammonia. It is diaphoretic 
 and diuretic ; Dirt not much used. 
 
 AMMONIAQU^E, Ammonia^o. Arseni- 
 ate d', Arseniate of ammonia— ^o. Hydrosulfure 
 d', Ajnmoniae sulphuretum — a. ' Hydrosulfaie 
 sulfure d', Ainmoniae sulphuretum — a. Li- 
 quids, Liquor ammoniae — a. Phosphate d', Am- 
 monise phosphas — a. Sulfure hydrogin'e d', 
 Ammonise sulphuretilm. 
 
 AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, 
 Cuprum ammoniatum. 
 
 AMMO'NION, from a^fio?, ' sand.! An an- 
 cient collyrium of great virtues in many dis- 
 eases of the eye, and vphich was said to remove 
 sand from that organ. 
 
 AMMONIUM ARSENICUM, Arseniate of 
 ammonia — a. Carbonicum, Ammoniae carbonas, 
 — B. Iodide of, see Iodine — a Muriaticum mar- 
 tiatum seu martiale, Ferrum ammoniatum — a. 
 Muriatum, Ammonite inurias — a. Subcarbone- 
 um, Ammoniae carbonas — a. Sulphuricnm, Am- 
 monise sulphas. ' 
 
 AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, 
 
 fiR ilTIP 
 
 AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia. 
 
 AMNE'SIA, Aimiest'ia, Arnnemos'ynl, from 
 oe, privative, and ^vri<!ii;, 'memory.' Maria 
 imhee^'ilis amnesia, Obliv'io, 'Recollectio'nis 
 jaetu'ra, Dysasthe'Sia inter'na, DehiVitas me- 
 mo'ricB, Memo'ria deW'ta, (F.) Perte de Mi- 
 moire, ' loss of memory.' By some Nosologists, 
 amnesia constitutes a genus of diseases... By 
 most, it is considered only as a symptom, 
 which may occur in many diseases. .i 
 
 AMJVESTIA, Amnesia. 
 
 AMNIITIS, Amnitis. 
 
 AMNIOCLEP'SIS; from Amnios, and Ttlm- 
 roi, 'I steal or take away claridestiqely.' Pre- 
 mature escape of the liquor amnii. 
 
 AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnios, and eso-, ' I 
 flovir.' A premature discharge of the liquor 
 amnii. 
 
 AM'NIOS, Am'nion, Am'nium, Hym'nium, 
 
 Charta virginha, Armaiu'ra,.Agni'na memhra'- 
 na, Pellu'dda memhra'na, Galea, Seepar'num, 
 Indu' 3ium,Ami<^ulum,Melnbra!naf€it'wm invol - 
 vens. The innermost of the enveloping mem- 
 branes of the foetus :— so called because iirst ob- 
 served in the sheep, (?) a.fita(;, 'a sheep.' It is 
 thin, transparent, perspirable, and possesses 
 many delicate, colourless vessels, which have 
 not been injected. It sends a prolongation, which 
 serves as a sheath to the umbilical cord. Its ex- 
 ternal surface is feebly united to the chorion by 
 cellular and vascular filaments. Its inner sur- 
 face is polished, and is in contact with the body 
 of the foetus and the liquor amnii, (q. v.) 
 
 AMNIOTIC ACID, Ad'idum am'ninim vel 
 amniot'icum- A peculiar acid^ found by Vau- 
 quclin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow. 
 
 AMNI'TIS, Amnii" tis, from Amnion and itis, 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the Amnion. 
 
 AM(ENOMA'NIA, from amanu,s, ' agreea- 
 ble,' and mania. ^ A form of mania in which the 
 hallucinations are of an agreeable character. 
 
 AMOME PAUX, Sison amomum. 
 
 AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM, A. racemo'- 
 sum,, A. verum, Alpin'ia Sardamo'mwm, Caro'pi, 
 Mat(/nia Ca/rda/mo'mum, Eletta'ria Carda/mo'- 
 7nii/m, Carda/mo' m.um> Minus, Lesser or officinal 
 Gar'dapiom, Amo'm.um, repens, (F.) Cardamome 
 de la Cote de Malabar, Cardamwme. The seeds 
 of this East India plant have an agreeable, aro- 
 matic odour, and a pungent, grateful taste. 
 They are carminative and stomachic : but are 
 chiefly used to give warmth to other remedies. 
 The fruit is caWeA Amomis. Dose, gr. v. to Qj. 
 
 Amomum Galanga, Maranta G. 
 
 Amomum Granum Paradi'si, Cardamo'miwm 
 majus, Meleguet'td, Maniguet'ta, Gardavw'- 
 mum- pipera'iuTn, A. 'max'i'mum, (F.) Graines 
 de Paradis. Greater cardamom seeds resem- 
 ble the last in properties. They are extremely 
 ^ot, and no't inuch usa(l. 
 
 Amomum Pimehta : see Myrtus pimenta — a. 
 Zedoaria, Ktempferia rotunda. 
 
 Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'giber offidna'li, 
 Zin'gibir album, Z, nigrum, Z. commiu'ni, 
 Zin'ziber, Ginger, (F.) Gingembre. The white 
 and hlach ginger, Zin'ziber fuscwm et album, 
 are the rhizoma of the salme plant, Zin'giber 
 offieinijll, the difference depending upon the 
 mode, of preparing thern. 
 
 The odour of ginger is aromatic ; taste warm, 
 aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues to 
 alcohol, and in a great degree to water. It is 
 carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue. 
 
 Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris "Radix Con- 
 di' ta.. Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex IndiQ, al- 
 la'ta, is a condiment which possesses all the 
 virtues of ginger. 
 
 Ginger-Beer Powders may be formed of 
 white sugar, gj. and j^ij- ginger, gr. v. suh- 
 carbonate of soda, gr. xxxvj in each blue paper : 
 add of tartar, Qiss in each white paper, — for 
 half a pint of water. 
 
 Oxley^s ' Concentrated Essence of Jamaica 
 Ginger is a mere solution of ginger in rectified 
 spirit. 
 
 AMOR, Love. 
 
 AMORGE, Amurca. 
 
 AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus. 
 
 AMOSTEUS, OsteocoUa. 
 
 AMOUR, Love. 
 
 AMOXTREXTX (imiscle.) Obliquus superior 
 oculi. - 
 
AMPAG 
 
 44 
 
 AMYGDALA 
 
 AMPAC, Amp'acns- An East India tree, 
 the leaves of which have a strong odour, and 
 are used in baths as detergents. A very odo- 
 riferous resin is obtained from it. 
 AMPAR, Succinum. 
 AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
 AMPELOPRASUM, Allium. 
 AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera— a. Agria, Bryonia 
 alba — a. Idaea, Vaocinium vitis Idaea — a. Omo- 
 phoros, Vitis vinifera. 
 
 AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. 
 AMPHARIS'TERQS, AmbHa'vus, 'awk- 
 ward;' from ap.<iii, and afimin^o?, 'the left.' 
 Opposed to ambidexter. 
 AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian. 
 AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 AMPHI, «*£»!, ' both, around, on all sides.' 
 Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms. 
 AMPHIAM, Opium. 
 
 AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, -from «ict<|.i, 'both,' 
 and 05*5100-1?, ' articulation.' A mixed articu- 
 lation, in which the corresponding surfaces of 
 bones are united in an intimate manlier by an 
 intermediate body, which. allows, however, of 
 some slight motion. Such is the junction of 
 the bodies of the vertebrffi by means of the in- 
 tervertebral cartilages.^ This articulation has 
 also been called l>i«»-tAro.!< de Contimdte: The 
 motion it permits is but slight. 
 AMPHIBLESTRODITIS, Retinitis. 
 AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular. 
 AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, from am- 
 phiblestro'i'des (membrana) the retina, and fta- 
 ji»Ki«, 'softening.' MoUcscence or softening 
 of the retina. 
 
 AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from a.t^p., 'around,' 
 and fi^ayx'") ' the throat.' Amphibron' ehia. 
 The tonsils and neighbouring parts. — Hippoc. 
 AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva. 
 AMPHID'EUM, from 0^*1, ' around,^ and 
 im, ' i bind.' The outermost .margin of the 
 cervix uteri ; the LaUimi uteri. 
 AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter. 
 AMPHIDI ART HRO' SIS, from o/t<i>', 
 •■■■ about,' and iwgtfiraoi?, ' a moveable joint.' A 
 name given by Winslow to the temporo-maxil- 
 lary articulation, because, according to that 
 anatomistj it partakes both of ginglymus and 
 arthrodia. 
 
 AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
 AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis— a. Hectica, 
 £[6ctic ffivcr* 
 AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian. , 
 AMPHION, Maslach. 
 AMPHIPLEX, Perinaeum. 
 AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea. 
 AMPHISMELA, Knife, double-edged. 
 AMPHISMILE, Knife, double-edged. 
 AMPHISPHAL'SIS, Circiimac'tio, Circum- 
 due'tio, from a^oi, ' around,' and n(faXi.m, ' I 
 wander.' The movement of circumduction 
 used in reducing luxations. — Hippocrates. 
 AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia; 
 AM'PHORA, per syncop. for- afKPi^nQiVg, 
 from a/n<pi, ' on both sides,' and osjai, ' I bear :' 
 because it had two handles. A liquid measure 
 among the ancients, containing above 7 gal- 
 lons. Also called Qiiadrantal, Cera'miwm, 
 Ceravi'nium, Cadtis. 
 
 AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Caver- 
 nous Respiration. . 
 
 AMPHOT,ERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
 AMPHRDDIPLOPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 AMPLEXATIO, Coition. 
 AMPLEXtJS, Coition. 
 -AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis. 
 AMPLIOPEA, Amblyopia. 
 AMPOSIS, Anaposis. 
 ^ilfP077i£S, Essera. „, ,. 
 
 AMPULLA, Cavitas ellijptiqa,— a. Chylifera 
 seu chyli, Receptaculum ohjrli- 
 AMPULLA, Phiyctffina!.' 
 AMPUTATION, Am^utaftio, from amip.K-' 
 tare, (ain, ' around,^ and putare,) ' to cut off.' 
 Apot'omi, Apotom'ia. ' The operation of sepa- 
 rating by means of a cutting instrument, a limb 
 or a part of a limb, or a projecting part, as the 
 mamma, penis, &c., from the rest of the body. 
 In the case of a tumour, the term excision, re- 
 moval, or extirpation, CF.) Reaection, is more 
 commonly used. ^ > 
 
 Amputation, Circttlar, is' that in which 
 the integuments and muscles are divided circu- 
 larly.' , . - 
 
 Amputation, 'Flap, ^(F.) .4. a lambeaiAx, is 
 when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the 
 stump, when the limb has been removed. 
 
 Amptitatiok, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.) A. 
 dans Particle ou dam la contiguite d'Cs mem- 
 hres, is when the limb is removed at an articu- 
 lation.. 
 
 Each amputation requires a dififerent process, 
 which is described in works on operativ-e sur- 
 gery. 
 
 AMULET, Amuletum. 
 AMULETJTE, Amuletum. 
 AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove." 
 An Amulet, — Feriam'ma, ApotrDpce'um, Feri- 
 ap'ton, Fhylacte' rion, Apoteles'ma, Exart^ma, 
 Alexica' cwm, Fraservati'vwm.^ Froiasca'nium^ 
 Probasean'tium, (F.) Amulefte. Any image or 
 substance worn about the person for the, pur- 
 pose of preventing disease or danger. 
 
 AMURCA, Amur'ga, aint^yi). The marc or 
 grounds remaining after olives have beencrushed 
 and deprived of their oih It has. been^ used as 
 an application to ulcers. 
 AMURGA, AmuTca. 
 AMUSA, MUsa Paradisiaca. 
 AMYCE, Amycha, Amy'ms. Excoriation, 
 Scarification. 
 AMYCHA, Amyce. 
 
 AMYC'TICA, from a/jiva-irm, 'I lacerate.' 
 Medicines which stimulate and vellicate the 
 skin. — Caelius Aurelianus. 
 AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis. 
 AMYEL'IA, from «, privative, and /iueUc, 
 'marrow.' A monstrous formatipn, in which 
 there is an absence of spinal marrow. 
 
 AMYG'DALA, same etymon as Amyctioa; 
 because there seem to be fissures in the shell. 
 Tlie Almond, of which ther^ are two kinds; 
 Amygdalaama'rceaiidA.dulces,(y.) Amcmdes 
 douces, and A. am.ires, obtained from two va- 
 rieties of Aim/g'dalus cormnunis, or A. sati'ilth 
 a native of Barbary. Nat: Ord. Amygdalese. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. 
 
 The taste of the Amygdala dulcis is soft and 
 sweet; that of the A. amara, bitter. Both 
 yield, by expression, a. sweet, bland oil. The 
 bitter almond contains; Prussic acid. They are ' 
 chiefly used for forming emulsions. 
 
 Amyg'dalje Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the 
 cake left after the expression of the oil. The 
 ground Almond Cake, Almond Foivdtr, Farina 
 
AMYGDALATUM 
 
 45 
 
 ANACLINTERIUM 
 
 Amygdala'rumi is used instead of soap for wash- 
 iS^ the hands, 
 
 Amtg'dal* Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosme- 
 tic for Boftenihg the skin and preventing chaps, 
 is made of bitter almonds, blanched, _^iv, white 
 of one egg; rose water, and rectified spirit, equal 
 parts, or as much as is sufficients 
 
 Amygdala, Tonsil. Also, a lobe of the ce- 
 rebelluin,' so called from its resemblance to an 
 enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow of the op- 
 posite side form the lateral boundaries of the 
 anterior extremity of the valley, (q. v.) and are 
 in great part covered by the medulla oblongata. 
 
 AMYGDALATUM, Emulsio Amygdal®. 
 
 AMYGDALE, Tonsil. . 
 
 AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.- 
 
 AMYGDALUS COMMONIS,see Amygdala. 
 
 4.myg'dalus Peb'sica. The ComTnon peach- 
 tree, (F.) Picker. The leaves and flowers have 
 been considered laxative. They are bitter and 
 aromatic, and have been given in hematuria, 
 nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of the pleasant 
 and wholesome summer fruits, when ripe. The 
 kernels, Aim/g'dalee Per'sica, as well as the 
 flowers, contain prussic acid. • 
 
 Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and 
 is much used in the United States, 
 
 Amygdalus, see Amygdala. 
 
 AMYGMO.S, .Scarification. ' 
 
 AMYLEON, Amylum. 
 
 A'MYLUM, A'midwm, Fec'ula, Armjl'eon, 
 Amyl'ion, from a, priv., and fj-vXri, 'a mill,' be- 
 cause made without a mill. Starch, (F.) Amir 
 don^ Ainylon, Starch of Wh^atfFari'na, Tril^- 
 id fari'na, Fec'ula Am/yla'cea, is inodorous and 
 insipid. White and friable. It is insoluble in 
 cold water and alcohol; but forms with boiling 
 water a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is 
 demulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, 
 and as the vehicle for opium, when given per 
 anum. Starch is met Vith abundantly in all 
 the cereal grains, in the stalks of many of the 
 palms, in some lichens, and in many tuberous 
 roots, particularly in the bulbs of the orchis. 
 
 AiMYLUM loDATUM, See lodine. 
 
 A'MYON, from «, priv., and fivwv, ' a mus- 
 cle,' Emuscula'tus. jWithont muscle. Applied 
 to the limbs, when so extenuated that the mus- 
 cles cannot be distinguished. 
 
 AMYOSIS, Synezizis. 
 
 AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium. 
 
 Am'yris Elemif'eea, (F.) Balsamier Ele- 
 mifere. jVis*. Orrf. Terebinthaceffi. Sex.Syst. 
 Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence it has 
 been supposed Gum El'emi is obtained. This 
 gum or resin is brought from the Spanish EaSt 
 and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, according 
 to Dr. Boyle, is produced by Jcica Icicariba; 
 Mesdcan Elemi by Elafphrium elendf'erum; 
 and Manilla Elemi by Cana'riii/m comimu'ni. 
 It is softish, transparent, of a pale whitish co- 
 lour, inclining a little to green, and of a strong, 
 though not unpleasant smelli It is only ijsed 
 in ointments and plasters, and is a digestive. 
 
 Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum. 
 
 Ai«E'YRis Opobal'samum, {Jl .^BUlswmier de la 
 Medque, Bal'sem, BaV samum. The plant from 
 which is obtained the Balsam of Mecca, BaV- 
 samwm genui'nwm amtiqucf rum, BalsameltB' on, 
 ■^gyptiacitm Bal'samttm, ^aV samum, Asialfi- 
 cwm, B. Juda'ioum., B. Syriacum., B. e Mecca, 
 CocohaV sa/m/um, B. Alpi'ni, Oleum Bal'sami, 
 Opohal'samumfXylohal'samumjBalsamOTBalm 
 
 of Gilead, (Y.) Barnne Blane, B. de Constanti- 
 nople blame, B. de Galaad, B. du Grand Caire, 
 B, Vrai, Teribinthine da Giliad, T. d'&gypte, 
 T. du Grand Kaire, T. de Judie. A resinous 
 juice obtained by making incisions into Amyris 
 p^obal'sam/wm and A, Gileaden'sis of Linnaeus, 
 Balsamaden' dron Gileaden'sl of Kunth. The 
 juice of the fruit is called Carpobai'samum,; 
 that of the wood and branches Xylobal'sammm, 
 It has the general properties of the milder Te- 
 rebinthinates. 
 
 Amyeis Tomkntosum, Fagara octandra. 
 
 AMYRON, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 
 AMYUS, from a privative, and ^tus, 'a mouse, 
 a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle. 
 
 AMYX'IA, from a privative, and /iv^a, 'mu- 
 cus.'. Deficiency of mucus. 
 
 AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification. 
 
 ANA, ara, a word which signifies 'of each.' 
 It is used in prescriptions as well as a and as, 
 its abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it 
 means ' in,' ' through,' ' upwards,' ' above,' in 
 opposition to Cata, (q. v.j) also 'repetition,' 
 like the English re. Hence, — 
 
 AN AB'ASIS, from ava/Sai»eu, ' I ascend.' The 
 first period of a disease, or that" of increase. — 
 Galen. See Augmentation. 
 
 ANABEXIS, Expectoration. 
 
 AN ABLEP'SIS, from ava, ' again,' and jSAstku, 
 ' I seet' Restoration to sight. 
 
 ANABOLjE'ON, Anahole'us, from ava^aXXm, 
 ' I cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts 
 or other extraneous bodies. 
 
 ANAB'OLE, from oto, 'upwards,' and iSoXim, 
 ' I cast.' Anago'gl, Anaph'ora, Anadne'ma, 
 Anaeinefsis. An evacuation upwards. An act 
 by which certain matters are ejected by the 
 mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex- 
 spuitioii, expectoration, regurgitation, and vo- 
 miting. 
 
 AlNABROCHIS'MUS,ilrao5ro»cto'«»««,from 
 ava, ' with,' and |Sjo;f os, ' a running knot.' An 
 operatiori for renioving the eye-lashes, for ex- 
 ample, v^hen they irritate the eye, by means of 
 a hair knotted around them. — Hippocrates, Ga- 
 len, Celsus, &c. 
 
 ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus. 
 
 ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion. 
 
 ANACAMP-SEROS, Sedum telephium. 
 . ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, Cas- 
 su'vium pomiferwm. Cashew (W. Indies.) (F.) 
 Ae'ajou. iVa*. Ori^. TerebinthaceaB. Sex.Syst. 
 Enneandria Monogynia. The Oil of the Cashew 
 Nut, O'leum, Anaear'dii, (F.)lluite d' Acajou, 
 is an active caustic, and used as such in the 
 countries where it grows, especially for de- 
 stroying warts, &c. 
 
 Ahacaedium Orient ale, Avicennia tomen- 
 tosa. 
 
 ANACATHAR'SIS, from avd, 'upwards,' 
 and xa^aiQetv, 'to purge.' Purgation upwards. 
 Expectoration, (q. v.) See, also, Repurgatio. 
 
 Anacatharsis Cataekhahs Simplex, Ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant. 
 
 ANACESTOS, Incurable. 
 
 ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACHRON, Soda. 
 
 ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition. 
 
 ANACLASIS, Repercussion. 
 
 ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anaclin'trum, Recu- 
 Uto'rium, from avaxUvio, ' I recline.' A long 
 
ANACLINTRUM 
 
 46 
 
 ANAMNESXrC 
 
 chair or seat, so formed, that the person can rest 
 in a reclining posture. 
 
 ANACLINTRUM, Anaclinterium. 
 
 ANACOLLE'MA, from ma, ' together,' and 
 xoiJlocu, ', I glue.' A healing medicine. 
 
 Anacollemata, Frontal bandages. 
 
 ANACOLUP/PA. A creeping plant of Ma- 
 labar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered 
 pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, 
 and as the only Remedy for the bite of the naja. 
 It is supposed to he Zapa'nia nodiflo'ra. 
 
 ANACOLUTHfJS^^Imoheience. 
 
 ANACOMIDE, Restauratio. 
 
 ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism. 
 
 AN ACTESIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANACTIRION, Artemisia. 
 
 ANACYCLEON,> Charlatan. 
 
 ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see An- 
 themis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum. 
 
 AJVADESMUS, Fascia. 
 
 ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, < again,', and ii- 
 nrJloo), ' I double.' JEpanadiplo'sis, Epanalep'- 
 sis,Redupliejtio. ■ The redoubling which oc- 
 curs in a paroxysm of an intermittent, when its 
 type is double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles. 
 
 ANADORA, Ecdora. 
 
 ANAD'OSIS, from avaStim^u, 'I distribute.' 
 Purgation upwards, as by, vomiting. Conges- 
 tion of blood towards the upper parts of the 
 body. Anadosis seems also to have occasion- 
 ally meant chylification, whilst diadosis meant 
 capillary nutrition. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and 
 d^tjuw, ' I run.' The transport of a humour or 
 pain from a lower to an upper part. — Hippocr. 
 Also, the globus hystericus (q. v.) 
 
 AN^.Dffi'US, from av privative, and aiSaia, 
 'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of 
 sexual organs. 
 
 AN^MATOPOIE'SIS, from «, av, priva- 
 tive, .'ai|Ko, ' blood,' and nttia, ' I make.' Im- 
 peded or obstructed hsematosis. 
 
 AN^iEMATO'SIS, from a, «», privative, and 
 'ai^ii, ' blood.' Defective haematosia or prepa- 
 ration of the blood. 
 
 AN^'MIA, Exs/mia, Anse'^nasis, Anhx'- 
 mia, Anhseimato' sis, Folyanksdmib,, Ansertw'sis, 
 Oliga'mia, OligoJu^mia, Hyps^mia, (q. v.) 
 Hydros^'fma, (q^ v.) Hydras'Tnia, Ane'Tnia, (F.) 
 Ancwie, Polyanh^mie, Hydroheime, Exsan- 
 gidn'ity, - Bloodlessness : from a, priv. and 
 'ai/ta, 'blood.' Privation of 1)lood ; — the op- 
 posite to plethora (q. v.) It is characterized 
 by every sign of debility. Also, diminished 
 quantity of fluids in the capillary vessels : — 
 the opposite to Hypetsemia. — The essential 
 character of the blood in ansmia is diminution 
 in the ratio of red corpuscles. 
 
 AN^^'MIC, Anem'ic, Anafmicus ; same ety- 
 mon. Appertaining to Ansemia,^as an "anger 
 mic person ;" " ansemie urine." 
 
 AN,/EMOCH'ROUS, frbift «, ai, privative, 
 ' ttua, ' blood,' and j^goa, ' colour.' Devoid of 
 colour, pale. 
 
 AN^MOSIS, AnsEmia. 
 
 AN^/EMOT'ROPHY, Anxmotroph'ia: from 
 o*, privative, 'ai/ta, ' blood,' and Tjt^ij, 'nou- 
 rishment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourish- 
 ment. — Prout. 
 
 AN^STHE'SIA, Ansesthe'sis, InsensihiV- 
 itas, AnaZge'sia, Farap'sis expers, (F.) Anes- 
 
 thesie: from «, privative, and aia6<tvoftai, '1 
 feel.' Privation of sensation, and especially'of 
 that of touch, according to some. It maybe 
 general' or partial, and is almost always symp- 
 tomatic. ■ _ 
 
 Ah^ssthesia Jjisavs, Ageustia — a. Olfac- 
 toria, Ansemia. 
 
 ANjESTHESIS, Aniesthesia. 
 ' AN^STHET'IC, Anesthet'ic, Ansesthet'i- 
 cus, (F.) Anesthitique ; same etymon as Ansss- 
 thesia. ' Relating to privation of feeling, as an 
 "aneestketic agent;" one that prevents feeling, 
 as chloroform inhaled during a surgical opera- 
 tion. 
 
 AN^Sl^HISI A, Insensibility.' 
 
 ANAGAL'LIS, from ara and yaXn, ' milk,' 
 from its power of coagulating milk. A- arven'- 
 sis, A. Fhanic" ea. Red Pim'pernel, Scarlet 
 Pimpernel. iVai. Ore?. Primulaceae. Sex.Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Mouron rouge. 
 A common European plant ; a reputed anti- 
 spasmodic and st^omachic. 
 
 Another species — Anagal'lis caru'lea is a 
 mere variety of the above. 
 
 Anagallis Aquatic a, Veronica Beccabunga. 
 
 ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism.' , 
 
 ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism. 
 
 ANAGLYPHE, Calamus .scriptorius. 
 
 ANAGOGE, Ankbole, Rejection. ( 
 
 ANAGRAPHE, Prescription. 
 
 ANAG'YRIS, ,Anag'yr2is, Ac'opon, Ana^- 
 yris fa'tida. Stinking Bean Trefoil. Native 
 of Italy. The leaves are powerfully purga- 
 tive. The juice is said to be diuretic, and the 
 seeds emetic. — jDioscorides, Paulus. 
 
 ANAGYRUS, Anagyris. 
 
 ANAL, Ana' lis. That which refers to the 
 anus \; — as Anal region, &c. 
 
 ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie ; from a, priva- 
 tive, and aiinv, ' to grow.' • Defective nutri- 
 tion. 
 
 ANALEMSIA, Analepsia. ' 
 
 ANALENTIA, Analepsia. 
 
 ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia, Ana- 
 lem'sia, from atv«, ' fresh,' and Xtfiffavsir, ' to 
 take.' Restoration to strength after disease. — 
 Galen. A kind of sympathetic epilepsyj ori- 
 ginating from gastric disorder. See Epilepsy. 
 
 Also, the support given to a fractured extre- 
 mity; — ^^^em'iw.^Hippocrates. 
 
 ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio. 
 
 ANALEP'TICA, Anapsycftica, Psyehot'iea, 
 Refecti'va, Reficien'tia, Analep'tics, same ety- 
 mon. Restorative medicines or food ; such as 
 are adapted to recruit the strength during con- 
 valescence : — as sago, salep, tapioca, jelly, &c. 
 
 Analeptic Pills, James's, consist of James's 
 Powder, Gum Ammoniaeum, and Pills of Alo'fs 
 and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Cas- 
 tor, sufficient to form a mass. 
 
 ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, priv., and 
 aXyihc, ' pain.' Absence of pain both in health 
 and disease. See Anaesthesia. 
 
 ANALGIA, Analgesia. 
 
 ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
 
 ANALOSIS, Atrophy. 
 
 ANALTESIS, Restauratio^ 
 
 ANALTHES, Incurable. 
 
 ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum 
 cocculus — a. Paniculata, Menispermum coc- 
 culus. 
 
 ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'ticum, from «va, 
 
ANANAS 
 
 47 
 
 ^ANASTCECHEIOSIS 
 
 ' again,' and niaoncti, ' I remember.' A medicine 
 for improving the memory. See, also. Com- 
 memorative. 
 
 ANANAS, Bromelia ananas — a. Acostae ova- 
 tsB, &c., Bromelia ananas — a. Americana, Bro- 
 melia pihguin — a. Wild, broad-leaved, Brome- 
 lia pinguin. -< 
 
 ■ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled 
 on amulets to charm away disease. 
 
 ANANDRI'A,from a, «v, privative, and avijg, 
 ' a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in 
 the male. The state and act of emasculation. 
 
 ANANEO'SIS,iJereo«a'«so;fromava,' again,' 
 and veoc, ' new.' Renovation or renewal, — as 
 of the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym- 
 phatics. 
 
 ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio med'tuum, from 
 avt , and nexaa, ' I dilate.' A state opposite to 
 the closure of vessels. — ^Gralen. 
 
 ANAPHALANT I'A SIS, AnapkalaMo'ma, 
 from ava.^aXiimae, ' bald.' Loss of the hair of 
 the eyebrows. Alsol baldness in general. 
 
 ANAPHALANTOMA, AnaphalantiasU. 
 
 ANAPHE, Anaphia. 
 
 ANAPH'IA, Anhapk'ia, An'aphB, from a, 
 a», priv., and 'ai/iij, ' touch.' Bimmution or pri- 
 vation of the sense of touch. 
 
 ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation. 
 
 ANAPHONE'SIS,from ova, '>igh,' and ^wrij, 
 ' voice.' Exercise of the voice : vociferation : — 
 the act of crying out. Voeifera'tio, Clamor. 
 
 ANAPHORA, Anabole. 
 
 ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv., and A<feo- 
 iirri, ' Venus,' Defec'tus Ven'eris. Absence of 
 the venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Im- 
 potence and Sterility. 
 
 ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum. 
 
 ANAP'L ASIS, Anaplasmus,boai uraTiya-aam, 
 ' I restore.' Confinma'tio, iieposi"tio. Resto- 
 ration. Union or consolidation of a fractured 
 bone. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis.' 
 
 ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'tieus; same ety- 
 mon. An epithet applied to the. art of restoring 
 lost parts, or the normal shape — as 'Anaplastic 
 Surgery.' See Morioplastice. 
 
 ANAPLERO'SIS, from avanlrnom, ' I fill up.' 
 Repletion. That part of Surgical therapeutics 
 whose object is to supply parts that are want- 
 ing. Also, Apposition or Prosthesis, (q. v.) 
 
 ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluctua'tio, Innata'tio, front 
 avanleiv, ' to swim above.' The looseness or 
 shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of a carious 
 or other tooth, &c. — Hippocrates, Paulus. 
 
 ANAPLOSIS, Growth. 
 
 ANAPNEUSIS,^ Respiration. 
 
 ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
 
 ANAPNOENU'SI; from Anapnoe, ' les'pira- 
 tiqn,' and murof, ' disease.' Diseases of the re- 
 spiratory organs. / 
 
 ANAPNO'METER, Spirometer. 
 
 ANAPODISIS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
 
 ANAPODISMUS UTERI,RetroversioUteri. 
 
 ANAPODOPHYLLUM CANADENSE; Po- 
 dophyllum peltatum. 
 
 ANAP'OSIS, ^«s'^o«i«, from ara, 'again-,' and 
 Tso-it, 'drink.' A recession of ' humours from 
 the circumference to the centre of the body. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ANAPSE, Auante. 
 
 ANAPSIA, Caecitas. 
 
 ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptica. 
 
 ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ANAPTYXIS, Growth. 
 
 ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avog?i)y»u/<ai, 
 I break out again.' Fractures are so called 
 when they become disunited; as well as ulcers 
 when they break out afiesh. 
 
 ANARRHPNON, from am, ' upwards,' and 
 {•V, 'the nose.' That which returns by the 
 nose. — Gorraeus. 
 
 According to others, that which issues by the 
 skin, from «vo, and ttrog, ' the skin.' ■ 
 
 ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 
 ANARRHOE, Anarrhcea. 
 ANA^RH.(K'A,Anar'rhoe,Anar'rho'pia,Anaa'- 
 tasis,{iom ava, 'upwards,' and {lur, 'I flow.' 
 Afflux of fluid towards fhe upper part of the body. 
 
 ANARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 ANARRHOPHENU'SI ; from Anarrkophe, 
 ' absorption,' and vtvraq, ' disease.' Diseases 
 of the absorbents. 
 
 ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
 
 ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhcea. 
 
 ANAR'THRUS, from ar, priv., and og*jov, 
 ' a joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat, 
 that his joints are scarcely perceptible. — Hipp. 
 
 ANASAR'CA, iroTp. nva, ' through,' ando-ajS, 
 ' the flesh.' Anasarck'a, Catdsar'ca, Aqua in- 
 tetcus seu inter cntem, .Hypoaar'ca, Hydrops 
 cellula'ris ' toUus cor'poris, H, Anasar'ca, H, 
 inter''ciis seu subtmta'neus seu celhdo'sus, Ka- 
 tasar'ca, E'pisardd'ium, Hy'deros, Hydaton'- 
 cus, Myderon'cus, Mydron'cus, Hydrosar'ca, 
 Jiydroder'Tiia, Hydrop'isis vera, Sar'cifes, Po- 
 lylyta'phia, MyposarcidHus, Leucophl&gma'tia, 
 General dropsy. Dropsy, of the cellular mem- 
 brane, (F.) Anasarque. Commonly, it be- 
 gins to manifest itself by swelling around the 
 ankles ; and is characterized by tumefaction of 
 the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab- 
 domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness 
 and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any 
 of these (especially the ankles) are pressed 
 upon. Like dropsy in general. Anasarca may 
 be active, or passive ; and its treatment must be 
 regulated by the rules that are applicable to 
 general dropsy. At times, the symptoms are 
 of an'acute character, and the emision sudden, 
 constituting the Dermatoch'ysis, Hydrops Ana- 
 sar'ca acu'tus, (Ede'ma cal'idiivi, (E. acu^tum, 
 CE.febri'le of some. See Hydrops. 
 
 Anasarca Hystericum, Anathymiasis— a. 
 Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia,. (Edema of the 
 Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ANASARCHA^ Anasarca. , 
 
 ANASARQUE, Anasarca. 
 
 ANASISMUS, Concussion. 
 
 ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiseus. 
 
 ANASPADIAS, Epispadias, from ara, ' up- 
 wards,' ando-irao?, ' I draw.' One whose ure- 
 thra opens on the upper surface of the penis. 
 
 ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus. 
 
 ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadiaeus. 
 
 ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avartrpim, 
 'I contract.' Retrac'tio. Contraction, espe- 
 cially of the bowelfe. The condition is called 
 Anaspa'dia, Anaspad'isis, and Anaspadis'Trvits , 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis. 
 
 ANASSA, Bromelia ananas. 
 
 ANASTALTICA, Styptics. 
 
 ANASTASIS, Anarrhcea. Also, restoration 
 frorii sickness. Convalescence. 
 
 ANAST(ECHEIO'SIS,frciipora,'again,'and 
 
ANASTOMOSIS 
 
 48 
 
 ANAZESJS 
 
 aroi^itov, 'element/ ReeUmenta'tio. Reso- 
 lution of a body or its parts into their elements. 
 — Galen. 
 
 ANASTOMO'SISj-from *»«, ' with^' and o-to- 
 /iaj'a. mouth.^ Inoseula'tio sen Reu'nio vaso'- 
 rum\ Exanastomo'sis, Concur'sus, (F.)Aioue/ie'- 
 ment. Comtaunication between two vessels. 
 By considering the nerves' to Be channels, in 
 which a nervous fluid circulates, their commu- 
 nication likewise has been called Anastomosis. 
 By means of anastomoses, if the course of a fluid 
 be arrested in oBe vessel, it can proceed along 
 others. 
 
 Akastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiecta- 
 sia^i. Jacobson's j^^ee Petrosal ganglion. , 
 
 ANASTOMOT'IGS,. Anastomot'ica. Sariie 
 etymon. Certain meditines were formSrly so 
 called, which were believed to be capable of 
 opening the mouths of vessel^ : — as aperients, 
 diuretics, &c. 
 
 ANASTOMOT'ICTJS MAGNtrS,(EAMU:S,) 
 (F.) Arttre coUatirale interne, A. collaterale dw 
 coiide, is a branch of the brachial artery which 
 comes off a little above the elboW, and bestows 
 branches to the brachialis internus, to the under 
 edge 6f the triceps, and to the muscles, liga- 
 ments, &c., about the elbow joint. See* also. 
 Articular, arteries of the knee. 
 ANASTROPHE uteri, Inversio uteri. 
 ANATASIS, Extensioh.' 
 ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis. 
 ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymi' amaj from 
 ofoj ' upwards,' and flujia, ' fumigation.' (Ede'- 
 mttfngax, (Ede'ma spaa'titum, (Ed-e'makyster'- 
 icum, Anasaf'cu hyste'r'ieu'm. An micertaih 
 and transient swelling, said to have been ob- 
 served at times in nervous and hysterical per- 
 sons. It also means Exhalation, Fui&igatiari, 
 and Hypochondriasis, (which see.) 
 AN ATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physi- 
 ology. . 
 
 ANATOMIA,' Anatomy — a. Animalis,- Zo- 
 dtSrhyr— a. Gomp^rata, Zootomy-^a. Com(pe6ra= 
 tiva. Zootomy-^. Viva, Physiology. 
 
 ANATOMIE, Anatomy— «. Ckirurgicale, 
 see Anatomy^a. des Regions, see Anatomyi 
 
 ANAT'OMiST, Ariatoni'icus. ■ One v?ho c>&- 
 cupies himself with anatomy. One versed in 
 Anatomy. 
 
 ANAT'OMY, Anat'omi, Anatom'ia, Prosec'- 
 tio, from ara, and Tsjirtir, ' to cut,' (F.) Anato- 
 mie. Tha word Anatomy properly signifies dis- 
 section; but it has been appropriated to the study 
 and knowledge of the number^ shape, situation, 
 structure, and, connexion, — in a word, of all the 
 apparent properties of organized bodies. Ana- 
 tomy is the science of organization. Some have 
 given the t^rm a Still more extended accepta- 
 tion, applyiilg it to every mectatiical decom- 
 position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus, 
 Crystallography has been termed the Anatomy 
 of crystallized minerals. Anatomy hasalso been 
 called Morph&l'ogy, Somatol^ogy , Stimatot'omy, 
 OrgdnoVogy, &c. It assumes different names 
 according as the study is confined to one orga- 
 nized being, or to a species or class of beings. 
 Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'orny, or Anthro- 
 pog'raphy, or Anthrdposomatol'ogy, is the Ana- 
 tomy of man : — Zo'dtomy, that of the other spe- 
 ties of the aninial kingdom: and Vet'erinary 
 Anat'omy is the anatomy of domestic animals; 
 but when the word is used abstractly, it 
 
 means human Anatomy;, and Earticjilarly the 
 study of the organs in a physiological or healthy 
 state. Physiological Anatomy is occasionally 
 used to signify the kiiid of anatomy which in- 
 vestigates structure witfra special view to func- 
 tion. The Anatomy of the diseasedhuman bbdy 
 is C3\\eAPatholog"ical ox Morbid Anatomy, and 
 when applied to Medical Jurisprudence, Fo- 
 ren'sic Anatomy. Several of the organs possess- 
 ing a similarity, of structure, arid being formed 
 of the same tissiies, they have bsen grodped into 
 SystetiiS or Genera of Organs; and the study of, 
 or acqiraintance with, such systems, has b^en 
 called General Anat'inny) HistoVogy, or Mar- 
 phm'ohny, whilst the study of each organ in par- 
 ticular has been termed Descriptive AnatovMjt 
 Descriptive Anatomy has been divided into Ske- 
 htol'ogy which comprises Osteol'ogy^ ahd Syn- 
 desmol'ogy ; and into SardiVagy, which is sub- 
 divided into Myitl'ogyi Neiifol'og'ij, Arigiol'dgy, 
 Adenol'egf, Splcmchhal'ogf, and Derm^l'ogy. 
 Siir'giedl A.nat'o'My, Mtdico-Chirufgieat Anato- 
 my, Topograpk'ieul Atiat'iyMy, Regional Anat'o- 
 my, {"F.^ Anatomie Chirurgieale,A.desKf.gions, 
 is the particular and relative study, of the bones, 
 muscles, nerves, vessels, &c., with which it is 
 indispensable to be acquainted before pferform- 
 ing operations. CoMpar'ative Anat'omy' is the 
 comparative study of each organ, with a view 
 to an acquaintance with the modifications Sf 
 its structure in different animals or in the dif- 
 ferent classes of animals. Transcendent'al or 
 Philosoph'ical AnatbViy inquires into the mode, 
 plan, or model upon which the animal frame or 
 organs are formed; and Artifi'cial Anat'omy is 
 the art of modelling and representing in vpax or 
 other substance, the different Organs or diffe- 
 rent parts of the human body, in the sound or 
 diseased state. Phytot'amy is the anatomy of 
 vegetables. 
 
 Anatomt, Aetifioial, see -Anatomy — a. 
 Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy — a^ De- 
 scriptive, see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see Ana- 
 tomy — ai General, see Anatomy — a. Human, 
 see Anatomy — a. of Man, see Anatomy^a. 
 Medico-chirurgical, see "Anatomy — a. Morbid, 
 see Anatomy — a. Pathological, see Anatomy — 
 a. Philosophical, see Anatomy — a. Physiologi- 
 cal, see Anatomy — a. Practical, see Dissection 
 ■r-i. Regional, See Anatomy — a. Surgical, see 
 Anatomy — a. Topographical, see Anatomy — a. 
 Transcendental, see Ahatomy— a. Veterinary, 
 see Anatomy: i 
 
 ANATON, Soda. 
 
 ANATREPSIS, Restauratio. 
 
 ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning, 
 
 ANATRIBE, Friction. ~ 
 
 ANATRIPSIS, Friction. 
 
 ANATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripsolog"ia, Ana- 
 triptoldg"ia,{votn ara-t^iifii ;, ' friction,' and ioyot, 
 'a. discourse.' A treatise on friction as a re- 
 medy. 
 
 ANATRIPTOLOOIA, Anatripsology. ■ 
 
 ANATRON,_J\atriim, Soda. 
 
 ANAT'ROPE, ftom ava, 'iipwards,' and 
 TjFTiw, 'I turn.' A sulversidn. A turning or 
 subversion or inverted action of the stomach, 
 characterised by nausea, vomiting, fec-irGalfeh.' 
 We still speak of the stomach turning against 
 any thing. > >;, ' 
 
 ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas. 
 
 ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa. 
 
 AJNAZESISiEbullitioii. 
 
ANAZOTURIA 
 
 4d 
 
 ANEGERTICE 
 
 ANAZOTURIA, see TTrine. 
 
 ANCHA, Haunch. 
 
 ANCHILOPS, Jigilops. 
 
 ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 ANCHU'SA OFFICINA'LIS, AUtilna, Un- 
 gna Bovis, Buglos^swm sylvis'trBi OJIlc"inaZ or 
 Garden Al'hmiet or Bugloss ; Nat. Ord. Bofagi- 
 netp. Se*. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) 
 Bvglose. A native of Great Britain. The herh 
 was formerly esteemed as a cordial in melan- 
 cholia and-hypochondriasis; hut it is now rarely 
 used. It is also called Bwglos'sa, Buglos'snm 
 angustifo'lium majus, B. ^Milga'ri majus, B. 
 sati'vunht a 
 
 Ahohu'sa Tincto'eia, Alcan'na spuria. Dy- 
 er's Bugloss^Ane'hhwm^Buglos' sum TS,ncto'rum^ 
 lAthosper'mwm villo'sHm, Dyer's Al'hanet, (F.) 
 Orcanette. A European pletnt. The medical 
 properties are equivocal. It is used to give a 
 heautiful red colour to ointments. 
 
 ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCISTRON, Hamulus. 
 
 ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris. ' 
 
 ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon. 
 
 ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 ANCONi., Anconeus. 
 
 ANCOME'US, from ayxwr, « the elbow.' A 
 term once applied to every muscle attached to 
 the olecranon. Winslow distinguished four: 
 -^the great, external, internal, and small; the 
 first three being portions of the same muscle, 
 thetriceps brachialis. The last has, alOne, re- 
 tained the name. It is the Antone'us minor of 
 Winslow, the Ancone'us vel Cubita'lis Riola'ni 
 of Douglass, the Epicondylo-CuHta'lis of Chaus- 
 sier, the Brevis Cu'hiti, (F.) Anconi, and is si- 
 tuate at the upper and back part of the fbre-arm. 
 It arises from the external condyle of the os 
 humeri, and is inserted into the posterior edge 
 of the upper third of the ulna. Its use is to aid 
 in the extension of the fore-arm. 
 
 Anconeus Exteentjs, see Triceps extensor 
 cubiti — a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
 — a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti. 
 
 ANCTE'RES. Fibula or Clasps, by which 
 the lips of wounds were formerly kept together. 
 — Celsus, Galen. 
 
 AJVCTERIASMUS, Infibulation. 
 
 KfiCVBlTV^ Petrifae'tio. An affection of 
 the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand 
 were irritating the organ. 
 
 AN CUN N UE N 'TM . A name formerly given 
 to females during menstruation. 
 
 ANGUS, Ankus, from ayx^v, 'the elbow.' 
 One who cannot extend his arms completely. 
 
 Also the deformity resulting from a' luxation 
 of the humerus or fore-arm. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANCYLE, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCYLOBLEPHARON, Ankylo'blepharon. 
 
 ANCYLODERE, Torticollis. 
 
 ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis. 
 
 ANCYLODON'TIA, Ankylodontia. 
 
 ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia. 
 
 ANCYLOMELE, Ankylomele^ 
 
 ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus. 
 
 ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
 
 ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus. 
 
 ANCYRA, Hook. 
 
 ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity. 
 
 ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
 
 AND A. A tree of Brazil ;—4ra£?a Gomelsii, 
 Joanne' sia princeps. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceai. 
 Sex. Syst. MonoDcia Monadelphia. An oil is 
 
 obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 
 drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is 
 an oval nut, containing two seeds. These have 
 the taste of the chestnut; but are strongly ca- 
 thartic, and even emetic. The shell is astrin- 
 gent, and used as such in diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 ANDELY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Andely is in France, near Gysore, and eight 
 leagues from Rouen. The water is cold, and a 
 weak chalybeate. It is used in chlorosis and 
 abdominal obstructions. 
 
 ANDERSON'S PILLS, PilulEe Aloes et Ja- 
 
 ANDIRA INERMIS, Geoffraea inermis— a. 
 Surinamensis, Geoffraea Surinamensis. 
 
 ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivum tecto- 
 rum. 
 
 ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca. 
 
 kl<iV>'S.ANKTO^.'lK,Ar(dr(mat'omi,Andro- 
 tom'ia, Andrat'omS, Anthropot'otM/, from cen/jj 
 genitive ovigoj, ' a man,' and te/ihiV, ' to cut.' 
 The anatomy of man. 
 
 ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood. 
 
 Amdri'a Mu'lier, Mu'lier Hermaphrodi^ica. 
 A female hermaphrodite. 
 
 ANDROGEN'IA, from Bri,g, 'man,' and 
 ytrtuic, 'generation.' The procreation of males. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANDROG"YNUS, from apijgj ' a man/ and 
 yvir^, ' a woman.' An hermaphrodite. An ef- 
 feminate person. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANDROLEPSIA, Conception. 
 
 ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree, 
 Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Eli Tr,ee, Elk Wood, 
 Sorrel Wood, Sout, Leaf , (P.^Andromedier. A 
 small indigenous tree'; Nat. Ord. EricesS, Sex. 
 Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in the Alle- 
 ghany Mountains and the hills and valleys di- 
 verging from them, as far as the southern limits 
 of Georgia and Alabama ; but seldom north cuf 
 Virginia. The leaves are refrigerant and astrin- 
 gentj and have beenused to make a kind of le- 
 monade, which has been given in fevers. 
 I Andeom'eda MaeIa'na, Broad-leaved Moor- 
 wort. A decoction of this American plant is 
 said to hav^ been successfully employed as a 
 wash, in a disagreeable affection,-^^ot uncom- 
 mon amongst the slaves in the southern parts 
 of the United States, — called the Toe Iteh, and 
 Groitnd Itch. — Barton. 
 
 ANDROPOGON SCHffiNANTHUS, Juncus 
 odoratus — a. Natdus, Calamus Alexandrinus, 
 Nardus Indica. 
 
 ANDROSACE, Umbilicus maririus— a. Mat- 
 thioli. Umbilicus marinus. 
 
 ANDROSjEMUM, Hypericum perfpratum. 
 
 ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 
 ANDRUM. An East India word. Latinized 
 by Kaempfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis 
 of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia. 
 
 AN&ANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'itim ex- 
 tinc'tio. This word is often employed hyper- 
 bolically, by patients in France, to signify ex- 
 cessive fatigue, debility or sjmcope. 
 
 ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 
 ANEBUS, Impuber. 
 
 ANECPYE'TUS, from «r, for avta, 'with- 
 out,' and nvsm, 'I promote suppuration.' That 
 which does not suppurate, or is not likely to 
 suppurate. 
 
 ANEGER'TICE, from aviynqw, ' I awaken.' 
 The art of resuscitating the apparently dead. 
 
ANEILEMA 
 
 50 
 
 ANEURISM 
 
 ANFILE'MAjAneile'sis, flora aretiea6at,' to 
 he rolled upwards.' Appjied particularly to the 
 motion of air in the intestines and the tormina 
 accompanying it. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANEILESIS, Aneilema. 
 
 ANEMIA, Anaemia. 
 
 ANEMO'NE. The Wind Flower: from an- 
 /ios, 'the ^ind,' because it does not open its 
 flowers till blown upon by the wind. 
 
 ANEMONE JOES BOIS, Anemone nemo- 
 rosa. , 
 
 Anemo'nb" HEPAT'lCAjfiisjjat'tca nob'iliSjHer- 
 ba Trinita'tis, Hepat^iea or Herb Trinity, He- 
 pat'ieus Flos, Trifo'lium Hepai'icum, Anem'- 
 ony. The plant is a mild astringent and tonic. 
 Dos6 Y^ of the powder. It may be given in in- 
 fusion. 
 
 Anemo'ne Nemoeo'sa, Kanun'culus dibits. 
 Wood anem'ony, (F.) Anemone des bois. The 
 herb and flowers are poisonous, acrid, and cor- 
 rosive. They have been used as rubefacients. 
 
 Anemo'ne Peaten'sis, Pnlsatil'la ni!gricai\.s. 
 This plant has similar properties with the last. 
 It is also called Meadow Anemony, (F.) Fulsa- 
 tille iwire, P. des pr_6s. 
 
 Anemo'ne Pulsatill'i-a, Piilsatil'la vulga'- 
 ris,Herba ventis,Nola culina'ria,Pasquefiower, 
 (F.) Coquelourde, possesses like properties. 
 
 ANEMON Y, Anemone hepatica— a. Meadow, 
 Anemone pratensis — a.Wood,Anemone nemorosa. 
 
 ANEMOS, Wind. 
 
 ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus. 
 
 ANBNCEPHALOTROPHJE, from ar pri- 
 vative; Ej/itipoAoc, 'the encephalon,' and rgocfij, 
 ' nourishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon. . 
 
 ANENCEPH'ALUS, from * privative, and 
 tyKsipoJloc, 'brain.' A monster devoid of brain. 
 — Bonetus. G. St. Hilaire. Also one that has 
 a part only of the brain ; — Paraciph'alus. The 
 condition has been called Anencephal'ia. A 
 weak, silly person. — Hippocrates. ' 
 
 ANENEKGESIA, Debility. 
 
 ANENERGIA, Debility. 
 
 ANENTERO.NERVIA, Colic. 
 
 ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia, 
 
 ANEPITHYM'IAj from a priv., and ^ni!^v-' 
 liia, ' desire.' Many nosologists have used this 
 word for a loss of the appetites, as of those of 
 hunger, thirst, venery, &c. 
 
 Anepithymia Chlokosis, 'Chlorosis. 
 
 ANER, avtjg, genitive atjjoi:. A man. 
 
 ANERETHIS'IA, Inirritabil'itas, from « 
 priv., and sQtdiai^., ' irritability.' Defect of ir- 
 ritability. — Swediaur. 
 
 ANESIS, Remission. 
 
 ANESTHiSIE, Anaesthesia. 
 
 ANESTH£SIE EXTATIQUE. The ag- 
 gregate of phenomena of impaired feeling pro- 
 duced especially by the manipulations of the 
 animal magnetizer. — Andra'l. 
 
 ANESTHETIC, AnEesthetlc. 
 
 ANESTHiTIQUE, Anaesthetic. 
 
 ANESON, Anethum. 
 
 ANESUM, Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 ANET, Anethum. 
 
 ANETH, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 ANE'THUM, Ane'son, Ane'ton, Ane'thum 
 Ftenic'itlum, Ft^nic'uhim, F. vulga'rS, F. DttlcS, 
 Ligus'ticumfanic'uhim, Fan'culnm, Fennel or 
 Finckle, Mar'athrUTn, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (F.) 
 Fenouil ou Anis doux. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The seeds, Fa- 
 nic'ulum, (Ph. U. S.) have an aromatic odour, 
 
 and warm sweetish taste. They are carmina- 
 tive. The oil — Olewn Fceniduli — is officinal 
 in the Ph. U. S. The root is said tobe pecto- 
 ral and diuretic. 
 
 AneIhuSh Fceniculum, Anethum. 
 
 Ane'thum Graveolens,. 4'ieiA'«n8,, ^. Uor- 
 ten'sl. Hill, (F.) Aneth, Fenoidl puant. A na- 
 tive of the southof Europe. The^seeds are sti- 
 mulant and carminative. Dose, gr. xv to gj. 
 
 OleiumAne'thi,pil of Dill, (F.) BmU d'Aneth, 
 possesses the carminative properties of the plant. 
 
 ANETICUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANETOiN, Anethum. 
 
 ANETUS, IntermitJ:ent fever— a. Quartanus, 
 Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia- 
 nus. Tertian fever. 
 
 AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma, Aneurys'mua, 
 Ajieuris'tna, Cedma, from avsvQwEiv, ' to dilate 
 or distend.' Dilata'tio Arteria rum, Ecta'sia, 
 Emboris'tna, Exangi'a aneuri^m^a, Arteri&u- 
 rys'ma, Artereurys*ma, HcRmatoce^H arXerio'sa, 
 Absces' sicsspiriitio' sus,Arteriec'tasis,(^.')Anev- 
 ry'sme, Aneurysme. Properly, Aneurism sig- 
 nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an 
 artery; but it has been extended to various le; 
 sions of arteries, as well as to dilatations of the 
 hearth 
 
 There are various kinds of aneurism. Tha 
 following are the chief. 
 
 I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, 
 is enclosed within the dilated coats of the arte- 
 ry. This is the'true aiieurism,^neurysmci ve- 
 rum. Hernia Arterin'ritTti, (F .) Anevrysme vrai. 
 
 II. When the blood has escaped from the 
 opened artery, it is called spurious or false an- 
 eurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Euptu'ra Arte'- 
 ri<B,Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'- 
 Tna arterid'sum., (F.) Anevrysnie faux. The 
 latter is divided into three varieties, 
 
 1. The diffused false aneurism, (F.) Anin- 
 rysm.e faux,'pri'mitif, diffus, noncirconscHt ou 
 par infiltration, which occurs immediately after 
 the division or rupture of an artery, and consists 
 of an extravasation of blood into the cellular 
 texture of the part. 
 
 2. The circumscribed false a.neurism, (F.)^. 
 faux consccutif, circonscrit ou par epanck-emsnt, 
 enkyste ou sacciforme, tuineur hemorrhagiale 
 circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the 
 vessel some time after the receipt of the wound, 
 and forms itself a sac in th6 neighbouring cel- 
 lular mepibrane. 
 
 3. The An'eurism, by Anastomo'sis, or Var'r 
 icose An' eurisTH, PhlebarteriodiaX'ysis, Aneti- 
 rys'ma veno'so-atterio'stim, A.varico'sum, (F.) 
 Anevrysme par anastomose ou vdriqueux, A. par 
 erosion, A. de Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, 
 which arises from the simultaneous wounding of 
 an artery and vein; — the arterial blood passing 
 into the vein, and producing a varicose state of it. 
 
 III. Miited Aneurisin, (F.) Anevrysme mixte, 
 is that which arises from the dilatation of one 
 ot two of the coats, with division or rupture of 
 the other. Some authors have made two va- 
 rieties of this. 
 
 1 . Mixed external Anetirism, where the inter- 
 nal and middle coats are ruptured, and the cel- 
 lular is dilated. 
 
 2. Mixed internal Anetirism, in which the 
 internal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a 
 hernial sac, through the ruptured middle and 
 outer coats. This variety has been called Aneu- 
 rys'ma Her'niam Arte'rice sistens. 
 
ANEURISM AL 
 
 51 
 
 ANGEIOLOGY 
 
 Aneurisms have been likewise termed trau- 
 mat'ic and sponta'neous, according as they may 
 have been caused by a wound, or have origi- 
 nated spontaneously. They haye also been di- 
 vided into internal and external. 
 
 The internal aneurisms are situate in the 
 great splanchnic cavities, and occur in the 
 heart and great vessels of the chest, abdomen, 
 &c. Their diagnosis is difficult, and th^y are 
 often inaccessible to surgical treatment. 
 
 The external aneurisms are situate at the 
 exterior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are 
 distinctly pulsatory. 
 
 Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be 
 combated by a debilitant treatment, oh the plan 
 of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood- 
 letting, with food, enough merely to support 
 life. In external aneurism, the artery can be 
 obliterated. This is usually done by applying 
 a ligature above the aneurismal tumour. 
 
 Ameueism, Dissecting, i,s one in which, ow- 
 ing to rupture of the inner and middle coats of 
 an artery, the blood makes itself a channel be- 
 tween these coats and the outer coat. 
 
 In many cases, the lesion appears to consist 
 in a separation of the lamina of the middle coat, 
 between which the blood forms itself a channel. 
 
 Aneiteisms of the Heaet, Cardion'c/ii, Car- 
 dieurys'ma, (F.) Anevrysmes du cceur, have 
 been divided into active axiA passive. The for- 
 mer can scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as 
 they most commonly consist of increased thick- 
 ness of the parietes of the heart, which dimi- 
 nishes its cavity instead of increasing it. The 
 term Hypertrophy of the heart, (q. v.) better 
 indicates their character. Passive aneurism, 
 Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary, is attended with 
 extenuation of the parietes of the organ, and 
 enlargement of the cavities. The physical signs 
 of dilatation of the' heart are the following : — 
 The action of the heart is not visible, and no 
 impulse is conveyed to the hand. On percus- 
 sion, there is a loss of resonance over a larger 
 surface than usual, but the dulness is much less 
 intense than that which' accompanies hypertro- 
 phy. On auscultation, the action of the heart 
 is only slightly felt, and communicates at once 
 the impression of its diminished power. The 
 impulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are 
 widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not 
 much fainter at a distance from their point of 
 origin. . 
 
 Partial or true aneurism of the heart — Car-^ 
 diedtasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consectiti'vum 
 cordis, is sometimes seen, — rarely, however. 
 
 The name Aneurism, of the Valves of the heart 
 has been given to pouch-like projections of the 
 valves into the auricles. 
 
 Aneurism by Anastomosis, see, Aneurism — 
 a. External, see Aneurism — a. False, see Aneu- 
 rism — a. False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — 
 a. False, diffused, see Aneurism — a. Internal, 
 see Aneurism — a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a. 
 Mixed, external, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, in- 
 ternal, see Aneurism — a. Spontaneous, see Aneu- 
 rism — a. Spurious, see Aneurism — a. Trau- 
 matic, see Aneurism — a. True, see Aneurism 
 — a. Varicose, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURIS'MAL, Anbury s'mal, Aneuris- 
 mM'ic, Aneurysmat'icus, Aneurisma'lis . That 
 which belongs to Aneurism. • 
 
 Aneurismal Sac or Cyst,(Y.) Sac ou Kyste 
 anevrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the 
 
 .dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the 
 blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con- 
 tained. 
 
 ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal. 
 
 ANEURYSM, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Herniam ar- 
 teriae sistens, see Aneurism — a. ^purium, see 
 Aneurism — a. Varicosiim, see Aneurism — a. Ve- 
 noso-arteriosum, see Aneurism — a. Verum, see 
 Aneurism. , 
 
 ANEUR YSME, Aneurism. 
 
 ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation. 
 
 AN&VRYSME, Aneurism— a. de I'Aorte, 
 Aorteurysma — a. Circonscrit, see Aneurism — 
 a. de Pott, see Aneurism — a. des Plus petites 
 arteres, see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism 
 — a. Eniyste, see Aneurism — a. Faux, see 
 Aneurism — a. Fatter, consecutif, see Aneurism 
 •^— a. Mixte, see Aneurism — a. par Anastomose, 
 see Aneurism — a. par &panchement, see Aneu- 
 rism — a. par £rosion, see Aneurisih — a. par In- 
 filtration,iee Aneurism — a. Primitif,see Aneu- 
 rism — a. Sacciforme, see Aneurism — a. Vari- 
 queux, see Aneurism — a.Vrai, see Aneurism. 
 
 ANFION, Maslach. 
 
 ANFRACTUOSITES CARAskALES, 
 Anfractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmoidales, see 
 Anfraptuosity. 
 
 ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Gyrus, 
 from am,, ' around,' and fi angere, fractiim, ' to 
 break.' A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy 
 to signify sinuous degressions or sulci, of great- 
 er or less depth, like those which separate the 
 convolutions of the brain from each other. 
 These ^ 
 
 Anfractuosities, • Cerebral, Anfrac'tus 
 Cer'ehri, Gyri Cerebri, Intestin! ula Cer'ebri, 
 (F.) Anfractuositis Ceribrales, are always nar- 
 row, and deeper at the upper surface of the 
 brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro- 
 longation of the pia mater. 
 
 The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called 
 Anfrdctuo sites ethmoidales. 
 
 ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity-:a. Cerebri, 
 Anfractuosities (cerebral.) 
 
 ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIAL, Vascular. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
 
 ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis. 
 . ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiog'raphy, Angei- 
 ograph'ia, from nYYftov, 'a vessel,' and )/{a9>;, 
 ' a description.' The anatomy of the vessels. 
 
 A NGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiokydrog'. 
 rapky, Angeiqn/lrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra'- 
 phia, Hydrangiograph'ia, from ayyuor, * a ves- 
 sel,' VJui;, ' water,' and yjaif tu, ' I describe.' A 
 treatise on the lymphatics. ' 
 
 A N GEIOHYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrofomy, 
 Angeiondrot' omy , Angeiohydrotom'ia, SydraU' 
 giotoim'ia, from ofyyttsv, 'a vessel,' 'vdwq^ * wa- 
 ter,' and rtfivtir, 'to cut.' Dissection of the 
 lymphatics. 
 
 ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, Lym- 
 phan-gei'tis, Ijymphangi'tis, T/ymphangioi'tis, 
 Hydrangei'tis, Ijym/phi'tis, hymphiati'tis, In- 
 fiarmna'tio vnso'rum lyTnphatico' ru/m, from ay- 
 yxior, 'a vessel,' xtvxi?, 'white,' and iijs, in- 
 flammation. (F.) Inflam/mation des vaisseaux 
 lymphatiques ou des tissus blancs. Inflamma- 
 tion of the lymphatics : lymphatic or scrofulous 
 inflammation. •«• 
 
 ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiol'ogy, Angdolog"ia, 
 from ayyiiof, 'a vessel,' and xoyoc, 'a discourse.' 
 
ANGEIOMALACIA 
 
 52 
 
 ANGINA 
 
 A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of 
 the vessels. It incluies'Arteriol'ogt/jFhleliol'- 
 ogy, and Angeiohydrol'ogy. 
 
 ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomalafcia; from 
 oyytior, 'a vessel,.' and fiaXaxia, 'softening.' 
 Mollescence or softening of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOMYCES, Ifematodes funguS. 
 
 ANGEION, Vessel. ' ■ 
 
 ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, AngeiohydTOgra- 
 
 ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGEIOP ATHI' A, Angiopathi'a, Angeion'- 
 osiis, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, flora ayyi'i'i '^ 
 vessel,' and ntSoi, ' a disease.' Disease of the 
 vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
 
 ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
 ANGEIORRHAGIA:^ Hsemorrhagia activa. 
 
 ANGEIORRHCE'A, (F.) Angeiorrhee; from 
 ayytioi, ' a vessel,' and jsio, 'I flovir.' Passive 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis. 
 
 ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS, AngiemphraxiS'. 
 
 ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'sis, from ay- 
 yaor, 'a vessel,' and oo-Ttcuo-if, ? ossification.' 
 Ossification of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. 
 
 ANGEIOTELEGTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGEIOTOMY, Angiot'omy,Angeiotom'ia, 
 tTOm ayyetor, 'a vessel,' and xcfiieiv, 'to cut.' 
 Dissection of the vessels. 
 
 ANGEI'TIS, Angii'tis, Angioi'tis, Inflam- 
 ma'ttio vaso'rum, (F.) AngHte. Inflammation 
 Of vessels in generals 
 
 ANGEL'ICA, AngeVica Jirchangel'ica, A. 
 Hispa'na^ Garden Angelica, (F.) Angelique, 
 Racine de Saint Esprit. So called from its 
 supposed angelic virtues. Nat. Ord. Umbelli- 
 ferte. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. Native 
 of Lapland. The roots, stalk, leaves, and seed 
 are aromatic and carminative. A sweetmeat 
 is made of the root, vyhich is agreeable. 
 
 Ahgel'ica Atropurpu'rea, Angelica (Ph. 
 U. S.), Masterwort. An indigenous species, 
 growing over the whole of the United States, 
 and admitted into the secondary list of the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States. Virtues, same 
 as those of the Angelica of Europe. 
 
 Ahgel'ica Sylves'tKis, A. sati'va. Wild An- 
 gelica, (¥.)Angelique sauvagi.' Possesses si- 
 milar properties to the last, but in an inferior 
 degree. The seeds, powdered and put into the 
 hair, are used to destroy lice^ 
 
 Angelica Sylvestris, Ligusticum podagra- 
 ria — a. Tree, Aralia Sjiinosa. 
 
 ANGELI'NiE CORTEX. The bark of a 
 Grenada tree, which has been recommended as 
 anthelmintic and cathartic. 
 
 ANGS.LIQUE, Angelica— a. Sauvage, An- 
 gelica sylvestris. 
 
 AN.GELOC ACOS, Myrobalanus. 
 
 ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis. 
 
 ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Hffimatodes fungus. 
 
 ANGIEMPHRAXIS, J]7igemphrax'is, An- 
 geiosteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayfiiov, ' a 
 vessel,' and cfufpalii, ' obstruction.' Obstrucr 
 tion of vessels. A'- 
 
 ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix. 
 
 ANGIEC'TASIS, Angieiecta'sia, Angecta'sia, 
 
 s'ma, from ayyum, 'a, vessel,' and 
 MTot-tt, 'dilatation.' Any dilatation of vessels. 
 — Griife and Alibert. - Telangiectasia, (q. v.) 
 
 ANGIEURYSMA, Angiectasis. 
 
 .SNGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGIITIS, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGI'NA, Febris Angino'sa, Isthwd'tis, 
 Quinsiy or Sore Throat; from angere, ' td suf- 
 focate.' Inflammation of the supra-diaphrag- 
 matic portion of the alimentary canal, and of 
 the air passages. Tie Latin writers applied 
 the term to every disease in which deglutition 
 or respiration, separately or united, was eflected, 
 provided that such affection was above the sto- 
 mach and lungs. — Boerhaave speaks of the an- 
 gina 'of the moribund, which is nothing more 
 than the dysphagia or diflicult deglutition pre- 
 ceding death. See Cynanche. 
 ■ AngIna Aphthosa, Aphtha — a. Aqiio?a, 
 (Edema of the glottis — a. Bronchialis, Bron- 
 chitis^a. Canina, Cynanche trachealis^-a. 
 Cordis, Angina pectoris — a. cum Tumore, Cy- 
 nanche tonsillaris — a. Epidemica, Cynanche 
 maligna— a. Epiglottidea, Epiglottitis— a. Ery- 
 sipelatosa, Erythranche — a. Exudatoria, Cy- 
 nanche trachealis— a. Externa, Cynanche pSro- 
 tidaea — a. Taucium, Isthmitis— a. Faucium Ma- 
 ligna, Cynanche maligna— a. Gangraenosa, Cy- 
 nanche maligiia— a. Humida, Cynanche tra- 
 chealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynanche, Cynanche 
 trachealis— a. Laryngea, Laryngitis— al Laryn- 
 gea (Edematosa, (Edema of the glottis-^a. Lin- 
 guaria, Glfassitis — a. Maligna, Angina pellicu- 
 laris, Cynanche maligna. Pharyngitis, diphthe- 
 ritic^- a. Maxillaris", Cynanche parbtidaea— a. 
 Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. Mitis, 
 Isthmitis. . 
 
 Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasi'tis posti'ca. An in- 
 flammation pf the posterior portion of the Schnei- 
 derian meihbrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza, 
 (q. V.) 
 
 Ahgi'na (Edemato'sa, (F.) Angine adima- 
 teuse, (Edimi de la G-lotte. An oedematous 
 swelling of the glottis ; the effect of chronic 
 cynanche lar)mgea. See (Edema of the Glottis. 
 
 Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis— a. Paralyti- 
 ca, Pharyngoplegia— a. Farotidsea Externa, Cy- 
 nanche parotidaea. ' 
 
 Angi'na Peo'toris, A. cordis, StemaVgia, 
 Asthma spasHico-arthrit^icum inco7i'stdns,Astk' 
 ma diaphragtnat'ie'wm, Arthri'tis diaphragma- 
 tica, Orthopnce'a cardi'aca, St'ernodyn'ia syn- 
 cop'tica et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lii, Cardiog'- 
 mus cordis sinis'tri, A stheni' a pectoraUis ,Angor 
 pec'toris, Stenocar'dia, Diuphragmat'ic gout. 
 Asthma convulsi'vtmi,A^thma arfhrit'iciim,Car' 
 dioneural'giaj Neural'gia hrachiothorac"ica, 
 Hypersesthe'sia plexus cardi'aci, A. dolbfif- 
 iciMn, Syn'copE angino' sa seu arigens, Cardiod'- 
 ynZ spasmod'ica intcTmit'tens, Fnigopho'Ha, 
 Prun&l'la, Suspir'ium cardi^acum, Pneumontd'^ 
 gia, Suff'ocative Breast-pang, (F.) A7igine de 
 Poitrine, Nevrose du Cceur. A disease, the 
 precise pathology of which is riot known. The 
 principal symptoms are, violent pain about the 
 sternum, extending towards the arms; anxiety, 
 dyspnoea, and sense of suffocation. It is an af- 
 fection of great danger, and is often connected 
 with ossification, or other morbid affection of 
 the heart. It appears to be neuropathic, and 
 has been termed JVeara^^'a of the Heart. Some, 
 however, employ this last term for an. acutely 
 painful intermittent affection of the heart, 
 
ANGmE GUTTURALS 
 
 53 
 
 ANGLE 
 
 which seems to differ from angioa pectoris 
 more in regard to the small number of parts 
 which are drawn into morbid consent with the 
 affected cardiac nerves, than in regard either to 
 its nature or appropriate treatment. The most 
 powerful ^stimulating and narcotic antispasmo- 
 dics are required during the paroxysm. 
 
 Angi'n A Pellicula 'Eis,4.OTa&g"'Maji)y)AiA«- 
 ri'tis (q. V.) of the throat. A name given to 
 those inflammations about the throat, in which 
 exudations or false membranes are thrown out, 
 during the phlogosis of thq mucous membranes. 
 Aphtha, Trfi.ch'eitis, when accompanied with 
 the membraniform exudation, are^ with some, 
 examples of diphtheritic inflammation. 
 
 Angina Peenioiosa, Cynanche trachealis — 
 a. Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic-^a. 
 Polyposa, Cynanche trachealis — a. Polyposa 
 seu membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a. 
 Pseudo-membranosa, Phalangitis, diphtheritic 
 — a. Pulposa; Cynanche trachealis— .a. Sangui- 
 nea, Qynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 Angina Sicca, (F«) ^ngine seche, is a chro- 
 nic inflammation of the pharjrnx, with' a dis- 
 tressing sense of dryness and heat, in chronic 
 diseases of the stomach and lungs. See PW- 
 danchone. 
 
 Angina Simple'x, Isthmitis. 
 
 Angina SQUiiiiLo'sA,(F.) Angitiesquimuse, 
 consists in difficulty of deglutition, caused by 
 scirrhous disorganization- of the pharynx or 
 oesophagus, or by enlarged tonsils. 
 
 Angina Strangulatoria, Cynanche trache- 
 alis — 3/. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis — a. 
 Suffocatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Syno- 
 chalis, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea, 
 Thyreoitis — a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris 
 — a. Trachealis, Cynanche tirachealis — a. Ulce- 
 rosa, Cynanche maligna — a. Uvularis, Staphy- 
 Icedema, Uvulitis — a. Vera et Legitima, Cy- 
 nanche tonsillaris. 
 
 ANGINE GUTTXTRALE, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris — a. Laryngee, Laryngitis — a. Laryngee 
 et traeheale, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngee 
 ademateuse, (Edema of the glottis — a. (Esopha- 
 gienne, CEsophagiti& — a. Fhcuryngee, Cynanche 
 parotidaea — a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris — -a. 
 Seche, Angina sicca — a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. 
 Sgidrretise, Angina Squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, 
 Cynaiiche tonsillaris. ' 
 
 ANGINEUX, Anginosa. 
 
 ANGINQ'SA, (F.) Angineux- That which 
 iS' accompanied with angina; as Scarlati'na an- 
 gino'sd, 
 
 ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from oyye.or, 'a vessel,' 
 and carditis, ' inflammation of the heart.' In- 
 flammation of the heart and great vessels. 
 
 ANGIOGRAPHY, Angiography. 
 
 ANGIOHeMIE, Hyperemia. 
 
 ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- 
 phy. 
 
 ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 ANGIOITIS, Angeitis. 
 
 ANGIOLEUCITlS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology. . 
 
 ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia'. 
 
 ANGIOMYCES, Ha&matodes fungus. 
 
 ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia. 
 
 ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. - 
 
 ANGIOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
 ANGIO'.SIS, from ayysitv, 'a. vessel.' An- 
 
 geio'sis, Angeiopathi'a, (q. v.) Under this term 
 Alibert includes every disease of the blood ves- 
 
 ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, ABgiemphxaxis.' 
 
 ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis- 
 
 ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis. 
 
 ANGIOSTROPHE, See Torsion. 
 
 ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 ANGIOTEN'IC, Angeioten'ic, Angioten'i- 
 cus seu Afigeioten'icus, from a-yyiMv, 'a ves- 
 sel,' and rtiveiv, 'to extend.' An epithet given 
 to inflammatory fever, owing to its actioa 
 seeming to be chiefly exerted on the vascular 
 system. 
 
 ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotoray. 
 
 ANGLE, An'gulus, from nyxvloi;, 'a hoot.' 
 The space between two lines which (meet in a 
 point. 
 
 Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is 
 formed by theunion of two lines, one of which 
 is drawn from the most prominent part of the 
 forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw, 
 ' opposite the incisor teeth, and the other from 
 the meatus auditorius externus to the same 
 point of the javv. According to the size of the an- 
 gle it has been attempted to appreciate the respec- 
 tive proportions of the cranium and face, and, to 
 a certain extent, the degree of intelligence of 
 individuals and of animals. In the white va- 
 rieties of the species, this angle is generally 
 80° ; in the negro not more than 70°, and some- 
 times only 65°. As we descend the scale of 
 animals, the angle becomes les^ and less ; un- 
 til, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears. 
 Animals which haye the snout long, and facial 
 angle small, such as the snipe, crane,, stork, 
 &c., are proverbially foolish, at least they are 
 so esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to 
 those in which the angle is more largely deve- 
 loped, as the elephant and the owl. In these 
 last animals,, however, the large facial angle is 
 caused by the size of the frontal sinuses : — ,so 
 that this mode of appreciating the size of the 
 brain is very inexact, and cannot be depended 
 upon. 
 
 The following is a table of the angle in man 
 and certain animals : 
 
 FACIAL ANGLES. 
 
 Man - .-■.., from 65° to 85° 
 
 Sapajou - - - ' 63 
 
 Orang-Utang . 56 to 5^ 
 
 Guenon . 57 
 
 Mandrill 30 to 4'2 
 
 . Coati - 23 
 
 Pfile-cat . . - , 31 
 
 Fugling . . ,35 
 
 Mastiff - - . . 41 
 
 Hare - . _ 30 
 
 Ram - - 30 
 
 ^orse ..... 33 
 
 Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed 
 by a line drawn from the posterior margin of 
 the foramen magnum to the inferior margin of 
 the orbit, and another drawn from the top of 
 the head to the space between the occipital 
 condyles. In man, these condyles, as well as the 
 foramen magnum, are so situatfe, that 'a line 
 drawn perpendicular to thera would be a con- 
 tinuation of the spine; but in animals they ar« 
 placed more or less obliquely; and the perppn- 
 dicular is necessarily thrown farther forward, 
 and the angle rendered more acute. 
 
 Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is th« 
 angle formed by two lines, which shave the 
 extremities of an object, and meet at the centre 
 of the«pupil. 
 
ANGOISSE 
 
 54 
 
 ANIMAL 
 
 ANGOISSE, Angor. 
 
 ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, 
 which possesses vermifuge properties. 
 
 AN'GONE, Preefoca'tio Fau'dum seu TJt'eri'- 
 na squ M^atri'cis, Strangula'tio uteri'nU, Sv-ffo- 
 ea'tio uteri'na seu hystei^ica, Globus kyster'i- 
 etis, OrtJiopnm'a h^ster'ica, Dijspha'gia globo'- 
 sa, D. hyster'ica, Nervous Quinsey. A feeling 
 of strangulation, with dread of suffocation. It 
 is common in hysterical females, and is accom- 
 panied with a sensation as if a ball arose from 
 the abdomen to the throat. 
 
 ANGOR, Anguish, (F.) Angidsse. Extreme 
 anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction 
 at the epigastrium, and often with palpitation 
 and oppression. It is frequently an unfavoura- 
 ble symptom. 
 
 Angor, Agony, Orthopncea — a. Faucium, 
 Isthmitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris. 
 ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel. 
 ANGOURION, Cucumis sativtrs. 
 ANGUIS, Serpent. 
 ANGUISH, Angor. 
 
 Anguish, Febkile, Angor Fehri'lis. The 
 combinatioii of weariness, pain, anxiety, and 
 weakness affecting ,the head and 'neck, which 
 is so generally observed at the commencement 
 of fever. 
 
 ANGVLAIRE DE L'OMOFLATE, Le- 
 vator scapuloB. 
 
 AN'GULAR, Angula'ris, from angulus; 
 ' an angle,' (F.) Angulaire. That which re- 
 lates to an angle. 
 
 ANGur,AR Aetery and Vein. A name given, 
 1. to' the termination of the facial artery and 
 vein, because they pass by the greater angle of 
 the eye; and, 2. to the facial artery anJ vein 
 themselves, because they pass under the aiigle 
 of the jaw. See Facial. 
 
 Angular Nerve is a filament furnished by 
 the inferior maxillary, which passes near the 
 greater angle of the eye. 
 
 Angular Processes of the frontal bone are 
 seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar. 
 ANGULARIS, Levator scapulse. 
 ANGULI-SCAPUW-mrmiRAL, Teres 
 major. 
 
 ANGULUS OCULARIS, Canthus. 
 ANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus. 
 ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Sys- 
 tole — a. Intestini recti vel ani. Stricture of the 
 rectum. 
 
 ANGUS'TIA, Angustdtio, Stenocho' ria. 
 Anxiety, narrowness, strait, constriction. 
 
 . Angustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a. 
 Perinsalis, Pelvis (Outlet.) 
 
 ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifuga— a. Spu- 
 ria, Brucea antidysenterica. 
 
 ANGUSTURE, FATXSSE, Brucea antidy- 
 senterica — a. Ferrugineuse, Brucea anti-dysen- 
 terica — a. Vraie, Cusparia febrifuga. 
 ANH^MATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anemia. 
 ANH^MIA, Ansmia. 
 ANHAPHIA, Anaphia. 
 ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, * I pant.' An- 
 hel'itus, Aas'miis, Panting, Anhelation, (F.) 
 Essotiflement. Short and rapid breathing. See 
 Dyspnoea. 
 
 Anhelatio is sometimes employed synony- 
 mously with asthma. 
 ANHELITUS, Breath. 
 ANHIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 
 'jo-Tos, 'organic texture,' ^anorganic.'' Amor'- 
 
 phus. The tunica decidua uteri is termed by 
 Velpeau the anhistous ■mettihrane, 
 ANHUIBA, Laurus sassafras. 
 ANICE'TON, Anice'tiimj Mesia'mitm, ftora 
 a, privative, and nxi;, ' victory,' ' invincible.' A 
 plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases 
 of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse, 
 thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and' oil 
 
 AjfI'DEUS, from a.v, privative, and uSoc, 
 'shape;' Ainbrpkus. A monster devoid of shape. 
 —J. G. St. Hil'aire. 
 
 ANIDRO'SIS, from a, privative, and 'lifoK, 
 ' sweat.' Sudo'ris md'litas vel priva'tio. Ab- 
 sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration 
 
 Hippocrates, 
 ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
 ANILITASj see Dementia. 
 AN'IMA,' Avfimus, Mens, FsycU. , The 
 mind, breath, &c., from an/jios, ' wind or 
 breath.' (F.) Ame. The principle of the in- 
 tpUectUal ,and moral manifestations. ' Also, the 
 principle of life :— the life of plants being 
 termed An'imave^etKti'vajCF.^^me vegetative; 
 that of man, An'tma sensiti'iia, (¥,:)' Ame' sen- 
 sitive, '' ' 
 
 The Anima of Stahl, Ai^inhi Stahlia'na, was 
 a fancied intelligent principle, which he sup- 
 posed to preside over the phenomena of life,— 
 like the Jtrehxus of Van Helmoht. 
 
 Under the term Atiima mundi, the ancient 
 philosophers meant a universal Spirit, which 
 "they supposed spread over every part of the 
 'Universe. 
 
 The precise seat of the mind in the brain has 
 given rise t6 many speculations. The point is' 
 unsettled. 
 
 With the ancient chemists, .Anima meant the 
 active principle of a drug separated by some 
 chemical management. 
 
 Anima Aloss: see Aloes — a'. Articulorum, 
 Herinodactylus— a. Hepatis, Ferri sulphas— a. 
 Pulmonum, Crocus^a. Rhei, Infusum rhei— a. 
 Stahliana, see Anima. 
 
 ANIMAL, Zo'on, tiuar. A name given to 
 every animated being. The greater part of 
 animals have the power of locomotion; some 
 can merely execute partial movements, such as 
 contraction and dilatation. In other respects 
 It IS often a matter of difficulty to determine 
 what is an animal characteristic. The study of 
 animals is called Zoo/'og-y. 
 
 AN'iMAi., (adjective,) Anima'lis. That which 
 concerns, or belongs to, an animal. 
 
 Animal Heat, Calo? anima'iis, C. nati'vzin, 
 Cal'idwm anima'U, C. inna'tum^ Biolybh'nion, 
 Flam'mula vita'lis, Therma em'phytum, Ther- 
 mum em'phytum, Ignis anima'lis seu natura'- 
 hs seu vita'lis, (F.-> Chaleur animaU, is the 
 caloric constantly formed by the body of a 
 living animal, by virtue of which it preserves 
 nearly the same temperature, whatever maybe 
 that of the medium in which it is placed. This 
 formation seems to take place over the whole 
 of the body, and to be connected with the ac- 
 tion of nutrition. 
 
 The folloviring are the natural temperatures of 
 certain animals; that of man being 98"" or lOO". 
 
 Arctic Wolf, r:- 
 
 ■\ 
 
 105 
 
 Squirrel, 
 
 Hare 5. 
 
 Whale '..!'.'.!!!!!!!!.'.' c 'm 
 
 ArctomyB ciUllUB, nJii- in Vumme'r", .'."." .'.■.■.. 103 
 
ANIMALCULA 
 
 55 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 when torpid S'O to 84 
 
 , 103 
 
 103 
 
 'Animals. 
 Do. 
 
 Goat, 
 
 Bat, in summer, 
 
 Musk,.. 
 
 Marraula bobac,— BoJuc, 101 or 102 
 
 HnuBe mouse, lUl 
 
 Arctomysmariiiola, marmot,— in summer,... 101 or 102 
 
 Do. when torpid, 43 
 
 Babbit 100 to 104 
 
 PolarBear 100 
 
 DoSv"' 1 
 
 Cat ,. 
 
 iSwine )■ 100 to 103 
 
 Sheep, -I 
 
 Oj,... J 
 
 Guinea-pig, 100 to 102 
 
 Arctomys glis, ....' '. ^'^ 
 
 Shrew, S8 
 
 Vounf wolf, , 90 
 
 Fringilla arclica, Arctic jinch > 211 
 
 Rubecola, redbreast^ • 5 
 
 FringUia linaria, lesser red poW, 110 or 111 
 
 Faico palumbarius, goshawk,, 1 
 
 Caprimulgus Europa^us, European goat- > 100 
 
 tucker^ ; -i.j 
 
 Emberiza nivalis, anow-bunting, 109 to 110 
 
 FaIco lanarius, lanner, ...,...') 
 
 Fringilla carduelis, goldfineh |. 
 
 Corvus corax, raven, )■ 109 
 
 Tardus, thrush, (of Ceylon ) 1- 
 
 Tetrao perdrix, partridge J 
 
 Anas clypeata.'tfAoveler,.. \ 
 
 Tringa pugnax, ruffe, , j 
 
 Scolopav limo'ea, Cesser ^o^ioie,, < 
 
 Tetrao tetrix.^rou^e 1 ^^ 
 
 Fringilla brumalis, wtnlerjinch, f 
 
 Loxia pyrrhula,*' I 
 
 Fa'co nisua, sparrouAaloft, I 
 
 Vultur barbatus, \ J 
 
 Anser pulc^ieollis, \ 
 
 ColymbuEi auritus, (2iM/rj/^re6e, f ^^ 
 
 Tringa vanellus, lapvtina, (wbunded,). ... i 
 
 Tetrao lagopus, ptarmigan ; 
 
 Fringilla domestica, house sparrow, 107 to 111 
 
 ^rix passerjna, titUeewl,, ) 
 
 Hsmatopus ostralegus, aea-pie, < 
 
 Anas penelope, wu2^eon )■ 106 
 
 Anasstrepera, ^adwa//, ....^ [ 
 
 Pelecanus carbo,.. '.J 
 
 FaIco ossifVagus, sea-eagle, ^ 
 
 Fulica atra, coot > 105 
 
 Anns acuta, pintail-duek,. ...: - > 
 
 FaIco niitvus, kite, (wounded,) i ^q^ 
 
 Merops apiaster, bee-eater, . . . . , ) 
 
 Goose, 
 
 Hen i. 
 
 Dove,.. 
 
 Duck 
 
 Ardeastellaris. 
 
 FaIco albicollia ^ 103 
 
 Pious nrajor, S 
 
 Coasus ligniperda, 69to91 
 
 Shar^, S3 
 
 Torpedo' marinorata, ._ 74 
 
 Animal Kingdom, (F..) Rigne AniTnal, com- 
 prises all Animated beings. 
 
 Animal Magj)etism, see Magnetism, animal. 
 
 ANIMALCU^iA SEMINALIA, Sperma- 
 tozoa — :a. Spermatiea, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ANIMAL'CULEj Animal' cuhim; diminu- 
 tive of animal. A small animal. An animal 
 well seen only by means of the microscope. 
 
 ANIMAL 'CULIST, JIn'imalist. One who 
 attempts to explain different physiological or 
 pathological phenomena by means of animal- 
 cules. 
 
 ANIMALGULUM, Animalcule. 
 
 ANIMALIST, Animalculist. 
 
 ANIMAL 'ITY, Animai'itas. Qualities which 
 distinguish that which is animated. That which 
 constitutes the animal. 
 
 „ ANIMALIZA'TION, JInimalisa'tio. The 
 transformation of the nutritive parts offood 
 into the living substance of the body to be 
 nourished. 
 
 To AN'IMATE, ,3nima're. To unite the 
 
 103 to 107 
 
 ANKYLODONTIA 
 
 livingprinciple with an organized body. The 
 French use it in the sense of,--to excite or ren- 
 der active; as, animer un visicatoire: to excite 
 a blister to suppurate. „ 
 ANIMATIO FCETUS, see Quickening. 
 ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis, £nima'tio, from 
 anima, ' the soul or mind.' The act of ani- 
 mating. The state of being enlivened. 
 
 Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia. 
 
 AN'IME, Gtim an'imi, Amino,' a, Can'camy, 
 Giimmi an'img, Can'camum. A resin obtained 
 from the trunk of Hymenne'a cour'baril. It has 
 been given as a cephalic and uterine. It is not 
 used. The plant is also called Cour'baril. 
 
 .aNIMi, (F.) An epithet applied to the 
 countenance, when florid, in health or disease. 
 
 ANIMELL.S, Parotid. 
 
 ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope— a. 
 Deliquiuta, Syncope— a. Pathemata, Passions. 
 
 AN'IMIST, from an'ima, 'the soul.' One 
 who, foUflwing the example of Stahl, refers all 
 the phenomena of the animal economy to the 
 soul. 
 
 The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate 
 and intelligent agent of every movement, and 
 of every material change in the body. Stahl 
 therefore concluded, that disease was nothing 
 moi:e than a disturbance or disorder in the go- 
 vernment of the economy, or an effort by which 
 the soul, attentive to every morbific cause, en- 
 deavoured to expel whatever might be derang- 
 ing the habitual order of health. 
 
 ANIMUS, Anima, Breath. 
 
 j9JV7iS,'Pimpinella anisnm — a. Aigre, Cumi- 
 num Cyminum — a. de la Chine, lllicium anisa- 
 tnm — a. Doux, Anethum — a. Atoili, lllicium 
 anisatum. 
 
 ANISA'TUM, from j9m>?««, 'Anise.' A sort 
 of medicated wine, formerly prepared with ho- 
 ney, wine of Ascalon, arid aniseed. 
 
 ANISCALPTOR, I^atissimus dorsi. 
 
 ANISE, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, lllici- 
 um anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, 
 lllicium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flow- 
 ered, lllicium anisatum. 
 
 ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 
 ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum. 
 , ANISOS'THENES, Inaqua^li roh'orl pol- 
 lens. That whict is unequal in strength : from 
 «, priv., lo-o;, ' equal,' and aSivac, ' strength.' 
 An epithet applied particularly to the muscu- 
 lar contractility, which, in the sick, is sonle- 
 tiraes augmented in certain muscles only, — in 
 the flexors, for example. 
 
 ANISOT'ACHYS,from«,priv.,i<ros, 'equal,' 
 and Ta/vc, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse, 
 when quick and unequal. — Gorraeus. 
 
 ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum^^a. Africanum 
 frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum 
 galbaniferum, Bubon galbanum — a. Sinense, ll- 
 licium , anisatum — a. Stellatum, lllicium ani- 
 satum. 
 
 ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 ANKUS,Ancu3. 
 
 ANKYLOBLEPH'ARON, Ancylobleph'aron , 
 Palpebra'rum coal'itus, from ayv.vXi, ' contrac- 
 tion,' and j8Aj<f«joi', 'eyelid.' A preternatural 
 union between the free-edges of the eyelids. 
 Likewise called Symbleph'dron, Symblepharo' - 
 sis; and Fros'physis. 
 
 Also, union between the eyelids and globe of 
 the eye. — Aetius. 
 
 ANKYLODON'TI A, from oj-ku^o ;, 'crooked,' 
 
ANKYLOGLOSSIA 
 
 56 
 
 ANNULUS 
 
 and ciivs, 'a tooth.' An irregulai position of 
 the teeth in the jaws. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Mcyloglos^sia, Con- 
 ere'tio lingucB, from ayxuXos, ' crooked,' or 
 ' contracted,' and yXoKrircL, ' the tongue.' Im- 
 peded motion of the tongue in consequeiice of 
 adhesion between its margin? and the gums; or 
 in consequence of the shortness of Hie fraenum; 
 the latter affection constituting' Tongiie-tie, 
 Olopho'nia lin'gusB frana'ta. It mer.ely re- 
 quires the fraenum to be divided with a p^ir of 
 , scissors. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUJVt, from aniylo- 
 glossia, ' tongue-tie,' andTi/ii;, ' incision.' An 
 instrumentused in the operation for tonguertie. 
 ANKYLOME'LE, Micylome'U, from lyy-v- 
 Ui, ' crooked,' and fir,Mi, ' a probe.' A curved 
 probe. — Galen. 
 
 ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Sncylomeris'mus, 
 from ayituii;, 'a contraction,' arid .nsgos, 'a 
 part.' Morbid adhesion between parts. 
 ANKYLOPS, ^gilops. 
 ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'sis, Anchylo'sisj An'- 
 cyU, Stiff Joint, from ayxvMs, ' crooked.' An 
 affection, in which there is great difficulty jor^ 
 even impossibility of moving a diarthrodial ar- 
 ticulation. It is so called, b.ecause the limb 
 commonly remains in a constant state of 
 flexion. Anchylosis is said to be complete or 
 true, when there is an 'intimate adhesion be- 
 tween the synovial surfaces with union of the 
 articular extremities of the- bones. In theitt- 
 complete or false anchylosis, there is obscure 
 motion, but the fibrous parts around the -joint ; 
 are more or less stiff and thickened. In the 
 treatment of this last state, the joint must be 
 geiitly and' gradually exercised ; and oily, re- 
 laxing applications be assiduously employed. 
 Ankylosis Spukia, Rigiditas articulorum. 
 ANKYLOT'OMUS, Ancylot'Qmus, from «y- 
 xxiloc, ' crooked,' and rtfivcir, ' to cut.' Any 
 kind of curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument 
 for dividing the frgnum lipgu£e. — Scultetus. 
 
 JiNNEMU, Rins— a. Crural, Criftal canal 
 — a. Diaphragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring — 
 a. Femoral, Crural canal — a. Inguinal, Ingui- 
 nal ring — a. Ombilioalj Umbilical ring. 
 ANNEXE-, Accessory, Appendix. 
 ANNI CRITICI, Cliraacterici (anni)^a. De- 
 cretorii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Fatales, Cli- 
 macterici (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacterici 
 (anni) — a. Gradarii, Climacterici (ann^)^-a. 
 Hebdomadici, Climacterici (anni) — a. Heroici, 
 Climacterici j(anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici 
 (anm)^a. Scalare^, Climacterici (anni).^a. 
 Scansiles, Climacterici (anni.) 
 
 ANiSrOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under .this 
 term some ha^e included the preludes to an at- 
 tack of intermittent fever — as yawning, stretch- 
 ing, somnolency, chilliness, &c. 
 ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleana. 
 AN'NUAL DISEASES, MorU an'nui, M. 
 anniversdrii, (^ .) Maladies annuelles . A name 
 given, by some, to diseases which recur every 
 year about the same period. Febris annua, 
 (F.) Fiivre annuelle, is a term used for a fan- 
 cied intermittent of this type. 
 
 ANNUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor.. 
 ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, 'to,'!and 
 nutus, ' a nod.' A gesture denoting assent in 
 most countries. Also, the state of somnolency, 
 when the individual is in the erect or sitting 
 posture, with the head unsupported, in which 
 
 the power of volition over the extensor muscles 
 of the head is lost, and the head drops forward. 
 AN'NULAR, Annularis, Cricol'des, {annps, 
 '& circle.') Any thing relating to a ring, or 
 which has the shape or fulfils the functions of 
 a i:ing; from annulus, 'a ring,' itself. 
 
 'Ann.ui.ae, Fingke, P.ing Finger, Dig"itus 
 annularis, Faram'esos. The foux.th Jinger, «o 
 called fromthe wedding-ring being worn thercfpn. 
 Annhlak Gangmon, see Ciliary ligament. ' 
 Annular. Lig'ament, Trmisvers^ ligament, 
 CrWcial ligament, A strong ligamentous band 
 which arches across the area of the ring of the 
 atlas, from a rough, tubercle upon the inner sur- 
 face of one articular process, to a similar tuber- 
 cle on the other. It serves to retain the odon- 
 toid process of the .axis in connexion with the 
 anterior arch of the atlas. 
 
 An'mulae Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a 
 very strong fibro-cartilaginous band", which 
 forms, with the ' lesser sigmoid cavity of the 
 cubitus, a kind of ring in which the head of 
 the radius turns with fiicility. 
 
 An'nulae. Lig'ampnts of the Carpus, At- 
 mil'loe manus m-pmhraszo'see, are two in number. 
 The one, anteiior, is abroad, fibrous, quadrila- 
 teral band, extending transversely , before- tlie 
 carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the 
 wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally, 
 to the trapezium and scaphoides j and intern3.11y 
 to the OS pisiforme.and process of the unciforme. 
 It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me- 
 dian nerve, &c., applied against the carpus. 
 The pbsteriqr ligament is situate transversely 
 behind the joint of the hand,, and covers the 
 sheaths of the tendons, which pass to tl;ie back 
 of the hand. Jts fibres are white, and shining, 
 and are attached, externally, to the'inferior and 
 outer part of the radius ; internally, to the ulna 
 and OS pisiforme. , ' 
 
 An'nulae LiG'AMEHTs or the T aesus are two 
 in pumber. The anterior is quadrilateral, and 
 extends transversply above the instep. It is 
 attached to the superior depression of the' os 
 calcis, and to the malleolus internus. It em- 
 braces the tendons of the extensor muscles of 
 the toes, the tibialis antictcs, and peroneus anti- 
 cus. The internal is broader than the last. It 
 descends from the malleolus internus to the 
 posterior and inner part of the os calcis, with 
 which it forms a kind of canal, enclosing the 
 sheaths of the tendons of the tibialis posticus 
 jlexor longus digitorum pedis, and F, longiis 
 poinds pedis, as well as the plantar vessels and 
 nerves; ! 
 
 Annular Vein^ Ve?i,a annida'ris, is situate 
 hetween the annular finger andthie little finger. 
 Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases 
 of the spleen. 
 
 ' ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus — a. Ani, 
 Sphincter ani. 
 
 ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea— 
 a. Cartilaginosi Trachese, see TraShea: 
 
 ANNULI- TENDINO-PHALANGIENS, 
 Lumbricales mahus. 
 
 ANNULUS, Dactylius,Vulva— a. Abdominis, 
 Inguinal ring— a. Albidus, see Ciliary (body)— 
 a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris, 
 Ciliary ligament — a. Fossae ovalis: see Oyalis 
 ftissa — a. Gangliformis, see 'Ciliary (body) — 
 a. Repens, Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis, 
 Umbilical ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a. 
 Vieussenii, see Ovalis fossa. 
 
ANO 
 
 57 
 
 ANTAGONISM 
 
 ANO, atioi. A prefix denoting ' above, up.' 
 ANOCHI'LUS, from arm, ' aljove,' and;rtiA.os, 
 'lip.' The upper, lip. Alsoj one who has a 
 large upper lip. 
 ANOCOELIA, Stomach. 
 ANO'DIA, from <tr, priv. and ludi), ' song.' 
 An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech. 
 ANODIN, Anodyne. 
 
 ANODfN'IA, from *, «», pirivative, and mdii', 
 ' a lahour pain.' Absence of labour pains. 
 ANOD'MIA, Anosmia. 
 ANODUS, Edentulus. 
 
 AN'ODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'- 
 ynous (improperly,,) P^aregor'icus, Anet'icus, 
 AntcU'gicus, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Arwdin oa Ano- 
 dyn, from a, »r, privative, and oJuvij, 'pain.' 
 Anodynes are those medicines which relieve 
 pain, or cause it to cease ; as opium, belladonna, 
 &c. They act by blunting the sensibility of 
 the brain, so that it does not appreciate the 
 morbid sensation. 
 
 ANODYN'IA, IddoUn'tia. Cassation or ab- 
 sence of pain. Vogel has given this name to a 
 genus of diseases, characterized by a cessation 
 of pain, and the exasperation of other symp- 
 toms; as we see in gangrene. 
 
 ANODYNUM MINERALS, Potassae nitras' 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
 
 AN.CE'A, from a, privative, and vooj, 'liiind.' 
 Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia emd Idiot- 
 ism. 
 ANOMAL, Anomalous. 
 ANOMALES, Anomalous. 
 ANOMA'LIA, from nv, privative, and BuaJof, 
 ' regular.' Abno/mitas^Aliena'tio. Anomaly, 
 irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly means 
 something unusual in the symptoms proper to 
 a disease. 
 Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis;^ 
 ANOMALOTROPHIES, from av priva- 
 tive, o/<a^oc, 'regular,' and Teo<fi;, 'nourish- 
 ment.' A class of diseases, which consist in 
 modifications in the nutrition of organs. — Gen- 
 drin. 
 
 ANOM'ALOUS, Anam'alus, Anom'ales; the 
 same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.) 
 Anomal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano- 
 malous, in whose symptoms or progress there 
 is something unusual. Afifections are also called 
 anomalous, which cannot be referred to any 
 known species. 
 
 ANOMALUS, Irregular. 
 ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus. 
 ANOMOCEPH'ALTJS, from a priv., TOfioc, 
 ' rule,' and zeifax?), ' head.' One whose hfead is 
 deformed. — Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire. . 
 
 ANOM'PHALUS, from«r,priv.,and o^tfaxoc, 
 ' the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many wri- 
 ters have endeavoured to show that Adam and 
 Eve must have been «to;K<paJdi, as, they could 
 not have had umbilical vessels. 
 
 ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the /«- 
 mily AnoneBB or Anonaceae; Sex. Syst. Poly- 
 andria polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet 
 high, native of South America, which bears a 
 delicious fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit.) 
 and flowers emit a fine fragrance, which, when 
 the tree is covered with blossom, is almost 
 overpowering. — Tschudi. 
 ANONIS, Ononis. 
 ANONYME, Innominatum. 
 ANON'YMOUS,' Anon'ymus, ' Innomina'cus, 
 5 
 
 (F.) Anonyme, from av privative, and ovofut, 
 ' name.' That which has no name. 
 
 The word has been applied to many parts of 
 the body : — to the Anonymous bone or Os vn7io~ 
 ininatum: — the Anonymous,- foramen o^ Fora^ 
 men innoTninatUTriy &c. 
 ANOPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'matus, from av 
 privative, and o^^oi/ios, ' an eye.' A monster 
 devoid of eyes. 
 
 ANOPS'IA, from av priv., and o\\i, ' th? eye.' 
 A case of monstrosity in which the eye and 
 ' orbit are wanting. 
 
 ANOPTICONERVIE; Amamosis. 
 ANOR'CHIDES, from av priv., and o?;^is, 
 'a testicle.' They who are without testicles. 
 — Fortunatus Fidelis. 
 
 ANOREX'IA, from av priv., and oQeiig, ' ap- 
 petite.' Inappeten'tia, lamo'sis., expers, (F.) 
 Perte d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without- 
 loathing. Anorexia or want of appetite is 
 symptoniatic of most diseases. Also, Indiges- 
 tion, Dyspepsia (q. v.) ' 
 
 Anorexia Exhausto'rum, Frigidity of the 
 stomach — a. Mirabilis, Fasting. 
 ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic. 
 ANORMAL, Abnormous. 
 ANOS'IA, from a priv.,,and<vooo5, 'disease.' 
 Health. Freedom from disease. 
 
 ANOS'MIA, from a privative, and ouiiti;, 
 'odour.' Loss of sniell. Diminution of , the 
 sense of smell. Called, also, Anosphre'sia, 
 Anosphra'siaj Anophre'sia, Paros'mia, Anod'- 
 m,ia, Anosmo'sia, Olfactus c^is'sio, 0. defic"- 
 iens, DyscEsthe'sia olfacto'riq,, Ancesthe'sia ol~ 
 faoto'ria, Odora'tus deper'ditus, (F.) Perte de 
 VQdorat. .^^ , 
 
 ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia. ^ 
 
 ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmia. 
 ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
 4NSE (F.,) AnsaXh.,) signifies, properly, the 
 handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched 
 form.. By analogy, it has been applied to that 
 which is curved in the form of such handle. 
 Thus, the French speak, of Aiise inlestinale to 
 signify a portion. of intestine, supported by its 
 mesentery, and describing a curved line : — also. 
 of Ause iterveuse, Anse anastomoti^ue, &c. 
 
 Anse de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a 
 thread, curved in the form of an Anse. 
 ANSERINA, Potentilia aoserina. 
 ANS£RIIfE, Chenopodium ambrosioides — 
 a. Anthelmintique, Chenopodium ahthelminti- 
 cum — a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Hen- 
 ricus — a.. Botrys, Chenopodium Botrys — a. 
 Fetide, Chenopodium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, 
 Chenopodjum ahthelminticum. 
 
 ANTA.C"VD'&,Ariti-acids,Antiac"ida,Inver- 
 ten'tia, from tmti, ' against,' and adda, ' acids.' 
 Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach. 
 They are chemical agents, and act by neutral- 
 izing the acid. Those chiefly used are ammo- 
 nia, calcis carbohas, calx, magnesia, magnesije 
 carbonas, potassa, potassas bicarbonas, p. car- 
 bonas, sodae bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They 
 are, of course, only palliatives, removing that 
 i which exists, not preventing the formation of 
 more. 
 
 ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonis'mus, Antis'ta^ 
 sis, from avxi, ' against,? and oymvittiv, ' to act.' 
 Action in an opposite direction. It applies to 
 the action of >muscles which act in a contrary 
 directioji to others. In estimating the force of 
 
ANTAGONIST 
 
 58 
 
 ANTHEMIS COTULA 
 
 the muscles, this antagonism must he attended 
 to. ■ 
 
 ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonis'ta. A muscle 
 whose action produces an effect contrary to that 
 of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta- 
 gonist, because there is no motion in one direc- 
 tion without a capabijity of it in aniother. 
 
 ANTALGICUS, Anodyne. 
 • ANTAPHRODIS'IAC and ANTAPHRO- 
 DIT'IC, ATUa-phrodisiaeus , ^nterot'icus, from 
 dvri, 'against,' afld ayjQoSiaiaxo;, 'aphrodisiac' 
 A substance capable of blunting the venereal 
 appetite. 
 
 ANTAPOD'OSIS, from mranoditioiin, 'I re- 
 turn in exchange;' -The succession arid return 
 of the febrile periods. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic. 
 
 ANTARTHRITIC, Antiarthritic. 
 
 ANTASTHENICUS; Tohic. 
 
 ANTASTHMATICtrS, Antiasthmatic. 
 
 ANT ATROPHIC, Antatroph'ieus, Antat'ro- 
 pkus, Antiatroph'icui, from am, ' against,' and 
 arqoifta, ' aftrophy.' A reinedy opposed to atro- 
 phy ot consumption. j 
 
 ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial. 
 
 ANTECENDEN'TIA. The precursory or 
 warning symptoms of a disease. ' 
 
 ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, ' be- 
 fore,' and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of 
 the lips. 
 
 ANTELOPE, Antilopus. 
 
 ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. 
 
 ANTEM'BASIS, from avrt, and sfiflatvp), ' I 
 enter.' Mn'tnus ingres'sus. The mutual re- 
 ception of bones. — Galen. 
 ' ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic. 
 
 ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTENEAS'MUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 rem, ' audacious.' One furious against himself. 
 Mania, in which the patient attempts his own 
 
 -ANTENNA'RIA DlOI'CA, Gnapka'Hum 
 Dioicnm, JSispid^ula, Pes cati, Elich'rysum, 
 monta'mi/m, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied de cliaf. A 
 common European plant, which has been advised 
 io hemorrhage, diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 ANTEPHIALTIC, Antiephialtic. 
 
 ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic. 
 
 ANTEPONENS, Anticipating. 
 
 ANTEREI'SIS, from ani, 'against,' and 
 sgeifu), ' I support.' The resistance — the soli- 
 dity — of bones.— iHippoctates. 
 
 ANTERIEUR Dir MaRTEATT, Laxator 
 tympani — a. de I'Oreille, Anterior auris. 
 
 ANTE'RIOR, Avti'bUs, ffom tmte, ' before.' 
 Situate before. Gr«at confusion has prevailed 
 with anatomists in the use of the terms before, 
 behind, &C. Generally, the word anterib'^ is 
 applied to parts situate before the median line, 
 the body being in the el'ect posture, with the 
 face and palms of the hands turned forwards; 
 and the feet applied longitudinally together. 
 
 Ante'rioe Atf'Ris (Muscle,') Auriinla'Hs an- 
 te'rior, Ai'trakens auHc'ulaM, (F.) AilrieUlMri 
 anterieuT, Anterieur de I'oreille, Zygoinato-ori- 
 culaire. A small muscle, passing from the pes'- 
 terior part of the zygoma to the helix. Use. To 
 draw the ear forwards and upwards/ • 
 
 Anteeioe Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
 
 ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac. 
 
 A N t E U P HOB B I U M, Cacalia anteuphor- 
 bium. 
 
 A'!:^T'EyER'SlO'N,'Antever'sio,Antrover'sio, 
 from ante, 'before,' and vertere^ verstim, 'to 
 turn.' Displacement of the uterus, in which 
 the fundus is turned towards the pubes, whilst 
 its orifice is towards the pacrum. It may be 
 caused by extraordinary size of the pelvis, pres- 
 sure of the viscera on the uterus, &c.; ^nd is 
 recognised by examination per vaginam. See 
 Retroversio uteri. 
 
 ANTHjEMOPT YICUS, Antihamoptyieus, 
 from avTt, 'against,' and hcemoptysisj ' spitting 
 of blood.' Against spitting of blood.^ A remedy 
 for spitting of blood — antihamoptyicum (reme- 
 di«m.) 
 
 'ANTH^MORRHAGICUS, Antihemotrhi- 
 gic. 
 
 ANTHECTICUS, Antihectic. 
 
 ANTHELITRAGUS, (F.) Anthelitragim. 
 One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of 
 the ear. 
 
 ANT'HELIX, Anti-helix, from opn, ' before,' 
 and 'tJiif, ' the helix.'' An eminence on the car- 
 tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex- 
 tending from the concha to the groove of the 
 helix, Where it bifurcates. 
 
 ANTHELMlN'TIC, Antihelmin'ticus, Anti- 
 scol'icus,AnthelniinHhicu3,Antiseolet'icus,Md~ 
 min'thiciiSyl^elTiiinthago'gus, AntiverminQ*sus, 
 V'ertmfugv.s, Yer'mifuge, from ai-rt, 'against,' 
 and 'ei^it'f, 'a worm.' A remedy which de- 
 stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for- 
 mation and development. The chief anthel- 
 mintics are, the Chenopodium, Mucu'na, Oleum 
 animale Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthinae, Sodii 
 Chloridum, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See 
 Worms. . . 
 
 ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem. 
 
 AN'THEMIS COT'ULA, from orflto., '1 
 flower.' Cot'ula, C. fa'tida, Cota, Cynan'the- 
 jrds, Ckamia'me'lu'm ffB'tidwm, An'themis JVoutf- 
 boraceWsis, "pheemomil'la spu'ria, Mayflower^ 
 Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild Cham- 
 omile, Dog's fenrvel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field- 
 weed, Pissweed. Nat. Ord. Compositae Coryjn- 
 bifeiEB. Sea;. Sys«.. Syngenesia Superflua.. (F.) 
 Maroute, CaTnoTnille fktide, Ca/momille pnantt. 
 This plant has a very disagreeable smell : and 
 the leaves have a strong, acrid, bitterish taste. 
 It is reputed to have been useful in hysterical 
 affectionsi 
 
 An'themis No'eilis, Cham^me'lvm, Chamt- 
 mce'lum No'bil?, ChamomiVla Roma'nai Euan'- 
 them^n, An'themis, Cha'TnceTne'lnrri edora'tittn, 
 Leucan'themnm, Matricaria, (F.) Oamomillr 
 Romaine. The leaves and flovpers. — A7ithemis, 
 Ph. U. S. — have a strong smell, and bitter, 
 nauseous taste. The flowers are chiefly used. 
 They possess tonic and stomachic properties, 
 and are much given as a pleasant and cheap 
 bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce, 
 or to assist vomiting. Externally, they are 
 often used in fomentations. 
 
 The O'leiiM Anthein'idis possesses the aro- 
 matic properties of the plant, bilt not the bitter 
 and tonic. Consequently, the ' CkafkoWiU 
 Drops,' as sold by the draggists, iriust be devoid 
 of the latter qualities. They are made by add- 
 ing 01. anthelti. f. _^j. to Sp. vini recti/. Oj. 
 
 Anthemis NovEBoEACENSis, A. Cfttula. 
 
 An'themis Py'retheum, Py'rethfutn, Ana- 
 cyc'lus pyrethrnm, FyrethTiM vcrvm, Bnph- 
 thal'mum Cre'tieWm, Denta'ria,Herba saliva' ris, 
 Pes Alexandn'ntis, Spanish Chamomile, Ptlli- 
 
ANTHERA 
 
 59 
 
 ANTHROPOMETRY 
 
 tofy of Spain, (F.) Pyrlthri, Racine salivaire, 
 Pied d' Alexandre. The root is hot and acrid, 
 its acrimony residing in a resinous principle. 
 It is never used except as a masticatory in 
 toothache, rheumatism of the fkce, paralysis of 
 the tongue, &c. It acts as a powerful sialo- 
 gogue. 
 
 The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is 
 said to he derived from Anacye'lus offieina'rum ; 
 a plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal 
 purposes. 
 
 An'themis, Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herba, 
 Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a 
 bitter and astringent taste, and has been regarded 
 stomachic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille des 
 Teinturiers, dfit de Bamf, 
 
 ANTHE'RA, from avdi/jo;, « florid,' so called 
 from its florid colour. A remedy compounded 
 of several substances, myrrJi, sandaiaC, alum, 
 safl[ron, &c. It was used under the form of 
 liniment, coUyrium, electuary, and powder. — 
 Celsus, Galen. 
 
 ANTHEREON, Mentum. 
 
 ANTHORA, Aconitum anthora — a.Vulgaris, 
 Aconituna anthora. 
 
 ANTHORIS'MA, from am, 'against,' and 
 opiO|Uo, 'boundary.' Tumor diffu'sus. A tu- 
 mor without any defined margin. 
 
 ANTHOS: see >Ro3marinus — a. Sylvestris, 
 Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 ANTHRA'CIA, from av»qal, ' coal.' Car- 
 hun'cular Ezan'them. An eruption of tumours, 
 imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges, 
 and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core. 
 A genus in the order Exanthemutica, class 
 HtBmatica of Grood, and including Plague and 
 Yaws. 
 
 Antheacia, Anthracosis — a. Pestis, Plague 
 -^a. Rubula, Frambcesia. ' 
 
 ANTHRACION, see Anthrax. 
 
 AN'THRACOID, Anthraco'des,{rom av^^a?, 
 ' coal,' and tiSoc, ' resemblance.' (F.) Charbon- 
 neux. As black as coal. Accortipanied by, or 
 resembling anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus. 
 
 ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax. 
 
 ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Carbo Palpe- 
 bra'rum, fronj arSoai, 'a coal.'' A species of 
 cwbuncie, which attacks the eyelids and globe 
 of the eye.^Paulus of ^gina. Also, a car- 
 buncle of any kind. It has been used recently 
 for the " black lung of coal miners," which is 
 induced by carbonaceous ac'cnmulation in the 
 lungs. When ulceration results from this cause, 
 iiaei phthisis, (F.) Phthisie avec Melanose, 
 exists. See Mdanosis. 
 
 Anthracosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis. - 
 
 ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague. 
 
 ANTHRAKOK'ALI, from a^fljaS, 'coal,' 
 and ^a/i, 'potassa.' An article introduced as 
 i*- remedy in cutaneous diseases. It is formed 
 by dissolving carbonate of potassa in 10 or 12 
 parts of boiling watej, and adding as much 
 slacked lime as will separate the potassa. The 
 filtered liquor is placed on the flre in an iron 
 vessel, and suflfercd to evaporate, until neither 
 froth nor effervescence occurs, and the liquid 
 presents a smooth surface like oil. To this, 
 levigated coal is added in the proportion of 160 
 grammes to 192 grammes of potassa. The mix- 
 ture is stirred, and removed from the fire, and 
 
 the stirring is continued, until a black homoge- 
 neous powder results,, A sulphuretted anthro- 
 hokati is made by mixing accurately 16 grammes 
 of sulphur with the coal, and "dissolving the 
 mixture in the^otassa as directed above. The 
 dose of the simple and sulphuretted "preparations 
 is about two grains three times a day. 
 
 ANTHRAX, avflgaS, ' a coal,' An'trax, Carbo, 
 Rubi'nus verus, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrt- 
 no'sum, Grantris'tum, Pruna, Per'sicus Ignis, 
 Pyra, Granatris't-wm, Phyma anthrax, Erythe'- 
 ma anthrax, Carbun'culus, Anthroco'sia,' An- 
 throco'ma, Absees'sus gangranes'cens, A. gam- 
 grceno'sus, Furun'eulus malig'nus, F. gangra- 
 no'sus. Carbuncle, (F.) Charbon. An inflamma- 
 tion, essentially gangrenous, of the cellular 
 membrane and skin, which may arise from an 
 internal or external cause. In the latter case 
 it is called, Anthra'eion, Vesic'ula gangranes'- 
 cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, Pustule maligne ; Sou- 
 ton d'Alep, Feu Persique {Persian Firi), Mai- 
 vat, Bouton malin. Puce maligne, and is cha- 
 racterized at the outset by a vesication or bleb 
 filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under which 
 a small induration, is formed, surrounded by an 
 areolar inflammation, which,, becomes gangre- 
 nous. It has been thought by some to be in- 
 duced altogether by contact with the matter of 
 the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuviae of 
 bodies of suph as had died of the disease. But 
 it is now known to arise primarily in the human 
 subject. 
 
 Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treat- 
 ment is similar to that which is required in 
 cases of gangrene attacking a part. 
 
 Anthrax Pulmonum, Necropneumonia. 
 - ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIITM, Scandix 
 cerefolium. 
 
 ANTHROPE, Cutis. 
 
 ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA,) from 
 ityigianoi, 'man,' and larpo;, 'a physician.' Me- 
 dicine applied to man in contradistinction to 
 animals. 
 
 ANTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human.) 
 
 ANTHROPOCHYMY, Chymistry (human.) 
 
 ANTHROPOGEN'I A, Anthropagen'esis, An- 
 lhropog"eny, from av^gioreo?, 'man,' and ytveaiq, 
 'generation.' The knowledge, or study, or 
 phenomena of human generation. 
 
 ANTHROPOG'RAPHY, Anthropograph'ia, 
 from avi^oinog,' man,' and ypaiiiii;,' a description.' 
 Anthropology (q. v.) A description of th« 
 human body. 
 
 ANTHROPpL'ITHI7S,from«i.«gi,OT<ic,'man,' 
 and lidoc, 'a stone.' The petrifaction of the 
 human body or of any of its parts. Morbid 
 concretions in the human body, 
 
 ANTHROPOL'OGY, Anthropolog"ia, from 
 aa9^mnoi:, ' man,' and ioyoc, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on man. By some, this word is used 
 for the science of the structure and functions of 
 the human body. Frequently, it is employed 
 synonymously with Natiiral History axii Phy- 
 siology of man, 
 
 ANTHROPOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, 
 animal. 
 
 ANTHROPOMANC Y; AnthropomanH'o, 
 from nv^gmTfiy 'a man,' and /uavrtitt, 'divina- 
 tion.' Divination by inspecting the entrails of 
 a dead man. 
 
 ANTHROPOM'ETRY, from avd^aji^f, 'a 
 man/ and fit-i^or, 'measure.' Measurement 
 
ANTHROPOMORPHUS 
 
 60 
 
 ANTIEMETIC 
 
 of tlie dimensions of the different parts of the 
 human body. , 
 
 ANTHROPOMORI'HUS, Atropa mandra- 
 gora. 
 
 ANTHROPOPH'AGUS,(r.)^re«Aro;)oi)Aag-e, 
 from av^gaB-or, '\a man,' and <faya, ' il 'eat.' A 
 name given to one who eats his own species. 
 
 ANTHROPOPH'AGY, ^wtAro^oyAa'^oi, 
 same etjoncin. The custom of eating human 
 flesh. A disease in which there is great desire 
 to eat it. 
 
 ANTHROPOS, Homo* 
 
 ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 ANTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia. 
 
 ANTHtrs; Flos. 
 
 ANTHYPNOT'IC, Anthypnot'icus, Antikyp- 
 fwi'ie, fiord «vti, ' against,' and 'vTitctTixo!, ' stu- 
 pefying.' A remedy for stupor. 
 
 ANTHYPOCHON'tiRIAC, Anthypochon- 
 dri'aeus, from «vti, ' against,' and 'v-roxotS^ia- 
 xo;, ' hypochondriac' A remedy for hypo- 
 chondriasis. 
 
 AN'j:'H.YS,T:'E.'B.1C,Antihyster'ic,Antihyster'- 
 icus, from «»ti, .' against,' and 'vir-rsqa., ' the ute- 
 rus.' A remedy for hysteria. 
 
 ANTI, avT/, as a prefix, in composition, gene- 
 rally means ' opposition.' 
 
 ANTIADES, Tonsils. 
 
 ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris; ' 
 
 ANTIADON'CUS, from avTiada, 'the ton- 
 sils,' and oj/aoc, '.tumour.' A swelling of the 
 tonsils.^Swediaur. Anti'ager has a similar 
 meaning. 
 
 Antiadqncus Inflammatoeius, Cynanche 
 tonsillaris. • 
 
 A N T 1 4P P L EC'TIC, AntiapopUo'tieus, 
 Antapoplec'ticusj Apoplec'ticus , from ai'T/, 
 'against,' and a.jr!irrt,i,\iit, 'apoplexy.' A re- 
 medy for apoplexy. . 
 
 ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas. 
 
 ANTIAR-THRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar- 
 tkrit'iciis, Antipodag'ric, from «»t/, ' against,' 
 and a.Q&Qm!, 'the gout^' (F.) AntigAjutUux. A 
 remedy for gout. ' , ' 
 
 ANTIASTHEN'IC, ' AntiasthenHcus, from 
 a,im, ' against,' and Ui^BtHiit, ' debility,' A re- 
 medy for debility. / t i 
 
 ANTI ASTHMAT'IC, Antiasthmat'icus, An- 
 tasthmat'icus, flora avri, 'against,' and.«o»|Ka, 
 ' asthma.' A remedy for asthma. 
 
 ANTIATROPHIGUS, Antatrophic. 
 
 ANTIBALLOMENUM, SucCedaneum. 
 
 ANTIBDELLA, Aptlia sanguisuga. 
 
 ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Ahtihrachia-iis. That 
 which concerns the fore arm. Bichat. J. Clo- 
 quet suggest-B that the word should be written 
 antebrachial, from atite, '-before,' and brachium, 
 ' the arm :' — as tmtebrachial region, antebrachial 
 aponeurosis, &c. 
 
 Antebra'chial Aponeweo'sis, (F.) Aponsv- 
 roie antebraehiale, is a portion of the aponeu- 
 rotic sheath which envelops the whole of the 
 upper limb. It aiises from the brachial aponeu- 
 rosis, from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of 
 the biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epi- 
 trochlea, and, behind, from the tendon of the 
 triceps brachialis. Within, it is inserted into 
 the cubitus, &c.; and, below, is confounded 
 with the two annular ligaments of the carpus. 
 It is covered by the skin, by veins, lymphatics, 
 and by filaments of superficial nerves; it covers 
 the muscles of the fore-arm, adheres to them, 
 
 and sends bet-nreen them several fibrous septa, 
 whieh serve them for points of insertion. 
 
 ANTIBRACHIUM, Forearm. . i 
 
 ANTIBRO'MIC, Antibrd'micus, from otti^ 
 ' against,' and ftm.wot, ' fffitor.' An agent that 
 destroys offensive^ odours — as . the chloride of 
 zinc, simjile sulphate of alumina, ^c. 
 
 ANTIC AC HEC'-TIC, Anticachec'ticus, Antt- 
 cacochym'ic, from kvti, ' against,' and xaxs^vi, 
 ' cachexy.' A remedy against cachexy, 
 
 ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic. 
 
 ANTICAN'CEROUS, AnticaT^cero'sus, An- 
 ticancro'suSjAnticarcino'm/atouSjAntiscir'rhous, 
 from, airi, 'against,' and xaQxivmfia, 'ca?icerj' 
 carcinoma. Opposed to cancer. 
 
 ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous. 
 
 ANTICARCINOMATOUS, Anticancerpus. 
 
 ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du Dmur, Scrobi- 
 culus cordis. 
 
 ANTIC AT AR'RHAL, Antieatarrha'lis, An- 
 ticatarrhoieus , from a,vT/, 'aga^st,' and Karst^goff', 
 'catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh. 
 
 ANTIC AUSOD'IC, , Anti'causot'ie, Anticau- 
 soii'i<^i, from nvri, 'against,' and xdvaog, 'a. 
 burning fever.'- A remedy for causus or in- 
 flammatory fever. 
 
 ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic. 
 
 ANTICHEiR, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 
 ANTICHCERADJCUS, Antiscrofulous.. 
 
 AWTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla. 
 ' ANTIC'IPATliSfG,. Antic'-'ipans, Antepo'- 
 nens, Frolept'icus. A periodical phenomenon 
 recurring at progressively shorter intervals. . 
 An anticipating itvtermittent '\t ~one in which 
 the intervals between the paroxysms . become 
 progressively less. ' - 
 
 ANTICNEMIUM, Shin. 
 
 ANTIC(EUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 ANTICOL'IC, Anticol'iciis, ifora a«T£, 
 'against,' and koiJikos, 'the colic' That which 
 is opposed to colic, 
 
 ANTiqOMMA, Contre-coup.~ 
 
 ANTICOPE, Contre-coup. 
 
 ATJfTICRUSIS, Contre-coup. 
 
 ANTICRUSMA, Contxe-coup. 
 
 ANTICUS, Anterior. 
 
 ^iVT/D^BTiJ.BUX, Antiherpetic. 
 
 ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
 
 ANTIDIARRHCE'IC, Antidiarrha'icus. A 
 remedy for diarrhcea. Opposed to diarrhoea. 
 
 ANTID'INIC, Antidin'ieiis, Din'icus, from 
 «vt;, 'against,' an^ iivog, 'vertigo.' Opposed 
 to vertigo. 
 
 Ali^'TlViOT AXijAntidotd'lis, same etymon as 
 antidote (q. v.) Relating to an antidote; pos- 
 sessed of the powers of an antidote. 
 
 ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from ^tridorof, 'an-an- 
 tidote.' A dispensatory (q. v.) A pharmaco- 
 poeia or formulary. 
 
 AN'TIDOTE,.4mto'i:i'oiMm,from«»T;, 'against,' 
 and diSaifii, ' I give.' Originally this word sigr 
 nified an internal remedy. It is ndw used sy- 
 nonymously with cotcnter-poison, Antiphar'ma- 
 cum, and signifies )any remedy capable of com- 
 bating the effect of poisons. ' - • 
 
 ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphai- 
 macos— a. Mithridatium, Mithridate, 
 
 ANTIDYNAMICA, DebilitantS. 
 
 ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne.' 
 
 ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidys-enter'icus, 
 frbmavTi, 'against,' ivt, ' with difficulty,' and 
 6»Teg3v, ' intestine.' .Opposed to dysentery. 
 
 ANTIEMET'IC, Arueinet'ic,^ Antiemet'icm, 
 
ANTIEPHIALTIC 
 
 61 
 
 ANTIMaNII (BUTYRUM) 
 
 from «»«, ' against,' and tfttT(*«t, * emetic' A 
 remedy fqr vomiting. 
 
 ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEEHIAL'TIC; 
 Antiepkial'ticus, from a-vri, ' against,' and i<fi- 
 »1lti!, ' nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare. 
 
 ANTIEPItEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
 Antiepilep'ticus,iioia ttyti, 'against,' and cni- 
 Xj;ip(« , ' epilepsy.? A remedy for epilepsy. 
 
 ANTIPEBRILIS, Febrifuge. 
 
 ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'tUus, Anii- 
 lae'teus, from a^Ti, 'against,' and yaJa, 'milk.' 
 (F.) Antilaiteux. Opposed to the secretion of 
 milk, or to diseases caused by the milk. 
 
 ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, 
 Black opllyrium of ■ Anti'g'onus. It was com- 
 posed of cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, 
 gum Arabic, and water. 
 
 ANTIGUA, see Wesl Indies. 
 
 ANTIH^MOPTYICUS, Anthaemoptyicus. 
 
 AlfftlSEC'TlCjAntithec'ticuSjAnthee'ticus, 
 from am, 'against,' and 'e£is, 'habit of body.' 
 The Antihec'ticum Pote'rii is the white oxyd 
 of antimony; also called Siaphdret'isum Jo- 
 via'lB. 
 
 ANTIHELIX, Anthelix. 
 
 ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANTlB.EMO^B.'HAG"lC,Antihamorrhag"- 
 icus, Antkcsmorrhag^'ic-us ; from avri, 'against,' 
 and 'ai/Ktggoyia, 'hemorrhage.' That which is 
 algainst hemorrhage; an antihemorrhagic re- 
 medy. 
 
 ANTIHEMORRHOID'AL, Antihamorrkoi- 
 da'lia, from avxi, ' against,' and 'ai^o^joiJes,' he- 
 morrhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids. 
 
 ■-ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiherpet'icus, from 
 am, 'against,' and 'sqnsg, 'herpes.' (F.) An- 
 tidartreux. A remedy for herpes. 
 
 ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, Antihydrophoh'i- 
 cus, Antylis'sus, Alys'sus, from avxi, 'agziinst,' 
 't;iiu{, 'water,' and <po|S»s, 'dread.' A temedy 
 for hydrophobia. 
 
 ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antikydrop'icus, Hy- 
 drop'icus, from am, 'against,' and 'aiijiyj, 
 ' dropsy.' A remedy for dropsy. 
 
 ANTIHTPNOTIC, Anthypnotic. 
 
 ANTIHYSTERIC, Antihysteric. • 
 
 ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti^cter'itus, leter'iaus, 
 from ovTi, 'against,' and ixxt^og, 'jaundice,' A 
 remedy for jaundice. 
 
 ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see 
 Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
 
 ANTILABIUM, Prolabium. 
 
 ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic. 
 
 ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic. 
 
 ANTILEP'SIS, Appreken'sio, from ovrrJa^- 
 jSaiai, 'I take hold of.' The mode Of attaching 
 a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon 
 the sound parts.-r-Hippocrates.' The mode of 
 securing bandages, &c., from slipping. Treat- 
 ment by revulsion or derivation, (q. v.) 
 
 ANTILETHAR'GIC, AnHlethar'gicus, from 
 mxi, 'against,' and Jijej^yixo^, 'affected with 
 lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy. 
 
 ANTILITH'ICS, AntUith'ica, from avn, 
 'against,' and kiSog, 'a stone.' A substance 
 that prevents the formation of calculi in the 
 lirinary organs. 
 
 The chief intillthics^according a:s the calculi 
 are lithic acid or phosphatic— are alkalies or 
 acids ; with reyellents, especially 6hange of air ; 
 tonics, as the diosma crenata, (?) ^nd uva 
 ursi. (?) 
 
 ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 
 celebrated French medicinal spring, near 
 Mfeaux, in France. The waters have not been 
 analyzed; but astonishing and chimerical ef- 
 fects have been ascribed to them. 
 
 ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus. 
 
 ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, Antila'rmc, 
 AntipestiUntiu'lis, from avTi, 'against,' and 
 Aoi^oc, 'the plague.' A remedy for the plague. 
 
 ANTIL'OPUS.. TheAn'telope. (¥.)GazeUe. 
 An African animal, whose hoofs and horns were 
 formerly given ih hysteric and epileptic, cases. 
 
 ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
 
 ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, Antimelamahol'i- 
 cms, from am, 'against,' and /UBJayo^qiia, 'me- 
 lancholy.' A remedy for melancholy. 
 
 ANTIMEPHITIC, Antirmphit'icus, from 
 0.1X1, 'against,' and mephitic (q. v.) A remedy 
 against mephitic or deleterious gases. 
 
 ANTIMOINE, Antimonium— a. Beurre d', 
 Antimonium muri&tum — a. Chlorure d', Anti- 
 monium muriatum— a. Oxide d', Algaioth — a. 
 Oxide blanc d', Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. 
 ~Soufre dore d'', Antimonii sulpfiuretum praeci- 
 pitatum:— a. Sulfure d', Antimonium — a. Sul- 
 fure hydrosulphure rouge d\, Antimonii sulphu- 
 retum riibrum — a. Verre d', Antimonii vitrum. 
 
 ANTIMOIVIAL, Antim&nia'lis, StiUa'lis, 
 from antimoniiim, 'antimony.' A composition 
 into which antimony enters. A preparation of 
 antimony. 
 
 Antimo'nial Powdee, Pmlv'is antimonia'lis, 
 Ox'idum antimo'nii cwmphos^phati colds, Phos- 
 phas calcis stibia^Ucs, P. Cal'dciim stihia'tum, 
 Pulvis Ja/me'sii, Pulvis stihid'tus, Pulvis de 
 phos'phatS calcis.et stibHi cotnpos'wi^s, Factitious 
 James's Powder, Sohwanbeeg's Fever Powder, 
 Chbnevix's Antimonial Powder'^^F.) Poudre 
 antvmoniale composee ou de James. A peroxide 
 of antimony combined with phosphate of lime. 
 ( Take of co-rmnon sulphuret of antimony, ffij ; 
 hartshorn shamings, ffiij. Roast in an iron pot, 
 until they form a gray powder. Put this into 
 a loiig pot, with a small hole in the cover. 
 Keep it in a red heat for two hours, and grind 
 to a fine powder.) This preparation has Ixjng 
 been esteemed as a febrifuge: but it is extremely 
 uncertain in its action. The ordinary dose is 6 
 or 8 grains. 
 
 ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum. 
 
 ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum prscipitatum— a. Tartar, Antiiuo- 
 nium tartarizatum. 
 
 ANTIMONII (BUTYRUM,) Antimonium 
 muriatum-^a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum 
 — a. Cerussa, Antimonium diapHoreticum-^a. 
 et Potassae tartras, (Ph. U. S.) Antiiponium tar- 
 tarizatum — a. Murias, Antimonium muriatum — 
 a. Oleum, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oxydulnm 
 hydrosulphnratum aurantiacum, Antimonii sul- 
 phuretum praecipitatum — a. Oxydum, Algaroth 
 — a. Oxydum auratum, Antimonii sulphuratum 
 prascipitatum — a. Oxidum nitro-muriaticum, Al- 
 garoth — a. Oxydum cum sulphure vitrifactum, 
 Antimonii vitrum — a. Oxydum sulphuretum vi- 
 trifactum, Antimonii vitrum — a. Oxysulphure- 
 tum, A. sulphuretum praecipitatum — a.Potassio- 
 tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Regulus 
 medicinalis, Antimonium medicinale — a. Sal, 
 Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Sulphur auratum, 
 Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum — a. Sul- 
 phur praecipitatum, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
 cipitatum — a. Sulphuretum, Antimonium — a. 
 
ANTIMONIOUS ACID 
 
 63 
 
 ANTIMONIUM 
 
 Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Tartras 
 et Potassae, Antimonium tartarizatmn — a. Vi- 
 trum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrura. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphtee'tdm Pbecipita'tvm; 
 SulfhuV aTttimonia'tiimyHydros'iiliphun'.tum sti- 
 bio'sum cum, sitVphuri, Oxo'des 'stib'ii sulphura'- 
 tum, Oxyd'ulum antiTuw'nii hydrosulphura'tum 
 auranti' acum^ Ox'ydum, aura'tum antimo'nii, 
 Sulphure'tuTJi stib'ii oxydVfia'ti, Hydro-sulfU' 
 re'tv/m lu'teum- ox'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sulphv-r 
 anti-mo'nii preBcipita'tum, Sulphur aura'ttt/m an~ 
 timo'nii. Golden Sulphur of Antimony. 
 
 Anti'mo'nii Sulphure'tuTn Prescipitatum, A. 
 Oxysulphuretum,(Y.)Soufredored'Antimdine) 
 of the London Phalrmacopoeia, is nearly the same 
 as the old Kermes Mineral. It is a powder of 
 an orange colour, of a metallic, styptic taste. 
 It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, accord- 
 ing to the dose ; and has' been chiefly lised in 
 chronic rheumatism, and in cutaneous affections. 
 Dose, gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Antimonii SulphuretuTti'PrcecipitatuTn of the 
 United States Pharmacopoeia, (1842,) is made 
 by boiling together Sidphuret of Antimony, in- 
 fine powder. Solution of Potassa, and di'stilled 
 water; straining the liquor while hot, and drop- 
 ping into it DUugdiSulphiirie Acid so long as 
 it produces a precipitate. 
 
 Antimo'nii Sulphuee'tum Rubrtjm, Red 
 Sul'phuret of An'timony, Hydrosulfure'tum 
 stib'ii rubrUTn, Sub-hydrosul'fas stib'ii, Sydro- 
 snlphure'tum nibrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulvis 
 Carthusiano'rum, Kermes mineral, (F.) JSy- 
 drosulfure rouge d'Antimoine sulfuri, Yermil- 
 Ion de Provence. Properties the same as the 
 last. Dose, gr. j. to gr. iv. 
 
 Antimo'nii Viteum, Glass of Antimom/, An- 
 tivw'nii ox'ydum sulphure'tum vitrifac'tum, 
 Oa^ydwm stib'ii semivit'reum,, AntiTno'nium 
 vitrifac'tum, Ox'idum antimo'nii cwm siiX'phure 
 vitrifac'tv/m, Yitrum, stib'ii', Antimo'nii vitrv/m 
 hyacin'thintt^m, Oxyd'ulzcm stib'ii . vitrea'tii/m, 
 (F.) Verre d'Anlim^oine. (Formed by roasting 
 powdered common antimony in a shallow ves- 
 sel, over a gentle fire, till it is of a whitish 
 gray eolour, and emits no fumes in a red heat; 
 then melting it, on a quick fire, into a clean, 
 brownish-red glass.) It has been used for pre- 
 paring the tartarized antimony and antimonial 
 wine. - , ' 
 
 ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium dia- 
 phoreticum. 
 
 ANTIMO'NIUM, from ami, 'against,' and 
 ^ovos, 'alone;' i.e. not found alone: or accord- 
 ing to others, from am, 'against,' and moine, 
 ' a monk ;' because, it is asserted, certain monks 
 suffered much from it. Stibi, Stib'ium, Reg'w 
 lit-s Antimo'nii, Win^era'lium,, Gyni:Bce'u7n,Mag' 
 ihe'sia Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'hea, Platyoph- 
 thal'mon, Stim'mi, Aurum. lepro' sum, Antimo'^ 
 pium crudum, Antijno'7iii sulphure'tum, Sul~ 
 phttre'tUTn stib'ii nigrum, Oommon Antim.ony, 
 Sulphuret of Antimony, (F.) Antimoine, Sul- 
 fiire d'Antimoine. Sulphujret of antimony is 
 the ore from which all the preparations of anti- 
 mony are formed. In Pharmacy, it is the na- 
 tive sesquisulphuret of antimony, purified by 
 fusion. When prepared for medical use, by 
 trituration and levigation, it foanns a powder of 
 a black, or bluish gray colour, which is insolu- 
 ble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative, 
 . and has beeij used in chronic rheumatism, cuta- 
 neous diseases, &c. 
 
 Antimonium CaIiCihatumj, Antimonium dia- 
 phoreticum. , 
 
 Antimo'nitjm Diaphoket'Jccm, Diaphorerie 
 Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral Se^'- 
 oard, Antimo'nium, Calcinialtv,m, Mineral Dia- 
 phoret'ic, Matiire perlee de keekeins, Per- 
 oxide of Antimony, Cain Antimo'nii, Antvmo'- 
 nium diaphorellicwn lotum, Cerus's a Antimo'- 
 nii, Calx Antimo'nii elo'ta, Oxo'des stib'ii 
 album, Ox'idum stibio' sum^ Deutoxide of An'ti- 
 mony, Ox'idum stib'ii album m^edian'tl nitro 
 canfeetum, (F.) Oxide blanc d'Antimoine pre- 
 pare par le moyen du mitre. {CoTrmwn anti- 
 mony, %]; purified' nitre, Mil}. — Throw it by 
 spoonfuls into a red hot crucible ; powder and 
 wash. The flowers that stick td the side of 
 the crucible must be carefully separated, other- 
 wise they render it emetic.) Dose, gr. xto 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Antimonium Emeticum, A.tartarizatum. 
 
 Antimo'NiIum MEDiciNA'Li, Rcg'ului Anti- 
 mo'nii Medicina'lis, MfdiHnal Reg'ulus of 
 Antimony. {Antimon. sulphur. §v. Potass, 
 subcarb. gi. Sodii chlorid. §iv. Powder, mix, 
 and melt. When cold, separate the suorise at 
 top, powder the mass, and wash it well.) It 
 is conceited to be more active than common 
 antimony. 
 
 Antimo'nium Mueia'tum, Antimo'nii Jfo'- 
 rias, IChlor'uret of An'timony, Chlorure' twn 
 stib'ii. Spy/ma trium drdco'nwm,, Deuto-murias 
 stib'ii sublim,a'tus, J^utter of Aiitimoiiy, Mu- 
 riate of Antimony, C/iloride of Antimony, Bu- 
 ty'runi Antimo'nii, O'leum Antim,o'nii,- Suty'-, 
 rum stib'ii, Caus'ticum antiTHonia! li ; Antimo- 
 nium sali'tum, (F.) Chlorure d'Antimoine, 
 BeUrre.d' Antimoine. (Common antimony and 
 corrosive sublimate, of each equal parts : grind 
 together, and distil in a wide-necked retort, and 
 let the butyraceous mafter that comes over, 
 run, in a moist place, to a liquid oil.) A caustic, 
 but not much used as such. Sometimes taken 
 as poison. 
 
 Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium murM.- 
 tum. 
 
 Antimo'nium Tartakiza'tum, Tartris Anti- 
 mo'nii, Tartar Antimonia'tum, Sal Antimo'nii, 
 Tartras Potas'sce stibio'sus sen stibia'lis^ Tar- 
 tris lixiv'icB stihia'tus, Deuto-tartras potas'sa 
 et stib'ii, Tar'tarus emet'icus, Tar'tarum, emst'- ■ 
 icv/m, Tartras antimo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii 
 et PotasstB, Antimo'nii et Potasses Tartras 
 (Ph. U. S.), Antimo'nii potas'sio-tartras, Anti- 
 mo'nium emet'icwm,Tar'taHzed An'timony , Tar' 
 trate of An'tim.ony and potas'sa, Potassio-tar- 
 irate of Antimony, Emetic Tartar, Tartar 
 Emetic, (F.) Tartre stibie, Tartre Emetigm, 
 £mietique; in some parts of the United States, 
 vulgarly and improperly called Tartar: (Made 
 by digesting sulphuret of antimony in a mix- 
 ture of nitric and muriatic aeids with the aid of 
 heat; filtering the liquor, and pouring it into 
 water: freeing the precipitate from acid, by 
 washing and drying it; adding this powder to 
 bitartrate of potassa in boiling distilled tvg,ter; 
 boiling for an hour, and after filtering the liquor 
 while hot setting it aside to crystallize.— ;Ph. 
 U. S.) Tartarized antimony is emetic, some- 
 times cathartic and diaphoretic. Externally, it 
 is rubefacient. Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to 
 gr. iv. in solution : as ff diaphoretic, gr. one- 
 sixteenth to gr. one-quarter. 
 
 The "empirical preparation, called Noreis'j 
 
ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF 
 
 63 
 
 ANTIRHACHITIC 
 
 Drops, consists of a solution of tartarined anti- 
 mony in rectijied spirits, iisgrnsiSi by the addi- 
 tion of some vegetable colouring mjitter, 
 
 Antimonium Viirif actum, Antimonii vi- 
 trum. 
 
 ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — 9. Chloride of, Antimo- 
 nium muriatum — a. Chloruret ofj Antimo- 
 niuqi muriatum — a. Deutoxide of, Antimonium 
 (liaphoreticum — a. Flowers of, Algaroth^a. 
 Glass of, Antimonii vitrum-^a. Golden sulphur 
 of, Antinionii sulphuretum praecipitatvim— a. 
 Medicinal, regujiis of, Antinjonium medicinale 
 — a. Muriate of, Antimonium muriatum— la. 
 Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. Po- 
 tassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartirizatum — 
 a. Submuriate of. Protoxide of, Algaroth— a. 
 Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum . ru- 
 brum— a; Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum 
 — a. Vegetable, Eup^torium perfoliatum. 
 
 Antimony and Potassa, Tae-tkate op, An- 
 timonium tartarizatum. . , 
 
 ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Antinephret'ie, Antine- 
 phret'icus, from am, 'against,' and vsipQirtg, 
 ' nephritis.' A remedy for inflaijimation of the 
 kidney. 
 
 ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine. 
 
 ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 
 ANTI'OCHI HI'ERA. A preparation ex- 
 tolled by the ancients, in melancholy, hydro- 
 phobia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of ger- 
 mander, agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian 
 stoBchas, opoponax, sagapeniim, parsley, arist«- 
 lochia, white pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, 
 honey, &c. ^ 
 
 Anti'ochi Theriaqa. a theriac employed 
 by Antiochus against every kind of poison. It 
 was composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, tre- 
 foil, fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, &c. 
 
 ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antadental'gic, An- 
 todoittaVgicus, Odontal'gi'C, Odonfic, AvUiodon- 
 tal'gieus, from nvtt, 'against,' and aiuftaiyia, 
 'toothache.' A remedy for toothache. 
 
 ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticus, from 
 am, 'Rgainst,' and ogyaoi, ' I desire vehement- 
 ly.' A remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for 
 irritation in general. 
 
 ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'ieus, from 
 avji, 'against,' and ^n^aXvaig, 'palsy.' "Op- 
 posed to palsy. 
 
 ANTIPARASITIC, Antipwrasit'icus, An- 
 tiphtheiriacus, Fhthi'rius, Parasit'icide; from 
 am, 'against,' andiragao-iTof , 'aparasite' (q-v.) 
 An agent that destroys parasites, as the differ- 
 ent vermin that infest the body. . The chief an- 
 tiparasitics are Cocculus, Staphisp,griaj Vera- 
 trum, Mum, ^lid certain of the mercurial prepa- 
 jations. 
 
 ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from avxi, 'oppo- 
 site,' and TiagacTTaTi;;, 'the epididymis;' also, 
 ' the prostate,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflamlnation of Cpwper's glands. 
 
 ANTIPATHIA, from avxi, 'against,' and 
 TiaSoe, ' passion, affection.' Aversion. A na- 
 tural repugnance to any "person or thing. 
 
 ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus, (F.) Anti^ 
 patliique. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, 
 contrary, — as humeurs aiitipathiques; humours 
 opposed to each other. Also, palliative, (q. v.) 
 
 ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA, Thericie of An- 
 tip'atejk. a farrago of more than 40 articles: 
 used as an antidote against the bites of serpents. 
 
 ANTIPERIOP'IC, Antiperiod'imis, from 
 
 OTTi, * against,' and a-ejioJos, ' period.' A reme- 
 dy which possesses the power of arresting mor- 
 bid periodical movements; — e. g. the sulphate 
 of quinia in intermittents. 
 
 ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, Amtipenstai'dms, 
 Autivermic'ular, from mti, ' against,' and nt- 
 giirxekiuij ' I contract.' An inverted action of 
 the intestinal tube, 
 
 ANTIPERIS'TASIS,.fTom ««., 'against,' 
 and wtgiiTTaoic, ' reunion, aggregation.' A 
 ufiion of opposite circumstances : the action of 
 two contrary qualities, one of which augments 
 the force of tjie othej;. The peripateticians as- 
 serted, that it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is 
 hotter in winter than in summer. Theophras- 
 tus attril^utes the ca,use, which renders man 
 more vigorous,- and makes him digest more 
 readily in vpinter, to the augmentation of heat 
 caused by Antiperistasis. 
 
 ANTIPER'JNIUS, from avt,, 'against,' and 
 Pernio, ' a chilblain.' A remedy against chil- 
 iblains ;-r-as TTnguen'tum antiper'nium, an oint- 
 ment for chilblains. 
 
 ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas. 
 
 ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic. 
 
 ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
 
 ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Aptiphlogis'Hcus, 
 from am, ' against,' and if Jj/m, ' I burn.' Op- 
 posed to inflammation ; — as Antiphlogistie re- 
 -iaedies, A. regimen, &c. 
 
 AN T I PH T H E i R I AC A, Antiphthin'am, 
 from ovTi, 'against,' and ip^ei^iuw, ' I am lousy.' 
 A remedy which is used to destroy lice. 
 
 ANTIPHTHIS'IC AL, AntiphtUs'ieus, from 
 aiTi, 'against,' and q>^ia-<f, ' consugiption.' Op- 
 posed to phthisis. 
 
 ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives. 
 
 ANTIPHTS'ICAL, Antiphys'icus, from av- 
 ri, 'against,' and <pviriw, 'I blow.' An expeller 
 of wind : a carminative, (q. v.) 
 
 It has also been used for any thing preter- 
 natural; , here, the derivation is from ««', 
 '^against,' and 9W1S, ' nature.' The French 
 sometimes say, ' Un govjt antipfj^sique,^ - 
 
 ANTIPLEURITTC, AntipUuretHcus, Anti- 
 pleiiret'ic,' ivom otvTi,,' against,' and nUvQiite, 
 ' pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy. 
 
 ANTIPNEUMON'IC, Antipi^umon'icus, 
 from nm, ' against,' and nviVfiavta, ' disease or 
 inflammat'on of the lungs.' A remedy for dis- 
 ease or inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 ANTIPODAGRIG, Antiarthritic. 
 
 ANTIPRAX'IS, from avn, 'against,' and 
 Ttjao-oo),,' I act.' A Contrary state of different 
 parts in the sanie patient: e. g. an increase of 
 heat in one organ, and diminution in another. 
 
 ANTIPSOR'IC, Antipso'rieUs, Antisca'U- 
 ous, from ttvjt, ' against,' and ifimqa, ' the itch.' 
 (F.) Antigaleux, -Opposed to the itch. 
 
 ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic. 
 
 ANTIPY'IC, Antipy'icus, from am, 
 ' against,' and s-uoi-, ' pus.' Opposed to suppu- 
 ration. 
 
 ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge. 
 
 ANTIPYROT'IC, AntipyrotHcus, from arvi, 
 ' against,' and »rug, ' fire.' Opposed to burns or 
 to pyrosis . 
 
 ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, ^w<i?««'-'*»'*»»-" 
 A remedy formerly used against quartan fevej-. 
 
 ANTIQUUS, Chronic. 
 
 ANTIRHACHIT'IC, AntirhacUt'icua, from 
 aiti, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to ra- 
 chitis, or rickets. 
 
ANTIRHEUMATIC 
 
 64 
 
 ANUS 
 
 ANTIRHEUMAT'IC, AntirrkeumatHcus ; 
 from-ai'T;, ' against,' and gtv/tii, 'rheumatism.' 
 A remedy for rheumatism. 
 
 ANTIRHI'NUM LINA'RIA, Lina'ria, L. 
 vulga'ris, Osy'ris, JJrinalria^ C'om/mon Toad 
 Max, (F.) Jjinaire. The leaves have a bitter- 
 ish taste. They are reputed to he diuretic arid 
 cathartic. An ointment made from therh has 
 been extolled in hemorrhoids. 
 
 Antikhi 'Nuni Elati'm i, Elati'nl, Fluellen or 
 Female Speedwell, was formerly used against 
 scurvy and old ulcerations. 
 
 ANTISCARIOUS, Antipsoric. 
 
 ANTISCIRRHOUS, Anticanoerous. 
 
 ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic; 
 
 ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 ANTISCORBU'TIC, AntiscOrbw'ticus, tcom 
 am, ' against,' and scorbutus, ' the scurvy.' 
 Opposed to scurvy. 
 
 A N T I SC RO F 'UI,0 U S, Antiscrofwlo'sus, 
 Antistrii'mosits, Antichcerad'icua. Opposed to 
 scrofula. 
 
 ANTISEP'TIC, Antisep'ticiis, Antipu'trid, 
 from avri, 'against,' and rrinrot, 'putrid.' An- 
 tipvitredino'sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The 
 chief antiseptics, interpally> or externally em- 
 ployed, are AcifLwm Muriaticiiin, Addicm JVi- 
 tricuTTi, Acid'wm/ Sulphur^ciim, Alimdncs sul- 
 phas, Carho Idgni, Calx chlori7iata, Cklori- 
 nwm. Cinchona, and its active principles, Grea- 
 sote, Dauei Radix, FertnentuTn CerevisicB, Soda 
 Chlorinata, and ZinH chloridtiTn. 
 
 K!>iT:iSl&.'L'A.GOGXS'&,Antisialago'gus,An- 
 tisi'olus, from bvti, ' against,' and ainlor, ' sa- 
 liva.' A remedy against ptyalism. 
 
 ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion. 
 
 ANTISPASMOD'IG, Antispasmod'icus, An- 
 tispas'ticus, from ,ay'n, against,' and rnaoi, ' I 
 contract.' Opposed to spasm. , The whole 
 operation of antispasmodics is pft)bably revul- 
 sive. The following are the chief reputed an- 
 tispasmodics, ^ther Sulphuricus, Asafaiida, 
 Castorewm, Dracontiwrn, Moschus, Olett/m-Ani- 
 •male Dippelii and Valeriana — with the mental 
 antispasmodics, abstraction, powerful emo- 
 tions, fear, &c. Of direct antispasmodics, we 
 have not an example. 
 
 ANTISPA;STICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva- 
 tive. 
 
 ANTISTASlS, Antagonism. 
 
 ANTISTERIG'MA, from am,, 'against,' 
 and ffTijjuy^ia, 'a support.' A fulcrum, sup- 
 port, crutch. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ANTISTER'NUM, from avrt, ' against,? and 
 (rTe5»or, ' the Sternum.' The back." — Rufus. 
 
 ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous. 
 
 ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyphilit'icus, 
 from avti, ' against,' and syphilis, ' the vene- 
 real disease.' Opposed to the venereal dis- 
 ease. 
 
 ANTITASIS, Counter-extension. 
 
 ANTITHENAR, Opponens pollicis. Adduc- 
 tor pollicis pedis. 
 
 ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants. 
 
 ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora. 
 
 ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geus, (F.) Mus- 
 cle de VAntitragus, M. antitrag^^n. — (Ch.) 
 Belonging to the antitragus. A small muscle 
 is so called, the existence of which is not con- 
 stant. It occupies the space between the anti- 
 tragus and anthelix. 
 
 J9NTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus. 
 
 ANTIT'RAGUS, from am, ' opposite to,' 
 
 and Tgax"?! 'thetragus.' Antilo'Kum, Oblo'Uvm, 
 A conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, 
 opposite the-tragus. 
 
 ANTITYP'IA, from am, ' against,' ahd.T«jr- 
 Toi, 'I strike.' Resistance. Hardness. Re- 
 percussion.. 1 . . 
 
 ANTIVENE'REAL, Antivene'reus, from 
 arri,-' againptj' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same 
 as Antisyphilitic. Formerly it was used sy- 
 nonymously with Antaphrodisiac. , 
 
 ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic • 
 
 ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic. 
 -ANT'LIA or ANTLI'A, from avrXcvj 'to 
 pump out.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, ..4«*- 
 li'a lac'tca, -Lactisu'giwm, a bre^t-pump; and 
 Antlia sanguisu'ga, -A'^tibdella, Siru'do artiji- ' 
 cia'Us, the exhausting syringe used in cupping. 
 
 Antlia Gasteica, Stomach-pump. 
 
 ANTODONTALGIG, Antiodontalgic.' 
 
 ANTODYNUS, Anodyne. 
 
 ANTRAX, Anthrax. 
 
 ANTRE, Antrum — a. d'Syghmorc, Animm 
 of Highmore. 
 
 ANTROVERSIG, Anteversio. 
 
 ANTRUM, ,' A cavern,' Cavern'a (q. v.) 
 Bar'athrum, (F.) Autre. A. name given to 
 Certain cavities in bones, the entrance to which 
 is smaller than the bottom. 
 
 .Antrum ATJP.is,Tympanum — a. Buccinosam, 
 Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a. 
 Pylori, see Stomach. 
 
 Anteum of Hishmoee, Antrum Highmoria'- 
 nuTTi, Antrum GencB, Antrum Tnaxillct'H veJ 
 maxil'l(B superio'ris, G&iiyanltrv/m, M'aaHllary 
 Sinus, Simis G-ena 'pituita'rius, (F.) Antre 
 d'Hygkmore,' Sinus-. Maxillaire. A deep ca- 
 vity in the substance of the superior maxilljry 
 bone communicating with the middle meatus of 
 the nose. It is lined by a prolongation of the 
 Schrieiderian membrane. 
 
 ANULUS, Fossette. 
 
 ANURESIS, Ischuria. 
 
 ANURIA, Ischuria. 
 
 ANUS, 'a circle,' Fodex, Fotex, MoVymS, 
 Molyn'ie, Dactyl'ios, Cath'edra, Cyr'ceon, Cysf- 
 saros, Cysthos, Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, 
 Proctos, Archos, Sedes, Cuius. The circular 
 opening situate at the inferior extremity of the 
 rectum, by which the excrement is expeljed. 
 Ths fundament. The seat, (F.) Siige> . The 
 body. The seat. 
 
 Akus also signifies the anterior orifice of the 
 Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, 
 called also Foi'a'men convmu'pe poste'rius, has 
 been supposed to form a communication be- 
 tween the bark part of the third ventricle and 
 the lateral ventricles. It is closed up, how- 
 ever, by the tela choroidea, and also by the for- 
 nix, which is' intimately connected with this. 
 The foramen is situate between the commissu- 
 ra mollis of the optic thalami and the pineal 
 gland. 
 
 ' Akits, Aktificial. An opening niade arti- 
 ficially, to supply the natural anus. The term 
 is often used to include preternatural anus, 
 (q. V.) - , 
 
 Anus, CoNtkACTED, (F.) Anus retreci. A 
 state of the anus when, from some cause, it is 
 constricted. 
 
 Anus, iMPERrouATE. A malformation in 
 which there is no natural anus. See Atresia 
 ani adnata. 
 
 Anus, Peeternat'ueal, (F.) Amis centre 
 
ANXIETY 
 
 65 
 
 APHASSOMENOS 
 
 nature, A. anormal. An accidental opening 
 which gives issue to the whole or to a part of 
 the faeces. It may be owing to a wound, or, 
 which is most common, to gangrene attacking 
 the intestine in a hernial sac. 
 
 This term is also employed, as well as Anus 
 divie, devious anus, to the CE^se where the anus 
 instead of heing in its natural situation, is in 
 som^ neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, va- 
 gina, &c. 
 
 ANXI'ETY, Anm'etas, Anad'etude, Adamo'- 
 nia, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys*mus, Al'ycS, 
 Al'ysis, Asi, from angere, Gr. ay^tir, 'to 
 strangle, to suffocate.' A state of restlessness 
 and agitation, with general indisposition, and a 
 distressing sense of oppression at the epigas- 
 trium. Inquietude, anxiety, and anguish, re- 
 present degrees of the same condition. 
 
 -ANYPNIA, Insomnia. 
 
 AOCHLE'SIA, from *, priv. and sjfAos, 'dis- 
 turbknce.' Tranquillity. Calmness. 
 
 AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna, A. crassa, A. 
 max'ima, (F.) Aorte. This name was given 
 by Aristotle to the chief artery of the body. It 
 may have been derived from aoQrso/atai, 'I am 
 suspended,' as it seems to be suspended from 
 the heart; or from ai;o, 'air,' and Tijfsiu, 'I 
 keep,' because it was supposed to contain air. 
 It is probable that Hippocrates meant by aogzai 
 the bronchia and their ramifications. The 
 aorta is the cominon trunk of the arteries of 
 the body. It arises from the left ventricle of 
 the' heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal ver- 
 tebra, passes upwards (ascending Aorta,) forms 
 the great arch of the Aorta, and descends along 
 the left of the spine ^descending Aorta,) until 
 it reaches the middle of the fourth or 'fifth lum- 
 bar vertebra, where it bifurcates, to give origin 
 to the common iliacs. The aorta is soWietimes 
 divided into the Thoracic or pectoral, and the 
 Abdominal. For the arteries vvhich arise from 
 it, &c., see Artery. 
 
 AORTEURYSMA, from as^Tir, 'the aorta,' 
 and evQvc, ' dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, 
 (F.) Jlnevrysme de I'Aorte, Aortiectasie. By 
 carefully auscultating over the dorsal vertebrae, 
 a bellows' sound, with a deep and not always, 
 perceptible impulse, may be detected. 
 
 AOR'TIC, Aor'tieus. Relating to the Aorta. 
 The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricle Aorfique, 
 is the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are 
 the sigmoid valves at the origin of the Aorta, 
 &c. 
 
 AORTIECTASIE, KoxtevtjysmSi. 
 
 AORTI'TIS, Inflamma'tip Aor'ta, from 
 Aorta, and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the aorta. 
 
 AORTRA, Aort7(on, anQi^a, asgTpsv. A lobe 
 of the lungs. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AO TUS, from a, privative, and ovg, 'an 
 ear.' A monster devoid of ears. Gurlt. 
 
 APAG'MA, Apoctas'ma, Apocecaulis'menon, 
 from a-To, 'from,' and aym, 'I remove.' Separa- 
 tion, abduction, (q. v.) Separation of a frac- 
 tured bone. — Galenus, Foesius. 
 
 APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio. 
 
 APALXCHINE,Ilexvomitoria— (j.aJ'emV/s* 
 de Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vOmitoria. 
 
 APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, bora' anaXittia, 
 '1 change.' Mutation, change. It is generally 
 taken in a good sense, and means the change 
 from disease to health. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APALLAXIS, Apallage. 
 
 APALOT'ICA, from ana^^'m, 'softness, 
 tenderness.' Fortuitous lesions or deformities 
 aflfecting the soft parts. The first order in the 
 class Tychica, of Good. 
 
 APANTHESIS, Apanthismus. 
 
 APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from ant, 
 ' from,' and av6ia, ' I flower.' The obliteration 
 of parts previously inservient to useful pur- 
 poses, as of the ductus venosus and ductus ar- 
 teriosus, which are essential to foetal existence, 
 but are subsequently unnecessary. See', also, 
 Stuprnmi 
 
 APANTHRO'PIA, from cmo, 'from,' and 
 av^gwirot, ' man.' Detestation of man; desire 
 for solitud'e.— Hippocrates. One of the symp- 
 toms of hypochondriasis. 
 
 APAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
 
 APARACH'YTUM VINUM, from «, priv., 
 and naLfa.yf\iai, ' I pour over.' The purest wine : 
 ,that which has not been mixed with sea-water. 
 -^Galen. 
 
 APARINE, Galium aparine. 
 
 AP ARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
 
 AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from «, priva- 
 tive, and rea^ot, 'afi'ection.' (V.)Apathie. Ac- 
 cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It 
 takes place in very severe diseases, particularly 
 in malignant fevers. 
 
 APECHE'MA, from a-nn, 'from,' and ijjfot, 
 'sound.' Properly the action of reflecting 
 sound. In medicine, it is synoiriymons with 
 the Latin Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a 
 counter-blow.— Gorraeus, Celsus. 
 
 APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus. 
 
 A'P'E'LliA,Appel'la,Leipoder'rru>s,Recuti'tus, 
 from a, priv., ' and pellis, ' skin.' One whose 
 prepuce does not cover the glans.— Galenus, 
 Linnasus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of 
 any other soft appendage.— Sagar. One who is 
 circumcised. 
 
 APEPSIA, Dyspepsia. 
 
 APE'RIENT, Apefrie'ns, Aperiti'vus, from 
 aperire, {ad and pario,) ' to open.' Res'erans. 
 A laxative, (q. v.) (F.) Aperitif. A medicine 
 which gently opens the bowels. The term had 
 formerly a much more extensive signification, 
 and, like GatalytHcum, was givSn to a substance 
 supposed to have the power of opening any of 
 the passages, and even the blood-vessels. 
 ' APERISTATON, Apens'tatum, from a, pri- 
 vative, and ni^iarijfii, ' I surround.' An epithet 
 for an ulcer not dangerous' nor cotisiderable, nor 
 surrounded by inflammation. 
 
 APERITIF, Aperient. 
 
 APERITIVUS, Aperient. 
 
 APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrae supe- 
 rioris. ' 
 
 APERTO'RIITM, from apeno, ' I open.' An 
 instrument for dilating the os uteri during la- 
 bour. 
 
 APERTURA, Mouth— a. Anterior ventriculi 
 tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)-:a. Pelvis supe- 
 rior, see Pelvis. 
 
 APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum. 
 
 APEX, Mucro. The point or extremity of 
 a part:— as the apex of the tongiie, nose, &c. 
 
 Apex Linguae, Proglossis. 
 
 APH^RESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. 
 
 APHALANGI'ASiS, from ce, ' intensive,' and 
 ifiXiyh, 'phalanx,' (q. v.) The fourth stage of 
 Oriental leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by 
 a gangrenous condition of the fingers. 
 
 APHASSOM'ENOS, from o^ap-o-m, 'I touch, 
 
APHEDRA 
 
 66 
 
 APIUM GRAVEOLENS 
 
 I feel.' The touching of the parts of genera- 
 tion of the female as a means of diagnosis.— 
 Hippocrates. See Esaphe. 
 
 APHEDRA, Anus. 
 
 APHEDRIA, Menses. 
 
 APHEDRON, Anus. 
 
 APHELI'A, tifikrif, 'simple.' Sinaplicjty.; 
 The simple Jjjanners of the sect of Methodists 
 in teaching and practising medicine. 
 
 APHELX'IA, from atfi).xa, 'I abstract.' 
 Voluntary inactivity of the whole or the greater 
 part of the external senses to the impressions 
 of surrounding objects, during wakefulness. 
 Revery, (F.) Reverie. Dr. Good has intro- 
 duced this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelq:'- 
 ia socors or absence of mind — A, inten'ta or ah- 
 straction of mini: and A.otio'sa, Stu'divm ina'- 
 nSy brown stitdy or listless Tnusing^ 
 
 APHEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 APHEPSIS, Decoction. 
 
 APHE'RESIS, ^pAffiVe*i«, from a^^aiq^m, '1 
 take away.' An operation by which any part 
 of the body is separated from the other. Hip- 
 pocrates, accorjding to Foesius, uses the expres- 
 sion Aphce'resis San'guinis for excessive hemor- 
 rhage; and Sennertus, to express the condition 
 of an animal deprived both of the faculties of 
 the mind and of the mind itself . 
 
 APH'ESIS, froHi uipitjui, ' I relax.' A remis- 
 sion ((J. v.) This word expresses sometimes 
 the diminution or cessation of a, disease; at 
 gthers, languor and debility of the lower extre- 
 mities. See Languor, and Remission. 
 
 APHILAN'THROPY,^;jA»7a«tAro>3,from 
 3, privative, (pi^tm, ' I love,' and av^Qomoi, ' a 
 man.' Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vo- 
 gel has given this name to the first degree of 
 melancholy. 
 
 APHISTESIS, Abscess. 
 
 APHODEUMA, Excrement. 
 
 APHODUS, Excrement. 
 
 APHONETUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NIA, Ijiga'tio Ungues, Loque'la dboV- 
 ita, Defec'tus loque'lts, Dyspho'mia, q. v., (of 
 some,) Apk'ony, (F.) Aphonie, Perte de la Voix, 
 from a, privative, and ipoin), 'voice.' Priva- 
 tion of voice, or of the sounds that ought to be 
 produced in the glottis. When aphonia forms 
 part of catarrh or of ' cold,' it is commonly of 
 but little consequence ; but when produced by 
 causes acting on the nervous system, as by 
 some powerful emotion, or without any appre- 
 ciable lesion of the vocal apparatus, it fre- 
 quently resists all remedies. 
 
 Aphonia, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas 
 Surdorum. 
 
 APHONICUS, Aphonus. 
 
 APHO'NUS, Apho'nicus, Apho'netus; same 
 etymon. Relating to aphonia. 
 
 APHONY, Aphonia. 
 
 APHORIA, Sterilitas. 
 
 APHORICUS, Sterile. 
 
 APHORUS, Sterile. 
 , APHOR'ME, «<f05^.,, 'occasion.' The ex- 
 ternal and manifest cause of any thing. The 
 occasional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates. , 
 
 APHRO'DES, ' frothy,' from atpfof, 'foam,' 
 and Ei(!-c, ' resemblance.' Applied to the blood 
 and the excrements.— Hippocrates. 
 
 APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty. 
 
 APHRODIS'IAC, Aphrodisiacus, from A<PQo- 
 i5irij, 'Venus.' (F.) Aphrodisiagtie. Medicine 
 or food believed to be capable of exciting to the 
 
 pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides, &c. 
 They are generally stimulants. 
 
 APHRODISIACUS, Venereal. 
 
 APHRODISIASMUS, Coition, 
 
 APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from AvsoiiTij, 
 'Venus,' and yga^m, 'I describe.' Etymolo- 
 gically, this term means a description of the 
 pleasures of love, but it has been placed at the 
 head of a work describing the venereal disease. 
 . APHROG'ALA, from uPfOf , ' foam,' a^^d yala, 
 ' milk.' Lac spumo'sum. A name formerly 
 given to milk rendered frothy by agitation. 
 
 APHRONIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 APHRONJTRUM, Natrum, Soda. 
 
 APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity. 
 
 APHTHA, Aphtce, Apthee, from awta, yl 
 inflame.' iThrush or sore mouth. Aphtha laC' 
 tu'cimen^ A. Infant'um, Lactu'cimen, Lactii- 
 cim-'ina,Al^col<B,Lactu'm.i?ia,Em'phly sis aphtha, 
 Ulcera serpen'tia Oris,Pus'tulaoris,'Febris-aph- 
 tho'sa, Afigi'na aphtho'sa, Vesic'ulm gingiva'- 
 rum. Typhus aphtho'ideu^, Stomati'tis /exsuda- 
 ti*va, S, vesiculo'sa tTifan'tum, Stomap'yra, S. 
 aphtha, Franel'la, White Thrush, Mili Thrush. 
 Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl-coloured ve- 
 sicles, confined to the lips, mouth, and intes- 
 tinal canal, and generally terminating in curd- 
 like sloughs. In France, tiie Aphthae of chil- 
 dren, Aphthes des enfams, is called Mugom, 
 Millet, ^lanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite 
 cr^meuse pultacei, Pultaceous Infia/wtnation of 
 the Mouth; aiid generally receives two divisions 
 — the Tnild or discreet, (F.) Muguet benin oil 
 discret, and the malignant, (F.) Muguet malin 
 ou confluent, the Black Thrush. Common, 
 Thrush is a disease of no consequence, requi- 
 ring merely the use of absorbent laxatives. The 
 malignant variety, which is rare, is of a more 
 seridus character, and is accompanied with ty- 
 phoid symptoms. I 
 
 Aphth« Adultorum, Stomatitis, aphthous— 
 a. Prasputii, Herpes praeputii — a. Serpentes, 
 Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 APHTHE GANGRiNEXrX, Cancer aquati- 
 cus. '" 
 
 APHTHES DES ENFANS, Aphthae. 
 
 APHTHEUX, Aphthous. 
 
 APHTHO'DES, Ajphtho'ides, Aphthdidms, 
 from aphtha, and tiJoir, ' resemblance.' Aph- 
 thous-like. Resembling aphthae. 
 
 APH'THOUS, Aphtho'siis, (F.) Aphtheux. 
 Belonging to apMhae; complicated with aph- 
 thae ; as Aphthou^Fever . 
 
 APIASTRUM, Melissa. 
 
 APICES CRURUM MEDULLjE OBLON- 
 GATjE, Corpora striata — a.Digitorum,Pupulae. 
 
 APILEPSIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 APIONTA, see Excreti6n. 
 
 APIOS, Pyrus communis. 
 
 APIS, Bee. 
 
 API'TES, from aTriow, 'a pear.' Perry. — Gor- 
 raeus. , 
 
 A'PIUM GRAVEOLEICS, Apiwm, Faluda'- 
 pium, Beli'num, Smallage, ( F . ) Ache . Nat. Ord, 
 TJmbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and 
 carminative. Selery is a variety of this. 
 
 Apium PETRjEUMi Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 Apium Petkoseli'num, ' Apium Horten'sl, 
 Eleoseli'njim (?), Grielzun, Petroseli'nvm or 
 Common Parsley, (F.) Persil. The root — P«- 
 troselinum, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds are diuretic 
 and aperient. 
 
APLASTIC 
 
 67 
 
 APOMYLENAS 
 
 APLAS'TIC, Aplas'tieus, from «, privative, 
 and irXairrm, ' I form.' That which is not capa- 
 ble of forming; that which does not serve to 
 form, or is not organizable. 
 
 Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep- 
 tible of anjr farther amount of organization, — 
 Garber. 
 
 APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance. 
 
 APLEU'ROS, from «, privative, and TrXev^et, 
 ' a rib.' One without ribs, — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from atTiioos,' sim- 
 ple,' and rsuta>, '1 cut.' A simple incision. 
 
 APNEUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNCE'A, from «, privative, and wvem, • I re- 
 spire.' Asphyx'ia, Aimeus'tia. Absence of re- 
 spiration, Respira'tio abol'ita, or insensible re- 
 spitation. Also, Orthopncea, (q. v.) 
 
 Apncea Infantum, AsthDM. Thymicum: 
 
 APN(EASPHYXIA, Asphyxia. 
 
 APNUS, siTvooc, same etymon. One devoid 
 of respiration. An epithet applied by authors 
 to cases in which the respiration is so small and 
 slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli. It is, 
 probable, however, that the word was always 
 applied to the patient, not to the disease. 
 
 APO, ITU, a prefix, denoting ' from, of, off, 
 out.' Hence-T- 
 
 APOB AmMa, Embamma. 
 
 APOBAINON, Eventus. 
 
 APOBESOMENON, Eventusi 
 
 APOBIOSIS, Death. 
 
 APOBLEMA, Abortion. 
 
 APOBOLE, Abortion. 
 
 APOBRASMA, Furfur. 
 
 APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restau- 
 ratio. 
 
 APOCATHARSis, Catharsis. 
 
 APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
 • APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma. 
 
 APOCENO'SIS,.4^o«(!«ao'«ii, from «t?»:6,' out,' 
 and KjKniric, 'evacuation.' A partial evacuation, 
 according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, 
 which signifies a general evacuation. — Cullen 
 and Swediaur apply it to morbid fluxes. 
 
 Apooenosis, Abevacuatio — a. Diabetes melli- 
 tus. Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Sali- 
 vation — a. Vomitus pyrosis. Pyrosis. 
 
 APOCHOREON, Excrement. 
 
 APOCHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 APOCHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 APOCH'YMA, from am yew, 'I pour out.* 
 A sort of tar, obtained from old ships; which is 
 impregnated with chloride of sodium. It was 
 
 used as a discutiejit of tumours Aetius, Pau- 
 
 lus, Gor^sBUs. 
 
 APOCIN GOBE-MOUCHE, Xpocynam an- 
 drosEemifolium. 
 
 APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma. 
 
 APOCLEISISi Asitia, Disgust. 
 
 APOCOPE, from hth, and xcttthv, «to cut.' 
 Abscission, (q. v.) A wound with loss of sub- 
 stance. Fracture with loss of part of the bone. 
 Amputation. 
 
 APOCOPUS, Castratus. 
 
 APOCRISISj Contagion, Excrement, Secre- 
 tion. " > 
 
 APOCROUS'TIC, Apocreiis'tica seu ^po- 
 cru^'tiea, (remed'ia,)fvora.a.no, * out,' and xQovm, 
 ' I push.' An astringent and repellent, (q. y.) 
 — Galenus. 
 
 APOCR0STICA, Apocroustic. 
 
 APOCYESIS, Parturition. 
 
 APOC'YNUM ANDROSjEMIFO'LIUM, 
 from BTo, and xua,v, <a dog,' because esteemed, 
 of old, to be fatal to dogs. Dog's Borne, Bitter 
 Dog'f Bane, Milkyieed, Bittwrubt, Hon^yhloom, 
 Catehfly, Flytrap, Ip'enao, (F.) Apocin gobe- 
 mouche, A. amer. Nat, Ord. Apocyneae. Sosc- 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The root of this 
 plant is found from Canada to Carolina. Thirty 
 grains evacuate the stomach as effectually as 
 two-thirds of the amount of Ipecacuanha, by 
 which name it is known in various parts of the 
 eastern states. It is in the secondary list of 
 the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
 
 Apoo"TNnM Cannab'inum, Indian Hemp. 
 This American plant possesses emetic, cathar- 
 tic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties, and 
 has been strongly recommended in dropsy. 
 It has been given in decoetion,—gij of the root 
 boiled in three pints of water to two. A wijie- 
 glassful for a dose. 
 
 Aeooynum NoviE ANGLiiE HiBsuTuM, Ascle- 
 pias tuberosa — a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa — 
 a. Scandens, AHamanda. 
 
 ' APODACRYT'ICUS, Delachrymati'vus, 
 from KiT», ' from,' and Sa>^qvm, ' I weep.' A 
 substance, supposed to occasion a flow of the 
 tears, and then to arrest them. — Columella, 
 Pliny, Galenus. 
 
 APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 APOD'IA, from u, privative, and mvs, 'a 
 foot,' Want of feet; hence Apous or Apus, one 
 who ha? no feet. 
 
 APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium, SpoUato'^ 
 rium, SpeUa'rium,, from onrojuu, ' I strip off.' 
 The ante-room, where the bathers stripped 
 themselves ia the ancient Gymnasia. 
 
 APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning. 
 
 APOGALACTOS, Exuber. 
 - APOGEUSIS, Ageustia. 
 
 APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
 
 APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis. 
 
 APOGON, Imberbis. 
 
 APOG'ONUM, from an', and ymfjiai, 'I 
 exist,' A living fcetus in utero. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOLEPISIS, Desquamation. 
 
 APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation. 
 
 APOLEP'SIS, ApoUp'sia, Apolip'sis, from 
 anaXai».^!i.vu), 'I retain.' Retention, suppres- 
 sion,— rHippowates. Asphyxia. 
 
 APOLEX'IS, from a^^Xriya, ' I cease.' Old 
 age, decrepitude. 
 
 ' APOLINO'SIS, from' ttTTo, and 2<rcv, 'aflaxen 
 thread.' The mode of operating for fistula in 
 ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Li- 
 num criidum. — Hippocrates, Paulus. 
 
 APOLIPSIS, Apolcpsis. 
 
 APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscya- 
 mus. 
 
 APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 APOLYS'IA, Appl'ysis, from a.mXuoi, 'I 
 loosen.' Solution. Relaxation. Debility of 
 the limbs or looseness of bandages. — Erotian. 
 Expulsion of the foetus and its dependencies. 
 Termination of a diseaae.^-Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 APOMATHE'MAj Apomaihe'sis, from ano, 
 and fA m9a.sa>, 'I learn.' Forgelfulness of things 
 taught . — Hippocrates . 
 
 APOM'ELI, from aro, 'of,* and /ubXi, 'ho- 
 ney.' An oxymel (q. v.) or decoction made of 
 honey. — Galen, Aetius, Paulus, &c. 
 
 APOMEXIS, Munctio. 
 
 APOMYLE'NAS, from itno/AvXXcti^u, ' I 
 make a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips 
 
APOMyTHbSIS 
 
 68 
 
 APOPLEXIA 
 
 forwards, pressing them against each other. 
 Occasionally a symptom of nervous fever. — 
 Galen, Erotian. 
 
 APOMYTHO'SIS, from ajro/iucro-a, 'I snore.' 
 A disease in wiiich there is stertor. — Sauvages, 
 
 APOMTXIA, Nasal mucus. 
 APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponeurogra'phia, 
 from avdi'tvQairtt, an ' aponeurqsis,' and j-gstifi), 
 ' a description.' A description of the Aponeu- 
 roses. 
 
 APONEUROL'OGY, Aponeurolog"ia, from 
 eLnntcvqaa-is , ' an aponeurosis,' and'^oyoc, ' a dis- 
 course.' Aponeurosiol'ogy. The Anatomy of 
 the Aponeuroses. 
 
 APONEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology. 
 
 APONEURO'SIS, Aponevrb'sis, from ant, 
 ' from,' and vevqui, ' a nerve.' Froner.va'tio, 
 .Denerva'tio, Enerva^tio, Sxpan'sio nervo'sa, 
 (F.) Aponeurose, Aponevrose. The ancients 
 called every white part vtv^n, and regarded the 
 Aponeurosis as a nervous expansion. The 
 Aponeuroses are white, shining membranes, 
 very resisting, and 'composed of fibres inter- 
 laced. Some are continuous with the muscular 
 fibres, and differ only from tendons by their flat 
 form. They are called Aponeuroses of inser- 
 tion, (F.) Aponevroses d'insertion, when they 
 are at the extremities of muscles, and attach 
 them to the bone ; — Aponeuroses of intersection, 
 (F.) Aponevroses d'inlersection, if they intei- 
 rupt the continuity of the muscle, and are con- 
 tinuous on both sides with muscular fibres. 
 Others surround the muscle, and prevent its 
 displacement : they are called enveloping Apo- 
 neuroses, (F.) Aponevroses d'enveloppe-. 
 
 Aponeurosis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata 
 — a. Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Iliac, Fascia 
 iliaca. 
 
 APONEUROSI'TIS, from aponeurosis, and 
 itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation 
 of an aponeurosis. 
 
 APONEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What 
 relates to Aponeuroses : — thus, we say Aponeu- 
 rotic expansion. Aponeurotic muscle, &c. . 
 
 APONEtTROT'OMY, Aponeurot&m'ia, from 
 i»!rovEu5o»(i;s, 'aponeurosis,' and Tf|«»a, 'I cut.' 
 Anatomy of aponeuroses. 
 
 Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the 
 division, {debridement) of filaments, &c. in. apo- 
 neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciae. 
 
 APONjtVROSE PABIBUSE, see Pedal 
 Aponeurosis — a. Superfidelle de I' Abdomen et 
 de la Cuisse, Fascia superficialis. 
 
 APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis. 
 
 APON'IA, from a, , privative, and jtouc, 
 'pain.' Freedom from pain. 
 
 APONIPSIS, Ablution. 
 
 APOPALLE'SIS,jJpopffl/'jis,from«7rojraJJa, 
 ' I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion; — Hip- 
 pocrates. Also, Abortion, (q. v.) 
 
 APOV ATE'MA,Apop'athos,Apop'atus. The 
 excrement, and the place where it is deposited. 
 — Dioscorides, Erotian. 
 
 APOPEDASIS, Luxation. 
 
 AP0PHLE6MATISANS PER NARES, 
 Errhine — a. per Os, Sialogogue. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA, Apophlegma- 
 tison'ta, Apophlegmatis'mi, from airo, ' out,' 
 and ^liYfia, ' phlegm.' Medicines which faci- 
 litate the upwari expulsion of naucus frorii the 
 mucous membrane of the digestive or air pas- 
 sages ; as gargles, masticatories, &c. 
 
 AV07TaA'EG'MATl?,'M.,ApopUeg^atis'm.ni. 
 The action of Apophlegmatisantia.^-Gtalen. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisan- 
 tia. • 
 
 APOPH'RADES, from *a-o*{«, ' unlucky.' 
 An epithet applied to unlucky days, {dies m- 
 fandi.) Days on which a favourable change 
 is flot expected to occur in a disease. — A. Lau- 
 reptius. 
 
 APOPHRAXIS,- Amenorrhcea. 
 ' A^OPHTHAR'MA, Mpoph'thora, from-oTtt, 
 and ^Sciqa, 'I corrupt.' Abortion^ as well as 
 a medicine to procure abortion. 
 
 APOPHTHORA, Abortion. 
 
 APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
 
 APOPHY'ABES,, from am, 'from,' and <fu», 
 'I spring.' The ramifications of veins and ar- 
 teries. — Hippocrates. 
 
 AFOPHYSE BjISILMRE, Easilary pro- 
 cess^-a. Engainante ou vaginale. Vaginal pro- 
 cess — a. Pyramidale, see Temporal Bone — a. 
 Petree, see Temporal Bone. 
 
 APOPHYSES &PINEUSES, Spinous pro- 
 cesses of the vertebrae. 
 
 APOPH'YSIS, from am, ' from,' and 9u», 
 ' I rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, ji 
 process of a bone, Prominen'tia ossis contin'ua. 
 When the apophysis is yet separated from the 
 body of the bone by intervening cartilage, it is 
 called Epiphysis. The apophyses or processes 
 are, at times, distinguished by epithets, expres- 
 sive of their form : as Jl. styloid, A. coracoid, 
 &c. Others are not preceded by the word 
 apophysis ; as Trochanter, Tuberosity, &e. 
 
 APOPH'YSIS OF Ingras'sias is a term applied 
 to the lesser ala-of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Apophysis of Rau, Gr&le apophyse du Ma<r- 
 teau : see Malleus. 
 
 Apophysis Ztsomatica, Zygomatic process. 
 
 APOPIES'MA, from awoa-itta, 'I compress.' 
 Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied 
 expression or forcing out of humours by the 
 application of bandages in wounds and fras- 
 
 Ap'oPLANESIS, Error loci. 
 
 APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring 
 to Apoplexy. This word has various significa- 
 tions. It is applied, 1. To individuals labour- 
 ing under apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for 
 combating apoplexy:' 3. To the constitution, 
 temperament, or make, Architectu'ra apoplee'- 
 tica, Hab'itus apoplec'ticus, which predisposes 
 to it, and, 4. To the symptoms which charac- 
 terize apoplexy; as Apoplectic sleep, A. stroke, 
 (q. V.) 4. stertor, &c. The jugular veins have 
 also, by some, been called Apoplectic veins, 
 VencB apoplec'ticcB. 
 
 Apoplectic Cell. The cavity remaining in 
 the encephalon, after the effusion of a clot into it. 
 
 APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apo- 
 plectic. 
 
 APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy— a. Catalepsia, 
 Catalepsia — a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy — a. 
 Cerebri, see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Haemocar- 
 morrhagia — a. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus 
 internus— a. Hepatica, Hepatorrhagia— a. Me- 
 dullaris, Apoplexia myelitica — a. Meningaea, 
 Apoplexy, meningeal. 
 
 Apoplexia Myelit'ioa; A. Medulla! ris, A. 
 Spina'lis, A, Rachia'lis, Hcsmor'rhachis, My 
 ,elorrhag''ia, Myelapoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie 
 de la Moelle epiniire, Himorrhagie de la Mo- 
 elle epiniire, Hemato^myelie, Hemo-myelorrhci- 
 
AFOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE 
 
 69 
 
 APOSTAXIS 
 
 gie, He'matorrhachis. Hemorrhsige into the 
 spinal marrow. 
 
 Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — 
 ii. Nervosa traumatica. Concussion of the brain 
 ^-e. Pituitosa, see Apoplexy*— a. Pulmbnjjlis, 
 see Haemoptysis — a. Pulmonum, see Haempp- 
 tysis — a. Renalis, Apoplexy, renal — a. Rha- 
 ciiialis, A. myelitica — a. Sanguinea, see Apo- 
 plexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy — a. Simplex, 
 Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spasmodica, Apoplexy, 
 nervous — a. Spinal, Apoplexia myelitica — a> 
 Temulenta, see Temulentia. 
 
 AFOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, MoUities 
 cerebri — a. Cerebrale, Apoplexy, Hemorrkagie 
 odrebrale^ 
 
 APOPLEXIE FOUVR'OYANTE, ' Thun- 
 dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, Vyhieh 
 is intense and rapidly fatal. 
 
 APOPLEXIE UENING&E, Apoplexy, 
 meningeal — a. De la Moelle Apiniire, Apo- 
 plexy, spinal. 
 
 AP'OPLEXY, ApopUdia, from «to77Xi|ttsiv, 
 ' to strike with violence." At the present day, 
 the term apoplexy is employed by many writers 
 to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) Hemor- 
 rkagie interstitielle, or every e'ffiision of blood, 
 which occurs suddenly into the substance of 
 an organ or tissue. Hence, we speeik of cere- 
 bral apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, &c. &c. 
 Formerly it was always — ^and still is by many 
 — used m an entirely symptomatic sense, to 
 signify, m other words, the t;rain of phenome- 
 na, which characterize cerebral apoplexy. This 
 disease, HaTnorrha' gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Ca- 
 ms Apoplex'ia, CoTJia Apoplex'ia, Apopleafia 
 cer'ehri sanguin'eaj A. cerebra'lis, Encephalor- 
 rha^'ia, San'guinis ictus, MisTnatenceph'a- 
 hfrn, Pulpez'ia, Sideraftio, Apilepsia, Morhit^ 
 tUton'itus, Gutta, Theople' gia, Theoplex'ia, 
 (F.) Apoplexie, A, cerebrale, Sematoence- 
 phalie. Coup de sang, is characterized by di- 
 minution, or loss of sensation and mental ma- 
 nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com- 
 plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state, — 
 circulation and respiration eontinuing. It gene- 
 rally consists in pressure upon the brain ; either 
 from turgescence of vessels, or from extravasa- 
 tion of blood; hence the terms Hamenceph'alus, 
 Hemorrkagie 'cerebrale, and ■ Hem^encepkalor- 
 rkagie, applied to it by some. The general prog- 
 nosis is unfavourable ; especially when it occurs 
 after the age of 35. When Apoplexy is accom- 
 panied with a hard, full pulse, and flushed coun- 
 tenance, it is called Apoplexia sanguin'ea, Ca- 
 taph'ora coma ; when with a feeble pulse and 
 pale countenance, and evidences of serous effu- 
 sion, Apoplex'ia sero'sa, A^ pituito'sa. Serous 
 Apoplexy, Cata/ph'ora hydrocephal'ica, Ence- 
 phalock'ysis seni'lis,Hydroceph'alus acu'tus se- 
 mim, Hydroencephalorrkee, ^ioxry,') Hydropi- 
 sie cerebrale suraigue, Hydvorrhagie. 
 
 In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu 
 spas7nod'ica,A,simplex,!f^imple apoplexy, ^o le- 
 sion whatever may be perceptible on dissectiop, 
 although the patient may have died under all the 
 phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy. 
 
 Apoplexy of the Heart, ^Haemo-dardior- 
 rhagia. 
 
 Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia fienin- 
 ga'a, (F.) Apoplexie meningee, Hemor'rhagie 
 meningee. Hemorrhage from the meninges of 
 the brain or spinal marrow — generally into the 
 great cavity of the arachnoid. 
 
 Apoplexy, Nervous, see Apoplexy — a. Pul- 
 monary, see Haemoptysis — a. Simple, A. Ner- 
 vous. 
 
 Apoplexy, Rekal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A 
 condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty, 
 irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a 
 deep black colour. Effusion of blood into the 
 substance of the kidney. 
 
 Apoplexy, SeRohs, see Apoplexy — a. Spi- 
 nal, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio. 
 
 APOPNIXIS, Suffocation. 
 
 APOPNOE, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPNCEA, Exspiratio. 
 
 APOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APOpTO'SIS,from anont-^Ta, 'I fall down.' 
 A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian. , 
 
 APORRHOE, Aporrhoea. 
 
 APORRHCE'A, Apor'rho'e, Apor'rkysis, Be- 
 flu'vium, from ainq^jiu, ' I flow from.' An ema- 
 nation, effluvium, contagion, (q. v.) — Moschion. 
 A falling off of the hair, according to some. 
 
 APOR'RHYSIS, Aporrhcea. 
 
 APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'si/S, from aircr^ij-zm, 
 ' I lie down, I direct myself towards.' Afflux 
 of fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first 
 word has been applied to the excrements. — 
 Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis. 
 
 APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deascia'tio, from 
 ani and rxijra^vor, ' a hatchet.' Wound of the 
 cranium, by a cutting instrument, in which a 
 piece of the bone" has been cut out, as with a 
 hatchet. — Gorraeus. 
 
 APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma. 
 
 APOS'CHASIS, Aposehas'mus, from anoir- 
 ;^aCa, ' I scarify.' Scarification. A slight su- 
 perficial incision in the skin. Also, blood-let- 
 ting. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOS'IA, Sitis defec'ius, from «, privative, 
 and B-oiHs, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of 
 desire for liquids. 
 
 APOSI'TIA^, from oiro, 'from,' and irim, 
 'food.' Aversion for food. — Galen. SeeDisgust. 
 
 XVOSii.T'\C,Aposit'icus; the same etymology. 
 Any substance which destroys the appetite, or 
 suspends hunger., 
 
 APOSPAS'MA,from 'aTrorTtam, 'I tear or la- 
 cerate.' (F.) jirracAemew* (q. V.) A solution 
 of continuity, especially of a ligament. Rhegma, 
 ligamenia'rS , Lacera'tio ligam^nta'ria. 
 
 A.VO?,V^kC^l.'lSl^,Apospkacelis'mus,ixom 
 aa-o, and ir^aKsiof, 'mortification.' , Gangrene in 
 Wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages 
 being too tight. — Hippocrates. '• 
 
 APOSPHINX'IS, a;ioo-<},.yS,c, constriction, 
 compression. The action of a tight bandage. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for 
 any purpose. — .Gorraeus. 
 
 APOSTALAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from ano, 
 'from,' and araXatm, 'I drop.' The ancient 
 name for the saccharine liquor which flows from 
 grapes when not yet pressed. 
 
 APOS'TASIS, from aa-o, and„i-Ti;^i, ' I stop.' 
 The ancients had different significations for this 
 word. It was most commonly used for an ab- 
 scess. The separation of a fragment of bone 
 by fracture. Removal of disease by some ex- 
 cretion, &c. 
 
 APOSTAX'IS, from ano<rra.\i,; 'I distil 
 from..' The defluxion of any humour, as of 
 blood from the nose. — Hippocr. Staxis (q. v.) 
 
APOSTEMA 
 
 70 
 
 APFAREILS DE FORMATION 
 
 APOSTE'MA, from bto, 'from,' and lo-Tij^ti, 
 'I settle,' or from o^iiTT^/Ki, 'I recede from.' 
 This word is used by the ancients somewhat 
 vaguely. It meant an affection in which parts, 
 previously in contact, are separated fiom each 
 other by a fluid collected between them. The 
 moderns regard it as synonymous with Abscess, 
 (q. V.) Some, even of the moderns, have ap- 
 plied it to any watery tumour, and even to tu- 
 iQours in general. 
 
 Apostema Cerebei, Encephalopyosis — a. 
 Empyema, Empyema — a. Parulis, Parulis — a. 
 Phalangum, Fourehe — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar 
 
 APOSTERIG'MA, from airaarriqitm, '_ I sup- 
 port.' Any thing that supports a diseased 
 part, as a cushion, a pillow, &c. — Galen. A 
 deep-seated and inveterate disease of the intes- 
 tines. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOS'THIA, Leipoder'mia, from a priva- 
 tive, and TicaSia, 'prepuce.' Want of prepuce. 
 
 APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUEN'TUM, Do- 
 decaphar'inacum) OintTnent of the Apostles, So 
 called, because as many solid ingredietats entered 
 into its composition as there were apostlesi It 
 contained several resins and gum resins, yellow 
 wax, oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c., and was for- 
 merly employed as a vulnerary. 
 
 APOS'TROPHE, from ^no, and e-Tpsfpoi, 'I 
 turn.' An aversion or disgust for'food. — Pau- 
 lua. AlsOj the direction of humours towards 
 other parts. 
 
 APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation. 
 
 APOTELES'MA, from a^ro, and TiXtT/ia, 
 ' completion.' The result or termination-of a 
 disease. See, also, Amuletum. 
 
 APOTHANASIA, see Death. 
 
 APOTHE'C A, Pharmace'um, Pharmacopo'- 
 Uum,iTom an and TiStifn, 'to place.' Any 
 place where things are kept, and therefore ' a 
 shop,' and particularly a wine cellar. A place 
 or vessel wherein medicines are kept. See 
 Pharmacopolium. 
 
 APO'THECARIES' HALL. The Hall of 
 the Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of 
 London, where medicines are prepared and sold 
 under their direction, &c. This Company ob- 
 tained a charter of incorporation in the l.'ith 
 year of James the First. No general practi- 
 tioner can establish himself in England or 
 Wales, without having obtained a license from 
 the Court of Examiners of the Conipany. 
 
 APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'- 
 toty Phwrfnacopo'la, Pigmenta'rius, Pharmaco- 
 pir.'us, Pharmdoeus, Pharmacev'ta, Rhiaot'o- 
 fAf^, Myropo'les, MijropQ'lm,P)iar7nacter,Phar- 
 matur' gicus, Pharftlacur' gus, Pharmaceu'tisty 
 same derivation, {^,y Apothicaire, Pharina- 
 cMn, Pkarmacopole. In every country except 
 Great Britain, it means one who sells drugs, 
 makes up prescriptions, &c. In addition to 
 these offices, which, indeed, they rarely exer- 
 cise, except in the case of their own patients, 
 the Apothecaries in England form a privileged 
 class of practitioners — a kind of sub-physician. 
 
 KPOTYiSKkVFA'A,Apothirapi'a,Aj)Otheia- 
 fWU'sisy from ii/7i^Fg'i7rfutn, (aTo and (^eoaTfor",) 
 'I cure.' A perfect cure.— HippScr. ' In the 
 ancient Gymnastics, it meant the last part of 
 the exercises : — the friction, inunction, and 
 bathing, for the purpose of obviating fatigue, or 
 curing dispase. — Galen, Gorrseus. 
 
 APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia. 
 
 APOTHER'MUM, from oa-o, and 9t^ft,i, 
 ' heat.' A pickle made of mustard, oil, and 
 vinegar.-^Galen. 
 
 APOTH'ESIS, from ayroTi^j/ut, « I replace.' 
 The position proper to be given to a fractured 
 limb, .after reduction. 
 
 APOTHICATRE, Apothecary. 
 
 APOTHICAIRERIE, (F.) firom ano9rp,^, 
 'a warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; 
 also, a gallipot. 
 
 APOTHLIM'MA, from a^ro, and 9li^w,'l 
 press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some- 
 times the expressed juice, Succus expres'aws, of 
 plants.— i-Gorraeiis. 
 
 APOTHRAU'SIS,from as-o5{««cu,'I break,' 
 Fracture of a bone, with spicnla remaining. 
 Extraction of a spiculum of bone.;— GoirBeas. 
 Also, Abscission, (q. v.) ■ 
 
 APOTILMOS, Evnlsibn. ■ 
 
 APOT'OKOS, from am, and T/xrm, 'I bring 
 forth.' An abortive foetus. — Hippocrates. 
 
 APOTOME, Amputation. 
 
 APOTOMIA, Amputation. 
 
 APOTROP^UM, Amuletum. 
 
 APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation— as 
 of a limb^-Pdrat'ropi. 
 
 APOXYSMUS, Abrasion. 
 
 APOZEM, Decoction. 
 
 APOZESIS, Decoction. 
 
 APPARA'TUS.ParawceM'?, from ad a^A pa- 
 rare, 'to prepare.' This word signifies a C0|1- 
 lection of instruments, &c., for any operatbii 
 whatever. (F.) Appareil. 
 
 In surgery it means the methodical arrange- 
 ment of all the instruments and objects neces- 
 sary for an operation or dressing. By exten- 
 sion, .the French give the name Appareil, Cap- 
 sa chirur'gica, to the base or drawers in which 
 the apparatus is arranged. 
 
 Apparatus has likewise been applied to the 
 different modes of operating for the stone. — See 
 Lithotomy. 
 
 In Physiology, Apparatus {Appareil) is ap- 
 plied to a collection of organs, all of which 
 work towards the same end. A system of or- 
 gans comprehends all those formed of a similar 
 texture. An apparatus often comprehends or- 
 gans' of very different nature. In the former, 
 there is analogy of structure ; in the latter, ana- 
 logy of function. 
 
 Apparatus AltuS, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Apparatus Immov'able, (F .)Appareili)llmo- 
 6ile, Im/movahle Ba?idage, Permanent Ba^idapf' - 
 An apparatus for fractures, which is generally 
 formed by wetting the bandages in some sub- 
 stance, as starch or dextrin, which becon)."s 
 solid, and retains the parts in situ. 
 
 Apparatus Lateralis, see Lithotomy — a. 
 Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Litho- 
 tomy; 
 
 APPAREIL, Apparatus, Bohier—a. Grand, 
 see Lithotomy — a. Haut, see Lithotomy — «■ 
 Immobile, Apparatus,' immovable — a. Lateral- 
 ise, see Lithotomy-^a. Petit, see Lithotomy— 
 a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus. 
 
 JIPPjiREILS DE formation; (F.) 
 Gall admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres t 
 the one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebrSs 
 peduncles fo the convolutions, and constitutinj 
 what he calls appareils de formation : the Othel, 
 convergent, and proceeding from the convolu- 
 tions to the centre of the organ, constituting 
 . what he calls appareils de reunion. TTas first, 
 
AFPAVVRI 
 
 71 
 
 APYROMELE 
 
 as a whole, form the organs of the mental fa- 
 culties : th&te«er are commissures, which unite 
 parts of the organ that are double and in pairs. 
 
 APPAUVRI, Impoverished. 
 
 APPENDICE, Appendix— a. Caeal, Ap- 
 pendix vermiformis caeci — a. Digital, Appen- 
 dix vermiformis ceeci — a. Sous-stemale, Xiphoid 
 cartilage — a. Susspheno'idale du cerveaw, Pi- 
 tuitary glan4 — a. Xipho'ide, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 Appendices Coli ADiPoSiE, Appendiculae 
 epiploicae — a. £piploiques, AppendiculiE epi- 
 ploicae. 
 
 APPENDICULACEREBRI.Pituitarygland 
 — a. Vermifoi:mis caeci, see Appendix — a. Epi- 
 I^oica, Epiploic appendage. 
 
 APPENDIC'UL^ PiNGUEDINO'S^,£j)i- 
 ploic app&ndages (q. v.) A-ppendic'ula Epiplo'- 
 itfa, AppBn'dices coli adipo'sce, Om&n'tula, (F.) 
 Appendices Epiploiques. Prolongations of the 
 peritoneum beyond the surface of the great in- 
 testine, which are aiialogous in texture and ar- 
 rangement to omental 
 
 APPEN'DIX, Bpiph'ysis, from appendere, 
 (ad and pendere, 'to hang,') 'to hang from.' 
 Any part that adheres to an organ or is conti- 
 nuous with it : — seeming as if added to it. An 
 mppendage, an apophysis, (q. v.) (F.)Appendice, 
 Annexe. 
 
 Appen'dix Veemifoe'mis, Appendic'nla Ver- 
 mifor'mis Ccb'ciy Tubus Vermicula'ris Cad, Ec'- 
 phyas, Additartien'tum Coli, Appen'dix Ccsci, 
 (F.) Appendice vermiforme, A. ceecal ondigital. 
 A vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill, 
 which hangs from the intestinum caecum. Its 
 functions are unknown. 
 
 Appekdix Cerebri,! Pituitary gland — a. ad 
 Cerebrum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea Septi Na- 
 cirnn, Statica septi Narium — a. to the Epididy- 
 mis, Vasculum aberrans — a. Ventriculi, Duode- 
 num. 
 
 APPENSIO, see Analeptia. 
 
 AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from appetere, 
 (adand petere,) ' to desire.' An ardent, passion- 
 ate desire for any object. 
 
 APPETIT PERTE D', Anorexia. 
 
 AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appe- 
 H"tia, {ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Ciipi'do, 
 Orex'is, OrmB: same etymology as the last. 
 An internal sensation, whidh warns us of the 
 necessity of exerting certain functions, espe- 
 cially those of digestion and generation. In the 
 latter case it is called venereal appetite, (F.) 
 Appetit venerien: in the former, simply ap^e- 
 fite, (F.) Appetit ou Appetition. If the desire 
 for food, occasioned by a real want, be carried 
 to a certain extent, it is called hunger, when 
 solid food is concerned; thirst, when liquid. 
 Appetite and hunger ought not, however, to be 
 employed synonymously : they are different de- 
 grees of the same want. Hunger is an imperious 
 desire: it cannot be provoked, like the appetite. 
 It is always allayed by eating: but not so the 
 »ppetite; for, at times, it may be excited in this 
 manner. They are very generally, however, 
 used synonymously. 
 
 Appetite, Morbid, Limosis. 
 
 APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia— a. De- 
 ficiens, Dysorexia. 
 
 APPLE, ADAM'S. Pomum Adami— a. Bitter, 
 Cucumis colocynthis — a. Cur^ssoa, Aurantium 
 flurassaventium — a. Eye, see Melon — a. May, 
 Podophyllum peltatum — :a. Root, Euphorbia co- 
 ruUata — a. Tree, Pyrus malus. 
 
 APPLICA'TA, from applicare, (ad and pli- 
 care, ' to fold,') 'to apply.' A word, unneces- 
 sarily introduced into medical language, to ex- 
 press the objects which are applied immediately 
 to the surface of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, 
 baths, &c.— Halls. 
 
 KVPUCK'TlGNApplica'tio, (same etymon,) 
 in a moral signification, is synonymous with 
 Attention. Also, the act of applying one thing 
 to another; as the application of an apparatus, 
 of a bandage, blister, &c. 
 
 . APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prehendere, 
 ' to take.' This word is employed in various 
 senses. It means catalepsy, (q. v.) or catocha. 
 — Paul Zacchias. A kind of bandage for se- 
 curing any part. Also, a therapeutical indica- 
 tion. 
 
 AFPROCHE, Coition. 
 
 APPROXIMA'TION, Approadma'tio, from 
 ad and prattiittus, 'nearest.' EttmuUer gave 
 this name to a pretended method of curing dis- 
 ease, by making it pass from man into some 
 animal or vegetable, by the aid of immediate 
 contact. 
 
 APRAC'TAj from *, priv., and ir^na-rit, 'I 
 act.' Without action. An epithet for the 
 parts of generation, when unfit for copulation or 
 generation. 
 
 APRIC ATIO,, Isolation. 
 
 APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 APROCTUS, see Atretus. 
 
 APROSO'PlA, TriocephaVia, from «, priv., 
 and Tifoiriimoi, 'the face.' A malformation, 
 which consists in the face being deficient. 
 
 APROSOPUS, Microprosopus. 
 
 APSINTHIA'TUM, from nipitSiof, 'worm- 
 wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwood.- 
 
 APSINTHITES, Absinthites. 
 
 APSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 APSYXIA, Syncope. 
 
 APTHiE, Aphtha. 
 
 APTYS'TOS, from «, priv., and vruu, '1 
 Spit.' Devoid of expectoration. An epithet 
 given to certain pleurisies, in which there is 
 no expectoration. — -Hippocrates. 
 
 APUS, see Apodia. 
 
 APY'ETOS, ftom a f)riV., and jruoy, ' pus.' 
 An external afiection, which does not end in 
 suppuration. 
 
 APYIQUE,Apyoa. 
 
 AP'YOS, from a, priv., and a-uov, 'pus,' (F.) 
 Apyique. That which does not afford pu9. 
 
 APYRECTIC, Apyretic. 
 
 APYRENOMELE, Apyromele. , 
 
 APYRET'IC, Apyret'icus, Apyrec'tie, Apy- 
 rec'ticus, Apyr'etus, from a, priv., and tcvq, 
 ' fire, fever.' Without fever. This epithet Js 
 given to days in which there is no paroxysm 
 of a disease, as in the case of an intermittent; 
 as well as to some local affections which do not 
 induce fever. Urticaria is sometimes-called an 
 apyretic exanthein, 
 
 APYREX'IA. the same etymology. Ab- 
 sence of fever; Dialein'tna, Dialeip'sis, Dia- 
 lip'sis, Tempns intercala'rl, InterVal'lum, In- 
 terTtlis' sio. Apyrexia is the condition of an in- 
 termittent fever between the paroxysms : the 
 duration of the apyrexia, consequently, depends 
 on the type of the intermittent. Occasionally, 
 the terrh has been applied to the cessation Of 
 the febrile condition in acute diseases. 
 
 APYR0ME'LE,-il;7yreH0TOeV?, from a, priv.. 
 
AQUA 
 
 72 
 
 AQU^ ACIDUL^ 
 
 7ti)gi;i', 'a nut,' and fi.riK>i, 'a sound.' A sound 
 or piobe, without a button or nut. It is the 
 Melo'tis^ Specil'lum auricula^riv/m or Auricular 
 sound of Galen. 
 
 AQUA, Water — a. Acidi carhonici, Acidu- 
 lous waters— a. Acidula hydrpsulphurata, Na- 
 ples water (factitious)-^a. Aeris fixi, Acidulous 
 water (simple) — a\ Alkalina oxymuriatica, Eati 
 lie Javelle—a. Aluminis compositus, Liquor, a. 
 c. — a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. aluminis com- 
 positus — a. Ammoniae, Liquor ammoniae — a. 
 Aqetatis ammoniae. Liquor ammoniae acetatis — 
 a.. Ammoniae carhonatis. Liquor ammoniae sub- 
 carbonatis — a. Ammoniae caustica, Liquor am- 
 moniae — a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii. 
 
 Aqua Amigdala'rum Concentra'ta, (F.) 
 Eau d'Amandes afnerss, Water of hitter al- 
 monds. Made by bruising \yell two pounds of 
 bitter almonds ; adding, .whilst triturating, ten 
 pounds of spring water, and four pounds of al- 
 cohol, letting the mixture ' rest in a well-closed 
 vessel', and then distilling two poimds. Used 
 instead of the Aqua Laurocerasi, and the Hydro- 
 cyanic acid. 
 
 Aqua Anisi Fortis, Spiritus anisi — a. Aquis- 
 granen'sis, see Aix-la-Chapelle — a. Auditoria, 
 Cotunnius, Liquor of — a. Aurantii, see Citrus 
 aurantium — a. Balsamica arterialis,T4<ltia Biuelli 
 — a. Bareginensis, Bareges water — a. Barytae 
 Muriatis, see Baryta, muriate of — a. Bellilucana, 
 Balarue waters — a. Benedicta, Liquor ealcis — 
 a. Benedicta composita. Liquor ealcis composi- 
 tus — a. Benedicta Rulandi, Vinurn antimonii tar- 
 tarizati. 
 
 Aqita Binel'lii, Acqua Binelli, A. Monte- 
 rossi, Aqua BalsamHca arteria'lis, (I^.) Eau 
 de Binelli, Eau de Monterossi. A celebrated 
 Italian haemostatic, invented by one Binelli. 
 Its composition is unknown, but its virtues have 
 been ascribed to creasote; although there is 
 reason for believing it to possess no more ac- 
 tivity than cold water. 
 
 Aqua Brocchie'ri'i, jioyjis Brocehiet i, Broc- 
 chieri water, (F.) Eati.,de'Broce/deri, Eau 
 styptique de Brocchieri, A supposed styptic, 
 which made much noise at Paris at one time. 
 It is devoid of efficacy. Dr. Paris found ho- 
 thing in it but water perfumejl by some vege- 
 table essence. 
 
 Aqua Borvonemsis, Bourbonhe-les-BainSj 
 mineral waters of — a. Bristoliensis, Bristol wa- 
 ter — a. Calcarias ustse. Liquor ealcis — a. CalCis, 
 Liquor ealcis — a. Calcis composita. Liquor eal- 
 cis compositus — a. Camphorae, Mistura cam- 
 phorae — a. Caraphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sul- 
 phas — a. Carbonatis sodae acidula. Acidulous 
 water, simple — a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade 
 eau d' — a. Chlorini, see Chlorine. 
 
 Aqua Cinmamo'mi, Cinnamon Water. Dis- 
 tilled water of Cinnamon Bark. Prepared also 
 in the following manner. Ol. Cinnam. f. ^^ss; 
 Magnes. Carbon, gss; Aq. destillat. Oij. Rub 
 the oil and carbonate of magnesia; add the wa- 
 ter gradually and filter. (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Aqua Cinnamomi, Fortis, Spiritus Cinna- 
 momi — a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral 
 waters of — a. CUpri ammoniata. Liquor c. a. — 
 a. Cupri vitriolati composita. Liquor cupri sul- 
 phatis composita — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — 
 a. Destillata, Water, distilled — a. Florum au- 
 rantii, see Citrus aurantium — a. Fluviatilis, 
 Water, river. 
 
 Aqua FQSNio'nLi, Fennel Water. The dis- 
 
 tilled water of fennel seed. It may be prepared 
 also like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Fontaha, Water, spring — a. Fortis, 
 Nitric acid — a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphujetted' 
 water — a. Hordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. In- 
 tercus. Anasarca — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — 
 a. Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compo- 
 situs — a. Kali, Liquor potassae subcarbonatis-^ 
 a. Kali caustici. Liquor - potassee — a. Kali prae- 
 parati. Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — a. Kali 
 puri. Liquor potassae — a. Kali subcarbonatis, 
 Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — a. Labyrinthi, 
 Cotunnius, liquor of — a.- Lactis, Serum lactis — 
 a. ex Lacu, Water, lake — a. Liihargyri acetati 
 composita; Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — 
 a. Luciae, Spiritus ammoniae succinatus — a. Ma- 
 rina, Water, sea — 'a. Medicata, Water, mineral. 
 
 Aqua Menth;e PiPERl'ia;, Peppermint Wa- 
 ter.- The distilled water of peppermint. It 
 may be prepared like the aqua cinnamomi. 
 
 Aqua Meuth^e Piperitidis Spirituosa,- Spi- 
 ritus menthae piperitae — a. Mf nthas viridis, Spear- 
 mint water; see Aqua menthse piperita — a. Men- 
 thas vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus nienthae viridis 
 — a. Mineralis, Water, mineral^ — a. Mirabilis, 
 Spiritus pimentae — a. "Mulsa, Hydromeli — a. 
 Natri Oxymuriatici, Liquor soda» chlorinatEe— 
 a. Neapolitana, Naples water (factitious)7r-a. 
 Nephritica, Spiritus myristicae — a. Nivata, Wa- 
 ter, snow — a. Nucis moschatoe, Spiritus myris- 
 ticae — a. Ophthalmica, Liquor zinci sulphatis 
 cum camphora— a. Paludosa, Water, marsh — a. 
 Pericardii, see Pericardium — a.,Picea, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — a. Picis,, see Pinus sylvestris-^a. 
 Pluvialis, Water, rain — a. Potassae, Liquor po- 
 tassae — a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii— 
 a. Putealis, Water, well — a. Rabelii, Elixir 
 acidum Halleri — a. Raphani composita, Spiritus 
 armoracise compositus — a. Regia, Nitro-muri- 
 atic acid. .v 
 
 Aqua Ros^, Rose Water, JRkodostftg'ma, 
 (Ros. centifol. ffiviij ; Aqua, cong. ij. M. Distil 
 a gallon— Ph. U» S.) 
 
 Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a. Sappha- 
 rina, Liquor cupri ammoniata — a. Saturni, Li- 
 quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus— a. Sclopetaiia, 
 Arquebusade eau d'^—a. Seminiim anisi compo- 
 sita, Spiritus anisi — a. ^eminum carui fortis, 
 Spiritus carui^a. Sodae efFervescens, Acidulous 
 water, simple — a. Soteria, Water, mineral— a. 
 Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Styptica, Liquor 
 cupri sulphatis composita — a. Sulphurata sim- 
 plex, Hydrosulphuretted water — a. Sulphureti 
 ammoniae, Liquor fumans Boylii — a. Thediana, 
 Arquebusade eau d' — a. Theriacalis Bezoardica, 
 Qhylostagma diaphoreticum Mindereri— a. To- 
 fana. Liquor arsenicalis — a. Traumatica The- 
 denii, Arquebusade eau d' — a.Vegeto-mineralis, 
 Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, 
 Vichy water — a. Titriolica caraphorata, Liquor 
 zinci sulphatis cum camphorl— a. Vitriolica 
 casrulea, Solutio sulphatis cupri composita— a. 
 Vulneraria, Arquebusade eau d' — a. Zinci vitri- 
 olati cum camphora. Liquor zinci sulphatis cum 
 camphor^. 
 
 AQU^ ACIDULA., Acidulous waters— a. 
 Badiguas, Bath, Mineral waters of-^a. Badizae, 
 Bath, Mineral waters of— a. Bathonis, Bath, 
 Mineral waters of— a. Buxtonienses, Buxton, 
 Mineral waters of— a. Cantiiarienses, Canter- 
 bury, waters of— a. Chalybeate, Waters, mine- 
 ral, chalybeate. 
 
 Aqu;e Destilla't^;, Distilled Waters, tly- 
 
_ AQU^DUCTUS 
 
 73 
 
 ARABS, MEDICINE OF THE 
 
 drola'ta, (F.) Hydrolats. These are made by 
 putting vegetable substan,oes, as roses, mint, 
 pennyroyal, &c., into a still with water, and 
 drawing off as much as is found to possess the 
 aromatic properties of the plant. To every gal- 
 lon of the distilled watery 5 bz. of spirit should 
 be added to preserve it. The simple distilled 
 waters are sometimes called Agtice stUldtifice 
 sim'plices : the sj/irittiotis; Aqua stiUatit"i<g 
 spirituo'scB^ but more commonly Spir'kus. 
 
 Aqo^ Martiales, Waters, mineral, chaly-* 
 , beate — a'.Minerailes acidulse. Waters, mineral, 
 gazeous — a. Miherales ferruginosae. Waters, mi- 
 neral, chalyheate — *i. Minerales sulphureae. Wa- 
 ters, mineral, sulphureous — a. StUlatitiae, Aquje 
 destillatae— a. S.olis, Bath mineral waters. 
 
 AQUiEDTJC'TUS, Aq'iieduct, from .aqflai 
 'water,' and ducere, ducftcm,,' to lead.' (Ft) 
 Aqueduc. Properly, a caifal for conducting 
 water from one place to another'. Anatomists 
 have lised it to, designate cectedn canals. . 
 
 Aqu^DDCtus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — a. Cotunnii, Al"®ductus vestibuli.- 
 
 Aqujbduc'tus CocH'LEiE, (F.) Aqueduc dn 
 Idmagon; — a very narrow canal, which proceeds 
 from the tympanic scala of the cqchlea to the 
 posterior edge of the pars, petrosa, 
 
 Acjc^Dtrc'TOS Fallo'pii, Canal spiroide de 
 I'os iemparal of Chaussier, (FO Aquedif:c de Fal- 
 lope. A (ianal in the pars petrosa of the temporal 
 bone, which extends from the meatus -audito- 
 rius internus to the foramen stylo-mastoideum, 
 and gives passage' to the facial nerve. ' The 
 opening into this aqueduct is called Hia'tws 
 Fallo'pii.' 
 
 'AiiujEOUC'TDB S^l'vij, (F.) A^ueduc de Syl- 
 vius^ Iter ad qziartwm vejitric'ulumf Gana'lis 
 me'dius. Canal intermedfiaire des ventrictiles pf 
 Chaussier. A canal forming a communicajion 
 between the third and fourth ventricles of the 
 brain. 
 
 Aqti^duc'tus Vestib'uli, Aqitadtictus Co- 
 tun'nii, (F.) Aqueduc du ■eestibule on Aquer 
 due de Cotugno. This begins in the vestibul6, 
 near the common orifice of the two semicircular 
 canals, and opens at the posterior surface of the 
 pars petrosa. ' 
 
 AQlJALIC'ULtTS, from aqualis, 'a water- 
 pot.' That part of the abdomen which extends 
 from the umbilicus to the pubes. See Hypo- 
 gastrium. It has also been applied to the sto* 
 mach or intestinal canal. 
 • AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus, 
 to express the visions or hallucinations of pa- 
 tients. 
 
 AQVEDVC, Aqtieduct— a. de Cotugjto, 
 Aquaeductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aqiiae- 
 ductus Fallopii — a. du Idmaqon, Aquaeductus 
 cochleap — a. de Sylvius^ Aquseductus Sylyii-^- 
 ffl. du VestiSale, Aquaaductus vestibuli. 
 
 AQUEDUCT, Aquapductus. 
 . A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus.) Hydato'des, 
 Hydro'des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueux. 
 Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are 
 sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Ca- 
 naux aqueux. 
 
 Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Mumoraquo'- 
 sus,AIhugin'eo%is humouf, Ooei'des, Oo'des,lIy- 
 dato'i'des, Hydato'des, Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis 
 hiumor, (F.) Humieur aqueuse. The limpid fluid 
 which fills the two chambters of the eye, from 
 the cornea to the crystalline, and which is, con- 
 sequently, in contact with ike two surfaces of 
 6 
 
 the iris. Quantity, 5 or 6.gr.ains : s. g. 1.0003. 
 It contains gelatin,, albumen, chloride of podi- 
 um, and phosphate of lime in small quantity; 
 and is enveloped in a fine membrane :-r-M« mem- 
 brane of the .aqueous kumaur—^Tunioa propria 
 seu Vagi'na, kumo'ris- a'guei, seu Membra'na 
 V.emuria'na seu fiesoemet'ii, Membrane of De- 
 mours or of Descemet; although t^ese l^st terms 
 are by some appropriated to a third lay^r of the 
 cornea. 
 
 AtlUEUS, Aqueous. 
 
 AQUIDUGA, Hydr^gogues. 
 
 AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium— a. foliis 
 deciduis, Frinos. , 
 
 AQUILA, Hydrargyri subtaurids, Sulpjiur. 
 
 The alohymists used this word for suhlinied 
 sal apamoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, 
 sulphur, and the philosopher's stone; See Hy- 
 draigyri SubmuriaS, {|jid Sulphur. 
 
 Aft'tiiLA Gcelest'is; a sort of panacea, of 
 which> mercury was a constituent. 
 
 Aq'uila Lach'rym.b;' a liquor prepared from 
 several ingrpdients, especially from c,alofflel. 
 
 Aq'uila Philo^opho'jium. The alchymists, 
 whose terms were, always ^mysteriou^, called 
 mercury thusi when reduced.to its originalform. 
 
 Ati'uiL* Ven'eris; an ancipnt preparation, 
 made.by subliming verdigris and sal ainmoniac. 
 
 AQUILA tEN^ Temporal veins. 
 
 AQUIL'E'GIA VULGA'RIS, Common Co- 
 lamiine 01' Columbine, (F.) Aneolie. Th6 seeds, 
 herb, axA flowers \yere formerly used in jaun- 
 dice and cutaneoas diseases. They are still 
 retained in many of the Pharmacopoeias of con- 
 tinental Europe, ''.-■, 
 
 AQUO-CAPSULIJIS, Aqua-membranitis. 
 
 AQUO-MEM'BRANI'T IS,- Keratain'tis, 
 Aqupcapsuli'tis . Inflammation of the anterior 
 cteimber i3f the eyft. A badly compounded 
 term, denoting inflaminatioh of the capsule or 
 membrane of the aqueous humour. 
 -^QUULA, .Geratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa — 
 a. Acustioa, Gotuiinius, liquor of. . , 
 
 Aqu^jla seu Aqua Moruagnii. The minute 
 portion of water, which escapes when an open- 
 ing is made into the capsule of the crystalline. 
 
 ARA PARVA, a srriali altarj— a Icind of 
 bandage invented by Sostratus, which repre- 
 sents the corners of an altar.— Galen., 
 
 AR'ABpi a wound, a bjow. — Erotian. 
 - ARAB'ICA ANTip'OTUS HEPATfiCA, 
 Ar'ahic Hepat'ic A^'lHote. A, Jjojvder, com- 
 posed of myrxh, costus, whjte pepper, Jtc. It 
 was administered in new wine. 
 
 ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white mar- 
 ble analogous to ^alabasteif, found in, Arabia. 
 It was regarded as absorbent and de&cative, 
 and was employed in hemorrhoids. 
 , AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscypMous 
 medicine, composed of myrrh,, olibanum^ Vax, 
 sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, &c.-^C6lsus; 
 
 AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara- 
 bians kept the torch of medical science illumi- 
 nated during a dark- period of the middle ages. 
 Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools 
 of medicine; but these were most flourishing 
 during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centurieS. The 
 chief additions made by them to medical sci- 
 ence were in the departments of pharmacy and 
 in the description i)f diseases. Their principal 
 writers were Avi<Senna, Serapion, Averrhoes, 
 Hali Abbas,- Moses - Maimonides, Avenzoar, 
 Rhazes, Albucasis, &c. 
 
ARACACHA 
 
 74 
 
 ARBUTUS, TRAILING 
 
 ARACACHA, Conium moschatum. 
 AR'ACHIS. HVPOGE'A:, Orcmmi nut. Pea 
 nut, Earth almonif, (S.)- Mane.; erroneously 
 called Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindar s of 
 the West Indies. Cultivated in the Southern 
 States. The seeds are oily and are eaten. A. 
 kind.of inferior chocolate may lie made of th«m, 
 ARACH'NE,a5o^vi/, 'a spider, a cobweb/ 
 Hence — ^ 
 
 ARACHNI'TIS, Arachnoidi'tia^ Arachno^ 
 dei'tis, Injla/nvmation of. the Arachnoid, A va- 
 riety of phrenitia; which see. • 
 ARAGHNODEITIS, Arachnitis. 
 ARACHNOID CANAL, see Canal, arach- 
 noid. 
 
 Arachnoid of the Eye. The lining mem- 
 brane of^a cavity, supposed by' some to exist 
 between th* sclerotic and choroid. 
 
 Akaoh'noiii Membrane, Meninz Me'dia, 
 Arachnoideus, Arachno'des, from o$a;fiii;, 'a 
 cobweb,' and tiiog, 'form, resemblance;' Tu'- 
 tiiea ara'nea, Arachno'des, T. trystal'lina, Me- 
 nin'gidn. A name given' to several membranes, 
 which, by th& extreme thinness, resemble spi- 
 der-webs. — Celsus and Galen called thus the 
 membrane pf the vitreous humour, — ^the tunica 
 hydloidea. The moderns use it ,now for one of 
 the membranes of the brain, situate between 
 the dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous 
 membrane, and composed of two layers ; the 
 external being confounded, in the greater part 
 of its extent, with the dura mater, and, like it, 
 lining the interior of the cranium and spinal ca- 
 nal; the other being extended over 'the brain, 
 from which it is separated by the pia mater, 
 without passing into the sinuosities, between 
 the convolutions, and pefletrating into the inte- 
 rior of the brain by an opening at its posterior 
 part under the corpus callosam. It forms a part 
 of the investing sheath of the nerves, as they 
 pass from the encephalic cavities. Its chief 
 uses seem to be;— to envelop, and, in"" some 
 measure, protect the, brain, and to secrete a 
 fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a state 
 best adapted for the proper performance of its 
 functions. 
 
 ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis. 
 
 ARACK', Arrack'; (East Indian.) A spiri- 
 tuous liquor made in Indiain various -ways, of- 
 ten from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented 
 along with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently 
 from toddy, the juice 'which flows from the co- 
 coa, nut tree by incision, and from other sub- 
 stances. It is;a strong, heating spirit. 
 
 Aragk, Mock, is niade by adding-Qij of Ben- 
 zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated 
 Vauxhall punch is made' with Such arack. 
 
 ARACOUGHINI, Icica aracouchinj. 
 
 ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla. 
 
 AR'ADOS, from a^aitia, , ' I am turbulent.' 
 The agitation excited in the stomach by the 
 coctipn of aliments of different nature. — Hip- 
 jracrates. Likewise, the motion produced by 
 cathartics. 
 
 AR2EOMA, Interstice. 
 
 ARAEOMETER, Areometer. 
 
 AR^^OT'ICA, frpm aja/oo., « I rarefy.' Me- 
 dicines supposed to have the quality of rarefy- 
 ing the humours. See Rarefaciens. 
 
 ARAKI, see Spirit. 
 
 ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefor 
 Hum. 
 
 Aea'lia His'?ida, Dwarf Elder, 'ii said to he 
 diuretic, dnd' has been recommended, in decoc- 
 tion, in dropsy. 
 
 Ara'ma Nudicau'lis," iVi?/c?M« America'nus, 
 Small Spikenard, WiM^liq'uorice, Sweet root, 
 False Sarsaparil'la, {7.) Petit nard. This Ame- 
 rican plant is said to be a- mild stimulant and 
 diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a 
 substitute for the sarsaparilla.- It is used, also, 
 as a tonic It is in the secondary list of the 
 Pharmacopbeia of the p^nited States., 
 
 Ara'lia ' Racemo'sa, American Spikenard, 
 has the same properties as A. Nndicaulis. . 
 
 AEA'tiA Spino'sa, Ahgel'iea. Tree, Prickly 
 Ash, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly 
 Elder, Shotbush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties 
 are -not cWar. The berries, and a tincture of 
 them- have been employed, it; is .said,' success- 
 fully in todthach. A spirituous infusion- has 
 also been used in colic. y 
 
 ARANEA, Aranese Tela — a. Tarentula, see 
 Tareiitula.- _ 
 
 ARAOVJ!^ TELAj Ara'nea, Ara^newm, Col- 
 Web, (¥:) Toile d'Araignee. /FoTraerly, this' 
 substance was mueh employed, apd supposed 
 td possess extraordinary virtues, especially 
 when applied to the wrists. It has been re- 
 cently lised- again- in intermittents. The spider 
 itself, softened into a plaster and applied to the 
 foi'ehead and temples, is said by Dioscorides to 
 prevent ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, 
 and is so applied, externally, at! times. 
 
 ARANEO'SA URI'NA. a term applied to 
 the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob- 
 webs. 
 
 ARANEO'SU-S PULSUS; a term employed 
 to. express extreme weakness of pulse; when 
 the movements resemble those of a delicate net 
 raised by tlie wind. 
 
 ARANEUM, Araneae Tela. 
 
 Aea'necm Ulcus, Astakil'los. A name given 
 by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer, 
 extendihg from the, feet, to the legs. 
 
 ARARA, Myrobal^inus citrina. 
 
 ARASCGN; Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
 
 ARATRUM, Vomer. 
 
 ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI, Dombeya ex- 
 eelsa. 
 
 ARBOR BENIVI, Belijamin— a. Indica, Lau- 
 rus cassia-^a. Maris, Coral — a. Thurifera, Ju- 
 niperus Lycia— a. Uteri Vivificans, Palmae uteri 
 plicatae. ' 
 
 ^ Arbor Vitje, (F.) Arbre de vie. A name 
 given to an arborescent appearance, observed 
 on cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and 
 which results from the particular arj:angement 
 of the > white substance .with the cineritious. 
 Also, the|Thuya occidentalis, (q. v.) 
 
 Arbor Vit^ of the Uterus, Palmae uteri 
 plicatse. 
 
 AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, 
 which precedes its ulceration. Rule^nd. 
 
 ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo. 
 
 ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitse. 
 
 ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BHAZILI- 
 ENSIS, Hypericum bacciferum. 
 
 ARBUTUS, TRAILING, A. Uva ursi. 
 
 AR'iBUTUs Uva Ursi, Aretostaph'ylos, XTva 
 Ursi Fo'tia. Nat. Ord. Ericeae. Sexi Syst. 
 Decandria Monogynia, (F.) Busserotle ou Rai- 
 sin d'Ours. Theleaves — (JJva Ursi, Ph.U.S.)— 
 of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have 
 
ARC 
 
 75 
 
 ARCHOSYRINX 
 
 beMi employed cWefly, in diseases of the uri- 
 nary organs. Dose of powder from gr. xv. to 
 fis. The English names are TrailvAg Arbutus, 
 ear's Whortleber'ry, or Bearberry, Mojmtfdn- 
 box, JRedberry, Upland Cranberry, Foxberry, 
 €heeSerberry . , 
 
 AK'BvtvsXJN^'bo, Andraeh'*il,Vne!do,tTne'do 
 papyra'eea, xoiiwiigo{, (F.) Arbqiisier. A decoc- 
 tion of the leaves is astringent, and has been 
 used in diarrhcea. 
 
 ARC, Arch, Arcus. , Any part ,of the body 
 resembling an arch in, form; as the Areh of the 
 tolon, (F.) Arc du colon, — the transverse por-, 
 tion of that intestine : — Arch of the 'Aorta, Arcus 
 aor'tce, (F.) Crosse de I'Aorte, &c., the turn 
 which the'aorta takes in the thorax. 
 
 ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydr&rgyrum— a. 
 Cordis, Pericardium. - 
 
 ARCADE AJ>fASTOMOTIQUEiATchmaa- 
 tomotic — a. Crurale, Crural aich—^^ Inguinale, 
 Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Oibitar arch — a.Pu- 
 bienne, Pubic arch — 'a. Zygoniftigue, Zygomatic 
 arch. 
 
 ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches 
 — a.' Pal,maires, Palmar arches. 
 
 ARCADI-TE MP O RO-MAXILLAIRE, 
 Temporetlis. 
 
 ARC^'US or ARCffi'US, BALSAM OF, 
 (F.yBdume d'Arcaus. A kind of soft ointment 
 used in sores, contusions, &c. It is made by 
 melting two parts of mutton suet,' one part of 
 I^og's lard: of turpentine and rosin, each one 
 part and a half: straining and agitating till cold. 
 
 ARC ANSON, Colophonia. 
 
 ARC A'NUM, from area, ^a chest.', A secret, 
 a nostrum, (F.) Arcane^ A remedy whose com- 
 position is kept secret; but which is reputed to 
 possess great efficacy. 
 
 Arcanbm Corallimum, Hydfargyri nitrico- 
 ozydum — a. Duplicatum, Potassae sulphas — a. 
 Tartari, Potassae acetas. ' 
 
 ARCATdS, Meros. 
 
 ARCEAU, ArcuhiSj.Cradle. 
 
 ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus coimnuni?. 
 
 ARCH, AlfASTOMOT'IC,(F.)A)-ffarfe. anas- 
 tomotigue, is the union of two vessels, which 
 anastomose by describing a curved line. The 
 vessels of the mesentery anastomose in this 
 manner. 
 
 Akch op the Aorta, see Aorta — a. Crural, 
 see Crural arch — :a. Femoral, see CrOral arch — 
 a. Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis — a'. Inguinal, 
 see Crural arch — a. Orbital, see Oirbitar arch — : 
 a. of the Palate, see Palate bone — a. bf the Pubis, 
 see Pubic arch-^. Subpubic, see Subpubic arch 
 — a. Superciliary, see Superciliary arches-^a. 
 Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch. 
 
 Arches of the Palate. These are two in 
 number on each side of thf throat, one of which 
 is termed anterior, the other posterior. 
 
 The anterior arch arises from the middle of 
 the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and 
 is fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue. 
 
 The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, 
 from the side of the uvula, and passes down- 
 wards to be inserted into the ^de of the pha- 
 rynx. The anterior arch contains the circum- 
 flexus palatij and forms the isthmus iaucium. 
 The posterior arch has, within, it, the levator 
 palati, and between the arches are the tonsils. 
 
 ARCH^'US, Arche'us, from 'ci(;^i(, 'com- 
 mencement,' (F.) Archie^ A word invented by 
 Basil Valentine, and afterwards adopted by 
 
 Paracelsus and Van Helmont. The latter used 
 it for the internal principle of our motions and 
 actions. This archaeus, according to Van Hel- 
 mont, is an immaterial principle, existing in 
 the seed prior to fecundation, and presiding 
 over the development of the body, and over aU 
 organic phenomena. Besides this chief ar- 
 chseus, whose seat' Van Helmont placed in the 
 upper orifice of the stomach, he admitted seve- 
 ral of a subordinate characteiv which had to 
 execute its orders; one, for instance, in each 
 organ, to preside over its functions; each of 
 them being subject to anger, caprice, terror, 
 and every human failiiig. 
 
 ARCHANGEL NEW,MINERAL SPRIKTGS. 
 Ahout twenty miles to the north ofNfew Arch- 
 angel; Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of 
 North America, are some thermal sulphureous 
 waters, the temperature of one of which is up- 
 wards of 153" of Fahr. They are much cele- 
 brated.^Sir Geo. .Simpson. 
 
 ARCHAN6ELICA, ^araium album. 
 
 ARCHE, a^xVi Inii"iwm, Princip'iwm, Pri- 
 mor'dium, Ori'go, 'Imva'sio. The first attack 
 of a disorder. 
 
 ARCHfiCPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCK&E), Krt!asivs.. ■ 
 
 ARCHELL, canary. Lichen roccella. 
 
 ARCHEEOG"IA, from a^x^, 'beginning,' 
 and Joyos, ' a discourse.' A treatise on funda- 
 mphtai principles; — of medicine, for example. 
 
 ARCHEN'DA. a' powder of the leaves of 
 the Hgnstrum,. used by the Egyptians after 
 bathing, lo obviate the unpleasant odour of the 
 feet. — 'Prosper Alpinns. 
 
 • ARCHIA'TER, Arehia'trus, Frotomed'ieas, 
 Protia'tros, from ap^ij, 'authority,' and iotjos, 
 ' physician.' The original signification of this 
 word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, 
 with MercurialiSj.that it meatft physician to a 
 prince, king, emperor, &c.: others, with C. 
 Hofiman, apply it to every physician who, by 
 his situation, is raised above his colleagues. 
 The former opiiiion seems to have prevailed, — 
 Arehiatre des Rois de France being applied to 
 the chief physician to the kings of France. 
 
 ,ARGHIG"ENI MORBI. Acute diseases; 
 because they hoM the first rank: from agjfi), 
 'beginning,'' and.yiro^im, 'I am.' 
 
 ARCHIMAGIA, Chymistry, 
 
 ARCHINGEAY,M|NERAL WATERS OF. 
 Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues 
 from St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized 
 in all diseases. They seem to contain carbo- 
 nate of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbo- 
 nate of iron, and some bitumen. 
 
 ARCHITECTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo- 
 plectic make. 
 
 ARCHITIS, Proctitis, RectitiB, ' 
 
 ARCHOCELE, Proctocele- 
 
 ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 ARCHOPTQSIS, Proctocele. . 
 
 ARCHORRHA'GIA, from ap^^oe, ' the anus,' 
 and ^ca:, ' I flow.' Archorrha'a. Hemorrhage 
 from the anus. 
 
 ARCHORRHCEA, Archorrhagia. 
 
 ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSTEGNOMA, Stricture of the Ree- 
 tum. 
 
 , ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Re«- 
 tum. 
 
 ARCHOSTENOSIS,Stricture of the Rectum. 
 
 ARCHOSYRINX, Fistula in ano. 
 
AECIFORM 
 
 76 
 
 AREOMETER 
 
 AR'CIFOEM, Areifor'mm, from ora, ams, 
 ' a top or ridge,' and.fdvn^a, "shape,' An epi- 
 thtit gi*en to certain fibres of the anterior py- 
 ramids of the "medulla oblongata, which take a 
 curved course around tke inferior extremity-of 
 each corpus olivare and ascend towards the cer 
 rebellum. . 
 
 AS.CTA'T10,Ari!titu'do,iiomareio,^Imnke 
 narrow;' Angiiata'tio. Contjactipn, (^.)B.etr4- 
 tissement, of a natural opening ;or'of a canal, 
 and especially of the vulva, of the orifice of the 
 uterus, or of wie intestinal canal. Constipation, 
 (q. V.) Reunion by suture or infibukition. — 
 Scribonius Largus, P^ul Zacchias, &c. 
 
 ARCTITUBO:, Arctatio. 
 
 ARCTIUM LAPPA. The root and seed 
 . of the Clii-hun, BaTda<na, Arctium,, Ilafhis, 
 happagldbra. Lappa inaj or, L.persona'ta, Per- 
 soSa'ta, iPersolla'ta, Fersolu'ta,^ Burdock, (F.)] 
 Bardane, Olouteron. ''Nat. Ord. Oompositae. 
 Sex. ]Sfy«*. Syngenesiaeequalis. iJo/)« diuretic :i 
 seed cathartic. It has been used in decoction: 
 in diseases of the skin and in syphilis. : 
 
 ARCTjOSTAPHYLUS, -Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 ARCTU'RA, from arcto, ' I straighten.' The 
 eflfects of a nail, grown into the flesh, Arctw'ra 
 tmgtUs. — See Onychogryphbsis. 
 
 AfcosuKA Ukstjium. The growing in or in- 
 version of the nails. See Onychogryphosis. 
 
 ARC U A'TIO, Concavn'iio . An anterior gib- 
 bosity or projection of the sternum. 
 
 ARCUEIL-, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar- 
 cueil is about one league south of Paris. The 
 water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of limp, 
 sulphate bf limp, chloride of sodium, and some 
 deliquescent salts. 
 
 A celebrated society held its meetings at this 
 village,- of whichi BerthoUet, Humboldt, La 
 Place, &c., were members. 
 
 ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
 
 ARCUL^. Tl\e Orbitar Fossae: 7iosXi3e(. 
 — Rufus of Ephesus. 
 
 ARCULUS, diminutive of arcus, 'an afch.' 
 A small arch; a cradle, (qi' v.) (F.) ArceUu, Ar- 
 chet. A -semicircular box or baskpt used for 
 preventing the bed-clothes from coming in con- 
 tact with injured or diseased parts. An ordi- 
 nance of the Grand Buke of Tuscany forbade 
 mothers to sleep witla ap infant near them, un- 
 less it was put under a' solid cradle. 
 
 ARCUS. MEDULLARIS, Fornix— a. Seni- 
 lis, Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic alrch 
 — a. Superciliaris, Superciliary arches^— a. Un- 
 guium, Sep Nail-^a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic 
 arch. 
 
 ARDALOS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDAS, Excrement. 
 
 ARDENT, urdens, from ardere, ' to burn.' 
 
 Aedent Fever, (F.) Fiivre ardente. Tie 
 Oausus, Synocha, or inflammatoryj fever. 
 
 Ardent or Inflamed Eyes, (F.) y««a: ar- 
 dens. The eyes are so called when they are 
 injected red. ' 
 
 Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine 
 of a deep red. 
 
 ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 ARDEUR, Ardor — a. du Gumr, Cardialgia 
 — a. d'Estomac, -Ardor ventricuji, Pyrosis-^a. 
 de la Fievre, Ardor Feljrilis — a. d'tXrine, Ardor 
 Urinae., 
 
 A'R'DOR, (F.) Ardeur. Heat, (q. v.) A feel- 
 ing of burning, of violent heat; Mstus, JSstu- 
 a'tio, Cauio'ma. ' 
 
 Ahd'or Febbi'us, (F.) Ar^e^6r■lie 'la Mivre. 
 The hat period of fiev,er, 
 
 iARDOR Stomachi, Pyrosis. 
 
 Ardor Uei'nje, (F.) Ardeiir dWrime. A 
 scalding sensation occasioned iby -the urine in 
 passing over the inflamed mucous *nenibrine of 
 the utethra, or over Jhe neck ofthe'iljladder. 
 
 Ardor Venereus, Heat. 
 
 Ardor Ventrio'uli, Ebullifio Stdm/aehi, 
 (F.)Ardeuyd'Estemae. Heartburn. See Car- 
 dialgia and Pyrosis. 
 
 A'REA, ' a. void pl^ce.' A rLatin word used 
 by some authors to designate a variety of Alo- 
 pecia, in which the -hair changes colour, but 
 does pot fall off; also, Porrigo decalvans, .(q^. v.) 
 
 ARE'CA. TKb fruit, 4«*cos nut. Betel mtt,xi[ 
 Are'ca Cafgchti,-Cdwn'ga; Nat. Ord. Sairiaxi 
 Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia^ (F^) Aree, 
 is astringent and tonic, and entersinto thecom- 
 position of the Bptel, the ^eat masticatory ttf 
 the Orientals. 
 
 AREFAC'TION, Arefac'tio, S»eiw*s, from 
 arefacere, ' to make dry,' (arere, 'to .dry,' 'and 
 fdcere, ' to make.') The process of dryiligisnb- 
 stances, prior topulverization. 
 ' ARENA, see Gravel. 
 
 AREN AMEN, Bole Armenian. 
 
 ARENA 'TIO, CJiosis, Sandot Earth Bath; 
 from arena, 'sand;' Sabttrra'tio. The appli>. 
 cation of hot sand to the body. JPedilu'v'ia xi! 
 sand were formerly used in Ascites. 
 
 ARENO'SA URI'NA, Sam^ Urine. Urine 
 when it deposits a sandy sediment. 
 
 ARENO'SUS, Sabulous, (a- v.) Also, One 
 who passes ^andy urine. 
 
 A.RENULA,see Gravel. 
 
 ARE'OLA. A diminutive oi Areq,. Ana- 
 tomists understand by Areola, the ipterstices 
 between the fibres composing organs; or those 
 existing between laminae, or between vessels 
 which interlace with each other. 
 
 Areola is, also, applied to the coloured cir- 
 cle Hiilo, Halos., which Buirounds the nipjilej 
 Are'ola papilla'tis, and which becomes much 
 darker during pregnancy; as well as to the cir- 
 cle, surrounding certain vesicles, pustules, &c., 
 as the pustules, of the small-pox, the vaccine 
 vesicle, &c. Chaussier, in such cases, recom- 
 mends the word Aure'ola, (F.) A-ariole, Aire. 
 
 Areola Papillaris, see Areola. 
 
 ARE'OL AR, Areala'ris. Appertaining to an 
 areola. 
 
 Areolar Exhalations are those recremen- 
 titial secretions, which are effected within the 
 organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc- 
 tures, — as the aqueoiis, crystalline and vitreous 
 humours, &c. 
 
 Areolar Tissue,. Cellular Tissue. 
 
 AREOM'ETER, .Areeom'eter, GravimJemr, 
 Alcoolom'eter, Aerostat'ie Balance, from ajmo's, 
 ' light,' and ^tTgor, 'measure:' i. e. 'measure 
 'Of lightness.' An instrument, so called, be- 
 cause first employed to take the specific gravity 
 of fluids lighter than wate'r. The Areomeierof 
 Beaume, which is the most used in Pharmacy, 
 particularly in France,, consists of a tiibe of 
 glass, largely expanded towards its inferior ex- 
 tremity, • and' terminating, below, by a small 
 ba;ll, contaiping mercury or lead. Which serves 
 it as a balance, so that it may remain upright 
 m the fluid. This tube is furnished with a 
 graduated scale. If the fluid into which the 
 Areometer is plunged be heavier than water, 
 
ARES 
 
 7T 
 
 AR6ENTUM 
 
 the' instrument rises : if lighter, it sinks. There 
 are various Areometfera, as those of the Dutch, 
 of Fahrenheit, Nicholson, &c. The Ai^ameter 
 is also called Sydrom'eter, (F.) Afeometr^ 
 Pise^lig-ueur. 
 
 SCALE OF THE AREOIISTGR WITH COKSSSPOND- 
 INS SPECIFIC GBAVITJES. 
 
 1. Ascending Scale for light liquids. 
 Beaum^. 
 
 Scale of 
 Beau'm^, 
 
 Specific 
 
 60 
 .50 
 48 
 49' 
 
 4a 
 
 33 
 
 . sa 
 
 30' 
 
 35 
 93 
 
 Id. 
 
 Id. 
 
 •20 
 18 
 13 
 12 
 11 
 10 
 
 700- 
 
 713 
 
 742 
 
 782 
 
 792 
 
 819 j 
 
 8271 
 
 847 
 
 878 
 
 900 1 
 
 906 i 
 915 { 
 
 N. 
 
 933 
 
 Id.' 
 935 
 948J 
 980 
 986 
 993 
 lOOO 
 
 Substancea. 
 
 Pure hydrocyanic Bcid,-^6a^ Lus- 
 
 sac. 
 'Very pure sulphuric ether. 
 The same coDcentrated. 
 
 Equal parts of alcohol, and ether. 
 Very pure alcohol for pharjnaceuti- 
 
 calpurposes. 
 Pure alcohol. Naphtha. 
 Alcohol of coqi'mdrce^ 
 Essentia! oil of turpentine. 
 
 Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and 
 pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed with 
 an equal portion of Water. (Ro- 
 biguet.) 
 
 Acetic ether. 
 
 Nitric ether. ^ 
 
 Muriatic ather. 
 Liquid ammoiiia» 
 Olive oil. 
 
 Brandy. 
 
 Burgundy wine. 
 
 Bordeaux, wine. 
 
 Distilled water. ' 
 
 2. Deseemiing Scale for heavy li'gui^'s. 
 {Dutch.) 
 
 Scale of 
 Beaumfc 
 
 
 I 
 •2 
 »( 
 
 lo 
 
 12 
 20 
 
 l\ 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 45- 
 
 Id. 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 Specific 
 Gfrav'ts. 
 
 10(10 
 1007 ■) 
 1009)5 
 1014, 
 
 1032 
 
 10751 
 10913 
 1161 
 1180 ( 
 1210 ( 
 1261 
 
 1321 1 
 1384 1 
 1398 > 
 1454) 
 ad. 
 1532 
 1714 
 1847 
 .1946 
 
 Substances. 
 
 Common distilled water. 
 Distilled vinegar. 
 Cominon vinegar^ 
 Cow's milk. ^ . 
 
 Concentrated acetic acid. 
 
 Liquid hydrochloric acid. 
 
 Boiling syrup. 
 
 Cold syrup. 
 
 Common nitric acid. ' 
 
 Concentrated nitric acid. 
 
 Phosphoric acid for medical use. 
 
 Very concentrated sulphuric acid. 
 Very concentrated phosphoric acid. 
 
 ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to 
 designate the principle .on which depends the 
 form of mercury, stilphur, and salt> These the 
 alchyxnists regarded as the three bodies that 
 give birthjofevery other. 
 
 AR'ET'E, o^iTif, ' virtue.' Mental or corpo- 
 real vigoulr.— »Hippocrates. 
 
 A'REUS. A pessary mentioned by Paulus 
 ofjEgina. 
 
 AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, froma^yos, 
 'white.' Fos'sula, (F.) Encavure. A white 
 
 spot or ulceration of the eye. — Hippocrates. 
 See Leucoma. 
 
 ARGEM'ONS: MEXICA-NA, Thorn Poppy, 
 Prickly Pappy., Yellow Thistle. A native of 
 Mexicoj but naturalized in • most .parts of the 
 world. Nat. Qrd. PapaveraceiB. Sex. Syst. 
 Pol^ndria Monogynia. The juice resembles 
 gamboge, and has been used as a hydragogue. 
 The seeds are emplfayed in the 'West Indies as 
 a substitute for ipecacuanha. They are also 
 used as a cathartic. 
 
 ■ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A chalybeate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny : 
 used in cases of obstruction, jaxmdice, &c. 
 
 AP-GENT, Argentum — a. Ghlprure d', see 
 Argentum — a. Cy^t^ure d', see Argentum — a. 
 et d'A/mmiortiaque, chloture d',S6e Argentujai — 
 a. laduri <?% see Argentum, — a. Oiside.d', see 
 Argentum. 
 
 ARGENTERIA,.Potentilla anserina. 
 
 ARGENTI GHLaRIDUM, see Argentum 
 — a. et Ainmoniae chloridum, see Argentum — 
 a. et Ammonias chloruretum, see Argentum; — 
 a. et Ammoniae chloruretum, see Argentum — a. 
 Gyanidum, see Argentum — a. Cyanvuetum^ See 
 Argentum-^a. lodidum, see Argeptum — a. lo- 
 auretum, see Argentum. 
 
 Argen'ti Nitkas, Argen'tum Nipra'tium, Sal 
 drge^'tijArgentiMn, Nit'ricwm, (F.) Nitrate W Ar- 
 gent, Azotate d'.firgent. Nitrate of Silver. This 
 preparation is sometimes kept in csystals, the 
 Nitras Argen'ti in crystal'los concre'tus, Ni' 
 trate d'Argtrit crystallise of the Codex of Paris. 
 Luna potab'iUs, Cry stallilMns, Argen'tiemnit'- 
 ricwm cryst'allisa'tum, Nitras argenti erystaV- 
 linus, Nitrwm litna'rS, Hydraga^gum Bot'lei. 
 Generally, however,,it is in the fused state : and 
 it is this which is admitted into most Pharma- 
 copoeias, and which, besides the name Nitras 
 Ai-genti, is called JVi'tras argen'ti fusus, 
 Caus'ti'cUm luna'rS, Lapis inferna'lis, Argenf- 
 tum nit'ricwm fusum, anA Itmar caustic, (F.) 
 Nitrate d' argent. fondu, Pierre infernale. 
 
 In the Pharmacopceia^of the ITnited States, 
 it is directed to be prepared as follows; Take 
 of silver, in. small pietes, 3j.; nitric acidj f. gv. 
 distilled water, f. %!].. Mix the acid writh the 
 water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture 
 in a sand-bath; then gradually increase the heat, 
 SO that the resulting salt may be driedC Melt 
 this in a crucible over a 'gentle fire, and con- 
 tinue the heat until ebullition Ceases ; then im- 
 mediately pdur it into suitable moulds. , 
 
 ' The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and 
 eacharotic. ' It is given in.chorea, epilepsy, &c.; 
 locally, it is used in various cases as an eseha- 
 rotic. Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill, three 
 times a day. 
 
 When silver is combined with iodine, it is 
 said to have the same effect as the nitrate, and 
 not to produce' the slate colour of the surface, 
 which is apt to follow the protracted use of the 
 latter. ' 
 
 Ahgenti Oxidum, see Argentum. 
 ' ANGENTINEjiPotentilla, anserina. 
 
 ,ARGEN'TUM,.4r'g^r«*,froma5yo5,'white.' 
 Silver, Luna, Dia'na, (F.) Argent. A solid 
 metal of a shining white appearance; insipid; 
 inodorous; highly sonorous; malleable and duc- 
 tile; somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangu- 
 lar pyramids; fusible a liftle above a red heat, 
 and volatizable; s. g. -10.4. Not used at all in 
 medicine, unless in some places for silvering 
 
ARGILE OCHREXTSE pAlE 
 
 78' 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIA 
 
 pills. SiLVEE "LiEK^, Argen'tum folia,'tnm,\& 
 the state in which it is used for this purpose. 
 
 Arsentum Divi'sum; metallic silver, in very 
 fine powder, has been reconraiended internally 
 in syphilis. 
 
 The CbloeIde (_Arge9i'tf chlo'ridum, Argen'- 
 twm muriatHcuTiiy A, chtora't'um, A^ sali'twm, 
 Cklorure'tum Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or MWriate 
 of Silver, (F.) Chlorv^e d' Argent;) the Cta- 
 huret; the \aD\^^\Argen'l;i Id'di^um, Argen'- 
 tum loda'tum, Xodure'tum Arge'n'ti, lod'urit of 
 Silver, {¥ .'ylodured' Argent;) the OxidIe {Ar- 
 gen'ti oce'idtOm, Argen^tum oxyda'tUTn, (^.) Ox- 
 ide d' Argent, and the Chloride of Ammonia and 
 Silver {Argen'ti et Ammo'nia chlo'ridum, Ar- 
 gen'tvm, inuridt'icum armnimia'twm, Chlorure'- 
 twm Argen'ti et'Arruno'nicB, Chlo'ruret of Silver 
 and Ammonia, Anmnonio-chloride of Silver, (F.) 
 Chlorure d' Argent et d'Ammjmiaquei have been 
 used in syphilis. ^ At first, these different pre- 
 parations were administered iatralpptitally oii 
 the gvims ; the chloride, the cyanide and the io- 
 dide in the dose of l-12th of a grain ; the chloride 
 of silver and ammonia in the dose of 1 -14th of a 
 grain, and the oxide of silver and divided silver 
 in the dose of l-8th and l-4th of a grain. M. 
 Serre, of Montpellier, who made many trials 
 with them, soon found that these doses were too 
 small ; he. therefore iaised that of the chloride 
 to 1-lOth, and of the iodide to l-&th of a grain, 
 without any inconvenience resulting. The dose 
 of the other preparations was likewise increased 
 in a similar ratio. M. Serre extols the prepa- 
 rations of silver-^ used internally as well as 
 iatralepti'cally — as antisyphilitics, but they are 
 not to be depended upon. 
 
 The C'yanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'ti 
 Oyanure'tum, A, Cyan'idum,Argen'tum cyano-. 
 gena'tum, (F.) Cyanure d'argent, is thus di- 
 rectecl to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842.) 
 Argent, Nit. ,^xv. Acid 'Hydrocydri. Aq^, destil- 
 lat. aa Oj. Having dissolved the nitrate of sil- 
 ver in the water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and 
 mix them. Wash the precipitate with distilled 
 water and dry it. 
 
 Argentum Chloeatum, see ArgeBtum — a. 
 Cyanogenatum, see Argentum^a. Fugitivum, 
 Hydrargyrum — a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a. 
 lodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hydrar- 
 gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrargyrum — a. MuriatiT 
 cum, see Argentum— a. Muriaticum Ainmonia- 
 tum, see Ai?gentum — a. Oxydatum, see Argen- 
 tum— a. Salitum, see ^rgentum — a. Vivum, 
 Hydrargyrum. 
 
 AR6ILE OCJSTREUSE PALE,'Bolns Alh^ 
 
 ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia 
 — a. Bolus rubra, Bole Armenian— a. Ferruginea 
 Rubra, Bole Armenian — a. Kalisulphurica, Alur 
 men — a. Pallida, Bolus alba. 
 
 AsiaiLLA PuRA, Terra Alu'minis, T. hola'ris 
 seu argilla'cea pura, pure Argil, or Alumina, 
 Alumine faetice. This substance, wWch is pre- 
 pared by drying alum and exposing it, for 
 twenty or twenty-five minutes, to a ied Tieat, 
 until the sulphuric acid is driven off, has been 
 recommended, in indigestion aS antacid, as well 
 as in vomiting and diarrhcea accompanied with 
 acidity. The dose to a very young child is from 
 :5ss to gj.; to older children from gj to gij. 
 
 Arsilla Sulphurioa Alcalisata, Alumeii 
 — a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a. 
 Supersulphas alcalisatum, Alumen-^a. Vitrio- 
 lata, Alumen. 
 
 ARGQL, RED, PotassaB supertartras impnrus 
 —a. White, Potassae supertartras impurus. 
 ARGUMEI^TUM INTEGRITATIS, Hy- 
 
 men. . " ■! S rrii. 
 
 ARGY'RIA> from «-Viy^'"i> ' silver.' The 
 discoloration of the skin occasioned by the in- 
 ternal use cif nitrate of silver. 
 
 ARGYROCHiETA, Matricaria. 
 
 ARGYROPH'ORA, from aQyvQa?, ' silver,' 
 and q>eQm, ' I bear.' A name given, by Myrep- 
 sus, to an antidote which he regarded a? ex- 
 tremely precious. _ 
 
 ARGYRGTROPHEMA, Blanemanger. 
 
 ARGYRUS, Argentum. 
 
 ARHEUMAT'IC, .ilrAeMOTot'icMs, frSm a pri- 
 vative, and jru^io, ' fluxion or rheumatisms' One 
 without fluxion or rheumatisifl. ' 
 
 ^RIA, Cratffigus aria. 
 
 ARICI'NA, CMs'conin, Cusco-dnchonia, So 
 .called from Arica in South America, the place 
 where it is shipped. • An alkali, found in Cusco 
 Bark, which is very similar in many of its pro- 
 perties to Cinchonia. Cuzco was the ancient 
 residence of the Incas. 
 
 • ARIC'YMON, cLQixvfiBv, from agi, an inten-. 
 sive particle, and xmiv, ' to conceive.' A name 
 given to a female who conceives readily. — Hip- 
 pocrates. 
 
 ARIDE'NA. a Latin word employed to de- 
 signate the leanness bf any part. — EtfmUller, 
 Sauvages. ' " - , 
 
 ARID'ITY, Arid'itas, (F.) Ariditl, from 
 arere, '' to dry.' The French use the word 
 Aridite to • express the dryness of any organ, 
 and particulEirlyof the skin and tongue, when 
 such dryness is so great as to render the organ 
 rough to the touch. Aridite also means the 
 lanuginous appfearance of the hair in Some dis- 
 eases in which they seem covered with dust, 
 
 ARIBU'RA. Wasting, or emaciation of the 
 whole or of any part of the body.— Marasmus, 
 Atrophy, (q. v.) 
 
 AaiDURA Cordis, Heart, atrophy -of the. 
 
 ARIKA, see Spirit. 
 
 ARISTALTH^A, Althaea. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHI'A, from, aj/rros, 'very 
 good,' and ?io;i'e/a, ' parturition;' s'o called, be- 
 cause the different varieties were supposed to 
 aid parturitipn. Birthwort, (E.) Aristploehe. 
 Several varieties were once in use. 
 
 Aristoloohi'Ia Clemati'tis, Aristolqchi a 
 Vulga'risj Adra Riza, Aristolochi' a terJma, 
 (T.) Aristploehe ordinaire. Upright Birthieort. 
 The root has been considered stimulant and 
 emmenagogue, and as such has been used in 
 amenorrhoea, chlorosis, and cachexia. 
 
 Aristolochia Fabacea, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 Aeisto'lochi'a Longa and A. Rotiih'daj.(F') 
 Aristoloche iongue et ronde, Iiong and round 
 Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding. 
 
 Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Fistoloehi'a, 
 .Sristolochi'a polyrrhi' za. This variety, has an 
 aromatic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. 
 (F.) Aristoloche cre'nelee, . . 
 
 Aristolochi'a Serpenta'eia, Serpenta'riUi 
 Vipera'ria, Viperi'nd Virginia'na, . Colulri'na 
 Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'na, S. Vir- 
 giriia/na, (F.) Serpentaire et Jlristi^o'che ser- 
 pentaire de Virginie,, Coluvrine de Virginie, Vir- 
 ginia Snakexoot,.Sna'keroot Birthwort, Snake- 
 weed, Snagrel. Virtues — tonic, stimulant; 
 and, as such, employed in debility, interinit- 
 tents, &c. 
 
ARISTOLOCHIC 
 
 79 
 
 JlRRItRES N^RINES 
 
 Aristolochi'a Teiloba'ta, (F.) Aristoloche 
 trilobde. A plant of Surinam and Jamaica; 
 possessing the general vjrtues of the Aristolo- 
 chiae. The o&ei varieties of Aiistolochia 
 have similar properties. 
 
 ARISTOLdCH-'IC, Mistoheh'ipis. Same 
 etymology. An old term far, remedies sup- 
 posed to have the property of promoting the 
 flow of the lochia— Hippocrates, "fheophrastus, 
 Bioscorides, &c. 
 
 ARIS'TON MAGNUM and ARISTON PAR- 
 VUM. These names were formerly given to 
 pharmaceutical, pireparations, used in phthisis, 
 tormina, and fever. — Avicenn^. 
 
 ARISTOPHANEI'ON. A sort of emollient 
 plaster, prepared With four pounds of pitch, two 
 of apoehyma, one of wax, an punc? of opopo- 
 nax, and half a. pint of vinegar.— Gorrsus. Npt 
 used. ' 
 
 ARKANSAS, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 About ff miles from the Washita river, and 
 sibout a quarter of a degree north of the Lou- 
 isiana line, there are 70 of those springs. They 
 are thermal, upwards of 100° Fainenheit, and 
 are employed in rhejpoatism, cutaneous affeC' 
 tions, &c. 
 
 ARLApA, Realgar. 
 
 ARLES, mineral WATERS OF. Ther 
 naal sulphureous springs in the departmeint of 
 Pyrenees Orientates, France.. Their tempera- 
 ture is l03° to 1 45° of Fahr., and they contain 
 sulphohydric acid. 
 
 ARMj Brachium. 
 
 ARMA, Penis — a. Ventris, Penis. • 
 
 ARMAMFNTARIUM, Arsenal— a. Chirur- 
 gicum, see Arsenal. 
 
 ARMATORY UNGUEN T, Hoplochrysraa. 
 
 ARMATURA, Amnios. , 
 
 ARME, ig^i;, from aj t», 'I adapt.' Any phy- 
 siological or mechanical junction or union of 
 parts. — Hesychius. A suture,. as of the cra- 
 nium.-r-Galen. 
 _ ARMENIACA MALUS. The Apricot. See 
 Bruniis. 
 
 ARMENIAN STONE,. Melochites. 
 
 ARMENITES, Melochites. 
 
 ARMILL^ MANUS MEMBRANOS^, 
 Annular ligaments of the carpus. 
 
 AJiMOISEBLANCHE,A.rtem\sja.Tv.^est.i\s 
 — a.Commune^ A rtemisia vulgaris — a.Esiragon, 
 Artemisia dracuuculus-^a. Ordinaire, Artemi- 
 sia vulgaris. 
 
 ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 ARMORA'GIA. In the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 United States, the fresh root of the Cochlearia 
 armoracia. 
 
 ARMOUR, Condom. > 
 
 ARMURE Df:S JA^BES, see Cornu am- 
 monis. 
 
 ARMUS, Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion. 
 
 AR'NICA MONTA'NA. Derivation uncer- 
 tain. Arnica, Leopard's Sane, Doron'icvm, 
 Ger-'man'icimb, Alis'irna, Ac"yrus, Diuret'ica, 
 Arnica Plauen'sis, Panace'a lapso'rwm, Ptar^- 
 mica ^onta'na, Caltha seu Calen'dula Alpi'na, 
 (F.) AHiique,. Betoine dps Moittagnes, Tabac 
 des. Vosges^ Taiac ou Betoine des Savoyards, 
 Doranio d'Allemagne. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polygamia superflua. Nat: Ord. Synanthereae. 
 The plant and flower, are considered, or have 
 been considered, narcotic, stim.ul,ant, emmena- 
 gogue, &c. ; and, as suc)h have, been given in 
 amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affections. 
 
 rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, &c. DoBe,.gr. v 
 to X in powder. In large doses, it is delete- 
 rious. 
 
 AiENioA Spceia, Inula dysenterica — a. Sue- 
 densis. Inula dysenterica. 
 
 ARNOPLOSSUM, Plantago. 
 
 ARO'MA, 4r'iy«»a, 'perfume:' (agi, 'very,' 
 and od|K^ or oS/ir], 'odour,') Spir'itus Rector, 
 (F.) Arome. The odorous part of plants. An 
 emanation — frequently imponderable, from bo- 
 dies — which acts on the organ of smell, and va- 
 ries with the body exhaling it. 
 
 AROMAT'IC, Aromat'icus, (F.) Aromate. 
 Any odoriferous substance obtained "from the 
 vegetable kingdom, which contains -much vola- 
 tile oil, or a, .light and expansible resin. Aro- 
 inatics are used in perfumes, in seasoning, and 
 embalming. In medicine they are erhployed 
 as stimulants. Ginger, .cinnamon, cardamoms, 
 mint,' &c., belong to this class. 
 
 AROMATOPO'L A, from a^an<t, ' an odour,' 
 and nuXew,'! seM.' An apothecary .or drug- 
 gist. One who sells spices. 
 
 AROPH. A barbarous word, which had va- 
 lious significations with the ancients. Para- 
 celsus employed it to designate a lithohtriptic 
 remedy. The.mand'ragora, according to some. 
 Also, a mixture of bread, saffron and wine. — 
 Van Helmpnt. ' . 
 
 Aeoph Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 ARQUEBUSAJDE EJTTD',Aquatramnat'- 
 ictf Thede'nii, Ag^a Thedia'na, Aqua sclopeta'- 
 rid, 'Aq.ua nulrpera'ria, Aqua catapultafrum, 
 Mietu'ra vulnera'ria ac"idd. A sort of vulne- 
 rary water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic 
 plants.. (Rosemm-y ffiiss\ millefoil, thyme, each 
 Bss. Proo/-spiW< 2, gallons--distil a gallon. 
 This is One form.) , , . 
 
 ARRABON, Arraphon. 
 
 ARRACHEMENT, (F.) from arracher, ' to 
 tear out,' Apospas^ma, Ahrup'tioi Avul'sib. Act 
 of separating a part «f the body by tearing it 
 from the bonds connecting it with others. Evul- 
 sion .(q. v.) Laceration (q^y.) 
 
 Arrachement 'is applied to certain operations, 
 as to the extraction of a' tooth, the, extirpation 
 of a polypus, &c. ' ' 
 
 ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit. 
 
 AR'RAPHON, Ajr'rabon, froln a, priv. and 
 J091), ' a suture,' — ' without suturer* A "term 
 applied to the cranium when it presents no su- 
 tures. ' ■- ' , 
 
 ARRECTIO, Erection.. 
 
 ARREPTK), Insanity". 
 
 ARRESTA BOVJS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 ARRET D'HILDAN, Remora Hildani. 
 
 ARRETE-BCEUF, Ononis sphiosa. 
 
 ARRHCEA, from a, privative, and gsm, ' I 
 flow.' The Suppression of any flux. Ame- 
 norrhcea, Cq. v.) 
 
 ARRHOSTEMA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTENIA, Disease. 
 
 ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity., 
 
 ARRHYTHMUS, Cacorrhythmus. 
 
 ARRIiB,E-BOUCHE, fha.xyxi.x—a.-Dent, 
 See TiexAiiioa^^a.-Faix, Secundines. 
 
 ■ ARRlkRE-aOUT, (F.) ' aftfer taste.' The 
 taste left by' certain bodies in the mputh for 
 some time after .they have been swallowed, 
 Owing probably to . the papillse of the inouth 
 having imbibed the savoury substance. 
 
 ARRIMRES NARINES, Nares, poste- 
 rior. 
 
JRROCSE 
 
 80 
 
 ARSENICUM ALBUM 
 
 ARROCHE, Atriplex hortensis— a. Fadnt, 
 Chtoopodium vtilvaria. 
 
 ARROSEMENT, Aspersion. 
 
 ARROW POISON. This differs with dif- 
 ferent tribes of Indians. ^ By some, the pbisph 
 capsicum, and infusions of a strong kind of to- 
 bacco, Bhd of euphorbiacese are mixed together, 
 with the poisonous emmet, and the teeth of the 
 formidable serpent, called by the Peruvian In- 
 dians Miuamaru of Jergoh, — Laehesis pieta of 
 Tschudi. 
 
 ARROW ROOT, Fee'iila Marim'ta. The 
 fecula of the rhizoma of Maran'ta Aruhdina'cea, 
 which, like' ail fecttlaB, is emollient and nutri- 
 tive, when prepared Tfrith watery milk, &c. 
 
 Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow- 
 root \i derived ftom Za'mid vnttgrifo'lia or Zi 
 'pu'mila^ Sugar pine; Bermu*da arrow root being 
 obtained from Maranti arundina-cfea. Flo^i^a 
 arrow root as well as the farina^ is known in 
 the Southern States under the name Coorlti or 
 CadnHe, 
 
 Akeow Root, Bbazjuan. The fecnia- of 
 Jatropha Manihdt. ' 
 
 Aerow Root, Common, see Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 AKiiow Root, E«.st Isbian. The fecula, of 
 the tubers of Curcuma angustifplia or narrow- 
 leaved Turmeric. 
 
 A ERow Root, Ei»g(.ish, Arrow root, commbn. 
 
 ARS CABALISTICA,, Cabal— a. Chymia- 
 trifia, Chymiatria — a^ Clys'matica nova. Infusion 
 of medicines — a. Coquinaria, Culinary art — a. 
 Cosmetica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary 
 art — a'. Empifica, Empiricism, — a. Hermetica, 
 Chygiistry — a. HomoeopatWca, Homoeopathy — 
 a. HydriatricajHydrosudotherapeia-^a. Infuso- 
 ria, Infusion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Me- 
 dicina — a. Majorum, Chymistry — a. Me3ica, 
 Medicina — a. Obstetricia, Obstetrics— ^ a. Sa- 
 nandi. Art, h^aling;^-a. Separatoria, Chymistry 
 — a. Spslgirica, Chymistry — a. Veterinaria, Ve- 
 terinary Art — a. Zoiatrica, Vetfeririary Art. 
 
 ARSALTOS, Asphaltum. 
 
 ARSATUM, Nymphomatiia. 
 
 ARSEN.3L (F.) Chirapothe'ca, Jlrmamen- 
 ta'rium, A. chirur'gityum. A collection of sur- 
 gical instruments. A work containing a de- 
 scription of surgical instruments. 
 
 ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'ia's. A salt formed 
 by a combination of arsenic acid with a salifi- 
 able base. 
 
 Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Amm6' 
 niee, Am/hio'niv/nh Arsen'icum, (F.) Arseniate 
 d' Armnoniaque. This preparation is highly ex- 
 tolled in cutanebiis diseases. ' A grain of the 
 salt may be dissolved in an ounce of distilled 
 water, and 20, to 25 drops be commenced with 
 as a dose. 
 
 Arseniate of Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri,'Ferru'm 
 Jlrsenia'twm, F. Arsen'icum oxydtcla'twrn^ (F.) 
 Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been 
 applied externally to cancerous ulcers., An 
 ointment may be made of J5S3 of the' arseniate, 
 ^ij of the phosphate of iron, and jvj of sperma- 
 ceti ointment. The arseniate has also been given 
 internally in cancerous affections, in the dose' 
 of one-sixteenth of a grain. 
 
 Arseniate of Peotox'ide oe Potas'siuk, 
 Frato-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of 
 Potassa, Arsen'ias Potassfe,Arsenias Kali, Pro- 
 perties the same as those of arsenious acid. 
 
 AR'SENIC, Arsen'icum. A solid metal; of a 
 
 steel-gray colour; granular texture; very brit- 
 tle; volatilizing before melting; very combus- 
 tible and acidifiable. Jt is not dangerous of it- 
 sel/, and only becomes so,, by virtue of the fa- 
 cility" with which it absorbs pxygen. 
 
 AlSSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album. 
 
 Arsenic, Iodide of,- Arsen'ici lo'didum,- A. 
 lodure'iimt, ArseH'ieum loda'tum. This pre- 
 parati^, applied externally^ has been highly ex- 
 tolled'by Biett in various cutaneous affections. 
 The. ointment he uses . contains three'' grains of 
 iodide to §j of lard. 
 
 Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album^^. 
 Qxidte of. White, Arsenicum album — a. White, 
 Arsenicum album. . - • 
 
 ARsfeNic AND Mercury, Iodide or, Sydrar'- 
 gyri et Arsen'ici lo'di'dum.JDouhle I'ddide of 
 Mer'ciiry and Ar'senii^ lodo-ars'enite of Mer'r 
 cury. A compound, which has been proposed 
 as more efficeicious than either the iodide of ar- 
 senic or the iodide of mercury. It is made by 
 trituratinig 6i08 grains of metallic lirsenic; 14.82 
 grains of 'merettr^; 4S of iodine j with a fluidrachm 
 of ideohol, uhtil.the mass has become dry, apd 
 floni being deep brawn has becoine pale red. 
 Eight ounces of distilled water sire poured on, 
 and- after trituration for a few moments, the 
 whole is transferred to a flask j. half a drachm 
 of hydriodic add, prepared by the acidification 
 of two grains of iodine is added, and the mix- 
 ture is boiled for a few moments. When the 
 solution is cold,.m£ike the mixture up tof. §viij 
 with distilled water. This is called by Mr. 
 Donovan, the proposer, Jjiquor Arsen'ici et Sy- 
 d'rat'gyri lo'didi, each drachOi (rf which by 
 nieasuie consists of water gj, arsenious acid 
 gr. l-8th; peroxide of metcury gT. I-<lth, iodine 
 converted into hydriodic acid gr. 3-4ths. The 
 dose, of this, Dimovan's Solution, is. fromiij^. 
 XV to f. gss two or three times a day. 
 
 It has been used successfully in inveterate 
 cutaneous diseases. 
 
 ARSEN'ICAL PASTE,(F.) Pdte Arsenicale. 
 This application to cancers is formed of 70 
 parts (rf einmabdr, 22 of dragon's hlood, and S 
 of arsenious acid; made into a paste with sa- 
 liva, when about to be applied. 
 
 ARSENICI lODIDUM, Arsenic, Iodide of— 
 a. loduretum. Arsenic, Iodide of. 
 
 ARSENICISMUS, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'Ks. 
 Poisoning by arsenic. 
 
 ARSEN'ICUM ALBUM; WTiite Ar'sphie, 
 Oitide of Ar'senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici ox'ydum 
 album. Calx Arsen'i'tii alba, Ac"idwm Arsenica - 
 sum, A. Arsenio' sum (Ph. U. S.^ 'Arsen'ious 
 'add, WTtite ocdde of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blanc. 
 An acid which is met with iii commerce, in 
 compact, white, heavy, fragile, masses ; of a 
 vitreous aspect, opake, and covered with a 
 white dust: of an acrid and nauseous taste; 
 without smell when, cold; volatilizable by heat, 
 and exhaling the odour of garlic: soluble in 
 water, alcohol and oil ; crystallizable in regu- 
 lar octahedrons. It is this that -is meant by 
 the name Arsenic, as commonly used. 
 
 Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed 
 Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in me- ■ 
 dicine. It is tonip and . escharotic, and is the 
 most virulent of mineral poisons. It is used 
 in intermittents, periodical headachs, neuroses, 
 &c. Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in pill. 
 See Poisons, Table of. 
 
 Aesenicum IodatuM, Arsenic, Iodide of. 
 
ARSENIS POTASS^ 
 
 81 
 
 JlRTkRE 
 
 Akseotcum RoBiiuM FAOTiTirM, Realgar. 
 
 ARSEI^IS POTASSjE, Arsenlte of protox- 
 ide of potassium—- a. Potassae /aquosus, Liquor 
 arsenicalis— ra. Potassse liquidus, Liquor ar^e- 
 nicalis. ' ^ ' 
 
 AR'SENITE, Jfr'senis. A salt, formed:by a 
 combination of the arsehious acid with a salifi- 
 able base. 
 
 Ab'senite op Protox'ide of Potas'sium,- 
 Proto-ar'. senile of.Potas'sium^ Ar'senite of^JPo' 
 tassa, Ar'senis Patasse^: An uncrystallizable 
 and colourless salt, which forms the basis of 
 the liquor arsenicalis, which see. 
 
 ARSE-SMART, Persicaria— a. Biting, Poly- 
 gonum hy'dropiper. ' , ' 
 
 ART, HEALING, ^rs Sanan'di, Medid'na, 
 (q. y.) The appropriate application of the pre- 
 cepts of the best physicians, and of tie results 
 of experience to tJie treatment of disease. 
 
 Art, Veteeinaky, Veterinary art. 
 
 AR'TABE, dgTa/iii. Name of a ineasure for 
 dry substances, in use with the ancients, equal 
 at times, to, 5 modii : at others, to 3 ; and af 
 others, again, to 7.:— ©alen. 
 
 ARTA^fTHE ELONGATA, ?ee Matico. 
 
 ar'telsheim, mineral waters of. 
 
 These German waters have been much- re- 
 commended in hysteria, gout, l)alsy, &c. 
 Their physical or chemical properties have not 
 been.described. v 
 
 AKTEMIS'IA, Aaiacti'rion. Called after a 
 queen of the name, who first employed it; or 
 from AfT!|iiif, ' Diana;' because it was foriiierly 
 used in diseases of women, over whom she pre- 
 sided. The' Gauls called it Sriciimum. 
 
 AetSmis'ia Abeot'anum, Abrot'cmmiPjAirot'- 
 onwnij Ahrot'anwm Ca^kswm^ Ahrot'a/nwm mas, 
 Abtath'ali, South' arnwood, Qldman, (F . ) Aurone, 
 Aurone male) Aurone des jardins, Garderobe, 
 Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed of stimu- 
 lant properties. 
 
 Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Ahrot'ani, (F.) 
 Huile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper- 
 ties of the t>lantj 
 
 Abtemis'ia . Absin'thitjm, Absin'thiwm, ■ Ab- 
 ^n'thiuTui vul^a'fi, Apin'thiwm, Baryj^'cron, 
 Coj^pion Worfmffoad, (F.) Absinthe. Proper- 
 ties: — ^tonic and antjielmintic. The'Oi7 of 
 Wormwood, O'leum Absin'thii, (F.) Huile d' Ab- 
 sinthe, contains the aroinatic virtues of the plant. 
 
 Artemisia Botbys, Chfenc^dium'^ ambro- 
 sioides. 
 
 AniEMrs'iA CaMpes'tris, Field Southern- 
 wood, (F.) Aurone des Champs. This possesses 
 the same properties as A. Ahrot'anwm. 
 
 Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo- 
 trys. ' . " 
 
 Artemisia ChinensiS, A. In'dica, A. Moxa. 
 From this the Chinese form their moxas. 
 
 Abtemis'ia Dbacun'culits, ITor'ag-ow, (F.) 
 Armoise estragan. , Virtues : — the same as the 
 last. ■ ■ 
 
 Abtemis'ia GlaciA'lis or Si7;^ Wormwood; 
 
 Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A. 
 santonica; 
 
 Artemis'ia Marit'ima, Absin'thiiwt Mdrit'- 
 imtim,Sea Worm/ufood,J\Taritime Southernwood; 
 
 Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis;' 
 and 
 
 Abtemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Roma'na, Absin- 
 thium Pon'ticum seu Roma'nilm, Roman Worm- 
 wood, liesser Wormwoqd i^^&siss like virtues; 
 — as well as 
 
 AbtSmis'ia Rupes'teis, Creeping Wormwood, ' 
 Gen'ipi album, (F.)Ar7noise blano, Genipiblanc. 
 This variety' has aromatic virtues, and is used 
 in intermittents, and in amenorrhosa. 
 
 Abtemis'ia Santon'ioa, Sanion'ieum, Arte- 
 mis'ia contra, Semen contra Vermes, Semen con- 
 tra, S. Zedoa'ricB, Canni Herba, Chamaiedris, 
 Chamcecyparis'su^, Semen Gina, Hagiosper'' 
 mum. Sanctum S6men, Absin'thitim Santon'- 
 iewm, Sementi'na, Xantoli'na, Scheba Ar'abum, 
 Art^Ttds'ia Juda'ica, Sina seu Ci^a Levan'tiea, 
 Wormseed, Tartarian Southernwo'od', (F.) JBar- 
 botine. Virtues : — antheliiiintic and stimulant. 
 Dose, gr. x. to gj in jtowder. 
 
 Abtemis'ia Vtjlga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et 
 alba, Cin'gidum Sancti Joam'nis, Mater Herba'- 
 rum, Rereniseeum, Rubasteeofdiumi, Ccmapa/- 
 ciajMugwort, (F.) Armdise ordinaire, A. Com- 
 mune, He'rbe de Saint Jean. ThiSj as well as 
 some other varieties, possesses the general tonic 
 virtues of the Atteraisiae. The Artemisia vul- 
 garis has been highly extpUed by the Germans 
 in cases of epilepsy. Dose of the powder in 
 the 24 hours from gss to gj. 
 
 ARTiRE, Artery — a. Brachial, Brachial ar- 
 tery— o. Brachio-ciphalique, Innominata arteria 
 — a. Bronehigue, Bronchial artery''— a. Cilian/re, 
 Ciliary artery — a. ClUorienne: see Clitoris—^. 
 CtBcale : see Colic arteries — a. Collaterale du 
 coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — 'a. Col- 
 laterale exteme', Arteria profunda humeri — -a. 
 Collaterale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ra- 
 mus — a. Coronaire des /e«r«*. Labial artery — a. 
 . Coronaire Stomachique, Coronary artery — a. 
 Qrurale, Crural artery — a. Denxieme des thora- 
 cigiies, Arteria thoracica externa inferior — a. 
 £pineuse'. Meningeal artery, middle — a. Pemo- 
 ropoplitie, Ischia;tic artery — a. Fessilre, Gluteal 
 artery — a. Gastrique droite,, petite, Tyloric ar- 
 tery — a. Gutturo-maxillaire, Maxillary artery, 
 internal — a. HonteUse exteme, Pudic, externail, 
 artery — a. Honteuse interne, Piidic, internal, ar- 
 tery — ti. Hxi/merale profonde, Arteria profunda 
 humeri— ^a. Iliaque primitive. Iliac artery — a. 
 Inngminee, Innominata arteria — a. Irienne, Ci- 
 liary artery — a. Ischio-penienne : see' Pudic, in- 
 ternal, artery — a. Midiame! anterieure. Spinal 
 artery, anterior — a. ~Mediane ■ posterieiir^ du 
 raekis.. Spinal artery, posterior^a. "Sf emmg-^e 
 OToyemKejMepingealdrtery, middle — a. Menton- 
 «»'c?*e,Mental foramen — a. Wesociphalique, Basi- 
 lary artery — a. Mesocolique : see Cqlic a'rtery — 
 a. Mufculaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri 
 — a. Musaulairedu bxas,grande : see Collateral 
 arteries of th0 arin-^ai. Musculaire gramd-e dela 
 cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris — a. Opistho- 
 gastrique, Cceliac artery-r-^as, Orbitaire, Oph- 
 thalmic artery — a. de I'Ovaire, Spermatic arte- 
 ry — a. Pelvi-crurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi- 
 cmirale. Iliac artery — a. Felvienne, Hypogastric 
 artery — a.Frs/miredesthoradiques,A.rteri3.iho- 
 racica externa -superior — «. Radio-fiarpienne 
 transversale «a;/-OTaire,'Tladi6-carpal artery — a. 
 Scrotale, Pudic, ejcternal,' artery — a. Sous^cla- 
 viire. Subclavian artery — a. Sous-pubio-femo- 
 rale, Obturjitor artery — a.Sons-pubienne,VvA\c, 
 internal,-artery — a. Sous-sternal jMamraaiy, in- 
 ternal — a. Sphino-epineuse, Meningeal artery, 
 middle — d^ Stomogastriqiie, Coronary artery — ' 
 a. Sus-carpienne,see Sus-carpien — a. Sus-max- 
 illaire. Alveolar artery— a. Sus-maxillaire,^uc- 
 cal artery — a. Sus-Metatarsienne, Metatarsal 
 artery — a. Sus-puhienne, Epigastric artery — a. 
 
ARTERSi 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 Testieulcdre, Spermatic artery — a. Thoracigtee 
 humerale. Acromial artery — a. Tracheloeervical, 
 see Cerebral arteries — a. Trqchanterienne, Cir- 
 cumflex artery of the thighs— a. Troisiime des 
 thoraeiques. Acromial artery — a. Tympanique, 
 Auditory artery, external — a.'Uveale, see Cili- 
 ary artery — d. Vulvaire, Pudic, external, artery. 
 
 ARTERIA, Artery— a. Ad, Cutem Abdo- 
 minis, see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria)-:-a. 
 Anonyma, Iniipminata artery — a. Aspera, Tra- 
 chea-^— a, Cerebralis, Carotid, internal— ^a. Cer- 
 vicalis, Basilary artery-^-a. Coronaria dextra, 
 Pyloric artery — a. Crassa, Aorta— a. Externa 
 cubiti, Ra'diS.1 artery — a. Dorsalis m'etacarpi. 
 Metacarpal artery— a, Durae matris media max- 
 ima. Meningeal artery, middle-^^a. Encgphalica, 
 Carotid, internal— a. Gfastrica superior. Coro- 
 nary artery — a. Ilio-colica : see Colic arteries 
 — a. Iliaca intetna. Hypogastric artery — a. Ili- 
 ica posterior. Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, 
 Aorta — a. Magna poUicis, Princeps poUicis-^a. 
 MallSolaris externa: see Tibial arteries— ;a. 
 Mallgolaris interna: pee Tibial arteries — a. Mam- 
 maria externa, A. Thoraeipa externa, inferior 
 — a. Maxima, Aorta — a. Media anastomotica : 
 see Colic arteries — a. Meningaea media. Menin- 
 geal artery, middle — a. Muscularis femoris, A. 
 Profunda- femoris — a. Pharyngea suprema. Pte- 
 rygoid artery-^a. Profunda cerebri : see Cere- 
 bral arteries — a. Pudenda communis, Pudic, in- 
 ternal, artery— a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, ar- 
 teryj— a. Ramulus ductus Pterygoidei, Pterygoid 
 artery — a. Spheno-spinosa, Meningeal artery, 
 middle — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri — a. 
 Sternalis, Mammary, intern^l-^a. Supra-orbi- 
 talis. Frontal artery-^a. Sylviana : see Cerebral 
 arteries—a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris. Sca- 
 pular artery, inferior — a. Thoracica humeralis. 
 Acromial artery — a. - Transversalis colli: see 
 Cerebral arteries — a". Transversalis humeri. 
 Scapular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital 
 artery — a. Uterinahypogastrica, Uterine artery 
 — a. Vasts, posterior, A. Profunda femoris. 
 
 ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'acu's. A medicine pre- 
 cribed in diseases of the windpipei Also arte- 
 rial, (q. V.) ■ 
 
 . ARTE'RI^ ADIPO'SiE. The arteries -which 
 secrete the /at about the kidneys are sometime? 
 so called. They are ramifications of the capsular, 
 diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries. 
 
 Arteri*; ApopLECTiCiE, Carotids — a. Capi- 
 tales, Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries — a. 
 Corporis callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a. 
 Jugulares, Carotids — a. Lethargicae, Carotids — 
 a; Mesolobicae, Mesolobar arferies — a. Prae- 
 parantes. Spermatic arteries— ra. Somniferae, 
 Carotids-— a. Sbporales, Carotids^-d. Soporariae, 
 J Carotids— a. Venosae, Pulmonary veins. 
 
 ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'sus. 
 longing to arteries. 
 
 Arterial Blood, (F.) Sang arttriel. Red 
 blood is so called because contained in the arte- 
 ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con- 
 tain red blood: hence .the name arterial veins, 
 (F.) Veines artirielles, applied to them. 
 
 Arte'rialDuct, Caria'lis a,rUrio'sus, Ductus 
 arterio'sus, D. Botalli, (F.) Canal arteriel, C. 
 Fulmo-aortique, is the portion of the piilmona;ry 
 artery, which terminates in the aorta in the 
 fcEtus, When this duct is obliterated after 
 birth, it is called .lirifeViffi/ Ligament, (F.) lAga- 
 tnent art^rieL 
 
 Arterial System includes all the arteries, 
 
 from their origin in the hear.t to. their termina- 
 tion in the organs. See Vascular. Systeni. 
 
 ARTERIALIZATIpN OF THE BLOOD, 
 HaBmat6sis. 
 
 ART^RIARCTIE, fiom agTrgm, 'artery,' 
 andarcio,'! straiten.' Contraction of an artery. 
 
 ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.- 
 
 ARTERIECTOP'IA, froin «fTii?<«> ' artery,' 
 and tuToroc, 'out of .place.' Dislocation of an 
 artery. - " : . 
 
 ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism. • 
 
 ARTERIITIS, Arteritis. 
 
 ARTERIODIALTSIS, see Aneurism. 
 
 ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriogra'pUaS from 
 ajTUf i!t, ' artery,' and yfn^rt, ' a description,' A 
 description of the arteries. ' ' 
 
 ARTERIOLA. - A small, artery. 
 
 ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolog'ia,\fr'ora afm- 
 gia, ' artery,' and Miyof , 'a discourse.' A trea- 
 tise on the arteries. 
 
 ARTE'RIO-PlTUaTOUS. An epithet ap- 
 plied to vessels which creep^ along the interior 
 of the nostrils.— Ruy^ch. 
 
 ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism. 
 
 ARTERIOS'IT A«, froii} Arteriai, ' an artery.' 
 A condition of the Blood in which it preserves 
 in the veins the arterial character. — The oppo- 
 site to V-cnogitas. 
 
 AbtSriositas Sahguinis, Praedominium san- 
 guinis arteriosi. 
 
 ARTERIOSTEIEr from .apm/iia, 'artery/ 
 and otriTjoy, ' a bone.' Ossification of an artery 
 — Piorry. 
 
 ARTERIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from a^n- 
 tia, ' an artery,' and ii/Ara, 'T cut.' This word 
 has been used for the dissection, of arteries. 
 
 tee 
 
 Most commonly, however, it means a surgical 
 operation, which consists in opening an artery, 
 to draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chiefly 
 used in inflammatory affeetions of the head, 
 when the blood is generally obtained from the 
 temporal artery. See Blood-letting. 
 
 ARTERl'TISyilrfem'tii, Inficmma'tio Arte- 
 ria'rum, (F.) Artirite, InflaMmation des (trtires; 
 from agTijgia, ' an artery,' and 'itis, a terminer 
 tion denoting inflammation,. Inflammation of 
 an artery. Inflammation of the, inner coat of 
 the artery is termed Endo-arteri'iis, or Endo- 
 narteri'tis; of the outer, Exo~arteri'tis Qr. Ex- 
 arteri'tis. 
 
 AR'TERY, Arte'ria, (F.) Artire, from «i^, 
 'air,' and rij^tiv, ' to preserve,' quasi, 'recejjta- 
 cle of air,' because the ancients believed that it 
 contained air. They, at first, gave the name 
 Artery to the trachea, a|Tti5ta Tea/;ia, Ijecause 
 it is filled with air; and afterwards they used 
 the same term for the arteries, properly so 
 called, probably because they comniorily found 
 them empty in the dead body. We find, also, 
 a>\t|?if to designate the arteries, called by the La- 
 tins Vents mican'tes pulsat'iles. Arteries, with 
 the moderns, signify that order of vessels, which 
 arise from the two ventricles of the heart, and 
 have valves- only at their origin. They are cy- 
 lindr-ical, firm, and elastic canals; of a yellow- 
 ish white colour; little dilatable; easily lace- 
 rable; and formed, 1. Of an external; laminated 
 or cellular mehibrane, of a dense and close cha- 
 racter. 9. Of ^ middle coat composed of fibres, 
 which does not, however, contract on the appli- 
 cation of the galvanic stimulus; and 3iOf an 
 inner coat, which is thtn, diaphanous, reddish, 
 and polished. 
 
ARTERY 
 
 83 
 
 ARTERY 
 
 The use of the arteries is to carry the blood 
 froqa the heart to the various, parts of the sys-. 
 tem. It will be obvious, however, that they 
 cannot aH convey arteHal blood.. The pulmo- 
 nary artery, for example, is destined to convey 
 the venous -\i\oo^ to the lungs, there to be con- 
 verted into arterial; whilst the pulmonary veins 
 convey arterial Hood back to the heart 
 
 A. JJxil- 
 taria. 
 
 TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THE BODY. 
 
 AU the other arteries take their rise from the 
 Pulmonary Artery, or the Aorta : and the names 
 generally indicate, the parts to which they are 
 distributed. 
 
 I. Arteria PuLmonaris. 
 
 The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right 
 ventricle, 'and soon divides into a right and left 
 branch, one of which .is distributed to each liing. 
 
 II. ArterIa Aorta. 
 The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is 
 the common trunk of the arteries of the body, 
 and miy be divided into five portions. 
 
 a. Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its origifi. 
 
 1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior. 
 
 2. A. pardiaca. or coronaria posterior. 
 
 b. Arteries furnished, hy the Aorta at its arch. 
 Thfe arch -of the Aorta gives off, to' the left, 
 
 two considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea 
 primitiva^ and A. subcl'avia; and, to the right, a 
 single trunk, 'which is larger — the A.innomi- 
 nata, or 'Brachio-cephdlicai, which divides into 
 the primitive carotid and subclavian, 
 
 Af Artbrta. Card- ( Dividesinto A. Oarutidea external 
 TiDBA pRiMTTivA. ( A. CaFQtidea interna. 
 
 f Furnishes, I, ^. Thyroidea svperiar. 
 2. A. lingvaliM,, which gives off the A. dorsa- 
 ■lislirigiite and A. sublingualis 
 I 3. A. facialis or ..tf. Maxillaris 'extermay 
 which furnishes the A. palaiina infe- 
 rior,, the A. submentaliSj'and A.coro- 
 narin^ superior, and inferior. 
 4. A, occipitalis, which gives off the A', mag- 
 
 loidea posterior. 
 5- A- awicvlaris posterior^ whiclj gives off 
 A. Btylo-nbasioidea. 
 t 6. A. pharynvea inferior. 
 The external carotid ultimately divides into the tem 
 poral artery and internEd maxillary. 
 
 a.A.Ca- 1 
 rotidea - 
 externa. 
 
 1. A,i 
 
 'entpO' -| 
 •aiis* I 
 
 Tempt 
 ralis 
 
 S. A. 
 
 MaxiUa- 
 risinter'\ 
 na. 
 
 b. A.Ca- 
 
 rotideu 
 
 interna. 
 
 B. Ar- 
 teria 
 
 SOBCLA.- 
 VIA. 
 
 Furnishes ..9. transversalisfaaei, A. auricular 
 ris ant^ior, and A. temporalis media. 
 
 Furnishes 13 branches, viz. A mgningea media, 
 A. deritar is inferior^ A. temporalis profunda, 
 .posterior^ A- masseteoHna^ A. pterygoidea, A., 
 buccalis, A. temporalis profunda anterior, A. 
 alveolaris; A. suhorbitafia. A. vidiana, A. 
 1 ptery^opalatirta or pharyngea juperio/; A. 
 ( _ palatma superior, and A. spAenopalatina,- 
 *" Furnishes," 1 . A. ophth/jlmicat winch gives off 
 A. lachrymalis. A.' centralis retinas, A. su- 
 praorbitariavelsupeiciliaris, A.ci|iare>tpos- 
 tfriorea, A. ciliares longie, A. muscularis 
 superior et inferior, A. ethmoidalis posterior 
 et anterior, A. palpebralis superior et infe- 
 rior, A. nasalis, and A. frontalis. 2- A. com. 
 mwiicansf fViUesii.- 3. A^c/toroidea. 4, J$. ce- 
 rebralis anUrior, 5.' A. eerebraiis media. 
 Furnishes, 1. A vert^ralig, which gives off 
 A. spinalis anteHor et posterior, A. cere- 
 bellosa inferior, and fonnsT- by uniting it. 
 self with that of the opposite side—the A. 
 basilaris, divided into -A. cerebellosa supc- 
 rioi and A. cerebralia posterior. 2. A. iky- 
 roidea inferior, which gives off A. cervicalis 
 ascendens. 3. A. mammaria interna, which 
 give$ off the A. mediastina anterior and^ A. 
 diaphragmatica superior. A. A. intercostMis 
 superior. 5. A. cemicalis transversa, 6. A. 
 scapularis superior, 7. A, cervitalU paste ridr 
 ■ve\ profunda. Farther on, the subclavian 
 artery continues its progress underttie name 
 A. axillaris. 
 
 1. A.Ra- 
 
 dialis, 
 
 2.A.Cu-\ 
 hiialis. 
 
 FMrnishea, 1. A. acrffmialis. 9. A. Vipradta. 
 superior. 3. A. thoracica inferior veMong a 
 ye\ mammaria ezterWi, 4. A.stapularisirife- 
 "riorvel aomvivnis. 5. A. circumf.txa paste' 
 rior'. G^ A. circumfiexa anterior, l^artheron, 
 the axillary^ artery^ continiies under th« 
 >name A, brachialis, 
 
 Purnishes A. humeralia profunda or tfillattra- 
 lis externa^ 3. A. cdllaierUlis interna. It 
 aftprwards divtdcB into the radial and £u- 
 biral arteries. 
 
 Gives 6ff\/^. recurrens radiOflis, A. dorsalis 
 carpi, A. dorsalis viefacarpi. A, dorsalis pol- 
 licis\ and terminates in forming the Arcus 
 palmuris profundus. 
 
 Gives oif A. recurrens cuhitatis anterior and 
 posterior: A. intcrossea anterior aud poste- 
 ri&r, which latter furnishes'.>9. recurrens ra- 
 dialis posterior. It terminates in forming 
 the superfciai palmar archj which gives off 
 A. Collaterales digitorum. 
 
 c. .Arteries given'dff by the. Aorta in the Thoraa:, 
 
 {1. A, Bronehica, dextra ct sinistra, 
 2. A. {BsopkagtetB (to the number of four, five, 
 or six.) 
 S.A.mediastiniBposteriores^. 
 > """» I 4. A. int€rcastales inferiores vel Aortica {to 
 \ the number of eight, nine, or ten.) 
 
 d. Arteri^^s furnished hy the Aorta in the Ahdc 
 
 ■ men'. 
 
 These i i^ Tijg ^^ diaph-agmatica velphrenicat dex- 
 branches < tra et sinistra, 
 
 are, i 
 
 ["Which diwdes into three branches, 1. A.co' 
 I ronaria ventriculi. 3. A ffepatica- which 
 Q.A. } gives off A. ipylorica. A. gastro^epiploica 
 Caliac(^.]. dextra undA! cystica; and, lastly, the Ai 
 I splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiploica 
 [ sinistra and Vasa brevia. - 
 
 3. A. f Which gives off at its concavity the A. coh'ca 
 Meseii-^ 1 dextra' superior, media et iiiferior, aiid at its 
 
 terica ) convex part from 15 lb -20 Rami intesli- 
 superior'' nales. 
 
 4. A, ('YV^hjch givps off .>?, colica' superior media, and 
 
 Mesen- ) infeHor, and dividfes Into A. hSemorrlioidalea 
 
 «::"=^ ) Buperiores. 
 tnfenor. \ *^ , , 
 
 5. The .'?. Capsulares medim (to thti number of two on 
 each side.]- 
 
 6. A Renales or Emulgentes. 
 
 7. A. Spermatic^. 
 
 8. A. Lumbdtes (to the number of four or five on each, 
 sideo 
 
 e. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of 
 
 the Aorta, 
 The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, giv?s offthe 
 A. sacra media, and divides into A. HiactB^primiiiviB. _ 
 j?.7iMC(iCpj^jjgg j„^o _^ Hincd interna zndA.,lliiica 
 ^ZT ) e^iern^- , " 
 
 Furnishes, }.^A. ilio-lumbaris, 2, A. sacra la- 
 , teralis. 3. A gliitea or ill aca posterior. 4. 
 A. umbilicalis. h. A. vesicalis. 6. A', ohtu- 
 A. II- , rat^rea. 7. A. hamiorrhoidka media. 8. A. 
 iaca in- ■{ vterina. 9. A.vaginnlis. 10. A. ischiatieU'. 
 terna. II. A, pudenda interna, which ^ives off the 
 
 A. kemorrfioidales inferiores, A. of the sep- 
 tum, A. transversa- perinea, A. corporis ca- 
 tfernosa, and A. dorsalis penis. 
 b. A. II- ( Furnishes 1. A. epigastrica. 9. A. iliaca ante- 
 iaca ex--' rior or «Vc«m^eia iZit,and is continued af- 
 terna- f terwards under the name of Crwral Artery,- 
 Furnishes, 1, A. subcvtanea abdaminalis. 2. A. 
 pudenda superfcialis and profunda. 3. A, 
 muscularis superfcialis. 4. A. muscularis 
 A. Cru- , pro/MTiAi, which gives off the A. circuniflexa 
 ralis. '" exteriia and interna, and iKe thre^ Ferfo- 
 rantes, distinguished into superior, mjddle, 
 and inferior, Fyrther on, the crural artery 
 continues under the name A. PopHtma, 
 Furnishes, 1. A. Articularca s'^eriures, inter- 
 na, media, et externa. 2, A, gemellm. 3, A. 
 Articulares inferiores, interna et exUrna. 
 A. Pop- J 4. .>3. £ifiiffZes(z«(ica,whichat the foot, takes 
 liteea. ^ ' %hena.me, A. dorsalis tarsi, and gWes off the 
 tarsal and metatarsal arlerie?. In the leg, 
 the popliteal artery divides into the pero- 
 neal and posterior tibial. 
 l.'.^.Fe- 5^ Divides into A. peronaaantica and A. peron^ 
 ronaa. {, postica. 
 
ARTERY 
 
 84 
 
 ARTHROSIA 
 
 ' Divides into A. plantaris interTia and A.plan- 
 
 n a rwK taris externa. Tlie latter, by anastomosing 
 
 *f r J' willithe A do»-saii» torsi, forms the ptentar 
 
 oialis < arcft, whence arise iZami^uperiwres or yer- 
 
 fomca. foranlea postiei.R. InferimesfOslKietanli- 
 
 ci, which give off Rami perrorantes antici. 
 
 Arteby, Ansular, Facial artery — a. Ar- 
 ticular, Circumflex artery — a. Brachiocepha- 
 lic, Innominata arteria-^^a. Central of the re- 
 tina, Central artery of the retina-^-a. Central 
 of Zirnl, Central artery at the retina-r-a. Ce^ 
 phalic. Carotid — a. Cerebral posterior, Verte- 
 bral — ai Cerv>ico-scai)ular, s^e Cervical arteries 
 — a. Coronary of the lips, Labial artery — a. Cro- 
 taphite, Temporal artery— a. Fibular, Peroneal 
 artery — a. Gastricinferior, Gastro-epiploic^ ar- 
 tery — a. . Gastro-hepatic, see Gastro-epiploic 
 artery — a. Genital, Pudic (internal) artery — a. 
 Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A. inferior — a. 
 Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. superior — a. 
 Humeral, Brachial artery — a. Iliac posterior,. 
 Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular, Ileo-lumbar 
 artery— a. Labial, Facial artery^a. Laryngeal 
 superior, Thyroideal iirtery superior — a. Maxil- 
 lary internal, Facial artery — ^a. Median of the sa^ 
 crum. Sacral artery, anterior — a. Nasal, lateral, 
 large, Spheno-palatine artery — a. Palato-labial, 
 Facial artery — a. Pericephalic, Carotid (exter- 
 nal) — a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo^palatine 
 artery — -a.. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic artery — a. 
 Posterior of the brain, see C erebral arteries — a. 
 External scapular. Acromial artefy — a. Spinal, 
 Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subclavian right, 
 Innominata arteria— a.. Subscapular, Scapular 
 artery, inferior — a. Superficial of the abdomen, 
 Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Supramaxil- 
 lary. Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal, Capsular 
 aitery-^a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary inter- 
 nal — a. Urethrorbulbar, Transverse perineal 
 artery — a. Vesico-prostatic, Vesical artery — a. 
 Vidian, Pterygoid artery. 
 
 ARTETIS'CUS; homartus, 'a limb,'. One 
 who has lost a limb. 
 
 ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
 
 ARTHANI'TA, from ai^ts, 'bread:' the 
 Cye'lamen or Sowhread. ' It was formerly made 
 into ointment, Unguen'tiim Arthani'tm, with 
 many other substances, and was employed as a 
 purgative, being rubbed on the abdomen. 
 
 Arthanita Cyciamen, Cyclamen. 
 
 ARTHETICA, Teucrium chaniaepitys. 
 
 ARTHRAGRA, Gout— a. Anomala, Gout, 
 anomalous — a. Genuina, Gout, regular — a. Le- 
 gitima, Gout, regular — a. Normalis, Gout, re- 
 gular — a. Vera, Gout, regular. 
 
 ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, iGout. 
 
 ARTHRELCO'SIS, from 'ajfffo., ' a joint,' 
 and 'f \x»(ris, ' ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint. 
 
 ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the 
 next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation. 
 
 ARTHREM'BOLTJS, from ajflgor, 'a joint,' 
 ev, 'in,' and (ttXla, 'I cast.' ,An ancient in- 
 strument used in the reduction of dislocations. 
 
 ARTHRETICA, Teucrium thamspitys. 
 
 ABTHRIT'IC, Arthrit'icus, from a^^gov, 'a 
 joint.' (F.) Arthritique, Goutteux. That 
 which relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic 
 symptoms, &c. ' 
 
 AETHRITICUS VERUS, Gout. 
 
 ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Ar- 
 throsia — a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) — a. 
 Acuta, Gout (regular )^-a. Arthrodynia, Rheu- 
 matism, chronic — a. A^thenica, (5out (atonic) 
 — a. Atonic, Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica, 
 
 AnginaPectoris — a. Erratica, Gout (wandtering) 
 — a. Hydrarthros, Hydrarthrus — a.jnflanimato- 
 ria. Gout (regular)-pa. Juvenilis, see Rheuma- 
 tism, acute — a. Maxill'aris, Siagonagra--^. No- 
 dosa, Gout (with nodosities) — a. PlaneticayGout 
 (wandferittg)-'-a'. Podagra, G*it-^5i.Rheufaatica, 
 see Rheumatism,acute^-a. Rheumatisraus, Rheu- 
 matism,.acute — a, Retrograda, Gout (retrograde.) 
 
 ARTHROC'ACE, from; w^jsr, 'a joint,' 
 and xaxoc, 'bad.'' Disease of the joints j and 
 especially caries of thp articular surfaces. Spi- 
 na ventosa, (q. v.) 
 
 Arthrocaoe CoxARiria, Cbxarum moi'blis. 
 
 ARTHRO(JACOLOG"IA, from artkrocada, 
 — according, to Rust, a chronic disease of the 
 joints; and ioyojj ' a description.' The doctrine 
 of chronic diseases of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from oj^pov, >a 
 joint,' and x«|ixivo/tqf, ' cancer.' Cancer' of the 
 joints. 
 
 ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS, frbm «p»fo,, 'a 
 joint,' o^vJfof, ' a cartilage,' and iti^, denoting 
 infiamthation. Inflanimation bf the cartilages 
 and joints. ' . 
 
 ARTHRODIA, from 'aq-»pitv, « a joint,? ^d- 
 articiila'tio. A moveable joint, formed by the 
 head/ of a bone applied to the Surface of' a shalr 
 low socket, so that it can execute' movements 
 in every direction. Srthrodinm is- ' a small 
 joint :' diminutive of Arthrodia.. ■ 
 
 ARTHRODYN'TA, Arthronai'gia, AHhrM- 
 gia, from a^9Qn, 'articulation,' and oJi)»)i, 
 ' pain.' Articular pain. Pain in the joints. 
 See Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 Arthjiodynia Podagrica, Gout. , 
 
 ARTHROL'QGY, Artkrolog"ia, from of^/it,, 
 'a joint,' and i-oyoq, ' a description.' A descrip- 
 tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROM'BOLi;, from«p*«or, and ^a.Um, 
 ' I cast.' Coaptation, reduction. Redaction 
 of a luxated or fractured bone. 
 
 ARTHROMENINGITIS, Meningarthro- 
 cace. 
 
 ARTHRON, 'a joint.' The ancients used 
 the word Arthroii, for the articulation' oY bones 
 with motion, in opjposition to Symphysis or 
 articulation without motion. 
 
 ARTHRONALGIAj Arthrodynia. 
 
 ARTHRON'CUS, ilr«Aroj)A/mffi; from aj- 
 »e6v, ' a joint,' and oyxo;, « a swelling.' Tume- 
 faction of a joint. 
 
 ARTHROWEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis. 
 
 ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from ttj»5or, 'a 
 joint,' and (fisyoji 'I burn;' Jlrthri'tis,' Ostar- 
 thro'sis. Inflammation of the joints. 
 
 ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
 see Adenochondrius. 
 
 ARTHROPYO'SIS, Jlrthronempyefsis, from 
 o5*{ov, 'a joint,' and tiuov, 'pus.' Suppura- 
 tion oy abscess of the joints. 
 
 ARTHRO-RHEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism 
 (acute.) 
 
 ARTHRO'SIA, from a^^foia, 'I articulate.' 
 Arthritis, (of some.) Inflammation, . mostly 
 confined to the joints; severely painful; occa- 
 sionally extending to the surrounding muscles. 
 A genus of diseases in the Nosology of Good, 
 including Rhetimatism, Qqut, Articular inflam- 
 mation, Joint-ache, &c. 
 
 Arthrosia Acuta, Rheumatjsm, acute — a. 
 Chronica, Rhetimatishi, cllronic — a. Lumborum, 
 Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout — a. Podagra com- 
 plicata, Gout (retrograde)— ^a. Podagra larvata, 
 
ARTHROSIS 
 
 85 
 
 ^RUM 
 
 Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis. Gout (re- 
 gular.) 
 
 ARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
 
 ARTHROSPON'GUS, from a^Stm, ' a jpint,' 
 and (TTTO j-yotj ' a sponge.' A livlnte, fungous tu- 
 mour of the joints. , , 
 
 ARTHROTRAU'MA, from ap»sm, ' a joint,' 
 and Tfxvua., ' a wound.' A, wound of.a joint. 
 
 ARTIA. According to some, this word is 
 synonymous with a^Tijjca; others use it syno- 
 nymously with Trachea. 
 
 JiRTICHAUT, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolytjius. 
 
 ARTICLE, Articulation. 
 
 ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTICULAR, Articvia'ris : from artus, 
 'a joint;' aviiculus, 'a small joint.' That 
 which relates to the articulation?; — as' the ar- 
 ticular capsules, &c. 
 
 Artic'ui.ak. Ab'teeies op the knee arise 
 from the popliteal artery, and surround the 
 tibio-femoral articulation. Although of a small 
 size, they are important, as they furnish hlood 
 to the lower extremity after the operation for 
 popliteal aneurism.' They are distinguished 
 into superior and inferior. ' The superior arti- 
 cular arteries, popliteal Orrticula^ arteries,. a.re 
 commonly three in nuinber : one of which is 
 internal, ahother external, and another middle, 
 the az'ygous artic'ular. The iirst, Ra/mus 
 ajiastomdt'icus magrtus, ana'stomoses by one 
 branch with, the external circumflex; and by 
 another with the external superior articular. 
 The second anastomoses with the exterhal cir- 
 cumflex, the superior ' internal strticular, and 
 the inferior external articular ; and the third is 
 distributed within the joint. The inferior ar- 
 ticular arteries are two in number: anintemal 
 and external. The former anastomoses with 
 the. inter(jal superior articular and the external 
 inferior articular. The latter anastomoses with 
 the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, and 
 the external superior articular. To each arti- 
 cular artery there is an articular nerve. 
 
 ARTid'uiiAK Facettes' are the contiguous 
 surfaces, by means of "which the bones are ar- 
 ticulated. 
 
 Artio'tjlae. Veins of the knee follow the 
 same course as the arteries. 
 
 ARTICULATIO, Articulation— a. Artifl-' 
 cialis, Pseudarthrosis— a. Notha, Pseudarthro- 
 sis. 
 
 ARTICULA'TION, Joint, ArHcula'Hoj Ar- 
 thro'sis, ' Jissarthro^sis, .Srtic'ulus Junctu'ra, 
 Cola, Conjunc'tio, Nodus, Corwmissii'ra, Com- 
 pa'ges,^yntax'is,IHar'mus, Yertic'ula, Yertic'u- 
 lus, Vertit'ulwm, (F.) Articulation, Article. 
 Same etymon. The union of bones with each 
 other, as well as the kind pf union. 
 
 TABLE OF AETICULATIONS. 
 
 Articulations are generally divided into Diar- 
 throses or moveable articulations, and Synar- 
 throses or immoveable. 
 
 ,. f 1, Amphifirthrosis. * 
 j 2. Diarthrosis, orbica- ( Bnartbrosis. 
 Diartkroses. ■{ ' lar vague. \ Arthrodia. 
 
 I 3. Alternative Qr Ginglymus, wbich 
 [ admits of varieties, 
 
 1. Suture. 
 
 2. Harmony.- 
 
 3. Gompliosis. 
 
 4. Schindylesis. 
 
 The articulations are subject to a number of 
 
 Spuirthroaes. 
 
 diseases, which are generally somewhat. severe,. 
 These may be physical,' as wounds, sprains, 
 luxations, &c. ; or they may be org£(nic, as an- 
 kyloses, extraneous bodies, carieSl, rheujnjitism, 
 gout, hydrarthroses, arthropuosis, &c. 
 
 Articulation means also the combiiiation pf 
 letters which constitute words. See Voice. 
 
 Articulation, False, Pseuilarthro'sis, Ar- 
 tic'ulus falsus, (F.) A. fausse, A. aceidentelle, 
 A. contre nature, A. anormale.. A false joint, 
 formed .between fragments of bone, that 4jave 
 remained ununited; ,or between aluxated bone 
 and the surrounding parts. 
 
 AM TICXILA TiON EN CHARNlkRE,i^. 
 glymus — a. de la Samche, Coxo-femoral articu- 
 lation. 
 
 ARTICULI DIGITOilUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers-^. Digitorum pedis. Pha- 
 langes of the toes. 
 
 , ARTICULO MORTIS, see Payghorages— a.' 
 Spinalis, Semispinalis colli. 
 
 ARTIFIC'IAIi, Artificia'lis,.^^.) Artifieiel; 
 from ars, artis, 'art,' and faeere, 'to make.' 
 That which is formed by art. 
 
 Artificial Eyes are usually made of enamel, 
 and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which 
 is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is 
 lost. 
 
 Artificial Teeth are teeth made of ivory, 
 porcelain, &c. 
 
 PlkCES ffAJ^ATOMlE ARtlFlClELLES 
 are preparations of anatomy, modelled in wajf, 
 plaster^ paper, &c. 
 
 ARTISqOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus. 
 
 ARTIS'CUS, from afrof, 'bread.' See Tro- 
 chiscus. A troch of the shape bf a .small loaf. 
 Also, and especially, a troch^made of vipers. 
 
 ARTOCAR'PUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (TP.) 
 •Jaqmer. A Polynesian treCj so called because 
 the fruit, which is milky, and juicy, supplies 
 the place of bread to the inhabitants. It grows 
 to the. height of 40 feet. , 
 
 Artocarpus Ihtegrifolia, Caoutchouc. 
 
 ARTOC'REAS, from ccgnt, ' bread,' and 
 xfiar, ' flesh.' A kind pf nourishing food made 
 of various aliments boiled together. — Galen. 
 
 ARTOG'AL A, from apat, ' bread,' and ya\a., 
 ' milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread 
 and milk. A poultice. 
 
 ART.OM'ELI,.from,afT(i«, 'bread,.' and ^sm, 
 ' honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey.— ^ 
 Galen. 
 
 ARTITS, Membrum. 
 
 ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment. " 
 
 ARUM, A. maculatum, and. A. tfiphyllum-^ 
 a. Americauum befee foliis, Dracontium fceti- 
 dum. 
 
 Arum Dracun'culhs, Dracwn'eulus poly- 
 ph/yVlus, Colubri'na Dracon'tia, Erva de Sanpta 
 Maria, Gigfaru& serpenta'ria, Arumpolypkyl'- 
 ■livm, Serpenta'ria Gjdlo'rwm. Family, Aroides. 
 Sex. Syst. Monceqia Polyandria. The roots and 
 1 leaves are very acrimonious. The plant resem- 
 bles the A. macula'tiim in its properties. 
 
 Arum Esculek'tum, Cala'dium esculen/titm, 
 Taro, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess aerjd 
 qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil- 
 teg ; in which form it is used as food % th© peo- 
 ple of Madeira, the Pplynesians, -fee. 
 
 Arum MACULA'rm)i,-^ni«ra (of, the older wri- 
 ters) Cuckow Pint, Barha Aaro'nis, Serpentd- 
 ria npinor, Zin' giber Qerman^icttTii, Sacerdos pe- 
 nis, Wahe Rohin, Priest's pintle, ^F.) Gouet, 
 
AUTEMESIA 
 
 96 
 
 AVENA 
 
 AUTEMES'IAjfrom ourb;, ' self,' and tfitrK, 
 'vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomit- 
 ing. — Alitert. ' ' 
 
 AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human. 
 
 AUTHE'MERON. A medicine virhich cures 
 on the day of its exhibition; from xvros, ^the 
 same,' and 'wtga, ' day.' 
 
 ATJTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix nature. 
 
 AUTOCHIR, AutocWrus, Suici'da, from, 
 ouroc, 'himself,' and jfciQ, 'hand.' One who has 
 committed suicide. A ^elf-murderer or suicide. 
 
 AUTOCHIRiA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOCINE'SIS; Motus valunta'riua, from 
 auTOf, 'self,' and mn/O't, 'inotion? Voluntary 
 motion. 
 
 AUTOC'RASY, Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria, 
 from auTof, 'himself,' and xjarof, 'strength.' 
 Independent force. Action of the vital princi- 
 ple, or of the iristinctive powers towards the 
 preservation of the individual. Sfee Vis Medi- 
 catrix Naturas. Also, the vital principle. 
 
 AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis medicatrix 
 
 AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— a. Physia- 
 triCe, Vis medicatrix naturas. 
 
 AtJTOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOGONIA, Genera;tion, equivocal. 
 
 AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avxK, 'him- 
 self,' Xt9ts, 'a stone,' and.Tt,(«niri 'to cut.' One 
 who operates, upon himself for' the stone. • 
 
 AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'icus, Autom'atus, 
 from auTcjuosTo;, ('spontaneous.' That which 
 acts of itself. Those movements eire called' 
 automatic, which the patient executes without 
 any object; apparently without volition being 
 exercised; — involuntary motions, metus auto- 
 mat'ici seu dutom'ati sen involwntci'rii- 
 
 AUTOMNALE, AMtarmidl. 
 
 AUTONOM'IA, Vis medicatrix naturte. The 
 word Autonomia is occasionally employed by 
 the French eind Germans for the peculiar me- 
 chanism of an organized body. Thus, although 
 individuals' of the same species may differ in 
 outward conformation, their mechanism or in- 
 stinctive , laws, {Autonomia,'^ may be the same; 
 
 AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 
 AUTOPEP'SIA, from auxo;, 'Self,' and irtr- 
 To), 'I concoct.' Self-digestion, — as of the 
 stomach after death. 
 
 AUtOPHIA^ Antopsia. 
 
 AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.) Retentissement mito- 
 jihoniqiix, from auior, 'self,' and <tafr\, ' voice.' 
 An auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hour- 
 mann, which consists ' in noting the character 
 of the observer's own voice, while he speaks 
 with his head- placed close to the patient's 
 chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be modi- 
 fied by the condition of the subjacent orgaiis. 
 The resonance, ,thus heard, he terms retentuse- 
 ment autophonique, 
 
 AuTopHONiA, Suicide. 
 
 AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosi>horuS. 
 
 AXJTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice. 
 
 AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice. 
 
 AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy ; from' aurof, 'him- 
 self,' and IH//IS, ' vision.' Aatoph'ia, \3utoscop'- 
 ia. Attentive examination by one's self. Im- 
 properly used occasionally, for the following : 
 
 AuTOp'siA Cadaveb'ica, (F.) Aifopsie ou 
 Ouverture cadaverique. Attentive examination 
 after death,' Exa/mination po'st 'mbrtem^ Sectio 
 Cadav'eris, Dissection, Nrc' roscopy , Nic'ropsy, 
 Neoroscop'ia^, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, — prac- 
 
 tised for the purpose of investigating the causes 
 and seat of an affection^of which.a person maj 
 have died, &c. 
 
 Atjtopsia Cadavbr'ica, Lega/J-is, Sec'tio ca- 
 dav'eris . legalis, Oiduif'tio, is the examination 
 after death for medico-jegal purposes. 
 
 AUTOPYROS,^Syncomistos, . 
 
 AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia. 
 
 yiU'TOSITE, from auTSf, "self,' a;nd irj-ref, 
 « nourishment.' A single monster; capable of 
 deriving nourishment from its own proper or- 
 gans, in contradistinction to Omphc(l^siU,^q.v.) 
 
 AUtOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix natUra,, 
 
 AUTUMNi Jiutvminus, Fhthiropo ron, X^.) 
 Auttrmne^ Cfae of the_ seasons of the year, be- 
 tween the 23d, of Septeml^if and .the 21st of 
 December; In all climates, - the, Autumn or 
 Fall is liable to disease ; a- combination of local 
 and.atmosjjheric causes being dien present, &- 
 vourable to its production. 
 
 'AJDTUM'NAL ; \4utumna'lis, (f..) Autom- 
 nale. Relating to Autumn; as, Autumnal 
 Fruits, ^utVMinal Fevers, &c 
 
 Autumnal Feveb, generally assumes a bi- 
 lious aspect. Those of the intermittent kind 
 are much more obstinate than, when they ap- 
 pear in the spring. ' ^ ; ' . 
 
 AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase., ' , 
 
 AUXJ;L'IARY, Auxiiidris, fronj^ auxiliwn, 
 'aid.' (F .) -Auxiliare. That whieh assists, or 
 from which assistance is obtained, , 
 
 AuxiuART MEDiciifE is oue , which assists 
 -the principal medicine or basisl It is synony- 
 mous vyith j^idjuvant. 
 
 AuxiLiAKY MusoLEs are those which concur 
 in the same movement. Some anatomistsihave 
 applied the term t6 several ligaments, as well 
 as to the fleshy fibres, which bang from the ««- 
 cro-'spinalis rausdle. . ■ : - 
 
 AITXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament. 
 
 AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
 
 AVA, Arva, Kavai, An intoxicating narco- 
 tic drink made by chewjng the Piper' methisti- 
 cuia. It is much used by the Polynesii^ns. '■ 
 
 AVAILLES, WATERS OF, ' A small v|- 
 lage in France, 13 leamies S. S. E. of Poitiers, 
 at which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It 
 contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul- 
 phate and subcarbonate of soda, iron, &c. 
 
 AVANT-BOXfCHE, (J .) 0« akti'cum.' This 
 name has been applied; by some tq the mouth, 
 properly so called — in contradistinction' to tie 
 Arriere bouche or Pharynx. - - > 
 
 AVANT-BF.AS, Forearm. 
 
 AVANT-CCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 AVANT-GOUT, (F-) Prsegustct'tio ; i. fore- 
 taste; prasgustatibn. ■ ^ 
 
 AV3NT-MmN,(Yi.)Advir'S(^Manus, The 
 inside of the hand, when extended. 
 
 AVANT-PIED, (F.) The most advanced 
 part of the foot. ' ' 
 
 AVJlNT-POIGNET,(Y.) The anterior part 
 of the wrist. • 
 
 EVELINE, Corylus avellana (nut.) , 
 
 AVELLA.NA GATHARTICA, Jatropha 
 curcas. • 
 
 AVE'NA, Oats; Bromos. T>e seeds ot Ave'- 
 na sati'va. Nat. Ord. GramHieae. Stx. Syst. 
 Triandria Digynia. (F.) Avoine.. Oats are 
 used as food for man, in som,e parts, particular- 
 ly in the North of England and Scotland. 
 Whp'n deprived of the husks they form Gkoats, 
 (q. V.) Reduced to meal, — Avense Fari'na' 
 
AYEN^ FARINA 
 
 97 
 
 AZOODYNAMIA 
 
 Oatmeal— they me iapplied as cataplasms to pro- 
 jnote suppuration. The dry meal is sprinkled 
 over erysipelatous parts. \, . 
 
 Avena ExcdRTicATA, Groats. ^ '• 
 
 AVEN^ FARINA, see Avena. 
 
 avenheim, minerm. waters ©F. 
 
 lAvenheim is-^ree leagu^kjrom Skrasburg: 
 near it is an aperieiit mineralCvater. * 
 ^ AVEITOES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Ayennes is a village in the departrh^nt of Hfiij 
 raiilt in Fiance: near it is a saline spring,' the 
 temperature' of which rises to 84° FalfreiJieit. 
 AVENS, COMMON, Geum urwiiium— a. 
 Water, ,Gei(m rivaler-a. White, (Jeum Virgi- 
 nianuni. 
 AVERICH,' Sulphur. 
 
 AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, Silimli, Silim- 
 Ung teres. An Indian tree, "Which h^s a fruit 
 tha^t is too acid to he eaten alque.. It is used 
 as a condiment, and in the form of syrup as a 
 jrefrigerant. 
 
 . Avekkho'a Caeam'bola, called after Aver- 
 jrhoes ; ])^alu7n Go'en'sS) Frunu'm stella/twm^ 
 Ta/m'ara^ Conga^ Cararni'bolq^. An Indian tree, 
 "whose fruits are agreeably acid. The; bark, 
 bruised, is employed as a cataplasm, and- its 
 fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious fever and 
 dysentery. ,' 
 
 AyER'SIONj Aver'sio, Apot'ropS; {lomaver- 
 tere, (a and vertere) ' to ti}rn from.' Extreme 
 repugnance for any thing whatever. 
 
 AVERSION, (¥.) also means,. in therapeu- 
 tics, the action of medicines whiclv turn the 
 afflux of fluids from one organ, and direct them 
 to othersij being synonymous with counterrir- 
 rltation, or rather revulsion or derivation, 
 
 AVERTIN, (E.) A disease of the mind, 
 which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa- 
 tient obstinate and furious. 
 
 AVEUGLE, Caecus. 
 J AVEUSlEMENT,- Caecitas— a. de lour. 
 Nyctalopia — a. de Nuit, Hemeralopia. 
 
 AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, called after 
 Avic^nna. The plant which affords the Maine'- 
 qa Bean or Anacar'diwm Orienta'lB oi the Phar- 
 macopceias, Semecar'pus Jinacar' divmi. The 
 oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is a corro- 
 sive, and active vesicatory, but it is not used. 
 AVICULA CIERIA, Pastil— a. lljargariti- 
 fera, see Pearl. 
 AVOIN, Avena. 
 AVORTEMENT, Abortion. 
 MVORTER, to Abort. 
 jjrOiJTiTV, Abortion. 
 AVroRTON, Abortion. 
 AVULSIO, Arrdchement. 
 AVULSION, Evulsion. 
 AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a 
 small town in the department of Arrieigei 
 France; where there are several sulphurous 
 springs, the, temperature of which varies from 
 77° to 162° of Fahrenheit. ■ 
 .aXE, Axis — a. de I'CEil, Axis of the eye. 
 AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, Troehoi'deL A 
 pivot-joint-. ,See Trochoid. 
 
 AXIL'L^, A(a, Ascel'la, Assel'la, Aseii'la, 
 Acel'la, Cordis emuncto'rivrnij Mfile, Hype^'m'a, 
 Fo'vea athi^laris, Mas' ckall, Mas'chalis, (F.) 
 Aisselle. The cavity beneath tl)e junction of 
 the arm with the' shoulder; the armpit ; (F'.) 
 Creicx de I' Aisselle. It is bounded, anteriofly, 
 "b/a portion of the pectoralis major; pqsteri- 
 orly, by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered, 
 
 witlj hair, contains much cellular membrane, 
 lymphatic ganglions, important vessels and 
 nerves, and numerous sebaceous follicles, fur- 
 nishing an odorous secretion. In consequence 
 of such secretion, the ancie9ts called it emunc- 
 tQ'rium cordis. 
 
 ■AXTLLARY, MasehaliU'us, (F.) Aicil- 
 laire, from axilla, 'the armpit.' , Belonging 
 tp the armpit. 
 
 AxiLLAEY AjiTHET, Arte'ri^ aadlla'ris; _a 
 continuation of the subclavian, tMctending from 
 the passage of the latter betyi«n the scaleni 
 muscles as far as the insertion of the pectoralis 
 major, when it takes the name of Brachial. 
 
 Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands 
 seated in the armpit; into whjch the lymphatic 
 glands of the upper extremity open. , 
 
 AxiLLAjiT Nerve, Scaj/ulo-hn'msral (Ch.), 
 Nerf drconflexe^ Articular nerve ; arises from 
 the posterior part of the brachial plexus, particu- 
 larly from the last two cervical pairs and the 
 first^ dorsal. It is chiefly ■ distributed to the 
 posterior Margin of the deltoid, i 
 
 Axillary Veih, VenaJixilla'risyV^ena Suba- 
 la'ris. This vein corresponds with the artery; 
 anterior to which it is situate. It is a conti- 
 nuation of the. brachial veins; and, at its ter- 
 mination, assumes the xaxsm Subclamian. 
 AXINE, Ascia. 
 
 AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al- 
 bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the up- 
 per%yelid, observed particularly in children. 
 
 AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A .right line which 
 passes through the centre of a body.. 
 
 'Axis, Cerebro-Spimal,- see Encephalon — a.^ 
 of the Cochlea, Modiolus— ^a. Coeliac, Cceliac 
 artery. . ' 
 
 Axis dr THE Eye, (F.) Axe de I'mil, called 
 also. Visual Aais and Ojitif: Axis, is a right 
 line, which falls perpendicularly on the eye, 
 and passes through the centre of the pupil. 
 
 Axis, is also the second vertebra.of the neck, 
 ■ Axon, Epistroph'eus, Epis'trophus, Mascho' 
 lister: the Ver'tehra Ilenta'ta, (F.) Essieu. So 
 called, because it forms a kind of axis on which 
 the head moves. Chaussieur calls it Axdide, 
 from «£»v, ' axis,' and ititt, '^shape.' 
 
 AXQIDE, Axis — a. Occipitale, Rectus ca- 
 pitis posticus "major. 
 
 AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to 
 both tl^e axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidgan ar- 
 ticulation. - 
 
 The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1 . 
 Fracture of tha Fro^ies'sus Denta'tus. 2. Rup- 
 ture of the odontoid ligament, and consequently 
 passage and pressure of the process behind the 
 transverse ligament : and, 3. The simultaneous 
 rupture of the odontoid and transverse liga- 
 nients. These different accidents are fatal. 
 
 AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliquus inferior 
 capitis.' , '' 
 
 AXON, Axis. 
 
 AXUNGE, Adeps prseparata. 
 AXUN-GIA, Pinguedo— a. de Mumi&, IVTar- 
 row — a. Articularis, Synovia — a. Porcina, 
 Adeps prasparatai; 
 
 AYPN'IA, Insomnia. 
 ' AZARNET, Orpiment. 
 AZARUM, Asarum. 
 AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach. 
 AZEDARACHA AMCENA, Melia Azeda- 
 
 AZQODYNA'MIA, from », priv., ?»ij, ' life,' 
 
AZORES, CLIMATE OF 
 
 98 
 
 BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OP 
 
 and imtim, ' strength.' , Privation or dimlnu- mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fonrth 
 tion of the vital powers. ' of sal ammoniac. — Albert the Great. 
 
 AZ'ORES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or AZTGES, Az'ygos; Az'ygoua, sine pari. 
 Western Islands are said to afford one of the from «, priv., and tiiysi; <■ equal;' Unequal, 
 best examples of a mild, humid, equable cli- The sphenoid bone, because jt^ has no fellow, 
 mate to be met with in the northern hemisphere. I Also,'a process, Proees'sus Ass'ijges, Rostrum 
 It is slightly colder and'moister than that of s^Ae«oi«^o7e, projecting from under the middle 
 Madeira, but even more equable. Sir James and forepart of this bone. 
 Clark thinks, that a change from Azores to' AZYGOS GANGLION, see TrisfilancMiic 
 Madeira, and from thenee to ^eneriffe — one of Nerve. 
 
 the Canaries-^would prove more beneficial to \ Azygotjs - Articular Artert, see Articn- 
 the phthisical valetudinarian than a. residence '. lar arteries of the skull. 
 
 during the XVhole winter in any' one of these 
 islands. ' ' 
 
 AZOTATE D'ARGENT, Argenti nitras.. 
 
 A'ZOTE, Azdtum, from «, priv.., and,Co)i), 
 ' life.' A'zote or Ni'trogen, AlcaligehS, Gas 
 
 AzTGous MnsoLE, Azygos TTvulaj is the 
 small muscle which occupies the substance of 
 the uvula.. — Morgagni. The name is, however, 
 inappropriate, as there, are two distinct fasel'cu- 
 li, jdaced along side each other, forming the 
 
 azo'ticum, Ifitrogen'ivm, (F.) Azote, Nitro-, Pal'ato-staphyli'ni, Staphyli'ni OT Epistaphy- 
 gine. Air gate. Air vide, is a gas whiqh is uii- li'ni muscles, Staphyli'ni me'dii of Winslowi 
 fit for respiration. ' It is' not pqsitively delete- 1 AzYGons Veim, ' Fswo ^^yg'oj, Feirae Pri- 
 rions, but proves fatal, owing to the want of /omJo-iAometyMa— j-(Ch.) Vena, sine pari, Vena 
 oxygen. It is one of the constituents of atmo- ' pari carens, (F.) ^eine sans Paire. This vein 
 spheric air, and is a distinguishing princijjle of was so, called by Galen. It forms a communi- 
 animals'. Vegetables have it not generally cation between the V. cava inferior and V. co- 
 diffused, whilst it is met with in most aninial va superior, permitting the blood to pass freely 
 substances. It has been variously called, phlo- between the two. It rises fron) thevena cava 
 gistic air, vitiated air,' he; has been looked inferior, or from' one of thk lumbar or, renal 
 upon as sedative; add recommended to be re- veins, passed through "the diaphragm, ascends 
 spired, when properly diluted^ in diseases of the along the spine to theright'of the aorta and 
 chest. ' ! thoracic duct, and opens into the v. cava supe- 
 
 AzoTE, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous rior, where it penetrates the pericardium. On 
 oxide of. ,^ f the left side, the semi-az'tgo&, ie/K 4ro»'cAia2 
 
 AZOTED, Nitrogenized. ■ or left superior intereos'tal vein. Vena demi- 
 
 AZOTEJVMSES, from azote, and *<fffos, azygos,.V. hemiaz'yga, Veine petite prelomio- 
 'disease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned 
 
 by the predominance of azote in the body.- 
 Bauihes. 
 
 AZOTIZED, Nitrogenized. 
 
 AZQTURIA, see "Urine; 
 
 AZUR, Coral, Smalt. 
 
 AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of bread.— Gralen, 
 
 *&oroCTg'Ke-^(Ch.) presents, in miniature, nearly 
 the same arrangement. 
 
 AZYMIA HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu- 
 mours.' 
 
 AZ^MUSjfrom a, priv., and ?«iii;, ' leaven.' 
 Azymous bread is unfermented,- unleavened 
 
 B. 
 
 BABEURRE, Buttermilk. 
 
 BABILLEMENT, Loquacity. 
 
 BABUZICARIUS, Incubus. ~ 
 
 BAC'ARIS, Bach'aris. A name given by 
 the ancients to an ointment dfescribed by Galen 
 under the name Ointment of Lydia, It was 
 sometimes employed in diseases of the womb. 
 — iHippocrates. 
 
 BACC.^ BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria — b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ^bu- 
 lus — b. My'rtillorum, see Vacciniurn myrtillus- 
 — b. Norlandicae, Rubus arcticus — b. Pisci^to- 
 rise, see Menispermum cocculns. 
 
 BACCAR,~5ac'cani, Bac'charis. An herb 
 used by the ancients in their, garlands, to 
 destroy enchantment. Perhaps the Digitalis 
 purpurea (q. v.) Some authors have errone- 
 ously thought it to be the Asaruni. 
 
 BACCHARIS, Baccar. 
 
 BACCHI'A, from^accAa*, 'wine.' A name 
 applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunk- 
 ard. See Gutta rosea. 
 
 BACCHICA, Hedera heli;x. 
 
 BACHARIS, Bacaris. 
 
 BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Stryclmos 
 nux vomica. 
 
 BACKER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilute ex Hel- 
 leboro et Myrrha. 
 
 BACILE, Crithmum maritimum. I 
 
 BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bae'uluS,Bac'cutin: 
 ' a stick.' This name has been applied to a 
 kind of troch, composed of expectorants^ and 
 havipg the shape of a stick. Also, a supposi- 
 tory. Bacillum was used by the ancient che- 
 mists for several instruments of iron. 
 
 BACKACHE ROOT, Liatris. 
 
 BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Im- 
 pulse, diastolic. 
 
 BACOVE, Musa sapientum. 
 
 BACULU8, Baciilum. ' 
 
 BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 den is a town six miles from Vianna. Here 
 are 19 springs, containing carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia; sulphates of lime,and magnesia, 
 and soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum. 
 The water is used iti diseases of the skin, rheu- 
 matism, &c. There are two other towns of 
 the same name; one in Suabia, and the other in 
 Switzerland, about 12 miles from Zurich, where 
 
BADIAGA 
 
 99 
 
 BALLOTA FCETIDA 
 
 are iftineral springs. The waters of the last two 
 are thermal sulphureous. 
 
 BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Rus- 
 sia, the powder of which is said to take away 
 the livid marks from Mows and bruises in a few 
 hours. Its natu're is not understood. 
 BADIANE, lUicium anisatum. 
 BADISIS, Walking. 
 BADUKKA, Capparis hadukka. 
 BAGEDIA, Pound. 
 
 BAGNfeRRS-ADOUR, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town 
 in the department of the Hautes Pyrenees, 
 having a great number of mineral springs ; some, 
 cold chalybeates; others, thermal salines j but 
 the greatest part sulphureous and warm. 
 
 BAGIffcRES DE LUCHON is a small town 
 in the department 6f Haute Garonne, On the 
 frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time 
 famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, 
 the temperature of which is from 69* to 146P, 
 of Fahrenheit. 
 
 BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral 
 spring in London, resembling the Epsom. 
 BAGNIO, Baignoire. 
 
 BAGNOLES, MINERAI. WATERS OF. 
 BSgnoles is a village in the department of Orne. 
 The water resembles that of the 'Bagnkres de 
 I/uchon, ^ 
 
 BAGNOLS, MINERAL -WATERS OF. 
 
 Bagnols is a village, two leagues from Mende, 
 
 in thejlepartment of Lozfere. The waters are 
 
 hydrosulphiirous and thermal: 109*^ Fahrenheit. 
 
 BAGOAS, Castratus. 
 
 BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. 
 BAHAMA ISLANDS, (CLIMATE OF. The 
 climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be 
 well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac- 
 count of the rapid alternations of temperature, 
 and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, 
 cold character. Still, the phthisical valetudina- 
 rians from most portions of the United States 
 might derive advantage from a residence there 
 during the winter months. The accommoda- 
 tions are not, however, good, or numerous. 
 
 'RA.'R'EJj, Colum'nealotigifo'lia. A labiated 
 plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap- 
 plied as .cataplasms to suppurating tumours. 
 BAHELSoHuixr, Genista spinosalndiea. 
 BAIGNETIB, Bather. 
 
 BAIGNOIRE, (F . ) Baptiste'rium, a Bathing, 
 tnh, Bagnio, So'lium, Pisci'na. The vessel or 
 place ill which bathing is performed. Baig- 
 noire oculdire, an eye-bath, — a small vessel for 
 bathiiig the eyes. 
 BAILLEMENT, Yawning. 
 BAILLON, Speculum oris. 
 BAIN,'S?A\i—h. Chaud, Bath, hot— .8. £lee- 
 tnque, Bath, electric, see Electricity — J. Entier, 
 Bkth, general — i. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip— ^4. 
 Frais, Bath, tepid — b. Froidi Bath, cold— 5. JVZa- 
 rie, Bath, water — b. Medicinal, Bath, medicated 
 — b. ^e Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium-^J. de Sa- 
 ble, Bath, sand — b. de Si^ge, Bath, hip — J. Tera,- 
 pire, Bath, tepid, B. Temperate— ^6. de Tite, 
 Bath, head— i. 2Vfcie,Bath,tfpid— i. Trisfrdid, 
 Bath, cold — b. de Vapeur, Bath, vapour. 
 
 BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 are situate at Plombieres, department of the 
 Vosges. They are said to be saline and ther- 
 mal by some; others deny them any medical 
 properties. 
 BALAMPULLI, TamarindUs. 
 
 BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Aerometer. 
 
 BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica. 
 
 BALANEUM, Bath. 
 
 BALANISMUS, Suppository. 
 
 BALANITIS,. Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BALAN0BLENN0RRH(EA, Gonorrhcea 
 spuria. 
 
 BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 BALANORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BA'LANIXS, jJaAwoS) 'glans,' 'an acorn.' 
 The glans penis. Hence, Balarwblenm>rrhce't(, 
 Blennorrhoea of the glans j and Balami'tis, In- 
 flamtaation of the glans. Suppositories and 
 pessaries were, also, so called. , 
 
 Balanqs PHtEMicos, Date. 
 
 Balantis, Glans, Suppository' — h. Myrep- 
 si'ca, Gtiilandina moringa. 
 
 BALABU.C, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 laruc is a town in the department of Hirault, 
 in France. The waters are saline and ther- 
 mal. They contain carbonic acid, carbonate 
 of lime, carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of so- 
 dium, calcium, and magnesium, sulphate of 
 lime, and a little iron. They are considered 
 tonic, and are largely used. -Their tempera- 
 ture is about 1 18° Fahrenheit. 
 
 Balaruc Water, Factitious, (F.) Eau de 
 Balaruc; Aqua BelHluca'na, is made of simple 
 aciduloMs water (containing twice its bulk of 
 carbonic acid) f. gxxss ; eklaride of sodium, giss; 
 xhloride of cdlcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag- 
 nesium,- gr, 56 J carbonate ofm-agnesia, gr. j. 
 -BALATRO, Bambalio. 
 
 BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra- 
 natum. 
 
 BALBIS, (Joi/»i^, 'a foundation..' Any ob- 
 long cavity. — Galen. Hippocrates, in his trea- 
 tise on the joints, gives the nante Balbito'des 
 to the olecranon cavity of the humerus. 
 
 BALBUS, (F.) Bigue. One habitually af- 
 fected with stammering. A stammerer. 
 
 BALBU'TIES,P«eiKs'«sM«, Psel'lotes, Bla'- 
 sitas, Bdryglos' sia,.,'Dy sla'lia, Mogila'lia, la- 
 chopho'nia, Battaris'mus, Ba/mba'lia', Scesita'- 
 tio, ' Loque'la bl.a'sa, (F.) Baljrutiement, Bi- 
 gaiement. Stanmierin^,,St. Vitus's Dance of 
 the Voice. Also, vicious and incomplete pro- 
 nunciation, in which almost all the conso- 
 nants are replaced by the letters Band L. 
 Traulis'Tnus , 
 
 BALCHUS, Bdellium. 
 
 BALD, Athrix. ■ ; 
 
 BALDMONEY, M!Ccma. meum. 
 " BALDNESS, Alo^cia, Calvities— b. Limit- 
 ed, Porrigo decalvans — b. Partial, Porrigo de- 
 calvans. ' 
 
 BALENAS, Leviathan penis. 
 
 BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus potiul'eus. 
 
 BALINEATOR, Bather. 
 
 BALINEUM, Bath. 
 
 BALL^ Pila. 
 
 BALLISMUS, Chorea. 
 
 BALLISTA, Astragalus. 
 
 BALLONNEMENT, Tympanites. 
 
 BAL'L0TAF(E'TIDA,ilfarr«'ii2«»mg7-?'m, 
 Blac^ Horehound, Stin^ngH. ,.(¥.) Marrube 
 noir. This plant is esteemed to be antispas- 
 modicj resolvent, and detersive.(?) 
 
 Ballota Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus. A 
 plant of the Nat. Family, LabiataB, Sex. Syst. 
 Didynamia Gymnpspermia, which grows in 
 Siberia. The whole plant, with the exception 
 
SALLOTTEMENT 
 
 100 
 
 BALSAM OF GENEVIEVE 
 
 of the root, has recently been recommended .in 
 dropsy, and in rheumatism 'and gout, as a diu- 
 retic. It is usually given in decoction (gss to 
 §j, to f. .^viij.of water.) 
 
 SALLOTTEMENT, (F,) Agita'tion, Suc- 
 cus'sion, Mouvement de SallotteTAentfRepercus'' 
 sion, means the motion impressed on the fcetus 
 in utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by 
 means of the index finger of one hand intro- 
 duced into tW vagina; the othei; hand being ap- 
 plied on the abdomen. It is one of the least 
 equivocal signs of pregnancy. 
 
 BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate 
 in Saratoga County, New York. The spring 
 Sans Souci belongs to, the cla^s ^f Acidulous 
 Chalybeates. It contains iodide of sodium. 
 There is also a sulphur spring. • 
 
 BALM, Melissa-^b. Apple, Momordica bal- 
 samina— ^b. Bastard,. Melitis Melissophyllum — 
 b. of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamo- 
 mi — b. of Gilead tree, D'raeocephalum Cana- 
 riense— b. Indian, Trillium latifolium — b. 
 Mountain, Monarda coceiriea — b. Red, Monarda 
 coccinear^b. Stinking, Hedeoma. 
 
 BALNEA CCENOSA, -BoMe dea eaux. 
 
 BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. 
 
 BALNEARIUS, Bather. 
 
 BALNEATOR, Bather. 
 
 BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'iay from 
 palanio)!, ' a bath,' and YS'-VIt ' ^ description.' 
 A description of baths. 
 
 BALNEOL'OGY, Salneolog"ia, horn '^aU- 
 rttor, ' a bath,' and" Aoyot, ' a description.' A 
 treatise on haths. 
 
 BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from ^aX^vstov, .'a 
 bath,' and 6tga»rEio, 'treatment^' Treatment 
 of disease by baths. 
 
 BALNEUM, Bath— b.' Acidum, Bath, acid— 
 b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline — b. Animate, 
 Bath, animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antip- 
 soric — b. Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisypM- 
 litic — b. Arehae, Bath, sand — b. Gelatinosum, 
 Bath, gelatinous — bi Mariae, Bath, water — ^b. 
 Medicatum, Bath, medicated. 
 
 BALSAM, BaVsamum, (q. v.) Bol'eson, 
 Bel'esgn, (F.) Baume. . This name is given to. 
 natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid, 
 but very odorous, bitter, and piquant : com- 
 posed of resin, benzoic acid, and soiietimes, of 
 an essential oil; — which allow benzoic acid to 
 "be disengaged by the action of heat ; readily 
 dissolve in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether ; and^ 
 when treated with alcalis, afford a soluble ben- 
 zoate, and throw down resin. We know of 
 only five balsams: — thos^ of PerUji and Tolu, 
 Benzoin, solid Styrax- or Storax, and liquid 
 Styrax. (See those different words.) There are, 
 however, many pharmaceutical preparations 
 and resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic 
 smell, to which the, name halsam has been 
 given ; but they differ essentially in composi- 
 tion and ^properties : hence the distinction of 
 balsams into natural and artificial. The natu- 
 ral balsams include the five before mentioned ; 
 the artificial the remainder. 
 
 Balsam, Acous'tic, Bal'samum Aeous'ticum, 
 (F.) Baume acoustique. A mixture of fixed 
 and essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of 
 fetid gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, 
 dropped into the ear. The acoustic balsam of 
 Dr. Hugh Smith is made . by mixing three 
 drachms of ox-gall, with one drachm" of balsam, 
 of Beru. 
 
 . Balsam, Amekican, see Myroxy}on PeiuiHs- 
 riim — b. Anodyne, Bates's-, Linimentum ea- 
 ponis et opii. -• 
 
 Balsam Apopleo'Tic, Bal'samwtn ApofUd. 
 ticum, (F.) .BoMOTe apopleetifue. ,A medicine, 
 composed of several W«om«.prope,rly so called, 
 resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff consist- 
 ence, is worn in ivory boxes about the person, 
 and is swelled at in headachs, &c. 
 ■ Balsam Apple, Motnordica balsamihai 
 
 Balsam of Ak.9Ce'us, B<d'scmiwm Arctsi, Xln- 
 guen'twm El'emi, (F.) Baume d'Arcceus. A 
 soft ointment; sometimes employed inwoundB, 
 ulcers, &c. It is made by melting, with a 
 gentle heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of 
 'lard, one and a hajf of turpentine, and as much 
 resii. 
 
 Balsam Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. Ca- 
 nary, JJracocephaliim Canariense — b. Capivi, 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam op Carpa'thia, Bal'samum Car- 
 path'icum, (F.) Baume de Carpathie. Thfe re- 
 si^i of the Pinus Cemlra, (q^ v^) a.tree, which 
 grows in Switzerland, Libya, and the Krapac 
 mountains in Hungary. ■ , 
 
 Balsam, Chalyb'eAte, Bal'samum Ckaly- 
 bea'twm, (F.) Bawme d'acier ou d'aiguilles. A 
 mixture of nitrate of iron^ alcohol, and oil, pre- 
 pared by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It 
 was formerly employed in frictions in pains of 
 the joints. 
 
 Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura beiwoini 
 composita — b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzbini eom- 
 posita, ' . 
 
 Balsam, Cordial, or Senner'tus, Bd'sa- 
 wium Cordia'lB S^nTier'ti, (F.) Baztme cordiale 
 de Sennert, A ' stimulant medicine, coi^posed 
 of the essential oils of citrOn, cloves, and cin- 
 nanion, of musk, and ambergris.< Dose, 6 to 15 
 drops» , ' 
 
 Balsam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spa- 
 nish vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; 
 the composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt 
 and wine. (?) "- ', 
 
 Balsam, Spir'itjTous, op Fioravent;!, Bal'- 
 sa/muTib Bioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de 
 Fioraventi spiritueux. \ iDifferent products of 
 the distillatipn of resinous and balsamic suh- 
 stances, and of a nlimber of aromatic substances, 
 previously macerated in alcohol, have been thus 
 called. The Spirituous Balsam, of FioraveTitij 
 the only one now used in friction, in chronic 
 rheumatism, is the first product of the distilla- 
 tion from a Sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. 
 The Oily Balsam' of Fioraventi is obtained hy 
 removing the residue,and distilling it in an 
 iron vessel, at a white heat. It has the appear- 
 ance of a citrine-coloured oil. The Blaci Bal- 
 sam of Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained 
 when the temperature is sufficient to carbonize 
 the substances in the cucurbit. 
 
 Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea. 
 
 Balsam of Foueoroy or of Laborde, (F-) 
 Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde. A kind of 
 liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams, 
 resins, aloes, turpentiijie, theriac, and, olive oil. 
 Used in chaps of the skin and nipples, i 
 
 Balsam; Friar's," Tinctura benzoini compo- 
 sita. 
 
 Balsam of Genet^ieve, (F.) Baume de Gme- 
 vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen- 
 tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in 
 contused wounds, gangrene, &c. 
 
BALSAM OF HONEY 
 
 101 
 
 BALSAM, TRANQUIL 
 
 Balsaw of Honey (Hill's.) A tinctvire 
 made of tolu,honey (5a Ibj) and spirit,(a gsXlon.) 
 A pectoral, used in coughs. , The committee of 
 the New York College of Phairmacy recommend 
 the following formula :-^(ff«OT Benzoin ^v, 
 Bah. Tolut. gj, Mellis, gviij, Alcohol Oiij — 
 digest for 10 days and filter.) Seft Mel. 
 
 Balsam of Horbhound (FoBjo's.) A tinc- 
 ture of horehound, liquorice-root, camphor, vpi- 
 um, benzoin, dried squills, oil of anisded, and 
 honey. It has the same properties a^ the ahove. 
 See Marrubium. • 
 
 Balsam, Hongaeian, see Pintis mughos'. 
 
 Balsam,^ Hypnot'ic, Bal'samum Hypiiot'i- 
 eum, (F.) Bauwie Sypnotique. A preparation 
 of which opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and 
 scrme other .sedative substances form the basis. 
 It is used externally in friction, to proy6ke 
 sleep. 
 
 Balsam, Hysteh'ic, Bal'samum Hy.ster'ic'wm, 
 (F.) B-awine Hysterique. A preparation made 
 off opium, aloes, asafcEtida, castor,' distilled oils 
 of, rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, ap- 
 plied to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogas- 
 trium in hysterical cases. 
 
 Balsam, Ihdian, see Myroxylon peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam of Leictoure bf Condom or Vin- 
 CEGUEREi Bal'sarnum Lectoren'sl. A strongly 
 stimulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, 
 saffiron, musk, and .ambergris, dissolved in es-' 
 sential oils. ' The ancients burnt it for the pur- 
 pose of purifying the air of a chamber, when 
 infested with a disagreeable odour. 
 
 Balsam op Life of Hoff'man, Bal'samum 
 Vitee Soffman'rd, (F.) Biiume de Vie d^ Hoffman. 
 A tincture, composed of essential oils . and am- 
 bergris, employed internally and externally as 
 a- stimulant. A mixture of essential oils with- 
 out alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, B'al'- 
 sa/mv/m apoplec'ticum,, B. aromat'icum,, B: ^ee- 
 phal'icum, B. Saxo?lficum, B, nervi'num., B. 
 ScHEEZEElj B. Stomach'icum. Employed in 
 friction as a stimulant. 
 
 Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes composi- 
 tom — b. of Lifei Turlington's, see Tinctura 
 benzoini composita.. 
 
 Balsam op Locatel'li or Lucatel'li, BaV- 
 samum I/ac'atel'li', (F-) Bawnie de I/ucat^l. A 
 sort of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpen- 
 tine, sherry, and balsani of Peru, coloured with 
 red Saunders. It was once administered In pul- 
 monary consumption. 
 
 Balsam aj^ Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamnm 
 — t). Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. 
 Natural, see "Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 BaIsam, GaEENyOP Metz, Bal'samum Vir'idS 
 ]}ileten'sium>, BaX'sa/lmCm Vir'idB, (F.) Baume 
 vert de Metz, Baurm de Feuillet, 'MuUe verte, 
 Cfleum Bx'ydi cupri vir'idi. This is composed 
 of several fixed oils, holding, in solution, sub- 
 carbonate of copper, siilphate of zinc, turpen- 
 tine, aloes, and the essential oils of cloves and 
 juniper. It is green and caustic, and is em- 
 ployed to hasten the cicatrization bf atonic ul- 
 cers. 
 
 BaJiSam, Nepheit'ic, op Fuller, Bal'samum 
 Nephrei'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com- 
 posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have 
 experienced an incipient state of carbonization 
 from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was givtin 
 in the dose of 15 to 30 .drops in certain affec- 
 tions of the kidneys. 
 
 Balsam, Nervous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, 
 
 (F.) Baums nervin ou nerval. A kind of oint- 
 ment, composed^of fatty bodies, volatile oils, 
 balsam of Peru, camphor, &c. "It is employed 
 in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic 
 pains. 
 
 Balsam, Paealyt'ic, of Mynsicht; A sort 
 of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils 
 of different aromatic plants, oils of ttirpentine 
 apd amber. — Lemery. 
 
 Balsam op Paeei'ea brava, Bal'samum, Pa- 
 rei'rce bravce. A soft mixture of balsam, resin, 
 muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of ' 
 Pareira brava. It is given illternally, to excite 
 the urinary secretion. 
 
 Balsam, Peruvian, see MyrOxylon Peruife- 
 rum— b. bf Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum 
 ^b, of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 Balsam of Rackasi'iIa or of.RAXASi'Ri. This 
 substance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi- 
 transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening 
 by heat; adhering to the teeth. When chewed. 
 It has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of 
 Tolu, and is slightly bitter. It is brought from 
 India in gourd shells, and has been employed 
 in diseases of the urinary- organs, especially in 
 gonorrhoea. 
 
 Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of 
 the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. 
 Internally, stintiulant and Amxetic; externaltiy, a 
 vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra. 
 
 Balsam of Saxuen, Bai'sa/mUm Satur'm,,- A 
 solution of acetate of lead in spirit of tiirpen- 
 tine, concentrated by evaporation ; and to whjch 
 camphor has been added. This balsam was ap- 
 plied to hasten the cicatrization- of wounds. 
 
 Balsam of the Sam^r'iTan, (F.) Baum^i dii 
 Somaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by 
 boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts 
 of wine and oil. It is isaid to havebeerf the 
 ointment'iused by the Sarnaritan of the GoSpel 
 to cure a patient covered with ulcers. 
 
 Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann. 
 
 Balsam of SuLPHUR,'5o^'5a7raKw Sul'phuris, 
 (F.) Bdmne de Soufre. A solution of sulphur 
 in oil. — B. sulph. anis'a'tttm, (F.) B. de Soufre 
 anise. A solution of sulphur in essentialoilof 
 aniseed; given as a carminative.-r-B. Sulph. 
 succina'tum, (F.) B. de Soufre suecin'e. . A so- 
 lution of sulphur in piljof amber .^-S. Suljphuris 
 terebinthina'tum, Common Dutch Drops, (F.) 
 B. de soufre terihinthini. A solution of sul- 
 phur in essential, oil of turpentine, administered 
 as a diuretic. — The Balsam of Sulphur ojf Ru- 
 LAND is a solution of sulphur in linseed oil or 
 nut oil. 
 
 Balsam or Sy;m'pathy, Balsamum Sympath/-' 
 icum, ^¥.) Baume' deSyTripathie.- -A balsam, 
 used in the days when sympathetic influence 
 Was strongly believed, in- It was composed of 
 the raspings of a human skull, blood, and human 
 fat, and was applied to the instrument which 
 had inflicted the jvound. ■ -, 
 
 Balsam, Tbibaut's. A tincture of myrrh; 
 aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort, 
 and Chio terpentine. Internally, diuretic; eas-. 
 ternally, vulnerary. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum. 
 
 Balsam, Tt^kvki'uiz,: Bal'sammm'tfanquil'lwtu, 
 (F.) B. tranquille. A liquid medicine employed, 
 externally, in the shape of friction: it is pre- 
 pared by macerating and boiling, in olive oil, 
 narcotic and poisonous plants,— ..belladonna, 
 man'dragora, hyoscyamus, &c. — and afterwards 
 
BALSAMADENDRON 
 
 102 
 
 BANDAGE 
 
 infusing, in the filtered decoction, different aro- 
 matic plants. It was employed as an anodyne. 
 Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephaluin Canari- 
 eose. 
 
 Balsam of Tmi'PENTiNi:, Dutch I)rops,Bal'- 
 samum Terebin'thince. Obtained by distilling 
 oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red 
 balsam is left. It possesses the properties of 
 the turpentines. 
 
 Balsam, VEBTAiN's,'Tinctura Benzoini com- 
 posita. 
 ' BalsaH, yuL'MEEAKT, OF JIimdeee'rds, Bal'- 
 sa/mum. vuhiera'rium Mindere'ri) (F.) B> vulne- 
 raire de MiNDEEt;R. . A kind of lininient, com- 
 posed of turpentine, resin eleriii, oil of i St. John's 
 wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as 
 a dressing to wounds. 
 Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulvak 
 Balsam, Wound, Tinctura Benzoini com- 
 posita. 
 
 BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE, 
 Amyris Gileadensis— rbt Myrrha, see Myrrha. 
 BALSAMEL^ON, Myroxylon Peruiferum., 
 BALSAM'IC, SaUam'icus, from ^iK<rx/,tov, 
 ' balsam.' Possessing the qualities of balsams. 
 Balsamic odtmr : — a sweet, faint, and slightly 
 nauseous smell. Balsamic substance; — one 
 jresembling the balsams in property. 
 
 BALSAMIER ELiMIFMB, Amyris ele- 
 mifera — b. de la Meeque, Amyris ppobalsa- 
 mum. 
 BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina. 
 BALS AMINE, MomOrdica balsamina. 
 BALSAMITA FCEMINEA, Achillea agera- 
 tum — b. Mas, Tanificetum balsamita. 
 
 Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta, B. 
 maris, Mtntha Saracen'ica, M. Roma'iia. Fam. 
 Comppsitae Corymbiferae. , Sex. Syst. Synge- 
 nesia Pdlygamia superflua. A plant, common 
 in the south of France, and cultivated in -the 
 gardens ; where it bears the names Mcnthecog, 
 iGrand baii/me, Banime des Jardins, Its smell 
 is strong and aromatic, and taste hot. _ It is 
 used for the same purposes as the tansey, i. e. 
 a£ a stimulant, vermifuge, &c. 
 
 Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa- 
 mita. > 
 
 BALSAMO-SACCHAEUM, Elaeo-Saocha- 
 rum. 
 
 BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris ,opobal- 
 samum — b. ^gyptiacum, see Amyris opobal:- 
 samum — ^b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
 — b. Alpini, DracocephalumCanariense — b. Al- 
 pini, see Amypsopobalsamum-pb. Aijodynum, 
 Linimentum saponis et opii — h'. Apoplecticum; 
 Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. Aromatieumi 
 Balsam of life of Hoffmann— b. Asiaticum, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — b. Braziliense, Copaiba 
 — b. Calaba, see Eagara octandra — b. Catholi- 
 cum, Tinctura benzoini composita — b. Cepha- 
 licum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann — b. CopaibaB, 
 Copaiba — b. Genuiiium antiquorum, see Amy- 
 ris opobalsamum— b.Hyperici simplex, see Hy- 
 pericum perforatum — b. Judaicum, see Amyris 
 opobalsamum — b. Libani, see Pinus cembra-^ 
 b. MarisB, see Fagara octandra — ^b. e Mecc4, see 
 Amyris opgbalsamum— b. Mercuriale, ^nguen- 
 ti»m hydrargyri nitratis— b. Nervinum, Balsam 
 of life of Hoffmann — b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum 
 saponis camphoratum — ^b. Ophthalmicum ru- 
 brum, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — 
 b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoini composita — b.. 
 Peruanum, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. Sa- 
 
 turninum, -Unguentum plumbi superacetatb— 
 b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann— b. 
 Stomachicumj Ba,lsam of lif? of.Hoffmann— b. 
 StyraciSj Styrax— b. Styracis benzoini, Benja- 
 min — b. Succini, see Succinum — b. Sulphuris 
 Barbadense, .Petroleum sulphnr&tum — b. Sul- 
 phufis simplex. Oleum sulphuratum — b. Syiia- 
 cum, spe Amyris opobalsamum — b. Tolutannm, 
 see Toluifera balsamum — b. TraUmaticum, 
 Tinctura benzoini composita — ^b. Universale, 
 Unguentum plumbi superacetatis-^b. Viride, 
 Balaami green, of Metz; see Fagara. octandra. 
 BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum. 
 BAMBA, Bamboo. 
 BAMBALIA, Balbuties. 
 BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balg, Bala'tro, from 
 /8a^i(Ss(/i», 'I speak inarticulately.'. ,Ons who 
 stammers or lisps, or utters inarticulate sounds. 
 According to Krause, one who speaks a? if he 
 had pap in his mouth, or as if the tongue were 
 paralyzed. 
 
 BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bamiu. Ptm. 
 Gramineae. Sex, S^st. Alexandria ■ Monogy- 
 nia. The young shoots df Bamhos anindina'- 
 cea or Arun'do bambos,ajid oi Bamhos vertieiU 
 la'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of which the 
 people pf both the Indies are very fond. They 
 are sometimes made into a pickle. 
 
 BAMBOS ARUNDINAQEA, Baml)oo-vb. 
 Verticillata', Bamboo. 
 
 BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abetaios- 
 chus. ' . 
 
 BAMMA, from iS^tttcu, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; 
 a dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in 
 which certain bodies were plunged, to moisten, 
 or soften them._ In the case of tea,,fOr' instance, 
 into which bread is dipped, the tea would be 
 the ba!m/nui, 
 BANANA, Musa sapientum. . . 
 BANANIER, Musa sapientum. 
 BAN AUSIA, Charlatanry. 
 BANC D'HIPBOCRATE, BathTon. 
 BANCAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs. 
 It includes the valgus, compemis, and varus, 
 which see. 
 
 BANCROCHE, (F.) A.vulgar epithet fcr. 
 a rickety individual. 
 
 BAN'DASiEf.DesmajSi/ndes'mus, HypbdM- 
 mis, Hgpodesma, Hypodes'rrms, (the last thtee 
 ^gnify properly an under bandage.) A iindet, 
 from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with 
 the.' French, is generally used to! expf ess the 
 methodical application of rollers, compresses, 
 &c., Ban'daging, Syn'desis, to fix an apparatus 
 upon any part, — corresponding to the words de- 
 liga'tio,fasciq/tio, fascia' rv/m applica'tio, epie^' 
 esis. With us the noun is usually applied (6 
 the result of the application, or to the bandage 
 itself ;-^a sense in which the French employ 
 the word Bam.de. Ba,ndages are simple or com- 
 pound. The simple bandage is equal, if the 
 turns are applied circularly above each other; 
 unequal, if the turns are not accurately applied 
 upon each other. If each turn of the bandage 
 be only covered one third, it forms the dolmf 
 of the French; if the edge^ touch only slightly, 
 it is the mousse; if the turns are very oblique 
 and separated, it is thp spiral or, creeping, (F.) 
 ramvpant; if folded upon each other, it is termed 
 the reversed, (F.) renverse. By uniting various 
 kinds of bandaging, we have the compound; and 
 these compound bandages have received various 
 names expressive of their figure, or of the parts 
 
BANDAGE 
 
 103 
 
 BAOBAB 
 
 to which they are applied, as eapistrum, sficof 
 &c. Bandages are divided, also, as regards 
 their uses, into uniting, dividing, retaining, 
 eofpelling, compressing, ^c. 
 
 Bandage or Roller, -Faa'ciu, (q.v.) Tcs'nfa, 
 Epides'ws, Vin'cultum, the Bande of the French 
 is derived - from (G;) b i n d e n, ' to bind.' It 
 may be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff 
 cabbie of offering a certain resistance. The 
 two extremities of a bandage are called tails, 
 (F.) ehefs, and the rolled part is termed its 
 htlid, (F.) globe. If rolled at both extremities, 
 it is called a djauhU-keaded roller or bandage, 
 (S.ySande a deux, globes. 
 
 Bandage, Body, Manti'lB, (F.) Bandage de 
 Corps, \% used for fixiiig dressing?, &c; to the 
 trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some 
 large compress, folded three or four times; the 
 extremities of Which are fastened, by pins. 
 This is again fixed by means of the scapulary, 
 bandage^ which- is nothing more than an ordi- 
 nary bandage, stitched to the anterior and mid' 
 die part of the napkjii, passing over the, clavi- 
 cles and behind the head, to be attached to the 
 back part of the napkin. 
 
 Bandage, Compeessing, or Rollee, Fascia 
 cotapressi'va sSu convolu'ta,{F.)IRandagecom- 
 pressif ou roule, is the simple roller with one 
 head; and is employed in cases of ulceus, va- 
 rices, &c. of .the limbs. Whenever this roller 
 is applied to the lower part of the limbs, it is 
 carried Upwards by the doloire and reversed 
 methods above described. v 
 
 Bandage Divisif, Dividing bandage — h. en 
 J^oloire, Doloire, 
 
 Bandage, Eighteen-tailep, Fas'cia octod'- 
 feim capifibus (F.) Bandage a ^ix kuit chefs. 
 This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion 
 of a common roller; and with a sufficient num- 
 ber of transverse pieces or tails,to cover as 
 much of the part as is requisite. It is a very 
 nseful bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone 
 without disturbing the part. ^ 
 
 Bandage, Galen's, or B. for the Poor,-Fas'- 
 «a! Gale'ni sen Fau'perum, (F.) Bandage de 
 Galien ou des Fauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of tit- 
 euHus or hood, (F.) Cduvrecjiefi divided into 
 thrpe parts on each side; and of which Galen 
 has given a description. See Cancer Galeni. 
 
 Bandage, Hernial, see Truss — ^b. Immo- 
 vable, A'pparatus, immovable. 
 
 Bandage, In'gdinal, -Fuw'cia inguvna'lis, A 
 bandage for keeping' dressiJigs applied to the 
 groin. It consists "-of a cincture, to which, is 
 attached a triangular compress, adapted for 
 covering the groin. , To the lovver extremity 
 of this, one or two bandages are attached, which 
 pass under the thigh, and are fixed to the pos- 
 terior part of the cincture. . This bandage may 
 be either simple or double. 
 
 .Other bandages will b? found described un- 
 der their Various names. 
 
 Bandage, Permanent, Apparatus, irnmova- 
 We — ^b. of the Poor, see Cancer Galeni; and 
 Bandage, Galea's. ' . ' 
 
 Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of 
 SctTETE'TUS, Fas' da fasd'olis separa'tim dis- 
 pot'itis seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage ci bande- 
 lettes »eparees ou de Scultet. This is formed 
 of linen strips, each capable of surrounding once 
 and a half the part to which they have to be 
 applied, and plaped upon each other, so as {to 
 cover successively one-third of their width. 
 
 It is used chiefly for Tra,cture8, requiring fre- 
 quent dressing. 
 
 Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — J. Unissant, 
 Uniting bandage. 
 
 BANDAGING, see Bandage— b. Doctrine 
 of, Desmaturgia. 
 
 BAN'DAGIST. One whose business it is to 
 miake bandages, and especially those for hernia. 
 
 BANDE, Bandagf. The word Bande, in 
 anatomy, is used by the French for various 
 narrow, flat, and elongated expansions. Banda 
 d'Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for supporting 
 the mammae. 
 
 BANDEAU, (F.) A kind of simple ban- 
 dage, which consists of a piece of cloth, folded 
 four times, and applied round the head. There 
 IS also the Bandeau otTMouchoir entriangle or 
 triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechef 
 (which see,) made of a square piece of cloth, or 
 of a handkerchief, folded diagonally, and ap- 
 plied round the head. 
 
 BANDELETTE,{Y.) Diminutive of Som^^e, 
 Fasdolaf TcBniola, Vitta; a narrow bandage, 
 strip or fillet. Also Taenia senjicircularis (q.v.) 
 
 BANDELETTES AGGIXfTlNATIVES, 
 small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster. 
 Vitta agglutinan'tes. See Agglutinant. 
 
 BANDELETTES DECOVPiES, are 
 strips of linen, notched' on one edge, and co- 
 vered, on one side, with ointment. They are 
 applied to wounds to prevent the lint from 
 sticking, and the laceration of the cicatrix. 
 
 BANDELETTE SEMICIRGULAIRE, 
 TaBnia semicircularis— 4. des Cornes d'anyaumy 
 Corpus fimbriatum — b\ des imminences pyri- 
 formies; Taenia semicircularis — b. de I'Hippo- 
 campe. Corpora fimbriata,. 
 
 BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria. 
 
 BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosls. 
 
 BANEBEKRY, Actaa spicata. 
 
 BANGUE, Bangi or Beng, Indian hemp, 
 Gunjah, Hachisch. Adanson believes this to 
 bethe Nepenthes a£ the ancients, Cartlnabis In'- 
 dica, (F.) Chanvre Indien, probably-identical 
 with C. satiya: Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst. 
 DicEcia Pentandria. It? leaves and flowers are 
 narcotic and astringent. Thsy are chewed and 
 smoked. Its seeds, mixed , with opium, areca, 
 and sugar, produce a kind of intoxication, and 
 are used for this purpose by the people of In- 
 dia. An alcoholic extract of the plant has been 
 used in India, and since then in Europe and in 
 this country as a narcotic, and anti-convulsive, 
 in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more. 
 It requires, however, great caution in its ad- 
 ministration. See Gtjnjah and Chuerxis. 
 
 BANICAj Pastinaca sativa. 
 
 BANILAS, Vanilla. 
 
 BANILLA, Vanilla. 
 
 BANILLOES, Vanilla. 
 
 BANISTE'RIA ANGULO'SA. This plant, 
 in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a power- 
 ful sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of 
 serpents.. 
 
 BANNlfiRES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Banni^res is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca- 
 hors, France. The waters are probably chaly- 
 beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhcea, 
 oachexiaj.jaundice, &c. 
 
 BA'QBAB. The Aaanso'nia digita'ttp, of 
 Africa ; ■ Nat. Qrd. Bombaceae ; one of the 
 largest productions qf the vegetable kingdom. 
 Its fruit is called, in the country^ Fain da singe. 
 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA 
 
 104 BAERE, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 
 The pulp is sourish, and agreeable to eat : and 
 a refreshing drink is made from it, which is 
 nsed in fevers. Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. 
 Frank think that the Terra Lemnia was pre- 
 pared, in Egypt, from, the pulp. , All tlje parts 
 of the Baobab abound inl mucilage, i 
 
 BAPTISIA TINfcf ORIA, Sophora tincto- 
 ria. 
 
 BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire. 
 
 BARAQIXETTE, (F.) A name given by 
 Rasous, physician at Nimes in France, to a ca- 
 tarrhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. 
 See Influenza. i 
 
 BARATHRON, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 BARATHRUM, Antrum. 
 
 BARBA, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum macula., 
 turn — b. CaprEB, Spiraea almaria — b. Joyis, Sem- 
 pervivum tectorum. 
 
 BARBADOES, see West Indies— b. Leg, see 
 
 BARBAREA, Erysimum Barbarea. 
 BARBAROS'S^ Vll.'Vl.!lE, Barbarossa's 
 Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, 
 rhubarb, diagridiuiii, musk, &c. Jt was the 
 first internal mercurial medicine, which ob- 
 tained any real credit. 
 BASSE, Beard — b. de Boite, Tragopogon. 
 BARBEAU, Cyanus segetura. 
 BARBER-CHIRUR'GEONS. A Corpora- 
 tion of London, instituted by king Edward IV. 
 The Ijarbers were separated from the surgeons, 
 by 18 Geo. II., c. 15 ; and the latter were 
 erected into a Royal College of Surgeons at the 
 commencement of the present century. 
 
 BARBERIE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Th^se mineral waters are hajf a league from 
 Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chloi:ides 
 of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
 carbonates of magnesia, UmeJ and iron. They 
 are used as chaiybeates. ' 
 
 BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni— b. Ameri- 
 can, see Oxycantha Galeni. ■ 
 
 BARBIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly 
 prevalent in India, and by many considered to 
 be the same as Beriberi (q. v.). Beriberi is 
 commonly an acute disease. Barbiers is gene- 
 rally chronic. 
 BARBITIUM, Beard. . 
 
 BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica. 
 BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraa ulmaria. 
 BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pi- 
 lulae antibiliosae. 
 BARDADIA, Pound. ' 
 BARD ANA, Arctium lappa — ^b. Minor, Xan- 
 thium. 
 BARDANE PETITE, Xanthmm. 
 BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bareges is a village in the department of Hautes 
 Pyrenees, near which are several springs. 
 They are sulphureous and therjnal,, the heat 
 varying from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They 
 contain chlorides of magnesiuni and sodium,, 
 sulph^teff of magnesia-and lime, carbonates of 
 lime,, sulphur, &c. These springs have long en- 
 joyed a high reputation, and are daily advised 
 in cutaneous and scrofulous affections, &c. 
 
 Factitious Barkges Water, Aqua Baregi- 
 nen'sis,^(F.) Eau de Bareges, is made by add- 
 ing, hydrosulphuretted ^ water, i. giv, to pure 
 water, i. givijss, carbonate of soda, gr. xvj, 
 chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely. - 
 BARGADA, Convolvulus pes'capris. 
 BARIGLIA, Soda. 
 
 BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate rf 
 . — ^b. lotlidum. Baryta, hydriodate of, 
 
 BARILLA, Soda — b. Alicant, Soda— b. Car- 
 thagena. Soda — ^b. Turkey, Sodi. 
 
 BARILLOR, Soda. 
 
 BARIUM, Ba'ryWm, Pluto'niwm, frqm fapvf, 
 ' heavy.' The metallic base of barytaj so'called 
 from the great density of its compounds. 
 
 Barium, Chdoride op. Baryta, muriate' o^ 
 b. CJilorure dt. Baryta, muriate of^— b. Iodide of. 
 Baryta, hydriodate of— -b. Protoxide of. Baryta. 
 
 BARK; Cinchona — b. Bitter, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens — ^b. Calisaya, Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex 
 — b. Caribaean, Cinchonae Caribseae cortex— h. 
 Garthagena, see Cinchona: — b. Crown, Cinchona 
 lancifoliae cortex — b. Elkj Magnolia glauca — b. 
 Essential salt of, see "^ Cinchona — b. Florida, 
 Pinckneya pubens — ^b. Georgia, Pinckneya pn- 
 bens — b. Gray, see Cinchona — ^b. Huanuco, see 
 Cinchona-^b. Indian, Magnolia glauca — ^b. Je^ 
 suit's, Cinehona-^b. Loxa, Cinchonae lancifolise 
 cortex — b. Pale, CinchonsE lancifolia: cort^^- 
 b. Maracaybo, see Cinchona — b. Peruvian, Cin-t 
 choiia — ^b. Pitaya, Cinchonae ^Caribaeae cortei— 
 b. Red, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex — b. Saint 
 Lucia, Cinchona Caribaeae cortex — b. Sanfo 
 Martha, see Cinchona — ^b. Silver, see Cinchona 
 — ^b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifoliffi cortex. 
 
 BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara Schulli. 
 BARLEY, PEARL, see Hordeum^b. Scotch, 
 Hordeum. 
 BARM, Yest. 
 
 BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bar- 
 net is not far from London, The water is of a 
 purging quality, like that of Epsom, and about 
 half the strength. ' ■ _ ' 
 
 BAUOMACROWF.T'ER,Pcedobafvmacrom'- 
 eter, P adorn' eter, from (S=<goj', < weight,' /jiaxfioi, 
 'long,' and ^ETgov, 'measure.' An instrument 
 invented by -Stein to indicate the length and 
 weight of a new-born infant. 
 
 BAEOM'ETER, Baroscvp'iiim, Sa'roscopt, 
 from (Soget, ''weight,' and /Ufrjot, 'measure.' 
 (F.) Baromitre. An instrument which mea- 
 sures the Weight of the air. A certain degree 
 of density in this iUedium is necessary for health. 
 When we ascend high mountaihs great inconve- 
 nience is experienced, owing to the diminished 
 density. Changes of this character are indi- 
 dicated by the BarometeT or weather-glass. 
 
 BA'ROS, /Sagos, 'heaviness.' Employed by 
 the Greek physicians to designate the feeling 
 of lassitude and heaviness observable in many 
 diseases. — Hippocrates, Gralep. 
 ' BAROSCOPE, Barometer. 
 
 BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of. 
 
 BARRAS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre 
 is a small town, six leagues from Strasburs. 
 The waters are thermal, apd contain much 
 iron, calcareous salt, &c. They are diuretic 
 and tonic. 
 
 BARRE (F.) Barrure, Vara, ' a bar.' A 
 projection or prolongation of the symphysis pu- 
 bis ! — a defoVmity rendering delivery difficult. 
 
 BARR£E (F.) a term 'applied,, in France, 
 to a female Whose pelvis has the deformity de- 
 scribed under Barre. 
 
 BARREES, (DEjyTS.) The molar teeth, 
 when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that 
 they cannot be extracted without being broken; 
 
BARREL OF THE EAR 
 
 105 
 
 BASILIC 
 
 or without a poTtion of the alveolar arch being 
 xenKjved. 
 BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 BARRENNESS, Sterilitas. 
 BARROS, Terra Portugallica. 
 BARRUliE, Sarrei 
 BARYCOCCALON, Datura strtiinonmm. 
 
 BARYCOITA, Baryecoia. 
 BARYECOI'A, Barycoi'ta, Btadyeeoi'a, Pa- 
 racn*sia obtv/sa^ DisecQt'a, D^secOB*a, Atidi'tus 
 di^c'HHsy Ohaitdi"tio, Ohattdi't'it.Sj A, grasns^ 
 A. i'^minu'tusj Eypoeopko* sis , Hypochyrd'siSf^ 
 (F.) Dtireti d'&reille, from |*«e»s, 'heavy,' and' 
 axori, 'hearitvg.' Hardness of hearing, ittcom* 
 plete deafness. See Copfcosis, and Deaihess. 
 
 BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties. 
 
 BARYGLOSSIA, Paryphonia. 
 
 BARYI HYDRAS lOD ATI, Barytr, hydrii- 
 date jof. 
 
 BARYLALIA, Baryphonia. 
 
 SARYOD'YNE, from '?ttfiv(, 'heavy,' and 
 oUvvtj, ' pain.' A dull, heavy pain. 
 
 BARYPHO'NIA, Banjglos^sia, Baryla'lia, 
 Loque'la im^edi'ta, from C»5»;, 'heavy,' and 
 <pi»>vi;, f voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech. 
 
 BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 
 BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
 
 BARYTA, from jJijuj, ' heavy,' Tarra pon- 
 dero'sa^ Bary^tes, Protigx'ide afBa'rium^ Heavy 
 Earthy Ponderous Earth, (^ .y^Baryte, Barite, 
 Terre pesoMte. This earth and its soluble salts 
 are all highly corrosive poisons. It is never 
 employed id medicine in the pure state." When 
 externally applied, it is caustic, like potassa 
 and soda. 
 
 Baey'ta, Cak'boNate of, Bary'tat Car'honas, 
 (F.) Carbonate de Baryte, is only used bffici- 
 "nally to obtain the muriate. 
 
 Baryta, TiiYVi:s.i'oDA.'TKOT,Barytce Hydrwdas, 
 Baryta Hydriod'ica^ hydras Baryi loda'ti, (in 
 the dry state, — '-Iodide hf Barium, Barii lod'i- 
 dum, B. loda'ttim,) has'been given in scrofulous, 
 and similar rho]^bid conditions. It may be id- 
 ministered internally in the dose of one-eighth 
 of a grain three or four times a day, and be ap- 
 plied externally to scrofulous ' swellihgs, in the 
 form of ointment, (gr. iv. to §j Of lard.) 
 
 Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
 
 Baryta, Mu'riate oir HTDRcrcHi,o'RATE or, 
 Bary'tcB mu'rias, Cklo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'rii 
 Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.) Chlo'runit of Ba'rium, 
 Terra pondero'sa sali'ta, seu muria'ta, Sal nturi- 
 at'icum bar'ot'icifm., Bara'tes saU'fiis, (F.) Chlo- 
 rufe de barium, is the Combination chiefly used. 
 The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as fol-' 
 lows: Baryt. Carbon., in fragments, Jsj. Add. 
 Muriat. i. ^xij. Aquas, Oiij . Mix the acid with 
 the Watea^ and gradually add the Carbonate of 
 Baryta. Toward the close of the'effervescence, 
 apply a gentle heat, and, whett the action has 
 ceased, filter the liquor, and boil it down so that 
 crj'stals may form as it cools. Ph. XT. S, 
 
 It is given in the form of the Solu'Ho Muria'- 
 tis Baryta, Ijiquor Barii Chh'ridi, Aqua bary'- 
 tee nmria'tis, (F.) Solution de JNtiiriaiedeBaryte, 
 (^Muriate of Baryta, one part ; distilled water, 
 three parts,) and is employed' in scrofulous cases, 
 worms, and cutaneous diseases. Bxternally, to 
 fungous ulcers and to specks on the cornea. 
 
 Barttje CarboNas, Baryta (Carbonate) — V. 
 Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of — b. Murias, 
 Baryta, muriate of. 
 
 EARTTS, Baryta — b. Carbonate de, Baryta, 
 Carbonate of. 
 
 BARYTHMIA, Melancholy^ 
 . BARYUM,,see Barium. 
 B AS-FOND, see Urinary Bladder. 
 BAS-LASSM, Stocking, lacecf. 
 JBAS VENTRE, Abdomett. 
 BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the 
 decdction of whose leaves, in vvater, with gin- 
 ger, is used as a gargle'ih diseases of the fauces. 
 The kernels of the fruit are vermifuge. 
 
 BASANASTRA'GALA, from ^aaavof, ' tor- 
 ture,' and aoTgx)'a\ge, 'the astragalus.' Pain 
 in the ankle joint ;^ gout in the foot. 
 
 BASANIS'MOS,from jJoa-OTcU"', 'toexplore.' 
 'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination. 
 — Hippociatea, Galen.- 
 
 BASli,' Basis, from fiaivaif 'I proceed,' 'I 
 rest,' ' I support myself.' That which serves as 
 a foundation or support. That which enters, 
 as a principal matter, into a mixture or combi- 
 nation. In anatomy, it is employed in the for- 
 mer sense, as Base of the Cranium, Base of the 
 B^ain — Basis -seu Pavimen'tum cere'hH; Base 
 of a Process, Sj-e., Base of the heart-^lBasis vel 
 coro'naedrdii. -jn the art of prescribing. Basis 
 is the chief substancfe which, enters into a com- 
 pound formula. 
 
 BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane, 
 basement. 
 
 BASIATIO, Coition. . 
 
 BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 BASIL, BUSH, Ocymuin caryophyllatum — 
 b. Citron, Ocymum basilic!uiri— 7b. Common, 
 Ocjhnum basilicum — b- Small, Ocymum caryo- 
 'phyUatum-r-b. "^ild, Cbenopodiam vulgare — 
 b. Wild, Cunija jnariana. 
 
 BAS'lL AR, Basila'iis, Bas'ilary, (F.) Easi- 
 Imre. That which belongs to the base, from 
 (*«iri«, 'base.' This name ha>s been given to 
 several parts, which seem to serve as bases to 
 othters. The, sacrum and sphenoid have been 
 henoe so called. 
 
 Basilar Ap.tery,'.i1. lasilafris, A, cervica'- 
 lis,{F.) Ar'th-e ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesocc- 
 phaUque (Cb.) The union of th'e Jwo vertebral 
 arteries. It ascgnds along the middle groove 
 on the inferior surface of the tuber, and is sup- 
 ported, beneath, by the Fossa basilaris. It ter- 
 minates in the posterior cerebral arteries. • 
 
 Basilar Fossa, (F.) &outtiire ou Fosse la- 
 silaire, is the upper surface of the basilary pro- 
 cess,— -so called because it is channeled like a 
 Fossa or Chetter. ThS Tuber annulare rests 
 upon it. 
 
 Basilar Phocess, Proees'sns hasila'ris ossis 
 ocdp'itis, P. cutiAifor'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) 
 Apophy'se Basilaire, Prolongement sous-occi- 
 pvtal, Cu'neiform Process, is the bony projec- 
 tion, formed by the inferior angle of the os oc- 
 cipitis, which is articulated with the sphenoid. 
 
 Basilar Sinus, Sinus trSnsversus. 
 
 Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface Basilaire, is 
 the inferior surface of the process. It is covered 
 by the mucous membrane of the pharynx. 
 
 Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of 
 the loins. 
 
 BASIL 'IC,Bffl«»7'4(!tt«,from|?affiiiKoc,'^ royal.' 
 This name was given, by the ancients, to parts 
 which they conceived to play an important r^le 
 in the animal economy. 
 
 Basilic Vein, Vena Basil'ica, V. Cu'biti in- 
 
BASILIC COMMUN 
 
 106 
 
 BATH 
 
 te'rior, (F.) Yeine Baailique, Veine ctMtale eu- 
 tanie qf Chaussier. This vein is one of those 
 on which the operation of blood-letting is per- 
 fbrmed. It is situate at the internal part of the 
 fold of the elbow, in front of the humeral arte- 
 ry, and is formed by the anterior and posterior 
 cubital veins f and by the median basilic. It 
 terminates, in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. 
 The ancients thought, that the basilic of the 
 right arm had some connexion with the liver, 
 and hence they called it hepatic. The vein of 
 the left arm, for a similar reason, they called 
 splenic. The Median. Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine 
 midiane hasilique,ia one of the branches of the 
 preceding vein. It joins the median cephalic at 
 an acute angle, or rather by a transverse branch, 
 and receives some branches 6f the deep radial 
 and cubital veins, and a considerable subcuta- 
 neous vein— rthe common median. 
 
 BASILIC COMMUN, Ocymum basilicum 
 — b. Sauvage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare. 
 
 BASIL 'ICON, Basil'icum. < Royal,' or of 
 great virtue. An ointment, composed of yel- 
 low wax, black pitcji, and resin, of each one 
 part, olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called 
 Zfnguen'tum Tetraphar''rtiac'imi, (^rsTQaipaQfiaxa; 
 ^four drugs.^) — Celsus. Scribonius' Largus. 
 
 Basilioon, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex, 
 is the Onguent de- Foix et de Cire. In tnost 
 Pharmacopceias, it is represented by the TJn- 
 guen'tum or Cera'tum Besi^nce. It is ,used as 
 a stimulating oi?itment. See Ceratum Resinae, 
 and Unguentum Resinae NigraB. 
 
 B A SILICUM,'jBasilicon, Ocymum Basilicum 
 — b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus, 
 Ocymum basilicum. 
 
 BASILISCUS, Syphilis. ' 
 
 BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
 Hyoglossus. 
 
 BA'SIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from paa,g, 
 ' base,' xiQaf, ' cornu,' and y/toiooa, ' tongue.' 
 A name given to a part of the hyoglossus, 
 which is inserted into the cornu of the, os hy- 
 oides and base of the tongue. 
 
 BASIOCES'TRUM, from (?ao-tf, 'the base,' 
 and zso-Tja, 'a dart.' An instrument for open- 
 ing the head of the foetus in utero, invented by 
 Mesler, a German. 
 
 BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'sus, Hyo- 
 bcisioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from fiaai;, ' base,' 
 and yimrrx, ' the topgue.' A name formerly 
 given to the portion of the hyoglossus which is 
 inserted into the base of the os hyoides. — Rio- 
 Ian, Thomas Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle. 
 
 BASIO PHARY]SrG^'US,from;S«<r,5,'base,' 
 and (fccQvyi, ' the ()harynx.' A name given to 
 some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius. 
 — Winslow. 
 
 BASIS, See Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base 
 of the Brain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b. Cor- 
 poris, Sole. 
 
 BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com- 
 posed of aromatics and honey. — Scriboiiius 
 Largus. , ; 
 
 BASSIN, Pelvis— 3. Oculaire, Scaphium 
 oculare. ^ 
 
 BASSINER, to foment. 
 
 BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney,i Ranun- 
 culus bulbosus. 
 
 BASSWOQD, Tilia. 
 
 BATA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
 
 BAT ABAS, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 B AT A'T AS. The inhabitants of Peru gave 
 this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- 
 cially to the Convolvulus Batatas, or Sweet 
 Potato, (q. V.) Our word, Potato, comes from 
 this. 
 
 BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see 
 Pectoral Drops, Bateman's. 
 
 BATERION, Bathron. 
 
 BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Linimen- 
 turii.saponis et opii. . 
 
 BATH, Anglo-Saxon, ba», Balneum, Bala-^ 
 ne'um, Baline'um, Loutrcn, (F.) Bain. Im- 
 mersion, or Atay, ftr a longer or shoftpr dura- 
 tion, of the whole or a part of the bodyi in some 
 medium, as water. Act of plunging into a li- 
 quid, sand, or other substance, in which it is 
 the custom to bathe, Alsoy the vessel in which 
 the water _is put for bathing. Also, a public 6r 
 private establishment for bathing. 
 
 In Pharmacy, 3. vessel, placed over a fire, 
 and filled with any Substance, into which ano- 
 ther vessel is placed„contajning matters for.di- 
 gestioh, evaporatioOiOr distillation,' 
 
 Bath, Acid, Bal'newm ae"}dum {A<^i- 'nrnri- 
 at. Ibij : AqucB, cong. Ixvi. One half, one third, 
 or one fourth the quantity of acid is more fre- 
 quently^employed;) 
 
 Bath, Air, Hot, see Bath, hot — b. Air, warm, 
 see Bath, hot. ' . 
 
 Bath, Alkaline, Bal'neum, alkali'nvm,. This 
 may be made of half a pouhd_ or a pound of 
 pearlash or of carbonate of soda, to, sixty-six 
 gallons of water. . / 
 
 Bath, Animal, Balneum Anima'U, consists 
 in wrapping an animal recently killed-, or its 
 skin, around the body, or spme part of it. 
 
 Bath, Antipsob'io, Bal'neum antipso'ricvm. 
 Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta- 
 neous diseases. {Potass, swlphuret. ^iy. Aqua, 
 cong. be.). , : ' , 
 
 Bath, Amtistphilit'iCj Bal'neum cmtisypki- 
 lit'icum, Mercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving 
 from two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive 
 chloride of mercury in sixty gallons of water. 
 ■ Bath, Cold, see JBath, hot — b. Cool, see 
 Bath, hot. 
 
 Bath,,Dry, is one made of Ashes, salt, sand, 
 &c. The ancients used these frequently for 
 therapeutical purposes. 
 
 Bath, Earth, Arenatio. 
 
 Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain ilectrique, con- 
 sists in placing the person , upon an insulated 
 stool, communicating, by a metallic wiiey with 
 the principal conductor of the electrical ma- 
 chine in action. The Electric Bath produces 
 general excitenoient of all the functions, and 
 especially of the circulation and secretions.— 
 See Electricity. 
 
 Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, 
 a bath for the feet. 
 
 Bath, Gelat'inotjs, Bal'neum gelatino'swrn... 
 Made by dissolving two pounds of gelat'in in a 
 gallon of waier. 
 
 Bath, General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one, in 
 which the whole body is plunged, except' the 
 head; in contradistinction to the partial bath, 
 Merobalane'um, Merobal'neum. 
 
 Bath, Half, Sermcu'piwm, (q. v.) Excathis'- 
 ma, (q. v.) Inces'sio, Inces'sus, is one adapted 
 for half the body. One, for receiving' only the 
 hips or extremities, is also so called. 
 
 Batu, Hand, Manulu'vium, (F.) Bain de 
 Main ou Manuluve, is a bath for the hands. 
 
BATH, MINERAL WATERS OF 107 
 
 SATTME 
 
 Bath, Heap, Capitilu'iyivm (F.) Baip, de 
 Tkte ou Capitiluve, a bath for^the head. 
 
 Bath, Hip, Coxalu'vium, (F.) Bain de FaU- 
 teuily.Bain de Siege, is one in Which the lower 
 part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs 
 are immersed. ' 
 
 Batk, Hot, Balneum Cal'idttm, Zestglu'sih, 
 (F.) Bain chaud, is a hath, the temperature of 
 which is 98° apd upwards; the Warm Bath, 
 from 92=' to 98° ; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain 
 Tiide, Balneum tep'idum, from 85° to 92°; the 
 Temperate Bath, (F.) Bain Tempore, from 
 75° to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, 
 from 60° tq 75°;, the Colb Bath, Balneum 
 frig"idilmjFrigida'num, (F.) Bainfroid, Bain 
 tres froid; (of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the 
 Vapour Bath, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de 
 Vapeur, ituve Sumide, from 100° to 130°, and 
 upwards. See Vaporarium. A Warm Air 
 Bath, or Hot Air Bath, consists of air the 
 temperature of which is raised; 
 
 ' Bath, Med'icatbd,- Balneum- J^ediea^t-Um, 
 (F.) Bainmedicinal, is a bath, formed of decoc- 
 tions or infusions of vegetable Substances, or of 
 any ingredient, introduced into the water for 
 therapeutical purposes! 
 
 Bath, Mercurial, BathJ antisyphilitia — b. 
 Nitro-muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath. 
 
 Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'rid, (F.) Bain de 
 Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and 
 placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the one 
 is put which contains the substance to be eva- 
 porated. See Psammismus. ,^ 
 
 Bath, Sea Water, Balneum Mar'icB, (F.) 
 Bain Marie, consists of a vessel filled withboil- 
 ing sea water, or salt water, in which the ves- 
 sel is placed, that contains the substance to be 
 evaporated. Bain Marie, is, however, at the 
 present day employed for any form of vvater 
 bath. 
 
 Bath, Shoviteb, Implu'vium, is on& iJi which 
 the water is'made to fall like a shower on the 
 body. See Douche. 
 
 Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing 
 steam into a properly closed vessel in place of 
 ■ water, as in the water bath. 
 
 Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot — b. Tepid, 
 see Bath, hot — bJ Vapour, see Bath, hot, and 
 Vaporarium — b. Warm, see Bath, hot. 
 
 Bathing is much employed in the treatment 
 of disease. The cold bath, especially the cold 
 sea bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the 
 warm bath is a relaxant ; and the hot bath a 
 stimulant. 
 
 The regular use of the bath is extremely con- 
 ducive to health ; but if too much indulged ill; it 
 is apt to produce injurious effects. 
 
 BATH, MINERAL. WATERS OF, Aquce 
 Batho'nicB vel Bad'iza,Aqua Solis, AquaBad'- 
 igum. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in 
 England. They contain bat little impregna- 
 tion, and are chiefly indebted to their tempera- 
 ture, from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their 
 utility. The main ingredients are Sulphate of 
 lime, chloride of sodium^ sulphate of goda, car- 
 bonate of lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic 
 acid and azote. 
 
 These waters are employed in the most hete- 
 rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the 
 simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu- 
 matism, paralysis, &c. 
 
 BA'THER, Same etymon ; Balnea'rius, Sali- 
 nea'tor,' Balnea'tor, (F.)Baigneur. One who 
 bathes. Anciently, the name was given to 
 those that administered baths toihe diseased, — 
 the Mittvistes of the Freiich. 
 
 BATHMIS, Bathmus, ' base, support.' The 
 cavity of a bone, which receives the eminencs 
 of another ; and especially the two Fossettes at 
 the inferior extremity ' of the humerus into 
 which the processes of the ulna are received, 
 during the flexion and extension of the forearm. 
 BATHRON, Bathrum Hippoc'ratis, Scam- 
 n-u/m Hippoc'ratis (q. v.) Bate'rion, 'a step, a 
 ladder.' (F.) Banc d'Hippoerate. An in- 
 strument, used for the extension of a limb, in 
 cases qf fractiire or luxation. The description 
 of it is found in Galen, Oribasius, and Sculte- 
 tus, with a figure. 
 BATHRUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. 
 BATIA, Retort. 
 
 BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
 tjsse is three leagues from Clermont in France. 
 The water is tepid, and contains subcarbqnate 
 and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron, 
 muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. 
 BATOS, Rubus Idaeus. 
 BATRACHUS, Banula. 
 B-'i.TTALISM'US,\Ba«ar«'s'OT«i, from (laT- 
 Tattir,' to stammer.' Balbuties (q. v.) Stam- 
 mering with incapacity to pronoiince thejl. 
 
 BATT'ALUS, Bd,t;tarus,^s.me etymon. A 
 stammerer, a stutterer.. ^ - 
 BATTARISMUS, Battalismus, 
 BATTARUS, Battalus. '' ' . , 
 BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 1 
 
 BATTEMENS DQUBLES, see Bruit du 
 Cmur ftstal. ^ 
 
 BATTEMENT, Pulsation. 
 BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Baudrirourt is a town of Fj-ance, two 
 leagues and a half from Mirecourt. The wa- 
 ters are sulphureous. 
 BAUDRVdHES, ConAom. . 
 BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve o/Tulpius, V. 
 o/FAtLOPiDS,F. of\iis.oi.ii!&,n'eo-ocecal Valve,, 
 tlcQ-colic Valve, VaX'vula Met, Val'vula Coli, V, 
 Cteci, Oper'culum Ilei, Sphincter Ilei^ This 
 name is given to the valve situate transvelrsely 
 at the place where the ileum opens into the 
 coecum, and which Bauhin says he , discovered 
 at Paris, in 1759. If had, however, been pre- 
 viously described by Several anatomists ; as by 
 Vidus Vidius, Postius, &c. 
 
 BAVME, Balsam — b. d'Acier, Balsam, cha- 
 lybeate — b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic — b. 
 d'Aiguilles, Balsanl, chalybeate:; — b. Apoplee- 
 tigue. Balsam, apoplectic — b. d'Arcaus, ArcsBUS, 
 balsam of; see, "also. Balsam of Arcasus— ^4. 
 d'Arcius, Uhguentum elemi comppsitum-^i. 
 Benjmn, Benjamin — b. , Blanc, see Amyris 
 Opobalsamum— 5. du Bresit, Copaiba-^4. dt 
 Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. de Cahnelle, 
 Laurus cinnamomum — b.de Carpathie^ 'Balsam 
 6f Cafpathla — b. de CartAdgine, see Toluifera 
 balsamum — b. de Constantinople blan'c, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — 4. de Cppahu, Copaiba 
 -^b. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of 
 Sennertus — b. d'Eau a feuilles ridies, Mentha 
 crispa — b. de Feuillet, Balsam, green, of Metz 
 — i. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam, spiritu- 
 
BAURAC 
 
 108 
 
 BEDEGAR 
 
 ous, of Fioraventi — b.,de Foweroili^ri, di La- 
 borde. Balsam of Fourcroy or Laboide — b. de 
 Galaad, see Amyris opobajsamum — 5. de Gene- 
 viive. Balsam 6f Genevieve — b. Grand, Tana- 
 cetum balsamita — b. du Grand Cmre, see Amy- 
 ris opobalsamum — b^Hypnotique, Balsam, hyp- 
 notic— i. Hysterique, Balsam^ hysteric— A. des 
 Jardins, Mentha viridis-^i. (?« iitcats/, Balsam, 
 Lucatell'i's — b. Nervin, Balsam, nervous — -b. de 
 Perou, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b. du Sa- 
 maritain. Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, 
 Balsam, Saxon — b. de Soufre, Balsam of sul- 
 fur— 5. de Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy — 6. 
 Tranquille, Balsam, tranquil — 5. de Totu, see 
 Toluifera balsamiim — b. de Vanille, Vanilla — 
 4. Vert, see Fagara octandra — S. Tert de Metz, 
 Balsam, green, of Met? — b. de Vie d'Haffmann, 
 Balsapi of Life, of Hoffin'ahn— 4. de Vie de- Le- 
 likvre,, Tinctura aloes composita — -5. Vrai, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum^-i. Vulneraire de Min- 
 djerer. Balsam, vulnerary, of Mindererus. 
 
 BAURAC, iArai-) Nitre, or salt in general. 
 From this word comes Borax. 
 
 BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bau- 
 rin is a village foUr leagues from Roye, depart- 
 ment of Somme. The vcaters are strongly cha- 
 lybeate. 
 
 BAVE, (F.) Sali'va ex ore fluens, Spwma, 
 Humo r Sali'vus . Frpthy, 1:hick, viscid, saliva, 
 issuing from the mouth. This driveliiig, or, 
 slavering, (q. V.) we see in children, old peo-', 
 pie, ,&c. The term is, also, applied to the 
 fVothy liquid, which flows from the mouth of 
 rabid animals. Sauvages uses it synonymously 
 with Salivation. 
 
 BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glanca—b. Rose, 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum — b. Sweet,Lau- 
 rus — ^b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. macrq- 
 phylla. 
 
 BDALSIS, Sucking. 
 
 BDELLA, Hirudo. 
 
 BDEL"LIUM, Myrrhaimperfec'ta, Bolchon, 
 Madelegn, Balchus. A gum-resin, bi:ought 
 from the Levant and India, and supposed to be 
 obtained froma species oiAmryris, little known. 
 It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of 
 an acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It 
 was much vauntpd by the ancients, but is now 
 little employed. Two different gum-resins 
 have been in the shops distinguished by the 
 names Indian and African bdellvwm. Dr. 
 Royle was informed that the former was ob- 
 tained from Am'yris CoTmniph'ora, growing in 
 India and Madagascar. The latter is said to 
 be from Heudeta'tia Africa'na, which grows in 
 Senegal. 
 
 ' BDELLOM'ETER, from ^hllt, 'a leech,' 
 and Jitx^iv, 'measure;' An instrument,' pro- 
 posed as a substitute for the leech; inasmuch as 
 we can. tell the quantity of blood obtained by 
 it, whilst we cannot by the leech. . It consists 
 of a cupping-glass, to which a scarificator and 
 exhausting syringe are attached. 
 
 BDELLtrS, Fart. 
 
 BDELYGMIA, Fart. 
 
 EDELYGMUS, Fart. 
 
 BDESMA, Flatulence. 
 
 BDOLUS, Fart. 
 
 BEAD TREE, Melia Azedarach. . 
 
 BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Car- 
 thigena — ^b. Egyptian, Nymphaea nelumbor-b. 
 French, Phaseolus vulgaris— b. Garden, com- 
 mon, Vicia faba — b. Kidney, Phaseolus vulga- 
 
 jis__b. Malacca, Avicennia tot^ntosa — ^b., Pon- 
 tic, Nympliasa nelumbo — b. Red, Ahrus, preea- 
 torius — ^b. Sacred, Nelumbiura luteum — b. St. 
 Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b. Trefoil tree, see 
 Cytisine. . \ 
 
 BEAN tree, white, CratSBgus aiia. 
 
 BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BEARD, Bai-ba, Pogo>n, Gehei'on, Barii'li- 
 iiitif (F .) .Barbe. The hair which covers a part of 
 the cheeks, the lips, and chin of the male sex, 
 at the age of puberty. 
 
 BEAR'S ' BREECH, Acanthus mojlis-r-b. 
 Foot, Hellebortts-fcetidus — b* FrightyHeptalldn 
 graveolens— b. Whortleberry, Arbutus uva 
 ursi. ' , . '■ , 
 
 BEARWEED, Veratrum viride, 
 
 BEASTINGS, Colostrum. 
 
 BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart. , 
 
 BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Or- 
 leans. The waters contain snbcarbonate of 
 soda, iron, magnesia, and lime. They are tjmic 
 and aperient* 
 
 BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 BEA<UVAIS, MINERAL. WATERS OF. 
 These waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in 
 Picardie. 
 
 BEAVER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Magnolia 
 glauca — b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru. 
 
 BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
 . BEBEERU, Sipeeri^ A tree, of British Guir 
 ana, which yields, two alk^liesT— Be Jeen?i, Be- 
 beeri'na,' Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine ; and in its 
 properties resembles the Cinchona.- It has been 
 referred to Noctan'dra Rodiei. The tinlber of 
 the tree is known to ship builders by the name 
 greenheart. The Sulphate ofBebeerin has been 
 employed in intermittents. 
 
 BEC, (F .') Rostrum, (q. v.) Bhai. Thisname 
 has been applied to various parts. 
 
 BEC CORACOIDfEN,(W.) Cor'acoidbeai, 
 is the end of the coracoid process. Bee de la 
 plume a ecrire, (F,) Beak of the Calamus Scrip- 
 to'rius, is a small cavity at the superior part of 
 the medulla oblongata, which forms part of the 
 4th ventricle. 
 
 BECDECVILLER,Ha'm/ulus. Aninstru- 
 ment used for the extraction of balls. It con- 
 ,sists of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, havfeg 
 at one_ extremity a small cavity, into which the 
 ball is received to be drawn outwards. See 
 C ochleariformis . 
 
 BEC DE GiJ?7B JKirSQir^, Geranium Mos- 
 chatum — b. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Ro- 
 bertiantim — S. de Liivre, Harelip. 
 
 EEC (Le,) MINERAL WAFERS OF. Bee 
 is six leagues from Rouen in Normandy. The 
 , water is strongly chalybeate. 
 
 BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga. 
 
 BECHjESTHE'SIS, from |5^|, 'cough,' and 
 oio^iiiTTf, ' sensation.' The excitement or desire 
 to cough. 
 
 BECHIA, Tussis. 
 
 BECHIAS, Tussis. 
 
 BE'CHIC, Be'chdca, Becka,. Bec'chica, Be'' 
 chita, from (SijE, ' cough,'- (F.) Bichiqlte, Me- 
 dicines adapted for allaying cough; 
 
 BECHITA, Bechic. 
 
 EECHIUM, TusSilago. 
 
 BECHORTHOPNCEA, Pertussis. 
 
 EECUIBA, Ibicuiba. 
 
 BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedegnard; Span'' 
 
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF 109 
 
 BENEDICTUM 
 
 gia Cynos'bdti, Fungus Rosd'nim, F. Cynos'- 
 bati, (F.) Pom/me mousseust, Aponge d'eglan- 
 tier. An excrescence, which makfes its appear- 
 ance on diif§rent species of wild rpses, and which 
 is produced by the Jjuiicture of a small insect, — 
 the Cynips Rosa. It was formerly employed 
 as a lithontriptic and vermifuge, but is not now 
 used. It was slightly astringent. 
 
 BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bedford is a village, situate on the great West- 
 ern Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pitts- 
 burg, a few miles east of the chief elevation of 
 the Alleghany mountains. There are various 
 springs, saline, chalybeate and sulphureous.-!- 
 The most celebrated contains carbonic acid, 
 sulphate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium and 
 calcium, and carbonate of iron. 
 
 BEDSTRAW, Galium verum— b. Ladies, 
 greater, Galium Tnollugb, Galium verum. 
 
 BEE, SsLX-heo-ApisiMeHs'sajMeHtta, (F.) 
 Abeille. This insect was formerly exhibited, 
 when dried and powdered, as a diuretic. 
 
 BEEBREAD, Propolis. 
 
 BEECH, Fagus-sylvatica— b. Drop, Oroban- 
 che Virginia'na — ^b. Albany, Pte'roipora Andro- 
 medea,— b. Mast, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 BEER, Cerevisia — b.pipsissewa, see Pyrola 
 umbellata. 
 
 BEET, Beta. 
 
 BiGAIEMENT, Balbuties. 
 
 BEGMA, P'jy/ia., according to some Bregma, 
 P{ij)'^a,froin(SijD-!rsii'OrjSg?jo-oeiT, 'to expectorate 
 aftercou^ng.' Coughing; also, the sputum or 
 expectorated matter. — Hippocrates. 
 
 BEGCNIA. The Begonia grmidijla'ra and 
 B. tomento'-sa have astringent roots, which are 
 used in Peru in cases of hemortbage, scurvy, 
 low fevers, &c. 
 
 BkGUE, Balbus. 
 
 BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen— J. Al- 
 bum, Centain;ea behen — b. OJficinarum, Cucu- 
 balus behen — b. Rouge, Statice limonium. 
 
 BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium. 
 
 BEIAHALALEN, Sempervirum tectorum. 
 
 BEID;ELSAR, Ascleplas procera. 
 
 BEJUIO, Habilla de Carthagena. 
 
 EELA-AYE or BE-LAHE. ,A tonic and 
 astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-pe- 
 tit-Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be sub- 
 stituted for the Simaronba. 
 
 BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus 
 of the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid 
 milky juice. From this a liniment is formed 
 with oil and ginger, which is used against the 
 bites of rabid animals. 
 
 BE-LAHE, Bela-aye. ' 
 
 BELA-MODAGAM. a kind of Secevola of 
 the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con- 
 sidered diuretic and ethmenagogue. 
 
 BELANDR'E, (F.) A litter, surrounded 
 with curtains, in which patients are sometimes 
 carried to hospitals. 
 
 BELCHING, Eructation. 
 
 BELEMNOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS,,Styloid pro- 
 cesses. , , ' ■ 
 
 BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID 
 or BEL'OID, Belenoi'des or Beleinnoi'des Pro- 
 ces'sus, from fiekos, 'aU arrow,' and si^o 5, ' shape.' 
 This name has been given to the styloid pro- 
 cesses in general — Processus belenoi'des. 
 
 BELESQN, Baliam, Mussaenda frondosa. 
 
 BELILLA, Mussasnda frondosa. 
 
 BELINUM, Apium Graveolehs. 
 
 BELI OCULUS, Belloculiis. 
 
 BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula tra- 
 chelium. 
 
 BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States, is the .oificinal name of the 
 leaves of Atropa Belladonna, (q. v.) 
 
 BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 BELLEGU, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELLESME, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bellesme is about three leagues fromMontagHe 
 in France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BELLEY, MINERAL- WATERS OF. The 
 waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France, 
 are saline aperients. 
 
 BELLIDOIDES) Chrysanthemum leucan- 
 themum. 
 
 BELLIS, BeWMs ('pretty,') B. peren'viis,B. 
 minor, Bruisewort, Commum Daisy, (F.) Pa- 
 qrierettpiiivace, petite Marguerite. The leaves 
 and flowers are rather acrid. They were, at 
 one time, considered to cure different species of 
 wounds. It is called also S'ym'phytum imn'- 
 imwri. 
 
 sPsLLrs Major, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
 mum. 
 
 BELL METAL, Cal'cocoi, (F.) Airain, 
 Metal des cloehes. An alloy of copper, zinc, 
 tin, and a small quantity of antimony, used for 
 making bells^ The mortars of the apothecary 
 are often formed of this material. They re- 
 quire to be kept clean, to avoid the formation 
 of verdigris. 
 
 BELLOC'ULUS, Beli Ois'ulif,s. ■ A kind of 
 gem, which the Assyrians considered effica- 
 cious in the cure of many diseases. They ima- 
 gined that the figure of an eye could be seen in 
 it, and hence its name, Bel's Eye. 
 
 BELLON,^ Colic, metallic. ^ 
 
 BELLOTAS, see Ilejc majoc^ 
 
 BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de souffiet—\i. 
 Encephalic, see Bruit de souffiet — b. Placental, 
 Bruit placentaire. 
 
 BELLUS, Bellis. 
 
 BELLY-ACHE, Colica^b. Dry, Colic, me- 
 tallic — b. Root, Angelica lucida. 
 
 BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian. 
 
 BELMUSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 
 BELNILEG, Myrobalanus. 
 
 BELOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BELOIDESPROCESSUSjStyloid processes. 
 
 BELONE, Needle. 
 
 BELONODES, Styloid. 
 
 BELQNOID, Belenoid. 
 
 BEL'S EYE, Belloculns. 
 
 BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'lS, vulgarly, Bel- 
 ly-batid. Abdominal supporter. A broad ban- 
 dage applied to the abdomen, so as to support, 
 and make methodical pressure upon it. 
 
 BELUL'CUM, from iSUos, 'a dart,' and 
 '«;i»a), 'I draw olit.' An instrument used for 
 extracting darts or arrows. Many instruments 
 of this kihd have been noticed by ^rgeons. — 
 Ambrose Pare, Fabrlcius ab Acquajpendeiite. 
 
 BELZOE, Benjamin. 
 
 -BELZOIM, Benjamin. 
 
 BELZOINUM, Beajaiftiti. , 
 
 BEN, Guilandina moringa — ^b; of Judaea, 
 Benjamin — b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 BENATH, Pustule. ' ' 
 
 BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio 
 
BJiNMFICE 
 
 110 
 
 BETA 
 
 BiNiFtCE DE LJl NATVRE, Benefi- 
 cium naturae— i. de Ventre, see Beneficium na- 
 turae. ' ' ■ •' ' 
 
 BENEFICIUM NATUOR^, (F.) Benefice 
 de la nature. This terra is used by the French 
 pathologists, for cases, in which diseases have 
 got well without medical treatment. With 
 them, Benefice de nature, or B. de ventre, is 
 synonymous also with Alvi Profiu/vium; — a 
 spontaneous diarrhoea, often acting favourably 
 either in the prevention or cure of diseases': 
 
 BENEL, Crdton racemosum. 
 
 BENEOLENS, from, bene, ' welV and 
 olere, 'to smell.' Euo'Ses, Suaveolens. A 
 sweet-scented medicine, as gums, &c. 
 
 BENG, Bangue. 
 
 BENGALE INDORUM, Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar. 
 
 BENGI, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 BKNIGN', Benig'nus, Euetk'es, (F.) Benin, 
 Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so 
 called: as well as medi^^es whose action is 
 not violent, as a Benign Fever, Febris benig'na 
 impu'tris, &c. 
 
 BENIN, Benign. 
 
 BEN'JAMIN, Ben'zoin,:Benzo'ihum, (Ph. 
 'U. S.) Benzo'inum verum, Be7izo'inv/m, Assa 
 odora'ta, Benjui, Benjuin, Assa dulcis, Bvn'- 
 jaoy, Benjo'inum, BelzqB, Belzoiin, Ben'zoS, 
 Sty'racis Bertzo'ini Bal'samum, lAquor i^yre- 
 ni'acus, Oroton BenzoZ,' Ben of Judte'a, Acor 
 Benzo'inus, ■ Sal Ad'idwni seu essentials sen 
 «olat'illBenzo'es,(^.) Benjoin, Baume Benjoin, 
 Assa doux. A resinous, dry,' brittle substance, 
 obtained from Styrax Benzoin, Arbor Benivi, 
 of Sumatra. The odour is extremely fragrant, 
 and taste slightly aromatic. It is principally 
 used for the preparation of the acid which it 
 contains. It is also employed in some vulne- 
 rary tinctures, and as an expectorant. Benzoic 
 Acid, Ad'idwm Benzo'icum, is obtained from it 
 by sublimation. The purest Benjamin is in, 
 amygdaloid masses: hence called (E.) Benjoin 
 
 Beh'jamin, Fi-owers of, Benzo'ic Add, 
 Ac'^dwrn Benzo'icum, Floras Benzo'is, Flores 
 Benzo'ini, Ac"idwm. Benzo'icum per sublimo' 
 tio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoi'que. This acid ex- 
 ists in all the balsams, but chiefly in Benzpin, 
 from which it is obtained by sublimation. It 
 is in vanilla, canella, the urine of infants, 
 and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is aro- 
 matic and fragrant j taste hot, slightly acidulous, 
 and agreeable. The crystals . consist of white, 
 satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is probably 
 stin;iulant; and has been used, as such, in chronic 
 catarrh; but it has little efficacy. 
 
 BEN,rAOY, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJOINUM, Benjamin. 
 
 BENJUI, Benjamin. 
 
 BEN MOiENJA. A Malabar tree. An 
 alexipharmic decoction is made of its roOts, in 
 the country, which is much praised in cases of 
 malignant fever. Its bark, boiled with Cala- 
 mus aromaticus and salt; forms a decoction 
 used in bites of poisonous serpents. 
 
 BENNE, Sesamum orientale. 
 
 BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum and G. 
 Virginianum. 
 
 BENOITE, Geum urbanum — b. Aquatique, 
 Geum rivale — o. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale 
 — b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum. 
 
 BENZOE, Benjamin. 
 
 BENZOENIL, Tanilla. 
 
 .BENZOIN, Benjamin— b. O'doriferunj, Lau- 
 rus Benzoin. 
 
 BERBERINE, see O^ycantha Galeni. 
 
 BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni — b. Cana--^ 
 densis, see Oxyoantha Galeni. 
 
 BERCE, Heracleum. spondylium. 
 
 BERENDAROS, OcymUm basilicum. 
 
 BERENICE, Succinum. 
 
 BERENICIUM, Potassas nitras. • ' 
 
 BERENISEeUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 .BERGAMOTE, Bergamot'ta, (F.) Berga- 
 motte. A. small orange, of a very agreeable 
 taste; and peculiar odour. From its bark an, 
 oil. Oleum Bergii'mii, (Ph. U. S.) is obt^^ined, 
 which is mucli employed as a. perfume, and 
 sometimes in medicine. 
 
 BER'IBERI, Beribe'ria, Syn'clonus Beribe'-. 
 ria, Indosyn' clonus, Paral'ysis Ber'iberi, from 
 beri in the Singhalese lan^age, -which signifies 
 'weaknessf'_ therefore, beriberi, .'great weak- 
 ness.' This word is also said to be Hindu- 
 sthanee, and to mean a sheep.- — Bontius. Beri- 
 beri is an Indian disease, little known in Eu- 
 rope. It consists in debility and tremors of 
 the limbs, — sometimes, indeed, of the whole 
 body; with painful nurnbness of the affected 
 parts, &c. : — the patient walking doubled; and 
 imitating the movements of sheep ! Some au- 
 thors have esteemed it rheuniatic; others, para- 
 lytic ; others, to be a kind of chorea. It is, al- 
 most always, incurable ; is rarely fatal; and is 
 treated by exercise, stimulant frictions, sudori- 
 fics, &c.~ It is sometimes called Bar'biers, but 
 this wpuld seem to be a different disease. 
 
 BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca. 
 
 BERLE NODIPLORE, Sium. ^ 
 
 BERLUE, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 BERMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulfflpnary 
 invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but 
 the principal objection to a winter residence 
 there, is the prevalence of strong \yinds ; espe- 
 cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west 
 winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it 
 affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical, 
 from any part of the United States, provided 
 due care be selected in choosing a suitable lo- 
 cality. - The ileighbourhood of Hamilton has 
 been strongly recommended with this view. 
 
 BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus. 
 
 BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menisper,mum coC- 
 culus — b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba. 
 
 BERS, A sort of electuary, composed of 
 pepper; seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, 
 euphorbiumi saffron, &c. The Egyptians used 
 it as an excitant. — Prospero Alpini. 
 
 BERU,MINERAt WATERS OF. Beruisin 
 Champagne, France. The waters are slightly 
 chalybeate. 
 
 BESASA, Ruta. 
 
 BESICLES, Spectacles. 
 
 BESOIN, "VVant— j. de Eespirer^ see Want 
 — b. de la Vie, Necessary of life. . 
 
 BESSANEM, A word used by Avicenna, 
 for redness of the skiri, limbs, and face, pro- 
 duced by the action of cold. 
 
 BESSON, >„ _ ,, 
 
 BESSONNE, 5 °^^ i^'emellus. 
 
 BETA. The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette, Bet- 
 terave. Family, Chsno^Aex. Sex.Syst.Veu- 
 tandria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which 
 the following are the chief varieties. 
 
BETEL 
 
 111 
 
 BEZOARDICUM 
 
 Beta Hy'brida, Root of Scarcity. Root red, 
 outside; whitej within. Very nutritive; yields 
 sugar. 
 
 Bej^a VtiLQA'Ms Alba, White Beet. The 
 root yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a 
 substitute for spinach. 
 
 , Beta Vulca'ris Rtjbra, U^d Beet, Root red 
 and nutritive ; yields a small quan1:ity of sugar. 
 
 BETEL, Piper Betel. A species at pepper, 
 cultivated in several parts of lAdia. The In- 
 dians are in the habit of chewing the leaves 
 with lime and areca; and they give (he name 
 Betel to this preparation. It is used in all the 
 equatorial countries of A?ia. Betel is said to 
 be tonic and astringenti It is also called Bette, 
 Bitre, Betle. See Areca. 
 
 BETHROOT, Trillium latifolium— b. Broad- 
 leaf, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 BiTISE, Dementia. 
 
 BiTOINE, Betonica officinalis— J. des Mon- 
 tagnes. Arnica montana — b. des Savoyards, 
 Arnica montana. 
 
 BiTON, Colostrum. 
 
 BETONICA AQUATIC A, Scrophularia 
 aquatica. 
 
 Beton'ica Officina'lis, Cestran, Beton'ica 
 pitrpu'rea, Yeton'ica Cordi, &c., Bet'ony^ Wood 
 Betony, Psychofropkum, Veroni'ea purpu'rea, 
 (,F,)Betoine,Family,liai>ia,t^. Sex.Syst. Didy- 
 namia Gymuospermia. Betony was in much 
 esteem amongst the' ancients, who employed 
 thg flowers »nd leaves, in decoction, in gout, 
 sciatica, ■cephalalgia, &c. It was so called, 
 according to Pliny, from being in great repute 
 among the Vettones, or Bettones, an ancient 
 people of Spain. Antonius Musa is said to>Kave 
 written a volume in praise of it; recommending 
 it in no less than 47 different diseases. It has, 
 however, little or no virtue. The leaves are 
 said to be aperient, and the root emetic. 
 
 Betonica Pauli, Veronica." 
 
 BETONY, Betonica officinalis— b. Paul's, 
 Lycopus VirginiCus — ^b. Water, Scrophularia 
 aquatica— b. Wood, Betonica officinalis. ~ 
 
 BkTRE, Betel. 
 
 BETTE, Beta. 
 
 BETTERAYE, Beta. 
 
 BET'ULA ALBA. The Birch, (V.) Boti- 
 feau cottmiun. The young leaves are slightly 
 odorous, astringent, and bittei. They are ap- 
 plied to wounds a,nd ulcers. They have been 
 regarded fs antiscorbutic and anthelmintic. 
 The tree furnishes a saccharine juice, which is 
 considered antiscorbutic and diuretic. 
 
 Betdla'Lenta, Sweet , Birch, Blaci Birolp, 
 Cherry Birc)i, Mountain Mahogany, is an 
 American species, the bark and leaves of which 
 have the smell and taste of Gaultheria procum- 
 bens. An infusion is sometimes made of them, 
 and used as an excitant and diaphoretic. The 
 volatile oil is nearly if not wholly identical 
 with that of Gaultheria. 
 
 BEURRE, Butter— S. de Bamhoue, Butter 
 of bambouc — h. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — 5. 
 de Coco,,. Butter of cocoa — h. Vegitale, Persea 
 gaitissima. 
 
 BEUVRI6-NY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux in Nor- 
 mandy. The water is chalybeate. 
 
 5/FZJE, Diplopia. . , 
 
 BEX, Tussis — b. Conyulsiva, Pertussis — ^b. 
 Humida, Expectoration — b. Theriodes, Per- 
 tussis. 
 
 BEXIS, Tussis. 
 
 BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative 
 root was formerly introduced ' iijto' ^Europe 
 from Peru. It is supposed to have been the 
 root of a Hippocratea. 
 
 BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, 
 from Persian Pa, ' against,' and zahar, ' poi- 
 son.' Lapis Bezoar'diHus, Cal'eulus Besioar, 
 Enterol'ithus Bezoar'diis, Bezoard. A calcu- 
 lous concretion, found in the stomach, intes- 
 tines, and bladder of animals. Wonderful vir- 
 tues were formerly attributed to these Bezoars. 
 There were (wo great varieties: the Bez'aar 
 orienta'lS, Aii'imal Bef:oar'ticum orientaHl, 
 formed in the fourth stomach of the gazelle of 
 India {Gazel'la In'dica, or rather Antil'opi cer- 
 vica'pra :) and the Bez'oar ocddenta'le. Animal 
 Bezoar'ticum occidenta'll, found- in the fourth 
 stomach of the wild goat or chamois of Peru. 
 These substances were esteemed to be power- 
 ful alexipharmics ; but the former was the more 
 valued. It was believed, that no poison, and 
 no eruptive^ pestilential, or putrid disease could 
 .resist its influence. ■ As so many virtues were 
 ascribed to it, other animal conorfetions were 
 substituted for it; .and factitious Bezoards were 
 made of crab's eyes and claws, brliised and 
 mixed with musk, ambergris, &c., 
 
 Bez'oar Bovi'NnM, (F.) Bezoard de Bauf, 
 Bezoard of the beef. A concretion .formed in 
 the fourth stomach of beeves ;■ also, a biliary 
 calculus found in the gall-bladder. 
 . Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the horse — b. 
 Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine. 
 
 -BEz'oAfeD OF Caysian-. " This was once much 
 prized. It is now unjinown. -' 
 
 BAZOARD d'ALLEMAGNE, .lEgagro- 
 phila. 
 
 Bez'oard of the Chamois, Horse, Bezoar 
 equi'num,, Hippol'ithus, he, exhibits its origin 
 in the name. 
 
 Bez'oard of the Indian Por'ctjpine, Bez'- 
 oar Hystricis, Lapis Porci'nus, Lapis Malu- 
 cen'sis, Petro del Porco, ■(¥.') Bezoard de Pore 
 Epic, was formerly the dearest of all the Be- 
 zoards, and was sold at an enormous price in 
 Spain and Poi;tugal. 
 
 Be'z'oard Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti- 
 cum — ^b. Vegetable, see Calappite. ^ 
 
 BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dicus, (P.) Bezoar- 
 dique ; concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic 
 medicines are those supposed to possess the 
 same properties with the bezoard; as antidotes, 
 alexiteria, alexipharmics, cordials. 
 
 BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstehia contra- 
 yerva. 
 
 BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma- 
 ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients 
 as antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of 
 lead, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Huma'ndm. Urinary calculi 
 were formerly employed under this name as 
 powerful alexipharmics. 
 
 . Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A Sort of greenish 
 powder, used as a diaphoretic, and forined of 
 antimony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid. 
 
 BEzoAR'DicnM LtiNA'RE. A m,edicine for- 
 merly regarded as a specific in epilepsy, con- 
 vulsions, megrim, &c. It was prepared of ni- 
 trate of silver, and butter of antimony. 
 
 Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medi- 
 cine, used by the ancients in diarrhoea. . It was 
 
BI 
 
 112 
 
 BILE 
 
 prepared from the tritoxide pf iron and butter 
 of antimony. ' 
 
 Bezoar'dioum Meeouria'lS., a medicine,, 
 formerly vaunted as an antisyphijitic, and pre- 
 pared from the mild chloride of mercury, hut' 
 ter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
 
 Bezoae'djcdm Mimbha'Le; the deutoxide of 
 antimony ; so called^ because its properties 
 ■were supposed to resemble those of animal be- 
 zoard. 
 
 Bezoab'dicum SoiA'Rfi. A diaphoretic me» 
 dicing, prepared of gold filings, nifric acid, and 
 butter of antiflKisny. 
 
 Bezoae'dicuSi Ven'ebis. a pharmaceutical 
 preparation, formerly employed in lepra, dis- 
 eases of the brain, &c. ; and which was made 
 from filings of copper, butter of antimony, and 
 nitric acid. 
 
 Bl, as a pr0&^ to words, has the same signi- 
 fication as Di; 
 
 BIAIOTHANATIj Biothanati. 
 
 BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oculi. 
 
 BIBLIOG'BAPHY, MEDICAL, from ,««/?;! o«, 
 ' a book,' and yga^M, ' I describe.' Skill in. the 
 knowledge of medical books. The most distin- 
 guished medical biographers haiye been : J. A. 
 Vain deh. Limdem, Amstelod. 1669, 8vo. (L.) 
 M. LiPENius, Franef. ad Mosm. I679> fol. (L.) 
 G. A. Merckleim, Norimb. 16H6, (L.) J. J. 
 Manset, Geney. 16S)5to 1 731, <L.)Tarin (ana- 
 tomical,) Paris, 1753, (F.) A. . voN> Hallee, 
 Zurich, 1774, &c. (L.) Vigiliis ton Ceetjt- 
 ZENFELD (surgical,) Vindob. 1781, (L.) C; G. 
 KuHN, Lips. >794, (L.) C. L. Schweiokard 
 (anat., phys., and legal medicine,) Stuttgard, 
 1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. Plouoquet, Tubing. 
 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach, Gotha, 1810 
 to 1821. (G.) J. S. Eesch, (since 1750,) Leipz. 
 1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fa. Enslin, (of Germany, 
 since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) J. B. Mont- 
 TAX-coN, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, M. D., 
 F. R. S., London, 1835. A. C. P. Rallisen, 
 Copenhagen, 1845, (G.) 
 
 BICAUDALIS, Rfetrahens auris. 
 
 BIG AUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus, < double-tailed.' 
 A monster having two tails. 
 
 BICEPHA'LIUM, Dieepha'tiiim. A hybrid 
 word, from hi and xj^aij;, 'head;' Sauvages 
 applies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on 
 the head, which seems to form a double head. 
 
 BICEPHALUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 BICEPS,fromSi5, 'twice,' and capjji, 'head.' 
 That vifhich has two heads. This name has 
 been particularly given to two muscles; one 
 belonging to the arm, the other to the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Exter'nus, Mus'oulus. The long 
 portion of ti»e Triceps Brachia'lis.— Douglas. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Ckukis, Biceps Cruris, Bi- 
 ceps, (F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is'- 
 chio-fem'oro pironier—(Ch.) A muscle on the 
 posterior part of the thigh ; one head arising 
 from, the tuberosity- of the ischium, and the 
 other from a great part of the linea aspera. It 
 is mserted into the top of the fibula. It serves 
 to bend the leg on the thigh. 
 
 Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps Bra'chii, 
 Cor^aco-radia'Hs, Biceps, Biceps manus. Bi- 
 ceps inter'niis. Biceps inter'nus hu'meri, (F.) 
 Scaptdo-radial. (Ch.,) — Biceps Brachial. A 
 muscle, situate at the anterior and internal part 
 of the arm; extending from the edge of the gle- 
 noid cavity and from the top of the coracoid 
 
 process to the tuberosity of the radius. It 
 bends the fore-arm upon thearm. 
 
 BICHE DEMER, Sea Slug. A mollus- 
 cous animal belonging to the genus Holothuria, 
 which is caught amongst the' islands of, the 
 Feejee group. New Guinea, &<;.j and when pre- 
 pared finds a ready sale in China, where it is 
 used as~an ingredient in rich soups, 
 
 BICHET, Terra Orjeana. 
 
 BICHICH'IjE. Pectoral medicines, com- 
 posed of liquorice juices sugar, bjandied al- 
 monds, &c. — Rhazes. 
 
 BICHIOS, Pracunculus. ( 
 
 ' BICHO, Pracunculus— b. di Culo, Prpeto- 
 cace. 
 
 BICHOS. A Portuguese name for the worms 
 that get under the toes of people in the Indies ; 
 and which are destroyed by the oil of tije cashr 
 ew nut. ' ., ' 
 
 BICIP'ITAL, from biceps (bis and fapiu). 
 ' two-headed.' Relating, to the Weeps. 
 
 Bicip'iTAi, Groove, (F.) CquUsss ou &<nitr 
 Hire bieipitqle, Coidisse hwminsiv, (Ch.,), i%.i. 
 longitudinal groove, situate brtwe^ the tube- 
 rosities of the OS humeri, which lodges the long 
 head of the biceps. , 
 
 Bjcip'iTAL Tu'BERCLE, 'Bl'fiipit^l tuberQ^'ity, 
 (F.) Tuherasite bicipitale;—a. prominence near 
 the upper extremity pf the'radins, to whicji the 
 tendon of the biceps is attached.- t 
 
 BICORNB RUDE, Diti'atcKycetoa. 
 
 BIC US'PID, Bicuspi-da'tus, from 'bis, ' twice,' 
 and ciispi^s, 'a spear.' That which has twp 
 points or tubercles. ■ ■ , 
 
 Bious'piD Teeth, Dentes Bifuppida'ti,^^ 4 
 Dents bieuspidees, the small: molares. See 
 Molar. 
 
 BIECHO, Bische, 
 
 JBlkRE, Cerevisia. 
 
 BIESTINGS, Colustrum. 
 
 BIF£MORO-C.ALCANIEN, Gastrocnemil. 
 
 BIFURCA'TION, Bifurca'iiQ, from his, 
 'twice,' and f area, 'a. fork.' Divisiow.of a 
 trunk into two branches; as the bifurcation qf 
 the trachea, aorta, &c. 
 
 BIGASTER, Digastricus. 
 
 BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 BIGEMINAL BOPIESj Quadrigemlna tu- 
 bercula. > 
 
 BIG-GAR. A disease of Bengal, remarka- 
 ble for the intensity and danger of the cerebral 
 symptoms. — Twining. 
 
 BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla. 
 
 BIGLES, see Strabismus, 
 
 BIGNONIA CATALPA, Catalpa. 
 
 Bigno'mia In'dica. The leaves are em- 
 ployed in India, as emollients, to ulcers. 
 
 BIJON, see Pinus syivestris, 
 
 BILAZAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bi- 
 lazay is a town in Frdnce, two leagues from 
 Thouar, department of Peux Sevres, near 
 which is a thermal sulphureous spring. -Tem- 
 perature about 77° Fahrenheitw 
 
 BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus_b. Bed, 
 Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
 
 BILE, Bilis, Fel, Chol'os, Choll, (F.)Bilii, 
 Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter j nau- 
 seous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is distin- 
 guished into hepat'ic and cystic ; according as 
 it flows immediately into the duoi^enum from 
 the liyer or from the gall-bladder. It contains, 
 according to Muratori, water, a peculiar fatty 
 rhatter, colouring matter, {Cholepyr'rhin or Bi- 
 
BILIARY 
 
 113 
 
 BISMUTH 
 
 lijiha'in{) cholesterin combined with soda ; 
 picromei or hilin; extract of flesh, mucus; 
 soda, phosphate of soda; phosphate of lime, and 
 chloride of sodium. 
 
 The use of the bile is to remove from the 
 body superfluous hydro-carbon; and it is pro- 
 bably inaervient to useful purposes in digestion. 
 
 Bile, Fnrunculus-^b. Black, Atrabilis — b.de 
 BcBuf, see Bile— -4. Repandne, Icterus. 
 
 Bile of the Bear, Gall of thf. Bear, Fel 
 XXrsi, -was-thought to'be antiepileptic; and that 
 of the Eel, Fel anguil'la, to facilitate labour. 
 
 Bile of the Ox, Gidl of the Ox, Osc Gall, 
 Fel Tauri, Fel Bovis, F. Bovi'nuin, (F.*) Bile 
 de Bceuf, was once reputed cosmetic and deter- 
 gent, anti-otalgic and emmenagogue ; as well 
 as to possess the power of facilitatingv labour. 
 It has also been given tts a bitter stomachic and 
 anthelmintic; and reqently, a^ a tonic and laxa- 
 tive, in cases of deficiency of the biliary secre- 
 tion. ' ' 
 
 BIL'IARY, Bilia'Hs, Bilia'rins, Fel'Uus, 
 That which relates to bile. 
 
 Bil'iary Appara'txjs, B. organs, B. pas- 
 sages. The collection o<f parts that concur in 
 the secretion and excretion of bile :-^viz. the 
 liver, pori biliarii or tubuli biliferij hepatic, 
 cystic, and choledoch ducts and gall-'bladder. 
 " Bil'iary Concee'tions are concretions found, 
 in sottie parts of the biliary. apparatus. 
 
 Biliary Ducts, Fori' biliarii. 
 
 BILIEUX, Bilious. 
 
 BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.. 
 
 BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
 
 BILIIsr, PicBomel. , 
 
 BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sus, QJiol'icus, Ckol'ius,. 
 Felin'eus, l^pich'olos, , Pieroeh'olos, Fel'leus, 
 (F.) Bilisitx. That which relates' to bile, con- 
 tains bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet 
 given to certain constitutions, and , diseases, 
 whicbare believed to be the effect of supera- 
 bundance of the biliaryi secretion ; as Bilious 
 temperament, B. symptoms, B. fever, 
 
 BILIPH^IN, see Bile. 
 
 BILIS FLTJXIO, Cholera; morbus. , 
 
 BILlVERD'IN, from Bilis, 'bile,' and viH- 
 dis, ' green.' On adding an acid to a solution 
 of the yellow colouring matter of bile, a pre- 
 cipitate of green flocculi takes place, which 
 possesses all the properties ,of chlorophyll, or 
 the green colouriM matter of leaves. This is 
 the WM;e^<^jw of Berzelius. 
 
 BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indica. 
 
 BI'MANUS, from bis and maims, 'a hand.' 
 One that has two hands. A term applied only 
 to, man, because he is the sole mammiferous 
 animal that possesses two perfect han,ds. 
 
 BINDER, Bandage. 
 
 BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare—b. Fid- 
 dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great, 
 Convolvulus sepiura — b. Icavendjer-lqaved, Con^ 
 volvulus Cantabrica — b. Sea, Convolvulus solda- 
 nella — b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 BINKOHITMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria. 
 'SWOC'Vl,VS,Bin'oele,Diophthai'mieaFas'- 
 cia, Oc'ulis duplex, from Hs, 'twice,' and oeulus, 
 ' an ey e . ' (F . ) (EH double . A bondage applied 
 over both eyes. It was, also, formerly called 
 Diophtkal'Tmts ., 
 
 BIN'SICA. Disorder of the mind. Accord- 
 ing to Van Helmont, an atrophy of the organ 
 of imagination. i 
 
 BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital. 
 
 'SlO'DY'!^A'M.'lC^,Biod'ynam'iea,Biodynam'- 
 icl, Biosoph'ia {lom (Sio?, 'life',' and 'Imafiis, 
 ' power,' ' force.' The doctrine of the vital ac- 
 tivity, or forces. 
 
 BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 BIOLOGY, Physiology. 
 
 BIOLYCHNION, Animal heat. 
 
 BIOLYCH'NIUM, from (Sloc, 'life,' and 
 lvj;rior, 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital heat. 
 Lych'nium, Lychnid'i^tin, Thermum em'phytum, 
 FluTnmdseuFlam^mulavita^lis seu cordis. Also, 
 a secret preparation of which Besuin and Bur- 
 grave make mention. 
 
 BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 BIOPH^SfOMONELOGlA, Physiology. 
 
 BIOS,)9ios. Life, (q. v.) Also, what is ne- 
 cessary foir the preservation of life.- 
 . BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics. 
 
 BIOTE, Life. 
 
 BIOTHAN'ATI, Biaiotkan'ati, from jSio^, 
 ' life,' and ^awTos,- ' death.' Those who die of 
 a violent death, very suddenly, oi'; as if there 
 was no space between life and death. 
 
 BIOTICS, Pbysiology, 
 
 BIOTOMIA, Vivisection. ' 
 
 BIPARlETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture. 
 
 BIR,' Thorax. 
 
 BIBA, Cerevisia. 
 
 BIRCH, Betula alba^b. Black, Betula lenta 
 — b. Cherry, Betula leiita — ^b. Sweet,;«Betula 
 lenta. 
 
 BIRTH, CROSS, Presentation, preternatural. 
 
 BIRTHWORT, Aristolochig— b. Snak^root, 
 Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 BISCHE,. Biecho', A malignant kind of dy- 
 sentery, which often prevails in the island of 
 Trinidad. • 
 
 BIS'GUIT, .B8>eocte«, ' twice baked.' A 
 kind of dry, hard , bread, tir cake, which is va- 
 rioasly made ; and, when without eggs or butter, 
 is easy of digestion. It was formerly called 
 Dipyri'tes,9X^d Bi'pyros, 
 
 BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 BISFERIENS, Dicrotus. 
 
 BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi. , 
 
 BISLINGUA, Euscus hypeglosst(m; 
 
 BISMALVA, Althffia. 
 
 BISM ^T'B:,Bismu'thwm, Wismu'thmrii Ueg'- 
 ulus'of Bis'Tmith, l^arcptsi'ta. Tin glass, (F.) 
 i.tain gris,E. de Glace. A metal', in spicular 
 plates, of a yellowish-white colour ; s, gr .■'9.822; 
 fusible at 400° Fahj^enheit, and volatilizable' at 
 a high temperature. It is used only in the pre- 
 paration of the subnitrate,. 
 
 BisMiTTH, OxYD OF, Bismuth, ^Subnitrate of — 
 b. Regulus of, Bismuth. ( 
 
 BiSMDTH, Shbhi'trate OF, MaTcasi'ta alba^f 
 Flumbum cine're%t/m^ J^agis^e'rium Marcasi^tce 
 seu Bismuthi, Bismu'thum Nit'ricwm, B. Sub- 
 nit'ricum,JYitrds SubbismM'thicum, JVitras Bis- 
 muthi, Cola: Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum oxydula'- 
 tum albivn, 0:xyd of Bismuth, Mag'Hstery of 
 Bisrrvuth, Pearl White, Spanish White, (F.) 
 Sousnitrate de , bism,uth, Oadde -blane de B,, 
 Blanc de fard, Blanc de perle, (^Bismuth, in 
 frustulis, ^j. Acid hitrio. f.\^iss. Aq. destill. 
 q. a. Mix a fluidounce of distilled water with 
 the nitric acid, and dissolve the bismuth in the 
 mixture. When the solution is complete, pour 
 the clear liquof into three pints of distilled 
 water, and set the mixture by, that the powder 
 may subside. Lastly, having poured off the 
 
BISMUTHI NITRAS 
 
 114 
 
 BLAFARD 
 
 supernatant fluid, wash the subnitrate of Bismuth 
 with distilled water, wrap it in bibulous paper, 
 apd dry it with a gentle heat. Ph. 17. S.) It 
 is considered to be tonic and antispasmodic, and 
 has been chiefly used in gastrodynia. 
 
 BISMUTHI NITR AS,Bisnluth, Subnitrateof. 
 
 BISMUTHUM, Bismuth— b. Nitricum-, Bis- 
 muth, subriitrate of — b. Oxydulatum Album, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Subnitricum, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of. , 
 
 BISPIRUS, Dipnoos. 
 
 BISSUS. The silky filaments Which fix the 
 Pinna Mari'na to the rocks. In Italy and Cor- 
 sica, clothes are made of these, which are con- 
 sidered to favour perspiration, and are recom- 
 mended to be worn next the skin in rheuma- 
 tism, gout, &c. — See Byssus. 
 
 BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bis- 
 torta. 
 
 BISTORT A, Polygonum bistorta. 
 
 BISTORTIERj (F.) - A name giveh, by the 
 Pharmacien, to a long wooden pestle used (or 
 reducing soft substances to powder, and in the 
 preparation of electuaries.^ 
 
 BIS TOUIi.Ij(F . yPistorien'si'sgla'diusj'Seal- 
 pel'lus, Scal'peum, Bistoury.' A. sxDsX]. cut- 
 ting-knife, used in surgery, — so called, accord- 
 ing to Huet, from the town of Pistori, which 
 was formerly celebrated for the manufacture 
 of those instruments. A bistoury has the form 
 of a small knife, and is composed of a blade and 
 handle.. The blade, which is mctet commonly 
 movable in the handle, may be fixed by a but- 
 ton, spring, &c. When fixed in the handle, the 
 bistouri is ca,lled by the French, B. a lamsfixe 
 ou dormante. 
 
 The chief bistouries are : — 1 . The straight 
 B. (F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting 
 edge are straight, the point being fine, round, 
 or square. 2. The comvex B- (F.)-fi. convexe,; 
 the blade of whick is convex at the cutting 
 edge, concave at the back. 3. The concave 
 B. (F.) B. concave; the blade of vvhich is con- 
 cave at its edge, and convex -at the back. 4. 
 BLUNT-POINTED B. (F.) B. houtonnc i the blade 
 of which has a button at its extremity. 5. The 
 
 BLUNT OR. PEOEE-POINTED BlSIOUEI OF PoTT ; 
 
 concave at its- cutting edge, and its point blunt; 
 so that it can be carried on the palmar surface 
 of the index finger, to divide the stricture, in 
 strangulated hernia. Sir Astley Cooper has 
 recommended a useful modification, of this, to 
 avoid wounding the intestine, should it come in 
 contact with the edge of the knife. His Bis- 
 touri has an edge of not more than eight lines 
 in length, situate about five lines from the point. 
 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is a straight Bis- 
 toury; the blade fixed in the handle,, the extre- 
 mity with a button, and the edge made with a 
 file. Itischieflyusedfordilatingparts. 7. Bis-' 
 TouRi royal, (F.) a Bistduri used in opeiating 
 upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8. Bistouri 
 GASTEiQUE, (F.) A Complicated instruments 
 invented by Morand, for jlilating wounds of the 
 abdomen. 9. Bistouri cache, B. herniaire, 
 ou AttrapC'lourdaud de Biennaise, Forceps de- 
 cepto'ria. A curved bistouri, the blade of which 
 is placed in a canula, whence it issues on press- 
 ing a spring. 
 
 The word Bistouri is used by the French, at 
 times, where we would employ ,JjM/e. 
 
 BIT NOBEN", Salt of.Bitu'men, Padnoon, 
 Soucherloon, Khala mimuc. A white, saline 
 
 substance, which is a Hindoo preparation of 
 great antiquity, and has been supposed to be 
 the Sal asghalti'tes and Sal Sodome'nus of the 
 ancientsw It is used by the Hin'doo in the pre- 
 vention or cure of almost all diseases. 
 
 BITHNIMAL'CA, Gas'teranax. Two un- 
 meaning vvords, used by Dolaeus, to designate 
 an active principle supposed to have itsseatinthe 
 stomach, and to preside over chymification. Sec. 
 
 BITI08 DE KIS, Proctotace. ]_ 
 
 BITTER,. Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya pu- 
 bens — b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy, 
 Hiera picra — ^b. Redberry, Cornus Florida— b. 
 Root, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Gentiana 
 Catesbaei, Menyanthes verna:— b. Sweet night- 
 shade, Solanum Dulcamara — ^b. Sweet vine, So- 
 lanum Dulcamara. 
 
 BIT'TERNESS, Ammitu'do, Amarit'ies,Am- 
 a'ror, Pi'cria, (¥.)Amert}ime. Aparticular taste, 
 which belongs to many substances. In some 
 diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the 
 mouth. 
 
 BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumba 
 — b. Spirit, Tinctura geritianae composita— b. 
 "Wine, Vinum gentianae conipositum. 
 
 BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia. 
 
 BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief 
 symptom is an acute pain in the auus. — Chomel. 
 - BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum- 
 b.- Judaicum, Asphaltum — b. of Judea, Asphal- 
 tum — b. Petroleum, PetrolaBum — b. Malta, Piss- 
 asphaltum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben — b. Solidum, 
 Asphaltum. 
 
 BIVENTER, Digastricus— b. Gervicis, Corn- 
 plexus musculus^ — b. Maxillae, Digastricus. 
 
 BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL- 
 LUM, see Lobe, biventral. 
 
 BIXA ORLEANA', Terra Orleana. 
 
 BLABE, Wound. 
 
 BLACCt,^, Rubeola. 
 
 BLACIA, Debility. 
 
 BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus 
 Jruticosus — b. High or standing, see Rubus fiuti- 
 cosps. 
 
 BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennae com- 
 positum. 
 
 BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Senns 
 compositum. 
 
 BLACK DROP, Guttae ni^rje. 
 
 BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Leptandria 
 purpurea. 
 
 BLACKWATER, Pyrosis. 
 
 BLADDER, IRRITABLE, Cysterethismns. 
 
 BLADUM, BIL ' ' 
 
 BL^SITAS, Balbuties. 
 
 Bl^'sitas, BlfEsa lingua. Some authors have 
 used this word as synonymous with stammering. 
 See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a 
 defect in pronunciation, which consists in sub- 
 stituting soft consonants for those that are hard ; 
 as the z for s, the d for t, the s for G and j, &c. 
 Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotes, (F.) 
 Blesite, Ble (parler.) 
 
 BL^SOPODES, see Kyllosis. 
 
 BLiESOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 BLyESUS. A distortion;>especially the out- 
 ward distortion of thelegs. Also, a stammerer. 
 
 BLAFARD,(T.)Pal'lidus,Pallid'ulus. This 
 epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when 
 pale and dull ; but, most frequently, to the flesh 
 of a woimd, when it has lost its colour, and be- 
 
BLANC DE BALEINE 
 
 115 
 
 BLENNORRHffiA 
 
 come white. The word is, also, sometimes used 
 synonymously with Albino, (q. v.) 
 
 BLANC DE BALEINE, Cetaceiim— i. de 
 Fard, Bismutji, subnitrate of — 4. de I'CEil, Scle- 
 rotic— 4. d'CEuf, Albumen ovj — J. de FerU, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of. 
 
 BLANC MANGER, (F.)Cibus aliug, Leu- 
 eopha'gium, Leucoph'agum, Argyrotrophe'ma. 
 An animal ■ jelly, so called on account of its 
 colour, combined with an emulsion of sweet 
 almonds, to which sugar has been added, and 
 some aromatic. It is sometimes prescribed as a 
 nutrient in convalescence and chronic diseases, 
 
 BLATJC-RAISTN, Blanc Rhazis. 
 
 BLAIiTC RHAZIS, Blane-faisin.- An oint- 
 ment composed of cerussa, white' wax, and 
 olive oil. ^ 
 
 BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 TO BLANCH,from (V.)blanchir,'to whiten, 
 to bleach.' To deprive of the outer rind ; as ' to 
 blanch almonds;' i. e. to peel them. 
 
 BLANCHET,(F.) Ablanket. Atermgiven, 
 by the French Pharmaciens, to the woollen 
 strainer through which they filter syrup and 
 other thidk fluids. See, also. Aphthae. 
 
 BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filix 
 mas. 
 
 BLAS. An unmeanihg term, invented by 
 Van Helmont to designate a kind of movement 
 in the Ijody ; at tinies, local, — ait others, under 
 extraneous influence. Thus, he speaks oftthe 
 Bias meteoros of the heavenly bodies, and the 
 Bids huma'num, that which operates in man.- 
 
 BLASi, (F.) An epithet given to one whom 
 the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from any 
 longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure from it 
 
 BLASTE'MA, Blaste'sis, fi'om ^kcca-ravc, ' ] 
 bud.' A germ, (q. v.) The sense of this word, 
 which is often used by Hippocrates, is obscure, 
 Castelli thinks it means the eruption of some 
 morbific principle at the, surface of the body. 
 Also, the matrix or general formative element 
 of tissues. 
 
 BLASTODERMA, see Molecule. 
 
 BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tus, 
 (F.) Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, for 
 merly, to have been given to a marine produc 
 tion from some of the Conchylia. It had an 
 agreeable smell, a reddish tint, and the shape 
 of a nail. It was prescribed in epilepsy, hyste^ 
 ria, and hepatic; obstructions^ Rondelet affirms 
 that it was the production of the shell-fish wm- 
 rex or pitrpura ; and that the name Blatta is de- 
 rived from the Greek (JJarTOf, ' purple.' 
 
 BLAVELLE, Centaurea cyanus, 
 
 BLAVEOLB, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
 
 BLAZING- STAR, Liatris. 
 
 BL&, Bladum. This word answers, in 
 France, to the word Corn (q. v.) in England; 
 i. c. any kind of grain employed for making 
 bread. Wheat being most commonly used for 
 this purpose,^5^e' is sometimes restricted to this. 
 Ble meleil is a mixture of wheat and rye. 
 
 BL^ CORNU, Ergot— i. d'Espagn.e, Zea 
 mays — b. d'ltalie, Zea Mays— 4. .Z\^o^V, Polygo- 
 num fagopyrum — A. de Turquie, Zea Mays. 
 "^BLEiPARLER,) Blsesitas. 
 
 BLEAB'ERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
 
 BLEACHING LIQUID, Eau dejavelle. 
 
 BLEAR EYE, Lippitudo. 
 
 BLEB, Bulla. 
 
 BLECHNON, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 BLECHNUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Asplenium 
 Scolopendriura — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce- 
 
 BLECHROPYRA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior. 
 
 BLECHROS, fXrixQ't, 'weafe, feeble, slow.' 
 An epithet, applied to (Afferent afffections, and 
 particularly to fevers. Hence Bleekrop'yra, 
 'a slow fever:' Blechrosphyg'mia, 'a slow 
 pulse.' 
 
 BLECHROSPHYGMIA, see Blechros. 
 
 BLED, Corn. 
 
 BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Hsemorrhagia. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis 
 — b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 BLkME,' (^■) This word has nearly the 
 sanfie signification as Bldfard. Generally, how- 
 ever. It includes, al'so, emaciation of the coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 BLENNA, Mucus — ^b. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 BLENNADENI'TIS, from fhma, 'mucus,' 
 oiijr, 'a gland,' and iVm, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of muc6us follicles^ 
 
 BLENNELYT'RIA, from jixswa, 'mucus,' 
 and BAuTgM, 'a sheath.' , A discharge of mucus 
 from the vagina. Leucorjhcea, (q. v.) — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNEM'ESIS. Blennoem'esis, Vom'itus 
 pituito'sus, from ^liwa, 'mucus,' and t/B5ir(r, 
 'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus. 
 
 BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery. 
 
 BLENNISTH'MIA, from /»it«a, 'mucus,' 
 and'icr^^pt, 'the gullet.' Increased flow of 
 mucus frona. the pharynx and 'larynx. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. 
 
 BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosae. 
 
 BLENNODES, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis. 
 
 BLENNOG"ENOUS, BUnnog"enus, Mucif- 
 ie, Mucif'icus, from p.ma, ' mucus,' and yiraa, 
 'I form.' Forming or generating mucus. Bre- 
 schet and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an ap- 
 paratus of Jhis kind for the secretion of the mu- 
 cous matter that constitutes the cuticle, com- 
 posed of a glandular parenchyma or organ of se- 
 cretion situate in the substance of the true skin, 
 and of exciretory ducts,, which issue from the 
 organ, and.deposite'the mucous matter between 
 the papillae. 
 
 BLENNOIDES, Muciform. 
 
 BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform. ■ 
 
 BLENNOP'HTHALMI^, Ophthalmia, (pu- 
 rulent.) ■ 
 
 BLENNOP'TYSIS, from |!;i£»f«,and trroa, 'I 
 spit.' Expectoration of mucus, (^atarrh (q. v.) 
 
 BLENN0P'YRA,B;f?7.«o^'r»a, from ^xstva, 
 and Ting, 'fire.' Alibert has classed, under this 
 head, various fevers with mucous complica- 
 tions; as Mesenteric fever, Adeno-meningeal 
 fever, &c. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea— b. Geni- 
 talium, Leucorrhoea — ^b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spu- 
 ria — ^b. Spuria, Gronorrhcea spuria. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her- 
 nia humoralis. 
 
 BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonor- 
 rhoea spuria — b. dti Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
 
 BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza. 
 
 BLENNORRHCE-'A, BlennorrkoS, Blennor- 
 rhag"ia,Phlegmorrhce'a,Fhlegmorrkag"ia,f^om. 
 
 cvva, 'mucus,' and (itoi; 'I flow.' Inordinate 
 secaretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Go- 
 norrhoea. 
 
 Blennoeehcea Chronica, (gleet,) see Go- 
 
BLENNOSES 
 
 m 
 
 BLOOD 
 
 norrkoBa — b. Genitalium, Leucorrhcea — b. Lu- 
 odes, Gonorrhoea impura — ^b. Nasalis, Coryza — 
 b. Oeuli,see Ophthalmia — ^b. Oculi gonerinpica, 
 see Ophthalmia — ^b. Oculi neonatorum, see 
 Ophthalmia — b., Oculi purulenta, see Ophthal- 
 mia — b. Urethralis, Gonorrhoea — b. Uriiuilis, 
 Cystorrhcea — b. Ventriciilij Gastroriboea — b. 
 Vesicae, Cystorrhcea. 
 
 BLENNO'SES, from' (JAehk, 'mucus.' Af- 
 fections of the mucous membranes. — Alibert. 
 
 BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneuitio- 
 nia notha — ^b. Chronicus, Astiima huniidum. 
 
 BLENNOTORRHCEA, Otirrhtea. 
 
 BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea. 
 
 BLENNURIA, Cystorrhcea. 
 
 BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi. 
 
 BLE PHARANTHRACO'S I S, Blephan'tis 
 gemgrctno' sa, Cariuncula'tio Oc'uli. Gangre- 
 nous inflammation of the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion. 
 
 BLEPHARIDES, Cilia. 
 
 BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplas- 
 tice. 
 
 BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.. 
 
 BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi— b. Gan- 
 graenosa, Blepharanthracosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROBLENNORRHCEA, Ophthal- 
 mia, purulent. 
 
 BLEPH'ARO-CQNJUNCtlVI'TIS, Bleph- 
 arast/'ndesmi'tis,iidm (SJt^afot, *an eyelid,' and 
 conjunctiva. Ophthalmia .affecting the con- 
 junctiva and eyelid^. 
 
 BLEPHARODYSCHRffi'A, from |?\£<p«9of, 
 the 'eyelid,' dug, 'with diifidnlty,' and /joa, 
 ' colour.' Discoloration of the eyelid. Naevus 
 of the eyelid. — Von Ammon. 
 
 BLEPHARCEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydro- 
 blepharon. , 
 
 BLEPHARON, Palpebra— b. Atoniaton, Ble- 
 pharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blepharon'cus, Ble- 
 pkarophy'Tna, Palpebra'rwm Tumor, from |SA((p- 
 xqov, f eyelid,' and oj/kos, 'tumour.' A tumour 
 on the eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis. 
 
 BLEPHAB OPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia 
 tarsi — ^b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia-r-b. Pu- 
 rulenta, Blepharopyorrhcea. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDU- 
 LOSA, Ophthalmia, purulent^ of infants. 
 
 BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE, BUpharidoplas'- 
 tici, Insi"tio CiHo'rum.,fiom fih^aQor, 'the eye- 
 lid,'.ahd ^'Mo-nxof , ' forming,' ' formative.' The 
 formation of a new eyelid. 
 
 BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepharople'gia, Ca- 
 sus pal'pebrcB superio'ris, Delap'sus pal'pebra, 
 Prolap'sus pal'pehrcs, Propto'sis pal'pcbra, 
 Pto'sis palpebra, Atoniatoii blepkaron, from 
 ^hiifaqoyi, 'the eyelid,' an4 nrmirn, 'fall.' A 
 falling down of the upper eyelid over the eye, 
 caused by a paralyMS of the Levator palpebm 
 siiperions muscle. This paralysis is an unfa- 
 vourable symptom, as it is generally connected 
 with a state of the brain favouring apoplexy or 
 palsy. 
 
 Blephakoptosis Eoteopium, Ectropium — b. 
 Entropion, Entropion. 
 
 BLEPHAROPYORRH(E'A,B/«;)AaropA«Ao;'- 
 mia purulen'ta,Pyorrha'a pal'pebrcB, from |?\s<p- 
 ajor, 'eyelid;' nuov, 'pus,' and ^eoi, 'I flow ' 
 Secretion of pus from the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHARORRHCE'A, from fiXtcpagov, 'eye- 
 lid,' and gtm, 'I flow.' A discharge of mucus 
 from the eyelids. 
 
 BLEPHABOSPAS'MUS : from /SJswpo,, 
 'eyelid,' and OTrao-^oe, ' spasm.' A spasmodic 
 action of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
 BLEPHARO-SYNDESMITJS, Blepharo- 
 conjunctivitis. 
 
 BLEPHA50TIS,Ophthalmia tarsi— kGlan- 
 dularis contagiosa, .see Ophthalmia. 
 BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium. 
 BLEPHAROXYS'TUM, Blephnr^xys'trum, 
 from (Sit^ajov, 'eyelid,' and ivu, 'I scrape.' An 
 instrument used, by the anciehts, forremoving 
 callosities, which made, their appearance in tie 
 affection called, by the Greeks, T§a;t»;t£Bi— 
 Paulus of ^gina, Gorraeus. 
 BLiSITi, Blaesitas. ■ 
 BLESSURE, Abortion, Wound. 
 BLESTRIS'MirS. Restlessness of the sick. 
 — Hippocrates. 
 
 BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for 
 white or milky urine, arising from diseased 
 kidneys. , Biota alba has Jhe same meaning. 
 BLEU DE PRUSSE, Prussian blue. 
 BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bleville is a village about two mijes from Havre. 
 The waters are adidulous chalybeates. 
 
 BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, ca- 
 tarrhal. ^ 
 
 BLINDNESS, Caecitas— b. Colour, Achro- 
 matopsia. 
 
 BLISTER, Vesieato'riwm, Emplas'trum YeH- 
 cato'riwm, Emplas'trUTn Lyttce, Epispas'ticwji, 
 from Vesica, ' a bladder,' (F.). Vesicatoire, Vi- 
 sicant. Any substance which, wben applied 
 to the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous 
 secretion, raising the epidermis, and ind^acing a 
 vesicle. Various articles produce this effect, 
 as cantharides,' ^mustard, garou, euphorbivm, 
 garlic, ammonia, ifb. Blisters are used as 
 counter-irritants. By exciting a disease artifi- 
 cially on the suj-face, we can often remove 
 another which may be at the time existing in- 
 ternally. A perpetual blister is one that is 
 kept open for a longer or a shorter time by 
 means of appropriate dressings. 
 
 Blister or vesication also means the vesicle 
 produced by vesicatories. 
 
 BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— >. Tissue, 
 Sparadrapum vesicatorium. 
 BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris. 
 BLITUM AMERICANUM, Phytolacca de- 
 candra. 
 
 BLOOD, Anglo Saxon, blob, from blefean, 
 'to bleed.' Sanguis, Gruor, Lapis anima'lis, 
 Hcema, 'aifia, (E.) Sang. An animal fluid 
 formed chiefly from the chyle; acquiring im- 
 portant properties during respiration; entering 
 every organ through the circulation; distri- 
 buting the nutritive principles to every texture, 
 and the source of every secretion. The blopd 
 is white in the molluscous and inferior ani- 
 mals, which have been, hence, called white- 
 blooded, to distinguish them from the red- 
 blooded; which class includes the mammalia, 
 birds, reptiles, and fishes. .Human blood is 
 compose^ of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal 
 colouring substance, a little fatty matter--^i«- 
 matela'um, and different salts ; as chlorides of 
 potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime,- sub- 
 carbonate of soda, lirai, magnesia, oxide of iron, 
 
BLOOD 
 
 117 
 
 BLOOD-LETTING 
 
 and laetate of soda, united with an animal mat- 
 ter. Arterial blood is of a flozid red colour, 
 strong smell, temp. 100°; s. g. 1.049. Venous 
 blood is of a brownish reds temp. 98°; s. g. 
 1.051. This difference in colour has given oc- 
 casion to the first heing called red blood ; the 
 latter black. The former which is distributed 
 from the heart, is nearly the same through its 
 whole extent : the latter is the remain? of the 
 arterial blood after the different elements have 
 been taken from it in nutrition, and probably 
 differs in composition. It likewise contains 
 different substances absorbed. Venous blood, 
 taken from a vesse] and left to itself, becoijies 
 solid, and separates into two distinct parts, — 
 the aerum, or wateryj supernatant fluid; and 
 the cruoTf caag'uliMn, crassamen'tutn^ kepar 
 seU placen'ta sa/n-'gidnis^ jtlacen'ta cruo'ris, 
 inJsula, thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly 
 water, holding albumen in solution and the 
 salts of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, 
 colouring mattei^ — ^hamatosin^ (q. v.) a little 
 serum, and a small quantity of salts ; H. Le- 
 canu found the blood to be composed — in 1000 
 parts — of water, 7S5.590; albumen, 69.415; 
 fibrin; 3.56S; colouring inatter, 119.626;, crys- 
 tallizable fatty matter, 4.300; oily matter, 
 2.970; extractive matter soluble in alcohol and 
 water, 1.930; albumen combined with soda, 
 9.010) chlorides of sodium and potassium; al- 
 kaline phosphates, sulphates, and subcarbonates, 
 7.304; subcarbonate of lime' and magnesia, 
 phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide 
 of iron, 1.414; loss, 3.586. The four principal 
 components of the blood are fibrin, albumen, 
 corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circu- 
 lating blood they are thus combined — 
 
 Alh iti S^" solution formiig Liquor San- 
 Salts, ^°' 5S^"'»^*- 
 
 Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor 
 Sanguinis. 
 
 In coagulated Hood they are thus combined, 
 Fibrin, > Forming the crassamentum 
 
 Red Corpuscles, J or clot. ' 
 Albumen, ) Remaining in solution, forming 
 Salts, 5 serum. 
 
 The follovying table exhibits the computa- 
 tions of different physiologists regarding the 
 weight of the circulating fluid— arterial and 
 venous. 
 
 Harvey, f 
 
 Lister, , J a 
 
 MoulinSi 1 
 
 Abilguaid, (^ 
 
 Blum^hbach, ( 
 
 Lobb, ? 10 
 
 Lower, ( 
 
 Sprengel, 10 to 15 
 
 iVluIler and Burdach, aO 
 
 Quesnai, '. ^7 
 
 F. Hoffmann,. 28 
 
 Haller, 28 to 30 
 
 Young 40 
 
 Bamberger, .80 
 
 Keill 100 
 
 The proportion of arterial blood to venous is 
 about 4 to 9. 
 
 Much attention has been paid to -the vary- 
 ing condition of the blood in disease. The 
 average proportion of each of the organic ele- 
 ments in 1 000 parts of healthy blood is as fol- 
 
 lows, according to Lecanu, and MM. Andral, 
 and Gavarret : — fibrin, 3 ; red corpysdes, 127 ; 
 solid matter of the serum, 80: water, 790. 
 
 Dried human blood was, at one time, consi- 
 dered to be antiepileptic ; that of the goat, 
 dried, Sanguis hird sieca'tus, sudorific, and 
 antipleuretic. 
 
 Blood, Auteeial, sea Blood — b. Black, see 
 Blood— b.' Black, Vascular system of, see Vas- 
 cular — ^b. Casein, Globulin — b. Corpuscles, 
 Globules of the blood — b. Disks, Globules of 
 the blood — ^b. , Dried, see Blood; — b. Loss of, 
 Haemorrhagia — b. R^d, see Blood-r-b. Red, sys- 
 tem of^ see Vascular — b. Spitting of, Heemop- 
 tysis-TT-b. Venous, see Blood — b. Vomiting of, 
 Haematemesis — b. White, Lymph. 
 
 BLOODLESSNESS, Ansemia. 
 
 BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrae'tio 
 San'guinis, Hamax'is, Catas^has'mns , Bleed- 
 ing, (F.) Scdgnie.. A discharge of a certain 
 quantity of blood produced by art : an, opera- 
 tion which consists in making an opening into 
 a vessel to draw blood fromlt. When practised 
 on an artery, it is called Arteriot'om'tf, on a 
 vein, Phlebot'omy, Yemesec^tio, Venesec'fion ; 
 and on the capillary vessels, local or capillary, 
 in contradistinction to the former. Which is 
 termed general. Blood-letting is used both 
 during the existence of a disease, as in inflam- 
 mation, and in the w.ay of prophylaxis. It is 
 employed to fulfil various indications. 1. To 
 diminish the actual mass of blood ; — when it is 
 termed, by the French pathologists, Saignee 
 ivaeuative. In such, case, fluids 'ought not to 
 be allowed too freely afterwards. 2. To di- 
 minish the turgescence in any particular organ 
 — ( (F.) Saignee revulsive. Revulsive blood- 
 letting or bleeding, Venasec'tio revulso'ria, 
 when performed far from the part affected; 
 and Saignee derivative, when near.) 3. To 
 diminish the consistence of ^he blood, ( (F.) 
 Saignee spoliative.) The immediate effects of 
 blood-letting are : diminution of the ma^s of 
 blood and of heat ; retardation of the pulse, 
 and sometimes syncope. Blood-letting frpm 
 the veins — phleb'otom/y , is> practised on the 
 subcutaneous veins of the neck, the faee, the 
 fore-arm, and the leg; sonletimes on those of 
 the hand or foot. The necessary apparatus 
 consists of a bandage or riband, a compress of 
 rag, and a lancet or phleam. 
 
 The veLtls selected for the operation, are, J . 
 In the fold of the arm, five ; — the cephalic, ba- 
 silic, the tw6 median, and the anterior cubital. 
 2. In the hand, the c^halic and salvatella. 3. 
 /ra«Ae/oo*, the great and little saphena. 4. In 
 the neck, the external jugular. 5. In the fore- 
 head; ihe troiAaX. 6. In the rriouth,iheTSX]me. 
 The operation of phlebotomy in the limbs is 
 performed by tying a circular bandage" round 
 the limb, in order that the subcutaneous veins 
 may become turgid, by the course of the blood 
 being obstructed : the bandage not being so 
 tight, however, as to compress the arteries of 
 the limb. A puncture is made into the vein, 
 and the desired quantity allowed to flow. The 
 ligature is now removed, and a compress and 
 retaining bandage applied. Capillary or toad 
 blood-letting is practised on the skin or mucous 
 membranes, by means of leeches,, the lancet^or 
 cupping. 
 
 Bloodletting, Capillary, see Bloodletting 
 — b. Derivative, see Bloodletting — ^b. Evacua- 
 
BLOOD-LIKE 
 
 118 
 
 BOLETUS ALBUS 
 
 tive, see Bloodletting — ^b. peneral, see Blood- 
 letting-^b. Local, see Bloodletting — b. Revul- 
 sive, see Bloodletting^-b. Spoliative, see Blood- 
 letting. ' ■- 
 
 BLOODLIKE,. Sanguine.' 
 
 BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODSTONE, Hsematites. 
 
 BLOOD VESICLEj Gdobule of the blood. 
 
 BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisseau sanguin... 
 A vessel destined to contain and convey blood. 
 
 Blood Vessel, beeaking, ehrsting, rup- 
 turing OF A. — Haemorrhagia. 
 
 BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
 
 BLOODY, Sanguin'eus, Cruen'tiis,San.gtdn- - 
 eous, (F.) Sanguin. Having the character of 
 blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine. 
 
 BLOOM, HONEY, Apoeynum androsaemifo- 
 lium. 
 
 BLOTA ALBA, Bleta. 
 
 'SLOyf,Ictus,Flegi,(J.') Coup, Effect pro- 
 duced by one body striking another. The im- 
 pression made, by any body, whicji strikes us or 
 against which we strike ; — a common cause of 
 wounds, contusions, fractures, &c.- 
 
 BLOWING sound; Bridt- de Souffle. 
 
 BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbaei. 
 
 BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides, 
 Lantana. 
 
 BLUE BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus 
 gegetum. 
 
 BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas. 
 
 BLUET BBS MOISSONS, Cyanus sege- 
 tam. 
 
 BLUSH, CUTANEOUS, see Efflorescence. 
 
 BOA , Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim- 
 ples. Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina. 
 
 Boa Upas, Upas. 
 
 BOiE, Syphilis. 
 
 BOBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BOCHIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOCIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOOKLET, MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 The springs of Bocklet in Bavaria are acidu- 
 lous chalybeatea. 
 
 BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corps: from 
 hoden, the 'fundus or bottom.' (?) The human 
 body is the collection of organs, which 'com- 
 pose the frame. At times, however, body is 
 used synonymbusly with trunk. We say, also, 
 body of the femur, of the sphenoid, &c., to de- 
 signate the shaft or middle portion of those 
 bones; body of the uterus, &c. Also, the rec- 
 tum. 
 
 Body, Coming, down of the. Proctocele. 
 
 BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist. 
 
 BOE, Cry. 
 
 BOELLI, Intestines. 
 
 BOETHEMA, Medicament. 
 
 BOG-BEAN,. Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 BOHON UPAS, Upas. 
 
 BOIA, Boa. 
 
 BOIL, Furunculus — b. Gum, Parulis — b. 
 Malignant, see Furunculus — b. Wasp's nest, 
 see Furunculus. 
 
 BOIS DE GAMFkCHE, Haematoxylum 
 Campechianum — 5. de Chypre, Rhodium lig- 
 num — S. de Couleuvre, see Strychnos — i. de 
 Marais,, Cephalanthus ocoidentalis — h, de 
 Plomh, Dirca palustris — h. Pwaref, Prunus pa- 
 dus — b. de Rose, Rhodium lignum — b. de Sap- 
 pan, Caesalpinia sappan — b. Sudorifique, Wood, 
 sudorific. ^ 
 
 BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 
 waters are situate about half a league from Fon- 
 tenSy-le-Compte in France. They are purgative, 
 and seem to contain carbonate and sUphate of 
 lime and chloride of sodium. 
 
 ■BOISSOJV, Drink. 
 
 BOITE, (F.) A box or case, Capsa, Fyv^s. 
 An apparatus for "the reception of any matters 
 which it may be desirable to preserve, h 
 Surgery and Anatomy, Boites d dissection, B. 
 a amputation, B. a trep'cm, B. a cataraete, &c., 
 mean the cases in which these various instru- 
 ments are kept.^ Boite du Crome is -the bony 
 case which receives the brain. BoUe is, also, 
 the portion of the stem of the tre^ine, which 
 receives the pyramid or Centrejjin. ■ Boite de 
 Fetit is a machine, invented by M. Petit to re- 
 tain the fractured portions of bone in apposi- 
 tion, when the leg has been fractured in a com- 
 plicated manner, Bdite is, also, a kind of case 
 put before an artificial anus to receive the 
 faeces, which are continually Ijei^g discharged. 
 The vulgar, in France, give the name Bo^e to 
 various articulations, — B. de genou, B. de la 
 AaMc/Je; "knee-joint. Hip-joint." .' 
 
 BOITEMENT, Claudication. 
 
 BOITIER, {¥ .) j^ppaveil, Cap'sulaungum- 
 ta'ria, Capsa'rium. A Dressing-case. A box, 
 containing salves and different apparatus, tised 
 more particularly by.the dressers in hospitals. 
 
 BOL, Bolus — b. d'Arminie, Bole, Armenian 
 — b. Blanc, Bolus alba. 
 
 BOLA, Myrrha. 
 
 BOLCHON, Bdellium. , ' 
 
 BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant, 
 with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used- 
 as an absorbent smd alexipharmic. The various 
 boles had different forms given to them, and 
 were stamped, as in the following : 
 
 Bole Aeme'hian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me- 
 nip, Argil'la ferrugin'ea rubra, A. Bolus ntlra, 
 Sinapi'sis, Arena'Tnen, Bolus OrientaUs, Bolus 
 Armeniaca, B. Arme'nia, B. rubra, (F.) Bol 
 d'Arminie. A r<ed, clayey earth, found not 
 only in Armenia, but in several countries of 
 Europe, — in Tuscany, Silesia, France, &c. It 
 was once esteemed a tonic and astringent, and 
 was applied as a styfftic. It is now, scarcely, if 
 ever, used. It consists of argil, mixed with 
 lime and iron. 
 
 BOLESIS, Coral. 
 
 BOLESON, Balsam. 
 
 BOLET ODORANT, Dajdalia suaveolena. 
 
 BOLETUS ALBUS, Boletus kricis. 
 
 Bole'tus Escolen'tus, (F.) Morelle. An 
 eatable mushroom, found in the woods in Eu- 
 rope, and much admired by Gastroiiomes. It 
 was formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac. 
 
 Bole'tus Ignia'rius. The systematic name 
 for the Ag'aric, Agdr'icus, AgaHcum of the 
 Pharmacopoeias. Agar'icus Chirurgo'rum, 
 Agar'icus Quercus, Is'ca,' Bole'tus TJngula'-^ 
 tus, Spunh, Amiadou, Funk, Fungus Ignia'r 
 rius, FungiLs Querci'nus, Jigaric of the Oak, 
 Touchwood, Touchwood Boletus, Female Agaric, 
 Tinder, (F.) Agaric de ch^ne, ATnadouvier. It 
 was formerly much used by surgeons as a styp- 
 tic. " ' 
 
 Bole'tus Lar'icis, B. Larid'nus, Fun'giis 
 Lar'icis, Polyp'oTus offlcin-a'lis, Agar'icus tdbus, 
 A. Albus op'timus, B. purgans, B. alhiis, 
 White Agaric, (F.) Agaric blane. On the con- 
 tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathar- 
 
BOLI MABTIS 
 
 119 
 
 BONE NIPPERS 
 
 tic and emetic, as well as to moderate the 
 sweats in phthisis. — De Haen. Extei:nally, 
 styptic. . ', 
 
 BoLEins PuEGANS, Boletus laricis — b. Salicis, 
 Dseda:lea suaveolens. 
 
 Bole'txjs SuaVeolens, Fungus sal'icis. Fun- 
 gus albus salig'neuS) DadaWa suav'.eohns, 
 (F.) Agaric odorant. 'It has been used in 
 phthisis pulmonalisj and asthma, in powder. 
 Dose, from'g^as to gij. 
 
 Boletus TouchWood, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 BOLI MAHTIS, Fertum tartarisatum. 
 
 BOLISMOS, Boulimia. 
 
 BOLI'TES. The' mushroom; perhaps the 
 Agnr'icus Auraniiacus. — Eliny, Martial, Seu- 
 tonius, G^len. It was so called, in consequence 
 of its shape, — iTom Bolus. 
 
 BOLUS, fiiotife, a morsel, a mouthful, a bole, 
 (q. V.,)' (F.) Bol. A pharmaceutical j^^ara- 
 tion, having ^ pilular shape, but largei!|;*capa- 
 bl6, however, of being swallowed as a. pill. 
 
 Boms Alba, Terra Sigiila'ta, Argil'la pal- 
 lid'ior: called sigiila'ta, from bein^ commonly 
 made into small cakes or flat masses, and 
 stamped or sealed with certain impressions. 
 (F.) Bol blanc, Terre sigillie, Argile ockreuse 
 pdle. It was used like the Bolus Armenim, and 
 was brought from Etrurla. See Terra. 
 
 BoLtis, 'Alimen'tabt, Bolus alimenta'rius. 
 The bole formed by the food, aftel- it has under-" 
 gone inastication and insalivatlon in the mouth; 
 and been collected upon the tongue prior to de- 
 glutition. ' 
 
 Bolus Oeienta'hs. A kind of bolar earth, 
 only distinguished from Bole Armenian in be- 
 ing brought from Constantinople. See Bole, 
 Armenian." 
 
 Bolus Rubka, Bole, Armenian. 
 
 BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants 
 of Chili use thiis plant as a sudorific. It is 
 given in infusion in cutaneous diseases. 
 
 BOMBAX, Gossypium. 
 
 BOMBEMENT, Bombus. . . 
 
 BOMBUS, Au'rium, fiuctua'tio, A. sih'ilus, 
 A- son'itus, A. susur'rus, (F.) Bombement. A 
 kind of ringing or buzzing in the ears; — cha^ 
 racterized, according to Sauvages, by the per- 
 ception of blows or beating repeated at certain 
 intervals. Also, Borborygmus. , See Flatu- 
 lence, and Tinnitus Aurium. 
 
 BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum. 
 
 BON, Coffea Arabiea. 
 
 BONA, Phaseolus vulgaris, 
 
 BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 
 BONE, Os, Osteon, Os'teum, (F.) Os, Saxon, 
 ban. The bones are the solid and hard parts, 
 which form the basis of the bodies of animals, 
 of the superior classes ; and the union of which 
 constitutes the skeleton. , The human body has, 
 at the adult age, 208 bones, without including 
 the 32 teeth, the ossa Wormiana, and the sesa- 
 moid bones. Anatomists divide them, from 
 their shape, into 1. Long bones, which form 
 part of the Hmbs, and represent columns for 
 supporting the weight of the bodyj or levers of 
 different kinds for the muscles to act upon. 2. 
 Flat Bones, which form the parietes of splanch- 
 nic cavities ; and, '3. Short Bones, met with in 
 parts of the body where solidity and some mo- 
 bility are necessary. Bones are fdrmed of two 
 different textures ; spongy and compact. They 
 afford, on analysis, touch phosphate and carbo- 
 nate of lime, a little phosphate of inagnesia, 
 
 phosphate of ammonia, oxides of iron and man- 
 ganese, some traces of alumina and silica, gela- 
 tin, fat, and water. The uses of the bones are 
 mentioned under each boile. They give shape 
 to- the body, contain and defend the viscera, 
 and, act as levers to the muscles. 
 
 TABLE OF THE BONES: 
 
 Bones OF 
 
 THE 
 
 Head. 
 
 Bones of 
 
 THE 
 
 Trunk. 
 
 Bones of the 
 
 Cranium or 
 
 Skua. 
 
 Bones of the 
 Face. 
 
 Denies- 
 
 or 
 
 Teeth. 
 
 Bone of the 
 
 Tongue. 
 
 fFrontal 1 
 
 Parietal, 2 
 
 ?ccipitai, 1 
 emporal, 2 
 
 Ethmoid, 1 
 
 8phe|ioid,' 1 
 
 Superior Maxillary,. . 2 
 Jugal or Cheek,.... 2 
 
 Nasal,.,..;. a 
 
 Lachrymal,..; 2 
 
 Palatine, ,. ..2 
 
 Inferior Spongy 2 
 
 Vomer 1 
 
 Inferior Maxillary,. . 1 
 
 ' Incisores, ,.H 
 
 Cuspidati, 4 
 
 Molares, i.20 
 
 Hyoid 1 
 
 fMalleus, 2 
 
 Bones of the J Incus, 2 
 
 Ear. 
 
 Bones of 
 THE Up- 
 per Ex- 
 
 TBEMITV. 
 
 BoNes of 
 
 THE 
 
 Lower 
 Extre- 
 mity. 
 
 1 Orbieulare 2 
 
 LStapes, 2 
 
 C Cervical 7 
 
 } Dorsal 12 
 
 ^ Lumbar, 5 
 
 1 
 
 Ti»^--iSr"E'::;;:2i 
 
 Innominatum,-. ... . ,2 
 
 Clavicle 2 
 
 Scapula, 2 
 
 Humerus 2 
 
 (Ulna, 2 
 
 ( Radius , 2 
 
 ' Navicuiare,. . , 2 
 
 Lunare, 2 
 
 Cuneiforme, 2 
 
 Orljiciilare, 2 
 
 Trapezium,.. .-. 2 
 
 Trapezoides, 2 
 
 Magnum, 2 
 
 (^ Unciforme, ........ 2 
 
 Metacarpus, 10 
 
 Phalanges, .38 
 
 " The Thigh. Femur 2 
 
 f Patella,. , 2 
 
 J Tibia .....2, 
 
 ^Fibula 2 
 
 fCalcisOs .2 
 
 I Astragalus,: 2 
 
 ■^ Cuboides, 2 
 
 I Navicuiare, .2 
 
 |_ Cuneiforme, 6 
 
 Metatarsus, .10 
 
 ^Phalanges, 28 
 
 Total, 240 
 
 Vaiebrx. 
 
 Sacrum,. ... 
 Os Coccygisy 
 
 {The P'ehis. 
 The Shoulder. 
 The Arm. 
 Forearm. 
 
 r 
 
 Carpus 
 
 or 
 Wrist. 
 
 £ • 
 
 The Leg: 
 
 <^ 
 
 Tarsus 
 
 or 
 Instep. 
 
 Bone, Back, Vertebral column — b. Blade, 
 Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os scaphoides — b.Breast, 
 Sternum-^b. Haunch, Ilion — b. Share, Pubis — 
 b. Splinter, Fibula. ' 
 
 Bone Nippers, Osteul'cum, Tenac'ula, from 
 teneo,' 'I hold.' (F.) Tenaille incisive. An 
 instrnment used for cutting off splinters and 
 
BONEBINDER 
 
 190 
 
 BOTANK 
 
 cartilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles 
 of which are strong, and the edge^, which touch 
 each other, cutting. 
 BONEBINDER, OsteocoUa. . 
 BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fsagi- 
 litas ossium — b. Friability of the, Fragilitas os- 
 sium — b. Salt of, Ammoriiae carbonas — b. Soft- 
 ening of the, Mollities ossium. 
 BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum^ 
 BONIFACIA,,Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 BONNE DAME, Atriplex hortenSis. 
 BONNES, MINERAL' WATERS OF. 
 Bonnes is a village six leagues from Pau, in the 
 department Basses Pyrenees, France. Here 
 are several thermal springs. They were cele- 
 brated as early as the time of Francis I., under 
 the name Eaux d' Arquebusade. They contain 
 chlorides of, sodium and magnesium, sulphates 
 of magnesia and lime, sulphur, and silica. The 
 temperature is from 78° to 98° Fahrenheit. 
 
 The factitious Eau de Bonnes is made of 
 Sydros-idphuretted watery f. §iv: pure water, 
 Oj and f. §ss ; chloride of sodiiim, 30 grains ; 
 sulphate of magnesia, 1 grain." 
 BONNET, Reticulum. 
 BONNET A XIEUX GLOBES, Bonnet 
 d'Sippo crhte . 
 
 BONNET D'HIPFOCRA TE, Cap ofKip- 
 pocrates,.JMIitralIippocrg,t'icU,Fas'cia capita'lis, 
 Pi'leus Hippocrat'ieus. A kind of bandage, the 
 invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates. 
 It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over 
 the head so as to envelop it like a cap. The 
 French, also, name it, Bonnet a deux globes, 
 Capeline ^e la t&te^ 
 
 BONNY CLABBER, frpm Irish, baine, 
 ' milk,' and dabar, ' mire.' Sour milk. 
 
 BONPLANDIA TRIi-OLIATA, Cusparia 
 febrifuga. 
 
 BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henri- 
 cus, Chenopodium bonus' Hcnricus. 
 BONY, Osseous. • 
 BOON UPAS, Upas. 
 BGONA, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 BORAC'IC ACID, Ac"idumi Borac'Hcum, 
 Sal sedati'vus Homber'&i, Boric Acid, -(F.) 
 Acide boracigue. An acid obtained from Borax, 
 which was once looked upon as sedative. It 
 was also called Acor Borac"iciis, Sal vitrioli 
 narcot^icvmi, Sal volat'ile Bora'cis, and Flores 
 Bord'eis. 
 ■ :^X)nAGE, Borago officinalis. 
 BORA'GO ORFICINA'LiS, Buglos'sum ve- 
 rumj Bug. latifo'liv/m, Borra'go, Corra'go, Bo- 
 rago korten'sis. Borage, (F.) Bonrrache. Nat. 
 Ord. Boragineae. _ Sea;, Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. The leaves and flowers have been con- 
 sidered aperient. 
 BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax. 
 BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina. 
 BORAX, Boras Soda, Sodm Bibo'rHs, Subbo- 
 ras Soda, Boras supersai'urue soda. Soda Bo- 
 ra3:a'ta,Chrysocol'la,Capis'trumauri,Subborate 
 of protox'ide of Sodium, Subprotobo'rate of Sodi- 
 um, Boras Soda alcales' cens seu alcali'nvm,. 
 Boras superso'dieus. Borax Ven'etus, Swbbo'ras 
 Na'trieiM>i.,Borax'trion,Nitrumfaeti,"tium,ltc;,' 
 Suibo'rate or Biborate of Soda, Borate of Soda, 
 (F.) Borate ou Sous-borate de Sonde, Borate 
 swrsature'de soude. It is found in an impure 
 state in Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous; 
 taste cool, and somewhat alkaline; soluble in 
 
 12 parts of water. Bortax is seldom used except 
 
 as a lotion in aphthae. - 
 
 Borate ot MEECtrnr has been, recommerlded 
 , as an antisyphilitic. 
 • BORAXTRION, Borax. 
 
 BORBORUS, Fimns. 
 ' BORBORYG'MUS, ffom, /Sog.fogvtm, ' I make 
 a dull noise.' Murmur seu Bombus sen Motns 
 Intestino'rum, Anile'm-q^ Anile' sis y CcelopsQph'- 
 ia, IntoTia'tio iiUestina'lis, MurrnUr veiitris 
 seu intestina/.le, (Fi^ Gargouillemeru, Graidlle- 
 Tnent d'Entrailles. The. noise made by flatus 
 in the intestines. This happens often fn health, 
 especially in nervous individuals. 
 
 BORV (F.) MargOf Edge, Margin. . Anato- 
 mists have so named the boundaries of an or- 
 gan. Thu^s, the Iiones, muscles, &c. have botda 
 as well as bodies. The ' free edge,' bord libre, 
 is one hot connected with any p^rt ; the ' ad- 
 hering' edge,' bord 'adheretii, one that is con- 
 nected ; and the bord articuXedre^ or , * articular 
 margin, or edge,' that which is joined to another 
 bone. 
 BORD CILIAIRE, Ciliary margin, . 
 BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Near this great city, in the-south- west of France, 
 is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains ox- 
 ide of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlo- 
 rides of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of 
 soda, and sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 BORE, Boron. 
 
 BORGNE, (F.) Codes, Vnoc'tdns., Jmscus, 
 Lu'scio'sus. One who has only one eye,. or sees 
 only with one. The word has been, used, figu- 
 ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See 
 Caecus. - ,- 
 
 BORIUM, Boron. * 
 
 BORON, Bo'riuni, (F.) Bore. A simple sub- 
 stance, the basis of boracic acid; obtained, by 
 heating potassium with boracic acid, as a &rk 
 olive-coloured powder, devoid of tastj; and smell. 
 Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted 
 into boracic acid. 
 
 BOR'OSAIL, Zael. Ethiopian names for a 
 disease, very common there, which attacks the 
 organs of generation, and appears to have con- 
 siderable analogy with syjdiilis- 
 
 BORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
 
 BORRI, Cufcama longa. 
 
 BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
 
 BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borss 
 is a village in Bfearn. The waters are chaly- 
 beate. 
 
 B.O'SA. An .Egyptian name for a mass, 
 made of the meal of darnel, henip-seed, and 
 water. It -is inebriating. — Prospero, Alpini. 
 
 BOSOM, see Mamma. 
 
 BOSSA, Plague token. , 
 
 BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance—^. Nasde, 
 Nasal protuberance. 
 
 BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus 
 lycia. ^ 
 
 BOTAL FORA'MEN, Foraimn Bota'll; 
 the Fora'men ova'le, (F.) Trou de Botal. A 
 large opening which exists in the foetus in the 
 partition between the two auricles of the heart; 
 and by means of which the blood passes from 
 one to the other. Its discovery is generally 
 attributed to Leonard Botallus, Botal or Bo- 
 talli, who Wrote in 1562. 'It was spoken of, 
 however, by Vesalius, and even by Galen., 
 
 BOTANE, Herb. 
 
BOTANIQUE M&BICALE 
 
 131 
 
 BOULIMIA 
 
 BOTANIQUE M£DICALE, Botany, medi- 
 cal. 
 
 BOT'ANY, MED'ICAL, Botan'ica Med'ica, 
 Medici'na Botan'ioa, Phytalog"ia med'ica; from 
 jioTov?/, ' an herb,' (F.) Botanique Medi(;ale. . The 
 knowledge of the properties, characters, &c., 
 of those vegetables which are used in medicine. 
 
 EOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue. A preparation 
 made in Italy and ,the south of Trance, with 
 the eggs and blood of the Mugilceph'alus or 
 Mullet; strongly salted, after it has become pu- 
 trescent. It is used as a condiment. 
 
 BOTARGUE, Botargo. 
 
 BOTHOE. An Arabic term for abscess in 
 the nares. It means, alSo,'a tumour in general; 
 especially those which are without solution of 
 continuity. 
 
 BOTHRIOCEPH'ALITS, Botnocepk'alus la- 
 tusj Bothrioceph'alum, Botriocepk'alus^ from 
 (io^gmv, 'a small pit,' and xtfaXri, 'head,' Tm'nia 
 lata, r, vulga'ris, iMmbri'cus latus, Plate^a, T. 
 os''culis lateral'ibus gem'inis, T.grisea, T. mem- 
 h,rana'cea, T. teiteVla, T. denta'ta, T. huwM'na 
 iner'mis, Hal'ysis Ttiembrana'aea, T. primay T. 
 os'cuUs lateral'ibus solita'riis, T. aceph'qXa, T. 
 osculis superficial'ibtis, T. & anneaux courts, T. 
 noil arme, Ver solitaire, Broai^ Tape worm. 
 Common in Switzerland, Russia; and some part? 
 of France. It inhabits the intestines of man, 
 and extends to an enormous length. A broken 
 specimen has been obtained 60 yards long. — 
 Goeze. ■> 
 
 BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from /Sofl-goc, 'a pit, 
 cavity,' &c. An alveolus, (q. v.) or^mall fossa. 
 A small deep ulcer on the cornea.-^Galen, Paa- 
 lus of ^gina. See Fossette. 
 
 BOTHRIUM, Bothrion,\Fds«e««. 
 
 BOTHROS, Fovea. 
 
 BOTIN, Terebinthina. 
 
 BOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 BOTOTHINUM. An obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus to denote the most striking symp- 
 tom of a disease : — the Flos morbi. 
 
 BOTOU, Pareira brava. 
 
 BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothribcephalus. 
 
 BOTRION,. Alv,eolus. 
 
 BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA,Act8earace- 
 mosa. 
 
 BOTRYS," Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis 
 vinifera — b. Ambroisioides, Chenopodium am- 
 brosioides — b. Americana, Chenopodium am- 
 brosioides — b. Anthelminticum, Chenopodium 
 anthelminticum-^b. Mexicana, Chenopodium 
 ambrosioides. 
 
 BQ TTINE, (F.) A thin boot or buskin,0'crea 
 le'vior. An instrument, which resembles a small 
 boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, 
 &c., and used to obviate distortions of the lower 
 extremities in children. 
 
 BOTTLE NOSE, Gutta rosea. ' 
 
 BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium,, Vulva. 
 
 BOUBON, Bubo. 
 
 BOUCAGE iH^JEDSjPimpinella magna— 
 b. Mineur, Pimpinella saxifraga — b. Fetit^ Pim- 
 pihella saxifraga. 
 
 BOUCHE, Mouth. 
 
 BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation. 
 
 BOUES DES EAUX,(F.)BouesMinerales. 
 Bal'nea Cmno'ia. The mud or swamp, formed 
 near mineral springs; .impregnated with the 
 substances contained in such springs, and con- 
 sequently possessing similar properties. The 
 Boues are applied generally and topically, in 
 9 
 
 France, at the springs of St. Amand, Bagneres 
 de Luchon, Bagnols, Bareges; in the United 
 States, at the White Sulphur in Virginia, &c. 
 
 BOUES MINER ALES, Boues des eaux. 
 
 BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed 
 by the junction of the two lips. — Dulaurens. 
 
 BOUFFISSURE, Puffiuess. 
 
 BOUGIE, (F.) A wax candle: Candel'ula, 
 Cande'la, C. ce'rea, Cande'la misdica'ta, Ce'reum 
 mediea'tum, Ceriohts Chirurgo'ruTn, Dce'dion, 
 Spedl'lum ce'reum, Virga ee^rea, Cereolus. A 
 flexible cylinder, variable in size, to be intro- 
 duced into the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, &e. 
 for -the purpose ,of dilating these canals, when 
 contracted. A Simple Bougie is composed of 
 solid and insoluble substances j?as plaster, elas- 
 tic gum, catgut, &c. It act? of course only me- 
 ciianically. 
 
 Bougie, Medicated, (F.)'S. Medicamenteuse, 
 has the addition of some escharotic or other sub- 
 stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caus- 
 tic Bougie, which has a small portion of Inmar 
 Caustic or Com/mon Caustic inserted in its ex- 
 tremity. Ducamp has recommended a Boiigie, 
 which swells out near its extremity, for the 
 better dilating of the urethia. This, he calls 
 B. a ventre. The metallic Bougie, invented by 
 Smyth, is a composition of metal, allowing of 
 great ,flexibility;-anda hollow Bougie is one, 
 with a channel running through it, to be used 
 in the same manner as the catheter, or other- 
 wise. 
 
 BOtriLLIE (F.), Fultic'ula, Fap, from (F.) 
 Bouillir, ' to boil.' f"lour, beaten and boiled 
 with milk. It is a common food for infants. 
 
 BOUILLON, (F.),frorn louillir, 'to boil,' 
 .Jus, Sorbif'io. A liquid food, made by boiling 
 the flesh of animals in water. The osmazome, 
 gelatin, and soluble salts dissolve ; the fat melts, 
 and the albutaen coagulates. Bouillon is nou- 
 rishing, owing to the gelatin and osmazome. 
 The Jus de Viande is a.very concentrated Bouil- 
 lon, prepared of beef, mutton, veal, &c. 
 
 BOUILLON, in common language, in France, 
 means a roimd fleshy excrescence, sometimes 
 seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer. 
 
 BOUILLON BLANC, Yexbdupma. nigrum. 
 
 BOUILLONS MEDICINAUXoaPHAR- 
 ■MACEUTIQUES, Medicinal ox Pharmaceutic 
 Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me- 
 dicinal herbs. The Bouillon aucc herbes is ge- 
 nerally-composed of sorrel or beet. 
 
 BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from bones, 
 is obtained by treating bones with muriatic 
 acid, in order to dissolve the earthy parts. The 
 gelatin, which reinains, is then boiled with a 
 little meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouil- 
 lon, however, can be easily obtained from the 
 bones of roa^t meat by simple coction. 
 
 BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition. 
 
 BOUIS, Buxus. 
 
 BOULE b'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum — 
 b. de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Mol- 
 sheim, Ferrum tartarizatum — b.de Nancy, Fer- 
 rum tartarizatum. 
 
 BOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba. 
 
 BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim/ius, Bu'li- 
 Vdus, Bou'li/mos, Bitlimiasis, Bolism^s, Eclim,'- 
 ia. Fames cani'na, Appeti'tus caninus, Appe- 
 ten'tia cani'na, Adepha'gia, CynorexHa, Orex'- 
 is cyno'des, BupHna, Bupei'na, Phagce'na, Pha- 
 gedce'na. Fames Bovi'naj F. I/^tpi'na, froin 
 iSouc, ' an ox,'' and Xifj.oc, ' hunger;' or from j?8, 
 
BOUUMJE 
 
 122 
 
 BRACHIAL 
 
 augmentative particle, and ai/xoc, ' hunger,' (F.) 
 Boulimie, Faim canine, F. devorante, Poly- 
 phagia. An almost insatiable hunger. A ca- 
 nine appetite. It is sometimes seen in hysteria 
 and pregnancy; rarely under other circum- 
 
 50?7i7JfXB, Bouiimia. ' 
 
 BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATliRS OF. 
 Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calals, 
 France. The waters are chalybeate. 
 
 BOUQiTET ANATOMIQlfE DE RIO- 
 LAN, (F.) from houquet, a collection of flow- 
 ers or other substances tied together. A name 
 given, by some anatomists, to the collection of 
 ligaments and muscles, inserted into the styloid 
 process of the temporal bone. 
 
 Bouquet Fever, Dengueil ^ 
 
 BOTXRBILLON, see Furunculus (core.) 
 
 BOURBON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Bourbon-Lapcy is a small village in the 
 department of Saone-et-Loire, France; where 
 there are thermal saline springs, containing car- 
 bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
 soda, chloride of calcium^ carbonate of lime, 
 iron, and silica. Their heat is from 106° to 
 135° Fahrenheit. 
 
 BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINE- 
 RAL WATERS OF. This town is in the de- 
 partment of the AUiCT, six leagues west from 
 Moulins, and has been long celebrated for its 
 thermal chalybeate waters. They contain sul- 
 phohydric acid, sulphate of soda, magnesia, and 
 lime, carbonate of iron, and silica. Their tem- 
 perature varies between 136° and 14S° Fahren- 
 heit;. 
 
 BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These springs are seven 
 leagues from Langres, department of Haute- 
 Marne, France. They are thermal and saline, 
 and have been long celebrated. Temperature 
 from 106° to 133° Fahrenheit. The Factitious 
 water, {F.y Eau de Bourbonns-les-Bains , Aqua 
 Borvonen'sis, is composed of water, containing 
 twice its bulk of carbonic acid, f. _^xxss ; chlo- 
 ride of soditim, f. 2j, chloride of calciimi, gr. x. 
 &c. 
 
 BOURBOULE, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 A village near Mount d'Or, where there are 
 two thermal saline springs. 
 
 BOURDAINE, Rhamhus frangula. 
 
 BOURDONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurinm. 
 
 BOURDONNET, Pulvil'lus,P. e Knamm'- 
 tis cdnfec'tus, P. rotan'dus. Dossil. A term 
 in French surgery for charpie rolled into a 
 small mass of an olive shape, which is used 
 for plugging wounds, absorbing the. discharge, 
 and preventing the union of their edges. In 
 oases of deep and penetrating wounds, as of 
 the abdomen or chest, a thread is attached to 
 them by which they may be readily withdraVvn, 
 and be prevented from passing altogether into 
 those cavities. 
 
 BOURGkNE, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula— 4. 
 Charnu, Granulation. 
 
 BOURGEONS, Gutta ro3ea. 
 
 BOURRACHE, Borago officinalis. 
 
 BOURRELET, (F.) A Pad, a Border. A 
 fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer- 
 tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid ca- 
 vity of the scapula and the acetabulum ; and 
 by which the (Jepth of those cavities is aug- 
 mented. 
 
 BOURRELET RbULi, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 BOURSES, (,LES,-) Scrotum. 
 
 BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness. 
 
 BOUTON, Papula— i. d'Alep, see Anthrax 
 -^b. Malin, see,Anthrax — b. d'Or, Ranunculus 
 acris. 
 
 BOUTONNlkRE, (F.) Pissu'ra, I-nds'io. 
 A sihall incision made into the urethra to extract 
 a ca:lculus from the canal, when it is too large 
 to be discharged. ' 
 
 Also, a small incision or puncture, made in 
 the peritoneum, or aboVp the , pubis, to pene- 
 trate the bladder in certain cases of retention 
 of urine. 
 
 BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea. 
 
 BOVILLiE, Rubeola. 
 
 BOVISTA, Lycoperdon. 
 . BOWEL, Intestine. 
 
 B0WLE66ED, see Cnemoscoliosis. 
 
 BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, 
 Gillenia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 BOXBEBRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uv^ ursi. 
 
 BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida. 
 
 BOr^l I/, Intestine. 
 
 BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum. 
 
 BRACHERIOLUM, Truss. - 
 . BRACHERIUM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHI^US, Brachial— b. Internus, Bra- 
 chialis anterior. 
 
 BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lin, Brachia'us, from 
 Brachiwm, ' the arm.' What belongs to the arm. 
 
 Brachial Aponeuro'sis. An aponeurosis, 
 formed particularly by expansions of the ten- 
 dons of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, 
 and deltoides muscles, and which completely 
 envelops the muscles of the arm. 
 
 Brachial Artery, Arte'ria brachia'lis, Hu- 
 meral Artery, (F.) Artire ou Tronc brachial. 
 The artery, which extends from the axilla tfl 
 the bend- of th^ elbow; where it divides into 
 Ji. cubita,lis and A. radialis. It passes along 
 the internal edge of the biceps, behind the me- 
 dian nerve and between the accompanying 
 veins. Under the name Brachial Artery, M. 
 Chaussier includes the subclavian, axillary, and 
 humeral, the last being the brachial propter. 
 
 Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mtis'ciilns 
 Brachia'lis Ante'rior, Brachia'Hs inMrnus, fl. 
 anti'cus, BrachicBUs, Brachiee'us intermts, (F.) 
 ^Muscle brachial interne, Humeror cubital-^ 
 (Ch.) This muscle is situate at the anterior 
 and inferior part of the arm, and before the el- 
 bow-joint. It arises, fleshy, frdm the middle 
 of the OS humeri, and is inserted into the coro- 
 noid process of the ulna. Use. To bend the 
 forearm. 
 
 Brachial Plexus, Plemcs .BrachiaHis, is a 
 nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of 
 the anterior branches of the four last cervical 
 pairs and the first dorsal. It is deSpLy seated 
 in the hollow of the axilla, and extends as far 
 as the inferior and lateral part of the neck. It 
 gives off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra 
 scapular, and the brachial (which are six in 
 number,) the axillary, cutaneous, musculo-cu- 
 taneous, radial, cubital, and median. 
 
 Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac- 
 company the artery, frequently anastomosing 
 with each other : they terminate in the axillary. 
 Under the term Brachial Vein, Chaussier in- 
 cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian. . 
 
BRACHIALE 
 
 123 
 
 BRASEGUR 
 
 BRACHIALE, Carpus. 
 
 BRACHIALIS, Brachial— b. Ariticus, Bra- 
 chial muscle — h. Externus, see Triceps exten- 
 sor cubiti — ^b. Internus, Brachial muscle. . 
 
 BRACHIERIDM, Truss. 
 
 BRACHILET, Truss. 
 
 BRACHIO-CEPHALIC ARTERY, Inno- 
 miaata arteria — b. Veins, Innominatae venae. 
 
 BR^'CHIO-CUBIT AL, Brachio-ktUtdlis . 
 That which belongs both to the arm and cubitus. 
 This name has been given to the internsil late- 
 ral ligament at the elbow-joint j because it is 
 attached to the os brachii or os humeri and to 
 the culjitus or ulna. 
 
 BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS, from |»5«/it»r, • the 
 arm,' and xuxxwo-i;, ' the act of making crooked.' 
 Curvature of the arm inwards. Paralysis or 
 loss of power from curvature of the arm, 
 
 BRACHION, Brachium. 
 
 BRACHION'CUS, from iJ^opr""*, 'the arm,' 
 and oyxos, ' a swelling.' A tumour of the arm. 
 
 BEACHIO-RADIAL, BraeUo-radia'lis. 
 That which belongs to the bra,chium and radius. 
 This name has been applied to the external la- 
 teral ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is 
 attached to the humerus and to the radius. See 
 Supinator radii longus. 
 
 BRACHIORRHEU'MA, Rkeumatis' mus 
 hra'chii', from (Jgajf/mv, 'the arm,' and Jsu^tta, 'de- 
 fiiixion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the' arm. 
 
 BRACHIROLUM, Truss. 
 
 BRA'CHITJM, Bra'chion, La.eer'tua, (E.) 
 Bras, the arm. The arm from the shoulder to 
 the wrist, or the part between the shoulder and 
 , elhoW. See Humeri Os. 
 
 Braohitjm Movens Quaktus, Latissimus 
 dorsi. 
 . BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. ' 
 
 BRACHYAU'CHEN, from finxJ/u 'short,' 
 and avytiv, 'neck.' One who has a short neck. 
 
 BRACHYCHRO'NIUS,from/3fa;c«5,'short,' 
 and jfeojof, ' time.' That which continues but 
 a short time. A term applied to diseases which 
 are of short duration. — Galen, 
 
 BRACHYGNA'THUS, from ppajtus, 'short,' 
 and yvaflo;, the ' under jaw.? A monster with 
 too short an under jaw. — Gurlt. 
 
 BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation. 
 
 BRACHYPNCEA, Dyspnoea. 
 
 BRACHYP'OTI, from ftajuc, 'Short,' and 
 ffoTijc ' drinker.' They who' drink little, or 
 who drink rarely. Hippoc, Galen, Foesins. 
 
 BRACHYRHYN'CHUS: from /»s«^«, 
 ' short,' and ^uyX'Sj 'snout.' A monster with 
 too short a nose. 
 
 BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation. 
 
 BRACING, Corroborant. 
 
 BRADYiESTHE'SIA, from ^pcciug, 'diffi- 
 cult,' and ajo-6ij(r«, ' sensation.' Impaired sen- 
 sation. 
 
 BRADYBOLIS'MUS, Brady spermatisrhus. 
 
 BRAD YECOIA, Deafness. 
 
 BRADYLOG"IA, Dysla'Ua; from (tqccSvq, 
 ' difficult,' and K^yo;, ' a discourse.' Difficulty 
 of speech. - 
 
 BRADYMASE'SISi Bradytnasise'sis, impro- 
 perly Brady maate' sis, Mandwca'tio diffic"iUs, 
 frpm flqaSvs, ' difficult,' and '/^arr^r i?, ' niastica- 
 tion.' Difficultmastication. Seel)ysn»sesis. 
 
 BRADYMASTESIS, Bradymasesis. 
 
 BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'rum cancoc'tio, 
 from fiqaSu!, 'slow,' and ncwrie, 'I digest.' 
 Slow digestion. — GaJen. See Dyspepsia. 
 
 BRADYSPERMATIS'MITS, Sr 
 miiS) Ejacula'tio sem'inia impedi'ta, Dysper- 
 moHs'mus, from |J{«iMS, ' slow,' and aniQfia, 
 ' sperm.* A slow emission of spernj. 
 
 BRADY^U'RIA, Tenes'mus vesi'ba, (Ej) 
 Tenesme vesical, from fi^aivt, ' difficult,' and 
 ougEir, ' to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation 
 of the urine, with perpetual desire to void it. 
 Dysuria (q. v.) ' 
 
 BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia. 
 
 BRAG'G'ET, Braggart, Bragwort. A.name 
 formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water. 
 See Hydromeli. 
 
 BB.AI, LIQXTIDE, see Pinus sylvestris— J. 
 Sec, Colophonia. 
 
 BRAIN, Cerebrum— b. Little, Cerebellum. 
 
 BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Braine is a small village, thi'ee leagues from 
 Soissons, France, which las purgative waters 
 similar to those of Passy. 
 
 BRAKE, COMMON,' Pteris Aquilina— b. 
 Rock, Polypodium vulgare-r-Ti. Root, Polypo- 
 dium vulgare, 
 
 . BRAJIBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, seeRu- 
 bus fruticosus— b. Common, Rubus frutico- 
 gus. 
 
 BRANi Furfur. 
 
 BRANC-TTRSIN^ bATARDE, Heracle- 
 um spondylium. 
 
 Branca URSINA, Acanthus mollis— b. 
 Germanica, Heracleum spondylium. 
 
 BRANCH, from (F.) Branehe, originally 
 probably from fi^ax'^w, 'an arm,'(?) because 
 branches of trees, &c., gooff like arms. A term 
 applied, generally, to the principal division of 
 an artery or nerve. The word is- cp-mfnonly 
 used synonyipously with Ramus ; but often, 
 with the Frfench, Branehe signifies the great 
 division ; — Rameau, Lat. 'Ra/maia, the division 
 of the branches ; and Ramuseules, Lat. Rarjius- 
 culi, the divisions of these last. 
 
 The French, also, speak of the Branches of 
 the pubis, for the Rami of that bone, branches 
 of the ischium, for the rami of the ischium, &c. 
 
 BRANCHES DE LA MOSLLE ALLON- 
 G£E (PETITES) Corpora restiformia. 
 
 BRAJVTCHI, 'BranchcB. Swellings of the ton- 
 sils, or parotid, ac'cording to some ; — of the 
 thyroid gland, according to othe;rs. 
 
 BRANCHUS, flfayx":, Rauce'do (q. v.) A 
 catarrhal affection of the mucous membrane of 
 the fauces, trachea, &c. — Galen. Hoarseness. 
 
 BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 BRANCIA, Vit^uio. 
 
 BRANDY. (G.) Branntwein, Dutch, 
 Brandwijn, 'burnt wine.' Vinuin adws'- 
 tum sen crem'atwm, Aqua Vitts, (F.) Eau d» 
 vie, (S.) Aguardiente. The first liquid pro-' 
 duct . obtained by distilling wine. It is com- 
 posed of water, alcohol, and an aromatic oily 
 matter, which gives it its flavour. Brandy is 
 a powerful and diffusible stimulant, and as such 
 is used in medicine. It has been also called 
 LiqiwfAquilefgius. See Spirit. 
 
 Brandt, Apple, see Fyrus malus. 
 
 BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea. 
 
 BRANKURSINE, Acanthus mollis. 
 
 BRANNTWEIN, Brandy. 
 
 BRAS, Brachium — i. du Cervelet, Corpora 
 restiformia. 
 
 BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS. OF. 
 BrasSgur is a place in the diocess of Rhodez, 
 where there are cathartic waters. 
 
BRASENIA 
 
 124 
 
 BRICUMUM 
 
 BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis. 
 Brase'nia Htdropel'tis, Brase'nia, Gelat'i- 
 na aquat'iea, Frogleaf, Little Water Lily, Wa- 
 ter Jelly, Deerfood. An indigenous plantj iVaf . 
 Ord. Eanunculacefe, Bex. Syst. Pojyandria Po- 
 lygynia, flourishing from Carolina to Kentucky 
 and Florida; and covering the surface of ponds, 
 marshes, &c. The fresh leaves are mucilagi- 
 nous, and have been used in pulmonary com- 
 plaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria. 
 BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis. 
 Brash, Weaning, Atroph'ia Ablactato'rum. 
 A severe, form of diarrhoea, which supervenes 
 at times on vyeaning. The Maladie de Cruveil- 
 heir appears to he a similar affection. 
 BRA8ILETT0, see Caesalpinia. 
 BRASIUM, Malt. 
 BRASMOS, Fermentation. 
 BRASS, Sax. bpa:r, Welsh, pres. AwrithaV- 
 cum, Orichal'eum, Mseeavvm,, Chrysochal'cos, 
 (F.) Airain. A yellovi' metal, formed by mix- 
 ing copper with calamine. The same general 
 remarks apply to it as to copper. See Cuprum. 
 BBAS'SICA, Crambe, xQafifiti, Bras' sica ole- 
 ra'cea: B. capita'ta seu cuma'na of the- old R6.- 
 raans. The Cabbage, (F.) Chbu potager. Fa- 
 mily, Crueiferae. Se*. Syst. Tetradynaniia Sili- 
 quosa. Cato vfrrote a book on its virtues. It is 
 a vegetable by no means easy of digestion 
 when boiled; TPhenraw, it appears to be more 
 digestible. When forming a -solid globular 
 mass, like a head, it is the B. Capita'ta, (F.) 
 Ckou-CabuSf Chou FoTimie. 
 Brassica Cakina, Mercurialis perennis. 
 Bras'sica Er0'oa, Eru'ca, Garden Brocket, 
 Roman BocJket, &c. (F.) Chou Roguette, Ro- 
 qitette. This was considered by the Romans, 
 an aphrodisiac, — Columella. The seeds were 
 ordinarily used. 
 
 Bras'sica Floe'ida, — Bras'sica Forhpeia'na 
 of the ancients — the Cauliflower, Caulis Flo- 
 rida, (F.) Chou-fleur, is a more tender and di- 
 gestible variety. 
 
 The Broc'eoli, B: Sabel'liea of the Romans, 
 8. Ital'ica, belongs to this variety. 
 
 Brassica Marina, Convolvulus soldanellai — 
 b. Pompeiana, Brassica Florida. 
 , Bra's'sica Napus, Napus Sglvestris, Bu- 
 iiias. Rape, (F.) Navetti. The seed yields a 
 quantity of oil. ' 
 
 Beassioa Niora, Sinapis nigra. 
 Bras'sica Rap a, Rapa rotun'da, Rapum ma- 
 jits, Rapd napus, Twrnip, (F.) Chou navet, 
 Navet, Rave. The turnip is liable to the same 
 objection (but to a less extent) as the cabbage. 
 BRATHU, Juniperus sabina. 
 BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina. 
 BRA TER, Truss. 
 
 BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA, Hagenia 
 Abyssinica. 
 BRAZIL WOOD, Csesalpinia echinata. 
 BREAD, see Triticum. 
 
 Bread, Gluten. Br^ad made of wheat dough 
 deprived of the chief portion of its starch by 
 vyashiiig. Bread, made of gluten only, cannot 
 be eaten on account of its hardness and tough- 
 ness; hence, one fifth of the normal quantity of 
 starch is allowed to remain, and in this form 
 the bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, 
 and moderately agreeable. 
 
 Bread, Household, Syncomistos. 
 BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus. 
 
 BREAST, Thorax, Mamma— b. Abscess of 
 the, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
 
 BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass ap- 
 plied to the nipple to receive the milk when 
 secreted copi6usly by the mamma. , 
 
 BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina 
 pectoris. , 
 
 BREAST-PUMP, Antlia lactea. 
 BREATH, Sax. bpaBe, JSal'itus, Anheljitus, 
 An'imus, S'pir'itus, At'mos, (F.) Haleine.' The 
 air' expelled from the chest, at each expiration. 
 It requires to be studied in the diagnosis of tho- 
 racic diseases especially. 
 
 Breath, Offensive; Fceior Oris, Caeosto- 
 matosp^ire' sia, Hal'itns oris fm'iidusjOzl. An 
 offensive condition, which is usually dependent 
 upon carious teethj or some faulty state of the 
 secretions of the air passages. The internal 
 use of the chlorides may. be advantageous. 
 Breath, Short, Dyspntea. 
 BREATHING, DIFFICULTY OF, Dysp- 
 ncea. 
 
 BRECHET, (F.) The Brisket. This name 
 is given in some parts of France to the caj-ti- 
 'lago ensiformis, and sometimes to the steinnm 
 itself.' . ' ' 
 
 BRECHMA, Bregma. ., 
 BRECHMUS, Bregma. 
 BR£DISSURE,(F.) Trismus Capistra'tns. 
 Incapacity of opening the mouth, in conseqilence 
 of preternatural adhesion between the' internal 
 part of the cheSk and gums ; often occasioned 
 by the abuse of mercury. y 
 
 BREDOJTILLEMENT, (F.) Tituim'tia. 
 A precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, 
 in which a part only of the words is pronounced, 
 and several of the syllables viciously changed. 
 This defect is analogous to stuttering, but dif- 
 fers from it in being dependent on too great ra- 
 pidity of speech ; whilst stuttering is tharac- 
 terized by continual hesitation, and frequent rc- 
 petitioB of the same syllables. 
 
 BREGMA, Brechma, Brechmus, from fqv 
 Xuv, 'to sprinkle;' Fontanell'a,{s^.v.') Sin'- 
 ciput (q. V.) The top of tbe head was thps 
 called, because it was believed to be humid in 
 infants ; and, according to some, because it was 
 conceived to correspond to the most humid part 
 of the brain. 
 
 BRENNING, Burning. ' ' 
 BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa. 
 BREPHOTROPHE'UM, .Ecthelobrephotro- 
 phe'uin, from (*§s9<ic, 'a new born child,' and 
 TjoijiEiv, 'to nourish.' A foundling hospital. 
 BRiSILLET, Caesalpinia sappan. 
 BRE'VI A VAS A , Short Vessels: This name 
 has been given to several branches of the sple- 
 nic arteries and veins, which are distributed to 
 the great cul-de-sac of the stomach. 
 BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconefls. 
 BRICK, (F.) BHqUe. Hot'bricks are some- 
 times used to apply heat to a part, as to the 
 abdomen in colic, or after the operation for po- 
 pliteal aneurism; or, reduced to very fine pow- 
 der, and mixed with fat, as an application to 
 herpetic and psoric affections. 
 
 Bricks, Forha'ccfe Testa or TiUs, Were for- 
 merly, bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was 
 used as a specific in cutaneous affections. They 
 entered, also, into a cerate nsed for scrofulous 
 humours, '&c. To the Terra Forna'eum, or 
 Brick earth, the same vij-tues were assigned. 
 BRICUMUM, Artemisia. 
 
BRIDE 
 
 135 
 
 BRONCHIA 
 
 BRWE, (F.) A bridle. Fra'mclum, Reti- 
 iiac'ulum. This term is given, in , the plural, 
 to mejnbranous filaments, whith are found 
 within abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and 
 which prevent the exit (tf pus. The term is, 
 also, applied to preternatural adhesions, which 
 occur in cicatrices of the skin, in the urethra, 
 or in inflamed serous or synovial membranes. 
 
 BRIER, WILD, Rosa canina. 
 
 BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY, 
 see Kidney, Bright's disease of th3. 
 
 BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of 
 this (ashionable watering place, on the south 
 coast of England, is dry, elastic, and bracing; 
 According to Sir James Clark, its climate ap- 
 pears to the greatest advantage in the autumn 
 and early part of the winter; when it is some- 
 what milder and more steady than that of Has- 
 tings. Accordingly, ft is adapted for all cases 
 in which a dry and mild air at this season of 
 the year proves beneficial. In the spring 
 months, owing to the .prevalence of,, and its 
 exposure to, north-east winds, the climate is 
 cold, harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is 
 well adapted for convalescents, and for all who 
 require a dry and bracing sea air. 
 
 BRIMSTONE, Sulphur. 
 . BRINE, Muria. 
 
 BRINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 BRION, Corallina. 
 
 BRIQUBj Brick. 
 
 BRIQUEBEC, MINERAL, WATERS OF. 
 This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of iron. 
 
 BRISE-PIERRE ARTICUL&, (F.) An 
 instrument invented by Jacobson for trashing 
 the stone in the bladder. 
 
 BRISTOL HOT WELL, BristoUen'sis Aqua. 
 Brlstol'is about thirteen mile^ from Bath, in 
 England. The water is an almost pure ther- 
 mal; slightly acidulated. > It contains chlorides 
 of Magnesium and,,sodium, sulphate of soda, 
 sulphate of liine, carbonate of lime, carbonic 
 acid, oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° 
 Fah. The Sot Well has beelj^long celebrated. 
 Its action is like that of the thermal waters in 
 general.. The climate of Bristol is mild, and 
 hence the water has been celebrated for the 
 cure of incipient pulmonary consumption. See 
 Cliftpn. 
 
 BRIZOCERAS, Ergot. 
 
 'SROA.'D,S<fx.\)Wo, Lotus, (¥.) Large. Any 
 body is so termed whose transverse extent is 
 considerable compared, with its length. The 
 Broad Bones; such as' the fron1;al, parietal, occi- 
 pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of 
 splanchnic Cavities. Broad Muscles generally 
 occupy the parietes of cavities, and especially 
 those of the chest and abdomen. The epithet 
 has also been applied to other parts-^-as, to the 
 broad iigamints of the iwomb, &c. ' ' 
 
 BROCCOLI, BrassiqaSabeUica. - . 
 
 BROCHOS, fgo^nt,Laqueua,{({. v.) A ban- 
 dage. ■ 
 
 BROCH'THTJS, fiiox,9te, Gula. The throat. 
 Also, a kind of small drinking vessel.— ^Hipp. 
 . BROCHTJS, fiioxo$. -This name has been 
 given to one whp.has a, very prominent upper 
 lip. — CS.stelli. According to others, it means 
 one whose teeth project in front of the mouth. 
 
 BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus ox Jus'cu- 
 lum. Broth, or the liquor in which any thing 
 is boiled. Bro'dium, salis — a decoction of salt. 
 
 BROIEMENT, see Cataract. 
 
 BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken. 
 
 BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma. 
 
 BROMA, Aliment, Bromine. 
 
 BROMATOECCRISiS, Lientery. 
 
 BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, 
 Bromo^raphy, Bromograph'ia, from |9pa/<a, 
 ' food,' and ygaqiii, 'a description.' A descrip- 
 tion of aliments. 
 
 BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatplog"ia, SitioV- 
 ogy, from |J5o^o, ' food,' and Koyog, ' a discourse.' 
 A treatise on food. 
 
 BROME, Bromine. 
 
 BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olaus 
 Bromel, a Swede. Car'duus Brazilia'nus, 
 Ancirias acostce o^altas sen aculea'tus, Anas' sa, 
 Capa-Isiak'kal, Analnas, or Fine Apple, A 
 West India tree, wliich produces the most de- 
 licious of fruits.- 
 
 Bbome^lia Pinguin, Ana'nas -Ameriea'na, 
 Pinguin, Broad-leaved wild Ana'nas, Sac. The 
 West India plant, which affords the Pinguin 
 fruit. . The fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, 
 when ripe, very austere. It %s used to acidu- 
 late punch. A wine is made from the Pinguin, 
 which is very intoxicating, and has a good fla- 
 vour. 
 
 BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine— b. of 
 Mercury,, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see 
 Bromine. 
 
 BROMIDRO'SIS, from (Sjiofcoc, 'stenchj' and 
 'tijcos, 'sweat.' .Offensive sweat. 
 
 BROMINE, Bro'minum, Bromin'iwm, Bro- 
 ma, Bromin'eumj Bro'mium, Bro'mina, Bromtcm, 
 Mu'rina, Muride, Brome. A simple body, of a 
 very volatile nature, and highly Offensive and 
 suffocating odour, whence its name, from flgia- 
 liog, ' a stench.' It is met with chiefly in sea- 
 water, and in many animal and vegetable bo- 
 dies that live therein. It has likewise been 
 found in many mineral waters of this and other 
 countries. In its chemical relations, it may be 
 placed between chlorine and iodine. With ox- 
 ygen it forms an acid^ the Bromisj and with 
 hydrogen another — ^the Hydrohfomic. 
 
 Pure Bromine, Bromide of Iron, (do^e gr. 
 i or ij) and Bromide of Potassium, Hydrobro- 
 tnate of Pdtassa, (F.) BroTtiure de potassium, 
 (dose gr. iv to viij in thfe day,) have been used 
 medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis, — inter- 
 nally, as well as applied externally. Bromine 
 may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled wa- 
 ter, and six drops be commenced with as a dose. 
 Bromides of Mercury {Sydrar'gyriBfo'^da) 
 have been given in syphilis. The protobromidt 
 and the bibromide are analagous in composition 
 and medicinal properties to the corresponding 
 iodides of mercury. 
 
 BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography. 
 
 BROMOS, fiQu/uos. One of the cerealia, sup- 
 posed, by some, to ,be oats. See Avena. 
 
 BROMOSUS, Fetid. 
 
 BRONCHES, Bionchia — b. Ganglions lym- 
 pkatiques des, Bronchial glands. , 
 
 BRON'CHI A, Bron'chia, Bronchi, from (Sfoy- 
 Xm, 'tlie throat.' ^ The Latins used the term 
 BrOTichusi for the whole of the trachea; whilst 
 they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bron- 
 chia, BroncJlice, and Bronchij (F.') Branches, 
 now mean the two tubes, with their ramifica- 
 tions, which arise from the bifurcation pf the 
 trachea, and carry air into the lungs, — Can'- 
 nula pulmo'nwm, ' 
 
BRONCraAL 
 
 136 
 
 BRONCHORRHCEA 
 
 Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated 
 Bronchia. Tlie physical signs of this condition 
 are the following; — Fefeussion usually clear, 
 but not unfrequently less so than natural, al- 
 though very seldom quite dull, Auseultation 
 detects coarse mucous or gurgling rhonehi, in- 
 creased by the cough, combined' With, or re- 
 placed by, bronchial or cavernous respiratioh, 
 which is often effected as if by a suddenpuff or 
 whiff. The resonance of the voice is increased, 
 but it seldom amounts to perfect pectoriloquy. 
 The most common situations for dilated bron- 
 chia are the scapular, mammary, or latCTE^l re- 
 gions. They are almost always confined to one 
 side. 
 
 Bronchia, Obliteration,, or Compression 
 OF the. The inspiratory murmur on ausculta- 
 tion is weaker or wholly suppressed over a li- 
 mited portion of the chest; the expiration is ge- 
 nerally more distinct and prolonged: all the 
 other conditions are natural. 
 
 BRONCHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, 
 Bron'chicus: That which relates to the bron- 
 chia. "■" 
 
 Bronchial Arteries, (F.) Artlr-es Bron- 
 chiques. These are generally two in number, 
 one going to each lung. They arise from the 
 thoracic aorta, and accompany the bronchia in 
 alliheir ramifications. 
 
 Bron'chial Cells, (F.) Cellules hronchiques. 
 The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia. 
 
 Bronchial Coushj (F.) Toux hronchique, 
 T. tubaire. This generally accompanies bron- 
 chial respiration. They both indicate obstruc- 
 tion to the entrance of air into the air-cells. 
 
 Bron'chial Glands, Glan'didcc'Vesalia'nc^, 
 glands of Ve'sa'liuS) (F.) Glandes hronchiques 
 on Ganglions .lymphatiques des bronches, are 
 numerous glands of an ovoid shape ; of a red- 
 dish hue in the infant, and subsequently brown 
 and black, seated in the course , of the bronchia. 
 Their functions are unknown. The bronchial 
 glands may be presumed to be affected by scro- 
 fulosis, when, in addition to the ^existence of 
 tumours in,' the neck, percussion gives a dull 
 sound under the upper and central part of the 
 sternum, whilst there is no appreciable lesion 
 of the lungs. 
 
 Bron'chial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Bronchiqties, 
 are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses. 
 
 •Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial 
 — b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 
 Bron'chial Veins arise from the last divi- 
 sions of the arteries of the same name, and pass, 
 on the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the 
 left, into the superior intercosta:!. 
 
 BRONCHIC ,.,Bronchial. 
 
 BRONCHIECTASIS, Dilata'tio bronchio'- 
 ram, from /Sf oy;fo-?, ' a bronchus,' and txTafftc, 
 ' dilatation.' Dilatation of one or more bron- 
 chial tubes. 
 
 BRONCHIITIS, BroncWtis. 
 
 BRONCHITE CONVULSIVE, Pertussis. 
 
 BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchii'tis, ^Injlamma'tio 
 hronehio'rum, Catar/rhus Pulmo'nmn, C. bron- 
 fhio'rum, Pleuri'tis hiimida, P. bronchia'lis, 
 Bronchos'tasisy PuVmonary Catwrrh, Jingi'na 
 hronchialis, (F.) Inflam/mation des Bronches, 
 Inflammation of the lining membrane- of the 
 bronchial tubes. This is always more or less 
 present in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is 
 accompanied by cough, mucous expectoration, 
 dyspnoea, and more or less uneasiness in breath- 
 
 ing. The acute form is accompanied with all 
 the signs of internal inflammation, and requires 
 the employment of antiphlogistics followed by 
 revulsives. The chronic foxm, Tussis seni'lis, 
 Eatar'rh/iis seni'lis, Rheuma catarrha'lg, Perip- 
 neuTTio'nia'notha (q. v.) Brtinchorrha'd acu'ta^ ^ 
 Winter cough. Chronic Catarrh, may he con- 
 founded with phthisis ; from which it must be 
 distinguished mainly by the absence of hectic 
 fever and of the physical signs that are charac- 
 teristic of the latter, as well as by the nature 
 of the expectoration, which is generally mu- 
 cous, although at times mucp-pnrulent. When 
 the expectoration is little or none, the' broDchi- 
 tis.issaidto be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhs 
 Sec. - . ■• 
 
 When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it 
 is termed capil'lary bronchi'tis, broKchi'tia 
 captlla'ris, bronchoc'acS infanti'iis (?), and is 
 often fatal to children. 
 
 Bronchitis^ Cs-t-arrh — b. . Asthenica, Perip- 
 neupionia notha — b. Capillary, see Bronchitisr- 
 b.- Conyulsiva, Pertussis— rb. . Membrapacea, 
 Polypus brOnchialis— b. Plastic, Polypus brqn» 
 chialis^— b. Pseudomembranous, Polypus broils 
 chialis — b. Summer, Fever, hay. 
 
 BRONCHIUS) gterno-thyroideus. 
 
 BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis. 
 
 BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia ' notha:— 
 b. Infantilis, see Bronchitis., 
 
 BRONCHO-CATARRHUS, Catarrh. '. 
 
 BRONCHOCE'LE, from (Sgoyxos, '■ a bron- 
 chus,' and x?)\7j, 'tumour.' An inaccurate name 
 for the affection which is called, also, Bo'chivm, 
 Botium, Hernia giit'tuHs, Gutt2ir tu'midwit 
 seu globo'szim, Trachelophy'ma, .Hernia gutr 
 tura'lis, Thyroce'li, Thyreoce'lS, Tracheoce'll, 
 Thyremphrax'is, Thyteophrax'ia, Thyreon'ms, 
 Thyron^us, Deiron'cics, Derj)n'Giis, Thyro' 
 phrax'ia, Gossum, Go'tium, Exechehron'chiM, 
 Gongro'na, Struma, Glans, Bo'ciwm, Her'nia 
 bronchia'lis, Trackeloce'lB,, 'Tuber guttnro'swm, 
 Gutte'ria, ifC., ih& Derbyshire neck. Swelled 
 -neck. Wen, GoUre, IfC, (F.) Go\tre, Gouetre, 
 Hypertrophic du Corps Thyroide, Grosse Gorge, 
 Gros Cou. This is no rupture, but consists of 
 an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is 
 common at the base of loftymountains in every 
 part of the world; and has been supposed to-be 
 owing to the ' drinking of snow-water, but it 
 occurs where there is no snow. The tumour 
 is sometimes very extensive. Iodine has great 
 powpr over it, and will generally 6ccasion its 
 absorption, when the case has not been of such 
 duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous 
 condition. 
 
 BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis. 
 
 BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance. . 
 
 BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronekoplas'ticns ; 
 from (?eoy;f 05,.'a bronchus,'and nlaaao; ' I form.' 
 An epithet given, to. the operation for closing 
 fistulas in the trachea. 
 
 BRONCHOPNETJMO'NI A, from .|Ssoy/oft 'a 
 bronchus,' and Pneumonia. Inflammation . of 
 the bronchia and lungs. ^ ■ 
 
 BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) BronchorrUe, 
 Catarrhe pituiteux, PhlegTnorrhagie pulmonaire^ 
 Flux bronchique, from figoy/og, ^bronchus,' and 
 Qta, 'l flow.' An increased secretion cf mucus 
 from the air passages, accompanied or not by 
 inflammation : — a gleet (q. v.) as it were, of the 
 pulnionary mucous mem'brane. 
 
 Bronchorbhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic.) 
 
BRONCHOSTASIS 
 
 127 
 
 BRUIT DE rJfE 
 
 BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.. 
 
 BRONCHOTOME, Bronchot'omus, from 
 ?S'^X'^> ^^^ iififuv, ' to cut.' A kind of lancet, 
 with a blunt and rpundfed point, mounted on a 
 handle, and fitted to a canula, which passes in 
 along with it, and is allowed to remain in the 
 opfening made in the tracliea. 
 
 BR0NCHOT'OMY,BraneAo*om'tffi,(F.)Brom- 
 chotorrde. Same etymology. A surgical ope- 
 ration, , which consists in making" an opening 
 either into the trachea, (Tracheoi'omy:) into the 
 larynx, (iaryre^ot'omy.) or into both, ( TracAeo- 
 laryngot'omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to 
 permit the passage of air to the lungs. These 
 different parts are divided transversely or ver- 
 tically, according to circumstances. ' 
 
 BRONCHUS, Trachea. 
 
 BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabuhga. 
 
 BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartiura scopa- 
 rium — b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover, So- 
 phora tiiictoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria — 
 b. Rape, of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — 
 b. Spanish, Spartium junceum— b. Yellow, So- 
 phora tinctoria. 
 
 brossardiEre, mineral waters 
 
 OF. Brossardi6re is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, 
 France. The waters contain carbonates of iron 
 and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulpljateof 
 lime. They are aperient. 
 
 BROSSE, Brush. ' 
 
 BROUILLARB, Caligo. 
 
 BROtrS'SAIST. One who is a believer^ in, 
 and professor of, the physiological and patholo- 
 gical opinions of BrOussais. The system itself 
 was called Bkoussaism or the Physiological 
 Do.etrine, 
 
 BROW, Front — b. Ague, Neuralgia fronta- 
 lis. 
 
 BROWN RED, Colcothar. 
 
 BROWN'I AN, Mrowno'nia/n, Bruno'nian. 
 "Relating to the system or opinions of John Brown. , 
 
 BROWNISM, Bru'rmnism, Bruno'nianism. 
 The doctrines of Brown. 
 
 BROWNIST, Browno'Tiian, Bruno^nian. A 
 follower of the system of Brown. 
 
 BRU'CEAANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.-Called 
 after Brace, the Abyssinian traveller. B- f^r- 
 rugin'ea^Angustu'ra spu'ria^(¥ . )Efl/iisse Angus- 
 ture, A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic name of 
 the plant whence is obtained the false Angus- 
 turq, Barh. It affords Brucia. 
 
 BRUCIA, Brucine. ' 
 
 BRUCINE, Bru'eiaf Brucl'na, Bru^^um, 
 Bru'cium',Pseudangustun'num, Vom'ic^Bff AW 
 organic, salifiable base, discovered in the falsV 
 Angustura — ^rucea amti-dysenter'iea, and ob- 
 tained from Strychnos nux vom'ioa. It is of a 
 pearly white ; crystallizes in oblique prisms 
 with a parallelogrammatic base ; is very bitter, 
 slightly acrid and styptic, arid soluble ia-water, 
 but more so in alcohol. Brucia is a less active 
 poison than strychnia. It resembles it, how- 
 ever, and may be'used as a substitute for it and 
 for the extract of nux vomica. Dose, half "a 
 grain. 
 
 BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car- 
 bonic acid and iron. 
 
 BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Brucourt is" three leagues and a half from Caen 
 in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic 
 acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, 
 much sulphate of lime, &c. 
 
 BRUISE, Contusion. 
 
 BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria. 
 
 BRUISSEMENT, (F.) Frem'itus. This 
 word has much the same signification as Bour- 
 donnenwntp (q. v.) as well as Bruits 
 
 BRUJT, (F.) < Sound,' (q. v.) A French 
 term applied to various sounds heard on per- 
 cussion and auscultation, viz. - 
 
 BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B. de Tirml-, 
 lemeiit, Bruit de cuir neuf, ' sound of crackling, 
 or bursting, pr of new leather.' A sound pro- 
 duced by the friction of the pericardium, when 
 dried and roughened by inflammation. 
 
 BRUIT DU CCEUR FCETAL, Battemeni 
 doubles ; Double bruit du Caur du Fatus. The 
 pulsationsof the foetal heart heard in auscultation 
 in the latter half of utero-gestation. 
 
 BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF, Bruit de eraq-iie- 
 ment. 
 
 BR UIT DEDIAB LEfionflemeni de Viable, 
 Bruit de siiufle A double courant, -' noise of the 
 diable or hiimming-top.' Venous Hum. A high 
 degree of Bruit de soufflet, heard on auscultating 
 the arteries. It denotes an impoverished state ' 
 of the blood. 
 
 . BRUIT DOUBLE DU CCEUR, DU FCE- 
 TUS, Bruit du Cieur fatal — b. de Fr&lement, 
 see Fr6lement. 
 
 B^UIT DE FROTTEMENT ASCEN- 
 DANT ET DESCENDANT, ' Sound of fric 
 tion of ascent and descent.' Sounds produced 
 by the rubbing of the lung against the parietes 
 of the chest, as it rises and falls' during inspira7 
 tion and expiration. They are distinctly heard in 
 pleuritis, >when the pleura has become rough- 
 ened by the disease. Friction sounds or , Ta- 
 and-fro sounds are also heard in pericarditis 
 and peritonitis. 
 
 BRUIT RUMORIQUE, B. Hydropnevma- 
 iique. 'The soijnd afforded on percussion when 
 organs are filled with liquid and air. 
 
 BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATI'QUE, Bruit 
 
 BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound ac- 
 companying the first sound of the heart, referred 
 by some to muscular contraction. Called, also. 
 Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having 
 been thought to resemble the rumbling of djs- 
 tant wheels. 
 
 BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement module. 
 
 BRUIT DE PARCHEMIN. ' Parchment 
 tone." A sound as if prodticed' by two sheets 
 of parchrlient applied to each other. It is said 
 to be produced by thickening and rigidity of the 
 valves, of the heart. 
 
 BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de souffiet 
 placentaire, B. utdrin, Spuj^e ut^rin, Souffie 
 placentaire, Placental bellows' sound, Utero- 
 placen'tal murmur. Uterine murmiir. The bel- 
 lows' sound heard on auscultating over the site 
 Of the placenta in a pregnant female.. It does 
 not appear to be owing to the placental vessels : 
 but to the uterine tuiiiour pressing upon the 
 large vessels of the mother. 
 
 BRUIT DE POT FM.L&; • Sound of a cracked 
 vessel-.' This sound is heard on percussion, 
 when a -cavern in the lungs is filled with air, 
 and has a narrow outlet. 
 
 BRUIT DERACLEMENT, « Soundof scra- 
 ping.' A sound produced by the scraping of 
 hard, solid membranes, as the pericardium, 
 •against each other. 
 
 BRUIT DE rJpE, ' Sound of a rasp.' A 
 
BRUIT ROTATOIRE 
 
 128 
 
 BUBO 
 
 sound heard during the contraction of either 
 the auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and 
 the contraction of the cavity is more prolonged 
 than natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as 
 it vrere — stifled sound. 
 
 It indicates contraction af the valvular ori- 
 fices by cartilaginous' deposits, or ossification, 
 and is better heard near the apex of the heart, 
 if the auriculo- ventricular valves be concerned, 
 — near the base if the semilunar valve's be fhe 
 seat of the disease. 
 
 BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire.- 
 
 BRUIT BE SCIE, or ' savir-sound,' and 
 Bruit de lime ^ Bois,_or ' file-sound,' resemble 
 the Bruit de iJd^e, (q. v.) 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLE a DOUBLE COU- 
 RAPTT, Bruit de Diable. 
 
 BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle, 
 ' bellows' sound,' ' blovping pound.' A sound 
 like that of a-bellowS, heard occasionally by the 
 ear applied to the chest during the^smtraction 
 of the ventricles, auricles, or lar^^teries. It 
 coexists vifith aJffections of th^Tieart, but is 
 heard, also, without any> disease ■ in that cu-gan, 
 — whenever, .indeed, an artery is compressed. 
 AnLE«cepAa^ic5e/Zo«?j'jo«<rac?, has been described 
 by Drs. Fisher and Whitney. It is heard on ap- 
 plying the ear to the occiput or to the top of the 
 head ; and is coiisidered to indicate turgescenfl# 
 of vessels, or inflammation. When such>^- 
 gescence exists, the vessels are compressed, 
 and the compression gives rise to the sound in 
 question. 
 
 BRUITDESOUFFLETFLSCENTAIRE, 
 Bruit place7Uaire—rb. de T'iraillement, Bruit t^ 
 eraquement. 
 
 BRUIT DE TAFFETAS. ' Sound of Taf- 
 feta.' 'Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound 
 so named, by M. GrisoUe, from its resembling 
 the sound caused by the tearing of a piece of 
 taffeta; and which he considers'to indicate he- 
 patization of the lung limited tff the surface in 
 pneumonia. 
 
 BRUIT TTMPJ]NIQUE,'Tym^i.so\XB.A.' 
 The clear sound afforded by percjrffsing the sto- 
 mach and intestines when containirig air. 
 
 BRUIT UTHRIN, B. placentaire. 
 
 BRULURE, Burn. 
 
 BRUNELLE, Prunella. ' 
 
 BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'- 
 dul^cB, Glandultt salita'ricR, Solitary glands. 
 Solitary follicles, Second pan'creas,. Mucipa- 
 rous follicles of a small size, seated between the 
 mucous and muscular coats of, the^stomi 
 along the two curvatures of that or'gan,,^ti( 
 the small intestines,. especially the duodenum; 
 so called from their discovery having been ge- 
 nerally attributed to Brunner. The solitary 
 intestinal follicles are usually known, at the 
 . present day, as the glands of Brunner, although 
 Brunner restricted the latter term to the glands 
 of the duodenum. 
 
 BRUNONIAN, Brownian. 
 
 BRUNONIANISM, Brownism. , 
 
 BRUNUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 BRUSCUS, Ruscus. 
 
 BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Br'osse. A well 
 known instrument, used in medicine chiefly for 
 the following purposes. 1 . To clean the teeth. 
 2. To remove the saw-dust, which adheres to 
 the teeth of the trephine, during the operation 
 of trephining. 3. To rub the surface of the 
 body, for the purpose of exciting the skin, and 
 
 cha- 
 
 favouring transpiration. Westring; a Swedish 
 ■physician, has recommended metallic brushes 
 for the purpose of conveying galvanism to a 
 part . These brushes ccmsist (^ a plate of ebony 
 fitted to another of gold, in which threads of the 
 same metal are fixed; — ^the brush being con- 
 nected with one of the poles of the galvanic pile. 
 
 Bkusp, Stojuach, Excutia yentrjculi;, 
 
 BRUT A, Junip"ferus sabina. 
 
 ■ BRU'TIA. A sort of thickVtch, obtained 
 from'Brutia in Italy.' From the Fix Brutia 
 was obtained the Oleum Fici'num. 
 
 Brutia, Instinct. 
 
 BRUTINO, Terebinthina. ■ ■ 
 
 BRUXANELI. a Malabar tree, the barjc 
 and leaves of which have a strong smell, and 
 are astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its 
 juice, minced lyith gutter, is applied to boils. 
 Its bark is esteemed to be diuretic,, andits roots 
 anti-arthritic. 
 
 BRUrkRE VXTLGAIRE, Erica vulgaris, , 
 
 BRUYSRES, mineral WATERS, OF-. 
 Briiyeres is a small village, 7^ fea,gues^ 
 Luneville. The waters are acidulous i 
 lybeate. 
 
 BRYCETOS, see Algidus. 
 
 BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus.- 
 
 BRYCHETOS, see Algidus. 
 
 SRYGMA, Brffgmus, Trisis, Prisi^ 
 ■mils, Odontopri'sis, Stridor Den'tiit€ 
 Giincement des Dents, (q. v.) Grinding of the 
 teeth. A common symptom in children of gasj 
 trie or other derangement, but often pr^^ 
 jTvhen there is, no reason to suspett anj.Jr 
 
 BRYO'NIA ALBA; White Bry'ony, Vitis 
 ctlba sylves'tris, Agros'tis, Agriavi'pelos, Am'pe- 
 los a'gria, Archeos'tris,< Echetro'Hs, Bryo'nia 
 as'pera, Cedros'tis, Ckelido'nium, Lahrus'ca, 
 Melo'thrtim, Ophrostaph'ylon, Psilo'tkrum,Bri/- 
 onia Dioi'ca. Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceee. Sex. 
 Syst. MoncEciaMonadelphia. (F.) Couleuvmff 
 Vigne vierge, V. blanche.. The rbot \sJl^ 
 and succulent, and has an acrid, bitter, and dis' 
 agreeable taste. It is a drastic cathartic. , Ex- 
 ternally, it has been applied, in form of cata- 
 plasm, in gout. When repeatedly washed, a 
 good, starch is obtained fjom it. The active 
 principle has been separated from it, and called 
 Bry'on^ne. 
 
 • Bryonia Mechoaoanna Nibrioans, Convol- 
 vulus jalapa — b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 BRYONINE,,see Bryonia alba. 
 
 ^""TIA, Marc of grapes. ^ 
 
 ^"'ON, Cerevisia. - ,^ ^ ' ^'' 
 j5ou, abbreviation affiovii ' an ox;' in com- 
 position expresses, ' excess, greatness.' Hence 
 Bulimtis, Buphthal'mia, &c, 
 
 BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 BUBE, Pustule. 
 
 BUBO, ^ivfimv, Pano'chia,'Fjmns inguina'lis, 
 Adenophyjntaingiiinalis, Biibon^pa'nus, Bubo- 
 non'cus, Bubon'cus, Cambu'ca, Angus, Bowbdn, 
 Codoce',11, Codoscel'la,(T.) Bubon, Poulain. In. 
 the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word 
 sometimes signifies the groin— JV^em; at others, 
 the inguinal glands; and at others, again„swell- 
 ing or inflammation of these parts, The mo- 
 derns apply the term to an inflammatory tumour 
 seated in the groin or. axilla., and they generally 
 distinguish, I. Simple or sympathetic Bubo, 
 which is independent of any virus in the eco- 
 nomy. 2. Venereal Bubo, (F.) Bubon venerien, 
 which is occasioned by the venereal virus. 3. 
 
 ;ip4- ujtxwr 
 
 ithe BBJf TI 
 idin WBUTSou 
 
BVBON > 
 
 129 
 
 BUCKWHEAT 
 
 Pestilential Btihoy or B. symptomatic of the 
 Plaguei The last two have by some been 
 called malignant Bubo, (F.) Buhon malin. 
 
 Frvm/iry Bubo, (F.) Bftbon primtitif, shows 
 itself with the first symptoms of syphilis : the 
 consecutive not till afterwards. 
 
 BUHON, Bubo, Inguen-r-b. Guramiferum, 
 see Ammoniac gum.' 
 
 BuBON Gal'banum- The systematic name 
 of a plant which has been supposed to afford 
 the galbanum. Meto'pion, Mato'rium. The 
 plant is also called Fer'ula Afriea'na, Oreoseli'- 
 num Africa'ni0n, Ani'sum fruti^o'swm galha- 
 niferum, Anisiim Africa'nnm fruies'cens,S'eli'- 
 num Galbanum, The long-leaved or loyage- 
 leaved. Gal'banum. JVa*. Ord. Umbelliferae. 
 The plant can scarcely, however, be considered 
 to be determined. Galbanum is the gummi-re- 
 sinous juice of this tree. "Its odour is fetid, and 
 taste bitter and acrid: the agglutinated tears 
 are of a white colour, on a ground of reddish- 
 brown. It forms an emulsion, when triturated 
 with water, and is soluble in proof -spirit of 
 Wine, and vinegar: o.g. 1.212. It has been 
 given as an antispasmodic, and .expectorant, in 
 pill or emulsion. Dose^from gr. 10 to 60.., Ex- 
 ternally, it is applied as a cataplasm. 
 
 BuEoN Macedon'ioum, Petroseli'mtm Mace- 
 don'icum, A'pium petrce'itm, PettWpium,, (F.) 
 Persil de Macedoine, Macedo'nian Parsley, 
 Its properties are similar to those of common 
 parsley, but weaker and less grateful. The 
 seeds are an , ingredient in tbe celebrated com 
 pounds, Mithjidate zxiA. Theriac. 
 
 BUBONA, Nipple. 
 
 BUBONALGIA, from /Soo/9ai/, ^the groin,' 
 and aXyoc, 'pajn.'-^ Pain in the groin. 
 
 BIIBONCUS, Bubo. 
 
 BUBO'NIUM, lAster At'ticus, Golden Star- 
 wort. A plant anciently supposed to i be effi- 
 cacious in , diseases of the groin, from (SouiSw)', 
 ' the groin.' . _ 
 
 BUBONOCE'LE, from (JoujSiov, 'the gi^oin,' 
 and xijXT;, ' tumour,'- ' rupture.,' Her'nia ingui- 
 na'lis, (F.) Hernie inguinale, In'guinal her- 
 nia, or Rupture of the Groin. Some surgeons 
 have confined this term to hernia when limited 
 to the groin, and have called the same affectibn, 
 when it has descended to the scrotum, Oscheo- 
 ee'te, or Scrotal Hernia. The rupture .passes 
 through the abdominal ring : and, in conse- 
 quence of the greater size. of the opening in the 
 male, it is more frequent in the male sex. 
 
 BUBONONCUS, Bubo. 
 
 BUBONOPANUS, Bubo. 
 
 BUBONOREX'IS, from |»ou(?av, 'the groin,' 
 and Qriiit, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubo- 
 nocele when accompanied with a division of the 
 peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is de- 
 void of a sac. ' 
 
 BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'culus. A diminutive 
 of BvAo, (q. v.) A painful swelling of the 
 lymphatics of the penis, extending along the 
 dorsum of that organ to the groin. It is an oc- 
 casional accompaniment of gonorrhoea. 
 
 BUBtJKLE. A word used by Shakspeare 
 for a red pimple on the nose. 
 BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus. 
 BUCAROS, Terra Portugallica. 
 ^VCCA, Gnathos. The moutb. The cheek 
 and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva. 
 BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucoa, and xjato, 
 
 'I.mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, 
 which served of old for a breakfast. — Linden. 
 
 BUCCAL, Bucca'lis, from Bucca, 'the 
 mouth,' or rather 'the cheek.' That which 
 concerns the mouth, and especially the cheek. 
 
 Buccal Artery, A. Sus-maxillaire, {Ch.) 
 arises from the internal maxillary or from some 
 of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an- 
 iipa, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches 
 to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal 
 membrane. 
 
 Btjccal "Glands, Molar Glands. Mucous 
 follicles, seated in the buccal membrane, oppo- 
 site the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid 
 humour, which mixes with the saliva, and lu- 
 bricates the mouth. 
 
 Buccal M;embra5!E, (F .) Membrane Buccale. 
 The mucous membrane, which lines the inte- 
 rior of the mouth. 
 
 ■ Buccal ^■ERVE,.ovBuccina'tor Nerve, Bueeo-. 
 labial: — (fih.,) is given off by the inferior maxil- 
 lary. ,It sends its branches to the cheek, and 
 especially to the buccinator muscle. 
 
 Buccal Veih follows the artery. 
 
 BUC'CEA, Buccel'la. The fleshy excres- 
 cence of nasal polypus, so called because it 
 was believed to proceedfrom the mouth.— Para- 
 celsus. Also, a mouthful. 
 
 BUPCELA'TON, Bueceldfus. A Ijoaf- 
 shaped^ cfithartic medicine; made chiefly of 
 scammony. — Aetius, Paulus of .ffigina. . 
 
 BUCCELLA'TIO. a mode of arresting he- 
 morrhagei by applying a pledget of lint to the 
 bleeding vessel.^ — Avicenna, Fallopips'. 
 
 BUCCINA, Turbinated bones. , , 
 
 BUCCINA'TOR, from buccinare, ' to sound 
 the trumpet.' The Bucdna'tor Muscle, Re- 
 trac'tor An'guli Oris, Bucco-Alijeolo^maadl- 
 laire, Alveolo-labial — (Ch.,) -Manso'i-ius, is 
 situate in the substance of the cheeks. It ex- 
 tends between the posterior portions of the al- 
 veolar arches of the two jaws and the commis- 
 sure of the lips, which it draws backward. It 
 assists in mastication,' by pushing' the foo^ back 
 towards- the teeth;, and, if the cheeks be dis- 
 tended by air, its contraction forces it out. 
 
 ' BUCCO. tOne who ia blub-cheeked, or wide- 
 mouthed. 
 
 BUGCO-ALV&OLO-MAXILLAIRE, Buc- 
 cinator. 
 
 BUC.CO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve. 
 
 BUCCO-PHARtNGE'AL, Bucco-Pharyn- 
 ge'us, (F.) Bucco-PKaryngien. Belonging to 
 the mouth and pharynx. The Bucco-pkaryn- . 
 ge'al Aponeuro'sis or Intermax'illary JAg'amient, 
 extends from the internal ala of the pterygoid 
 process to the posterior part of the lower alveo- 
 lar arx;h, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to 
 the buccinator, and posteriorly to the Constric- 
 tor pharyngis superior. 
 
 BUC'CULA, from Bucca, 'the niouth.' A 
 small mouth. The v fleshy part beneath the 
 chin. — Bartholine. ■ 
 
 BUCERAS, Trigonella fosnum. 
 . BUCHU LEAVES, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata — b. 
 AmeribanJ Menyanthes verna. • 
 
 BUCKET FEVeR, Dengue. 
 
 BUCKEYE, ^^sculus hippocastanum. 
 
 BUCKHO, Diosma crenata. 
 
 BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus. 
 
 BUCKWHEAjT, Polygonum fagopyrum— b. 
 Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum. 
 
BUCNEMIA 
 
 130 BUPLEURUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM 
 
 BUCNEMIA, see Elephailtiasip^j. Tropica, 
 see Elephantiasis. 
 
 BUCTON, Hymen. ' . - 
 
 BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlo- 
 gisticum. 
 
 BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 BUG, (BEDj) Cinjex. 
 
 BUGANTIA, Chilblain. , . 
 
 BUG^GERY, Sod' amy, Sodom'ia, Co'itus 
 Sodomificus, (I.) Bugarone, ' Said to have 
 been introduced by the Bulgarians. A carnal 
 copulation against nature, as of a man or woman 
 with any animal; or of a man with a man, or a. 
 man unnaturally with a- woman. ' The unna- 
 tural crime. , 
 
 BUGLE, PrUnella-^b. .Common, Ajuga rep-' 
 tans — b. Pyramidale^ Ajuga — b. Kamvpante, 
 Ajuga reptans — ^b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus 
 — ^b. Weed, Lycopus. 
 
 BVGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 
 BUGLOSS; DYER'S, Anchusa tirictoria— b. 
 Garden, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga. 
 
 BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis. . 
 
 BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. MA- 
 JUS,'Anchusa officinalis — ^b. Latifolium, Bora- 
 go officinalis — b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis' 
 — b. Sylvestris, Anchus* officinalis — b, Tincto- 
 rum, Anchusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic 
 acid— b. Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. \ 
 
 BUGRANDE £PINEUS E,Onoms spinosa. 
 
 BUGBANE, Ononis sjiinosa — b.des Champs, 
 Ononis arvensis. ' 
 
 BUGULA, Ajuga, 
 
 BUIS, Buxus. 
 
 BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui- 
 sard is two leagues from Chateau-r-Thierry, in 
 France. The water contains chloride of cal- 
 cium and carbonate of lime. 
 
 BULB, Bnlbus, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given 
 by anatomists to. different parts which resem- 
 ble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb 
 of the Aorta is the great sinus, of the Aorta. 
 Bulb of a Tooth; the vascular and nervous pa- 
 pilla contained in the cavity of a tooth. The 
 Bulb or Root of the Hair i's the part wbence 
 the hair originates. The Bulb of the Urethra 
 is the dilated portion formed by th^ commence- 
 ment of the Corpus spongiosum, towards the 
 root of the p^nis. We say, also. Bulb, for 
 Globe, of the eye. , < . ^ 
 
 -Bulb of the Eye, see Eye^. Rachidian, 
 see Medulla oblongata. 
 
 BULBE, Bulb — b. de laVoute a trois Fi'- 
 &«, Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 BULBI PRIORUM CRURUM FORNICIS, 
 Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
 tanum. 
 
 BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinje 
 — b. SyndesmO'Cavemeiix, Accelerator uringe — 
 b. Uretral, Accelerator urinae. 
 
 BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva. 
 BULBUS, Bulb. 
 
 BrLBus Escui;en't0S. The Es'culent Bulb^ 
 a particular kind, so denominated by the an- 
 cients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa 
 Ascalon'ica. — Dioscoridfis, Celsus, Pliny, &c. 
 
 BuLBus OouLi, see Eye — ^b. Pili; see Hair. 
 BuLBus VoMiTo'Eios. A plant, said by Dios- 
 • corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the 
 Musi-grape Jlower, according to Ray,-r-the 
 Hyacinthus Muscari, 
 
 BULGA, Vulva. 
 
 BULIMIA, Boulimia. 
 
 BU'LITHOS, from fine, 'an ox,' and h»H, 
 'a. stone'.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid- 
 neys, gall-bladder^ or urinary bladder of an ox 
 or cow. 
 
 BULLA, <F.) Bulk. A Bleb., A portion 
 of the cuticle, detached froiii the skin by the 
 interposition of a transparent, watery fluid. It 
 forms the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's 
 arrangement of cutaneous diseases, and. includes 
 erysipelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By 
 some. Bulla has been used synonymously with 
 Pemghigus,.iq. V.) See, also, Hydatid.. 
 
 BULLACE PLUM, Prunus invitia. ■ ■ . 
 
 RULL^ ROTUNDA CERVICIS UTERI, 
 Nabothi glandulae. 
 
 BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdoh. 
 
 BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior. 
 
 BUNA, Coffea Araibica. ■ 
 
 BUNDURH, Corylus avellapa. 
 
 BUNIAS, Brassicia napus-. 
 
 BU'NIOID, Bunioi'des, Ndpifotin; from j!««- 
 nov,-'a turnip,' and. ti&f, 'resemblance.' An 
 epithet for a form of cancer, beajring some re- 
 semblance to a turnip. 
 
 BUNION, Bunyon. 
 
 BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in- 
 fusing the Buniwm, in must. It is stomachic, 
 but scarcely ever 'used. 
 
 BU'NIUM BULBOC AS'TANUM, ?wii», bo 
 called, it has b,een supposed, from growing on 
 hills, from jiouvoc, 'a hill,' Balanacas'tanvm. 
 The systematic name of a plant, whose foot is 
 called Fig^nut, (q. v.) Agrioeas'tamwm, Nv,'- 
 cula terres'tris, Bulbpcasia'neum, Bulbocas'- 
 tanum TJiajus'et minus. Earth-nut, Satv&^iiut, 
 Kipper-nut, ('F.) Terre-noix. The root is tube- 
 rous, and is eaten raw oi; roasted. "It has been 
 supposed to be of use in strangury. It is not em- 
 ployed in medicine. 
 
 BUNNIAN, Buijiyon. 
 
 BUN'YON, Bun'ion,- Burt'nian, {vom (Siirtot, 
 'an eminence.' (?) An enlargement and in- 
 flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside 
 of the ball of the great toe. 
 
 BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthp.lmia. 
 
 BUPEINA, Boulimia. 
 
 BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinc- 
 toria. 
 
 BUPHTHAL'MIA, Bmophthal'mia,,Buph- 
 thal^nios, Elephtzntorn'ona, from ^pvc, 'an ox,' 
 and o(p9!i\fii(, 'an eye.' Ox-eye. Under this 
 name, the generality of authors have designated 
 the first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with 
 Sabatier, mean, by it, tnrgescence of the vi- 
 treous humour, which, by pushing the iris for- 
 wards, forms around the crystalline a sort of 
 border. 
 
 BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis 
 Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leu- 
 canthemum. 
 
 BUPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, ■ S^m- 
 pervivum tectorum. 
 BUPINA, Boulimia. ' 
 
 BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum. rotundifo- 
 lium. 
 
 BUPLEU'RUM R-OTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu- 
 pleu'ron, Bupleurdides, from |?su, augmenta- 
 tive, and TiAsujov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Perce- 
 feuilU, Round-leaved Tlare's Ear, Thorowwax. 
 The herb and seeds are slightly aromatic. It 
 was formerly celebrated for curing ruptures, 
 
BVPLkVRE 
 
 131 
 
 BUTUA' 
 
 bfing made into a cataplasm' with wine and 
 oatmeal. 
 
 BUPLkVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolram. 
 
 BURAC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt. 
 (Arabic.) 
 
 BURDOCK, Aictjum lappa — b. Lesser, Xan- 
 thium. 
 
 BURIS. Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous 
 tumefaction; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour 
 only.^Avicenna. 
 
 ^ BURN. Sax. bepnan or b^pnan, 'to burn 
 or 'bren.' , Us'tio, Ambus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis 
 Causis, Erytke'ma Ambus'tio^ Causis^ Encaat'- 
 •nS) Pyricaus'twni) Comhustv-'raj Catacau'ma, 
 Combus'tio,' (F.) '£ruluri. An. injury pro 
 duced by the action of too great heat on the 
 body. Burns aie of gj;eater or less extent 
 from the simple irritation of the integument to 
 the complfete destruction of the part. The con- 
 sequences, are more, or less severe, according to 
 the extent of injuiy, and the part affected 
 Burns of the abdomen, when apparently doing 
 well, are sometimes followed Ijy fatal results. 
 Their treatment varies, — at tinles, the antiphlo- 
 gistic being required; at others, one more 
 stimulating. . 
 
 BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. 
 A solution of chloride, of zinc, first used by Sir 
 William Burnett for preserving timber, ian- 
 vass, &c.,from dry rot, mildew, &c., and after 
 wards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe. 
 ci^lly in the case of dead bodies. 
 
 BURNING, Brenning. A disease mentioned 
 by old historians, froni which authors have un- 
 successfully endeavoured todemonstrate the an- 
 tiquity of syphilis. — Parr. 
 
 BURRHI SPIR'ITUSMATRICA'LIS. The 
 Spirit of BurrJius- for diseases of the Wo'fnb. 
 It is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal 
 parts of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic. Boer- 
 haave frequently prescribed it. 
 
 BURSA CORDIS,Pericardium— b. Testium, 
 Scrotum — b. Virilis, Scrotum. 
 
 BURS.(E MUCO'SiE, Btcrsce muco'sw vesi 
 cula'res, Bti^-stB seu Cap'sults synovia'les, Blen- 
 nocys'tideS) Saeci m.ueo'si, Vesi'ece unguino'sce 
 ten'dinwm. Synovial Crypts or Follicles^ (F.) 
 Bourses Synoviale-s, Small membranous sacs, 
 situate about the joints, particularly about the 
 large ones of the upper and lower extremities, 
 and, for the most part, lying under the tendons. 
 They are naturally filled with an oily kind of 
 fluid, the use of which is to lubricate surfaces 
 over which the tendons play. In consequence 
 of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes c61- 
 lects to a great extent. The bursae are, gene- 
 rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and 
 they have been arranged under two classes, the 
 spherical and the vaginal, 
 
 BuBS/E SYNbviALES, BuTSEB mucosas. 
 
 BURSALTS, Obturator intemus. 
 
 BURSE'RA GUMMIF'ERA, TereUnth'us 
 gumTrdferayJavncdca Barh Tree, A resin ex- 
 udes from this, tree, which is solid externally, 
 as met with in the shops ; softish internally; of 
 a vitreous fractur.e; transparent; of a pale yel- 
 low colour; turpentine smell, and" sweet, per- 
 fumed taste. It has been used like balsams 
 and turpentines in general, and is called, by 
 the French, Cachihou, Chibou, and Besine de 
 Gomart. 
 
 BURSULA, Scrotum. 
 
 BURTHISTLE, Xanthium. 
 , BURWEED, Xanaium. 
 
 BURWORT, Ran,unculus acris. 
 " BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Bussang is a village in the department of Vos- 
 ges, France. The waters are acidulous chaly- 
 beateS, 
 
 BUS^EKOLLE, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, B«- 
 zpar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, 
 regarded as sudorifiq, diuretic, and antispasmo- 
 dic; obtained by distilling subcarbonate and 
 muriate of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or 
 juniper, &c. 
 
 BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This 
 island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles 
 below Greenock. The climate is mild and 
 equable, but rather moist; and, as a winter re- 
 sidence, it holds out advantages for those only 
 that appear to demand such a condition of the 
 atmosphere. The climate resembles, in cha^ 
 racter, that pf the S. W. of England and France, 
 and the channel' islands ; although its tempera- 
 ture is lower. 
 
 BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, see Kino. A tree, 
 common in Bengal, and in the mountainous 
 parts of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosae; from 
 which gupi butea flows. Dr. Pereira found this 
 gum to be identical with a specimen marked 
 gummii ruirum astringens — ^the gomme astrin^ 
 gente de Gambie of M.'Guibburt. By some this . 
 gum has been confounded with kinoj 
 
 BUTIGA, Gutta rosea. 
 , BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus. 
 
 BUTTER, froita ^ovTvpov, itself from /Souc, 
 ' ox,' and ru^of ■ ' any thing coagulated.' Buiy'- 
 rum, Piee'rion, (F.) Beurre. , A sort of con- 
 crete oil, obtained from the cream that forms 
 on tiie surface of the milk furnished by the fe- 
 males of the mammalia; especially by the cow 
 and the goat. Fresh butter is very nutritious, 
 whilst the rancid is irritating. The ancient 
 chemises gave the name Biltter to many of the 
 metallic chloridfes. It has also been applied to 
 vegetable substances, which resemble, in some 
 respects, the butter obtained from milk. 
 
 BuTTEK. o¥ Bambouc ot BAMBUC,.(F.).B«?«rre 
 de Bamibouc ou BambuJc. A vegetable oil ob- 
 tained from a s^ecies'of almond, and used in 
 Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains. 
 
 * Butter of Ca^cao, Oil of Ca'cao^ Oleum Ca- 
 cao spissa'tum, O. Theotro'mce Cacao expres'- 
 sum, (Fi) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A 
 fat substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, 
 obtained from the Theobroma cacao, or choco- 
 late nut. I , 
 
 Butter of Ooooa,!(F.) Beurre de Coco. A 
 fatty, concrete substance, which separates from 
 the inilk of, the cocoa nut. It is sweet and 
 agreeable. 
 , BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasiteS. 
 
 BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris. 
 
 BUTTERFLYtWEED, Asclepias tuberosa. 
 
 BUTTERMILK, (F .)Babeurre, Lait de 
 Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from 
 the cream by churning. It contains caseum 
 and-a little. butter. It is a -refreshing drink 
 when newly made. 
 
 BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus' occidentalis. 
 
 BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus oc- 
 cidentalis. 
 
 BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 
BUTYRUM 
 
 13a 
 
 CACCIONDE 
 
 BUTYRUM, Butter— b. Amygdalarum diil- 
 cium, Confection (almond)— b. Saturni, Un- 
 guentum plumbi superacetatis — b. Zinci-, Zinci 
 chloridum. ■' ; , 
 
 BTTVEUR, Rectus internus-oculi. 
 
 BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS 0^,Bux- 
 tonien'ses Aqute. Buxton is a village in Der- 
 byshire. The springs are thermal, and about 
 82° Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda, 
 chloride of calcium, chloride' of sodium, chlo- 
 ride of magnesium, tarbbnate of lime^ carbonic 
 acid, and azote'. They are used in cases in 
 which thermal springs, in general, are recom- 
 mended. They contain little or no mineral im- 
 pregnation. 
 
 BUXUS, Blixus sempetvi'rens. The Box- 
 tree, (F.) Buis ou Bouift The leaves are bit- 
 ter and aromatic, and, as such, ,have been us^d 
 in medicine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, &c., 
 in the form of decoction. They are sometimes, 
 also, added to. bfeer. The seed was anciently, 
 called Carthe'gon. 
 
 BYNE, Malt. 
 
 BY'RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Comre- 
 chef, filled with cephalic substances. — ^Forestus. 
 
 BYRSA, iSujir*. A leather skin to spread 
 plasters upon. 
 
 BYRSODEP'SICON. A tan stuff, with which 
 CjELius AuEELiANTis Sprinkled wool, which he 
 applied iii certain cases to the uihbilical region; 
 from (Sueo-*, ' leather,' and itipiai, ' I lari.' 
 
 - BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM,Tannin. 
 • BYSAU'CHEN, from fiva, '1 stop up,^ and 
 aujfijv, ' the neck.' A morbid stiffness of the 
 neck.' One with a short neck, — Simotraehe'liis. 
 
 BYSSOS, Vulva. ■ ~ . ■ 
 
 BYSSUS, Byssum. The ancients gave this 
 name to' several vegetable substances, which 
 were used for the fabrication , of stuffs prized 
 for their fineness, colour, and rarity of material. 
 It is now chiefly'applied, to the filaments, by 
 the aid of which the acephalous moUusca attach 
 tbeir shells to thfe rocks. Byssus was formerly 
 also applied to the fetnale pudendum. 
 > BYTHOS, jJuS-qf , ' depth^' An epithet used 
 by Hippocrates for' the fundus of the stomach. 
 
 c. 
 
 C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- 
 nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- 
 scriptions for calx. 
 
 CAA-AP'lA,'Dorste'n.ia Brazilien'sis. The 
 root, according to Piso, is employed as emetic 
 and anti-diarrhoeic. 
 
 C AA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed 
 to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, 
 and considered to be one of the best indigenous 
 cathartics. 
 
 CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata. 
 
 CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bacf cifer.Brazili- 
 en'sis. A shrub of Brazil, wh&se leaves, in 
 powder, are considered detersive. 
 
 CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacqiferum. 
 
 CAAPEBA, Pareira brava. > ' 
 
 C AA PONGA, Crithmnm, maritimum. 
 
 C AAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whpse leaves, 1 
 in decoction, promote perspiration. . See Cera- 
 tonia. 
 
 CABAL, Cabbala, Cabal'la, CaVbala, Caba'- 
 lia, Kab'ala, Gaballa, This word is fr,om the 
 Hebrew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by 
 tradition.- Paracelsus and several authors of 
 the 16th and 17th centuries have spoken much 
 of this species of magic, which they distin- 
 guished mXo" Judaicoi theologian, and Hermetic 
 or medicinal ; the latter being, according to 
 them, the art of knowing the most occult pro- 
 perties of bodies by. an immediate communioa^ 
 tion with spirits,-^the knowledge being thus 
 acquired by inspiration, and incapable of ifn- 
 ducing error. It was also called Ars cabalis''- 
 tiea, ' cabalistic art.' 
 
 CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, accord- 
 ing to Dalechamps, -vsrhich passes for an antidote 
 to white hellebore, and yet is used for poison- 
 ing arro-ws. It is unknown to botanists. 
 
 CAB'ALIST, Cabalis'ta. One instructed in 
 the Cabal. 
 
 CABALLATION, Cynoglossum. 
 CABARET, Asarum. 
 
 CABBAGE, Brassica — c. Cow, Nymphaea 
 
 odorata- c. Irish,' Dracontium fqetidum — c. 
 Skunk, Dracdntium foetidum — e. Siyamp, Dra- 
 contium foetidum — c. Water, Nymphaea odorata 
 — c. Treej Geoffraea inermis-^c. Bark tree, 
 Geoffraea inermis. 
 CABBAGIUM, Geoffraea inermis. 
 CABUREIBA, Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 CABUBEICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruife- 
 rum. 
 
 CAC^'MIA, Cacha'7m,a,txom xaxoc, * bad,! 
 and ^aifit, 'blood.' A faulty or morbid condi- 
 tion of the blood. 
 
 C AC jESTHE'SIS, CaeafBsthe'sis, Cacoasthe'- 
 sis, from xaxbi, ' bad,' and tuaSfjOi;, ' feeling.' 
 Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. ■ In- 
 disposition. 
 
 CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonas., 
 C AC 'AGOGUE, Cacago'gus, frtjm x«xx», ' ex- 
 crement,' and aytiv, ' to expel.' An ointment, 
 composed of alum and honey ; which, when ap- 
 plied to the anus, produced an evacuation.— 
 Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria. 
 CACA'LIA ANTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anteu- 
 phor'bium. A plant, which Dodpens and others 
 considered to be capable of tempering the caus- 
 tic properties of the euphorbium. It is also 
 called Klein'id. 
 
 'Many varieties of the Cacalia ire used, in 
 different countries, chiefly as condiments'. 
 
 CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Ct>',coa Cacavif'era, Citca'- 
 vi, Quahoil, Caiava'ta, The cocoa or choco- 
 late nut ; fruit of Thabro'ma Cacao; Family, 
 Malvaceae. Sex. Syst. Polydelphia Pentandria. 
 CACATION, Defecation. , ^ , 
 
 CACATORIA, Diarrhoea. 
 GAC'ATORY, Cacato'rins, from cacare, 'to 
 go to stool.' Febri.t cacato'ria; a kind of, inter- 
 mittent fever, accompanied by copious alyine 
 evacuations. — Sylvius. ,^ ■ 
 
 CACAVATA, Cacao. 
 CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot. 
 C ACCE, Excrement. 
 
CACOIONDE 
 
 133 
 
 CACOSIS 
 
 CACCION'DE. , A sort of pill, chiefly.formed 
 ofcatechujrecommendedbyBjigliviindy^nteiry. 
 CACEPHEBOTESIA, Puberty. 
 CACHANG-PARANG. A sort of bean of 
 Sumatra, mentioned by Marsden, -whose seeds 
 are given in jileurisy. Jussieu considers it to 
 be the Mimo'sa scandens. 
 
 CACHECTIC, CocAec'teSjCacAec'a'cMSjSaine 
 etymon as Cachexia. One attacked, with ca- 
 chexia. -Belongii|ig to cachexia, Cachec'tica 
 remedia are remedies against cachexia. 
 > CACHEN LAGUEN, Chanchalagua, Chiro- 
 uia Chilensis. 
 
 OACHEX'IA, from xaxos, ' bad,' and felts, 
 ' habit.' Status cachec'ticus. A condition in 
 which the body is evidently depraved. A bad 
 habit of body ; chiefly the result of scorbutic, 
 cancerous, or venereal diseases when in their 
 last ^t^ge. Henqe.we hear of a Scorbutic Ca- 
 cheada, Cancerous Cachema, &c. Sauvages and 
 CuUen hav^ included under this- head a number 
 of diseases — cbnsumptions, dropsies, &c. Ca- 
 chexia has been sometimes confounded with 
 diathesis. Cachexia Icter'ica is jaundice or 
 icterus itself, or a disposition thereto. Fluor 
 albus is sometimes called Cachexia Uierina. 
 
 Cachexia AeriCana, Chthonophagia — c. 
 Calculosa, Lithia— c. CanCierous, see Cancer — 
 c. Chlorotic-, Chlorosis^ — c. Dysthetica, Dyscia- 
 sia — c. loterica. Icterus. 
 
 Cachexia. Londinen'sis. ' The paleness and 
 other 'evidences of impaired health presented 
 by the inhabitants of London : a similar ca- 
 chexia is seen in those of other crowded cities. 
 Cachexia, Scorbutic, see Purpura — c. Scro- 
 phulosa, Scrofula. 
 
 Cachexia Sple'nica. The state of scorbu- 
 tic cachexia, whi9h often accompanies diseases 
 of the spleen, especially in India. - 
 
 Cachexia Vekekea, Syphilis — c. Venous, 
 Venosity — ^"ci Virginum, Chlorosis. 
 CACHIBOU, see Bnrsera gummifera. 
 CACHINNA'TIO; from cachinno, ' I . laugh 
 aloud.' A tendency to immoderate laughter, 
 as in ^ome hysterical and maniacal affections. 
 
 CACHlRI. A fermented liquor made, in 
 Cayenne, from a decoction of the rasped root of 
 the manioc. It resembles perry. i 
 
 CACHLEX. a small stone or pebble, found 
 (Ml ihe sea shore. ' One of these, when heated 
 in the fire, and coored in whey, commfinicates 
 an astringency to the liquid, so that it was an- 
 ciently esteemed to be useful in dysentery. — 
 Galen. , 
 
 CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of 
 a Solanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic. 
 CACifOrr, Catechu. 
 
 CACHRYS LlBANO'TIS. An umbellife- 
 rous plant which grows in Africa and the South 
 of Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its 
 seeds are extremely acrid. 
 , CACHUN'DE. An Indian troch or pastile 
 composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnimon, 
 aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, iubies, eme- 
 ralds, garnets, &c. It is regarded by the peo- 
 ple of India as an antidote, stomachic and anti- 
 spasmodic. / 
 
 CACO, Kino, properly only an abbreviation 
 
 of xanos. In composition it means something 
 
 defective ; as in the following words. . 
 
 CACO^STIIESIS, Cacassthesis. 
 
 CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic. 
 
 CACOCHO'LIA, from xaxoc, 'bad,' and ;ir6j», 
 'bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved condi- 
 tion of the bile. ' 
 
 CAC'OCHROI, Cacoehras'cB, from xaxot, 
 
 'bad,' and 5^^500, 'colour.' Diseases in which 
 
 the complexion is morbidly changed in colour. 
 
 CACOGHYL'IA, from K^tMg, 'bad,' and 
 
 Xv\o(, ' chyle.' Depraved chylification. 
 
 : CACOCHYM'IA, Kalochym'ia, Corrup'tio 
 Humo'rtiM, from xuxo;, 'bad,' ai)d /u/uos, 'juice,' 
 'humour.' Cacach'yrily . Depravation of the 
 humours. 
 
 Cacochymia Plumbea, Lead poisoning — c. 
 Scorbutica, s^e Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scro- 
 fula — c. Venerea, Syphilis. 
 
 ,CACOCH'YMUS,-qffl<;o<*2^«t'j<!««. One at- 
 tacked with cacjbchymia. Belonging to cacp- 
 chymia.' 
 
 CACOCNE'MUS, Cafiocne'micus, Malis 
 suris froidi'tus ; from xaxs;, 'bad,' and ki-b/Oi;, 
 'the leg.' One -who has bid legs. 
 
 CACOCORE'MA, from naxn, 'bad,' and 
 xojto), 'I purge, or cleanse.'. A medicine which 
 purges off the vitiated humours. 
 
 CACOD^'MQN, from xaxss, 'bad,' andJai- 
 /4(uf, 'a 'spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were 
 ascribed many disorder's. The nightmare. 
 . CACO'DES, from naxos, 'bad,' and <.X..w, 'to 
 smell,' — mallolens. Having a bad smell; 
 Caco'diii, Cacos'mia^ 
 
 CACODIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CACOETHES, CacoHh'icus, from' xoxoc, 
 'bad,' ari3 ei^ss, 'disposition, habit,' &c. Of a 
 bad dr vitiated character, as ulcus cacoe'thes, 
 an ulcer of a malignant character. 
 
 CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes. 
 
 CACOGALAC'TIA, Caeoga'lia, from xaxoc, 
 'bad,' and ya\a, gen. yaiaxTot, 'milk.' A bad 
 cojidition of the milk. 
 
 CACOGALAC'tiCA, same etymon as the 
 last. Oile who suffers from a bad condition of 
 the milk. 
 
 CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia. , 
 
 CACOGEN'ESIS, from y.azo;, 'bad, and yi- 
 TEo-tc, 'generation.' A morbid forma^tion. 
 
 CACOMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 
 CACOMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 
 CACOPATHI'A, Pas'sio Mala,- from xoiof , 
 'bad,' and nmS-oc, 'affection.' A distressed 
 state of mind. — Hippocrates. 
 ' CACOPHCNIAjfrom ^axog, 'bad,' and (povn, 
 ' -voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of 
 voice. 
 
 CACOPLAS'TIC, Caeoplas'ticus, Dysplas- 
 mat'id:; from xozoc, 'bac(5' and ri-a^ra, 'I form?.' 
 Susceptible of only a low degree of organiza- 
 tion,, as the indurations resulting from low or 
 chronic inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrho- 
 sis, &c. 
 
 CACOPRA'GIA, Caooprax'is, from xikoj, 
 'bad,' and n-gaTTai, ' I perform.' Depraved con- 
 dition of the organic functions. 
 
 CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia. 
 
 CACORRHACHI'TIS, from Mko;, 'bad,' 
 and g»;fi{, 'the spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Caco- 
 rhaphis, Cacorhachi'tis, Spondylal'gia. De- 
 formity of the spine. Disease of the spine. 
 Spontaneous luxation of the vertebrae and ribs 
 dependent upon internal causes. 
 
 CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrhyih'mzi!:, from 
 xiKOf, 'badj'andji/S^oc, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Ir- 
 regular. 
 I CACO'SIS. Maladisposi"tio,{V.')Vice. A. 
 
CAGOSITIA 
 
 134 
 
 CiECTTM 
 
 bad conditidn of body. — Hippocrates. A dis- 
 eased condition in general. 
 
 CACOSIT'IA, from xano?, ' bad,' arid atrior, 
 ^aliment.' Disgust pr aversion for food— i^a*- 
 tid'ium cibo'rwm. ^ 
 
 CACOSMIA, see Cacodes. 
 
 CACOSOMI'UM, from x»;ioc, 'bad,' and 
 a-iafia., 'the body.'" An hospital for leprosy, and 
 incurable affections in general. 
 
 CACOSPERMA'SIA, Cacosperma'tia,, Ca- 
 cosper'mia, from xzxo;, 'bad,' and trni^/xa, 
 ' sperm.' A bad condition of the sperm. 
 
 CACOSPHYX'IA, from xazof, 'bad,' and 
 aifv^ic, 'pulse.' — Vitio'sus pulsus. Bad state 
 of pulse. — Galen. 
 
 CACOSPLANCH'JSriA, from xaxof, 'bad,' 
 and a-TtXaLY^o'i '^ viscus.' Indigestion. The 
 emaciationdependent upon imperfect digestion. 
 — Siebenhaar. 
 
 CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from xaxoc, 'bad,' 
 and aro/u.ax'St'th.e stomach.'^ What disagrees 
 with the stomach. Indigestible. — (xorraeus. 
 
 CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA, Breath, offen- 
 sive. 
 
 CACOS'TOMUS, from xaxog,. 'bad,' and 
 iTTo^ia, ' a mouth.' Having a bad mouth. 
 
 C ACOTHYM'IA, FiViMOT An'imi; fromxtotoc, 
 ' bad,' and -ffv/^^;, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vi- 
 tious state of mind. — Linden. 
 
 CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 CACOTRICH'IA, . from x«of, 'bad,' and 
 iqit, TQi^n;', 'hair.' Disease of the hair. 
 
 CACOTROPH'IA, from x.mo;, ' bad,' and 
 'Tjotpn, ' nutrition.'^ Fieio'^a nutri"iio ;-. — disor- 
 dered nutrition. — Galen. ' ' - 
 CACOU, Cagot, Catechu. 
 CACOIJ'CIA COCCm'EA, Coucin'ea. Coc- 
 cin'ea, Sckousbes'tz coccin'ea) TiJdnvma. A pe- 
 rennial twining shrub of South America, the 
 plant of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed 
 of emeto-cathartie properties. 
 CACTIER, Cactus opuntia. 
 CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tia. The In- 
 dian Fig, (F.) Caetier, Raquette, Figuier 
 d'Inde. This plant grows in South America, 
 Spaiii, Italy, &c. Its fruit, which has the shape 
 of the fig, is of a sweetish taste, and colours 
 the urine red when eaten. Its leaves are con- 
 sidered refrigerant. 
 
 The fruits of different species of cactus are 
 called Tunas. ' 
 
 CADA'BA, Stroe'mia. A genus of the fa- 
 mily QapparidecB, natives of India and Arabia. 
 The young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'sa, are 
 considered \o .be an antidote against venomous 
 bites. 
 
 CADA'VE'R, Ptoma, Necron. A dead body; 
 a subject;'^ carcass, (F.) Cadavre, The word 
 has been supposed to cor^e from eado, 'I fall;' 
 and by some to be a contraction from'caro data 
 vermibus, ' iiesh given to the worms '! 
 
 CADAVEROUS, Cadav'eric, Cadavno'sus, 
 Necro'des, (F.) Cadavereux. Belonging to 
 the dead body ; as cadaverous smell. The Ca- 
 dav'erous or Hippocr'at'ic face (see Face,) is an 
 unfavourable sign in disease, and generally de- 
 notes a fatal termination. 
 
 Cadav'erous or Cadav'eric Htper«:'mia. 
 The hypostatic hypersemia observed in depend- 
 ing parts of the dead body. 
 CADEJI-INDI, Malahathrura. 
 CADEL-AYANACtJ, Croton tiglium. 
 
 CADIA. An Egyptian, leguminous plant. 
 The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the 
 power of relieving colic. , 
 CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy. 
 CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia. 
 CADMI'I SULPHAS, Oadmi'um sulphu'n- 
 cunij Sulphas Cadri^i' eus, D/Teli'ni Sulphas 
 Klapro'tkii Sulphas^ Klapro'thiwm Sulphuri- 
 cwnjMelinum Sulphu'ri&um, Sulphate afCddl- 
 mium. Used in spots on the cornea, and in 
 chroriJc torpid inflammation of the conjunctiva 
 in the quantity of half a grain to a grain to the 
 ounce of water. 
 
 CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, ^admii Sul. 
 phas. ' ■ 
 
 CADTCHU, Catechu. 
 , CADUpA HUNTERI, Decidua-TC. Passio, 
 Epilepsy. < . 
 
 CADU'CITY, Imbeeil'litasi Debil'itas, Ca- 
 du'citds, from cadere, 'ta-'fall.' The French 
 use the word Cadudte for the portion bf human 
 life which is comprised gener-ally between % 
 and 80 yearS. The age vifhich precedes de- 
 crepitude.. It is so termed in consequence of 
 the limbs not usually ' possessing sufficient 
 strength to support the body. The precise age 
 must of coutse vary in individuals. 
 CADURCUS, Vulva. - 
 CADUS, xaiof. A Greek measure equal to 
 ten galjons English. — Pliny. 
 Cadus, Amphora. 
 
 CMCK,. FORAM'INA— ANTERIUS t1 
 POSTERIUS— are situate at the fore and back 
 parts of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at 
 the eitremities of the depression made by thfr 
 vertebral .artery. The former is placed between 
 the nerves of the third; and the latter between 
 those of the sixth pair. 
 
 CMCM HjEMORRHOI'DES, Blind Piles, 
 (F.) HemorrAo'ides aveugljss,. are those unac- 
 companied by any discharge, 
 
 CMCAL, CcBca'Us. Belonging to t)ie CKCum, 
 from ccecus, ' blind, hidden.' The Capcal arte- 
 ries and veins are the branches bf the Arteris 
 et venss coliex dextrse inferiores, distributed to 
 the caecum. 
 
 CICATRIX, Cicatrix'. 
 C^'CITAS, Cce'citaSf Gseciiu'do, Abhp'stii, 
 Obcxca'tio, Oceseca'tio, Anap'sia, Ty'phlotes, 
 Typhlo'sis, Blindness, (F.) Avevglement, Ci- 
 cite, Perte de la vue. Caecitas may be depeiident 
 upon many different disea:ses, — as iipon amau- 
 rosis, specks, hypopyon^ cataract, glaucoma, 
 ophthalmia, atrophy of the eye, &c. 
 
 C^ciTAS Crepuscularis, Hemera'lopia— c. 
 Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia. 
 
 CiECITUDO, Cscitas. 
 , C.3iCUM, Ccecwn, Jntesti'num ccecnm, Mo- 
 iwm'achtin, Monom'acum, Mon/)co'lon,'Monocu'- 
 lum, Typhlo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot'irum, Ty- 
 phloen'terum, Ini"tium intesti'nyerassi, Saecvs 
 Int^stini crassi sen Coli, Cceciim Caputcoli,Ca- 
 put coli. Prima cella coli, Ini"tium extifberalis 
 coli, from ccecns, 'blind.' The Slind.G-ut, so 
 called froin its being perforated at one end only. 
 That portion of the intestinal canal . which is 
 seated between the. termination of tlie ileum and 
 comnienceraent of the colon; and which fills, al- 
 most wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the 
 peritoneum retains it immovably. Its length 
 is. about three or four fingers' breadth. The 
 Ileo-cacal valve or Valve of Bauhin shuts off 
 all communication between it and the ileum; 
 
c^cus 
 
 135 
 
 CAKES, WORM, STORY'S 
 
 and the Appendix vermbforndf cad is S'ttached 
 to it. '■ _ 
 
 CiECUM Fora'men of the frontal hone is a 
 small cavity at the inferior extremity of the 
 internal coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-eth- 
 moiial foramen, (F.) Trou aveugh ou horgne. 
 Morgagni has given the same naine to the srriall 
 cavity in the middle of the upper surface of the 
 tongue, near its base; the sides of which are 
 furnished with mucous follicles — Lactine de la 
 JangueJ- — (Ch.) 
 
 G«cuM, Phlegmonous Tumour of the, Ty- 
 phld-enteritis, ■ 
 
 CiECUS, ' Blind.' One deprived of sight, 
 Typhlopa, (F.) Aveugle, Borgne. In anatomy, 
 it is used to designate certain .holes or cafities, 
 which end in a cid-de-sac; or have only one 
 opening. 
 
 Blind Duets of the XTre'tkra, (F.) Conduits, 
 aveugles de I'urithre, are the Mmious Lacu'na 
 of the JJre'thra. 
 
 C^LA-DGLO, Torenia Asiatica. 
 
 CiEMENTUM, Lute. 
 
 CfERULEUM BEROLINENSE,- Prussian 
 blue — c. Borussicura, Prussian blue. 
 
 C^RULOSIS NEONATORUM, ^ Cyano- 
 pathy. 
 
 C^SALPKNlA, CcBsalpi'na sappan^ Sappan 
 ot Sampfen wood, (F.) Bresillet, Bois de Sap- 
 pah. A small Siamese tree, the wood of which 
 is used in decoction, in cases of contusion. 
 
 Brazil wood, iPemambuco or Fernambnco 
 wood, formerly used as an astringent, is the 
 wood of CiESALPiM^iA Eohima'ta. This^is the 
 proper Brazil wood; but another- variety in, 
 commerce is the Brasiletto, from Ceesalpinia, 
 .Brasiliensis, -and C. crista, which grow in the 
 West Indies. 
 
 The Nicaragua or peach-wood is analogous 
 to this, and is said fp be derived ^om a species 
 of 'Caesalpinia. 
 
 The kernel of CiESALPiN'iA Bonducell'a, 
 the seed of which is called in India Kutkulejia 
 and Kutoo Kurunja, is given as a febrifuge 
 tonic. Dose ten grains. 
 
 C^SA'REAN SEC'TION,Ct8raVea« opera'- 
 tion, 'Tomoto'da, Ccesa'rea sectio, Partus ccesa'- 
 reus, Opera^tio casa'reaj Metrotom'ia, (F.) Ope- 
 ration CesarienTie, from ccsdere, ' to cut.' An- 
 incision made through the parietes of the abdo- 
 men and uterils to extract the foetus. In this 
 manner, .Julius Caesar is said to have been ex- 
 tracted.^ — Pliny. It is also called Hysterotom'ia, 
 Hifsterotomoto'cia, Gastrometrotom'ia, Gaster- 
 hysterot'omy, Gastro'metnit'ami, Gastrohystt- 
 rot'omy, (Fj) Operation Ctsarienne. An inci- 
 sion has been, made into the uterus through- the 
 vagina, constituting the Vaginal Cesarean Sec- 
 tion, GastrelytrotttTh/in, Gastrocolpotbm'ia, ' La- 
 paracolpotom'ia, Zifipdlroelytrotom'ia, (F.) Ope- 
 ration cesarienne vagindle, . TheCaesarean sec-' 
 tioh may be require^ when the mother dies be- 
 fore delivery; — when there is some invincible 
 obstacle to delivery from the faulty conforma- 
 tion of the pelvis; or when the child has passed 
 into the abdominal cavity in consequence of rup- 
 ture of the uterus. 
 
 C^SARIES, Capillns. 
 
 CiESIUS, Glaucoma. 
 
 C^SONES, Casares. Children brought 
 into the world by the Caesarean operation. 
 
 CMSU'UM. They who have gray eyes. 
 
 C^SURA, Cut. 
 
 C^TCHU, Catechu. 
 CAF, Camphor. ' 
 CAFAL, Agrimony^ 
 CAFAR, Camphor. 
 C^i?^, Coffea. 
 
 CAFe. A J^A SXJLTANE. This name has 
 been given to an infusion or decoction of the 
 ground coques or pericarps which surround the 
 coffee. 
 
 GAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of 
 unroasted coffee, so called on account of its yel- 
 lowish tint. 
 
 CAFEYEBt, Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CAFFA,' Camphor. 
 ' CAFIER, Coffea Arabica. 
 ■ CAFUR, Camphor. 
 . CAGAS'TRUM. The principle or germ of 
 diseases which are communicable. Paracelsus. 
 
 CAGNEVX, Cagot. See Kyllosis. 
 
 C AGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 CAGOT, (F.). A name given to deformed 
 and miserable beings, met with in the Pyre- 
 nees, >Bern, and Upper Gascony, in France, 
 where they are also called Capots. In other 
 districts they are called, Gepts, Gizitains, Cre- 
 tins, Gahets, Capons, Colib^rts, ,Cacous, Cag- 
 neucc, &Ci See Cretin. The word Cagot is 
 supposed to be ah abbreviation of Oahis Gothus, 
 ' Dog of a Goth.' 
 
 CAGUE-SANGUE, Caquesangue. 
 
 CAHINC^ RADIX, Caincas radix. 
 
 CAI'EPUT OIL,' Caj'eput oil, Kyaput'ty, 
 Cajapu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves 
 of Melaleii'ca Cajapu'ti, a nativeof the Moluc- 
 cas. The oil has a strong, fragrant smell, like 
 camphor; tas^e pungent and aromatic. -It is 
 stimulant, and useful 'where the essential oils in 
 general are employed. It has also been called 
 Oil of Witnebeh, &om the person who first dis- 
 tilled it. 
 
 CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 CAILLEAV','Lanlima.. 
 
 CAILLEBOTTE, Curds. 
 
 CAILLELAIT BLANC, Galium moUugo— 
 e. Vraie, Galium verum. 
 
 CAILLOT, Coagulum. 
 
 CAlNANiE RADIX, Caincse radix. 
 
 CAIN'CiE RADIX, Radix Chiococ'cce, R, 
 Caina'na sen Caninjana seu Cahincce seu Ka,- 
 hincce Seu Serpenta'rice Brazilien'sis, Cainea 
 Root, The. bark of the roots of Chibcocc'a an- 
 guif'uga, Ch- densifo'lia, and perhaps Ch. race- 
 mo'sa, a plant of the Family Rubiaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Mohogynia, of Linnaeus. It 
 is bitter, tonic, and diuretic, but has not been 
 long introduced. Dose of the powder from 9j. 
 to .^ssj 
 
 Dr. John H. Gripcom, of New York, consi- 
 ders there is a remarkable analogy between 
 the Cainea and the Apocynum cannahinwm, 
 
 CAINITO, ChrysQphyllum Cainito. , 
 
 CAIPA SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Mala- 
 bar plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform 
 ^hape. The juice is drunk in that country for 
 the purpose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, 
 when unripe, is emetic. 
 
 QAISSE, Case — c. du rdmiojw. Tympanum. 
 
 CAITCHU, Catechu. ' 
 
 CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus. 
 
 CAJUPUTI, Cajeput. 
 
 CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were 
 composed of aalomel and /o/op, made into cakes, 
 and coloured with cinnabar, . 
 
CALABASH, TREE 
 
 136 
 
 CALCARI^ CHLORUM 
 
 CALABASH TREE, NARROW-LEAVED, 
 Crescentia Cujete. 
 
 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arumescu- 
 lentum. - 
 
 CALAF, Salix ^gyptiaea. A large-leaved 
 Egyptian willow, called, also. Ban. The dis- 
 tilled water of the flowers, called 'Macahalef, 
 passes, in that country, for an excellent anti- 
 aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antilpimic, 
 antiseptic, and cordial. . , 
 
 CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelinintica. 
 CALAGIRAH, Vernonia antKelmintica. 
 CALAGUA'LjE radix, Galiigiie'lcB Ra- 
 dix. The root of Polypo'diuTn Calagua'l'a^ .t>r 
 Aspid'ium coria'ceum. It has been exhibited in 
 Italy in dropsy, pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, 
 &c. Its properties, ar^ not, howeVer, clear., 
 CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium chamidrys. 
 CALAMBAO, Agallochum. , 
 CALAMBOUK, Agallochum. 
 CALAME'DON, froin xaXafioqj- «a reed.' 
 This word has had vairious significations. Some 
 have used it for an- obliqjie fracture of a bone; 
 the fractured portions having the shape of the 
 nib of a pen. Others have used' it for a longi- 
 tudinal fra.cture ; and others, again, for one that 
 is comminuted. — Dictionaries. , 
 
 CALAMI'NA, Cal'amine, from cdlarhiis, 'a 
 reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance. 
 Cad/mi'a^ Cathmiiry Cadmi'a lapido'sa aero'.sa, 
 Cadmi'a Fos'silisj Lapis Aero'sus, Calim'ia, 
 Lapis Calamdna'ris, CalamAna'ris, Car'bonas 
 Zinci iTnpu'ruS) (F.) Pierre calaminaire. Na- 
 tive impure carbonate of zinc. Calamine is 
 chiefly used-for pharmaceutical purposes in the 
 form- of the Calamina PRiEPAEA'TA, Lapis Ca- 
 la/minalHs prcspara'tus^ Carfbbnas zinci impu'- 
 rus prcepara'tus, Zind ear'honas prapara'tus. 
 Prepared Calamine; — Calamine reduced fo an 
 impalpable p'owder by roasting a,nd levigation. 
 In this state it is sprinkled or dusted on exco- 
 riated parts, or to prevent excoriation, &c.. 
 CALAMINAEIS, Calamina. 
 C ALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha— c. Field, 
 Melissa nepeta; — c. Mountain, Melissa grandi- 
 flora — c. Spotted, Melissa riepeta. 
 
 CALAMINTA'HIJMILIPR, Glecomahede- 
 racea. ' , 
 
 CALAMINTHA, MeUssa C.^c. Ariglica, 
 Melissa nepeta — c. Erecta .Virginiana!, Cunila 
 Mariana— c. IMagno flore, Melissa grandifltora 
 — c. Montana, Melissa grandiflora— c. Pulegii 
 odore, Melissa nepeta. "^ 
 
 CAL'AMUS, xalafioi;, 'the reed,' In the 
 Pharmacopceia of the U'. S. the rhizoma of aco- 
 rus calamus (q. v.) 
 
 Calamus Alexawdri'nus. Celsus hjis thus 
 called a medicine, which was long confounded 
 with Calainus Aromaticus. It is not a root, 
 however, but the stalk of a plant of India and 
 Egy^t, probably the Andropo'gon Nardus. It 
 entered into the theriaca,)and has beei( regarded 
 as antihysteric and emmenagogue; — Calamus 
 aromaticus verus. 
 
 Calamus Aromaticus, Acorus calamus — c. 
 Aromatictis verus, Calamus Alexandrinus — c. 
 Indicus, see Saccharum — c-. Odoratus, Acorus 
 calamus, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 Calamus Rotang. The systematic 'name of' 
 a plant, vvhence Dragon's Blood', Sanguis Dra- 
 co'nis, Cinniih'aris Grxco'rum, Dracontkae'ma^ 
 (F.) Sang-Dragon, is obtained. It is the red, 
 resinous' juice, obtained, in India, from wound- 
 
 ing the bark of the. Calamus Rotang. It has 
 been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, &c.; 
 but is now rarely employed. , , 
 
 Calamus Sceipto'eius, Aruig'lyphej Rhom- 
 boid'al Sinus; 'a. -writing pen,' (^.yFossette 
 angiilidre du quatrieme ventrifiule. A sm^ll, 
 angular cavity, situate at the superior Sxtremity 
 of . the- medulla, in the fourth yentricle of the 
 brain, which has been, by soirie, -supposed t» 
 resemble a pen. ' 
 
 Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus. 
 CALAPPITE. Rumphius has given this 
 name to calculous concretions, found in the in- 
 terior of some cocoa nijts. The cocoa free it- 
 self -the Malays call Calappa. These stones 
 are, likewise, termed Vegetable Benoards'. The 
 Malays attribute potent virtues to tlrenf,- an(i 
 wear them as amulets. 
 -CALASAYA, Cinchonae cordifolise cortex. 
 CALBALA, CabSl. 
 
 CALBIA'NltM. The name of a plaster in 
 Myrepsus, the composition of which we know 
 not. ' 
 
 CALCADINFM,-Ferri sulphas. ' 
 CALCAIRE, Calcareous. 
 . CALCA'NEAL, Caled'iteusj from irofe, 'the 
 heel.' Having relation to the calcaneuni, as 
 " calcaneal arteries." ' • ■ 
 
 CALCANJ^Q-FHALANGIEN DUPETIT 
 OR ITB/ijAbductor minimi digiti pedis — cPho' 
 langinieh corrvrriun. Extensor brevis digitorum 
 pedis^— c. Sdils-phalangettien commun. Flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis — p. Sous-Phalanginim 
 co»M»Mre,Flexorbrevis digitorum pedis^cSoM-s- 
 phalangien du petit prteU, see Abductor ininimi 
 -digiti pedis — c.Sui-phal'angetti^n cowmMihEx- 
 tensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 CALCA'NEUM,-from cala;, 'the heel'.' Cid- 
 ca'neus, Calcar, Cal'eia, Ichnus, Os Calais, 
 Pterna, Pter'niimi. The largest of the tarsal 
 bones ;4hat which forms the heel. It is situate 
 at the posterior and inferior part of the footi is. 
 articulated above and -a little anteriorly witl 
 the astragalus; anteriorly, also, with the os cu- 
 boides. Its posterior surface, — called .Bed, 
 Talus, Calx, (F.) Talon,— ^\ves attachmeht 
 to the tendo-achilUs : the lower has^ posteriorly, 
 two tuberosities, to which the superficial mus- 
 cles of the sole of the foot are "attached. ' .The 
 small Apoph'ysis or lateral Apophysis of the- 
 Calcafnewm, (F.) Petite Apophyse "ou Apophyse 
 laterale^idu CalcdniuTn, is a projection at the 
 upper surface of this bone, on which .is formed 
 the posterior portion of the cavity that -re- 
 ceives the astragalus. The great Apoph'.ysis, 
 atfteripr Apoph'ysis of the Gcdcfinewni, is the 
 projection which corresponds, on one side, with 
 the cubbides; and on the^other' forms the ante- 
 rior part of thfi facette which receives the as- 
 tragalus. 
 CALCANTHON, Atramentum. , . 
 CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot — c. Avis, Hip- 
 pocampus mihor. 
 
 CALCA-'REOUS, Galccdreus, Calea'nas;- 
 from calx,'\va\e.' (F.) Calcaire. Containitg 
 lime: — as calcareous concretions,, C. deposi- 
 tions, &c. 
 CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta. 
 CALC ARIA CHLORAT A,Calcis chloridum 
 -— c. Chlorica; Calcis chloridum — c. .PhoSpho- 
 rica, see Cornu ce'rvi — c. Pura, Calx — c. Pura 
 liquida, Liquor calcis. .■ 
 CALCARI^CHLORUMjCalcis chloridum. 
 
CALCATOR 
 
 137 
 
 CALCULI 
 
 CALCATOR, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON, CALCENO'- 
 NIA, CALCINO'NIA. Words employed by 
 Paracelsus to designate the concretions of tar- 
 trate of lime which form in the human body. 
 
 CALCENOS, Calcetus. 
 
 CALCEOLA'RIA, from vaiceolus, 'a small 
 slipper;' Slippertoort. 
 
 Calceola'eia Pkima'ta is used in Peru as a 
 laxative. 
 
 Cai.oeoi,a'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be 
 febrifuge. 
 
 CALCETUS, Calcetm'nius, Calee'nos. That 
 ■which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjec- 
 tive used, by Paracelsus, in speaking of the 
 T)lood; Sanguis calce*tus,_ Hence came the eX' 
 pression Calcined blood, Sang calcine,. 
 
 CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago. 
 
 CALCHOIDEA, (OS.) Cuneiform bone. 
 
 CALCIA, Calcaneum, 
 
 CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth. 
 
 CALCIG'.RADUS', Pternob'aies, from Calx, 
 jrrtf va, ' the heel,' and ^aivm, '■' I walk.' One 
 who walks on his heels.: — ^Hippocrates. 
 , CALCII CHLORURETUM, Calcis murias 
 — c. Oxychloraretum, Calcis chlo^idum^o. 
 Oxydum, Calx viva — c. Piotochloruretum, 
 Calc is chloridum. 
 
 CALCINA'TION, Calcina'tio, Cold- 
 Concrema'tia, from calx, 'lime.' The act of 
 submitting to a strong heat any infusible mine- 
 ral substance, which we are desirous of depriving 
 either of its water, or of any other volatilizable 
 ■substance, that enters into its composition; or 
 which we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum 
 is calcined to get rid of its water of crystalliza- 
 tion ; — chalik, to reduce it to the state of pure 
 lime, by driving off the carbonic acid; and cer- 
 tain metals are subjected to this oiperation to 
 oixidize them. 
 
 CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hy- 
 drargyrum prsecipitatum. 
 
 CALCINONIA, Calcena. 
 
 CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlo- 
 ridum— ^c. Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas durus, 
 Greta, Marmor — c. Carbona^ friabilis, Creta — 
 c. Hepar, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Hydras, see 
 Calx — c. Hypochloris, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 CaIiCie Chlo'ridum ;, Chlo'ride of lame, 
 OKto'ruret of Jjime, Hypochlo'rite of Idme, 
 Chlorite of Idtne, Oxymu'riate of Lime, Calx 
 ehlorina'ta (Ph. U. S.) Protoxichlor'uret of 
 Calcium, Calca'ria ehlora'ta, Chlorwxi CaXca'- 
 rise, Chlore'tum Calca'riae, Calearia Chlo'riea, 
 Oxychlorure'tmm Caleii, Protochlorure'twm Cal- 
 aii, CJdorure'tum Oxidi Caleii, BichloTur^ turn 
 Calcis, Oxymu^rias Calcis, CaZcis Hypochlo'ris, 
 Calx oxymuriat'iva, Bleaching Powder, Ten- 
 nant's Powder,,(f .)Protoxichlorurede Caldttm, 
 Chlorure de Chaux, Oxichlorure. de Chatix, 
 Chlofure d'Oxide de Calcium, Bichlorure de 
 Chaux, Oximuridte de Chaux, -Muriate surox- 
 , igene ou Oxigene de Chaux, Poudre de Blartche- 
 ment, P. de Tennant. A compound resulting 
 from the action of chlorine on hydrate of lime. 
 The chloride of lime is a most valuable disin- 
 fecting agent, (see Disinfection,) when dissolved 
 in the proportibU of one pound to six gallons 
 of water. It has likewise been employed both 
 internally and externally in various diseases, 
 as in scrofula, fcetor oris, foul ulcers, &c. &c. 
 10 
 
 Calcis Murias ; Muriate of Lime, Calx sa- 
 U'ta, Caleii Chlorure'tum seu Chlo'ridum, Chlo- 
 ride of calcium, (F.) Chlomire de calcium. Mu- 
 riate ou Hydrocklorate de Chaux. This salt 
 has been given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, 
 &c., in scrofulous tumours, glandular obstruc- 
 tions, general debility, &c. The Solu'tio Mu- 
 ria'tis Calcis, Liquor Calcis Muria'tis, Solva- 
 tion of Muriate of Lvme, Liquid Shell, may be 
 formed of muriate of Lime § j . dissolved in dis- 
 tilledi-urater f. §iij. The Liquor Calcii Chlo- 
 RiDi or Solution of Chloride of Calcium, of the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is formed 
 as follows :-^ilfa»-i/e,ffifragments, 5ix. MuHatie 
 add, Oj ; Distilled water, a sufficient quantity. 
 Mix the acid with a half pint of the water, and 
 gradually add the marble. Towards the close 
 of the effervescence apply a gentle heat, and, 
 when the action has ceased, po^ur off the clear 
 liquor and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the 
 residuuni in its weight and a half of distilled 
 water, and filter. Dose, from gtt. xxx. to f. gj. 
 in a cupful of water. 
 
 Calcis Oxymurias, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 Calcis Sulphure'ttjm ; Hepar Calcis, SuV- 
 phuret of Lime,, {"F.^Proto-hydrosulfate de Cal- 
 dum, Sydrosulfate de chaux.' Principally 
 used in solution, as" a bath, in itch and other 
 cutaneous atfections . 
 
 CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treurii. 
 
 CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa— c. 
 Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 CALCITRAPPA, Delphinium consolida. 
 
 CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias 
 — -c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias — c. Chlorure 
 d'oxide de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protohydro- 
 sulphate de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Protoxi- 
 chlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protoxichlo- 
 ruret of, Calcis chloridum — c. Protoxide of. 
 Calx. 
 
 CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMI DI- 
 GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Sub- 
 phalangeus poUicis, Abductor pollicis pedis. 
 
 CALCOCOS, Bell-metal. 
 
 CALCOIDEA, (ossicUla,) Cuneiform bones. 
 
 CALCOTAR,,Ferri sulphas. 
 
 CALCUL, Calculus. 
 
 CALCULEUX, Calculous. 
 
 CAL'CULI, see Calculus — c. Articular, see 
 Calculi Arthritic ; and Concretions, articular. 
 
 Calculi, ARTHRii'ro, /To;)fe', Tuber' cida ar- 
 thrit'ica, Chalk stones. Nodes, (q. v.) (F.) 
 Fierres crayeitses, Calculs arthritiques, Naiids. 
 Concretions, wliich form in the ligaments, and 
 withjn the capsules of the joints, in persons 
 affected wWh gout. They are composed of uric 
 acid, soda, and a little animal matter; very 
 rarely, urate of lime and chloride of sodium are 
 met with. Similar calculi are found in other 
 parts besides the joints. 
 
 Cal'culi, Bil'iart, Cal'culi bilio'si aenfell'- 
 n seu hilia'rii, Bil'iary Concretions, Gall- 
 stones, Cholol'ithus, Cholel'ithus, (F.) Calctils 
 biliaires, Pierres au fel. Some of these con- 
 tain all the materials of the bile, and seem to be 
 nothing more than that secretion thickened. 
 Several contain Picromel ; and the greater part 
 are composed of from 88 to 94 parts of Choles- 
 terin, and of from 6 to 13 of the yellow matter 
 
CALCULI IN THE EARS 
 
 138 
 
 CALCULI, URINARY 
 
 of the bile. Biliary calculi arc moat frequently 
 found in the gall-bladder : at . other times, in 
 the substance of the liver, in the branches of 
 the Ductus hepaticus, or in the Ductus Cam' 
 munis Choledoehus. The first are called Cys- 
 tic; the second JSepatic; and the' last, some- 
 times, Sepatoeystic- The causes which give 
 rise to them are very, obscure. Often they oc- 
 casion no uneasiness, ixiA at other times the 
 symptoms may be confounded with those of 
 hepatitis. At times, they are rejected by the 
 mouth, or by the bowels, along with a consider- 
 able quantity of bile, which had accumulated 
 behind theip ; at other- times, they occasion 
 violent abdominal inflammation, abscesses, and 
 biliary fistulse, rupture of the gall-bladder, and 
 fatal effusion into the peritoneum. The passage 
 of a gall-stone is extremelypainful ; yet the pulae 
 is not at first afiected. Antiphlogistics, when 
 there is inflanunatory action, a-nd .strong doses 
 of opium, to allay the pain and spasm, with the 
 warm bath, are the chief remedies. • Solve"nts 
 are not to be depended upon. They cannot 
 reach the calculi. 
 
 Cal'ouli, in the Ears, (F.) Calcttls de 
 rOr/sille. Ilard, light, and inflammable con- 
 cretions, which occur in the meatus atiditorius 
 exiernus, and are merely indurated cerumen. 
 They are a frequent cause of deafness. They 
 can be easily seen, and may be extracted by 
 appropriate forceps, 'after having been detached 
 by injections of sojip and water. 
 
 <^ALcni.i Fellei, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 Cal'culi, Lach'iitmal, (F.) Calculs lacry- 
 maux. Concretibns, sometimes, but rarely, 
 form in the lachrymal passages, where they 
 occasion abscesses and .fistulse, which do not 
 heal until they are extracted. No analysis has 
 been made of them. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Mamm^;, (F.) Calculs des 
 Mamelles. Haller gives a case of a concre- 
 tion, of a yellowish-white colour, which had 
 the shape of one of the exctetpry ducts of the 
 mammary gland, having been extracted from 
 an abscess seated in that organ. 
 
 Cal'culi of the Pan'creas, (F.), Calculs du 
 Pancreas. These are but little known. Ana- 
 logy has induced a Tjelief that they resemble 
 the salivary. Some have supposed that certain 
 transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or 
 passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from 
 the pancreas, but there seems to be no-,Teason 
 for this belief. 
 
 Cal'cuxj of the PIne'al Gland, (F.) C{d- 
 euls die la Glandc Piniale. These haye been 
 frequently met with. No symptom announces 
 their presence during life. They are composed 
 of phosphate of liine, 
 
 Cal'culi of the Prostate, Prostafic cal'- 
 culi. These are not very' rare. They have 
 ■ generally the same composition as . the pre- 
 ceding. They usually present the symptoms 
 common to every tumefaction of the prostate^ 
 and sometimes those of calculi, in the: blad- 
 der. 
 
 Cal'culi PuL'M0NARy,,(F.) Calculi pulmo- 
 naires. These concretions are very frequently 
 met with in the dead body, without seeming to 
 have produced unpleasant symptoms during life.' 
 At other times, they are acconipanied with all 
 the symptoms of phthisis. Phthisic calculeuse, 
 of Bayle. At. times, they are expectorated 
 without the supervention of any unpleasant 
 
 symptom. They are usually formed of vcarbo- 
 nate of lime and animal matt^l. 
 
 Cal'culi, Sal'ivart, Cal'culi saliva'les, Sia- 
 lol'ithi, (F.) Calculs salivaires. Concretions, 
 usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal 
 matter, which are developed in the substance 
 of the' salivary glands or in their excretory 
 ducts. In the first case, they may be mistaken 
 for a simple swelling _o,f the gland; in the se- 
 cond, they may bfe generally detected by the 
 touch. They may be extracted by incision in 
 the interior of the mouth. The calculus de- 
 veloped in the sublingual ducts haS been called 
 Cat' cuius suhlingua'liSjZXi^ Kan'ula lapide!a, 
 - Cal'culi, Sperjbat'ic, (F.) Calculs sperma- 
 tiques. These have been sometimes found in 
 the vesiculae seminales after death. Th^ can- 
 not be detected during life. No analysis has 
 been made of them, 
 
 Cal'culi of the Stomach and Jktes'tines, 
 Enterol'itkus, E. Cal'culus, Coprol'ithus, Con- 
 'cretio'nes'alvi'na^ (F.) Calculs d& VestomaC) C. 
 intestinauXy Pierres sterctfrales^. Concretions 
 intestinales. Calculi of the stomach are rare, 
 and have almost always been carried thither by 
 the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. The 
 symptoms occasioned by them are those of 
 chronic gastritis. Jt has been imagined that 
 the continued use of absorbent powders, as 
 magnesia, will give occasion to them. 
 
 Intestinab concretions, (F.) Calculs intesti- 
 naux, &re not uncommon in animals (see Bs- 
 zoARD :) but they are rare in man. The caases 
 which give -rise to them are little known: 
 sometimes a biliary calculus affords them a 
 nucleus. Their composition varies. Theyare 
 light, hard, very fetid, and not inflammable. 
 They are formed, ordinarily, between the val- 
 vuIje of the siti?.ll intestines, or in the cells of 
 the large, and sometimes in old herhiEB. Whilst 
 they do. not obstruct the passage of the alimen- 
 tary mass, they produce no unpleasant symp- 
 tom. At times, the movable tumour which 
 they form, may be felt through the- parietes of 
 the abdomen. They are generally evacuated 
 per anum, 
 
 Cal'culi of the Tonsils. Calculous con- 
 cretions,' which sometimes form in the tonsils. 
 (F.) Calculs des Aimygdaies. They are easily 
 recognised by the sight and touch : sometimes 
 they are discharged by spitting, either alone or 
 with the pus of an abscess occasioned by their 
 presence. They have, not been analyzed.. 
 
 Cal'culi, U'rinaet, Xfrol'ithif (F.) Cidoulf 
 urinaires, Pierres urinaires. Cbncjetions, 
 which form from the orystallizable substances 
 in the urine, and which are met with not only 
 in the whole course of the ■ urinary passages, 
 but in fistulous openings^ wherever the urine 
 stagnates natiirally" or accidentally. Their 
 causes are but little known. They are more 
 common at the two extremities of life than at 
 the middle, and more so in some countries and 
 districts than in< others. At, times, a clot of 
 blood, a portion of mucus, &c., will form the 
 nucleus. The symptoms and treatment vary 
 according to the seat of the calculus. There 
 is no such thing; probably as amedicall solvent. 
 See Urinary Calculi. 
 
 Modern ch.ymists have demonstrated the ex- 
 istence of several components of urinary cal- 
 culi, viz. Lithic Add, Phosphate of Urn*, Am- 
 rhoniaco-Magnesian Phosphate, Oxalate oj 
 
CALCULI, URINARY 
 
 139 
 
 CALCULOUS 
 
 Lira*, Cystic Oxide, and Xanthie Oxide, with I termixture of these ingredients, are thus repre- 
 an animal cementing ingiedienti The varieties sentedby Dr. Paris, 
 of calculi, produced by the combination or in- J / 
 
 K TABULAR VIEW OF THE DIFFERENT SPECIES OP URINAKT CALCULI. 
 
 
 8FEOIE8 OF GAL. 
 COLl. 
 
 EZTkltNAI. CHARACTERS. 
 
 CHYMldAL CdHPOSITlOH'. 
 
 REUAHKS. 
 
 
 \. LITHIO OR 
 
 naio. 
 
 J'orm; a. flattened oval. 8. 6. 
 jenerally eMjeeds 1.500. Cblmr, 
 ^roWnian or fawn-like. Surface^ 
 Bmootb. Tature, Itiminated. 
 
 It consists principally of Lithic 
 JIM. When treated with nitric 
 acid, a beaulifVil pink substance re- 
 sults; This calculus is slightly so- 
 luble in water, abundantly so in 
 the pure alkalies. 
 
 It is the prevailing 
 species; but the surface 
 sometimes occurs flne- 
 y luberculated. It fre- 
 quently constitutes the 
 nuclei of the other spe- 
 cies. 
 
 
 3. MOIBIRRT. 
 
 Colour, dark brown; Tnlurt, 
 harder than that of the other spe- 
 cies. S. G. from 1.428 to 1.976: Sur- 
 face, studded with tubercles. 
 
 It is oxalate of lime, and is decom; 
 posed in the flame of a spirit lamp 
 swelling out into a while efflores- 
 cence, wliiUi is qiaeUipe. 
 
 This species in- 
 cludes some varieties, 
 which are remarka- 
 bly smooth ^nd pale- 
 colonred, rese;nbling 
 heriipuedi 
 
 
 3. BODE EARTH. 
 
 Colour, pale brown or gray ; stir- 
 fad, smooth and polished: siritc- 
 pare regularly laminated ; the lami- 
 na) easily separating into concrete 
 rrosts. 
 
 Frincipally pAosjiAoie' ut lime. It 
 is soluble in, muriatic acid. 
 
 
 
 4. TRIPLE. 
 
 Colour, generally brilliant white 
 Surface, uneven, studded with 
 shining crystals, less compact than 
 the preceding species. Between its 
 laminffi «mall cells dccur, filled with 
 sparkling particles. 
 
 It is' an amminiiaco-mamtesian 
 piospKate, geni^rally miied with 
 phosphate of lime. Pure alkalies 
 decompose it, ektractiug its ammo- 
 nia. 
 
 - ■ . 
 
 This species attains 
 a larger siz« than any 
 of the others. 
 
 
 5. FUSIBLE. 
 
 Colour. Grayish white. A compound of thetwoforegoing 
 species. 
 
 It is very fusible, 
 melting into a vitreous 
 globuli'. . ^ 
 
 
 6. CTBTIC. 
 
 Very like the triple calculus, but 
 it is unstratified and more compact 
 and homogeneous. 
 
 1 It consists of cystic oxide. Under 
 the blowpipe it yields a peculiarly 
 fetid odour. It is soluble in acids 
 and in alkalies, even if they are 
 fully saturated with carbonic acid. 
 
 It is a rare species. 
 
 
 7. ALTESHA- 
 
 nwo. 
 
 ' Its section exhibits dif^reut con 
 centric laminre. 
 
 Compounded bf .several species 
 alternating with each other. 
 
 
 
 8. COUPODND, 
 
 No characteristic form. 
 
 ' The ingredients are separable 
 only by chymical analysis. , 
 
 
 , ]. Renal Calculi, (F.) Caleuls 
 Tiese have almost always a very irregular 
 shape : at times, there will be no indic:Ctioi;i of 
 their presence : at others, they occasioilattacks 
 of pain in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied 
 with bloody or turbid urine. Often, they cause 
 inflammation. of the kidneys, with all its un- 
 pleetsant results. They are generti|ly , formed 
 of uric acid, animal matter, and oxalate of 
 lime, with, sometimes, phosphates. The treat- 
 ment will have to vary, according to the ab- 
 sence or^ presence of infleimmatory signs, — re- 
 lieving the irritation by opiates. A surgical 
 operation can rarely be applicable. 
 
 2. Calculi in tlfe Ureters, (^Y*y Caleuls -des 
 Vretiresi These come from the kidneys, and 
 do not produce unpleasant effects, unless they 
 are so large as to obstruct the course of the 
 urine, and to occasion distention of the whole 
 of the ureter above them; or unless their sur- 
 face is so rough as to irritate the mucous mem- 
 brane, and-occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, 
 Sic. The pain, during the passage, is some- 
 times very violent, extending to the testicle of 
 the same side in the male ; and occasioning a 
 numbness of the thigh in both sexes. The treat- 
 ment consists in general or local blood-letting, 
 warm bath, and opiates. 
 
 3. Calculi, Vesical; Stone in the Bladder, 
 Idth'ia Vesiha'lis, Lithi'asis cys'tiea, IntUi'asis 
 vesiea'lis, Ctfsto-litSi'asis, Dysu'ria ealculo'sa', 
 I>. irrita'ta, Cal'eiilus vesi'cse, (P.) Caleuls 
 vesicaux. These are the most common. Some- 
 times, they proceed from the kidneys: most 
 commonly, they are formed in the bladder it- 
 
 self. Sense of weight in the perinseum, and 
 sometimes of a body rolling when the patient 
 changes his position; pain or itching at the ex- 
 tremity of the glahs in men; frequent desire to 
 passthe urine; sudden stoppage to its flovv; and 
 bloody urine — ^are the chief signs which induce 
 us to suspecttheir existence; We cannot, how- 
 ever, be certain of this vrithout sounding the 
 patient. Sometimes, when of a small size, 
 the^ are expelled : most commonly, they re- 
 main in the bladder, the disprganization of 
 which they occasion, unless removed by a sur- 
 gical'operation. 
 
 4. Cal'eiili Xfre'thral. They almost always 
 prciceed frorii the bladder. The obstruction, 
 which they cause to the, passage of the urine, 
 the hard tuihouri and the noise occasioned 
 when struck by a sound, indicate their i pre- 
 sence. They are renioVed by incision. 
 
 5. Calculi in Fis'iulous passages. These 
 arise when there is some fistulous opening into 
 the urethra. They can be readily recognised, . 
 and may generally be extracted with' facility. 
 (V.y Caleuls places hors des voies iirinaire^. 
 See Urinary Catciili. 
 
 Cal'culi of the U'tertjs, (F.) Caleuls d» 
 I'tttirus. These are very rare. The signs, 
 which indicate them during life, are those of 
 chronic engorgement o{ the 'uterus. Their ex- 
 istence, consetjuelitly, cannot be proved till 
 after death. 
 
 CALCULIFRAdUS, Lifhoritriptic. 
 
 CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Caleuleux, (xraveleua. 
 That which relates to calculi, especially to 
 those of the bladder. 
 
CALCULS BILIAIRES 
 
 140 
 
 CALUFMmA 
 
 CALCULS BILIAIRES, Calculi, biliary 
 — c. de I'Estomao, Calculi of the stomach — c. 
 de la Glande Fineale, Calculi of the pineal 
 gland — e. Inteitinaua:, Calculi of the stomach 
 and intestines — c. Lacrymamx,, Calculi, lachry- 
 mal — c. des Mamelles, Calculi, of the mammae 
 — e. de POreille, Calculi in the eais-^c.du Pan- 
 creas, Calculi of the Pancreas — e. Places hors 
 dos votes urinaires. Calculi in fistulous pas- 
 sages — c. Pulmonaires, .Calculi, pulmonary — 
 ». RenoMai, Calculi, renal — c. Salivaires, Cal- 
 culi, salivary — «. Spermatiqiies, Calculi,, sper- 
 matic — c. Urindires, Cal(;uli, urinary — c. des 
 Urethres, Calculi in the ureters — c. de I'TIterus, 
 Calculi of the uterus — c. Vesicauar, Calculi, 
 yesical. 
 
 CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithos, li9o(. A di- 
 minutive of calx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcid, 
 Pierre. Calculi are concretions, which may 
 form in ev^ry part of the animal body, but 
 which are most frequently found in the organs 
 that act as reservoirs, and in the excretory ca- 
 nals. They are met with in the tonsils, joints, 
 biliary ducts, digestive passages; lachrymal 
 ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal gland, pros- 
 tate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary 
 passages, and in the uterus. The causes which 
 give rise to them are obscijre. 
 
 Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are 
 supposed to be owing to the deposition of the 
 substances, which compose them, from the fluid 
 as it passes along the duct; and those which 
 occur in the substance of an organ are regarded 
 as the product of some chronic irritation. Their- 
 general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bo- 
 dies, the parts with which they are in contact; 
 and to produce retention of the fluid, whence 
 they have been formed. The symptoms difier, 
 according to the sensibility of the organ and 
 the importance of the particular secretion whose 
 discbarge they impede. Their solution is ge- 
 nerally impTacticable : spontaneous expulsion 
 or extraction is the only way of getting rid of 
 them. 
 
 CALcntus SszoAR, Bezoard— c. Dentalis, 
 OdontolithUs — c. Encysted, Calcid chatonne 
 — c. Subliiigualis, see Calculi, salivary — c. Ve- 
 sicae, Calculus, vesical. 
 
 CALDAS, WATERS QF. Caldas is a small 
 town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mine- 
 ral springs, containing carbonic and hydrosul- 
 phurip acid gases, carbonates and muriates of 
 lime and inagnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, 
 sulphnret of iron, silica, and alumina. They 
 are much used in atonic gout. i"hcy are ther- 
 mal. Temperature 93° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CALDE'RIiE ITALICS. Warm baths in 
 the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much 
 employed in dysuria. 
 
 CALEB^SSES, Cucurbita lagenaria. 
 
 CALEFA^CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Ther- 
 man'tiea, from calidus, ' warm,' and facto, * I 
 make.' (F.) Ackauffants. Substances which 
 excite a degree of warmth in the part to which 
 they are applied, as mustard, pepper, - &c. 
 They belong to the class of stimulants. 
 
 CALEF ACTIO, ickauffement. 
 
 CALENDULA ALPINA. Arnica montana. 
 
 Calen'oula Arven'sis, Caltha Arven'sis, 
 mid Mar'igold, (F.) Soud des Changs. This 
 is, sometimes, preferred to the last. Its juice 
 has been given, in the dose of from f. jj to f. 
 .^iv, in jaundice and cachexia. 
 
 Calen'dula OFFioiirA'i.is, C. Sati'vai Chry- 
 sam'them/um, Sponsa solis, Caltha vulgafris; 
 Verrucc^ria, Single 'Mar'igold, Garden Mar'i- 
 gold,, (F.) Soud, S. ordinaire. Family, Sy- 
 nanthereas, Syngenesia. necessaria, Linn. Sb 
 called from flowering every calend. The flow- 
 ers and leaves have been exhibited as aperients, 
 diaphoretics, &c., and have been highly ex- 
 tolled, of late, in cancer. 
 
 CALENDULA MARTIALES,Ferruniani. 
 monia,tum. 
 
 CALENTU'RA, from calere,'to be warm.' 
 The word, in Spanish, si^gnifies feVer. A spe- 
 cies of furious delirium to which sailors aie 
 subject in the torrid zone :-^ kind of phreni^ 
 the attack of which comes on suddeinly after 
 a broiling day, and seems to be characterized 
 by a desire in the patient to throw himself into 
 the sea. , It is only a variety of phrenitis. 
 
 C^lentura CoNTiNtJA, Syuocha. 
 
 CALENTU'RAS;P«Zo(ieCa;e»t«'ms. Po- 
 met and Lemfery siy, that these words atB 
 sometimes applied to cinchona. Camelli says, 
 they mean, also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, 
 the wood of which is bitter and febrifuge. 
 . CALF OF THE LEG, Sura. , 
 
 CALICE,CahTi. .. 
 
 C ALICES RANALES, see Calix. 
 
 CALICO BUSH, Kalmiai latifolia. ' 
 
 CALIDARIUM, see Stove. . 
 
 CALIDUM ANIMALE,, Animal heat-«. 
 Innatum, Animal heat. 
 
 CALIGATIO, Dazzling. 
 
 CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Acklys,{'^.)Brovil- 
 lard. An obscurity of visioil,, dependent upon 
 a speck on the cornea : also, the speck itselfj 
 Caligo coi^nea, Mac'ula cornece, 'M. semipeM- 
 cid,a, PhtharTna caligo, C, a nephel'io, Hebetu'ik 
 visAs, C. a Leuco'mati, Neb'ula, (q^y.) Opah 
 cornea. Web-eye, {Y.) Nonage de la Comie, 
 Taye, Obscurdssement de la vue. 
 
 Caligo Lemtis, Cataract — c. PupilliE, Syne- 
 zisis — c. Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum, 
 Hemeralopia. 
 
 CALIHACHA CANELLA,Laurus cassia. 
 
 CALIX, Calyx, InfundiV ulum, from t.ih\, 
 'a cup.' (F.) Calice, Entonrioir. Anatomists 
 have given this name to small membrandu? ca- 
 nals, which surround the papillae of the kidney, 
 and open into its pelvis, whither they convey 
 the urine; — Cal'ices' rena'les, CJylind'ri mem- 
 hranafcei Renum, Fis'tulcs nreterwm renum, 
 Canales membra'nei Renuni, Tu'buli pelvis re- 
 num. Their number varies from 6 to 12 ii 
 each kidney. .. 
 
 Calix Vomitoria, Gobl,et, emetic. 
 
 CALLEUX, CaWons. 
 
 CALLIBLEPH'ARUM,from xaMof, 'beau- 
 ty,' and /Sitifofov, 'eyelid.' A remedy for 
 beautifying the eyelids. 
 
 CALLICOCC A IPECACUANHA, Ipecacn- 
 anhia. 
 
 CALLICREAS, Pancreas. 
 
 CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago. 
 
 CALLIP^'DIA, from mXIc^, 'beauty,' 
 and 7ra/c,' 7t«,*ot, «a child.' The art of bege^ 
 ting beautiful children. This was the title oif 
 a poem by Claude Quillet, in 1655. CaiUpadia 
 sive de pulchrm prolis habenda ratioiie. The 
 author absurdly supposes, that the beauty of 
 children is affected by the sensations' which th« 
 mother experiences during her pregnancy. 
 
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE 141 
 
 CALX 
 
 CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see 
 Pelvimeter. 
 
 CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics. 
 
 CALLIPHYLLUM, Aspleniuin trichoma- 
 Boides. 
 
 CALLOSITAS, Induration— c. Palpebrarum, 
 Scleriasis. 
 
 CALLOS'ITY, Callos'itas, Scyros, Tyll, 
 Tylus, Ty2o'ma, Tylo'sis, Sermatosehra/ ais, 
 Denmatotylo'ma^ Dermatotylo'sis, Dermatot'y' 
 lus, Porus, Ecphy'ma Callus. Hardness, in- 
 duration, and thickness of the skin, which as- 
 sumes a horny consistence, in places Where it 
 is exposed to constant pressure. (V .) DuriUon, 
 Also that induration, which is observed in old 
 wounds, old ul,cers, fistulous passages, &>c. 
 
 CALLOUS, Callo'sus, Oehth,o'des, from cal- 
 lus, 'hardness.' (F.) CoUeux. That which is 
 hard or indurated. A Callous Ulcer is one 
 TKhose'edges are thick and indurated. 
 
 CALLUM PEDIS, Instep. 
 - CALLUNA VULGARIS, Erica vulgaris. • 
 
 CALLUS, Cuius, Caltti/m, Osteot'ylus, (F.) 
 Cal. The bony matter, thrown out between 
 the fractured extremities of a bone, which acts 
 as a cement, and as a new bony formation.- The 
 words, are, likewise, used occasionally in the, 
 same sense' as Callosity. 
 
 Callus, Peovisional. When the /shaft of a 
 long bone has been broken through, and the ex- 
 tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi- 
 tion, the new matter, first ossified, is that which 
 occupies the central portion of the deposit, and 
 thus connects the meduHary cavities of the bro- 
 ken ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters 
 each. This was terined by M. Dupuytr^n the 
 provisional Callus. 
 
 CALMANTS, Sedatives. 
 ~ CALME, (F.) The interval that separates 
 the paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. 
 When the type is intermittent;^ the word inter- 
 mission, is used. 
 
 CALOMBA, Calumba. . 
 
 CALOMEL, Hydrargyri submurias. 
 
 CALOMELANOS TORQUETI, Hydrargy- 
 ri submurias. 
 
 ■ Calomelanos Tukqueti. a name given by 
 Riverius to purgative pflls, prepared with calo- 
 mel, sulphur, and resin of jalap. — Dictionaries. 
 
 CAL.OMELAS, Hydrafgyii submurias. 
 
 CALO'NIA, xaimria. An epithet formerly 
 given to myrrh. — Hippocrates. See Mjrrrha. 
 
 CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fa- 
 gara octandra. 
 
 CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis, Animal heat — 
 c. Nativus, Animal heat. 
 
 CALORICITl, (F.) Calonfitas. The fa- 
 culty possessed by living bodies of generating 
 a sufficient quantity of caloric, to enable them 
 to resist atmosphej'ic cold, and to preserve, at 
 aU times andin every part, a temperature nearly 
 equal. See Animal Heat. 
 
 CALORIFA'CIENT,Ca;or»f»amt,Co/ojr^/a'-; 
 dens, tialorifi'ans : from calor, ' heat,' andJleH, 
 ' to be made.' Having the power of producing 
 heat. Relating to the power of producing heat. 
 
 CALORIFICA'TION, Calonfiea'Ho, same 
 etymon as the last. The function of produciiig 
 animal heat. 
 
 CALORINtSES, from calor, «heat.' The 
 name under which M. Eanmes proposes to ar- 
 range all diseases, characterized by a sensible 
 change in the quilntity of animal heat. The 
 
 Calorinhes form the first class of his Noso- 
 logy. 
 
 CALOTROPIS GIGANTEAgVIudar— cMu- 
 darii, Mudar. 
 
 CALOTTE, (F.) Pile'olum. Anatomists 
 sometimes givethe name — Calotte aponivroiijn* 
 —to the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis 
 muscle, which covers it externally; and that of 
 Calotte dii crane to the s'cull-^ap. 
 
 Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster, 
 with which the head of a person labouring under 
 tinea capitis is somet;imes covered, after the hair 
 has been shave^ off. This plaster is pulled 
 suddenly and violently off, in order to remove 
 the bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of 
 coif made of boiled leather, worn by those who 
 have undergone the operation of trepan, &c. 
 
 CALOTTE D'AS^URANCE, Condom. 
 
 CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montaria— c. 
 Arvensis, Calendula arvensis — c. Vulgaris, Ca- 
 lendula officinalis. 
 
 CALTROPS, see Trapa natans. 
 
 CALUM'BA, Co/ows'Jo, Calom'ha, Colom'ba, 
 (Ph. U. S.;) Coltimhoj -Radix Columbse, (F.) 
 Calumie ou Columbe. The root of Menisper'- 
 mum palma'tum, Coc'culus palma'tus, indige- 
 nous in India and Africa^, Its odour is slightly 
 aromatic j taste unpleasantly bitter. It is tonic 
 and antiseptic. Dose, gr. 10 to gj. in powder. 
 
 Calumba, AMERiOAN,i<Va««'ro Walteri,F.Can 
 rolinien'sis, F.Officina'lis, Swer'tia difform/is, 
 Sw. Frase'ra, American or Marietta- Columbo, 
 Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gentian, Golden Seal, 
 Meadow pride, Pyramid, is used in the same 
 cases as the true Calumba. 
 
 CALUS, Callus. 
 
 C AL VA, Cranium. 
 
 Calva, Caiva'ria. The cranium; the upper 
 part especially; the skull-cap j — the Vault of 
 the Crarfiwrn, Cwm'era, 
 
 CALVARlA, Cranium. 
 
 CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA. Surgical 
 instruments, which have a head or button. 
 
 CALVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandria Virginica. 
 
 CALVI"TIES, Calyi"iiwin,Ph'al'acrai Fha- 
 lacro'sis, Glabri"ties, Ophi'asis, Depila'tio Cap'- 
 itis, Phalacro'ma, MudOiro'sisj Lipsotrich'ia, 
 Baldness, &c., from cato'K*, • bald,' (F.) Chaw- 
 vete. Absence of hair, particularly at the top 
 of, and behind, the head. Calvi"ties palpebra''- 
 rum, — loss of the eye-lashes. 
 
 CALX, Lime, Ca'riwm Terra, Protoai'ide of 
 Cal'cium, Calca'ria pura, (F.) Chaua.- The 
 liiUe, employed in pharmacy, should be recently 
 prepared by calpinatioh. When -water is sprin- 
 kled over. caustic lime, we have slaied Ivme, 
 hydrate of lime, — the Calais Hydras of the 
 London pharmacopceia. 
 
 Calx, see Calcaneum — ;C. Chlofinata, Calcjs 
 chloridum-rr-c-. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce 
 — c. Salita, Calcis murias— c. Bismuthi, Bis- 
 muth, subnitrate of. 
 
 Calx e Testis; lime prepared from shelljs. 
 It has probably no medicinal advantages over 
 that prepared from marble. 
 
 Calx OxTMUEiATroA, Calcis chloridum. 
 
 Calx Viva, Ox'idum Cal'eii, Calx recens, Fu- 
 mans nix, Calx'usta, Calx et Calx viva, Limfi 
 or Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external 
 operation of calx viva is escharotic, but it is 
 rarely used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. 
 It is employed internally in the form of Liquor 
 Calcis, (q. v.') -* 
 
CALYSTEGIA SOLDANELLA 
 
 143 
 
 CANAL 
 
 CALYSTEGIA SOLDANELLA, Convolvu- 
 lus soldanella. 
 
 CALYX, Calix. 
 
 CAMARA, Calva. 
 
 CAMAREZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Camarez is a small canton, near Sylvan^s, in 
 the department of Aveyxon, France, -where 
 there are some acidulous chalybeate?. 
 
 CAMARO'SIS,'Ca«s?ro'OTa, from ««/K«|a, 'a 
 vault;' Camera'tia, Testudina'tio Cra'nii. A 
 species of fracture of the skull, in which the 
 fragments are placed so as to form a vault, with 
 its base resting on the dura mater. -^ Galen, 
 Paulus of iEgina. 
 
 C AMBING. A tree of the Molucca Islands, 
 from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex- 
 udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen- 
 tery. It appears to have some resemblance to 
 the simarouba.^Rumphius. 
 , CAMBIUM, 'Exchange.' A name formerly 
 given to a fancied nutritiye juice", which was 
 supposed to originate in the blood, to repair the 
 losses of every organ, and produce their in- 
 crease. — Sennertus. 
 
 CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF: A 
 village in the department of Basses Pyrfenfees, 
 France, where tliere are two mineral sftrings; 
 the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul- 
 phureous. Temperature, 68° to 69'^ Fahrenheit. 
 
 CAMBODIA, Cambogia. 
 
 CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the East 
 Indies, where it is .obtained. Hence, likewise, - 
 its names Cambo'dia, Camio'gium, Gambo'gia, 
 Gambo'gium) Q-ambu' giiipi. It is" called, also, 
 Crutta, Gutta gamba, (himmiGutta,Caiagau'na, 
 Cattagau'ma, Chrysq'pus, Laxati'vus I'nd'icuSf 
 Gwmmi Bo^gia^ G, gaman'draB, G. de Goa, G, de, 
 JewiUjChitia jemocOf Gutta Ga''>um'drx,Gummi 
 ad Fod'agra/m, Camhoge or Gamboge, Sec, (F.) 
 Gomme Giitte, Ord. Guttiferae. A yellow 
 juice obtained from St%ilagmi'tis Cambogioi'des, 
 and other plants of the naJuralfamily Guttiferae, 
 but it is not known from which of them the ofr 
 ficinal ,camboge is obtained. It is inodorous, 
 of an orange yellow colour; opake and brittle; 
 fracture, glassy ; is a drastic' cathartic, emetic 
 and anthelmintic; and is used in ^visceral. ob- 
 structions and dropsy, and wherever powerful 
 hydragogue cathartics are required. Dose from 
 gr. ij. to vi. in powder, united with 'calomel, 
 squill, &c. 
 
 CAMBU'CA, Cambui^xiamembra^ta. Buboes 
 and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near 
 the genital organs. — ^Paracelsus. See Bubo. 
 
 CAMELtE, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault— c. Cor- 
 dis, Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye. 
 
 CAMERATIO, Camarosis. 
 
 CAMINGA, -Canella alba. 
 
 CAMISIA FCETUS, Chorion. 
 
 CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 CAMMARUS, Crab. 
 
 CAMOMILLEFe.TII)E; Anthemis cotula 
 — p. Fugmte, Anthemis cotnla-r-c. Romaine, 
 Anthemis nobilis^ — e. des Temtteriers, Anthemis 
 tinctoria — c. Vulgaire, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
 CAM0SIER9, WATERS OF. Camosiers 
 is a canton, two teagues from Marseilles, where 
 are two springs containing carbonate of lime, 
 sulphur, chloride of sodium, &c. They are 
 purgative, and used in skin complaints. 
 
 C AMOTES, Convolvulus batatas. 
 
 CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 
 Campagne is in the department of Aude, France. 
 The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydrate 
 of magnesia. Temperature, 80'' Fahrenheit 
 
 iCAMPAN'ULA. Dimiiiutive of Campana. 
 A bell. 
 
 Campanula TuACHE'tiuM, Canterbury Bell 
 or Throattoort, was formerly used, in decoc- 
 tion,; in relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, 
 called ^Oer;mca'ria, 
 
 CAMPE, Flexion. 
 
 CAMPHIRE, Camphor. , 
 
 CAMPHOR, from Arab. Caphor or Earn', 
 phur, Camiphorai Caipku'ru, Cdffa,Oaf,.Cafmr, 
 Caphora, Aitafor, Camphire, Camphor, ij-e. 
 (F.) Camphre. A concrete substance, pre- 
 pared, by distillation; from Laurus Camphora, 
 an indigenous tree of the East ^Indies. Or- 
 der, LaurineaB. Its odour is strong and fra- 
 grant: it is volatile, not easily pulverizable; 
 texture crystalline. Soluble in alcohol,;ether, 
 oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water. Its 
 properties, are narcotic; diaphoretic, and seda- 
 tive. Dosf,rgr. V. to 9j. Dissolved in oil'or 
 alcohol, it is applied externally in rheumatic 
 pains, bruises, sprains, &c; 
 
 Gamphob Water, Mistura Camphoiae. 
 , CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA, C.Monspdi- 
 ensium, Qamphorosma Monspeliaedl 
 
 - CAMPH'ORATE,D, Camphora'*us, .(F.) 
 Camphre: Relating to camphor; containing 
 camphor ; as a eampharated amell, a camphorated 
 
 CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACAi firom 
 Camphor, and os- ,141;, ' odour,' /Seia'g'o, Cam' 
 phora'taJiirsi/tdsen MonspeReiifsium, Hairy 
 Camphoros'ma, <^ .) •Camphr'ee de MorUpellier.. 
 Family, Atripliceae.^ Sex. Syat. Tetrandria 
 Monogynia. This plant, as its name imports, 
 has an odour of Camphor. It Is regaidfed as .di- 
 uretic, diaphoretic,cephalics antispasmodic, &c. 
 It is also called Chamispeu'cB and StimUng 
 Ground Pdne. ^ 
 
 CAMPHRE, Ca.m^)ior. 
 
 CAMPRR&, Camphorated. 
 
 CAMPHRE DE MONTFELBIER, Cm.- 
 phorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 iC AMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. ' A 
 tree, twenty to thirty feet high,' which grows 
 in Peru, and whose fruit — pal'fllo, of a bright 
 yellow colour, and as large as a moderate-Sized 
 apple — ^has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and 
 is one of the ingredients in makii^ the per- 
 fumed'water called mistura. — Tschudi. 
 
 CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Curva'tio,^ InfleaKo. 
 Bone or cartilage, forciblybent from its proper 
 shape, without breakingo— Good. . 
 
 CampSis depressio. Depression. 
 
 CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from xa^TuAot^ 
 'crooked,' and*(«;fic, 'spine.' A monster whbse 
 spine is crooked.— Gurlt. , 
 
 CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from x»i«*»l«.- 
 ' crooked,' and pit, 'nose.' A monster whose 
 nose is crooked. — ^^Gurlt. 
 
 CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis. 
 
 CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis. 
 
 CAMUS, (F.)Simus,Resi'mus,Simo,Silo, 
 Silus. One who has a short, stumpy nose. 
 The French speak of Nez cajreas, ' short nose.' 
 
 CANAL, Cana'lis, Ductus, MeDltus,Foros, 
 Och'etos, (F.) Conduit. A channel for afford- 
 ing passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain 
 organs. 
 
 Canal, Alimen'tart, C. Digesfive, CoKa'- 
 
CANAL ART£RIEL 
 
 143 
 
 CANCELLI 
 
 lis eiia'ritis vel digesti'vus, Ductus eiha'rius. 
 Tubus ,alivienta'rts seu intestino'rwni) Diges'- 
 tive Tube, Aliment'ary Duct or Tube. The ca- 
 nal extending from the mouth to the anus. 
 
 Canal, Araos'ndid, CtjbnaHis Biehat'ii, Ca- 
 nal of Bichat. A canal' formed by the exten- 
 sion of the arachnoid over the transverse and 
 longitudinal 'fissures of the brain, and which 
 surrounds the vena magna Galeni. The orifice 
 of the .canal has been termed the Foramen of 
 Bi<^t. 
 
 CANAL ART£RIEL, Arterial duct— c. de 
 Bartholin, Ductus Bartfaolinus — t. of Bichat, 
 Canal, arachnoid — c. BuUular, of Petit, God- 
 ronne canal — c. Carotidien, Carotid canal-^o. 
 Cholidoque, Choledoch dud; — c. Ciliary, Ci- 
 liary canal^c. of Pontana, Ciliary canal — c. 
 Goudronrte, Godronni ■ canal — c. Sepatique, 
 Hepatic duct. 
 
 C AMAi,, Ht'aloid. a cylindrical passage, de- 
 scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the re- 
 flection of the hyaloid membrane into the inte- 
 rior of the vitreous body around the nutritious 
 artery of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never 
 been able to see it. 
 
 Canal Inci'siv^, see Palatine canals^c. In- 
 fra-oirbitar, Suborbitar canal — c. Inflexe.de I'os 
 Jemporjil, Carotid canal — c, Intermidiare des 
 vetitricules, Aquaeductus Sylvii. 
 
 Canal, iMrEs'TiNAL, Cana'lis seu Ductus 
 intesHna'Us, The portion' of the digestive ca- 
 nal formed by the intestines. 
 
 Canal of Jaoobson, Canal, tyiripanic. 
 
 Canal, Med'tjllaey. The cylindrical cavity 
 in the body or shaft of a long boUe, which con- 
 tains the marrow. ' 
 
 Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal. 
 
 Canal of Nuck. A cylindrical sheath formed 
 around the round ligaments of the uterus by a 
 prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal 
 ceinal. '' 
 
 CANAL DE PETIT, Godronni' canal— c. 
 Pulmo-aortique, Arterial duct — c. Rachidian, 
 Vertebral canal. 
 
 Canal of Schlemm. A minute circular ca- 
 nal, discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Ber- 
 lin. It is situate at the point of union of the 
 cornea and sclerotica. 
 
 Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal — c.'Spiroide 
 de I'os temporal, Aqusductus Fallopii — c> de 
 Stenon, Ductus salivalis superior-^*. Tkora- 
 dque. Thoracic 'duct — e. Veineux, Csinal, ve- 
 nous — c. Vulvo-uterine, Vagina — c^de Wartkon, 
 Ductus salivalis inferior. 
 
 C AM AL,TTH'PANip,Ca7ia'Mi<y»tpffl»'i<!«>, Ca- 
 ns^ of Ja'cobson. A canal which opens on the 
 lower surface of the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, between the carotid canal and the 
 groove for the internal jugular vein. It con- 
 tains Jacobson's nerVe. " , 
 
 Canal, Venous, Camcllis seu Ductus veno'- 
 siis, (F.) Canal veineux. A canal, which ex- 
 ists only in the foetus. It extends from the bi- 
 furcation of the umbilical vein to the vena cava 
 inferior, into whiph it . opens, below the dia- 
 phragm. At times, it ends in one of the infra- 
 hepatic veins.' It pours iiito the cava a, part of 
 the blood, which passes from the placenta-by 
 the umbilical vein. After birth, it becomes a 
 iibro-cellular cord. 
 
 Canal of Wibsuns, see Pancreas. 
 
 CANAl-ES BRESCH^ETI. Canals in the 
 
 diplo« for the passage of veins,; so called after 
 M. Breschet. 
 
 Canales Cieoulares, Semicircular canals — 
 c.Cochlese, Scate of the cochlea — c.Lacrymales, 
 Lachrymal ducts — c. Membranei renum, see 
 Calix — c. Tubaeformes, Semicircular canals. 
 CANALICULATED, Grooved. 
 CANALICULATUS, Gannele, Grooved. 
 
 GANALICVLA^-GrocneA. 
 
 CANALICULI LACHRYMALES, Lachry- 
 mal ducts^-c. Liraacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. 
 Semicireulares, Semicircular q^als. 
 
 CANALIS, Meatus — c. ^teriosus, Arte- 
 rial duct — c. Bichatii, Cianal, arachnoid — c. 
 Canaliculatus, Gorget-^c. Caroticus, Carotid 
 canal — c^ Deferens, Deferens, vas — c. Intesti- 
 norum,Intestinal Tube — c. Lacrymalis, Lach- 
 rymal or nasal duct — c. Medius, Aquaductus 
 Sylvii — c. MeduUae Spinalis, see Vertebral 
 column — c. Nerveus fistulosus renum. Ureter — 
 c. Orbitae nasalis, Lachrymal or nasal duct — c. 
 Scalarum 'Communis, Infundibulum of the coch- 
 lea — c. T.ynipahicus, Canal, tympanic-rC. Uri- 
 narius, Urethra — c. Vidianus,, Pterygoid canal. 
 
 CANALS. OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive of 
 bonefrr-c- Haversian, Canals, nutritive of bones. 
 
 Canalsj Nutritive, Cagnals for the nutri- 
 tion of 'bones^ Ductus nutri"tii, HoAjer' sian 
 Calais, Canals of Homers, (F.) Canaux nour- 
 riciers ou du Nutrition des os. Conduits 
 nov/rriders ou nutriciers. The canals, through 
 which the Vessels pass to the bones. They are 
 lined by a yfery fine lamina of compact texture, 
 or are formed in the texture itself. There is, 
 generally, one large nutritious canal in a long 
 bone, situate towards its middle. 
 
 CAIJAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of thfe Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma- 
 deira. That of the latter is however more 
 equable, and the acpommodation for invalids 
 much supferior. 
 
 CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris ele- 
 mifera. 
 
 CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis. 
 
 CANAUX AQUETlX, sfee Aqueous— iP. De- 
 micirculaires, Semicircular canals — c. ^jacula- 
 teurs, Ejaculatory.ductsVc. Nourriciers, Ca- 
 nals, nutritive — c. de Nutrition des os. Canals, 
 nutritive. 
 
 CANAUX DE TRANSMISSION. Ac- 
 cording to Bichat, the bony canals intended to 
 give passage to vessels and nerves going to 
 parts more or less distant; as th&. Cana'lis Ca- 
 rot'icus, &c. 
 
 CjSNAUX veineux. Venous Canals. 
 The canals situate in the diploe, which convey 
 venous blood. 
 
 C AN'CAMUM. A inixture of several gums 
 and resins, exported from Africa, where it is 
 used to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by 
 the name xa.yiia/ii.ot, the tears from an Arabian 
 tree, which are similai; to myrrh, and of a dis- 
 agreeable taste. He advises it in numerous 
 diseases. This name is given, also, to the 
 Anime, (q. v.) 
 
 CANCAMY, Anime. 
 
 CAN'CELLATED, Canc^lla'tus, (F.) Can- 
 celle; from Cancelli, 'lattice-Work.? Formed of 
 cancelli, as the 'cancellated structure of hope.' 
 
 CANCELXI. 'Lattice-work.' The Cel- 
 lular or Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissii 
 celluleux; consisting of numerous cells, com- 
 
CANCELLUS 
 
 144 
 
 CANCER AQVATiqUE 
 
 municating with each other. They contain a 
 fatty matter, analagous to marrow. This tex- 
 ture is met with, principally, at the extremi- 
 ties of long bones ;. and some of the short bones 
 consist almost. wholly of it. It allows of the 
 expansion of the extremities of bones, without 
 adding to their weight j and deadens concussions. 
 
 CANCEL'I-US, from cancer, «a crab.' A 
 species of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and 
 Bernard the Hermit: which is said to cure 
 rheumatism, if rubbed on the part. , 
 
 CANCER, *a ^rab.' (q. v.) Car'cinos, Lzipus 
 cancro'stis, Ulcus cancro' sv/m, A disease, 
 so called either on account of the hideous ap- 
 pearance which the ulcerated cancer presents, 
 or on account of the gr.eat veins which surround 
 it, and which the ancients compared to the 
 claws of the crab : called also Cardno^ma. It 
 consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, intersected 
 
 by firm, whitish, divergent bands ; and occurs 
 chiefly in the secernent glands. The pains are 
 acute and lancinating, and often extend to other 
 parts. The tumour, ultimately, terminates in 
 a fetid and ichorous ulcer. It is distinguished, 
 according to its stages, into' occM^i and open; 
 the former ^beiiig the scirrhous, the latter the 
 ulcerated condition. At times, there is ^ sim- 
 ple destruction or erosion of the organs, at 
 others, an encephaloid or cerebriforwi) and at 
 ^thersj again, a colloid degeneration. 
 
 For its production, it requires a peculiar di- 
 athesis, or cachexia.^ The following table, 
 from Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of 
 the three species of carcinoma : 
 
 The use of irritants in cancerous affections, 
 is strongly to be deprecated. When the ^ dis- 
 ease is so situate that excision can be practised, 
 the sooner it is removed the better. 
 
 Encephaloid. 
 
 Resembles lobulated cerebral mat- 
 ter. 
 
 Is commonly opake from its ear- 
 liest formation. 
 
 Is of a dea^ wbite colour. ' 
 
 Contains a multitude of minute 
 vessels. 
 
 Is less hard and dense than scir- 
 rhus. 
 
 Is frequently found in the veins 
 issuing from the diseased mass. . 
 
 The predominant microsccxpical 
 elements are globular, not atvv'ays 
 distincily cellular, and caudate cor' 
 puscula. 
 
 Occasionaljy attains an enormous 
 bulk. . . 
 
 Has been observed in almost every 
 tissueof the body. 
 
 Very commonly co-exists in several 
 parts or organ? of the same subject.' 
 
 Is remarkable for its occasifinal 
 va^t rapidity of growth. 
 
 Is frequently thti seat of interstitial 
 hemorrhage and deposition of black 
 or bistre-coloured matter. 
 
 When Boflened into a pUlp, appears 
 as a dead wljite or pink opake uiat' 
 ler of creamy consistence. 
 
 Subcutaneous tumours; are slow to 
 contract adhesion with the skin. 
 
 Ulcerated encephaloid is frequent 
 (y the seat of hemorrhage, followed 
 by rapid fungous development. 
 
 Scitrhies. 
 
 Resembles rind of bacon traversed 
 by cell ulb- fibrous septa. 
 Has a semi transparent glossiness. 
 
 Has a clear whitish ur bluish yet- 
 low tint. 
 
 s comparatWely ill-supplied with 
 vessels. 
 
 Is excuedingly firm and dense. 
 
 The progress of the disease after 
 ulceration is commonly very rapid. 
 
 It is the most common form undet 
 which secondary cancer exhibits it- 
 self. 
 
 Is the species 'of cancer most fre 
 quently observed in young iubjecis. 
 
 Has not been distinctly detected in 
 this situation. 
 
 The main microscnpical constitu- 
 ents are- juxtaposed ^nuclear celli; 
 caudate corpuscula do not exist in it 
 
 Rarely acqtiires larger dimensions 
 than an orange. 
 
 Its seat, as ascertained by ^observa- 
 tion, is somewhat more limited. 
 
 Is not unusually solitary. 
 
 Ordinarily grows slowly. 
 
 Is comparatively rarely the seat of 
 these changes. 
 
 Rtisembles, when softened, a yel 
 lowish brown semitrans parent gela- 
 tinous matter. 
 
 Scirrhus thus situate usually be- 
 comes adherent. 
 
 Scirrhous ulcers much less fre- 
 quently give rise to hemorrhage ; ani' 
 fungous growtks 'provided they re 
 tain thescirrlibus character) are now 
 more slowly and less abundantly de- 
 veloped. 
 
 There is not such a remarkable 
 change in the rate of progress of the 
 disease after ulceration has set in, 
 
 . Colloid. 
 
 Has the appearance of panicles pf 
 jelly Inlaid in a regular alvediar bed. 
 
 The contained matter is strikingly 
 transparent . 
 
 Greenish yeHow ii its predominant 
 hue. 
 
 Its vessels have not been suffi- 
 ciently examined os yet. 
 
 The jelly-like matter is exceedinsly 
 soft ; a coUoid mass i5,however, fiim 
 and resisting. 
 
 The pultaceous variety baa been 
 detected in the veins. 
 
 Is composed of sheila in a state of 
 emboitement. 
 
 Is much less common before pu- 
 berty. 
 
 Observes a mean in this respect. 
 f- 
 
 Has so far been seen in a limited 
 number of pans only. 
 
 Has rarely been met with' in more 
 than one or^ah- 
 
 Grows with a medium degree of 
 rapidity. 
 
 Undergoes no visible change of the 
 kind. 
 
 Has so far been observed inadulis 
 only. , 
 
 Cancer Alveolaris, Colloid. 
 
 Cancer Aqxtat'Icus, G-an'grenous stomati'- 
 tis, Cancrv/m Oris, Gangfas^iop' sis .^ Canker of, 
 the mouth. Gangrenous sore mozith. Sloughing 
 JPhagedg^na of the mouthy Water Canker : 
 called, , also, Aphthw serpen'tes, Gangres'na 
 Oris, NoTna, NomB, Nomus, Pseiidocarcino'- 
 'ma la'hii, Stomac'acl gangrano'sa, CheilocacSj 
 JJloc'acS, Uli'tis sep'tica, Gheilomala'cia, Sc6rhu'- 
 tus Oris, Stomatomala'cia pti'trida, Stoniatosep'' 
 sis, Stomatofieero'sis, Carbun' cuius lahio'rum 
 et gena'r-mn, 4*c. (F.) Cancer aquatique, Stoma- 
 tite ga/ngrinetise^ 5. Charbonneuse, Gangrene 
 
 de la Bouche, Sphace/e de la Bouche, Fegarite, 
 Aphtke gangreneux. Certain sloughing or gan- 
 grenous ulcers of the mouth, — so called, per- 
 hapSj because they are often accompanied with 
 an afflux of saliva. The disease is not uncom- 
 mon in. children's asylums, and demands the 
 same treatinent as hospital gangrene ; — the 
 employment of caustics, and t internal and ex- 
 ternal antiseptics. 
 
 CANCER .AQUATIQUE, Cancer aquati- 
 cus, Stomacace — c, Areolaire, Colloid — c. As- 
 tacus, see Cancrorum chelse — c. Black, Melano- 
 sis — c. Caminariprum, Cancer, chimney sweep- 
 
CANCER DE GALIEN 
 
 145 
 
 CANINE 
 
 era' — c. Cellular, Encephalpid — c. Cerelriforme, 
 see Encephaloid. 
 
 Cancer, Chimney-sweepers', Sootwart, 
 Cancer mwndito'rum, Cancer purgato'ris infu- 
 mic'uli. Cancer sea carcino'ina scroti. Cancer 
 eaminario'ru'm, Oscheocarcino'ma) Osfihocarci^ 
 no'ma, (F.) Cancer des Ramoneurs. This sif- 
 fection begins with a superficial, painful, irre- 
 gular ulcer with hard and elevated edges occu- 
 pying the lower part of, the scrotum. Extirpa- 
 tion of the part affected is the only means of 
 effecting a cure. 
 
 Cancer,. Davidson's Remedy for, see Coni- 
 um maculatum — c. du Foie^ Sdpatosarcomie — 
 c. Fibrous, Scirrhus. 
 
 Cancer Gale'ni, (F.) Cancer de Oalien. A- 
 bandage for the head, to which Cfalen gave the 
 name Cancer, from its eight heads resembling, 
 rudely, the claws of the crab. It is now sup- 
 plied by the bandage with six chefs or hea^, 
 whioh is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of 
 the Poor, 
 
 CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Gfaleni— 
 e. GelatiniforTne, Colloid — c. Gelatinous, Col- 
 loid — c. Hard, Scirrhus — c. Intestinorum, En- 
 teropathia cancerosa — c. des IntesHns, En- 
 teropathia cancerosa — c. of the Lung, Jhthisis, 
 cancerous — c. Lupus, Lupus^ — c.MeduUaris, En- 
 cephaloid — c. Melaeneus, Melanosis — c. Milane, 
 Melanosis — c. Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic. 
 
 CANCER,MELANOT'ic,Ca?ji;erme?a»M'(ie*,Ca?-- 
 dnq'mariielano'des. A combination of cancer 
 and melanosis. . , , 
 
 Cancer Mollis, see Encephaloid — -c, Mou, 
 Encephaloid — c.Munditorum, Cancer, chimney- 
 sweepers' — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalmus — c.Oris, 
 Stomacace — c. Ossis, Spina ventosa; — o. Pharyn- 
 gis et (Esophagi, Laemoscirrhus. — c. Purgatoris 
 infumiculi. Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c.Scir- 
 rhosus, Scirrhus- — c. Scroti, Canter, chimney- 
 sweepers? — c' Soft, Haemafodes fungus — c. of 
 the Stomach, Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica 
 — c. Uteri, Metro-carcinoma. 
 
 CANCiREUX, Cancerous. 
 
 CANCER' ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana, 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 CANCEROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CA'N'C^'KOV?s,Cancro'sus,Carcino'sus,(¥.') 
 Caneereux. Relating to cancer ; as Cancerous 
 uleffry Cancerous Diathesis, &c. 
 
 CANCHALA'GUA, Cachenlaguen, Caekin- 
 lagua, Ghancelaguaj Erythra'a Chilen'sis. A 
 bitter Chili plant, which is considered aperient, 
 sudorific, stomachic, vermifuge and febrifuge. 
 
 C ANCRENA, Gangrene. 
 
 CAN'CROID, Cancro'des, CancroVdes, Car- 
 dno'des, Careinoides, Cdncroi'deus, from can- 
 cer and tiios, ' form.' That which assumes a 
 cancerous appearance. Cancroid is a name 
 given to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert » 
 called also Cheloid or Keloid (/eAvc, ' a tor-^ 
 toise,' and si^oc, ' likeness,') from their Tpresenti 
 ing a flattish raised patch of integument, re- 
 sembling the shell of a tortoise. 
 
 CANCROMA, Carcinoma. 
 
 CANCRO'RUM CHEL^, Oi/uli vel £«/- 
 ides Cancro'nBm, LapiVli cancro'rv/ni, Concre- 
 men'ta Jis'tad jluviat'ilis. Crab's stonks or 
 eyes, (F.) Yeux d'eerevise. Concretions found, 
 particularly, in the vComoer As'taeus or Cray- 
 fish. They consist of carbonate sind pliosphate 
 of lime, and possess antacid virtues, but not 
 more than chalk. 
 
 CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancreuse. . 
 
 CANCRUM ORIS, Canqer Aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. 
 
 CANPELA, Bougie— c. Pumalis, Pastil — c. 
 Medicata, Bougie — c. Regia, Verbascum ni- 
 grum. 
 
 CANDEL.\RIA, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 CANDI, Candum, Canthvm, Can'tion: 
 ' white, bleached, purified.' Purified and crys- 
 tallized sugar. See Saciharum. 
 
 CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi. 
 
 CANE, SUGAR, seeSaccharum — c. Sweet, 
 Acorus calamus. 
 
 Ci4J\ffii^, Grooved. 
 
 CANELLA, see Canella alba. 
 
 Canel'la Alba, diminutive of Canna, ' a 
 r6ed,' BO called because the bark i^ rolled up 
 like a reed. Cortex Winiera'nus sjm'Hus, Ca- 
 nella, Cnba'na, C. Wintera'nia, Cinnamo'mwm 
 album. Cortex Antiseorbu'ticus, C. Aromat'icus, 
 Costus cortieo'sus, Camin'ga, Canella of Lin- 
 naeus, and of Ph. U. S., Canella Barh, Canella, 
 (F.) Canelle ou Canelle blanche, Faitsse Acorce 
 de Winter, icoree Cafiocostine. Fam. Magno- 
 liaceae. Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia. 
 This bark is a pungent aromatic. Its virtues 
 are partly extracted by water ; entirely by al- 
 cohol. It is a stimulant, and is added to bit- 
 ters and cathartics. 
 
 Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryo- 
 phyllata — c. Cubana, C. alba, Lauras cassia — 
 c. Malabarica et Javensis, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Lanrns 
 cassia. 
 
 CANEPIN, (F.) A fime lamb's skin or 
 goat's skin, used for trying the quality of lan- 
 
 CA^NICACEOUS, Furfuraceons. 
 
 CaN'ICjE. Meal, in which there is much 
 bran. Also, coarse bread ; or bread in vvhich 
 there is much bran — Panis Caniea'ceus. 
 
 CANICIDA, Aconitum. 
 
 CANIC'ULA ; the Dogstar, from camis, ' a 
 dog ;' Sjijioc, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star,, 
 which gives its name to the JDogdaysi Dies eor- 
 . nicuia'res, because they commence when the 
 sip rises with it, was formerly believed to ex- 
 eft a powerful influence on the animal econo- 
 my." The Dog-days occur at a period" pf the 
 year when there is generally great and oppres- 
 sive heat, and therefore^t has been conceived 
 — a greater liability to disease. 
 
 C^JVJF, Knife 
 
 CANIN, Canine. , 
 
 CANINAN^ RADIX, Caincae radix. 
 
 CANINE, Cani'nus^ Gyri'icus, xuitxnc, from 
 canis, ' a dog.' (F.) Canin. That which has 
 a resemblance to the structure, &c., of a dog. 
 
 Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, InfraorHtar 
 or Suborlitar fossa, (F.) -Fosse Canine. A 
 small depression on the superior inaxillary 
 bone, above the dens cdninus, which gives 
 attachment to the caninus or levator anguU 
 oris muscle. 
 
 Canine Laugh, Sardon'ic laugh,Risus Cani'- 
 nus seu Sardon'icus seu Sardo'nius, R. de Sar- 
 do'nia,R.involunta'rius,R.spas'ticus',Tortu'ra 
 Oris, Distor'sio Oris, Gelas'mus, Sardi'asis, 
 Sardoni'asis, THsrmis Sardon'icus seu cyn'icus. 
 Spasmus m/usctilorwm faciei seu cyn'icus, (P.) 
 Ris canin, R. Sardonique, R. Sardonien, R. mo- 
 queur, A sort of laugh, the facial expression of 
 which is produced particularly by the spasmodic 
 
CANINUS 
 
 146 
 
 CAPBERN, WATERS OF 
 
 contraction of the Caninus muscle. Probably, 
 this expression, as well as Cynie Spasm, Spas- 
 mus caninus seu eyn'iciis, Convul'sio cani'na, 
 Trismus cyn'icus, may have originated in the 
 resemblance of the affection to certain move- 
 ments in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus 
 Sardon'icus is said to have been so called from 
 similar symptoms having been induced by a 
 kind of Raui^culus that grows in Sardinia. 
 
 Canine Tsbts, Denies Casu'iai, Cynodon'tes; 
 D. Lania'ni, JD. langula'res, cuspida'ti, eolu- 
 mellafres, ociAdres, morden'tes. Eye Teith, 
 (F.) Dents canines, laniaires, anguhires, oeu- 
 laires, ceilleres ou conoides. The teeth be- 
 tween the lateral incisors and small molires, 
 of each jaw fc — so named because they resemble 
 the teeth of the dog.' 
 
 CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — c. Selitis, 
 Rosa canina — c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh. 
 CANIRAM, Strychnos xtax. vomica. 
 CANIRUBUS, Rosa-canina. 
 CANTS INTERFECTOR, V^ritrum saba^ 
 billa — c. Ponticus, Castor fiber. 
 
 CANIT"IES, from canus, ' white.' White- 
 ness or grayness of the hair, and especially of 
 that of the head. (^ .) Canitie. When occur- 
 ring in consequence of old age it is not a dis- 
 ease. Sometimes, it happens suddenly, and ap- 
 parently in consequ'ence of severe meiital emo- 
 tion. The causes, however, are not clear. 
 See Poliosis. 
 
 CANKER, ■Stomacace— c. of the Mouth, 
 Cancer aquaticus — c. Water, Cancer aquaticus. 
 C ANNA, see Tous-les-Mois, Cassia fistula. 
 Trachea — c. Brachii, Ulna— c. Domestica cru- 
 ris, Tibia — c. Fistula, Cassia fistula'— c.Indica, 
 Sagittarium alexipharmacum — c. Major, Tibia 
 — c. Minor, Fibula, Radius-:-c. Solutiva, Cas- 
 sia fistula. ' 
 
 CANlNfABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also, 
 Churrus, and Gunjah. 
 
 Can'nabis SatI'va, (F.) Chanvre, Chamhrie. 
 The see«l of this — Hempseed, Sem'ina Can'na- 
 bis, (F.) Chenevis, is oily and mucilaginous. 
 The decoction is sometimes ilsed in gonorrl^cea. 
 CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Cur- 
 cuma longa. 
 
 GANNAMELLE, see Saccharum. 
 CANNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus 
 — c. Congo, Costus — c. de Rivikre, Costus — c. 
 ci Sucre, see Saccharum. 
 
 CANNEBERGB, Vaccinium oxycoccos — 
 e. Ponctuie, Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
 
 CANNELM ou CANELi, (F.)from cana'- 
 lis, ' a canal :' Sulca'tus, Stria'tus, Caiyilicu- 
 Xa'tus. Having a canal or groove-^as Muscle 
 cannele (Lieutaud,) the Gemini; Corp* can- 
 neles ou stHes, the Corpora striata ; Sonde can- 
 nelee, a grooved sound, &c. See Grooved. 
 
 CANNELLE, Laurus cinnamomum^c. 
 Blanche, Canella alba — c. de la Chine, Laurus 
 cassia — c. de Coromandel, Laurus cassia — c. 
 Fausse, Laurus cassia-^c. Girq^e'e, Myrtus ca- 
 ryophyllata — c. des iwiiei, Laurus cassia — c.de 
 Java, Laurus cassia — c. de Malabar, Laurus 
 cassia^c. Matte, Laurus cassia^-c. Officinale,. 
 Laurus cinnamomum— c. Poivrie, see Wintera 
 aromatica. 
 
 CANNULA, Caniila. 
 CANNULA PULMONUM, Bronchia. 
 CANOPUM, see Sambucus. 
 CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement 
 mitalligue. 
 
 CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica. 
 
 CANTABRUNO, Furfur. 
 
 CANTARELLUS, Melo.e proscarabsus. 
 
 CANTATIO, Charm. 
 
 CANTERBURY, WATER'S OT,Aqud<!o>,. 
 tuarien'ses. The waters of Canterbury in Kent, 
 England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur, 
 and carbonic acid. 
 
 CANTERIUM, Cantherius. 
 
 CANTHARIDE TACHETAE, Lytta vit- 
 tata. 
 
 CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis. ■ 
 
 CAN'THARIS, from xartfajos, 'a scaraix- 
 us;' Musca Hispari'icar Mel'pg vesicata'rim, 
 Cantharis vesicato'na, I/ytta vesieato'fia; Blis- 
 tering Fly, 'Spanish Fly,Fly, (F.) Camtharides, 
 Mouches, M. d'Espagne. This fly- is much 
 employed in mediclnel It is the most common 
 vesicatory. Given internally, and even when 
 absorbed from the skin, it affects the urinary 
 organs, exciting strangury. This may he pre- 
 vented, in cases of blisters, by interposing be- 
 tween the blistering plaster and skin a piece of 
 tissue paper. Diluents will relieve the stran- 
 gury. Dose, half a grain to one grain. If kept 
 dry, the flies will retain their activity for many 
 years. Their active principle, Can'iharidin, 
 Cantharidi'na, has been separate4 frontthem. 
 
 Canthaeis Vittata, Lytta. Vittata. 
 
 CANTHE'RIUS, Cante'Hum. The cross- 
 piece of wood in the apparatus used by Hippo- 
 crates for reducing luxations of the humerus. 
 
 C ANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canthus 
 of the eye. 
 
 CANTHOPLAS'TICR, from xo»«os, 'the 
 angle of the eye,' and. niaa.Tixos, 'formative.' 
 The formation, by plastic operation, of the angle 
 of the eye. 
 
 CANTHUM, Candi. 
 
 CANTHUS, Epican'this, An'gulus oevla'- 
 ris, Fons lachryma'rum. The corner or angle 
 of the eye. The greater _ canthus is the ivmr 
 angle, Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter; the lesser 
 canthus, the outer angle, Paro'pia, Pega. 
 
 CANTIA-NUS PTJLVIS. A cordial powder, 
 knofrn under the name, ' Countess of Kent's 
 powder,' composed of coral, amber, crab's eyes, 
 prepared pearls, &c. It was given in cancer. 
 CANTION, Candi. . 
 
 GAN'ULA, Can'nula,Au'liseus, Aulas. Bi- 
 minutive of Canna, 'a, reed j' Tu'bulus,iJ.) 
 Canule ou Cannule. A small tube of gold, 
 silver, platinum, iron, lead, wood, or elastic 
 gurri, used for various purposes in surgery. 
 
 C A'OUTCHOUC . The Indian name for In- 
 dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum,, Gum Elastic, C(m- 
 ch-uc, Resi'na elAs'tica, Cdjyenne Resin, Caitt- 
 chuc. A substance formed from the milky 
 juice of PCsev.ea seu Hevea Guianen'sis, J'0i'- 
 ropha elas'tica seu Siphp^ia Cahjichu, ,S. 
 elas/ticn, Ficus Iridica, and Artoear' put inte- 
 grifo'lia; — South American trees. It is inso- 
 luble in water and alcohol; but boiling water 
 softens and swells it. It is insoluble in the es- 
 sential oils and in ether, when it may be blown 
 into bladders. It is used in the fabrication of 
 catheters, bougies, pessaries, &c. 
 CAPA-ISIAKKA: Bromelia ananas. 
 CAPBERN, WATERS OF. Capbern is 
 in the department Hautes-Pyrfenfees, France. 
 The waters contain sulphates and carbonates 
 I of lime and magnesia, and chloride of magne- 
 
CAPBLET 
 
 14T 
 
 CAPSICUM 
 
 sium. Temperature, 75° Fahrenheit. They 
 are purgative. 
 
 CAPE LET, Myrtus caryophyllata. 
 
 CAPELI'NA, QapeUi'na,'iF-)CapeHne; 'A 
 Woman's Hat, in French; Capif'trwm, from 
 caput, ' head.' A sort of bajidagfa, which, in 
 shape, resembles a riding-hood. There are se- 
 veral kinds of Coyeiiraes. 1. That of the head, 
 Q. de la the, Fas'eia capita'lis. See Bonnet 
 d'Hippocrate. -C. of the ehiiicle, employed in 
 fractures of the acromion, clavicle and spine of 
 the scapula. C. of an amputated /imi— the 
 bandage applied round the stump. 
 
 CAPELLINA, Capelina. 
 
 CAPER BUSH, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia It^thyris. 
 
 CAPERS, see Capparis .spinosa. 
 
 CAPETUS, Imperforation. 
 
 CAPHORA, Camphor. 
 
 CAPHURA, Camphor. 
 
 CAPILLAIRE, Capillaryi see Adiantum 
 capilhis veneris — e. du Canada, Adiantum pe- 
 datum — e. de MontpelUer, Adiantum capillus 
 veneris. 
 
 CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from Capillus, 'a 
 hair,' CapiUi"tiwm, Trieho'ma, Trichoma' tion. 
 Any villous or hairy covering. Also, a small 
 fibre or fibril. 
 
 CAP'ILLARY, Capilla'ris, Capilla'eeus, 
 from capillus, ' a hair.' (F.) Capillaire. Hair- 
 like; small. 
 
 Cap'illaet Vessels, Vasa eapilla'ria, (F.) 
 Vaisseaux capiilaires, are the extreme radicles 
 of the arteries and veins, with^perhaps a spongy 
 tissue or parenchyma betv\feen the two. These, 
 together, constitute the oapillury^ ihferm^diate, 
 ox peripheral vascular system^ Jn this system, 
 secretion and'nutrition are performed, and ani- 
 mal heat is probajbly elicited. They possess 
 an action distinct froni that of the heart, and 
 are the.seat of febrile, inflammatory and other 
 diseases. 
 
 CAPILLATIO, Trichismus, 
 
 C APILL ATUS, Impuber, 
 
 CApiLLlTIUM,Capillamentum,Entropion, 
 Scalp. 
 
 CAPILLORUM. DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia, 
 
 CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Piltis, Coma, 
 Chaete, Crinis, Pi/us, Thrix, Csesa'ries, (F.) 
 Cheveu. This term is generally apj)lied to the 
 hair of the head, PiU seu Honor capitis, the 
 characters of which , vary, accordiiig to races, 
 individuals, &c. Hairs arise in the cellular 
 membrane, where the bulb is placed, and are 
 composed of two parts — one, external, tubular, 
 and transparent, of an epidermoid character ; 
 the other, internal and sui generis, which com- 
 municates to them .their colour. The hair is 
 insensible^ and grows from the root. 
 
 Capillus Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum. 
 
 CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'mwm, from 
 caput, ' the head,' and plemtm, ' full.' A word, 
 employed with .different dgnifications. A va- 
 riety of catarrh. — Schneider. A heaviness or 
 disorder in the head common at Rome, like the 
 M^ri^9,^iii, Carebaria, of the Greeks.' — BagUvi. 
 
 CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis. 
 
 CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus 
 — c. Auri, Borax. " 
 
 Capis'teum, Phimos, Cemos, xtifiog, ' a hal- 
 ter.' This name has been given, to several 
 bandages for the head. — See Cfipeline, Che- 
 vestre. 
 
 CAPITALIA REMEDIA, Cephalic reme- 
 dies. 
 
 CAPITALIS, Cephalic. 
 
 CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput. 
 
 CAPITEUX, Heady. 
 
 CAPITILU'VIUM, from caput, ' the head,' 
 and tavare, ' to wash.' A bath for the head. 
 
 CAPITIPLENlUM, Capiplenium. 
 
 CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia. 
 
 CAPITITRAHA, from caput, ' the head,' 
 and trahire, ' to draw.' Instruments which, 
 like the forceps, draw down the head when im- 
 pacted in the pelvis. 
 
 CAPITCNES, from caput, 'the head.' Ma- 
 crdceph'ali, Proceph'ali. Fcetuses whose heads 
 are so large as to render labour difficult. 
 
 CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Ca- 
 put — c. Costae, see Costa' — c, Laryngis, Corni- 
 culum laryngis — c. Martis, Eryngium campes- 
 tre — c. Santorini, Corniculum laryngis. 
 
 CAPITULUVIUM, Bath, (head.) 
 
 CAPNISMOS, Fumigation. 
 
 CAPNITIS, tutia. 
 , CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa. 
 
 CAPNOS, Fumaria. 
 
 CAPON, Cagot. 
 
 CAPOT, Cagot. . 
 
 CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cdp'parisi Cappar, 
 Ca'pria, PripHy Caper Bush, (F.) Caprier. 
 Family, CapparideaB. Sex. Syst. Polyandria 
 Monogynia. The bark of the root, and the 
 buds, iMive been esteemed astringent and diure- 
 tic' The buds are a well known pickle.— Co- 
 yer*, (F.) C&pres. 
 
 CATFjLiii^ Bavvc'ca, BaduH'ia. A species of 
 caper, culfivat'ed in India on account of the 
 beauty of its flowers. The Orientals make a 
 liniment with its juice", with which they rub 
 pained parts. The .flowers are purgative. 
 
 CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, 
 in the isle of Ischia, are waters containing car- 
 bonate of soda, chloride of sodium and carbo- 
 nate of ;ime. Temp. 100° Fah. 
 
 CAPREOLA'RIS, -from capreolus, 'a ten- 
 dril.' Cisso'ides, Elicdides, (F.) Capreolaire. 
 Twisted. 
 
 Capreola'ria Vasa. Some have called thus 
 the spermatit arteries and veins, on account of 
 their numerous contortions. 
 
 CAPREOLUS, Helix. 
 
 CJPRES, see Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRICORNUS, Pluriibum. 
 
 CApRIER, Capparis spinosa. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIA) Lonicera periclyraenum. 
 
 •CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony. 
 
 CAPRIZANS PULSUS,, see Pulse, capri- 
 zant. 
 
 CAPSA, Botte, Capsule, Case^c. Cordis, 
 Pericardium. 
 
 CAPSARIUM, Bokier. 
 
 CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum. 
 
 Cap'sioom An'ntidm, from xotTtro?, *I bite.' 
 The systematic name of the plant whence Cay- 
 enne Pepper is obtained, — Piper In'dicum seu 
 Hispan'icwm, Soli^num urens, Siliquas'trum 
 Plin'ii, Piper Brazitia'nv/m, Piper Guineen'sS, 
 piper Calecu'ticum, Piper Tur'aicnm., C. His- 
 pan'ieum. Piper Laisitan'-icwm, Cayenne Pep- 
 ,per, Gufn'ea Pepper, (F.) Piment, Poivre 
 d'Inde, Poivre de Guinee, Corail des Ja/rdins. 
 The pungent, aromatic properties of Bacca 
 
CAPSIQVE 
 
 148 
 
 CARANNA 
 
 Cap'sici, Capsicum Berries , Capsicum (Ph. U. 
 S.), are yielded to ether, alcohol, and water. 
 They are highly stimulant and rubefacient, and 
 are used as a condiment. Their active princi- 
 ple is called Capsinn. 
 
 Capsiou*! Hispanictjm, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSIQUB, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 CAPSITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CAPSULA, Boitier — c. AfticulariB, Capsu- 
 lar ligament — c- Cordis, Pericardium — c. Ben- 
 til, Dental follicle — c. Lentis, see Crystalline 
 — c. Nervorum,' Netirilemma. 
 
 CAPSULE SEMINALES, Vesiculae S.— c, 
 Synoviales, Bursae mucosae. 
 
 CAPSULAIRE, CapsulnT. ^ i 
 
 CAP'SULAR. Relating to a capsula or cap- 
 sule. Capsula'ris, (F.) Capsulaire. . 
 
 Capstilak Arieeies, Suprare'nal Arteries 
 and Veins. Vessels,, belonging to the suprare- 
 nal capsules. They are divided into superior, 
 middle, and inferior. The first proceed from 
 the inferior phrenic, the second from the aorta 
 itself, and the third from the renal artery. ' The 
 corresponding veins enter the phreiiic, vena 
 cava, and renal. 
 
 Capsular Lie'AMEN'r, ligarnien'twrn capsu- 
 l^'rS, Gap^sula articula'ris^ Artic'ular capsule. 
 Fibrous capsule, &c., (F.) Ligament capsu- 
 laire, Capsule articulaire. Capsule fijireux, 
 &c. Membranous, fibrous, and elastic bags or 
 capsules, of' a whitish consistence, thick, and 
 resisting, which surround joints. 
 
 CAPSULE, Cap'sula, Cdpsa, a box, or case, 
 (F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by 
 anatomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each 
 other. 1 I . 
 
 Capsule, Fibrous, Capsular ligament. 
 
 Capsule, Gelat'inous, Cap'sula gelat'ince. 
 Capsule of gelatiji. A modern invention by 
 which copaiba and other disagreeable oils can 
 be enveloped in gelatin so as to conceal their 
 taste. 
 
 Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sufa Glisso'nii, 
 C. commu'nis Glisso'nii, Vagi'na Pbrtce, V". 
 Glisso'jjii. a sort of membrane, Seacribed by 
 Glisson, which is nothing more than dense cel- 
 lular membrane surrounding the v^na porta and 
 its ramifications in the liver. 
 
 Capsule op the Heart, Cap'sula cordis. 
 The pericardium, (q. v.) 
 
 Capsule, Renal, C. Suprarenal oi Atrabil'- 
 iary "Renal Gland, Glan'dula sibprarena'lis, 
 Cap'sula rena'lis, suprarenaHis vel atrabilia'- 
 ris, Ren succenturic^tus, Nephrid'ium, (F.) 
 Capsule surrenale ou atrabiliuixe. A flat, tri- 
 angular body, which covers the upper part of 
 the kidney, as with a helmet. A hollow cavity 
 in the interior contains a brown, reddish or yel- 
 lowish fluid. The renal capsules were long 
 supposed to be the secretory organs of the fan- 
 cied atrabilis. They are much larger in the 
 foetus than in the adult. Their uses are not' 
 known. 
 
 Capsule, SEM'iNAi,,Cgp'«Mlo«eOTiraa'/M. Bar- 
 tholine thus designates the extremity of the 
 vas deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the 
 vicinity of the vesiculae seminales. Some ana- 
 tomists apply this name to the vesicula them- 
 selves. , 
 
 Capsule, Syno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis. 
 A membranous bag, surrounding all the mova- 
 ble articulations and canals, which gives pas- 
 sage to tendons. Synovial capsules exhale, 
 
 from their articular surfaee, a fluid, whose 
 function is to favour the motions of parts upon 
 each other. See Bursa mucosa, and Synovia. 
 
 CAPSULE SVRRlNALE ou ATKABI- 
 LIARE, Capsule, renal. 
 
 CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
 
 CAPVCHON, Trapezius. 
 
 C^PZJC/JVE, Tropaeolum majus. 
 
 CAPULIES, Pruniis capulih., 
 
 CAPULUS; Scrotum. 
 
 CAPUT, 'the head,' (q. v.) Also, the top 
 of a bone or other part; (F.) T^te. The head 
 of small bones is sometimes termed eapifti- 
 iumi, capitell'um, eephalid'imn, ceph'aKs', a- 
 phaL'ium. Also, the glabs penis:^ 
 
 Caput AsFebje ARTERiiE, Larynx-^eiCoIi, 
 Caecum — c. Gallinsiceum, see^ Grallinagihis caput 
 — c. Gailinaginis, see Gallinaginis caput — o. 
 Genitale, Glans — c, Lubricum, Penis— <;. Mo- 
 nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum — c. Obstipum, 
 Torticollis — e. Penis, Glahs. , 
 
 Caput Pur'gia, Capitipur'gia. Reme"8ie8, 
 which the ancients regarded as proper- for 
 purging the head : — errkines, sternutatories, ap- 
 phlegmatisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes 
 the capiu purgia to be the same as erihines; 
 and the dpophlegmioismi the same as the mas- 
 ticatories of the moderns. 
 
 Caput Scapul^e, Acromion. 
 
 Caput Succeda'neum. A term sometimes 
 used for the tumefied scalp, which first presents 
 in certain cases of labour. 
 
 Caput Testis, ' Epididymis, 
 
 CAQUE-SANGUE, Cague-sangue. Old 
 French words which signify Bloody evaem- 
 tions, (F.) Dejections- sanguinolentes^ They 
 come trora cacare, ' to go to stool,' and sanguis, 
 ' blood.' Under this term was x:'omi)rehended 
 every affection, in which blood is discharged 
 from the bowels. 
 
 C ARA ?iCTXUJAA,FrwtexIn'dicus spino'sia, 
 Barle'ria huxifo'lia. A l^alabar plant, which, 
 when applied externally, is maturative and re- 
 solvent. The decoction of its root is used, in 
 the' country, in ischiiria. 
 
 CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of 
 India, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like 
 th^t of the clove. Its decoction and infusion 
 are given as stoipachic and antiscorbutic. 
 
 CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous in- 
 sects. Two species, the chrysdceph'ahis -and 
 ferrugin'eus, have been recommmended for the 
 toothache. They must be pressed between the 
 fingers, and then rubbed on the gum and tooth 
 affected. 
 
 CARACTkRE, Character. 
 
 CARAGNA, Caranna. 
 
 CARAMATA, Artemari. A tree in the in- 
 land parts of Pomeroon. It furnishes a fehri- 
 fuge bark, which Dr. Hancock says may be 
 used in typhoid and remittent fevers where the 
 cinchona is either useless oJ pernicious. 
 
 CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola. 
 
 CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacam/ihaca, Carag- 
 na, Caran'nse Gummi, G. Breli'sis, Gum Ca- 
 ran'na, (F.) Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou C«- 
 rane. A gum-resinous substance, which ilows 
 from a large tree in New Spain, and is obtained 
 from South America in impure masses. It pre- 
 serves it? softness for a long time, has an aro- 
 matic smell, and a slightly acrid and bitter 
 taste. It was formerly used as a vulnerary 
 and in plasters. 
 
CARAWAY 
 
 149 
 
 CARCINUS SPONGIOStJS 
 
 CARAWAY, Carum. 
 
 CARBASA, Linteum. 
 CARBASUS, Linteum. 
 . CARBO, Carbo Ligni, Charcoal, (F .) Char- 
 hon. Fresh Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used 
 to improve the digestive organs in cases of 
 worms, dyspepsia, &c.; as a cataplasm to gan- 
 grenous and fetid ulcers, tinea, &c., and forms 
 a good tooth-powder. Doscjgr. x. togj. Also, 
 Anthrax, (q. v.) 
 
 Carbo Anima'i.is, Carl/o earnis, Animal 
 dupfeoal, (F.) Charbon animal. In the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States, it is directed to 
 be prepared from hones. It is given in the 
 same cases as the Carbo I/igni, and has been 
 extolled in cancer. Dose, gr. ss. to gi;. iij. 
 
 The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con- 
 tains a formula for the preparation of Cakbo 
 Anima'lis Pukifica'tus, purified animal char- 
 eaal (^Carbon, animal, fbj; Acid muriat., Aquai 
 aa! f. .^xij.) Pour the muriatic acid, previously 
 mixed with the water, gradually upon the char- 
 coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days, 
 occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al- 
 lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour 
 off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal 
 frequently with water until it is entitely free 
 from acid, and lastly dry it. 
 
 Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal. 
 
 Carbo Hcma'num. The human excrement. 
 — Paracelsus. 
 
 Oabbo Miner ahs, Grr.phites'^-ci Palpebra- 
 rum, Anthracosis — c, Spongiae, Spongia usta. 
 
 CARBON, SESQUI-IODIDE OF, Carbo- 
 nis sesqui-iodidum — c.Bisulphuretof, Carbonis 
 snlphuretum — e. Sulphuret of, Carbonis sul- 
 phuretum — c. Terchloride of, Chloroform. 
 
 CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS. A carbo- 
 nate. (F.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by* the 
 cOTnbination of carbonic acid with a salifiable 
 base. ' 
 
 Carbonas Natiiicdm, SodsE carbonas. 
 
 CARBONATE. D'AMMONIAQUE, Am- 
 monise carbonas. ' 
 
 CAR'BONATED,Cario?jo'«««,XeWt«j,(F.) 
 Carbone, Aire. That which is impregnated 
 with carbonic acid. 
 
 CARBON^i Carbonated; 
 
 CARBON'IC ACID, Ac"idwm Carbon'ieum, 
 Solid Air of Hales, Factitious Air, Fixed Air, 
 Cdrbona'ceotis -Acid, Calca'reous Add, Aerial 
 Acid, Mepkit'ic Add, Spir'itus htha'lis, (F.') 
 Adde Carboniqiee. This gas, which nei- 
 ther supports respiration nor combustion, is 
 not; often used in medicine. It is the main 
 agent iA effervescent draughts, fermenting^ 
 poultices, &c. It is often found occupying the 
 lower parts of mines — when it is called the choie 
 ddmp — ;caverns, tombs, wells, brewers' vats, 
 &c., and not unirequentlyhas been the cause of 
 death. Lime thrown into such places soon ab- 
 sorbs the acid. 
 
 CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IO'DipU'M, C. Ses- 
 qui-Iodure'tum, Sesgtii-J'odide or Sesqiii-Iod'zi^ 
 ret of Carbon. This is made by mixing concen- 
 trated alcoholic solutions of iodine and pota^sa, 
 until the former loses its colour; a solutionis 
 obtained from which water throws down a yel- 
 low precipitate — the sesqui-iodide of'earbon. It 
 has been used in enlarged glands and in some 
 cutaneous affections, applied externally, (gss, 
 to gvj. of cerate.) 
 
 CaEBo'NIS SuLPHURE'TUM,S«/^A«r«'«lrt» Car- 
 
 ba'nii, Sul'fidum Carbo'nii, Carla'nium Sulphti- 
 ra'tiim,Al'cohol Sul'phuris,Bisulphure'tum Car- 
 bo'nii, Sulphuret of Carbon, Bisulphuret of Car- 
 bon, Carburet of Sulphur,(F,) Sulfurede Carbon, 
 This transparent, colourless fluid, whiph has a 
 very penetrating, disagreeable odour, and a 
 taste which is cooling at first, but afterwards 
 acrid and somewhat aromatic, is a difiusible 
 excitant. It is diaphoretic, diuretic, and has 
 been said to have proved emmenagogue. It it 
 also used in nervous diseases as an antispasnlo- 
 dic. Dose, , one 'drop to four^- repeated fre- 
 quently. 
 
 It is used externally, where a cooling influ- 
 ence has to be rapidly exerted. 
 
 CARBONIUM SULPHURATUM, Carbonis 
 sulphuretum. 
 
 CARBUNCLE, Anthrax— c. Fungous, Ter- 
 minthus — c. of the Tongue, Glossanthrax — c. 
 Berry, Terminthus. 
 CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea. 
 CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM, Anthri- 
 cia. 
 
 CARBUNCULATiO OCULI, Blepharan- 
 thracosis. 
 
 CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax— c. Anginosus, 
 Cynanche maligna — c. Labiorum et genarum, 
 Cancer aquaticus — c. Pulmonum, Necropneu- 
 monia. 
 
 Carbun'oulus Rubi'kus. A red, shining, 
 and transparent stone, frpm the Isle of Ceylonj 
 formerly employed in medicine as a preserva- 
 tive against several poisons, the jplague, &c. 
 
 Carbunculus ULOtrsoTjLosus, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 CAR'CAROS, from xaQxatqm, ' I resoiind,' 
 ' I tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has 
 a general tremor, accompanied with an unceas- 
 ing noise in the ears. 
 
 CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse. 
 CARCINOIDES,^ Cancroid. 
 CARCINOMA, 6'awcero'»8a,CoMcro'«!a, from 
 xoQxivoq, 'a crab.' Some authors have thus 
 called indole'nt tumours different from cancer; 
 others, incipient cancer ; arid others, again, the 
 species of cancer in which the affected structure 
 assumes the appearance of cerebral substance; 
 but the majority- of authors use Carcinoma in 
 the same sense as Cancet. 
 
 Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid — c. Fibro- 
 sum, Scirrhus-^c. Haematodes, Hsematodes fun- 
 gus — c. Intestinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa — 
 c. LingusB, Glossocarcinoma — c, of the Liver, 
 Hepatoscirrhns — c.Medullare,Encephaloid — c. 
 Melanodes,Cancer,mqlanctic — cMelanoticum, 
 Melanosis — c. Simplex, Scirrhus — c. Spongio- 
 sum, Encephaloid, Haematodes fungus — c . Scroti, 
 Cancer, Chimney sweepers' — c. Uteri, Metro- 
 carcinoma, Metroscirrhus— c. Ventriculi, Gas-, 
 troscirrhiis ; see Gastrostenosis cardiaca et py- 
 lorica. 
 
 CARCINOM'ATOUS. Relating to Cancer. 
 CaRCINOME MOU ET SPONGIETTX, 
 Encephaloid — e. Sanglante, Encephaloid, Hae- 
 matodes fungus. 
 
 CARCINOS, Cancer. 
 
 CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karsinosen, from xot- 
 xiro?, 'a crab;' J A family of disisases, accord- 
 ing to the classificatioii of Fuchs; which em- 
 braces the different forms of Cancer. 
 CARCINOSUS, Cancerous. 
 CARCINUS SPONGIOSUS, Encep^igiloid. 
 
CAKDAMANTICA 
 
 150 
 
 £!ARDIOMALACIA 
 
 CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine piatensis, 
 Liepidinin Iberis. 
 
 CAEDAMINDUM MINUS, Tropaeolum 
 majus. 
 
 CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisynlbrium 
 nasturtium. 
 
 Cakdami'me Praten'sis, Cardami'iil; Carda- 
 man'tica, Nastur'tiwrn, Aquat'icitm, Car'damon, 
 Gulifloa, Ile'rif soph'ia, Nastur'tium praten'sl. 
 Ladies-amoek, Cuckoo-flower, Comimon Bitter 
 Cnis, (F.) Cresson eligant, Cresson des pres, 
 Passerage sauvage. Ord. Ciaciieise. The flow- 
 ers have been considered useful as antispasmo- 
 dics, in the dose of 3J. to gij. They are pro- 
 bably inert. 
 
 CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amoihum carda- 
 momum. 
 
 CARDAMOMB, Amonium cardamomum^- 
 c. de'la C6te de Malabar, Amomum cardamo- 
 mum. 
 
 CARDAMOMUM MAJtTS, Amomum gra- 
 na paradisi — c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum 
 — c. Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi. 
 
 CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CARD&RE, Dipsacus sylvestris — c. Cultivi, 
 Dipsacus fullonum. 
 
 CARDIA, xa^Sia, ' the .heart,'" Sio.Jn'ocAw*, 
 Orififivm ii/ids'trum seu Ingrts'sus supe'rior 
 ventric'uli. The superior or (Esophageal orifice 
 of the stova3,c\i,-r-Orific"ium ventric'uli sinia'- 
 trum. Also, the Heart, (q. v.) 
 
 CARTJIAC, Cardi'acua, from xagSiix, 'the 
 heart j' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (P.) 
 Cardiaque. Relating to the heart or to the 
 upper orifice of the stomach. A cordial, (q. v.) 
 
 Cardiac Ar'tbries, Cor'anary arteriea, (F.) 
 Arthrea cardiaques ou coronairea, are two in 
 number. They arise from the aorta, a little 
 above the free e^gp of the gigmoid \calvfis, and 
 are distributed on both surfaces of the heart. 
 
 Cardiac Ganglion, Cardiac plexus.. 
 
 Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfs oardiagtiea. 
 These are commonly three on each side; a au- 
 perior, middle and inferior, which are furnished 
 bycortespondingcervicalganglia. Commonly, 
 there are but two on the left, side ;■ the upper 
 and middle, which, draw their origin from the 
 last two cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the su- 
 perior — C. auperfida'lia ; the middle — C. pro--, 
 fun'dua or C mignus; and the inferior- — C. 
 parvus. There are, besides. Cardiac fil'ami^rita, 
 (F.) Fileta cardiaques, furnished by the par 
 vagum or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become 
 confounded with the above. 
 
 Cardiac Plexus, Gan'glion cardiacum. Car- 
 diac ganglion. A nervous net- work, formed by 
 the diflferent nerves above mentioned. It is si- 
 tuate at the posterior part of the aorta, near its 
 origin. It affords numerous branches, which 
 are distributed to the heart and great vessels. 
 
 Cardiac Veins, Coronary veins, (F.) Veines 
 Cardiaques, are commonly four in number ; two 
 anterior and two posteribr. They open into 
 the right auricle by one orifice, which is fur- 
 nished with a valve, and is called, by Portal, 
 Sinus coronaire du Cceur. . 
 
 CARDIACA CRISPA, Leonurus cardiaca.— 
 c. Passio, Cardialgia. 
 CARDlACUS, Cordial, Stomachal. 
 CARDIA6MUS, Cardialgia. 
 CARDI'AGRA, Affec'tio arthrit'ica cordia; 
 
 from iojJio, 'the heart,' and ay^a, 'seizure.' 
 Gout of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAG'RAPHY, Cardiagra'phia, fjom 
 xafjiia, 'the heart,' and y^aifti, 'a description.' 
 An anatomical description of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAL'GIA, Cdr.di'aca Pa^aio, Col'iea 
 Ventric'uli, Spasmus Ventric'uli, Perodyvlia, 
 Cordo'livm, Cardilee'a, Dyapejpsitdyn'ia, Dys. 
 nanxindt/n'ia. Dii'soevtddvh'id. Per'atfidviififi 
 
 pepsiodyn'ia, Dyapeptodyh'id, jreratoayWia, 
 Cardiod'yni, Gastral'gid,'Gasteral'gia, Gditn- 
 col'ia, Geiatrod'^nS,Pas'sio Cdrdi'ac(i, Stomach- 
 dl'gia, Gastrodyn'ia, Stom'acal'gia, Cardi'acns 
 Morbus, Cordibg'mus: from xojJio,' the cardiac 
 orifice of the stomach,' and aiyas, ' pain :' Pan 
 jof the stomach, (F.) Douleur de I'Estomac, D. 
 ■nevralgique de I'Estomac : also, Hea^thim^ (F.) 
 Cardidlgie, Ardeur d'Estoiiidc,' A. du Caur, 
 Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain 
 in the stomach or epigastrium, — Morsits vel 
 ardor ventric'uli, Morsus atbm'achi, Soda, 
 Limo'sis cardial'gia mordens, Rosio Slom'acU 
 seu Ventric'iili ;— -a symptom of dyspepsia. 
 
 Cardialsia Inflammatoria, Gastritis— c. 
 Sputatoria, Pyrosis. 
 
 CARDlALOG"IA, from xa^Sia, ' the heart,' 
 and ioy 05, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the heart. 
 
 CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis. 
 
 CARDIARCTIE, Heart, concentric hyper- 
 trophy of the. 
 
 CARDIA'RIUS'; same etymology. A name 
 given to a worm, said to have been found in the 
 heart or pericardium. 
 
 CARDIATOM'IA, from xagim,' the heart,' 
 and Ttfirttv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the heart. 
 
 CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. 
 
 CARDIECTASI8, see Aneurismvof the 
 heart — ^c. Partialis, Aneurism of the heart. ^ 
 ' C ARDIELCOSIS;' from xag^m, ' the heart,' 
 and 'fixos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart. 
 
 CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of .the heart. 
 
 CARDILiEAi Cardialgia. 
 
 CARDIM'ELECH, from xogJia, 'the heart,' 
 and "l^a, Melei, (Hebr.,) 'a governor.' A 
 supposititious active principle seated in the 
 heart, aiid governing the vital functions.— Do- 
 laeus. 
 
 CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia caidinalis 
 — c. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica. 
 
 CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis. 
 
 CARDINAMENTUM, ■ Ginglymus, Gom- 
 phosis. 
 
 C ARDIOBOTANUM, Centaurea benedicta. 
 
 CARDIOCE'LE, from xaQtii, 'the heart,' 
 and xijiij, 'rupture.' Hernia of the heart, espe- 
 cially into the abdominal cavity. 
 
 C.4RX) JOCiylS7£, Cardiorrhexis. . 
 
 CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodyn'ia; from ««?arii, 
 'the heart, the stomach>' and oinii, 'pain.' 
 Pain in the heart. Also, Cardialgia. 
 
 Cardiodtne- Spasmodioa Intermittens, An- 
 gina pectoris. 
 
 CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates, employed 
 this word synonymously with cardialgia* In 
 the time of Galen it was used, by soma writers, 
 for certain pulsations of the heart, analogous to 
 palpitations. Sauvages understood by Cisr^- 
 a'gmua an aneurism of the heart or great ves- 
 sels, when still obseurfe. Also, Angina pectoris. 
 
 Cardiosmps Cordis SinistAi, Angina pec- 
 toris. 
 
 CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'ais seu Ma- 
 
CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS 
 
 151 
 
 CARLINA 
 
 la'eia seu Malaofis sen ]\(ollit"ies Cordis, 
 (F.) Rumollissement du Caur, from xa^jiaj 
 'the heart/ and nit.Xat.ut, 'softness.' Softening 
 of the heart, caused by inflammation of the 
 organ, or a consequence of some lesion of the 
 function of nutrition. 
 CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
 CARDIONUHI, see Aneurism. 
 CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 CARDIOPALMtS, Cardiotromus. 
 CARDIOPERHJARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 CARDIORRHEIT'MA, Rheumatia'mua cor- 
 dis; from xajiwj'the heart,' and jti^o, 'de- 
 fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the 
 heart. 
 
 CARDIORRHEX'IS, Cardioelasie, (Piorry ,) 
 Ruptu'ra Cordis, (F.) Rupture du C<Bur,iiom 
 na^itoL, 'the heart,' and {iiSic, ' laceration.' La- 
 ceration of the heart. 
 
 CAADIOSCL&ROSIE, (Piorry) from xag- 
 im, 'the heart-,' and trxXtiqot, 'hard.' (F.) En- 
 durcissemetit du Caur. Induration of the 
 heart. 
 
 CARDIOSTENO'SIS, from ias3ta,,<the 
 heart,' andoTtvtuo-is, 'contraction.' Contrac- 
 tion of the openings of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOTRAU'MA, from noeJia, 'the 
 heart,' and tQav/ia, ' a wound.' A wound of 
 the heart. - 
 
 CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpka'tio Cordis 
 trep'idansy Cardiqpal'mus, Trepidd*tio Cordis, 
 from xaqiia, 'the heart,' and rso^osi ' tremor.' 
 Rapid and feeble palpitation, or fliittering of 
 
 CARDIOT'ROTirS, from koj Jio, ' the heart,' 
 and TiTfamuu, ' I wound.' One affected with a 
 wound of the heart. — Galen. 
 
 CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
 
 CARDITE, Carditis. 
 
 CARDI'TIS, from nagim, ' the heart,' and 
 the termination itis. Inflammation of the 
 fleshy substance of the heart. Empres'ma, Car- 
 di'tis, Inflam/ma'tio Cordis, Injla/nvma'tio Car- 
 di'tis, ' Cauma Carditis, ]\Tyocardi'tis, Cardi'- 
 tis Muscula'ris, Inflammiation du Caur, (F.) 
 Cardite, The symptoms of this affection are 
 by no means clear. They are often confounded 
 with those of pericarditis, pr inflammation of 
 the membrane investing the heart. Carditis, 
 indeed, with many, includes both the inflamma- 
 tion of the investing membrane and that of the 
 heart itself. See Pericarditis, and Endocar- 
 ditis. 
 
 Carditis' Extkeka, Pericarditis — c. Interna, 
 Endocarditis — c. Muscularis, Carditis — c. 
 Membranosa, Pericarditis-^c. Polyposa, Polypi 
 of the heart — c. Serosa, Pericarditis. , ' 
 
 CARDO, Ginglymus. , 
 
 CARDOPaTIUM, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus— 
 c. Benedictus, Centaurea benedicta— c. Brazi- 
 lianna, Brpmelia ananas — c. Domesticus capite 
 majori, Cynara scolymus — c. Hemorrhoidalis, 
 Cirsium arvense. 
 
 Cab.'dtjus Maria'nus, Car'dmis MJrisc, Sil'- 
 yhum, Car'duus lae'teus. Spina e^lh'a, Cominon 
 Milh Thistle, or Ladies' Thistle, (F.) Chardgn- 
 Marie. ■ The herb is a bitter tonic. The seeds 
 are oleaginous. It is not used. 
 
 Caeduus Pineus, Atr^ctylis gjifnmiferar'— c. 
 Sativns, Carthamus tinctorius — csSativus non- 
 ipiaoBus, Cynara scolymus — c. SoUtitialis, Cen- 
 
 taurea calcitrapa— 'C.,Stellatus, Centaurea calci- 
 trapa — c. T'omentosus, Onopordiumacanthium. 
 CAREBARESIS, Carebaria. 
 C AREBA'RIA or CAREBARI'A, Carelare'- 
 sis, from xugi), ' the head,' and |Jogos, 'weight.' 
 Seordine'ma, Cereba'ria, Scordinis'mus, Car- 
 dine' ma. Heaviness of the head — Hippocrates . 
 Galen. 
 
 CARE'NA, Kare'na. The twenty-fourth 
 part of a drop.— ^Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 CAREUM, Carum. 
 
 CAREX ARENAHIA, Sarsaparilla Germa- 
 nica. 
 
 C ARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne, 
 and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and 
 sugar fermented. 
 
 CARICA, vFicus carica. 
 
 Car'ipa Papaya, Poj7aw tree,(^.')Fapayer. 
 Ord. Artdcarpeae. A native of America, India, 
 and Africa. The fruit ^has. somewhat of the 
 flavjour of the pumpkin, and is eaten like it. 
 The milky juice of the plant, and the seed and 
 root have been regarded as anthelmintic. 
 
 CAR'ICUMj-^said to have been named after 
 its inventor Caricus. Car'ycum. A detergent 
 application to ulcers'; composed of black helle- 
 bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpi- 
 ment, cantharides, and oil of cedar. — Hippocr. 
 
 CARIE, Caries — o. des JOents, Dental gan- 
 grene. I 
 
 CARlii Carious. ■ 
 
 CA'RIES, NigH'ties Os'siwm. An ulcera- 
 tion of bone., — Necrosis being death of a bone. 
 It resembles the gangrene of . soft parts. 
 Hence it has been termed Caries gangrseno'sh, 
 Gangrse'na Ca'ries, G. Os'sium, Tete'do, Ar- 
 ro'sio. Euros, (F.) Carie. It is recognised 
 by the swelling of the bone .which precedes 
 and accompanies it ; by the abscesses it occa- 
 sions; the "fistulcE which form; by the sa- 
 nious character, peculiar odour and quantity of 
 the suppuration, and by the evidence afforded 
 by probing. The most colrimon causes of ca- 
 ries are Wows ;— the action of some virus, and 
 morbid diathesis. When dependent on any 
 virus in the system, «to must be combated'by 
 appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it 
 must be converted, where practicable, into a 
 state of necrosis or death of thfe affected part. 
 For this end stimulants are applied, the actual 
 cautery, &c. 
 
 Caries Dentitm, Dental gangrene^— c. Pu-. 
 dendorum, see ChancTe-»-c. of the Vertebrse, 
 Vertebral disease — c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral 
 disease. 
 
 CARIEXTX, Carious. 
 
 CARIM CURINI, Justitia ecbolium. 
 
 CARI'NA, ^a ship's keel.' The vertebral 
 column, especially of the fcetus. .Also, the 
 breast bone bent inwards. 'Rence, Pectus ca- 
 rina' ttim: — the chest affected with such de- 
 formity. 
 
 CA'RIOUS, Cario'sus, Euro'desj (F.) Carie, 
 Carieux. Affected witji caries. 
 
 CARIUM TFRR.J!, Calx. 
 
 €ARIVE, Slyrtus pimei^ita. 
 
 CARIVILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 CARLINA, ' Carline Thistle.' 
 
 Carli'ha Acaul'isj CAamae'leon alhum, Car- 
 dopa'tiv/m, (F.) Carline sans tige, which grows 
 in the Pyrenees,.and on the mountains of Swit- 
 zerland, Italy, &c.',has been recommended as a 
 tonic, emmenagogue, and sudorific. 
 
CARLINE SANS TIGE 
 
 152 
 
 CAROTIDS 
 
 CARLINE SANS TIGE, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CARLO SANCTO RADIX. ' St. Charles's 
 Root :' found in Mechoachan, ih America. The 
 bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is con- 
 sidered to be sudorifiC) and to sj^rengthen the' 
 gums and stomach. 
 
 CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, S4 miles from 
 Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water 
 contains about 47 parts in the 100. of purging 
 salts. It is a thermal saline ; temperature 121° 
 to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents 9.re — 
 carbonic acid, sulphate of sodaj carbonate of 
 soda, and chloride of sodium. 
 
 CARMANTINE, ^ustitia pectoralis — c. 
 Pectorale, Justitia pectoralis. 
 
 CARMEN, ' a verse,' because charms usually 
 consisted of a verse. A charm (q. v.:)" an 
 amulet. 
 
 CARMINANTIA, Carminatives. 
 
 CARMINATIVA, Carminatives! 
 
 CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Car- 
 minaii'va, from caj-Tfien, ' a verse,' or ' charm,' 
 Antiphys'ica, Physago'ga, Xan'tica, (F.) Car- 
 minatifs. Remedies which allay pain, and 
 cause the expulsion of flatus from the alimen- 
 tary canal. They are generally of the class of 
 aromatics. 
 
 The Four Greater Cakminative Hot Seeds, 
 were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel. 
 
 The Four Lesser Carmimative Hot Seeds, 
 Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida-Tnino'ra, were bishop's 
 weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild catrot. 
 
 CARMOT. A name giveli, by the alchy- 
 mists, to the matter which they believed to 
 constitute the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed. 
 
 CARNABADITJM, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CARNATIO, Sjrssarcosis. 
 
 CARN4TI0N, Dianthus caryophyllus.' 
 
 CARNELIAN, Cornelian. 
 
 CARNEOLUS, Cornelian. ■ 
 
 CkS.'l^'EO\i?ifiar'neus,Carno'3us,Sar'eo'des, 
 Incarna'tus, from caro, ' flesh.' (F.) Charnu. 
 Consisting of flesh, pr resembling flesh. 
 
 Carneotjs Columns, Fleshy Columns, Co- 
 lum'nse Camex of the heart, (F.) Colonne,s 
 charnues, are muscular projections, situate in 
 the cavities of the heart.' They are called, also, 
 Wus'culi. Papilta'res, 
 
 Carneous Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mus'cvlar 
 Fibres, (F.) Fibres charnues ou- musculaires, 
 are fibres belonging to a muscle. 
 
 CARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan- 
 terianns. 
 
 CARNICULA. Diminutiveof Caro, ' flesh.' 
 The gum, — Gingiva, (q. v.) — Fallopius. 
 
 CARNIFICATIO, Carnification— c. Pulnio- 
 num, Hepatisation of the lungs. 
 
 CARNIFlCA^ION,C7fflrrai;Ecffl'*»o,from(!Sro, 
 ' flesh,' and fieri, ' to become.' Transformation 
 into flesh. A morbid state of certain organs, 
 in which the tissue acquires a consistence like 
 that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is some- 
 times observed in hard parts, the' texture be- 
 coming softened, as in Osteosarcoma, When 
 it occurs in the lungs, they present a texture 
 like that of liver. Such is the condition of the 
 foetal lung. 
 
 CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCES'SUS. An ab- 
 scess, which ordinarily occurs in the neighbour- 
 hood of. the' articulations, and whose oriflce is 
 
 hard, the side's thick and callous. — ^M. A. S«. 
 verinus. 
 
 CABNIV'OROUS, Carniv'orus, Sarcoph'- 
 agus, Creatofh'd^s, Creoph'agus, (F.) Carni- 
 vore, from caro, ' fleshj' and varo, ' I eat.* That 
 which eats flesh. Any substance which de- 
 strpys excrescences in wounds, ulcers, &c. 
 
 CARNOSA CUTIS; Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 CARNOSITAS, Carnos'ity, (F.) Cariiositi, 
 from caio, ' flesh.' A fleshy excrescence. 
 
 CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URETHRA, 
 Car'unelesi in the, Vrelihra, (F.) Carnontit 
 ou Caroncules de I'uritre. Small fleshy ex- 
 crescences'or fiingous growths, which were, at 
 one time, presumed -to exist in the male uie- 
 thra, whenever retention of urule followed go- 
 norrhcea. 
 
 M. CuUerier uses the term Carrtosite vini- 
 rienne fot a cutaneous, cellular, and membra- 
 nous tumour; dependent, upon the syphilitic vi- 
 rus.' See, also, Polysarcia. 
 
 CARNOSUS, Carneous. 
 
 CARO, Fleshy — c. Accessoria, see Fleior 
 longu^ digitorum pedis profundus peiforans, 
 (accessorrus)-— c. Excrescens, Excresoenc&— c. 
 Fungosa, Fpngosity — c. Glandulosa, Epiglottie 
 gland' — c. Luxurians, Fungosity — c. Orbicula- 
 ris, Placenta — c. Parenchymdtica, Parenchyma 
 — c. ^uadrata, Palmaris brevis — c. Qiiadratuj 
 Sylvii, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis pro- 
 fundus perforans, (accessoriiis)-^;. Viseerum, 
 Parenchyma. 
 
 CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua. 
 
 C AROB A ALijJAB ATI, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
 CARGOES, Carotic. 
 
 CAROLI, see Chancre. 
 
 CAROLI-N-A, NORTH, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. In the counties of \yarren, Mont- 
 gomery, Rockingham, Lincoln, Biincomb and 
 Rowan, there are mineral springs. They be- 
 long generally to the sulphureous or acidulous 
 
 CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. They are numerous. Pacolet 
 Springs, on the west bank of Pacolet River, 
 contain sulphur and iroii. Many, with similai 
 properties, but hot held in estihiation, are scat- 
 tered aboiit the state. 
 
 CAKONCVLE, Caruncle — c. Laehrymali, 
 Caruncle. ■ 
 
 CARONCULES MrRTIFORMES,A- 
 runculae myrtiformes — c. de Vtfrkre, Oarnosi- 
 ties of the urethra. 
 
 CAROPI, Amomum cardamomum. 
 
 CAROSIS, Somnolency: 
 
 CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
 
 CAROTIC, (ARTERIES,) Carotids. 
 
 CAROTICA, Narcotics. 
 
 CAROT'ICUS, Caro'des, ■ Com'atose, from 
 xaQps, 'stupor^' (F.) Car'otique, Relating to 
 stupor .or cams — as a carotic state, &c. 
 
 CAROT'IDS, Carot'ides, Carot'icx,Carotidex, 
 Capita'les, Jugiila'res, Sopora'les, Sopora'riXf 
 Soporif'erae, Somniferse, Apoplec'tiese, Lethar'" 
 gicae Arte'rise,\he Caroiid Ar'teries, Cephal'- 
 ie Ar'teries, (F.) Artires Carotides; from xogoSj 
 Quat^uor sem'ina cal'ida- majo'ra carminati va, 
 ' stupor.' Thfe great arteries of the neck, which 
 carry blood to the head. They are divided into, 
 1. Primitive or common; the left of which arises 
 from the aorta, and the right from a trunk, com- 
 mon to it and the subclavian. 2. Exttrnal or 
 
CAROTTE 
 
 153 
 
 CARTILAGE 
 
 puricephal'ie, a'branclj of the primitive, which 
 extends ftom the last to the neck of the con- 
 dyle of the lower jaw; and, 3. Internal, Arte'- 
 ria cerebra'lis vel eneepkal'ica, another branch 
 of the primitive, which, arising at the same 
 place as the ejdernal, enters the cranium, and 
 tejminates on a level with the fissure of Sylvius, 
 dividing into several branches. 
 
 Carotid Canal, Cana'lis Carot'icus, Canal 
 inflexe de I'os temporal — (Ch.) Canal caroto- 
 dien, is a canal in the .temporal bone, through 
 which the carotid artery and. several nervous 
 filaments pass. 
 
 Carotid Foramina, Foram'ina' Carot'iea, 
 (F.) Trous carotidiens, are distinguished Into 
 internal and external. They are the foramina 
 at each extremity of the Canalia Caroticua. 
 CAROTTE, Daucus carota. 
 CAROUA, Carum, (seed.) 
 CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua. 
 CAROUGE, see Ceratoniura siliqua. 
 CARPASA, Carbasa. 
 
 CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum, and Carpe'sium. . 
 Pioscorides, Pliny, Galen, &c,., have given 
 these names, and that of Garpasos, to a plant, 
 which cannot now be determined, and whose 
 juice, called Opoear'pason, onoynt^zra.i'iv, passed 
 for a violent, narcotic- poison, and was con- 
 founded with myrrh. 
 CARPATHIC0M, see Pinus cembra. 
 CARJPE, Carpus. 
 
 CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium. 
 CARPESIUM, Carpasium.' 
 CARPHO'DES, CarphoUes, from xajijio?, 
 'flocculus,' and nioi, ' resemblance.' Floceu- 
 lent, stringy; — as mucus carpJiodes j-^occulent 
 or stringy mucus. 
 
 CARPHOLOG'TA, Tilmus, Carpol9g"ia, 
 Crocidis'raus, Crocydis'mus, Flocco'ru/m vena'- 
 tio, Flareile'gium, Tricholog"ia, Croeidix'is, 
 from K»ei)Hf, '^oc' cuius, '^ni Myf, ' I collect,' 
 or 'pluck.' (F.) Carphologie. Action of ga- 
 thering flocculi. A delirious picking pf the 
 bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to 
 pull the flocculi from them. It denotes great 
 cerebral ir;ritability and debility, and is an unfa- 
 vourable sign in fevers, &c. 
 CARPHOS, Tri^onella fcenum. 
 CARPIA, Linteum. 
 CARPIjETJS, Palmaris brevis. 
 CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'rlus, Carjda'- 
 lis, (F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus. 
 
 Car'pial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Car- 
 fiens, are, I. The fibrous fescise, which unite 
 the bon.es of the carpus ; and, 2. The annular 
 ligaments, anterior and posterior, (q. v.) 
 CARJPIAN, Carpial. 
 CARPIEN, Carpial. 
 CARPISMUS, Carpus 
 CARPOBALSAMUM, 
 samum. 
 
 CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia- 
 oa, Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI^ 
 TI, Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti-^c.. Me- 
 taearpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti 
 — c. MitOiCarpien du pouce, Opponens poUicis 
 — c. Phalangeus minimi digiti. Abductor minimi 
 digiti — c. Phalangien du petit doigt. Abductor 
 minimi digiti — c. Phalangien du petit dqigt, 
 Flexor parvus minimi digiti — c. Phalangien du 
 pouce. Flexor brevis poUicis manus — c. Sus- 
 ph<demgien du pouce. Abductor pollicis brevis. 
 11 
 
 see Amyris opobal- 
 -c. Spasmodi- 
 
 CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, ' the Wrist,' 
 and pes, pfidis, ' the foot.' Relating to the 
 wrist and foot. 
 
 Carso-pIspal Spasm, Cer'ebral spasvwd'io 
 croup, A spasmodic affection of the chest and 
 larynx in young children, acctopanied by ge- 
 neral or partial convulsions. The disease com- 
 monly, occurs between the third and ninth 
 month, and is characterized by excessive dys- 
 pnosa, accompanied by a loud croupy noise on 
 inspiration; the thumbs being locked, and the 
 hands and , feet rigidly bent for a longer or 
 shorter period. The seat of the disease is evi- 
 dently in the cerebro-spiiwl axis, primarily or 
 secondarily : generally, perhaps, it is, owing to 
 erethism seated elsewhere, but communicated to 
 the cerebro-spinal centre, and reflected to the 
 respiratory and other muscles concerned. It 
 seems to be connected with dental irritation, 
 and consequently, in the treatment, where such 
 is the case, the gums should be freely divided ; 
 a!fter whiph, cathartics and revulsives, with the 
 use of narcotics and appropriate diet, will ge- 
 nerally remove the , affection ; for although ex- 
 tremely alarming,, it is often not attended with 
 great danger. See Asthma thymicum. 
 
 CARPOS, Fruit. 
 
 CARPOt'ICA, from KiQTtac, 'fruit.' Dis- 
 eases affecting impregnation. Irregularity, 
 difficulty, or danger produced by parturitions — 
 'the 3d order, class Genetica, of Good. 
 
 CARPUS, Carpis'mus, Brachia'li, Rasce'ta, 
 Raste'ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raseifta, the wrist. 
 (F.) Carpe, Poignet. The part between the 
 fore-arm and hand. Eight bones compose it, 
 (in two rows.) In the superior row there are, 
 from without to within — the Scaphp'ides or ««- 
 vicula'ri, iMna'rt or semiluna'ri, Cuneifor'tTn?, 
 and Orbicula'rl or pisifor'mS. . In the lower 
 row — Trape'ziurn, TrapezoXdes, Magnum, and 
 XJndfpr' mi, 
 
 CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus'. 
 
 CARRM. DE hA CmSSE, Quadratius fe- 
 ■moris — c,. jdes Lomles, Quadratus lumborum — 
 c. du Menton, Depressor labii inferioris — c. du 
 Pied, Extensor brevis digitQrura pedis. 
 
 CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 CARRitE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis 
 profundus perforans, (accessorius.) 
 
 CjJRRELET, (F.) Acus triarigula'ris, A 
 straight needle, two' or three inches long, the 
 point of which is triangular; and which the 
 ancients used in different operations. Also, a 
 wooden^ triangular frame for fixing a cloth 
 through which different phaj'maceutical prepa- 
 rations are passed. 
 
 CARROT; CANDY, Athamanta cret^nsis— 
 c. Deadly, Thapsia — c. Plant, Daucus carota. 
 
 CAR'THAMUS TINCTO'RIUS, Am'^ron, 
 Cndcus, Crocus GermanHcus, Crocus Saracen'- 
 icus, Car'th'amum officinalrum, Car'duus sati'- 
 vus,Safra'num,Saffron-flo'it)er,Saffl,ower, Bas- 
 tard Saffron, Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Cartha/me, 
 Safranbdtard, Carthame des Teinturiers. ,Fa- 
 mity, Cynarocephalese. Sex. Syst. Syngene- 
 sia Polygamia aequalis. The seeds are aromatic, 
 cathartic, and diuretic; yet to the parroquet 
 they are an article of food, hence their name, 
 Graines de Perroquet. The flowers, Car'tha- 
 mus, (Ph. U. S.) are employed as a cosmetic, 
 and are a reputed diaphoretic. [?] 
 
 CARTHEGON, see Buxus. 
 
 CAR'TILAGEj Chondros, Car'tilago, (F.) 
 
CARTILAGE ANONTME 
 
 154 
 
 CASE 
 
 Cartilage. A solid part of the animal body, of 
 a medium consistence between bone an(J liga- 
 ment, and which in the foetus is a substitute for 
 bone, but in the adiilt exists only in the joints, 
 at the extremities of the -ribs, &c. Cartilages 
 are of a whitish colour, flejJible, compressible, 
 and very elastic, and some of them" apparently 
 -inorganic. They are composed, according to 
 J. Uavy, of .44 albumen, .55 water, and .01 
 phosphate of liiiie. 
 
 CARTILAG-E ANONYME, Cricoid, (car- 
 tilage) — '-c.) Epiglottic, Epiglottis — c Mucrone, 
 Xiphoid Cartilagfr— c. Supra-arytenoid, Corni- 
 culum. laryngis — c. Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 Cartilages, Articular," OSdu'cent Car'- 
 tilages, in'frest bony surfaces, which are in con- 
 tact ; hence they are called investing or in- 
 erusting cartilages, (F.) Cartilages de rev&te- 
 ment ou d'eniroutement. 
 
 Cartilacbs, Interarticular, are such as 
 are situate within the joints, as in the knee joint. 
 
 Cartii^ages of Ossifica'tion are such as, in 
 the progress of ossification, have to form an in- 
 tegrant part of bones; as those of the long 
 bones inthe new-born infant; These are terifled 
 teTnporary ; the others being permanent.' Allj 
 the cartilages, with the exceptftin of the articu- 
 lar, are surrounded by a membrane analogous 
 to the periosteum, called Perichon'drium. 
 
 Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some re- 
 spects, only prolongations of the ribs. Those 
 of the nose, of the meatus auditorius, and Eu- 
 stachian tube, present a similar arrangement. 
 Other cartilages resemble a union of fibrous 
 and cartilaginous textures; hence their name 
 Fihro-cartilages. 
 
 Cartilages, SEraiLi;NAE, see Semilunar — ^^c. 
 Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages. 
 
 CARTILAGINES GtJTTURALES, Aryte- 
 noid cartilages^c. Semilunares, Semilunar car- 
 tilages^c. Sigmoidese, Semilunar cartilages. 
 
 CARTILAGINIS Ji.RYTENOID.ffi^ CaPITULUM, 
 
 Corniculum laryngis. 
 
 CARTILAG-'INOUS, Cartilagin'eus, Cdr- 
 tilagin^^sus, Chondro'des, Ohondroi^des, (F.) 
 Cartilagineux. Belonging to, or resembling 
 cartilage. 
 
 Cartilaginous, TissIte, see Tissue. ■ 
 
 CARTILAGO,! Cartilage— c. Clypealis, 
 Thyroid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage — c. Guttalis, Arytenoid cartilage — c. In- 
 nominata. Cricoid — c. Mucronata, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage — c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid 
 cartilage — ^c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartilage — '■ 
 c. TJvifer, Uvula — c. Xiphoides, Xiphoid carti- 
 lage. 
 
 CARtTM, from Caria, a province of Asia. 
 Ca'reum, Carum Car'ui, Carvi, Cumi'num 
 praten'si. Cams, Car'uon, the Car'away, (F.) 
 Carvi, Cumin des pres. 'Family, Umbellife- 
 ra;. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 seeds, Catnaba'dia^ Car'o\ta, are carminative. 
 Dose, gr. x. to ^jij, swallowed whole or bruised. 
 The oil, Oleium Car'u'i, (F.) Huile de carvi, 
 has the properties of the seeds. Dose, gi'-' ij 
 to vj. 
 
 CARITNCtE, Carnn'cula, diminutive of 
 rm-o, ' flesh.' A small portion of flesh, Sar'- 
 cion, Sarcid'ium, A fleshy excrescence,— -Ee- 
 phy'ma carim'cnla, (F.) Carofteale. 
 
 Caruncle, Carnositas. 
 
 Caruncles in tite Urethra, Carnositles. 
 
 Cahtjn'cula LAcnBTKA'Lis, (F.) Caroncule | 
 
 A small, reddish, follicular body, 
 situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes 
 a gupimy substance. 
 
 CARUNCULiE CUTICULARES, 
 NymphsE. 
 
 CIariinculje Mamilla'ees. The extremities 
 of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The ol- 
 factory nerves (q. v.) have been so called by 
 some. , 
 
 ■_ Caruncul^e Mtrtifor'wes, C. Vogina'les 
 Gliin'dulcB myrtifor'mes, (F.^ CaroncnUs rmr- 
 -tiformes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or 
 less. firm, of variable form, and uncertain num- 
 ber, situate near the orifice of the vagina, and 
 formed by (the mucous membrane. They are 
 regarded as the remains of the hymen. 
 
 Carunculs PapiLlares, Papilla of the tid- 
 ney. 
 
 CARUN'CULOUS. Relating to caruncles 
 or carnosities. Carwn'cular. 
 
 CARUON", Carum. 
 
 CARUS, Kiigcf, Sopor caro'ticus. Profound 
 sleep. The last degree of coma', with complete 
 insensibility, which no stimuliis can remove, 
 even for a few instants. . Sopor, Coma, Lethar- 
 gia, and Cartes, are four degrees of the same 
 condition. 
 ■ Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy— tC. Asphyxia, 
 Asphyxia — c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy — c. Ecsta- 
 sis, Ecstasis— ^c. Hydroqephalus, Hydrocephalus 
 internus — c. ab Insolatione, Coap de soleil—c. 
 Lethargus, Lethargy — c. Lethargus cataphora, 
 Somnolency — c. Lethargus vigil. Coma vigil— 
 c. Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paralysis paraplegia, 
 I'araplegia — c. Veternus, Lethargy. 
 
 CARVI, Carum. 
 
 CARYA, Juglans regia — c. Basilica, Jnglans 
 regia. 
 
 CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fracture. 
 
 CARYOCOSTINUM, Confectio scammoniB. 
 
 CARYOCOSTTNUS. An' electuary pre- 
 pared of the costus and other aromatic sub- 
 stances, &c. It was cathartic. 
 
 CARYON PONTICON, Corylus avellana 
 (nut.) 
 
 CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus 
 caryophyllus. ' 
 
 CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see 
 Myrtus pimenta — c. Aromaticus, Eugenia ca- 
 ryophyllata-^c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyl- 
 lus — c. Vulgaris, Geutn urbanum. 
 
 CARYO'TI. The best kind of dates.— Galen. 
 
 CAS RARES, (F.), Rare canes: This term 
 is used, by the French, for pathological facts, 
 which vary from what is usual. See a cele- 
 brated article under this head in the Diction- 
 naire des Sciences Medieales, Vol. IV. 
 
 CASAMUM, Cyclamen. 
 
 CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. 
 
 CAS'CARA.CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words 
 which signify barH: and little baric, under whick 
 appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in 
 Peru. They are now applied to the bark of 
 Crolon eascarilla. The bark gatherers are 
 called Cascarilleros. > 
 
 CASCARILLA, Croton eascarilla. 
 
 CASCHEU, Catechu. 
 
 CASE, Capsa, Theca, (F.) Caisse, Thii 
 name is given to boxes for the preservation of 
 instruments ; or for medicines necessary in hos- 
 pital or other service. We say, e. g. — A east 
 of amputating, or of trepanning instrmnenli. 
 
CASEARIUS 
 
 155 
 
 CASTOR BAY 
 
 Case, Casus^ from cadere, casum, 'to fall.' 
 The condition of a patient; — as a caie of fever, 
 &c. {¥.) Observation. Also, the history of a 
 disease. 
 
 CASEARIUS, Cheesy. 
 
 CA'SEIN, . Caseine, Ca'seum, Galac'tini, 
 Caseous matter; from caseus, 'cheese.' The 
 only nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is 
 identical in composition with the chief consti- 
 tuents of blood — fibrin and albumen, all being 
 compounds of protein. A similar principle ex- 
 ists in the vegetable, Vegetable Casein or Le- 
 gu'min. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds 
 — peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albu- 
 men. Casein is soluble in vrater ; and the solu- 
 tion is not coagulable by heat. 
 
 Casein, Blood, Globulin. ■ 
 
 CASEOSUS, Cheesy. 
 
 CASEOUS MATTER, Casein. , 
 
 CASEUM, Casein. 
 
 CASEUS, Cheese — c. Equinus, Hippace. 
 
 CASEUX, Cheesy. 
 
 CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale. 
 
 CASHOO. An aromatic drug of Hindusthan, 
 said to possess pectoral virtues. , 
 
 CASHOW, Catechu. 
 
 CASIA, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CASMINA,' Cassumuniar. 
 
 CASSA, Thorax. 
 
 CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia— 
 ». en Batons, Cassia fistula — c. en Bois, Lau- 
 rus cassia — c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula— 'c^ 
 Seni, Cassia senna. 
 
 CASSE-LUNETTES, Cyanussegetum,Eu- 
 phreisia officinalis. 
 
 CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 CASSIA, Laurus cassia — c. Absus, Absus — 
 e. Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia — c. Caryophyl- 
 lata, Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Canella, Laurus 
 eassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna. 
 
 CaS'sia Fis'tula, Cas'sia nigra^ Cassia fis- 
 tula'ris, C. Alexandri'na, Canna, Ca^na so- 
 lutUva, Canna fistula, Cathartocar'pus, Fur- 
 siing Cassia, ""(F.) Casse Canejicier, Casse en 
 batons, Casse des Boutiques, The pulp of 
 Cassia Fis'tvla or Catkartocar'^^s Fistula; 
 Fam. Leguminosae ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo- 
 ilogynia, Pulpa Cas'sies, Cassia Ara7nen'tie/m, 
 Cassia Fistula Fulpa, (Ph. U. S.), which is 
 obtained in long -pods, is black, bright, and 
 shining! sweet, slightly acid, and inodorous. It 
 is laxative in the dose of giv. to ,^j. 
 
 Cassia Lignea, Laurus cassia — c. Lignea 
 Malabarica, Laurus cassia. 
 
 Cassia Marilan'dica,' Senna Americt^na, 
 American Senna, Wild ^Senna, Locust plant, 
 (F.) Sine d'.lmcrique. The leaves of this 
 plant are similar, in virtue, to the cassia senna. 
 They, are, however, much inferior in strength. 
 
 Cassia, Purging, Cassia fistula. 
 
 Cassia Senna. The name of the plant which 
 affords senna. It is yielded, however, by seve- 
 ral species of the genus cassia. The leaves of 
 senna, Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri'na, Sen- 
 n-a Ital'ica, Sena, Senna or Egyptian Cassia, 
 (F.) Sene, Casse S 'nc, have a faint smell, and 
 bitterish taste. The active part, by some call- 
 ed Catkartine, is extracted by alcohol and wa- 
 ter. Their activity is injured by boiling wa- 
 ter. They are a hydragogne catMrtic, andapt 
 
 to gripe. Dose of the powder, 9 j. to 3J-. In- 
 fusion is the best. form. 
 
 The varieties of senna, in commerce, are 
 Tinnivelly Senna, Bombay or Common India 
 Senna, Alexandrian Senna,Tripoli Senna,dind 
 Aleppo Senna. -j-W' 
 
 CASSIA ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula 
 — c. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. 
 Flores, see Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 CASSIALA, Hyssopus. 
 
 CASSIVE B LEUE, Scxdellniia galericu- 
 lata. 
 
 CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 CASSINE, EVERGREEN, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 CASSIS, Ribes nigrum. 
 
 CASSITEROS, Tin. 
 
 CASSUMUNIAR, Casamu'nar, Zerumiet, 
 Casmina,Risagon, Ben'gali Indo'rumj, Bengal* 
 Root, (F.) Racine de Bengale. A root, ob- 
 tained from the East Indies, in irregular slices 
 of various forms ; some cut transversely, others 
 longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and i» 
 consequently tonic and stimulant. It was once 
 considered a panacea, and has been referred to 
 Zingiber- CassuTminiar, .and to Zingiber Zerum- 
 bet. 
 
 CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium 
 occidentale. 
 
 CAST, Caste. 
 
 ' CASTANEA, Fagus castanea, see also Fa- 
 gus castanea pumila — c. Equina, ^sculus Hip^ 
 pocastannm — c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race 
 or lineage.' A name given, by the Portu- 
 guese in Indiaj to classes of society, divided ac- 
 cording to occupations, and which have re- 
 mained distinct from the earliest times. Hence 
 a separate and fixed order or class. See Half- 
 caste. 
 
 CASTELLAMARE DI STASIA, WATERS 
 OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Na- 
 ples, in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E; 
 of Naples. There are two springs, the one 
 sulphureous, the other chalybeate. 
 
 CASTELLETTO ADONO, "WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate near Acqoi, in Italy, are 
 sulphureous. 
 
 CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF. Cas- 
 tera-Vivent is a small village in the department 
 of tJers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly- 
 beate, and another which is sulphureous and 
 thermal.' Temp. 84° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CASTIGANS, Corrigent. ■ 
 
 CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, PinoneilU 
 tree. A tree, which is cultivated insomepartsof 
 Peru, and grows wild in abundance. Its beau- 
 tiful fruit, when roasted, has an agreeable fla^ 
 vour. When an incision is made into the stem, 
 a clear bright liquid flows out, which, after 
 some time, becomes black and horny-like. It 
 is a very powerful caustic. , 
 
 CASTJOE, fatechu. 
 
 CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A snl- 
 phureons spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, cele- 
 bratedfor the cure of cutaneous and other dis- 
 eases. 
 
 CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 Castoe Fiber, Fiber, Canis Pon'ticus. The 
 Beaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor. 
 Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin 
 in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, wer» 
 formerly used in medicine. 
 
 Castor Oil. Pi.ant, Ricinus communis. 
 
CASTOREUM 
 
 156 
 
 CATAMENIA 
 
 CASTOREUM, Casto'riami Castor, Casto- 
 reiirn'Ros'sicicmet Canaden's,BjfTOXtii(,afTtiiQ, 'the 
 beaver,' quasi yua-rai^, from yftiTijs, ' the belly,' 
 because of the size of its belly; or aeasirando. 
 A peculiar matter found in bags, near the rec- 
 tum of the beavefj Castor fibfir. Its odour is 
 strong, unpleasant, and peculiar; taste bitter, 
 subacrid ; and colour orange brown. It is an- 
 tispasmodic, and often employed. Dose, gr. x. 
 to 9j. 
 
 CASTORINA,' from Castoreiim, ' castor.' 
 Medicines containing castor. 
 
 CASTRANGU-LA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 CASTRAT, Castratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TION, Gastra'tio, Ec'tome, Ec- 
 tom'iaf Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tto, 
 Ea:tirp.a'tio testiculo'rwm, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio 
 ifiril'ium, Eunn-chis'muS) Orchotomia, Orche- 
 ot'omy, Orchidot'omy, (F.) Chdtrure. The 
 operation jif removing the testicles. Some- 
 times the term is employed for the operation 
 ■when performed on one testicle , hence the di- 
 vision into complete and incojnplete castration. 
 Castration renders the individual incapable of 
 reproduction. 
 
 CASTRATO, Castratus. 
 
 CASTRA'TUS, (1.) Castra'to, Ectom'ius, 
 EmaseulaHus , Evira^tus, Exsec'Uis, Desec'tus, 
 Extesticula'tns , Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tusi Spa- 
 do, Apoc'opus, Bago'as, from castrate, ' to cas-. 
 trate.' One deprived of testicles. (F.) Custrnt, 
 Ckatre. This privation has a great' influence 
 on the development of puberty. It is adopted 
 to procure a clearer and sharper voice ; and in 
 the East, the guardians of the Harem, for the 
 sake of security, are converted into Castra'ti 
 or ^u'nnchs, cvvavxni. Eunitchs have gene- 
 rally both testes and penis removed. 
 
 CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c. Palpebrse 
 ^„superibris, Blepharoptosis — c. Uvulae, Staphylos- 
 dema. 
 
 CATA, Kara, 'downwards ;' ' after,' applied 
 to time : at times, it gives additional force to the 
 radical word. A common prefix, as in — 
 
 CATAB'ASIS, from xaTa/Saivoi, ' I descend.' 
 An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, 
 a A&%ceTA,-I>esceit'sus, Descen'sio, as of the tes- 
 ticles, Descen'sus testiculo' rum,. 
 
 CATABLE'MA, y.i.xa^Kt\ijjii, (xstTa and (?o>- 
 Xiiv,) ' any thing let feiU, as a curtain,' EpibW- 
 ma, PeriHe'ma. The outermost bandage which 
 secures the rest. 
 
 CATABYTHISMOMA'NIA, from x.t«(?«- 
 &ifft.H, ' submersion,' and uxviaj ' mania.' In- 
 sanity, with a propensity to suicide by drown- 
 ing. 
 
 CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification. 
 
 CATACAUMA, Burn. 
 
 CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human— c. 
 Ebriosa, Combustion, human. 
 
 CATACERAS'TrcUS, from ^ir^txiQanvni, 
 'I temper,' 'I correct.' The same as Epice- 
 rasticus. A medicinis capable of blunting the 
 acrimony of humours. 
 
 CATACHASMOS, Scarification. 
 
 CATACHRISIS, Inunction. 
 
 CATACHRISTGW, Liniment. 
 
 CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfu'sio, from 
 x«T«jftiu, ' I pour upon.' Affusion with cold 
 water.— Hippocrates. Decantation, (q. v.) 
 
 CAT ACLASIS, from KaTaxJuto., ' I break 
 to pieces.' Cam'pylum, Cam-pylo'tis. Distor- 
 tion, or spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; spas- 
 
 modic occlusion of the eyelids i also, fracture 
 of a bone— Hippocrates, Vogel. 
 
 CATACLBIS'; from xara, ' beneath,' and 
 x\sis, ' the clavicle.' This term has been ap- 
 plied to many parts, as to the first rib, the acro- 
 mion, the joining of the sternum with the 
 ribs, &c. ■ , ^ 
 
 CATACLEI'SIS, same etymoa.- Morbid 
 union of the eyelids. 
 
 CAT A.CLYS'MV&,Ciaacly^'ma,Cafa'clyais, 
 from xxToxAuttiv, ,' to submerge, inundate,' A 
 •Clyster. Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, 
 a shower-bath, or copious affusion of water; 
 CatcBonefsis. Ablution, (q. v.) Do^^cA^, (q.-v.) 
 
 CAT^ONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus. 
 
 CATAGAUNA, Cambogia, 
 
 CATA.GMA, Fracture — c. Fissura, Fissure', 
 see Contrafissura — c. Fractura, Fracture, 
 
 CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'ica reme'dia, 
 from KaTxY/iOL, ' fracture.' Remedies supposed 
 to be capable of occasioning tie formation of 
 
 CATAGOGLOS"SUM, from naToyt/v, < to 
 draw down,' and yXuKrax, ' the tongue.' An 
 instrument for pressing down the tongue. See 
 Glossocatochus. 
 
 CATAGRAPHOLOGIA, Pharmacooatagra- 
 phologia. 
 
 CATALEN'TIA. Epilepsy, (q. v.) or some 
 disease resembling it. — Paracelsus. 
 
 CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis. 
 
 CAT' AL^V&Y , Cataiep' sia,Catalep' sis.,Cat'- 
 ochi, Cat'ockus, Cat'och'a Gale'm, Morbus at- 
 ton'itiits Celsi, Hyste'ria catalep'tica, Congeh'- 
 tio, Deten'tio, Encataltp' sis, Aphonia— (^f- 
 poor.-,) j4maM'c?ia— (Antigenes,) Apprehen'sio, 
 Contempla'tio, Stupor ijig'ilans, Prehen'sio, 
 Carus Catalep'sia, Oppres'sio, Comprehev! sio 
 — (Cael. Aurelian.) Conipren' sio,Apophxia Cfl- 
 talep'sia, from xoTaxa/w iSarm, 'I seize hold 
 of.'^ Trance (1) (F.) Catalepsie. A disease in 
 whiVih there issudden suspension of. the action 
 of the senses and of volition ; the Jimbs and 
 trunk preserving the different positions given 
 to them. It is a rare affection, but is seen, at 
 times, as a form of hysteria. Some of the 
 Greek writers have used the word in its tree 
 acceptation of a seizure, surprise, &c. 
 
 CATALEPTIC, Catalep'tieusj same ety- 
 mon. Relating to catalepsy. Affected with 
 catalepsy. 
 
 Meth'odus Catalep'tica. The administration 
 of external agents when internal agents are in- 
 applicable. 
 
 CATALOT'IC, Ca.talot'icus,ixom y.oaawMS 
 ' to break or grind down.' A remedy which 
 removes unseemly cicatrices. 
 
 CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'rea, Bigno'nia Catd'- 
 pa, Catal'pa Cordifo'lia, C. Arbores'esiis, Co- 
 taw'ba tree. The decoction of the pods of the 
 Catalpa, an American tree, of the Ndt.Vam- 
 Bignoniaceae, Didynamia Angiospermiaj has 
 been recommended in 'chronic nervous asthma. 
 
 CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, (q. v.) from x«o, 
 and Ivia, ' I dissolve or decompose.' The action 
 of presence in producing decomposition; ai 
 when a body which possesses what has been 
 termed catalytic force resolves other bodies into 
 new compounds by mere contact or presence, 
 without itself experiencing any modification. 
 
 CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis. 
 
 CATAMENIA, Menses— c. Alba, Leucor- 
 rhoea. 
 
CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS 
 
 157 
 
 CATARACT 
 
 CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODI- 
 CUS, Menorrhagia. 
 
 CATANANCE, Cichorium intyljus. 
 
 CATANGELOS, Ruscus. 
 
 CATANTLE'M;A, Catcmth'sis, from.xBTa, 
 'upon,' and avTiaro, 'I pour.' Cateone'sis and 
 CatcBone'sis. . Ablution with warm water. A 
 fomentation. — Moschion, Marcellus Empirieus. 
 
 CATAPAS'MA,fromxaTa*oo-a-«,'ISprinkle.' 
 Catapois'tum,, Consper'sio, Epipas'top,, Fasmit, 
 Sympas'ma, Empas'ma, Diapas'mai XenoHj 
 Asper'sio, Epispas'tum, Pulvis aspfrso'rius.- 
 A compound medicine, in the form of powder, 
 esmployed by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, 
 absorb perspiration, &c. — Paulus of iEgiJia. 
 
 CATAPH'ORA, 'a fall,' from xotacptgo., 'I 
 throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with 
 privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency, 
 (q. v.) According to others, Cataphora is 
 simply a profound'sleep, which it is difficult to 
 rouse from— in this sense being synonymous 
 with Sopor; (q. v.) ^ 
 
 Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Hydro- 
 cephalica, see Apoplexy — (T. Cymini, Theriaca 
 Londinensis — c. Msignetica, Somnambulism, 
 magnetic. 
 
 CATAPHRAC'TA, Cataphrac'tes, a Cui- 
 rass, from xaxaipqajma, 'I fortify.' A, name 
 given by Galen to a bandage applied round the 
 thorax and shoulders. It was also called Quad- 
 ri'ga. 
 
 CATAPIESIS, Depression. 
 
 CATAPINOSIS, Absorption. 
 
 CATAP'LASIS, from xarcLni.air<rix>, 'to be- 
 smear.' The act of besmearing or overlaying 
 with plaster. 
 
 CAT'APLASM, Caiaplas'maj Epiplas'ir/.a, 
 Btsosj' Poultic», Pultice, from" y.aTnnKaa(htvy 
 (iaTa and vXara-siVj'to form or mould,') 'to 
 besmear.' (F.) Cataplasme. A medicine to be 
 applied externally, under the form of a thick 
 pap. ' Cataplasms are formed of various ingre- 
 dients, and for different objects. They may be 
 anodyne, evtiollient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating, 
 &c. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of 
 its warmth and moisture. Meal, fatty sub 
 stances,' leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb 
 of bread, &c., are the most common bases 
 The chief poultices which have been officinal 
 are the following: — Anodyne,-^-c. Cicutao, c. 
 Digitalis. Antiseptic — c, Garbonisy c. Dauci, 
 c'. Fermenti, t. Acetosas, c. cumini. Emol- 
 lieiUf — c. Lihi, c. Panis, c. Mali maturi. Ir- 
 ritating, — c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, c. 
 Querctis Marini. , Tonic and Astringent, — .c. 
 Alum, c. Goulard, c. Rosae. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has some other officinal 
 cataplasms. 1. Cataplas'ina anod'ynum, made 
 of poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. . Cataplas'ma 
 ^alliens, made of meal and pulps. 3. Cata- 
 plas'ma ad suppuratio^nem promoven'dawt, of 
 pulps and basilicon. 4. Cataplas'ma ruiefa'- 
 ciens vel antipleurit'icum, formed' of pepper 
 and vinegar. 
 
 The only cataplasms, the preparation of 
 which it is important to describe, are the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Cataplasm, Altjm, CoagulUm Aluminosum. 
 — c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasnia Fermenti. 
 — c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci — t. Charcoal, 
 Cataplasma earbonis ligni. 
 
 CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C. Fermenti. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis Lisni, Charcoal 
 
 Cataplasm or poultice. Made by adding pow- 
 dered charcoal to a common cataiilasm. Used 
 as an antiseptic to foul ulcers, &c. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or 
 poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Car- 
 rot until it is soft enough to form^a poultice. 
 Used in fetid ulcers. 
 
 Cataplas'ma F^oul^ Cerevisis, see C. 
 Fermenti. 
 
 Cataplas'ma FEKMENir, C, efferves'cens. 
 Yeast Cataplasia or Poultice, (F.) Cataplasms 
 de Levure. (Take o{ meal iBj, yeast ^as. Ex- 
 pose to a gentle heat.) It is antisepticj and a 
 good application to bruises. A Cataplasm of 
 Beer Grounds, Cataplasma l^a'cula Cerevis'ia, 
 C-. Bynes, is used in the same cases. 
 
 Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C. Sina!peos, Sin'a- 
 pism, Mtt'stard .Cataplasm or Poultice', (F.) 
 Cataplasme de Moutard ou Sindpisme. (Mus- 
 tard and Linseed meal or meal aa equal parts. 
 Warm vinegar oi water, q. s.) A rubefacient 
 and stimulant applied to the soles of the feet in 
 coma, low typhus, &c., as well as to the pained 
 part in rheumatism, &c. 
 
 CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor, from xotu, and 
 nXrjira-io, 'I strike.' The act of striking with 
 amazement. Appearance of astonishment as 
 exhibited by the eyes in particular. See Hae- 
 modia. 
 
 CATAPOSIS, Deglutition. 
 
 CATAPOTION, Pilula. 
 
 CATAPSYX'IS, from ii»t*v<';c»)' I refrige- 
 rate.' Peripsyx'is. Considerable coldhess of 
 the body, without rigor and horripilatia. — Ga- 
 len. . Perfrietio. Coldness in the exlJreme 
 parts of the limbs.-^Hippocrates. 
 
 CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall. This 
 word, at times, expresses the fall of a paitient, 
 attacked with epilepsy, (q. v.) or apoplexy; at 
 othfers, the sudden resolution of a paralytic limb. 
 
 CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis. 
 
 C ATAPUTIA, MINOR,Euphorbia lathyris, 
 Ricinus communis. 
 
 CAT'ARACT, Ca^arac'ta,- Catarrhac'ta, 
 Suffu'sio Oc'uli, S, Lentis crystall'incB, Pthar- 
 m,a catarac'ta, Cali'go lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hy- 
 poc'hyma, Hypoc'kysis, Hypoph'ysis, Phaeosco- 
 to'ma^Parop'sis catarac'ta, Glauco'ma Woul- 
 hou'si, from ymrx^ara-siv (kotb and^aoncjv), 'to 
 tumble down.' A deprivation of sight, which 
 comes ou, as if a veil fell before the eyes. Ca- 
 taract consists in opacity of the crystalline lens 
 or its capsule, which prevents the passage of 
 the rays of light, and precludes vision. The 
 causes are obscure. Diagnosis. — The patient 
 is blind, the pupil seems closed by an opake 
 body, of variable colour, but commonly whitish: 
 — the pupil contracting and dilating. Cataracts 
 have been divided, by some, into spurious and 
 genuine. The former, where the obstacle to 
 vision is between the capsule of the lens and 
 the uvea : the latter, where it is in the lens or 
 capsule. A lenticular cataract is where the 
 affection is seated in the lens ; — a capsular or 
 membranous in the capsule. The ^capsuldf is 
 divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, pos- 
 terior, aaA complete capsular cataract. When 
 the capsule is rendered opakej in consequence 
 of an . injury, which cuts or ruptures any part 
 of it, it thiikens, becomes leathery, and has 
 been called Catarac'ta ar'ida siliqtio'sa. Ca- 
 tarac'ta Morgagnia'na lactea vel purifor'mis, 
 is the milky variety, in which the crystalline 
 
CATARACT 
 
 158 
 
 CATARRHAL 
 
 is transforttied into a liquid similar to rinilk, 
 {Y.)Cataracte laiteuse; or, as generally defined, 
 in which there is opacity of the fluid situate be- 
 tween the lens and its' capsule. The cap'sulo- 
 lentic'ular affects both lens and capsule, and 
 Beer conceives, the liquor Morgagni, in an al- 
 tered state, may" contribute to it. Cataracts 
 are also called stony, (F.) (pierreuse,) miUy or 
 cheesy, {laiteuse ou easeuse, Gcdactocatarac'pa, 
 Catarac'ta lactic'olor,) according to their den- 
 sity: — whitf, pearly, yellow, brown, gray, 
 green, black, (F.) blanche, perlie, jaune, hrune, 
 grise, verte, noire, according to their colour :: — 
 Jixed or vacillating, — catarac'ta capsulo-letiiti- 
 eula'ris fixa vel trem'ula, {'£,') fixe pu branlante, 
 according as they are fixed ol- movable behind 
 the pupil. They are likewise called Cotorac'- 
 ta marmora'cia, fenestra'tce, stella'tcs, puncta'-^ 
 tee, kimidia'ta, '&c., according to the appear- 
 ances they present. 
 
 They may also be simple, or complicaied with 
 adhesion, amaurosis, specks, &c. ; and primary 
 or primitive, when opajcs before the operation ; 
 — secondary, when tiie opacity is the result of 
 the operation. 
 
 Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly in- 
 dividuals, although, not unfrequently, congen'- 
 ital. It forms slowly; objects are at first seen 
 as through a mist; j.ight, bodies appear to fly 
 before the eyes, and it is not until after months 
 or years that the sight . is wholly lost. No 
 means will obviate the evil except an operation, 
 which consists in removing tlfe obstacle to the 
 passage of the light to the retina. Four chief 
 methods are employed for this purpose. 1. 
 Couching or Depr'ession, Hyalonix'is, JECyalo- 
 nyx'is, (F.) Abaissement, Deplacement de la 
 Cataracte. .This consists in passing a cataract 
 needle through the sclerotica /and subjacent 
 membranes, a little above the transverse dia- 
 meter of the eye; and- at about two lines' dis- 
 tance from the circumference of the transparent 
 cornea, until the point larrives in the posterior 
 chamber of the eye. With this the crystalline 
 is depressed to the outer and lower part of the 
 globe of the eye, where it is left. 2. By ab- 
 sorption, — by the French termed broiement, or 
 bruising. This is performed in the same man- 
 ner as the former ; except that, instead of turn- 
 ing the qrystalline from the axis of the visual 
 rays, it is divided by, the cutting edge of the 
 needle, and its fragments are scattered in the 
 humours of the eye, where they are absorbed. 
 3. Sy extraction, which consists in opening, 
 with a particular kind of knife, the transparent 
 cornea and the anterior portion of the capsule 
 of the crystalline ; and causing the lens to issue 
 through the aperture. Each of the processes 
 has its advantages and disadvantages, and all 
 are used by surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a 
 cataract nee(^le through the transparent cornea 
 and pupil to the crystalline, and depress or 
 cause its absorption. This is called Kerato- 
 nyxis, which see. 
 
 Cataract, Black, Amaurosis— ^-c. Capsular, 
 see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cata- 
 ract — c. Central, Centradiapnanes — c. Cheesy, 
 see Cataract — c. Congenital, see Cataract — c. 
 Complicated, see Cataract — c. Fixed, see Cata- 
 ract — c. Genuine, see Cataract — c. Lenticular,' 
 see Cataract — c. Membranous, see Cataract — 
 c. Milky, see Cataract — c. Opake, see Cataract 
 — rc. ■primary, see Cataract — c. Primitive, see 
 
 Cataract — c. Secondary, see Cataract — c. Sim- 
 ple, see Cataract — c. Spurious, see Cataract—*, 
 c. Stony, see Cataract — c. Vacillating, see Ca- 
 
 +*> TFI of 
 
 CATARACTA, Cataract— c. Arida sili- 
 qiipsa, see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis, 
 see Cataract— c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes— 
 c. Dimidiata, see Cataract — c. Fenestrata, see 
 Cataract — c, Glauca, Glaucoma — c. Lacticolor, 
 Cataract, milky— -c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta— 
 c. Marmoracea, see Cataract-^c. Morgagniana, 
 see Cataract — c. Nigra, Amaurosis — c. Punc- 
 tata, see Cataract — c. Stellata, see Cataract. 
 
 CATARACTE,'ABAISSEMENT DELA, 
 see Cataract — c. Blanche, see Cataract— e. 
 Branlante, see Cataract — c. Brune, see Cataract 
 — c. Caseuse, see Cataract — rc. Deplacement de 
 ^o, see Cataract — c. Fixe, see Cataract — c. ijfrise, 
 see Cataract — c. Jaune, see Cataract— e. -£«>'- 
 teuse, see Cataract — c. Noire, Amaurosis,, see 
 Cataract — e.Perlee, see Cataract — c. PierreUae, 
 see Cataract — c. Verte, see Cataract. 
 
 CATARACTA, (F.) Catarac'tus, Catarais'td 
 vitia'tus. One afiiected with cataract. The 
 French use this term, both for *the eye affected 
 with cataract and the patient himself. - 
 
 CAT ARIA, see Nepeta. • 
 
 CATARRH^, Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopws, Co- 
 •tarrheu'ma, Rheuma, Deflux'io, Catastag'ma, 
 Fhlegmatorrhag"ia, Phlegmatorrhce'a, froSl 
 xara, ' dovvnwards,' and jtm, 'I flow.' A dis- 
 charge of fluid from a mucous membrane. The 
 ancients considered catarrh as a simple flux, 
 aiid not as an inflamniation. Generallyit par- 
 takes of this character, however. Catarrh is, 
 with us, usually restricted to inflammation 
 of the mucous membrane of the air-passages: 
 the French extend it to that of all mucous mem- 
 branes. {'B.)Fluxmuqueux,Fluxioncatanhule. 
 
 Catarrh, in the English sense, Brdncho-ca- 
 tar'rhus, Pul'mohary Catarrh, hung fever, 
 (vulgarly;) Rheuma Pec'toris, Desiilla'tio Pec- 
 toris, Catar'rhus Pec'toris, C, Pulmo'n-wm, C, 
 Pulmona'lis, C. Bronchia'lis, Blennop'tysis, 
 Tus'sis catarrha'lis simplex, Grave' do (of many) 
 Febris Catarrha'lis, B,lennotho'rax, Bronchi'- 
 tis, Catar'rhus a Fri'gorl, (F.) Catarrhe pul'- 
 monaire, Fievre Catarrhale, Rhume ■ de Poi- 
 trine, a Cold, is a superficial inflammation of 
 the mucous follicles of the trachea and bronchi. 
 It is commonly an aflfection of but little conse- 
 quence, but apt to relapse and become chrotiie. 
 It is characterized by cough, thirst, lassitude, 
 fever, watery eyes, with increased secretion of 
 mucus from the air-passages; The antiphlo- 
 gistic regimen and time usually remove it.i- 
 Sometimes, the inflammation of the bronchial 
 tubes is so great as to prove fatal. , 
 
 Cataeeh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Me- 
 tritis — c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic)-;C. 
 Dry, see Bronchitis — c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis, 
 Catarrh — c. Rose, Fever, hay — c. Suffocating 
 nervous. Asthma Thymicum — c. Summer, Fe- 
 ver, hay. 
 
 Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus epidti$'- 
 icus, C. a conta'gio, Rheutna epidem'iciim. Ca- 
 tarrh prevailing owing to some particular Cm- 
 stittUiS aeris , and affecting a whole country:— 
 Influenza, (q. v.) 
 
 CATARRHACTA, Cataract. 
 
 C ATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'lis, Catarrho'ims, 
 Catarrho'it'icus, Catarrhoetficus. Relating to 
 catarrh, — as Catarrhal Fever, &c. &c. 
 
CATARRHS AIGUE DE L'UTERUS 159 
 
 CATHARTIC 
 
 CAT4RRHE AIGUE DE L'V'MRUS, see 
 Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphtha — 'C. ConviUsivji, 
 Bronchitis — cGastriquCj Gastiltis; — c. Guttural, 
 Cynanche tpnsillaris — b. Intestinal, Diarrhoea 
 — e. Laryngiev, Laryngitis — e. Nasai, Coryza 
 — c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia— c. de I'Oreille, Otir- 
 rhoea— c. Pharyngien, Cynanche parotidea — c-, 
 Tituiteux, Bronchorrhffia — e. Fulmonaire, Ca-r 
 tarrh — e. Sec; see Bronchitis — c. Stomacalj 
 Gastrorrhoea — c. Vierin, Leuoorrhoea^-^c. Vesi- 
 cal, Cystorrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHEC'TICA, from xaTaegijyvu,!.*,'! 
 break down.' Remedies considered proper for 
 evacuating ; — as diuretics, cathartics, &c. Hip- 
 ]jocrates. 
 . CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEUX, (F.) Catarrho'sus. One 
 subject to catarrh; affected with catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is ; same ety- 
 mon as Catarrkectica : the action of Catarrhec- 
 tlca. Also, effusion ;, evacuation of the bowels. 
 
 CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrcmentj 
 (q- v.») — c. Vera, Haemato^ihezia. 
 
 CAT ARRHCEA, Rheumatism. 
 
 CATARRHOET'ICUS, from x<traQQt«, 'I 
 flow from.' An epithet for disease, produced 
 by a discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal. 
 
 CATAR'RHOPA PHYMATA,fromKaT«5- 
 5<woc, xxtxQQifTrv;, 'sloping downwards.' Tu- 
 bercles tending downwards, or with their apices 
 downwards. 
 
 CATARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
 
 CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. v 
 
 CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rkysis,fxom nara, 
 'downwards,' and jb^n, 'inclination.' An af- 
 flux of fluids towards the inferior parts, and 
 especially towards the viscera of tiie abdomen. 
 The Greek word araQQoiria. expresses an oppo- 
 site phenomenon, or a tendency towards the 
 upper parts. 
 
 CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh. 
 
 CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from Mxa^io;:, 'ca- 
 tarrh,' and crj^eo-it, i snpplression.' The. sup- 
 pression of a mucous discharge. 
 
 CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis— c. .Esti- 
 vus. Fever, hay — c. Bellinsulanus, Cyjianche 
 parotidsea — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. Bron- 
 chiorum. Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza 
 — c. Epidemicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic 
 ' — c. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea — c. Gonorrhoea, 
 Gonorrh,(Ea — <;. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. La- 
 ryngeus,Laryngo-catarrhus — c.adNares.Coryza 
 — c. Nasalis, Coryzfi — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh 
 — c. Pulmonuin, Bronchitis, Catarrh-^c Seni- 
 lis, Bronchitis, (chronic) — c. Suffocativus Bar- 
 badensis, C . trachealis — c. Trachealis, Laryngo- 
 catarrhus — c, Urethrae, Gonorrhoea pura — c. 
 Urethralis, Gonorrhcea — c.Vesicae, Cystorrhoea. 
 
 CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion. 
 
 CATARTISIS, Catartismus. 
 ' CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'tisis, from xara^- 
 Tit«», 'to repair, replace.' The coaptation of 
 a luxated or fractured bone, or hernia. 
 • CATASARCA, Anasarca. ' 
 
 CATASCEUE, Structure. 
 
 CATASGHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarifica- 
 tion. , , , 
 
 CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza. 
 
 CATASTALAGMTJS, Coryza, Distillation. 
 
 CATASTALTICA, Hsmatostatica, Seda- 
 tives. 
 
 CATAS'TASIS, from xuSio-t^/ai, 'I esta- 
 blish.' The constitution, state, condition, &c.. 
 
 of any thing. — Hippocrates. Also the reduc- 
 tion of a bone. See Constitution^ and Habit of 
 Body. 
 
 CATAT'ASIS, from kotxth™, ' I extend,' 
 extension, (q. v.) The extension and redac- 
 tion of a fractured limb. — Hippocrates.- 
 
 CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression. 
 
 CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa. , 
 
 CATAXIS, Fracture. 
 
 CATCH FLY, Apocynum andjroBaemifolium, 
 Silene Virginica. . 
 
 CATCHUP, Ketchup. 
 
 CAT'ECHU. - The extract of various parts 
 of the Aea'cia Cat'eckti, Cacst'chu, an oriental 
 tree. The drug is also called Terra Japon'ica, 
 Extrac'tum Catechu, Japan Earth, Cascheu, 
 Cadtchu, Cashow, Caitchu, Castjoe, Cacau, 
 Cate, Kaath, Cuti, Cwieb, Caira, Suceus Ja- 
 pon'ieus, (F.) Cachoit, It is a powerful as- 
 tringent, and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal he- 
 morrhage, &c. Dose gr. xv. to ,^ss in powder. 
 
 Catechu, Square, see Nauclea gambir. 
 
 CATEIAD'ION, from )coTa,j.Bd t/a, 'a blade 
 of grass.' A long instrument,'thrust into the 
 nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headache. — r 
 
 CATENAE MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus. 
 
 CATEDNESIS, Catantlema. 
 
 CATGUT, Galega Virginiana. 
 
 CATH^'RESIS, x«a=t/§t(T.;, 'subtraction, di- 
 minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing 
 to forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action 
 o'f catheretics (q. v.) 
 
 CATH^RETICUS, Catheretic. 
 
 CATHARETICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 CATHARISMOS, Depuration. 
 
 CATHAR'MA, Pwgament'wm. The matter 
 evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous 
 purging : also, a cathartic, (q. v.) 
 
 CATHAR'MUS. Same etymon.; a purga- 
 tion. — ^Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a dis-i 
 ease by magici &c. 
 
 CATHAR'SIS, from Ka^aigttr, {xsl&' and 
 atqtir, 'to take away,') 'to ^uxge.' ^Purga'tio, 
 Apocathar' sis , Gopropho'ria, Coprophore'sis, A 
 natural or artificial purgation of any passage ; — 
 mouth, anus, vagina, &c. 
 
 CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticus, Cathara^ticus, 
 Cathar'Tna, Coprocrit'icum, Coprago' gum, I/iis- 
 tramen'tuTn, Purgans medicament^cm, Trichi- 
 Hum, Dejecto'riiim Reme'dium, Eccathar'ticus, 
 Hypacticus, Hopochoret'icus, Alvum evacuans, 
 Hypel'atoSy Lapac'ticus, Apocathar'ticus, Same 
 etymon. (W.)Cathartique. A medicine, which, 
 when taken internally, increases the number of 
 alvine evacuations. Some substances act upon 
 the upper part of the intestinal canal, as calomel 
 and colocynth; others, on the lower part, as 
 aloes; and some on the whole extent, as saline 
 purgatives. Hence a choice may be necessary. 
 Cathartics are divided into purgatives and laxa- 
 tives, (q. V.) The following is a list of the 
 chief cathartics : 
 
 Aloe, Cassia Marilandica,'Colocynthis, Ela- 
 terium, Gambogia, Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, 
 Hydrargyri 6xydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum 
 Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia, Magne- 
 siae Carbonas, .Magnesias Sulphas, Manrfa, Man- 
 nita. Oleum Euphorbias Lathyridis, OJeum Ri- 
 cini, Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, PotassseAce- 
 tas, Potassae Bisulphas, Potassse Sulphas, Po- 
 ta,ssaB Bitartras, Potass^ Tartras, Rheum Scam- 
 monium, Senna, Sinapis, Sodas , et Potassas 
 
CATHARTINE 
 
 160 
 
 CAUDLE 
 
 Tartras, Sodse Phospbas, Sodas Sulphas, Sbdii 
 Chloridum, Sulphur, Veratria, Aquse Minerales 
 'SulphureaB et Salinae, Enemata, Suppositoria. 
 
 CATHARTINE, see Casaia Senna, and Con- 
 volvulus jalapa. 
 
 CATHARTIWrSi Cathartic. 
 
 CATHARTO€A.RPlJS, Cassia fistula. 
 
 CATHEDRA, Anus. 
 
 CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
 
 CATHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
 
 CATHERET'IC, Catharet'idi^, Ectylot'- 
 icuSf Sarcoph'agus, from -Ka^ate^e/i', ' to r^?^)' 
 'destroy.' Suhstances applied to vvarts,.'lxu- 
 herant. granulations, &c., to' eat theili < down. 
 JUild causties. 
 
 CATH'ETER, from «a9inf^i (xoS', and ir,fit, 
 ' to send,*) ' I explore.' ^ne'a, Al'galie, Gu- 
 thete'ris, Demissor, Imntts'sor. A hollow tube, 
 introduced by surgeons into the urinary blad-' 
 der, for the purpose of drawing 'off the urine. 
 Catheters are njade of silver or elastic gum. 
 See Bougie. The French generally use thfe 
 Word cathetenSox the solid sovnd oj staff; and 
 algalie and sonde for the hollow instrument. 
 
 CATHETERIS, Catheter. 
 
 CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus. 
 
 CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risis, Cathete- 
 risa'tio, CsAWeterismy Vatheteri'za'tion^ Irn/inis'- 
 sio Catheteris, same etymon. The introduction 
 of a catheter or Sound into the bladder or Eusta- 
 chian tube. Also probing a wound. Melosls, 
 (q. V.) 
 
 CATHETERtZATION, Catheterismus. 
 
 CATHID'RYSIS, from >.a9tS(ivu, 'I place 
 together.' Reduction of a part to its natural 
 situation. 
 
 CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum. 
 
 CATHMIR, Calamina. 
 
 CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeurs- 
 Ciitholiques , are the Juids spread over the whole 
 .body. , 
 
 CATHOLICON, Panacea. 
 
 Cathol'ioon Duplex. An ancient, purging 
 electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds, 
 rhubarb, senna, &c. 
 
 CATHOLICUM, Panacea. 
 
 CATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces. 
 
 CATILLUS, Cup. 
 
 CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. 
 
 CATLING, Knife, double-edged. 
 
 CATa, xKTa.,' below,' 'beneath.' This word, 
 in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for 
 the abdomen, especially the intestines. When 
 he advifees a remedy xaTm, he means a purga- 
 tive; when aro), above or upwards, an emetic. 
 Asa prefix, Cato means ' beneath,' as in 
 
 CATOCATHARTIC,Ca!«oca«Aa>-'«i(aM,from 
 «<Ta, ' downwards,' and Ka5aijEai, 'I purge.' A 
 medicine, vi^htch purges downwards. One that 
 produces alvine evacuations. The antithesis to 
 Anacathartic. ' , 
 
 CATOCHA GALENI, Catalepsy. 
 
 CAT'OCHE, Cat'ocheis, Cat'ochus, from 
 xaT8_ym, 'I retain,' 'I hold fast.' This v^ord 
 has, by ^ome, been used synonymously with 
 Catalepsy, (q. v.); by others, with Coma vigil; 
 by others, with Tetanus. 
 
 CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis— c. Cer- 
 vinus. Tetanus — c. Holotoniciis, Tetanus — c. 
 Infanturh, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 CATOMIS'MOS, froiii xara, 'beneath,' and 
 oii'-r, 'shoulder.' Siihhumera'tio. A mode 
 with tie ancients of reducing luxation of the 
 
 humerus by raising the body by the arm.— 
 Paulus of Mgim- 
 
 CATOPTER, Speculum. 
 
 CATOP'TRIC EXAMINA'TION OF THE 
 EYE. When a lighted candle is held before 
 the eye, three images of -it are seen — two erect, 
 and one inverted : — the former owing to reflec- 
 tion from the cornea and' anterior Surface of the 
 crystalline; the latter owing to reflection from 
 the posteirior layer of the crystalline. This 
 mode of examining the eye has been proposed 
 as a means of diagnosis between cataract and 
 amaurosis. In the latter, all the images are 
 seeiii, . , '' ' 
 
 C AT0PTROMANCY,from r.aTmtqov,(MH, 
 and oTiTo/^ai,) 'a mirror,' and /taVrsia, 'divina- 
 tion.' A kind of divination by means of a 
 mirror. • 
 
 CATOPTRON, Speculum. 
 .. CATORCHi'TfES,' A kind of sour -wide, 
 prepared with the orchis and black grape, or 
 dried fig§. Itwas formerly employed as a diu- 
 retic and emmenagogne. — DioscorideS. Called, 
 also, Sycites. — Galen. i 
 
 CATORETICUS, Purgative. ' 
 
 CATOTERlCUSi Purgative, 
 
 CATOT'ICAjrom zara, 'beneath.' Diseases 
 infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids 
 or emunctories, that open on the internal sur- 
 faces of orgafts. The second order in the class 
 Eecriticd of Good. 
 
 CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from xaro, 'an in- 
 tensive,' and ojuf, 'acute.' Highly acute; as 
 Morbus Catoxys, M. Peracutus, a very acute 
 
 CAT'S EYE, AMAUROTIC, see Amau- 
 rotic. ' 
 
 CATSrdOT, Antennaria dioica. ' "^ 
 
 CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia. 
 
 CATTITEROS, Tin. , 
 
 CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum. 
 
 CAUCALOIDES, Patella. 
 
 eAXICHEMAR, Incubus: 
 
 CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus. 
 
 CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc. 
 
 CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis. 
 
 Cauda Eciui'na. The spinal marrow, at its 
 termination, about the 2d lumber . vertebra, 
 gives off a considerable number of nerves, 
 which, when, unravelled, resemble a horse's 
 tail, — hence the name; (F.) Qume-de Chsval, 
 Q. de la Moelle Apiniere. See Medulla spinalis. '^ 
 
 Cauda Salax; Penis. 
 
 CAUDAL, Catidate, Cauda'lis, Oaiii^tus; 
 from Cauda, 'a tail.' Having a tail or tail-like 
 appendage: — as 'caudal or caudate corpuscles' 
 — corpuscles having a tail-like append^e, as in 
 cancerous growths. 
 
 CAUDA'TIO. An extraordinary elongation 
 of the clitoris.^ — Blasius. 
 
 CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus, 
 
 CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Caudiez is a small town, nine leagues from 
 Perpignan, where there is a thermal spring, 
 containing a little sulphate of soda and iron. 
 
 CAUDLE : from (F.) chaiod, ' warm or hot.' 
 A nourishing gruel given to women daring the 
 childbed state. The following is a form for it: 
 Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, putj whilst it 
 is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with 
 sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold 
 water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. , Mix the 
 
CAUL 
 
 161 
 
 CAUSES, PHYSICAL 
 
 whole well together. Brandy i3 sometimes 
 substituted for the -wine, and lemon peel or 
 capillaire added. It is also sometimes made of 
 gruel and beer, with sugar and nutmeg. 
 
 CAUL, from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pilus, 
 , PiWolus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe, Coiffe — 
 (Etre n'e ebiffe — "to be born with a caul.") 
 The English name for the omentum. Also, 
 when a child is born with the membr^es 
 over the face, it is said to have been " bom. 
 with a caul." In the catalogue of superstitions, 
 this is one of the favourable omens. The caul 
 itself is supposed to confer privileges upon the 
 possessor ; hence the membranes are dried, and 
 sometimes sold for a high price. See Epiploon. 
 CAULE'DON, Sicye'dony ixma MMMt, 'a 
 stalk.' A transverse fracture. 
 
 CAUfLIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' 
 and^ower [?], Brassica Florida. 
 
 Catjliflowee ExcRts'CENOE, Excrescen'tia 
 Syphilit'iea, (F.) Chovjleur. A syphilitic ex 
 crescence, which appears about the origin of 
 the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus 
 and vulva, and which resembles, in appearance, 
 the head of the cauliflower. 
 CAULIS, Penis — c. Florida, Brassica Florida. 
 CAULOPHYLXUM THALICTROI'DES, 
 Leon'ticS thalictro'i'deSj Slueherry Cohosh, Co- 
 hoshf Cohushj Blueberry , Papoose Root, Squaw. 
 Root, Blue Gins&ng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant 
 of the Family Berberideae ; Sex. Syst. Hexan- 
 dria Monogynia, which grows all over the 
 United States, flowering in May and June. 
 The infusion of the root is much used by th? 
 Indians in various diseases. - To it are ascribed 
 emraenagogue and diaphoretic virtues. 
 
 CAULOPLE'GIA, from xauxoc, 'the male 
 organ,' and nktiyii, ' a wound,' or ' stroke.' An 
 injury or paralysis of the male organ. 
 
 CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis— c. Ejacu- 
 latoria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c. Stillatitia, 
 Urethrorrhagia. 
 
 CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea 
 pUra. 
 CAULUS, Penis. 
 
 CAUMA, xttv/^dL, 'a burnt part,' from k«/m, 
 ' I burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere. 
 Synocha (q. V.) Empresma (q. v.) 
 
 Cauma Bronchitis, Cynanche trachealis — c. 
 Carditis, Carditis — c. Enteritis, Enteritis— c. 
 Gastritis, Gastritis — c. Hsemorrhagicum, Hae- 
 morrhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. 
 Ophthalmitis, Ophthalmia — c. Peritonitis, Peri- 
 tonitis — c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c. Pleuritis, 
 Pleuri|is— c. Podagricum, Gout— c. Rheuma- 
 tismus, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 CAUMATO'DES, Cawmate'rus, from navfca, 
 ' fire heat.' Burning hot. Febrii: eaumato'des, 
 F. causo'des. Inflammatory fever. Svnocha. 
 CAUNGA, Areca. 
 
 CAUSA C ON JUNCT A, Cause; proximate— 
 c. Continens, Cause, proximate. 
 
 OAUS^ ABDIT^, Causes, predisponent or 
 remote — c. Actuales, Causes, occasional — c. 
 Prasincipientes, Causes, procatarctic — c. Proe- 
 gumenae. Causes, predisponent. 
 
 CAUSE,- Cau'sa, Ai'tia, Ai'tion, An act 
 which precedes ariotherj and seems to be a ne- 
 cessary, condition for the occurrence of the 
 latter. The causes of disease are generally ex- 
 tremely obscure; although they, sometimes-, 
 are evident enough. The predisponent and oc- 
 casional causes are the only two, on which any 
 
 stress can be laid; but as authors have divided 
 them differently, a short explanation is neces- 
 sary. 
 
 Cause, Ac'oessoev, (F.) Cause Accessoire. 
 One which has only a secondary influence in the 
 production of disease. 
 
 Causes, Aooident'ai., Common Causes, (F.) 
 Causes Accidantelles , are those which act only 
 in certain given conditions; and which do not 
 always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g., 
 may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, 
 rheumatism, &c. 
 
 Causes C^Cfl^ES,C. occult— c. Com- 
 mon, C. accidental — c. Exciting, C. Occasional, 
 — c. Essential, C. Specific — e. Determinantes, 
 C. Specific — c. Aloignies, C. Predisponent. 
 
 Causes, Extern'al, (F.) Causes externes,aie 
 such as act externally to the individual ; as air, 
 cold, &c. 
 
 CAUSES FORMELLES, (F.) are such as 
 determine the form or kind of disease. They 
 differ from the Causes materielles, which are 
 common to a set of diseases ; as, to the neuroses, 
 phlegmasiae, &c. • 
 
 Causes, Hidden, C. occult. 
 
 Causes, Inteen'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are 
 those vvhich arise within the body; — as mental' 
 emotions, &c. 
 
 Causes, JMechan'ical, (F^) Causes meca- 
 niques, are those which act mechanically, as 
 pressure upon the windpipe in inducing suffoca- 
 tion. 
 
 Causes, Neg'ative, (F.) Causos negatives, 
 comprise all those things, the privation of which 
 may derange the functions ; — as abstinence too 
 long continued. They are opposed tQ ^o*«Vi»e 
 causes, which, of themselves, directly induce 
 disease ; — as the use of indigestible food, spi- 
 rituous drinks, &c. 
 ' Causes, Obscure, C. occult. 
 
 Causes, Ocoasion'al, Exciting Causes, 
 Causee actuaries, (F.) Catcses occasianelles, 
 are those Which immediately produce disease. 
 The occasional causes have been divided into 
 the cognizable and non-cognizable.— C. J. B. 
 Williams. 
 
 I. Cognizable Agents. 
 
 1. Mechanical. 
 
 2. Chemical. 
 
 3. Ingesta. 
 
 4. Bodily exertion. 
 
 5. Mental emotion. 
 
 6. Excessive evacuation. 
 
 7. Suppressed or defective eva- 
 
 cuation. 
 
 8. Defective cleanliness, venti- 
 
 lation and draining. 
 
 9. Temperature and changes. 
 
 excitins 
 Causes 
 
 OF 
 
 Disease. 
 
 II. -Non-Cognizable Agents. 
 
 1. Endemic. ) 
 
 2. Epidemic. \ Poisons; 
 
 3. Infectious, y > 
 
 Causes, Occult', Hidden causes, Obscure 
 causes, (F.) Causes .bceultes ou cachees o^x ob- 
 scures. Any causes with which we are unac- 
 quainted ; also, certain inappreciable characters 
 of the atmosphere, which give rise to epide- 
 mics. 
 
 Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques, 
 — those wiiich act by virtue of their physical 
 
CAUSE PROCHAINE 
 
 163 
 
 CAVA 
 
 properties ; as form, hardness &c. All vulne- 
 rating bodies belong to this class. - 
 
 Causes, Pi-iysiolog"ical, {'F .) Causes. Fhy- 
 siologiques, tliose which act only on living 
 matter ;^naircotics, for example. 
 
 CaVses, Pkedispo'kent, Remote causes. 
 Causes proegu'mence^ Causes ah'ditce. Causes 
 remo'tm ; (F.) Causes predisfonafites. Causes 
 eloigneesi — ^those which render the body liable 
 to disease. They may be ^general, affecting a 
 number of people, or particular, affecting only 
 one person. 
 
 Causes, Pbin'cipal, (^.\Causes principales 
 -^those which exert the chief influence on the 
 production of disease, as distinguished from the 
 accessory causes* 
 
 Causes, Procataec'tic, Causes procatarc'ti- 
 cee. Causes praincipien'tes,ftomv^oy.:tTa^Krtxog; 
 ' the origin or beginning of a thing,' (xarap/u, 
 «I begin,' and Hjo, 'before.');. T^hese words 
 have beeii used with different significations. 
 Some haVe employed them synonymously with 
 predisponent or renwte causes, others, with 
 occasional or exciting causes* f 
 
 CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate. 
 
 Cause, Prox'imate, Causa pro3:*imave\con'~ 
 tinens vel conjunc'ta, (Y .) Caiise continents ou 
 prochaine, is the <iisease itself. Superabundance 
 of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of ple- 
 thora. 
 
 Causes, Remote, C. predisponent. 
 
 Causes, Speoif'ic, Essen'tial causes, ij-c. (F.) 
 Causes spsdjiques^ C. essentielles, C. determi- 
 nantes; those which always produce a determi- 
 nate disease ; contagion, for example. 
 
 CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, 
 Incendium, Ustion. 
 
 CAUSOMA, Inflammation. 
 
 CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticus, Cauteret'icus, Dix- 
 ret'ieus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, TJrens, Pyrot'icus, 
 from nitio), 'I burn.' (F.) Caustique. Bodies, 
 which have the property of causticity;, and 
 which, consequently, burn or disorganize ani- 
 mal substances. The. word is ^also used sub- 
 stantively. The most active are called Escha- 
 rot'ics. Caustics are also called ' corrosives.' 
 
 Caustic Bearer., Porte-caustigue, 
 
 CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 
 CAUSTICITY, Caustic'itas, from xavtiTi- 
 r.'-if, ' that which burns,' (nam), ' I burn.') The 
 impression which caustic bodies malce on the 
 organ of taste j or, more commonly, the pro- 
 perty which distinguishes those bodies. 
 
 CAUSTICOPHORUM, .Porte-pierre. 
 
 CAUSTICDM ALKALINUM, Po.tassafusa 
 — c. Amerieanum, Veratrum sabadilla — c. An- 
 timoniale, Antimonium muriatum — c. Com- 
 mune, Potassa fusa — c. Commune acerrimum, 
 Potassa fusa — c. Commune fortius, Potassa cum 
 calce — c. Xunare, Argenti nitras — c. Potentiale, 
 Potassa fusa — c. Salinum, Potassa fusa. 
 
 Causticum Commu'ne, Poten'tial Catt'tery, 
 CoTTmton Caustic, Caute'rium potsntia'lS, Lapis 
 ssp'tictis, Caus'ticum commit'nt mit'ius* This 
 consists of quicklime and hlaclc soap, of each 
 equal parts. 
 
 CAUSTIQUE, Caustic. 
 
 CAUS TIQUE-FILROS, see Powder, Vienna. 
 
 CAUSTIQUE DE VIENNE, Powder, 
 Vienna. 
 
 CAUSUS, from xaim, " I burn.' A highly 
 ardent fever; Deu'rsns. Pinel regards it as a 
 complication of bilious and inflammatory fever; 
 
 Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accompanied 
 with bilious symptoms. See Synocha. 
 
 Causus, Endbmial, of the West Indies, 
 Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus^ Fever, 
 yellow. 
 
 CAUTER, Cauterium. 
 
 CAUTkRE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — e. In- 
 herent, Inherent cautpry. 
 
 CAUTERETICUS, Caustic. 
 
 CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues from Bariges 
 {Hautes-Pyrenees,) France. The waters are 
 hydrosulphurous and thermal— temperature 123° 
 F. They are used in the same cases as Uie 
 Bareges water. ■ 
 
 CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization. 
 
 GAUTE'RIUM, Cauterium aetua'U, Canter, 
 Cau'tery; Inusto'rium, Rupto'rium, Ignis ac- 
 tua'lis, from xaim, 'I burn*' (F.) Cautin, 
 Fsu actuel. A substance, used for, ' firing,* 
 burning or disorganizing the parts \o which it 
 is applied. Cauteries were divided, by the an- 
 cients into actual and potential. The word is 
 now restricted to the red-hot iron; or to positive 
 burning. It was, forrnerly, much used for pre- 
 vehting hemorrhage from divided arteries; and 
 also with the same views as a blister; Th^ 
 term Poten'tial Cautery ,'Caute'Hu^potsntia'li, 
 Ignis potentiu'lis, (F.) Feu pcttentiel, was gene- 
 rally applied to the causticum commune, (q. v.) 
 but it is now used synonymously with caustic 
 in general. 
 
 Cautire also means an issue.. ; 
 
 CauteriIjm Ac'tuale, Cauterium. 
 
 CAUTERIZA'TION, Cauterisa'tio, Cmte. 
 rias'mus,Exus'tio,Inus'tio,Caus'ticaAdus'tiot 
 Firing. The effect of a cautery. -TheFrencli, 
 amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis- 
 tinguish five kinds : 1 . Cauterisation InMrente, 
 which consists in applying the actual cautery 
 freely, and with a certain degree of force, so as 
 to disorganize deeply. 2. Cauterisation trimir 
 currents, which consists in passing,the edge of 
 the Cautire cultellaire, or the point of the Caih 
 tire conique lightly, so as not to disorganize 
 deeply. 3. 'Cauterisation par :pqintBS, which 
 consists in applying on the skin, here and thert, 
 the hot point of the conical cautery, witl^ suffi- 
 cient force to cauterize the whole thickness of 
 the skin. 4. Cauterisation lenie,slov) eauferi- 
 zation, by means of the moxa. 5. Cavfema- 
 tion ffbjective, which consists in holding the 
 cautery at some distance from the part t" ^i. 
 acted upon by it. 
 
 To 'Cau'terize; Caustico adurere^' (F.) 
 Cattteriser. To apply the cautery. ' To burn 
 with a cautery. 
 
 CAUTERY, Cauterium— c. Potential, Caus- 
 ticum commune. 
 
 CAVA, Vulva. 
 
 Cava -Vena," Vsna hepati'tes. The hollow 
 or deep-seated vein. (F.) Vein^ cave. A nariie 
 given to the two great veins of the body, -whicli 
 meet at the right auricle of the heart. The 
 vena cava supe'rior, tharac"ica vel descen'deiU) 
 is formed by the union of the subclavians; and 
 receives successively, before its termination at 
 the upper part of the right auricle, the inferior 
 thyroid, right internal Tnairmiary, superior dia- 
 phragmatic, azygos, &c. The vena cavainfe'- 
 rior, ahdomina'lis ve\ ascen'dens, arises from 
 the uijion- of the two primary iliars, opposite 
 the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, receives fhe 
 
CAVATIO 
 
 163 
 
 CEBIPARA 
 
 middle sacral, lumbar, right spermatic, he- 
 piitic, suid inferior diaphragm^itics, and opens 
 at the posterior and inferior part of the right 
 auricle. 
 
 CAVATIO, Cavity. 
 
 CAVEA, Cavity — c. Narlum, Nares. 
 
 CAVER'NA, Antrum. 'A cavern/ This 
 term has been used for the female organs of 
 generation. See Ca,vity, and Vulva. 
 
 CxvERNA Naeium, Nares. 
 
 GAVERNjE DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium 
 — c. Frontis, Frontal Sinuses. 
 
 CAVERNEUX, Cavernous. 
 
 CAVERNOUS, Caverno'sus, (F.) Caver- 
 neux. Filled with small cavities or caverns,- 
 as a sponge. . 
 
 Caveemous Bodies, Cor'^ra CavemoS'a of 
 the penis, Cor'pora nervo'sa, (7. Ner'veo-spon- 
 gio'sa Penis, (F.) Corps Caverneux. The cor- 
 pus cavernosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, se- 
 parated, through its whole extent, by a vertical, 
 incomplete septum; and forming nearly two 
 thirds of the penis. The corpus cavernosum, 
 on each side, arises from the ascending portion 
 of the ischium, and terminates obtusely behind 
 the glaiis. The arteries of the corpora caver- 
 nosa come from the internal pudic. See Heli- 
 cine Arteries. Nerves are found on the surface 
 of the outer membrane, b^t they do not appear 
 to penetrate the substance. ^ 
 
 J, Miiller's researches have led him to infer, 
 that both in man and the horse, the nerves of 
 the corpora cavefnosa are made up of branches 
 proceeding from the organic as well as the ani- 
 mal system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone 
 provide the nerves of sensation of the penis. 
 
 Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of 
 the Clitoris, are two hollow crura, forming the 
 clitoris. 
 
 Cavernous Body of the Vagina, Corpus 
 Caverno'sum Yagi'ncs, Plexus retiform,'is, is a 
 substance, composed of blood-vessels and cells, 
 similar to, those of the penis and clitoris, which 
 covers the outer extremity of the vagina, on 
 each side. It serves to contract the entrance 
 to the vagina during coition. 
 
 Cavernous Respiraiion, (F.) When a ca- 
 vity exists in the lungs, and one or more raipi- 
 fications of th? bronchia terminate in it, a loud 
 tubal noise is emitted, provided the cavity be 
 not filled with fluid, which is called cavernous 
 respiration. In this condition the cough is ca- 
 eerjjozw likewise. (V .)TouxCavemeuse. When 
 ■ the capacity of the cavern is very great, the 
 sound of respiration is like that produced by 
 blowing into a decanter, with the mouth at a 
 little distance from the neck. This kind of ca- 
 vernous respiration has been called amphoric, 
 from wmphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Respiration am- 
 phorique, Souffie amiphoriqne, S, metallique. 
 
 The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a mo- 
 dification of the cavernous respiration, in which, 
 according to Laennec, "a sort of movable veil 
 interposed between the excavation and the ear " 
 seems to Ije agitated to and frO. It is a sign 
 which is not attended to. ' , 
 
 Cavernous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sus, Sinus 
 ^lymor'phusSRuReceptac'ulum,S.sphenoidalisj 
 'Efeceptac'ulum sellge equi'nsB l^t'eribui appos'i- 
 'tum, (F.) Sinus cavernenx. The Cav'ernous 
 Si'nuses are venous cavities of the dura mater, 
 filled with a multitude of reddish, soft filaments, 
 intersecting each other; and, as it were, reticu- 
 
 lated. They commence behind the inner part 
 of the sphenoid fissure, pass-backwards on the 
 sides of the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by 
 opening into a cavity, common to the superior 
 and inferior petrosal sinuses. They receive 
 some meningeal veins, the ophthalmic veins, 
 &c. The anterior extremity of each cavernous 
 sinus has been -named the ophtkal'mic sinus. 
 
 Cav'ernous Texture or Tissue, (F-) Tissu 
 caverneux. The spongy substance ■ivhich forms 
 the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It 
 seems to consist of a very complicated lace- 
 work of arteries and veins; and, probably, of 
 nervous filaments, with small fibrous plates, 
 which form by their decussation numerous cells 
 communicating with each other. This spongy 
 texture produces erection, by dilating and swell- 
 ing on the influx of blood; and probably, also, 
 by virtue of Some property ^inherent in it. 
 
 CAVIALE, Caviare. 
 
 CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviae. A 
 culinary preparation, much usqd by certain 
 people, and made on the shores of the Black 
 and Caspian Sea, from the roe of the sturgeon, 
 mixed with salt and other condiments. 
 
 CAVIC'ULA, Cavil'la, from cavus, 'hol- 
 low.' The ankle, or space between the mal- 
 leoli. Some have given this name to the os 
 cuneiforme. See Astragalus. 
 
 CAVICDL^ PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus. 
 
 CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula. 
 
 CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum 
 — c. Buccinata, Cdchlea — c. Coehleata, Coch- 
 lea. ; 
 
 Cav'itas Ellip'tica, AmpulHai- A dilata- 
 tion at one end of the semicircular canals of the 
 ear. 
 
 Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — 
 c. Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit — c. Oris, 
 Mouth — c. Pulpae, see Tooth. 
 
 CAyiTATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the 
 brain — c. Duirae matris. Sinuses of the dura ma- 
 ter^c. Innominatae, Auricles of the heart — c. 
 Interscapulares, see Interscapularis. 
 
 CAVn>^, Cavity — c. Bentaire, Dental cavi- 
 ty — c. des Epiploons, see Peritonaeum — c. du 
 Tympan, Tympanum. 
 
 CAVITY, Cav'itas, Cavum, Ccdotes, Calon, 
 Ca'vea, Caver'na, Cava'tio, ( F . ) Caviti. 
 Every thing hollow, as the cranium, mouth, 
 nasal fossas, &c. 
 
 Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavites spldnch- 
 niques,' are those which contain the viscera. 
 They are three in number ; — the cranium, 
 chest, and abdomen. The cavities of bones, 
 connected with joints or otherwise, are de- 
 scribed under their particular denominations. 
 
 CAVUM, Cavity — c. Abdominis, see Abdo- 
 men. 
 
 Cavum Cra'kii, Venter Supre'mus. The 
 cavity formed by the proper bones of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 Cavum Dektis, see Tooth — c. Narium, Nares 
 — c. Oris, Mouth^c. Tympani, Tympanum. 
 
 CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus. 
 
 CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvense. 
 
 CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus. 
 
 CEAR, Heart. 
 
 CEASMA, Fissure. 
 
 CEBI GALLI'N^. The liver of the fowl, 
 bruised. — Castelli. 
 
 CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose 
 
C/SL'SS 
 
 164 
 
 CELLULOSE 
 
 bitter and astringent bark is used in making 
 anti-rheumatic baths and fomentations. 
 
 CEGES, see Quercus alba. 
 
 C&Cir£, Csecitas. 
 
 CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana. 
 
 CEDEIA, Embalming. 
 
 CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix. 
 
 CED'MATA, xiSfiaTo.. Rheumatic pains of 
 the joints, especiall])- of the liipfe, groin or geni- 
 tal organs. A form of gout or rheumatism. 
 
 CEDRAT, Citrus medica. 
 
 CEDRELE'UM, from wdgof, 'the cedar,' and 
 iXam^ ' oil.' The oil of cedar. — Pliny. 
 
 CE'DRI A, Celdrium, Ce'dfinum, CedH ladi'- 
 ryma, AlJdtran. The oil or resin which flows 
 from the. cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed 
 to possess great virtues. Hippocr., Foesius, 
 Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been 
 supposed to be the same as the pyroligneous 
 acid. See Pinus Sylvestris. 
 
 CE'DRINUM VINUMj Cedar Wine.- A 
 wine prepared by steeping half a pound' of 
 bruise^d cedar berries in six French pin|:s of 
 sweet wine. It is diuretic and subastringent. 
 
 CEDRI'TES, from xtijos, ' the cedar.' A 
 wine prepared from the resin of cedar and 
 sweet wine. It was formerly employed as a 
 vermifuge, &c. 
 
 CEDRIUM, Cedria., 
 
 CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica. 
 
 GEDRONELLA, Melissa. 
 
 CEDROS, Juniperus lycia. , 
 
 CEDR:0STIS, Bryonia alba. - 
 
 CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 CEINTTIRE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster. 
 
 CEINTURE BLANCHE DE LA CHO- 
 ROi'DE, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CEINTURE DARTREUSE, Herpes zos- 
 ter — c. de Hildane, Cingulum Hildaui — c. de 
 Vif Argent, Cingulum mercuriale. 
 
 CELANDINE, Impatiens— c. Common, Che- 
 lidonum majus — c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CELAS'TTRUS, Cetei'*2<«, Ceano'thus Ame- 
 rica'nus. New Jersey Tea-, Red Root. Used 
 by the American Indians, iii the same manner 
 as lobelia, for the cure of syphilis. It is slightly 
 bitter and somewhat astringent. A strong in- 
 fusion of the dried leaves and seeds has been 
 recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in 
 scarlatiiia. 
 
 CELATION, (F.) Concealment, from celare, 
 ' to conceal,' A word usedby French medico- 
 legal writers for cases' where' there has been 
 concealment of pregnancy or delivery. 
 
 CELE, v.rilti, ' a tumour, protrusion, or rup- 
 ture ;' a very common suiBx, as in hydrocele, 
 bubonocele, &c. ^ee Hernia. 
 
 CEL'ERY, (F.) Celeri. The English name 
 for a variety of ^pitwi graveohns, (q. v.) 
 
 CELETA, see Hernial. 
 
 CELIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CALIAQUA, Coeliac. 
 
 CELIS, zfjiif, ' a spot, a stain.' A maeula 
 (q. V.) or spot on the skin. 
 
 CELL, Cplla. A small cavity. The same 
 signification as Cellule (q. v.) 
 
 Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell — c. 
 Bronchic, Cellule, bronchic— ^C. Calcigerous, 
 see Tootb. 
 
 Cell, Epideb'mic. The cells or corpuscles 
 that cover the frfee membranous surfaces of the 
 body, and which form the epidermis and epithe- 
 lium, are termed 'epidermic cells.' They are 
 
 developed from germs furnished by the subja- 
 cent membrane. 
 
 Cellj Fat, see Fatty vesicles-^e. Germ, Cy- 
 toblast — c. Germinal, see Cytoblast — c. -Nu- 
 cleated, see Cytoblast. 
 
 Cell Life. The life which is possessed by 
 the separate cells that form the tissues, and by 
 which the nutrition of the tissues is presuihed 
 to be effected. 
 
 Cell, PieMENT< Pigment cells are mingled 
 With the epidermic cellsj and are most manSest 
 in the coloured races. They, are best seen on 
 the inner surface of the choroid. of the eye, 
 where they form the pigmentum nigrum, 
 
 CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica. , 
 
 CELLULA, Cellule. 
 
 CELLUL:S1, see Colon— c. Medullares, see 
 Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonale?, Cellules 
 bronchii, see Pulmo — c. BronchiqsBj see Cel- 
 lule. _ . 
 
 CEL'LULAR, Gellula'ris, Cellu'losus, (F.) 
 Cellulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from 
 celia or cellula, ' a c?ll.' 
 
 Cel'liilab Mem'beane, Membra'na celhM- 
 sa, M. Cellula'ris,' — M. adipo'sa, pingueiimi/- 
 sa, of some, Fannic'idus adipo'sus, — MemT 
 brane formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane 
 cellulaire. Generally used for the tissue it- 
 self. ■ ' 
 
 Cel'lular, System.' The whole of the cel- 
 lular tissue of the human body. , 
 
 Cellular Tissue, Tela ceHula'ris,-T. eellu- 
 lo''sa, T. Mippoc'ratis eribro'sa, Et/wM/pkS,¥e- 
 ticula'ted, jilarnentows, laminated, crih'riform, 
 porous, are'olar, and m-ucous Tissue, Retic'idar 
 ox cellular substance^ Contex'tus eellulo'sm, 
 (F.) Tissii cellulaire, reticule, lamineux, cri- 
 hleux, poreux, areolaire, mugueux, SfC, is the 
 most common of all the organic tissues. Ana- 
 toinists , do not agree regarding its intimate 
 structure. It seems to contain cellules or ir- 
 regular areolse between the fibres and plates ; 
 as well as serum, fat', and the adipous tissue. 
 The cellular tissue or texture unites every part 
 of the body ; determines its shape, and by its 
 elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid 
 which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo- 
 tibn of parts on each other. > 
 
 Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists 
 into the external, general or common cellular 
 tissue — textus cellula'ris interme'dius senlaxus, 
 which does not penetrate the organs, — the cel- 
 lular texture which forms the envelopes of M- 
 gans — textus cellula'ris strictus; and that which' 
 penetrates into the organs, accompanying aiid 
 enveloping all their parts, — the textus cellula'- 
 ris stipa'tus, constituting the basis of all the 
 organs. It has likewise bSen termed Textus 
 organ'icus seu parenchyma'lis. 
 
 Cellulab. Tissue of 'Bones, see Cancelli. 
 
 CEL'LULE, Cel'lula, diminutive of cella, 
 'a cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. Cel- 
 lules are the small cavities between the laminae 
 of the cellular tissue,, corpora cavernosa, &c. 
 
 Cellules or Cells, Beonchic, Cel'lula 
 Bron'chictB seu Pulmona'les, Fori pulmo'nwm, 
 Vesic'ulcB pwlmonahs. The air-cells of the 
 lungs. See Pulmo. 
 
 CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial 
 cells. 
 
 CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound. 
 
 CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cdlnln. 
 The substance which is left after the action 
 
CELLULOSUS 
 
 165 
 
 CENTRADIAPHANES 
 
 upon any kind of vegetable tissue of such sol- 
 vents as are fitted to dissolve out the matter 
 deposited in its cavities and interstices. It has 
 been affirnied, that the tunicated or ascidian 
 moUusca have, in their integuments, a consi- 
 derable quantity of it. 
 CELLULOSUS, Cellular. 
 CELOLOG"IA,.frora xijJi;, 'rupture,' and 
 Joyoc, ' a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia. 
 A treatise on hernia. 
 
 <:EL0S0'MUS, from Kiji.;, ' a rupturS,' and 
 e-afia, ' body.' A monster in which the trunk 
 is malformed, and eventration or displacement 
 of the viscera exists. 
 CELOTESj see Hernial. 
 CELOTOM'IA, Kelotom'ia, Celot'owj, from 
 KijAi), ' a rupture,' and rcfivtir, ' to cut.' An 
 operation, formerly etaployed for the radical 
 cure of inguinal hernia ; which consisted, prin- 
 cipally, itt passing a ligature round the hernial 
 sac and spermatic vessels. It necessarily oc- 
 casioned atrophy and loss of the testicle; and 
 did not secure the patiept against the return 
 of the disease. The intestines were, of course, 
 not included in the ligature. Also, the opera- 
 tion for hernia in general, — Herniot'omy. 
 
 CELOT'OMUS, sapne etymon. Hemiot'o- 
 mus. A knife used in the operation for hernia. 
 Adjeetively, it means relating to oelotomy, like 
 Cefotom'tcus. 
 
 CELSA. A, term, used by Paracelsus for a 
 cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him, 
 <m a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, 
 concealed under the integuments, and endea- 
 vouring to escape. Perhaps the disease was 
 Urticaria. 
 CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy. 
 CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra. 
 CEMENT. A glutinous substance intro- 
 duced into a carious tooth to prevent the access 
 of air or other extraneous matters. The follow- 
 ing is an example : (ji. Sandarae. gij ; Mastieh. 
 ei; Siiecin. gr. x. ^ther. gi; Dissolve ypith 
 uie aid of heat.) 
 
 CEMENTERIUM, Crucible. 
 CEMENTUM, see Tooth. 
 CENANGIA, Ceneangia. 
 CENCHRON, Panicum miliaceum. 
 C£'iVi)2J 4 Gineritious. 
 CEi^rDRE DU LEVANT, Soda. 
 CENDRES GRAV£lMES, see Potash— 
 c. de Satment, see Potash. 
 
 CENEANGI'A, Cenangi'a, from xcrot, 
 'empty,' and xyyeiov, 'a vessel.' Inanition. 
 Empty state of vessels. — Galen. 
 
 CENEMBATE'SIS, from xev^s, 'empty,' 
 and ift^mvo}, 'I enter.' Paracentesis, (q. v.) 
 Also, the acl of probing a wound, or cavity ; 
 Melo'sis. 
 CENEONES, Flanks. 
 CENIGDAM, Ceniplam. 
 CENlGfOTAM, Ceniplam. 
 CENIPLAM;^ Cenigdam, Cenigotam, Ceni- 
 polam< The name of an instrument, anciently 
 used for. opening the head in epilepsy. — Para- 
 
 CfilsUS 
 
 CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam. 
 
 CENO'SIS, from xerog, 'empty.' Ine'ais, 
 Inethmos. Evacuation. It is sometimes em- 
 ployed synonymously with in^^nition, (q. v.) 
 and opposed to repletion ; — Eadnani"tio. 
 
 CENOT'ICA, from mioiith, 'evacuation.' 
 Diseasesaffecting the fluids. Morbid discharges 
 
 or excess, deficiency or Irregularity of such as 
 are natural. The first order, class Genetica,o£ 
 Good; also. Drastics, (q. v.) 
 
 CENTAU'REA BEHEN, SeAera abiad, Se- 
 hen album, White Behen. Ord, Gentianea3t 
 Astringent. 
 
 Centau'rea Benedio'ta, Car'duus henedic'- 
 tus, , Gnicus sylves'tris', Cnicus tenedie'tus, 
 Cardiobot'antim, Blessed or Holy Thistle, (F.) 
 Chardon beiiit. Fam. Cynarooephaleae. Sex. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea. A 
 strong decoction of the herb is emetic : — a 
 strong infusion, diaphoretic (?) ; a light infusion, 
 tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. xv. to gj. of 
 powder. 
 
 Centati'eea Calcitea'pa, Caleitra'pa, Cal- 
 catrep'pola, Car^duus solstitia'lisj Carduus 
 stella'tus, Ja*cea ramosis' si/ma, CacotriVulus , 
 Calcitrap'pa stella'ta, Stella'ta rupi'na, Cen- 
 tau're^ stella'ta, Com/mon Star-Thistle, Star- 
 Knapweed, (F.) Centauree etoilee, Chardon 
 etoile, Chaussetrappe, Pignerohf It is pos- 
 sessed of tonic properties, and has been given 
 in intermittents, dyspepsia, &c. It is not much 
 used. 
 
 Cent AUKEA C'est &v'Kivts.,Rhapon'tieum vul- 
 ga'ri, Centaurium magnum, Centaurium mo- 
 jus. Greater Cen'taury, Centaurium o^eina'lS, 
 (F.) Centsmree grande. It is a bitter; and 
 was formerly used as a tonic, especially the 
 root. 
 
 Centau'kea Ct'anus, Cy'awus, Blue bottle, 
 Corn-flower, (F.^Blavelle, Blaveole,Blavirolle. 
 The flowers were once much used as a cprdial, 
 tonic, &c. They are now forgotten. 
 CewtAueea Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 CENTAURME £T0IL£E, Centaurea calci- 
 trapa — c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium — c. 
 Petite, Chironia centaurium. 
 
 CENTAUREUM; Chlronia centaurium. 
 CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium. 
 CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen- 
 taurium— c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centau- 
 rium — c. Oflieinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. 
 Parvum, Chironia centaurium'. 
 
 CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu- 
 laris — c. Greater, Centaurea centaurium — c. 
 Lesser, Chironia centaurium. 
 CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture. 
 CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a 
 hundred,' and ypa?/it«, 'gramme,' Centigram'- 
 ma. The hundredth part of a gramme. A 
 centigramme is equal to about the fifth part of 
 a French grain, gr. .1544, Troy. 
 
 CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from centum, 
 'a hundred,' and XnQa,' litre.' Ah ancient Greek 
 measure for liquids : — the liundredth part of a 
 litre — equal to nearly ten grammes or aspoon- 
 ful. 2.7053 fluidrachms. 
 
 CENTIMkTRE, Centim'eter; the hundredth 
 part of a metre — equal to about four lines. 
 .3937 English inch. 
 CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 CENTINERVIA, Plantago. 
 CENTINODB, Polygonum aviculare. 
 CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 CENTO VIRGIN ALIS, Hymen. 
 CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta centra'- 
 lis, from XEvTjor, 'centre,' a privative, and 
 iia<f^rt]c, 'transparent.' Cataract owing to 
 obscurity of the central ^portion of the crystal- 
 line. 
 
CENTRAL ARTERY 
 
 166 
 
 CEPHALANTHirS 
 
 CENTRAL AR'TERY OF THE RET 'IN A; 
 
 Arte'ria Centra'lis Ket'intEf Central Artery of 
 Zinn. This arfery is given off from the arte- 
 ria ophthalmica, anl penetrates the optic nerve 
 a little behind the ball of tjie eye ; running in 
 the axis of the nerve, and spreading out iiito 
 many small branches upon the rinside of the re- 
 tina. When the nerve is cut across^ near the 
 eye, the orifice of the divided artery is observ- 
 able. This was formerly called Porus Op'ti- 
 cus. 
 
 CENTRE OF ACTION. The viscus in 
 virhich the whole or a great part of any func- 
 tipn is executed, and to which several other 
 organs contribute. Thus, the vital activity 
 seems to be wholly centred in the stomach, 
 (juring chymification; in the duodenum, during 
 chyliflcation. ' In like manner, the uterus be- 
 comes a centre of action during gestation. ■ 
 
 Centre, Epigas'trio. The ganglions and 
 nervous plexuses, formed by the great sympa- 
 thetic and pneumogastric nerves, in the epi- 
 gastrium, around the cffiliad artery ; where the 
 impressions received from various parts of the 
 body seem to be centred. 
 
 Centre of Fldx'ion. The part towards 
 which fluids are particularly attracted. An 
 irritated organ is said to be a centre of fluxion. 
 
 Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux. 
 The organs, whence the nerves originate i as 
 the brain and spinal marrow. 
 
 Centre, Oval, Centrmm Ova'll, C. O. Vieus- 
 se'nii, Tegtirnien'tum ventrieulo'rum cer'ebri, — 
 When the two hemispheres of the brain are 
 sliced away, till on a level with the corpus cal- 
 losum, the medullary part in each is of an'oval 
 shape : hence called centrum ovals minus^ (F.) 
 centre medullaire heTmspheral, The two cen- 
 tres of the opposite sides, together with the 
 corpus callosum, form the centrum ovalB of 
 Vieiis'sens. Vieussens supposed all the medul- 
 lary fibres tp issue frOm that point, and that it 
 was the great dispensatpry of the animal spi- 
 rits. 
 
 Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the 
 Di'aphragm, Centrum Fhren'icwm, C. Ner'- 
 veum or C Tendino'sum seu tendin*-emn, (F.) 
 Centre phrenique ou C tendineux du Dia- 
 phragiAe. The central aponeurosis or cordiform 
 tendon of the diaphragm. 
 
 Centre of Sympathet'io Irradia'tions, 
 (F.) Centre d'irradiations sympathiques. Any 
 prgan, which excites, sympathetically, the ac- 
 tion of other organs, more or less distant from 
 it; and with which it seems to have no imme- 
 diate communication. — Marjolin. 
 
 Centre, Tendinous, of the Diaphraght, 
 Centre, phrenic. 
 
 CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus. - 
 
 CENTRUM COMMUNE, Solar plexus— c. 
 Nerveum, Centre, phrenic— c. Ovale, Centre, 
 oval — c. Ovale minus, see Centre, oval — c. 
 Ovale of Vieussens, Centre, oval^ — c. Semicir- 
 culare geminum, Taenia semicircularis — c. 
 Tendinosura, Centre, phrenic. 
 
 GENTRY, Chironia angularis. 
 
 CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium cjampestre. 
 
 CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 CEPA ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus, 
 Eohalotte. i 
 
 CEPjEA, Veronica beccab'inga. 
 
 CEPHyELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu- 
 anha. 
 
 CEPHAL.a:'A, Headache, (F.) Cephalee, 
 from Ksifu^i^ 'head.' Some use the term sy- 
 noiiyiatiously with cephalalgia. Others, fof a 
 periodical headache : — others, again, for a more 
 violent headache than cephalalgia impliesi and 
 others for a chronic headia,che. The last was 
 its ancient signiicatiori; 
 
 CephulcE^a spasmod'ica, Cephnlal'gia spas- 
 TTiod'icaj C. Nauseo'sa, Sick-headnche, is cha- 
 racterized by partial, spasmodic pain j , often 
 shifting from one part . of the heald to another : 
 chiefly commencing in the morning, with sick- 
 ness and faintness. It is extremely apt to re- 
 cur, notwithstanding every care. 
 
 Cephal^ea Arthritioa, Cephalagra — c. He- 
 micrania, Hemicrania — c. Nauseosa, Spasmo- 
 dica — c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe. 
 
 CEPHALjEMATO'MA, from jii^iaxi,, 
 'head,' and 'uf^a, 'blood;' Tumor Cap'itis 
 sanguin'eus heonato'rvm-^ Cephalophy'ma, Crlt- 
 niohcematon'cus. A sanguineous tiimour, some- 
 times developed between the pericranium and 
 the bones of the head of new-bofn children. 
 Similar" tumours are met with occasionally 
 above other bones, and at air periods of exist- 
 ence. 
 
 CEPHAL^'MIA, Hyper.a<mia cer'ehri, H. 
 Cap'itis, Encephalohsemia, (F.) Hyperemie on 
 Congestion du cerveani, E7icephalohe'ftiJ£, H, 
 ccrebrale. Congestion cerkhrale. Accumulation 
 of blood in the vessels of the brain. ■ 
 
 CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephalodue'tor, Capi- 
 tiduc'tor, from nt^faXr), ' head,' and ayaiyoi, ' a 
 leader, a driver.' An instrument used for 
 drawing down the fcetal head. 
 
 , CEPH'ALAGRA, from yi<faXri, 'the head,'' 
 and ayQa, ' seizure.' C^ephalce'a artKrit'im, 
 ^Meningi'tis arthrit'ica. Gout in the head. 
 
 CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from »s<p«i,, 'the 
 head,' and y^atpij, 'a description.' An anato- 
 mical description of the head; 
 
 CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephal&po'nia, Cephah- 
 dyn'ia, Encepkalddyn'ia, Homonopa' gia, from 
 xtifalv, 'the head,' and ojiytf, 'pain.' Eneepha- 
 lal'gia. Dolor Cap'itis^ D. cephal'icus, Soda, 
 Painin the head ; Headache, (F.} Cephalalgia., 
 Mai a tP.te. Every kind of headache, whether 
 symptomatic or idiopathic, is a cephalalgia. It 
 is ordina,rily symptomatic, and has to be treated 
 accordingly. 
 
 Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza — c. In- 
 flammatoria', Phrenitis. 
 
 Cephalalgia Period 'i6 a, Febris intermit'- 
 tens cephal'ica larva'ta. Intermittent headacht. 
 Headache which returns periodically; properly, 
 perhaps, a form of neuralgia, (q. v.) 
 
 Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe — c. 
 Spasmodica, see Cephalaea. 
 
 CEPHALALOG'IA, from xt<p»l^, 'the 
 head,' and J-'yoc, ' a discourse.' An anatomical 
 dissertation on the head. 
 
 CEPHALANTHE D'AMMIQVE, Ce- 
 phalanthus occidentalis. 
 
 CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTAfLIS, 
 Bnttonwood shrub, Buttonbush, White Ball, 
 Little Snowball, Swampwood, Pond Dogwood, 
 Globejlower, (F.) Cejfhalanthe d'Amlriqiu, 
 Bois de Marais. An ornamental shrub, 'Nat- 
 Ord. Rubiaceae ; Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mono- 
 gynia, which grows all over the United States, 
 near streams and ponds, and flowers in July 
 and August. The bark of the root has beea 
 used as an antiperiodic tonic. • 
 
CEPHALARTICA 
 
 167 CERAT BLANC ou DE G ALIEN 
 
 CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies. 
 CEPHALATOM'IA, Cephalotom'iai from 
 XKfttKti, ' the head,' and rt/ive iv, ' to cut.' Ana- 
 tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head. 
 
 CEPHALE, Head. 
 
 CEPHAL'IC, CephaFims, Capita'Hs, from 
 xe<p«>,i),' ' the head.' (F.) Cephaliqzie. Relating 
 to the head. 
 
 Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Cephal'ica vel Capi- 
 kilia reim'dia, are remedies capable of reliev- 
 ing affections of the head, especially headache : 
 — Cephalar'tica. 
 
 Cephal'ic Vein, Vena Cephal'iea,Vena Cap'- 
 itisy (E.) Veine cephalique, Veine radiate cuta~ 
 nee of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at 
 the outer pfirt of the arm and fore-arm. It he- 
 gijis on the back of the hand, by a number of 
 radicles, which unite into a single trunk, called 
 the Cephalic of the Thumb, Cephal'ica PoVli- 
 ds, (F.) Veine cephalique du pouce. It ascends 
 along the anterior and outer part of the fore- 
 arm, where it forms the superfinal radial. At 
 the fold of the elbow it receives the median ce- 
 phalic, ascends along the outer edge of the bi- 
 ceps, and opens into the axillary vein. 
 
 The name Cephalic was given to it by the 
 ancients, because they thought it had some con- 
 nexion with the head, and that blood-letting 
 ought to be performed on it, in head affections. 
 
 Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine 
 efphaliqne, and the primary or common carotid, 
 Artire cephalique, 
 
 CEPHALIDIUJVI, see Caput. 
 
 CEPHALI'Nb;. The base or root of the 
 tongue.^ — Grorraeus. 
 
 CEPHALIS, see Caput. 
 
 CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis. 
 
 CEPHALIUM, see Caput. 
 
 CEPHALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus. 
 
 CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 CEPHALtEDEMA, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 CEPHALOID, Encephaloid. 
 
 CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid. 
 
 CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cepha- 
 Mtis. 
 
 CEPHALOM'ETER, from Ksipax.,, 'the 
 head,' and fiiTQor, ' measure.' An instrument 
 for measuring the different dimensions of the 
 fetal head, during the process of accouchement. 
 A kind of forceps. 
 
 CEPHALON'OSUS, from xtip-tHrj, ' the head, 
 and »on'-f, ' disease.' This terra has been ap- 
 plied to the Febris Hungar'ica, in which the 
 head was much affected. See Fever, Hunga- 
 ric. Others have so called anycerebral disease 
 oiT fever. 
 
 CEPHALOPAGES, Symphyocephalua. 
 
 CEPHALO-PHARYNGjE'US, from ««p<,;i,, 
 ■ the head,' and ifaeuyE, ' the pharynx :' belong- 
 ing to the head and pharynx. Winslow has 
 given this name to the portion of the constrictor 
 p&aryngis sitperior, (q. v.) which is attached, 
 above, to the inferior surface of the basilary 
 process of the os occipitis; The Ceph'qlo-phn- 
 rynge'al Aponevro'sis is a thin, fibrous mem- 
 brane, which is attached to the basilary process, 
 and gives insertion to the fibres of the constrictor 
 •superior phary7lffi.s . 
 
 GEPHALOPHYMA, CephalEematoma. 
 CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia. 
 GEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. 
 C E P H'A L 0-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina.'lis, 
 Ctph' alo-rachid'ian, Centro-spinai, Cnnio-spi' 
 
 nal. A hybrid term from xtipoxh, 'head,' and 
 spina, ' spine.' Belonging to the head and spine. 
 
 Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid, Cephnh-rarhid'ian 
 fluid. Cerebrospinal fluid, Flit'idum rer'ebro- 
 spinn'le, is an exhaled, fluid, which is found be- 
 neath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater exists 
 in connexion with the brain and spinal cord. It 
 ^eems to have a protecting oflice, and to keep 
 up a certain degree of pressure on the organ, — 
 at least in the spinal canal. 
 
 CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, 
 from xeipaJij, 'head,' flmpaj, 'the chest,' and 
 trriftiv, ' to rob.' A monster without head or 
 
 CEPHALOTOM'IA, Eccephalosis. 
 
 CEPHALOTR'IBE, (F.) An instrument 
 invented by Bandelocque, the nephew, for 
 crushing the head of the foetus in utero ; from 
 xsipaii), 'the head,' and tji/Sui, ' I bruise.' It 
 consists of a strong forceps, the blades of which 
 are solid: 16 lines broad, and 3 thick. The 
 handles are perforated at their extremity to re- 
 ceive a screw with three threads, the direction 
 of which is very oblique, so as to allow great 
 rapidity of rotation, and the screw is moved by 
 a winch 6-inches long, to increase the force of 
 the pressure. The bones of the head are easily 
 crushed by it. 
 
 GEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning: 
 
 CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis. 
 
 CEPULLA, Allium cepa. 
 
 CER, Heart. 
 
 CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceros, 
 Yellow and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune et 
 Blimche. An animal . substance prepared by 
 the bee, and by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon 
 and Myri'cn ceriff-ra. Its colour is yellow, and 
 smell like that of honey, but both are lost by 
 bleaching. It is demulcent and emollient; is 
 sometimes given in the form of- emulsion, in 
 diarrhoea and dysentery, but is chiefly used in 
 cerates and ointments. 
 
 CF^^M'M, from «?«?, ' a horn,' xfgarai. 
 The Cornua of the uterus, (q. v.) — Rufus of 
 Ephesus. 
 
 CERAMIC EjCeram'iii, from zspniBor, ' pot- 
 ter's earth.' A sort of earth used as a cata- 
 plasm in peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CERAMIUM, Amphora— c. Helmintho- 
 chortus, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 CERAMNIUM, Amphora. 
 
 CERAMURIA, see Urine.' 
 
 CERANTHEMUS, Propolis; 
 
 CERAS, xEg'c. 'genitive,' ne^atot, 
 Cornu, (q. v.): also, the Cornea (q. v.) 
 Ceratertnmia, Ceratocele, &c. 
 
 CERASION, see Prunus ccrasus. 
 
 CERAS'MA, from kiq-xwv/ui, ' to mix :' 
 something mixed. A mixture of hot and cold 
 water. Metareras'ma. — Gorrseus. 
 
 CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus. 
 
 CERASUS AVIUM, Prunus avium— e. 
 Laurocerasus, prunus laurocerasus — c. Padus 
 Prunus Padus — c. Racemosus sylvestris, Pru- 
 nus padus — c. Serotina, Prunus Virginiana— c. 
 Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana. 
 
 CARAT BL.HNC ou DE GALIEN, Cera- 
 tum Galeoi^c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratnm 
 cetacei — c. de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi — c. 
 pour Us Ltvres, Cerate for the lips — c. deplomb 
 compose, Ceratum plumbi compositum — e. dt 
 Savon, Ceratum Saponis — r. de Suracctatt dt 
 plomb, Ceratum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 ' horn,' 
 Hence, 
 
CERATE 
 
 168 
 
 CERATUM 
 
 CE'RATE, Cera'tmn, from iii)g«5, Lat. eera, 
 'wax,' Cerela'um, Cero'ma, Cero'nium,, Qero'- 
 tujn, Ceratomalag'ma, (F.) Cirat. A compo- 
 sition of wax, oil, or lard, without other ingre- 
 dients. 
 
 Ceeate, Simple Cerate, Cerq,'tum, Cera'tum 
 timplex, P. L. (F.) Cerat Simple. {Yellow 
 wax: Jiv, olive oil |iv.) It is applied as an 
 ranoUient to excoriations, &c. 
 
 Ceeate of Cal'amine, Qera'tumOalami'nx, 
 C Carbona'tis zinci impu'ri, C. Zinci Carbo- 
 na'tis, (Ph. U. S.) Cera'tzwi lap'idis CalamA- 
 Tia'ris, Cera'ut/m epulot'icum. Cerate of Carbo- 
 nate of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, Healing Salpe, 
 (F.) Cerat de Pierre Calaminaire, C. de Cala- 
 mine, C. {Zinci Carbon, prcepar, Cercefldvce, 
 aa ftss. adipis,Mi. Melt the wax and lard to- 
 gether, and, on cooling, add the carbonate of 
 zinc a,nd stir till cool. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Cerate of Canthae'ideS; Cera'tum Can- 
 ihar'idis, Blister Ointment, Ointment of Spa^ 
 nish Flies, Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria, TJn- 
 guen'tum Pul'veris Mel'oes vesicato'rii, XIrig, 
 epispas'ticum for'tius, Cera'tum, Lyttce, ("F.) 
 Cerat de Cantharides. {Spermaceti cerate ^vj, 
 Cantharides in pawdei^ ,^j. The cerate being 
 softened by heat, stir in the flies.) This cerate 
 of the European Pharmacopoeias is used to keep 
 blisters, issues, &c., open. See Unguentum 
 Lyttae. For the cerate of Spanish flies of the, 
 TJ. S. Pharmacopoeia, (see Emplastrum Lyttas.) 
 
 Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum Plumbi com- 
 positum. at 
 
 Cerate,^irklaiid's Neutral. {Diachyl. 
 ^\ni, olive oil '^iv, prepared ckal^^iv: when 
 nearly cool, add Acet. dest. ^ iv, plumb, supera- 
 cet. giij.) A cooling emollient. 
 
 Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'- 
 tum labia'lB rubrum, Pomma'tum ad. labia de- 
 mulcen'da. — Ph. P. (F.) Cerat ou poriimade 
 pour les tivres, {Wax 9 parts; oil 16 parts; — 
 coloured with alJcanet.^ 
 
 Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi 
 compositum. 
 
 Cerate, 'Marshall's. {Palm, oil gvi, calo- 
 mel ^i,^sugar of lead ^ss, ointment of nitrate 
 of -mercury ,^ij.) 
 
 Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Resinae 
 compositum — c. Savine, Ceratum sabinae — c. 
 Soap, Ceratum saponis — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum 
 cetacei — c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead,,Ce- 
 ratum plumbi superacetatis — c. Turner's, Ce- 
 rate of calamine — c; of Carbonate of zinc. Ce- 
 rate of calamine. 
 
 CERATECTOM'IA, from xseac, 'the cor- 
 nea,' and £xto//o;, 'cut out.' An incision 
 through the cornea. See Ceratotomia. 
 
 CERATIA, Ceratonium siiiqua. 
 
 CERATI'ASIS; from xEfctt, 'horn.' A mor- 
 bid condition characterized by corneous growths. 
 
 CERATION, Siiiqua. 
 
 CERATI'TIS, from xe§a?, 'the cornea,' and 
 itis, ' inflammation.' Inflamrnation of the cor- 
 nea, Cerati'tis, Ceratode'i'tis, Ceratomeningi'tis, 
 Cornei'tis, Jnjlammia'tio cor'nece. 
 
 CERATIUM, Ceratonium siiiqua. 
 
 CER'ATO, in composition, in the names of 
 muscles, is used for the cornua of, the os hy- 
 oides; — as Cerato-glossus. 
 
 CERATOCE'LE, Aquula, Vva'tio, Promi- 
 nen'tia Cor'nece, Hernia Cor'nea, Ceratodeoce'le, 
 from Ks5'S, 'horn,' and xriXij, 'tumour.' A pro- 
 trusion of the transparent cornea, or rather of 
 
 the membrane of the aqueous humour through 
 an opening in the cornea. 
 
 CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele. 
 
 CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
 
 CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratogloa'sus, from 
 xi^u;, 'horn,' and yMJuro-i, ' the tongue.' A mus- 
 cle, extending from the great cornu of the os 
 hypides to the base of the tongue. It is a part 
 of theliyoglossus, (q. v;) 
 
 CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 
 CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma. 
 
 CBUATO'MA,,Cerato'sis,fiomKe^tts,'hora.' 
 A horny growth, or horny formation; . 
 
 CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate. 
 
 CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis. ' 
 
 CERATO-MENINX, Cornea. 
 
 CERATO-NIA SIL'IQUA, TheCarob Tret, 
 Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Sil'iqua dulcis, Caro'ha 
 Alnabati, ihe Sweetpod, (F.) Caroubier (Fruit, 
 Carouge.) This — ^the fruit of the Ceratonia 
 siiiqua— is mucilaginous, and employed in de- 
 coction, where mucilages are indicated, 
 
 CERATONYX'IS, Keratonyx'is, CeratoHeo- 
 nyx'is, from r.iiJa;, 'the cornea,' and vwro, 'I 
 puncture.' An operation by which the crys- 
 talline is depressed by means of a needle iatro- 
 duced into the eye through the cornea. Some 
 divide the crystalline into fragments with the 
 needle, and leave them to the action of the ab- ' 
 sortents. The operation is as old as the 17th 
 century. 
 
 CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ato-Pha- 
 rynge'us, from xtgat, 'horn,' and $aguy|, 'the 
 pharynx.' T}ie great and small Cer'ato-pia- 
 rynge'i are small fleshy bundles, forming- part 
 of the Hyopharyngeus ofWinslow. 
 
 CERATQPLAS'tlCE, fromwjx!, 'the cor- 
 nea,' and JTXaiTTjjtos, ' forming, formative.' The- 
 operatioh for the formation of an artificial cor; 
 nea. It has not been practised on man. 
 
 CERATORRHEX'IS,iJ2jpto'mcoc'Me<s,ftom 
 xcgag, 'the cornea,' and ^iiS'f, 'rupture.' Rup- 
 ture of the cornea. 
 
 CERATOSIS, Ceratoma. 
 
 CER'ATO - ST APHYLI'NUSi Ker'ato-sta- 
 phyli'nus,i\ora j-if«;, 'horn,' and <rTa»uii;, 'thi 
 uvula.' Some, fleshy fibres of the Thyro-^'a- 
 phylinus of Winslow. 
 
 CERATOTOM'IA, Ceratectom'ia,ftom nEfof, 
 'cornea,' and Tt/ii'£i)'j 'to cut.' Section of ths 
 transparent cornea. This incision is used ^sb 
 the operation for cataract, to give exit to pus 
 effused-in the eye, in case of hypopyon, &c. 
 
 CERATOT'OMUS, Keratot'omus, £erat'- 
 omus, from xiQXf, ' cornea,' and rtftveiv, ' to cut.' 
 A name given by Wenzel to his knife for di- 
 viding the transparent cornea, in the operation 
 for cataract. Many modifications of the instru- 
 ment have been made since Wenzel's time. 
 See Knife, cataract. 
 
 CERATUM, Cerate— c. Album, Ceratum 
 cetacei', Ceratum Galeni — c.de Althae^jUnguen- 
 tum de Althasd— c Calaminae, Cerate of Ca- 
 lamine — c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, 
 Emplastjum Lyttas'^c. de Cerussft, Unguentum 
 plumbi subcarbonatis. 
 
 Cera'tum Ceta'oei, Cera'tum spermaceti, 
 Cera'tum album, Cera'tum simplex, C. Cett, 
 XTnguen'tmn adipoce'rce ceto'rum, lAnimen'tum 
 album,, Emplas'trum Sperm'atis Ceti, Sperma- 
 ceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de blane de bMnt- 
 
CERATUM CETI 
 
 169 
 
 CEREBELLUM 
 
 'CB,^v,pi. oHvJ Jix, camphortB JJss. 
 i.) Its virtues are the same as the 
 
 (Spermaceti 5j, whke wax §iji olive oil §vi. 
 Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to ulcers, &c. 
 
 ■ Cebatum 'Ceti, Ceratum cetacei-^c. Cicutae, 
 Ceratum conii— c. Citrinum, Ceratum resinae. 
 
 Cera'tum Coni'i, Cera'twm Cicu'ta. '(Ung. 
 eovii %\f cetacei ^ij,c0ra albtB ^iij«) A for- 
 mula in Bartholomew's Hospital: occasionally 
 applied to cancerous, scrofulous sores, &c. 
 
 Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 Cera'tum Gale'ni, Vefa'tum album, C re- 
 frig"erans Gale'ni, JJnguen'tum cera'tum, Ui 
 amygdali'nnm, XT. simfilex, Emplas'tmm ad 
 fontii^ulos, O'leo-cerd'tum aqu& subac'tum. Cold 
 Cream,(F.) C.eVo*4io«courfe Qaliem, (Wliite 
 wax 4 parts ; oil of sweet almonds 1 6 parts ; -addj 
 when melted, water ox rose water 12 parts. Ph 
 P.) A mild application to chaps, &c. 
 
 CpRATUM Labiale RuBRUM, Cerate for the 
 lips — c. Lapidis calaniinaris. Cerate of calamine 
 — c. Lithargyri acetati compositum, Ceratum 
 plumhi compositum — c. Lyttas, Cerate of can- 
 tharides — c. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrar 
 gyri-T-c. Picatum, Pissefeum. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, Cera'tum 
 Lithar gyri Aceta'ti CoTJipos'itztm, Goulard's 
 OtTitmetU, Cera'tTim subaceta'ti plumbi tnedica'-' 
 turn, C. Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph; 17. S.), Cera'- 
 tum Satur'ni^ Co7n.pound Ij&ad Cerate, Gou- 
 lard's Ceraie, (F.) Cerat de Goulard, C. de 
 Plomb cohipose. (Ldg* plumb, sjibacet. ^iiss, 
 cercB- ^avcB. ''^ ,,...,. 
 Ph. U ~ 
 next. 
 
 Ceratum Plumbi Sdpebaceta?tis, Unguen.'- 
 turn Cents' see Aceta'tx, Cerate of Suj er acetate 
 or Sugar of I^ead, Cera'tum Plumbi Aceta'tis, 
 VnguerUum . Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat 
 iuracctate de Plomb, (Acetate of lead gij, whtte 
 wax '^iifoKve oil Bss.) Cooling and astringent. 
 
 Ceratum Rsfrigerans Galenj, Ceratum 
 Galeni. 
 
 Ceratum Resi'n^, C. Resi'nw flava, C'cit'- 
 rinum, Jl^igiien'tiim . basil'icon Jlavum, JJng. 
 Kesi'nxfitivtB, Xfng, Resino'sum, Resin Cerate 
 or Ointment, Yellow Basil'icoa, Basil'icon 
 Ointment, (Resin, Jlav,, ?,v. Ceiss flav., Jij; 
 Adipis |viij. Ph. U. S.) A stimulating appli 
 cation to old ulcers, &c. Digestive. 
 
 Dr. Smellome,'s Ointmsnt for the "Byes con- 
 sist^ of finely powdered -veri^igrtj J^ss, rubbed 
 with oil, and then inixed with an ounceof eera 
 turn resiTKe, 
 
 Ceratum Resi'ds Cokfos'itvx, Compound 
 Resin Cerate, (Resin., Sevi, CerceflavtB, Sa ffij; 
 Terebinth; Bss. Ol, Idni, Oss. Melt together, 
 strain through linen, and stir till cool. Ph. 
 U. S.) 
 
 Ceratum Sabi'mje, Unguentum Saiinse, Sa- 
 vine Cerate (F.) Cerat de Sabine. (Savine in 
 powder, '^\]..Resin Cerate Ibj. Ph. tJ.^S.) Irri- 
 tative, 'drawing.' Used iii the same cases as 
 the cerate of cantharides. 
 
 Ceratum Sapo'Nis, Soap Cerate, (E.) Cerat 
 dt Savon (Idq. Plumb, subacetat., Dij, Sapon., 
 fyj; Cerse albs,^'x.; Ol.oliv<B,Oj. Boil the 
 solution of subacetate of lead with the soap over 
 a slow fire to the consistence of honey, then 
 transfer to a water bath, and evaporate until all 
 the moisture is dissipated; lastly ,i add the wax, 
 
 previously melted with the oil, and mix Ph. 
 
 U.S.) It is applied in cases of sprains or frac- 
 tures. 
 
 Ceratum. Satveni, Ceratum -Plumbi com- 
 12 
 
 positum — c. Simplex, Ceratum cetacei, Cerate 
 simple — c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — e. 
 Subacetati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum plumbi 
 compositum — c. Tetrapharmacura, Pisselaeum 
 — c. Caibonatis zinci impuri, Cetate of cala- 
 mine. , 
 
 CERAU'NION, from x«gai;*05, 'thunder,' 'a 
 thunderbolt.' Lapis fulmin'eus. A kind of 
 stone, which was believed to be formed during 
 thunder; and to be 'possessed of the power of 
 inducing sleep, and numerous other prophylactic 
 virtues. It was rubbed on the knee, breast, 
 &c. in swellings of those parts;, 
 
 CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini. 
 
 CERCA'RIA. A genus of agastric, infiisory 
 animalcules, one of the. most curious of which 
 inhabits the tartar of the teeth. The sperma- 
 tozoa are r-presumed by some to belong to this 
 genus. 
 
 CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus. 
 
 CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus. 
 
 CERCHNUS, Cerchnos'mus, Cerchnum, 
 Cerehno'iHa, from xtijcisa, 'I render hoarse.' 
 A rough voice produced by hoarseness. See 
 RaUle. 
 
 CER'CIS, xegn/f. A sort of pestle for re- 
 ducing substances to powder. Also, the radius 
 or small bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius . 
 
 CERCLE, Circulus — c. de ■ la Chordide, 
 Ciliary ligament — c. CV&aiVe, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CERCO'SIS, from xszjjos, 'a tail.'- Wen'tula 
 Mulie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors, have 
 employed the word synonymously with nym- 
 phomania and elongation of the clitoris; and 
 with Polyptis TJterij the Sareo'ma Cerco'sis of 
 S^iilvages. 
 
 Cercosis Externa, Clitorism. 
 
 CEREA, Cerumen. 
 
 CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.' 
 (F.) Ceriales (Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- 
 mineous plants, the seedof which serve fox the 
 nourishment of man ;— as wheat, barley, rye, 
 &c. At times, the same term is applied to 
 some of the leguminous plants. 
 
 CEREBARIA, Carebaria. 
 
 CEREBEL'LA URI'NA, Urine of a whitish 
 appearance, , of the colour of the brain, from 
 which Paracelsus thought he could distinguish 
 diseases of that organ. 
 
 CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere- 
 bellum, and itis, denoting inflammation. Paren- 
 cephali'tis,Injlammia!tiocerehel'li. Inflammation 
 of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or en- 
 cephalitis. 
 
 CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerebello'sus, from cere- 
 bellum, 'the little brain.' (F.) Cerebelleux. 
 Chaussieur has given this epithet to the vessels 
 of the cerebellum. These are three in number; 
 two of which are inferior : the larger, inferior 
 eerebelli, which arises from the posterior cere- 
 bral or vertebral ; and the smaller, whose ex- 
 istence is not constant, from the meso-cephalic 
 or basilary : — the third, called, A. cerebelleuse 
 skperieure (superior cerebelli,) is a,lso a branch 
 of the basilary. 
 
 Cereeel'lobs Ap'oplext, Apoplex'ia cere- 
 bello'sa: apoplexy of the cerebellum. 
 
 CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum; 
 C. porvum, Appen'dix ad cer'ehrum, Cer'ebrum 
 poste'rius, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis, 
 Parencepk'alis, Pareneeph'alus, Encephal'ium, 
 Enceph'alus opis'ikius, Micreneepha'lium, Mi- 
 crcnceph' aium, Little brain, (F.) Cervelet. A 
 
CEREBRAL 
 
 170 
 
 CEREFOLIDM 
 
 portion of thelnedullary mass, contained in the 
 cavity of the cranium. It fills the lower occi- 
 pital fossae below the tentorium, and embraces 
 the tuber annulare and medulla. It is com- 
 posed, like the brain, of vesicular and medullary 
 substance, arranged in laminffi, as it were ; so 
 that, when a section is made of it, it has an ar- 
 borescent appearance, called' Arbor vitm. The 
 cerebellum is divided iiito two lobes or hemi- 
 spheres or lateral masses, and each lobe is' again 
 subdivided into Montic'uli or Lobules. In the 
 cerebellum are to be lObserved Mie'Crtira cere- 
 Itellij the fourth ventricle, the valvuld magna 
 cerebri, the processus vermiculares, superior and 
 inferior, &c. 
 
 CER'EBRALj, Cerebra'lis, (F.) Cei-ebral, 
 from cerebrum,-' Hie brain.' Belonging to the 
 brain, and similar to brain, i - 
 
 Ceeebeal Apophysis, Pineal. gland. 
 Cekeeral Ak'teeies are three on each side : 
 — the anterior or artery of the corpus callosum.,' 
 and the middte, arte'ria Sylyia'na, are fur- 
 nished by the internal carotid : — the posterior 
 or posterior and inferior artery of the brain. A, 
 profunda cerebri, arises from the vertebral. 
 Chaussier calls these arteries lobaires, because 
 they correspond with the anterior, middle, and 
 posterior lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, 
 whence they originate, cerebral.. 
 
 Ceeebkal Nerves are those which arise 
 within the cranium, all of which, perhaps, 
 with the exception of the olfactoty, originate 
 from the medulla oblongata. See Nerves, 
 
 In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral, 
 which specially occupies the brain. Fiivre 
 cerebrale, Cerebral fever, is- a variety in which 
 the head is much affected. > 
 
 CEREBRIFORM, Encephaloid. 
 CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollifies cerebri. 
 CEREBRO - SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal — c. 
 Axis, see Encephalon. 
 CEREBRO-SPINANTS, Narcotics. ; 
 
 CER'EBRUMorCERE'BRUM. The brain. 
 (F.) Cerveau, Cervelle. This term is some- 
 times applied to the whole of the coritents of 
 the cranium : at others to the upper portion ; — 
 the posterior and inferior being called cerebel- 
 lum. The brain, properly so called, extends 
 from the os frontis to the superior occipital fos- 
 sae. Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar vaults : 
 behipd this, on the middle fossae of the base of 
 the cranium; and, posteriorly, on the tentori- 
 um cerebello super-extensuin. The upper surface 
 is divided by a deep median cleft (Scissure in- 
 terlobaire f^Ch.) into two halves, called hemi- 
 spheres, which are united at the base by the 
 corpus callosv/m. At its surface are numerous 
 convolutions. The inferior surface exhibits, 
 from before to behind, three lobes, distinguished 
 into anterior, middle, and .posterior. The mid- 
 dle is separated from the anterior by i\ie fissure 
 of Sylvius ; and from the posterior, by a shal- 
 low furrow which corresponds to the upper 
 portion of the pars petrosa. Internally, the 
 brain has, on the median line, the corpus callo- 
 svm, septuvi lucidwm, fornix, pineal gland, and 
 third ventricle : — and laterally, the lateral ven- 
 tricles, in which are the corpora striata, optic 
 thalami, &c. It is contained in a triple enve- 
 lope, (see Meninges.) Its texture is pulpy, 
 and varies according to age. Two substances 
 may be distinguished in it — the, white, ■ntedulla- 
 ry ax fibrous — medull'a eer'ebii, and the cortical, 
 
 cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is 
 white J and occupies all the interior and base 
 of the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. 
 It is situate particularly at the surface of the 
 organ. 
 
 The brain receives several arterial vessels, 
 furnished by the internal carotid and vertebral. 
 Its veins end in the sinuses. It is theinaterial 
 organ of the mental and moral manifestations. 
 According to Gall, each part is the special seat 
 of one of those faculties, and'the brain and cere- 
 bellum, inclusive, are called by him " the ner- 
 vous system of the mental faculties." The 
 following table, ' from Haller and Ciivier, exhi- 
 bits the proportion between the mass of the 
 brain and that of the body in man and in atii- 
 irials. ' 
 
 A child of six years (Haller) > , —> 
 
 lfa.8,oz.3J-2. 5 1-28 
 
 Adiilt (Hat.leb) i 1-35 
 
 (From lb. 2, 3 oz. to lb. 3, 3 3-4 oz. 
 
 SoEHH£KIN(^.) 
 
 Gibbon (Simia) 1-48 
 
 Sapajou from 1-41 to 1-^ii 
 
 Ape from I-4S to 1-24 , 
 
 Baboon ...from l-104to^86 
 
 Lemur „ .from 1-84 to 1-61 
 
 Bat ( Vfsperlilio Noclula) 1-96 
 
 Mole 1-36 
 
 Bear ..... .1.205 
 
 Hedgehog 1-168 
 
 Fox 1-205 
 
 Wolf...., 1.230 
 
 Beaver 1-290 
 
 Hare ; 
 
 Rabbit ..1-140 to 
 
 Rat 
 
 Mouse ,- 
 
 Wild Boar 
 
 Lomeslic, do 1-512 to 
 
 Elephant (7 to lb. 10), 
 
 Stag. 
 
 Roebuck (young) , 
 
 Sheep. 1-351 to 
 
 Ox l-75Uto 
 
 Calf. 
 
 Horse ; . . , .1-700 to 
 
 Dolphm .'.' .1-251 1-36^ 1-60, 
 
 Eagle ....i 
 
 Goose 
 
 Cock;. 
 
 Capaiy-bird 
 
 Hummingbird 
 
 Turtle ....;... 
 
 Tortoise '. 
 
 Frog 
 
 Shark - 
 
 Pike 
 
 Carp. 
 
 .1-228 
 
 1-15!} 
 
 1-76 
 
 1-43 
 
 1-672 
 
 1-413 
 
 1-500 
 
 1-290 
 
 1-94' 
 
 1-192 
 
 1-860 
 
 1-S19 
 
 1-400 
 
 1-154 
 
 MO'^ 
 
 1-260 
 
 1-360 
 
 1.25 
 
 1-14 
 
 111 
 
 1-6663 
 
 1-2240 
 
 1-172 
 
 ,1.24i« 
 
 1-1305 
 
 1-560 
 
 The substance of the nervous system has 
 been analysed by Vauquelin, and found to con- 
 tain water 80.00 ; white' fatty matter 4.53; red 
 fatty matter, called cerebrine, 0.70; osmazome, 
 1.12; albumen, 7.00; phosphorus, 1.50; sul- 
 phur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and 
 magnesia, 5.15. '■ 
 
 Ceeebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus — c. 
 Elongatum, Medulla oblongata — c. Parvum, 
 Cerebellum — c. Posterius, Cerebellum. 
 
 CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium — c. 
 Hispanicum, Chaerophyllum odoratum— c. Syl- 
 vestre, Chasrophyllum sylvestre. 
 
CERELiEDM 
 
 171 
 
 CERVIX 
 
 CEREL^UM, Cerate. 
 CEREOLUS, Bougie. 
 CERERISIA, Cerevisia. 
 CEREUM MEDICATUM, Bougie. 
 CEREUS, Bougie. 
 
 CEREVIS;IA, quasi Cereris'ia, Cervts'ta, 
 Ce'lia,Zythus, Zythum, Liquor Cer'eris, Vimtm 
 hordea'c'eum, Bira, Bryton, ^v^<n> Barley 
 mne, from Ceres, 'corn;' whence it is made. 
 Ale (,Alla,) Seer, Porter, (F.) Biire, Cer'voise. 
 These fluids are drunk by the inhabitants of 
 many countries, .habitually, and ih Great Bri- 
 tain more "than in others . They are nourishing, 
 but not very easy of digestion. The old dis; 
 pensatories contain numerous medicated ales, 
 which are no longer in use. 
 
 CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefoli'um— c; Mus- 
 }««', Chaerophyllum odoratum — c. Saifbage, 
 Uhaerophyllum sylvestre. 
 CERION, Favus, Porrigo favosa. ^ 
 CARISIER, Prunus cerasus — c. a, Grappes, 
 Prunus padus^. de Virginie, Prunus. Vjrgin- 
 iana. 
 
 CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C. 
 is a parish in the dibcess of St. Flour, Upper 
 Anvergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. 
 It is c^led Eau du Qamloni 
 CERNOS, Capistrum. , 
 CEROE'NE, Cerau'nl, or Cirou'e'ni, Cero'g- 
 rmiti, from leiijos, ' wax,' and onoc, 'wine.' A 
 plaster composed 'of yellow waXjimittonsttet, 
 pitch. Burgundy pitch. Bole Armeniac, Thus 
 and viine. It was used as a strengthening 
 plaster. Sometimes, it contained neither wax 
 nor wine. 
 CEROMA, Cerate. 
 CEROMANTI'A, from xijjoc, 'wax,' and 
 iMivreia, 'divination.' The art ,of foretelling 
 the future, frpin the figures which melted wax 
 assumes, when suflTered to drop on the surface 
 of water. 
 CERONIUM, Cerate. 
 
 CEROPIS'StJS, from xijjof , ^ wax,' and yria-To., 
 'pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of 
 piich and wax. 
 CEROS, Cera. 
 
 CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis. 
 CEROTUM, Cerate. 
 OEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba. 
 CERUA, Ricinis communis. 
 CERIJ'MEN,froiri cera, 'waxi' Ceru'men Au'- 
 riumtCe' rea,AuriumSordes,8ordic'ul35 au'ritim, 
 Marmora'ta Aw'rinm, CypselS, Ceru'minous 
 Humor, Cyp'selis,Fu'giU,{'P.)Ciredes Oreilles. 
 A name given to the unctuoUs humour, similar 
 to wax in its physical properties, which is met 
 with in the meatus auditorius extemns. It is 
 secreted by follicles, situate beneath the mem- 
 brane lining the meatus. It lubricates the 
 meatus, preserves the suppleness of the lining 
 membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies 
 floating in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness 
 and unctuousness prevents insects from pene- 
 trating. 
 
 CERU'MINOUS, Cenimiho'svs, (F.) C&ru- 
 mineux. Relating to cerumen. 
 
 CEEiTMiNous Glands, Ceru'minous Follicles, 
 (F.) Glarides ctrwmineuses ou Folliciilis ciru- 
 mineuses. Glands Or follicles, which secrete 
 the cerumen. 
 
 CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi saperacetas 
 — c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. 
 Alba Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Psymmi- 
 
 throh, Plumbi stibcarbonas — c. Serpentaria, Be« 
 Arum maculatum. 
 
 CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 CERUS'SEA URWA. Terms used by Pa- 
 racelsus for the urine, when of a colour like 
 cerusse. ' / 
 
 CERVARIA ALBA, LaSerpitium latifolium. 
 
 CERVEATJ, Cerebrum. 
 
 CERVELET, Cerebellum. 
 
 QERVELLE, Cerebrum. 
 • CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see 
 CervuB, 
 
 CERVICAL, Cerviea'lis, from cervix, 'the 
 back of the ne?k.' Trache'lian. Everything 
 which concerns the necl^ especially the back part. 
 
 Cervical Ae'teries are three in number : 
 1. The ascending, anteriqr, or superficial, a 
 branch of tie inferior thyroid, distributed to 
 the scaleni muscles and integuments. 2. Tha 
 transverse^CervieorScapulaire — (Ch.,)abranch 
 of the axillary artery, or of the subclavian : dis- 
 tributed to the levator scapula, trapezius, &c. 
 3. The posterior or profound, A. transversa'lis 
 colli Trachelo-cervicale — Ch.) a branch of the 
 subclavian, distributed to the deep-seated' mus- 
 cles on the anterior and posterior parts of tha 
 neck. See, also, Princeps Cervicis (arteria.) 
 
 Ceevioal Gan'ghons. The three ganglions 
 of the, great sympathetic . The cervical glands 
 or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so 
 called. ' 
 
 Ceevical Lig'aments. These are two in 
 nurhbef. 1. The anterior, extending from tha 
 basilary process of the occipital bone to the 
 anteriqr part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. 
 The posterior or supraspinous, I/igamen'twm 
 Nu'ehee, which extends from the outer occipital 
 protuberance to the spinous process of the 
 seventh cervical vertebra. In animals with 
 large heads it is '\exj strong. " 
 
 Cervical Neeves are eight in number, on 
 each side; and form the eight cervical pairs, 
 which are the first given off from the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 CekvicaL Plexus,' Plexus Trachilo-souseu- 
 tane (Ch.) The iiervous net-work, formed by 
 the anterior branches df the first three cervical 
 nerves, above the posterior scaleims muscle, 
 and at the outer side of the pneumogastrie nerve, 
 carotid artery, andjugular vein. 
 
 Ceevical Region, Anterior, Deep, .fre- 
 ver'tebrat region. The region of the neck, oc- 
 cupied by three pairs of muscles placed imme- 
 diately (n front of the cervical and three sup«- 
 rior dorsal vertebrae — ^viz.: the rectus capitis 
 anticus major, the rectus capitis anticus minor, 
 and longus colli ; — hence termed prevertebral 
 
 Ceeivical Veins have nearly the same distri- 
 bution as the arteries. 
 
 Cervical Ver'tebeje. The. first seven ver- 
 tebrae of the spine. 
 
 CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Sacro- 
 lumbalis. 
 
 CERVICARIA, Campanula trachelium. 
 
 (pERVICt-VORSO-SCAPULAIREMom- 
 boideus — c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su- 
 perior — c. Dorso-Tnastoidien et dorso-trachelian, 
 Splenius^ — c. Mastdidten, Splenius. 
 - CERVISIA, Cerevisia. 
 
 CERVISPINA, Rhamnus. 
 
 CERVIX, Collum, (q. v:)^ The neck. A 
 neck. 
 
CERVOISE 
 
 m 
 
 CHAM^MELUM 
 
 Cervix Obstipa, TorticpUis — c* Uteri, Col- 
 lum uteri. 
 
 C£B FO/SB, CereviSia. ■ ', 
 
 CERVUS, Cerva. The horn of the Cerv^s 
 El'aphus, called Cornu, Cervi Bl'aphi Cortiu, 
 Cornu Cervi'nwn, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de 
 (serf, contains 27 parts of gelatin in thelllO. "A 
 jelly made from the- shavings is emollient and 
 nutritive. 
 
 The iSteg-'« Fizzle, Prid'pus Cervi, was once 
 considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose, Qj to gj 
 in powder. 
 
 Cervhs Al'ces. The Elk, {Y.) Elan. The 
 kopf of this animal was < anciently used as an 
 anti-epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, 
 was subjedtto attacks of epilepsy, and always 
 cured them by putting its hoof into the ear. 
 The hoof was .also worn as an amulet. ■ 
 
 Cornu, TXstum, Bumf Hartshorn, has been 
 used as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of 
 phosphate, and only one of carbonate of lime. It 
 is, therefore, not of much use. 
 
 CASAEIENNE OFJtRATION, Caesarean 
 section. 
 
 CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. 
 
 CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from be- 
 tony; (xEiTT^oi', 'betony.') 
 
 CESTRON, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 CETA'CEU]W,fromn?Tof,'awhale.' Album 
 Ceti, Adipoce'ra ceto'sa, Spermacefi, (F.) Blanc 
 de Baleine, Cetine, Adipocire de Baleine.- An 
 inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable, 
 unctuous substance, obtained from the brain of 
 the Physe'ter Macroeeph'alus or Spermaceti 
 Whale, and other varieties of whale. S. g. 
 .9433: melts at ll'i-^. It is "aemulcent and 
 emollient, and has been given in coughs and 
 dysentery, but is mostly used in ointments. 
 Dose, .J^ss to .^iss rubbed up with sugar or egg. 
 
 CETERACH OFFICINARUM, Asplenium 
 cetera'ch. 
 
 CiTINE, Cetaceum. 
 
 CETRARIA KLANDICA, Lichen islandi- 
 cus. 
 
 CETRARIN, see Lichen iglandicus. 
 
 CEVADILLA HISPANORUM, Veratrum 
 sabadilla. 
 
 CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 CHAA, Thea. 
 
 CH.EREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium. . 
 
 CHjEROPHYL'LUM, frotn x<"e"'', 'I re- 
 joice,' and cpuMov, ' a lesif.' 
 
 Ch^erophyl'lum OdorA'tum, Scandix Odo- 
 ra'ta, Myrrhis Odpra'ta, Cerefo'lium Hispan'- 
 icum. Sweet Cic"ely, (F.) Cerfeuil musquee ou 
 d'Espagne, has the smell of aniseed, and is cul- 
 tivated on account of its aromatic properties. 
 
 Chxrophyl'lum Sylves'tre, Cicuta'ria, 
 Charophyl'lum Tem'ulwm,, Cerefo'lium Sylves'- 
 tr€, Bastard Hemlock, Wild Chervil, or Cow- 
 weed, (F.) Cerfeuil sausage, Persil d'Ane, is 
 a slightly fetidaromatic; but is not used. 
 - Ch^erophtllum Temuliim, Chaerophyllum 
 sylvestre. 
 
 CHiETE, Capillus. , 
 
 CHAFING, Er^the'ma InteHri'go, Intertri'- 
 go, Paratrim'ma, Paratrips'is, Diatrim'ma, 
 Attri'ta, Attrif'io, from eehauffer, 'to heat.' 
 Fret, erosions of the skin. Attri'tua,{'P.)^hauf- 
 femens, ieorchures. The red excoriations which 
 occur in consequence of the friction of parts, or 
 between the folds of the skin, especially in fat or 
 neglected children. Washing with cold water 
 
 and dusting with hair powder is the best preven- 
 tive. .When occurring between the nates and in 
 the region of the perinseum, from loijg Walking, 
 Irvtertri'go- pod'icis, FroctaL'gia intertrigino'sa, 
 it is vulgarly designated by the French Entrt- 
 fesson-. 
 
 CHAIR, Flesh. 
 
 CHAISE PBRC£E,l.!is3.mm.. . 
 
 CHALASIS, Relaxation. 
 
 CHALASMUS, Relaxation, v . ' 
 
 CHALA S;TICUS, from /ai«t», 'I relax.' A 
 medicine proper tfor removing rigidity of the 
 fibres. — <Jalen. An emollient or relaxant, (q. v.) 
 
 CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chala'zium, Cha- 
 lazo'sis, Poro'sis, Grando, Hail\ (F.) SrUe, 
 Gravelie. Certain hard, j'ound, transparent tu- 
 mours, developed in diflferent parts of the body, 
 more especially in'the substance of the eyelids. 
 Alsoji the Cicatricula, (q. v.) 
 
 CHALCANTHUM, Ferri' sulphas-^c. Al- 
 bum, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 CHALCEDONIUS, Gornelian. 
 
 CHALCITES, Colcothar. 
 
 CHALCOIDEUM, (os) Cuneiform tone. 
 
 CHALCOS, Cuprum, ^reolum. ' 
 
 CHJILETTR, Heati— c. Acre, see Acrid— «. 
 Animate, Animal heat — c. des Animaux, lieat. 
 
 CHALEURS BUFOIE, Kea.t. 
 
 CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinopla^'ticl; from 
 /oiirof, 'fraenum,' 'a bridle,' and Tiiaoam, '1 
 form.' The oj)eration,for forming anew fraenum. 
 ■ CHALK, Creta — c. Red, Riibriea febrilis— 
 c. Stones, Calculi, arthritic- 
 
 CHALY'B'iAi:i:,,Chalyied'tus,Ferrugin'eus, 
 Ferr7igino'sus, Ferra'tuSy Martia'Us, Ferni'gi- 
 nous', Martial, (F .) FerrugineuS!;; from chalyls, 
 ' iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron, con- 
 taining iron. Any . medicine, into which iron 
 enters, as chalybeate mixture, pills, waters, &C. 
 See Wat ens. Mineral. , 
 
 CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri siibcartonas. 
 
 CHALYBS, froni Chalybes; apepplie of Pon- 
 tus, who dug iron out of the earth; A'eies, Steel. 
 The Pfoto-carburet of iron, (F^) Aeier. As a 
 medicine, steel does not differ from iron. 
 
 Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum t,artariza- 
 tum. 
 
 CHAMA, Cheme. 
 
 CHAM^^ACTE, Sambucus ebnius. 
 
 CHAMjEBATOS, Fragaria. 
 
 CHAM^CEDRIS, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 CHAM^CISSUS, iSlecoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAMiECLEMA, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 CHAM^CYPARISSnS,ATtemisiasantonica. 
 
 CHAMjEDROPS, Teucrium chamsdrys. 
 
 CHAMiEDRYi'TES. A wine, in which the 
 Teit'criumChameedrys' hiiS been infused. 
 
 CHAM^DRYS, Teucrhim Ch., Veronica— 
 c. Ihcana maritima, Teucrium marum— c. Mi- 
 nor repens, Teucrium Ch. — c. Palustris, Ten- 
 crium scordium — c. Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch. 
 
 CHAM^GEIRON, Tussilago. 
 
 CHAMiEL^AGNUS, Myrica gale. 
 ^CHAM^LA'i'TES. A wine impregnated 
 with Chamcelea, Daphne Alpi'na. 
 
 CHAM^^LEA, Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 CHAMELEON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis. 
 
 CHAM^LEUCE, Tussilago. 
 
 CHAM^LINUM, Linum catharticum. 
 
 CHAMiEMELUM, Anthemis nobilis— «. 
 Foetidum, Antheniis cotula^c. Nobile, Anthe- 
 mis nobilis— c. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis— 
 c. Vulgare, Matricaria chamomilla. 
 
CHAMiEMORUM 
 
 173 
 
 CBASSE 
 
 CHAMiEMORUM, Teucrium chamspitys; 
 Rubus chamaetnorus.' 
 
 CHAM^PEUCE, CamphoTosma Monspe- 
 liaca. 
 
 CHAM^SPITUITSrUM VIN0M. A wine, 
 in which the leaves of the Chamee'pitys, Teu'- 
 erium Chamre'pitys, have been infused. 
 
 CHAM^PITYS, Teucri^um chamaepitys— 
 c. Anthyllus,' Teucrium iva — c. Moschata, Teu- 
 crium iva. 
 
 CHAM^PLION, Erysimum. 
 
 GHAM^RAPH'ANUM, from ;t<*A»o'. 'on 
 the groun4,' and gooavof , ' the radish.' So Pau' 
 lus of .■Egina calls the upper pfirt of the root of 
 the Apium* 
 
 CHAM^'ROPS SERRATtlLA, Saw Pal- 
 metto. A farina is prepared from the roots of 
 this plant, which is used by the Indiani, in Flo- 
 rida, as diet. 
 
 CHAMBAR, Magnesia. 
 
 CHAMBER, CoOT'era, (F.) Chamtre. This 
 term is used in speaking of the eye, in which 
 the;re are two chambers, Cam'erx oc'uli : — an 
 amttrior and a posterior; (F.) Chambre ante 
 rie-ure et postirieure. The anterior is the space 
 between the cornea and the anterior part of the 
 iris : — the posterior, the space between the iris 
 and anterior surface of the crystalline. They 
 are filled with the aqueous humour, and com- 
 municate by the opening in the pupil. 
 
 CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE 
 PILLS. ' This nostrum, recommended in scro- 
 "fula, and all impurities of the blood, has been 
 analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of 
 cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a little 
 vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains. 
 
 GHAMBRE, Chamber. ' ' 
 
 CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa. 
 
 CHAMELEA, Daphne Alpina. 
 
 CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamo- 
 milla — c. Dyers', Anthemis tinctoria — c. Ger- 
 man, Matricaria chamomilla — c. Spanish, An- 
 themis pyrethrum — c. Stinking, Anthemis co- 
 tula — c. Wild, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 CHAMOMILLA NOSTRAS, Matricaria 
 chamomilla — c. Romana, Anthemis nohilis— c. 
 "Spuria, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 CHAMPACA, Michelia ,cliampaca. 
 
 CHAMPIGNON, Fungus— e. de VAppareil 
 des Frartures, Clavaria — c. de Couche, see Aga- 
 ric — f, de Malte, Gynomorion coccineum. 
 
 CHANCE LAGtTA, Canchalagua. 
 
 CHANCRE, (F.) Ul/us canrro'swm, Xflcim'- 
 miivmi cancro' sum. A sore, which arises from 
 the direct application of the venereal virus ; 
 hence it is almost' always seated, in men, on 
 the penis. The French use the word Chancre, 
 in popular language; for cancerous ulcers, the 
 malignant aphthae of children, '&c. Formerly, 
 the terms Caroli and Ca'ries pudendo'rum were 
 -used for venereal pustules or sores on the parts 
 of generation. 
 
 CHANCREUX, Chanereuse, (F.). Cancro'- 
 SU5, Careino'des. Having the nature of Chancre, 
 or of cancer. 
 
 Souton Chancreux, A small tumour of a 
 cancerous nature, which makes its appearance 
 on the face — most frequently on the upper lip — 
 Noli 'me tangere, -- 
 
 CHANT DES ARTiRES Siffiement mo- 
 dule. 
 
 CHANVRE, Cannabis sativa^c. Indien, 
 Bangue. 
 
 CBAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, 
 by this word, the art of predicting the future 
 from observation of the air. The word Chaos 
 was used by Paracelsus for the air; (luarTeid, 
 ' divination.') '. 
 
 CHAOSDA, Plague. 
 , CHAPERON DE MOINE,Kcomi\im xa- 
 pellus. 
 
 CHAPPETO^ADE, (F.) VomHtus ratio'- 
 sus. Vomiting accompanied by furious deli- 
 rium, attacking strangers in'hot countries. 
 
 CHAR'ACTER, ;f=<()iti4Tw, 'A mark or im- 
 pression.' (F.) Caraitire. In Pathology it is 
 us6d synonymously with stamp or appearance. 
 We say, " A disease is of an unfavorable cha- 
 racter,"' •' The prevailing, epidemic has a bi- 
 lious character," &c. In Mental Philosophy 
 it means— that which distinguishes one indi- 
 vidual from another, as regards his understand- 
 ing and passions. 
 
 ~ CHARA'DRIIIS. ^lian thus calls a bird, 
 which was reputed to cure jaundice. The vi'ord 
 now means the plover. 
 
 CHARANTIA-, Momordica elaterium. 
 
 CHAR BON, Anthrax carbo. 
 
 CHARBOlSfNEUX, Anthracoid. 
 
 CHARQOAL, Carbo— c. Animal, Carbo 
 ' animalis. 
 
 CHARDON AUX JnES, Onopordium 
 acanthium— -^0. B'enit, Centaurea benedicta — t. 
 at Bonnetier, Dipsacus fuUonum — c. Mtoile, 
 Centaurea. calcitrapa^— c. & Eoulorf, DipSacns 
 fullonum — c. Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense^ 
 c. Marie', Carduus Marianus — c. Roland j Eryn- 
 gium campestre. 
 
 CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. ciarlare, ' to talk 
 much ;' Circula'tor, Circumfora'neus, Perio- 
 deu'tes,' PseudomedHous, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon, 
 A QwfW/t, an Empiriral Pretender, an Emp'iric. 
 Originally, one who went from place to place to 
 sell any medicine^ to which he attributed mar- 
 vellous properties. By extension — any indivi- 
 dual, who endeavors to deceive the public by 
 passinghimself off as more skilful than he re- 
 ally is. According to Menage, the word 
 comes from drculatanws, a corruption of circu- 
 lator. 
 
 CHAR'LATANRY, Sgyr'tia, Banau'sia, 
 the conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) 
 Charlatanerie, Charlatanisms, QiMekery, Em- 
 piricism. ■ ' ^ 
 
 CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. 
 
 CHARM, Lat. 1 Carmen, whence comes the 
 Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charme, wUh the same 
 signification; Ganta'tio,f7icantamf!n'tu7ii. Trick. 
 A sort of magic, or superstitious practice, by 
 which it was helieved, that individuals might 
 be struck with sickness or death, or be restored 
 to health. - 
 
 CHARNIkRE, Ginglymus. 
 
 CHARNU, Carneous. 
 
 CHARPIE, Linteum — c. Brute, see Lintemli 
 — c. Rapee, see Linteum. 
 
 CHARTA VIRGINEA, Amnios. 
 
 CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. , 
 
 CHAS (F.) ^sif* fora'men. The eye of t. 
 needle. SometimeSj this opening^is near the 
 point of 'the instrument, as in the ligature 
 needle. 
 
 CHASME, Yavming. 
 
 CHASPE, Variola, 
 
 CHASSE {■?.)- Manu'brium. A kind of 
 handle composed of two moveable laminae of 
 
CHASSIS 
 
 174 
 
 CHEILOPLASTICE 
 
 horn, shell, or ivory, united only at the extre- 
 mity, •which holds the blade of-th? instrument, 
 —as in the common bleeding lancet. 
 
 CHASSIB (F.), Lema, lappa, Glama, 
 Gleme, Gra'mia, Lemos'itas ; the gwm of the 
 eye. A sebaceous humour, secreted mainly by 
 the follicles of Meibomius,' which sometimes 
 glues the eyelids together. 
 
 CHASSIEUX (F.) Uppus ; covered with 
 Ohassie — as JPaupi^res ckassieuses. 
 
 CHASTE TREE, yitex. ' ' 
 
 CHATAiGNE, see Fagus castanea— f. 
 d'Eaii, Trapa nataiis. 
 
 CUATAiGNIER COMMVN, Fagus cas- 
 tanea— >c. Nairi, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CHATEAU-tANDON, WATERS OF. A 
 town three leagues from Nemours, in France. 
 The waters contain alum and iron. . 
 
 CHATEAU-SALINS ; a town in the depart- 
 ment of La-Meurthe, France. The waters 
 contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of lime and 
 magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium and so- 
 dium. ' 
 
 CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Chateldon is iii the department of Puy-de- 
 Some, France. The waters contain carbonic 
 acid and iron. " 
 
 CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A village in France, in the department 
 Puy-dei-Dome, near which therp are five ther^ 
 raal and acidulous springs. Temperature, 86° 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 CHATON (F.), ' a husk.' In pathology, it 
 means a.funda or cavity formed by the irregu- 
 lar or hour-glass contraction of the uterus, in 
 which the placenta is often retained or encha- 
 toniU after the birth of the child. It is detect- 
 ed by passing the fingers along the cord as far 
 as the part .which is contracted, when the pla- 
 centa will not be discoverable. 
 
 The treatment consists in relaxing by a large 
 dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers 
 along the cord, and gradually dilating the open- 
 ing through which it passes, until it permits 
 the hand to go through. The' placenta must 
 then be grasped and gently withdrawn. 
 
 Clf.4T0iV, Vaginal process. ' 
 
 CHATONN&, CALCUL, (F.) Calcuhts in- 
 carcera'tus, Entys'ted CaVculus, Calcul en- 
 hystf. A urinary calculus, adherent to the in- 
 ner surface of the bladder, so -that it is immov- 
 able, and cannot pass to the difierent parts of 
 that organ. This happens when calculi form 
 in some natural or accidental cavity of the 
 bladder ; or when • the organ, by ulceration, 
 gives rise to fungi, which surround the calcu- 
 lus J or when it is lodged in the orifice of the 
 ureter or urethra. 
 
 CHATONNA, placenta, (F.) The 
 placenta when retained as above described. 
 See Chaton. 
 
 CKATONNEMENT, (F.) Incarceration 
 ChatantieTneHt du placenta, Ehjkystement. — 
 Hour-glass contraction of this uterus. See 
 Chaton, 
 
 CHATOVILLEMENT, (F.) This, word 
 sometimes means the action' of ticiling or titil- 
 lation {Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation 
 which gives rise to the action {Pruri'tus,) Itch- 
 ing. 
 
 CHAtrA, Castratus. 
 
 CHATRURE, Castration. 
 
 CHAUDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS 
 
 OF. C. is three quarters of a league from Thi- 
 onviile in France. The waters contain iron, 
 sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 .CHAUDEPI^SE, Gonorrhoea impura— c. 
 Cordee, Gonorrhcea cordata-T-c. tombee dans. Us 
 Bourses, Hernia hiimoralis. 
 
 CHAUDES-A I G U E S , MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. A small town in the department 
 of Cantal, France, where there, is a number of 
 saline springs containing . carbonic acid, carbo- 
 nate of soda,.and chloride of Sodium. Temp. 
 190° Fahrenheit. 
 
 GKAUPFOIR (F.)Linteiim Calefacto'riumi 
 According to the Acadimie, a warmed cloth, 
 used either for the purpose of warraii^ a pa- 
 tient, or to apply to a female recently delivered. 
 
 CHAUSSE, (F.) Chausse d'Hippocratfi 
 Manche d'Hippocrate, Man'ica Hippoe'ratis, 
 Man'ica, Sippocrates' Sleeve'. A conical bag, 
 made of flannel, for straining liquids, . 
 
 CHATXSS'!E-TRAPPE,Cen\saiea calcitrapa. 
 
 CHAUVETI, Calvities. 
 
 CHAUX, Calxy — c. Bic/iJorure i:?e,Calcis chlo- 
 ridum— c. Chlorure de, Calcis chloridunir-e. 
 Hydrochlorate de, Calcis murias — f. Hydrosul- 
 fate de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Muriate de, 
 Calcis murias — c. Muriate oxigene de^ Calcis 
 chloridum — c. Muriate suroxigene de, Calcis 
 chloridum — is. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridtun 
 — c. Oximuriate de, Calcis chloridum^c-. Vive, 
 Calx viva. 
 
 CHECKER-BERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 CHEEK, Gena. 
 
 CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seus, Tyros,' 
 Peete, <F.) Fromage. An aliment, prepared 
 from the caseous and oleaginous parts of milk. 
 Fresh cheeses owe their chief medipal properties 
 to the immediate principle, essentially cheesy, 
 to which the name ca'sewm or ca'^seinhas been 
 applied. Those, which have been recently 
 salted, are digested with comparative facility. 
 The flavour of cheese is owing, to an ammonia- 
 cal caseate. On the whole, cheese itself is hot 
 easy of digestion, although it may stimulate the 
 stomach to greater exertion, and thus aid in the 
 digestion of other substances. 
 
 CHEESE RENNET, Galium verum. 
 
 CHEE'SY, Caseq!rius, Caseo'sus, Tyro'des, 
 (F.) Caseux ou Caseeux. Having the nature of 
 cheese. 
 
 CHEF, Bandage (tail.) 
 
 CHEILITIS, Chili'tis, {lom /tilos, 'a lip.' 
 Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon. 
 
 CHEILOC'ACE, from /i/xos, .' a lip,' and 
 Koxos, 'evil.' LabHsul'cium. A disease, cha- 
 racterized, it is said, by swelling, induration, 
 and slight redness of the lips vyithout inflam- 
 mation; reputed, but without any authority, to 
 be common in England andScotland, amongst 
 children. Also, the thickn^s of the upper lip 
 of scrofulous children. See Stomacace, and 
 Cancer aquaticus. j 
 
 CHEILOCARGINO'MA, from j^aJoc, 'a lip,' 
 and xKjit/nn^o, ' cancer.' Cancer of the lip. 
 
 CHEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
 macace. . , • 
 
 CHEILON, Chilon. 
 
 CHEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from ;feiw?, 
 ' lip,' and oyxoc, ' swelling.' A swelling of the 
 lip. 
 
 CHEILOPHYMA, Cheiloncus. 
 
 CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Chiloplas'ticl, from 
 
CHEILOS 
 
 175 
 
 CHENOCOPRUS 
 
 The 
 
 ;ft;io;, «lip,' and 7i».«o-riMs, 'forming.' 
 operation for an artificial lip. 
 CHEILOS, Lip. ■ 
 CHEIMA, Cold. 
 CHEIMETLON, Chilblain. 
 CHEIMIA, Rigor. 
 CHEIR, Manus. 
 
 CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from x"?. ' the 
 hand,' and av6o{, 'flower.' The systematjc 
 name of the Common Yellow Wall Flolaer, Vi'- 
 ola lu'tea, Leucoiumlu'teum,Keyri, CA«»r», (F.) 
 Geroflde ou Violier ja-une. The flowers have 
 been esteemed nervine', narcotic, and deob- 
 struent. 
 
 CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of rubbing or 
 scratching, from /iij, ' the hand,' and otitw, ' I 
 touch.' A troublesome symptom in the itch. 
 CHEIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 CHEIRIS'MA, Cheiris'mvs. The act of 
 touching: — handling. Any manual operation. 
 CHEIRIXIS, Surgery. ■ 
 CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from -jfiiqi- 
 loiiiu, 'I exercise with the hands.' An exer- 
 cise, referred to by Hippocrates, which con- 
 sisted in using the hands, as in our exercise of 
 the dumb-bells. 
 
 CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. 
 CHEIROSIS, Subactio. 
 CHELA, ChelS. This word has several sig- 
 nifications. Chela, a forked probe used for ex- 
 tracting ;pOlypi from the nose. Chelse^-ciaps, 
 or cracks on the feet, organs of generation, &c. 
 Chela likewise means claws, especially those 
 of the crab. See Cancrorum Chelae. 
 Chel^ Palpebeakum,, see Tarsus. 
 CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 CHELE, Chela. 
 
 CHJlLIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium 
 majus — c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDON, x^i'-im, the hollow at the bend 
 of the arm. Hiruitdo. (q. v.)' 
 
 CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR, "fuls 
 
 CHELO'NION, Chelo'nium, (lom jfiieoni), 'a 
 tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell 
 of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the 
 back. — Gorrasus. The scapula. 
 
 CHELONOPH'AGI, from x'^m^> ' the tor- 
 toise,' and ipayia, ' I eat.' An ancient name for 
 certain tiribes, who dwtelt on the coasts of the 
 Red Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. — ' 
 Pliny, Diodorus of Sicily. 
 ' CHEL'SEA. PEN'SIONER. An empirical 
 remedy for rheumatism and gout, sold under 
 this name. {Gftm guaiac, ^}, powdered rhu- 
 barb _^ij, cream of tartar ^j, flowers of sulphur 
 gj, one nutmeg, finely ppwdered : made into an 
 electuary with a pound of clarified honey.) 
 Dose two spoonfuls. 
 
 CHELTENHAM, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. C . is a town in Gloucestershire, England, 
 nine miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of Lon- 
 don. Its water is oi:\e of the most celebrated 
 natural purgatives iii England. It is a saline, 
 acidulous chalybeate, and is much frequented. 
 Its main constituents are chloride of sodium, 
 sulphate of soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic 
 acid E^nd carbonate of iron. 
 
 Cheltenham Salts. These are sometimes 
 made from the waters;' at others, factitiously. 
 The following is a formula. Sodii chlorid., 
 magnes. sulphat,, sodse sulph., 5a ftj : dissolve, 
 filter, evaporate to dryness ;, then add Ferri 
 sulph., gss. 
 
 Cheltenham -WATfett, Artificial, may be 
 made of Epsom salt, gr. xij^ iron filings, gr. j: 
 Glauber' sjalt, giv : water, 4 gallons ;, impreg- 
 nated with the gas from marble poWder'anA sul- 
 phuric add, aa Zij. . 
 
 CHELYS, Thorax. 
 
 CHELYS'CIOjf, from X''^"?, 'the chest.' A 
 short, dry cough. — Galen, Hippocr. Foesius. 
 
 CHEME, Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient 
 measure, equivalent to about two teaspoon- 
 
 Ranunculus ficaria 
 
 CHEI.IDONIUM, Bryonia alba. 
 
 CHELinoNiuM Majtts, from ;ftiiiJo)», 'a swal- 
 low,' because its flowering coincides with the 
 appearance of the swallow. Papd'ver Comic'u- 
 laltum, P. lu'tettm,, Com^non Cel'andine, Tetter- 
 wort, (F;) Chelidoine grande, L'Acloire. Fa- 
 mily, Papaveraceae. Sea:. Syst, Polyandria 
 Monogynia. The root and recent plant have 
 been considered aperient and diuretic. Exter- 
 nally, the juice has been employed in some cu^ 
 taneous diseases. 
 
 Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given to 
 stones, which, it was prettntled, existed in the 
 stomach of young swallows. They were for- 
 merly believed capable of curing epilepsy. 
 
 CHELOID, Cancroid, 
 
 CHELO'NE, xiU>vt!, 'a tortoise.' An in- 
 strumftit for extending a limb ; so called, be- 
 cause in its slow motions, it resembled a tor- 
 toise. — Oribasius. See Testudo. 
 
 C/Helo'ne Glabraj Camman Snake head. 
 Turtle head. Turtle bloom, Shillflower. An in- 
 digenous plant,* iSea:. Syst. Didynamia angio- 
 spermia ; blossoming from July to November. 
 The leaves are bitter and tonic ; without any 
 aromatic smell, and with very little astringency. 
 
 CHELO'NIA MYDAS, The Green Turtle. 
 This species of turtle abounds . on the coast of 
 Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure. 
 
 CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CHEMI ATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-his- 
 tology. 
 
 CHEMICUS, Chvmical, Chymist. 
 
 CHEMIST, Chymist. 
 
 CHEMISTRY, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMO'SIS, from /u/iij, 'an aperture,' or 
 from vu/iiOf, 'a humour.' A name given to 
 ophthalmia, when the conjunctiva, surrounding 
 the cornea, forms a high ring, making the cor- 
 nea seem as it were at the bottom of a well. 
 By some, it is used synonymously with oph- 
 thalmia membra7iarum. See Ophtnalmia. 
 
 CHEMOTICE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHEMOTICUS, Chymical. 
 
 CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Chenay is a town in France, two leagues from 
 Rheims. The waters are chalybeate. , 
 
 CHENE, Quercus alba — e. Marin, Fucus 
 vesiculosus — c. Petit, Teucrium chamaedrys — c. 
 Vert, Ilex aquifolium. 
 
 CHkNEVlS, sei Cannabis sativa. 
 
 CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina. 
 
 CHENOCOPRUS, from j^ijvj'a goose,' and 
 noTjof, 'dung.' The dung of the goose is so 
 designated in some old Pharmacopoeias. It 
 was formerly employed as a febrifuge and diu- 
 retic. 
 
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES 176 CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 
 CHENOPO'DIUM AMBROSIOI'DES, from 
 ;fijy, 'a goose,' and toi/s, 'a foot.' Botrys Mex- 
 ica'na^ Chen-opo' dium Mexica'nwm, Botrys, 
 Ambrosial! des Mexica'na, Botrys Ameriea'na, 
 Artemis'ia Botrys, Mexico Tea, Spanish Tea, 
 {^ .) Anserine,- The du JHeadque, Atfihrosie .d-u 
 Megaque. The infusion was once drunk as tea. 
 It has heen' used in paralytic cases ; .and in the 
 United States is said to be used as an anthelr 
 aiintic indiscriminately with Ch. anthelminti- 
 cUm. 
 
 Chemopo^'dium Anthelmin'ticum, Chenopo'- 
 diumj Botrys anthelmin'tica. Worm-seed, Worm' 
 ^oos6foot,^Wormseed ^oosefoot,, Jerusalem Oak 
 of America, Goosefoot, Stin&ioeed, (Y.y Anse- 
 rine anth^lmintique, A. vermifuge. This plant 
 grows plehtifuUy in the United States. The 
 fruit — Chenopodium, (¥ii. U. S.) — is much used 
 in cases of worms. Dose of the powder, from 
 a tea-spoonful to a table-spoonful or rriore. , The 
 oil, O'leum Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.) from 8 to 
 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited. It is 
 as much used in America as the Semen Santon'- 
 ici with the English. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Bontjs Henei'ous, Chrysolnch'- 
 anum, JMCercuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus,- Tota 
 bona, Ttap'athwm unctuo' sum, Chenopo'dtv/m, 
 Pes anseri'-nus, \E7tgHsh Mercury, Allgood, An- 
 gular-leave^d goosefoot, (F.) Anserine Bon 
 Henri, Epinard saimage. The leaves are 
 emollient, and have been applied to iilcers, &c. 
 It has also been' considered refrigerant and ec- 
 'coprotic. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Botrys, Botrys, Botrys vul- 
 ga'ris, Arnbro'sia, Artetnis'ia Chenopo'dium, 
 At'riplex odora'ta, At'riplex suav'eolens ; the 
 Jerusalem, Oak, {i.11%.) (¥.) Anserine Botrys, 
 possesses anthelmintic properties, and was once 
 given in diseases of the chest, palsy, &c. It is 
 useless. 
 
 Chenopoditim F(ETiDUM, Cheuopodium, vnl- 
 varia. 
 
 Chenopodiuih Quinoa, Quiiiua. A nutri- 
 tious, wholesome, and agreeable article of food 
 with the Peruvian. The leaves, before the 
 plant attains maturity, are eaten as. spinach: 
 but the seeds are most generally used as food,- 
 boiled in milk or broth, and sometimes cooked 
 with cheese and Spanish pepper. 
 
 Chenopo'dium Vulva'eia, At'riplex fa'tida, 
 At'riplex ol'ida, Vulva'ria, Garos'mum,Raphex, 
 Chenopo'dium -Fce'tidwm, Stinking Orach or 
 ■Goosefoot, i^.) Vulvaire, Arroche pUant, An- 
 serine fetideJ The fetid* smell has occasioned 
 it to be used as an antispasmodic and nervine. 
 
 CHEOPINA, Chopine. 
 
 CHEQUERBERRr, Gaultheria. 
 
 CHERAMIS, Cheme. 
 
 CHERBACHEM. Veratrum album, 
 
 CHERBAS, Lettuce. 
 
 CHERMES, Kermes. 
 
 CHERNIBIUM, Urinal. 
 . CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus— c. Tree, 
 Ted, Prunus cerasus— c. Tree, black, Prunus 
 avium — c. Tree, wild, Prunus Virginiana — c. 
 Water, Kirschwasser — c. Wild cluster, Prunus 
 padus — c. Winter, PhysaJJs. 
 
 CHERS.iE, Faeces. 
 
 CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium— c. Wild, 
 ChaerophylluTi sylvestre. 
 
 CHESIS, from xfttiv, 'to go to stool.' A 
 more frequent desire to evacua,te the bowels. 
 
 CHEST, Thorax. 
 
 CHESTNUT TREE, Ifagus castanea. 
 
 CHEVAUCHEMENT,.(¥.) Os'sivm, su- 
 perposi''^o vel ^_equita'tio, Parallax'is, Paral- 
 lag'ma. The riding of one bone over another 
 after fracture, giving irise to shortening of the 
 limb. See Riding of Bones. 
 
 CHEVELVRE, Scalp. i 
 
 CHEYESTRE, Chevitre, Cdpis'tram,txoTa 
 caput, ' tfie head.' A bandage, applied round 
 the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the 
 lower jaw. According to the mode in which 
 it is made, it is called simplej double, oblique, 
 &c. -■ .' 
 
 CHEVEU, Capillus. 
 
 CHEVJLLE^DU PIED, Malleolus. 
 
 CHkVRE-FEUILLE, Lonicera periclyme- 
 num. 
 
 CHEZANAN'CE,ifrom jfttw, 'I go to stool,' 
 and avxyxtj, 'necessity.' An ointment com- 
 posed of honey and alum, and rubbed on the 
 anus to occasion evacuations. — Patilus of iEgina. 
 
 CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island 
 where it viras found. A kind of white earth, 
 formerly used for burns. — Galen. 
 
 CHl'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A coUyrium 
 consisting of several drugs and.Chi^n virine. — 
 Paiilus of jBgiha. 
 
 CHIADUS, Eurunculn^. 
 
 CBIAS'MVS, Chias'ma, Ckiasm,fiam patw; 
 to form like the letter x- The crucial union 
 of parts, — as the optic coTmnissure or chiasm 
 of the optic nerves, — Chias'vtus sen Ckias'ma 
 nervo'mm &ptico' ruTn, . 
 
 CHIASTER, Kiaster. 
 
 CHIAS'TOS. Same, etymon. A bandage 
 so called because it resembles the letter ;j. — 
 Oribasins. 
 
 CHIBOXT, see Bursera gummifera. 
 
 CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with In- 
 dian meal dried in the sun, and fermented with 
 water. Its taste is. that of bad cider. It is 
 also made from rice, peas, barley, fee. ,*;'» ' 
 
 CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lord(Bi%|,.; 
 
 CHICKENPOX, Varidella. . 1^4 ' 
 
 CHICKWEED, Alsine media. 
 
 CHICORAE DES JARDINS, Cichotium 
 endivia — c. Sauvage, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 Cir7£JVD£iVT, Triticum repens. 
 
 CHIGGO, Chique. 
 
 CHTGGRE, Chique. 
 
 CHIGOE, Chique. 
 
 CHIL'BLAIN, Per'nio, Bugan'tia, Erytlte'- 
 ma Per'nio, Erythe'ma a Fri'gori, Cheimet'lon, 
 Chimet'lum, Chimon, Male?, from chill, ' cold,' 
 and blain, 'a pustule.' (F.) Engelure. An 
 erythematous inflammation of the feet,— 
 hands, £c., occasioned by cold. It is very 
 common in youth—- not so in the adult or in ad- 
 vanced age. It is apt to' degenerate into pain- 
 ful, indolent ulcerations, called Kibes. Chil- 
 blains are prevented by accustoming the parts 
 to exposure; and are treated by stimulant, tere- 
 binthinate and balsamic washes, ointments, and 
 liniments. , 
 
 CHILD-BED STATE, Parturient state. 
 
 CHILDHOOp, Infancy. 
 
 CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 CHILI, see Lima. 
 
 CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF. ■ The 
 most celebrated mineral springs of Chili, in 
 South America, are those of Peldehues and 
 Cauquenes. The former are not far from St. 
 Jago. They consist of t,wo springs, one ther- 
 
CHILIOGRAMMA 
 
 177 
 
 CHIROTHEOA 
 
 mal, the other cold. The hot spring is clear, 
 inodorous, and contains soda and Carbonic acid. . 
 The cold spring contains iron and sulphate of 
 soda. Cauquenes is much resorted to by inva- 
 lids during the summer. Mineral waters are 
 very common in Chili. 
 
 CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme. 
 
 CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea miUefoUum. 
 
 CHILITES, Cheilitis. 
 
 CHILlr, Rigor. 
 
 CHI'LON, Ghei'lon, Cheili'tis, from x"'°') 
 *a lip.' Inflammatiop of the lips. — Vogel. One 
 who has a thick lip; Labeo, Labes. 
 
 CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice. 
 
 CHIM.^PHILA, Pyrola umbellata, 
 
 CHIMETLUM, Chilblain. 
 
 OHlMIA, Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMIATER, Chymiater. 
 
 CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 CHIMIE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHIMISTE, I'hymist. 
 
 CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold. 
 
 CHINA. Cinchona, Smilax china — c. Ame- 
 rican or West India, Smilax pseudo-china — c. 
 Occidentalis, Smilax\ pseudo-china— ^c. Root, 
 Smilax china — c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseu- 
 do-china. 
 
 CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila — c. 
 Water, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 CHINCHE, Cimex. 
 
 CHINCHINA, Cinchona. 
 
 CHINCHUNCHULLI, lonidium marcucci. 
 
 CHINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 CHINESE,MEDICINE OF THE, Medid'na 
 Sin'ica. Medicine has been''long,,but most im- 
 perfectly, practised by the Chines&. From 
 their therapeutics we have obtained the old 
 alterations of -acupuncture and moxibustion. 
 
 CHING'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
 Lozenges, Ching's. < 
 
 CHINICUS ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of 
 — c.'Citras. Quinine, citrate of. 
 
 CHINII ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of. 
 
 CHININI ACETAS, Quinine, acetate of. 
 
 CHININUM, Quinine — c. Arsenicosum, see 
 Quinine, salts of — c. Sulfuricum, see Quinine. 
 
 CHINIOIDINE; -Ckinmdi'ne, Chinoidi'na, 
 Quinoidine; from C^Araa,' Cinchona.' A sub- 
 stance presumed to be an alkaloid by Sertiirner, 
 who separated it from cinchona. It has been 
 supposed to be a mixture of quinia, cinchonia, 
 and a peculiar resinous matter, but according 
 to Liebig it is simply the alkaloid quinia in an 
 amorphous state. • 
 
 CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quinine, acetate 
 of — c. FerrocySnogenatum, Quinine, Ferrocya- 
 nate of — cl Hydrochloricum, Quinine,'' muriate 
 of — c. Muriaticum, Quinine, muriate of — c. Ni- 
 tricum, Quinine, nitrate of — c.Phosphoricum, 
 Quinine, pl^osphate of — c. Salitiim, Quinine, 
 muriate of — c. Sulphuricum, &c., see Quinine. 
 
 CHINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella. 
 
 CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila. 
 
 CHINWHELK, Sycosis. 
 
 CHIOCOCCjE radix, Caincae radix. 
 
 CHIOLI, Furunculus. 
 
 CHION, Snow. » 
 
 CHIQXTE, (F.) Puce penetrimte, PitlexFen'- 
 firans, Ticik, Chiggre, Chigoe, , Cfdggo. A 
 small insect in Americaand-the Antilles, which 
 sets under the epidermis, and excites great ir- 
 ritation. 
 
 CHIR, Cheir, j^fij, Majius. 
 
 CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHI'RAGRA, from \/sie, 'hand,' and oyj*, 
 'a seizure.' Gout in the- hand. 
 
 CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsehal. 
 
 CHIRAPSIA, Friction. 
 
 CHIRARTHRrTIS,from/H§,'hand,'a5«M, 
 'joint,' and itis; denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the joints of the hand. 
 
 CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 
 CHIRHEUMA, Chirrhenma. 
 
 CHIRIATER, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRIATRIA, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala. 
 
 CHIRISIS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
 
 CHIRIXIS, Surgfety. 
 
 CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from x"i> 'the, hand,' 
 and jtugToiois, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of 
 the hand. 
 
 CHI'ROMANCY, Chiromatiti'a, Yaticin'ktm 
 chiroman'ticwm, P glm'istry , from 5^t'5, 'the 
 hand,' and,«ovTf<a, 'divination.' (F.) Chiro- 
 tn'Mcie. Art of divining by inspection of the 
 hand. 
 
 CHIRQNAX, Surgeon. 
 
 CHIRO'NIA, (from Chiron, Xt ijav, the Cen- 
 taur,' who is said to have discovered its use.) 
 A genus of plants. Fdm. Gentianeae. 
 
 Chieo'nia Angula'eis, Amei 'ienn Cen'taiiry, 
 Rosepink, Wild Suc'coryyBitterbloom, Centry, 
 -Sabha'tid, S. An^alafris. Every part of this 
 plant is a pure and strong bitter, which pror 
 perty is communicated alike to alcohol and to 
 water. It is used as a tonic and stomachic. 
 
 CHIE0'NlxCEMTAC'KIUM,Cc»fOW'n«OT»»m««j 
 
 vtilga'r&'f Centau'riuTn parvv^, Gentia/nti cen~ 
 tdu'rium, Centmi' HuTn minus,- Erythrse'a Cen- 
 tau'rium, Centuu'reWm, Centau'ria, Smaller 
 Centau'ry, Lesser Centaury, (F.) Centiiuree 
 petite. The tops of the lesser Centaury, C»n- 
 taurii Caeu'mina, are aromatic and tonic, and 
 are sometimes employed as such,. 
 
 Chiro'nia Chilem'sis, Gtntia'na Cachenla- 
 huen, Cachen-liiguen, Erythrsp'f Chilen'sis, 
 Gentia'na Peruvia'na. A very bitter plant, in- 
 digenous in Chili. It possesses the virtues of 
 the Chiromex. Given in infusion — (,^j, to wa- 
 ter Oj.1 
 
 CHIRONITJM, from xii^av, 'bad, malig- 
 nant.' An ulcer diflicult of cure: — of a swollen, 
 hard, and callous nature; — Galen. Some have 
 supposed the word to come from Chiron, the 
 Centaur; who was unable to cure such ulcers. 
 
 CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia. 
 
 CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who 
 treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather 
 ■whose prOfessioii it is to remove corns and bun- 
 vons, from %nq, 'the hand,' aiid irouf, 'the 
 foot.' 
 
 CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
 
 CHIROSIS, Subactio. 
 
 CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from 5ft.f, 'the hand,' 
 and fiTOfijiKv, 'toturn.' Distortion of the hand. 
 
 CHIROTHE'CA, from /f,?, 'the hand,' and 
 Sijxi), 'a sheath.' A bandage for the hand; a 
 kind of bandage in which the fingers and hand 
 are enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole 
 hand and fingers are covered, it is called the 
 double or complete Chirotkeca, Ch. cowple'ta, 
 Yinctu'ra om,nibus dig"itis ; and when only a 
 finger is covered, the half or incomplete, Ch. 
 
CHIROTRIBIA 
 
 178 
 
 CHLOROTIC 
 
 See 
 
 incomple'taj Vinctu'ra pro uno dig"iio 
 Gantelet, 
 
 CHIEOTRI'BIA, from xt'i, 'the hand,' and 
 •rfi(?a, 'I rub.' Friction with the hand. Ac- 
 cording to others, dexterity in an art. — Hippo- 
 crates, Galen. 
 
 CHIRRHEU'MA, Chirorrheu'mn , Uheuma- 
 tis'mus manus, from %ii^ ' the hand,' and-gf i/^ua, 
 'flux.' Rheumatism of the hand. 
 
 CHIRURGEON, Surgeon. , ' ' 
 
 CHIRURGIA, Surgery — e. Anaplastica, 
 Morioplastice — c. Curtqrum, Morioplastice — c. 
 Infusoria, Infusion of medicines — c. Transfuso- 
 tia, Transfusion. 
 , CHIRURGICUS, Surgical. 
 
 CHIRTJRGIE, Surgery— c. Militaire, Sur- 
 gery, niilitary. 
 
 CHlkURGIEN, Surgeon— c. Consifltant, 
 Consulting. Surgeop — c. Hernieux,see Hernial. 
 
 CHm^TRGIQtXEi.Smgica\i 
 
 CHIRURGUS, burgeon. 
 
 CHIST. An Arabic word which signifies 
 the sixth part. The sixth part of the Congius 
 or gallon. 
 
 CHITON, Tunic. 
 
 CHITONISCUS, Indusium. 
 
 CHIUM VINUM. From Chios, the island 
 where it was produced; Chian wins, used by 
 the physicians of antiquity in cases of defliix- 
 ions and ophthalmiae. — Scribonius Largus. 
 
 CHLI?AROS, ;fXiagog, 'tepid.'- A name 
 given to slight fevers, in which the heat is not 
 great. — Galen. 
 
 CHLIAS'MA,. yhaafia, same etymon. A 
 tepid and moist fomentation. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CHLOAS'MA, Pityri'asis versic'olor, ^phi- 
 iide scorbutique, Mac'ula hepat'icti, Fan^ius he- 
 pat'icus, JSepati'zon, Phaci, Pka'cea, Pkacus, 
 (F.) Taches hepatiques-y Chaleurs du foie, 
 Liverspot,, {rora jfioo?, 'a greenish-yellow co- 
 lour.' A cutaneous affection, characterized by 
 one or more broad irregular-shaped patches, of 
 a yellow or yellowish-brown colour, ind occur- 
 ring most frequently on the front of the neck, 
 breast, abdomen, groins, &c. The patches do 
 not generally rise above the surface. There is 
 usually some degree of itching. , 
 
 The causes are not rery evident. Sulphur 
 externally-^in any and every form — generally 
 removes it speedily. Should there be difficulty, 
 the external use of the remedy in baths or fu- 
 migations may succeed. 
 
 CHLORA, Chlorine; 
 
 CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po- 
 tassaB murias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 CHLORASMA, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORE, Chlorine — c. Liquide, see Chlo- 
 rine. 
 
 CHLORETUM CALCARIiE, Calcis chlo- 
 ridum. 
 
 CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis. 
 
 CHLORINE, from ;f imgoc, ' green.' Chlo'- 
 Hn-Um, Chlora, Oxymuriat'ic Acid Gas, Oxyge- 
 nated. Muriatic Acid Gas, Dephlogisticated Ma- 
 rine Acid, Hal'ogene, Mu'rigene, Chlorum, (F.) 
 Chlore. So far as we know, this is an elemen- 
 tary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, 
 of a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable 
 taste ; incapable of maintaining combustion and 
 respiration, and very soluble in water. One of 
 its characteristics is, that of destroying, almost 
 immediately, all vegetable and animal colours. 
 It is employed in fumigations as a powerful 
 
 disinfecting agent. A very dilute solution, Aqnt 
 seu Liquor chlo'rird, (F.) Chlore Hguid^.iai 
 been administered, internally, iri certain cases 
 ofMiarrhoea arid chronic dysentery. Immersion 
 of the hands and arms in it has often removed 
 itch and other cutaneous affections. It has also 
 been inhaled in a dilute state in the early stags 
 of phthisis, but it is of doubtful eflicacy, and i» 
 better adapted for chronic bronchitis. 
 
 CHLO'ROFORM, Perchloride of Fotmyl, 
 called, also, Terchloride of Carbon, and Chloric 
 ether, ^ther chlo'ricus, (E.) Chlorure de,Car- 
 bon, so called on account of the tonnexisn of 
 chlorine with formic acid, is A colourless olear 
 ginous liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odolir, hot, 
 aromatic, and peculiar taste, and of the specific 
 gravity 1 .480. It may be obtained bydistillini; 
 from a mixture of chlorinated lime and alcohol, 
 — rectifying the product by re-distillation, first 
 from a great excess of chlorinated lime, and 
 afterwards from strong sulphuric acid. It has 
 been used with advantage in asthma, and in 
 diseases in which a grateful soothing agent is 
 required. Dose,, f. ^ss to f. gj. diluted with 
 water. It has likewise been prescribed with 
 great success as an aniestbetic agent in spas- 
 modic diseases ;. and to obtund sensibility in sur- 
 gical operations and in parturition,— respecially 
 in the way of' inhalation; but its, use requires 
 caution. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLLE, Fecula^ gr^en. 
 CHLORO'SIS, from ;cio,pos, 'green,' Pid'li- 
 dns Morbus, Fsedus Vir'ginum color, fal'l^iis 
 'color i}irgi7i*eus, Icterit"ia alba, Ic'terus alhuSt 
 Leueopathi'a, Morbus virgin'eus. Morbus Tar- 
 then'ius, Di/spep'sia ckloro'sis,Febris a/mato'riai 
 Qachex'ia vir'ginum, Febris vir'ginwm, Fehrii 
 alba, Anepithym'ia chloro'sis,,Chloras'ma,Chlq- 
 ri'asis, Citto'sis, Green-sickness, (F.) CA/o- 
 rose, Pdles-couleurs. A disease ^hich affects 
 young females, more particularly those who 
 have not menstruated. It is characterized by 
 a pale, lurid complexion, languor, listleiSsness, 
 depraved appetite and digestion, palpitation, &c. 
 The disease generally goes off on the oc^rrence 
 of the menstrual flux; but sonletimes it is long 
 before this is established, and at times, the oa- 
 tamenia are in much larger quantity than usual. 
 To this last form M. Trousseau has given the 
 name chlorose hemorrhagique. 
 
 The blood of chlorosis is gerierally thin, light- 
 coloured, and deficient in red. corpuscles; and 
 the clot is in less proportion to the serum than 
 in health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound 
 has been almost ihvariably detected over the 
 heart, and a continuous blowing sound in the 
 larger arteries, (especially theearotids and sub- 
 clavians,) re-enforced by each systole of the 
 ventricle, and resembling the buzzing of a hum- 
 ming-top, the cooing of d<)yeB, the whistling of 
 air through a key-hole, &c., (See Bruit.) Very 
 similar sounds are heard in the arteries after 
 copioifs hemorrhage : they seem, therefore, to 
 coincide with enfeebled cir<!ulation. 
 
 Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the 
 treatment, — the disease most commonly occur- 
 ring in those in whom there is considerable 
 torpor of the system.- 
 
 Chlorosis .Sthiopum Chthonophagia— c 
 Amatoria, Hectic fever— c. Gigantea, see Poly- 
 sarcia. 
 
 CHLOROT'IC, Chlorot'icus, (F.) Chlon- 
 tique. Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining 
 
CHLORUM 
 
 179 
 
 CHOLERA 
 
 to chlorosis j — as chloroHc female, chlorotic 
 agntptoms, &c. 
 
 CHLORUM, Chlorine. 
 
 OHLORURE DE CARBON, Chloroform 
 — e. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of. , 
 
 CHLORURETUM OXIDI CALCII, Calcis 
 chloridam. 
 
 CHOA, Chu. 
 
 CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. 
 A black piaster^ mentioned by Gelsus, and com- 
 posed of equal parts of litharge and resin. The 
 litharge was first boiled in oil. 
 
 CHOAK, Cyntinche trachealis — c. Wolf, Ly-. 
 eanche. 
 
 CHOANA, Pelvis — C. Cerebri; Infundibulum 
 of the brain. 
 
 CHOANE, Infniidibulum. 
 
 CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. ; 
 
 CHOA V A, Coffea Arabica. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, Chacola'tum, Chhcola'ta, 
 Succola'ta, Sudcoeolla'ta. Dr. Alston says, 
 that this word is compounded from two East 
 Indiafi words '.-^ehoco, ' sound,' and atle, ' water,' 
 because of the noise made in its preparati'on. 
 An alimentary paste prepared from the kernels 
 of the Theabro'ma vaeao or Oacao, with sugar, 
 and often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The cho- 
 colate thus simply prepared — as it is met with, 
 indeed, in commerce — is called in France CKo-, 
 eolat de santi. It is not very easy of digestion 
 
 The chacolat a la vanille contains three ounces 
 of vanilla and two ot cinnamon to tw^ty pqunda 
 of eommoji chocolate. The addition of the aro- 
 matic renders it somewhat more digestible. 
 Chocolates may likewise be medicated. 
 
 CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Virginianum 
 
 CHOCUSjChu. 
 
 CHCENICIS, Trepan. 
 
 CHCENION, Cord. 
 
 CHfENOS, Cord. 
 
 CHCERUS, Scrofula. 
 
 CHOIROS, Vulva.' 
 
 CHOKE DAMP, Carbonic acid. 
 
 CHOLA, Chole. 
 
 CHOLAGO, Cholas. 
 
 CHOL'AGOGUi;, Cholago'gus, Chole'gos, 
 Fellid'ucus, from x^'^'l-y ' bile,' and ayw, ' I ex- 
 pel.' The ancients gave this name to cathar- 
 tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of 
 bile. 
 
 CHOLANSIS, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLASj ;fDXo5, Plur. '>o\oitc. The epi- 
 gastric.' region. Chola'go, The intestines. — 
 Homer. 
 
 CHOLASMA, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLfi, Cholus, Chola, ' bile,' (q. v.) in 
 composition Hence : 
 
 CilOLK,C'CB.YSI&,Cholen.'chi/sis;fiomxoX>i, 
 ' bile,' and «y /u-r/j, ' effusion.' Effusion of bile. 
 
 CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLEC YSTEURYS'MA,*rcrm j/oi,, 'bile,' 
 xvTTig, ' bladder,' and ivovr/m, 'dilatation.' Di- 
 latation of the gall-bladder! 
 
 CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Infiamma'tio Vesi'ca 
 fell'ea, I. cyst'idis fell' ex. Cystitis fel'lea, He- 
 pati'tis Cyst'ica,trota x.'^ri, 'bile,' and kuo-tis;, 
 ' bladder.' (FV) InfiOmmation de la Vesicule du 
 Fiel, ChoUcystite. Inflammation of the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 CHOL'EDOCH, Choled'ochus; from'^a.oi,, 
 ' bile,' and io/ot, ' containing or receiving.' 
 The Ductus choledochus seu hep'ato-cys'tieus. 
 Ductus communis choledochus, (F.) Conduit ou 
 
 Canal ChoUdoque, is the , duct formed by the 
 union of the hepatic .and cystic ducts, which 
 pours the hepatic and cystic bile into the duo- 
 deniAn. 
 
 CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from eholeddchui, and 
 itis; a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the choledoch duct. • , ■ 
 
 CHOLEDpG'RAPHY,CAbWogT»'^Wa,C%o- 
 legrlaph'ia, , Cholograph'ia, from %oi,ri, ' bile,' 
 and YQiiiftir, '\q describe.' A description of 
 what relates to the bile and biliary organs'. 
 
 CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole- 
 log"ia, Chololo^'ia, from j^oiij, 'bile,' and 
 Xayif, ' a discourse.' A^ treatise on the bile 
 and biliary organs. 
 
 CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue. 
 
 CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledograjihy.. 
 
 CHOLEH^MIAj Icterus. 
 
 CHOLEIA, Claudication. 
 
 CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis — c. 
 Icterus, Icterus. 
 
 C HOLELITHI ASIS, Ciysthepatolithiasis, 
 
 CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLELOGIA, Choledology. 
 
 CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'esis, from yoXri, 
 'bilp,' and jikkt 15, 'vomiting.' Vomiting of 
 bile.. . ' 
 
 CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis. 
 
 CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious. 
 
 CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious. 
 . CHOLEPYRRHIN, see BUe. - 
 
 CHOL'ERA, Chol'erd-morbus, Chol'era nos- 
 tras. Cholera vulgd'ris, Sporad'ic Chol'era, 
 Cholerrht/gia^ Pas'sio ekoler'ica, Fellif'lwa 
 passip,Morbusfellifluus,J£ol'era,BilisJltix'io, 
 (F.) Cho/era-rmorbus sporodiq-ue, ' Ch. Euro~ 
 pe'en, Trousse-gulant, from ;f»iii;, 'bile,' and 
 jsoj, 'I flow.'. According to others, from ;^e- 
 xaict, ' intestines,' or from x.'>^sqct, ' the gutter 
 of a house to carry off the rain.' The higher 
 degrees have been called Cenfrogangtii'tis, and 
 Myelogangl%i'tis. A disease characterized by 
 anxiety, gripings, spaSms in the legs arid arms, 
 and by vomiting and purging (generally bi- 
 lious :^vomiting and purging are, indeed, the 
 essential symptonjs. The disease is mostconl- 
 mon in, hot ^climates, — arid in temperate cli- 
 mates, during summer. In. India', SpHsmod'- 
 ic chol'era, Asiatic cholera, Malig'natft ch., 
 In'dian cholera, Epidem'ic ch., Pestilen'tial ch.. 
 Asphyxia pestilen'tA, Pestilen'tial asphyxfin. 
 Choleric Pest'ilence, Eastern ch., Orien'tnl ch.. 
 Cholera orienta'Hs, Ch. In'dica, Chj Epidem'i~ 
 ca. Typhus Bengnlen'sis, Chol'ero-typh'us, Gan- 
 'glioni'tis peripher'ica et medulla'ris^ Hymeni)' 
 gnnglii'tiSyPantogangHi'tis,ChoJerxh,m'alymph- 
 atica, Psorenter'ia ; Typhoid Fever of India, 
 Cholera asphyxia, Hyperanthrnx'is, Enterop'y- 
 ra Asidt'iea, Trisplanch'nia, Trisplanchni'tis, 
 JSsemataporrho' sis , Hamiiiorrho'sis,, Morbus 
 oryzeus. Malignant Cholera, Convulsive ner- 
 vons Cholera, Rice disease, (because: supposed 
 by Tytler to be caused hy damaged rice,) (F.) 
 Mort de Chien, is frightful in the rapidity of 
 its progress, the patient sometimes dying in a 
 few hours from the first onset. . In temperate 
 climates, common cholera is not usually a dis- 
 ease of much consequence. It requires that the 
 stomach and bowels should be cleared, and af- 
 terwards the irritation be allayed by full doses 
 of opium. In the malignant cholera of India, 
 bleeding at the outset, without regard to the 
 
CHOLERA-EVB-OPiEN 
 
 180 
 
 CHONDRO-PHARTNGEUS 
 
 signs of apparent depression, and large doses of 
 calomel, with opiates,, form the great relian e 
 of the practitioner. 
 
 Cholera, Asiatic, see Cholera' — c. Asphyxia, 
 see Cholera — c. Epidemic, see Choleja — c.Eu- 
 ropeen, see Cholera — p. Indian, see Cholpra-^c. 
 Indica, see Cholera. 
 
 Cholera Infan'tum, Chol'eric Fever of In- 
 fants; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed 
 by American physicians. It occurs, generally, 
 in the middle states of the Union, in June or 
 July, and continues during » the hot weather, 
 hence .called the 'summer complaint.' The 
 chief syrhptoms are vomiting, purging of green 
 or yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with 
 pain or uneasiness ; and swelling, of the abdo- 
 men, with some pyrexia, generally. The heat 
 of the weather seems to be the predisposing, if 
 not the exciting, cause. It is a fatal disease in 
 towns; differing little, if at all, from what is 
 vulgarly called' the Watery Gripes ih England. 
 Clearing, gently, the alimentary canal, so as to 
 remove the offending matter, and then e3?hibit- 
 ing chalk mixture and laudanum. With counter- 
 irritants, as sinapisms to the abdomen, is the 
 most satisfactory plan of treatment. 
 
 Cholera Malignant, see Cholera-^c. Mor- 
 bus, Cholera — c. Morbus Sporadique, see Cho- 
 lera — c. Nervous, conv-ulsive, see Cholera — c. 
 Nostras, Cholera morbus — c. Oriental, see Cho- 
 lera — c. Pestilential, see Cholera — c. Spasmo- 
 dic, see Cholera — c. Sporadic, Cholera — c. Sec, 
 Cholera sicca — c. Vulgaris, Cholera morbus. 
 
 Chol'era Sicca, (E.) Cholera sec. Pneu- 
 matosis of the digestive passages in which there 
 is a copious discharge of gas upwards and down- 
 wards. 
 
 CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
 
 CHOL'ERIC, Choler'ieus. Belonging to 
 cholera morbus or to the bile. The French use 
 the term Fievre cholerique for the fever accom- 
 panying cholera. 
 
 CnoLERfc Fever of Infants, Cholera in- 
 fantum. 
 
 Choleric Temperament is the same as Bi- 
 lious Temperament. 
 
 CHOL'ERINE. A diminutive of Cholera. 
 The first stage of epidemic cholera; also, the 
 precursory symptoms of cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROMATVIA, Cholempho'Ha , Chole- 
 ropho'biii', from cholera and mnnin. A dread of 
 cholera to such an extent that the individual 
 fancies himself affected or threatened by it. 
 
 CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania. ,k 
 
 CHOLEROPHONE, from CAo/m/,and 4on„, 
 'voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROPROSO'PON, Cholerop'sis, from 
 Cholera, and Trootrtnor, 'countenance.' The 
 facial expression of cholera. 
 
 CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopon. 
 
 CHOLERO-TyPHUS,Cholera,(Bpasmodic.) 
 
 CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera. 
 
 CHOLERRHCEA LTMPHATICA.ChoIera. 
 
 CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma. 
 
 CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLESTEATO'MA, from ^ol.,, 'bile,' 
 and steatoma, (q. v.) An encysted tujnour, 
 which presents upon the interior of the cyst se- 
 Teral superimposed layers of cholesterin, which 
 glisten like pearl . Hence it was named by Cru- 
 veilheir the laminated nacreous fatty tumour. 
 
 CHOL'ESTERIN, Chol'esterine, Choleste- 
 ri'mi, Cholos'terina, Cholesteurine, Cholestea- 
 
 ti'ne, from 5^0^11, ' bile, and Trigw, 'solid,' or 
 rTinQ, ' suet.' An inodorous, insipid substance 
 in white, shining scales; fusible and crystal- 
 lizing, on cooling, in radiated fibres. SoluMe 
 in'alcohol. It forms the crystalline part of 
 certain biliary calculi. See Adipocire. 
 
 CHOLEUMA, Cholosi^. 
 
 CHOLIA, Cholosis., 
 
 CHOLICE'LE) from 5^0*11, ' bile,' and xriXti. 
 'tumour.' A swelling, formed by the tile mor- 
 bidly accumulated iiLthe gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLICUS, Bilious, 
 
 CHOLIUS, Bilious. 
 
 CHOLICYS riBCr^SZB,TurgescentiaT«. 
 sicae felled. 
 
 CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis. 
 
 CHOLOCATAR'RHOPHB; CholocatwtU- 
 phe'sis,Choloeatarrhoph'id'; from ;^o^ii, ' bile,' 
 and xaxa^qo^tiv, ' to sup up.' The, absorption 
 of bile. 
 
 CHOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
 
 CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary. 
 
 CHOLO'MAj from o^oixoc, 'lame, maimed,' 
 Distortion of a limb : incapacity of moving it. 
 Also, the act of limping, claudication, (q. v.) 
 
 CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus. 
 
 CHOLORRHCE'A, from' ;ro;ii,, 'bile,' and 
 fiu, ' I flow.' An abnormous discharg^ofbile. 
 
 CHOLOS, Bile, Chole. 
 
 CHOLO'SES, from ^oJi;,' bile.' M.Alibert 
 includes, under this head, every morbid affec- 
 tion of the liver, and spleen. 
 
 CHOLO'SIS, from ^.uxos, ' lame.' Cko'lotis, 
 Chola-s'tna, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Ckol'iiij 
 Cliiudica'tion, (q. v.) Hippocrates employs 
 this word particularly foj a lameness of the 
 hand, which renders a person one-banded, tnnn- 
 cfiot, (F.) Also, Icterus. 
 ' Cholosis AmerScana, Fever, yellow. 
 
 CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin. 
 
 CHOLOTES, Cholosis. 
 
 CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious, 
 
 CHOISDRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Cartilag"ims; 
 from ^ovifoe, ' cartilage,' and itis, a termination 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammatidn of car- 
 tilage. 
 
 CHONDROCLA'SIS, from xatfiH, 'carti- 
 lage,' and xJaoit, 'fracture.' Fracture of a 
 cartilage. 
 
 CHONDRODES, .Cartilaginous, Chondroid. 
 
 CHONDROGENESTA, Chendrogeiilem: 
 from ^^'.rdfcf. ' a cartilage,' and yivto/;, 'forma- 
 tion.' Formation of cartilage. A morbid 
 conversion of parts into cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROGLOS'SUS.from jtovJsoc, 'acai- 
 tilage,' and vWBTo-a, 'the tongue.' Afasciculffl 
 of fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornn 
 of the OS hyoides to the tongue. It forms part 
 of the hyoglossus. 
 
 CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'plUa, 
 from ;^oiiJ{cic, 'cartilage,' and yfofn, 'descrip- 
 tion.' ^A description ^f cartilages. 
 
 CHONDROID, Chondroi'des, Chondro'du, 
 from ;roi(5«'.f, 'cartilage,' and tiluf, 'resem- 
 blance.' Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage. 
 
 CHONDROLOGY, Chondrolog"ia, from 
 ijfivSgoc, ' a cartilage,'' and' Aoyssj ' a discourse. 
 A. treatise on cartilages^ 
 
 CHONDRO'MA, ' Enchondro^ma, from x"- 
 *foc, ' cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth pro- 
 ceeding from bones, including spina ventosa, 
 osteo-sarcoma, &c., of many. 
 
 CH0NDR0-PHARYN6EUS, from /o»^5«, 
 
CHONDROSES 
 
 181 
 
 CHOROID 
 
 ' a cartilage,' and ifiuyi, 'the pharynx.' Fi- 
 bres of the muscular coat of the pharynx, -which 
 ilrise from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, 
 and form part of the Constrictor medius. See 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 CHONDRO'SES, from vov4e«t, 'cartilage.' 
 A morbid formation or condition of a cartilage. 
 CHONDROSTERNAL, Chondrosteraa'Hs, 
 from orSe,i>i, 'a cartilage,' and sternum^ 'ihs 
 breast bone.' Having relation to the cartilages 
 of the ribs and -breast bone, — as the chondro- 
 itwniil ligaments, articulations, &c. , 
 
 CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from /ov^joc, ' a 
 cartilage,' and (TuvSirum, 'a ligament.' Union 
 of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon- 
 drosis. 
 
 CHONDROT'OMy, Chqndrotpm'ia, from 
 /oiJgo?, ' a cartilage,' and t«/uhiv, ' to cut. Dis- 
 section of cartilages. I 
 
 CHOmRO-XlPHOlD, Ckondro-Xiphci'des^, 
 froiri ^ortQde, 'a cartilage,' and iciphoid, the 
 cartilage so called. Having relation to' the 
 xiphoid cartilage, as ' Chondro-xiphoid liga- 
 ment.' 
 
 CHONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid car- 
 tilage, in particular. 
 
 Chondeus, Alica, !Fucus crispus — c. Cris- 
 pus, Fucus crispus— c. Polymorphus, Fucus 
 crispus. 
 
 CHONOS, Infundibulnm. 
 CHOPINE,, Chopi'no, Cheopi'na. A mea- 
 sure, which contains 1 6 ounces. A pint measure. 
 CHORA, %o%a, 'region.' Any void space. 
 Also, the orbit of the eye. 
 
 CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spjermatic chord. 
 CHORDA, Corda. A string of an instru^ 
 meni'. It has several ineahings : — as a tendon, — 
 the intestines ( Chorda,') Paracelsus calls the 
 genital organs chorda. Chorda seu Funic'ulus 
 Tym'pani; a branch of the 7th pair of nerves, 
 according to some, but rather of the 5th pair, 
 which passes through the tympanum, — Nerf 
 Tympanique — (Ch.y Corde du Tamboiir ou du 
 Tampan. Chordse Willis'ii, Trabec'ulee Wil- 
 lis'ii, the small fibres which cross the sinuses 
 of the dura mater : so called from their first 
 describer, Willis. Chorda Tendin'ea; the 
 tendinous and cord-like substances which con- 
 nect the columna carnea of the ventricles of 
 the heart-to the valves, &c. 
 
 Chorda, Intestine^o. Hippocratis, Achillis 
 Tendo. 
 
 CHORDS, Chordee— c. Ferrenii, Chords, 
 vocal. 
 
 CnORDiE'LoNGITUDINA'LES LaNOIs'II. TwO 
 
 or three longitudinal elevations and lines on 
 the upper surface of the corpus callosum. 
 
 Choeu* Penis, Chordee — c. Tendinese, 
 see Chorda— c. Veneris, Chordee — c. Voc'ales, 
 Chords, vocal — c. Willi&ii, see Chorda. 
 
 CHORD AP'SUS, from jfoj^B, 'intestinie,' 
 and onTfi/v, 'to tie.' Intussuscej/tio, Constric- 
 tion or, twistipg of the intestines.— Celsus. 
 The Colica Ileus. ' See Enteritis and Ileus. 
 
 CHORDEE', Cordee!, Chorda VeH'eris seu 
 Penis, Phallancylo'sis, Phallocamip' sis, Chor- 
 dm, Chorda'ta Gonor.rhm'a. A painful affection 
 of th^ penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happen- 
 ing chiefly at night. It occurs when the vio- 
 lence of the inflammation is such, that the ure- 
 thra cannot expand as much as the corpora 
 cavernosa during erection, and consequently 
 the glans seems painfully drawn downwards. 
 
 The application of cold water topically and 
 the administration of opium internally, pal- 
 liate it. , 
 
 CHORE'A, Chorea Sancti Viti, Ch. Saneti 
 Modes'ti, Ck. gesticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, 
 Syn'tlomis saltans, Tripudia'tio spas'tiea,fxoxa 
 ;fu5iei3, 'a dance;' sometimes called Scelotyr'- 
 bi, Viti Saltus, Salta'tio Sancti ViTi, Ballis'- 
 musj ConvnVsid habitua'lis, Siph'ita prava, 
 Syn'clonus Chorea, Myotyr'bl, Choreo'md'nia, 
 Orchestroma'nia, Epilepsia Saltato'Ha, Mor- 
 bus saltato'rins, Hieran'osus, M. gesticulate'- ■ 
 rius,Scelotyr'be tarxmtism'us, St. Vitus' s Dance, 
 because the movements resemble dancing, (F.) 
 Choree, Danse de Saint-Witt, Danse de St. 
 Guy. The characteristics are : — irregular and 
 involuntary motions of one or more limbs, and 
 of the face and trunk. It is a disease which 
 usually occurs before puberty; and is generally 
 connected with torpor of the system, and of 
 the digestive system in particular. Its dura- 
 tion is long, but it is usually devoid of danger ; 
 although frequently but little under the control 
 of medicine. The spasms do not continue 
 during sleep. The indications of treatment 
 are : to strengthen the general system, and sti- 
 mulate the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once 
 or twice a week, and chalybeates, with appro- 
 priate regimen, will fulfil these. 
 
 Chorea, Chronic, see Tic — c. Faciei, Tic 
 — c. Gesticulatori'a, Chorea^— c. Partial, see 
 Tie — c. Sancti Modesti, Chorea — c. Sancti Va- 
 lentini, Tarantismus — c. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
 
 GHORE'GIA,from;f05ot, ' a troop of dancers 
 and singers,' and aya, ' I lead.' Hippocrates 
 uses this term _for the whole of the apparatus 
 necessary for a physician or surgeon. 
 CHOREOMANIA, Chorea. 
 CHORIODElfTIS", Chorioidei'tis, ChorioX- 
 di'tis, Choro'idi'tis, iroOi xo^oiidvt, 'the cho- 
 roid,' and itis. Inflammation of the choroid 
 coat of the eye. 
 
 CHORIODES, Choroid. 
 CHORIOIDEA, Choroid. > 
 
 CHORIOIDES, Choroid. 
 CHO'RION, x'V'^'i ' skin,' from xaien, 'to 
 contain, include.' Camis'ia Fmtus, the che- 
 mise or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, 
 transparent membrane, which surrounds the 
 foetus in utero on every side. It is exterior to 
 the amnion. 
 
 Chorion also means the true skin. See 
 Cutis. 
 
 Chorion Fungosum, Decidua — c. Reticula- 
 tum, Decidua — c. Shaggy, Decidua — c. Spon- 
 giosum, Decidua^c. Spongy, Decidua — c. To- 
 mentosum, Decidua. 
 
 CHORIONITIS. Indiration of the Cellular 
 tissue. ( 
 
 CHOROID, Choroi'deus, Choroi'des, Cho- 
 ridides, Chorio'des^ frova ^cginv,' the chorion,' 
 and eiio!, 'shape,' ' resemblknce.' , Several 
 parts are so called, which resemble the chorion, 
 in the multitude of their vessels. 
 
 Choroidea seu Choeioidea Tu'nica, Ch. 
 Membra'na, or simply the Choroid, Tttfnica 
 vaseulo'sa Oc'uli, T. aciniform'is seu rhago'- 
 des, (F.) J\/[e7nbrane choroide, Choroide. A 
 thin membrane, of a very dark colour, which 
 lines the sclerotica, internally. The part be- 
 hind the iris is called Uvea. It is situate be- 
 tween the sclerotica and retina, has an opening, 
 posteriorly, for the passage of the optic nerve ; 
 
CHOROIDE 
 
 182 
 
 CHRYSOMELIA 
 
 and terminates, anteriorly, at the great circum- 
 ference of the iris, where it is continuous with 
 the ciliary processes. According to Ruysch, 
 the choroid consists of two layers, to the inner- 
 most of Tyhich his son gave the' name Tu'nica 
 Ruyschia'na, Membra'na Ruyschfa'na, (F.) 
 Membrane Ruyschienne. The internal surface 
 of the membrane is covered with a dark -pig- 
 inent, consisting of several layers of pigment 
 cells, called Pigmen'tum nigrum; Ophthcdmo- 
 ckroVtes,.:Mthiops animal, (F.) Enduit chorol- 
 dien. Its use seems to be, to absorb the rays 
 of light after they have traversed the retina,. 
 
 Chokoi'deq 'Pij^xjjSy Pleajus choroVdeus seu, 
 reticula'iisy Vermes cer'ebri, Choroid Plexus, 
 Two membranous and vascular duplicatures of 
 the pia mater, situate in the. lateral Ventricles. 
 They are iixed to the Tela choroidea by one 
 edge, and are loose and floating at the other. 
 
 Choroisea Tela, (F.) Toile choroidienne. 
 A kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of 
 the pia mater, which lines the lower surface of 
 the fornix united with the corpus caUosum. It 
 is stretched aboVe the third ventricle,, and 
 covers the posterior commissure and corpora 
 quadrigemina. Anteriorly, the tela choroidea 
 is continuous with the plexus chojoides. ^ 
 
 Choroideje VENiE, Venic Gal^'ni, (F.) Veines 
 choroidiennes. Two veins, which creep along 
 the tela choroidea; and into which almost all 
 those of the lateral ventricles, of the upper part 
 of the cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the 
 corpora quadrigemina open. The Venas Gale- 
 ni open into the sinus quartus at foilrth sinus. 
 
 CHOROiDE, CEINTURE BL.1NCHE 
 DE LA, Ciliary ligament — c. Commissure de 
 la. Ciliary ligament. " 
 
 CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis. 
 
 CHOROMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res con,- 
 tra naturam — c. Naturelles, Res naturales — e. 
 non Naturelles, Res non naturales. 
 
 CHOSIS, Arenatio. 
 
 CHOU CASUS, Brassica capitata— c. 
 CrotUe, Sauer Kraut — c. Fleur, Brassica Flori- 
 da, Cauliflower excrescence— e. Mariiy^, Con- 
 volvulus soldanella — e.Navet, Brassica japa — 
 c. Pomme, Brassica capitata — c. Potager, Bras- 
 sica — c, Roquette, Brassica eruca. 
 
 CHREMMA, Sputum. 
 
 CHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
 
 CHRISIS, from ot9'». ' I anoint.' The ac- 
 tion of anointing. Inunction (q. v.) 
 
 CHRISMA, same etymon. The act of anoint- 
 ing.' Thesalve or liniment used. Prurigo, (q. v.) 
 
 CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from 
 refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or 
 without prepared pearls. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER HERB, Actaea splcata. 
 
 CHRISTOS, xv^^'s, from xS'", ' I anoint.' 
 Any medicine applied under the form of lini- 
 ment or ointment. 
 
 CHROA, Chrcea, Chroma, Colour in gene- 
 ral. The surface of the body. The skin. 
 
 CHRCEAS, Scrofula. 
 
 CHROMA, Chroa. 
 
 CHROMATOG"ENOUS, from /jufio, ' co- 
 lour,',an(i ytmta, ' I make.' 
 
 Chiiomatos"enous Appara'tus. a parti- 
 cular apparatus for producing the colouring 
 matter of the skin, composed of a glandular or 
 secreting parenchyma, situate a littfe below the 
 papillae, and presenting special excretory ducts, 
 
 which pour out the colouring matter on the ror- 
 face of the true skin. — Breschet. 
 , CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achroma- 
 topsia. 
 
 ■CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, A'chromatopsla 
 
 CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHROMIC ACW,Ae"idum Ckro'mieum, 
 (F.) Acide chromique. Obtained by cryitalli- 
 zatidn from an admixture of bi'chro.mate of po- 
 tassay and oil of vitriol. , It has been used as 
 an escharotic in external hemorrhoids. 
 
 CHROMIDRO'SiS, from xfionx, 'colour,' 
 and 'iigiuf, 'swieat.' Abnormous coloration of 
 the perspiratory secretion. , 
 
 CHROMOP'SIA, Chromof'ia, Chfomata^. 
 sia, Chrotop' sia', Chrup' sia, Crop'sia, Vitus 
 cqlora'tu?, Suffu'sio colo'rans, from yeaao, 
 ' colour,' and oi^it, « vision.' A statd of vision 
 in which a coloured impression iS made on the 
 retina.- Said to be occasionally observed ia 
 jaundice. 
 
 CHRONAGUNEA, Menstruation. 
 
 CHRONIC, Ckrbn'icus, Chrn'mius, Petj- 
 chro'nius,^ Invetera'tus, .Anti'quus, DensB'ue, 
 from 5^5 ovoc, 'time.' Of long duration; 
 
 Chronic , Diseases, Morbi cliron'i&i, ■i(F,) 
 Maladies Chroniques, Macronos'ise^, Macro'sist, 
 are those whose duration is long, or whose 
 symptoms proceed slowly. The antithesis to 
 chronic is acute, (q. v,) ' 
 
 CHRONO, from xe'^'f' ' time.' A prefii to 
 terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show 
 that such inflammation is chronic. — Piorry. 
 
 CIIRONO-HA.PA TITE, Hepatitis, chronie. 
 ; CHRONO-NJiPHRITE, Nephritis (chro- 
 nic.) ' , ' • 
 
 CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia. . 
 
 CHRUPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 
 CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula ofBcinalis. 
 
 Chrysah'themum Leucan'themitm, from 
 Xivtric, ' gold,' and av^ot, ' a flower.' The Ox- 
 eye daisy, Daisy, Whiteweed, Goldens, Maud- 
 linwort, Rellis major, Buphthal'mum majui, 
 Leucan'themmm vulgdfrS, Bellidio^'des, Consol'- 
 ida media, Oc'ulus Bovis, (F.) Chrysmithhat, 
 Chr^yshne, Grand Marguerite des pris.* The 
 flowers and herb are slightly acrid ; and were 
 once used in pulmonary diseases. 
 
 Chrysanthemum P^rthenium, Matricaria 
 parthenium. 
 
 CHRYSE, from xS"'"'' 'gold.' The name 
 of a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of 
 .iEgina, and composed of thus, alum, lead, cok)- 
 phany, resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vine- 
 gar. 
 
 CHRYSkNE, Chrysanthemum leucanthe- 
 mum. 
 
 CHRYSITIS, see Plmrfbi oxidum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 CHRYSOBAL'ANUSGALENI, see Myria- 
 tica moschata. 
 
 CHRYSOCALIS, Matricaria. 
 
 CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. 
 
 CHRYSOCOLLA, Borax. 
 
 CHRYSOCOMA, Millefolium. 
 
 CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenoppdinm to- 
 nus Henricus. 
 
 CHRYSOLaTHUS, Chrys'olite, from x»- 
 »■««, 'gold,' and li9a(, 'stone.' A precicM 
 stone, of a golden colour, regarded by the an- 
 cients as cardiac, cephalic, &c. 
 
 CHRYSOMELIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO 183 
 
 CHYMIC0-HIST0L06Y 
 
 CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINl'TO, from 
 5[f i/a-ot, ' gold,' and cfuiifv, 'a leaf.' Cainito, 
 Hiderocc'ylon, Brodd-leaved Star-apple. A tree 
 of the Antilles, which produces one of the best 
 fruits of the country. There are several varie- 
 ties of it. 
 
 CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia. ^ 
 
 . CHRYSOS, Gold. 
 
 CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tecto- 
 rura. 
 
 CHRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis. 
 
 CHTHONOPHA'GIA, Cuehex'ia Africa'na, 
 Mata'eia Afnoano'rwm, Pica Africano'mm, 
 Leitcopktegma'tia ^tkio'ptim,, Ckloro'sis JEthi- 
 »pum. Dirt-eating, (F.) Mul d'Estomac, from 
 x6a», ' earth,*" and (fayiu, "I eat.' A disorder of 
 the nutritive functions observed amongst the 
 negroes of the West Indies, in which there is 
 an irresistible desire to eat earth. It is accom- 
 panied by most of the signs of chlorosis. ' - 
 
 CHU, Choa or Chus, /a;, Chocus. A liquid 
 measure amongst the Greeks, answering to the 
 Congius of the Romans, emd containing six 
 sextarii, or twelve Attic cotylae, or nine pints. 
 — Galen. . ,' 
 
 GHURRUS. The resinous juice of Can'mi- 
 iis In'dica, which, in certain seasons, and in 
 warm countries, exudes and concretes on the 
 1 saves, slender stems and flowers. In it reside 
 the narcotic powers of Indian Hemp. See 
 Gunjah. 
 
 CHUTE, Prolapsus — c. du Fondement, Proc- 
 tocele — c. de la Matrioe, Procidentia uteri — c. 
 du Rectum, Proctocele. 
 
 CHYLAIRE, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLAR, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLARION, Chyle. 
 
 CHYLE, Chylns, Succus nutrif"iws, from 
 /■Bcu, , ' I flow.' The word, in Hippocrates, 
 means Tisarie or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'^ 
 rion, jfuiotgKv. Galen first used it in its present 
 Sense ; — i. e. for a nutritive fluid, extracted from 
 the food by intestinal absorption ; after the food 
 has been subjected to the action of the digestive 
 organs. It is of a whitish appearance ; is se- 
 parated from the chyme in the duodenum, and 
 the rest of the small intestines : and is absorbed 
 by the chyliferous vessels, which arise at the 
 mucous surface of the intestine. Along these 
 it passes through the mesenteric glands to the 
 thoracic duct, and is finally poured into the 
 left,>subclavian. It is composed, like the blood, 
 of a coagulable part and of serum. See Chyme. 
 
 CHYLEUX, Chylous. 
 
 OHYl.lY''E.R0VS,Chy;lifer,ChyKferas,Chy 
 loph'orus; from chylus, 'chyle,' and ferre, 'to 
 carry.' Chyle-bearing. 
 
 Cbylip'erous Vessels, Vasa CJiylifera seu 
 Cltylof er,a. Vise ckylif'era. Vena laeteee, Vasa 
 lactea. The Lacteals, (F.) Vaisseaua: chy- 
 lifires, V. Lactea. Vessels which convey the 
 chyle from the intestines to the thoracic duct. 
 
 CHYLIFICA'TION, Chylifica'tio, ChyU'sis, 
 Chylopoie'sis, Prcepara'tio chyli, from chl/lus, 
 ' chyle,' and /acere, 'to make.' Formation of 
 «hyle by the digestive processes. 
 
 OHYLINE, Cyclamen. 
 
 CHYLISMA, Succus expressus. i 
 
 CHYLIS'MUSjfrom /uios, 'juice.'. The act 
 •f expressing the jiiice of vegetables, &c. 
 
 CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptacukm chyli. 
 
 CHYLODES, Chylous. 
 
 CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux. 
 
 CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CHYLOG'RAPHY, from /vX'f, 'chyle,' and 
 yqn-ifij, 'a description.' A description of the 
 anatomy,' &c., of the chyliferous vessels. 
 ■CHYLOPOIKSIS, Chylification. 
 ^ CHYLOPOIET'IC, Vhylopoiit'icus, Cliylor 
 poieus, from x"^'!} 'chyle,' and mieu, 'I m^ke.' 
 Any thing connected with the formation of chyle. 
 Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con- 
 cerned in it ! as the stomach, intestines, omenta, 
 andmesentery. Assistant Chylopoietic: — thosfl 
 viscera which aid in the formation of chyle, as 
 the liver and pancreas. 
 
 CHYLORRHCEA, Cceliac flux— c. Pectoris, 
 Chylothorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urina- 
 lis, Chyluria. 
 
 CHYLOSIS, Chylifldation. 
 
 CHYLOSTAGMA DIAPHORET'ICUM 
 MINDERE'RI. A compound prepared by dis- 
 tilling the theriac of Aridromachus, the mithH- 
 date of Damocrates, and other alexipharmics, 
 &c". Jtis nearly the same preparation as tlie 
 Aqna Theriaca'lis Bezoar'dica. . ' 
 
 CHYLOTHO'RAX, Pleurorrhm'a chylo'sn, 
 Chylorrha' a Pec'teris, Hydrotho'rnx chylo'sus"; 
 from xy*-°', 'chyle,' and ^o^fiue, ' the chest.' — 
 Effusion of chyle into the chestj owing to the, 
 rupture of a chyliferous vessel. 
 
 CHYLOUS, Chylur, Gkplo'susvel Chyla'ns, 
 CJtylo'des, (¥7) Chyleux, Chyhtire. Relating to 
 the chyle ; or having some analogy toHhat fluid. 
 
 CHYLURIA, Diube'tes lac'tea, D, Chylo'sus, 
 ChylodiQhe'tes, Galactu'ria, Fluxus cseliacus per 
 Renes,Pyu'rialac'ted, P. Chylo'sa, Cseliaca wri- 
 na'lis, C. rena'lis,i Chylorrha' a wina'Us, Ch. 
 rena'lis, from ;fuilo{, ' chyle,' and iugo*, 'urine.' 
 (F.) Diabete. Chyle2tx. A discharge of milky 
 urine, without any apparent lesion of the kid- 
 neys or bladder. 
 
 CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Suctus. 
 
 CHYME, Chymus, ;fujtof, 'juice,' from ;fuo, 
 'I flow.' A kind of grayish or homogeneous 
 pulp, formed by the foodj after it has been for 
 some time in the stomach. It continues in the 
 state of chyme as far as the biliary and pan- 
 creatic ducts, which open into the duodenum ; 
 where the conversion into chyle occurs, which 
 is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, — the ex- 
 crementitious portion of the food traversing the 
 large intestine tb be evacuated per anum. Cas- 
 telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used 
 in an inverse sense by the ancientSj from that 
 accepted at present. • 
 
 CHYMI, Huniours. 
 
 CHYMIA, Chymistry— c. Organica, Chy- 
 mistry, organic — c. Pharmaceutica, see Chy- 
 mistry. 
 
 CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'ttr, 
 from ij(yijuia or ^(^rii^tta., ' chyinistry,' and^axgoc, 
 'aphysiciailj' lutro-chym'icus^ A chemical phy- 
 sician. , 
 
 CHYMIATRI'A, C^ywwain'a, Chemiatri'a, 
 latro-ehemi' a, '^Medici'na spagir'tca^ Ars Chy- 
 miat'rica, from jfu^ista or j/rj^ttac, 'chymistry,* 
 and laxQeta, 'cure.' The art of curing by che- 
 mical means. 
 
 CHYMICALjCAsro'ira/, Chem'icus, Chemo'- 
 .ticus. A medicine formed by the aid of chy- 
 mistry, in contradistinction'to Galenical. 
 . CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY, C:%m'»co-Ajjto- 
 log'ia , Chem'ico-histol'ogy. The doctjine of the 
 organic chemistry and morphology dftissues. 
 
CHYMICOPHANTA 
 
 184 
 
 CICHORIUM ENDIVIA 
 
 CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist. 
 CHYMICTJS, Chymical, Chymi&t. 
 CHTMIE, Chymistry. 
 
 CHYJVIIFIC A'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'- 
 nis, from ;^U|Koc, 'juice/ and/acere, 'to make.' 
 Formation of chyme. 
 
 CHYM'IST, Chem'ist, Chem'icus, Chymico- 
 jphiin'tti^ Ohym'icus^ (F.) Chimiste ou Chyndste. 
 One acquainted with chymistry. In ; Great 
 Britain it has, alsoj the signification of '^ one 
 who sells chertiicals." ■ 
 
 CHYMISTE, Chymist. 
 CHYM'ISTRY, them'istit, Chemi'a, Chy- 
 mi'a, Chimi'a, Chemeu'tifB, Chemot'icB, Philo- 
 soph^iii per ignsm^ Spa^yr'ia, Pyratechhiid, Py- 
 rospph'ia, Ars hermet'ica, Al-chimd'gia, Ars mii- 
 go'rumi'Ars separiito' ria^^rs sp'igir'ica; from 
 ./i>/iae, 'juice,' or from Arab, chema, ' a secret.' 
 (F.) Chimie ou Chymie, A branch of the na- 
 tural sciences, whose object is to investigate 
 the principles of bodies ; — to examine the pro- 
 perties enjoyed by the different compounds, 
 produced by the union of those principles ; and 
 to study the force' or power, by virtue of Which 
 every combination is effected. It investigates 
 the action between the integrant molecules or 
 atoms of bodies. 
 
 Organic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'ica, -Or- 
 ganochemi'a, is the chyrpistry of organized sub- 
 stances, — animal and vegetable. 
 
 j/Lnimal'Chym/istj'y 3 Zooch! em/y or Zooch'ymy^y 
 Zoochemi'ai is the chymistry of substances af- 
 forded by the dead or living animal body. This 
 branch of chymistry his been farther subdivided 
 into physiological, when it considers the changes 
 produced in animal substances by the action of 
 life^ piithological, yfiien it regards those pro- 
 duced by, organic or other diseases. Anthropo- 
 chymy, Anthropochemi'a, is the chymistry of 
 the human body. Chymistry is called Thera- 
 peu'tica,laiJPha,rmaceu'tical,Pharmaco-chymi'a, 
 Chymi'a ■pharmacewtica, when it is engaged in 
 the analysis of simple medicines ; in improving 
 the prescribing and; preparing of chernical and 
 Galenical medicines ; in the means of preparing 
 them, and detecting adulterations, &c. Hygien'- 
 ic Chym'istry is that which is applied to the 
 means of rendering habitations healthy, of ana- 
 lyzing the air we breathe, preventing the oc- 
 currence of disease, pointing out healthy ali- 
 ments, and appreciating the influence of pro- 
 fessions, &c. on the health of man. All these 
 different subdivisions, with vegetable chymis- 
 try, are, at times, included under the head of 
 Medical Chym'istry : at others, the term com- 
 prehends only the Animal, Vegetable and Phar- 
 maceutical subdivisions. 
 
 Vital Chemistry, Biochymi'a, is that which is 
 executed under the influence of vitality. 
 
 A knowledge of chymistry is of gr^at impor- 
 tance to the physician. Many of the functions 
 are of a chemical nature ; many diseases re- 
 quire a chemical mode of treatment ; and, with- 
 out an acquaintance with it, two or more sub- 
 stances might be given in combination, which, 
 by forming a chemical union, might give rise 
 to other compounds, possessing very different 
 virtues from the components taken singly, and 
 thus the prescriber be disappointed in the re- 
 sults. 
 
 Chttmistet, Animal, see Chymistry-^c. Hy- 
 gienic, see Chymistry — c. Medical, see Chy- 
 mistiry— *. Organic, see Chymistry — c. Phar- 
 
 maceutic, see Chymistry — c. Therapeutical 
 see Chymistry— c. Vegetable, see Chymistryj-' 
 c. Vital, see Chymistry. 
 
 CHYMOCHEZIA, Coeliac flux. 
 CHYMOPliANIA, (G.) Ckymoplanien,{iom 
 XPi^'f, 'juice,' and nXatij, ^wandering.' A. 
 transposition of secretion^: — a family of dis- 
 eases in the clsissification of Fuchs, which in- 
 cludes icterus, uroplania, meiioplania and gar 
 lactoplania. 
 
 CHYMORRHCEA, CoBliac'fiux, Lienterv. 
 ■" CHYMOSIN, Pepsin. 
 
 CHYMOSIS, Chymification. 
 CHYMOZEMIA, Hypercrinia. 
 CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, 
 bitter and inodorous, brought from China. It is 
 held by the Chinese to be stomachics-Murray. 
 , CHYT'LON, ;ti/Tiov, from /»», ' I pour out.' 
 A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body 
 after bathing. , 
 .CIBARIUM, Aliment. 
 
 CIB A'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.' Bread 
 made of second flour. — Celsus. . 
 
 CIBA'Tlb. Trophe, rg'tpv.. The taking of 
 food. In Pharmacy, it is the same as Incoipo- 
 ration. ./ , ' , 
 
 CIBUS," Aliment — c. Albus, Blancmanger— 
 c. Deorum, Asaifetida. 
 CICATRICE, Cicatrix. 
 CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata 
 ovariorum. 
 
 CICATRIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cicatrix. 
 A small cicatrix,. Stigma. The term is, alsoj 
 I applied to a small white spot, called the tread, 
 chal'aza, chala'zium, observable at the surface 
 of a fecundated egg. See Molecule. 
 
 CIC Arms AN'TI A, Epj4ot'ica,Synriilot'im, 
 Aptdat'ica, Cntulot'ica, TJlotHca. Remedies 
 formerly considered to be capable of producing 
 cicatrization. 
 
 CICA'TRIX, Cxccltrix,Vll, OuU, iximta- 
 care, 'to conceal,' because it conceals the 
 wound. (F.) Cicatrice. The union of parts, 
 which have been divided. A scar or formation, 
 of. a reddish colour, afterwards whitish, and 
 more or less thick, which takes place at the 
 surface of. wounds or ulcers after their cure. 
 A cicatrix may Vary much in shape, consis- 
 tence, and thickness. The cicatrix of a bone 
 is called Callus. A vic"ious cica'trix;{f.) Ci- 
 catrice vicieuse, is one which interferes with 
 the action of the parts on which it occurs. 
 The scars, after small-pox, are called Pits or 
 Pocimaris, (F.) Coutures par la petite verole. 
 Cicatrix Vaeiolj^, Pockmark. 
 CICATRIZA'TION, Cicatrira'ito, EpuW- 
 sis, Synulo'sis. The process by which a cica- 
 trix is formed. , Every tissue, except the nails, 
 epidermis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capa- 
 ble of cicatrization. 
 
 CICELY, SWEET, ChaErophyllumodoratum, 
 Scandix odorata. 
 
 CICER ARIETI'NUM. The C-icer plant. 
 Erebin'thws, (F.) Cicerole, Pais Chicke. The 
 seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread 
 in some countries. 
 
 CI'CERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of tur- 
 pentine and cream of tartar— of the size of a 
 vetch or cicer. 
 
 CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 Cl'^£ROLE, Cicer arietinum. 
 CICHO'RIUM ENDIVIA. The systema- 
 tic name of the Endive, Endiv'ia, Endi've, 
 
CICHORY, WILD 
 
 185 
 
 CILIARY 
 
 In'tnfmm, In'tybum {Antiq.), Scariola, tn'tylus 
 horten'sis, (F.) Chioofie des Jatdins, Sairio'k. 
 Family, Cichoraceae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polygamia asqualis. It is a common pot herb, 
 and is eaten as salad. 
 
 CicHc'RiuM In'ttbus, Seris, Seriola, In'tu- 
 humertat'icum. The systematic name of the 
 Wild Suc'cory, Wild Cich%ry, Cich'ory, Wild 
 Endive, Ambulei'd, Heliotro'pion, Qatatian'ci, 
 Cir.fbo'rewm, (F.) Chicoree smivage. It is bit- 
 ter, and was once used as a tonic. The root, 
 roasted and ground, is ofteti used instead of, or 
 mixed "with, coffee. 
 
 ClCHORYj WILD,-Cichorinm intybus. 
 
 CICI, Ricinis communis. 
 
 CICINDE.'LA, Lain'pyrii, Noctil'um, Nii- 
 ted'ula. The Olow-worm. (F.) Ver luisant. 
 This insect was once thought to he anodyne and', 
 lithontriptic. 
 
 CICIS, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 CICON'GIUS; an ancient measure, contaih- 
 ing 12 pints. 
 
 CICUTA, Gonium maculatum. 
 
 Cicu'ta Aquat'ica, CicuHa viro^a, Cieuta'- 
 fia aguat'ica. Water Hemlock, Cowiime, (F.) 
 Cig^e aqucdiqiie o\^ vireuse. Family, Umbelli- 
 ferae. Six. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. , A vio- 
 lent poison, often eaten by mistake for Wild 
 Smallage, Apium Graveolens. It produces tre- 
 mors, vertigo, burning at the stomach, and all 
 the symptoms occasioned by the Ndrcotico- 
 Aerid class of poisons. 
 
 Ciotr'TA Maoula'ta, (F.) Civile d'AmeHque, 
 American water hemlock, American Hemlock, 
 Snakeweed, ^IHatk of man. Water parsley. Poi- 
 son root, Wild hemlock, Childreti's bane, is 
 analogous in botanical character," and medical 
 properties to the European species. 
 
 CioTJTA Majoe, Conium maculatum — c. Ma- 
 jor foetida, Conium maculatum^c. Terrestris, 
 Conium maculatum — c. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica 
 — c. Vulgaris, Conium maculatum. 
 
 CICIJTARIA, Ch^rophyllujB sylvestre— c. 
 Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellaiidrium aqua- 
 ticum. * , 
 
 CiDER, Pqmk'ceum, (F.) Cidre. This word 
 is said to have been formerly written sidre, 
 and to have come from Sic'era, otKsgu, which 
 signifies any kind of fernjented liquor other 
 than wine. It is made from the juice of apples, 
 and, when good, is a wholesome drink. 
 
 CIDRE, Cider. 
 
 CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which con- 
 tained about two drachms. 
 
 CIGTTE AQUATIQXXE, Cicuta aquatica— c. 
 d'Ameriqwe, Cicuta macujata — c. d'Eaw, Phel- 
 landrium aquaticurn — ifi. Grande, Conium ma- 
 culatum — e. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum — c. 
 Petite, .^thusa cynapium — c. Virev,se, Cicuta 
 aquatica. 
 
 ClL'lA,Slephar'ides,Pilipalpe'bra'rtim. The 
 eyelashes. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Oils. 
 Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance 
 into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmos- 
 phere ; and to diminish, in oe;rtain cases, the in- 
 tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a peculiar 
 sort of moving organs, resembling small hairs, 
 Cil'id vibrato'ria, (F.) Cils vibratils, which are 
 visible with the iriicroscope in many animals. 
 These organs are found on parts of the body,' 
 which are habitually in contact with' watgr, or 
 other more or less fluid matters, and produce 
 motion in these fluids, impelling them along 
 13 
 
 the surface of the parts. Cilia have been found 
 to exist in all vertebrated animals except fishes, 
 having been discovered op the respiratory and 
 uterine mucous membranes of mammalia, birds, 
 and reptiles. 
 
 The terms " vibratory Motion" and " ciliary 
 motion" have been used to express thfi appeeir- 
 ance produced by the moving cilia ; and it is 
 probable, that this motion is concerned in the 
 progression of fluids along the membranes. As 
 yet, the motion has been observed only in the 
 direction of the outlets of canals. , 
 
 CILJAIRE, Ciliary. 
 
 CIL'IARY, Cilia'ria, (f.) Ciliaire. Relating 
 to the eyelashes, or to tllia.' This epithet 
 has, also, been applied to different parts, which 
 enter into. the structure of the eye; from the 
 resemblance between some of theni {the ciliary 
 processes) and the eyelaslleR. 
 
 OiLlAJiY A.'s.'t:-e.'&i^s,' Arte'rix, cilia'res,^ (F.) 
 Artires ciliair^s. These are furnished by the 
 ophthalmic artery. Thiey are distinguished 
 into 1. Short or posterior I^Art. iiveales, — 
 Chauss.) 30 or 40 in nUJijber, Which are distri- 
 buted to the ciliary processes.. 2. Long, (Art. 
 Iriennes of Chauss.,) two in number, which, 
 by the anastombses of their branches, form two 
 arterial circles at the antetior surifece of the 
 iris: and, 3. 'Die anterior, Arte'rise dlia'res'an- 
 terio'rei of Haller, the nuihber c|f which is va- 
 riable. These pierce the sclerotic a few lines 
 from its union with the Cornea ; and are jSrinci- 
 pally distributed to the iris. ' 
 
 CiLiAEY Body, Corpiti Cilia'rS, Nexus Sta- 
 m,in^eus Oc'uli, Coro'na Cilia^ris, Ciliary JDisc, 
 (F.) Corps ciliaire. A riilg of the chorbid sur- 
 rounding the crystalline ill the manner of a 
 crown; placed behind the iris and the ciliary 
 circle. It resembles the disk of a radiated 
 flower, and is formed by the union of the ciliary 
 ,processes. 
 
 Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na. A small, 
 extremely iiarrow circular space, iormed be- 
 tween the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the 
 sclerotica. It can be filled with injection, and 
 it is not certain that it is not the cavity of a 
 blood vessel. , , - 
 
 Ciliary Circle, Ciliary ligament — c. Disc, 
 Ciliary 'body — c. Ganglion, Ophthalmic gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Ciliary Ligament, C. Circle or Ring, 
 LigaTnen'tum sen Inter stit*' item cilid'rB, L. 
 I'Hdis, Plexus cilia'ris, Ai^nulus- seU Cir'cu- 
 lus sen Orbicfulus cilia'ris, A. cellulo'sus, 
 Com'missure of the Uvea, Convmissure de la 
 ]Chorf>ide, — (Gh.,) (F.) Ligament ou Cercle 
 ciliaire, Cercle de la Choro'ide, Ceinture blanche 
 de la Choro'ide. A species of grayish ring, of 
 a pulpy. consistence, situate between the cho- 
 roid, iris, and sclerotica. It seems to be no- 
 thing more than cellular tissue. The internal 
 surface of the choroid is uniform, until, it ap- 
 proaches within ten lines and a-half of the edge 
 of the cornea ; here a dentated line is observed, 
 termed ora serrata. The outer surface pre- 
 sents the an'nulus aPbidua seu gangliform'is, 
 the anterior edge of which unites to the inner 
 surface of the sclerptica and constitutes the 
 ciliary ligament. 
 
 Cil'iaRy Margin or Tarsal Margin of the 
 eyelids; (F .} Bord ciliaire^ The edge in which 
 the cilia or eyelashes are situate. 
 
 Ciliary Motion, see Cilia. 
 
CILLEMENT 
 
 186 
 
 CINCHONA 
 
 CiLiAKY Muscle, Mus' cuius dlia'ris. The 
 part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vi- 
 cinity of the ciliary margin. 
 
 Ciliary Nerves {Nerfs iWesB*,— Chauas.) 
 (F.) Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12 to 16 in 
 number. They arise from the nasal nei've, 
 and particularly from the anterior part of the' 
 ophthalmic ganglion. They unite in two fas- 
 ciculi, which pass around the optic nervCj and 
 pierce the Sclerotica near the entrance of that 
 nerve into the eye. They are lost in the ciliary 
 ligament. ' . ^ , 
 
 , Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament. 
 
 Ciliary Proc"esses, Proces'sus cilia'res, 
 IRad'ii sen Strise cilia'res, Rayons sous-iriens 
 -^Ch.,)- (F.) Froeh dliaires. Triangular 
 folds,>-sixtJ^ or eighty in number, placed at the 
 side of eacA other, and radiating, so as to re- 
 semble the disk of a radiated flower. They 
 are lodged in depressions at the anterior part 
 of the vitreous humour. The uses of these pro- 
 cesses are not known. 
 
 Ciliary Risg, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 CiLiA-RY Stri;e are numerous, pale, radiated 
 striae in the posterior portion of the Corpus 
 eiliare, but so . covered by the Pigrnejitum ni^ 
 griim as not to-be distinctly seen till the paint 
 is removed. ' The ciliary processes are formed 
 by these striae. 
 
 Ciliary Veins, (F.) Vein.es ciliaires, follow 
 nearly the same course as the arteries. In the 
 choroid they are so tortuous, thaf they have 
 received the name Vasa vortico'sa. They open 
 into the ophthalmic vein. 
 
 Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Za'^ula Cilia'ris, 
 MeTfibran'ula Coro'nce Cilia'ris, Under the 
 corpus ciltarej the capsule of the vitreous hu- 
 mour sends off an external lamina, which ac- 
 companies the retina, and is inserted, with it, 
 into the forepart of the capsule of the lens, a 
 little before jts anterior edge. This is the Zo- 
 nula- ciliaris, 'Zonula Zin'nii, Coro'na Cilia'- 
 ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris. It is of a striated 
 appearance and circular form, and assists in 
 filing the lens to the vitreous humour. 
 
 CILLEMENT, Nictation. 
 
 CILLO. A name given by some authors to 
 those whose, upper eyelid is perpetually tremu- 
 lous; — a trembling, which in some Cases is 
 called Life's blood. " To have life's blood in 
 the eye," in other words, is to have this affec- 
 tion. , Vogel calls it Cillo'sis. 
 
 CILLOSIS, Cillo. 
 
 GILS, Cilia — c. Vibratils, see Cilia. 
 
 CIMEX, Koris, xoQig, Cimex leetula'rius. 
 The Wall or House or Bed Bug or Chinche. 
 (F.) Funaise, Six or seven of these, given 
 internally, are said to have prevented ague ! 
 There is scarcely apy thing which is sufficiently 
 disgusting, that has notbeen exhibited for this 
 purpose, and with more or less success. The 
 bug has also been esteemed emmenagogua. 
 
 CIMICIFUGA, Actaea racemosa. 
 
 CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sa- 
 jiona'ria. Terra Fullon'iea, Fuller's Earth. A 
 compact, bolar earth, employed in the arts. 
 Used at times as a cooling application to in- 
 flamed nipples, &c. 
 
 Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alia, Smectis, 
 Smectris, Cimo'lus; from ii.ift.mXoe, an island in 
 the Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was 
 formerly used' as an astringent, &c.— Scribo- 
 
 nius Largus, Pliny. Probably, the same as the 
 last. ' , , 
 
 CINA CINA, Cindhona — c. Levantica, Arte- 
 misia Santonica. 
 
 CINABARIS, Hyctrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
 brum. - ' . • ' . 
 
 CINABARIUM, H^drargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. _ ' 
 
 CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he- 
 goat. A rank smell, like that of the armpit, 
 Hircus dla'ruwiL 
 
 CINiEDI a; Masturbation. ' , r 
 
 CINARA HORTENSIS, Cyharascolymus- 
 c. Scolymus; Cynara scolymus. ' . 
 
 CINCHO'NA. ^0 called from the Spanish 
 Viceroy/s Lady, the Countess de Cinchoij, who 
 was cured of feVer by it at Lima, about 1638. 
 Called also Cortex seu Fulvis J'esu.it'icus, Je- 
 suit's Bark or Fowder, Cortex Fatrym, be- 
 cause it was introduced into;^urope by the Je- 
 suits; and a\s6 Fulvis Corrdtis'sce or the Coun- 
 tess's Fowder, and Cardinal del Lugo's Pow- 
 dery Cortex Cardina'lis de Lugo, because he 
 introduced it at Rome. It is the phaririaco- 
 poeial name of several kinds of barks from va- 
 rious species of the Cinchona, from the western 
 coast of South America. Nsit. Order, Clncho- 
 naCeae. Sex, Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 Called, also. Cortex, Bark, Feruviait. Bark, 
 English Remedy, Cortex Chinee, Goriex China: 
 . Regius, China, 'Chinchi'na,Falo^ de Calentm, 
 Kina Kina, {Baric of Barks,^ Kinhi'na, Ciha 
 Cina, Quina Quina, Quinqui'na, Magnum Dei 
 donurriy (F.) Q^dn quina. " - , 
 
 ClNCHo'NlE-CARlB^S'iE CoRTEX, fiom ExOStg'- 
 
 Carihce'um, Cariite'an Bark; the -Saint, 
 
 Lucia Bark, (F.) Scarce de Saint Liccie^ Qmn- 
 quina Fiton, from Exoste'm/i Jlorihmd'um, and 
 the Fitaya Bark, Quinquina bi'polor, from an 
 exostema (?) or fropi stfychnos pseudoquina 
 (?), are useful substitutes for the cinchona of 
 Peru. These are the most important spurious 
 barks. They contain neither quinia nor cin- 
 chonia. 
 
 CiNCHONffl Coedifo'liW Coetex, Cortex fla- 
 vus, CinchoniB ojficina'lis cortex Jl&vus, Yellow. 
 Bark, Calisay'a Bark, (F.) Quinquina jaime 
 ou jnune royal, Calasaya. Odour aromatic; 
 taste strong, bitter, astrin^nt. Not rolled; 
 often without the epidermis, which is very 
 thick and inert; light, friable; fracture fibrous. 
 Active principle Quinia. 
 
 CiNCHON.^ Lancifo'lis Cortex, Cortex 
 Feruvia'nus, Cortex pal'lidus, Cinchon.a.pffi- 
 cina'lis cortex commu'nis. Cinchona palUda — 
 Pale Bark, Loxd'SarJc, Crown .Beerk, (f .) 
 Quinquina, gfis de Loxa, Quinquina Orange, 
 Its odour is aromatic ;' taste pleasant, bitter, 
 and astringent. The pieces are rolled in double 
 or single quills. Epidermis brown, cracked; 
 fracture resinous. Internally of a cinnamon 
 colour. Its active principle is Cinchonia. 
 
 CiNQH0N« Oblongifo'lije Cortex, Corttx 
 ruber. Cinchona offidna'lis cortex ruber, Red 
 Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge., Odour, and 
 taste the same as the paile, but more , intense : 
 in large flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture 
 short and smooth;, of a deep brownish-red co- 
 lour . Although this variety of tark is assigned 
 to the Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would 
 seem, that nothing is certainly known as to its 
 source. Active principles, Cinchonia and 
 Quinia. 
 
CINCHONIA 
 
 187 
 
 CmCONFLEXE 
 
 The last three are the only officinal varieties 
 in the Pharmacopoeia of, the United States. — 
 There are many other varieties, however, which 
 are genuine cinchona Barks, and yet have not 
 been considered w6rthy of an officinal position. 
 The Edinburgh Pharmacopceia admits, indeed, 
 Cinckonfi cinerea. Gray hank. Silver bark or 
 Huanueo bark, vvhich is obtained aroiftid Hua- 
 nuco in Peru,, and belongs to the class of pale 
 barks. Amongst the genuine but inferior barks 
 are those brought .from the northern Atlantic 
 ports of South America, which, in commerce, 
 are variously called Carthagend,^ Maracaybo 
 and Santa Martha barks. 
 
 All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic, 
 and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark is 
 at least equal to any of the others, although the 
 red contains more active principle. The dis- 
 covery of their active principles is one of the 
 most important gifts of' modern chymistiry. 
 Still, in pernicious intermittents, the bark, in 
 substance, is often denaanded. It is employed 
 in every disease in which there is deficient tone 
 but in cases where the stomach is much debili- 
 tated, the powder had better be avoided in con- 
 sequence of the woody fibre, which might disa- 
 gree. Externally, it is used in enemata, gargles, 
 &c.i and in gangrenous ulcerations.' When it 
 excites nausea, an aromatic may be added to it ; 
 if purging, opium ; if costiveness, rhubarb, &c 
 Dose,'gss to gj or more. 
 
 Essential Salt oe Bark, as it is called, is 
 an extract prepared^'by macerating the bruised 
 substance of bark in cold water, and submitting 
 the infusion to a very slow evaporation. , 
 
 Cinchona OFEioiNA.Lis, (Cortex. Flavus,) 
 Cinchonas cordifolise cortex — c. Pallida, Cin- 
 chonjE lancifoliae cortex-^c. of Virginia, Mag- 
 nolia glauca. 
 
 CINCHONIA, Cinchonine. 
 
 CINCH'PNINE, Cinqhoni'na, Cinchonin, 
 Cincho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'- 
 na lancifo'lia. An organic, crystalline al- 
 kali ; of a white colour, and bitter, slightly as7 
 tringent taste ; very soluble in alcohol and ether, 
 but almost insoluble in water. 
 
 Sulphate of Cinehonia, which is formed di- 
 rectly from cinehonia, is soluble in water and 
 alcohol. The action ofthe sulphate of cineho- 
 nia is similar to that of the sulphate of quiiiia ; 
 but it' is less energetic, and consequently re- 
 quii'es to be given in a stropger dose. 
 
 Cinchonine, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar- 
 trate of. 
 
 CINCIN-NULUS. A little lock or curl of 
 hair. ' , 
 
 CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. 
 The hair on the temples. 
 
 CINC'LISIS, GiKcH^wzai, 'agitation; rapid 
 and frequent motion.' The movementof the 
 thorax- in dyspncea. — Hippocrates. It has been 
 used, also,. synonymously with nictation, (q. v.) 
 
 CINCLISMUS, Cinclisis. 
 
 CINE'MA, Cine'sis, from kivem, 'I move.' 
 Motion. 
 
 CINERARIA MARIT'IMA, Achaovan, 
 Abiat. 
 
 CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash— c. 
 Gravellati, see Potash — c. Rtissici, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 CINEREUS, Cineritious. 
 
 CINERIT"IOUS, Ciner'eus, from eineres, 
 ' ashes ;' (F.) Cendre, Of the colour of ashes, 
 
 The cortical substance ofthe brain has^ by some, 
 been so called. See Cortex Cerebri. 
 
 CINESIS, Cinema, Motion. 
 
 CINETH'MICS, from xmm, ' I move.' The 
 science of movements in general. / 
 
 CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases af' 
 fecting the muscles, and characterized by irre- 
 gular action of the muscles or muscular fibres, 
 commonly denominated Spasm. The 3d order 
 in the class Neurotica of Good. 
 
 CINETUSj Diaphragm. ■ 
 
 CINGULARIA, Lycopodium. 
 
 CIN'GULUM, Zone, froto cingo, ' I bind.' 
 (F.) Ceinture. A cincture. A girdle. The 
 part of the body, situate below the ribs, to 
 which, the girdle is applied. The waist. 
 
 Cin'gdlum Hilda'hi, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.) 
 Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle for- 
 merly used for the reduction of luxations and 
 fractures of the extremities. 
 
 Cin'gulum Merouria'le, C Sapien'tia, C. 
 Stuhif'ise. A woollen girdle, containing; mer- 
 curial ointment. It was used as an antisyphi- 
 litic,. and in diseases of the stin. {¥.} Cein- 
 ture de vif argent, 
 
 Cingulum Sanoti Joannis, Artemisia vul- 
 garis. , 
 
 CINIS FiECUM, see Potash— c. Infectoriufe, 
 see Potash. 
 
 CINNABAR! S, Hydrargyri snlphuretum ru- 
 brum — c. Grascorum, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamomnni— c. 
 Album, Canella alba — ;c. Aromaticum, see Lau- 
 rus cinnamomum — c. Culilawan, Laurus Culi- 
 lawan — c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — c. Malsj- 
 baricum, Laurus cassia — c. Zeylanicum, Laurus 
 cinnamomUm. 
 
 CINNAMON;' see Lauras cinnamomum — c. 
 Malabar, Laurus cassia — c. Wild, Laurus cassia. 
 
 CINDN'OSI, from xirta>,,'l move,' and vomq, 
 ' a disease.' Diseases of motion, 
 
 CINOPLANE'SIS, from wvsw, ' 1 move,' and 
 vXmrimf, ' a wandering about.' Irre^larity of 
 motion. 
 
 CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 CINZILLA, Herpes zoster. 
 
 CION, Uvula. , 
 _ CrONIS. The rfvula. Also, tumefac- 
 tion, or elongation ofthe uvula; Staphylodial'- 
 ysis. - 
 
 CIONI'TISjfrom xiori?,"' theuvcrla,' and itis, 
 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the uvula, 
 XJvuWtis: " • 
 
 CIONORRHAPHIA, StEephyloraphy. 
 
 CIOT'OMY, Ciotom'ia, Cionot'omy, Ciqno- 
 tom'ia, from x;ov, ' the uvula,' and toii?;, ' inci- 
 sion.' Section of the uvula when too long. . 
 
 CIPIPA, see Jati'opha manihot. 
 
 CIRCiEA, Atropa mandragora. 
 
 Cieg.ie'a' IiCte'tia'pa, ' Paris'ian Circcs'a,' 
 from Circe, the enchantress ; Entrant' era' 
 Night sfi,ade,^(¥.) Herhe de .Saint Mtienne, 
 Herbe aux Sorders. This plant, common in 
 the vicinity of Paris, was formerly considered 
 to be resolvent and vulner^y. It was also 
 supposed to possess wonderful magical and en- 
 chanting properties. 
 
 CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster. 
 
 CIRCLE, Circulus — c. Ciliary, Ciliary liga- 
 ment — c. of Willis,, see Circulus. 
 
 CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele. 
 
 CIRCONCISION, Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCONFLEXE, Circumflexus. 
 
CmCONSCRIT 
 
 188 
 
 CIRRHOSIS 
 
 CmCONSCBIT, Circumscribed. 
 
 CIRCONVOLXXTION, Convolution. 
 
 CIRCUIT, Circu'itus; in pathological lan- 
 guage, generally means ' period,' ' course.' 
 
 CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit. 
 
 CIR'CULAR, Cifculdris, from dreulus, ' a 
 circle.' (F.) Cinulaire, Having the form or 
 figure of a circle ; as Circular Amputation^ &c. 
 
 The French-use the expression " Une circu- 
 laire," for a titm of a bandagfe around any 
 part. 
 
 CiEouLAH. Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona- 
 rius. ^ 
 
 CIRCULATION, Circula'tio, Cyclophor'ia, 
 Periodus san'guinis, flora drcuhts , ' a circle :' 
 or rather, from cireum, ' around,'iand/e»-r8,'^a;- 
 tiim, ' to carry.' (F.) Circulation. Physio- 
 logists give this name to the motion' of the 
 blood through the different vessels of the body 
 — tanguimotion; — to that function, by which 
 the blood, setting, out from/ the left ventricle 
 of the heart, is distributed to every part of the 
 body by the arteries ; — proceeds intp the vtins, 
 returns to the heart, enters , the right auricle, 
 and passes into the corresponding ventricle, 
 which sends it into thp pulmonary artery to be 
 distributed to the lungs, whgnce it issues by 
 the pulmonary veins, and passes into the left 
 auricle. From this it is sent into the left ven- 
 tricle, and is again distributed by means of the 
 arteries. 
 
 Cikcula'tion, Cap'illary, C. des Paren- 
 chymes, is that which takes place in the capil- 
 lary vessels; aiid is, in some measure, inde^ 
 pendent of the action of the heart. It is in 
 this capillary circulation, that the various se- 
 cretions are effected ; and that animal heat is 
 evolved. It is the seat of nutrition. ^ 
 
 CiRcnLATioN, Pclmon'ic or LESSEE, is the 
 circle from the right to the left side of the 
 heart by the lungs. — The greater or syste- 
 xat'ic or system'io, is that through the r«st of 
 the system. 
 
 CIRCULATOR, Charlatan. 
 
 CIR'CULATORY, Circulato'nus ; same 
 etymon as circulation. Relating to the circu- 
 lation as of the blood; — ^angwimo'tory, 
 
 CIR'CULUS. A circle or ring ; Cyclus,Ci'- 
 r.ios, (F.) Cercle. Any part of the body which 
 is round or annular, as Cir'culus Oc'uli — the 
 globe, bulb, or orb of the eye. — Hippocr., Galen. 
 It is, also, applied to objects, which by ho 
 means form a circle, — as to the Circle of Wil- 
 lis, Cir'culus arterio'sus Wiilis'ii, which is an 
 anastomotic circle at the base of the brain, 
 formed by the anterior and the posterior cere- 
 bral arteries and the communicating arteries of 
 Willis. 
 
 CiROULUs Arterio'sus I'bidis. The artery 
 which runs round the iris, and forms a circle. 
 
 CiECULUs Arteriosus Wh.lisii, Circle of 
 Willis, see Circulus — c. Ciliaris, Ciliary liga- 
 ment— c. Membranosus, Hymen. 
 
 Circulus Quad'ruplexj a kind of bandage 
 used by the ancients. 
 
 CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the 
 eye. 
 
 CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con- 
 junctiva. 
 
 CIRCUMCIS'ION, Circumcis'io, Posthe^o- 
 my, Pracis'io sen Abscis'io Prapu'tii, Circnm- 
 eitu'ra, Cireiimsec'tio, Perit'ome, from cireum, 
 'around,' and cadere, ' to cut.' (F.) Cireonei- 
 
 aion. An ancient operation, performed by 
 some nations as a religious ceremony. It con- 
 sists jn removing circularly a portion- of the 
 prepuce of infants ; — a custom, which was pro- 
 bably suggested with a view to cleanliness. In 
 cases of extraordinary length of prepuce, or 
 when affected with disease, the operation is 
 sometimes undertaken by surgeons. A simi- 
 lar operation is performed, amongst the -Egyp- 
 tians, Arabians, and Persians, on the female 
 by removing a portion of the nymphaei , 
 
 CIRCUMUISURA, Circumcision, 
 
 CIRCUMDUCTIO, Peiisphalsis-. 
 
 CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX, Obliqum 
 superior oculi. 
 
 CIRCUMFLEX, Circumflex' us, from • «>. 
 cvm, ' around,' and fiescua, ' bent.' (F.) Cir- 
 conflexe. Curved circularly. A name givefl 
 to several organs. ) i , 
 
 Circumflex or Artic'ular, Ar'teries of 
 the arm are distinguished- vcAo;~ anterior and 
 posterior. They arise from the. axillary, and 
 are distributed around the shoulder., 
 
 Circumflex Arteries 9F the thigh are 
 distinguished into external and internal. (A. 
 Sou^Ttrf>chantiriennes-^Ch.) They ate given 
 off froih the Profunda, and surround the head 
 of the thigh bone. 
 
 Circumflex Muscle, Circumfkxus Mu^cu- 
 lus. Tensor Pala'ti, Peristaphyli'nu's exter'nua 
 vel inferior, Circumflex'us Pala'ti Mollis, 
 S^heno-salpin'go staphyli'nus seu Staphy'li'nua 
 exter'nus,, ^Mus'culua tubts nova:, Pala'to-rsal' 
 pingeus, Pter'ygo-staphyli^nus, Petro-s^lpn'- 
 go-staphyli'nus, Spkerio-pter'ygO'palati'kus, — 
 Salpin'go-staphyWnws, (F.) Palato-saipn- 
 gien. A muscle, which arises froni the spinous 
 process of the sphenoid' bone, and is inserted 
 into the velum pendulum palati. Its use is to 
 stretch the velum. ' < 
 
 Circumflex Veins follow the arteries. 
 
 CIRCUMFORANEUS, Charlatan. 
 
 CIRCUMFU'SA. Halle has thus designated 
 the first cljiss of subjects that belong to Hy 
 giene— as atmosphere, climate, residence, &c>; 
 in short, every thing which acts constantly on 
 man externally and generally. 
 
 CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo. 
 
 CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis. 
 
 CIRCUMLIT"IO, from <nrcumlino,'l anoint 
 all over.' ' Perich'risis, Perichris'ton. A term 
 formerly used for liniments, but especially for 
 those applied to the eyelids. 
 
 CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum. 
 
 CIR'CUMSCRIBED, Circumscrip'tus, (F.) 
 Circonscrit. A term applied, in pathology, to 
 tumours, which are distinct at their base fi:om 
 the surrounding parts. ' 
 
 CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision. 
 
 CIRCUMVALLAT^ PAPILL^,.see Pa- 
 pillse of the Tongue. 
 
 CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava 
 et alba — c. des Oreilles, Cerumen. 
 
 CIRIOS, Circulus. 
 
 CIRON, Acarus, Psora. 
 
 CIRRHAGRA, Plica— c. PoUonorum, Plica. 
 
 CIRRHON'OSUS; from xigjo^, 'yellow,' and 
 roo-of, 'disease.' A disease of the foetus, in 
 which there is a yellow coloration of the se- 
 rous membranes. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 CIRRHOSE DXJ FOIB, Cirrhosis. 
 
 CIRRHO'SIS, Cirrhono' sis, Kirrhom/ si», 
 from xif^oc, 'yellow.' A yellow colouring 
 
CmsiUM ARVENSE 
 
 189 
 
 CITRUS 
 
 imttter, sometimes secreted in the tissues, 
 owing to a morbid process. Also, called Cir- 
 rho'ais or Kirrho'sia. It is not uncommon in 
 the liver, Cirrko'sis h'ep'atis, when it is called, 
 also, gran'ulated, ^an'idaf, ma/m'millated, 
 tuber'culated, and hol-nailnd liver, (F.) Cir- 
 rhose du Foie. 
 
 CiEKHosis Hepatis, 566 Oirihosis; 
 - CiKRHOSis OF THE LuNG, Cirrho'sis pulmo'- 
 rmm. Dr. Corrigau has described a condition 
 of the lung under this name, the general cha- 
 racter of. which is a tendency to consolidation 
 or contraction of the pulmonary tissue, with 
 dilatation of the bronchial tubes. 
 
 CiEBHosis PuLMONUM, C. of the Lung. 
 
 CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Car'dims hemor- 
 rhoida'lia, Ceano'tkos, (F.) Chardon hemor- 
 rhoidal. A common plant used in France in 
 the form of cataplasm in hemorrhoids; and 
 worm as an amulet. 
 
 CIRSOCE'LE, Cir'cdce'le, Cirsos' cheum, 
 from jc/goot, ' KaWa,' and)tij;iii, 'hernia;' Var'- 
 ieote Her'nia. The greater part of authors 
 have employed the term synonymously jvith 
 Varieaeele. Pott gives it a different significa- 
 tion. Varicocele, he calls the tumour formed 
 by the veins o^ the scroturp; Circocele, Punic'- 
 ulus varico'sus, the varicose dilatation of the 
 spermatic veins. The scrotum feels as if it 
 contained earthworms. It is commonly an af- 
 fection of no consequence, demanding merely 
 the use of a suspensory bandage. 
 
 CXRSdi'DES, Cirso'des, from xigB-ot, 'varix,' 
 and tiSos, 'resemblance.' Varicose, or resem- 
 bling a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to 
 James, applies this term to the upper part of 
 the brain, as well as to the spermatic yessels.(?) 
 " CIRSOM'PHALUS,,from wpo-oc, 'varix,' and 
 cftqiaKo;, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the 
 Veins surrounding the navel. The term, has, 
 likewise, been applied to the aneurismal dilata- 
 tion of the arteries of that region ; called also, 
 Varicotnph'aliis, (F.) Rargiie anevrysmale, 
 Aneurismal Hernia. 
 
 CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA, from x/eo-o;, 'varix,' 
 ando(p*a>,^of,.'th6 eye;' Var'icose ophthal'mid, 
 Ophthalmia varico'sa, Varicos'iias conjuncti'.- 
 va. A high degree of ophthalmia, in which 
 the vessels of the conjiinctiva are considerably 
 injected. 
 
 CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsocele. 
 
 CIRSOT'OMY, Citsotom'ia, froni Mgaoi, 'a 
 varix,' and xo^iij, 'an incision.' Any operation 
 for the removal of varices by" incision. 
 
 CIRSUS, Varix. 
 
 CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from «<?»■<.;, 
 'varix,' 'uJioj', 'water,' to-^-sov, the 'scrotum.' 
 Varicocele with water in the scrotum. 
 
 CISEAUX, Scissors. 
 
 CISSA, Malacia. 
 
 CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava. 
 
 CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 CISSrJfUM, from xiame, ' ivy.' Name of a 
 plaster of ivy, used in wpunds of the nerves or 
 tendons. — Paulus of ^gina. 
 
 CISSOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 
 CISSOS, Hedera helix. 
 
 CISTERN, LUMBAJl, Receptaculura chyli. 
 
 CISTER'NA, from xiarr,, (L.) Cistd, 'a. 
 chest.' (F.) Citerne. This terin has been 
 applied to various parts of the body, which 
 serve as reservoirs for different fluids. The 
 
 fourth ventricle of the brain has been so called. 
 — Arantius. 
 
 CiSTERNA Chyli, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 GISTOCELE, Cystocele. 
 
 CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum 
 Canadensis. 
 
 Cistus Cre'tious, Cis'thorus, Cis'saru's, 
 Doryciii'ium, Gum Cistus. Sex. Syst. Poly- 
 andria Monogynia. The systematic namefOf 
 the plant whence the Lahdalnum, hahdalmcn or 
 Lada'num, Gum'mi Labda'num is obtained. 
 haddnmn is a gum-resinous substance, of a 
 very agreeable smell, found in the shops in great 
 masses. Its colour is blackish-green; taste, 
 warm and bitter. It is bit little used" now. 
 Formerly, it was a component of warm plas- 
 ters, and was prescribed internally as a sto- 
 machic. Ladanum is also obtained from Cis- 
 tus Iddanif'erus, and C lautifo'lius. 
 
 Cistus", Gum, Cistus Creticus. 
 
 CiTERNE LOMBAIRE, Receptaculum 
 chyli. ' , 
 
 ClTHARUS, Tliorax. 
 
 CITRAGO, Melissa. 
 
 CITRARIA, Melissa. 
 
 CITREA MALUS, see- Citrus medica. 
 
 CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. 
 
 CITRIC ACID, Aoidum. cit'ricum, Acid of 
 Lemons, Ac"id'mn Limo'nuTn, (F.) Acide cit- 
 rique. This acid is found in the lemon, orange, 
 &c. It is in rhomboidal prisms, which slightly 
 effloresce on exposure to the air. It dissolves 
 in a twelfth part of its weight in boiling water, 
 and has an extremely acid but agreeable taste. 
 It is employed in medicine as antiseptic, refri- 
 gerant and diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar 
 and with a little of the essence of lemon, it 
 forms the dry Lemonade, (F.) Jjtmonade seche. 
 
 CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hy- 
 drargyri nitratis. 
 
 CITRON, see Citrus medica— c. Tree, see 
 Citrus medica. 
 
 CITROJyELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me- 
 
 CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrnllus. 
 
 CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus. 
 
 CITRUS, see Citrus medica— c. Acida, se« 
 Lime. 
 
 Citrus Auean'Tium. The systematic name 
 of the Orange Tree, Auran'tium., A. Bispa- 
 len'sS, Mahis Auran'tia Major, Malus Auran'- 
 Ua, Auran'tiu/m vulgaln, Malus Auram'tiei 
 vulga'ris, Ci'trus vulga'ris. Nat. Ord. Au- 
 rantiaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyadelphia Icosan- 
 dria. The fruit are called Mala, Au'rea, Chry- 
 some'lia, Neran'tia, Martia'na Poma, Foma 
 Auran'tia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica, Foma Chi- 
 nen'sia, Oranges. The Flowers of the Orange, 
 Flores Naphce, are highly odoriferous, and used 
 as a: perfume.' On distillation^ they yield a 
 small quantity of essential oil — O'leum Auran'- 
 tii, Oleiim vel Essen'tia Nero'li,—r^ith. spirit 
 and WMer, the Aqua Florum Ailran'tii, Aqua 
 aurantii. Orange Flower water. They were 
 once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. 
 The leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish 
 taste, and fufnish an essential oil. They have 
 been used for the Same purposes as the flowers. 
 The yellow rind of the fruit. Cortex Auran'tii, 
 Oramge Feel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used 
 in dyspepsia, and where that class of remedies 
 is required. The Juice, Succus Auran'tii, 
 
CITTA 
 
 190 
 
 CLAVARIA CORALLOIDES 
 
 Orange juiee, is a grateful acid, and used as a 
 beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections. 
 
 CiTEWs Bekgamia, Citrus mella rosa— ,c. Li-, 
 ihetta, see Citrus mella rosa. 
 
 CiTRDS Med'ica, C. Idmo'titim. The pyste- 
 matic name of the Lenum T;ee. ThsLemon, 
 TAmo'n'wm malum) LiTfbo'nitm Bacca, 'M(;tlus 
 Med'ica, Malus lAm^'nia Ac^'idaj 'lAnnony Cit'- 
 rea Malus, Citrus ^ (F.) Citron,.Cedrat, has a 
 fragrant odour, depending upon the essential 
 oil, O'lewm Idmo'nisl of the rind. .The juice^ 
 Succns Limo'nis, is sharp, but gratpfully acid, 
 the acidity depending upon the citric acid it 
 contains. The outer rind, Coiiea; tdino'num, 
 Lemon Peel, Zest, Flavefdo Cor'ticwm Citri, is 
 used in the same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii. 
 
 The juice is given as a refrigerant, beverage 
 in febrile affections. Alone, or combined with 
 wine, it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore 
 throat, &ci Its gelieral propertiesare refrige- 
 rant and antiseptic. Sweetened and diluted, 
 it forms Lemonade, Artificial lemon-juice is 
 made by dissolving an ounce of citric acid in 
 fourteen fljiidounces of water 5 adding a few 
 drops of essence of lemon. 
 
 Cit'ron Tree is likewise considered to belong 
 to the same species — Citrus Med'ica. Its fruit 
 is called cedrom^'la. It is larger and less suc- 
 culent . than the , lemon. Citron juice, when 
 sweetened with sugar, is called by the Itd.lians 
 Agro di Cedro. 
 
 Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, an- 
 other variety of Citrus Medica, affords the Ber- 
 gamote, as also do Citrus Limet'ta and C. Ber- 
 ga'mia. 
 
 Citrus Vuloaeis', Citrus aurantium. 
 
 CITTA Malacia. 
 
 CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs are inth6 Isle of ISc'hia, near the 
 sea. They contain carbonate and sulphate of 
 lime, and chloride of sodium. Their tempera- 
 ture is 100° Fahrenheit. 
 
 CITfOS, Hedera helix. 
 
 CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia. 
 
 CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. 
 An. unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating 
 odour, obtained fronx different mammalia of the 
 Viver'ra kind, particularly from Viver'fa' ci- 
 vet'ta. It is contained in a fold of the skin, 
 situate between the anus and the organs of ge- 
 neration. 
 
 CLABBERGRASS, Galium yerum. 
 
 CLADES fiLANDULARIA, Plague. 
 
 CLADISCOS, Ramusculus. 
 
 CLADONIA ISL ANDICA, Lichen islandieus. 
 
 Clado'nia Rangifee'iiina. The ancients 
 regarded this European plant as pectoral and 
 stomachic. It enters into the composition of 
 the Potidre de Chypre, 
 
 CLADOS, Ramus. 
 
 CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, VirgiVia, 
 Yellow Ash, Fustic Tree, YeUow Locust. An 
 indigenous tree, which flourishes from Ken- 
 tucky to Alabama. The bark of the tree and 
 the roots are cathartic. 
 
 CLAIRET, Claret. 
 
 CLAIRVOYANCE, (P.) 'Clear-seeing.' A 
 clearness of sight, said to be communicated by 
 animal magnetism, which not only enables the 
 magnetized person to see in the dark, through 
 stone walls, &c., but even to observe prospects, 
 whilst he may fancy he is flying in the air, which 
 he has never seen previously." It need hardly 
 
 be said, that the possession of such, powers ii 
 fabulous; 
 
 CLAMMY WEED, Polanisea graveolens. 
 
 CLAMOR, Cry. 
 
 CLANGOR, Oxyphonia.' • 
 
 CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura., , 
 
 CLAFIER,XF.) A clapper, Latib'ulum, from 
 ii%t7tTiiv,''to conceal.' A puruleiit foyer of 
 disease; concealed in the flesh or under the 
 skin. See Sinus. . , 
 
 CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana. 
 
 CLAQUEMENT, Odontosynerismus. 
 ■ CL-AR'ET, iVin clair [?]), Clare'tum, 7in it 
 Bordep,ux, (F.) Glairet. A pleasant French 
 wine, which may be used whenever wtrxe is 
 required. Also, a wine iinpregnated with spice 
 and sugar, called likewise Vintim Hippa^raif- 
 icum^ seu Medica'tum, Fotus Hippo&rdt'icus, 
 Hip'pocras, Hyp'pqcrasi Schroder speaks of a 
 Clare'tum^ al'terans, and'a C. purgans. 
 
 CLARETA, Albumen ovi. 
 
 CLARETUST, Claret. ■> 
 
 CLARIFICA'TION, Clarifica!tio, Bipwra'- 
 tion, from elarus, ' clear,' and /acsp, 'I make.' 
 A pharmaceutical operation, which consists in 
 separating from a liquid every insoluble sub- 
 stance held in suspension by it, that affects its 
 traiHspa,rency . Decanting and filtering are the 
 operations necessary for this purpose. 
 
 CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 CLASIS, Fracture. 
 
 CLASMA, Fracture. 
 
 CLASS, Clas'sis, .(F.) Classe. An assem- 
 blage of a certain number of objecls. In JVls- 
 tural History and in Medicine, a group of ob- 
 jects or individuals having one or more com- 
 mon characters. The classes are divided ipto 
 .orders, the orders into genera, the genera into 
 species, and these last into varieties. •, 
 
 CLASSIFICA'TION, Classifica'tio,. from 
 classis, 'a class,' and/act'o, 'Imake.'The for- 
 mation of classes. A methodical distribution 
 of any objects whatever into classes, orders, 
 genera, species, and varieties. See Nosogra- 
 phy, and Nosology. ' 
 
 CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Classy is near Laon in Picardy, France. The 
 waters are chalybeate. 
 ■ CLAUDICATIO, Claudicafion— c. Ana- 
 tica, Vacillatio. 
 
 CLAUDICATION, Claudica'tio^ from elaii- 
 dicare, 'to be lame.' The act of halting or 
 limping. Lameness, Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis, 
 Cholei'a, Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication, BoU»- 
 "ment. This condition -does not constitute any 
 special disease, but is produced by different 
 causes or affections. It may be the result of 
 the shortening or elongation'^of one of the lower 
 limbs, of anchylosis of the joints, palsy of the 
 muscles, pain, &c. 
 
 CLAUDITAS, Claudication. 
 
 CLAUSTRUM.GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the 
 fauces — c. Palati, Veluiri pendulum palati— c. 
 Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 CLAUSU-'RA, from cte«<;e>-«, 'to shut.' An 
 imperforation of any.canal or cavity. 
 
 Clausu'ra TJteei. Preternatural imperfora- 
 tion of the uterus. 
 
 CLAVA MYOSA, Acofus calamus. . 
 
 CLAVALIER AFEUlLLESDEFREm, 
 Xanthoxylum clava HercUlis. 
 
 CLAVA'RIA CORALLOYDES, Corid- 
 hides Fungus, Coralwort. Said to be corrobo- 
 
CLAVATIO 
 
 191 
 
 CLIMACTERIC 
 
 rant and astringent. A kind of clavaria, called 
 Digital blane, Digital, hurtiain, Champignon 
 de fappareil- des fractures, formed of digita- 
 tions, grouped together, and two or three inches 
 in length, is said to have been often found, for- 
 merly at the H&tel Dieu of Paris, on the splints 
 of white wood used in the treatment of frac- 
 tures, in autumn. — H. Gloquet. 
 
 CLAVATIO, Gomphosis. 
 
 CLAVES CALVARI^, Wormiana ossa. 
 
 CLAVICLE, Clavic'uta^ Clavis, Clavic'- 
 ulus, JA^ula, Fur'cula^ O-s Jfug'uli, Jug'-iihi/m, 
 Cleis, Clei'dion, from clavia, 'a key,' (F.) Cla- 
 vicule. The collar-bone. The clavicle is 
 shaped like the letter -S, and is placed trans- 
 versely at the upper part of the thorax. It is 
 articulated, at one extremity, with the sternum ; 
 at the other with the acromion process of the 
 scapula. It gives, attachment, above, to the 
 Sterno-eleiio-mastoidezts; belowi to the Subcla- 
 vius; before^ to the Fectoralis major and Del- 
 toides; and behind, to the Trapezius. It serves 
 as a point of support for the muscles of the 
 armband protects the vessels andnerves passing 
 to that extremity. 
 
 The fibres, connecting the lamellae or plates 
 of bones, have also been called Ctavie'uli or 
 ■Nails. 
 
 CLAVIC'trXAR, Clifvie-ula'ris; same ety- 
 mon. Relating to the clavicle or collar-bone. 
 
 CXaVICULB, Clavicle. 
 
 CLAVICULI, see Clavicle. 
 
 CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key— c. Anglica, Key. 
 
 CLAVUS. A nail. Helos, Gomphos; (F.) 
 Clou. This word is employed inmediciii6 in 
 varioiis senses. It means, l.-A Com, (q. v.) 
 from its resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. 
 Certain condylornatous excrescences of the 
 uterus. 3. A callous tumour, which forms on 
 the white of the eye, and resembles a nail, the 
 Clavus Oc'uli, (F.) Clou de I'c^il. This last, 
 by some, is considered to be synonymous with 
 staphyloina j by others, with staphyloma of the 
 cornea. Also, the Penis. 
 
 Clavds Hystee'icus, Monopa'gia, Monope'- 
 gia.X^.) Clouhysterique. An acute pain, con- 
 fined to a small point of the head, described by 
 the sick as resembling that which- would be 
 produced by a nail driven into the head. It 
 has been particularly noticed in hysterical fe- 
 males; — whence its name. ltisea\\ei.Ovumhys- 
 ter'icum, when the pain occupies a greater ex- 
 tent. 
 
 Clavxts Secalinus, Ergot— c. Secalis, Ergot 
 — c. Siliginis, Ergot. 
 
 CLEANSINGS, Lochia. 
 
 CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance. 
 
 CLEAVAGE; from Anglo-Saxon cleoPan, 
 'to split.' The natural line of separation ex- 
 hibited by certain substances, as minerals, when 
 subjected to mechanical force. Recently, the 
 term has been applied 'to the separation of mus- 
 cles into longitudinal and circular striae, when 
 mechanical violence is used. — Bowman. 
 
 CLEAVERS, Galium aparine. 
 Cleavees' Bees, Gfalium aparine. 
 CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum. 
 CLEF DU CRAIJE, Wormianum os— c. de 
 Garengeot, Key — «. d Noix, see Key — c. a Pi- 
 vot, see Key — c d Pompe, see Kciy. 
 ~ CLEFT, Rima — c. Palate, see Harelipi 
 CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra. 
 CLEIDION, Clavicle. 
 
 CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular. 
 CLEI'DO-MASTOIDEUS. Albinus thus 
 designates the posterior portion of the sterno- 
 cleido-mastoideus, which he considers a sepa- 
 rate muscle. It has been corrupted into clifio- 
 mastoideus. 
 
 CLEIS, Clavicle, Key. 
 CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from x.Uit, 'the 
 clavicle,' and ayja, 'a seizure.' Gout in the 
 
 'clftviclfi A Pfl-r^ 
 
 CLEMATIS DAPHNOIDES MAJOR, Vin- 
 ca minor. 
 
 Clem'atis Ekeot'a, Flam'mula Jovis^ Up- 
 right Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite droite. 
 Family Rauuncnlacese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria 
 Polygynia. The leaves contain an acrid prin- 
 ciple. They have been esteemed anti-vene- 
 reat; and, in the form of' powder, have been 
 used as escharotic. 
 
 ClIematis Vital'ba, Vital'ba,Vior'na, Atra'- 
 genS, Trav'eller's Joy, Comtnon Virgin's 
 Bower, (F.) Clematite, Herbe auxgueux, Aube- 
 vigne. It has been used in the same cases 
 as the foriner. In infusion it hjs been applied 
 in cases of itch. - 
 
 The leaves of Clematis Ceispa — o. Flam- 
 mula, or sweet-scented Virgin's bower — c. ViR- 
 gin'ica, or cOrrvmon' Virgi?i's bower — and c. 
 Viorna^ leather-flower, have similar properties. 
 CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba—c. Droite, 
 Clematis recta. 
 
 CLECNIS _ COLLYR'IIJM. A coUyrium 
 described by Celsus, composed of equal parts 
 of Samian earth, myrrh, and thus, mixed' with 
 White of egg. 
 
 Ci,Ep'His GMTEk. An astringent formula 
 of myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg. • 
 CLEP'SYDRA, from xKefrTa, 'I conceal,' 
 And 'vSaif, 'water.' An instrument contrived 
 by Paracelsus to convey fumigations to the 
 .uterus. , 
 
 CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves in 
 Westphalia. It contains carbonate and sul- 
 phate of iron. 
 
 CLIFFWEED, Heuchera cbrtusa. 
 CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF. The vicinity 
 of Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to 
 be the mildest and driest climate in the west 
 of England; and, consequently, the best winter 
 resideilce, in that part of the country, for inva- 
 lids. It is, also, a favourable summer climate, 
 and is surrounded by numerous places of agree- 
 able resort, suited for those who may pass the 
 season there. 
 
 Ci7ffiV£JW£JVT,Nictation,Scardamygmus. 
 CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation. 
 CLIMA, Climate: , 
 
 CLIMACTERIC, Cli'macter'icus, CUmater'- 
 icus, from xX(/<axTi)S, 'a step.' (F.) Climae- 
 terique ou Climaterigue, A word, which pro- 
 perly signifies 'by degrees.' It has been ap- 
 plied to certain times of life, regarded to be 
 critical. . ^, 
 
 At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly 
 applied to certain periods ,pf life, at vphich great 
 changes occur, independently of any numerical 
 estimate of years. Such are the period of pu- 
 berty in both sexes : that of the cessation of 
 the menses in women,' &c. 
 
 CniMACTERic YsAns, Anni ClimacteT'ici,ave, 
 accordingto some, all those in the life of man, 
 which are multiples of the number 7, Septen'- 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 192 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 niads. Others have applied the term to years, 
 resulting fropi the multiplication of 7 by an odd 
 numher. Some have adnSitted only three cli- 
 macterics; others, agaihj have extended them 
 to multiples of .9. Most, however, hav.e ebn- 
 sidered the 63d year as the Grand Clim'aelerie; 
 — 63 being the product of the jnultiplicatiqn of 
 7 by 9, and all have thought that the period of 
 three, seven, or nine, which they respectively 
 adopted, was necessary to the entire renewal 
 of tie body; so that there wasi at these times, 
 in the economy, none of the parts of which it 
 had previously consisted. The climacteric 
 years have also been called, {Anni) hebdor^ta^'- 
 icij scald'res^ grada'rii, scan'siles, geiiethliaci, 
 natali'tiij fata'lfis^ crit'ici^ decreto'rii,' hero'ici) 
 (Vc. All the notions on the subject are essen- 
 tially allied to the doctrine of numbers of 
 Pythagoras. 
 
 CLIMATE, CHma,' Indina'tio eMi, (F.) 
 Climat, Gr. xM|Mo, ' a region.' In geographyj 
 the word climate is applied to a space on the 
 terrestrial globe, comprised between two cir- 
 cles , parallel to the equator,, and arbitrarily 
 measured according to the length ^f the days. 
 In a hygienic point of view, we understand by 
 climate, since Hippocrates, a country or region, 
 which may differ from another in respept to 
 season, qualities of the soil, heat of atmosphere, 
 &c. Climate, indeed, embraces, in a general 
 manner, all the physical circumstances belpng- 
 ing to each region,-^circumstances which ex- 
 ert considerable influence on living beings. 
 The dark complexion e. g., of the inhabitants of 
 the torrid zone is easily distinguishable from 
 the paleness of those of the frigid,— -so are the 
 diseases. They are all modified, more or less, 
 by climate or locality. Hot climates predis- 
 pose to abdominal complications in febrile af- 
 fections, cold climates to thoracic, &c. 
 
 One of the most important considerations 
 with regard to climates is their comparative 
 fitness for the residence of invalids, and espe- 
 cially of those who are liable to, or suffering 
 under catarrhal or consumptive affections. The 
 great object, in such casesf* is to select a cli- 
 mate which will admit of regular and daily ex- 
 ercise in the open air, so that the invalid may 
 derive every advantage which this form of re- 
 
 vulsion is capable of effecting. To an inhabi- 
 tant of the northern a,nd middle portions of the 
 United' States — and the same appliek to Great 
 Britain, France, and the northern parts of the 
 old world— ra more southern climate alone af- 
 fords these advantages in an eminent degree. 
 During the summer months, there are few, if 
 any, diseases, which require a milder climate 
 than that of the United States, or of the milder 
 districts of Europe. The temperature of the 
 winter months is, consequently, the most im- 
 portant object of attention. Equability of tem- 
 perature is essential, inasmuch ' as all sudden 
 changes interfere With the great desideratum- 
 exercise in the open air. In the whole conti- 
 nent of North America the changes are very 
 sudden-and extensive. It is not uncommon for 
 the range to be 40°, between two successive 
 days. So far, therefore, as this applies, the 
 American climate is not well adapted to the 
 invalid.. In the southern portioi^s, hovi^ever, of 
 the Union, this objectioii is counterbalanced by 
 many advantages. 
 
 The foUovving tables exhibit the mean tem- 
 perature of the year, and of the different sea- 
 sons — ^with the mean temperature of the warm- 
 est and coldest months at different places in 
 America, Europe, Africa, &c., as deduced from 
 the excellent paper of Von Humboldt on Iso- 
 thermal Lines, the Meteorological Registers 
 kept by the surgeons of the United States 
 arniy, the work of Sir James Clark' on Cli- 
 mate, &C.1 
 
 Certain of the tables show the mean month- 
 ly tfemperature, maximum, minimum, and range, 
 as well as the greatest daily, and mean daily 
 range during' the corresponding months — ^biit of 
 different years — at some of the pronjincnt re- 
 treats for the valetudinarian in Great Britain, 
 on the continent of Europe, and in the African 
 islands. It is proper, however, to remark, that 
 in no situations, except in those to whicK an 
 asterisji is affixed, was the register thermome- 
 ter used. In the others, the observations were 
 made during the day only, and consequently 
 the numbers given are far below the realjrange 
 throughout the twentytfour hours. The places 
 are ranged in the order of their mean tempera- 
 ture. , >■' ' 
 
 Table, of' Maximum, Minimum, and Range of Tempeeatuee. 
 
 Pl.ACb3. 
 
 Sidmouth" . 
 Penzance", 
 
 Pau 
 
 Montpellier 
 Nice...... 
 
 Rome 
 
 Naples 
 
 Madeira. . , 
 
 December. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 21 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 17 
 
 M^rch. 
 
 30 
 25 
 "30 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 31 
 18 
 
 April. 
 
 29 
 
CLIMATE 
 
 193 
 
 CLIMATE 
 
 Tabl'b of Mean Tempeeatuee. 
 
 Places. 
 
 Sidmouth . . 
 Penzance. .'. 
 
 Pau.. 
 
 ■ Montpellier. 
 
 Nice 
 
 Rome 
 
 Naples. .... 
 Madeira,... 
 
 December. 
 
 43 
 46 
 41 
 
 00 
 50 
 53 
 
 46 .00 
 48 .60 
 49". '62 
 50 .50 
 60 .50 
 
 January. 
 
 36 .30 
 43 .'00 
 38 .89 
 4a . 00 
 
 45 :85 
 47 .65 
 
 46 .50 
 59 . 50 
 
 February. 
 
 42, . 00 
 44 .50 
 
 44 .96 
 
 45 .00 
 49 .00 
 
 ' 49 . 45 
 48 .50 
 58 .50 
 
 Marcb. 
 
 45 .00 
 
 46 .50 
 
 46 .80 
 
 47 .00 
 
 51 .45 
 
 52 ;05' 
 52 . 00 
 61 .06 
 
 April. 
 
 51 .00 
 48 .50 
 65 .79 
 53 .00 
 ■"i? .00 
 
 56 . 40 
 
 57 .00 
 62 .50 
 
 TABtE OF 
 
 Dail^ 
 
 Ranse OF 
 
 Tempeeature. 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 Dbc'ember. 
 
 January. 
 
 February. 
 
 March. 
 
 April. 1 
 
 
 >. 
 
 b^ 
 
 
 >, 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 >. 
 
 
 P^ 
 
 .■3 
 
 cs 
 
 
 >, 
 
 
 ». 
 
 
 >. 
 
 
 Flacbb. 
 
 •1^„ 
 
 
 'ii 
 
 %^ 
 
 -5.- 
 
 ii 
 
 Is, 
 
 
 u 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 f^ 
 
 ii. 
 
 .n 
 
 rs 
 
 «s- 
 
 ir. 
 
 4i 
 
 
 Is 
 
 Is 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 P 
 
 ,S J 
 fill 
 
 s 
 
 'bO 
 
 ^ ■ 
 
 t 
 
 Sidmouth 
 
 3 
 
 ' 7 
 9 
 
 13 
 J3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 13 
 16 
 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 
 12 
 16 
 
 8 
 14 
 
 12 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 Penzance ...^ 
 
 Pan 
 
 MbhtpeUier 
 
 
 6 
 9 
 9 
 
 14 
 15 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 16 
 16 
 14 
 
 9 
 10 
 11 ■ 
 
 18 
 18 
 19 
 
 9 
 12 
 11 
 
 17 
 19 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 13 
 14 
 
 18 
 BO 
 20 
 
 
 Naples 
 
 Madeira* 
 
 U 
 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 1. AMERICA, &c. 
 
 Places, 
 
 Nain,l.abrador 
 
 Tort Brady, Mich 
 
 Quebec, L. C 
 
 Eastport,Me 
 
 Fort Howard, Mich. . . 
 Fort Crawford, Miss. . . 
 
 Cambridge, Mass 
 
 Council BI'uflFs, Miss. . 
 
 Newport, R.I 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Naur York. 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Monticello, Va 
 
 Washington, D. C . . . . 
 Smitliville, N.C... 
 
 Charleston, S, C 
 
 Natchez, Miss 
 
 Pen^cola, Flor. 
 
 St. Augustine, do 
 
 Tampa Bay, do. ....... 
 
 Vera Cru?. 
 Havaima, . . 
 
 Bahamas. , 
 
 Cumana . 
 
 Lati- 
 tude. 
 
 Mean 
 cempe- 
 ratureuf 
 8ev£ra) 
 years. 
 
 570.O8' 
 46 .39 
 46 .47 
 44 .54 
 44 .4Q 
 43 .03 
 42 .21 
 41 .25 
 41 .30 
 39 1.56 
 40 .40 
 39 .06 
 
 37 .58 
 
 38 .53 
 ^4. 00 
 32 147 
 31 .34 
 30 .28 
 29 .48 
 27 .57 
 
 19 .11 
 23 .10 
 
 26 .40 
 to 
 
 27 .5 
 13 .10 
 10 .27 
 
 260.42' 
 41 .37 
 
 41 .74- 
 
 42 .44 
 
 44 .50 
 
 45 .52 
 50 .36 
 
 50 .82 
 
 51 .02 
 53 -42 
 53 .78 
 53 .78 
 55 .40 
 55 .56" 
 53 .88 
 60 .18 
 64 .76 
 68 ;77t 
 79 .33 
 
 2 .37 
 
 77 .72 
 
 78 .08 
 
 78 .3' 
 
 Mean ^temperature of different 
 seasons. 
 
 WinUr. Spring. Summer. .Autumn 
 
 0°.60 
 14 .09 
 14 .18 
 23 .44 
 20' .82 
 23 .76 
 33 .98 
 27 .38 
 33 .82 
 32 .18 
 29 .84 
 32 .90 
 37 .67 
 36 .80 
 53 .44 
 51 .09 
 48 ;56 
 .55 .13 
 59 .29 
 61. 24 
 
 71 .96 
 71 .24 
 
 71. 
 
 230.6O 
 
 37 .89 
 
 38 .04 
 38 .58 
 41 .40 
 43 .09 
 47 .66 
 46 .38 
 46 .87 
 51 .44 
 51 .26 
 54 .14 
 54 .67 
 53 .83 
 
 64 .76 
 66 .73 
 
 65 .48 
 69 .67 
 
 71 .47 
 
 72 .93 
 
 77 .90 
 
 78 .98 
 
 77. 
 
 79 .3 76 .7 19. 81. 80. 
 81 .86 80 .24 83 .66 82 .04 80 .24 
 
 48°.38 
 61 .83 
 68 .00 
 60 .54 
 
 68 .70 
 
 69 .78 
 
 70 .70 
 
 72 -.84 
 68 .70 
 
 73 .94 
 
 79 .16 
 
 72 i86 
 
 73 .33 
 75 .90 
 
 80 .46 
 80 .89 
 
 79 .16 
 82 .57 
 
 82 .73 
 
 80 .14 
 
 81 .50 
 
 83 .30 
 
 83. 
 
 33°,44 
 43 .94 
 46 .04 
 
 45 .43 
 
 46 .18 
 46 .74 
 
 49 .82 
 48 .60 
 
 53 .83 
 
 50 .48 
 
 54 .50 
 .54 .86 
 56 .50 
 56 .59 
 
 68 .15 
 67 .55 
 66 .02 
 
 69 .05 
 75 .15 
 75 .28 
 
 78 .62 
 78 .98 
 
 80. 
 
 Mdan tem.pera- 
 ture of 
 
 warm'bt coldest 
 month, month 
 
 5I.O.80 
 
 62 .87 
 73 .40 
 
 63 .52 
 
 73 .67 
 71 .34 
 
 79 .86 
 75 .92 
 71 .46 
 77 .00 
 
 80 .78 
 
 74 .30 
 
 75 .00 
 79 .13 
 82 .93 
 
 82 .81 
 
 79 .70 
 
 83 .55 
 83 .94 
 
 80 .72 
 
 81 .86 
 83 .84 
 
 90. 
 
 84 .38 79 .16 
 
 ll°.20 
 
 19 .65 
 13 .81 
 90 .91 
 17 .95 
 
 20 .14 
 
 29 .84 
 27 .19 
 32 .14 
 32 .72 
 25 .34 
 
 30 .20 
 36 .00 
 34 .66 
 50 .69 
 49 .43 
 46 .94 
 53 .80 
 56 .60 
 58 .70 
 
 71 .06 
 69 .98 
 
 64. 
 
 Sr, Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38° 4(ii. Mean temperature, 55° .86. New Harmony, Lat. 38° 11', Mean 
 temperature, 5fi° .74. 
 
 New Orleans, Lat. 30°, Mean temperature, 69° .01. Baton Kouge, Lat. 30° .W Mean tem- 
 perature, 68° 07. - ■ ' 
 
 Jamaica, coast, Mean temperature, 80° .6, 
 
CLIMATERIC 
 
 194 
 
 CLINOID 
 
 2. EUROPE, AFRICA, &c. 
 
 FLi.C£S. 
 
 Geneva.... 
 
 Gosport ' 
 
 Newport, Isle. of Wight , 
 
 Sidmouth.-. 
 
 Fetizance 
 
 IJhdercliff. 
 
 48° 
 48', 
 50 
 
 Butje. 
 
 Cove of Cork 
 
 Jersey..... .4 
 
 Paris 
 
 Pau.. 
 
 Sienna - 
 
 Nantes 
 
 Bordeaux 
 
 Montpellier 
 
 Avignon 
 
 Florence 
 
 Nice...... 
 
 Marseilles 
 
 Toulon 
 
 Leghorn. ., 
 
 Genoa 
 
 Pisar '. 
 
 Rome 
 
 Naples 
 
 St Michael's, Azores. 
 Cadiz 
 
 Lati- 
 tude. 
 
 Mean 
 tempe. 
 ratureof 
 
 several 
 Jrears. 
 
 52 .11 
 
 Madeira, Funchal i32 .37 
 
 Algiers 136 .48 
 
 Canaries, Santa Cruz 28 .28 
 
 Cairo. . .1 |30 .02 
 
 490.28' 
 
 50 .24* 
 
 51 .00' 
 
 52 .10 
 51 .80 
 51 .11 
 57 .00 
 48 .25 
 51 .58 
 
 53 .06. 
 51 .08 
 
 54 .95 
 
 55 .60 
 
 55 .62t 
 
 56 .48 
 
 57 .60 
 
 58 .20 
 
 59 .00 
 59. .48 
 59 .50t 
 
 59 .90 
 
 60 .005 
 60 .37 
 60 .60 
 
 60 .40 
 
 61 .40 
 
 62 .40 
 62 .88 
 
 64 .56 
 
 69 .98 
 
 70 .94 
 '/2 .32 
 
 Mean temperature of different 
 seasons. 
 
 Winter- Sppng. Summtr, JlMuinn. 
 
 34''.70- 
 40 .44 
 40 .31 
 40 .43 
 44 ;03 
 48 .14 
 
 40 .11 
 
 39 .62 
 43 .90 
 
 43 .82 
 38 .66 
 
 41 .79 
 
 40 ..50 
 
 42 .23 
 42,08 
 
 44 .20 
 
 42 .60 
 
 44 .30 
 
 47 .82 
 
 45 ,50 
 
 43 .30 
 
 46 .30 
 
 44 .57 
 46 .03 
 
 45 .86 
 
 48 .50 
 
 57 .83 
 52 .90 
 
 59 .50 
 61 .52 
 64. 65 
 
 58 .46 
 
 47°.66 
 47 .63 
 
 49 .00 
 
 50 .66 
 49 .63" 
 29 .26 
 
 45 -.77 
 
 46 .66 
 
 49 .43 
 
 50 .97 
 49 .28 
 54 .96 
 54 .10, 
 53 .10 
 
 56 .46 
 53 .33 
 
 57 .13 
 56 .00 
 
 56 .23 
 
 57 .56 
 53 .70 
 
 57 .60 
 
 58 .60 
 57 .20 
 
 57 .74 
 
 58 .50 
 
 61 .17 
 59. .53 
 
 62 .20 
 65 .66 
 
 68 ,87 
 73 .58 
 
 640.94 
 
 62 .00 
 
 63 .09 1 
 
 63 .83 
 ^0 .7(J 
 60 .28 
 
 60 .45 
 58 .02 
 
 61 ,26 
 
 62 .84 
 
 64 .58 
 
 67 .41 
 70 .80 
 70 .73 
 
 70 .88 
 
 71 .30 
 74 .66 
 74 .00 
 
 72 .26 
 72. 50 
 74 .30 
 74 .10 
 
 74 .03 
 
 75 .15 
 75 .20 
 70 .83 
 
 68 .33 
 70 .43 
 
 69 .33 
 80 .24 
 J'e .68 
 85 .10 
 
 warm'sl coldest 
 montli, month. 
 
 500.00 
 
 50 .88 
 
 51 .63 
 53 .50 
 
 53 .36 
 
 52 .76 
 51 .00 
 48 .59 
 51 .73 
 
 54 .63 
 51 .44 
 
 55 .64 
 57 .10 
 ho .41 
 
 56 .30 
 61 i30 
 
 59 .00 
 
 60 .70 
 
 61 .63 
 60 .08 
 59 .00 
 
 62 .00 
 62 .94 
 62 .80 
 62 .78 
 
 64 .50 
 62 .33 
 
 65 .35 
 
 67 .23 
 2 .50 
 74 .17 
 71 .42 
 
 669.56 
 
 Mewn tempera- 
 ture of 
 
 65 .30 
 
 70 .52 
 73 .04' 
 
 36.14 
 
 39 .02 
 41 .00 
 
 77 .00 
 
 82 .76 
 
 85 .82 
 
 34°.16 
 
 42 .26 
 
 60 .08 
 56 .12 
 
 London, Lat. 51° .30'. Mean temperature, 50° ,36. Environs of London. Mean temperature, 
 :8° .8U . , - Lyons. Mean temperature, 55° .76 
 
 Per.pignan, Mean temperature, 59° .54. i\HD«...a M»..n to.r.n.ir!it..rD Rtv 
 
 Nismes, Mean temperature, 60° 
 
 In the United States,, the most favourahle re- 
 gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida, 
 — especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre- 
 quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east 
 storms, which interfere with the out-door move- 
 ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source 
 of much discomfort. Still, great benefithas often 
 been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of 
 the Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best 
 adapted for the consumptive, and those affected 
 with chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and 
 Pisa,^and in. England, Torquay and Undercliff, 
 are to be preferred. Chronic rheumatism and 
 gout are benefited by a warm climate7 which, 
 again, is unfavourable to those who are predis- 
 posed to cerebral diseases, especially to diseases 
 that are characterized by debility an^ mobility 
 of the nervous system — as paralysis, epilepsy, 
 mania, &c. Hypochondriasis and dyspepsia 
 require rather change of climate and travelling 
 exercise than a sojourn in any one. (See the 
 Author's Human Health, Philad. 1844.) 
 
 For the mortality 1 of different countries and 
 cities, see Mortality. 
 
 CLIMATERIC, Clirriacteric. 
 
 CLI'MATIC, CKmat'icus. Belonging to, or 
 dependent upon climate. 
 
 Climatic Diseases, Morbi elimat'ici, are 
 such as are caused by climate. 
 
 CLINE, xiivij, ' a bed.' Hence : 
 
 CLINIATER, Clinical physician. 
 
 CLINIATRIA, Clinical medicine, , 
 
 CLINIATRUS, Clinical ph-ysician. 
 
 CIjINIC A, Clinical medicine. 
 
 CLIN'ICAL, Clin'icus, (F.yCli7dque. Re- 
 lating to, a bed. 
 
 Clinical Lecture, (F.) Legon Climqiu, 
 One given at the bed-side, or on a particular 
 case or cases.. 
 
 Clinical Medicine, Cliniatri'a, Clin'ka, 
 Clin'iQi, (F.) Medeeine clinigue, , That whicii 
 is Occupied with the investigation of diseases 
 at the bed-side, or individually* . vji. 
 
 Clinical , Ph's'sician, > Clinia'ter, Clinid- 
 trus. One who teaches clinical medicine. , 
 
 CLINICE, Clinical medicine. ' 
 
 CLINICUM, Clinique. ' 
 
 CLINiqUE, Clinical. Cliniqne, CUn'i- 
 cum, is also occasioijaliy used substantitely, 
 for £cole Cliniqui or Clinical School: a 
 school in which medicine is taught by exa- 
 mining diseases on the patients themselves. 
 Thus, the French say, — La Clinique de la 
 Charity : "The. Clinical School of the Hos- 
 pital La Charite." Jhe term has been intro- 
 duted into this country,' and is occasionally 
 anglicized Clinic. 
 
 CLINODES, Clinoid. 
 I CLINOID, ClinoVdes, Clino'dfi, Clinoideui, 
 
CLINOIDEUS 
 
 195 
 
 CLYSTER 
 
 from xXtrii, 'a bed,' and ciloi, 'form.' Resem- 
 bling a bed. 
 
 CuNoiD ■ Piiqb"ESSES, (F.) Apophyses cH- 
 iicfides, are four processes at the upper surface 
 of the sphenoid bone, which have been com- 
 pared to the posts of a b^d. On thein the pi- 
 tuitary gland rests. They are dlyided into an- 
 terior and posterior. Each of the anterior ter- 
 minates in a point called Transverse Spinous 
 Process. 
 
 CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid. 
 
 CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastlchina. 
 ^ CLINOPO'DIUJVLVULGA'RR, from xJ.i-i;, 
 'a bed,' and jtousj^footj' so called from the 
 shape of its flowers. Wild Basil, (F.) Grand 
 Basilic sauvage. A European plant, which 
 was formerly considered to be an antidote to- 
 the bites of venomous animals, to facilitate la- 
 boar, relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 CLIQUETIS, Crepitation. 
 
 CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, from xJio-ic, 
 'inclination,' and ^utTjov, 'a measure.' An in- 
 strument, intended to measure the degi:ee of in- 
 clination of the pelvis and to determine the 
 relation between the axis of the pelvis and that 
 of the body. — Osiander, Stein. ^ 
 
 CLITBUR, Arctium lappa. » , ' • 
 
 CLITORICARCINO'MA, from, ^.x^n^n, 
 'clitoris,' and «a5WnU|ao, 'cancer,' Cancer of 
 the clitoris. 
 
 CLITORIDES INFERIORES LATI ET 
 PLANI MUSCULl, Constrictores cunni. 
 
 CLIT'ORIS, from xiytru^, 'a. servant who 
 invites guests.' (?) Dulce'do Anpor'is, Venus, 
 Myrton^ (Esirum,' Penis mulie'bris sen fa/mi*' 
 tceus,Men'tula mulie'bris, Memhrvm, irtulie'bre, 
 Superla'bia, Cerco'sis, Hypoder'mis, Xfympha, 
 NymphB, Epide-Zrhis, JAbi'dinis Sedes, Tuwic'r 
 ula, Crista. A small, round organ, situate at 
 the upper pjirt of the vulva, and separated by 
 a small space from the anterior commissure of 
 the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight 
 fold, similar to the prepuce ; and it is, inter- 
 nally, of the same structure as the corpora ea- 
 vemosapenis. The artery of the clitoris, (F.) 
 A. Clitorienne, is a branch of the internal pu- 
 dic. Tbe vein communicates with the internal 
 pudic, and the nerve with the pudic. 
 
 ClilT'ORISM, CUtoris'mus. A word, in- 
 vented to express the abuse made of the cli- 
 toris. Also, an unusually large clitoris, Cer- 
 eo'sis extern'a. , . 
 
 CLITORI'TIS, ClitoHti'tis, from xXs/roj/c, 
 'clitoris,' and itis, 'denoting inflammation.' 
 Inflammation of the clitoris. 
 
 CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis. 
 
 CLITORIUM, Vulva. 
 
 CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, from xJuCa, 'I 
 wash.' The pouch at the eitremityof the in- 
 testinal canal, jn which the solid and liquid ex- 
 cretions are commingled in birds, fish and rep- 
 tiles. ' In the male, it gives exit to the excre- 
 ments, sperm, and urine : in the female, to the 
 eggs, faecal matters, and urine. 
 
 CLOANX, Orpiment. 
 
 CLOAQUE, Cloaca. 
 
 CLQCHE, (F.) A popular expression in 
 France for a blister or other vesicle. 
 
 CLOISON, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales. 
 Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum lu- 
 cidum. ' . 
 
 CLONIC, Clon'icus, from xxorot, 'agitation,' 
 ' motion,' (F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive 
 
 motions. Convulsion with alternate relaxation j 
 in (contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a 
 constant rigidity; — Clonus, Clon'ici partia'les. 
 
 Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. 
 
 CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus. 
 
 CLONIQUE, Clonic. 
 
 CLONIS, Sacrurh. 
 
 CLONISM, Clonis'mus ; same etymon. Clo- 
 nic spasm. — Baumes. 
 
 CLONO'DES, from kmkis, ' agitation,' and 
 [(io?, 'resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen ap- 
 plies this term to the pulse, when convulsive, 
 as it were, and unequal. He compares the sen- 
 sation it communicates to the finger to that 
 produced by a bundle of sticks or rods in vibra- 
 tion. 
 
 CLONOS EPILEPSIA,. Epilepsy— c. Hy- 
 drophobia, Hydrophobia. 
 
 CLONUS, Synclonus— G. Nictitatio, Nifcta- 
 tion — c. Palpitatio, Palpitation — c. Pandicula- 
 tio, Pandiculation — c. Pandiculatio maxillarum. 
 Yawning — c. Singultus, Sihgultus-^c, Sternu- 
 tatio. Sneering — c. Stibsultus, Subsultus tendi- 
 num. 
 
 CLOPEMANIA, Klopemania. 
 
 CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci 
 aselli. 
 
 CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum. 
 
 CLOT; Coagulum- c. of Blood, see Blood. 
 
 CLOTBUR, Xanthium. 
 
 CLOTHING, Vestitus. 
 ■CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. 
 Composed of clots. 
 
 CLOU, Clavus, Furundulus — c. Bystengue, 
 Clavus hystericus — r. de I'CEil, Clavus oculi. 
 
 CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus. 
 
 CLOUDBERRYTREE,RubuschamaBmorus. 
 
 CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata— -c. 
 Bark, see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Pink, Di- 
 anthus caryophyllus — c. July flower, Dianthus 
 caryophyllus. 
 
 CLUBFEET, Kyllosis. 
 
 CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium— c. Fir, Lycopo- 
 dium selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium se'lago. 
 
 CLUNES, Nates-. 
 
 CLUNE'SIA, fJom Clunes, ' the nates.', Proc 
 tal'gia, Procti'tis. An inflammation of the 
 buttocks. — Vogel. 
 
 CLUNIS, Sacrum. 
 
 CLUPEA THRYSSA. The Yellow-hilled 
 Sprat ; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies. 
 
 CLYDGN, Flatulence. 
 
 CLYPITaLIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid carti- 
 lage. 
 
 CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster. 
 
 CLYSIS, Clysmus. Same etymon as clys- 
 ter. The application of a clyster. Washing 
 out by means of a clyster.. 
 
 CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enfema— c. Toni- 
 cum. Enema fcetidum. 
 
 CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. 
 A diminutive of clysma. A small clylter. 
 
 CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema. ' 
 
 CLYSOIRE, (F.) An apparatus for" admi- 
 nistering enemata, consisting of a long funnel- 
 shaped tube of elastic gum, furnished with a pipe 
 at the apex. ' * ' 
 
 CLYSOPOMPE, Syringe, Clyster. 
 
 CLYSTER, Clyste'ri'^, Clysma, Enclys'- 
 ma, Clysmus, En'ema, Lavamen'twm, from 
 x\iittir, 'to wash.'" (¥.) Clysthe, Lavement, 
 Remide. A liquid, thrown into the large in- 
 testines by means 'of a syringe, or bladder and 
 
CLTSTMKE 
 
 196 
 
 COCCINELLA 
 
 pipe properly prepared, &c.; the nozzle of the 
 syringe or pipe being introduced into the anus. 
 See Enema. #, 
 
 Clystee, Anodyne, Enema anodynuip — c. 
 Common, Enema commune — c. Domestic, Ene- 
 ma commune — c. Fetid, Enema foetidum — ;C. 
 Pipe, Elasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum, 
 — c. Starch and opiuni, Enema anodynum — c. 
 Tobacco, Enema tabaci — c. Turpentine, Enema 
 terebinthinae — c. Uterinus, Sparallium. ' 
 
 CLTSTkRE, Enema. 
 
 CNEME, Leg, Tibia. 
 
 CNEMODACTYL.(ETJS, Extensor commu- 
 nis digitorum pedis. 
 
 CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from t^vrift.rt, 'the leg,' 
 and vlojcJairic, 'the state of being bent forward.' 
 Bending of the leg forward. 
 
 CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from xvr,nn, 'leg,' 
 and irxeUaitrif, 'bending,' especially sideways. 
 Bending of the leg sideways. The state of being 
 bow-legged, or bandy-legged. 
 
 CNEORON, Daphne gnidium. 
 
 CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almere'rion, 
 Acnes'tos, Chammle'a, Widow-wail, Spurge- 
 Olive, (F.) Camelh. This plant, a native of 
 Southern Europe, contains a very irritating, 
 acrid principle. The ancients employed its 
 leaves as a .powerful purgative. It is now 
 sometimes used for deterging ulcers. 
 
 CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cnismos. A painful 
 itching. — Galen. ' 
 
 CNESMA, Itching. 
 
 CNESMOS, Cneais, Itching, Prurigo. 
 
 CNICEL^'UM, from znltw, 'carthamus,' 
 and £i««v, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus. — Diosco- 
 rides. i 
 
 CNICtrS, Carthamus tinctorius — c, Sylves- 
 tris, Centaurea benedicta. , , ' ' 
 
 CNIDEL^'ON, Cnidelai'vm, from xviSnt, 
 'cjnidia,' and iXam, 'oil.' Oil made from the 
 grana cnidia or mezereon berries. — Dioscprides. 
 
 CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Coca,, Coceo- 
 grdd'ia, ^to'lion, > Coccum. The berries of the 
 Daphne gnjdium. — Foesius. 
 
 CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared 
 to that produced by the TXrticb iirens or Nettle. 
 (Ki'i5i;.)-^Hippoc. Urticaria, Urticatio. 
 . CNIP'OTESjPTOri'iMj., Itching. The dry 
 ophthalmia, Xerophthol' mia. 
 
 CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis. 
 
 CNISMOS, Cnesmos. 
 
 CNISSA, see Nidorous. 
 
 CNISSOREG'MIA, from icvij-ra, ' the smell 
 of burnt fat,' and oosyw, 'I put forth;' Ructus 
 nidoro'sus. A nidorous eructation, as of rot- 
 ten eggs. 
 
 CNYMA, xvufia.. A slight itching. Also, a 
 puncture or vellication. — Galen. 
 
 COACUM, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 COAGMENTATIO, Gomphosis. " 
 
 COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor 
 sanguinis. ^ 
 
 COAGULANTS, CoAgulan'tiajfroxa coagu- 
 lare,-mse\f from co and agere, 'to act together.' 
 Remedies, or poisons, supposed to possess the 
 power of coagulating the biood, or to give^con- 
 sistency to animal fluids. The word and the 
 absurd notions connected with it are equally 
 abanlpned. 
 
 e^mGULA'TION, Coagula'tio, Thromia'- 
 sis. The conversion of a liquid into a more or 
 less soft and tremijlous mass. Many animal 
 and, vegetable fluids'are capable of coagulation. 
 
 COAG'ULUM, Grumus, (,F.) CaUlot, &nt- 
 »sea«, ('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in 
 a coagulable liquid. The Clot of the' Blood ig 
 particularly so called — the Cruor, Insula, Pla- 
 cen'ta, Separ San'guinis, Crassamien'tvm, San- 
 guis concre'tus ; — the red mass^ composed of 
 fibrin, serum, and colouring matter, which se- 
 parates when the blood is left to itself. See 
 Blood. The word is also applied, in pathology, 
 to the sanguineous concretions, which form in 
 different natural and accidental cavities; and 
 which, when they occur at the mouth of a di- " 
 vided artery, sometimes suspend the. flow of 
 blood. This is, indeed, one of the means by 
 which hemorrhage is arj-ested. ■ ' 
 
 CoAs'uLUM Alu'minis, Coa^idum Mmnino'- 
 s^ian, Cataplds'.ma alu'minis, Mwm curd or ca- 
 taplasm. This is made- by beating the ^hite 
 pf egg with a little alum, until a coagulumjs 
 fortned. It is applied in cases of ophthalft^, 
 where an astringent is necessary. 
 
 COALES'CENCE, Coalescevltia, CbaHfib 
 par'tiii^, from coalescere, 'to run together,' 
 (from cum, 'with,' and aler;^ ' ' to nourish,') 
 Sym/physis, Pros'physis. The adhesion or 
 union of parts previously separated, as in case 
 of wounds and preternatural adhesions or mal- 
 formations. , , 
 
 COALITIO PARTIUM, Coalescence. 
 
 COALIT"ION, Coalifio. The same etymon 
 as coalescence. It has been used in the same 
 cases ; as well as to express the action of seve- 
 ral parts of the frame, which have the same nu- 
 trition. 
 
 COALITUS, Symphysis. 
 
 COALTER'N.iE S-EBRES. A name given 
 to two intermittents, which attack a person at 
 the same time, but whose paroxysms are dis- 
 tinct : so that the attack of one supervenes when 
 the other has ceased. The term -DoitWe In- 
 termittent expresses the same meaning. 
 
 COAPTA'TION, Coapta'tio, from cum, 
 'with,' and aptdre,.' to adjust,' 'adapt;' Fitrii; 
 \go'gi. Thfe'act of adapting the two extremities 
 of a fractured bone to each other; or of re- 
 storing a luxated bone to its place.' Coaptation 
 must be effected gently. Usually, extension 
 and counter-extension are, in the first place, ne- 
 
 COARTIGULATIO,Diarthrosis,Synarthro- 
 ' i. 
 
 COARCTATIO, Coarctation, Stricture— c. 
 Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach. 
 
 COARCTA'TtON, Coareta'tia^ from eoarc- 
 tore, 'to straiten.'. Stricture. Avicenna speaks 
 of Coarctation of the Fwtse, 
 
 COAT, BUFFY, Corium' phlogisticum. 
 
 COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF,''Smalt. 
 
 COBtfAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Cobhamis seven miles from Kingston, in Sur- 
 rey, England. The waters are weak saline 
 purgatives. 
 
 iCOBRA DI CAPELLOjCrotalushorriaus. 
 
 COBWEB, Araneae tela. 
 
 COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicuffl. 
 
 CObCA'RIUM. A very small pill. 
 
 COCCHIA, Cochia. 
 
 COCCI GRANUM, Kermes— c. Orientales, 
 see Menispermuhi cocculua. 
 
 cocc'igio-cutanA SPHINCTEU, 
 Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 COCCINELLA, Coccus cacti< 
 
 Coccihel'la Septempuncta'ta. Lady-Urii 
 
COCCION 
 
 197 
 
 COCHONE 
 
 Lady-cow, Lady-hug. This iftsectj bruised 
 upon in aching tooth, has long been regarded 
 as antiodontalgic. 
 
 COCCION, xoKKiow. A weight, mentioned 
 by Myrepsus; the same as the siliqua^ 
 COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti. 
 COCCOBALSAMUM, see A.myria opobal- 
 jamum. 
 COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana. 
 COOCOLOBA U VIFERA, see Kino. 
 COCCONES, see Punioa granatum, 
 
 COCCUL^ OEFICINARUM, see Menis- 
 permum cocculus. 
 , COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tu- 
 berculatum — c. Indi artomatica, see Myrtus pi- 
 raenta — c'. IndicUs, see Menispermum cocculus 
 — c. Palmatus, Columba — c. Suberbsiis, Menis' 
 permum cocculus. 
 
 COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kerines — c. Ba- 
 (^icum, Kermes — c. Infectorium, Kermes — c. 
 Searlatinum, Kermes — c. Tinctorum, Kermes. 
 
 COCCUS, Coccus cacti — c.Americanus, Coc- 
 cus cacti. 
 
 Coccus Cacti. The systematic name of the 
 Coch'ineal Itisect, Coccinel'la, Coi^hinil'la, 
 Cooeionel'la, Coecinii'la, Ficus In^dicB grana, 
 Coccus Polo7t'icus, Bcardbcc'olu^ hemisphtB'ri- 
 eua, CochirieUfera cochirdl'la. Coccus America' - 
 nusy Coccus In'dicus Tincto'riiCS, CocMfielle, 
 Cocius ; The Coch'incai Animal, (F.) Coche- 
 nille, Graine d'icarlale. The cochineal in- 
 sects have a faint, heavy odour ;, their taste is 
 acrid, bitterish, and astringent : colour blackish- 
 red externally ,T-purple-red within. They are 
 used chiefly for giving a red colour to tinctures, 
 &c. They were, at one time, esteemed astrin- 
 gent, stimulant, diuretic,, and anodyne. 
 
 Coccus Ilicjs, Kermes — c. Indicus tinctoriiis. 
 C<occus cacti — c. Indicus, see Menispermum 
 cocculus — c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COC CYC E PH'ALUS, - Coccy'go-ceph'alus, 
 from coccyx and Ke^aKti, 'the head.' A mon- 
 ster whose head has the shape of the os coc- 
 eygis. . 
 
 COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus. 
 
 COCCYGE'US, Coceyge'al, from xoxxuS, be. 
 cause it is inserted into the coccyx ; Ischio- 
 Coccygeus, (F.) Ischio-cbccygien. Belonging 
 both to tto» ischium and coccyx. Thie niriscle 
 Ischio-coccygeus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangu- 
 la'ris Coccy'gis. It arises from the spinous pro- 
 cess ofthe ischium, and is inserted into the ex- 
 tremity of the sacrum; and into nearly the 
 whole length of the ds coccygis laterally. It 
 retains the coccyx in place, and prevents it 
 from being forced backwards during the evacu- 
 ation of the faeces. 
 
 COCC TGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 CpCCYGIO-CtrTA.JM'^PHINCTER, 
 Spffincter ani externum. 
 
 COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus. 
 * COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica. 
 
 COCCYX, ' a cucioo ;' whose bill it is said 
 to resemble ; Os Coccy'gis, Catida^ Ossis sacri 
 acu'Tnen, Os Al'agas, Rtimp jSone, Cu'cuhts, 
 Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spondyl'itvm. An as- 
 semblage of small bones, attached to the lower 
 part of the sacrum ; the curvature of ■vfhich, it 
 prolongs, and of which it seems tobe an append- 
 age. Generally, it consists of four bon^s, Be- 
 hind the base of the coccyx are two small tu- 
 bercular eminences. ' These are called Comua 
 of the Coccyx. * 
 
 COCHEMAR, Incubus. . 
 
 CPCHENILLE, Coctus cacti. 
 
 C6CHERIA, Cochia. 
 
 COCHIA, Cocchiai Coche'ria, from mXxos, 
 berry,' ' seed,' or from Mxve, 'to flow pro- 
 fusely,' An ancient name for several oflicinal 
 purgative pills ; thus called, either because they 
 produced copious evacuations, or because they 
 were shaped like a seed. 
 
 COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis. 
 
 COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti. 
 
 COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coc- 
 cus cacti. 
 
 COCHINILLA, doccus cacti. 
 
 COCHLEA. A Snail's shell, (F.) Idmaijon, 
 Coquille. Anatomists have given this name to 
 the most anterior of the three cavities, which 
 constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the Pel- 
 vis Att'riwm, Concha iiuHs inter'na, Cav'itas 
 cochlea'ta, C. bucdna'ta. Antrum hucdno' swm, 
 Concha Lahyrin'thi, TrochHea lahyrinth'i: — 
 and that of ScaliB of the Cochlea, (F.) Rampes 
 du limagon, to two spiral cavities in the interior 
 of the cochlea. One of thes^ scalae terminates 
 at the Fenes'tra rptun'da, and is called Scala 
 tympani : the other opens at the anterior and 
 inferior part of the vestibule. It is called Scala 
 ve'stib'uli. 
 
 Cochlea, Scalj; of the, see Cochlea. 
 
 COCHLKAR, Cochleare — c. Auriculare, 
 Ear-pick. 
 
 COCKLE A'RE,Coc^Vefflr,-Coc^/eo'nMwi, from 
 cochlea; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoon- 
 ful, (F.) Cuilleree; abbreviated in prescriptions 
 usually to coch. See abbreviation. Also, a 
 scoop. ' 
 
 Cochlea'ee Magnum, a table-spoonful; C. 
 Me'dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful; and C. 
 Min'imum; a tea-spoonful. 
 ' COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' 
 so called from its resemblance. 
 
 Cochlea'bia Armoea'cia, Raph'anus rusti- 
 ca'nus, Armora' ciajRaph'un7is mari'nus, Raph- 
 anus sylves'tris. Horseradish. Family, Cruci- 
 ferae. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. (F.) 
 Raifort sauvage, Cran, Cran de Bretogne. The 
 root of horseradish is frequently Used at table ; 
 and has long been in the Materia Medica. - It is 
 stimulant and diuretic. Externally it.is rube- 
 facient. 
 
 CocHLEA^EiA Coron'opus, Corou' opus,Coron'- 
 opus Ruel'lii, Wild Scurvy Grass, Svnne^s 
 Cress, (F.) Come de Cerf. ■ This European 
 plant is considered to be diuretic and antiscor- 
 butic. The term Coron'opiis was given, by the 
 anciepts, to various plants. 
 
 Cochi.ea'e.ia Hortensis, Cochlearia officina- 
 lis. 
 
 Cochle^'eia Offioina'lis, C. horten'sis, Le- 
 mon Scurvy Grass, Com/mon Scurvy Gi'ass,{Y.) 
 Cranson,' Herbe aux cuillers. It has been con- 
 sidered a' powerful antiscorbutic. It is some- 
 times eaten in salad. 
 
 COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from ooc/s/eaye, /a 
 spoon,' xni forma, 'shage ;* (F.) Becde Cuiller. 
 
 COCHLEAIIIFOEMIS PEOCES'SUSjCocWeaW/brOT 
 
 process. A small, very thin platS, which se- 
 parates the bony portion of the Eustachian tube 
 from the canal for the passage of the^'engoi 
 tym^jani. 
 
 COCHLEARITTM, Cochleare. 
 
 COCHO'NE, iio/(un7. , The jimction of the 
 ischium, near the seat or breech. — Foesius. 
 
COCILIO 
 
 198 
 
 CCELIAGRA 
 
 The breech proper, from the hip-bones-to the 
 anus. The perinaeum, (q. v.) The coccyj. 
 
 COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces. 
 
 COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony. 
 
 COCKLES, INDIANif see Menispermum 
 cocculus. 
 
 COCKMINT,, Tanacetum balsimita. 
 
 COQKUP HAT, Stillingia. 
 
 COCLES, Borgne. 
 
 COCO, Cocos nucifera. ^ ; 
 
 Coco OF THE Maldives, Cocoa ds Maldi'va. 
 The fruit of a palm, called Lodolce'n by Com- 
 inerson. It was formerly termed, in the shops, 
 Nux Med'icai and enjoyed great reputation. 
 
 COCOA, Cacao. 
 
 COCOA CACAVIFERA, Cacao. 
 
 COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazarp. , 
 
 COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the 
 plant which affords the ;pa/»»oiZ, O'leum pal'mcs, 
 obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and 
 mixing the kernels with water, without the aid 
 of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises 
 to the surface. It is of the consistence of an 
 ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though 
 not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains, 
 &c.; but has no advantages over other oils. It 
 has been called, also, O'lewm Palma seba'ceum, 
 O. jixifm nucwm coeds bittyra'ceii and Macktiw 
 fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is 
 Guineen'sis, and Ela'is, Occidenta'lis, two spe- 
 cies of palms. 
 
 Coeds Nuoif'eka, (!".) Cocotier. Order, 
 Palmae. The' systematic name of the plant 
 whose fruit-is the cocoa nut. (F.) Coco. It is 
 an agreeable kernel, but not easy of digestion. 
 Emulsions, orgeat, &c., are made from it. The 
 juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms wine, 
 and arrack is distilled from it. 
 
 CO COTE, Influenza. 
 
 COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera. 
 
 COCTIO, Coction, Digestion — c. Ciboruiji, 
 Digestion — c. Morbi, Coction. 
 
 COCTION, Coc'tio, Fepsis, Pepan'sis, Pe- 
 pas'mosj Sympep'sis, Concoc'tion, from coquere, 
 'to boil.' This word has been employed in 
 various senses. 1. With the ancients, coction 
 meant the particular kind of alteration which 
 the food experiences in the digestive organs, 
 particularly in the stomach. It itieant a prepa- 
 ration from its crude state. 9. It expressed the 
 maturation or change, which the humeral patho- 
 logists believed morbific matter experiences 
 before elimination. It was considered, that 
 coction, Coc'tio morhi, was produced during the 
 violence of the disease; and hence this was 
 called the Period of Coction. See Humorism. 
 
 COD or CODS, Scrotum. 
 
 CODAGAPALA bark, Nerium antidysen- 
 tericum. * 
 
 CODE, Codex. 
 
 CODEIA, Codeine. 
 
 COD'EINE, 'Codei'a^fTOTa xmSta, *a poppy 
 head.' An allcaloid, discovered, by Robiquet, 
 in opium, in 1839. It is soluble in water, alco- 
 hol and ether, and unites readily with acids. 
 As a, hypnotic, 'Magendie thinks one grain of 
 codeia equal to half a grain of morphia. , The 
 muriate of, codeia appears to be stronger than 
 the pure codeia. 
 
 CODESELLA, Anthrax. 
 
 CODEX, a collection of laws. ,■ (F.) Code. 
 By extension, a collection of approved medical 
 formulae, with the processes necessary for form- 
 
 ing the compounds, referred to in it. The 
 Parisian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codem medico- 
 menta'rizts. 
 
 Codex Medioamentab.ius, Formulary, me 
 Codex. ' 1 
 
 CODIA, Papaver (capsule.) 
 
 CODOCELE,-Bubo. ' 
 
 CODOSCELLA, Bubo'. 
 
 CCECAL, Caecal. " . 
 
 CffiCITAS, Caecitas. . 
 ' CCECUM, Cscum. 
 
 COEFjPE, Caul. 
 
 CQL'LIA, xoiXia, xoilri, 'a hollow place,* 
 This word generally meant a cavity in^the 
 body: — the abdomen^ (q. v.) in particular. It 
 has also been used for the alimentary canal, 
 &c. i^ariu xoiXia, ' the stomach,' xarm xoiim, 
 'the abdomen.' Also, an al vine, evacuation; 
 excrement. 
 
 CCE'LIAC, Cceliacus, Gastroca'liacua, Gas- 
 trocoe'lieics,'(S.) Caliaque ou CeliUque, fioni 
 xoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating 
 to the cavity of the abdomen. i 
 
 < C celiac Artery, A. CcR'liaca^ C celiac axis, 
 {A. opistogastrique, Ch.,) A. Ccdid,que, Troiie 
 cceliaque. Tripled de la cceliaque, is situate above 
 the pancreas, and behind the upper part of the 
 stomach. It arises from the anterior part of lie 
 abdominal aorta, where it passes between the 
 pillars of the diaphragm, ^nd soon divides into 
 the coronaria ventrieuli, hepatic, and splmic 
 arteries. 
 
 C CELIAC Flux, Caliac Passion, Caliaea 
 cTiylo'sa, Diarrhce'a . chylo'sa, D. chymo'sa, 
 Eluxus chylti'sus seu ooeliaxua,- Passio caliaeq, 
 P. Ven-tricu^o'sa, CkymQchc'zia, Fluor alhts 
 intestine' rum., Chytorrkcc'a,Chymorrha'a, Ca- 
 liaca lac'tea. Morbus cceliacus, Ckylodiarrha'a, 
 Galactodiarrhce' a, • Sedes lactes/cen'tes, Gastror- 
 rhae/a, (F.) Flux ccdiaque. A species of diar- 
 rhoea, in which the food is discharged by the 
 bowels in an undigested condition. By some, 
 defined to be diarrhoea attended with discharges 
 of chyle or chyme. It is, in general, sympto- 
 matic of tubercular disease of the mesenteric 
 glands. See Lientery. 
 
 Cceliac Passion, Cteliac flux. 
 
 CcelIac Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus m' 
 sente'rii pro'prius'et 9nax'imus,P ^ganglifor'ms 
 semiluna'ris, (^Plexus median ouopistogastriqite 
 Ch.,) (F.) PI. Caliac ou solaire, Ganglion (fc 
 Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervdfts fila- 
 ments, which proceed from the semilunar gan- 
 glia of the great sympathetic. It is strength- 
 ened by several branches of the right and left 
 pneumogastric nerves; it is seated around the 
 trunk of the cceliac artery, behind the stomach, 
 and furnishes the secondary plexuses — the iiiy- 
 phragmatic, coronary of the stomach, splmie 
 and hepatic, which acccJinpany the aiteriffl^of 
 the same name. 
 
 CCELIACA, from xoi;iiaKos, ' cailiae,' (q. T.) 
 Diseases of the digestive organs; the 1st class 
 in Good's Nosology. It comprises two orders, 
 Enterica and Splanchnica. 
 , Cceliaca Chylosa, Coeliac flux^c. Lactea, 
 Cceliac flux— c. Renalisi Chyluria— c. UiinaliB, 
 Chyluria. 
 
 CCELI jE'MI A, Hypera'mia ahdom'inis, Con- 
 
 ges'tio abdomina'lis, from xoiXia, ' the abdomen, 
 
 and 'aifia, ' blood.' Hypersemia or congestiot 
 
 of the blood vessels of the abdomen. 
 
 ' CGELIAGRA, Gastri'tis seu Enteri'tis sen 
 
CCELIALGIA 
 
 199 
 
 COITION 
 
 Gout of the 
 
 Col'iea seu Diarrhce'a arthrit'ica. 
 abdomen. '' 
 
 CCELIALGIA, Tormina. , 
 COELIAQUE, TR&PIED BE LA, Cceliac 
 artery. 
 CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric. 
 CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites. ' 
 CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ahdominal. 
 CCELIODYNIA, Colic. 
 CCELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea. . ^ 
 
 CtELION'GUS,C(BHppAj'mo,' from xoixia, 
 ' the abdomen,' and oyxos, ' a tumour.' A tumour 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 CCELIOPHYMA, Coelioncusi 
 
 CCELIOPHY'MAT A, TuUr'cula peritonee'i, 
 from xotMa, 'the cavity of the abdomen,' and 
 noua, ' a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the peri- 
 toneum. , 
 
 CCELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus. 
 
 CCELIOPYO'SIS, from xo^XI«, 'the abdo- 
 men,' and nvaiaic, ' suppuration.' Suppuration 
 ia the abdomen or its parietes. 
 
 CCELIORRHCEA, Diarrhcea. 
 
 CCELIORRHEU'MA> Rheumatis'mus ab- 
 dom'inis, from zoiMa, ' the abdomen,' and fcvfa, 
 ' defluxion, rheumatism.' , Rheumatisni of the 
 muscles, of the abdomen. • , 
 
 CCELIOSPAS'MUS, from xoimo, ' abdomen,' 
 and anaafiog, ' spasm.' Spksm or cramp of the 
 abdomen. , 
 
 COELO'MA, from zoiAoe,' hollow.' Around 
 ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than 
 that described under the name Bothrion. 
 
 CffiLON, Cavity. 
 
 CCELOPHTHAL'MUS, from xoilot, 'hol- 
 low,' and ofBaJtfiog, 'fiye.,' One who is hollow- 
 eyed. 
 
 CCELOSTOM'IA, from xoiko?, 'hollow,' and 
 nro/ia, 'mouth.' A defect in speaking, when 
 the voice seems as if.it came from a cavern; — 
 that, is, obscure, and as if at a distance. 
 
 CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who 
 has a hollow voice. 
 
 CCELOTES, Cavity. 
 
 CCENiESTHE'SIS, from xoiios, 'common,' 
 anda[(Ji?ii<ns, 'feeling.' Cohasthe'sis. Coirimon 
 feeling. Some German writers mean, by, this, 
 a sixth sense. It is the feeling of self-existence 
 or individuality, and is manifested by the sense 
 of buoyancy or depression, which we experience 
 without any known cause; — by involuntary 
 shuddering, feeling of chill or glow, &c. 
 
 CGENOLOGIA, Consultation. 
 
 CCE'NOTES, KitviTij;, 'commonness,' from 
 xoivot, 'common.' The physicians.of the me- 
 thodic sect asserted that all diseases arise from 
 , relaxation, stricture^ or a mixture of both.' 
 These were ca.lled Canotes: ojc what. diseases 
 have in common. 
 
 COETUS, -Coition. 
 
 C(EUR, Heart. 
 
 COF'FEA ARAB'ICA,(F.) Cajler^ani Ca- 
 feyer- FoMiily, RubiaceEB. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Monogynia. The plant which affords cof- 
 fee, J<z*'TOj«!ziOT,jlr35'8cMOT, Choava,Bon. Ori- 
 ginally from Yemen. Bunh, (F.) Cafe. 
 
 The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and 
 wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain 
 extent, a tonic, and is employed as such in con- 
 valescence, J especially from fevers, &c.. In 
 cases of poisoning by opium, and in old asth- 
 mas, its use has been extolled. For this pur- 
 pose the Moka is the best. It ought to be newly 
 
 torrefied, but not too much burnt; should he 
 strong, and drunk soon after grinding. FacH- 
 tioiM Coffees have been from time to time, re- 
 commended, but they are infinitely inferior to 
 the genuine. Varioji? substitutes have been 
 proposed; wheat, barley, hollyherries, acorns, 
 siinfioioer seeds, beechmast, peas, beans, suc- 
 eory-reot, seeds of gooseberries and currants left 
 in making. wine, and washed,— rsliced turnips, 
 &c. These have been roasted with the addi- 
 tion of a little butter or oil: but they have not 
 the aroma of coffee. The best substitute is said 
 to be the seeds of the Yellow water flag— Gla- 
 diolus luteus or Iris ps'eudacortcs. 
 
 Hunt's (Economical Breakfast Powder con- 
 sisted of rye, roasted with a little butter. ' It is 
 a good substitute for coffee. 
 
 COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum. 
 COGNITid PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology. 
 COHABIT ATIO, Coition. 
 COHABITATION, Cohabita'tio, from cum, 
 'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of 
 dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means 
 the consummation of marriage.-^ Co^Mtoiom. 
 
 COHE'SION, Cohce'sio, from cum, ' with,' 
 and harere, ' to stick.' Vis coKcesio'nis, Vis ad- 
 hasio'nis, Vis atfractio'nis. Force of. coke'sion, 
 Attrc^ction of cohesion,A . of aggregation, is that 
 force in the particles of matter, whereby they 
 are connected in such a way as to resist any 
 attempt towards their removal or separation. 
 This force has to be attended to, in the manage- 
 ment of disease. Emollients, rubbed into a 
 part, act by diminishing the cohesion. 
 
 C0H0BA',TION, Cohoba'tio, Goho'iiunt, Co'- 
 hob, Co'koph. ■ Distillation of a liquid^already 
 distilled — on the same substances. When this 
 is repeated three or four times, it is called 
 Recohoba'tion. 
 
 ''COHOL. Synonym of Altohol. Also, a dry 
 collyrium. — Avicenna. 
 
 COHOSH, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum 
 thalictro'ides — c. Black, Actsea racemosa — c. 
 Blueberry, Caulophyllum thaltctroides. 
 ■ COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides. 
 COIFFE, Caul. 
 COIGN, see Pyrus cydohia. 
 COIGNASSIER,P-yma cydonia. 
 COINCIDEN'TIA. Some authors have trans- 
 lated, by this term, the word parempto'sis, used 
 by Galen to designate the occlusion of the fora- 
 men opticum by a humour, proceeding from the 
 base of the brain, and occasioning blindness. — . 
 Castelli. 
 
 COIN'DICANT, Cotn'dicims, hom eon, 
 ' with,' and indico, ' I indicate.' 
 
 Coin'dioant Signs are those which furnish 
 the same indications; or which confirm the 
 indication afforded by another sign: — oii»t)- 
 dEixvvfLsva. 
 
 COIRA, Catechu. 
 
 COIRAS, Scrofula. 
 
 CpiT, Coition. 
 
 COIT'TON, Co'itus, Co'etus, from coeo, {eon, 
 and eo, ' to go,') ' to go together.' Copula'tion, 
 Copula'tio,Copf ula Cama'lils,Aphrodis'ia,Aphro- 
 disiasm'us, Epip'locl, Acces'sus, Basia'tio, Am- 
 ■plexa'tio, Amplex'us, Conyen'tus, Complex'ib, 
 Conju'gium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lagneu'- 
 ma, Lagnei'a,- Mixis, Permis'tio Fermix'tio, 
 Syndyas'mus,Synu'sia, Coneu'bitus, Congres'- 
 
COITUS 
 
 300 
 
 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS 
 
 sws, Cohahita'tio, Venus, Res Vene'rea, Odncu'- 
 hitiis vene'reus, -HoTml'ia, Yenhry, Sescual in' 
 tfircourse, (F.) Coit, Approche, Accouple^nt, 
 The carnal union of the sexes. 
 
 COITUS, Coition— c. Mfficilis, Dyssynodus 
 — c. SodotiiiticuSj Buggery. 
 
 COL, Collum. 
 
 COLA, Articulation. 
 
 i;OLATIO, see Colatura. 
 ' COLATUM, see Colatura. 
 
 COhATO'mVU, Hylister, ivom colare, 't6 
 strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir. 
 A terni, by which the ancient .physicians de- 
 scribed every canal or conduit, through which 
 the excrementitious hurtiours Of the body are 
 evacuated. Ulcers, fistulae, setons, caustics, &c., 
 have been caWedartiJiciatoi accidental Cqlatoria, 
 because they vfere considered to be passages by 
 v?hich the animal economy is freed from some 
 morbific matter. 
 
 COLATU'RA, from colare,'to strain.' Cola'- 
 tum. (F.) Colature. A filtered or strained liquor. 
 It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio, 
 jyiy'lisis, THylis'inus, Hy'lisis, Hylis'Tnus. 
 
 COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Aqua Colcestren' sis . The waters of Col- 
 chester are of the bitter purging kind, similar 
 to those of Epsom. 
 
 COLCHICIA, see Colchicum antumnale. 
 
 COL'UHICUM AUTUMNALE, from the 
 country Colchis. ' Meadow Saffron, Col' chicwm, 
 Coum, (F.) Colchique, Tue-chien, Wort aux 
 chiens, Safran des pros, Safran b&tard. FaTfiily, 
 Colchicacese. Class, Hexandria. Order, Mo- 
 nogynia. The bulb or root {Bulbus vel "Rad^x 
 vbl Cormus,') and the seeds are the parts used 
 in medicine! The taste ^ is acrid, excoriating 
 the mouth; but the acrimony is lost by drying. 
 It is narcotic, diuretic, and cathartic; and has 
 been given in drop?y, gout, and rheumatism. 
 Dose, from gr. j. to vj. of the fresh bulb. 'It' 
 is supposed to be the active ingredient of the 
 Eau Tnedicinale d'Susson. The active princi- 
 ple is called Colchic"ia. The Colchicum, in an 
 over dose, is an acro-narcotic poison. 
 
 Dr. Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said 
 to be merely an infusion of Colqhicum, or CoV- 
 chicin. 
 
 Colchicum Zeylakicttm, Esempferia rotunda. 
 
 COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumhale. 
 
 COL'COTHAR, CoHcothar Vitrioli, Henri'- 
 cus rubens, Chalci'tis, Brown red. Rouge, Cfo- 
 cus, Oxidum Ferri rubrum, Tritox'ydivm Ferri, 
 Sulphas Ferri ccddndtum, Ferrum vitriola'tumi 
 ustu/m. Terra vitrioli dulcis, Crocus martis vi- 
 triolatus seu adstrini gens, (F.) Rouge d'Angle- 
 terre, Safran de Mars astringent. The red oxide 
 of iron, obtained by calcining sulphate of iron 
 to redness, with or without the contact of air. 
 It possesses the general properties of the prepa- 
 rations of iron, and has been applied to stanch 
 blood, &c. 
 
 COLD, Frigus, Psychos, (P.) Froid. The 
 sensation produced by the abstraction of caloric 
 from our organs, — Ckeimd, Chimon. See Heat. 
 
 Three degrees of cold are generally distin- 
 guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of 
 cold (^Algor), 2. Chilliness {Horror), and 3, 
 Shivering {Rigor). Cold is employed in me- 
 dicine, chieflyif as a refrigerant and sedative. 
 
 Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — c. 
 in the Head, Coryza. 
 
 COLEITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLEOCELE, see Hernia. 
 
 COLECEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
 
 COLEOPTOgIS, Prolapsus vagina. 
 , COLEORRHEXSlS,ffrom xo*-'f(> 'a vagina 
 or sheath,' and jijfi?, 'rupture.' Laceration or 
 rilpture of the vagina. 
 
 COLEOSITIS, L?ucorrhcBi. 
 
 COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpost'egno'sis, Col-' 
 postenochor'ia', Cotposynize'sis, from ;f «!isot, ' a 
 vagina or sheath,' and (niyvoini;, 'constriction.' 
 Narrowness of the vagina — naturiil or acquired. 
 
 COLkRE, Rage. 
 
 COLES, Penis. 
 
 COLEUS, Tagina. * 
 
 CO LIBERT, Cagot. 
 
 COLIC, Co'licus, from xaXov, 'the colon.' 
 (Fi) Colique. Relating to the colon. 
 
 Colic Arteries, Arte'rits cc/li^ca, (F.) At- 
 tires coliques, are six in number, three of which, 
 given off by the superior mesenteric, are called 
 Colicce dextrse ; and three, proceeding from the 
 inferior mesenteric, Colicsesinis'trae. All pro- 
 ceed towards the colon, passing between the 
 two laminae of the peritoneilm, which form the 
 mesocolon, where they ramify and anastomose 
 with each other. The first, Colita dextra, Ra- 
 mus coi'ica dexter, is called C. dextra superior, 
 {Meso-colique, — Ch.)' The second, C. dextra 
 media, Colica media. Ramus colicus medius, 
 Arteria media anastomot'ica, (C. droite, Ch.,) 
 and the third, C. dextra infe'rior or Ileo-coUca, 
 (A. ccBcale,—Ch.) Of the'^three Colica sink- 
 trx, the first or superior is called, by Chaussier, 
 Colica magna sinis'tra ; the second or mema is 
 not distinguished from the preceding,' as they 
 often arise from a common trunk ; and -the third 
 is called by .Chaussier Colica parva^ sinis'tra. 
 To 'these arteries as many veins correspond, 
 whicli open into the great and little mesen- 
 teric. 
 
 Colic Lobe of the Live* is the.great lobe 
 of that organ. 
 
 Colic, Co'lica Fassi'o, Colica, Bellyache] CcV- 
 icS, Colicodyn'iA, Caliodyn'ia, Dold'res intes- 
 tino'rum. Dolor co'licus^ Dyse?iteronerv'ia,Anin- 
 teronerv'ia. Enteral' ^d. Gripes, MuUigruls. 
 In its etymological acceptation. Colic signi- 
 ^es aa affection or pain in the colon. But it 
 is employed in a more extensive signification. 
 It includes every acute pain of the abdomen, 
 aggravated at intervals. The word has, how- 
 ever, epithets afiSxed to it, whith render it moi« 
 or less precise. See Tormina. 
 
 Colic, Crapulent, Colica crapulosa. 
 
 Colic, Devonshire, Colic, metallic — C.Horn, 
 Priapismns^-c;. Lead, Colic, metallic— c. Ma- 
 drid, Colica Madridensis — c. Menstrual, Colica 
 menstrualis — c. Metallica, Colica metallica--c. 
 Painters', Colic, metallic — c. Plumbers', Colic, 
 metallic — c. of Poitou, Colic, metallic— iS Sa- 
 turnine, Colic, metallic — c. of Surinam, Colic, 
 metallic — c. Uterine, Colica uterina— c. Worm, 
 Colica verminosa. 
 
 COLICA ACCIDENTALIS, Colica crapn- 
 losa — c. Acuta, Enteritis — c. Arthritica, Cceli- 
 agra. 
 
 Co'lica Bilio'sa, Bil'ious Colic, (F.) Coliqti* 
 Bilieuse. Colic, occfisioned by an accumula- 
 tion of bile in the intestines or in its own pas- 
 sages. The treatment required resembles that 
 proper for the next variety. 
 
 Colica C allo'sa . Colic attended with sense 
 of stricture in some parts of the intestinal ca- 
 
COLICA CONVULSIVA 
 
 201 
 
 COLLAPSUS 
 
 nal ; often of flatulency and pain ; the flatulen,- 
 cy gradually passing off by the stricture ; the 
 bowels tardy; at length discharging small liqjiid 
 §tpols, , , . , 
 
 CoLiCA CoNvuLsi'VAj C Bpas^od'icct, C. pi- 
 tnito'sa^ C. nervo'sa, C, idiapath'ii'a, Eniero- 
 spasm'us. (jblic, not the symptom of any Other 
 affection. It is characterized by griping pain 
 in the bowels, chiefly about the navel, with 
 vomiting and costiveness,— the pain increasing 
 at intervals. The indications are to clear the 
 intestines, and allay spasm. Calomel and opium 
 — castor oil and opium — emollient and^cathar- 
 tic enemata, with fomentations, wet or dry, to 
 the abdomen, usually succeed, i 
 
 CoLiCA .Crapulo'sa, C. accident a'iisj C. kel' 
 luo'num, Crap'uleiit colic, Surfeit) (Yt'y.Colique 
 d' Indigestion. A Colic, arising from eating in- 
 digestible aliments, or digestible aliments in 
 too great abundance. The remedy is obvious. 
 
 CoticA Damnonioeum, Colic, metallic — c. 
 Febric?isa, Colicairiflammatoria-^. Figulorum, 
 (Jolica metallica. 
 
 , CojLiCA Ft.ATtTi,EN'TA,/«;?a'««i, Gastmdyn'ia 
 Jlatulen'ta, Physospas'mus, Fibeutac&^^iis en- 
 ter'icd) (F.) Cnlique flattdeivtej C.Jlatueuse, C' 
 venteuse. Colic, arising from an accumulation 
 ■of air in the intestines. It is very common in 
 infants, and. may be relieved by aromatics, espe- 
 cially when combined with antacids — ^e. g. oil 
 of aniseed with magnesia.' 
 
 CoLiCA Helluonum, Colica crapulosa. 
 
 CoLiCA HEMOREHOiDA'tis, Hemorrhoid' al 
 Colic, (F.) ColiqKe h'emorrho'idale. A kind 6f 
 colic, supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to 
 supervene on tlieir suppression. , , ' 
 
 ■-Colic A , Hep at'ica, • ' Hepatai'gia, ' Hepatal- 
 gia Calc'ido'SLb, Sepat'ic colic, (F.) Coliqnt 
 Jiipdtique. Paia in the region of the liver, 
 chiefly about the gall-bladder, occasioned by 
 the passing of a biliary calculus through the 
 cystic and choledoch ducts. ' ■ 
 
 Colica Idiopathica, Coli'ca convulsiva— ^c. 
 Ileus, Ileus. 
 
 Colica Inflammato'ria, C PMogis'tiea, C. 
 plethor'ica, C.fehrico'sa, C.pulsa^'ilis,Infia9n'- 
 matory colic. The same as enteritis, (q. v.) 
 
 OoLioA Lapponioa, see Seta eijuina-rc. Lo- 
 chialisj Dyslochia — c. Madridensis, Colic of 
 Madrid — c. Nervosa, Colica cohvulsiva, Colic, 
 metallic — c. Phlogistica, Colica iiiflammatoria. 
 
 Colica Madri-den'sis, Colic of 'Madrid, Ma- 
 drid Colic. A speties of colic, endemic iiL se- 
 veral provinces of Spain, whose nature is not 
 clear. Its Symptoms resemble those occasioned 
 by lead. 
 
 Colica Menstrua'lis, Men'str'iial Colic, (F.) 
 Coliqiie menstruelle. Colic, which precedes or 
 accompanies the Inenstrual evacuation, or which 
 is owing to the suppression of that evacuation. 
 
 Coi^iCA.M.KT:iLl,'iACK,Metal'licColic,Painters' 
 Colic, Colica Pic'tonumi Colic ofPoitou, Colica 
 Sdturni'na, C. J^igulo'rwm., Qolic of Surinam', 
 Bellon,.Dev'on'shire Colic, pry Bellyache, Sa- 
 turnine Colic, Lead Colic, Plumbers' Coljic, 
 Raekial'gia Pic'tonwm, R. Pictavien'sium, 
 Morbus Metal'licus, Colicople'gia, Colica Ra- 
 ekial'gia, Raekial'gia, ' Colica Dam,nonio'rnm, 
 C, Phfmbario'rum, Paral'ysis rachialgia^ Co- 
 lica nervo'sa, Colica ^icto' mm, PslmMs Plum- 
 ba'rius, (F.) Vysenteronervie Saturnine, Co- 
 lique de Poitou, Coliqne vegetale (?), Colique 
 des peintrea, Colique de plomb, C, mitalliqne, 
 14 
 
 C. Saturnine, C. des barbonilleurs. Under 
 this head is^ generally described the colic pro- 
 duced by lead, as well is the other colics men- 
 tioned in the synonymy; and" they, certainly 
 resemble each other greatly, although some of 
 them are more like bilious colic. There is 
 not much to distinguish this variety of colic from 
 others. The same violent pain about the navel 
 IS present, w^ith retraction of the abdomen to- 
 wards the spine. It is apt also to occasion pal- 
 sy. The only difference of treatment is in' the 
 necessity for employing more opium along with 
 the purgative. The paralytic sequelae must be 
 treated by change of air; nibbing the spine, ex- 
 ercise, &c. Treating the disease upon general 
 piinciples is infinitely more philosophical, and 
 more successfiil than the "empirical manage- 
 ment at tia Charite, Paris,, which it is vinrie- 
 cessary to detail. 
 
 Colica Nepheet'ioA, Nephret'ic Colic, (;F.) 
 Colique Nephretique. Aciite pains, which ac- 
 company .nephritis, and especially calculous 
 nephritis, or the passage of the calculus into the 
 ureter^. ■ , 
 
 ■" Colica PipTOMtKsi, Colic, metallic — c.Picto- 
 rum. Colic, metallic — c. PLtuitosa, Colica con- 
 vulsiva — c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria — 
 c- Plumbariorum, Colic, metallic— c. Pulsatilis, 
 Colic, inflammatory-^c. Rachialgia, Colic, me- 
 tallic — c. Satiirnina, Colica metallica — c. Spas- 
 modica, Colica convulsive, Ileus^c. Stipata, 
 Colica stercorea— c. Ventriculi, Cardialgia. 
 
 Colica Steeco'rea, Stercorii'ceoits Colic, 
 Colica Stipa'ta, (Fi) Colique stercorale. A 
 species of <;olic, ascribed to the retention of 
 " faecal matters in the iiltestlnes. ' The retention 
 is itself, however,' an effect, that may be ca.used 
 in the same manner as the colicf pains themselves, 
 
 CoLiCA Uteei'na, Hy s'tero-i^pl'ic.aj Uterine 
 Colic, (F.) Coliqne utirine. ■ Pain seated in the 
 uterus, sometinies called 'Hysteral'gi.a. 
 
 Colica Vermino'sa, Helmi^ukocol'ica, TForm 
 Colic, (FO -Colique vermineuse. Abdominal 
 pain, pccaaioned by the presence of wor^ns in 
 the intestines. 
 
 COLICODYNlA, Colica. 
 
 COLIt'OPLEGIA, Colic, metallic. 
 
 COLIMACON, Limax. 
 
 ■COLIQUJi, Colic — J', des Sarboicilleurs, Co- 
 lica metallica — .-. Hepatique, Colica hepatica 
 — c. d'Indigestion,[Co\i<ii crapulosa^ — c. M.etal- 
 lique, Colica metallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus 
 — c. de Misericorde, Ileus — c. des Peintres, Co- 
 lica ttietallica — c. de Plomi, Colica metallica — 
 c. de Poitou, Colica metallica — c. Saturnine, 
 Colica metallica — c. Venteuse, Colica flatulenta 
 — c. Vegetale, Colic, metallic. 
 
 COLIQUBS, Pains (after.) 
 
 COLI'TIS, from k^xov, ' the colon,' and itis, 
 ' denoting inflammation ;' Coloni'tis, Enteri'tis 
 co'lica, (F.) Inflwrrmiation du colon. Inflamma- 
 tion of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of 
 the colon. The former is termed Serocoti'tis, 
 and Earocoli'tis ; the latter, End'ocolitis and Dy- 
 sentery, (q. V.) 
 
 COLIX, trochiscus. 
 
 COLLA PISCIUM, IphthyocoUa. 
 
 COLLAPSE, CoUapsus. , 
 
 COLLAP'SUS, Collapse, Conciden'tia ; — cot, 
 or cum, 'with,' and labors lapsus, 'to fall.' 
 (F.) Affaissement. A complete prostration of 
 strength, either at the commencement or in the 
 progress of a: disease. 
 
COLLAR-BONE 
 
 202 
 
 COLLUM 
 
 COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle. 
 
 COLLARD, DracoHtium, fcetidHtn — c. Cow, 
 Dracontium fcetidum — e. Polecat, Dracontium 
 foetidum. 
 
 COLLARIUM SALINUM, Halodetaeum., 
 
 COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'Us, from cum, 
 ' with,' and latus, ' side.' That which accom- 
 panie^s or proceeds by the side of anotfa^er. 
 , Collat'eeal Ak'teeies'of the^Aem, Arte'r- 
 ricR Collatera'les Bra'ekit,-{F .) Arteres .collate- 
 rgle^ du bras: They are give^ off by the bra- 
 chiai. Tiey are distinguished into, , 1. The 
 eotlateral — superior or exterfial {Granges tnus- 
 eulaires du bf as— ^Ch..) which arise from' the 
 inner part of the brachial, and extejid as 'far as 
 the inferior and external part of the arm. 2. 
 The cpHateral — inferior p^ internal {Collat^- 
 rale's du Coude — Ch;) which arise from the 
 brachial, near the elbow-joint, and descend 
 towards the upper part of the for*-arir|. ■ 
 
 The vessels .which, pass to the fingers and 
 toes are also called collateral. 
 
 Sneaking generally, eollaterat branches are 
 those which follow nearly the same course as 
 the vessel whence they emanate. 
 
 COL'LATERALIS,Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 COLLE-CHjSIR, Sarcocblla. 
 
 COLLE DE P07SSOiV,,Ichthyocolia. 
 
 COLLECTION, Gollec'tio, from colligere, 
 ' to .collect.' This word is often united to the' 
 epithet purulent, serotis, &c., to express^a ga- 
 ^AsWrag- of pus, serum, &'c. ^ 
 
 COLLESIS, Agglutination. 
 
 COLLETICUS, Agglutinant. ':' '• 
 
 COLLET'S DEPiLATORY,sesDepilatory. 
 
 COLLIC'1^. 'Drains to collect and- con- 
 vey away water.' See GouTTijiiEE. Union of 
 the ducts passing from the puncta lachrymalia. 
 CoUic"ice puncto'r^iTn/ lachry'ma'liwm, 
 
 COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALIS, 
 Corpora striata— 7 c. Nervorum optic'orum, 
 Thalami nervorum opticorum — c. Vaginae, 
 Nyniphae. 
 
 COLLlCULUS CAVE.*: POSTERIORIS 
 VENTRICULORUM LATERALIUM, Hip- 
 pocampus minor. 
 
 COLLIER, (F.) A collar. 'A name given 
 to certain eruptions which surround the neck 
 like a collar. 
 
 COLLIGAMEN, Ligament. 
 
 COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis. , ' 
 
 COLLINSO'NIA CANADEN'SIS, Bnrse- 
 weed. Horse balm, Itichweed, Richleaf, Heal- 
 all, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed, This in- 
 digenous plant is possessed of diuretic proper- 
 ties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil. 
 Infusion is the best form of administration. 
 The leaves in domestic practice are applied to 
 wounds and bruises. 
 
 COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqzieo, 
 {con and liqitere,) ' I melt.' The first rudi- 
 ments of an embryo. — Haiyey. 
 
 COLLIQUA'TION, Colliina'tio, EUqua'tio, 
 Syntex'is, Eetex'is, Solu'tion, Diasolu'tion. 
 The ancients meant, by this term, the progres- 
 sive diminution of tlv5 solid pjirts, with copious 
 excretion of liquids by one or'«Hiore passages. 
 They thought, that all the solids melted; and 
 that the liquids, and particularly the blood, lost 
 a portion of their density. 
 
 COLLIQ'UATIVE, ' ColliquaH'vus, Colli- 
 ques'eens, from colliqnescere, ' to grow liquid.' 
 (F.) Colliquatif. An epithet given to various 
 
 discharges, which produce rapid. exhanstioD. 
 Hence we say. Colliquative sweats, Coiliqua- 
 five diarrhfBOf he. ' . 
 
 COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative. 
 
 COLLISIO, Contusion. 
 
 COLLIX, Troohiscus. 
 
 COLLOPES, Glutinous. ' ' 
 
 COLLOID', Colh'i'desy from xoJJa, 'glue,' 
 and s((5ofj 'resemblance;' Cancer alveoia'ris, 
 Careino'ma alyeola'r^,, (F.) Cancex alviolaire — 
 cQelatiniforme, Gelatinous cancer. :. An epi- 
 thet applied to a product of morbid secretion, 
 resembling glue, or particles of jelly inlaid in 
 a regular alveolar bed.' The three species of 
 cancer or carcinoma sie,-^Ence]ih.aloidfSeir- 
 rhus, and Colloid. ^ , 
 
 COLLONE.'JMA, from xoHa, « glue.' A.pe- 
 Guliar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a re- 
 markably soft gelatiniform tissue, Which trem- 
 bles on being touched. — J. JVIiiller, 
 
 COLLOSTRUJVr, Coldstrum. 
 
 COLLOURION, Collyrjum. , 
 
 COLLUM, Cervix, Traehe'los, Avclten,(t.) 
 Col, Colt. The, part of tlje body situate be- 
 tween the, head and'chest.. Also, a part of an 
 organ resembling the. neck, as in the foUowiag 
 cases. ■ , , - ' 
 
 CoiiLUM Astkag'ali, Cervix Astrag'a^i,Neck 
 of the A-str'agalus, {? .) Col de Piistragale.^ A' 
 dtepression, which separates the anterior extre- 
 ' mity of the astragalus from its body. 
 
 CoLLUM Cos.ja'etjm, Cervix Costa'rum, Neck 
 of the Ribs^ (F.) Col d^s Cotes. The nairow 
 part- of the ' ribs, tetween the Ijead and tu- 
 bercle. . . '- 
 
 CoLLTJM Den'tium, Cervix DenMwm, ,Nfei 
 of the Teeth,. (F.) Col ou Collet des Pentf. 
 The part of the teeth between the corona and 
 fang, which is embraced by the. gum. 
 
 CoLLUM Fem'oeis, C&rvix Fem'a'ris, Negi 
 of the Thigh-bone,^V.) Col dii Fimur. The 
 long, na,rrow, and olifique portion of the os fe- 
 moris, 'vyhichi separates the head from the two 
 trochanters. 
 
 CoLLUM FiB'uLJE, Cervix Fib'ulx, Neck of 
 the'Fihula, (F.y Col du Ferone. Aslight nar- 
 rowness seated below the he^d or upper extre- 
 mity of the fibula. . \ 
 
 CoLLUM Hu'meei, Cervix Hiifmeri, Nee!; of 
 the Hu'merus. A circular, depressed portion, 
 which separates the. head of the os humeri ftom 
 its two tuberosities. Some surgeijns place the 
 neck below the tuberosities, no precipe line ef 
 demarcation indicating its extent. 
 
 CoLLum Mahdib^hlje vel Maxil'lb 'Infe- 
 eio'ris^ Cervix Mnndib' ulce seu Maxilla Infe- 
 rio'ris. Neck of the lower jaw, (F.) Col dr., 
 Vos maxillaire inferieure, A depression ob- 
 servable on each side of the lower ja-w, imme- 
 diately below the condyles. 
 
 CoLLUM OiasfTiPUM, Torticollis. 
 
 CoLtuM Ossis Magni vel Cap'ita'ti, Cervix 
 ossis mc^ni vel Capita'ti, Neck of the On^ 
 Magnum, (F.) Col dii grand Os, A circular 
 depression beneath the head of this bone of the 
 ■carpiis. 
 
 CoLLUM Ra'dii, Cervix Radii, Ned of thf 
 Raditis, (F.) Ooldu Radius. A narrow pop 
 tion of the radius, which supports the head of 
 the bone. 
 
 CoLLUM Scap'uljE, Cervix Srap'ula, Ntcl 
 of the S'ap'ula, (F.) Col de I'Omoplate. A 
 narrow portion'f observable below the glenoid 
 
COLLURIUM 
 
 203 
 
 COLOURS, ACCIDENTAL 
 
 cavity of the scapula, whicli seems to separate 
 it, as it were, from tile rest of the bone. 
 
 CoLLUM U'teei, Cervix XJ'teri, Ju^ulwm 
 Uteri, Neei of the Uterus, (F.) Col de la 
 Matrice. A narrowj cylindrical, and flattened 
 portion of the uterus, which terminates it infe- 
 riorly, and opens into the vagina hy the Os 
 Uteri or Os Tincce. Thip neek is perceptible 
 on examination per vaginam, until near the 
 end of utero-gestation. As the uterus enlarges, 
 however, it becomes shorter and. wider, so that 
 a manifest difference exists between its cond^- 
 tion at seven and nine months. 
 
 CoLLUM Vesi'ce, Cervix Vesi'ece', Neck of 
 the Bladder, (F;) Col de la Veasie. The an- 
 terior part of the base of the bladder, which re- 
 sembles the neclc of a bottle, and is continuous 
 with the urethra. 
 
 COLLURroM, CoUyriuifl. 
 
 COLLUTIO, Gargarism. 
 
 COLLUTQRIUM, from eolluere, 'to wash 
 out.' A njouth wash. 
 
 CoLLTjTOKiuM ADsmiNGENS, Mel boracis., 
 
 COLLU'VIES, from aolliio, 'I cleanse.'- Filth, 
 excrement. Discharge from an old ulcer. 
 
 CoLLUViES GastEica, Emharras gastrique, 
 
 COLLYR'IUM, Collu'rizim, Collu'rion, from 
 xaXum, 'I check,' and jsio, 'I flow,' or from 
 nohxa, 'gliiei' and oupa, 'tail;' (F.) Collyre. 
 The ancients designated, by this term, a solid 
 medicine, of a long, cylindrical shape; proper 
 to be introduced into the vagina, anus, or nos- 
 trils. Th^ arp said to-have given it this name 
 because it was shaped like a Rat's- Tail, and 
 because there entered into its composition, pow- 
 ders and glutinous matters.-^Celsus, Oribasius, 
 Scribonius Largus. At the present day, CoUy- 
 rium means an application to the eye. Some 
 are pulverulent and ■ dry, Opkth'almempas'ma, 
 Collyr'iwm, siccwm, but the greatest part are 
 liquid, Hygroeollyr'ia; and they receive dif- 
 ferent epithets,' as astringent, emollient, &c. 
 The term is now little more than synonymous 
 with Eye-water. CoUyria are generally ex- 
 temporaneous formulae. 
 
 CoLLYRiuM SiocuM, scB Collyrium-^c. Sic- 
 eum Alexandrinum, see Alexandrinfe. 
 
 COLOBO'MA, x.iMfiaifK', 'any thing trun- 
 cated or shortened.' A mutilated or maimed 
 OKgan. 
 
 Coloeo'ma IriIdis, Irido-colohoma* , A. con- 
 genital peculiarity of .the iris, consisting in a 
 fissure of its lower portion, and a consequent 
 prolongation of the iris to the margin of the 
 cornea. "^ " ' . ^ 
 
 COLOBOSIS, xiixo|?air,f. The act of curtail- 
 ing or mutilating ; mutilation. 
 
 COLOCHOLO'SIS, from .tmJtv, ' the. colon,' 
 and %oXri, ' bile.' Bilious iyae\AeTy, Dysenter'ia 
 biUo'sa. 
 
 COLOCYNTH, Gucumis colocynthis. 
 
 COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vul- 
 
 COLOMBO, Calumba. 
 
 COLON, C. Cactim, Monen'terum, Colum, 
 Intesti'mirri majus, I. cellula'tum, I. crassum 
 et plenuin, I. grandi, I. laxum. That portion 
 of the large intestines which extends from the 
 ceecum to the rectum. It is said to have been 
 so called from vmiTiov, 'hollow,' or from xtoi!u», 
 ' I arrest,' because the excrements are arrested, 
 for a considerable time, in its sacs, cel'lula. 
 The colon is usually divided into four portiws. 
 
 1. The right lumbar or ascending, Colon dex- 
 trum, situate in the, right lumbar region, and 
 commencing at the caecum. 2. Transverse 
 colon. Colon transver'sum, or transverse arch 
 of the colon, the portion of the colon which 
 crosses froqj the right to the left side, at the 
 upper part of t,he abdomen. 3. The left lumbar 
 or descending colon. Colon sinis'trum', extending 
 from the left part of the transverse arch, oppo- 
 site the outter portion of the left kidney, to the 
 corresponding iliac fossa. 4.' The Iliac colon 
 or Sigmoid' fiexure of the '.colon, (F.) Colon 
 iliaque ou iS. du colon, the portion of the intes- 
 tine which makes a double curvature in the 
 left iliac fossa, and ends in the rectum. 
 
 The muscular fibres, as in the caecum, are in 
 three flat stripes, Tce'nia seu Fas'eice Idga- 
 m^nto'sce. ^ , 
 
 Colon, Membrum— c. Inflammation of the. 
 Colitis. ■ 
 
 CoCoN, ToRPOE OF THE. A disease in which 
 the muscular coat of the colon acts with defi- 
 cient energy; giving occasion to distention of 
 the intestine, which, by pressing iipon other or- 
 gans, may interfere so much with their func- 
 tions, as to lead, to distressing gastric, cardiac 
 and other disorder. ' 
 
 COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery. 
 COLONNE, Columna— c. Vertelrale, Ver- 
 tebral column. ' 
 
 COJDONNES CHARNUES, Carneae co- 
 lumnae — c, Charnues du Caur, Columnae car- 
 neae. ' 
 
 COLOPHANE, Colophoiual. 
 COLOPHANY, Colophwhia. 
 COLOPHCNIAjSo callecj from Colophon, a 
 city of Ionia; ■ Phryctl, Frieta, Pix Grata, 
 Resi'n^ nigra, Colophany, Colophony^ Black 
 Rosin, Pitch, Bxovm Rosin, (F.) Cojophene, 
 Colophane, Arcanson, Brai sec. The black 
 resiuj which remains in the retort, after the 
 distillation, by, means of a' strong fire, of com- 
 mon turpentine. , It is used like the turpen- 
 tines in general, and in some pharmaceutical 
 preparations. , 
 
 COLOPHONY, Colophohia. 
 COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis. 
 COLOQUINTIDA, Cucumus colocynlMs. 
 COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlo- 
 rosis — c. Virginnm foedus. Chlorosis. 
 COLORECTITIS, Dysentery. - 
 COLOSTRA, Colostrum. 
 C03feQSTRATI0, Colostration. 
 COLOST^^'TION, Co?o«r^j'«jo. The dis- 
 eases of new-borii children, attributable to the 
 colostrum. 
 
 COLOS'TRUM, Colos'tra, Cellostrum, Co- 
 lus'trum,, Troph'alis, Protog'ala, Neogala, 
 Primwm Puer'peras lac, Pytia, Pyetia,^ {Biest- 
 ings or Beastings in the cow, &c.,) frond i«ilo», 
 'food,' (?) (F.) Si^iom. The first milk after 
 accoiichement. It contains more serum and 
 butter, and less caseum than common milk, and 
 seems to possess an evacuant property, Tvhich 
 renders it fit to aid in the expulsion of the me- 
 conium. Colostrum formerly meant an emul- 
 sion prepared of turpentine and yolk of egg. 
 COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia. 
 COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL, Opposite co- 
 lours, Complemen'tary waA Harmon'ic colours. 
 If the eye have been for some time regarding a 
 particular colour, the retina-becomes insensible 
 to this coilour ; and if, afterwards, it be turned 
 
COLPALfilA 
 
 S04 
 
 COLUTEA ARBORESCENS 
 
 to a sheet of white paper, the paper will not 
 seem to be white, hut will "be of the colour that 
 arises from the union of all .the rays of the so- 
 lar spectrum, except the one to which' the re- 
 tina has become insensible. Thus, if the eye 
 be directed for some time to a red, wafer, the 
 sheet of paper will seem to be of a bluish-green, 
 in a circular spot of the same dimensions as the 
 wafer. This bluish-^reen image -is called an 
 ac'ular spectrum, iecause it is impressed upon 
 the eye and may be retained for a short time ; 
 and-the coIomt' bluiah-green, is said to 'be the 
 accidental colour of the re^^. If this expeti^ 
 ment be made with wafers of different colours, 
 other accidental colours will be observed, vary- 
 ing with the colour of the wafer employed, as 
 in the following table : — 
 
 Colour of the Accidental colour, or colour of 
 
 Wafer. the ocular specirura. 
 
 Red. ...•..,. Bluish Oreen. 
 
 Orange , Blue. 
 
 Yellow Indigo. . 
 
 Green i ...• Violet with a little red. 
 
 Blue Orange red. 
 
 Indigo Orange-yellow. 
 
 Violet Yellow-green. 
 
 Black White. 
 
 White. Black. 
 
 If all the colours of the spectrum, be ranged 
 in a circle, in the proportions they hold in the 
 spectrum itself, the accidental colour of any 
 particular colour will be found directly oppo- 
 site. Hence, the two colours have been.termed 
 opposite colours. It will folio w from what has 
 been said, that if the prunary colour, or that to 
 which the eye has beeif first directed, be added 
 to the accidental colour, the result must he the 
 same impression as that produced by the unioi) 
 of all the rays of the spectrum — white light. 
 The accidental colour, in other words, is what 
 the primitive colour requires to make it white 
 light. The primitive and accidental colours 
 are, therefore, complements of each other; and 
 hence accidental colours have also been called 
 complementary colours. They have likewise 
 been termed harmonic, because the primitive 
 and its accidental colour harmonize w:ith each 
 other in painting. 
 
 COLPAL'GIA, from nowig, 'vagina,' and 
 u\y, ' pain.' Pain in the vagina. 
 
 COLPATRE'SIA,Kytra*re'Ma,fromx5;i;ri>s, 
 ' vagina,^ and otjijtos, ' without opening,' jj Jm- 
 perforation of the vagina. 
 
 COLPEMPHRAX'IS, froiji xoxn-of, ' vagina,' 
 and EjiqjgaSit, ' obstruction^ Obstruction of 
 the vagina by foreign bodies. 
 
 COLPEURYNTER, Speculum vagina. 
 
 COLPITIS, Colposis. 
 
 COLPOC'ACE, Mdaoti'tis gangrseno'sa, 
 Gangrc^na genita'lium et vagi'na. Putres- 
 cency or gangrene of the vagina and labia. 
 
 ColpogaceiInfanti'lis, ^daoti'tis gangree- 
 no' sa puella'rum, I^oma pvAendo'rum.. Gan- 
 grene or putrescency of the vagina atid genitals 
 in young children. 
 
 CoLPOCACE Puekpera'rum, Mdccoti'tis Gan- 
 grceno'sa puerpera'rvM,, Tocodomycodori'tis ma- 
 lig'na vagina'lis (Ritgen.) Sloughing of the 
 vagina and genitals in puerperal women. 
 
 COLPOCELE, Elytrocele. 
 
 COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA, from xoJnof, • va- 
 gina,' riviriit, ' bladder,' and T'/iij, ' incision.' 
 
 Sec'tio vagi'no-vesua! Us . Lithotomy through 
 thp vagina. - 
 
 COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from xolvo,, 
 'vagina,' iiirfwe, 'ligament,' and eaepij,."^ su- 
 ture? The removal 6f a part of the mucous 
 membrane of the vagina for the radical cure of 
 Prolipsus vaginae et uteri. 
 
 COLPCEDEMA, Elytroe'dema. ■ 
 
 COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vagina. 
 
 COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrha'gia, from 
 .xohTToc, ' vagina,' arid friyrv/x.i, ' I break forth.' 
 Discharge of blood from the vagina- , 
 
 COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
 
 COLPORRHEXTS, Rziptu'ra , vagi'na, from 
 xolmis, 'vagina,' and gijSit, 'rupture.' Rupture 
 of the vagina. Also, colporrhagia. 
 
 COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhcea. , 
 
 COLPOS, Sinus, Vagma. 
 
 COLPO'SIS, Inflammation of the. vagina. 
 Synonymous with Elytroi'tis, Elytri'tis, Co- 
 lei'tis, Colpi'tis. See Leucorrhcea. 
 
 COLPOSTEGNO'SIS, Coleostegno!sis, from 
 xs>.7ros, 'vagina,' and (rTtj-Kito, ' I'close.' Atre- 
 siaj or obliteration of the vagina. 
 
 COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis. 
 
 COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis. 
 
 COLPOT'OMY, Colpotom'id, from noxa-if, 
 ' vagina,' and tO|Ki;, ' incision? An incision of 
 the vagina in parturition. 
 
 COLT'S FOOT, Asarum Canadense, Tussi- 
 lago. 
 
 COL 'USER BERUS. .The systematic name 
 of the viperl Vi'pera, (F.) Couleiivre,'Vipere. 
 A poisonous reptile — ^the poison' lyinj; in small 
 sacs near its teeth- The flesh, is iflnoceni, and 
 -has been often taken in scrofula, and in cutane- 
 ous disorders in general, but it is iaefficaciofls. 
 
 COLUBRINA DRACONTIA, Arum dra- 
 cuncuhis — c.iLusitanica, Euphorbia capitati^r 
 c. Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria. -• ■ ' 
 
 COLUM, Colon. 
 
 COLUMBINE, AquiUgia vulgaris'. 
 
 COLUMBO, Calamba — c. American, see 
 Calumba — 'C. Marietta, see C'alnmba.- 
 
 COLFMELLA, Pillar, Uvula. 
 
 COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Cohnne. Alia- 
 tomists use this word for parts v^hich resemble 
 a column or pillar, (q. v.) 
 , CoLUMNA Adstans Inguinibtis, Penis— 0. 
 Dorsi, "Vertebral column — c. Oris, Uvula— c. 
 Spinalis, "Vertebral column — c. "Virginitatis, 
 Hymen^c. Foraminis ovalis, see Ovalis fossa 
 — c. "Valvulae Vieussenii, see Valvula Vieusse- 
 nii — c. Vertebralis, Vertebral column. . 
 
 COLUM'NjE CAR'NEiE, Colum'na Cordis^ 
 Lacer'ti vel Lacer'tuli vel Funes vel Fasciduli 
 te/etes Cordis, Trabes sen Trabec'utse Cordis, 
 (F.) Colonnes rharnues du eceur.' Small, fleshy 
 columns, which project, more or less, into the 
 auricles and) ventricles of the heart, whose use 
 appestrs to be to prevent too great dilatation of 
 those cavities. 
 
 CoLUMNiE CARNE.E of the Rcctuffl, 866 BBO- 
 
 tum. 
 
 Coi,tim'nje Nasi. The cartilaginous part, of 
 the septum of the nostrils. 
 
 COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel. 
 
 COLUMNS OF MORGAGNI on OF THE 
 RECTUM, see Rectum— c. of the Spinal Mar- 
 row, see Vertebral Nerves. 
 
 COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 COLUSTRUM, Colostrum. 
 
 COLU'TEA ARBORES'CENS, Bladder 
 
COLUVRINE DB VIRGINIE 
 
 305 
 
 COMMUNICANS 
 
 Senna, (F.) Baguenaudief, PoMX "Sine. 
 Fmn. LeguminolaB. Sea;. Syst. Diadelphia 
 Decandria. The leaves are slightly purgative, 
 and are often mixed with thos^ of the cassia 
 senna. 
 
 COLUVRINE DE VIRGINIE, Arkolo- 
 chia serpentaria. 
 
 COLYM'BADES, FicMed Olives. These, 
 When bruised and applied to a hurnt ^art, were 
 supposed to be able to prevent vesication.-^ 
 DiOscorides. 
 
 iCOMA, Semisim'iiis, Semisopi'tus, Semiso- 
 po'rus, Subeth, (Arab.) A profound state of 
 sleep, from which it is extrehiely difficult to 
 rouse the individual. It is a symptom which 
 occurs in many diseases. Two varieties are 
 distiilguishfid, 1; Com-a vigil. Coma agfyp- 
 vio^des. Pervigilium, VigU'iae nim'iae, 'Typho'- 
 ina, Veter'mis, . Vefemos'itas, Agrypnoco'ina, 
 Carut lethar'gus vigil, Typhoma'ma, (q. v.) 
 which is accompanied with delirium. The pa- 
 tient has his eyes closed, but opens them wheri 
 called i afid closes them again immediately. 
 This state is accompanied with considerable 
 restlessness. 3. Comt^So7mtolen^tum,'C. Co- 
 viato'des ; — in which the patient speaks -when 
 roused, but remains silent and- immovable in 
 the intervals. Coma is a deeper sleep than 
 sopor, but less so than lethargy and cams. 
 
 CoJiA, Capillus^— c' Agrypnodes, see Coma 
 — c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Csesarea, Plica 
 -^-c. Comatodes, see Coma-rC. Somnolentuin, 
 Somnolency, see Coma — c. Vigil, see Coma. 
 
 COMACON, Myristica mosch^ta. 
 
 COMAROS, Arbutus unedo. 
 
 CO'MATA, from hu/m. Diseases character- 
 ized by diminution of the powers of Voluntary 
 motion, with sleep or impaired state of the 
 senses.-^CuUen. 
 
 COMATEUX,Comatose. 
 
 COMATODES; Comatose. 
 
 COM'ATOSE, Comat'o'des, Garot'icui, Cif- 
 ro'des, (F.) Comateux. Relating to or resem- 
 bling coma: — as comatose sleep, comatose /«■ 
 ver, &c. 
 
 COMBUSTIBILITY, PRETERNATU- 
 RAL, Combustion, human. 
 
 COMBUSTIO, Bum— c. Spontanea, Com-, 
 bustion, human. 
 
 COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Sponta'neous 
 Comiut'tion, or Pretemat'ural Combusiibil'iiy , 
 Cataeau'sis, Tackencau'sis, Incen'dium. sponta'- 
 neum,, Combus'tio ^ponfa'nea, Autempresm'ns, 
 Cataeau'sis ebrio'sa, (F,)Co7n6ustionhumaine, 
 C. spantatiee. These terms have been applied 
 to the extraordinary phetiomenon of a rapid de- 
 struction of the human body, by being reduced 
 to ashes either spontaneously, or by the con- 
 tact of an ignited substance. It is said to have 
 always occurred in the aged, and in those that 
 were fat and hard drinkers. In such. Dr. Traill 
 has fdund a considerable quantity of oil in the 
 setuin of the blood. Vicq d'Azyr, Xair, and 
 Dupuytren think it necessary, that the body 
 should be placed in contact with an ignited 
 substance. Le Cat, Kopp, and Marc are of 
 opinion that this is not necessary. The former 
 appears to be the true view. 
 
 COMBUSTURA, Burn. 
 
 COMEDONES, see Acne. 
 
 COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarchl- 
 ater. 
 
 COMESTIBLE, (F.) Edu'lis, from come- 
 
 (?er«, ' to eat.' Eatable^ (F .) £dule. Esculent. 
 When this word is used substai\tivelyj in French 
 as in English, it means solid food. 
 
 COMEZ. Halfadrop.— puland. 
 
 COMFREY, Symphytum--c. Spotted, Pul- 
 monaria. 
 
 COMISTE, Aliment. 
 
 COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication. - 
 
 COMMEM'ORATIVE, Commemorati'vua, 
 frdm eommemorare, {con and melnor,) ' to' cause 
 to remember.' ■ That which reiialls, or rather 
 which "is recalled. 
 
 Commemorative Signs, (P.) Signes co7nm»- 
 moratifs. are those, deduded from circumstances 
 which have gone before ; or rather, according 
 to others, those which point out the preceding 
 condition ofthe patient. They are also called 
 Anam.nes'tic sigjis. 
 
 COMMENSUM, Symmetry., 
 
 COMMERCIUM, Sympathy.. 
 
 COMMI, Gummi. 
 
 COM'MINUTED, Cofnminu'tus, from com- 
 minueve, (con and »M.»4to,) 'to break to pieces.' 
 (F.) Co7H/min'Utif. A com/minuted fracture is 
 one in which the bone is broken into a number 
 of'pifeces. , 
 
 ■ OOMMINU'TION, Comminu'tio, Thrypsis, 
 Leip'sis. Same etymon. Fracture of a botie 
 into a number of pieces. 
 
 COMMISSURA, Articulation— c. Labio- 
 rum, Prostoniia— c. Magna cerebrij Corpus cal- 
 losum — c. Nervea, Syndesmosis — c. Ossium 
 carnea, Syssarcosis. 
 
 COMMISSU'RAL; same etymon as com- 
 inissure. Of or belonging to a commissure. 
 
 COM'MISSURE, Commissu'rd, Compa'ges, 
 Cpmpagina'tio, Sym'physis, Sym'bblg ; from 
 committo, (con and mitto,') ' I join together.^ 
 A point of union between two parts: thus, the 
 commissures of the eyelids, lips, &c., are the 
 angles, which they form at the place of union. 
 - Com'missueb, Ante'bioS, or the Brain, 
 Commiissu'raante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Commissure 
 arftirieure du cerveau. A small medullary fas- 
 ciculus, situate transversely at the antteriorpart 
 of the tiiird ventricle, and uniting the two 
 hemispheres. 
 
 ^ Commissure, Gi.EAT, of the Brain/ Com- 
 missu'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (F.) Grande com- 
 missure du cerveau, which unites the two hemi- 
 spheres for some extent, is the Corpus callo'- 
 
 SUT/l. 
 
 Commissure, Oblique or iNTERqEEEBRAn, 
 see Valvula Vieussenii — c. Optic, see Chias- 
 mus. 
 
 Commissure, Posterior, or the Brain. A 
 medullary band, situate at the posterior part of 
 the third or middle ventricle. 
 ■^Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament. 
 
 COMMISSURE DE LA CHORO'XDE, 
 Ciliary ligament. 
 
 COMMO'SIS, from xn^iwm, ' I adorn.' The 
 art of concealing natural deformities, as by 
 painting the face^ See, also. Propolis. 
 
 eOMMO^TICE, in the older writers, meant 
 the art of communicating factitious beauty to 
 a person — Painting the face; Coinopor'ia. 
 
 COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion— c. Cere- 
 bri, Concussion of the braiir. 
 
 COMMO TION, Concussion—cduCerveau, 
 Concussion of the brain. 
 
 COMMU'NICANS, from communis, ' com- 
 mon.' Conjun'gens. That which communi- 
 
COMPACT 
 
 306 
 
 COMPRESSION 
 
 cates or establishes a communication.. Com^ 
 mu'nieant. Tliere are ivro ArtericB-.Conmmni- 
 cnn'tes, both within the cranium^ — the one 
 anterior, very short, and extending transversely 
 from one anterior cerebral artery to the other, 
 — the other posterior, called also Com/Municans 
 Willis'ii, which p&sses from the internal carotid 
 to the posterior cerebral artery. It is a branch 
 of the basilary. ' 
 
 COMPACT, Compac'tus, from con and pdn- 
 gere, ' to strike, to fix.' Solid, close. (F.) 
 Compaete. The term Compact Tissue is given 
 to the hardest and closest pajts of bone. 
 
 COMPAGES, Articulation, Commissure — c. 
 Ossium per Lineam Simplicem, Harmony — c. 
 Vertebrarum, Vertebra} column. 
 
 COMPAGINATlO, Commissure. 
 
 CdMPAS n'&PAISSEUR, see Pelvime- 
 ter. ' 
 
 COMPASSIO, Sympathy. ' 
 
 COMPEBA, Piper cubeba. 
 
 COMPEPER, Piper cubteba. ■ 
 
 COMPERTNTIS; frorn con, and pema, 'a 
 gammon of bacon with the leg on.' One who 
 ias his knees turned inwards. A case of dis- 
 tortion of the legs. 
 
 COMPETENTIA MEMBRORUM OMNI- 
 UM, Symmetry, 
 
 COMPLETIO, Plethora. 
 
 COMPLEX, Complex'iis, from con, 'with;' 
 and plectert, 'to twist.' Embracing se^^eral 
 distinct things. Chaussier uses this term in 
 his anatomical descriptions for complicated. 
 
 COMPLEXIO, Coition, Complexion, Confu- 
 sio, Temperament. 
 
 COMPLEXION, Complediq. This is often 
 employed, in English, for the j colour of the 
 face, as " He has a good complexion," — a " sal- 
 Imt) egrfiplexion," &c. It formerly had a more 
 extensive signification, and still has in France. 
 It signifies the aggregate of physical characters 
 presented by any individual, considered with 
 respect to his external arrangement or condi- 
 tion. It means more than constitution, for 
 , whidh it is used synonymously in many cases; 
 and differs-from tev^erament, which is less the 
 external condition of the body than the. state or 
 disposition of the organs in health. — H. Clo- 
 quet. 
 
 COMPLEXUS, Complex. 
 
 CoMPLEXDS Minor, Mastoideus latera'lis, 
 Tracke'le-mastaideus, (F.) Trackelo-mastotdie^, 
 Muscle petit Complexus. It arises from the 
 Transverse processes of the last four cervical 
 vertebrce, and is inserted into the mastoid pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Complexus Mus'culus, Biven'ter Cervi'cis, 
 Complexus Major, Dorso-trachelon-occipital, 
 Trackelo-occipital (Ch.) (F.) Muscle grand 
 lomplexus.. A muscle, situate at the hind part 
 of the neck, where it extends from the interval 
 that separates the two prominent ridges on 1:}ie 
 posterior surface of the os occipitis to the trans- 
 verse and articular processes of the last six cer- 
 vical vertebrae, as well as to those of the first 
 five dorsal. It serves to straighten, incline, 
 and turn the head. 
 
 COMPLICATION, Complica'tio, from con, 
 ' -with,' and plicare, 'to fold.' In medicine, it 
 means the presence of several diseases, morbi 
 tomplica'ti seu perplex'i, or of several adventi- 
 tious circumstances foreign to the primary dis- 
 ease. 
 
 COMPOSIT'/ION, Composif'io, from eom- 
 ponere, {con and ponere, 'to place,') 'to place 
 together.' Syn'thesis. The act of composing 
 or compounding, — of medicines for example; la- 
 tndtosyntax'is* Also, the Compound, Compos'- 
 itum, or thing Corapou;ided. Likewise, a «^. 
 bination, 
 
 COMPOSITUM, Compound. . 
 
 TO COMPOUND. Same etymology; to 
 mix medicines. To mingle different ingre- 
 dients into one whole. Used adjectively, com- 
 pou>nd signifies the resillt of the^union of seve- 
 ral medicinal agents, as "a comppwiid medi- 
 cine." ' • ' , 
 
 COMPREHENSIO, Catalepsy. 
 
 COMPRENSI'O, Catalepsy. 
 
 COM'PRESS, Comprei'fOi Spleitium, Sple- 
 niola, Splenis'cus, Flfi'gula, Pinicil'lum, Pe- 
 nic'ultim, from comprimere, {con, and jpremsre, 
 ' to press,') ' to press together.' (F.) Compresse, 
 Folded pieces of lint or rag,' so contrived as, 
 by the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure 
 upon any part. According to their shape, di- 
 rection, and use, compresses have been called 
 long~{ (F.) Ipnguettes,) square {carries,} tri(m- 
 gular, prismatic^ gfaduuted (graduees,) split 
 (fendues,) fevMtrees, crihlees, croix de Malt^, 
 Oblique, circular, dividing {divisives,) uniting 
 (unisantes,) cribriform, (q. V.) &c 
 
 CpMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, 
 Compressor of Dupoytren — c. du. Nez, Com- 
 pressor nasi — c. de . la Prostate, Compressor 
 
 COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis. 
 
 COMPRES'SlON, Compresfsio, Ejerei'iis. 
 Same etymology. Pressure ; methodical com- 
 pression. An agent frequently had repourseto 
 in surgery. We compress a limb, afieeted 
 with adema, varices, hydrops artieuli,- callous 
 ulcer, &c. The abdomen is compresfei after 
 delivery, after paracentesis abdominis, &c. 
 The compression is produced by means of the 
 roller, laced stocking, &c,i according to the 
 part, and to the particular case. Moderate 
 pressure aids the contractility of parts, and ex-- 
 cites the action of the absorbents; so thatlafge 
 tumours at times disappear after it has beeB 
 used for some time. A greater degree of pres- 
 sure occasions, still more,' the emaciation of 
 the part, but it is apt to impede the circulation. 
 Pressure is often used to stop or moderate the 
 flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds 
 of arteries and veins. In such cases, the com- 
 pression may be immediate, when applied upon 
 the artery itself, or it may be mediate, when 
 applied through the'integuments and soft partp. 
 The French use the term Compression imme- 
 diate laterifle for that which is exerted per- 
 pendicularly to the axis of a vessel, so as to 
 flatten its sides. It is practised with the fin- 
 ger, forceps, tourniquet, compresses, &c. 
 
 COMPKES'SION OF THE BrAIN, Thls fflay, 
 
 arise either from coagula of blood, a soft tu- 
 mour, a bony excrescence, a depressed portion 
 of the skull, or the presence of some foreign 
 body. The effects vary, according as the com- 
 pression takes place suddenly or gradviaU'}- 
 When suddenly, the symptoms are of the co- 
 matose or apoplectic character. When gradu- 
 ally; mania, convulsions, &c., are more likely 
 to occur. Compressidn, arising from a de- 
 pressed! portion of skull, requires the use of the 
 trephine. 
 
COMPRESSIVE 
 
 307 
 
 CONCEPTUS 
 
 COMPRES'SIVE, Compressi'vus. That 
 which compresses. A compressive bdmlage is 
 one that'coinpresses the parts to which it is ap- 
 plied. 
 
 COMPRES'SOR OR COMPRESSO'RIUM 
 OF DUPUYTREN, (F.) C6mpresseur de Du- 
 jmytren. An instrument for compressing the 
 femoral artery, invented' by Dupuytren. It is 
 constructed on the same'principlea'as the tour- 
 niquet of J. L. Petit, from whicji it only differs 
 in this respect; — that, instead Of being main- 
 tained in, its place by a strap, which always 
 compresses more or less the circumference of 
 the limb, the two pads are placed at the extre^ 
 mities of a semicircle of steel; which, by' pass 
 ing from one to the other without touching the 
 parts, limits the pressure to two opposite points 
 of the thigh, and perniits the collateral circula- 
 tion to go on. ** 
 
 OoMPKESs'oK Naeis, Rence'us, Nasa'lis, 
 Trinsinrsa'lis Nasi, Myrti/orm'is, Dilatato'- 
 les ala'rtimnasi, Constric'tor Niisi, C. Na'Tiwm, 
 C. Nat-is, Triangula'ris Nasi, (F,) MaaAllo- 
 narinal, Susm'axillo-nasal,' — (Oh.^) Compres- 
 seur de nez. Transversal dii nex. A muscle, 
 situate at the sides of- the nose; flat and trian- 
 gular. It arises from the inner part of the 
 foSsa canina, and passes to the dorsum of the 
 nosei where it is confounded ^ith that of the 
 opposite side^ 
 
 CoMPKESSOR OR GoKSTRICTOR OF NuCK. An 
 
 instruihent for compressing the urethra, to ob- 
 viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a 
 girdle of iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to 
 which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that 
 compresses the urethra in peritlcco. 
 
 Compressor Pros'tat^, Prostal^ieus supe'- 
 rior, Pubio-prostat'.icus, SubrpuHn-prostat'icus, 
 (F.) Compresseur de la prostate. A muscle, 
 admitted by ALBiNtrs, which is formed of the 
 anterior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace 
 the prostate. It is the Prostat'icus supe'rior of 
 
 WiNSLOW. 
 
 Compues'sorUre'the;e. A muscle consist- 
 ing of two portions — one of which is transverse 
 in its direction, and, in consequence of its having 
 been particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, 
 has been called Guthrie'^s muscle. It arises 
 from the ramus of the ischium, and passes in- 
 wards to embrace 'the menibranous urethra. 
 The oth^r portion is perpendicular, descending 
 from the pubis and passing down to be inserted 
 into the transverse portion of the muscle. This 
 portion has been considered by many to be only 
 the anterior fibres of the levator ani ; and having 
 been described by Mr. Wilson, it has been 
 called Wilson's viuecl^.- 
 
 CoMPREssoR Ven^ Dorsa'eis Penis. A small 
 muscle, distinctly seen in animals; less distinctly 
 in man, which arises from the ramus of the 
 pubis, and ascending in a direction forwards is 
 inserted above the Vena dorsaiis, joining with 
 its fellow of the opposite side on the mesial 
 line. Its' use is supposed to compress the vein 
 in erection. It is sometimes called the muscle 
 of Houston, after Ijr. Houston of Dublin. 
 
 COMPRESSORIUl^, Compressor. 
 
 COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA, Liqui- 
 4a/ni'bar peregri'na, L. asplenifo'lia, iH^yolca as- 
 plenifo'lia. Sweet Fern, Shruhhy Sweet Fern, 
 Sweet hush, Fern bush^ Fern gale, ^plednwort 
 hush. Meadow fern. Astringent root. An in- 
 digenous shrubby plant, which grows in sandy 
 
 or stony woods from New England to Virginia. 
 It possesses tonic and astringent properties, and 
 is used as a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, &c., 
 in the form of decoction. ' ' 
 
 COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing. 
 CON^STHESIS, CcensESthesis. 
 GONARIUM, Pineal gland. 
 CON ATUS, Effort. 
 eONCARNA'PiO, Syss^rcosis. 
 CONCASSER,(F.) from coiiquassare, {eon, 
 aiii quassare, «tO shake much,') 'to break to 
 pieces;' 'to comminute.' To reduce roots, 
 woods, &c<i into small fragments, in order that 
 their active principles maybe more readily se- 
 parated from them. 
 
 CONCAU'SA, . Concaus'saf ■ Syna'tion. A 
 cause which co-operatfes "with another^ in the 
 production of disease. 
 
 CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CERE- 
 BRI, Infundibulum of the hrain. ' 
 CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole, i 
 CONCENTR A-N'TIA, from con and centrum, 
 'a centre.' A name once given to absorbents 
 of acids. 
 
 CONC ENTRA'TION, Concentra'tio. A 
 word sometimes used; in medical theories, to 
 express an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of 
 sensibility or of vital force, towards an organ. 
 It is appUed, also, to the pulsation of arteries, 
 when not easily felt under the finger. 
 
 FOULS CONCE'NTRA, (^.) A term ap- 
 plied by the French to, a pulse of the above' 
 
 CONCEPT ACULA SEMINARIA, Vesi- 
 culae seminariae. , ' 
 
 CONCliPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel. 
 
 CONCEPTIO, Conception— Ci yitiosa. Preg- 
 nancy, extra-uterine. 
 
 CONCEP'TION, Cpncep'tio, Concep'tus, 
 Cye'sis, Aiidrolep'sia, from tojfcipio, {con and 
 capio,) 'I conceive.' The impregnation of 
 the ovum by the positive contact of the male 
 sperm, whence results a new being. - In 
 order that conception may take place, it is 
 necessary that there should be a uterus, and 
 that the fertiaje should be capable of menstru- 
 ating in a healthy manner. , There is every rea- 
 son, also, to believe that, occasionally, the male 
 sperm is not fecundating; but of this we know 
 little. The whole subject of conception is 
 most mysterious. It seems to occur as fol- 
 lows. During the sexual union, the male 
 sperm passes along the uterus and Fallopian 
 tubes : the fimbriated extremities of the latter 
 seize hold of the ovarium : and the sperm in this 
 manner comes in contact with a maturated ovum, 
 and impregnates it. The fecundated ovum re- 
 mains some time in the ovarium, but at length 
 bursts its covering, is laid hold of by the fimbri- 
 ated extremity of the Fallopian tube, and passes 
 along the tube into the cavity of the uterus, 
 where it remains for the full period of utero- 
 gestation. Some are of opinion, that the ovum 
 is not impregnated until it has entered the Fal- 
 lopian tubes, or uterus. 
 
 Concep'tion, False, Falsus Concep'tus, 
 Spu'riumgerTtien, (F.) Fausse conceptio'fi. Faux 
 germe. An irregular, preternatural conception, 
 the result of which is a mole or some similar 
 production, instead of a propetly organized 
 foetus. See Mole. ' 
 
 CONCEP'TUS. The first rudiments of the 
 foetus, after conception. Also, conception. 
 
CONCHA 
 
 308 
 
 CONDOM 
 
 ConoeptusFalsus, Conception, false. 
 
 CONCHA, Conchvs. A liquid measure, 
 ahiongst the Athenians, equal to half an ounce. 
 Anatomists apply this terip to several hollow 
 parts of the body; — as the Concha of the Ear, 
 — Concha Muris, Concha auric'idce; ■ (F.) 
 Conque — ^the hollow part of the cartilage of the 
 external ear. It has, also, been applied to the 
 genital organs of the female; to the patella, &c. 
 
 Concha, Patella, Turbinated bqne, (middle,) 
 Vulva::— c.. Auris interna, Cothlea — c. Cerebri, 
 Ihfundibuium of the brain^^c. Genu, Pa,tella--i- 
 c. Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) — c. 
 Labyrinthi, Cochlea — c. Morgagniana, Turbi- 
 nated boiie, (superior)— c. Narium superior. 
 Turbinated bone, (superior.) - 
 
 CONCiIjE NARITJM, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CONCHA'RUM ANTIFEBRI'LE. A fe- 
 brifuge and sudorific preparation in Bates^'S 
 Fharmacopaiia. It was composed of vinegar, 
 mussel-shells, and vyater of Carduus benedictus. 
 
 CONCHO-HELIX. A small, fleshy, fasci- 
 culus,- attached to the concha of the ear and 
 helix: It is also called the sirtall muscle of the 
 
 CONCHUS, CoKrAa. The cranium, (q. Vi) 
 In the plural, it means the orbitar cavities. — 
 Castelli. ; 
 
 CoNCHus OcuLi, Orbit. 
 
 C<JNCHYLIA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CONCIDENTIA, Collapse. 
 
 CONCIL'IUM. a millcy-plant, referred to 
 by piiny as .aphrodisiac and antiphthisical. 
 Adanson considers it to be a Oam,panula, , 
 
 bONCOC'TED, Concoc'tus, Matura'tus,Pe- 
 pet'rus; from co?t and cogMerfi,^to boil.' Brought 
 to maturity; jipe; concocted; digested., 
 
 CONCOCTIO.Coction—c.Tairda, Dyspepsia. 
 
 CONCOCTION, Coction. 
 
 OONCOMBRE ORDINAIRE, Cucamis 
 sativus — c. .Sauvage, Momordica_elaterium. 
 
 CONCOMITANS, Concomitant. 
 
 CONCOMITANT, Concpm'itani, from eon 
 and coihitare, (itseif irora comire, — cUm and 
 ire,) 'to go with.' That which accoinpanies. 
 A symptom whjch accompanies others. 
 
 CONCREMATiO, Calcination. 
 
 CONCREMENTA ZOOHYLICA, see Zoo- 
 hylas. 
 
 CONCREMENTTJM, Poncretion. 
 
 CONCRETIO, Adherence, Concretion— c. 
 Palpebrarum cum bulbo oculi, Symblepharosis. 
 
 CONCRE'TION, Concre'tio, Concremen'tum, 
 from concrescere, {coji, and crescere,)'' to con- 
 dense, thicken, become solid:' Pexis, Sympex'- 
 is, 3-»(?ic, oufirijSif. The act of becoming thick 
 or solid. It was once used synonymously with 
 adhesion or growing together, — as, "concretion 
 of the toes.". Most commonly, it is applied to 
 extraneous and inorganic bodies, of a solid cha- 
 racter, met with in diflferent textures, after, cer- 
 tain chronic inflammations ; or which make their 
 appearance in the joints or in the reservoirs for 
 excrementitial fluids. Concretion is, therefore, 
 frequently synonymous with Calculus, and is 
 thep rendered, in Latin, by the word Concre- 
 mentjtm. But Concretion has a more extensive 
 signification than Calculus ; thus, accidental os- 
 sifications or deposits of phosphate of lime in 
 certain organs, and especially in the liver and 
 lungs, are properly called osseous concretions. 
 They could not well be called osseous calculi. 
 
 CoMCEETioN, Fibhinous, Sanguineous, Po- 
 
 LYPiFORM or Polypus, of the Heaet, see Vo- 
 lypus.-^o. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach 
 and Intestines. 
 
 CONCRETIONES ALAaN^E, Calculi of 
 the stomach and intestines.' 
 
 CGNCUBITUS, Coitiqn— e. Venereus, Coi- , 
 tion. 
 
 CONCUK'SUS, from concurrere, (cok,, and 
 currere, cur sum, ' to run,-i) ' to meet together,' 
 Syn'dromi (q. v.) , The congeries or collec- 
 tion of symptoms, *hich constitute and distin- 
 guish a particular disease.' 
 
 CONCUS'SIONi Qommo'tion,{iom eoncuiio, 
 (con, a.nd,guatere,''to shake,') 'I stake together.' 
 C&ncus'sio, Thlnsma Conbus'sio, Commo'tio, 
 Anasis'mus, Tinagrnus, (F.)-Com/moti6?i.- In 
 Surgery f it is, used for the agitation often com- 
 municated to ofte organ by a fall upon another ; 
 as to thebrain from a fall on the breech, &c. 
 
 Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Cer'- 
 dhri, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa traumat'iea, Ence- 
 phalosis'mus,' '(F.) Commotion du C'hveau, 
 sometimes gives rise to- alarming symptoms, 
 even to abolition of the functi|Ons of the braiij, 
 yet without any sensible organic disease. Slight 
 concussion oi the brain, called stunning,-con- 
 sists in vertigo, tinnitus aurium, loss of memory, 
 and stupefaction ; all these being temporary. 
 When more, severe, there is instant loss of sen- 
 sation and volitiun, vomiting, the patient being 
 as if in a sound sleep, but_.there is no stertoroas 
 breathing. Pulse • variable, generally more 
 rapid and feeble than in compression; extremi- 
 ties cold. Little can bedone here, till reaction 
 has occurred : after ,this, the case must be treated 
 according to general principles, — ^by bleeding, 
 blisters, cold applied to the head, &c. After 
 severe concussion,apatient,althoughapparently 
 well, is not safe' till some time after the acci- 
 dent. 
 
 CONDENSAN'TIA, from con, and den.ms, 
 'dense;' Incrassan'tia. Medicine^ esteemed 
 proper for inspissating the humours. 
 
 CONDENSATIQ, Condensation, Stegnosia. 
 
 CONDENSA'TION,Oo»(^erara'«io,7M-jpHia'- 
 tio. Increase in density of the blood and other 
 liquids, or of the solids, ivyhich enter into the 
 composition of the human body. 
 
 CON'DIMENT, ^Condim^n'tum, Ar'tyma, 
 Hedys'ma, Conditu'ra, from condire, 'to sea- 
 son.' ('^.)Assaissonnement. Some substances 
 are called, at times, aliments, and at others, 
 condiTnents , zx,cox&D.% as they constitute the 
 basis or the accessory to any dish : such are 
 cream, butter, mushroooms, olives, &c. Oth- 
 ers are always, condiments, as they are only 
 used to improve the savour of food, and contain 
 but little nutritive matter. Such are pepper, 
 salt, cinnamon, &c. Almost all condiments 
 are possessed of stimulant properties. 
 
 CONDIT, Confection. 
 
 CONDI'TUM, same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
 tical conipound of wine, honey, and s6me aro- 
 matics, especially pepper. Also, a confection. 
 
 CONDITURA C AD AVERUM, Embalming. 
 
 CONDOM, Armour, (F.) Baudruche, Bedin- 
 gote Anglaise, Gant des Dames, Calotte d as- 
 surance. The intestinum CEccum of a sheep, 
 soaked for some hours in water, turned inside 
 out, macerated again in weak, alkaline ley,— 
 changed every twelve hours; — and scraped care- 
 fully to, abstract the mucous membrane, leaving 
 the peritoneal and muscular coats exposed to 
 
CONDUCTIO 
 
 209 
 
 CONFECTIO 
 
 the vapour of burning lirimstone, and afterwards 
 washed with soap and water. It is then bio wii 
 up, dried, cut to the length of 7 or 8 inches, 
 Md bordered at the open end with a riband. 
 It is drawn over the penis prior to coition, to 
 prevent venereal infection, ahd pregnanpy. 
 CONDUCTib, Tonic spasm, Convulsion. 
 CONDUCTION, .VIBRATIONS OK, see 
 Sound. 
 
 CONDUCTOR, Direc'tor, Itine,ra'Hum„ 
 (F.) Conducfeuri fxpra con, 'with,' and V«- 
 cere, 'to lead.' That which conducts. The 
 Conductor was an. instrument, formerly used 
 in the high operation for the stoiie, for directing 
 the forceps into the bladder. 
 
 CONDUIT, Canal— c. Audiiif exteme. Au- 
 ditory canal, External — c. AuMiif interne. Au- 
 ditory canal, internal — c. Auriculaire, Auditory 
 canal, external — o. ChoUdoque, CholedocMuct 
 — a Deferent, Deferens vas — «. d\Eusiache, 
 Eustachian tube — c. Guttitrale de o?-ei&, 'Eusta- 
 chian tube — c. Lcbhyri^thiqiie, Auditory canai^ 
 internal — o. Fterygoidien, JPterygoid canal — c. 
 SousorHtaire, Suborbitar canal' — o. Spirma- 
 tique. Deferens (vas) — c. Th'oracique, Thoracic 
 duct — c. Vidien, Pterygoid canal. 
 
 CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals— c. 
 Aqumix, see Aqueous^ — c. Aveugles de I'ur^- 
 thre,\see Csecus — c. Dentaires, Dental canals 
 — c, Mjaeulatetiia; Ejaculatory ducts — c. Lacry- 
 maux. Lachrymal &ac\s-^c.:tjactifeii^s. Lacti- 
 ferous vessels-^o. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri- 
 tive — c. Nutriciera, Canals nutritive. 
 
 CONDYLARTHRO'felS, from z=r,?uioc, 'a 
 condyle,' and agSQar, 'a jcJint.' - Articulation 
 by condyles. An elongated head or condyle, 
 received into an elliptical cavity^ 
 
 CON'D^LE, Con'dyle, Con'dylus, _Capit'- 
 nlum, from xsj-Suxcs, 'a knot, eminence.'' An 
 articular eminence, round in one direction, flat 
 in the other. ■ A. .'kind of process, met with 
 more paiticiilarly in the ginglymoid joints ; — 
 such as the condyles of the occipital, inferior 
 maxillary bone, &c.- Some anatomists have 
 applied the term, however, to emijnences that 
 are not articular, — as to the lateral tuberosities 
 at the inferior extremity of the os hivmeri, and 
 even to certain^depressious, — as to the concave 
 articular surfaces' ot. faces at the uj)per extre- 
 mity of the tibia. Chanssier calls the trans- 
 verse root of the zygomatic procis Condyle 
 of the temporal bone, 
 
 CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. ' - 
 . CONDYL'IUS, Condyloid. , 
 CON'DYLOip, CondyltiVdeus, Condylo'des, 
 Condyl'iu^, from xorSuldi, a 'condyle,' and 
 fiSoc, 'shape.' Having the shape of a condyle. 
 Condyloid Foeam'ina, Foraim'ina Condyloi- 
 defl, CF.yTrous condylo'idiens, Fosses condylo'i- 
 diennes. These are -distinguished into anterior 
 and posterior. They are four in nuniber, seated 
 in, the occipital bone; — ^two anterior, and- two 
 poster joi:. to the condyles or coAdyloid processes 
 of the same bone, and to depressions, which are 
 cdXiei. Fossse Condyloidese, 
 
 As the word Condyloidien means — "that 
 which has the shape of a condyle,." — jt has been 
 judiciously proposed by some French anato- 
 mists that cQndylien should be used in prefer- 
 ence, in the case of the foramina and fossas.' 
 
 CONDYLO'MA, Condylo'sis, Con'dylus, 
 Verru'ca carno'sa, from xovS_u\asi 'a knot,' 'an 
 
 eminence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence,, of an 
 indolent character, which appe; rs near the ori- 
 fice of the genital organs and rectum, ahd occa- 
 sionally on the fingers ahd toes. , It is, a con- 
 sequence of the syphilitic virus., Such tumours 
 are also called Derrnophy'mata vene'rea. 
 ' CONDYLOSIS, Condyloma. 
 CONDYLUS, Condyloma. 
 , : CONESSl CORTEX, Nerium antidysenteri- 
 ciim. 
 
 CONFEC'TIO, Oonfee'tion, from confi'do, 
 (^con,'3.nA facere, 'to make.') 'I make up.' 
 Alig'iilus, (F.) Confiture, Gondii. In general 
 it means any thing made up or preserved with 
 sngar< In the late London Pharmacoposias, it 
 includes the articles before called electuaries 
 and conserves. Confec'tio or Confee'tum als* 
 means Confectionary'. 
 
 CoNFScTio Alkehmes, Alkermes. 
 CoMFECTio AMYGa)ALA'RUM, Almond Confec- 
 tions Almond Paste, Pasta re'gia, P.Amygdfi- 
 li'na. Pasta Emulsi'va, Buty'rum Alnygdala'- 
 rttm Dul'td-um, (F.) Confection d'Amandes, 
 (Sweet almonds ^ j, gum acacia gj, wkite sugar 
 giv. Blanch the ailments, and beat into a^paste.) 
 A good mode of keeping almonds in a state iSt 
 for making ernulsions. 
 
 CoHFECTib Aechig"ehi, C. Pauli'na. {Cas- 
 tor, Ipng pepper, bla£& pepper, storax,galh(mum, 
 costus,opiitm,, of eacfr^ss, sajfmrt J^ij, syrup of 
 wotrmwood gij.) It was mUch recommended as 
 a stimulant in nervous affections. 
 
 CoNFEGTio Aromat'icAj Electvi/rivm Are- 
 maViciim, C. Cardi'aca, C. Raleigha'na, Jiro- 
 malic Confection. Sir Walter Raleigh's Cordiul. 
 The following is the Ph. U. S. formula. (Pulir, 
 aromat. §vss., croci, in pulv.„^ss. syrup aurant. 
 gvj., Mel. despumat. gij. Rub the aromatic 
 powder with the saffron; then add the syrnp 
 and honey, and beat together until thoroughly 
 mixed.) Dose, Qj to 3j. 
 
 (yONFECTio Aurantio'rdM, C-AvTOn'tu Cor'- 
 -ticis (Ph. V. S.), Conser'vd Cor'ticum Aurun- 
 tic/rum, C. Cor' lids Exterio'ris .^uiantii Hispa- 
 len'sis, O. Flavcd'inis Cortieum Aurnntiorum 
 Hispalen,'sium, Canser'va Aurantii, C. Citri 
 Jluruntii, Confection of the Orange, Conserve of 
 Orange Feel ( Yelloio pari of the peel of the 
 orange Ibj , rertijied stigar ffiiij, beat into a con- 
 serve.) It is stomachic, and an agreeable ve- 
 hicle, corrigent,-and adjuvant for other reme- 
 dies. Dose, ^ss. 
 Confeotio-Caediaca, Confectio aromatica. 
 CowFECTio Cas'si^e, Electva'rivm Cas,si(e 
 Fis'tuJse, E. Cassiss, E. e Cassia; E. laxati'vum, 
 Conserva Cussise, Eleduarium Cassi(B4amarin- 
 da'tvm seu leniii'vum, Eleciua'rium e Gossi&, Di- 
 acas'sia cum MannS,, Cassia Confection. (Cassia 
 pulp I6ss,««rah« gij, tamarind pulp f,], syrlip 
 of roses jls&. Bruise the manna, dissolve by 
 heat, mix the pulp, and evaporate.) It is gently 
 laxative. Dose, _f ss. 
 CoN.FECTio Damooratis, Mithridate. , 
 .CoMFECTip Hamec;— tSo Called from an Ara- 
 bian' physician, — was composed of the bark of 
 the yellow myrohalans^ hlacU m^yrohalans, vio- 
 lets, palp of colocyrith, polypodium ' of ' the 
 og-k, leaves of wormwood', thyme, aniseed, ferL- 
 n&l,. red roses,' pulps of prttnes, raisins, sugar, 
 honey, senna, rhhiba/rb, &c. It was used as a 
 purgative in glysters. 
 
 C'oNFEQTio Htacin'thi, Sy'ocinih Confec- 
 tion, Electua'ritim seu Confec'tio de Ci opo emen- 
 
CONFECTIO OPII 
 
 210 
 
 CONFRICATRIX 
 
 da'ta olim dicta de hyacin'tkis. (P.) A tonic 
 and slightly astiipgent. confection, composed, 
 according to Baum6, of terra sigillata, crab's 
 stones, cinnamon, leaves of the dittany of-Crete, 
 myrrh, saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Nar- 
 bonne' honey, oil of lem^n, &c.: and formferly 
 the hyacinth was added, whence its name. 
 
 CoNFECTio O'pii, Eleetzia'rium Opia'tiim, 
 Confectio O'pia'ta, Philo'niwm Londinen/sS, 
 Theriaca Edinen's'is, Fhilo'nium Koma'mtm, 
 Opium Confection, Electlta'rium Theha'icwm, 
 (Sard opium in powder, !^ivss; Pulv. aromat. 
 ,5vj ; Mel. despumat. §xiv ; mix thoroughly. 
 One grain of opiuin in 36: — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 narcotic arid stimulant. Dose, gr. x to 9j. 
 
 GoNFEOTio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — 
 c. ex. Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium. 
 
 Confectio Pip'eris Nigei, Ward's Paste^for 
 Fist^ula,- ■ (Slack pepper, elecampane root, each 
 Rj, fennel seed Ibiij, white sugar H>ij.) Dose, 
 size of a nutmeg, three or four times a day. 
 
 Confectio Raleighana, Coiifectio aroma- 
 tica. 
 
 Confectio Rosa Cani'n* {Xj."), Conse/va 
 Rosiz Cani'n€c,ConservaCynos*bati, CCytior'- 
 rhodi, Rob Cynos'batos, Confectiooi or Conserve 
 of Dog Rose. ( Pulp of do.^ rose Bj, sugar .5xx. 
 Incorporate.) It is chiefly used as a vehicle 
 for other remedies. 
 
 Confectio Ros^ Gal'lic;e (1^.), Conser'va 
 RoscB Gal'liea, Conserva Rosc^, C. Florum 
 Rosa'rum Rubra'rum, C. Riorum Rosa R-ubrce, 
 Rhodosac'chatum, Sac' charwfn Rosa'ceum, C. 
 Rosa Ruhras, Confection of the Red, Rose. 
 (Petals Ibj, «?4g-arBiij.) In the Pharmacopoeia 
 of the United States, (1849,) the donfectio Rosas 
 is directed to be prepared as . follows. Red 
 Roses, in powder, ,^iv ; Sugar, in powder, ,?xxx; 
 Clarified honey, ^vy, _^Ro.ie water, f. ,^viij. 
 Rub the roses with the rose water at a boiling 
 heat; then add gradually the sugar and honey, 
 and beat until thoroughly mixed. It is astrin- 
 gent, and chiefly used as a vehicle for other re- 
 medies. 
 
 Confectio Rut^, Confection of Rue. (Rue 
 leaves dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of 
 each 3iiss, sagapenum J^iv, black pepper J^ij, 
 honey .^xvj. Mix.) It is given in clysters, as 
 an antispasmodic and carminative. 
 
 Confectio de Saw'talis, Confection of the 
 Sanders, (F.) Confection de Sandaux. (jSaw.- 
 dal taood, red coral, bole artneniac, terra sigil- 
 lata, kermes berries, tormentil root, dittany, saf- 
 fron, myrtle, red ' roses, calcined hartshorn, 
 cloves.) It was formerly used as an astringent. 
 
 Confectio Scammo'ni^, Electua' ritim, Scam- 
 mo'nii, Elect7iarium_ e Sca/m/mo'nio, Caryocosti- 
 num, Confection of Scam'mony, (Powdered 
 scammony §iss, briiised cloves, powdered gin- 
 ger, as gvj, oil of carraway Jss, syrup of roses, 
 q. s.) A stimulating cathartic. Dosfej'gss to 
 
 Confectio Senn;e, Electua'rium Cassia Sen- 
 na, E, Senna cum Pulpis, E. Senna compos'- 
 ttuTn, Benedic'tum Laxati'vum, Electuarium. 
 ape riens, E. cathol'icum coTnmu'ni, E. diapru'- 
 num, E. eceoprot'icum, Elect. Senna, E. e Senna, 
 E. leniti'vum. Confection of Senna, &c. (Senna 
 l^aves^viijjfigsfbj, tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, 
 pulp of French pr^tnes, each ftss, coriander seed 
 .^iv, liquorice root ,^iij, sugar BsiisS, water Oiv. 
 Rub the senna and coriander together: sepa- 
 rate 10 ounces of the powder with a sieve. 
 
 Boil the residue with the figs and liquorice 
 root in the water to one half; press out the 
 liquor and strain. Evaporate the liquor by 
 means of a water bath to a pint and a half; 
 add the sugar, and form a syrup. Rub the pulps 
 with the syrup-, gradually added; .throw in tfie 
 sifted powder, and beat till thoroughly mixed— 
 Ph. U. S.) It is a laxative, and is used in ha- 
 bitual constipation, and in constipatidn during 
 pregnancy. Dose gss to .^ss.. 
 
 Confectio de Thtire, Prank'incejise Confec- 
 tion, (F.) Confection d'Encens. A compound 
 of coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, 
 m,astich, cubehs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of 
 red roses, sugar, &c. ' ' 
 
 CONFECTION,- Confectio— c^ d'Amandts, 
 Confection^ almdnd — c. d'Encens', Confectio de 
 Thure^c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure— 
 c. of theOrange, Confectio aurantiorum — c. of 
 the Red rose, Confectio rosae GalJicae-rC. of Rue, 
 Confectio rut^ — c. de Sandaux, Confectio de san- 
 talis-^c. of the Sanders, Confectio de santalia. 
 
 CONFECTU'M, Confection. 
 
 CONFERVA HELMINTH0C0RT6S, 
 Corallina CorsiCana. 
 
 Confee'va Riva'lis. This species of UtW 
 Weed_ has been recommended in cases of spas- 
 modic asthma, phthisis, &c. 
 - CONFIRMANTIA, Tonics. 
 
 CONFIRMED, Consummatus. 
 
 CONFITURE, Confection. 
 ■ CON'FLUENT, Con'fluens, from con, and 
 fluere, ' to flow.' An epithet for certain exan- 
 thematous affections, in which the pimples, pus- 
 tules, &c., run together. It is particularly Ap- 
 plied to small-pox, so circumstanced. SpiSe 
 authors have called scarlatina or scarlet fever 
 Confluent' Me ashe, Morbil'U Confiuen'tes. 
 
 CONFLUENT DES S12VT7S,Torcul3rHe- 
 rophili. . ■ 
 
 CONFLUEN'MA, Confadera'tio ; same ety- 
 mon as Confluent. A term, employed by Para- 
 celsus to express the concordance between a 
 disease and its remedies. 
 
 CONFLUXIO, Sympathy. ' 
 
 CONFCEDERAtiO, Confluentia. 
 
 CONFORMATIO, Confirmation, Structnre, 
 
 CONFORM A'TION, Cinforma'tio, Diap'la- 
 sis, Jbiaplas'mus, Structure, from conforwarPj 
 (con. axiiformare, 'to form,') 'to arrange," dis- 
 pose.' The natural disposition or arrangement 
 of the body. _ , 
 
 Faulty conformation, (Fi) Vice de eonfartm- 
 tion, is vice of original formation; existing, of 
 course, from birth. In French surgery Cos- 
 formation is used synonymously with Coapta- 
 tion, and both it, Diaplasis 3,nd Anaplasis mean, 
 also, restoration to the original form— as in 
 fractures, &c. ' ' 
 
 CONFORTANTIA, Tonics. , 
 
 CONFORTATIVA, Tonics.i 
 
 CONFOR TER, (F.), Confirma'rl, Confortd- 
 rl. Corroborate. To make stronger— to give 
 energj^T Conforter I'estomac, 'to strengthen 
 
 CONFRIGA'TION, Confnca'Ho, from am- 
 fricare (eon, and fricare, 'to rubi') The action 
 of reducing a friable substance to powdm, by 
 rubbing it between the fingers ; and of expressing 
 the juice of a plant with the hand. 
 I CONFRICA'TRIX ; from <;o«, 'with.'and 
 ■fricare, 'to rub.' A female who practises 
 i masturbation. ■'; 
 
CONFUSiE FEBRES 
 
 an 
 
 CONIUM MACULATUM 
 
 CONFU'S^ FEBRES. Intermittents, 
 whose paroxysms are irregular and confused. — 
 Bellini. 
 
 CONFTJ'SIO, from confundo, {eon and fim- 
 dere, ' to pour,') ' I mix together ;' Syn'chisis. 
 A disease of ^ the eye, which consists in the 
 mijfture of the humours. — ^Galen. In modern 
 times, Synthysis has been applied to a morbid 
 state of the vitreous body, in which it is re- 
 duced to a diflSueht condition. It has, also, 
 been used synonymously with Complexio. ' 
 
 CONFUSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 mind. 
 . CONGELANTIA, Congelativa. 
 
 CONGELATIO, Catalepsy. 
 CONGELA'TION, Congela'tio, Conglacia'- 
 tio, Gela'tio, froin congeU, {con and gelare,) ' I 
 congeal,' f I freeze;' The action of congealing, 
 of passing to the solid state by the abstraction 
 of heat,-- as congelation of water, tnercury, &c. 
 The term had once other acceptations. I. It 
 was synonymous with concretion. 2. With 
 
 aUy epjplbyed. 3. The ancients called all dis- 
 eases, produced by cold, congelations, as well 
 as those in which there was a kind of stupor or 
 torpor — particularly catalepsy. Also, Frost- 
 bite. 
 
 CONGELATI'VA MEDICAMErT'TA,CoM- 
 glutiHan'tia, Congelan'tia* Medicines, consi- 
 dered capable of uniting, or consolidating 
 wounds, &c.' 
 
 CON'GENER, Congen!erous, from eon, 
 ' withi' and g-eraws, ' kind.' (F.) Congemire. Of 
 the same kind or species. Resembling each 
 other in some manner. When applied to mus- 
 cles, it mearis, that they concur in the same ac- 
 tion ; in ppposition to the wor4 antagonist, or 
 that which acts in an opposite direction. 
 
 In France Congmires is applied to those 
 who join in tbe dissection of the same subject. 
 
 CONGENIALISi Congenital. 
 
 CONGENITjE NOT Jl, Nebvus. 
 
 CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Congenia'lis, 
 Congen'itus, Syngen'icns,'fvom^ eon, 'with,' 
 and genitus, 'begotten.' (F.) Cohgenial ou 
 Congenital. Diseases which infants have at 
 birth: hence. Congenital affections are those 
 that depend on faulty conformation; as conge- 
 nital hernia^ congenital cataract, &c. See Con- 
 nate. 
 . CONGESTIO, Congestion— c. Abdominalis, 
 CffiliEemia — c. Pectorjs, Stethaemia — c. Pulmo- 
 num, Stethaemia — c. Sanguinis, Congestion. 
 
 CONGESTION, Comg-ei'«io,fiAo;>5,from cow- 
 ^■erSr^, 'to amass,' 'accumulate,' &c., Symph'- 
 ora, Hsematepago'gl, Ssematosymphore'sis, 
 Ssematosyago'gS) Hamorfiie'sis, Symphore'ma, 
 Symphore'isis, Synathr&is'mus, Synathroi' sis. 
 Sanguinis Conges'tio, Engorge-ment. Accu- 
 mulation of blood — hyperemia — in an organ. 
 It is an important symptom in febrile and other 
 disorders. It may arise either ftom an extra- 
 ordinary flow of blood by the arteries, or from 
 a. difficulty in the return of blood to the heart 
 by the veins. More often, perhaps, it is owing 
 to the latter cause, and is termed venous con- 
 gestion, stasis or stagnation — being not Un- 
 usually attended with symptoms of oppression 
 and collapse. i 
 
 Congestion of the Abdomen, Coeliaemia, 
 — c. of the Brain, Stethaemia — c. C'erebrale,Ce- 
 phalohaemia — e. du Ce™«aK, Cephaloheemia — 
 
 c. of the Lungsj StethEemia — c^ des Pomnons, 
 Stethaemia — c. Sanguine rachidienne, Hyper- 
 myelohaemia. 
 
 CONGESTIVE FEVER, see Fever, con- 
 gestive. 
 
 CONGLACIATIO, Congelation. 
 CONGLOBATE, Congloha'tus, from eonglo- 
 bare, {eon, and globus, ' a ball,') ' to collect,' ' to 
 gather into a ball.' (F.) Conglobe, 
 
 Conglobate Gland, Glan'dula con^ola'ta, 
 Glandula Mueo'sa, Hydraden, Globate gland, 
 Lymphat'ic gan'glion, (F.) Glande Conglobie, 
 Ganglion lymphatique. A round body, fornled 
 of lymphatic vessels, connected together by 
 cellular structure, but having neither a cavity 
 nor excretory duct. The mesenteric, inguinal 
 and axillary glands are of this class. 
 CONGLOB&, Conglobate. 
 CONGLOM'ERATE, Conglomera'fus, from 
 con, andgiomerare, ' to gather in a'heapl' Glorii'- 
 erate, Glomera'tus, (F.) Conglomere, Heaped 
 together. 
 
 Conglom'eeate Glands, Glan'dulx conglo- 
 mera'tcB, Glandtilse vasculo'sce, are those whose 
 lobules are united under the same membrane; 
 as the liver, kidney, testicle, &c. 
 
 CONGLOM^RATIO INTESTINORUM, 
 Epiploce intestinalis. 
 
 CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa. 
 CONGRkS, (F.) Congress, Congres'sus, 
 from congredi, congressus, {con, and gradi, ' to 
 go,') 'to go together.' This term, which has 
 often been used synonymously with Coition, 
 means, also, the ocular proof, formerly ordered 
 by judicial authority, in the presence of sur- 
 geons and matrons, to test the impotence or ca- 
 pabilities of parties; — a most unsatisfactory 
 and indecent exhibition. It was forbidden by 
 the Parliament of Paris in the year 1667. 
 CONGRESSUS, Coition. 
 CONI VASCULO'SI. Conical bundles, 
 formed by the vasa efferentia of the testis', 
 hiving their base towards the epididymis. 
 
 CONI A, xsna. A wine, prepared 'by fer- 
 menting the must of the grape on tar previously 
 washed in sea-water. — Orfila. See, also. Lixi- 
 vium. 
 
 CONIASIS, Incrustation. 
 CONJOSTOSIS, Pulverization. 
 CONIS, Pulvis. 
 
 CONISTERIDM, Apodyterium. 
 CONI'UMMACULaTUM, Coni'um, Cicu'- 
 ta, Cicu'ta major, Abi'otes, Ci'cuta terres'tris, 
 . Cieuta 'major fm'tida, C. vulga'ris, Cormnon 
 Hemlock, Hemlock, Poison parsley. Spotted 
 parsley, (F.) Cigue ordinaire, C.grande. I^at, 
 Ord. Umbelliferas. Sex:. Syst. Pentandria Di- 
 gynia. The leaves and seeds are narcotic and 
 poisonous in an over-dose. Light destroys the 
 virtues of the leaves ; and, therefore, the pow- 
 der should be kept in opakp bottles, well 
 corked. It lias been used as a palliative, in 
 cancer and other painful affections; but is not 
 equal to opium. Externally, it has been applied 
 in fomentation to cancerous and scrofulous ul- 
 cers. Dose, gr. ij. to x. 
 
 Da'vidson's Remedy for Cancer is said to 
 consist of powdered hem-lock and arsenious acid. 
 CoNiUM Moscha'tum, Aracacha. A very 
 agreeable and nutritive kind of tuberous vege- 
 table, in flavour not unlike celery, which grows 
 on the coast of Peru, but is more abundant on 
 the projecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on 
 
CONJONCTIVE 
 
 S13 
 
 CONSERVA 
 
 the eastern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked 
 by being either simply boiled in water, or made 
 into a kind of soup.^Tschudi. 
 
 CONJONCTIVE, Conjunctiva. 
 
 CONJONCTJVITE, see Ophthalmia— c. 
 Blennorrhngique, see Ophthalmia. ' 
 , CONJtTG^ISON, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUGA'TION, Canjuga'tio, from conju- 
 gare, {con, arid jugum, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke 
 together.' (F.) Conjugaison. Assemblage, 
 union,— Conju'gium. 
 
 Conjugatio'nis Foram'ina, (F.) Trous ie 
 conjugaison. The apertures at the sides of the 
 spine, formed by the union of the notches of the 
 vertebrae. They give passage to the nerves of 
 the spinal marrow,' and to the vessels, which 
 enter, ox issue' from, the vertebral canal. 
 
 CONJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation. 
 
 CONJUNC'TI (MORBI,) from conjun^e, 
 (son a.udi jungire,') 'to join together.' Diseases 
 joined together. Authors have distinguished 
 two kinds of these : one, in Which the diseases 
 go on simultaneously — morbi connex'i-; — the 
 other, in which they succeed each other — fmrbi 
 consequen'tes . 
 
 CONJUNCTIO, Articulation. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICDLAR, Xeroph- 
 thalmia — c. Granular, Trachoma. 
 
 CoNJiracTi'vA Membra'na, Circumcaula'lis, 
 Epipeph'ycos, Tu'nica agna'ta, Tu'nica adna'- 
 ta, T. conjimcti'va, Tunda oc'vli, (F.) Con- 
 jonctive, Membrane adiiie. A mucous mem- 
 brane, so called* because it unites the globe of 
 the eye with the eyelids. It coders the ante- 
 rior sur&ce of the eye, the inner surface of 
 the eyelids, and the carunciila lachrymalis. It 
 possesses great general sensibility, communi- 
 oatfed to it by the fifth pair. 
 , CONJUNCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia— c. ^Egyp- 
 tiaca. Ophthalmia, purulent — c. Blennorrhagi- 
 ca, see Ophthalmia — c. Catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, 
 catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica, see Ophthalmia — c. 
 Puro-mucosa catarrhalis. Ophthalmia, catarrhal 
 — c. Puro-mucosa contagiosa vel .^gyptiaca. 
 Ophthalmia, purulent. * \ 
 
 CONJUNGENS, Communicans. 
 
 CONNATE, from con and Jiatus, 'hoxn with.' 
 
 Connate Diseases, (F.) Maladies ronnees, 
 Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is born 
 with: — coKMoie having the same signification as 
 tongeniial. A difference has ' been made by 
 some, however; those diseases or conditions, 
 which are dependent upon original conformation, 
 being called congenital; — whilst the diseases 
 or affections, that may have supervened during 
 gestation or delivery, are termed connate. 
 
 CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. There is a mineral spring at Stafford in 
 this state; twenty-four miles from Hartford, 
 which has obtained more celebrity than any 
 one in New England. Its principal ingredients 
 are iron and carbonic acid. It, consequently, 
 belongs to the class of acidulous chalybeates. 
 There are other springsin the state, of which, 
 however, little that is accurate is known. 
 
 CONNERVATIO, Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONNEXI9 OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssar- 
 cosis — c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — c. Liga-^ 
 mentosa, Syndesmosis. 
 
 CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophos, from con, 
 ' with,' and nutiior, 'I am nourished.' A dis- 
 ease is so called which has grown up, as it were. 
 
 with an individual, or has been connate with 
 him. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 CONOID, Cono'idius, Conoi'des, from xovot, 
 'a cone,' Eind uSas, 'shape.' (F.) Canoi^e. Re- 
 sembling a cone. 
 
 ■ Conoid Lig'ament. A, ligament, passing 
 from the coracoid process to the scapula, and 
 forming part of the coraco-elavicnlar ligament 
 of some anatomists. 
 
 fcONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland; 
 ' r CONOPHTHALMIA, Staphyloma- corneiE. 
 
 CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conqwdssans,ftom 
 con, ' vpith,' ' together ;' and quassare, ' to shAe.' 
 ^Douleitrs conquassantes are the pains of partu- 
 rition, at the time of their greatest intensity, 
 when the head is engaged in the pelvis." 
 
 CGNQUASSA',TION, Conquassa'Ho, Quan- 
 sa'tio, Quassatu'ra. Same etymon. A pharma- 
 ceutical operation, which consists in dividing, 
 with a pfestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, &c. See 
 Confrication. 
 
 CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections 
 of the mind. 
 
 CVNQITE, Concha. 
 
 CON'SPIOUSNESS, DOUBLE. A somnam- 
 bulistic condition, in which the individual leads, 
 as it were, two lives, recollecting in each con- 
 dition whatt)ccurred iniprevious conditions ofjhe 
 same character, but knowing nothing of the oc- 
 currences of theother. SeeDuality of theMind. 
 
 CONSECUTIVE^ Consecuti'mis, from am, 
 'with,' and sequor,' to follow.' 
 
 Consecutive Phehom'ena or Symptoms, (F.) 
 Phenomhies ou accidens consecutifs, are such 
 as appear after the cessation of a disease, or, 
 according' to others, during its decline; but 
 without having any direct connexion with it, 
 
 CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive. ■ 
 
 CONSENSUS, Consent of partsj Sympathy. 
 
 Cohsen'sus OduLo'RUM. The intimate asso- 
 ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified 
 in their consentaneous action in. health, and 
 often in disease. 
 
 CONSENT OF PARTS, Consen'sus, Ccm- 
 sen'sus pa^^uTn^-Sympitthi'a, from con, and 
 sentire, 'tOTeel;' (F .y Cbnsentement des Par- 
 ties. That relation of different parts of the 
 body with each other, which is more commonly 
 denominate4 sympathy.- 
 
 QONSENTEMENT DES , PARTIES, 
 Consent of parts. 
 
 COHSERVATlOl^, Conserva'm,Fhylaa^is, 
 from conseryare, {con, and servare,) 'to pre- 
 serve;' (F.) Conservation, Asservation. The 
 art of preserving any object of pharmacy, any 
 remedial agent, &c., from decay. 
 
 COnSER.'Y k. Conserve. Same etymon. A 
 pharmaceutical preparation, coniposed of a ve- 
 getable substance and a sufficient quantity of 
 sugar. The London and American pharmaco- 
 poeias prefer the term Confection. 
 
 CoHSERVA Absin'thii, C. Aisiri'tUi marit't- 
 mi. Conserve of Wormwood. {Leaves Bj, s''?*'' 
 Ibiij.) It, has been employed a^ a tonio, sto- 
 machic, and yermifuge. , 
 
 CoNSERVA ANGEL'iCiE (P.,) Conserve d'An- 
 gelique, C. of AngeVica. {Pulp of root 2511 
 parts; white sugar, boiled in a decoction of the 
 root, and reduced to the consistence of a solid 
 eleptuary, 1000 parts.) It is tonic, aromatu:, 
 and stomachic. 
 
 CONSERVADE A'PIO GrAVEOLEN'TE (PO '''"'' 
 
 serve d'Ache, Conserve ofSmalluge. Prepared 
 
CONSERVE 
 
 213 
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 like the preceding. Reputed to have the same 
 properties. zr- . 
 
 CoNSEUVA Ari, Conserve, of Arum. (Fiesh 
 root Bss, sugar Biss.) Esteemed- diuretic and 
 stimulant. 
 
 CoMSEKVA AuEANTii, Confectio aurantiorum 
 — rq. Cassiae, Confectio cassise — c. Citri aurantii, 
 Confectio aurantiorum. 
 
 CONSEEVA , CoCHtEA'EIiE HoRTEN'SIS, C(>«- 
 
 serve of Lemon Scurvy Grass. {Leaves ftj, 
 sugar BSiij.) Reputed to be stimulant and anti- 
 scorbutic. 
 
 , CoNSERVA CoRTICIS ExTERlORIS AuRANTII 
 
 HispalenbiSj Conftctio aurantiorum— c. Corti- 
 cum aurantiorutti, Confectio aurstntiorum — c. 
 Florum rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosEe Gal- 
 licae — c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosse caninae — c. 
 t^ynorrhodi, Confectio rosae caninae — c. Flave- 
 dinis corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Con- 
 fectio aurantiorum. 
 
 CoNSERVA Lu'jul;e, C. Folio'mm lu'jwlse. 
 Conserve of Wbodsorrel. {Leaves B5j, sugar 
 teiij.) Gratefully acid and refrigerant. 
 
 CoHSEEvA Menth;e, C Mentha folio'rwm, 
 C. Menthx sati'vte, Conserve of Mint. (Leaves 
 IbJ, sugar Biy.) Stomachic in nausea and vo- 
 miting. 
 
 CoNSERVA PRUsr Sylves'tris, Pulpapruno'- 
 rnm sylves'trium condi'ta, C. Prunm sylveistris, 
 Conserve of Sloes, (Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts.) 
 Possessed of astringent properties. 
 
 CoKSERVA RosiE, Confectlo rosEB Gallicae — ^c. 
 Rosffi caninae, Confectio rosae caninae — c. Rosae 
 Gallicae, Confectio rosae Gallicae. 
 
 CoNSERVA SclLL^, Conserve ofSguUl. (Fresh 
 squills, ,^j, sugar ,^x.) Possesses the diuretic 
 and other virtues of the squill. 
 
 CONSERVE, Conserva— 0. d'Aehe,Cotisei\z 
 deapiograveolente — c. of Aloes, Conserva pruni 
 sylvestris — c. of Lemoascurvy grass, Conserva 
 eochleariae hortensis — c. of Mint, Conserva men- 
 thae — c. of Orange, (red,) Confectio aurantiorum 
 — c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio graveolente 
 — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulae— c. of 
 Wormvrood, Conserva absinthii. 
 
 CONSERVES, Spectacles. 
 
 CONSIDEN'TIA. This word has two ac- 
 ceptations. 1. It is synonymous with ./Ijjoca- 
 tastasis; and, 9. It signifies contraction of any 
 cavity or canah — See Synezisis. 
 
 CONSISTEN'TIA. A Latin term employed 
 in two sensfes. 1. When joined to the word 
 Mor6i or Jltatis, it expresses the acme of a dis- 
 ease, or the age at which the constitution has 
 aciquired its full strength. 2. By Consisten'tia 
 humo'ris is meant the density qf a humour. 
 
 CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum — c. 
 Media, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum Ifeucanthemum 
 — c. Minor, Prunella — c. Regalis, Delphinium 
 cohsolida — c. Rubra, Tormentil — e. Saraoenica, 
 Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 CbNSOLIDAN'TIA, ConsoKdati'va Medi- 
 ramen'ta, from con, and sotidus, solid. Sub- 
 stances, formerly given for the purpose of con- 
 solidating wouilds, or strengthening cicatrices. 
 
 CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia. 
 
 CONSOMME, Cons?imma'tum, Zomos. 
 Soup, strongly charged with gelatin, and con- 
 sequently very nutritious, although not propor- 
 tionably easy of digestion. 
 
 CONSOMPTION, Consumption.. 
 
 CON'SONANTP, Con'sonans, from consono. 
 
 'to sound together,' con, 'with,' and sono, 'to 
 sound,' because it is generally believed that a 
 consonant cannot be properly expressed, except 
 when conjoined Avith a vowel. Physiologically, 
 a breath, or a soijiid produced in the larynx, 
 which suffers more or -less interruption in its 
 passage through the vocal tube. 
 CONSORTIUM, Sympathy. 
 CONSQVDE, GRANDE, Symphytum. 
 CONSOUND, MIDDLE, Ajuga. 
 CONSPERSIO, Catapasma. 
 CONSPICILLA, Spectacles. 
 CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy. 
 CONSTELLATUM UNGUEN'TUM. An 
 ointment composed of cleansed earthworms! 
 dried and pulverized ; and of the fat of the bear 
 or wild boar. It was formerly -employed in 
 toothache, and to hasten the cicatrization of 
 wounds. ■ V ' 
 
 CONSTERNATIO, stupor. 
 CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnpsis. 
 CONSTIPA'TION, OmsHpa'tin, from con- 
 stipare, (con and stipare,) ' to cram close.' 04- 
 sfipa'tio, Adstrie'tio, Arcta'tio, ObsHpa'tio seu 
 Reterftio alvi'na, Ischocoi'lia, Alvus adsiric'ta, 
 A. Tarda, A. Dlirct, Obstr'uc'tio seu Suppres'- 
 sio alviyO. Ductus alimentct'rii, O.-intestina'' 
 lis. Torpor ivtestino' rum, Stypsis, Constipa'tio 
 alvi, Copros'tasis , Acop'ria, Acopro'sis, Co- 
 prbipis'chesis, Isckocop'ria,' Dyscoi'li'k, (F.)' 
 Jtchauffeme^it, Ventre resserre, Cost'iveness; 
 Fcecal-Retenltion, Alvine- obstruction. A state 
 of the bowels, in which the evacuations do not 
 take place as frequently as usual; or are inor- 
 dinately hard, and expelled With difficulty. ' It 
 may be owing either to diminished action of 
 the muscular coat of the intestines, or to di- 
 minished secretion from the mucous membrane, 
 or to both., Cathartics -will usually'remove it; 
 after which its excitipgand predisponent causes 
 must be inquired into and obviated to render 
 the cure permanent. 
 
 CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription. 
 - CONSTITUTIO,Habitof body— c.Nervosa, 
 Nervous diathesis. 
 
 CONSTITU'TION, Constitu'tio, ,Catas'ta^ 
 sis. Status, from con, and statneie, from stare, 
 'to stand.' A collection of several parts, form- 
 ing a whole. In medicine, Constitution means 
 the state of ^11 the organs of the human body 
 considered in regard to their special and re- 
 lative arrangement, order, or activity. A 
 good constitution is one in which every organ 
 is well developed, and endowed with due ener- 
 gy, so that all perform their functions with 
 equal facility. Any want of equilibrium in 
 their development and ehergy forms a diffet- 
 ence in the constitution. We say that a man 
 is of a goo^ or robust, a dedicate or weah consti- 
 tution, when he is commonly healthy, or com- 
 monly labouring uhder, or unusually suscepti- 
 ble of, disease. ; 
 
 Constitu'tion op THE At'mosphere, Consti' 
 tu'tio A'eris, (Fl) Constitution Atmospherique. 
 The condition of the atmosphere, as regards 
 dryness 'iSid humidity, temperature, heaviness, 
 direction* of the winds, &c., considered as re- 
 spects its influence on the animal economy. 
 
 Constitution, Epidem'ic^ Constitution Med'- 
 ical,(¥.) Constitution ntedicale, C. epidemique. 
 The aggregate of meteorolpgical conditions, so 
 far as they are appreciable, during which dis- 
 eases prevail epidemically. 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL 
 
 314 
 
 CONTAGION 
 
 CONSTITU'TIONAL, (F.) Constitutionnel. 
 Belonging to the constitution of an individual ; 
 to his manner of being; as constitutional phthi- 
 sis, c. gout, &c. By some, this. epithet has 
 been given to diseases, produced by the consti- 
 tution of the .atmosphere ; but this acceptation 
 is not common. 
 
 CONSTBICTEURS i)ELAWLVE,Cojx- 
 strictores cunni — c. du Vagin, Uonstrictores 
 cunni. 
 
 CONSTRICTIO, Astriction, Systole. ^ 
 
 CONSTRICTIVA, Styptics. '. 
 
 CONSTRICTOR, from constringere, {con,- 
 and stringere,) ' to bind.' (F.) Constncteur. 
 That which binds in a circular direction. A 
 sphincter (q.' v.) Different muscles are so 
 called. 
 
 CoNSTKioTOE Ani, Sphincter ani externus — 
 t. of Nuck, Compressor of Nuck. 
 
 CoNSTRiCToiiES Alarum Nasi, Depressor 
 alae nasi' — c. Isthmi faucium, Glossostaphy- 
 linus-^c. Nasi, Compressor naris — c. Oris, Or- 
 bicularis oris — c. Palpebrarum, Orbicularis pal- 
 pebrarum. J 
 
 , -Constejcto'ees Cunni, Clitor'idis inferio'- 
 res lati et plani mus'culi. Sphincter Vagi'ncB, 
 (F.) Constricteurs du vagin, C. de la Vulve. 
 Small muscles, which originate beneath the cli- 
 toris, descend along the sides of the vagina, and 
 terminate by becoming cdnfounded with the 
 transversus perinai and external sphincter ani 
 muscles. Their use is to contract the entrance 
 of the vagina. 
 
 Constbicto'res Labyn'gis. Lieutaud de- 
 scribes, under the name Grand constricteur du 
 larynx, the muscle Ciico-aryteno'ideus lateTu'lis 
 with the ThyTo-arytenoideus. 
 
 Constrictor CEsosh'agi, Constrictor of the 
 CEsoph'agus,,(F.) Constricteur; de I'OSsophage, 
 Muscle CBSophagien. A fasciculus of fleshy, 
 circular fibres, at the upper part of the oeso- 
 phagus'. 
 
 Comstricto'res Pharyn'gis, Constrictors of 
 the Pharynx, Sphincter Gulce. Muscular ex- 
 pansions which assist in forming the parietes 
 of the pharynx. Three of thpse are generally 
 admitted. 1. The Constric'tor Pharyn'gis in- 
 fe'rior, Crico-Fharyngens and Thyro-pharyn- 
 geus, (F.) Crico-thyrq-pharyvgien. It is 
 broad, very thin, quadrilateral, seated superfi- 
 cially, extending from the thyroid and cricoid 
 cartilages as far as the ^middle of the pharynx, 
 and uniting, on the median line, with that of 
 the opposite side. 2. The Constrictor Pha- 
 ryngis J)/£e'dius,'Hyo-pharyngeus and Chondro- 
 pharyngeus, Syndes'ino'pharyngeus, (F.) Hyo- 
 glosso-basi-pkaryngie7ijOcc\ipies the middle part 
 of thfe pharynx. It is triangular, and attached, 
 anteriorly, to the great and little cornu of the 
 OS hyoides; to the stylohyoid ligament; and 
 terminates, p'osteriorly,,by joining its fellow of 
 the opposite side. 3. The Constrictor Fha- 
 ryngis superior, Ceph'alo-pharyngeus, Glosso- 
 pharyngeus,Mylorphary.ngeus,Fter'ygo-pharyn- 
 geus, (F.) Pterigo-syndesmo-staphili-^haryn- 
 gien, is quadrilateral, and extends frorn the in- 
 ternal ala of the pterygoid process, from the 
 inter-maxillary ligament, from the irilernal ob- 
 lique line of the jaw, and from the base of the 
 tongue to the posterior part of the pharynx. 
 
 The constrictors of the pharynx contract it. 
 They can likewise approximate the ends to 
 each other. Chaussier considers those and the 
 
 stylo-pharyngeus as but one muscle, and in- 
 cludes all under this last name. 
 
 CONSTRINGENiyA, Astringents, Styp- 
 tics. 
 
 CONSUET^DO, Habit— c. Menstrua,Men- 
 ses. - , 
 
 CQNSULTA'TION, Consultd'tio, Belibera'- 
 tio, CcBnolog"ia, Conten'tiojSyniboleu'siSftmm 
 consulere, consultum, 'to hold council.' This 
 word has, several acceptations. In English, it 
 means, almost always, the meeting of two or 
 more practitioners, to deliberate on any particu- 
 lar case of disease. In France, it signifies the 
 written result of such deliberations, as virell as 
 the opinion of a physician, given to a patient, 
 who consults him, either personally or by wri- 
 ting. 
 
 CONSULT'ING PHYSICIAN or SUR- 
 GEON, (F.) Medecin ou Chirurgien consultant. 
 One who consults with the attending practi- 
 tioner, regarding any case of disease. Some 
 physicians, surgeons, and accoucheurs confine 
 themselves to consulting practice. 
 : CONSUMMATUM, Console. 
 
 CONSUMMA'TUS, from cdn,.cvm,'mi\' 
 and s^immus, 'the whole.' Coirarmed; esta- 
 blished; developed, — -as Phthisis consvmma'la-, 
 ' confirmed consurhption.' 
 
 CONSUMP'TION, from consiimere, (con apd 
 sumere,) 'to waste away;' Consump'tio, Con- 
 sum'tio, Syniex'is, (F.) Consomption. Pio- 
 gressive emaciation or wasting away. This 
 condition precedes death in the greater part of 
 chronit; diseases, and particularly in phlhisix 
 pulmonalis : on this account it is, that phthisis 
 has received the name consumption. — See 
 Phthisis. Fihvre de Consomption, CtmStimp- 
 tive fever, is the same as Hectic fever, (q. v.) 
 , Consumption or the Bowels, Enterophthisis 
 — c. Pulmonary, Phthisis, pulmonalis. 
 
 CONSUMPTI'YA. Same etymology. Caus- 
 tics, used for the destruction of fungi. Burnt 
 alwm, lunar caustic, &c., were formerly so 
 called. 
 
 CONSUMTIO, Consumption. 
 
 CONTABESCEN'TIA, , from eontahencm, 
 {con and tabescere,) ' to grow lean.' Consump- 
 tion, marasmus, atrophy, &c. 
 
 CONTACT, Contac'tus, from con and tan- 
 ^«re, 'to touch.' The state of two bodies that 
 touch each other. In the theory of contagious 
 diseases, we distinguish immediate or direct mi- 
 tacffUS when we touch a patient labouring under 
 one of those diseases; and mediate or indirect 
 contact, when we toucb, not the patient him- 
 self, but objects that have touched or emanated 
 from him. The air is, most commonly, the 
 medium by which this last kind of contact is 
 effected. 
 
 CONTA'GION, Conta'gio, Conta'ges, Con- 
 ta'giimif Aporrhce'a, Apoc'rysis. Same etymoii. 
 The transmission of a disease from one person 
 to another by direct or indirect contact. The 
 term has, also, been applied, by some, to ths 
 action of miasmata arising from dead animal or, 
 vegetable matter, bogs, fens, &c., but in this 
 sense it is now abandoned. Contagious diseases 
 are produced either by a virus, capable of 
 causing them by inoculation, as in snlall-pox, 
 cow-pox, hydrophobia, syphilis, &c., or by mi- 
 asmata, proceeding from' a sick individual, as 
 in plague, typhus gravior, and in measles and 
 scarlatina. Scrofula, phthisis^pulmonalis, and 
 
CONTAGIOUS 
 
 315 
 
 CONTRACTILITY 
 
 cancer, have, ty some, been esteemed conta- 
 gious, tut apparently without JFoundation. Phy- 
 sicians are, indeed, by no means unanimous in 
 deciding what diseases are contagions, and what 
 not. The contagion of plague and typhus, es- 
 pecially of the latter, is denied by many. It 
 seems piobable, that a disease may be conta- 
 gious under certain Circumstances and not un^ 
 der others. A case of common fever, arising 
 from common causes, as from Cold, if the pa- 
 tient be kept in a close, foul situation, may be 
 converted into a disease, capaljle pf producing 
 emanations, which may excite a similar disease 
 in those exposed to them. Contagion and in^ 
 faction are generally esteemed synonymous. 
 Frequently, however, the iformer is applied to 
 diseases not produced by contact; as measles, 
 scarlet fever, &c., whilst infection is used for 
 those that require positive contact; as itch, 
 syphilis, &c., and conversely. Diseases, 
 which cannot be produced in any other way 
 than by contagion, are said to have their origin 
 in specific contagion; as smal]-pox, tow-pox, 
 measles, hydrophobia, syphilis, &c. Those 
 which are produced by contagion, and yet are 
 supposed to be sometimes owing to other causes, 
 are said to arise from cotmnon contagion; as 
 typhus, Cynanche parotidasa, &c. 
 
 CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'sus. Capable of 
 being transmitted by mediate or immediate 
 contact; as a contagious disease^'contagious fe- 
 ver, -contagious effluvia, &c. 
 
 CONTAGIUM, Contagion, Miasm. 
 
 CONTEMPLABILES DIES, Critical days'. 
 
 CONTEMPLATIF, (F.) Contemplati'vus, 
 (con and templum.) Appertaining to contem- 
 plation. The predominant idea of the melan- 
 oholic^of the mqnomaniap. — is sometimes 
 called contemplative. 
 
 CONTEMPLATib, Catalepsy. 
 
 CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif. 
 
 CONTENSIO, Tension. 
 
 CONTENTIO, Consultatioh. 
 
 CONTEX'TURE, Contextn'ra, Contex'tus, 
 from con and texere, (quasi tegsere, from tegere, 
 'to cover,') 'to weave,' 'to make a web.? Ar- 
 rangement of parts; — texture. A name given, 
 metaphorically, to the structure of organized 
 bodies; as the cojitexture of muscles, fibres, ^&lc. 
 See Tissue, and Texture. 
 
 CONTIGUITY, DlARTHROSIS OF, see 
 Continuity. 
 
 CON'TINENCE, Continen'tia, from contine- 
 re, {con and tenere, ' to hold or keep,') ' to con- 
 tain oneself ;' 'to restrain.' Abstinence from 
 the pleasures of physical love. 
 
 CONTINENS, Continent. 
 
 CONTINENT, Con'Hnens. This word is 
 synonymous with Continued; (F.) Continu. 
 
 CoMTiNEMT Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a 
 cause, real or presumed, which, having given 
 rise to a disease, continues to act during the 
 whole of its duration. It may be considered 
 synonymoiis, with proximate cause. A conti- 
 ?ient fever, Feiris continens, is one which pre- 
 serves, during^ its whole course, the same de- 
 gree of intensity, without any remission or sen- 
 sible exacerbation. A disease which continues 
 iminterruptedly,, has been also called Jiipa- 
 t/iei'a, Aeipathei'a or Aipathi'a. 
 
 CONTINENTIA, Continence. 
 
 CONTIN'UED FEVER, FebrU contin'Ha, 
 F. con'linens, FMnaiat'iea, F. assid'ita. A 
 
 fever which presents no interruption in its 
 course. Continued ' fevers form a division in 
 the class Pyrexia of Cullen, and include three 
 genera, — Synocka,Synochusja,r\d Typhus. It 
 is properto remark, that some of the older wri- 
 ters make a distinction between the continual 
 fever, iru»«;fi/f, /ei/'ts coKtimwa, andthe synochwt 
 or febris continens. Thus, Rhases states, that 
 the synochus or continens is a fever, which-con- 
 sists of one paroxysm from beginning to end; 
 whilst the continual is allied to intermittents. 
 
 CONTINU'ITY, Contimi'itas. An adhe- 
 sion of two things between each other, so that 
 they Cannot be separated without fracture or 
 laceration. ' 
 
 Continuity, Diartheo'sbs of, (F.) Diar- 
 throses dp Continuite, are movable joints, in 
 which the bones are continuous, but do not 
 touch immediately, there being between them 
 a ligamentous substance^ whose flexibility per- 
 mits motion. The vertebral' articulations are 
 examples of this. Diaktheos'es of Contigu'- 
 ITY, , Diathroses de Contigidte, on thq other 
 hand, are movable articulations,, in which the 
 bones are not continuous, b\lt touch by surfaces 
 covered with a cartilaginous layer, "which is al- 
 ways moistened by synovia. 
 
 Continuity, Soxution of, is any division of 
 parts, previously continuous. Wounds and 
 fractures ar^ solutions of continuity. The word 
 Continuity is OTpTposed' to Contiguity : the latter 
 meaning the condition of two things which are 
 near each other, or touch without uniting. 
 There is contiguity between the head of the 
 humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, 
 but not continuity. . 
 
 CONTONDANT, Contunding. 
 
 CONTORSIO, Contorsiop — c. Columns 
 vertebralis, Rliachiostrophosis. 
 
 CONTOR'SION, Gontor'tio, from contor- 
 qued, (con and torqiiere, ' to wring,') ' I twist- 
 about.' Violent movement of a part, accom- 
 panied with a kind of torsion; as contortion of 
 the face. 
 
 CONTRAAPERTISgA, from contra, 
 'against,' and aperio, 'I open;' a counter- 
 opening; Contra-incis'io, hicis'io prio'ri pppo'- 
 sita, (F.) Contre-ouverture. An incisioi^, made 
 in the most depending part of a wound or ab- 
 scess, when the first opening is not situate in a 
 manner favourable for tl^e discharge of the pus. 
 
 CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counterextension. 
 
 CONTRACTILE, Contrac'tilis, from con- 
 trahere, {con and trahere,) 'to draw together.' 
 Capable of contracting. The fibre of muscles 
 is contractile. 
 
 CONTRACTILIT£, Contractility— c. par 
 defaut d'Extension, Elasticity— c. de Tissu, 
 Elasticity. 
 
 CONTRACTILITY, Contractil'itas:' sam» 
 etymon; (F.) Contractilite. That vital pro- 
 perty, which gives, to certain parts, the power 
 of tontracting. The muscles of locomotion 
 are endowed with a power of voluntary con- 
 tractility, or 6ne dependent immediajfily on the 
 action of the brain : — the muscles of the viscera 
 of digestion, and other internal organs, enjoy 
 ^^involuntary contractility. Contractility ajid 
 irritability are frequently used synonymously 
 to signify the property possessed by any tissue 
 of contracting on the application of an appro- 
 priate stimulus. 
 ■ Contractility, Irritability. 
 
CONTRACTia CORDIS 
 
 216 
 
 CONTUSION 
 
 CONTRACTIO CORDIS, Systole. 
 CONTRACTION, Conyadtio.. Same ety- 
 mon; Sys'toli. Action of contracting. When 
 we speak of the contraction of a wiusde, we 
 mean the phenomenon it exhibits during the 
 time it is in action. 
 
 CONTRACTU 'RA. Same etymon. Acamp'- 
 sia, Unta'sia arlicula'risj Rigor ar'tuuiri^ Miis'- 
 i-.u-lar Stiff-joint. A state of permanent rigi- 
 dity and progressive atrophy of the flexor mus- 
 cles, which prevents the motioil's of extension 
 beyond a certain limit. The affected muscles 
 form hard cords beneath the skin.' On dissec- 
 tion, they are found converted into tendinous 
 fibres, the fleshy fibres haying almost disap- 
 peared, when the' disease has been of any dura- 
 tion. It succeeds, frequently, other diseases, 
 particularly rheumatism, neuralgise, convul- 
 sions, syphilis, colica pictonum, &c. The 
 warin bath,- vapour bath, or thermal waters, 
 oleaginous embrocations, mechanical extension 
 of the limbs, &c., are the chief means of treat- 
 merit. 
 
 CONTRA-FISSU'RAjfromcoMira, 'against,' 
 ' and jindo^ fi&s-wm, 'I cleave;' Repercus'sio, 
 Reson'itus, Catag'ma Fiss^tra contraja'cens, 
 A'pedie'may Antico7n!,maj Aiitic'o'p^i Anticru'- 
 sis) Anticrusma, Infortunium, Counterstrioke, 
 (Fi) Contre-coupf Contre-fente, Contrefrac- 
 ture. A fracture, contusion, or injury, pro- 
 duced, by a blow, in a part distant from that 
 which is struck. Five species of contra-ftssu- 
 rcB or contre-coups may occur in the skull, l. 
 Wfien the internal table yields and fractures. 
 2. When the bone breaks in any other part 
 than the one struck. 3. When a bone, which 
 has been struck, remains uninjured, and its 
 neighbour is fractured. 4. Wben the bone is 
 fractured in a place diametrically ojjposite to 
 that struck, as in fractures at the base of the 
 cranium, from a fall on the vertex; and lastly, 
 when the violence of the blow produces a se- 
 paration of the neighbouring or distant sutures. 
 These fractijres , of the skull are also called 
 Fractures par resonnanee. 
 
 CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
 
 CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTRAINDIOATIO, Counter-indieatipn. 
 
 CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation. 
 
 C ONTRALUN A'RIS, from co«*ra, ' against,' 
 and luna, 'the moon.' An epithet for a ^wo- 
 man who conceives during the menstrual dis- 
 charge. — Dietrich. 
 
 CONTRASTlMULANS,Contro-stJmulants. 
 
 CONTRAYERVA, Dorstenia contrayerva 
 — c. Balls, Eulvis conti^yervae compositus — c. 
 Lisbon, Dorstenia contrayerva — t. Mexican, 
 Psoralea pentaphylla — c. Nova, Psoralea pen- 
 taphylla — c. Virginiana, Aristolochia serpen- 
 taria. 
 
 CONTRECOUP, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTR'EEXTENSION, Counter-exten- 
 sion. 
 
 CONTREFENTE, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTREFRACTURB, Contra-fissura. 
 
 CONTRE'iNDICA TION, Counter-indica- 
 tion. 
 , COJVTKEOUTEKTrojE, Contra-apertura. 
 
 CONTREXEVILLE, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Contrexeville is a towh in France, 
 in the department of Vosges, four leagues from 
 Neufch\reau. The waters contain carbonate 
 
 of iron, chloride of calcium, and carbonate of 
 lime, chloride of* sodium, a bituminous sub- 
 stance, and free carbonic, acid. They ate fie^ 
 quented by those -labouring under cutaneous 
 Scrofulous, and calculous affections. 
 
 OONTRIT"I0, SyntfvmJma, Syntdp'sis 
 T/'itu'ra^, Tritus, Tri"tioyTripsis, ftota contiro 
 ' I bruise or make small :' Comminu'tion, Tri- 
 twation. 
 
 . CONTRO-STIM'ULANT, Contrastim'u^ 
 lans, Hyposthen'icyiioTCi contra, 'agaiftst,' and 
 stimulus, ' that which excites.' A substance 
 that possesses a particular, debilitating pro- 
 perty, acting upon the excitability in a manner 
 opposite to stimulus. A name given to thera- 
 peutical agents, wljich, according \o the Italian 
 theory of Contro-stimulus, are endowed with 
 the property of diminishing excitement by a 
 speicific action. These agents are by no means 
 clearly defined. 
 
 CONTRO-STIMTTLUS. Same etymon. 
 The name given by Rasori, about thirty years 
 ago, to a new ine^cal - doctrine, of vpjiich he 
 was the originator — La nuova'Dottrina Medica 
 Itaiiana.- 'It ife founded on the contro-stimu- 
 lant property, attributed tp a certain numfier of 
 medicines. In this doctrine, as in that of 
 Brown, under the name excitability, a funda- 
 mental principle of -physiology'is admitted, by 
 virtue of which living beings are endowed with 
 an aptitude for feeling the action of external 
 agents or exciting influences, and of reacting 
 on these same influences. When this'excitabi- 
 lity is too great, there is excess of stimulus or 
 Hyperstkeni' a : when too little, there is defi- 
 ciency or ITypostheni'a, ■ Diseases, general and 
 local, are divided into three great classes, or 
 into, V,. Hypersthenic ; 2. Hypostkenic i 3. 
 Irritative. The contro-stimulant physicians 
 admit only two classed of medicines— jtimjc 
 lants and cohtro-stimulants . 
 
 CONTUND'ING, Contu'sing, Contm'deni, 
 from contundere, (^con, and tundere) ' to bruise.' 
 (F.) Cont,ondant. That which causes contu- 
 sions. An epithet given to round, blunt,' vul- 
 n^ating projectiles, which bruise or lacerate 
 parts without cutting them. 
 
 CONTUS, Contused. 
 
 CONTUS, Penis. 
 
 CONTU'SED. Same etymon. (F.) Con- 
 tus. Affected with contusion. TKus'weaay— 
 a contused vjound. ■ 
 
 CONTU'SION, Contii'sio, a Bruise, Col- 
 lis'io, Pklasma, Thlasis, Thlds'ma, Th.contfi- 
 sio, Rhegt, Rhegma, Rhegmus, Farmx, Tamis, 
 Famix, (F.) Meurtrissure. Sariie etymon. 
 An injury or lesion — ^arising from the impul.se of 
 a body with a blunt surface — which ptesents no 
 loss of substance, and no apparent wound. If 
 the skin be divided, the injury takes the name 
 of contused wound. The differences of contu- 
 sions, as to extent, are of course infinite. When 
 slight, the blood stagnates in the, oap.illaries of 
 the skin, or is effused into the subcutaneous 
 cellular tissue. Time and cold applications 
 remove it. ■ When the texture of the parts has 
 been lacerated, there is effusion of blood, witji 
 more or leg's torpor in the part. Cooling appli- 
 cations, general or topical bleeding, emol- 
 lients, poultices, &c., are here necessary, 
 accordmg to circumstances. In the severest 
 kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid parts, 
 except the skin, are bruised,fhd, at times, re- 
 
CONUS ARTERIOSUS 
 
 217 
 
 CONVOLVULUS SYRIACUS 
 
 duced to a kind of pap. When the disorgani- 
 zation is to tkis extent, there is no hope except 
 in amputation. A deep contusion of the soft 
 parts has been called Sareoth'lasis, and Sareo- 
 tklas ma> ■ \ , . ' . 
 
 CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infundib'uhm. of 
 the ' heart , The portion of the ri^t Ventricle 
 from which the pulmonary artery proceeds, 
 fsrms a prominence on the right side of the an- 
 terioi; furrow of the heart, and is prolonged to- 
 wards the left, becoming narrow(ir at the same 
 time, so as to form a funnel-shaped projection, 
 which extends a little bey*)nd the base of the 
 ventricles. This is the Conus arteriosus. 
 
 CONVALES'CENCE, Coni>ale^cen'tia,Ana- 
 lep'fis, Anas' tasis, Reeorpvalescen'tia, from 
 convalescere^ (eon siAvalesoere) ' to grow well.' 
 Exanas'tropM. Rec.pvery of health, after dis- 
 ease^ The time which elajses between the 
 termination of a disease, and complete restora- 
 tion of strength. , , 
 
 CONVALLA'RIA MAIA'LIS, from convdi- 
 . lis, ' a valley,' — from its abounding in valleys, 
 lal'izim Convid'liumj C/mvnlla'ri,a, Maiam'the-, 
 ■mum, lily of the Valley, May IJly, (F.) Mu- 
 guet, Mugutt de Mai. The recentvflowers are 
 reputed to be aromatiy, cpphalic, errhjne, ca- 
 thartic. They are not used. '" 
 
 Convali.a'e.ia MuLTrFLo'RA, Polygona'tum 
 •mvltijlo'rum, which grows in this country and 
 in Europe, has analogous properties. 
 
 ConvAlla'kia Polygona'tum. The ayste- 
 Qiatic name of Solomon's Seal,-Poly0ona'twm 
 nniflo'm'm, Sigitlum ^(Uoma'nis, Polygond' 
 turn. The' root was once used as an astringent 
 ajid tonic. It is, also, a reputed .coshietie. 
 
 CONVENTUS, Coition. 
 
 CONVER'SION, Conver'sio, from co7i, and 
 vertere, ' tp turn.' Change from one state into 
 another. ^ ^ 
 
 CoNVEHSiON pF DISEASES, {Y .) ^Conversion 
 de's maladies, is the change or transformation 
 of one disease into another. 
 
 CONVOLU'TION, Convolu'tio, from con- 
 volvere, (con -and volvere) ' to entWine ;' JEpis- 
 phae'rion, Qyrus, Helig'mw^!, (F.) Circonvolur- 
 tion. The rolliiig of any thing upon itself. 
 
 CoMVOLu'TidNS, Cer'ebeal, Gyri seu ■Fliea- 
 tu'ree seu Spiras seu Proces' sus entero'ldei Cer'- 
 eiri, are the round, uridulatriig, tortuous pro- 
 jections, observed at .the surface of the brain. 
 In them^ Grail's organs, of course, terminate. 
 
 CoNVOEt/.TioK, iNTEE'HAt, C. of the Corpus 
 Callo'sutn, Convolution d'Ourlet (Fov,ille.) A 
 cerebral convolution of great extent;^ the prin-, 
 cipal portion of, which is found on' the inner 
 surface of each hemisphere above the corpus 
 callosum,. In front it bends'^ downwards and 
 backwards to the fissure of Sylvius, and, behind 
 it ;«xtends to the middle lobe and forms the 
 hippocampus major. 
 
 .CoNvoLp^TioNSj Imtes'.tinalj are the turns 
 made by the intestines in the abdomen. 
 
 Convolt/tio^n, ^upea-or'bitar. a convo- 
 lutiD,n of the brain, which exists, on the inferior 
 surface of the anterior lobe, and rests upon the 
 roof "of the orbit, 
 > CONVOLVULUS, Intussusceptio, Ileus. 
 
 Convol'vulus Bata'tas. Same etymon. C. 
 In'^icus, Camptes ; the Sw^et Potato, S.panish 
 Potato. This js the only esculent root of the 
 genus Convolvulus. - It is much eaten in {he 
 United States. * 
 15 
 
 Convol'vulus Cantab'eica, Cantairica, La- 
 vender-leaved; Bindweed. It has been consi- 
 dered anthelmiritic, and actively cathartic. 
 
 CoMvoLvuLus Indious, C. Batatas. 
 . CoMvoL.'vuLus Jala'pa. a systematic name 
 of the Jalap plant, properly Ipomai'a Jalapa; 
 Jala'fium, Mechoaca'na nigra, Jal(tppa, Ja- 
 lapa, Jalap Root, Giulappa, Xdlappa, Bryo'- 
 nia, Mechoachan'a nigricans, Bryo'ma Peru- 
 vift'na,, Chela'pa, S.haiw'barum lifigrimi^' Ge- 
 lappium, (F.) Jalap, is procured from South 
 America. Its odour is nauseous ; taste sweet- 
 ish and slightly pungeijt. ' ^t is solid, hard, 
 heavy, brittle ; fractuf? resmous j internally, 
 light gray; externally, covered with a deep 
 browi^ wrinkled bark. Its operation is cathar- 
 tic, the r^ihou^ psift griping violently. . , Dose, 
 lOgr. to.gss. A drop or two of any essential 
 oil may prevent it from griping. An active 
 principle has been separated from .lalap, to 
 .whi?h the names Jfil^pin and Cathartin have 
 been given. , . 
 
 Convolvulus Majoe Ar-Bus, Cpnvolvulus 
 sepiuin — c. Maritimus, Convolvulus,solda»ella. 
 
 Convol'vulus MeChoachan, Mechoaca'nas 
 Radix, Jaiappa alba,Rhdhar' bdrwn albjim, Me- 
 choacan, {'S .) Rhabarbe blanche. A Mexican 
 convolvulus, the root of which possesses ape- 
 rient properties, arid was once Extensively used 
 instead of jalap, . . 
 - CoNvoLVuLtis Mesaloehizus, C, Panduratus. 
 
 CotrvoiL'vuj,us Panduka'ius, C. Megaloyhi' -' 
 , zu$, Pseiido-Tnerhoacanaj^ Fiddte-leaved Bind- 
 weed, Hog Potato, Virginian Bindweed, Wild 
 Pota'to,M6i:h'n7neiik, M. Bindweed,'WiJd Ja- 
 lap, Man in the gruund. Wild Ahubarb, Wild 
 Potato-Vine, JCassait'd'er, Kassa'der, Kus^au- 
 der, (F.) Liseran Merhamec. In Virginia, and 
 some other -parts of thfi United States, the root 
 of thls> plant has been .miich recommended in 
 cases of gravel. It is used either iii powder or 
 decoctioii. y 
 
 CoNypLvDLUs Peeeknis, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 Convolvulus pes CA'pjREiE, Bargada. A 
 plant used in India as a cataplasm in arthritic 
 cases. , ' " 
 
 Convolvulus Soamujo'n'ea seu Soammo'nia, 
 C. SyridmirS. The systematic nanae of, the 
 Scamlmony Plant. A Syrian and Mexican 
 plant| the concrete gummi-resinous,' juice of 
 which, Scammio'nia, Sca7nmo7ii(R'Git7nmi Resi'- 
 na, Scammonium, S. Syriaeum, Hidgrydfiusn, 
 Pacrydion, Sccmmmny, Mahmovdy, (^ . ) Scami- 
 monee d'Alep^ comes to us in blackish-gjjay frag- 
 ments, becoming whitish-yellow when touched 
 with wet fingers.. It is ,a drastic, hydragogue 
 cathartic. Dose, gr. iijj to gr. xv, triturated 
 with sugar. - ' 
 
 Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Sbldanellai 
 '■ Convol'vulus Si/piujh," Convolvuliis major 
 albusj Gi eat. Bindweed, (F.) Idseron des Haies: 
 Grand Liseron. The juice of thjs plant is vio- 
 lently piirgative, and is given in dropsical af- 
 fections. 
 
 Convol'vulus Soldanel'la. The systema- 
 tic name of the Sea ConvolvMiua, Bras'sicn 
 Mari'nfz, Calyste'gia Soldanella^ Sea Bind- 
 weed, Convol'vzilus Marit'imus, Soldanel'la, 
 (F.) Chou Marin. The leaves of this plant 
 are said to be drastic cathartic ; but they are 
 not much, if at all, used. 
 
 Convolvulus Syeiacus, Convolviilus scam- 
 I monia. 
 
CONVULSIBILITAS 
 
 CoNyoL'vTJLirs Tttepe'thum, Turpe't 
 The systematic name of the TurUMplant. (F.) 
 Racine de Turhith. The cortical part of the 
 toot of this species ofconvolvulils is,hrdught 
 from the East Indies. It is a cathartic, but not 
 xised. ,, , ' 
 
 CONVULSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendi- 
 num. 
 
 CONVULSIF, Convulsive. ■ 
 
 CONVULSIO, Convulsion— c. Canina, see 
 Canine laugh.; ' 
 
 Convbl'sio Cerea'iis, Cqnvulsiq ab Xlsti- 
 lag"in,i, Ergotisin/us spasmod'icus , iPIyrmed'a- 
 sis^ Rdpha'nia) M'^'r'mecias''mus, Convul'sio So- 
 lonien'sis, Wyrmeds'-mus^ J\![yrmeco^sis , Cereal 
 Cbnvulsion^iV *) Cqnpulszon cerealej Ergotisms 
 eonvulsif, Conviilsio^ de^ Soldgne. A singular 
 disorder' of the convulsive kind, attended vifjth 
 a peculiar tingling and formication in the arms 
 and legs. It is said to be endemic in some parts 
 of Germany, and to arise , often .from the use of 
 spoiled corn. . ' 
 
 CoNvuLsio Habitoalis, Chorea — c. Indica, 
 Tetanus — c. Eaphania, Raphania — c. Solbnipn- 
 sis, C./cerealis, Ergotism^^c. Tonics, Tonic 
 spasm — c. Uteri, Abortion. 
 
 CONVUL'SION, SpasmuJ, Conyul'sio, from 
 eonvellere, (core and vellere, 'totear,') 'to pulj 
 together ;' CoTid^e'tiD, Hieran'osus, I)iste?i'tio 
 .nbrvoWwn, Spasmus cldn'icus, Clonic Spasm, 
 Convul'sio clqn'ica, Eclav^p'sia, Syspa'sia 
 Convul'sioj Hyper.spasm/ia^ This word has 
 several acceptations . It melaps any violent per- 
 version of the animal movements. The word 
 Convid'sions genej'allyi however, signifies al-' 
 ternate contractions, violent and involuntary, 
 of muscles, which habitually Contract , only 
 under the influence of the will. This alternate 
 contraction, when slight, is called tremor: 
 wten strong and permanent, tetanus, trismus, 
 &c. Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardonicus, and 
 St. Vitus's JDanee are convulsions, T 
 
 Convulsion, Salaam'. A n?ame given to a 
 singular kind of convulsion in children, in 
 which there is a peculiar bobbing of the head 
 forward. — Sir Charles Clarke. 
 
 CpNWLSIONDBSOLQGNE,Comu\sio 
 cerealis. 
 
 CbNWLSIONNAIRE, (F.) A name 
 given, during the last century, to individuals, 
 who had, or affected to have, convulsions, pro- 
 duced by religious ideas. 
 
 CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclamp- 
 sia— c. des Enfans, Eclampsia — c. des Femmes 
 enceintes et en couches, 'Eclam^ia. gravidj^rum 
 et parturientiura— tC. Puei'peral, Eclampsia gra- 
 vidarum et parturientium. ^ 
 
 CONVUL'SIVE, Convulsi'vus, Spasmo'des, 
 Agitato'rius, (F.) Convulsif. That which is 
 accompanied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, 
 as convulsive cough, convulsive disease. 
 
 CONYZAjirluladysenterica — c. Cbmaaurea, 
 Solidago Virgaurea — c. Media, Inula dy senterica. 
 
 CoNT'zA Squaero'sa, Brcphoc'tonon, Great 
 Eleahane or Spikenard, (F.) JSerbe auxm^ouches. 
 A European plant, whose strong and disagreea- 
 ble odour was formerly considered to be de- 
 structive to flies, fleas, &c. Its infusion in wine, 
 was once used as an emmenagogue and anti- 
 icteric; in vinegar as an anti-epileptic. 
 
 COOKERY, Culinary art. , , 
 
 COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot. 
 
 COOPERCULUM OCULI, Palpebra. 
 
 218 
 
 COPPERAS 
 
 COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage. 
 
 COOS'TRUM. The middle part oif the dia- 
 phragm .-Kuland.' 
 ' COFAHXr, Cppaiba. 
 
 COPA'IBA. The resinous juice of the .Co- 
 pdifera officina'lis, 9.tA other spepies of Co- 
 paifera. Family, LeguminosEB* Sex. . Syst; 
 Decandi:ia Mondgynia. It is the Copaiferse 
 off.eina'lis Resi'ria,, RaV sa/nvwm Copcdhce, B, 
 Brazilien'si, B.de Copaiba, B. Capi'vi, Bal- 
 sam of Oopfdba. or Vopaiva, (F.) Copahu, 
 Baume deCopahu, B. du Bresil, Teribinthe de 
 CopAhu. Its odour is peculiar, hut not un- 
 pleasant; taste pungent, bitter; consistence, 
 syrupy; colour yellowish, and transparent. It 
 is soluble in alcbhpl, ether, and the expressed 
 oils.' S. g. 0.950. Its properties aire stimu- 
 lant and diuretic :. in large doses it is purgative. 
 It acts onthe lining' membraii^ of the urethiS, 
 and on mucous membranes in general. It is 
 given ih. gonorrhoea, gleet, leucofrhoea, &(r.; hi 
 the dose of gtt. x to 3J, twice or thrice a day. 
 Slrould symptom^ of urticaria or diarrhoea arise, 
 the dose is too latge, and must be diminished. 
 It can be inspissated by means of magnesia so 
 as to be made into pills, and "recently a plan has 
 been devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so 
 that its taste is entirely concealed. See Cap- 
 sules, gelatinous. , 
 
 COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba. 
 
 COPAL', Copale^ Resina Ctipal.t Aresinoos 
 substance brought from the E^st Indies, South 
 America, and the western coast of Afripa, which 
 flows spontaneously from - Elsocar'pus Ccpii- 
 lifera or Vaie'ria Ind'ica, and fprohably frijin 
 different species df IIymin,ai'a.' It Js a'stimii- 
 lant, like all the resins ; and, dissolved in recti- 
 fied spirit of wine, has been u^ed in cases of 
 spongy gums and looseness of the teeth; but It 
 is. now only employed in varnishes, 
 
 COPE, Cut. '• 
 
 COPHOMA, Co^osis. 
 
 COPHONlA, Acouophonia. . • 
 
 COPHO'SIS, Copho'ma, Coph'.Btes,Sur'ditas, 
 Para€u'sis,Dys^sthe'siaaudito^ria;flomxw(ptif, 
 ' deaf.' (F.) S-nrdite. Diminution or loss of 
 hearing. Cullen uses the word synonyniously 
 with Dyseccea, and Pinel with Faracpa'myi 
 Pdrao'di. According to Sauvages, Qophsii 
 differs from both, — from Di/secaa, because, in it 
 the sonorous rays cannotr reach the' labyrinth; 
 and from Paramusia, which cbttsista in a con- 
 fused state of hearings i .' , 
 
 Cophosis seems, usually, to be .jynorijTnous 
 with dsafness,^P«rac«'jM Sur'ditas. 
 
 COPHOTES, Cophosis. 
 
 COPOS, Lassitu'do, Fati'ga'tid, Las'situdt, 
 Fatigue. A state of body in which most of tie 
 animal functions are exerted with less prompti- 
 tude ajid vigour than common. The anciients 
 admitted three species: 1. That arising from 
 plethora, Lassitu'do tensi'va, tono'des','i. From 
 plethora and increased heat combined, -EassW- 
 do phlegTnono'sa, sestuo'sa, phlegmtmo'ies, and, 
 3. Owing to a rnofbid condition of the hiimoui?, 
 Lassitu'do uUero'sa, helco'des. 
 
 COPPER, Cuprum— c. Ammoniated, . Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum — c. Ammonio-sulphate of. 
 Cuprum ammqniatum — c. Subacetate of, Cupri 
 subacetas — c. Sulphate of, Cupri sulphas— (• 
 Ammoniacal sulphate of. Cuprum ammoniatum. 
 
 COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas— c. White, Zintv 
 sulphas. P 
 
COPPER-NOSE 
 
 919 
 
 CORALLINA 
 
 COPPER-NOSEj Gutta rosea. 
 
 COPRACHASIA, Scbraci-asia. 
 
 COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 COPRAGO'GUM, from xon^ot, ' fsecfes,' and 
 flywj ' I bring away.' Siercus i ^•imis viis edu-^ 
 cms. A cathattic. The name of a l^ative 
 electuary, mentioned by Ruland. 
 
 COPRECCRITICUg, Coprocriticus., 
 
 COPREM'ESIS, Copriem'esis, Vom'itus fsecu- 
 kn'tus seu ster'ayris : same etymon as the next. 
 Vomiting of fseces. 
 
 COPREM'ETUS,' Coproem'el'^s, Copri'em'- 
 etus, Merdiv'oimis, from xoTtgo;, 'excrement,' 
 and «|ii«iu, ' I vomit.' One who vomits faeces. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis. 
 
 COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROCRIT'ICUS, Goprecerit'icus, from 
 TKTi^og, ' excrement,', and xgtvu), 'I separate.' 
 A mild cathartic ; an eccoprotic; 
 
 COPROEMETUS, Copremetus. 
 
 COPROEPISCHESIS, Constipation. 
 
 COPROLITHUS, see Calculi bf the stomach 
 and intestines. 
 
 COPROPHORESIS, C?itharsis. 
 
 COPROPHORIA, Catharsis. 
 
 COPRORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COPROS, Excrement. 
 
 COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis. 
 
 COPROSCLERP'SlS,.frqm xonqog, 'excre- 
 ment,' and oxlii^oiii, ' I harden.' Induration of 
 faecal matters ;" CopTosclero'ma. 
 
 COPROSXASlSj Constipation. 
 
 COPTE, Coptbn, born, xojitw, 'I beat or 
 pound.' A sortof cake, 'composed of vegetable 
 substances, which the ancients administered 
 intiernally, and applied to the epigastric region 
 in the form of cataplasm; , .. 
 
 COPTlS,Coptistrifo'lia,JHgel'la,IItllei'oru.i 
 trifo'llus, Pibra au'rea, Chryzaflbrmt/reajAne- 
 mo'niS Gronlan'dica, Gold thread, Mouth roht. 
 The root of this — Coptis, (Ph. V. S.) — is much 
 used in Massachusetts, in aphthous and other 
 ulcerations of the mouth, as a local- application. 
 It is a pure bitter, and can be uSed, wherever 
 such is indicated. 
 
 CopTis TEKTXfMishme Tee^o, (Upper Assam) 
 Honglane (Chinese.) The root of this plant is 
 eoQsidered to be a powerful tonic and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 COPTON, Copte. 
 
 COPULA, Ligament — c. Carnalis, Coition — 
 c. Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis — c. Magna 
 cerebri, Corpus callosum. 
 
 COPULATION, Coition. 
 
 COPYO'PIA, Kopyo'pia, (F.) Lassit^ide om- 
 laire,' flora xonof, 'fktigue,' and imfi, 'the eye.' 
 Fatigue of vision.^ Weakness of sight; Ina- 
 bility of the eye to sustain continued exertion. 
 
 COQ, Phasianus Gallus. 
 
 COQUE DXT LEVANT, see Menispermum 
 eocculus^'c. d'CEuf,see Ovum — c. Levant, see 
 Menispermum cocculus. 
 
 <;0Q UELICOT, Papaver j\uehs. 
 
 COQUBLOURDE, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 COQXTELUCHE, Influenza, Pertussis. ' 
 
 COQUEN'TIA MEDICAMENT'A,from eo- 
 qvere, ' to digest.' Medicines, which were for- 
 merly believed to be proper for favouring the 
 coction or digestion of food. 
 
 COQUERET, Physalis. 
 
 COQUETTE fjnfinenza. :, 
 
 COQUILLE, Cochlea— e.rf'OTw/, see Ovum. 
 
 COR, A corn. Also, Heart, (q. v.) 
 
 CoE RoviNUMi Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 CORACOBRACHIiEUSjCor'acobj'achialis. 
 
 COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL,Cor'o<!oBra<!Aia'«J!. 
 Belonging both to the coracoid process andarm. 
 
 CokacO-Bbachialxs (JVIuscle,) Coraeobr^iehiT 
 a'ua, Goraep-humeral — (Ch.), Ferfora'ttta Cas- 
 se'kii, Ferforatus, is situate at the inner and 
 upper part of the arm. It ari^ses froln t)^ 
 coi^acoid process of the scapula, and is inserted 
 at the middle part of the inner side of the hu- 
 merus. It carries the arm forwards and in- 
 wards, raising the humerus a little. It can, 
 also, by acting inversely, depress the shoul- 
 der. 
 
 CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraeo-elavicv- 
 la'ris. Belonging to the cor^'coid process and 
 clavicle. 
 
 CokacoClavicvlaeLigament, — called,also, 
 Omo-clavicular,r—sexye:a to unite the clavicle to 
 ,the coracoid process. It is very irregular, and 
 formed of two fti?ciculi, which the greater part 
 of anatomists have described as particular liga- 
 ments, under the names Cohoid and Trapezoid. 
 
 CORACODES, Cofacoidi 
 
 CORACO-HUMERALIS, . Coraco-brachialis 
 — c. Hyoi4eus, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Bi- 
 ceps flexor cubiti. "" i 
 
 COR'ACOID, Cpracoide'ns, Coracoidea, Co- 
 rbco'des, 0, Frooess'as, Comicata'ris Procea»it», 
 Crow's-beak-like Process, Froces^sus. anckora'- 
 lis', Tostriform'is, aneyrai'des, from xaqa.^, 'a 
 crow,' and £1*0?, ' resemblance.' (F.) Cfracaidt'. 
 Resembling the beak of a crow. A name given 
 by (3a,len, (and still, retained,) t6 the short, 
 thick process, situate at the anterior part of the 
 upper margin of the scapula;^ which has, some 
 resemblance to the beak of a crow. This pro- 
 cess gives attachment to the Coraco-elavic'ttlar 
 and Coraco-acro'niial ligaments, and to the Co- 
 raco-braehia' lis Fectord'lis minor, and Biceps 
 muscles. 
 
 Coracoid Lk^'amenT, Ligamen'tum coracoi- 
 deum, (F.) i, Coracoidien. This name is given 
 to the small fibrous fasciculus,- which converts 
 the notch, at the superior livargiii of the scapula, 
 into a foramen. 
 
 COR AIL, Coral— «, des XardHns, Capsiciuii 
 annuum. -, ' / 
 
 CORAL, Coral'lium, Coral'lus, Axbar Maris, 
 Afiur, Bolesis, fropi xogsiu, 'J adorn,.' and 'oJs, 
 'the sea.' (F.) Corail. One of the most beau- 
 tiful productions of the deep. It is fixed to. sub- 
 marine rocks, in the form of a shrub; and is of 
 a bright, red colour. It is the habitation of a 
 njultitude of animals, of the Zoophyta order, 
 and is formed of a calcareous substance, se- 
 creted by the animals themselves. It is in very 
 hard, concentric layers; covered, externally, by 
 a species of porous b^rk, full of pellulesj each of 
 which contains one of these animals; LiBnseus 
 calls the red coral, Isis noi'iks, and M. de La- 
 marck, Coral'lium ruirufi. It is much fished 
 for on the coasts of Barbary and Sicily. Coral 
 was formerly esteemed tonic, absorbent, astrin- 
 gent, &c. ; but analysis has shown, that it con- 
 tains only carbonate of lime and a little gelatin. 
 — Dioscorides, Pliny, Oribasius, the Geoponica, 
 &c. The Corallium album is a hard, vfhite 
 calcareous brittle substance, the nidus of the 
 Madrep'ora ocula'ta.. It has been given as an 
 absorbent. . - 
 
 CORALLI'NA. Diminutive of Corallium: 
 
CORALLINE t>S CORSE 
 
 330 
 
 CORItTM 
 
 Musais inarii'imus, Coridlin,a,officylm,'li's, Brian, 
 Cordllinaitlba,S<SaCor'atline,WhiteWbrm-teeed. 
 The produclioil of an atiihialj which belohgs to 
 the geYius Polypi, and which is fouhd in iH the 
 seas of Europe; — pattttularlyih the Mediterra- 
 nean. It has the appeatance of a plant, is ho- 
 mogeneous, an ihchoi; two in height, of a white, 
 reddish, or greenish colour, salt taste, and*^ ma- 
 rine smfell. It contains gelatin, albumen, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, phosphate, carbonate and sul- 
 phate of ihne, carbonate of magnesia, Silica, 
 oxide of irptt, and a coiouring principle. It was 
 once much used as a vermifuge; but it is not 
 now employed. Dose, Ijss, to ^i in poAvderi 
 
 CoRAi.i.i*A CoksijCA'NA., Helmintko-cortoil, 
 Helimnthochort'um, .lEl^imho-aih'ton, Mu'scus 
 helmintfw-boi^os, Mditho-vortm,, Museus corcU- 
 U'nus, M. Mari'nus, Oonfelr'va Hdmiiitho'Mr- 
 tos, (JOralli'Tid rubi'a, X!ofedli"na imeliio-torton, 
 Lemitko-corlon, Pucu^ Helmintho-corton, Cera'- 
 fftmnti helminthmhort'ns, Gbrsicaii Warm^weed, 
 (F.) Coralline de fCor^e, Mousse' di Corse. It 
 is a mixture of several marine plants knd zoo'- 
 phytes, as the fucus, ceramiunt, 'UlvA, coralHn'e, 
 rarifervse, &c., and has gained great reputation 
 for destroyin'g all kinds,' of intestinal worms, 
 when given in the form of strong decoction. 
 The Geneva Pharmacopoeia directs ah officinal 
 syfup— the Sirup de 'Coralline. . 
 
 CORALLINE 2)£- COiJS£, Corallina Cor- 
 sicana. "- 
 
 CORALLQIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria Coral- 
 loides. 
 
 CORALWORT, ClaVaria coralloides. 
 
 ■CORD, Funis, Funic'ulus, Ckebnos, Chiz'nion, 
 );t>ivnc, jrairiiiv, from the Xj^Am Chorda, wbiich 
 is itself derived from /OQiij, 'intestine;' and, 
 afterwards, was applied to musical cord^ 'or 
 strings, made of the intestines ofanimals. See 
 Chordaj ' 
 
 Cord, Umbilical^ Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 CoKDS, Vocal, Cords 0/ Ferrein, Chorda vo- 
 ra'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name Igiven to the liga- 
 ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared 
 to stretched cords, and to which he attributed 
 the production of voice. See Thyreb-atytenoid 
 Ligament. 
 
 'CfORDA, Chorda — c.,-Hippocratis,- Achillis 
 tendo — ;C. Magna, Achillis tendo^c. Spinalis, 
 Medulla; spinalis. 
 
 CORDE DU TAMBOUR,ChordSL tympani 
 — c. du Tyin.pan, Chorda tympani. 
 
 eORDEE, Chordee. 
 
 CpRDIA MYXA, Sebestina— c. Smooth- 
 le?ayfed, Sebestina. 
 
 COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi' aeus, from, cor, 
 nbrdis, ' the heart.' A -tonic or excitant medi- 
 cine, judged proper for exciting the heart. A 
 %<'arm stomachic. 
 
 Cordial,, Nervous, BftoDDM's, see Tinctura 
 gsntianae composita— c. Sir Walter Raleigh^ 
 Confectio aromatica^— c. Warner's, see Tinctu- 
 ra rhei et sennae. 
 
 CORDIFORM TENDON OF THE DIA- 
 PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic. 
 
 CORDINE'MA, from xaga, 'the head,' and 
 Jivfto, 'I move about.' Headache, accompanied 
 with vertigo. See Carebaria. 
 
 CORDIS EMUNCtORIUM, Axilla. 
 
 CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. 
 
 CORDON, (F.) Funic'ulus, diminutive of 
 funis, < a cord.' A term applied to many parts, 
 which resemble a small cord. 
 
 CQRpON NERVEVX; Ramus mnb'siu. 
 A principal division of a nerVfe or thehervtfus 
 trunk itself. 
 
 CORDON OMBILIGALMi FuhicaWs utn- 
 bilicalis^-ci Spermatique, Sjiematie !Gfaord-»«. 
 Testieldaire, Spermatic chord. 
 
 CORDONS' SUS-FTTBIENS, Round ligt- 
 ments of the utertis-^c. Vaevulairea-, Rj)Uhd li- 
 gaments of the uterus. , 
 , CORE, Pupil, See Furunculus. 
 
 CORECTOMlA,, Coretomia. 
 
 CORECTOP'IA, from »te.,,-*th6 pupil;' „, 
 'out of,'and tos-os, 'place.' A condition of the 
 iris in Which one segrnent is largfer than the 
 ot^er ; so that the pupil is not in the S'ehtre.^ 
 Von Ajnmon. ' 
 
 COREDIALTSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 CORE'MATA, from xogaa,, '1 tieattse.' Re- 
 medies proper for cleansing the skin.vPanlus 
 of jEgina. 
 
 COREMOBPHO'MA, same etyMoh as the 
 next. A morbid change in the shape of the 
 pupil. V 
 
 COREMORPHQ'SIS, Conformaltio PupUl'it 
 artificia'lis ; from xn^rj, ' the pupil,' and /ioma- 
 o-tc,' formation.'- The operation for artificial 
 pupil. See Coretomia. ^ 
 
 COREON'CION, Coron'itotli Corem'dtm, 
 from^xojy, ' the pupil,' and oyximv, 'a faooli.' An 
 instrumentj used for the 'formation of artificial 
 pupil by Laagenbiecki It is hooked at its far- 
 tremity. A double koohed forceps, tised bjr 
 Von Grafe, is similarly named. 
 
 CORETQiDlALYSIS,' Coretomia. • '^ 
 
 C0RETOMEDIALYSIS,Cb!tetoaialy9is, 
 
 CORETOM'IA, from x(jg«,-'the pupil,' and 
 TsjiVtir, 'to cut-' ' Corotorfi'ia, Goretotcu'iUjM- 
 dptom'ia, Oorectom'ih, Goreton^btowt'ia, Iridet' 
 ■tom'ia,Iridectoirtee!tal'-ysis,Irid6cto'modial'%aia, 
 Coredial'ysis, CorodiaV ysis, CbrttodidVysis, 
 •Coretomedial'ysis, Iridodial'ysis. Various oJ6- 
 rations for the formation of artificial pupil are 
 so termed. The last five signify the separa- 
 tion or tearing asunder of the iJis from the cili- 
 ary ligament ; the five preceding the incision of 
 the iris, with loss of suba.tancej and the remain- 
 der signify a simple incision of the iris, vfitKout 
 loss of substance. When a portion 'of the iris is 
 left strangulated in the Wound, it is termed In- 
 denclei'sis ylridencleis'mus ,a,nd Iridotoendvi'sis. 
 
 CORETONECTOMIA, Coretoffiiaj 
 
 CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 CORIANDER, Coriandrum sativum. 
 
 CORIAN'DRUM SATI'VUM, Conan'dtt, 
 CoHan'non, (^ .') Coriandre. i<'omi7y, tJmbel- 
 liferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 systematic name of the Coriam'driiM-ol the 
 pharmaeopceiak ; ' Coria'non. The seeds of the 
 coriander have an aromatic odour, and ^rateftil, 
 pungent taste. They are carminatiVej but are 
 chiefly used Jo cover the taste of oih« medi- 
 cines. 
 
 CORlANNON, Coriandrum sativum. 
 
 CORIGERN, Fucus crispus. 
 
 CORIITIS, Oytitis. 
 
 CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 CORIS, Cimex--c. Monspeliensis, Symphy- 
 tum Petraeum. 
 
 CO'RIUM, Corion, (F.) Cuir. The skis of 
 several animals is so called, especially When 
 tanned. . The cutis vera (q. v.), ox the thickest 
 part of the human skin. 
 
 CoEixjH Phlogis'ticum, Crusta pliuret ica, 
 
CORK 
 
 331 
 
 CORNU 
 
 m Cnfcst or B»ff, Buffy Coat, (Fi) Combine, 
 C. Pleuritique; C. Jnjlammatoire, The gray- 
 ish crust or b^fifJ varying' in thictaesa, obsferyed 
 on WQfld drawn fwm a vein during the exUt- 
 tence of violent inflammation, pregnancy, &c, 
 It is particularly manifest in pleurisy, and 
 hence one of its names. Fo? its, production, it 
 appears to lie requisite, that there should be an 
 increase in the proportion of the flbrioous' ele- 
 ident of the blood over that of the red corpus- 
 des. 
 
 The buff is generally .believed to consirt of 
 fibrin; but, according to the researches of Mul- 
 der, it is composed^of a binoxide of protejlj, 
 which is' insoluble in boiling v?ater, and a tri- 
 tcixide which is polul^le. Tl^ese oxides are com- 
 prehended by Mulder upder the name oxy protein. 
 
 When the blood presents the above appear- 
 8»te, it is said to be b-nffy. 
 
 CORK, Subei-. 
 
 CORMIER, Sorbusdomestica. 
 
 CORMUS. In botany, when thestemflfa 
 plsnt,^ without creeping or rooting, is distended 
 under' ground, retaining a round or oval form, it 
 h so called. TheCormus is vulgarly termed 
 a loot,— ^adix. 
 
 CORN, (Sason co7>n,) (G.) Kern. -In 
 England, this Word means the Oerpalia, or those 
 seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In the 
 TJnited States, Corm always means Indian Corn. 
 Its .'English sense corresponds (o the French 
 Sle or Bled.- , 
 
 CoRN^Clavus, Clavifs Pedis, Ecphy'tna Cla- 
 vua, Qeiimr'sa,(W •) Cor, Ognon, from cprnu, 
 ' horn.' A small, hard, corneous tumour, which 
 forms upon the footrgenerally on the toes; and 
 is commonly produced on the most project- 
 ing parts, by the pressure of too tight shoes. 
 A part of the corn is raised above the skin, and 
 forms aiotuid tumour, like the head of a nail : 
 the other portion, which serves as its base, is 
 buried more or less deeply in the integuments, 
 and occasionally extends as far as the tendons 
 and periosteum. Cqriis may, sometimes, be 
 removed, by immersing the feet in warm wa- 
 ter, but commonly they return. They can, 
 likewise, be destroyed by the knife or caustics ; 
 but these operations are not as simple as they 
 seem. In the way of palliation, they must be; 
 constantly pared; and, for the> putpose of pre- 
 venting pressure, any Soft plaster, spread upon 
 linen or leather, may be applied, with a hole in 
 the centre to receive the' corn ; and layer after 
 layer of plaster be added, until they- attain the 
 level of the corn. When very irritable, the 
 lunar caustic, rubbed over the surface, will 
 generally diminish irritability surprisingly, and 
 in a itiode not easy of explanation. 
 
 CoEM, Zea mays — c. Guinea, Panicum Italr- 
 eam — c. Indian, Zea maysr-c. Wild, Matricaria 
 ehainomilla — c. Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris-T-c, 
 Flower, Centaurea cyanus — Ci Salad, Valeri- 
 ana dentata. 
 
 CORNALINE, Cornelian. 
 
 CORNE, Coma — c. d'Aimnon, Cornu am- 
 monis — e. de , Belier, Cornu ammonis: — c. de 
 Cerf, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Coehlearja corono- 
 pus^ — 0, de Chamgis, Cornu rupicapras^r^c. de la 
 Peau, Cornu. 
 
 CORNE, Corneous. 
 
 COR'NEA, Cornea transpa'rens, C. pelli/r 
 cidm, C. lu'cida, Ceraa, Sclerot'iea aerifpoi'des, 
 
 Ce^^oi'dei aeuCeirnto'des tnemtra'n9,CeratQine'- 
 ninx, Memhra'na cornea; froni «orm«, ' hpM}-' 
 The transjgar^nt cormn. (F.) Cornice,.,. One 
 of the coats of the eye, so called because it has 
 Son),e resemblance to horp. It is termed trans- 
 parent to distinguish it frqpi the ppaifr-r-Comea 
 opd'ea al Sclerotic. It ia coifvex, anteriorly ; 
 toncave, posteriorly s forming nearly one-fljth 
 of the anterior part of the eye, ai}d yepresenting 
 a segment of a sphere ahout ^eyen lines and a 
 half, or .in, 0.6',J5 in diwf ter, It seems to be 
 constitijted ot laminae in "superposition, but of 
 the precise number anatomists are not agreed. 
 Henle assigns jit four ; , the th|rd, a very solid 
 cartilaginous lamella, being , called Memirane 
 de Demouri: m M, de Defeemep,, Messrs, Todd 
 and Bownjan assign it five l^-yera. 
 
 CoENEA, Conical, S.taphylpipa! of the cornea 
 ^f. Opakej Ca^g<}F7-c. Qpaca, Selerptic^e. 
 Su'gar-ioafy Staphyloma of the cornea. 
 
 C0RN£E, Coinei. , 
 
 CORNEltlSy Ceratitis, 
 
 CORNEL, AMERICA^ RED-ROD, Gornus 
 aericea^c. Large-flowered, Cprnus Florida. 
 
 CORNE'LIAN^r Cfrne'lian, ChaUedo'nius, 
 Carne'olus, J^et-pis Coirne'elps, Gorne'lus, Cor- 
 nt'olus, Jjopi^ Sard'ius, (F<) Cornaljne. A 
 precious, semi-transparent stone, found in Sar- 
 dinia. The ancients ascribed to it a number of 
 absurd propetties- 
 
 CORNELUg, Cornelian. 
 
 CORNEOLUS, CbrneJian. 
 
 COR'NEOUS, Cor'neus, (jF.) Com4. Having 
 the nature or appearance qf ^orn. 
 . Co^ripoxis Tissue is that wh^ch forms the 
 nails. The corneous membrane is the eornea, 
 
 CORNES DE UMaCON (¥.) Snail's 
 Horns. A name given by Anel, to the lachry- 
 mal puncta and ducts. 
 
 CORNES DE LAMATRICE, Gornua 
 uteri-^e. de. la'Pec^ii, Horny excrescences. ' 
 
 CORNESTAi Retort. 
 
 - CORNET ACOUSTIQUE, Ear-trumpet— 
 c. JWb^era, Turbinated bone, middle — c.de Mor- 
 gagni. Turbinated bone, superior. 
 
 CORNETS DEBERTIN, Sphenoidal cor- 
 nua — c. Sphinoidtfvx, Sphenoidal cornua. 
 
 CORNICHON, see Cucumis sativus. 
 
 CORNICULA'RIS PROCES'SUS,' Coracoid 
 prbcess. 
 
 CORNIC'ULIIM:,,. dimin\?tiye of cornu, 'a 
 horn,' ' a little horn.' A species of cupping in- 
 strument, shaped like a trumpet, haying a hole 
 at the top for sucking the air out, to diminish 
 the pressure in its iaterior.^Scultetus, Hilda- 
 nus. - ^ ' ' 
 
 CoBNrcuLUM Laeyn'gis, Capit'ulum Sa/nto- 
 ri'rfi seu Laryn'gi^, Supra-ar;ytenoid Car'ti- 
 lages, Capit'ulum Cartilag"inis arytenoidaese. 
 A small, very mP^^hle, cartilaginous tubercle, 
 found on the arytenoid cartilages, 
 
 CORNIER, Cornus Flori(fii. 
 
 CORNIFICATION, Raeornissement, 
 
 CORNINE, see Cornus Florida. 
 
 CORNOUILLER, Cornus florida— c a 
 Feuilles arrondies, Cornus cir'cinata — re. a 
 Chandes fieurs, Cornus Florida— rc. Soyeux, 
 Cornus sericea. 
 
 CORN0, Ceras, Corn, Horn. (F.) Corbie. 
 A conical, hard, epidermeous projection, which 
 grows on the heads of certain animals, serving 
 them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to parts of the 
 
CORNUA 
 
 S33 
 
 CORONAL 
 
 human body, which have nearly the same shape 
 as the 'horns of animals. 
 
 CoRNtr. A horny excrescence. A Corneous 
 Wart, which occasioilally forms on the skin, 
 and requijjes the use^of the knife ; (F.) Gorne 
 de la Peau. See Corn. Also, . Cornu ' Cervi. 
 See'Cervus. Also, a Retort'. ' 
 
 Cornu AonsircuM, Ear-trumpet. 
 
 Cornu Ammo'nis, Coriiu Arie'tis^ Hippo- 
 ea/m'pus,'ma^6ri Pes hipppjsa-ni'pi major. Pes hip- 
 popot'amimujor, Protuberan'tia eylind'Hca,Vef- 
 mis Somh^"inus, Ptoces'sus cere''bri latera'Hs, 
 (F..) Coxne d'Ammwn, Corne de Belieri Grande 
 Hipj^oeampe, Pied de cUeval marine Frottlhir. 
 ranee cylin^dTaide' (f^.), Bourrelet roule.' A 
 broad, considerable eminence, curved on itself, 
 and situate at the posterior part of- the lateral 
 ventricle. Its surface presents ' two or three 
 tubercles separated from each other by shallow 
 grooves. 
 
 The Accesso'rius Pedis Hippocamp'i', (F.) Ac- 
 cessoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence, 
 usually formed by the base of the inferior cprnu 
 of the lateral visntricle of the brain. It is merely 
 a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne 
 called Cuissart ou A^'^tire des Jarn-bes. 
 
 Cornu Anterius VenIric'uli Latera'lis; 
 Anterior Cornu of the Lat'eral Ven'tricle. The 
 portion of the lateral ventricle of the brain, 
 which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, and 
 forms the commencement of that cavity. 
 
 Cornu Cervi, Cornu, Hartshorn, Cornu Cer- 
 iii'num, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, (F.) Come de 
 cerf. The horns of various spefcies of the stfig. 
 They contain about 27 per cisnt. of gelatin. The 
 Shavings, jRaspatu'rasenRas'uraCornuCervi, 
 C. G. raspa'twm, boiled in ^ater, have, conse- 
 quently, been esteemed emollient and nutritive. 
 
 When burnt, they constitute the Cornu cervi 
 '•■alirina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas 'Ctdcis, 
 Calca'ria phosj)hor'ica,(V S) Cornede cerfealci- 
 uee, which consists of 57.5 per cent, of phos- 
 phate of lime. It has been used as an antacid, 
 but is wholly inert, as its jcomposition would 
 indicate. It contains only 1 per cent, of car- 
 bonate of lime. " 
 
 Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a 
 bezoardic p'o^er. — J. Vesti. 
 
 Cornu (Cervinum) Ceryus, Plantago coro- 
 nopus — c. Ethmoidal, Tur;binated bone, iniddle. 
 
 Cornu Desoen'dens Ventric'uli Latera'- 
 lis, Dig"ital Cav'ity, Desceriding or inferior 
 cornu of the Idtetfai^ventricle. The termination 
 of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe of the 
 brain, behind the fissure of Sylvius. 
 
 Cornu, MiDi)LE, -Turbinated bone, middle. 
 J Cornu Rupioa'pr^, (F.) Corne de Chamois. 
 The' horn of ' the chamois. It has the same 
 properties as the Cnrnu Cervi. 
 
 CORNUA, Turbinated bones. 
 
 CoRNUA Cartilag"inis Thtroide.e. Emi- 
 nences on the thyroid cartilage, distinguished 
 into great or superior, which are articulated 
 with the great cornu of the os hyoides; — and 
 into small or inferior, united with the cricoid 
 cartilage. ^ ; 
 
 CoRNUA CoCCT'Gis, Cornua of the Coccyx. 
 Two small, tubercular eminences at the base 
 of the coccyx, which are articulated with those 
 of the sacrum. 
 
 Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences. 
 
 CoRNUA Htoidei Ossis, Radi'ces ossis hyoV- 
 dei, Cornua of the Hyoid Bone. Four frag- 
 
 ments of the OS hjfoides, situate above the bodf 
 of the bone, and distinguished into the smalt oi 
 superior^ and the great or lateral. 
 
 ' CoEisuA LACHRyMAi,iA,Lachrynial.duct9— c. 
 Limacum, Lachrymal ducts, see Lachrymal 
 puncta. . ' 
 
 CoENUA PostE'Rips Ventric'toi Latera'lis, 
 Posterior Cornu of the Lateral Yentriele, The 
 triangular prolongation of the lateral ventricle 
 of the brain into the substance of the occipital 
 lobe. - 
 
 Cornua Sacra 'lia, Cornua of the Saentm, 
 Two tubercles, situate at the posterior jmB in- 
 ferior surface of the sacrum, which are some- 
 times united. 
 ■ Cornua, Styloid, see Hyoides os. 
 
 Cornua U'teki, Cornua of the V'terus, C«- 
 >«<?, xtfiiiti, Plec'tanas, (F.) Cornes de la Ma- 
 tricci The angles of the uterus, where the Fal- 
 lopian tubes arise.~ Sometimes applied to the 
 Fallopian-tubes themselves. ' 
 
 ' CORNUJS, Retort. 
 
 CORNUMUSA, Retort. 
 
 CORNUS AMOMUS, C. sericea^6. Bine- 
 berried, e. Sericea. 
 
 CoRNus Ciroina'ta, Round-leaved ■ Dug. 
 wood, (F.) Cornouiller h feuilles' arrondusi 
 The bark of this variety has been used for siaii- 
 lar purposes with the next. 
 
 CoRNUs Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Box- 
 tree. Bitter Redberry', Ijarge-Jlowered Cornel, 
 3/Lale Great-jlowered Dogwood, Florida Bog- 
 wood, Virginian Dogwood, Boxwood, (Nete 
 England,) (F.) Cornouiller, Cornier, C. a 
 grandes fleurs . The bark of this beautiful tree, 
 which grows everywhere In the United States; 
 haS been long employed as a substitute for cin- 
 chona. Dose, from gss to gji ' Its active princi- 
 ple has been separated, from it, and received the 
 name of Cornine. 
 
 CoRNus F(emina, C. sericea — c. Masqdorata, 
 Lalirus, sassafras — c. Rubiginosa> C: sericea— c. 
 Sanguinea, Sebestina, C. sericea; 
 / CoRNUs Seri"cea, Comus amo'mKs, C- /«'- 
 mina, C. rubigirio'sa, C. • sanguin'ea, Swimp 
 Dogviotfd, Red Willow, Rose Willow, New 
 England Dogwood, Female Dogwoodj Silky- 
 leaved 'Dogwood, A'merican red-rod Cornel, 
 Blueberried Dogwood, Blueberried Cornus, (F.) 
 Cornouiller soyeux. The bark, it is Said, 
 has been found little inferior to Cineho'na Pal'- 
 lida in intermittents. — Barton; 
 
 CORNUTA, Retort. 
 
 CORODIALYSIS, Coretomia. . 
 
 CORONA, Crown— c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body 
 — c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth— c. Glandis, 
 Crown of the glans-^c. Posterior ulnae, Olecra- 
 non. 
 
 CoRo'NA Ri^'DiANS,Rddiating Crewnof Rei!' 
 Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all direc- 
 tions from every part of the surface of the optic 
 thalamus, excepting its inner side, which is 
 free and corresponds to the third ventricle ; the 
 anterior of these fibres pass direptly forwards, 
 the middle fibres outwards, and the posterior 
 backwards, -forming the'coro'na radians. 
 
 Corona Regia, Trifoliuni melilotus— c. Ul- 
 nae, Olecranon — ^c. Veneris, Crown of Venus. 
 
 CORONA CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, 
 Ciliary zone — c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
 
 COROIiAL, Corona' lis, Corona'rius. Re- 
 lating to the crown; from corona, 'a crown. A 
 name formerly given to the frontal bone, be- 
 
CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF 223 
 
 CORPORA ALBICANTIA 
 
 «anse on it partly reposes the crowin of )dngs, 
 &c. 
 
 Co.KONAL SuTCKEi SvMi'ra cotona'lis, S. 
 Fronto-parieta'lis, P-uppis Sittura, S. Arcua'- 
 Hs. The suture of the head, which, extends 
 froBi one temporal bone to the other, over the 
 crown of the head, and unites the parietal hones 
 with the frontal. The Suture Coronale of the 
 French anatomists is, the suture which unites 
 the two halves of the os frontis at the early pe- 
 riod of life. It is a prolongation of the sagittal. 
 
 CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy. 
 They received their^ name frpm an erroneous 
 notion, that they are particularly adapted for 
 curing diseases of the os frontis. T^eir tem- 
 perature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free 
 carhonic acid, sulpkates of lime and magnesia, 
 chlorides of sodium and magnesium, &c., and 
 some iron. "■ 
 
 CORONARIirs, Coronal. 
 
 COI^'ONARY, Corona!riu3, (F.) Coronaire, 
 from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown. 
 
 Cor'onaey Ae'tery of the Stomach, Art/-: 
 ria Corona'ria Ventric'uH, A. Gds'trica swpe'- 
 rior, ,(^") Artere cnronaire sitymdehique. A, 8tO' 
 mogastriqjie (Ch.), is. one of the branches J of 
 the coeliac,, which passes towards the superior 
 orifice of the stomach, extends along its lesser 
 curvature, and ends by anastomosing with the 
 pyloric branch of the hepatic. This artery fur- 
 nishes branches to the inferior part of the oeso- 
 phagus, the cardiac orifice, the great cul-d^-sd'c, 
 the middle part of the stomachj Qie lesser omen- 
 tum, and anastomoses with the other arteries 
 of those organs. 
 
 CoRONAEY'LiGfAMENTof the liver is a reflec- 
 tion of the peritoneum, which surrounds the 
 posterior margin of the liver. The same term 
 is likewise applied to liganients, which unite 
 the radius and ulna. 
 
 CoEQNAEY Plexus of the Heaet. The an- 
 terior and posterior coronary plexusep of the 
 heart are derived from the cardiac plexus. 
 
 CoEoMAEY Plexus or the Stomach. ' This 
 plexus of nerves is given off from the upper 
 part of the solar plexus. 
 
 CoKONAEY Sinus of the Heaet, Sinus, coro- 
 nary, venous — c. Sinus of, Ridley^ Sinus coro- 
 narius. . - 
 
 CoEOWAEY VeIS OF THE SlOMACH, Vetta 
 
 Corona'ria Ventric'uH, accompanies the artery 
 and terminates in the vena porta. Simmering, 
 and some other aliatomists, call all the four ar- 
 teries of the stomach Corona'ria stomach'icae. 
 
 CORONCION, Coreoncion. - 
 
 CORO'NE, from ns^iuvi;, 'a crow.' The 
 coronoid process of the lower jaw. 
 
 COR'ONOID, Coronai'des, from xogatij, 'a 
 crow,' and «3oc, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re- 
 sembling the beak of a crow. This name has 
 been giveh to two processes. One, situate at 
 the anterior and superior part of the ramus of 
 the OS maxillare inferius, and affording attach- 
 ment tq the, temporal muscle : the other, called, 
 also, sharp process, situate at the superior part 
 of the ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, 
 and forming a part of the- hinge of the elbow- 
 joint. 
 
 CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus. 
 
 CORON.OPUS, Cochlearia coronopus — c. 
 Ruellii, Cochlearia coronopus. 
 
 COROTOMIA, Coretomia, 
 
 ' CORPORA ALBICANTIA, Mammillary tu- 
 bercles — c. Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tiibercula 
 A.— c. Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora — c. 
 Candicantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary 
 tubercles — c. Fibrosaj Corps Fibreucc'.': 
 
 Coe'poea Fimbeia'ta, Tsenia JUppocaw-'pi, 
 Fimbriated or ftinged bodies, (F.) Corps 
 Frangis, C. Surdes, Bandelettea des Cornes 
 d'A^mmim, Bandeleite de I'Hippocampe. The 
 thin, flattened, and vei;y delicate band; situate 
 along "the concave edge of the cornu ammonis, 
 and which is a continuation of the posterior 
 crura of the fornix. 
 
 CoEPOEA GEHiouiiA'TA,(F.) Corps Genieu{es, 
 C. genouilles. Eminences situate at the lower 
 and outer part, of the optic , thalami. Eaci 
 optic tract commences at the corp'us genicula'- 
 tiim extem'um. . The eorpifs genicula'tum in- 
 tern'um is merely a tubercle inserted into the 
 bend or knee, formed by the corpus genie ulatura 
 externum- 
 
 CoEPOEA Gloeosa Ceevicis Uteri, Nabothi 
 glandulae — c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum^ 
 
 Coe'pora MALpriGHjA'NA, McUpig'hian Bo- 
 dies, Ac"ini of Malpig'hi. Scattered through 
 the plexus formed by the blood-vessels and uri- 
 niferous lubes in the lt;idney, a nujnberof small 
 &rk points may be s6en with the naked eye, 
 which received their name from ilalpighi, their 
 deScriber. Each of thescj under the micro- 
 scope, is found to consist of a convoluted mass 
 of blood-vessels. It was at one time supposed, 
 that the tubuli uritiiferi originate in them; but 
 this does not appear to be the case. Their use 
 is not positively- known, as they have been 
 lately traced by Mr .-'Bowman into the com- 
 mencement of the urinary tubes, in which they 
 lie uncovered; it has been supposed that their 
 ofllce may be to separate the, watery portions 
 of the blood to be mixed with the proper uri- 
 nous matter. 
 
 CoRpoEA Mammillaria, Manc(millary tuher- 
 cles^c. Nervio-spoiigiosa Penis,Corpora caver- 
 nosa — c. Nervosa, Corpora (javernosa. 
 
 Coe!poea Oliva'eia, C. ova'ta, Eminen'tics 
 Oliva'res, Prominen'tia Se'miova'les .Me/dullce 
 Oblonga'ta, (^^minences laterfile^, Ch.) Ob- 
 Ipng, whitish eminences, sitiiateiat the occipital 
 surface of the medulla oblongata, exterior to 
 the corpora pyramidalia. * 
 
 CoEPo.EA OvATA, Corpora olivaria. 
 CoEPOEA Pyeamida'lia, Emincn'tia pyra- 
 rmda'les, (FO Corps ' pyramidaux, Pyramides 
 anterieures(GaM,)£fiiinehees pyramidales (Ch.) 
 Two small mfeduUary eminences, placed along- 
 side each Other, at the bc'cipital surface of the 
 medulla oblongata, between the corpora oliva- 
 ria. These bodies have also been called Cor- 
 pora Pyratnidaiia anti'ca, to distinguish them 
 from the C. olivaria, which havie been called 
 Corpora Pyramidalia latera'lia. , 
 
 Corpora Pyeaijidalia Posterioea, Corpora 
 restiformia — c- Quadrigemina, Q- corpora. 
 
 CoRPoEA |Iestifoe'mia, Crura medul'la ob- 
 longa'iie, Pedun'culi niedullcB oblonga'tce, Co'r- 
 pora pyramidalia posterio'ra, Proces' sus a ce.re- 
 bell'o ad medull'am oblongd iarni, Pas'terior py- 
 ramids, Ped'icncles of the nieduV la oblonga'ta ; 
 Inferior peduncles of the cerebellum, (V.) Corps 
 rfistiformes, Cuisses posterieures, Pyra/mides 
 posterieures, Racihes, Bras ou Jambes du cer- 
 velet, Petites branches de la moelje allongee, 
 Pedoncules du cervelet. Two medullary pro- 
 
CORPS 
 
 224 
 
 CORPUS PAPILLAEE 
 
 jections, oblong, and of a whitish appearance, 
 which proceed irom each side of the upper ex- 
 tremity of the medulla oblongata; and contri- 
 bute to the formation of th^ cerebellum. 
 
 Corpora Stria't^a, Grand gaiiglion supi- 
 rieur du ^erveau (Gall,) Couches des nerfy eth- 
 moidOMx, Corps catinelis, Eminen'tise Lenticu- 
 li^res, ColHc'idi N^rvi EiRmoidet'Hsj Ap'i'ces 
 Crurum medtU'lee ohloUga'tai Gan'glion c&r'- 
 ehri ante'rius, (F.) Corps strips, ■ Pyriform 
 eminences, of a slightly brownish-gray colour, 
 which form part of the Aoot of the lateral ven- 
 tricles of the brain. When cut, a mixture of 
 gray and white substance is seen, arranged al- 
 ternately, to which they owe their name. The 
 tract of fibres that ascends from the anterior 
 P3rramids passes chiefly into them. Willis 
 considered that the soul resided there. . 
 
 Corpora Striata Supebha Posteriora, 
 Thalami nervorum opticorum. 
 
 CORFS, Body — c. Bordes, Corpora fimbri- 
 ata — e. Calleux, Corpus callosum — c. Canneles, 
 Corpora striata — <?. Cavemeux, Corpora cavei:- 
 nosa — e. Cendre, Corpus dentatum— c." Ciliaire, 
 Corpus dentatiim^^c. Dentele^ Corpus dentatum 
 — e. itrdnger, Exfraheous body — o. Festonne, 
 Corpus dentatum. 
 
 Corps ' PlBEtenx; Corpora Fibro'sa. Bayle 
 has given this name to adventitious, fibjous pro- 
 ductions of a round form, — more or less adhe- 
 rent, and sometimes haying a pedicle,^ — which 
 form in certain parts of the body, particularly 
 in the substance of the uterus.- 
 
 Corps FRAiNGis, Corpora fimbriata — e. GMi- 
 eules, Corpora-geniculata — c. Godronne, Fascia 
 dentata — c. Hyaloide, Corpus vitreum^c. d'- 
 Hygmore ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori-^ 
 c. Jaitnet, Corpus luteiim — c. Muqueuai, Corpus 
 mucosum — «; Orga'nisis, Organized bodies-^c. 
 Fampiniforme, Corpus pampiniforme — c. Pyra- 
 midausa. Corpora pyramidalia — c. Restiformes, 
 Corpora restifOrmia — .c. Rhomhoide,'.Cot^\is 
 dentatuth — c. Stries, Corpora striata^c. Thy- 
 ro'ide, Thyrpid gland — c. Vdriri/orme,, Epididy- 
 mis — 0. Variqueuw, Corpus pampiniforme. Epi- 
 didymis — c. Vitre, Corpus vitreum. 
 
 CORPULEIVT, CnrpuUn'tiis, Obe'sus, 
 Crassus, Fat, Fleshy. Having an unusual de- 
 velopment of fat or flesh in proportion to the 
 frame of the body. 
 
 CORPULEN'TIA, Coi>'pulence, from corpus, 
 'the body,' and lentus, 'thick,' is,, synonymous 
 with Obesity and Polysarcia,{(\. v.) 
 
 CoRPtTLENTiA Carnosa, Torositas. 
 
 CORPUS, ^oma, A Body, (q. v.) Any ob- 
 ject Which strikes one or more of our senses. 
 Gases, liquids, metals, vegetables, animals, are 
 so many bodies. Natural bodies have been di- 
 vided into animal, vegetable, and mineral; or 
 into inorganic, including the mineral kingdom; 
 and organized, including the animal and vege-. 
 table. The chief differences between organised 
 and inorganic bodies consists in the former 
 having an origin by generation, growth by nu- 
 trition, and termination by death: the latter, a 
 fortuitous origin, external growth, a.ni a. termi- 
 nation by chemical or mechanical fbrce. 
 
 Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis- 
 tinguished by this , name, as Corpus Callosum, 
 C. Mucosum, Scc.^See Body. 
 
 Corpus Adenipoeme, Prostate — c. Adenoi- 
 des, Prostate^-c. Adiposum, Pinguedo — c. 
 Alienum, ISxtraneous — c. Annulare, Pons va- 
 rolii. 
 
 Corpus Callo'sum, Commisavfra Magna eef- 
 ebri, Trabs Medulla'ris, Trabedula, Copula 
 magna cir'ebri, (F.) Corps Calleux, Voitte mi- 
 duUaire, Plafond des ventricules dw, cervean 
 Mesolohe (Ch.) , A white^medullary bawd, per- 
 ceived on separating the twp hemispheres of 
 the brain, which it connects .with ^ach other. 
 La Peyronie regarded it as the seat of the soul. 
 
 Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus den- 
 tatum; see Ciliary^ — c; Cinereiim, Corpus den- 
 tatum— c. Conoides, Pineaf gland-^;. Crystal- 
 loides. Crystalline. 
 
 . Corpus DENTA'TtiM, C. Denticult^'ttim, C. 
 Cilia'rl, (F.) Corps dentele. Corps festonne. A 
 ceiitral, oval nucleus, pf cineritious substance, 
 met with in the cerebellum; the circumference 
 of Vvhich exhibits a number of indentations, sur- 
 rounded by medullary substance — yicq d'Azyr. 
 It is seen by diyidirig the cerebellum vertically 
 into two equal parts.-^^The sanie body Jias been 
 called Corps eendre ou dliairb ou rhemboide. 
 Corpus Cine'reum, C. Rkombaideum, Ganglion 
 die ceruelet, Noyau central des Pidoncviesdu 
 cervelet. Nucleus dentatus sen Jvmbria'tus seu 
 centta'Hs seu rhomboida'lis, Substcm'tia rhom- 
 boidea. Gait! glion dUa'rt^ Gan' glion eerebelU. 
 
 Corpus DenIioulatum, c. Dentatunl — c. 
 Discoides, Crystalline — c. Externuiji, Extra- 
 neous body-^c. Extraneum, Extraneous body— 
 c. Geniculatum, see Corpora GeHiculata— c. 
 Glandiforme, Prostate — c. ■ Glandosum, Pros- 
 tate — c. Glandulosnm, Prostate. 
 
 Corpus Gj-andulo^sum MuLiE'RUM,ifflaW- 
 ultB Pros'tdtae mulie'rum. - A vascular, spongy 
 eminence, which surrounds the orifice of the 
 urethra, and projects at its under part. 
 
 Corpus HiGHMo'Ri,CHiig'AOTo nffi'»8»«s,JKi((i'- 
 tus semina'Hus, (F.) Corps .d'ilygmore ou 
 d'Highmore, Sinus des Vaisseaux sfmimfitei, 
 (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along the superior 
 edgei of the testicle, which seems formed of a 
 reflection of the tunica albuginea, through which 
 the principal trunks of the seminiferousvesfels 
 pass before they reach the epididymis. 
 
 CpRPUs Lu'teum, (F.) Corps jaurte. A 
 small yellowish body, perceived in the ovarium, 
 and left after the rupture of one, of the vesicles. 
 It was, for a long time, considered an evidence 
 of previous impregnation : but it is now main- 
 tained, that Corpora lutea may be met with in 
 unquestionable virgins. 
 
 Corpus Muco'sum, C retieula'rl, Rett miarn'- 
 sum. Mucus Malpig'hii, Retl Maipi^hii, Re- 
 tic'ulum- cuta'neum seu muen'sum, Mesoderm'' 
 um. Mucous web, (F.) Corps, muqueux. The 
 second layer of the skin has been so called. 
 It is. situate between the cutis vera and cuticle, 
 and gives colour to the body. In the white va- 
 rieties of our species it is coloutless; in the Her 
 gro, black. By some anatomists the existence 
 of such a layer, distinct from the epiderftis, is 
 denied. ' . 
 
 Corpus Okense, Corpus WoManum,. 
 
 Corpus Pampinifor'me, C. Varico'stim, fwtll 
 pampinus, *a tendril.^ Cor'pus pyramida'll, 
 Hedera'ceus' plexus. Plexus pa/mpiniforiti'ie. 
 Plexus vaseulofsus funic'uii spermatid pamp- 
 nifurmis, (F.) Corps pampiniforme, C. Van- 
 queux. The pleXus or retiforni arrangemeiit of 
 the spermatic arteries and veins in- the cavity 
 of the abdomen, anterior to the psoas muscle. 
 
 Corpus Papillare, Texitns Fapilla'ris, 
 
CORPUSCLES, BLOOD 
 
 225 
 
 CORRUPTION 
 
 Corpus retictila'rl. The nervous and vascular 
 papillaB, situate beneath the epidermis, called 
 by Breschel Neurothelic apparatus. 
 
 Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline — c. Pitui- 
 tafe, Pituitary gland — c. Psalloides, Lyra — c. 
 Pyramidale, Corpus pampiniforme — c. Reticu- 
 l^e. Corpus mucosum. Corpus Papillare — c. 
 Rhomboideuwij Corpus dentatum — c. Thymia^ 
 mum, Thymus — ^c. Thymicum, Thymus — e. 
 Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland — c. Turbinatumj 
 Pineal gland— 'c. Varicosum, Corpus pampini- 
 forme. Spermatic chord— c. Varicosum testis. 
 Epididymis. 
 
 Corpus Spongio'sum Uee'thr^, Suhstan'tia 
 spmgio'sa ure'thra. This substance arises be- 
 fore the prostate glandj surrounds the urethra, 
 and forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the 
 end of the corpora cavernosa, and terminates 
 ii^ the glans peniai whith it forms. 
 
 Corpus ViT'REUMi Humor Vitreus, S. Hya- 
 Icfides seu hyal'inus, Gldda'lis hwnhor. Vitreous 
 humor, (Y.y Corps vitre, C, hyaloide, Humeur 
 kyalmde, The transparent mass of a gelati-. 
 nous consistence,- Which fills the eye, behind 
 the crystalline. It is contained in cells-, formed 
 by the tunica hyahjidea. 
 
 Corpus Wolffia'num, Carpus Oken'se. At 
 a very early period of foetal formation, bodies 
 are perceptible, which were first described, by 
 Wolff, as existing in the fowl, and in the mam- 
 malia by Oken. According to MiillerJ they 
 disappear in man Very early, so that but slight 
 remains of them are perceptible after the 9th 
 or 10th wsek of pregnancy. They cover the 
 region of the kidneys and renal capsules, which 
 are formed afterwards ; and they are presumed 
 to be the organs of urinary secretion during the 
 first periods of foetal existence. 
 
 CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the 
 blood — c. Caudate, see Caudate— c. Glandi- 
 form, Acinus — c. Lymph, see Lymph, 
 
 Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, so called' from Fi- 
 lippo Pacini, an Italian physician, who first 
 noticed them in 1830. Small bodies connected 
 with the Cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole. 
 They have also been found sparingly and in- 
 constantly in nerves at the wrist and elbow; in 
 thfe upper arm, forearm, and' thigh, and inter- 
 costal nerve, the sacral plexus, solar plexus 
 and the plextises adjacent to it. ■ In each cor- 
 puscle there is the termination of a nervous fila- 
 ment. Their uses are not known. 
 
 Corpuscles, Pus; see Piis-:-c. Splenic, see 
 Spleen-^c. White granulated, see Globulin. 
 
 CORPUSCULA ARANTII, Tubercula A.— 
 <i, Glandularum similia intestinorum, Peyeri 
 glandlilai— c. Globosa cervicis uteri, Wabothi 
 glandulee. 
 
 CORPUSCULUM ARANTII, see Sigmoid 
 valves — c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves. 
 
 CORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
 
 CORRR, Cors€, from khqu, 'I -shave.' X?) 
 The temples or the part of the jaws, which it 
 is usual to, shave. — Gorraeus. 
 
 CORRECTIF, Corrigent. 
 
 CORRECTION, Correc'tid, from corrigere, 
 (.con, and regere, 'to rule or order,') 'to cor- 
 rect.' The act of correcting medicines j that is, 
 of dihiinishing their energy or obviating un- 
 pleasant effects, by mixing them with sub- 
 stances which mitigate their operation. 
 
 CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens. 
 
 CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
 
 COR'RIGENT, Gor'rigens, CqrrecMrius, 
 Casti'gans, Infrin'gens, Emen'dans : same 
 etymon. (F.) Correctif. That which cor- 
 rects. A corrigent, in a pharmacelitjcal for- 
 mula,' is a substance added to a medicine to 
 mollify or modify its action. In the.following 
 formula, the aloes, if not corrected, might, in- 
 duce tormina. The Oleum Mentha' is added 
 as a corrigent. 
 
 5< Aloes 3J 
 
 , Olei Menthm Stt-,Y 
 
 Syrup (I. s. utfiavtPilulee xvj ■ 
 
 CpRRI"GIA. A leathern strap. By exten- 
 sion, the term has been applied to the tehdons 
 and ligaments. 
 
 CORROB'ORANT, CorroS'ora«i,.KoJ'or(m», 
 Museula'ris,Resiau'rans,Restor'atif)e,Sracing, 
 from dortohorare, (eon, and rodur, 'strength,') 
 'to strengthen.? (F.) Corroiorunt, Corrpbo- 
 ratif, Foriifiant. Any substance which strength- 
 ens and gives tone. Wine, for example, is a 
 corroborant. See Tonic. 
 
 CORROBORANTIA^ Tonics. 
 
 CORROBORATIF, Corroborant. , 
 
 CORRODANT, Corrosive. 
 
 CORRODENS, Corrosive. . 
 
 CORROSIF, Corrosive. ' 
 
 CORRO'SION, C!orro'sio, Diairo'sis, Ana- 
 bro'sis, Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosum, 
 'to gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive 
 substances. 
 
 CORRCSIVE, Corro'dens, Biabrot'ttus, 
 Corrosi'vus, same etymon. (F.) Corrosif, 
 Corrodant. Oorro^iyes are substances, which, 
 when placed in contact With living parts, gra- 
 dually disorganize them. Caustic alkalies, 
 Mineral acids, Corrosive sublimate, are' corro* 
 sives. . They act either directly, by chfemi- 
 cally destroying the part, — or indirectly, by 
 causing inflammation and gangrene. 
 
 Corrosive Poison, see Poison. 
 
 CORRUGATIO, Corrugation— c. Cutis, 
 Wrinkle. 
 
 CORRUGA'TION, Corruga'tio,Synce'rema, 
 from con, and ruga, 'a vnrinkle.' Wrinkling, 
 Frowning, (F.) Froncement; the contraction of 
 the C'orrugato'res SnperciVii muscles. Cor- 
 rugation of the skin is often owing to the ap- 
 plication of styptic medicines : it is rendered 
 by them unequal and rugous. 
 
 CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator su- 
 percilii. 
 
 Corruga'tor Supebcil'ii, fropi cbrrugare, 
 'to wrinkle;' same etymon. Mus'culus su- 
 percil'ii, Supercilia'ris, Mus'culus fronta'lis 
 verus seii Corruga'tor Coite'rii, (F.) Cutanio- 
 sourdlier. Muscle SoureiUer ou Surcilier, M, 
 Fronto-Sourdlier. A, mUscle situate in the 
 eyebrows. It is attached, by its inner extre- 
 mity, to the Superciliary ridge, and is con- 
 founded, externally, with the oQcipito-frontalis 
 and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries the 
 eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of the 
 forehead. 
 
 CORRUP'TION, Corruj/tio, Fhthora, m- 
 aph'thqra, from corrumpere, eorruptum, (eon, 
 and rtimpere, ' to break,') 'to destroy.' Act of 
 corrupting. State of being corrupted. Reac- 
 tion of the particles of a body upon each other. 
 It is probable that something like corruption 
 may take place even in the living body. 
 
CORSE 
 
 S26 
 
 COSMETICS 
 
 CORSE, Cone. 
 
 CORSET, from (F.) corps, 'the body.' Ste- 
 thodts'mivMi, Stethodesm'is,Stethodesm'us, Tvl- 
 nica Thora'ds, Thorax, Pectora'll. An article 
 of dress, which closely embraces the trunk, 
 and is much used by females in civilized coun- 
 tries. When corsets or stays are worn very 
 tight,^lDany serious evils result from, the unna- 
 tural compression. 
 
 Different bandages, more or less complicated, 
 which embrace the greyer part of the trunk, 
 are likewise so called. 
 
 CORSET BE SRASDOR. The name of 
 a bandage invented by one Brasdoi', to keep 
 ire situ the fragments of a fractured clavicle. ■ 
 
 COp,TALON, Senecio. 
 
 CORTEX, PMoios, Phloos, Phlousy Lemma, 
 Barik, (F.) &c6rce. This word has often' been 
 applied exclusively to Cinchona: thus, we say 
 BarJk — the cortex or bark kut' «5o/ijv. It means, 
 also, any bark. , 
 
 Cortex ALOOMdco, Alcomoque — c. Anisi 
 stellati, see Illicium anisatum-^c, Antiscorbu- 
 ticus, Canella alba — c. Aromaticus, Canella 
 alba — c. Aurantii, see Citrus ^urantium-r-c. 
 Canellae Malabaricse, Laurus cassia — c. Cardi- 
 naUs del Lugo, Cinchona — c. Carydphyllatus, 
 see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Caryophylloides, 
 Laurus culilawan. _ ' 
 
 CoETEX Cer'ebri. The Cortical, Cineri' 
 tious. Vesicular or Gray substance of the 
 Brain. The gray portion observed at the ex- 
 terior of the cerebrum and cerebellum^ so 
 called because it forms a kind of bark to the 
 medullary substance. Gall considers, that this 
 substance forms the nerves ; and therefore calls 
 it Substance mafrice des nerfs. 
 
 The name cortical. is likfeWi^e given to the 
 external substance of the kidneys, because it 
 is of a deeper colour than the inner part of the 
 organ, and forms a kind of envelope to it. 
 
 GoBTEx ChacaeilljE, Croton Cascarill?--c. 
 Chinse, Cinchona — c. Chinae reglus. Cinchona 
 — c. Crassior, Laurus cassia — c. Culilawan, 
 Laurus Culilawan — c. PJleutheriae, Croton cas- 
 carilla — c. Flavus, CiuchonEe cordifoliae cortex 
 — c. Lavola, see Illicium anisatum^e. Magel- 
 lanicus, see Wintera aromatica. 
 
 Cortex Ovi, Cortical niembrane. This mem- 
 brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usu- 
 ally regarded as a uterine production, and de- 
 signated Decid'ua reflex'a. They consider it to 
 surround the ovule, when it descends into the 
 uterus, and to enclose the shaggy chorion. It 
 is absorbed during the first months of utero- 
 gestation, so as to expose the next membrane 
 to the contact of the decidua, with which a con- 
 nexion tates place at the part where the pla- 
 centa is to be formed. In- that part, Boer and 
 Granville consider, that the Cortex Ovi is never 
 altogether obliterated, but only made thinner, 
 and in process of time is converted into 4 mere 
 pellicle or envelope, which not. only serves to 
 divide the filiform vessels of the chorion into 
 groups or cotyledons, in order to form the pla- 
 centa, 1)ut also covers those cotyledons. This 
 Granville calls w/embrdna pro'pria. See De- 
 cidua membrana. 
 
 CoETEx Pallidus, CiuchpnaB lancifoliae cor- 
 tex — c. Patrum, Cinchona — c. Pernvianus, Cin- 
 chona — c. Profluvii, Nerium antidysentericum 
 — c. Ruber, Cinchonse oblongifoliae cortex — =c. 
 Striata dentium. Enamel of the teeth — o. Thuris, 
 
 Croton cascarilla — c. Winteranus, see Winter* 
 aromaticum^c. Winteranus spurius, Canella 
 alba. J 
 
 COR'TICALjCorttco'K*; froth cartes, 'bark.' 
 Belonging tobark. , 
 
 CoETiOAL Matter of the Reain, Cortex 
 Oerebri^-c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi. 
 
 CORTUSA AMERICANA, Heuchera eqf. 
 tusa. 
 
 CORU. An Indian tree, the bark of whose 
 root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed 
 in diarrhcea and dysentery. It is also called 
 Coru .Canar'ica, 
 
 CORUSCATIO, Astrape. . 
 
 CORYBAN'TIASM, Corybantias'mus, Cory- 
 bantis'vtus,~{rQm'K,oQvffBci, one of the Coryban- 
 tes. A name formerly-given to a kind of jjuen- 
 sy, in which the sick Were tormented by fantas- 
 tic visions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
 
 CORYDALUS BULBOSUS, Fumaria bul- 
 
 COp.'YLUS AVELLA'NA, Bundwh, Cot', 
 ylus. \The Hazel-nut Tree. (F.) Coudrier, 
 Noisetier. Family, Amentacese. , Sea. Syst. 
 MoncEcia Polyandria. The nut, — Filbert, (P.) 
 Aveline; Hazel-nut, (F.) Noisette, — of this tree, 
 is much eaten in many countries. Like all nuts, 
 it is by no means easy of digestion. It is the 
 Nux avella'na, ««{ nor noitTinov, of the ancients, 
 
 Coe'ylus Rostea'ta, Beaked Hazel. An 
 indigenous shrub, iVat. Ord. Amentaceae; Svi- 
 order, CupuliterBB : Sex. Syst. Moncecia Poly- 
 andria; the nut of which is surrounded by a 
 coriaceous and scaly involucre, terminating in 
 a tube covered with short and thick bristles. 
 These bristles liaveheen given.asan anthelmin- 
 tic in the same cases, and doses as mucuua. 
 
 CORYMBETRA, Hedera helix. 
 
 CORYNE, Penis. 
 
 CORYPHE, Acme, Vertex— c. Cordis, see 
 Mucro. 
 
 CORY'ZA, Gtave'do, Rhini'tis', Catastag'- 
 mos, Catastalag'mos, SiilUcid'ium Na'riumj 
 Phleginatorrha'gia,Bletvnorrh(B'anasa*lisyBlen- 
 norrhin'ia, Des'tillatio, Catar'rhus ad Narei, 
 C. nasa'lis, Rhinocatar'rhus , Angi'nanasa'lis: 
 vulgarly,' ' running at the nose,' ' A cold in the 
 head:' In French, lihume de cerveau. Catarrh 
 nasal, Enchifrenement ; in Old English Pose oi 
 Mur ; whence Murren andMurrain ; from xofvs, 
 or xaga, ' the head,' and ts<", ' I boil.^ Inflam- 
 mation (attended with increased dischairge) of 
 the Schneiderian membrane lining the nose, and 
 the sinuses communicating with it. Theafiec- 
 tion generally subsides without any medical 
 treatment 
 
 Chronic Coryza is termed, also, Oza'rM it- 
 nig'na. 
 
 CoRYZA Entonica, OzaBua^-^c. Maligna, Oiffi- 
 na^c. Ozaeno^a, Ozaena — c. Puriilenta, Ozsna 
 — c. Scarlatinosa, , Rhinocace — c. Ulcerosa, 
 Ozaena — c. Virulenta, Ozaena. 
 
 COSCINISMUSj Cribration. 
 
 COSCHNOI, see Cribration. - 
 
 COSMESIS, Cosmetics. 
 - GOSMET'ICS, Ars cosmet'ica, Callipis'tria, 
 Cosme'sis, (F.) ,Cosmetijue, from xoouciv, 'to 
 adorn,' ' to embellish.' The art of preserving 
 the beauty. Cosmetic, Stilbo'ma, is, also, used 
 for the diflferent means employed for that pur- 
 pose; as the compounds which enter into the 
 oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, &c. 
 All these, however, injure the skin, and often 
 
COSMiTIQUE 
 
 m 
 
 COTYLEDON 
 
 give rise to unpleasant cutaneous tiffections. 
 Fi'equent ablution with cold wfitei and bathing 
 are the best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, and 
 all the preparations intended for the toilet, fell, 
 al£o, undef this head. ' ^ 
 
 COSMgTIQUE, Cosmetics. , ' 
 
 COSMOS, from xoduos, 'the world," order,' 
 &c. The o)-(ier,which,was supposed to preside 
 over critical days. Hippocrates and others have 
 so termecl bracelets, employed, not only as Or- 
 naments (xoofitiK, 'to adorn,') but as therapeu- 
 tical agents. 
 
 COSSA, Haunch. 
 
 COSSUM. A malignant ulcer of the nose, 
 often of a syphilitic charaeter. — :Paracelsus. 
 
 COSSUS, Cossis. A sort of- white, short, 
 thick worm or larve, found in trees, logs of 
 wood, &c., and used by the Romans as a great 
 article of gourmandise. They were, also, ap- 
 plied to ulcers. — Pliny. The term has, likei 
 wise, been given to those small vermiform 
 pimples on the .face — Acne-^which arise from 
 inflammation of the sebaceous follicles. 
 
 COSTA, -Plei^rd, Pleurum, Pletiro'ma'. A 
 Rib, from eustodire, ' to guard,' ' defend ;' (F.) 
 C6te. The ribs are 24 in number; — 19 on each 
 side, They are irregular, long, bony curves: 
 sliglitly flattened, and situate 'obliquely at the 
 sides of the chest. The intervals between them 
 are called •^nterco's'tal spaces, (F.) Espaces in.' 
 tercostaux, and they are numbered first, secohd, 
 third, &c., Reckoning from above to Ijelow. 
 They have been distinguished into Costa vera, 
 True ribs, {¥,)'Vrates G^tes,- C6tes stemales, 
 C6tesverteiro-sternales(Ch.,) and into Costce 
 spu'ria, Mendo'sa Costa, X^otha Cpstse, False 
 ribs, CStes asterriales {Ch.,), Eausses Cotes. 
 The true or sternal ribs, as they have also been 
 called, are the first 7 j which are articulated- at 
 one extremity to the spine, and at the other, 
 by means of thftir cartilages, to the sternum. 
 The false ribs are the remaining 5 : the luppet- 
 most three being united', by means of thfeir car- 
 tilages, to the cartilage of thelast true rib. ^The 
 others are free at their external extremity, and, 
 hence, have been calleid Eloating ribs, CStes 
 flottantjs. The vertebral extremity of each rib 
 is slightly expanded. It is called the head of 
 the lih-r-Capit'iiltim Costs : the space betvveen 
 this and the tuberele is the collwm or neck. An- 
 terior to the tubercle is thp angle. 'J'he angle 
 is the part where the bone bends to form the 
 lateral part of the thorax. 
 
 COST^ CAPITULUM, see Costa— c. Men- 
 dosEB, see Costa— c. Spuriae, see Costa — c.Terae, 
 see Costa. 
 
 COSTAL',, Costa'lis, from costa, 'a rib.' 
 Relating to a rib,-r-as ' cost<fl cartilage.' 
 
 COSTIVENESS, Constipation. ' 
 
 COSTMARY, Tanacetum balsamita. 
 
 COSTO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus externus 
 abdominis — c. Basi-seapulaire, Serratus magnus 
 — c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle. 
 
 eOSTO-CLAViC'ULAR, Costo-Clavicula'- 
 tis. Belonging to the ribs and clavicle. 
 
 Costo-Clavic'ular Lig'ament, Cleidocostal 
 Idgament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which 
 extends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first 
 rib to the inferior surface of the clavicle. 
 
 COS TO-CORA C07i}ZBiV,Pectoralis minor 
 — c. Scapulaire, Serratus magnus. 
 
 COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Stema'Ks. Re- 
 lating to the ribs and sternum. The articula- 
 
 tion of the sternum with the anterior extremity 
 of the first seven ribs. ,«■ 
 
 COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS. . Relatmg to 
 the ribs a"nd to the trackelian or transverse pro- 
 cesses of the neck. Under the name Costo-tra- 
 ehe'Han, Chaussier designates the anterior and 
 pdsterior scaletii. 
 
 COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS. Relating to 
 the ribs, and to the transverse processes. — ISi- 
 chfit gave this name to the articulation of the 
 tuberosities of the ribs with the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the spine. , ' 
 
 COSTO-VER'TEBRAL, Costo^eriebra'Us. 
 Belongin'g to the ribs and vertebrae..^Bichat 
 gave this name to the articulation of the head 
 of the ribs with the vertebrsB, and to the liga- 
 ments connected with it. 
 
 COSTO-XIPHOID, Cosio-tefpkoideus. The 
 name of a ligament, which unites the cartils^ge 
 of the seventh rib to'.the xiphoid or ensiform 
 cartilage., . 
 
 COSTUS. The antients seem to have given 
 this name to .several plants. One has borne 
 the appellation,, sinte the time of Dioscorides, 
 — the. Cost-US Arab'icns, Costus In'dicus^ C 
 ama'riis,dulcis, orienta'lis, Tsia'na, (F.) Canne 
 Congo^^Canne de Riviire: Eamily, AmomesR, 
 Sex. Syst. Monandria Monogyivia; the root of 
 which is aromatic^ and has been considered 
 tonic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, &e. 
 The virtues of the ancient costus are highly 
 extolled. — Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, 
 Galen. 
 
 CosTus CoRTiooscs, Canella alba — c. Horto- 
 rum, Tanacetum balsamita — c. Hortorum mi- 
 nor, Achillea sigeratum — c. Nigra, Cynara scb- 
 lymus. 
 
 COSTYLE, Cotyle. 
 . pOTA, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 COTARQ'NtUM; an obscure term, used by 
 Paracelsus for a universal solvent: such a thing 
 as does not exist. 
 
 CUTE, Costa. 
 > COTES, COL BE;S, Collum costarum— e. 
 Asternales, see Costa-^c. Fausses\ see Costa — 
 c. Flottantes, see Costa-.— c. Stemales, see Costa 
 — tc. Vertebrost'ernales, see Costa — c. Vraies, see 
 Costa. 
 
 COTIGNAC. , A kind of conserve or pre- 
 serve, prepared from quinces not entirely ripe, 
 and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic and as- 
 tringent. 
 
 CaTON, Gossypium. 
 
 COTTON, Gossypium. 
 
 COTULA, Anthemis cotula— c. Fcetida, An- 
 themis cotula.' 
 
 COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR 07,Lig'uor Co- 
 tun'nii, L. of Cotu^no, Aqttula acus'tica, 'Aqua 
 audito'ria, Per'ilymph, (T.y Lpmphe de Cb- 
 tugno. A transparent, slightly viscid fluid, 
 which fills all the cavities of the internal ear, 
 and of which Cotugno made mention. It is 
 also called Aqua LabyrinthH. 
 
 COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix. 
 
 COT'YLR, Cofyta, Cotyle'don, Cos'tylB.; the 
 same as Acetab'ulivm. A hollow cavity jn a 
 bone, which receives the head of another bone : 
 particularly the cotyloid cavity. Kotuxi; signi- 
 fied a drinking cup, and, indeed, any thing hol- 
 low, as the hollow of the hand. — ^AthenaeuB. 
 
 COTYLEDON, Cotyle— c. Marina,, Umbili- 
 cus marinus. 
 
 Cotyle'dons, (KoTuJijJiui', 'a cavity,') Acetab'- 
 
COTYLOID 
 
 COURBATUKE 
 
 u(a uteri'na. ■. The lobes wjiicli, by their union, 
 forni^e placenta. ■' ■ '■ • 
 
 COTTLOID, Cotylm'dea, Cotylofdius, Co- 
 tylo'des, from mruxn^ 'a drinking pup,' and 
 ti5«;, 'form.' Resembling thp ancient kotuJi;. 
 The name of a hemispherical cavity, situate in 
 the OS innorainatum, which receives the head 
 of the OS femoris;-7-Foj«i cotytoidea, Sinus 
 CoxtE) Acetah^ulumi Fyiids . 
 
 Coi'tloid Lig'amemt, i»g'ffl«ne»'to»» Cotyldi,^ 
 deum, (F.) Idgament oeiyioidfen, is a very 
 thick, fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the 
 , cotyloid cavity, the depth of which'it increases.^ 
 
 COUf Collum — c, dw Pied, Instep — e, Gros, 
 Bronchocele. 
 
 COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 
 COUCHE, Couches, (F.), from eoueher, 'to 
 lie down.' This word is used, 1. For partzfi- 
 tion, accouchement or delivery {puerpe'riusn, 
 parturi"tip :) hence, une couche heureuse, 'a 
 happy delivery;' Mme f&usse couehe, 'a pre* 
 mature delivery :' and, 3. For the time daring 
 which a female remaiijs in bejl on account of 
 delivery; — Tempus puerpe'rii, the ehild-bed 
 state. The Lochia have been termed Suites de 
 couches. Couche also means a bed' or thalamus 
 (q. v.)a:s, 
 
 COUCHER, Decubitus. 
 
 COUCHES DES NERFS ETBMOI- 
 DATTX, Corpora striata — c. des Nerfs ocu- 
 laires, Thalami nervorum opticorum — c. des 
 Nerfs optiques, Thalami nervorum opticorum 
 — c. Optiques, Thalami nervorum opticorum. 
 
 COUCHING, see Cataract. 
 
 eOUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coc- 
 cinea. 
 
 COUDE, Elbow: 
 
 CaUDE-PIED, Instep.- 
 
 COTJDiE, Cubitus. 
 
 COVDRIER, Corylus avellana, ' 
 
 COUENNE (F.), Cutis suil'la. A term 
 given to various parts of the human skin, which 
 are prominent, hard, brownish, and often co- 
 vered with rough hairs, so as to :^orm patches 
 not very unlike the skin of the hog. It is a 
 malformation, occurring during" intr^-uterine 
 existence, and remaining for life. See also, 
 Naevus, and Corium phlogisticum. 
 
 COUENNE INFLAMMATOIRt, Co- 
 rium phlogisticum — c. Pleuritique, Corium 
 phlogisticum. , i 
 
 COUGH, Tussis— c. Bronchial, C. tubal— 
 c. Root, Trillium latifolium. 
 
 Cough, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis 
 iron'chicai (F.) Toux tubaire, T. bronckique. 
 Cough is so termed, when the succussion com- 
 municated by it to the parietes of the chest is 
 very energetic, and a sensation is experienced 
 by the ear as if a column of air was traversing 
 with much noise, strength, and rapidity, tubes 
 with solid walls. 
 
 Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.) 
 
 COUGHING, Tussis. 
 
 COULER, To strain. 
 
 COULEUVRE, Coluber berus. 
 
 COULEUVRiE, Bryonia alba. 
 
 COULISSE, (F.) 'A groove, a gutter.' 
 Anatomists designate, by this name, every 
 deep -groove or channel in a bone, in which a 
 tendon plays;— such as the Coulisse Bieipitale 
 or Bicipital Groove of the Humerus. 
 
 COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital 
 groove — e. Humerale, Bicipital groove. 
 
 COULOIR, Colatorium. 
 
 COUM,' Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 COUNTEIJANCE, Vultus, Voltus„ Visage, 
 (F.) Figure, Visage: from cam, 'with,' and 
 ten'eo, 'I hold.' The form of the facp. The 
 system of the features. 
 
 COUNTERtEXTEN'SION, Contra-extm'- 
 sia, Antit'asis., (F.) Conire-extension, from cwi- 
 tra'Ctsten/dere, ' to extend in a contrary direc- 
 tion.' It consists in retaining fiimry and im- 
 ipoyably the upper part of a liitb, whilst ex- 
 tension is practised on the lower, in cases of 
 fracture or luxation. 
 
 eOUNTER-INDICA'TION,Co?«tro**o'. 
 tio, Antendeix'is, Antendix'is, Antideixis. An 
 indication contrary to anottxer. (W.yContre- 
 indication. Any circumstance, which acts as 
 an obstacle to the employment of such thera- 
 peutical jneans as seem to be indicatedby other 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counterdrri- 
 tation-^c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's 
 Counter-irritant. 
 
 COUNTER-IRRITA'TION, CoBtro-tmta'. 
 tio. An irritation, excited in a. part of the 
 body, with the view of relieving one existing 
 in another part. The rdmedies nsSd for this 
 purpose are called CptimteMrritants, add fonn 
 a most vaitmble class of remedial, agents. See 
 Derivation. 
 ^ COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura. 
 
 COUP, Blow — c. de Feu, Wound, gunshot. 
 - COUP DE MAITRE ou TOUR DEMAI- 
 TRE, (F.) A masterly stroke or performance. 
 A mode of introducing the sound, or catheter 
 into the bladder, which consists in first passing 
 it with its convexity towards the abdomen of 
 the -patient, and giving it a half turn to- 
 wards the right groin, when its extremity has 
 reached th^ root of the penis under the sym- 
 physis , pubis. There is no advantage in this 
 mode.of introduction. 
 
 , COUP DE SANG, (F.) A common term, 
 used by some physicians in France, to desig- 
 nate the loss of sensation and motion, which 
 results from hemorrhage • in the brain, or from 
 simple congestion in the vessels of tha{ organ. 
 See Apoplexy. Some authors have compre- 
 hended, under the same denomination, different 
 hemorrhages, which occur in the cellular tex- 
 ture of the face, lungSj skin, &c. 
 
 COUP DE^OLEIL, (F.) Siri'asis,Seiri'- 
 asis, Siriasis JEgyptiaca, Ictus soUs, Ictus so- 
 la'ris, Insolatio, Encephali'tis inSolatio'nis, 
 Phreni'tis ealentu'ra. Stroke of the sun. 
 Egyptian StarstroJce or Sunstroke. Any affec- 
 ti6n produced by the action of the suh on some 
 region of the body; — -bead, hands, arms, &£• 
 A very common effect of exposing the naked 
 head to the sun is inflammation of the br^n or 
 its meninges, which Sauvages calls Cams ah, 
 Insolatio'nt ; Morbus solstitia'lis. 
 
 COUPE.BRIDE, Kiotoipe. 
 
 COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea. 
 
 COUPURB, Cut, Wound (ipcised.) 
 
 COURANTE, Diarrhoea. 
 
 COURAP. A distemper, very common m 
 India, in which there is a perpetual itching of 
 the surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic 
 character, and appears chiefly on the axill>> 
 groinsj breast, and face. 
 
 COURBARIL, see Anime. 
 
 COURBATURE, (F.) Acer'ba. lassitu'do, 
 
COURBXXBE 
 
 S29 
 
 COXITIS 
 
 Viottnt lassitwdtf fatigue. An indisjjosition, 
 charaoteriaed by a sensation, as if the limbs 
 were bruised ; general feeliiig of debility, ex- 
 treme lassitude; and, sometimes, slight fever. 
 It appears immediately after severe exercise, 
 but sometinjes not till the next day. Rest re- 
 moves it. 
 
 COXXRSXTRE, Curvature. 
 COURGE, Cucurbita pepo.' 
 . COURMI or CURMI, nev^/n, kw9|KI. A fer- 
 mented liquoT, made ttom barley. A kind of 
 
 ale or beer Dioscorides. 
 
 COURO-MOELLI. An Indian tree, the 
 bark of whiiih is said to be anti-venomous. 
 
 COURON'DI, Couron'do. An evergreen 
 tree of India, the juice of virhich,. mixed with 
 warm whey^ is said to cure dysentery.'^-Ray. 
 
 COUkONNE CILIAIRE, Godronni canal 
 — c. du Dent, Crown of a tooth — c. du Gland, 
 Crown of the. glansr-e. du Trypan, Crown of 
 the trepan — c. de Venus, Crown of Venus. 
 
 COTJRONNP RAYONNANTE, (F.) A 
 term given by Reil to thejfan'«haped termina- 
 tions of the crura cerebri in the brain. 
 
 CdURONNEMENT, (F.) Coro'na. A 
 vulgar expression, sometimes used to desi^riatp 
 the circular ring, which the 6s uteri forms 
 around the head of the child at a certain period 
 of accouchement : — the head seeming to be sur- 
 rounded, as it were, by a crown. The head is 
 then said to be au couronnement. 
 
 COURS DE VENTRE, Danham. 
 
 COt/ESE, Running. , ■ ' ' 
 
 COURSES, Menses. 
 
 COUKT, Short. 
 
 COURTE HALEINE, Dyspneea. 
 
 COUSIN, Culex. 
 
 COUSSINET, Pad. 
 , COUTEAU, Knife — e. a Amputation, Knife, 
 amputation — c. i Cataracte, Knife, cataract — r. 
 Courhe, Knifej crooked — c. & Croehet, Knife, 
 crotchet— c. besartieviattur. Knife, doubler 
 cdged^c. iJi-oii, Knife, aiitpUtation — c. de Feii,, 
 Cultellaire — c. Interosseux, Knife,donble-edged 
 — <;. Lentieulaire, Knife, lenticular — e. Litko- 
 tome. Knife, lithotomy — c. en Serpette, 'Knife, 
 e7i serpette — c. Syvnphysien, see Symphyseoto- 
 my — CO, deuS! tramihams, Kltife, double-edgfed. 
 
 COUTOtf'BEA AliBA, Eps'acum spiea'tum, 
 Fi'crium spiea'tum. A plant of Guiana, which 
 is very bitter, and is considered, in the country, 
 to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys- 
 peptic. 
 
 cowturesparlapetitev£role, 
 
 see Cicatrix. ' , ' 
 
 COUTURIER, SartOTiuS. 
 
 COmrERCLE,iee Crucible. 
 
 COtrVRECHEF, (F.) Cuctd'lus, Faseia'vio 
 CHCulla'ta, Scepasterium, Scepas' tYuTn. ' A' 
 bandage, applied to the head for retkifting cer- 
 tain dressings, &c. in situ. The French sur- 
 geons distinguish two kinds. 1. The Grand 
 Coworeekef 0\x Servette en ca/rri {Cucul'lus ma- 
 jor,) which i^ formed of a napkin or large square 
 compress: and, i.'^he Petit Couvrechef om 
 Mouckoir en triangle ( Cucul'lus minor ^ forincd 
 of a napkin or othel- square comprissS, folded 
 from one angle to the other diagonally opposite 
 to it. 
 
 COUVRECHEF, see Bandage, Galen's. 
 
 COVE, CLIMATE OF. On the northern 
 side of Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island 
 of Cove. The town of Cove is on the southern 
 
 acclivity of a hill running frdm east to west. 
 It is, consequently, sheltered from the fiorth 
 winds, and receives the full force of the sun. 
 It is one of the mildest climates in Great Bri- 
 tain, and corresponds in its influence on disease 
 with the south-west of England. It is well 
 adapted as a winter retreat for the phthisical. 
 
 GOVOLAM, Cratscfva Marmelos. The bark 
 of this ttee' is tonic : the unripe fruit is astrin- 
 gent: biit, when ripe, is delicious. 
 COWBANB, Cicuta awuatica. 
 COWBERRY, Vaecinmm vitis idaea. 
 COWHAGE, D(jlichos J)ruriens. 
 COWITCH, Dolichos pruriens. 
 COWPARSNEP,, Heracleum lanatum. 
 .COWPER'S GLANDS, Ac'cessory glandi, 
 (F.) Glandes accessoires, G. de Gowper, Pros- 
 tates inferieures oa petiies prostates. ■ Two 
 Small oviid groups of mucous, reddish follicles, 
 situate behind the bulb of the urethra, before 
 the prostate, the extretory ducts of which open 
 into the bulbous portion of ,th^ urethra. They 
 are also calleji Glan'dulce anlepros'iatc^, and <?. 
 
 pros' tata inferio'res. 
 
 Cowper's Glands in the .FemaLe, Glands 
 ofDuverney, Glands of Bartholinus, PrOs'iaia 
 inuUe'hris sen Bartholi'ni, are situate at each 
 side of the entrance of the vagina, beneath the 
 skin covering' the posterior or inferior part of 
 the labia. They are rounded,' but elongated, 
 flat, and bean-shaped; their long diameter va- 
 rying from five to ten lines; their transverse, 
 from two and a half to four and a quarter f and 
 their thickness from two and a quarter to three 
 lines. Like Cowper's glands in the male, 
 they are not invariably presfe'nt. The secreticin 
 from them is a thick, tenacious, gtayishe white 
 fluid, which is emitted in great quautifty during 
 sexual intercourse; and is probably the fluids 
 supposed, of old, to te the fernale sperin. , ■ 
 
 COWPOX, Vaccina — c. Inoculation, Vacci- 
 nation. 
 ■ CO>VRAP, Impetigo. 
 
 COWSLIP, Primula veris— c. Jerusalem, 
 Pulmonaria. I ''■ 
 
 COWWEED, ChErorhyllum sylvestre. 
 
 COXA, Haunch. 
 
 COX^LUVITJM, Bath, hip. 
 
 COXAfefRA, Neuralgia femoro-popliteea. 
 
 COXAL'GIA, Meroeoxal'gia, Ospkyal'gia, 
 Osphyalge'ma. A word of hybrid origih, from 
 eoxa, 'hip,' and ulyog, 'pain.' Pain in the hip. 
 A sign of rheumatic or other inflamrriation, — 
 Coxi'tis, or of some disease about the hip- 
 joint. See Nexcralgia femoro - poplitaea, and 
 Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis. ' 
 
 COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 COXA'RUM MORBUS, CoxSn'dicus sen 
 Coxa'riais Tnprbus, Arthroc'aci coxa'rum,, Cox- 
 arthrodacS, Osphj/artkroc'adS, < Coxal'gia, (of 
 som6,) Hip disease.. A scrofulous caries, and 
 often spontaneous luxation of the head of the 
 OS femoris, occasioning permanent shortening 
 of the limb, and not hnfrequently hectic and 
 death. ' . ( ' 
 
 COXEN'DIX, Haunch. This word has also 
 been used synonymously With ischium. The 
 haunch, anatomists, too, hav§ called the ilia, 
 Ossa Coxen'dicis. 
 
 CO'SlTlS,Coxarthri'tis, a hybrid term, from 
 Coxa, ' the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the hip-joint. 
 
COXO-FEMORAL 
 
 230 
 
 CRANIOLOOY 
 
 COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-f^mfira'Us. Be- 
 longing to the coxal "bone or ileum, and to the 
 OS femoris. llio-femoral has the same signifi- 
 catipn. ^ 
 
 Coxo-Fem'oral. Aeticula'tion, U'ia-Femb- 
 i^al A., (F.) Articulation de la Hanche, the Hip 
 joint. The head of the fepaur and articular 
 cavity are covered by a diarthrodial cartilage 
 and synovial capsvXc ; and by a very string 
 capsular -or articular ligament attached to the 
 circumference of the cotyloid caivity, and to the 
 neck of the femur. There is, also, a round or 
 interarticular- ligament, passing from the infe- 
 rior notch of the cotyloid cavity to the rough 
 depression at the top of the caput femoris; and 
 a cotyloid ligament, i-^3. sort of thick, cartilagi- 
 nous ring, situate on the edge of the cotyloid 
 cavity, and converting the inferior notch into 
 a foramen. These are the grea,tmeans of union 
 in this extensive articulation. . 
 
 CRAB, As'tacus Jluviat'ilis, Cancer, Gam' - 
 marus, Gam'barus, Cam'marus, (F.) .Crkbbe, 
 Acrfvisse, Escrev'ice. A, shell-fish much used 
 as an article of diet. Like other shell-fish it is 
 apt to disagree, and, excite urticaria, &c. 
 
 CRABE, Crabyaws'. 
 
 CRABLOtrSE; a a'pecies oi Pedic'ulus„P. 
 Pubis, which infests the pudendum and axilla.^ 
 (F.) Morpionr. It is easily destroyed by the 
 white precipitate of mercury, or by .mercurial 
 ointment. 
 
 CRABS' EYES, Gancrorum chela — c. 
 Stones, Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 CRABYAWS, (F.) Crabe. A name in the 
 West Indies for a.kind of ulcer on the soles of 
 the feetj with edges so hard, that they are diffi- 
 cult to cut. 
 
 CRA CHA T, Sputum. 
 
 CRACHEMENT, Excreation— e. de Pus, 
 Vomica, Phthisis pulmonalis^o. de Sang,tisB- 
 moptysis. 
 
 CRACBOTEMENT, (F.) from cracher,'to 
 spit.' The frequelit spitting of a small quantity 
 of saliv^.. 
 
 CRACKLING OF LEATHER, see Craque- 
 ment de^ cuir, ' - 
 
 CRACOW GROATS, Semolina. 
 
 CRADLE, Sax^ cpabel, Ar'culu3,,Sole,n', (F.) 
 Arceau ou Archet, A semicircle of thin wood, 
 or strips of Wood, used for -preventing the con; 
 tact of the bed-clothes in wounds, &c.' An or- 
 dinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade 
 mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near 
 them, unless it was placed under a solid Cradle 
 of this kind, in order that no accident migl^t 
 arise from overlaying. 
 
 CRiE'PALE, from »xaiiraMj, . Crap'ula, 
 'drunkenness, surfeit.' A derangement of the 
 functions' of the brain, &c., produced by wine 
 or any other fermented liquor. — Galen. 
 
 CRAIE, Creta. , 
 
 CRAMAi ze«|(t«, from xtjaa, 'I mix.' A 
 mixture of any- kind. Dilute wine. 
 
 CRAMBE, Cabbage; , , 
 
 CRAM'BION, from k^i/ji^i, 'cabbage.' A 
 decoction of cabbage. — Hippocrates. 
 
 CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to con- 
 
 tract.' Cramjms,Enta'3iasystrev^ma,Tet'amti 
 dolorificus, Myoapas'mas, Spasmus rmiscula'- 
 ris, Rhegt, Rhegma, Rhegmus. A sudden, in- 
 voluntary, and highly painful contraction of a 
 muscle or muscles. It is most frequently ex- 
 pexiencsd in the lower extremities, and is a 
 commpn symptomof certain affections: — as of 
 Colica Pictqnum aiid Cholera Morbus. Fiio- 
 tion apd pompression, of the limb, by means of 
 a ligature applied round it -above tjle muscles 
 affected, will usually remove the spasm. 
 
 Cramp of the StomaCh, (F.) Cramp de 
 I'Estomac. A sudden, violent, and mdSjt pain- 
 ful affection of the sto,mach,,with sense of con- 
 striction in the epigastrium. It seems to be the 
 effect of the spasmodic contraction of the mus- 
 cular coat of the stomachj and requires, the use 
 of the most powerful stimulants and antispas- 
 modics, ai whicli, opium is the best. 
 
 , Cram^, Writers', Stami'mering of the Fin- 
 gers. A conditipn of the fingers, in which they 
 are unable to hold the pen, or. in which one or 
 more of the muscles of the fingers^ are irregu- 
 larly and irresistibly contracted. 
 
 CRAMPS DE L'ESTOMAC, ViAm^ ai 
 the stomach*^ - - 
 
 CRAN DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia sr- 
 moracia. 
 
 CRANBERRY, Vacciniujn, oxycoccos— e. 
 tJpland, Arbutus uva ursi. 
 
 CRANE; Crainium— c. Humain, Oraniitm 
 humanum. ,, ' 
 
 CRANF'S BILL, Geranium-^. Spotted, Ge- 
 ranium maculatum — c. Stinkingj-Geranium Eo- 
 bertianunS. 
 , CRANIOCELE, Encephalotele. 
 
 CRANIOHjEMATONCUS, Cephalaeinafo- 
 ma. , J 
 
 CRKT^lOli'OGY, Cranios'copy,CmrmUg^!ia, 
 Phrenol' ogy ,'Craniosciyp'ia, C. Gallia'na, Sn- 
 cepkaloseop'ia, Dociri'na Gallia'na. Words, 
 introduced, Since Gall, into medical language. 
 The first two terms are respectively derived 
 from K^onoV, 'cranium,' Myot, 'a discourse,' 
 ahd a-Konity, 'to exairiine.' They signify a 
 description, or simply an, examination of the 
 different parts of the external .surface of the 
 cranium, in- ordeir to deduce .from thence a 
 knowledge of the different intellectual,, and 
 moral di'spositions. ■ Strictly speaking,, it is by 
 Cranioscopy. that we acquire" a knowledge of 
 Craniology^ or of Organology: 0^ Cranology,3t 
 it has, also, been termed. These words are 
 generally, however, used in the same sense, 
 The cranium being moulded to the brain, 
 there are as many prominences on the bone, 
 as there are projections at the surface, of 
 the brain. According to Gall, each projection, 
 which he calls an organ, is the seat of a parti- 
 cular intellectual or moral faculty, and all per- 
 sons endowed with the same faculty, have, at 
 the same part of the brain, a prominence, which 
 is indicated, externally, by a bump or projec- 
 tion in the hony case. The System of Gall is 
 made to comprise 27 prominences, which an- 
 swer to 27 faculties. The following Table ex- 
 hibits these Supposed organs, and their seat. 
 
CBANIOLOGY 
 
 231 
 
 CRANIOLOGY 
 
 Ceeebral Oesans aud their 
 
 1. Inalinct of generation, of reproductioviama- f 
 tiveneasi instinct of propagation; venerealin- J 
 stinct. ■ S 
 
 (German.) Zeugungstiieb, Eortpflan- 
 zungBtrieb, Geschlech tstrieb. I. 
 
 2. Lme of progeny; philopfiogenitiven'ss. 
 (G.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe. 
 
 3. Aitachmmt; friendship. 5 
 (G.) Freundschaftsinn. . ( 
 
 4. Instinct of defending aelf^nd property; love 
 of strife and combat; combaiiveness; courage. 
 
 (C) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn. 
 
 5. Carnivorous instinii; inclination to murder; 
 deStrucliveness; cruelty. 
 
 (G.) W uigsinn, Mordsinn. 
 
 6. Cunning; finesse} address; secntivaiess. 
 (G.) List, Schlauheit, Klughieit 
 
 7. Desire of property; provident instinct; cupi- 
 dity; inclination to roblxry; itcqvidtimness. 1 
 
 (G.) Ei^enthumssinn, Hang zu stehl- ■ 
 en, Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn. 
 
 8. Pride; haughtiness; love of authority; eleva- 
 trjm. ~ 
 
 (G.JI, Stolz,. Hochmuth, Hohensinn, 
 HerTschEiUcbt. 
 
 9. Vanity; ambition; love of glory. 
 
 "■\ 
 
 I 
 
 (G.) Eitelkeit, B u b m s~uc h t", Ehrgeiz. < 
 
 lOi Circumspection; foresight. 
 
 (G.) Behutsamkeit,'V6rsicht, Vi 
 
 sichtigheil, . 
 1 1 . Memory of things; memory of facts; sense 
 
 of tlii:ags;'edu(iibiliiy; perfectibility; docility. J 
 (G.^ Sacbgeda:chtniBg, Erziehungs- | 
 
 f a h i g ke i t, S a c h s i n n. .' I 
 
 13, Sense of ■ locality ; , sense of the relation of 
 
 space; merrtory of places. ' i 
 
 (Cr.) O rtsinn, Raumsinn. j 
 
 13. Memory of persons; sense of persons. ,j 
 (G.) F ereonensinn' 
 
 14. Sense of words; sense of names; verbal me- 
 mory, ' ■ 
 
 (G.) W ordgedachtniss, Namensinnl 
 
 15. Sense of spoken language;, talent of philo- 
 togyj study of languages: . • 
 
 (G.) Sprachforschungssinn, Wort- 
 si n n, S p r a c h s i n n. 
 
 16. Sense of the relations of colour; talent of | 
 painting. ' ' > 
 
 (G.) Faibensinn. 
 
 17. , Sense of the relations of tones; musical ta- 
 lent. 
 
 (G.) Tonsinn. 
 
 18i Sense of the relations of numbers; mathema- 
 tics. 
 
 (G.) Zahlensinti. , 
 
 19. Sense of meehanics; sense of eonslrtfctioii; 
 talent of architecture;' industry. 
 
 (G.) Kivnstsinn, Bausinn. 
 
 UO. Comgftrative sagdcity. 
 
 (G.) Vergleitihender Scharfsinn. , 
 
 21. Metaphysical penetration; depth of mind. 
 
 (G.) Metaphysischer Tiefainn. 
 
 23. Wit. ' ^ 
 
 (G.) Witz. 
 
 2'.{. Poetical talent. 
 
 (G.) Uichtergeist 
 
 Skat, aocokdin(5 to Gall. 
 
 Seated in the ceiebellum. It is manifested at tlie 
 surface of the cranium by two round protube- 
 rances, one on each dde ^ of tlie nape of the 
 neck. 
 
 Indicated at the external occipital protuberance. 
 
 About the middle of the posterior iiiargin of the pa- 
 rietal bone; anterior to the last. 
 
 Seated a little above the ears ; in front of the last, 
 and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals; 
 forms a prominence at the posterior ,and superior 
 part "of the squamous surface of the teinporal bone, 
 above the mastoid process. 
 
 Above the meatus auditorius extermis, upon the sphe- 
 noidal angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Anterior to that of^cunning, of yjhich it seems to be 
 a prolopgation, and above that of mechanics, with 
 whichiit contributes to widen the cranium, by the 
 projection which they form at the side of the fr'on;' 
 tal bone. 
 
 Behind the top of -the head, at the extremity of the 
 sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone. 
 
 Situate at the side of the last, near &e posterior iiv- 
 ternal angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 Corresponds to the parietal protuberance. 
 
 Situate at the root of the nose, between the two eye- 
 brows, and a little above them. 
 
 Answers to the frontal sfnus, and is indicated exter- 
 nally by two pirominences at the inner edge of the 
 eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and outside of 
 the otgan of memory of tilings. 
 
 At the inner angle of the orbit. 
 
 Situate at the posterior part of the base of the two 
 anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal part of 
 the bottom of the orbit, So as to make t^e eye pro- 
 minent , 
 
 Also at the top of the orbits between the preceding 
 and that of the knowledge of colour. 
 
 The middle part of the eyebrows; encroaching a little 
 on the forehead. 
 
 A little above and to one side of tlie last ; above the 
 outer third of the orbitar arch. 
 
 On the outside of theorgan of tlie ^nse of the rela- 
 tion of colour, and below the last. 
 
 A round protuberance at the lateral bSse of tlie frontal 
 . bone, towards the, temple, and behind the organs 
 
 of ninsic and numbers. 
 At the middle and anterior part of the frontal bone, 
 
 abo've that of the memory of thingsi 
 In part confounded wdth the preceding. Indicated at 
 
 the outer side of the last bjr a protuberance, which 
 
 gives to the forehead a peculiar hemispherical shape. 
 At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giving 
 
 greater width to the, frontal firomirienee., 
 On the outer sideof the last; divided into two halves 
 
 by the coronal suture. 
 
CRANIOMETRY 
 
 232 
 
 CRAT^GDS ARIA 
 
 24. Goodness: bene'eohnce; mildness; compas- 
 sion; sen.iiMlity; moral sense; conscience; 
 
 ' honhovimie. 
 
 (G.) Gu tmiithigkeit, Mitleiden, mo- 
 ralischer Sinn, G^ewisseh. , 
 
 25. Imilntion; mimici:y. > 
 (G.) Nachahmungssinn.' i 
 
 26. God and religion;- lli^osppky. C 
 (G.) Theosophisches Sinn. \ 
 
 27. Firmness; constancy; perseverance; j)bsti- C 
 nacy. < 
 
 (G.) Stetigkeit, Fester Sinn. ( 
 
 ~ The first nineteen of these^ according to Gall, 
 are common to man and animals ; the remain- 
 ing eight, man possesses exclusively. They 
 are, consequently, the attributes of humanity. 
 
 Okgans According TO' Sftiezheim. 
 
 1. Amativeness.— 2. PMloprogenitiveness. — 
 3. Inhabitiveness.^^. Adhesiveness or Attach- 
 ment. — 5. CombatLveness. — 6. Destructive- 
 ness. — 7. Constructiveness. — ^8. Apquisitive- 
 ness. — 9. Secretiveness. — 10. Self-esteem.— 11. 
 Love of Approbation. — 12. Cautiousness, — 13, 
 Benevolence, — 14, Veneration. — 15. Firmness. 
 — 16. Conscientiousness or Justice.^-17. Hope. 
 —18. Marvellousness.— 19. Wit.— 20. Ideality. 
 — 21. Imitation.— 92.1ndividuality.— 23. Form. 
 — 34. Size.— 2S. Weight and Resistance. — ^26. 
 Colour.— 2,7. Locality. — ^28,~ Numeration. — 29. 
 Order.— 30. Eventuality.— 31. Time 32, Me- 
 lody or Tune.^— 33. Language'. — 34. Compari- 
 son. — 3S. Caijsality. , 
 
 A fundamental principle Vfith the Craniolo- 
 gists or Phrenologists is, — ^that the brain does' 
 not act as a single organ, but that it consists of 
 a plurality Of orgaiis : but, were we able to ad- 
 mit this, the assignment of the seat of different 
 faculties could nbt but be considered premature. 
 
 CRANIOM'ETRY, Craniomet'ria; from uga- 
 viov, 'the cranium,' and furfor, 'measure.' 
 Measurement of the skulL 
 
 CRANIOPATHI'A ; from Kgatior, 'the' cra- 
 nium,' arid naBos, 'disease.' Disease of the 
 cranium. 
 
 CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology. 
 
 CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spihal. 
 
 CRANIOT'OMY, Craniotom'ia ; from xga- 
 riov, 'the cranium,' and to/jtri, 'incision.' The 
 operation of opening the head in parturition. 
 
 Craniotomy Forceps. An instrument, rcr 
 Sembling the lithotomy forceps, for laying hold 
 of and breaking down the bones of the head, in 
 parturition. 
 
 CRANIUM, Cra'nion, Cranwm, Calvafria, 
 Sca'phion, Conckus, Calva, Olla eap'itis, Tkeca 
 Qgr'ebri, the skull; from xgaroc, '?i helmet,' or 
 from jrjai'oj', ' head.' (F.) Crane. The collec- 
 tion of bones which form the case for lodging 
 the brain and its membranes, as well as their 
 vessels, and some of the nerves. These bones 
 are eight in number. — the frontal, occipital, two 
 parietal, two temporal, the sphenoid, and eth- 
 moid. Besides these, there might be consi 
 dered, as belonging to the cranium, the cornua 
 sphenoidalia, the bones of the ear, and the ossa 
 Wormiana. Dr. Prichard has characterized the 
 primitive forms of the skull according to the 
 width of the Bregma, or space between thie pa- 
 rietal bones: 1. The Stenoiregihate, (artvo?, 
 ' narrow,') or Ethiopian variety. 2. The Meso- 
 iregmate, (fitao;, ' middle,') or Caucasian va- 
 
 " Indicated by an oblong prominence above the orgSn 
 of comparative sagacity; almost at the frontal su 
 ture. • ' 
 
 At the Outer side of the last. > ' 
 
 At the top of the ftoiital bone and at the superior 
 angles of the parietal boite. 
 
 Thetop of the head; at the anterior and most ele- 
 vated part of the pariete^ bone. 
 
 riety; and -3, The Platybregmate, [nlarvi, 
 ' broad,') or Mongolian variety. 
 
 Cranium Kvma'nvm, Human Cra'niiim,(f .) 
 Crane humain. This was anciently inuch used 
 -in prescriptions, arid was considered anti-epi- 
 leptic, alexipharmic, antiloimic, &c. 
 
 CRANOMANCY, dramomanti'a, from 1,50- 
 vov, ' the head,' and, ««»«!«, 'divination.' (F.) 
 Cranomancic The 'art of divining— from tlie 
 inspection of the head or cranium— the moral 
 dispositions arid inclihations of individuals. 
 
 CR^i\rSOJV;^Coch]earia officinalis. 
 
 cranssac, mineral waters of. 
 
 C^anssac is a village in the department of Avey- 
 ron, six leagues from Rhodez, which possesses 
 acidulous chalybeate springs,, that have been 
 inown for a long time. 
 
 CRANTER, from xSamtv, <to finisJi,' 'un- 
 der perfect.' The Deris Sapien'ti^ ha? been 
 sb called. 
 
 CRANUM, Crariium. 
 . CRAPULA, Craepale. 
 
 CRAQUEMENT DE C?7£S,(F.) 'Crad- 
 ling of leather.' ' A sound like the' crackling of 
 new leather, sometimes hfeard on examining the * 
 heart .with the stethoscope. ; It has been sup- 
 posed to be symptomatic of pericarditis. 
 
 CRAQUEMENT PITLMQNAIRE, (F.) 
 'Pulmonary crackling.' This inj;« or sound 
 consists in a succession of smajl cracklings, 
 heard during inspiration, and almost always 'at 
 the top of the lung- It is heard, at the eom- 
 mencement of phthisis. 
 
 CRASIS; Kfao-if, from.xtporvu^ii, 'Imix.' A 
 mixture of tha constituents of a fluid; as the 
 crasis of the blood, humours, &c. The word 
 has also been employed in a more extensive 
 signification^ as synonymous with Constifntion, 
 Temperament, &c. 
 
 CRASPEbON, Staphyloederiia. , 
 
 CRASSA.MENT'UM, from crassns, ' ttick.' 
 The thick jpart or deposit of any fluid. It is 
 particularly applied to the clgt of the blood., 
 
 Crassamentum SANGuiNiSj.see Blood. 
 
 CRAS.SE,(F.)' Dirt or impurity. A sort 
 of layer or enduit, which covers the skin, where 
 cleanliness is not attended to; and ;whi(!li,is 
 sometimes the result of the cutaneous eidiala- 
 tion; at others, of extraneous matter adhering 
 to the surface of the body. 
 
 CRASSE'NA. A .terra by which Paracelsus 
 ■designated the saliqe, putrescent; and corrosive 
 principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ul- 
 cers and tumours of different kinds. 
 
 CRASSULA, Sedum telephiuni. 
 
 CRASSUS, Corpulent. 
 
 CRAT^lGUSA'RIA,fromxSffT»f, 'strength,' 
 owing to the hardness of the wood. ,M6s'pUui, 
 Aria seu Sorbus,White Bean Tree, 0.)Alisier 
 blane, Alouche, Alouchier. The fruit, which is 
 
CRAT^VA MARMELOS 
 
 333 
 
 CREPITATION 
 
 of the size of a small pear, is slightly astringent, 
 and somewhat agreeable to the taste. It has 
 been employed in diarrhcea. , 
 
 CRAjTAVA MARMELOS, Covolam. 
 
 CRATERAU'CHEN,from»s«.ioc,'Btrength,' 
 and a«;^iiv, ' neck.' One with a strong neik : as 
 well as a strong neck itself. - 
 
 CRAT K V^SIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium, 
 
 CRATOS, Force.- 
 
 CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Craute is a village. five leagues from Autun, in 
 France, where are mineral springs, containing 
 stllphqhydrate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbo- 
 nate of magnesia. 
 
 CRAYEU^S, Cretaceous. 
 
 CRAYON NOIKjGvUfUies. 
 
 CRAZINESS, Insanity. 
 
 CREA,-Shin. 
 
 (;REAM, Cremor, (F.), Cringe. A thick, 
 unctuous msitter, of a yeliowish-white colour, 
 and sweet, agreeable taste, which rises to the 
 sur&ce of milk, if kept at rest. It is composed 
 of batter, serum, and casein. 
 
 Crhne is a name given in France to bauillies 
 prepared with farina of different kinds; as the 
 CreamofRice, (F.) Crime de Riz, C.of Bartey, 
 <J-)C. d'Oiie, &c. 
 
 Cream, Cold, Ceratum Galeni, Unguentum 
 Aquae rosae — c. of Tartar, Potassae supertartras. 
 
 CRE'ASOTE, Creosote, Creaso'tum, Kre'a- 
 9ote^Creaf8o'to»y Creazo'tofi; fromxg««c^^flesh,' 
 and ' s-aiTijf , 'a preserver.' A substance- dis- 
 covered not long ago by Reichenbach. It is 
 obtained from tar, by distillation, and -Appears 
 to he the active antiseptic' arid medicinal agent 
 in tar-vifater and crudie pyroligneous acid. It 
 is a colourless transparent fluid, of a penetrating 
 and disagreeable odour, and is freely soluble in 
 alcohol -and acetic acid. Its, taste is bitter. S. 
 g, 1 .037. It coagulates albumen, whence its 
 haemostatic power. It is a most powerful an- 
 tiiseptic ; and has been largely administered in 
 hemorrhages both internally and externally. 
 As an external application, it has been used in 
 burnsj ylcer's, especially those of a sloughing 
 character, chronic cutaneous affections, and has 
 been applied to tapeworm when protru4ed, &c. 
 Internally, it has been administered in phthisis, 
 vomiting, diabetes mellitus, nervous diseases, 
 chronic glanders, &c. The dose internally is 
 one or two drops. Externally, it is sometimes 
 applied pure ; at others diluted, and commonly 
 with water, (f.-JJss to f. §vj;) or in the form of 
 ointment, (f. gss, to 5j of cerate.) 
 
 CREATOPHAGU'S, Carnivorous. 
 
 CREAZOTON, Creasote. 
 
 CREMA^ON, Vyxoiis. ^ 
 
 CREMAS'TER, SMspendie^fihim, Eleva'tor 
 Testic'uli, Mus'culits Testis, Jk. Testioon' dus . 
 That which Suspends; from xji^am, 'I suspend.' 
 The Greeks designated, by this term, the sper- 
 matic chord, or all the parts by vvhii^h the tes- 
 ticle isj as it were, suspended; but, since Vesa- 
 lius, it has received its present limited meaning. 
 The creniaster is a very thin, muscular fascia 
 — sometimes hardly pe'rceptible^which de- 
 taches itself from the internal oJ)lique muscle ; 
 passes through the abdominal ring, and vanishes 
 around the tunica vaginalis ; serving- to draw up 
 the testicle, and to move it' slightly. It has 
 been, alsp, called Tjinica Erythroi'des and Sus- 
 penso'rium Testis. 
 16 
 
 CREMAS'TERIC, Cremaater'icus, same ety- 
 mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to 
 the cremaster,— as ' cremastetie, artery,' — ^ a 
 branch of the epigastric. 
 
 CKkMEfiieam—c. de iSoM/»'e,Sulphur praeci- 
 pitatum — e.'de Tartre, Potassas supertartras. 
 
 C REMER. The common name for a disease 
 frequent in Hungaf y, vvhich is produced by ex- 
 cess in eating and drinking. — Chomel. 
 
 C^EMNOI, plural of xpj/^iro?, 'a steep bank.' 
 The lips of an ulcer. The Labia Pudsiii'di. — 
 Hippocrates, Foesius. Hence : 
 . CREMNON'CUS, from xq^'os, 'the labia 
 pudendi,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.' A swelling 
 of the labia pudendi.- 
 
 CREMOR, Cream — c. Tartari, Potassse su- 
 pertartras — c. Urinae, see Urine.' 
 
 CR^NA,Crenatu'ra,DentiR'uhis,ff.)Crem- 
 lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- 
 tions in the bones of the cranium, byjpeanspf 
 ■which an accurate junction is formed at the 
 sutures. Crinelure has silso been Used in sur- 
 gery, for the gutter or groove in certain instru- 
 ments, which is generally intended to secure 
 the passage of cutting instruments ;— the groove, 
 for example^ of a director. 
 
 CRENATURA, Crena^ 
 
 CK£iV£iKK£, Crena. 
 
 CRE'OLE, (S.) Cnollo; from (S.) cnar, 'to 
 create or foster.' A native of America^ or of 
 the ^est Indies, born of parents who have emi- 
 grated from the 'old world, or from Afric*. 
 Hence there may be white as well as blacJc 
 Creoles. Tschudi. " . 
 
 CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
 
 CREPANELLA, Plumbago Euro^paea. 
 
 CREPA'TIO, Crepatu'ra, from crepare, ' to 
 make a noise.'' The action of bursting any seed 
 by ebullition. Coque ad erepatu'ram, 'Boil 
 till it bursts.' 
 
 CRENATURA, Hernia. ' 
 
 CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM, see Tar- 
 sus. 
 
 Q'KE,F'l'TAiiT,Crei>'itatingfirep'itans; same 
 •etymon. Crackling. 
 
 Rale Ciepitant Sec d Grasses Bulles, 'dry 
 crackling noise with formation of large bubbles, ' 
 i is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis- 
 tention becomes greater and greater, and is fol- 
 lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The airforcing 
 itself a passage in the interlobular cellular tis- 
 sue, gives rise to this Rale during inspiration. 
 
 Rdle Crepitartt Sfic of Laennec,' iS-. v^sic-u- 
 laire. The crepitant rattle, heard, during re- 
 spiration, in severe pneumonia and in oedema 
 of the lung; so termed on account of the analogy 
 between the soundand that occasioned by press- 
 ing a healthy lung between the fjngers. 
 
 CREPITATION, Crep'itus, from crepilare, 
 ' to make a noise.' Crackling. Crepitation or 
 crepitics', (F.) Cliqiietis, has been used, in Sur- 
 gery, to designate the noise occasioned Tjy the 
 friction of fractured bones, when the surgeon 
 moves them in certain directions. When it 
 cannot be heard at a distance, it may be de- 
 tected by the immediate application of the ear, 
 or-by the use of the stethoscope. Crepitus or 
 crackling is, litewise, met with in cases of gan- 
 grene, when air is effused into the cellular 
 membrane — provided the part be carefully ex- 
 amined with the fingers. The Same term is 
 used for the cracking of the joints in health or 
 disease. 
 
CREPITUS 
 
 234 
 
 CRieO- ARYTENOID 
 
 CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart— c. Lupi, Ly- 
 coperdon. ' - 
 
 GRESCENTIA, Growth. 
 
 Crescen'tia Cuje'te ; called after Crescen- 
 tio, an Italian writer on eigricultiwe; Cujete, 
 JS'arrow-leaved Calabash Tree. The pulp of the 
 fruit of this West India plant is acidulous. It 
 is used in dizorhcea and headache ; and, in syrup, 
 for diseases of the chest. 
 
 CRESCENTIjE. Waxing kernels. 
 
 CRESERAjSee Cribration. . , 
 
 CRESPINUS, Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cpdamine 
 pratensis — c. Gtarden, liBpidium satiVum-^-c. 
 Indian, TropsBolum majus — c. Penny, Thlaspi 
 — c. Swines',. Cochlearia coronopus-r— c. Water, 
 Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. Water, marsh, Nas- 
 turtium palustre. 
 
 CRESsES, doge, Lapsana— c. Sciatica, 
 Lepidium Iberis. 
 
 CRESSIi,, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
 
 CRESSON ALENOiS, Lepidium sativum 
 — c. Jileg-ant, Gaxdamine pratensis — e. de t'tfn- 
 taine. Sisymbrium nasturtium— f. des Indes, 
 Tropaeoluiji majos — c. des Jardins, Lepidium 
 sativum — c. du Mea^que^ Tropasolum majus — 
 c. de Para, Spilanthqs oleraceus^^c. des ffres, 
 Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CREST, Crista— c. of the Ilium, see Crista, 
 of the Ilium — c. of the Pubis, see Crista of the 
 Pubis — c. of the.Tibia, see Crista of the. Tibia 
 — c. of the Urethra, see Crista urethralisi 
 
 GRETA, Car^bonas Calds friab'ilis, Car^- 
 bonas calcaneus, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, 
 Chalk, Carbonate of lame, (F.) Craie.. ' Native 
 friable carbonate of lime. 
 
 Greta Pbepaea'ta, Car'bonas Calcis pree- 
 para'ttia, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levi-, 
 gation.) Used, externally, as an absorbent; in- 
 ternally, as an antacid'. Dose, gr. x to 5j or 
 more. 
 
 CRETA'GEOUS, Cretd'ceus, (F.), Crayeux, 
 from creta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, 
 or having the characters of, chalk; as 'cretace- 
 ous mixture, cretaceous tubercles.' ' 
 
 CRETE, Crista— c. de Co?, Crista galli—c. 
 de PEthmoide, Crista galli — c. Urethrale, Galli- 
 naginis caput — o. TJretral^, Caput Gallinaginis. 
 
 CRETES DE COQ,see Crista.' 
 
 CR&TIN. One affected with cretinism. 
 The word is said to come froin Chretien, 
 "Christian," because the Cretin, being in a 
 state of idiocy, is incapable of committing any 
 sin. See Cagpt, 
 
 CRET'INISM,CretJm«OT'M«,Q'«*'jwflg^, Cjrr- 
 to'sis Cretinis'mus4 An epidemic affection in 
 the low, deep, narrow situations of the Valais; 
 in the valley of Abst, Maurienne, a part of 
 Switzerland, the Pyrenees, Tyrol, &c. It is a 
 state of idiocy, commonly accompanied by an 
 enormous, goitre, and is often hereditary. The 
 unfortunate crfctin is little better than the ani- 
 mals around him. He rarely "attains an ad- 
 vanced age. Like idiocy, cretinism has been 
 divided into complete and incomplete. 
 
 CREUSBT, Crucible. 
 
 CREUX DE L'AISSELLEi see Axilla. 
 
 CREUX DE VESTOMAO, Fassette dn 
 cxtir. 
 
 CRETTX DE LA MAIN, Palm. 
 
 CREUZNACH, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 The springs of Creuznach are in Germany. 
 
 They contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides 
 of sodium and calcium. 
 
 CREUZOt, MIN'ERAL WATERS OF. C. 
 is a piountain to the northreast ojf Mount Cenis. 
 Near it is a siline chalybeate spring. 
 
 CREVASSE,^ (,^.) Rima, from crever, <to 
 break or crack.' .A crack, a Cleft. The words 
 crevasse, ger<iturf,Ji3sure,a.ni. rt,agadeaxe often 
 use^ synonymously for small longitudinal cracks 
 or chaps of a more or less pamfiil character. 
 Sometimes, crevasse, is employed to designate 
 the solutions of continuity or ruptures, which 
 supervene in distended parts, in the urinary 
 passages,- uterus, &c. : it is then synonymous 
 with rupture. 
 
 CRT, Cry. .,' 
 
 ,Ci?ZBi4 Cribratus. 
 
 CRIBRA, see Cribration, 
 
 CRIBRA'TION, .Cribra'tlo,. Gosnnii'mis, 
 from criirare, ' to sift.' Sifiingi A pharma- 
 ceutical operati4ni, which consists in separatin" 
 the finest parts of ^drugs from the coarser! 
 Sieves are used fpr this purpose, T^eee were 
 formerly called Cribra ; Gos'einm. . A sieyefor 
 separating the bran from meal was termed 
 Cre'sera, Aleurote'sis, Cribrtcm Pollijiiirivm,. 
 
 CRIBRA'TUS, Cribro'svs, frojn eribrum, 'a 
 sieve.' (F.) CribW. Having holes like a 
 sieve. Lame criblee, Crib'riform. plate, is the 
 horizontal lamina, of the ethflnoid bone^-so 
 called because it is perforated' like: a sieve. 
 Through the perfoiatioBg the olfactory nerves 
 pass. 
 
 Lc^min-a Cribro'sa- of Albinus; — a circular 
 spot, perforated with small holes, seen wheii 
 the optic , nerv.e is regarded from the ineidej 
 after -removing; the retina and choroid. From 
 these, holes the inedullary matter may ie ex- 
 pressed. 
 
 - CRIB*RIFORM, CHbrifor'mis, from crihhm, 
 ' a sieve,' and forma, ' form.' The ethmoid 
 bone was formerly so called : — Os- Cribrifor'inie^ 
 
 Ceibrifokm CpMPEESs. A square piece of 
 linen pierced with a number of holes. This is 
 spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating 
 surface, the holes being intended for the escape 
 of the pus. 
 
 Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform. 
 
 CRIBROSUS, Cribratus. 
 
 GRIBRUMPOLLINARIUM,seeCribration. 
 
 CRIGARYTENODES, Crico-arytenbid. 
 
 CRIGELA'SIA, Crieilatsia, from x;<«k, 'a 
 circle,' and tAauno., ' I drive.' An exercise. with 
 the ancients, which appears- to have been fhe 
 same as the childish play of rolling the hoop, 
 
 CRICK IN. THE NiEGK- A painful rheu- 
 matic affection of the muscles* of the neck, 
 which causes the personto hold his head to one 
 side in a characteristic manner. 
 
 CRICO-ARYT'ENOID, Cnco-aryttnoUeus, 
 Cricaryteno'des. Relating to the Cficoid and 
 arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 Criro-Arstt'enoid Muscle, Crico-atyteMi- 
 dfius latera'lis, Crico-latiro-aritivoidien. A 
 muscle which proceeds from the lateral !pattiof 
 the superior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the 
 outer and anterior pMt of the base of the aryte- 
 noid cartilage. It carries the arytenoid carti* 
 lage. outward and forwards.. 
 
 Grico-Artt'ehoid, Poste'riob; Crieo-arfti' 
 naid^us posti'ens, Crico-criti'-aritinoldien, IH- 
 lixtatewr posterienr du Larynx. A smallj tri^ 
 angular muscle, seated at the back part of th« 
 
CRICO-CRitl-ARiTiNOIDIEN 235 
 
 CRISTALLtNE 
 
 laryftx. It extends from the prominent line, 
 at the middle of the posterior surface of the 
 cricoid cartilage, to the outer and ~ posterior 
 part of the base pf the arytenoid- cartilage. 
 
 Ceico-Aettenoid«'us SuPE'kioR, of Wins- 
 low, form* part of the Arytenffide'us pf modern 
 anatpmists. ' .. 
 
 CRICO'bRKTl-ARITiNOIDIEN, Cri- 
 cb-arytehpid, ppsterior — c.Latero-dryteno'idim,' 
 Crico-atyteBoid. 
 
 CpiGO - PHARYNGEAL, Crieo-Pkaryn 
 geus. Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and 
 pharynx. 
 
 Cricp-Pharyngeus muscle, pf Winslow, is 
 a fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Con- 
 strictor Pkaryngis inferior. He calk the 
 other part Tkgto-phi,tynge'v,s, and prpppses 
 to call the whple Thyro-crico-pharyngeus. 
 
 CRICO-THYREOIDES, Cricp-Thyrpidean. 
 
 Ceico-Thtroid'ean, Crico-thifrmd,, Qrico- 
 thyreo'des, Crico-thyrettides, Crico-thyreoXdeUs. 
 Belonging to the cricoid' and irhyroid carti- 
 lages. 
 
 CriOo-Thyeoid MeiUbrane is of a fibrous 
 nature; and extends from the^ upper edge of the 
 cricpid cartilage to the inferior edge of the 
 thyroid. , . 
 
 Crico-Thyeoid Mtisole, Crim-Tkyroide'us , 
 (V.yDilatateur anterieur du larynx, is a small, 
 fleshy bundle, of a, triingular shape, at the an- 
 terior and inferipr part of 'the larynx. It ex- 
 tends frpm the outer surface of the cricoid car- 
 tilage to the lateral parts of the inferior margin 
 of thS thyroid cartilage; and it^ use is, to ap- 
 proximate, anteriorly, the cprresppnding mar-, 
 gins pf the cricoid and thyroid cartilages ; and 
 •thus to stretch the ligaments of the g)ottis, 
 which it contracts by Separating the thyroid' 
 cartilage from the arytenoid. 
 
 CRICO-THYRO-PHARYNaiEW, CPn- 
 strictpr phrfryngis. . 
 
 CRICOlb, Qrico'i'deiis, Cricot'degjCrieo'des, 
 Anfiulafris, Cymbala'ris, frpm xqixo;, 'a ring,' 
 and ei3oc, 'fprm.' Having the-forni' pf- a 
 ring. (F.) C'a/i'tilage ationyme. A name given 
 to one 'of the cartilages of the larynX, C'arti- 
 /.a/go innomina'ta, which is situate at it^ lowe^ 
 part', between the thyroid and first ring of the 
 trachea. It is much higher behind than before. 
 
 GRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid. 
 
 CRICOS, Ring. ' 
 
 CRIMNO'DESi Crvm,no%'dts\ from imitvot, 
 'coarse meal,' and tiJoc, 'resemblance.',! Re- 
 sembling meal. 
 
 Ceimno'des USi'na. Urine that deposits a 
 sediment like meal. 
 
 CRIMNON, Tarina. 
 
 CRINA'LE, from crinis, 'hair.' An instru- 
 ment, formerly used to compress in cases of 
 fistula lachrymalis. It has its name from the 
 circunistahde of its' having at one end a small 
 cushion ^tufl%d with hair. — Scultetus. - 
 
 CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used 
 by PaiJlus of .^Egina. The' roots' of lilies en- 
 tered info the process; heilce itfl name, — froHi 
 xjitoi, ' the lily-' 
 
 CRINES, Hair. 
 
 CRINIS, Caprllus. l 
 
 , CRlNOMr'RON, frorti xO'vot, 'the lily,' and 
 uooov, 'ointment.' XJngiten'ium lilia'cMi^, U. 
 JSgyp'tivm, album, 77. Susi'mmli An oiflt- 
 ment, comppsed of lilies and sorfte aromatic 
 plants. — Gprraus. 
 
 CRINON, Lilium candldum, 
 CRIOLLO, Creole. 
 
 CRIOMYX'OS, Kffio^uSof. In antiquity, Pne 
 who had much mucus flpwing frpm his nasal 
 fossae, like the ram; frpm x^<o;, 'a ram,' and 
 fiviot, ' mucus.' , 
 
 CRISIS, t)iac'risis, Dijudicdtio, 'decision;' 
 frpm xjivui, 'I decide.' This wprd has been 
 used in varipus acceptations. Spme mean by 
 criaii of a disease, when it augments pr dimi- 
 nishes considerably, becomes transformed into 
 another, ,or ceases entirely. Some have used 
 the word to signify only the favourable changes, 
 whidh Bllpeivene in disease; others, for the 
 change goingjon in the acme or, violence of the 
 disease. Others, sigain, have given this name 
 only tp a rapid and favputable change, joined 
 to some copious evacuation or eruption ; whilst 
 others have applied the term to the symptoms 
 that accompany such change, and not to the 
 change itself; — ^thuS including^ under the same 
 denominatipn, the criiicor phenpniena and th« 
 cHsis. 
 
 CRiSPA'TION, Crispatu'ra, frPnj erispare,, 
 ' tp wrinkle.' A cpntraction or spasmodic con- 
 striction, which supervenes in certain parts, 
 either . spontaneously or by the influence of 
 sonie morbific cause or therjrtieutical dgefat. 
 The <^apillairy vessels pf a wound are, by the 
 Frenchjtermed crispes, when, immediately after 
 ah operation, the bloPd does not flow from them. 
 The Skin is said to be crispee, when contracted, 
 and the- bulbs of the hair* become-more promi- 
 nent. Crispatron of the nerves is a slight con- 
 vulsive motipn of external or internal parts, 
 nluch less than that which occurs in convulsion. 
 
 CRISTA, Amb's, Ambon. A crest. (F.) 
 Crhe. A name given to several bony projec- 
 tions ; also, to the clitoris. 
 , The word drites (F.), Crista, is also used, 
 in France, for fimbriated excrescences. Which 
 form at the anus, and near the genital orgaHs ; 
 and are commonly owing to thesyphilitic virus. 
 elites de Coq are syphilitic excrescences', re- 
 sembling, inforrri, the crest of the cock. 
 
 Crista Galli; two Latin words, signifying 
 the comb of a cociy(F.) Ct'Ue de I'ethmo'ide, C. 
 de Coq. A flati triaftgttlai' process, rising above 
 the cribriforfli plate of the ethmoid bone, and 
 resembling-a coc k's cpmb . It gives attachment 
 tp the anterior part <rf the falS cerebri. 
 
 Ceista Pe Crest of -i-he It^iifM, is the supe- 
 rior margin of the ilium :^the Crista or Crest 
 tif the Tib'ik, the suiteribr edgg, the shiil ; and 
 the Crista or Crest of the Pubis; the poste- 
 rior sharp edge on the tfpper surface of the bone. 
 Winslow' calls the nymi&* Crista of the clit'- 
 oris; and Chanssier, the VtertntlOfltamuaMj' Crista 
 Urethra! lis, Cr'tt/t' of the't^rethrd. 
 
 Ceista Inteei**, Frpntal spine — c. Tibiae, 
 Shin — c. Urethralis, Galliitagiriis- caput. 
 
 Crista VEstiB'uti. A crtest Which divides 
 the vestibule of the ear into't'Wt>fpSsaB,''-pne in- 
 ferior and hemispherical; c^si'Fb'vea hefmi' 
 spha'rica: the other superior and semi-elliptical, 
 Fovea selU'-fslliptiea. Mbrgagni has described 
 a third grdpvelike fosSa, R'eie's'sWs s'lildforrlfis, 
 situate at the rtottth of the cPrtittioKi orifice of 
 tjie two superior semicirclift'r' caflalfe; 
 . CRISTA, CLITORIDlfe' Nyhiphte. 
 
 CRJSl'ALllIN, CryStalUiifr. 
 • CR IS T'ALI.,INE, MefeeMfcrjr'a'tfthtoiuift 
 I erystallinum. 
 
CRITHE 
 
 236 
 
 CROTON BENZOE 
 
 CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordetmi, Penis. 
 
 CRITHIDION, Hordeolum. 
 
 CEITHMUM MARIT.'IMUM, Cnthmum, 
 Samphire, (F.) Passe-pierre, Perce-pierre, Per 
 nouil marin, Bacile. Family, Umbellifirsei 
 Sex. Syst. - Pentandria Digynia. A • plant 
 which grows on the sea-coasts, has a spicy, 
 aromatic flavour, and is used, pickled, as a con- 
 diment. 
 
 The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of ciith- 
 mum. 
 
 CRIT'ICAL, Crieicus. Belonging to .a 
 opisis. , , - , ,^ ■,■,,,," 
 
 Ceitical Days, Dies erit'ici, D . judicato'rii, 
 J), Decreto'rii,' D,Pnn'cipes, X). Radica'les, 
 D. Cbntempldbjiles, D. Internun'cii, (E.) Jours 
 critiques, are those on which a crisis, it is 
 imagiVied, is most likely to happen. A.ccord- 
 ing to Hippocrates and Galen, the greatest 
 number of fevers teripinaite favourably on the 
 7th day, and rnany on the, 14th ;.^these,t*o days 
 being the most propitious. Next to these come, 
 in order of efficiency, the 9th, llth, 20th or' 
 aistjlTth, 5th, 4tli, 3d, Inth, a7th,- and -28th. 
 The sixth day was called by Galen, the Tyrant, 
 rvQayvos, because the crises, that happened 
 then, weie generally unfevourable. After thi^, 
 the most unfavourable were the Sth, 10th, I2th, 
 IGth, and l9th. The 13th was a sort of neutral 
 day ; the crises which "happened on it, being 
 neither favourable nor uiifevoufable. Days 
 were, also, divided into Inter'^calary , on wiiiiSh 
 the crises happened less frequently, and were 
 Lss complete than on the critical or indicatory; 
 — end into vaciinl: and non-decretory, on which 
 a crisis hardly ever occurred.. According to 
 this division, they were enumerated as follows : 
 Critical day^, 7th, 14th, aoth, 27th, 34th, 
 
 40th, 60th, &c. 
 Indicatory days, 4th, llth, l7th, 94th, &c. 
 Intercalary days, 3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, &c. 
 Non-decretory days, iA,^th, lUth, 12th, 13th, 
 . &c. ■ 
 
 Fortunate crises were considered to be indi- 
 cated by favourable signs appearing three days 
 before; 
 
 CROCHETi Crotchet. 
 
 CROCIDISMUS, Carphdlpgia. 
 
 CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia. 
 
 CROCIN'UM, from xjox^, 'saffron.' Made 
 with saffron ; coloured with saffron^ 
 
 CROCO'DES, from zffoKoc, 'saffron,' and 
 iiiot,' 'resemblance.' Certain troches into 
 which saffron entered as an ingredient.^Paulus 
 of.Sgina. 
 
 CROCODI'LEA, Stercus Lacer'tee. The ex- 
 crements of -the crocodilei which the Arabists 
 extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and 
 which was long used as a cosmetic 
 
 CROCODILIUM, Echinops. ' 
 
 CROCOMAG'MA, from i<|5iiOf, 'saffron,' and 
 uny/jLa, 'a kneaded or squeezed mass.' A kind 
 of trpch, cbmpoSed of saffroti and spices. — Ga- 
 len, Dioscorides, Paulus of jEgina, Scribonius 
 Largus. 
 
 CROCUS, C. Sati'vuSfC. Aiistriacus, Medi- 
 ci* na Tristit* 'ix, Pa/nace'a vegetah.'ilis,Zaffran, 
 An'ima Pulmcf nitm, C. Orienta'Hs; Jovis flos. 
 Saffron, (F.) Safran. Order, Jridtae. The 
 stigmata are the parts used in medicine., They 
 are brought from the East. The odour is aro- 
 matic, and the taste aroinatic, pungent, and 
 bitter: — the colour deep orange red. Its vir- 
 
 tues are yielded to alcohol, wine, vinegar and 
 water. Its operation has been considered 
 stimulant, exhilarating . and diaphoretic . It is 
 not mttchused. 
 
 Cake SojfTOre is ..sometimes met with. It 
 consists of one part of saffron and nine af mari- 
 .gold, made into a cal^p with oil) and pressed. 
 
 Ckootts, Colcothar— -c. Antimonii, Oxydnm 
 stibii sulphuratpm-^c. Germanicus, Carthamus 
 tinctorius — c. Indicus, Curcuma longa — c.Mar- 
 tis adstringens, Cokothar — <:. Martis aperiens, 
 Ferri subcarbonas — c Martis vitriolatus, Col- 
 cothar — c. Metalforum, Oxydum stjiiii sulphu- 
 ratum — c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 
 CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia, 
 
 CnOISe., XF.) Crossed. An, epitheit giyen 
 to paralysis, when it attacks the attnj of one 
 side, and the leg of another. 
 
 'CRdlS84N.CE, Growth. 
 
 CROISSANCES, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. 
 
 CROIX BE MALTE, Sple'niiim. Cruda'- 
 turn, Maltese Cross, Crioss of Malta. A com- 
 press, having the form of the Maltese cross. It 
 is made of a piece of square linen, folded in 
 four, and divided with scissors from each angls 
 to a small distance from the centre.' It is used 
 especially after amputation of the -fingers, pe- 
 nis, and linibs. 
 
 When the compress is cut in two of its angles 
 only, it is .called the Half Maltese Cross,— Si- 
 mi-croia:^ de Malte. / ' 
 
 CROMMYON, Allium cepa. 
 
 CROMMYOXYREG?MIA,.from xjo^j.wi, 
 'an onion,' oluc, 'acid,' and sij/h'/ki, 'to break 
 out,' Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell 
 similar to that of onions. 
 
 CROP ALE, Nerium ahtidysentericum. 
 
 CROPSIA, Chromopsia. 
 , CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte. , ' 
 
 CROSSE DE UAORTE, Arch of th^ aorta. 
 
 CROSSES PALMAIRES, Palmar arches. 
 
 CROSSWORT, Eupatoriurh perfoliatum. 
 
 CROTALOPHORUS, Cr'otalus borridus. 
 
 ■CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Ci-otalpph'orm. 
 The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Cro- 
 tale. A venomous reptile of North America. 
 Its poison is virulent. It is so called from the rat^v^ 
 tlein its tail, (x5oToAiii!,'arattle,"asmallbell.') 
 
 CROT'APHE, Crota'phium, from xjoTaipM) 
 'temple.' Cephalalgia Pidsift'ilis,-Oeph.Ma 
 Pulsat'ilis, Sphygmoceph'alus^ A pylsatory 
 pain, chiefly in the temples, with drumming in 
 the ears. 
 
 CROTAPHITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar- 
 teries. 
 
 CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle. 
 
 CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe. 
 
 CROTAPHUS, Teinple, Temporal bone. 
 
 CROTCHET, Hamiis. A sma.ll hook or 
 crook. (F.) Crochet. ' An obstetrical instru- 
 ment, vvhose name indicates . its shape; and 
 which is used in the extraction of the fffifiis, 
 wherf it bedonies necessary to destroy it to ei- 
 pfedite delivery. Crotchets are: differently 
 formed; some are sharp, others- blunt; some 
 contained in a sheath, others naked. 
 
 CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin. 
 
 Croton Cascaril'la, Cortex Eleuthn'rta, 
 Croton, Eleutfie'ria, Thus Judao'rum, Chaea- 
 ril'lse. cortex, Casearil'la,Eleute'ria,GascarU'la. 
 Order, EuphorbiacesE. Sex, Syst. Monfficia 
 Monadelphia. (F.) Quinquina aromatiqtu, 
 
CROTONE 
 
 237 
 
 CRUELS 
 
 CascaritU. The bark of Cyottm Casearilla 
 of the Bahamas, Cortex Thuria, has a slightly 
 BTomatic odour, and bitterish, aromatic taste. 
 The smoke has the odour of musk. The ac- 
 tive p^rts are an essential oil and bitter extrac- 
 tive. They are completely extracted by proof 
 spirit. It is tonic and stomachic> Dose, gr. 
 XV. to gss or more in powder. 
 
 Croton Eleutheria, Croton casearilla — c. 
 Lacciferum, see Lacca— ^c. OiljCrOton tiglium. 
 • Crotch RACEMo'suia, Be«Ke/. A small Ma- 
 labar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of 
 sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini- 
 ment in headache and rheumatism. 
 
 Croton T^in'tivwyGadel-Avanacu. A Cey- 
 lonese plant, every part of which is endowed 
 ■with medicinal power^ The root is a drastic 
 cathartic:, the wooi,\Lign.tim Fava'niB,) Fo' 
 vana wood, and the seed, have like virtues. The 
 seeds have been long, known under the names, 
 GtrcmaMolud ca, TU'viGrana,xai Grana Tig'- 
 lii seu Tig'lia. ■ From these seeds the Croton 
 Oil, p'leum Tig'lii, Is expressed. It is of a pale, 
 brownfeh-yellow colour^ arid hot, biting taste J 
 and is a most powerfiil drastic cathartic. Dose, 
 ftom half a drop to three drops, made into pills 
 with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter- 
 nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rjibbed 
 on the part; or one part of the oil and three 
 parts of olive oil may bs added together, and a 
 little of this be rubbed on. 
 
 CROTO'NE, fesoran-.,. A fungus, which 
 grows on trees, and is produced by an insect, 
 from xjoTwi', ' a tick.' fiy extension, applied to 
 a fungous tumour developed on the periosteum. 
 
 CROUP, Cjnanche trachealis— c. Bronchial, 
 Polypus bronchialisvT-c. Cerebral spasmodic, 
 Carpo-pedal spasm — c. Cerebral, Asthma thy- 
 micuni — c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. 
 Ffmx, Asthma thymicum, see Cynanche tra- 
 chealis.. 
 
 Croup, Htster'ic. A spasmodic affection of 
 the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent 
 in hysterical females,. — ^the paroxysm consisting 
 in a long protracted, loud and convulsive cough, 
 followed at times by^crowing respiration, and 
 by dyspncea so great as to threaten suffocation. 
 The treatment is that advised for hysteria. 
 
 Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymjcum — c* Pseu- 
 do^erveux, Asthma thymicum— c. Spasmodic, 
 see Cynanche trachealis, and Asthma thymicum 
 — c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum. , 
 
 CROXIFE, see Croiipion. ■ 
 
 CROUFION(F),Uropyg'{ttm,OrJts,Orrhosi 
 the Ritmp. The region of the coccyx.', Tbe 
 Crupper, (F.) Croupe.' 
 
 CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN- 
 FANTS, Asthma thymipum. 
 
 CROilTE, Crusta— c. de halt, Porrigo larr 
 yalis — c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 CROUTEUX, Crustace. 
 
 CROWFOOT, Geranium maCutatum^c. 
 Bulbous-rooted,Ranunculusbulbosus — c .Marsh, 
 Ranunculus sceleratus -^ c. Meadow, Ranuncu- 
 lus acrrs — c. Water, smaller. Ranunculus flam- 
 raula. ' 
 
 CROWN, Cbro'na, Steph'cml. In anatomy, 
 this name is given to parts of a circular form, 
 which surmount other portions of the same 
 body. Thus, the Crown of a Tooth, Coro'na 
 Deiitis, (F.) Couronne du Dent, is the portion 
 of the tooth which projects above the gum. 
 
 Crown op the Glans, Coro'na seu Tor'uhis 
 glandis,(V.) Couronne du gland,i is the round, 
 almost circular, ring, which i^rcumscribes th« 
 base of the glans. 
 
 Crown of tbe Trepan, Modi'olus, (V.)poii- 
 ronne de Trepan, is a species x>f saw, in form df 
 a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder, 
 having grooves on its external i surface, and 
 teeth at its lower extremity: the other being 
 fitted to the handle of the trepan. 
 
 Crown of Venus, Corq'na Ven'fris, GutVa 
 Rosa'ceaSypkilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. 
 Red, rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face ; 
 bi)t particularly on the forehead and temples, 
 owing to constitutional syphilis. 
 
 CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid 
 process. 
 
 CRU'CIAL, frotri crux, erucis, 'a cross.' 
 Crucia'lis, Crucia'tus'. Having the shape of a 
 cross. Appertaining to a cross. 
 Crucial Bandase, Ti Bandage. 
 Crucial Inois'iOn, Ineisu'ra erucia'lis, (F.) 
 Incision cruciale. An incision made in the form 
 of a cross. Often employed for exposing, the 
 cranium, for the purpose of applying the trepan. 
 Crucial Ligament of the- Atlas, Annular 
 ligament-'of the- Atlas. 
 
 CRUfciAL Lis'aments, (F .) Ligaments croisSs, 
 ' L. cruciformes. Two strong Ugaihents within 
 the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely 
 from a depression anterior to th^ spine of the 
 tibia to the posterior and inner part of the ex- 
 ternal condyle of the> femur :^the other, the 
 ppsterior, extends from the posterior part of the 
 spine of the tibia to the anterior and outer part 
 of the internal condyle. 
 CRUCIA'TIDOLO'RES,Excruciatingpains. 
 CRU'CIBLE, from crj^a;, erucis, ' a cross :' so 
 called^ — it has been supposed — front beingf made 
 in the shape of a cross, or from^ having a cross 
 inipressed upon it : Crucib'ulmm,Cati'nusfuso'- 
 riuSfTigil'lupi, Albot,Cemente'riwm,-(^ .") Creu- 
 set. A vessel of earth, silver, platinuni, gold, 
 black-lead, &c., for receiving substances, which 
 have to be exposed to a strong heat. It is some- 
 times Covered with a tojj or /i(i. (F .) Couverele. 
 CRU'CIFORM, irovo. crux, erucis; a ' cross,' 
 aniforma, 'shape j' 6ruelf«r'mis,Crosa-shaped. 
 A name given to the! ligaments which close th« 
 articulations of the phalianges ; and likewise to 
 . the crucial ligaments. 
 
 CRUDE,' Crudus, Omus. Raw, unripe, not 
 concocted^ ' 
 
 CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity— c. Ven- 
 triciili, see Crvidity. 
 
 CRU'DITy, Cru'ditcfs, Om'otes, Status CrU- 
 dita'Hs, from crMefwi, 'crude,' 'unprepared,' 
 incoctus. Rawness, Crudeness. This has 're- 
 ceived several acceptations. 1 . It expresses 
 the quality of certain aliments, which have not 
 experienced the action of fire. 3. The condition 
 of mattefrs iirthe digestive'tube, which have not 
 undergone the digestive changes, — cru'ditas ven- 
 tric'uH ;and, 3. In the language of the Humorists, 
 it means the condition of the morbific matter in 
 a sick individual, cru'ditas morbi, when it has 
 not yet been prepared or concocted by the action 
 of the organs,! — Azymlia hwmo' rum. 
 
 The word is used in the plural. Crudities, 
 synonymously with crude matters. (F.)' Ma- 
 tiires crues. It is applied to those, when con- 
 tained in the stomach and'intestines. 
 , CRUELS, Scrofula. 
 
URUENTA EXSPtriTIO 
 
 S38 
 
 ORVSTA^-^ 
 
 CRTJENT4 ,EXSPtriT.IO, Haemoptysis. 
 
 CRUES {Maitikres,) see Crudity,. j 
 
 CRUMiyNA VESI«^. The 'eavity of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 CRUOR. The signification of this word is 
 very vague. It has been used to designate 
 blood in general, venous fjlood, extravasated 
 or coagulated blood, and the colouring jnatter. 
 
 Cruor SANGfuitJis, see Blood. 
 
 CRUORINB, Hsematihe. 
 
 CROPPER, Crutippon. 
 
 CRUPglAjMetamorphopsia. 
 
 CRURA- The plural of CVk*,' a leg,' (F.) 
 Vwisse. Applied to soipe parts of the boify, 
 from their resemblance to ,legs' or roots ; as the 
 Crura cerebri. Crura 'ceVehellij &c. 
 
 Crura Anteriora MEDULLiE ObIpngat^e, 
 Peduncles of the brain— c. Medullas oblongatae, 
 Corpora restiformia, Thalawi ttervortim opti- 
 corurii, see Peduncles of the cerebelluni — c. 
 Posteriora medulla? oblpjigatae; Pedpncles of the 
 cerebellum. 
 
 CRUR^US, Cruralis. ,.- " 
 
 CRURAL, Crura'Us, frOjin crus, '' the thigh, 
 andthe lovver limb.' Wh^t belongs to the thigh 
 or lower limb; ' 
 
 Crvrai^ Arch, In'gjUffn/tlArchjFepigral Arch, 
 (E.) Ateadis firy,rale. A, in:guinale (Ch.) — 
 PoTjpART'g I/ig'amerft, L. of Pallo'pin-s. ThijB 
 arch is formed by the intern*! portion of the 
 infejrior-edgeof the aponeurosis of fhe bbliquus 
 eyternus wuscle, which is attached, at one end, 
 to the pubis ; iX the other, to the anterior and 
 superior spinoiiis process of ^b* iliufn. At its 
 posterior and inner part, the aponeurosis, form-> 
 ing the arch, sends off a falciforiin reflection, 
 which is attached along tjw crest of the pubis, 
 and is kpown under the name of Gj^berkaj's 
 Ligqmpi^r Beneath this arch, the vesgels, 
 nejrves, *nd muscles iiwie their ejcit from th? 
 pels' js to the thigh. - 
 
 Crural ^uterit, Fenp'oral Artery, (F,) 
 Artere erur/ffe, 4- Pe}vi-crwrcde,-^{Ch.,) is the 
 continuation of the exterpal iliac. It extends 
 froin,the crural arch tp the aperture iji the tri- 
 ceps, or to the ham. iChaussier applies the 
 natne Artere crural^ tp the trunk, which ex- 
 tends from the primitive or common iliac to the 
 tibial arterip? ; pmbraciijg, of course, the ejcteji 
 nal, iliac, femoral, and popliteal, . . 
 
 Crukal C.aha^, Cruraf P-i^g, Ferrp"''ral ca- 
 nal or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has described 
 this canal vntb minuteness, find giyen it the 
 name Anneau ■crural, Anneau ff^vral. It i? 
 nearly an inch long, triangular, more spacious 
 above than below, ?nd shorter and broader 
 in the female than in the paale, Its upper orifice 
 is bounded, anteriorly; by the cfural *rch j pps-, 
 teriorly, by th^ crista of thjepubis ; on the oijteT 
 side by the psoas and iliacus muscles, covered 
 by the iliac aponeOrosiB, ?nd, at the inner, by 
 Gimbernat's ligament. This orifice is covered 
 by the peritoneum, and, according to M.Cloquet, 
 is closed by a more or less resisting septum, 
 which he has named Septum crurale,' crural 
 »eptt(m. In its course, the crural canal has its 
 anterior pai'ies.formed by the superficial expan- 
 sion of thg fascia lata : the posterior by the pec- 
 tineus, pdvpred by the deep-seated expansion of 
 the fascia; and more externally by the psoas 
 and iliacus muscles, covered by an expansion of 
 the faseia iliaca. Its inferior orifice is formed 
 
 by the fo^anjen of the fascia lata, which gives 
 passage to the vena saphsen^. Itis at the uppy 
 orifice of this ca^al, that Femoral Or, Crural 
 Hernial, thg, ffernie itiguinale of Chaussi,*!;, 
 occurs ; iwhiqh would be more common, wMe it 
 not for the fibrous cellular septum.there situate. 
 
 Ci-uRAi, NERyE proceeds frran the lun;b8r 
 piexus,.and is situate *t ,the outer side of the 
 pso.as muscle and. crural artery, i After it has 
 passed under the crural atch, it divides jntg 
 cmtaneous and muscular branches. One of tie 
 branches, which is largej than):he rept, is called 
 the Saphcc'n,a nerve, it gives off ^amejits to 
 -the, integuments of the knee, tp the inner part 
 of the leg, and to the dorsal surfacebf the foot. 
 The remainder of the branches of the ,«»-«):«/ aw 
 distributed to the anterior and inner part of the 
 thigh. ' The Ao''^is'>ry of the Crural Nerve is 
 a term giveii to the Jth and 5th pairs of luinbar 
 nerves. 
 
 Crural Plexus of Chaussier is the uniooaf 
 the anterior -branches qf the last four pairs of 
 lumbar nerve? , and the first faui: sacral; (ormlog 
 the lumbar ancl aaprfll plexHse$ of mogt anato- 
 mists, . , " ' - J 
 
 CEuifiAi, RiHG, Crura,! canal — c. Septum, s«e 
 Crural canal. , 
 
 PrhrXl .Veiw, Fem'oral Vein, has the sanje 
 arrangement as (he artery. It receives only 
 one gre^t branch, the sapbsena. 
 
 CRURAL, Triceps cruris, 
 
 CRURATjIS, Crurqfuf. A pai^t «f the Tri- 
 ceps crfirfil of tjie French, Of pf the Trifim^r^' 
 rotM/ie?i of Chaussier. The cru;ralis is situate, 
 at the anterior^ outer, and inner part lofthe 
 tbigh. ' It arises, fleshy, from between the two 
 ,t];ochariters, adheres firmly to most of the fore 
 part of the OS fenjoris, and is inserted, tendi-j 
 nous, into the upper part of the patella, behind 
 the rectus. Its use is to assist the vastiand 
 rectus in the extension of the leg. . Under Mus-^ 
 elf) ffj,ceps Crural, the ^French describe^ the 
 cruralis and the two vafti, Sonie small mus- 
 cular slips, sometijiies found under the crur^Bus 
 muscle, and inserted into the ^psular ligament 
 of the knee-joint, Jiavje beep called ,Sf«f-(!iiiw!«'», 
 
 CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula. ' 
 
 CRUS, Leg, Thigh. 
 
 CRUST, Eschar. 
 
 CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) (Jroto., 
 An assemblage of spaall flakes, fortned by the 
 drying up of a fluid secreted by jthe skin. 
 
 The lining membrane of the stomach and in- 
 testines has been called Qjrusta 'qillg'^a. 
 
 Crust A Adamantina Dbntium, Enaniel of 
 the teeth. 
 
 Crusta Genu Equi'NS, Hippogonyotiin^, 
 Sweat ox Knee Scab, Mock or Bnoirde^ Hapf 
 Knees, Hangers, Dew Qlams, '■Night Eyes, 
 Horse Crtist. This morbid secretion from the 
 horse has been advised in cases of epilepsy. It 
 is used in the forn) pjf powdei, (gr.ij tp gr. 
 XX ;) and of tincture. ■ 
 
 CausTA Inflammatoeia, Corium phlogisti- 
 cum — c. Lactea, Porrigp larvalis, P. lupinosa— 
 c. Membi^naoea, ,Peristfeln,a— c. Petrpsa, see, 
 Tpoth — c. Phlogistica, Corium phlpgisticum^ 
 c. Pleuretica, Cprium phlpgisticura — o. PrUrifei- 
 nosa, Gutta rosea — c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea 
 — c. Vernnieularis, Peristroma — c. Vi'llosa lip- 
 gusB, see Tongue — c. Villosa veniricu'ij see 
 Stoinach. ' ■ 
 
 CRXISTAC&, (F.), Alibert has substituted. 
 
CRUSTtXLA 
 
 239 
 
 CUBITAL 
 
 this wdrd, in his Nosology, for cw^itejte, 
 'crusty.' Having prusts or scabs; as Jiaxtre 
 crustacRe, 
 
 CRUS'TULiV. A sniall shell or scab. An 
 ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. 
 
 ..CRUSTUMINA'TtHM. A rob, prepired 
 ftom^he Fyra Crustumi'na or Crustumeri'na, 
 (so called from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, 
 where they grew,) boiled With honey or in 
 rain-water. — Afetius. • 
 
 GRUX CERVI. An ancient appellation for 
 the bone in the heart of the stag. It was dtice 
 considered useful in diseases of the heart. 
 
 CRY, Clamor, Bne, (F.) Cri, The Sound of 
 the unaiticulated voice. The native voice, 
 which the idiot and deaf possess equally with 
 the nnan of genius and hearing. Thecry of the, 
 new-born child has been called Vagi'tug, (F.) 
 Vagissement, We say, "A cry- of jny', of plea- 
 sure, of pain," &c., according to the expression 
 which it may convey to the hearer. 
 
 CRYMG'DES, from nfv^os, 'cold.' A con- 
 tinued, fever, Febris 'crymo'des, in. wMch the 
 internal parts feel hot, and the external cold j 
 and which was attributed to an erysipelatous 
 inflammation of the lungs.— Aetius, Gorraeus 
 
 CRYMpDYN'IA, from xgu^oc, 'cold,' and 
 e*«vi/, ' pain.' Chronic rheumatism, and all its 
 modifications'. — Baum^s. 
 
 CRYMO'SIS, from x^u/nof, 'cold.' Diseases 
 caused by the action of iold.-7-Baumes. 
 
 CRYPSOR'CHIS, from »^*t^,'\ conceal,' 
 and of/ig, ' a testicle.' Cryptor'eh/is, Testieoii'- 
 dtfs. One in whom the testes have not de- 
 scended into the scrotum. The state is called. 
 ■Cryptorehidi^'mw's, Parorekid'i-ii'm. 
 
 CRYPTA, from xgi/irroc, 'concealed.' Fol- 
 tie'ulase gland, Jjoeu'na^ FolUo'^ws., (F.) 
 Crypte, Woliimih. A crypt or follicle is , a 
 small, ronhdish, hollow body, situate in the 
 Substance of the skih'br miicous membranes^ 
 and constantly pouring the fluid which it se- 
 cretes on their surfaces. 
 
 The use of tjie cryptal or foUiciilar secretion, 
 is to keep the parts, on which it, is pofured; sup- 
 ple and moist, and to preserve l^em from the 
 aictlon of irritating bodies, with which they 
 have to come in contact. 
 
 The little rounded appearances at the ends 
 of the small arteries, in the cortical substance 
 of the kidney, are also called Gryptee. , 
 ' CRYPT jE SEBACE./E, Sebaceous ghnds. 
 
 CIItPtE, Crypta. 
 
 CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS, from KguTTos, 'con- 
 cealed,' and neqioJi), ^head..' A monster whose 
 head fs excessively small, and does not appeat 
 externally. — G. St. llilaire. 
 
 CRYPTOCOCCITS, Fernrentum, Torula ce- 
 revisiae. < ■ ' ■ • 
 
 CRYPTODIDYMUS, PffliM* m /<E«w. A 
 monstrosity, in which one foetus is found con- 
 tained in another. 
 - CRYPTOG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, C'ry^to- 
 gam'ieua ; from xju^to;, ' concealed,' and yauos, 
 ' marriage.' An epithet applied by "botanists to 
 plants whose organs of fructification are con- 
 cealed or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are 
 those whose sexual organs are unknown. 
 
 CRYPTOPY'IC, Cryptopy'ic-iis,' from xgwrt- 
 To), 'I conceal,' and nvov, 'pOs.' A state of 
 disease, kept up by an occult abscess. 
 
 CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyic. ' ■-. 
 
 CRYPTORCHIDISMUS, see Crypsorchjs. 
 
 CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis. 
 
 CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see Intestine 
 — c. Synovial, Bursue macosse. 
 
 CRYSTAL, MINERAL, PotaSS» nitras'fijsus 
 sulphatis paucillo mixtus. : 
 
 CRYSTAL'Ll. TesiclesjfiUedwithawateiy 
 fluid. They are also called, (!ry.5«a/'/i»eB. Pro- 
 bably the pemphigus of modern writers. 
 
 Crystalli Ltinje, Argenti nifras. 
 
 Ci?rsr,4£L/i\r, Crystalline. • 
 • CRYSTAL'LINA,fro«i«eurtT«Jios, 'crystal.' 
 A vesicle or phlyctsena, filled with serum, and 
 appearingon.the prepuce or in the vicipity of the 
 anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure- 
 ola. It niay be syphilitic or' not., See Crys- 
 talli. . ■, / 
 
 .CaysTALLiNA TuNi6A,-Arachnoid ine^braile. 
 
 CRYS'TALLINE, Crystal'liaus.. Having 
 the apppaiance of crystal,. 
 
 CEYs'TALLTiiB, Crys'talUne htmuyiir, C. Lens, 
 ^Crys'talline body. Cry stdl'li-nus-, Lens crystal'- 
 Una, Lens crystalloVdes vel Corpus Crystal'- 
 liiium, C-Viseoi'des, C. CrystalloVdes, C. Pha- 
 coides,ffumor€rystal'liivU'S,M'.gla€ia/lis,PhacS, 
 Phaeea, Phac)is-, Gei^mia O'euli,' {'F ,) CristalUn 
 ou Crystallin, Hmrteur erystalUne, Oorps^rys- 
 tallia, Lentille erystaUine.- A lenticular, trans- 
 parent body J, situate between the vitreous and 
 aqueous humours of the eye, at the union of the 
 anterior third with the two posterior thirds of 
 the organ. It is composed of a soft, exterior 
 substance ; arid an interior, forrning a solid nu- 
 cleus, in which a number of elliptical layers are 
 perceptible. It is contained in aciopsule, called 
 Tn-'jiica ara'nea vel crystal'lina. Cap' siun Len- 
 tiS;f and receives', at its posterior surface, a small 
 branch of the central artery of the retina, vvhich 
 is alWayg readily distinguishable in the fcetus, 
 prior to the 7th month pf utero-gestation. 
 
 The use of the crystalline is to refract the 
 r^ys of light, and to serve as an' achromatic 
 glass ! for which its laminae or.Iayers, composed 
 of substances of difl'erent refractive powers, 
 admirably adapt it. 
 
 CRYS'TALLINO -CAPSULITIS, see Pha- 
 citis. .. ' 
 
 CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis,. 
 , CRYSTALLOID, Cry stalhVdes-, from tiQVtr. 
 TuUot, 'crystal,' and siSog, 'form,' 'resem- 
 blance.' Resembling crystal or the crystalline. 
 The capsule or ^imbrane of, the crystalline. 
 Also, ,the crystalline itself. ' 
 
 CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassae ni- 
 tras fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtusi 
 
 CRYTHE, Hordeolums 
 
 CTEDON, Fibre. ' 
 
 CTEIS, PubeS. 
 
 CTESIPHON'TISMALACMA. A plaster, 
 employed and described by Celsus. 
 
 CUBA, see Havanna. 
 
 CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba, 
 
 C0BATIO, Decubitus. 
 
 CUBEBA, I*iper cu'beba. 
 
 CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid. 
 
 CUBIT, Ulna— c. Top" o'f the, Olecranon. 1 
 
 CU'BITAL^ Cubita'Us, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. 
 Connected with, or relating to the cubitus, or 
 to the inner and posterior part of the forearm. 
 
 CuBiTAi. Artery, Arte'ria eiibita'lis', A. ul- 
 na'ris, arises from the humeral ^ little below 
 the bend of the elbow; proceeds along the an- 
 terior and inner part of the forearm; passes 
 
CUBITALE (OS) 
 
 240 
 
 CUCURBITA 
 
 anterior to the ligamentum annulare of the car- 
 pus, jind goes to form, in the palnl of the hand, 
 the superficial palmar arch. Besides the nu- 
 merous muscular' branches, which it gives off 
 in its course, it sends posteriorly the common 
 trunk of the interosseous arteries, Eoidintetnally, 
 th&two cuhitalreeyirrents, anterior &ai\ posterior, 
 — articular branches, which anastomose on the 
 inside of the elbow with the divisions of the 
 humeral artery. 
 
 CuBiTAi. MuspLES are two in nimiber. 1 . 
 The CuHta'lis ante'rior, C. inter'nus. Flexor 
 carpi ulnaris, XJlna'ris inter'nus', Epitroehli- 
 cahito-icarpien, CuUto-carpien^^—{CTll.'), is a long 
 muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part of 
 the forearm. It arises from the inner eonayle 
 of the OS humeri, at the inner side of the olecra- 
 non, andf rom' the posterior edge of the ulfia, and 
 is inserted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. 
 Its lise is to bend the hand on the forearm,-by 
 directing it slightly inwards. 2,. The cuUta'lis 
 poste'riorse\yelctev'nus,Exten'sorCarpiitlna'ris, 
 Ulna'j-is exter'nus, Cubite'us exiernus, CuhitO' 
 sus-metacarpien — (Ch.'), is situate at the poste- 
 rior part pf the forearm. It arises from- the 
 external condyle of the os humeri,, and is in- 
 serted into the superior extremity of the fifth 
 hone of the metacarpus. Its Use is to extend 
 the hand, inclining it a little inwards. 
 
 Cubital Nerve, tflnar nerve, Ciihitordigiial 
 -.— (Ch.), is*furnished by the last two orxthree 
 nerves of the brachial plexus, and is distributed 
 to the inner and anterior side of 4he forearm ; 
 to the innSr part of the palm and of the back of 
 the hafid, and to the last twoor three 'fingers. 
 
 Cubital Veims, i>eep-seat,ed, and the recur- 
 rent cubital vems, 'accompany the correspond- 
 ing arteries. The superficial cubital veins be- 
 loiig to the basilic. Chanssier calls them ciita'- 
 iieous cubital. , ' ' ' 
 
 CUBITALE (OS) Cuneiforijn bone. 
 
 CUBIT ALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus. 
 
 CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital mus- 
 cles. ■,, ■ ^ ■ 
 
 CrjBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubifal muscles 
 —c. Cutane (nerf,) Cutaneous nerve — c. Pha- 
 langettien commtm, Flexor profundus perforans 
 — c. Radi-sus-meta'carpien du ponce. Abductor 
 longus poUicis — e. Radial.i.'PxonaXoT radii quad- 
 ratus. 
 
 CUBITO-SUPRA-PALMA'RIS. Belonging 
 to the cuhitus and to the supraypalmar or dorsal 
 surface of the hand. C^ussier gives this 
 name: 1. To a small artery, jvhich is given off 
 by the cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. 
 2. To a vein, which accompanies this artery. 
 
 CUSITO-SUS-Mi TA CARPIEN, see C u- 
 bital muscles^ — c ■ Sus-mitacarpien du pouce, 
 Abductorlongus poUicis — c. Sus-Phalangettien 
 de Vindex, Extensor proprius indicis— c. Suk- 
 phalangettien du pouce, E. longus, poUicis — c. 
 Sus-phaiangien du pouce^ E. pollicis brevis. 
 
 CU'BITUS, Kv^nov, Cy'Uton. The Elbow, 
 (q. V.) Also, one of the bones of the forearm. 
 See Ulna, and Forearm. 
 
 Cubitus, (F.) Cpudee, the ancient name pf a 
 measure 18 inches long. . ' ', 
 
 Cubitus SupiNuS,'8ee Decubitus. 
 
 CU'BOID, Cubo'i'des, Cubo'Udeus, Cubo'des, 
 Cubi/or'mis, CyboVdes^ Cyrtoi'des, Grandino'- 
 swm Os, Tes'sara, Tessera os, Os va'rium, from 
 xvfiof, ' a cube,' and ttSo:, ' form.' Having the 
 form of a cube. This name was given, by Galen, 
 
 to one of the bones of the tarsus, and is still re* 
 tainpd. It is situate at the anterior and outer 
 part of the tarsus; and is articulated, behind, 
 withthe^alcaneumj before, with the last two 
 metatarsal bones, and pnthin, with the third os 
 cuneiforme, and sometimes with thescaphoides. 
 Its inferior surface has an obliqu^ groove for 
 the tendon of the peroneus longus'* 
 
 CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 CUCKOWBREAB, Oxalis aeetoselte'. 
 
 CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum. 
 
 CUCU'BALUS BEHEN, BeA«« officiaa'rum. 
 This pl^t was pnce considered alexipharmic 
 and Cordial. It is the Spdtling Poppy, , 
 
 CUCULARIS,,T.rapezins. - 
 
 CyCULA'TUM MAJUS. A barbarous term, 
 used by Ruland for brandy and spirit of wine. 
 
 CUCULLATA, Sanicjula. , 
 
 CUCULLUS, Cfiuvre-ehef, Cucupha, Infun- 
 dibulum of the cochlea. ' / ' 
 
 CUCULUS, Coccyx. 
 
 CUCUMBER, Cocuiriis sativus — c. Indian, 
 Medeola Virginica-r-c. Squirting' or wild, Mo- 
 mordica elaterium — 'C. Tree, Magnolia acumi- 
 nata. 
 
 CUCUMER, Cucimiis sativus. 
 
 CUCUMIS, Penis — c. Agrestis, Momordica 
 elaterium. - 
 
 Cu'cuMis Colocyn'this. The officinal name 
 .o{ iite Coloeynth or Bitter Apple, Colpcyn'tkis, 
 Cdloquintidcf, Alhan'dal (Arab.) Bitter- Gtmrd^ 
 Bitter Cucumber, (F.) 'Cologuinte,, Family, 
 Cudurbitaceffl. Sex'. Sifsf. Moncecia Mpna- 
 delphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good Hope 
 plant. The spongy par't or medulla of the fruit, 
 Colotyn'thidis Pulpt^^ Cttrtefme^is^Colecyn'fhi- 
 dis Pulpa, has a bitter, nauseous,' and acrimo- 
 nious taste, and is a strong- cathartic, acting 
 e'hiefly on the upper part of the intestines. It ■ 
 is scarcely ever used, eicept in combination.' 
 
 CucuMis Melo. The systematic name of 
 the Melon Plant, Melo, Oan^gn Melon, (J.) 
 Melon. The fruit is an agreeable, article of 
 diet, but not very digestible, unless when lipe. 
 The seeds possess mucilaginous properties. 
 
 CucuMis Sati'vus. The systematic name of 
 the Cu'cumber. plant, Cu&umis; Angmi'rion, 
 Citre'yolus, Cu'cnmer or Cur'viiner, from its 
 curved shape. (F.) Concombre iiriHnaire.' The 
 cucumber is used, when young, as apicklfe; 
 when it is called a GherM'n, <F.) Cornichm. 
 It is not a fruit easy of digestjon. ,The seeds 
 are mucilaginous. 
 
 CucuMis Sylvesteis,- Momordica elaterium; 
 
 CU'CUPHA, Cu'mllus, Pi'leus, Sae'mhs 
 cephdVieus . A sort of coif or cap, with a dou- 
 ble bottom, between which is enclosed a mix- 
 ture of aromatic powders, having cotton for an 
 excipient. , It was formerly used as a powerful 
 cephalic . - 
 
 CUCUR'BITA,£i(^r«ziffl«e,owing to its shape. 
 
 A goiird. _ See Cupping-glass. - , 
 
 Cucue'bita Citbul'lus. The' aysteipatic 
 name of the Waterrmelon plant.. Citnd'l'Ui, 
 Angu'rid, Tetrangu'ria, Sicilian Citrulj Water- 
 melon. ■'Family, CxxcmihiXaceai; Sex, Syst. Mo- 
 noecia Monadelphia. (F.)-Melon d'eali, P"'' 
 tegtie. ■ The juice of the fruit is very abundant, 
 whence its name. The Water Melon is ex- 
 tremely relr.eshing and agreeable, when made 
 cool, and is eaten like the common melon. It 
 is very much used in the United States. • 
 .Cucur'eita Pefo, Pe^o. The systematic 
 
CVCURBITAIN 
 
 241 
 
 CUNEIFORM 
 
 name of the Common Pompion, Cueur'hita. 
 The seeds of this plant, as well as those of 
 Cucitr'bitu lagetia'rit^, Bottle-gourd, contain a 
 large proportion of oil, capable of forming emul- 
 sions ; but they are nOt used. 
 
 Both the fruit o^ Cucur'bita Lagena'kia, 
 (F.) Calehasses, and .that of Cucub'bita 
 PlEPO, (F.) Potirnn Courge, are eaten. 
 
 CUCURBITAIN, Cucurbitinus. 
 
 CUCURBITATIQ, Cupping. 
 
 eUCURBlTI'NUSj'CF.) Cucuriitain. TJiis 
 name was formerly given to the Ttenid solium, 
 because composed of rings which resemble the 
 seeds of the gourd, — cucurUta. The ancients 
 believed, that the. rings, Vhich are sometimes 
 discharged, were so many separate worms. — 
 Sgb 7sBiii&. ■ - . ^ ' 
 
 CUCIJRBITULA, Cupping-glass. 
 
 CuoDRBiTULa: CiLVENTM, Cuppiug With the 
 scarificator^ — c> cum Ferro, Cupping With the 
 scarificator — c. Siccae, Cupping, dry. 
 
 CUDWEED, Gnaphalium mairgaritac^um. 
 
 cmLLER£E, Cochleare. 
 
 CUlA, Goiinm. 
 
 cms S ART. A wooden leg. See Cornu 
 ammonis. . ' 
 
 CUISSE, Thigh, Crus— c. Poaterieure du 
 fcrue/et. Corpus restiforme. 
 
 CVISSON,(F.) A smarting, burning pain. 
 
 CTXIVREjCu^raait — c. Ammhniaeal, Cuprum 
 ammoniatum — c et - Awmiov/iaque sulfate de, 
 Giiptum ammoniatum — c. Limailles de, see 
 Cuprum — c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subacetas 
 — c. Sulfate de, Gupri sulphas. 
 
 CUIVREUX, (F.) Copper-coloured, (F.) 
 Teint ciiihreux; a copper-coloured complexion, 
 such as is obsen^ed in cancerous affections. Sy- 
 philitic iilcers of the throat^ &c., are often cop- 
 per-coloured. ■ ■ 
 
 CUJETE, Crescentia cujete. 
 
 CULBIC'IO. A Latin word, employed by 
 old writers as synonymous with al^dor urinse 
 and gonorrhoja. 
 
 CULBUTE, (F.) ' a tumble head-over-heels.' 
 A movement which the fcetus has been supposed 
 to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero- 
 gestation; and by" means of which, it was pre- 
 sumed, the head presented towards the orifice 
 of the uterus; a change of situation, which is 
 impracticable in ordinary circumstances. 
 
 CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle. ' 
 
 CU'LEUS^ a measure containing 90 barrels, 
 or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons .--Pliny, Gor- 
 raeus. ' . ' ,• _ 
 
 CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, 
 unhappily too well knojvn in almost every part 
 of the world, on account of their bites, which 
 give rise to painful, local inflammation. The 
 gnats and musquitoes belong to this genus. 
 
 CULI FLOS, Cardamine pratensis. ' 
 
 CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.;, 
 
 CU'LINARY ART.from mhna, 'akitchen.' 
 Cookery, Res culina'ria. Res coqua'ria, Ars cu- 
 lina'iia, A. toqnina! ria^ Magei'ricS. The art 
 of preparing meats for, the table. In judging 
 ci the dietetic properties of various kindsof ali- 
 ment, the culinaryprocess to which they have 
 been subjected will always have to be consi- 
 dered. Many of the writers on the culinary art 
 have been physicians^ 
 
 CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
 
 CULMINATION Acme. 
 
 CULTELLAIRE, (F.) from Cultellus, a 
 
 little knife.' Le eanth-e cultellaire, known also 
 under the name Couteau de feu. Fire-knife, is 
 used for what the French term the Cautire 
 transcurrente.XSee Cauterization.) It is shaped, 
 like a small hatchet. 
 
 CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife— c. Anceps, 
 Knife, double-edged — c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet. 
 
 CULTER, CulteVlus, from eolo,culium, ' I 
 cultivate.' A caitlter, a knife, scalpel, ma- 
 cka'r_a, mackce'rion, ^machtB'ris. Also, the 
 third lobe of fh'e liver, so called, from "some 
 fancied resemblance. — Theophilus Protospata- 
 rius. 
 
 CuLTEB CuBvus, Knife,, crooked — c, Falca- 
 tus,"Knife, crooked — c. t'enticularis,' Knife, 
 lenticular — c. Rectus, Knife, amputation — c. 
 Tonsorius, Razor. , i < 
 
 CULTRIV'OROUS,CK/m«'or««,fromm<fteri 
 ' a knife,' and liorare, ' to devour.' Individuals, 
 who have seemed to swallow, knives with im- 
 punity, have been so called; — Knife-eaters> 
 
 CULUS, Anus. 
 
 CULVERT ROOT, Lteptandria purpurea. 
 
 CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba. 
 
 CUMIN, Cuminiim cyminum — c. desPris, 
 Carum. 
 
 CUMI'NUM CYMI'NUM. The systematic 
 name of the Cummin plaint, Cumi'num, Car- 
 naha/dium. Family, Umbelliferae. Sea;. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digyhia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aigre. 
 The seeds of cummin, which is a native of 
 Egypt, have a warm, bitterish, disagreeable 
 taste. Water extracts their odou'r, and spirit 
 takes up both odour and taster They are nbt 
 used, except in a plaster, which bears their 
 naine. When drunk iii wine, the ailcients be- 
 lieved they produced paleness ; hence, Horace 
 called cummin exsan'gui;- and Juvenal, pattens. 
 — Dioscorides, Pliny. ' ' . 
 
 CtiMiNUM NisRUM, Nigella — c. )Pratense, 
 Carum. 
 
 CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum. 
 
 CU'MULUS, ' a heap or pile.' A rounded 
 prominence, in the, centre of the proligerous 
 disk, in which there is a small opake cavity 
 that contains the ovum. 
 
 CUNEA'LIg SUTU'RA. the .sutuw form- 
 ed between the great and little al^ oflhe sphe- 
 noid bone and the os frontis.-'— Blasius. 
 
 CXTN^EK (F.) Cunea'nUs. Relating to the 
 cuneiform bones. 
 
 , Articulations Citneennes ; — the joints be- 
 .tweett the cuneiform bones, as well as. between 
 them ani other parts. 
 
 ligaments Cuneennes ; the ligaments which 
 hold the cuneiform bones together. 
 
 CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis, SphenoUes, 
 from' cuneus, 'a wedge,' and forma, 'shape.' 
 Wedge-shaped. This name has beeln given to 
 several bones. 1. To the sphenoid- ?• To a 
 bone of the carpus, situate between the os lu- 
 nare and os prbiculare. It is, also, called Os 
 Pyramida'lij Os Trig'uetrum,and Os Cubita'lS. 
 .3. To the basilary pr<icess of^the occipital bone : 
 and 4. To three of the bones of. the tarsus, 
 which are distinguished, according to situation, 
 reckoning from within , outwards, into first, 
 second, and third, — or internal, middle, and ex- 
 ternal : and according to si:se, reckoning' in the 
 same order, into great, sTfiall, and middle-sized. 
 The posterior" surface of these bones is united 
 to the anterior face of the scaphoides ; the ante- 
 rior surface with the corresponding metatarsal 
 
CUNEO-CUBOID 
 
 343 
 
 CUPRtRM 
 
 bdaes; ajid, in addition, the external surface 
 of -the third is articulated, hehind, with- the 
 cuboides. They are also called Chalcoide'a or 
 Valcoldea ossic'ula. . ^ 
 
 CU'NEO-CU'BOID, Cunda-euloUens. Be- 
 longing to the cuneiform ibones and cuboides. 
 I CuNEO-CuBbiD AnTionLA'TioN is .formed 
 by the third cuneiform bone and cuboides. 
 ■It is furnished with a, synovial capsule, and 
 two cuneo-cuhoid ligaments : — a dorsal and a 
 plamiar'. 
 
 CUOSfEO-SCA'PHOID, CuvM-soaphoUeua. 
 Belonging to the cuneifprm bones and sca- 
 phpid. 
 
 CuNEO- Scaphoid Aktictila'tion is iForrt\ed 
 by the posterior surfaces of the thr-ee ossa cu- 
 neiformiai and the anterior, surface of the sca- 
 phoid. It is furnished with a sypovial capsule 
 and ligaments, some of which are dorsal, others 
 plamtar. -' I ' 
 
 GUNILAj Sa:tureia capitata-^c. Bubula, Ori- 
 ganum. 
 
 Cuni'la Maria'na, Satiirei'aorgano'ides, Ca- 
 lamin'tka erec'ta Virginia'ntif Ditt'any, Afneri- 
 can Dit^tany, Mo^mtain Dittany, Mint-leaijed 
 Ciinila, IWaryland ^ Cunila, Stone mint, Wild 
 Basil, &iveet Sorsemint, (F.) * Cunile.' d'Atne- 
 rique.- A small indigenous herb, growing on 
 dry shady hQls, from New England to Georgia, 
 and flowering in June and July. Its medical 
 J>roperties are dependent upon essential oil, 
 like the mints. 
 
 Cunila, Maryi^and, COnila mariana^c. 
 Mint-leaved, C. IVtariana — c. Muscula, Inulaj 
 dysenterica — c. Pulegioides, Hedeoma pulegio- 
 ides^-c. Sativa, .Satureia hortensis. , 
 
 CtTNILAGQ, Inula dysenterica. 
 
 CUNILE D'AMiRIQUE; Caaila mai'iana. 
 
 CUNNUS, Vulva. ' : ■: ' 
 
 CUP, Scutel'la, Catil'lus, P.a^&Vla, Excip'^ 
 Wa,(F.) Palette,.P'oSlette, PoVette, Vase d saig- 
 ner. A small vessel of a determinate size, for 
 receiving the blood during venesection. It 
 generally contains about four ounces. A bleed- 
 ing of two cups is, consequently, one of eight 
 ounces. ' 
 
 CUPIDITAS, Voluntas ^c. Besedendi, Vo- 
 luntas desedendii , — 
 
 CUPIDO, Appetite. i 
 
 CUPOLA, see Infuhdibulum of the cochlea. 
 
 CUPPING, Catacasm'us,- (Tom (F.) covper, 
 •to cut;'' or tp draw blood in vessels resembling 
 Clips; Applica'tio cucurbita'rwm seu cuci/.rbitti- 
 la'ruvi, Cucurbita'tio. A ■ species* of blood- 
 letting, performed by a scarificator, and glass 
 called a cupping-glass ; Cucurbit'ula, Cucurb'- 
 Ua, Sicua, (P.) Ventonse. THe lancets are 
 placed in such .a manner in the scarificator, 
 that, when it is applied upon the effected part, 
 the whole are, by means of a spring, push- 
 ed suddenly into iti After scarification^ the' 
 cupping-glass, which has been previously ex^ 
 hausted by heat, or by an exhausting syringe, 
 is applied. The pressure of the air within the 
 glass being thus diminished, the necessary 
 quantity of blood may be draTwn. See Bdello- 
 meter. Dry cupping, Cucurbit'ulaB' sicca, is 
 the application of: the glasses, without pre- 
 vious scarification. (¥ .)Yentouses s'pches . It is 
 used to prevent the activity of absorption ftom 
 any woUnded part j occasionally, to excite sup- 
 puration in indolent abscesses ; and to remove 
 the pus when an abscess is opened. Cupping, 
 
 taken without any epithet, .means flie abstrac- 
 tion of blood by means of the scarificatbr and 
 cups; — (^.).Ventouses scarifiees, (L.) Cucurbi- 
 tula cruenta, C. cum Ferro. The verb <to 
 cup,' signifies to draw blood by cupping. 
 
 CUPRESS'US SEMPERVi'RENs: Thesye- 
 tematic name of the Ci.i.preslsjts,Cypairis'siia, 
 Cypress, (F.) Cypris. Tl^e berries, leaves, and 
 wopd, have been considered astringent and 
 useful in interrttittentsi The whole plant 
 abounds with a bitter, aromatid, and terebin- 
 thinate fluid.' • ,. ' ' 
 
 CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Guprnm 
 ammoniatum — c. Et AmmoniEe, sulphas,, Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum — c. Diax:etas, V. subacetas, 
 
 CuPRl LiHatu'ba," Pilings ^6f Copper, (F.) 
 I/imailles fl'e Cuivi-e, have been used in hydro-, 
 phobiar It has he^o remarked under GupnM, 
 that they are ijrert. ■• . 
 
 CupEi Rdbigo, Cupti suba:cetaB, 
 
 CuPRi Stjbace'tas, ■ C Diacetas, ^ru'ge, 
 Yer'digria-, Hispmi-'icum ^dr'vdt, Prasi'nwfi-vi- 
 ridl, Cupri Ruti'go,'CrystalS of Venus, Vir'idt 
 ^'ris,^ru 'ca, Cid'cithos,Subai'ietate ofCbppw, 
 (E.) Sons-aciiate de Cuivre, Vert-de^-gv^'e, Gri/s- 
 taux de Venus, fVerdet. Impur^ Subacetate of 
 copper. This,as usually met with, is in masses, 
 difficult to bre&k; not deliquescent ; foliaceoas i 
 of a fine bluish-green colour," and salt ^taste. It 
 is tonic,' emetii, escharotic, and detergent ; tut 
 scarcely ever ehiployed internally. Chiefly 
 used in detergent ointments. Dose,' as a tonic, 
 under ^ gr.: emetic, from gr. j. to gr. ij. Pow- 
 dered. verdigris appears to be the active ingre- 
 dient in Sm^llome's Eye-Salvef'Which maybe 
 imitated by rubbing half a drachm of finely 
 powdered verdigris with a little oil, and then 
 mixing it with an ounce of yellow basilicon. 
 
 An ointment corajjosed of one drachirt of 
 finely powdered v'erdigris, vvith an ounce of 
 lard or spermaceti ointnient, is used in psoria- 
 sis, tetter, &c. 
 
 CuPRi Sulphas, Vitriolum Ctipri, Vitrioltm 
 Ven'eris, V. Qyp'rizim, V. Cyp' rinum, V. Card- 
 leum, V. Roma'niiTHi, Cuprum VitHola'tiim,Jja- 
 pis Cceru'leus, Stilphate of Copper, BlneSttftit^ 
 Blue Vitriol ^R-oman Vitriol, Moriooth, (F.) Sul- 
 fate de Cuivre, is in i;homboidal, richj blue, 
 semi-transparent, efflorescing crystals. The 
 taste, is harsh, styptic, -and corrpsive.' It is 
 soluble in four parts of water at B0°', anc( is 
 tonic, emetic, astringent,' and escharotic. Asa 
 Ionic, it has been used in epilepsy, iptermit- 
 tents, &c. Dose as a tonic, gr. } to gf. ij- in 
 pill j as an emetic, gr. ij to x in Water. A very 
 weak solutionis sortietimes used in ophthalmia 
 and in gleet ; and it forms the basis of B'AtEs's 
 Aqua cdmphora'ta,^vlhic\lh3s been recommend- 
 ed in the purulent ophthalmia of children, di- 
 luted with sixteen parts of water. 
 
 Cupri Sulphas" AmmoniAcalis, Cuprum am- 
 moniatuM — c. Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas, 
 
 CUPRUM, Chahos, JS^; Venus 'of the Al- 
 cliymists : Copper, (^yp'riufnl Vir'ide monta'- 
 nuni, (F.)' Ouivre. -Its odour is peculiar and 
 sensible when rubbed ; taste disagreeable and 
 metallic; cojour red-yellow.' S. G. 7.87 i duc- 
 tile : very malleable : less hard than iron : 
 easily oxidized. In its metallic state, it exerts 
 no action on the system. When swallowed, it 
 undergoes no deleterious change. Copper can- 
 not be dissolved whilst tin is in the mixture, 
 and hence the utility of tinning copper vessels. 
 
eUPULAE 
 
 Sti 
 
 CraVATXTRE 
 
 Copper ojilinary vessels .ure 'harmless iaider 
 ordinary cleanliness, provided the suhstances 
 be not suffered to remain in them till cold. 
 Tie ^allf of copper are very deleterious. 
 
 Cvvv-vu Ammom4'tum, C. Ammo'SiiacalBi C. 
 Ammoni'amtm, C. AA.mmoni'aco ■ eulphn'riaumj 
 ^mmonia'te^ Copper, Avtfj^noni'acal B?t'/j^cUe of 
 Copper, Ammoniure'tiim. Ctipri, Soii- antirepi- 
 lep'tieus of Weissman, Sulfas Cmpri amvmama- 
 odlis, (S. ammoni'aea dftprit'lakS, Sub-stdfas 
 Ammo' nio-cai' prions., Stdfaa Cfpri t\t Am^nto'- 
 nise, DeMto-Sulfas Ci^pri et Aimuo'niss, Gnpri 
 Ammo'niorsulphasp Arwma'Mi<B Cupr(\'Svlphizs, 
 Ammm'nia-sulphate of Copper, (F.) Svlfate de 
 cuivre et d'/vit^moniaqite, Cuivre armmmiacal. 
 {Cwpri. Sidph. ,^S8; Ammon. Cdiiri. gvj. Rub 
 in a glass mprtar till effervescence .ceases. 
 Wrap the ammoniated cppper in bibulous pa- 
 per,, and <Jry with a gentle heat. Keep in a 
 well-stoppied glass bottle. — Ph. IT, S.) A 
 crystalline powder pf a rich violet colour, and 
 hot, styptic taste. By gxposure to air,, it be- 
 comes partly coiiver,ted into carbonate of cop- 
 per. It is tonic and astringent, and ha» been 
 cWefly employed in epilepsy, Suid other ohstl- 
 nate spasmodic disease;. Dose, gr. i gradually 
 increased to gr. iv., in pill. ' 
 
 ChpH/UM Viteiolatum, C«pri sul{)has. 
 , CU'PULAR, Cuptda'ris, (F.) Ciipulctire; 
 from ctupula, * a small cup.' Of or belonging 
 to a cupula. -" 
 
 CuptiLAB Cau'tert, Cauiire.ctipulai^e, js an 
 iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to' 
 cauterize |he skin of- the cranium iii certain 
 diseases, as epilepsy, chronic headache, &c. 
 
 CURA, Cura'ti), Mervm'na, Merim'ne. At- 
 tentibn to, or treatment or cure of, a disease. 
 R. Keuchen defines Cwra, 'medicini,' and Cu- 
 rator, 'the physician.' Curatio, also, some- 
 times means purification; es, Adepa suitla eu- 
 rata. — Scriboniiis Largus. ' ^ ~- , ' 
 
 Cuba Avena'cea. A decpction of oats and 
 succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar 
 are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant. 
 
 Cuba Debvativa, Derivation — c. Fumiga- 
 toria, Thymiatechny-:— c. Medeana, Transfu- 
 sion — c. Palllativa, see Palliative — c. Radica- 
 lis, see Palliative — c. Revulsoria, see Deriva- 
 tion. / 
 
 CIT'RABLE, Sanab'min, Aces'toii,^ces'miKs, 
 Taszinos, (F.) Gue'rissaile.' . That which i« 
 susceptibly of cure. An epithet applied to 
 both patients and diseases.' 
 
 CURAREi, ^v'Q^irali, Vy^^rf.raii Vrari. A 
 very energetic ve'getible poison, employed by 
 the South American Indians to .pqison their 
 arrows. It is said to be obtained frpm- the 
 bark of a species of convolvulus, called Vej'Uco 
 rle Mavacure, but is referred by Martins to 
 Btrychnos^Gui(imen'sisi^,xA by Dr; Schomburg 
 to S. toxica'na. 
 
 CITRA'TIO, :Mede'la, Sema'tio, Ac'esis, 
 Althex'is, A^l^^^^'^'i^t • Therapm'a, t'asis, Car-a- 
 tion,'&c. -The aggregate of mean; (emplbyed 
 for the cure of ajdisease. , See Therapeutics. 
 
 CuEATio, Cura, Cure. ' , 
 
 CdEATIO CoMTEABIOEtTM PEE CONffKAEIA, 
 
 Allopathy— c. Morbi per Inediam, Limothiera- 
 peia. 
 
 CU'RATIVE, San'ative, Healing, Aceso- 
 phorus, Acesino'sus. Relating to the cure of 
 a disease. Curative . Indications are those 
 
 which point out "the treatment to he employed. 
 Cmrative Treatment, that employed in the ture 
 of the disease, in opposition to preservative or 
 prophylttMic treatment. We say, also, Cura- 
 tive Proeiss, Curtetive Meajis, ,&c. 
 
 C,URATORINFIRMORUM,/«;Ej-»jier. - ■ 
 
 CXfR'CUMA JiONGA, Cr^r'eiima, Sorri, 
 ■Bor'riberri, Cobir'ri, (Hindusthan,) Crocus Hi'- 
 dicus, Terra MerHta,' Cannac^orus iradi'cS cro'- 
 ceo. .rFamiliy, Amomeae. Sex.'Syst, Monan- 
 dria Monogynia. May^'la, Kua Kaha, C-yir 
 pe'rus In'dieua, xvntifs Iv.dixt)t, of Dioscorides 
 (?) Piirmeric, (F.) Racitie de Safran, Safran 
 dis.Indes,&ouchet ^s Tades. Turmeric root 
 — the rhizoma of curcuma longa^ — is brought 
 from the East Indies ; but is possessed of very 
 little, if any, .medicinal'«fficacy. It is one of 
 the ingredients in the Curry Powder. 
 
 Curcuma ZEDOAEiAf eee Kwnpferia rotimda 
 — c. Zerumbet, see IJasmpferia rotufida. 
 
 CURD, ALUM, Coagulum alnmihosuua. 
 
 CURDS, Curds of- Milh, (F.) Caillebotte, 
 LaitcailH\ The coagulated part of milk. 
 
 CURE; from cura, 'care.' Aces'ia, A'cesis^ 
 Aces^mus, Cttra'tio, C.felix, SaTia'tio, San'itas, 
 (F.) Guerison. A restoration to health; also, 
 a remedy. A restorative. 
 
 CURE-ALL, Geum 'Virginianum. 
 
 bUREDENT, Dentiscalpium. 
 
 CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure ." 
 
 CTJRE-l.AN(iVE,{y.-)Ungueescalpium. A 
 Tongue-scraper. An instrument pfiVdry, tor- 
 toise-shell, &c., shaped like a knife or rasp, for 
 removing the mucous coating whicih covers the 
 tongue after sleep, &e. 
 
 CXTRE-OREILLE, Ear-pick. . 
 
 CURETTE, Scoop. 
 
 CURMI, Courmi. 
 
 CURRANTj BLACK, Rihes nigrum— c. Red, 
 RibeS rubrum. . > 
 
 , CURRANTS, see Viti« Corinthiaca. 
 
 CURRY or CUERIE POWDER. A condi- 
 rrtent, formed of various spices ; and eaten with 
 rice, particularly in India. The following is 
 one of the forms of its preparation. Sem. co- ^ 
 riand. ^^xviii,^^. nigr. _^ij, cayen. '^], rod. cur- 
 cuvuBySem. cwmini, aa 3"j> sem. fanugr. Jjiv: 
 mix. ' - " 
 
 CURSUMA HiEMORRHOIDALIS ,HER- 
 BA, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 CURSUS, Running — c. Matricis, Leucor- 
 rhdsa— c. Menstruusjjfenses. 
 (CURVAMEN, Curvature. 
 'CURVATBUR'DU COCCYX, Curvator 
 Coccygis. 
 CtTRVATIQ, Campsis. 
 CURVA'TOR COGCY'GIS, (F.) Curvateur 
 du Coccyx. Sommering gives this name to a 
 small bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends 
 on the middle of the coccyx, uniting on each 
 side with the isehio-coccygei muscles. It is a 
 paftof those muscles. 
 
 CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men-i. 
 Pleimi'ra, Gnamp'sisj from citrvus, ' crooked.' 
 Cyrto'ma, (F.) Cdurbure. The condition of a 
 line or surface, which approximates more or 
 less t^ the form of an arc ; as the curvatures of 
 the spincj duodenum, stomach', &c. Accidental 
 curvatures of bones are the effect 6f rickets, or 
 ■Mollities ossium. The Greeks called the cur- 
 vature of the spine, 'u(?o?, axoXioci and Jopf»o?, 
 according as the deviations was backwards, late- 
 rally, or forwards. 
 
CURVE or CARUS 
 
 244 
 
 CUXTUBUTH 
 
 CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis. 
 
 CURVED hlN^Sji^.^QourbesIdgnes. Two 
 crooked lines or projections -on the posterior 
 surface of the occipital Ijone. They are distin- 
 guished into superior and inferior^ Some lipes 
 on (he OS innominatilm are also so called. 
 
 CURVIMER, Cucumis sativus. ' 
 
 CUSCO-CINCHONIA, Aricina. 
 
 CUSCU'TA EPITH'YMUM. , The syste- 
 matic name of the Dodder of Thyme; Epith'- 
 ymum Cuscu'ta. A parasitical plant, pos- 
 sessed of a strong, disagree'able stoiell, and a 
 pungent tastey very .(Jjirable in the mouth. It 
 ■was once used, as a cathartic in melancholia. 
 
 Cuscu'ta Eueppe'a was conceived to pos- 
 sess similar properties. 
 
 CUSPA'RIAFEBRIF'UGA,So^^ioKWsatri- 
 folia'ta,A.ngU3tu'i:ai GalifSb'afehrif-ugai Or- 
 der, Rutaceae. The South American tree^ which 
 furnishes the Cuspairia or Angustur'a, Bark, 
 (F.) Angusture vraie, Quinquina, fi/MX de 7ir- 
 ginie. According to Dr. Hancock, however, the 
 Angustura hark is derived from the Galipce'a 
 officinalis, Sex.Syst. DecandriaMojiogyni4,JVffit, 
 Ord. Diosmeae; and this view has been adopted 
 in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Its 
 odour is peculiarj taste intensely bitter, and 
 slightly aromatic ; pieces thin j externally, gray 
 and wrinkled; internally; yellowish-fawn; frac- 
 ture, short and resinous. It yields its virtues 
 to water and , proof spirit. It is tonic, stimulant, 
 and aromatic. Dose, gr; v. to xx or more, in 
 powder. 
 
 CUSPIS. A. spear. This name has been 
 given to the glans penis^Rolfink. It meant, 
 also, a kind of bandage. 
 
 CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen. 
 
 CUSTOS, Vulva. 
 
 CUT, from (V.) eouteau, ' a ■ kriife^' or from 
 West Gothic iota, 'to cut;' or from xontia, 'I 
 cut.' Cxsu'ra, Tom^i Incis'io, Vulniis simplex, 
 Tresis vulnus simplex, Copl, (F.) Coupure. A 
 common expression for the division or solution 
 of continuity made by a sharp instrument. 
 
 CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, 'skin,' and 
 ambulo, ,' I. walk.' Walking in the sMn. An 
 epithet given to certain parasitical animals, 
 which creep Under the skin ; such as the Gui- 
 nea-worm; and to certain pains felt betvireen 
 the skin and flesh, asit were.' 
 
 CUTANEAL, Cutaneous. 
 
 CDT^iV^O-SOiTKCJi/BB, Corrugator su- 
 percilii. 
 
 CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'neus, from 
 cutis, ' the skin.' Belonging to the skin. 
 
 Ctttaneous Diseases,^ Eruptions^ Epiphy'r 
 mata^axe the numerous affections of a morbid 
 character, to which the skin is liable, — Derma- 
 topatki^a. 
 
 Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption 
 are those which take place from the skin. 
 
 Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so 
 called, are two in nuinber, and belong to the 
 upper extremity^ They are givSii off from the 
 brachial plexus. The internai cutaneous, Cubito- 
 eutane, (Ch.',) descends along the inner part of 
 the arm, and divides above the elbow into two 
 branches; the outermost of which follows the 
 outer edge of the biceps, and spreads' over the 
 anterior and inner part of the forearm; and the 
 innermost accompanies the basilic vein, pass- 
 ing to the corresponding side of the hand and 
 little iinger. The external cutaneous. Radio- 
 
 eutane, (Ch..,) Mus'eulo-Cutaneus, Fer'forani 
 Casse'eii, passes, outwards, perforates the' co- 
 raco-brachialis; descends along the anterior 
 and outer part of the arm ; passes as fir as the 
 middle of the fold of the elbow, under the me- 
 dian cephalic ; and descends along the anterior 
 and outer edge, of the forearm. At some dis- 
 tance above the wrist, it divides into two 
 branches; an Dutef,yfhich. is distributed on tlie 
 back of the hand, the thumb sind index finger; 
 and aa inner, which descends on the muscles 
 of the thumb into the palra of the -hand, and 
 divides into fine filaments, which may be traced 
 to the fingers., 
 
 Nervus Cuta'neus Minor, of Wrisberg, also 
 takes its origin from the axillaTy plexus, but is 
 more particularly "connected with the ulnar 
 nerve. It soon separates frbpi the ulnar, run- 
 ning afterwards between it and the inner side of 
 the arm. A little Tielow the axilla it divides injo 
 twp branches, which are distributedtothearm. 
 Chaussier calls, the cephalic an(i hasUic'veins 
 tbe Radial and Cubital. Cutaneous. 
 CUTCH, Catefihu. ^ 
 CUTI, Catechu. 
 CUTICULA, Epidermis. 
 CUTIO, Oniscus. 
 
 CUTISj JPellii, Pella, Cp'rium,I>erma,I)eris, 
 Anthrd'pe,Anthrq'pen,Siin,(Y.yPeau. Adense, 
 resisting membrane, p£ a flexible and e]^ten- 
 sible nature, which forms the general envelope 
 of the bodyj and is continuous with the mu- 
 cous membranes, through the different natural 
 apertures. Jt is generally considered to be 
 fortned of three distinct layers — the epidermis, 
 rete or more properly corpus ^ueosmn, and 
 corium. Some anatomists, however, separate 
 it intp several others. Its outer surface is co- 
 vered by a. number of small eminences, called 
 papillae, which are generally regarded as emi- 
 nently nervous and -rascUlax. ' The skin is our 
 medium of' communication with external bo- 
 dies. It protects the subjacent parts; is the seat 
 of touch, and, thi-oUgh it, are exhaled the wa- 
 tery parts of the': blood, which are not needed 
 in the nutrition of the body. ..• The state of (he 
 skin, as regards heat and, dryness, affords us 
 usefijl information in our pathological investi- 
 gations. Its colour, too, requires attention :)the 
 paleness of disease is as characteristic as the 
 rosy complexion of health. The, colour of the 
 skin varies accoj-ding to the age, sex, &c. As 
 a general principle, it is finer in the female and 
 child than in the male and adult. In old age 
 it becomes light-coloured, thin, and dry. It 
 likewise varies according to the races, &Ci-> 
 
 Cutis Anserina; Horrida cutis— c. Carnosa, 
 Panuiculus carnosus^-C Extiraa, Epidermis— 
 c. LingusB, see TongUe — c. Suilla, Cousiau^ 
 c. Summa, Epidermis— c' Tensa-Chrohica, Id- 
 Suration of the cellular tissue^^. Ultima, Epi- 
 dermis. 
 
 CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 CUTTING ON THE- GRIPE,, see Litho- 
 tomy^ 
 GITTTLE FISH, Sepia. 
 CUTXUBUTH, Cuiubutk, Uueomo'ria, Ml- 
 lanchol'ia ifrrabund'a. The Arabian physiciaBi 
 have given this name to a species of melan- 
 choly, accompanied with so much agitation, 
 that the patients cannot remain tranquilfor the 
 I space of an hour. 
 
CUURDO CANELLA 
 
 245 
 
 CYMBALARIS 
 
 CUURI)0 CANELLA, Laurus cinnamo- 
 mum. ■ 
 CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy. 
 CYAN'OGEN, (F.) Cyaiioglne ; frOra'.tua.i'ct, 
 'blue/andyenoa, ' I generate.' So called from 
 its being- an ingredient in Prussian blue.^ It 
 forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids ; 
 with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 GYANOP'ATHY, CyanopMhi a, Gyano'ais, 
 C, , cardi'aoa, Cy^ndderlmia, ,AdUvtro-en.rdifi, 
 (Fibrry) H^mato-cyanofaisi Kyano'sis, Morbus 
 cMu'leus, Carulo'sis neanato'rum, from kuoi os, 
 'blue,' and Tiwaos, 'affection.'' (F.) Cyanose, 
 Maladie blene, IctlH bleu, .- A ,disease, in which 
 the whole of the Surface o/ the body is coloured 
 blufe. \t Sa, qiten symptomatic, arid commonly 
 depends on a direct communication between 
 tl)e cavities pf the .right and left side of the 
 heart. Such communication does not, how- 
 ever, always occasion the blue disease f 'b\it it 
 is gene'rally thought that the disease never 
 eDCists without this state of parts ; or without 
 some obstacle to the .circulation in the right 
 side of the heart. The blueness does not seem 
 tOibe owing to the adnlixture of black and red 
 blood. A child affected with blueness is said 
 to be cyanoseSy (F.) Cyanose. 
 
 Cr^NOSEi Cyanosis. v 
 
 CYA'N0S£, see Cyanosis. 
 
 CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy — c. Pulmonalis, 
 Atelectasis palm'onum. 
 
 C Y A N tr R E T U M- FERRO-ZINCICUMi 
 ■ZJhci ferrq-hydrocyanas. ' 
 
 C YANUS, Centaurea, cyanus — c. jEgyptia- 
 Cua, Nymphaea nelnii(ibo. , 
 
 Cy'anbs SEa"ETUM, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet 
 des' X/toissons, Barbeau, Aubifoin, Casse-Lu- 
 itettes. The flowers of this European _^plant,. 
 when distilled with' water, have been used in 
 ttphlhalmia. , , 
 
 CYAR; xuapv ' The eye . of. a needle,' ' a 
 small hole.' The Meatus audito'rius inter 
 nus. See Auditory canal, (internal.) 
 
 CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of xua^oc, 'a 
 bowl.,' .The concave part of a sound, made 
 like a small spoon, as In the case of the ear- 
 pick. \ • 
 
 ' €Y'ATHUS,;«a bowj.' A measure, both of 
 the' liquid ' and dry kiild, equal to about an 
 ounce and a half, or to the 10th part of a pint 
 According , to Pliny and Galen, about 10 
 drachms. '■ - ' 
 
 Cyathus Ckeebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain. 
 
 CYBE, Head. 
 
 CYBITON, Cubitus. 
 - CYBOIDES, Cuboid. 
 
 CYCEON, from xvx""', 'I mix together.' 
 The ancient name of a me<^cine of the consis- 
 tence of a pap, composed of wine, water, ho- 
 ney, flour, barley meal, arid cheese. — Hippocr. 
 
 CfYC'LAMEN, EUROP^'UM, Artkani'ta, 
 A. eyc'lamen, ■ Cyelam'inus, Cyssdn'tKemon, 
 Cys8ophyl'lon\ Fanis porci'.nus, Cas'amumf 
 Cliyli'ni, ' sow-bread,' Fum. Primiilaceae. 
 Sex. Syst, Pentan(Iria Monogynia. (F.) Pain 
 du Fonrceau. The fresh root is said to be 
 acrid, bitter, drastic, and anthelmintic. Dose, 
 15J. For external use, see Arthanita. , - ' 
 
 CYCLE, C'yclus, from kukAoc , ' a circle.' A 
 period or revolution of a certain number of 
 years.-. The Methodists gave this name to an 
 aggregate of curative means, continued during 
 
 Nine was the usual 
 
 a certain number of days. 
 number. 1 
 
 OYCLISCUS, Cyclismus. 
 CYCLIS'MUS. A track, '^Trockis'cus, 
 The name, ias well as Cyclis'cus, was also 
 given to a circular kind of rasp. They have 
 the same etymon as cycle. 
 
 ,CY(;)LOCEPH'ALUS,from»ux^?c,'acircle,» 
 and ««*a>li), ' head.'- A monster whose eyes are 
 in contact, or united in one. 
 , CYCLOPHOR'IA, from xi/k\oc, ^a circle,' 
 and <pe5», 'I bear.' The circulation of the 
 blood or other fluids. ^ 
 
 CYCLO'PIA- Same etymon as Cyclops. 
 State of a monster that, has both eyes united 
 into one. , Ci^Ued also, Monopsf, a and Rhinen- 
 cephal'id.[ <, 
 
 CYCLOPS, n.MnJiu'ip, from nuitJos, 'an orb or 
 circle,' and on/', 'an eye.^ Monodulus, Monops, 
 Monophthdl'mus, MQnoin''maAus\ Unioc'iilus^ 
 TJnoe'wlus. A monster. hav(ng.bijt one eye, 
 and that placed in thfe middle of the forehead, 
 like the fabulous Cyclops. 
 
 CrCLOTOME, Pyclt)t'cmiMs,{iom kvkHu, 
 ' a circle,' and it/^yur, ' to cut.' . -An instrument, 
 composed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, 
 by means of which the ball of the eyer can be 
 fixed, whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented 
 by a surgeon of Bordeaux, named Guferin, for 
 extracting, the cataract. It is-not used. 
 
 CYCLFS,, Circulus. 
 
 CYDONIA'TUM, Cydondtvm, ■Dyacydonf- 
 tes. A , composition of the Cydonia mala ox 
 quinces, with the addition of spices. — Faulus 
 ofiSgina. 
 
 CYDONIUM; malum, see Pyrus cydonia. 
 
 CYE'MA,. xvtjfia, from xum, ' I conceive.' 
 Conception. Likewise the product of concep- 
 tion. See, Embryo and Foetus. , 
 
 KYESIOGNO'MON, from itui)>if, 'pregnan- 
 cy,' and Ytoifmr, 'a sigh, a token.' A sign of 
 pregnancy. , . 
 
 ■CYESIOGNO'SIS, from- xuixric, 'Tpregnancy,' 
 and ynu'crts, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis of preg- 
 nancy. . , 
 
 ' CYESlOh'OGY,'Cy>Tsiolog"ia, from y.v„r,t, 
 'pregnancy,' and xayosi 'a description.' The 
 doctri;ie of gestation. 
 
 CYESiS, Conception, Fecundation, Preg- 
 nancy. • 
 
 CYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
 
 CYLICH-NE, Cylick'nis. . A pill-box or 
 earthenware pot, or small Cup; from xuwl, 'a 
 cup.'^-Galen^ Fbesius. 
 
 CYLINDRI, see 'Yillous membranes— c. 
 Mqmbranacei renum, see Calix. ■ 
 
 CYL'INDROID, Cylindroi'des, from mkiv- 
 J?oc, 'cylinder,' and .sijo;, 'form.' Having the 
 form of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Comu' 
 AmTnonis, — Protuberance cylindro^de.- 
 
 CYLINDROIOES, Teres. 
 
 CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYtLOJPODA, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis. 
 
 CYLLO'SIS, Kuxxu^'if. 'Lameness, mutila- 
 tion, or yicious conformation.' — Hippocrates 
 Galen. See Kyllosis. 1 , 
 
 CYMATO'DES, Uifdo'sus, from Ku^a, «a 
 \*ave,' and .'1J05, ' resemblance.' The vacilla- 
 ting, undulatory charac^ter of the pulse in weak 
 individuals. , ^ 
 
 CYMBA, Vulva. 
 
 CYMBALARIS, Cricoid.' 
 
CYMBIFORME OS 
 
 946 
 
 CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS 
 
 CYMBIFORME OS, Scaphoid tone. ' 
 
 PYNAN'CHE, Angi'na, from xvdv, <'a dog,' 
 and ayx", 'I suffocate,' {i),S6re Throat, Para- 
 cynan'chi-, Synwn^ihi, Pr-mtel'la, SquinatutKiu, 
 Umipres'ma Paristhmi'tis, C'auma Paristhmi'r 
 tdsjlsthmi'ti^i Paristhmi'tis, Inflam^matio Fau'- 
 ciwm,'Dog chaah.' - Inflarfamation of the su- 
 pradiaphragmatic portion of the alimentary ca- 
 nal,. and of the lining (mesnbr'ane of the upper 
 part of the air-passages: — (F.) Angi^e, Esqwi- 
 Uancie, Mai de Gor'ge, Synaneifi, Squinancie, 
 Kinancie^ It comprises the following chief Va- 
 rieties. , ' 
 
 Cynanche Epidem-ioa, Gjm^nche maligna — 
 c. Externa, C.Parotidaea — c. Faucium,C. ton- 
 sillaris^ — c. Gangraenosa, CynaTiche maligna — e. 
 Laryngea, Laryngitis. > , 
 
 Cynanche Malig-^na,' C. gatiffrceno'sa, An- 
 ffiina ulcero'sa, Fehris epiderfi'ica cum Angi'n'd, 
 ETttpres'Tna Paristhmi'tis Maligna, ' Tbnsilld'- 
 rvm-gartgra^na, Tonsil'les pestilen'tes, Cyri^n- 
 chi' epidern'ica, G: pur' puro-parotidce'a, Oynan- 
 ehi ukero'sa, EpidemJica gjitturis lues, Pe^i- 
 hns fau'dwn aff^'tas, Paiari/ihont (?), Gan.- 
 grcena Tonsiila'rwm,TXhus Sytiaeum, Geirro- 
 tU'lo, CariunImf-lusnmginofsusyAngina_'ull!Ws- 
 eulo'sa, A, epidem'ica,. A, gangrano'sa. A,' ma' 
 Hg'na, A. fauciwm malig'ma, Ist>imoty''phus, 
 Putrid, Ulcerous Sore Thjoat, Gangrenous In- 
 flammation of the Pharyrix, (F.) AngiiiS g^n~ 
 g'reneuse, A. MoiUgne. ' It is charactterized-by 
 crimson redness of the mucous membrane of 
 the fauces and tonsils; ulcerations, covered with 
 mucus, and spreading sloughs, of an ash 6r 
 whitish liue ; the accompanying fever typhusj 
 It is often epidemic, and. generally contagious ; 
 and is frequently found accompanying scarlet 
 fever, — giving rise to the variety, Scarldtina 
 maligna- Cynanchei maligna has been made to 
 iaeludeboth diphtheritic and gangrenous pha- 
 ryngitis. See Pharyngitis, diphtheritic." 
 
 The general treatment is the same as in ty- 
 ]ihus ; and stimulant antiseptic gargles must -be 
 used, eonsisting, for example,. of the decoction 
 of bark and muriatic acid. 
 
 Cynanche Maxillabis, c. Parotidaeai.^c. 
 (Esophagea, GEsophagitisu 
 
 Cynanche Parotidm' a, Empres'ma Paroti- 
 tis, Parotitis, P. epidem'ica,^P, erysipxlato'sa, 
 P- contagio' sa, P. spu'ria, P.^sero'so glu'tinS 
 tu'mens, Parot'ia, Pdrotidi'tis, Cynaw'chi Pa- 
 rotides^ C. exter'na. Angina masdlTa'ris, Gfssa, 
 Angina- externn, Angi/n'a parotidse'a exter'na, 
 Erythroehoe'ras, ^Cynan'cht maxilla'ris^ Ge- 
 ivyoeynanJchx,, Gnathttcynan'chi, 'Inflwnoma'tio 
 paro'tidwm, Infla'tiir paro'tidiim), Catar'rhns 
 Jieliin'sula'niis , Branks (Scotch,) Mumps, (F.) 
 Infla/mmation dela Parotide^ Oreillons, 0-u)rles. 
 The characteristic symptdmg are -.^a painful 
 tumour of the'parotid gland, or of the cellular 
 tissue surrounding it^or of both, not of the sup- 
 purative kind; frequently extending to the max- 
 illary gland. It is very conspicuous externally, 
 and is often accompanied with swelling 'of the 
 testes in the male, and of ther mammse in the 
 female; the testes being sometipies absorbed af- 
 terwards. It is generally epidemit, and appa- 
 rently contagiouSi The treatment is very sim- 
 ple; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistic 
 plan, under which it* usually soon disappears. 
 When inflammation of the mammae or testes 
 supervenes, it must be treated as if idiopathic. 
 
 Epidem'ie Fat oti'tis or Mumps is also termed 
 
 Paroti'tis polymor'plla, P. epidem'iea, P. spg. 
 cifica. V J 
 
 Cynanche Phakywge'a, Empres'ma Paris- 
 thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngi'tis 
 Infliomma/Ho Pharyn'gis, Parasynan'ehi, An- 
 ginsb vnflwrimeaitoria, Sp, iv.-^(BoerhaaVe.) 
 (F.)Arigine Pharyngeej Cat'arrhe pharyngien. 
 Inflammation of the pharynx. ' 
 
 This disease can Jiardly be^said tb' differ, in 
 pathology or treatment from Cynanche t^. 
 Sillaris. The \ same' -may be remarked' of the 
 Cynanchi CEsophage'a, (Esophdgi^tis . 
 
 QtoanchK pRWSRtLA, C. Tonsillaris— c. 
 Pui*pl!iro-parotidsea, Cynanche maligna— c. Sim- 
 plex, Isthmiti^— c. Striduta, C.trachealis. 
 
 Cyna^jche TonSilla'riS', Empresma Paris- 
 thmi'tis Tonsilld'ris,Synan'c}ii,Cyn(m'ch,i^filit. 
 cium, Amygdali'tis, Brandv^ B'fanrhi, -Syan'- 
 ,-chl,.Tq'nsilli tis, Gyhatichi PrwUgVld, Pci,tistk'- 
 miQ, Paristhmi'tis, Dyspha'gia infiwmmato^ria, 
 Aritiadi'tis, Angina iiifiarwmato'ria', A, ctfkttt- 
 T^w're, A^ tbttsilla'iis, A.;Synobhn'lis, A. Sm- 
 giiin'ea,-A. vera ei'legtt'iifial Jhifldmml^tio Ton- 
 silld'ritiA, AritiadoH'i'Us infidmmatf/H'us', In- 
 flammatory Sorb Throtxt'j'Gofhmon Sq-tdnanry, 
 Squinsy orQ'ednsy, {'?.) Amygialite, Inflam- 
 mation des Am,ygdalf^, Angine tonsitairi!,Pha- 
 ryn^ite tonsillaire, Esqninancie^ ^qiiinantief 
 Catarrhe gutpiiral,. Angine gutturale Inflam- 
 matoire. The characteristic symptOJhs of fliis 
 affection are, swelling and florid'jedness ijf the 
 mucotas membrane of the fauces, and especially 
 of the tonsils,; painful and 'impeded deglutition, 
 accompanied with inflammatory fever. It is 
 genej-ally ascribed to coW, 'and is one of the 
 most common affections of cold and temperate 
 climates. ' It usually gbes off by resolution^ but 
 'frequently ends in siippul'ation; 
 
 Common sore throat is an afl'ection Of no 
 consequence. It requires merely, rest, and 
 the observance of the antiphlogistic' regimen. 
 When more violent — ih; addition, to this,— 
 bleeding, local or general; or both, — purgativeBJ 
 inhalation of the steam of warm wat6r; acid, or 
 emollient gargles; rubfefacients externally, or ' 
 sinapisitis'or blisters. When siij^puratiofl must 
 ineyitably occur; the ^continued use of the in- 
 haler mustbe advised, arid an opening be made 
 into the abscess as soottas it shall have formed. 
 lif the patient be likely to be suffocated t)y the 
 tumefectionj bYDnfchotomy may be necessary. 
 
 Cynanche Tbachea'lis;' the .Cynaitrke la- 
 rynge'ti of some, Siiffoca'tio stHd'ula, 'Angi'm 
 pb.rnino'sa,Asth7na Infan'tum,Oynanche strid'- 
 tela, Catar'rhus sufl'or.ati'viisBO'rbaden'sis, An- 
 gina polypo'sa sive ?nemhrana'cea' 'dive pulpo'- 
 sa, Empres'Tna Broncki^tis, E. BronchJ-emrHi'- 
 tis, Angina inflamimato^a, A. 'svffouAil'nii,A, 
 strepito'sa, Angtna canina,' A. exsiidato'ria, 
 Loryngi'tiset 'Frachei'tis infantilis, Iiaryttgos'- 
 tasis sen' Laryngd-trarhei'tis, Laryngd-tracke- 
 ifis with diph^'theritic exuda'tion, Laryngoifael, 
 OrthopntBa cyndn'chica, GynanehorthopfKB% 
 Pseddnrhoni,.(7) A. TracheaHis, Morbus Sitm- 
 gulato'rius, 'Fracki'tis, Trarhei'tis, TraduW- 
 tis, Diphthtri'tis trachea'lis, ExpMtornftio 
 Sel'ida, Cauniif Bronchi'tisr, Grotip, &oup, 
 Kives, Choak, Stuffing:; Riimg'of the light', 
 (f.) 4ngine liergitgee et trachiale, liaryngili' 
 avec production defdusses mtmbrdnes, Larl/n- 
 gite jrseiido-membfraneits'e. A disease characte- 
 rized^ by sohorous and suffocative breathing; 
 harsh voice; cough, ringing" or like the barking 
 
CTNANCHICA 
 
 247 
 
 CYPRINUM OLEUM 
 
 of a dog ; fever, highly inftammatory. It is apt 
 to be speedily attended with the formation of a 
 false membrane, which lines the trachea be- 
 neath the glottis, and occasions violent dys- 
 pnoea and suffocation, but is sometimes expecto- 
 rated. The dyspncEa, as in all other affections 
 of the air-passages, has evident exacerbatipna. 
 It differs in its character in different situations; 
 being infinitely more - inflammatory in some 
 places than in others, and hence the success ob- 
 tained lay diiSerfintmodpsof treatment. It chiefly 
 affects children, and is apt to yecur, but thesuh- 
 sequent attacks are usually less and less severe. 
 As a general princdplejit r^uires the most 
 active treatment'; .bleeding' from th? arm or neck, 
 so as'to induce psleriess; leeches applied , to the 
 neck, &c., according to the ' age,r-the warm 
 bath, blisters to the neck or chest, and purga- 
 tives. Formidable as the disease may be, if 
 this plan. be followed early jit Will generally be 
 successful. Many specihcs ■ have been recom- 
 mended for it, but thesearch has^beenidle and 
 fruitless. The' majority of cases of 'What are 
 called croup are not of this inflareimatprycastjf 
 but are more of a spasrnodic chai'acter-s and 
 have- been termed by the French faux croups, 
 and' with us are occasionally termed spasmodic 
 croup. They generally yield to an emetic and 
 the warm bath.. 
 
 C YNAKCHE Trachealis Spasmoeica,' AsthmB. 
 acutnm, A. Thymi<!um-^c. Ulcerosa, Cynanche 
 maligna. ' 
 
 CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases 
 of quinsy were foriiierly.so-.called. 
 
 UYNANCHORTHOPNCEA, Cynanche tra- 
 ehealis.-- - , , ', ■ 
 
 CYNABT'CHUM. Same' etymon. A genus 
 of plants, of which the following are used in 
 medipine. . , , , 
 
 Cynanchum Monspeliacum, Scam'mony of 
 Montpetlier. The plant furnishes a blackish 
 kind, of gum resin,, which is purgative, and but 
 little used. 
 
 Cynanchum .Vinoetoxiottm, Asclepiasivin- 
 eetoxicum. 
 
 CtnaNchdm VoMiTo'mnM, Ipecacuaii!ha- of 
 the Isle, of Framed: As its name imports, this 
 plant resembles ipecacuanha in properties^ It 
 is emetic, in the dose of from 13 to ^4 grains of 
 the powder. 
 fcYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula. .'■ 
 CYNANTHRO'PIA, from Ku»r, 'dag,' and 
 ar9(idnoe, 'a man.' , A variety of melancholia, 
 in which the" patient believes himself changed, 
 into a dog ; <and imitates the voice and habits of 
 th^t anitnal. ' 
 
 CYN<ARA SeOL'YMUSj Cirfara seot'ymus'. 
 The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Afcocf- 
 ahimf -Artiroc'aius^ A-ttisco^' cua Icevis, Costus 
 nigra, Car'duus Sati'vus non spino'sus, Cina- 
 J'a horten'-sis, Scolymus SaHi'vifs, Car'duus sa- 
 tivus, Cardtius domest^ieus cap'itS'Wiajo'rS^Car- 
 dutis'al'tilis, CF.y Ar-ticMaut. Family, Cardu- 
 aceae. Sex. Syvt. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa- 
 lis. Indigenous in the southern parts of Eu- 
 rope; much used as an agreeable articlfc of diet. 
 The juice of the leaves, 'hfiixed with white winej' 
 has'been given in dropsies. 
 
 CY<N'ICUS, Cyno'di^, irom^von, 'a d<sgi' 
 G^me, Relating to; or resembling a d6gi G^fmie 
 spasm isa convulsive Contraction of the muscles 
 of one side of the fdce, — draggi'ng theeye, cheelt, 
 month, nose, &c., to one-side. See Canine. ' 
 
 CYNIPS QUERCUS FOLII, see Quercus . 
 infectoria. 
 CYNCrcOPRUS, Alhum graecum. 
 CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis. 
 CYNOCTONON, Aconitum. 
 CJNOCYTISUS, Rosa Canina. 
 CYNODEC'TOS, frord ^uov, 'a dog,' and 
 Hixa, '1 bite.' One yvho has been bitten by a 
 dog.- — Dioscbiides. 
 GYNODES, Cynicus. 
 CYNODESMION, Frsenum penis. 
 CYNODESMUS, Fraenum penis. 
 
 OYNODONTES, Canine teeth. 
 
 CYNOGLOS'SUM, from xvm,,'a dog,' and 
 yJBcrira,'a tongue.' Cynoglos'sum ojjicina'le. 
 Lingua Cani'na, Hound^s tongue, Caballa'tion, 
 (F.) Languede Ckien. i Family, Boragiaese. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It is aro- 
 matic and milcilaginous, and has been supposed 
 to be possessed of narcotic properties. 
 
 CYNOIiOPHOI, Spinous processes of the 
 vfirtcbrHB* 
 
 CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia^ . . 
 
 CYNOMOIAii'PlantagP psyllium. 
 
 CYNOMO'RlUMCOCClN'EUM,&omxuo», 
 'a dog,' and fio'iiav, 'the penis.-', (F.) Ghim- 
 pignon de Make. Improperly called Fiaigltis 
 Meliten' sis , or the' Fungus of Malta, as it is 
 not a fuilgns. The powder, has been given as 
 an astringent in hemorrhage,'dysentery,'&c. 
 
 CYNOREXIA, Boulimia. 
 
 CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina. , 
 
 CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina. 
 
 •CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula. 
 
 CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina. 
 
 C YON, xvoit . The wprd sometimes signifies 
 thefrsenumof the prepuce; at others, the penis. 
 
 CyOPHORIA, Pregnancy. 
 
 CYOTliOPHY, Gyotroph'4a, Emhryot'ropky, 
 Embrydtropk'ia,'from ituo?, ' embryo,-' and rpo- 
 Ptiv, ' to nourish.'.' Nutrition of the embryo. 
 Fcetal nutrition. 
 
 CYPARtSSUSj CupressuS sempervtrens. 
 
 CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Lawsonia 
 inermisr^c. Indicus, Curcuma longa. 
 
 CiTPE'Etrs LoNi?u9, from )ii»*agi!;, 'a round 
 vessel,' which' its roots have been said to re* 
 semble. Galangale, (¥.) Sonchetodoratit. It 
 .possesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is 
 not used. Seej also,.Dorstenia contrayerva.'' ■ 
 
 Ctperus Odoeus, Dorstenia eontrayerva"— c 
 Peruanus, Dorstenia eontrayerva. 
 
 G'YFBEUS Rotun'dus; the Round Cype'rtts, 
 (F.) Sourhet rpnd. It is-a more gratefully aro- 
 matic bitter than the C Longns. 
 
 CYPHO'MA, 'CjfpAoj, Cypho'sis, Gyrto'ma, 
 Gyrto'sis, Qfisthocypho' sis, from xuqioc, 'gib- 
 bous.' Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral 
 Column, &c. Cyrtosis torms- a genus in the 
 order Vysthet'ica, and class Hamtft'ica oX Good, 
 and is defined : 'head bulky, espMiially anteri- 
 orly; stature short and ineurvated; flesh fiabliyj 
 tabid, a'nid wrinkled.' It includes Cretinism, 
 .and Rickets. , ' , ' ^ 
 
 CYPHOSIS, Gibbositais, see Humpi and Ky- 
 phosis. ' 
 
 CYPRkS, Cupressus sempervirens. 
 
 C YFRE SS, C upressussempexVirens^c. Tree; 
 Liriodendfon. 
 
 CYP'RINUM O'LEUM, Oil of Cypress; pre 
 pared of olive oil; cypres^ flowers^ calamus, 
 myrrh, cardamom, inula, bitumen of Judaea, 
 &c. It was formerly employed in certain dis- 
 
CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS 
 
 248 
 
 CYSTIRRHCEA 
 
 eases of the uterus, pleurisies, &c., and was 
 regarded to be both stlmulaiit and emollient/ 
 
 CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS, C. Lute- 
 um — c.,Flavescens, C. Luteum.' 
 
 CYPRiPi;.'Dtuin Lif'TEUM, C Calce'olus, C. 
 Flaves'ceji&, C, Ptt^es'tens^ C,^ Farvijio'x'wm, 
 Yellow ladies' slippery Mo^asin Jlower, -Yel- 
 lows, Bleeding heaH, Ame/ican. vale'rian, Yel- 
 -low umbil, male Mervine, Noah's orife, ,(F.) 
 Sa,bo} lie Venus jaune. , An indigenous plant, 
 Nat. Order, Orchidea?^ which "is found all over 
 the United States; blossoming in May andJune. 
 The root is cphsidered to be antispasmodic, and 
 is used in the same cases as valerian. ' 
 
 Cypripedium Parvifloeum, G. Luteum-^c. 
 Pubescens, C. Luteum.' . ' 
 
 CYPRIUM, Cuprum. 
 C YPSELE, Cerumen. 
 CYRCEON, Anus.- 
 
 CJRTOIDES, Cuboid. , . <. 
 
 CYRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma. 
 CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis, ■ • .- 
 CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen. - 
 CYSSARUS, Anus, Rktum. • ^ 
 
 CYSSOPHYLLON, Cyclamen.' , , 
 CYS'SOTl'S, from xuoof, 'the anus.' The 
 lower part of the rectum: tenesmus. ' 
 CYST, Kj*-st. _ .; • '. 
 
 CYSTAL'GIA) Cystidal'gia, from xuinii;, 
 'the bladder,' and axy'ot^ ' pain.' Paiu' in the 
 bladder. i; , 
 
 CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA, from xuTrtc, 'a 
 bladder,' and dneneepha'lia, 'absence of brain.' 
 A monstrosity, in which, in, place of a brain, a 
 hladder is found filled with fluid.— G. St. Hi- 
 laire. 
 
 CYSTAUCHENOTOM'iA, CykotracUelo- 
 tom'ia, Cystidotrachelotom'ia, from xvirzi;, 'a 
 bladder,' nv/tiv, 'the^neck,' and touj/, 'incision.' 
 An incision injto the neck of the bladder. 
 CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy. . 
 CYSTENCEPH'ALUS, from ,ku«-«, 'blad- 
 der,' and Kiipalr;, Shead.' A monster having a 
 head with a vesiculajr brain. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 CYSTEOL'ITHOS, ftom Kva-Ti!,hhe blad- 
 der,' and XtSofy' a stone.' - 5toTie in.the bladder. 
 Also, a medicine, employed to dissolve or 
 break stone. 
 
 CYSTERETHIS'MUS, VeH'e^ IrritaUl'i- 
 tas; froija xva-Tig'', 'the bladder,' and ejeflifw, 'I 
 irritate.' Irritability of the bladder. 
 
 C Y;STHEPAT'IGI[S, from xi/o-tic, ' the blad- 
 der;' and 'ijTtig, ' the liver.' Belonging to the 
 gall7bladder and liver. This name was given, 
 formerly, to imaginary excretory diipts for the 
 bile,' which were supposed to pass directly from 
 the liver to the gall-bladder. 
 . CYSTHEPATPLITHI'ASIS; , Cystidepato- 
 litki'asis, Cholelith'ia,- Cholelithi'afiis,^ from 
 Kvrrn, 'the bladder,' 'ijjraig, 'the liver,' and 
 Jt/ano-it, 'pain caused by a calculus.' The ag- 
 gregate of phenomena caused by thp presence 
 of biliary calculi. See Calculi, biliary. 
 CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. 
 CYSTHUS, Anus. 
 
 CYSTHYPERSARCO'SIS : from xvanc, 
 'bladder,' 'i/tsj, ' over,' and ffajKoo-ic, ' a fleshy- 
 growth;' Exerescen'tia Yesicce urina'riae. A 
 fleshy thickening of the coats of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIC, Cys'ticns, from xijcrr/c, 'a bladder.' 
 Belonging to the gall-bladder. 
 
 Ctstig AftTERY, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given 
 off from the right branch of the" hepatic, and di- 
 
 -Bile contained in the' gal]. 
 
 vides into two brancSes, which proceed to thg 
 gall-bladder. It is accompanied by two cynie 
 ytins, whigh open into the vena porta abdomi- 
 nalis,. • , , . 
 . Cystic BiJiE. 
 bladder. 
 
 'Cystic Calcdh. Calculi formed in the gall- 
 bladder. 
 
 Cystic Duct, Ductus cyslticus, Mm'tia 
 cys'tiqus. The duct proceediiig from the gall- 
 bladder, which,"by its union with tta hepatic 
 forms the ductus, oomrmmis choledoehus,. 
 I Cystic Oxide Calculi, see Calculi. 
 
 Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab/erpJ;ihy, Empky'- 
 ma Sarcoma cellul-o'siim,, Tumoni'; cellulose or 
 cysfose ; cells bval, currant-si^ed or grape-sized 
 containing" serous fluid; sometimes caseoifs.' 
 Found in the thyroid gland (forming broncho- 
 cele,) testis', ovarium, &p. - 
 ' _ CYS'TICA, Cystiti Remedies: Such medi- 
 cines, as vvere formerly believedpjroper forcoin- 
 Ijating diseases of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTICER<CUS, from xd»-tis, 'a bladder,' 
 and xtgitof, 'a tail.' A genus.of entozda of ths 
 faihily of the hydatids, distin^ished by the 
 caudal, vesicle in^ which the cylindrical or 
 slightljf- depressed body of the animal termi- 
 nates^ l^iiepysticer'cus cellulo'sts seh cillu- 
 .lo'sa, Hy'datis finna, has been often found in 
 the cellular membrane. ' ■ ■ - 
 
 CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgi^. 
 
 GYSTIDELCO'SIS, from xutt.?, 'bladder,' 
 arid:'eJxa)(r/,-,,'ulceration.' Suppuration or ul- 
 ceration of the urinary bladder. ^ 
 
 CYSTIDEPATICUg, Hepatocystic. 
 
 OYSTIDEP.ATOUjTHIASJS, . Cystke; 
 lithiasi^. 
 
 . Cysthepato- 
 
 ■CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA, CVstirrhffia. 
 
 CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhffia. 
 
 CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele. •' 
 
 CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhagia. 
 
 CYSTIDORRHEXISj Cystorrhexis., - 
 
 GYSTIDORRHCEA, Cystifrhisa. '■ . 
 
 CYSTlDOSOMATOl'OMIA, Cystosbmato- 
 tomia.^ . ■ , ~ 
 
 CYSTIDOSPASMUS,'see Cystospastic; 
 
 CYSTIDOSTENdCHORIA, Stricture of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia.' 
 
 CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA,Cystauche- 
 notomia. - > , 
 
 CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic. 
 
 CYSTINX, Vesicula„ 
 
 CYSTIPHLOGI A, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTIRRHA'GIA, from xu»-T.f,<the Mad- 
 der,' and qiyi-ua, 'I break- fojtji.' jlemor'Thpgt 
 from the bladder, <F.) Hemorrhdgie lie la, YiM 
 sie, -By some used synonymously 'with cystir^ 
 rhcea-. ■ 
 
 CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma.' , 
 
 CYSTIRRHCE'A, from «uir/5, 'the bladder,' 
 and Qste, 'J flow.' Pam'ria 9tillati"tia Muco'- 
 sa, Blennu'ria, Blennorrha'a urina'lis, B.vi- 
 si'cie,Cysto-blennorrh<B'a,Cystorrhii'a,Ci/stido- 
 Blennorrhce'a, I^chu'riw CystaT^hlegma^imi li- 
 nes'mus Tesi'cseMuoo'susjUri'ndmuco'sa, Cyi-^ 
 tocatar'-rhjts,Cystido-eatarfrhus,CystidorrW(ii 
 Urocystb-catar'rhus, Dysu'riaMucafsa, Fyv/ria 
 Mucosa, P. vis'cida, P. sero'sa. Morbus cysto- 
 phlegfuat'icus, Catar'rkus vesi'cas, (F.) CysdU 
 vmqueuse, Flux muqueux de la vessie, Catarrht 
 vesical.' A copious discharge of mucus from 
 
CYSTIS 
 
 249 
 
 CrSTOTOME 
 
 the Madder J passing out -with the urine, and 
 generally attended wjth dysuria. It is com- 
 monly dependent upon an inflammatory or sub- 
 inflammatory (Condition of the lining membrane. 
 The treatment must be regulated by the cause. 
 If it be not produced by an extraneous body: 
 the antiphlogistic plan,— ^the exhibition of warm 
 diluents, and keeping the surface in a perspira- 
 ble state, by wearing flannel. Some of thetur- 
 pentines may, at times^ be given with advan- 
 tage; afld astringent -or other appropriate in- 
 jections be thrown into the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIS, Follicle.Urinarybladder— c. Cho- 
 ledochus, Gall-bladder— c. Fellea, Gall-bladder 
 — c. Serosa, Hygroma. 
 
 CYSTITE, Cystitis — «. Muqtiense, Cystitis. 
 CYSTI'TIS, from xuo-tic, 'the bladder.,' In- 
 Jlmmma'tio Yesi'cie, Empres'ma Cysti'tis, Cys- 
 H'tis u'rica, XTro-cysti'tis, Cystiphlo'giii, Cys- 
 topklo'gia, Infiammation of the bladder, (F.) 
 Cystite, InfidTrvmation de la vessie; character- 
 ized by pain and swelling in the hypogastric 
 region : discharge of urine painful or obstructed, 
 and tenesmus. It may aflfect one or all of the 
 membranes ; but commonly it is confined to the 
 mucous coat. In the chronic condition, it ap>- 
 pears in the form of cystirrhoea. . It must be 
 treated upon the same energetic principles that 
 are required' in other cases of internal inflam- 
 mation. ' Venesection, general an^ local, the 
 warm bath, and warm fomentations, warm, 
 soothing enemata, diluents, &c. Cantharides 
 must be avoided, even in the way of blisters, 
 unless with precautians; as the disease is ofteij 
 occasioned by them. 
 
 Cystitis FELiEA, Cholecystitis — c. Urica, 
 Cystitis. 
 
 CTSTITQME, CysUt'omus, KiUs'titome, 
 from KuiTTif,'' the bladder,' and i-t^irEir, 'to cut.' 
 Am instrument, invented by Lafaye, for divi- 
 ding the anterior part of the capsule of the crys- 
 talline in the operation for extracting cataract. 
 It was formed like the Pharyngotome. 
 CYSTO-BLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTp-BTJ'BONOCE'LE, from ;iwT;f,'the 
 bladder,' f>v,?», 'the groin,' and xjjxii, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the ab- 
 dominal ring. 
 CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea. 
 CYSTOCE'LE, Cystoce'lia, Cistoce'll, Cys- 
 tidoee'le, from jtuirris, -"the bladder,' and xijJii;, 
 'a tumour.' Ser'nia vesi'cce urina'ria, Remia' 
 of the bladder, (F.) Sernie de la Vessie. It 
 is not common. It occurs, most frequently, at 
 the abdominal ring ; less so at the crural arch, 
 perinasum, vagina, and foramen thyroideum. It 
 may exist alone, or be accompanied by a sac, 
 containing some abdominal viscus; The tu- 
 mour is soft and fluctuating; disappea.r3 on 
 pressure, and increases in size, when the urine 
 is retained. It must be reduce4 and kept in 
 positipn by a truss. Vaginal cystocele is kept 
 in place by a pessary. 
 Ctstocele Biliosa, Turgescentia vesiculae 
 
 CYSTODYN'IA, from xmn;, 'the bladder,' 
 and ojuvij, 'pain.' Pain of the bladder;, par- 
 ticularly rheumatic pain. 
 
 CYSTOID, Cystdideus, Cyst-liie,{iqm^tii!-Tt;, 
 'abladderorcyst,'andtii)ot, 'resemblance.' That 
 which resembles a cyst, as 'cystoid tumour.' 
 
 CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical. 
 
 CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cystolith'iciis, from xtv- 
 17 
 
 Ttf, 'the bladder,' and Jifl^of, 'a stone.' Rela 
 ting' to stone in the blad4er. 
 
 CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,, from xuctt/c, 'the 
 bladder,' iMtjos, 'the thigh;' and icijJi;, 'hernia.' 
 Femoral hernia, formed by the bladder pifo- 
 truding beneath the crural arch. 
 
 CYSTON'CUS, from „wTit, 'the bladder,' 
 and oyitoc, 'tumour.' Swelling of the bladder. 
 CYST P A R A L'Y S I S, CysHdoparal'ysis, 
 Cystidople'gia, Cystople'gia, Cystoplex'ia, from 
 ^tuirTJt, ' bladder,' and re«|o)iuo-(t, 'palsy.' Para- , 
 lysis of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYgTO-PHtEGMAT'IC; CysfaphUgmat'- 
 icus, from kub-tic, 'the bladder,' and ipieyfia, 
 ' mucus; phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical mu- 
 cus.' Morbus cystophlegmat'icus. _ Cystirrhcea. 
 
 CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
 
 CYSTOPHTHrSIS,PAtAMi* vesiea.'lis,iiora 
 xuo-Tif, 'the bladder,' and ^610, 'I consume.' 
 Consumption from ulceration of the bladder, — 
 UHcera seu Heleo'sis vesi'c'a. 
 
 C YSTOPL AST^C, Cystoplas'ticus: from yUKr- 
 Tic, 'the bladder,' and irMnrfu, 'I form.' An 
 epithet for operations for the cure of fistulous 
 openings into the bladder ; sometimes restricted 
 to the cure by translation of skin from' a neigh- 
 bouring part. • 
 
 CYSTOPLEG'TC, Cystophg"icus. Belong- 
 ing to paralysis of the bladder; from imo-Tis, 
 ' the bladder,' and TrXtira-d, ' I- strike.' 
 
 GYSTOPLEX^IA, Cy^topaialysis. 
 
 CYSTOPTO'SIS, from^ouTic, ' the bladder,' 
 and mnrsiv; 'tofell.' Relaxation of the inner 
 membrane. of the bladder, which projects, into 
 the canal of the urethra. 
 
 CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'icus, from xvon;, 
 'the bladder,' and nvov, 'pus.' Relating to 
 suppuration of the'bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHA'GIA, Hcematu'ria cyst'ica, 
 IIcB'morrhag"ia ve'si'ca, Strangu'ria cruen'ta, 
 Sau'guinisfliior vesi'cce. from nvang, ' the blad- 
 der,' and 'payij, 'rupture.' A dischiarge of blood 
 from the vessels of'th6, urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHEU'MA, 'CjitirrAeii'ma, Rheu- 
 Tnatism'us vesi''c<e uj-ina'riis; from xvartg, ' the 
 bladder,' and ftvfia, 'defluxion, rheumatism.' 
 Rheumatism of the 'bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhex'is; from 
 xvaii s, ' bladder,' and > t/|is, ' rupture.' Rupture 
 of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTORRHffiA, Cystirrhcea. 
 , CYSTOSARCO'MA, from xvant, ' a bladder 
 or cyst,' and sarcoma, (q. v.) A tumour con- 
 sisting of a combination of cysts and cystoids, 
 so called by J. MuUer. ' 
 
 CYSTOSOMATOM'IA, Cystosomatotom'ia, 
 Cystidosotnatotom'ia, from xvanq, ' the bladder,' 
 amia, 'body,' and Tofiij, 'incision.^, Anincision 
 into the body of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospasfic. 
 
 CYSTOSPASTIC, Cystospas'ticus,from y.vn- 
 Tis, 'the bladder,' and anam, ' I contract.' Re- 
 lating to spasin of thebladder, and particularly of 
 its sphincter; — Cystidospas'mus,l^asmusVesi'(se, 
 Ischu'ria spasmod'icai (F.ySpaSTne de la Vessie. 
 
 CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Cystido'stenooho'- 
 ria,Strictu'ravesi'cse, Vesi'cd sacca'ta. A stric- 
 ture, narrowness, inequality or saccated condi- 
 tion of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTOTHROM'BOID, CysiotkromboVdes, 
 from xvaric, ' the bladder,' and 9qoti^o(, 'a clot.' 
 Relating to the presence pf clots in the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOTOME, Cystot'oimis, from (-uot.;. 
 
CYSTOTOMIA 
 
 S50 
 
 DACRYOSYRINX 
 
 ' the bladder,"' and n/irtir, ' to cut.' An instrUT 
 ment intended for cutting the, bladder. Instru- 
 ments of this kind have been more frequently, 
 although very improperly, called Lithotomes. 
 
 CYSTOTOM'IA, Cystidotom'ia, same ety- 
 mon. Incision of the bladder. Sectiov.esica'lis. 
 Cystotomia means cutting into the bladder for 
 any purpose; {F.) Incision de la vessie. Com- 
 monly, it is applied to the puncturing of the 
 bladder, for the purpose oif removing the urine ; 
 whilst' Lithotomy has been employed for the 
 incisions made with the view of extracting cal- 
 culi from the bladder^ See Lithotomy. 
 
 CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIAjCystaucheno- 
 tomia. 
 
 CYT'INUS, Cytinus Sypocis'tus, Uypqcist'- 
 us. A small, parasitical plant, which grows in 
 the south of France and in Greece, on the roots 
 of the woody cistus. The juice of its fruit is 
 acid, and very astringent. It is extracted by 
 expression, and converted into an extract, which 
 was called Succus Sypods'ti, and was formerly 
 much used in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, &c. 
 
 CYTISITSTA, Cytisihe. An immediate vege- 
 table principle, discovered by Chevajier and 
 Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cytisus Lahur'- 
 num or J^ean-Tr'efoii tree, F<;imily, Legumi-, 
 nossB. Sea;. Sy««. Diadelphia Decandria. Cy- 
 tisine has analogous properties to emetine. In 
 the dose of one or two grains, it produces vo- 
 miting and purging; and, in a stronger dose. 
 
 acts as an acrid poison-. The seeds ,of the Cy- 
 tisus LaburnuTji, (F.) -AwioMrj, have^been long 
 known to produce vomiting and purging. 
 
 CYtlSMA ECZEMA, Eczema— c'. Herpes, 
 Herpes. 
 
 CYTISO-GENISTA,' Spartium scoparium. 
 
 CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisine— c, 
 Scoparius, Spartium scoparium. 
 
 CYTI'TIS, Seyti'tis, De^mati'tis, Dermi'tis, 
 Cjlti'tis, Corii'tis, from ki/tic, 'the skin,' and 
 itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 the skin. - , ■ 
 
 CY'TOBLASTj from xi/to?; ' cell,' and/SJoff. 
 ■to;, 'germ.' Cell-ger^, Nu'cleus. A primary 
 granule, from which all animal and vegetable 
 bodies are presumed to be foirmed. When the 
 nucleus or cytoblast forms a cell, and is at- 
 tached to, its walls, the germinal cell, thus 
 formed, is called a nucleated cell. When the 
 nucleus contains a simjjle granule, the latter is 
 termed a mficTeoliiS' 
 
 CYTQBLASTE'MA; same etymon. Iruer- 
 cel'lular substance, Hy' aline siebstanre^Suistan'- 
 tia vit'rea seu hyaVina, Matrix. ■ The guJn or 
 mucus in the vegetable, and probably the liquor 
 sanguinis after transudation from the vessels in 
 the animal,in a state fully prepared forthe forma- 
 tion ofthe tissues.— tSchwann and Schleiden.' By 
 matiy. Blastema is preferred, inasmuch as itdoes 
 not convey the idea of celluliir development. 
 
 CYTTAROS, Glans. 
 
 D. 
 
 The figure of the Greek A, according to Gra- 
 len, was the sign for the quartan fever. I 
 
 DABACH, Viscum album. 
 
 DACNE'RON, SmvriQov,. from i<t»ritv, 'to 
 bite.' Ah ancient name for a ' collyrium,' com- 
 posed of oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, 
 saffron, gutn Arabic, and opium. 
 
 DACRY, Vac'ryma, Dac'ryon, SxitQu, fexju- 
 ^a, Joxpuor, 'a tear:' Hence: 
 
 DACRYADENAL'GIA, DacryoMenal'gia, 
 from iJazguoi, ' I weep,' atlijv, 'a gland,' andaiyoc, 
 'pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYADENI'TIS, Dacryo&deiii'tis: from 
 ^anouo), 'I weep,' air\v, 'a gland,' and itis. In- 
 flammation of the lachrymal gland. 
 
 DACRYALLCEO'SIS, from iay.^<i, 'a tear,' 
 and ajiXoiaicTic, 'change.' A morbid condition 
 of the tears. 
 
 DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 DACRYGELO'SIS, from aax^uMj 'I weep,' 
 and yilmw, 'I ladgh.' A kind of, insanity, in 
 which the patient weeps and laughs at the sanie 
 time. 
 
 DACRYH^MOR'RHYSIS: from fexou, 'a 
 tear,';and'ai,Kseeu3-ic, 'hemorrhage.' A flow of 
 bloody tears. 
 
 DACRYNOMA, Epiphora. 
 
 DACRYOADENALGIA, Dacryadehalgia. 
 
 DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis. 
 
 DACRYOBLENlsrORRHCE'A, from J^oi/*, 
 'I weep,' ^Kiiyi, 'rtiucus,' and psoi, 'I flow.' 
 Discharge of tears mixed with mucus. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from fexffi/», 'I 
 weep,' xu^Tig, 'a sac,' and alyo;, 'pain.' Dis- 
 ease or pain in the lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, tromdaKQv„,; 'a tear,' 
 and nvp-Tts, 'bladder;' Inflammation of thff 
 lachrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYO'DES, Lachrymo'sus, from SaxSuoi, 
 'I weep.' Resembling tears: — hence, CTea* 
 dacryo'des. A sanious ulcer, a weeping sore. 
 
 DAC'RYOLITE, Dacryo'Kthus, from toow, 
 'I weep,' and \i6ii, 'a stone.' A concretioft 
 found in the lachrymal passages. 
 
 DACRYOLITHIA'SIS; same etymon as the 
 last. The fprmation of concretions in the tears. 
 
 DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effu- 
 sion of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the 
 puncta lachrymalia.^-Vogel. 
 
 DACRYON, Tear. 
 
 DACRYOPCE'US, from Sik^m, 'I weep,' 
 and TioitM, 'I make.' A substance, vfhich ex- 
 cites the secretion of tears, — as the oni^v,, 
 horse-radish,^ garlic, &c, " 
 
 DAC'RYOPS, from ^axjuoi, ' I v?eep,' and 
 a\p,'th.e eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction 
 of the lachrymal passages. 
 
 DAqRYOPYQRRHCE'A, Fyoxrhaia via'rum 
 lacrymi^'lium, from S^xqv, 'a tear,' vvn, 'pus,' 
 and gta, 'to flow.' A discharge of tears miied 
 with purulent matter. 
 
 DACRYORRHCE'AjDocryj-rAa'ffi, Dacfyoi''- 
 rhysis, Dacryr'rhysis, ffom isKqv, 'a tear,' and 
 gsB, 'to flow.' A morbid flux of tears. 
 
 DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoa. 
 
 DACRYOSOLENl'TIS, from Jazju, 'a tear,' 
 a-ai\yiv, 'a canal,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts. 
 
 DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lachrymalis. 
 
DACRYRRHOEA 
 
 251 
 
 DARTOS 
 
 DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhcea. 
 
 DACRYRRHYSIS, DacryorrhoBa. 
 
 DACTYLE'THRA, DactyU'thra, from iax- 
 Tttiof , 'a finger.' A name given ty the ancients 
 to different topical applications, having the form 
 of a finger, and proper for being introduced into 
 the throat to excite vomiting. 
 
 DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus. 
 
 DACTYL ION, Daelyl'iwm, from iayt.TvXoc, 
 'a finger.' The union of the fingers with each 
 other. This affection is generally congenital*, 
 but it may be owing to burns, ulcerations, in- 
 flammation of the fingers, &c. 
 
 DACTYL'IOS, from Smtmus, 'a finger.' A 
 troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. 
 The anus. 
 
 DACTYLITIS, Paronychia. 
 
 DACTYLIUS, from ianTuAfos, annulus, 'a 
 ring.' 
 
 Dacttl'ius a culea'tus is a worm of a light 
 colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering 
 slightly towards both extremities; from two- 
 fifths to four-fifths of an inch long, which has 
 been found in the urine. 
 
 DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme. 
 
 DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from iaKruJoc, 'a 
 finger,' and iro^*umc, 'union.' ^ Adhesion, of the 
 fingers to each other. 
 
 - DACTYLOTHE'KE, from SavLTxiloi, 'a fin- 
 ger,' and flijxi;, 'a case or sheath.' An instrument 
 for keeping the fingers extended when wound- 
 ed.T^Ambrose Parfe. 
 
 DAC'TYLUS, Z>ig-'%Ms, (q. v.) 'a finger.' 
 The smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth 
 part of a foot. 
 
 IJ A r!T"YT.TTR "DS-tG 
 
 D^DA'LEA SUAVEOLENS,B.o;e'*«iSaf- 
 icis, (F.) Bolet odorant. A champignon. Which 
 grows on the trunks of old Willows. It has a 
 smell of anise, which is penetrating and agree- 
 able; and has been recommended in phthisis 
 pulmopalis in the dose of a scruple four times 
 a day. See Boletus suaveolens. 
 
 DJEDALUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 D^DION, Bougie. 
 
 DiEMONOMANIAj'Demonomania. , . 
 
 DjES, TffidiE. 
 
 DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissu«. 
 
 DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura sennaB com- 
 posita. 
 
 . DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 
 Erigeron Philadelphicum— d. Common, Bellis 
 — d. Px-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
 
 DALBY'SCARMIN'ATIVE. Acelebrated 
 empirical Temedy, much used as 4 carminative 
 for children. The following is a form for its 
 preparation: {Magnesias alh. Qij, ol. menth^a 
 piper^ gtt. j, ol. nuc, ntoschat^ gtt. iij, ol, anisi, 
 gtt. -iij, tinct, castor, gtt. x^x, ti?ict. asafc&tid, 
 gtt. XV, tinct. oyii, gtt. v, sp. putegii, gttl jcv, 
 tinct, cardafn, c. gtt. xxx, aquEe' Tnevtha pip. 
 5ij. M.) A Committee of the Philadelphia 
 College of Pharmacy recommend the following 
 form: — {Aqux, Ox, Sacchar. alh. Jxxxij, Car- 
 bon. Potass, gss, Carh. Mag. §xij, Tinct. Opii. 
 f. Jvj, 01. month, piper. Ol. Anethi Fcmicul. 
 aaf. 9ij.M.) 
 
 DALTO'NIAN. An abshrd name given to 
 one who cannot distinguish colours; because 
 the celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. 
 See Achromatopsia. 
 
 DALTONISM, Achromatopsia; 
 
 DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum— d. Moun- 
 
 tain, Quassia simarouba— d. Tree, Prunus do- 
 mestica. 
 
 DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Danse. A kind 
 of exercise and amusement, composed of a sub- 
 cession of motions, gestures, and attitudes, ex- 
 ecuted by measured steps to the sound of the 
 voice or musical instrument. It is a healthy 
 exercise. 
 
 DANDELION,, liContodon taraxacum. 
 
 DANDRIFF, Pityriasis. 
 
 DANDRUFF, Pityriasis. 
 
 DAnDY, J>engue. 
 
 DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A. spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in 
 Sweden. The waters • contain carbonic ^acid, 
 holding in solution carboViate of iron, sulphate 
 of iron, sulphates -of soda and lime, chloride of 
 sodium, and silica. It is frequently employed 
 in medicine. 
 
 DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 DANICH; an Arabic word, signifying the 
 weight of 8 grains. 
 
 DANSE, Dancing — d. de St. Guy, Chorea — 
 d. de St. Witt, Chorea. 
 
 DAPHNE, Laurus. 
 
 Daphnb Alpi'wa, ChamiSelefa, Chgmcda'a, 
 Widowwail. Fa?nily,Thjxne\3S3e. Sex. Sysi. 
 Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. 
 An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been 
 separated from the bark of this plant by M. 
 Vauquelin, to which he has given the name 
 Daphliine. The plants of this genus ovre their 
 vesicating property to this principle. 
 
 DAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne raeze- 
 reum — d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium — d. Ga- 
 rou. Daphne gnidium. 
 
 Daphme Gkid'ium, Thymelae/a, Thymele'a, 
 Cneo'ron, Spurge 'Flaq;, Flax-leaved Saphni. 
 The plant which furnishes the Garou Bark. 
 (F.) Daphne Garjau, Saiu-lois. It is chiefly 
 used, when used at all, for exciting irritation of 
 the skin. The Gratia Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia 
 grana,) are acrid poisons, like all the plants of 
 this genus, when taken in quantity. Accord- 
 ing to others, the garpu bark and grana gnidia 
 are obtained from the daphne laweala. 
 
 Daphne Laureola. The systematic name 
 of the Spurge, Jiorurel, Lauretld. The bark of 
 this plant has similar properties to the last. 
 
 . Daphne, Meze'eeum. The systematic name 
 of the Meze'reon, Mezereum, Spurge-olive, (F.) 
 Daphne Boisgent.il. The bark of the mezereon, 
 Mezereum, (Ph. U. S.) possesses analogous pro- 
 perties to the other varieties of Daphne. It is 
 considered stimulant and dia.phoretic ; and, in 
 large doses, is emetic. It has been employed 
 in syphilitic cases, but its eflicacy is doubtful. 
 iSoaked in vinegar, — like 'the other varieties of 
 Daphne, it has been . employed to irritate the 
 skin, especially to keep issues open. 
 
 DAPHNELjE'ON, O'leum Lauri'num, from 
 ScKfvri, 'the laurel or bay, tree,' and clxinv, 'oil.' 
 Oil of Bay. 
 
 DAPHNINE, see Daphne Alpina. 
 
 DARSENI, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 DARSINI, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 DARSIS, from Jepw, ,' I excoriate,' 'I skin.' 
 The Greek physicians seemed to have used this 
 word to designate the anatomical preparation, 
 which consists in removing the skin for ex- 
 posing the organs covered by it. 
 
 DARTA, Impetigo. 
 
 DARTOS. Same derivation; 'Membra'na 
 
DARTRE 
 
 252 
 
 DEATH 
 
 carno'sa, Tu'nica musculdris, T. ruHcun'da 
 scroti, Marsw'pium musculo'sum ; fioia iaQiroe, 
 'skinned.' A name, given to the second cover- 
 ing of the testicle, which the ancient anatomists 
 conceived to be muscular, but which is iperely 
 cellular. Its external surface is towards the scro- 
 tum; the internal towards the tunica vaginalis. 
 Frederick Lbbstein and Br€schet consider,- that 
 it proceeds from an expansion of the cellular 
 cord, known by the name Gubernaiulum Testis. 
 
 BAR TRE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis— li; 
 Crustacee, . Ecthyma impetigo — d. Crustacie 
 fiavescente, Porrigo'lupinosa — d. Crouteuse, Im- 
 petigo — d, £cailleuse, PsoriasisT— fi^. Fongueuse, 
 Ecthyma — d. Furfuracee arrondie, Jje^T3L, Le- 
 pra vulgaris— if. Furfuracee voldnte. Lichen; 
 Pityriasis — d. Fhlycteno'ide, Herpes phlyctae- 
 noides^-£?. Fustuleuse couperose, -Gutta rosea 
 — d. Fustuleuse disseTninee, Acne — d. Fustu- 
 leuse mentagra, Sycosis — d. Rongeante, Herpes 
 ex^dens — d. Sqtiatmmeuse kumide, Eczema — d. 
 Squam/meuse lickenoide, Psoriasis — d, Vive, 
 Eczema. 
 
 SARTREUXCF.'), Herpetic. Participating 
 in the characters of Dartre or Herpes. Also, 
 one affected with dartre. Dartre has beeniised, 
 at one time or other, for almost -every disease 
 of the skin. — See Herpes. 
 
 D ASTMA, from Sna-ut, ' rough,' ' hairy.' A 
 disease of the eye — the same as Trachoma, but 
 less in'degree. — Aetius, Gorraeus. 
 
 DASTTES. Same etymon. Roughness, 
 particularly of the tongue and voice. Hairi- 
 ness, Hirsu'ties. 
 
 l)ATE,_Pal'malgij Dac'tylus, Bal'anos, Fha'- 
 nicos, the fruit of the Phanix Dactylif'era, (F .) 
 Dane. The unripe date is astringent. When 
 ripe, it resembles the fig. The juice of the tree 
 is refrigerant. 
 
 DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus. 
 
 DATTA, Date. 
 
 DATURA, D. Stramonium, Daturine. 
 
 Datu'ra SaSsguih'ea, Red Thorn Apple; 
 called by the Indians of Peru Huacacacku, Yerha 
 de Huana (Jiudca, a grave) or grave plant, and 
 Bovachevt). A plant from which the Peruvian 
 Indians prepare a narcotic drink called Tonga. 
 
 Dato'ra Steamo'hium, Stramio'nium, Stra- 
 mo'nia, Barycoc'calvn, Sola'niitn fijet'idum, 
 Strwmo' nium majus album, Fomum seu Ma- 
 lum, spino'&um, iVwa; methel, Datu'ra, Duiro'a, 
 Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, Ja/rmsto'Ojn Weed, Jim- 
 ston Weed, Stin^weed, (F.) Stramoine, Fomtne 
 epineuse. The herbaceous part of the plant and 
 the seeds are the parts used in medicine. They 
 are narcotic and poisonous ; — are given inter- 
 nally as narcotics and antispasmodics, and ap- 
 plied externally as sedatives, in the form of 
 fomentation. The. seeds are smoked like tobac- 
 co, in asthma. The dose of the powder, is gr. 
 j to gr. viii. 
 
 DA'TURINE, Daturl'na, Datu'Ha, Datu'- 
 rium. The active principle of the Datura Stra- 
 monium, separated by Brandes, a German che- 
 mist. It has not been rendered available in me- 
 dicine. 
 
 DATURIUM, Daturine. 
 
 DATYRA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 D AUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of which the 
 Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient. The 
 seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly 
 used in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, 
 diseases of the uterus, &c. 
 
 DAUCUS C ANDIANUS, Athamanta creteli!(!«. 
 
 Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name 
 of the Carrot Flant; Daucus, Daucus syl'ves'- 
 tris, FastinWca sylvestris tenuifo'lia officina'- 
 rum, Ado'rion. Order, UmbelliferEB. (F.) Co- 
 rotte. The rootj and seed, Carota — (Ph. U. S.) 
 — have been used in inedicine. The root is 
 sweet and mucilagyious ; and the seeds have an 
 aromatic odour, and moderately warm, pungent 
 taste. The root has been jised as an emollient, 
 to fetid and Unconditioned sores. The seeds 
 have been regarded as stomachic, carminative 
 and diuretic ; but they have little efScacy; The 
 seeds of the ivild plant are, by some, preferred 
 to those of the garden. 
 
 Daucus, Crjticus, Athamanta cretensis — dv 
 Cyanopus, Pimpinella magha-^d. Seprinius; 
 Seandix cerefolium — d. Sylvestris, D. carota. 
 
 DA UPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 . DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, 
 see Conium maculatum. 
 
 DAVIER, Denfagra. '. 
 
 DAWLISH, CLIMATE OF. A town jn' 
 Devonshire, _frequented by phthisical invalids 
 during the winter. It is well protected from 
 northerly winfJs, and also from the violence of 
 the south-westerly gales. It offers, however, 
 but a confined space. 
 
 DAX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dax is a 
 city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there 
 are four springs, that are almost purely ther- 
 mal; containing, only, a very small quantity of 
 chloride of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and 
 liirie. Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit. 
 
 DAYMARE; Incubus vigilantiijm'. 
 
 DAY-SIGHT, Hemeralopia— d. Vision, He- 
 meralopia. 
 
 DAZZLING, Caliga'tio, (F.) Sblouissement. 
 
 A momentAry'disturbance of sight, occasioned 
 
 either by the suddeni impression of too powerful 
 
 a light, or by some internal cause; as plethoia. 
 
 -DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorura. 
 
 DEAFNESS, from Anglo-Saxon oeap. Sttr'- 
 dita^, Copho'sis, Dysecoi'a, Dys^cafa organ'ica, 
 Baryecoia, Hardness of .hearing, Hypocopho'sis, 
 Suhsur'ditas, Bradycoia, Bradyecoia, (F.) Sur- 
 dite, Durete de I'ouie. Considerable diminu- 
 tion or tojal loss of hearing. It may be the 
 effect of acute or chronic inflammation of the 
 internal ear, paralysis of the auditory nerve or 
 its pulpy extremity, or of some mechanical ob- 
 struption tp the sonorous rays.> In most cases, 
 however, the cause of the deafness is not appre- 
 ciable, and the treatment has to be purely em- 
 pirical. Syringing the ear, dropping in slightly 
 stimulating oils, fumigations, &c., are the most ■ 
 likely means to afford relief. 
 
 Deafness, Taylor's Remedy foe, see Al- 
 lium. ' ' 
 
 DEALBATIO, Paleness. 
 
 DEAMBULATIO, Walking.- 
 
 DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
 N DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus. 
 
 DEATH, (Sax. ueaH,) Apohio'sis, Abio'sis, 
 Extinc'tio, Ob'itus, Fsychorag'Ha, Fsychor- 
 rhag''ia, Le'thum, Le'tum, Mors, Inter'itiis, 
 Than'atos, Death, (F.) Mart. Definitive cessa- 
 tion of all the;fpnctions, the aggregate of which 
 constitute life. Real Death, Apothana'sia, is 
 distinguished from asphyxia or apparent death: 
 —the Utter being merely a suspension of those 
 same functions. But it is often difficult to judge 
 of such suspension, and the only certain sign of 
 
DEATH-STIFFENING 
 
 253 
 
 DECIDUA 
 
 real death is the commencement of putrefaction. 
 At times, therefore, gr^at caution is requisite to 
 avoid mistakes. Death is commonly preceded 
 by some distressing symptoms, whioh -depend 
 on lesion of respiration, circulation, or of the 
 cerebral function, and which constitute the 
 agony. That which occurs suddenly, aiid with- 
 out any, or with few,, precursory, signs, is called 
 sudden death. It is ordinarily caused by disease 
 of the heart; apoplexy; the rupture of,an aneu- 
 risip, or by some other organic afTection . Death 
 is natural, when it occurs as the result of dis- 
 ease: violent, Vivien produced by some forcible 
 agency. It may likewise affect the whole body, 
 or a part only; hence the difference between 
 soitiapic and molecular A^^^- ' 
 
 The-chief varieties of the modes of death may 
 be thus given : — 
 
 C Suddenly -^ Syn- 
 Death beginning at the heart, ? cope : Gradual — 
 ( Asthenia. 
 
 „ „ in the lungs — Asphyxia. 
 
 „ .„ in the brain^^Apoplexy. 
 
 in the gray C Paralysis of 
 
 „ „ matter of the •? pneumogastrics, 
 
 medulla, ( &c. 
 
 ,, „ in the blood — necraemia. 
 
 Death, Apparent, Asphyxia. 
 
 Death, Black. . The plague of the 14th cen- 
 tury was so called, which is supposed to have 
 ffroved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of peojlle. 
 — Heck6r. 
 
 Death of Man, Cicuta njaculata. 
 
 DEATH-STIFFENING, Rigor mortis. 
 
 DEBILIS, Infirm. . , 
 
 D^BlL'YiA^T^DetilitaH'tiatAiitidynam'- 
 ica, JPhiladynam'ica, from dehilitare, itself from 
 debilis, quaSi dehabilis, ' vveak,' ' to weaken.' 
 Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing 
 excitement. Antiphlogistics ate, hence, debili- 
 tants. 
 
 DEBILITAS, Debility— d. Erethisica, see 
 Irritable — d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia^ — d. Ner- 
 vosa, see Irritable — d. Visus, Asthenopia. 
 
 DEBILTTY, Debil'itas, AstAeni'a, JBlaci'a, 
 Anenerge'sia, ,<iMe»erg^'a, Weakness, (,V.)Fcii- 
 bhsse. A condition, whicTi may be induced by 
 a number of causes. It must not be confounded 
 'with:futigue, which is temporary, whilst debi- 
 lity is generally more permanent. - , 
 
 Debility in,ay "be real, or it may be apparent ; 
 and, in the management of disease, it is im- 
 portant to attend to, this. At the commence- 
 ment of fever, for example, thfire is often a de- 
 gree of apparent debility, which prevents the 
 use of appropriate means, and is fhe cause of 
 much evil. Excitement is more dangerous, than 
 debility. 
 
 DiBOITEMENT, Luxation. 
 
 D&BORD'EMENT (F.), from deborder, {de 
 and border) ' to overflovv.' A popular term for 
 one or more sudden and copious evacuations 
 from the bowels. It is chiefly applied to bilious 
 evacqations of this kind — Dehordemerit de 
 Bile. 
 
 Ji£BRIDEMENT(F.),Fneno'rums6lu'tio, 
 from(F.) debrider,(de and brider,) ' to unbridle.' 
 The removal' of filaments, &c., in a, wound or 
 abscess, which -prevent the discharge of pus. 
 In a more general acceptation, it means the cut- 
 ting of a soft; membranous or aponeurotic part, 
 which interferes with the exercise of any organ 
 whatever : thus, in paraphymosisj debridement 
 
 of the prepuce is practised to pul im end to the 
 inflammation of tiie glans : in strangulated her- 
 nia, debridement of the abdominal ricg is had 
 recourse to, to remove the stricture of the in- 
 testine, &c. 
 
 DECAGRAMME, from h».a, < ten,' And 
 Y^a/ifia, 'a gramme.' The weight of ten 
 grammes, 154.44 grains Troy. 
 
 DECAM'YRON, from Sim, 'ten,' and /nu^n, 
 ' ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed 
 of malabathrum, mastich, eupkorbium, spike- 
 nard,styrax cala/mita, carbonate of litne, com- 
 mon pepper, unguentum nardi, opobhlsamum, 
 and wax. 
 
 DECANTA'TION, Decanta'tio, Defu'sio, 
 Elutria'iio,Metangis'm'os,Catach'ysia. A phar- 
 maceutical operation; which consists in pouring 
 off, gently, by inclining the vessel, tiny fluid 
 which'has left a^deposit. 
 
 DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see 
 Resection. 
 
 DECARBONIZATION, Haeifaatosis. 
 
 DECESSI0, Ecpiesma. 
 
 DACHARNE, Demuseulatus. ■ 
 . DACHAUSSEMENT (P.) {de and chaus- 
 ser.) The state, in which the gums have fallen 
 away from the teeth, as in those affected by mer- 
 cury, in old persons, &c. Also, the operation 
 of lancing the gums. See Gum lancet. 
 
 DJiCHAtJSSOIR, Gum lancet. 
 
 DiCHIREMENT, Laceration. . . 
 
 Di.CHIRURE,Wo\mA, lacerated. 
 
 DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy. 
 
 DECIDUA, Decidua membraoa. 
 
 Decid'ua Memeea'na, Dedd'ua,, Decid'- 
 ttous Membrane, ■. from decidere, ' tb fall off,' 
 {de, and cado.) The outermost membrane of 
 the fcEtus in utero. Chaussier calls it Epicho'- 
 rion :, by others, it has been called Membra'na 
 cadu'ca Hunte'ri, M. Jlocculen'ta, M. cellulo'sa, 
 M. sinuo'sa, M. corwmu'nis, M: prccexis'tans, 
 Decidua externa, - Tu'nica exterior ovi, T, 
 cadu'ca, T. crassa, Membra'na cribro'sa, Mem- 
 bra'Tia ovi tnater'na, M. m/aco' sa, Decidua spon- 
 ' gio'sa, Epiont, Placen'ta uteri succenturia'tus, 
 Subplacen'ta, Membra'na u'teri inter'na evo- 
 lu'ta,Nidam6n'tum,Anhis'tousme7Airane,Cho'- 
 rion spongio' sum-, C. tomento' sum>, fungo'sum, 
 reticula'tum, '&c., Tu'nica JilaTnento'sa, (F.) 
 Membrane ccCduque, £pione, Ferione, Shaggy 
 Chorion, Spongy Vkorion, &c. Great "diversity 
 has prevailed, regarding this membrane and its 
 reflected portion. It has been conceived by 
 sotae that it exists before the germ arrives in 
 the liteyus, — as it has been met with in tubal 
 and ovarial pregnancies; and that it is occa- 
 sioned by a ne* action, assumed by the uterine 
 vessels at the moment of conception. Chaussier, 
 Lobstein, Gardien, Velpeau and others consider 
 the decidua to be a sac, completely' lining the 
 uterus, and without apertures, and, that when 
 the ovum descends through the tube, it pushes 
 the decidua before it, and becomes enveloped 
 in it, except in the part destined to form the 
 placenta. That portion of the membrane, whieh 
 covers the ovum, forms the Membra'na decid'ua 
 reflex' a, (,'^ .) M. eaduque reflechi'e, according to 
 them; — ^the part lining the uterus being the D«- 
 ddua- U'teri. Towards the end of the fourth 
 month, the decidua reflexa disappears. The 
 very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa ha;, 
 however, been denied. This membrane has re- 
 ceived various names. Dr. Granville, regard- 
 
DECIDtrOUS MEMBRANE 
 
 254 
 
 DECOCTTTM 
 
 ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, 
 has termed it Cortex - ovi. It has also .been 
 termed Irv^iolu'erum memhi-dna' cinm. Membra! - 
 na retiform'is cho'rii, Membra'na filamento'- 
 sa, M. adventit"i'aaxkA. M. crassa, Ovuline and 
 Decid'ua protru'sa. The decidua becomes thin- 
 ner and thinner, until the encl of gestation. Its 
 use seems to be, to fix. the' Ovum to the uterus, 
 and to' fulfil some important purposes in the 
 nutrition of the fcetus. To the membrane which, 
 according to Bojanus, ,is situate between the 
 placenta and the uterusj and which he. considers 
 to be produced at a later period than the deci- 
 dua vera, he gives the name membra'na decid'ua 
 sftro'iina, .. 
 
 .Deoidua Protsotsa, Decidua reflexa. 
 
 DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua mem- 
 brana. " . ^ ' 
 
 DECIGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from ded- 
 mus, 'the tenth part,' and yqatina,,' gramme.' 
 The tenth part of the gramme in weight : equal 
 to a little le^s than two grains, French; 1.544 
 Troy. 
 
 DECIMATSTA FEBRIS, from decern, 'teh.' 
 An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every 
 10th day or every 9 days. It is s,upposititious. 
 
 DECL AMA'TIONj-Dec^amaVio, from de, and 
 clamare, ' to cry out.' The art-pf depicting the 
 sentiments by inflections of the voice, accom- 
 panied with gestures, which render thg mean- 
 ing of the speaker more evident, and iniuse'into 
 the minds of the auditors the emotions with 
 which he is impresSedi Declamation may be- 
 come the cause of disease : the ''modification, 
 produced in the pulmonary circulation, — ac- 
 companied by the gre^t. excitement, sometimes 
 experienced, — is' the; cause of many morbid af- 
 fections; particularly of pneumonia, hsemop' 
 tysis, and apoplexy. In moderation, it gives 
 a healthy excitement to the frame. 
 
 DiCLIN, Decline. 
 , DECLINATIO, Decline. 
 
 DECLINE, PecHna'tio, IncUna'tio, Decre- 
 msn'twm, Remis'sio, Parac'm^Sj ParacTna'-sis, 
 (F.) DecHn, from de, and clinare, 'to bend.' 
 That period of a disorder or paroxysm, at whith 
 the symptoms begin to abate in violence. We 
 speak, also, of the decline of life, or of the 
 powers, (F.) Declin de Page, L'age de diclin, 
 when the physipal and moral faculties lose a 
 little of their activity and energy. See Phthisis, 
 and Tabes. 
 
 DAC LIVE, CF.) VecH'vis, from de,,'fTom,' 
 and cHvus, 'declivity.' Inclining downwards. 
 This epithet is applied to the most depending 
 part of a tumour or abscess. 
 
 DECOCTION, Deeoc'tio, from decoquere, ' to 
 boil;' {de and coquere,) Epse'sis, JLpoz'eais, Zesi^, 
 Hepse'sis, AphepsU, (F.) Dicoction. The opera- 
 tion ofboiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for the 
 purpose of extractin'g the parts soluble at that 
 temperature. Decoction, likewise, means, the 
 product of this operation, to which the terms De- 
 coctum, Zem^a, Aphepse'mn, Ap' ozem., Apoz emu, 
 Hepse'ma, Chylus and Bpj«'*ia,,have beSn ap- 
 plied according to ^ancient custom, in oi'der to 
 avoid any confusion between the operation and 
 its product; — as praparatio is used for the act of 
 preparing; praparatum, for the thing prepared. 
 
 Decoction op Aloes, CoMPbnND, Decoctum 
 aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Decoctum Cin- 
 chonas — d. of Barley, Decoctum hordei — d. of 
 Barley, compound, Decoctum hordei composi- 
 
 tum — d. Bitter, Decoctum amarum— d. of Cab- 
 bage tree bark, Decoctum geoflfrEeas inermis— d, 
 of Cassia, Decoctum cassiae — d. of Chamomile, 
 Decoctum anthemidis nobilis— ;d. of Cinchona, 
 Decoctum Cinchonae — d. of Cinchona, com- 
 pound laxative, Decoctum kinae,kinae composi- 
 tum et laxans — d. of Colomba, compound, De- 
 coctum Calumbae compositum— d. of Dandelion, 
 Decoctum Taraxaci^d. of Dogwood, Decoc- 
 tum Cornus Floridae — d. of Elrti bark, Decoc- 
 tum ulmi — d. of Foxglove, D&octum digitalis 
 — d. de Gayae composie, &c., Decoctum de 
 Gruyaco compositum' — d. of Guaiacuin, com- 
 ■pound, Decoctum Guaiaci compositum— d. of 
 Guaiacum,''conipound purgative, Decoctum de 
 Guyaco compositum— d. of Hartshorn, burnt, 
 Mistura cornu Usti — d. of Hellebore, White, De- 
 coctum veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoctnm 
 cetrariae — d. of Liverwort, Decoctum lichenis 
 — d. of Log^ooS, Decoctum haematoxyli — d.of 
 Marshmallows, Decoctum althaese — d. deMaitve 
 composee, Decoctum malvse compositum — d. of 
 Oak bark, Decoctum' qUerciis — d, d'^Orge,De- 
 coctum hordei — d.^d'Orge composee, Decoctum 
 hordei compositum^ — d. of Pipsissewa, Decoc- 
 tum chimaphilas-rd. of .Poppy, Decoctum papa- 
 veris-'— d. of Quince seeds, 'Decoctum cydonisB 
 — d. de Quinquina composee et laSaiive; Decoc- 
 tum kinas kins compositum et laxans — d, de 
 Salsapaneille com^a5ee,^Decoctum sarsaparillb 
 bompositum. — d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sar- 
 saparillae — d. of Sarsaparilla, compound, De- 
 coctum sarsaparillae compositum — d. of Saisa- 
 parilla, false, Decoctum araliae nudicaulis— d. 
 of' Squill, Decoctum scillas^d. of Uva ursi, 
 Decoctum uvae ursi — rd. of the Woods, Decoct 
 turn Guaiaci composituna — d. of 'VSFoody night- 
 shade, Decoctum dulcamaiae — d. of Zittmann, 
 Decoctum Zittmanni. 
 
 DECOCTUM, Decoction— d. Album, Mis- 
 tura cornu usti. 
 
 Decoctum Al'oes Compos'itum, Balsam of 
 Tjife, Coinpound Decoction of Aloes: ' (Ext, 
 glyc, 3^v, potass, suhchrb. ]^ij, aloes spicat. 
 cost. .' myrrhiB contrit. : croci - stigmat. 5a Jj, 
 aqua: Oj, Boil to f. gxij : strain, and add *»«!«. 
 card. c. f. giv. Pkarm. Lt) The gum and ex- 
 tractive are dissolved in this preparation. The 
 alkali is added to take up a little of the resin. 
 The tincture prevents it 'from spoiling.- It is 
 gently cathartic. Dose, f. f ss. to §ij. 
 
 Decoctum A.'umiE'M, D. althcea officina'lii: 
 Decoction of Marsh-mallows, (J".) Deeoctionde 
 Guimauve. (Bad. altHacs sice. 5iv. iivar. 
 passar.'^\],aq^ice,Ovii. Boil to Ov. Pour off 
 the clear liquor. Pharni. E.) It is used as a 
 demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Ama'rum; Bitter Decoction. 
 {Rad. gent, gj, aquce Oijss. Boil fipr a quarter 
 of an hour; add species arruircB gij. Infuse 
 for two hburs and filter, without expressing. 
 Pharm. P.) It is tonic. Dose, f. gss to ,?ij. , 
 
 Decoctum Anthem'idis Nob'ilis, D. Gha- 
 TnaTJie'li ; Decoction of Cham'omile, (Ptor. 
 anthemid. nobil. Jj, s(m. carui giv, aqiice Ov. 
 Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) 
 It contains bitter extractive and essential oil, 
 dissolved invsfater. It is u^ed, occasionally, as 
 a vehicle for tonic powders, pills, &c., and m 
 fomentations and glysters; but for the last pur- 
 pose, warm water is equally efficacious. The 
 Dublin college has a compiiund decoction. 
 
 Decoctum ARA'LiiE Nudigau'lis; Decoction 
 
BECOCTUM CASSIA 
 
 255 
 
 DECOCTUM KIN^ 
 
 0/ False Sarsaparil'la. {Aralia nudicaul.%y], 
 aqua Oviij. Digesi for faur hours,' and then 
 boil to four pints: press out ani'strain the de- 
 coction. Former Ph. XT. S.) It is used as a 
 stoHiaehic, but it is an unnecessary and labo- 
 ryjus preparation. 
 
 DiCocTUM Cassia; Decoction, of Cassia. 
 (Cassice puljii gij, aguse Oij. Boil for a few 
 minutes, filter without expressionj and add 
 syrup. «ioter.'3], or manna pur. 5ij. {Pharm. 
 P.) It is laxative, in the dose of |tj. 
 
 Decoctum Cetra'ri*;, Decoction of leelanct 
 Moss. (Cetrar. ,^ss, aquie Oiss. Boil td a 
 pint, and strain with compression. Ph. XT. S.) 
 Dose, f. giv, to Oss and more. 
 
 Decoctum Cham^meli, Decoctuni' anthe- 
 midis nobilis. 
 
 Decocjum' Chimaph'ilJe, Decoction of Pip- 
 sis'sema. (Chimaph. contus. _^j, aquse Oiss. 
 Boil to a pin^ and strain. Pharm. U. S.) 
 Dose, f. giss. , 
 
 Decootum Cincho'n^, Decoctum Cinchonse 
 lancifo'lise, D. Cor'tieis Cinchonse ; Decoction 
 ■of Cinchona, D. of Bark, Decoctum Kina 
 Kinec. (^Cinehbn. cort. contus. gj, aqum Oj, 
 Boil for ten minutes, in a slightly covered ves- 
 sjel, and strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) It' 
 contains qT:y^nia and resinous extractive, dis- 
 solved in water. Long coction oxygenates 
 and precipitates the extractive. It can be given 
 where the powder does not fsit easy, &c. Dose, 
 f- .Ij to giv. 
 
 Decoctum Colom'b^ Compos'itum; Com- 
 pound Decoction if Colomha. {Colomh. con- 
 tus., quassia, aa ^\], cort. aurant. 3j, rhej 
 P^y- 9j, potassae carbonat. gss. aqua gxx. 
 Boil to a pint, and add tinct. lavand. f.gss. 
 Former Ph. U. S.) Given as a tonic, but not 
 worthy an officinal station. ' 
 
 Decoctum Commune pro Cltstere, D. 
 malvas eomposituni — d. Corilu cervini, Mistura 
 cornu nsti. 
 
 DECoctuM CoRNUs FLOR'iDiE, Dccoction of 
 Dogy>ood. {Cornus Florid, cont. §j, xcquse Oj; 
 Boil for ten minutes jn a covered vessel, and 
 strain while hot. Pharm. U.S.) D,osef.|iss. 
 
 Decoctum CYDo'Nik, Mucila'go Sem^inis 
 Cydo'nii Mali, M. Sem^inum Cydonio'rum; 
 Decoction or Mu'dlage of Quince seeds. {Cy- 
 donia sem. ^ij. laquiB Oj. ^ Boil for ten minutes 
 over a gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It 
 is merely a solution of mucilage in water, and 
 is used as a demulcent. 
 
 Decoctum Daphnes Meze'kei, Decoctum 
 Meze'rei; Decoetion of Mezereon. {Cort. rad. 
 ddphn. mezerei, ^ij, rod. glycyrrh. cont. .^ss, 
 aqua Qiij. Boil over a gentle fire to Oij, 'and 
 strain.) The acrimony of the mezereon and 
 the saccharine mucilage of the liquorice foot 
 are imparted to the water; It is somewhar 
 stimulant, and' has been used- in secondary 
 syphilis; butis devoid of power. Dose f. |iij 
 to'.^vj., 
 
 Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D.^druaiaci com- 
 pciraitum — d. pro Enemate, D. malvas "compo- 
 situm. 
 
 Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of fox- 
 glove. (Fol. digit, sice. ,:^j, aquce q. s. ut cd- 
 lentur f. .^viij. Let the- liquor begin to boil 
 over a slow fire, and then remove it. Digest 
 for fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. D.) It 
 possesses the properties of the plant. Do^e, f. 
 3ij to 3iij. 
 
 'DECocTuti'DvLCA.Mi.'nMfDecoctionof Woody 
 Nightshade. {Dulcamara cont. § j. a^uct Oiss. 
 Boil to Oj. and strain. Pharm. XT. S.) This 
 decoction has beell considered diuretic and dia- 
 phoretic, and has been administere~d extensively 
 in skin diseases. It is probably devoid Of effi- 
 cacy. 
 
 Decoctum pro Fomento, D. papaveris. 
 
 Decoctum Geoffhjj'jE Inerm'is; Decoction 
 of Cabbage-Tree Bark..' {Cortr geoffr. inermis 
 in pulv. §j. aquai Oij. Boil over a slow fire to 
 a pint, and strain. Pharm. E.) It is pos- 
 s'essed of anthelmintic, purgative, and narc,otic 
 properties, and has been chiefly used for the 
 first of these purposes. Dose, to children, f. 
 gij — ;to adults, f. gss to Sij. 
 , Decoctum Guai'aci Compos'itum, ,2). Gua- 
 iaci officinalis compos'itutn, Decoctum Dlgno'- 
 vum, D. de Guyaco compos'itum,'' D. sudoriji- 
 cum, D. diaphoret'icum ; Compound decoction 
 of Gii-aiacum, Decoction of the- Woods. (^Dign, 
 gnaiac'l fasur §iij, fruct. sice, vitis iiinifer. gij, 
 rod. lauri sassafr. concis., rod. -glycyrrh. aa. 
 ^i,aqua! Ox. Boil the' Guaiacuffl and rajsins 
 of er a slow fii;e to Ov : adding the roots towards 
 the end, then strain. Pharm. F.) It is pos- 
 sessed of stimulant properties, and has been 
 given in syphilitic, cutaneous, and rheumatic 
 affections. ' The resin of the guaiacum is, how- 
 ever, insoluble in water, so that the giiaiac wood 
 in it cannot be supposed to possess much, if any, 
 effect. The Parisian Codex has a 
 
 Decoctum de Gutaco Comp6s'itum et Pur- 
 eANS^(F.) D'ecoctionde Gayao-Com.posee et pur- 
 gative^ Compound purgative Decoctio7i of Gua- 
 iacum. {Idgn.gtiaiac. rasp., rai^. sarsnp. aa ^j, 
 potass, carbohat. gr. xxv. Macerate for twelve 
 hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until 
 there remain Oiij. Then infuse in it fol. sinnx 
 jij, rhej. J^j, lign. sassafr., glycyrrh. rad, aa 
 3ij, sem^. coriand. gj. Strain gently, suffer it 
 to settle, and pour off the plear supernatant 
 liquor. The title suffidently indicates the pro- 
 perties of the conjposition. 
 
 Decoctum H^EMAtox'YLi, Decoction of Log- 
 wood. (H'ffiOTfflioa;^?. rasur. §j, O9>«<s0ij. Boil 
 to a pint,,and strain. Pharm. XT. S.) 
 
 Decoctum Hellebori Albi,. D., veratri — d. 
 Kinae kinae; D. Cinchonas. 
 
 Decoctum Hor'dei, Decoctum Hordei Dia'- 
 tichi, Ptis'ana Hippocrat'ica, Tipsa'ria or Tap- 
 isa'ria^ Aqua Hoidca^ta, Hydrocri'thi, Barley 
 Water', Decoc'tion of Barley', (F.) Decoction 
 d'Prge, Tisane Commune. {Ho'rd. gij, Aqua 
 Oivss. Wash the barley well, boil for a few 
 minutes in water Oss : strain this, and throw it 
 away, and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to 
 Oij, and strain- Pharm. L.) It is nutritive 
 and detaulcent, and is chiefly used as a common 
 drink, apd in glysters. 
 
 . Decoc'tum Hordei Cojipos'itum, Decoctum 
 pectora'H, Ptisana c'ommu.'nis ; CoTripoutid De- 
 coction of Barley, (F.) Dicoction d'Orge com- 
 posee. {Decoct, hord. Oij, cancce fruct . concis. 
 '^i], glycyrrh. rad. concis. et contus. ,^ss, uva- 
 rnm pass, demptis aciniTs. ,^ij, aquse Oj. Boil 
 to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It has similar 
 properties to the last. 
 
 "■ Decoctum Kinje Kin;e Compos'itUm et 
 Laxans, Decoction de quinquina composee et 
 laxative; Compound Idx'ative decoction of Cin- 
 chona. {Cort. ciAchon.^j,aqtiai'Oii. Boil for 
 a Quarter of an hour, remove it from the fire ; 
 
DECOCTUM LICHENIS 
 
 356 
 
 DECREPITUDE 
 
 then infuse in it for half an ho\ii,fol. sennse, 
 sodcB sulph. aa gij, add syrup, de senna, f. §j.) 
 Its title indicates its properties. , 
 
 Decoctxjm LicSk'nis,' Decoctum. Jjicke'nis 
 Islan'dici; Decoctiont of Zdv'erwort. (^Xdcken 
 _5j, aqmB Oiss. Boil to a pint, aud. strain. 
 Fharm. L.) It" consists of bitter eictractive 
 and fecula, dissolved in water, and -its operation 
 is tonic and demulcent. Dose, f. ,^j to ^iv. 
 It is ^Isb nutrient, but hardly worthy of the 
 rank of an officinal preparation. 
 
 Decoctum Lignoeum, D. Guaiacicompositum. 
 
 Decoctum Malt^ Compos'itum, Decbctwm 
 pro enem'atSf Decoctwm coTnmvu-'n^ pro clyste^ri; 
 Compound Decoetionof Mallow, (i.) Decoction 
 de Mauve eornposee. (^Malvii exsicc. ,^i, anthe- 
 mid. fior. exsicc. 5 ss, a jwffi Oj . Boil for Mteen 
 minutes, and strain.) It consists of bitter ex- 
 tractive, and mucilage in water, and is chiefly 
 used for clysters and fomentations. It, is un- 
 worthy a place in thd pharnaacopceias. 
 . Decoctum Mezerei, D. daphnis mezerei-:— 
 d. Pectorale, D. hordei compositum. 
 
 Decoctum PAPAv'Eiti&, Deeoc'tum pro Fo- 
 men'tOy Fotus coTmmi'nis ;^ Decoction- of Foppqf. 
 (Fapav. somnif. capsMl. concis. §iv, aqzue Oiv. 
 Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Fhqrm. i>) 
 It contains the narcptic principle of the poppy, 
 and mucilage in' water : is anodyne and emol- 
 lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in 
 ,, painful swellings, ulcers, &e. , - 1 
 
 Decoctum Polygaue Senegje, D.Senegse^. 
 
 Decoctum QuercOs Albje, D. Qiiercus Ro'- 
 horis ; Decoction of White Oak Bark. {Querciis 
 cart, ^j^aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. 
 Fharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used 4s 
 such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine £e- 
 morrhagey&c, as well as in the form of fomen- 
 tation to unhealthy ulcers. , 
 
 Decoctum SARSAPAEiL'La;, D. Smi'lacis Sar- 
 saparillx; Decoction of Sdrsaparilla. ■ {Sarsa- 
 parill. rod. concis. ,^iv. aq. fervent'. Oiv. Mace- 
 rate for four hours, near the fire, in r. lightly 
 covered vessel: theii bruise the root; macerate 
 again for two hours; thenboil to Oij, and strain. 
 Fharm. L.) It contains bitter extractive, and 
 mucilage. in water; is demulcent, and- has been 
 used, although it is doubtful withwhat efficacy, 
 in the sequelje of syphilis. DoSe, f. Jiv. to Oss. 
 
 Decoctum SAESAPARii'i-.ffi Compos'itum; 
 Compoujid Decoction of Sar^saparil'la, (F.) Dt- 
 coction de Salsapar^eille Composee. (Sarsapa- 
 rill. concis. etcontus. _^vj. Safeafr. Cort. con- 
 cis. jX«^?z. Guaiac. rasur.; Had. Glycyrrkiz. 
 contus. aa ,^j.' Mezerei, concis. i^iij; A,qua!„ 
 Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and stram. Fharm. 
 U. S.) This is considered to be possessed of 
 analogous properties to the celebrated Lisbon 
 Diet-Drink, Decoc'tum Lusitan'icum, which it 
 resembles in composition. 
 
 Decoctum Soill/e; .Decoction of Squill. 
 (Scillce ^ni,ju?iiper, %iv, Senega snake-root, ^ iij, 
 water Oiv. Boil till one half the liquor is con- 
 sumed; strain, and add spirit of nitrous ether, 
 f. ^iv. Farmer Fharm,. XJ. S.) Dosei f. gss. 
 
 Decoctum Sen'eb'm, D. F.olyg'ala Senegas; 
 Decoction of Senega. . (Had. Seneg. ^j, aquae 
 Oiss. Boil to Oj. and strain. Fharm. L.) It 
 is reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimu- 
 lant, and' has, been given in 'droX)sy, rheuma- 
 tism, &C. ^ 11 ' 
 
 Decoctum Smilacis SarsapaeillsLjID. sarsa- 
 parillte — d. Sudorificum,D.Guaiaci compositujn. 
 
 Decoctum lAnA^'J^oi, Decoction of Dande- 
 lion. (Taraxac. contus. ,^ijj aqua Oij. Boil 
 to a pint and strain. Phr U. S.) Do^e, f. giss, 
 
 Decoctum Ulmi, D. TXlmi Campes'tris ; De- 
 coition of Elm Bark. { Ulmi cort. recent, cont, 
 ^iv. aquae Oiv. Boil to Oij, and strain. Fharm. 
 L.) It is a reputed diuretic j^and has been used 
 in lepra and herpes; but, probably, has no effi- 
 cacy. Dose^ f. ^iv. to Oss. 
 
 D^eooctum Uv.je Ursi, Decoction of'uva ursi, 
 (Uvae ursi, gj, aquse f. §xx. Boil to a pint and 
 5train.--Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. gissj| 
 
 DecootuM' Vera'^tei, Decoctum Selleb'ori 
 albi; Decoction of -White Hellebore, ^erairi 
 rad. cont. ^j, aquas Oij, spir. red. f. _^ij. Boil 
 the wat«ry decoction to Ojj and, when. it is 
 cold, add the spirit. Fharm. L.) It is stimu- 
 lant, acrid, and cathartic ; but is used only ex- 
 ternally. It is a useful wash in tinea capitis, 
 psora, &c. Should it excite intense paiii on 
 being applied, it mu^t be diluted. 
 
 Decoc'tum Zittman'ni, Ziti'mann's Decoc- 
 tion. A most absurd farrago, extolled by The- 
 den in venereal diseases, the formula for which, 
 according to. Jourdan, " sonle blockheads have 
 lately reprodilcBd ainong us as a novelty." It 
 is composed- of sarsaparilla, pulvis stpptieiis, 
 calomel and cinnabar.,'hoileA in water with ani- 
 seed, fenjiel seed,'^s.iid liquorice root. A stronger 
 and a weaker decoction were directed b'y Zitt- 
 mann. Formulae for its preparation are con- 
 tained in Jourdan's Pharmacopoeia Universalis; 
 and in Lincke's V^oUstandiges Recept-Tasch- 
 enbuch. Leipz., 1841 . 
 
 DlCOLLEMENT, (F.) Degluiina'tio, Re- 
 glutina'tio, (from de and caller, 'io glue.') The 
 state of an organ that is separated from 'the 
 surrounding parts, owing to destruction of the 
 cellular membrane which united them. The 
 skin is decollee, i. e. separated from the subja- 
 cent parts, by a burn, subcutaneous abscess, &c. 
 
 D&COLLEMENT DU FLACEWTA is 
 the separation or detachment of the. whole, or 
 a part of the placenta from the innersurface of 
 the uterus. Decqllement, from de, 'from,' and 
 collum, ' the heck,' obtrunca'tio, also means the 
 separation of the head of the foetus frdm the 
 trunk, the latter remaining in the uterus. 
 
 DEGOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Discelo- 
 ra'tio, from de, ' from,' anfl colorare, ' to colour.' 
 Loss of the natural colour. Farachro'sis — 
 Devoid of colour — Achroma'sia. 
 
 DECOMFOSJtE, (F.) from de, 'from,' and 
 comporiercj ' to compose.' Decompo'sed, Dis- 
 solu'tus. An epithet, applied to the face When 
 extensively changed in its expression and co- 
 lour; as in thepholeric or moribund. 
 , DECORTICA'TION, from de, 'from,' and 
 cortex, ' bark.? An operation, which consists in 
 separating the bark from roots, stalks, &c. 
 
 Ti'ECOS'TlS, Aplezi'ros, from (^s, ■ priv.j and 
 costa, 'a rib.' One who has'no rilra.' 
 
 DECREMENTUM, Decline. 
 
 T)ECREPTTUDE, Decrepitu'do, JStas de- 
 crepiita, .Xfl'tiTTia seiiec'tus, Senep'ta deerep'ita 
 seu extre'ma seu summa sen ul'tima, from de- 
 crepittis, (.de, andcrepare, 'to creak,') 'very 
 old.' The last period of old age, and of human 
 life; which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth 
 year. It may, however, be accelerated or pro- 
 tracted. Its character consists in the progres- 
 sive series of phenomena which announce the 
 approaching extinction of life. 
 
DECRETORII DIES 
 
 257 
 
 DEGLUTITION 
 
 DECRETORII DIES, Critical days. 
 
 DECU'BITUS, from decumbere, {de, and 
 cnm'here, 'to lie,') ' to lie down.' Cuba'tio. 
 Lying down, Assjiming the horizontal pos- 
 ture, cu'bitus sujd'nus. (F.) Coueher, Mor& 
 decubitiis, ' at bed time.' The French say — De- 
 inoitus horizontal, sur le dos, sur le CQti, for, 
 lying in the horizontal posture, on the back or 
 side. .'■■.' 
 
 DECURTA'TUS, /Kswugos, or ^i«o«9it(o«, 
 froi^ de, and curtus, ' short,' ' shortened, c'ur- 
 tailed,' ' running to a point.' When applied to 
 the pulse, it signifies a^ progressive diminution 
 in the strength of the arterial pulsatidns, wliich, 
 at last, cease. If the pulsations retuin and 
 gradually acquire all their strength, it is called 
 Pulsus decurta'tus^ redp'tocus* — Galen. 
 
 DECUSSA'TIOiV, Decussa'Ho, Chias'mos, 
 Irtcrucia'tloy Intersec'tio, Intricatu'ra, from de- 
 cussis, that is, decern asses; also, the figure of 
 the letter X. Union in the shape of an X or 
 cross. Anatomists use this term chiefly in the 
 case of the nerves — as the decussation of the 
 optic nerves, which cross each other within the 
 cranium. 
 
 DECUSSO'RIUM, from deci^io, (de and 
 qnntio,) ' I shake down.' An instrument used, 
 by the ancients, for depressing the dura mater, 
 and facilitating tie exit of substances effused 
 on or under that membrane. It is'described by 
 Scultetus, Pare, &c. See Meniilgophylax. , 
 
 D&DAIGNBUR, Rectus superior oculi. 
 
 DEDOLA'TION, Dedola'tio, froni dedolare, 
 {de, and dolare,) ' to cut and hew with an axe.' 
 This word has been used by surgeons to ex- 
 press the action by vsrhich a cutting instrument 
 divides obliquely any part of the body, arid 
 produces a wound with loss of substance". It 
 is commonly on the head, that wounds by de- 
 dolation are observed.. WJien there was a com- 
 plete separation of a portion of the bone of the 
 cranium, the ancients called it Aposcepatnis'- 
 'fnus. ~ ' . 
 
 DEERBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
 DEERFOOD, Braseniajiydropeltis. 
 
 D^FAILLANCE, Syncope. 
 
 DEFECATION, -De/aca«o, from de, and 
 faqes, ' excretnents.' The act by which the 
 excrement is extruded from the body . Cata'tio^ 
 Excre'tio alvi, E, alvi'na, E./cepum alvinaWuvif 
 Dejec'tio alvi, Seces'sio, Expul'sio vel Ejec'r 
 tio fxcwm, Apago'gS, Hypockore'sis, Ecchoxe'- 
 sis; Ecc.iipro'sis,'Eges'tio. The faeces generally 
 accumulate in the colon, being prevented by the 
 annulus at the top of th&irectum from descend- 
 ing freely into that intestine. In producing 
 evacuations, therefore, in obstinate constipa- 
 tion, it is well, by means of a long tube, to throw 
 the injection up into the colon, as suggested by 
 Dr. OJBeiine. 
 
 In Pharmacy, defecation means the separa- 
 tion of any substance from. a liquid in which it 
 may be suspended. See Clarification. 
 
 DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope. 
 
 DEFECTUS LOQUEL^, Aphonia-i-d. Ve- 
 neris, Anaphrodisia. 
 
 DEFENSI'VUM, from defendere, {de, arid 
 fendere,) ' to defend.' A preservative or' de- 
 fence. The old surgeons gave this name to 
 different local applications, made to diseased 
 parts, for the purpose of guarding them from 
 the impression of extraneous bodies, and parti- 
 cularly from the contact of air. 
 
 DEF'ERENS, from defero, {de, and ferre,) 
 ' I bear away,' ' I transport.' 
 
 Deferens, Vas, Ductus seu Cana'Hs de- 
 ferens, Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit spermatique. 
 Conduit deferent, is the excretory canal of the 
 sperm, which arises from the epididymis, de- 
 scribes numerous convolutions, and with the 
 vessels and nerves of the testicle concurs in 
 the formation of the spermatic chord, enters 
 the abdominal ring, and terminates in the eja- 
 culatory duct.. • 
 
 DEFIGURATIO, Deformation. 
 
 DEFLECTENS, Derivative. 
 
 DEFLECTIO,- Derivation. 
 
 DEFLORATION, Stuprum. 
 
 Defloka'tion, Deflora'tio, Devirgina'tio, 
 Virgin'itas deflora'ta, froip defloj escere, {de, and 
 florescere,).' to shed flowers.' The act of de- 
 priving a female of her virginity. Inspection 
 of the parts is the chief criterionof defloration 
 hjtvingbeen forciTbly accomplished; yet inquiry 
 must be made, whether the injury may not 
 have been caused by another body than the 
 male organ. , Recent defloration i^ infinitely 
 more easy of detectiofi than where some time 
 has elapsed. 
 
 DEFLUVIUM, AporriioBa— d. Piloruta, Alo- 
 pecia. , 
 
 DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Diarrhcea—d. Catarr 
 rhaH«, Influenza. 
 
 DEFLUXTON, Deflux'io, Deflux'us, Catar'- 
 rhysis, Hypo/rhysis, Catar'rhus. A falling 
 down of bumours from a superior to an inferior 
 part. It is sometimes used synonymously with 
 inflammation. * 
 
 DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery. 
 
 DEFORMA'TION, Deforma'tio, Cacomor'- 
 phia, Cacomorpho'sis, Dysmor'phi, Dysmor'- 
 phia, Dysmorpho'sis, Deform'itas, Dejigura'tio, 
 Disfigura'tion, Deform'ity, Inform'itas, (F.) 
 Difformite, from de, and forma. Morbid alte- 
 ration in the form of some part ofjthe body, 
 as of the head, pelvis, spine, &c. A deformity 
 may be natural or accidental. 
 
 DEFRU'TUM, yin ciiit, from defrutare, ' to 
 boil new wine.' Grape must, boiled down to 
 one half and used as a sweetmeat. — Plin. Colu- 
 mella Isidor. See Rob. 
 
 DEFUSIO, Decantation. ^ , -- 
 
 DEGENERATIO, Defeneration— d. Adipo- 
 sa Cordis, Steatosis cordis. ■ 
 
 DEGENERA'TION, Pegenera'tio, Notheu'- 
 sis, Nathi'a, from d'egener, ' unlike one's ances- 
 tors,' {de, and genus, 'family,') Degen'eracy, 
 (F.) Abatardissement. A change for the worse 
 in the intimate composition of the solids or 
 fluids of the body. In pathological anatomy, 
 degeneration means the change which occurs in 
 the structure of an organ, when transfornied 
 into a matter essentially morbid ; as a cancerr 
 ous, or tubercular, degeneration. 
 
 Degenerescence is, by the French patholo- 
 gists, employed synonymously with Degenera- 
 tion. 
 
 DiGiNiRES CENCE, Degeneration— <i. 
 Graisseuse du Foie, Adiposis hepatica — d. Gra- 
 nulee du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the 
 — d. Noire, Melanosis. . ■ , ' 
 
 DEGLUTINATIO, Decollement. 
 
 DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition— d. Difficilis, 
 Dysphagia — d. Impedita,- Dysphagia — d. Lsesa, 
 Dysphagia.' 
 
 DEGLUTIT'TON, Deglutif'io, Catap'osis, 
 
DEGMUS 
 
 358 
 
 DELIRIUM 
 
 from de and glutire, 'to swallow.' The act by 
 which substances are passed from tSie^mouth' 
 into the stomach, through the pharynx and oeso- 
 phagus. It is one of a complicated character, 
 and requires the aid of a considerable number 
 of muscles ; the first steps being voluntary, the 
 remainder executed- under ^pinal.-and involun- 
 tary nervous influence. ' ' 
 
 DEGMUS, Dexis, Morsiis: (F.) Morsure, — 
 a bite in general, from Sany'oi,'! bite.' A 
 gnawing sensation about the upper orifice of .the 
 stomach, which was once attributed to acrimony 
 of the liquids contained in that viscus. 
 
 DlGORGEMENtj Disgorgement. 
 
 i)£ffOZ7r, Disgust. 
 
 DEGREE', froni de'gre, originally frbm gra- 
 dus, 'a step.' GaleH used this expression to 
 indicate the qualities of certain drugs. Both 
 he ,and his school admitted cold, ■warm, moist, 
 arid dry medicines, and four different ' degrees ' 
 of each of those qualities. Thus, Apnim was 
 warm in the first degree, Agrimony in the se^ 
 cond, Roche Alum in the thirdj and Garlic in 
 the /oarM. Bedegar was cold in the first, the 
 flower of the .Pomegranate in the second, the 
 Sempervivum in the third, Opiuih in the fourth, 
 &c. The French use the term degre to indi- 
 cate, 1. The intensity of an affection: as Sburn 
 of ^e first, second, third degree, &c. 2. The 
 particular stage of an incurable disease, as the 
 third degree of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, 
 Sec. 
 
 DEGUSTA'TION, DegUsta'tio, fxom.de, and 
 giistare, 'to taste.' ,. G-ustation. The apprecia- 
 tion of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. 
 
 DEICTICOS, Index. 
 
 DEIRONCUS, Pronchocele. ' 
 
 DEJECTEDNESS,' Depression. 
 
 DEJECTIO ALVI, Defecation— d. Alvina, 
 Excrement. 
 
 DEJECTION, from dejicere, dejectum, (de, 
 waijacere,) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Suhduc'- 
 tio, Hypago'gi, Sypochore'sis, Hypecchore'sis, 
 Apop'atus, Hypop'atus,-IIypopk'ora. The ex- 
 pulsion of the faeces ; — Ejec'iio, Eges'tio. Also, 
 a faseal discharge or stool,-^generally, however, 
 with alvine prefixed,^as . an alvine Dejection, 
 Alms vir'idis,Dejectio alvi'na. Also, depres- 
 sion of spirits. ■ ' ' , 
 
 DEJECTIONES NIGR^, Melana. , 
 
 DEJECTORIUM, Cathartic. 
 
 DELACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
 
 DELACHRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus. 
 
 DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. 
 
 DELAPSUS, Prolapsus— d. Palpebrae, Ble- 
 phatoptosis. 
 
 DELATIO, Indication. 
 
 D&LAYANTS, Diluentia. 
 
 DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila-- 
 tory, CoUey's. 
 
 DELETE'RIOUS, Delete'rim, Pernicio'stts, 
 (F.) Per-nicieux, from 3i;\fiii, 'I injure.' -That 
 which produces destructive disorder in the ex- 
 ercise and harmony of the functions. 
 
 DELETERIUM, Poison. , 
 
 DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, See 
 
 DELIGA'TION, Deliga'tio, EjU'dei'sis, De- 
 ligatu'ra, Vul'nerti/m deligc^tio, Easda'rwm A'p- 
 plicd'tio, Plagc^ ruTYi Vinctu'ra^Eiscia'tio, from 
 deligitre, (de, and ligo,) 'to bind.' The deli- 
 gation of wounds formerly embraced the appli- 
 cation of apparatus, dressings, &c-, — the deno- 
 
 mination Deiiga'tor Plaga'rttm being S3rnony- 
 mous with Medicus Vulnera'rdus, anii in deri- 
 vation, with thfe Wundarzt, ' wound physiw 
 cian ' or surgeon, of the Germans. Deligation 
 is hardly ever used now as an English word. 
 In France, it is applied to the regular and me- 
 thodical application of bandages,.and to the li- 
 gature of arteries. ^ 
 
 .DELIGATURAi Deligation. 
 
 DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from dt- 
 Uquescef-e, ide, and liquescere,) ' to melt,' ^to 
 dissolve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by 
 attracting moisture' from the air. The deli- 
 quescent salts require tobe kept in bottles, well 
 stopped. Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, 
 and carbonate of potassa, are examples of such 
 salts . f he ancient chemists expressed the con- 
 dition of a body, which had become liquid in 
 this manner, by the word l>eliquium. 
 
 DELIQUIUMANIMI, Syncope.- 
 . DELIRANS, Delirious. 
 . DihlRANI, Delirious. -t. 
 
 DELIRATIO, Delirium— d. Senum, see De- 
 mentia. * . ' 
 
 DiLIRE, Delirium— (?. Crapvlmx, Deliri- 
 um tremens — d. Tremhlamt, Delirium tremens. 
 
 DELIRIA, Insanity. 
 
 DELip'IOUS. Same etymon as Delieicm. 
 Deli'rans, Deli'rus, Excerebra'tus.-Ailock'o'is, 
 Alie'nns, Parale'rus, raving. ' (F.) DMiyant. 
 One who is in a state of delirium. That which 
 is attended by delirium. Th^.Frenchusg the 
 term Fih'bre i pemicieuse delirante for a febrile 
 intermittent, in which delirium is the predomi- 
 nant symptom. 
 
 DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,' and Kra,'a 
 ridge between two furrows :' Farac'ope, Phte- 
 ni'tis, Phledoni' aj Desipi^n'tia, Aphros'ynl, 
 Paralere'Tna, Paralere'sis, Paralog"ia, Phan- 
 ta'sia, ' Paraphros'ynt, Emo'tio, Leros, Pa- 
 rana'a, Allopk'asis, Delirqltio, (F.) Delire, 
 £garentent d'esprit, &c.. Transport, Idedsyn- 
 (physic. Straying from the rules of reason; 
 wandering of the mind. Hippocrates used the, 
 word f^avt!t,.mania, for delirium, sine febre, 
 and the Greek words given above for delirium 
 cumfeire. In different authors, also, we find 
 the words, Paraph'ora, Paraph'rotes, Para- 
 yhrene'sis, Paraphrert'ia, Phrene'sisj Phrem- 
 ti'asis,\kc., for different/kinds of delirium. De- 
 lirium is usually symptomatic. 
 
 Delirium EbRiositatis, D^ tremens— d. Epi- 
 leptic, see. Epilepsy — d. Furiosum, Mania— d. 
 MiEiniacum, Mania— d. Potatorum^ D. tremens 
 ^-d. Tremifaciens, D. tremens. 
 , Delieiitm Senile ; see Dementia. 
 
 Delieium Tremens, Ma'nia a Potti, CEno- 
 'ma'nia,])/£a'hia e tetn/ule^tid, D. potato'rum,!). 
 ebriosita'tis, D. tremifa'ci'ens, J>.vig"ilms, 
 Erethis'mns ehrioso'rum, Dipsoma'nia, Menvn- 
 gi'tis seu Phreni'tis potato'rum, 'Tromomc^nia, 
 TromoparancB^a, Potoparance'a,, Potd^foimpara- 
 nce'a, (F.) Encephalopathie crapideuse, Delire 
 tremblant, D . crapulettx, PoUe des 'Ivrognes. A 
 state of delirium and agitation, peculiar to those 
 , addicted to spirituous liquors, with great sleep- 
 lessness. It is preceded by indisposition, las- 
 situde, watchfulness, headache, and anorexia, 
 the delirium and tremors most commonly re- 
 curring in paroxysms. It is caused by the ha- 
 bitual and intemperate use of ardent spirits or of 
 opium or tobacco ; or rather by abandoning them 
 after prolonged use. The treatment is various. 
 
DELIRUS 
 
 259 
 
 DEMULCENTS 
 
 Many have regarded stimulants, with large 
 doses of opium to induce rest, to he indispensa- 
 ble. It is certain, hgwever, that the expectant 
 system will often, if not generally, he success- 
 ful; and, it is probable; a cure effected in this 
 m^ner will be more permanent than when pro- 
 duced by excitants. 
 
 DELIRUS, Delirious. 
 
 DELITESCENCE, See Repercussion. , 
 
 DELITESCENTIAj Repercussion. " 
 
 D£Liy:RANCE,(Fl) An expression, whicli, 
 in common language, signifies the action of de- 
 livering, lihera'tio, but in the practice of ob- 
 stetrics, means the extrusion of the secundines, 
 either spontaneously or by the efforts of art. 
 This completion qf delivery — partus secundc^- 
 rius, se^undina'ruvn expul'sio vel extrac'tio, is 
 produced by the same laws as the expulsion of 
 the foetus. Sometimes, the after-birth follows 
 the child immediately ; at others, it is retained ; 
 and requires manual interference to remove it. 
 The following are the chief cases in which this 
 becomes necessary. 1 . Intimate adhesioii be- 
 tween the placenta and paries of the uterus. 
 2. Spasmpdic contraction of the Orifice of the 
 uterus.. 3. Hour-glass contraction. 4. Torpor 
 or hemorrhage after the expulsion of the child, 
 and,— 5. Insertion of the placenta at the orifice 
 of the uterus. 
 
 DELIVERY, FALSE, False water. 
 
 D&LIVRE, Secundines. • 
 
 DELOCATIO, Luxatio. 
 
 DELPHUST'IUM, ftom J.a^ic, or itX<fa, 'a 
 dolphin,', which the flowers resemble. Jt>. con- 
 sol'ida, Calckrap'pa, Consol'ida Rega'Us, 
 Branching Larkspur, Staggerupeed. Family 
 Ranunculaceas. Ssx. Syst. Polyandria Trigy- 
 nia. (Fj.) Pied d'aloiiette des aha/mps. It has 
 been employed as a vermifuge. The flowers have 
 been used in ophthalmia, and the seeds have 
 the same property as those of Stavesacre. 
 • Delphinium Cpnsolida, Delphinium. , 
 
 Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. The ^syster 
 matic name of the Staves'acre, Staphisagria, 
 PhtheirodtanuTll, Phthei'rium, Staphis, Pedic- 
 ■ala'ria, (F'.) Staphisaigre, Herhe aux Poux, 
 DauphiiiMe, The seeds have a disagreeable 
 smell; a nauseous, bitterish, hot taste; and are 
 cathartic'; emetic, and vermifuge; Awing, how- 
 ever, to the violence of their operation, they 
 are seldom given internaTly, and are, chiefly 
 used in powder, mixed with hair powder^ to 
 destroy lice.: The active principle'of this plant 
 has been separated, and received- the name^De/- 
 phin'ia^ It is extremely acrid, and has been 
 recently used, like veratria, in tic douloureux, 
 paralysis and rheumatism. It is used in the 
 form of ointment, or in solution in alcohol, (gr. 
 X to XXX, or more, to 3],) applied externally. 
 
 DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. 
 
 DELTA, Vulva. 
 
 DELtlFORMIS, Deltoid. ■ 
 
 DELTOID, BeltoVdis, Delto'des, Deltpidems,' 
 Ddtiform'is, from the Greek capital letter A, 
 f^aAra, and ekJoc, ' resemblance.' Saus-acromio- 
 clavi-kti-meral of Dumas ; sus-acroTnio-kumeral 
 of Chaussier. A triangular muscle forming the 
 fleshy part of the shoulder, and covering the 
 shoulder-joint. It extends from the outer third 
 of the clavicle, from the acromion and spine of 
 the scapula, to near the middle and outer part 
 of the OS humeri, where it is inserted by means 
 of a strong tendon. This muscle raises the arm 
 
 directly upwards, when the shoulder is fixed 
 and carries it anteriorly or posteriorly, accord 
 ing to the direction of the fibres, which are 
 thrown into action. If the arm be renderec 
 immovable, the deltoid acts inversely and de- 
 presses the shoulder. 
 
 DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Pros- 
 per Alpinus to u celebrated disease, which, hi 
 says, is proper to Egypt, He considers it to b< 
 inflammation of the brain ; but others describe 
 it as a pernicious intermittent. 
 • DAMANGEAISON, Itthing. 
 
 DEMANUS, Acheir. • 
 
 DiMENCE, Dementia— (i. Inn'ee, Idiotism 
 
 DEMEN'TIA, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas, Ana'a 
 Ecn<£^a, Paranat'a, Mo'ria' demens, Noasthe- 
 ni'a; Incohe-rency, Imbecil'ity, Incohe'r^nt In- 
 sanity; from de, 'from,' or 'out of,' and mena. 
 ' mind,' or ' reason.' (^.)Dermnce,Betise. Ii 
 common' parlance, and even in legal language 
 this word is synonymous with insanity. Phy- 
 sicians, however, have applied it to those case! 
 of unsound mind which are characterized by i 
 tqfal loss of the faculty of thought, or by sucl 
 an imbecility of intellect that the ideas are ex- 
 tremely incoherent, ther« being at the sam( 
 time a total loss of the power of reasoning 
 Mania and melancholia ar^ apt to end in this, i 
 possible, more deplorable state. Dotage ys th< 
 Dementia of the aged — Mo'ria dimens lere'ma 
 Lem'ma, Lbre'sis, Lerus,* Delira'tio- Senum 
 Amen'tia Seni'Us, Puerilitas, Delir'ium Seni'lS 
 Anil'itas, Senile Insanity, * Insanity of t/u 
 a^ed,—.a form of moral insanity, in wh^ch th< 
 whple moral character of the individual is 
 changed. 
 
 DEMI, Semi — d. Bain, Semicnpiuni^^-ii?. Spi 
 neux, Semi-spinalis co\li-^d. ipineux du dos. 
 Semi-spinalis dorsi — 4. Gantelet, Gantelet — d 
 Interosseux du pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis 
 manus — 4. ' Lunaire, Semi-lunar — d. Membra- 
 neux, Semi-membranosus — d. Orbicularis, Or 
 blcularis oris — d. Tendineux, Semi-tendinosus 
 
 DEMISSIO'ANIMI, Depression. 
 
 DEMISSOR, Catheter. ' 
 
 DEMODEX FOLLICULORUM, Acarns fol 
 liculqrum. 
 
 DEMONOMAOVIA, Dcemo'nomania, Tkeo 
 ,ma'nia, EntMoma'nia, from intiiaM, 'demon, 
 a spirit of good or evil, and /i-avicx, ' madness. 
 Religious insanity. "A variety of madness, ir 
 which the person conceives himself possessec 
 of devils, and is in continual dread of malignan 
 spirits, the pains of hell, &c, 
 
 DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstrare, (d. 
 and monstrare,) 'to show;' ' exhibit.' One wh( 
 exhibits. The index finger. , . > - - 
 
 Dem'onsteator of Anat'omy, One who ex 
 hibits the parts of the human body. A teachei 
 of practical anatoniy. 
 
 DEMOtl'VUS LAPSUS, Repenti'na m-ors 
 from demovere, {de and movere,) ' to move off, 
 ' remove,' and lapsus, ' a fall.' Sudden death 
 
 DEMUL'CENTS, DemuUen'tia, Involven'- 
 '■tia,.Ohvolven'tia, Luhrican'iia, from demulcere 
 {de and mulcere,) ' to sooth,' ' to assuage.' (F.; 
 Adoucissantf. Medicines supposed tobe capablf 
 6f correcting certain acrid conditions imaginec 
 to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci- 
 laginous or saccharine nature belong' to this 
 class. Demulcents may act directly on the 
 parts with which they come in contact ; but ir 
 
DEMUSCULATUS 
 
 260 DENTEL& ANTiRIEVR, PETIT 
 
 other cases, as in ciitarrh, their eflTeet is prt- 
 duced by contiguous sympathy ; the top of -the 
 larynx being soothed by thera first, and indi- 
 rectly the inflamed portion of the air-passages. 
 In diseases of the urinary organs, they have no 
 advantage over simple diluents. — See Diluents 
 and Emollieiits. The following are the chief 
 demulcents: — AcacisB Gummi; Althseae F.olia 
 et Radix ; AmygdalEe ; Amylum ; Avenae Fa- 
 rina ; Cera ; Cetaceum ; Cydonias Semina ; Fu- 
 cus Crispus ; Glycyrrhiza ; Hordeum j Lichen ; 
 Linum; OliviE Oleum; Sassafras Medulla ; Se- 
 samum ; Sevum ; Tragacantba, and tjlmus. 
 
 DEMTTSCULA'T U S, from de, and muscutua, 
 'a muscle.' (¥.} Decharne. Emstciated, de- 
 . void of flesh. ' 
 
 DEN^US, Chronic. 
 
 DENA'RltJS ; a Roman coin, equal in value 
 to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was 
 marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses. 
 
 Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce. ' 
 
 DENDROLcIBANUS, Rosmarinus. 
 
 DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis.' 
 
 UENGXJE, Dingee, Dunga, Dandy, Bouquet 
 and Bticket Fever, KkeumtUis'mus ' fehri'lis, 
 Scarlati'na rkeuTnat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro^^a, 
 Planta't-iA, Febris exanthematjiea articula'ria, 
 (F.) Grirnffe, Erwg'tiiie artic'ular fever, E. 
 rheumnt'ic fiver, A-disease, which appeared in 
 the years 1827 and 1828, in the West. Indies, 
 and in the southern states of North-America. 
 It was extremely violent in its symptoms, but 
 not often fatal. It usually comrhenced , with 
 great languor, chilliness, and pain in the tendons 
 about the smaller joint§. To these syiriptoms 
 succeeded burning heat and redness of the skin,' 
 pains in the muscles of the limbs or in'the fore- 
 head, with vomiting or nausea. The fever con- 
 tinued for one, two or three days, and usually 
 terminated by copious perspiration. In dif- 
 ferent places, it put on different appearances j 
 but seems in all to have been a singul?ir veirlety 
 of rheumatic fever. The usual antiphlogistic 
 treatment was adopted, and successfully. 
 
 DENIACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. De- 
 niach is a village in Swabia, at the entranfee of 
 the Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic 
 acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda. 
 
 DENIGRA'tlO, from denigrare, (de,_ and 
 niger,) 'to become black.' Tie act of be- 
 coming black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugilla- 
 tion, &c. 
 
 DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodori tara;xa- 
 cum. 
 
 Deks Pro'lifee. a tei;m used by Bartholin 
 for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to 
 grow upon a primitive or parent tooth. 
 
 DENT, Tooth.— d. de Sagesse, see Denti-. 
 tion. ' , 
 
 DENTAGOGUM, Denta:gra. 
 
 D E N'T AGRA, Den'ticeps, Dentar'paga, 
 Dentidu'cwm, Dentic' ulwm, Dentago'gwm, Den- 
 ta'lis for fix, Forfex denta'ria, Odontkar'p'aga, 
 Odon'tagra, Odontago'gon, from dens, 'a tooth,' 
 and ayjo, 'a seizure.' (F.) Davier. A tooth- 
 forceps. 
 
 DENTAL, Denta'lis, Denta'rius, D^nta'tus^ 
 Denticula'tus, from dens, '■& tooth.' That which 
 concerns the teeth. See Dentiformis. 
 
 Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentaires,dLie 
 the arches formed by the range of alveoli in 
 each jaw. 
 
 DSNTAL A-r'teeies are those arteries which 
 nourish the teeth. They^propeed from several 
 sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., 
 receive their arteries from the infraorUtat and 
 superior a^iJcb/flr,— ^themselves branches of the 
 internal maxill(iry. The teeth of the lower 
 jaW receive their branches from thie inferior 
 dental or inferior m.axillury, which is given off 
 by the internal maxillary, and runs through the 
 dental canal, issuing aj the mental foramen 
 after having given numerous ramifications to 
 the teeth and jaw^ ' , 
 
 Denivil Cabals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, 
 Max'illary canals. The Ijony canals, through 
 which the vessels and nerves pass to the inte- 
 rior of tha teeth. , ■ . 
 
 Dental OAE'TflSASE, Cariila'ga^dentfi'lis. 
 The cartilagiBous elevation, divided by slight 
 fissures, on the bitirig margins of the gums in 
 infants, prior to dentition. It is a substitute 
 for the tepth. 
 
 ^ Dental Cav'i'ty,' (¥.) Cavite dentaire. A 
 cavity in the interior of the teeth in which is 
 situate the dental pulp. 
 
 Dental Fol'licle, Follia'ulus Dentis, Cap'- 
 syilade'ktis, (Y.) Follicule dentaire. A mem- 
 branous follicle, formed of a double lamina, in 
 "which the teeth are contained before '|hey issue 
 from the alveoli, and which, consequently^ aids 
 in the formation of the alveo! o-dental periosteum, 
 and of the membrane that envelops tbe pulp of 
 the teeth. The dental follicles are lodged in 
 the substance of the jaws. 
 
 Dental Gangrene, Caries Deii'tium, Odon- 
 talg"ia cario'sa, Odontonecro^^sis, Odontdspha- 
 ■cel'isis, Odontosphaeelis'mus, Necro'H^ Dm'- 
 tium, (F.) Carie des Dents. Gangrene or 
 caries of the teeth. ' See Caries,. i 
 
 Dental Nerves, (V.) Nerfi dentaire). 
 Nerves which pass tp the teeth. Those of the 
 upper incisors and canine are furnished by the 
 infra-orbitar nerve, a branch of the superior 
 maxillary; and those of the molareS hy the 
 trunk of the same nerve, The teeth of the 
 lower jaw receive the nerves from the inferior 
 maxillary, which, as well as the superior max- 
 illary, arises from the 5th pair. " 
 
 Dental Pulp, Pulpa seu Nu'eleus seu Sai- 
 stan'tia pulpo'sa dentis, Germen denta'll, (F.) 
 Pulpe dentaire. A pultaceous substance, of 
 a reddishrgray colour, very soft and sensi- 
 ble, which fills the cavity of the teeth. It is 
 well supplied with capillary vessels. 
 
 Dental StJegeon, Dentist'. 
 
 Dental Veins have a similar distribution 
 with -the arteries. 
 
 DENTALIS,Odontoid^d.Forfex,Dentagra. 
 
 DENTAlLIUIlJ, from dens, 'a totfth,' the 
 dog-like tooth shell. A. genus of shells in the 
 shape of a tooth. They formerly entered into 
 several pharmaceutical preparations, but were 
 useless ingredients; consisting — like shells in 
 general — of carbonate of limieand gelatin. 
 
 &ENTARIA, Anthenjis Pyrethrum, Plum- 
 bago Europaea. ' - 
 
 DENTARIUS, Dentist. 
 
 DENTARPAGA, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis. 
 
 DENTATUS, Dental. 
 
 DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europaea. 
 
 DENTELA ANTiRIEXTR, PETIT, Pec- 
 toralis minor — d. Grand, Serratus magnus — d. 
 Posterieur et inferieur, petit, Serratus posticus 
 
DElSfTES 
 
 S61 
 
 DENTITION 
 
 inferior— (/. Supirieur, petit, Serratus posticus 
 superior. 
 
 DJENTES, Teeth, see Tgotli— d. Angiilajes, 
 Canine teeth-— d. Canini, Canine teeth-^d. Cla- 
 valea, Molar teethn-d. Calumellares, C'anine 
 tefeth — d. Gtenes, Incisive teeth — d. Cuspidati, 
 Canine teeth — d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth — 
 d. Gelasini, Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Mo- 
 lar teeth — d. Incispres,. Incisive teeth — d. Lac- 
 tei, see Dentition — d. Laniaxii, Canine teeth — d. 
 Maxillares, Molar teeth — d. Molares, Molar 
 teeth — d. Mordentes,Canine teethe — d. Oculares, 
 Canine teeth— d. Priraores, Incisive teeth— d. 
 Rasoriij Incisive teeth — d. Sapientiae, see Den- 
 tition-^d. Serotini, see Dentition — ^d. Sophrore- 
 tici, see Dentition:^— d. Sophronistse, see Denti- 
 tion — d. Sophronisteres, see Dentition — d. To- 
 mici. Incisive teeth. 
 
 DENTICEPS, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTICULA'TUM, {Ugamentmn,) dimi- 
 nutive of <^eras, 'a tooth.' A slender cord, situ- 
 ate between the anterior and posterior fasciculi 
 of the spinal nerves, and between the tunica 
 arachnoidea and pia inater. It is attached to 
 the dura mater, where that membrane issues 
 from the cranium, and accompanies the spinal 
 marrow to its inferior extremity. It sends off, 
 from its outer edge, about 20 slender processes, 
 in the form of- denticuli, each of which is fixed 
 by minute 'fibres to the dura mater in the inter- 
 stices of the/asc^c7^/^, 
 
 DENTICULATtJS, Dental. 
 
 DENTICULUM, Dentagra. 
 
 DENTICULUS, Crena. 
 
 DENTIDU.CtTM, Dentagra. 
 
 DSNTIER,XF.) from/^mi, 'atooth.' De«7, 
 tare. A set or row of teeth^ mounted on me- 
 tal or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar mar- 
 gin. Dentiers are simple or double. To the 
 latter, the name Rdteliers is given,' that is, to 
 the full set. 
 
 DEN'TIFORM, IXentiform'isjfiom dtns, 'a 
 tooth,' and forma, ' form.' Resembling a tooth 
 in shape. 
 
 DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid. 
 
 DEN'TIFRICE, I>entifric"ium, Remed'ium 
 d€ntifric"i'um, Tooifipowder, Toothpaste, Odon- 
 totrim'ma, Odontosineg'ma,{joi(idens, ' a tooth,' 
 and fricare, ' to rubi;' a name, given to differ- 
 ent powdery and pastes proper for cleansing the 
 enamel of the teeth, and removing the tartar 
 which coTjers them. Powdered bark, and 
 charcoal, united to any acidulous salt — as 
 cream of tartar — form one of the most common 
 
 Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Co- 
 dex, consists of cora/giv, cuttlefish bones and 
 cinnamon aa gij, cochineal gss, honey gx, 
 alum gr. iv. or v. 
 
 Poudre Dentifrice of the Parisian Codex is 
 coniposed of Bole. Armeniac^ red coral, [pre- 
 pared,] and cuttlefish bones, aa 3^j> dragon's 
 Hood ,^iij, cochineal '7,\,. cream of tartar 3ix, 
 cinnamon Hij, cloves, gr, xij, well'mixed. 
 
 Charcoal finely powdered and mixed with 
 chalk forms as good a dentifrice as •any. 
 
 DEN'TINAL, Dentina'lis, f];ora dens, 'a 
 tooth.' Relating to the dentine of the teeth. 
 
 DENTINE, see Tooth. 
 
 DENTISCAL'PIUM, from dens, ' a tooth,' 
 and scalpere, ' to scrape.' Odonto'gli/phum. 
 This word has been applied to the instrument 
 used for scaling the teeth; to the tocth-pick, 
 
 (F.) Cure-dent ; and to the gum lancet, — the 
 dichaussoir of the French. ' 
 
 DENTiST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'- 
 rius. Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist. One 
 who devotes himself to the study.of-the diseases 
 of the teeth, and their treatment. 
 
 DEN'XISTRY, Odontotech'ny, Odontiatri'a, 
 Odontotherapi'a, Dental Surgery. The art of 
 the dentist. 
 
 DENTITIO, Dentition— d. Difficilis, Dyso- 
 dontiasis. 
 
 , DENTIT''ION, Denti"tio, Denti'tis, Odonto- 
 phy'ia. Teething, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, fiom 
 dentire, ' to breed teeth.' The exit of the teeth 
 from the alveoli and gums ; > or rather the phe- 
 nomena which characterize the different pe- 
 ripds of their existence. The germs of the first 
 teeth, dentes lac'tei or mil^ teeth, (F.) derfs de 
 lait, are visible in the fcEtus about the end of 
 the second month ; and they begin to be ossi- 
 fied from the end of the third to that of the sixth 
 month. At birth, the corona Of the incisors is 
 formed, but that of the canine is not completed; 
 and the tubercles of the molares are not yet all 
 united. Gradually the fang becomes deve- 
 loped; and at about 6 or 8 months begirfs what 
 is commonly called, the first dentifiif', Odon'- 
 tia dentitio'nis lactan'tium^.^ The two middle in- 
 cisors of the lower jaw commonly appear first; 
 and, some time afterwards, those of the upper 
 jaw ; afterwards-, the two lateral incisors of the 
 lower jaw; and then those of the upper, fol- 
 lowed by the'four anterior molares : J:he canine 
 or eye-teeth, at ^rst, those of the lower, and af- ' 
 terwards, those of the. upper jaw next appear'; I 
 and, subsequently and successively, the first 4 
 molares — S above and 2 belpw, 1 on each side. 
 The whole number of the primary, temporary, 
 deciduous, shedding, or milk-teeth, (^dentes 
 tempora'rii,) (F.) Dents de lait, is now 20. 
 
 The second denti''tion or shedding of the 
 teeth, odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis, begins 
 about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or mem- 
 branous follicles of these second teeth — to the 
 number of 32 — as well as the rudiments of the 
 teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foe- 
 tus, with the exception of those of the small 
 molares^ which do not appear till after birth. 
 They are contained in alveoli of the same 
 shape as those of -the first dentition. Their os- 
 sificatibn commences at from 3 to 6 months af- 
 ter birth, in ^the incisors and first molares ; at 
 eight or nine months in the canine ; about three 
 years, in the molareS, 3^ in the second great 
 molares, and about 10 years in the last. As 
 the alveolus Of. a new tooth becomes gra- 
 dually augmented, the septum between it and 
 that of the corresponding milk tooth is ab- 
 sorbed, and disappears. The root of the milk 
 tooth is likewise absorbed ; its corona becomes 
 loose and falls out, and all the first teeth are 
 gradually replaced by the permanent teeth, 
 Den'tes serot'ini. This second dentition be- 
 comes necessary in consequence gf the in- 
 creased size of the jaws. The new teeth have 
 neither the same direction nor the same shape 
 as the old; and they are more numerous; 
 amounting till the age of 25 (sooner or later,) 
 to 28. About this period, a small molaris ap- 
 pears at the extremity of each jaw, which is 
 called Deris sapieri'tice or wisd:.m tooth, Dens 
 serot'inus, Dens sophrQret'icvs., D. sofhronis'- 
 ta, D. snphrrvis'ter, (V .) Arrihe-dcnt, Dent de 
 
DENTITIS 
 
 363 
 
 DEPRESSOR 
 
 tagesse, making the whole number of perma- 
 nent teeth 32. During the period of dentition, 
 that is, of the first dentition, the infant is espe- 
 cially liable'to disease; — the irritation, pro- 
 duced by the pressure of the tooth on the 
 superincumbent gum, sometimes occasioning 
 pyrexia, convulsions,' diarrhoea', &o., which 
 symptoms are often strilcingly relieved by a 
 free division of the distended gum. This dis- 
 ordered condition is called Teething, Odon'tia 
 dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, OdontaVgia dentCtio'- 
 nis, Odaxis'imis, ' • 
 
 DENTITIS, Dentition. 
 
 DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth 
 — d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d; Nitor, Enamel of 
 the teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) 
 see Gum lancet — d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis. ' 
 
 DENTO, from Dens, ' a tooth.' One whose 
 teeth are prominent. 
 
 DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid. 
 
 J>ENTS S/CUSPXD^£S, Bicuspid teeth— 
 d. Col des, CoUum dentium — d. Cono'ides, Ca- 
 nine teeth — d. de Lait, see Dentitioli: — d'. Md- 
 cheliires, Mo\a.Ytee\}i—d.Molaires, Molar teeth 
 — d. Multicuspidies, Molar teeth, great-^, 
 (Eillieres, Canine teeth. 
 
 DENTURE, Dentier. 
 
 DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tio, Gy,mno'sis, 
 from denudare, (c^e, and nudare,) ' to lay bare.' 
 Condition of a part, deprived of its natural co- 
 verings, whether by wounds, gangrene-, or ab- 
 scess. It is particularly applied to the bones, 
 when deprived of their periosteum; and to the 
 teeth when they lose their enamel or dental 
 substance. 
 
 DEOB'STRUENT, Deob'struens, Dephrac'- 
 ticum^Deoppi'lans,Deoppilati'vu7n,EGpkrac^tic, 
 from de, and obstruere, {ob, and stritere,) ' to ob- 
 fBtruct.' (V.) Desohstruant, Desobstruetif, Des- 
 opilatif, Desop^lant. Medicines, given with the 
 view of removing any obstruction. The word 
 corresponds 'to. aperient, in its general, not in its 
 particular sense. It is now almost abandoned, 
 and, when ,used, conveys by no means definite 
 
 DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent. 
 
 DEPASCENS, Phagedenic. 
 
 DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished. 
 
 DEPERDITIO, Abortion. 
 
 DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent. 
 
 DiPILATIF, Depilatory. 
 
 DEPILATIO, Alopecia— d. Capitis, Calvi- 
 ties. 
 
 DEPILA;TION,, Depila'tio, Dropacis'mus, 
 Made' sis , JVLad'isis, P silo' sis, from de, and pilus, 
 ' hair.' Loss of hair, either spontaneously or 
 by art. 
 
 DEP'ILATORY, tiepilato'ririm, Dr6pax,Psi- 
 lo'thron, EctiUot'icus, Epilato' rinm, (F.) Dipi- 
 latoire, Depilatif. Any thing which causes 
 the loss of the hair. Depilatories are, usually, 
 caustic applications, in which quicklime or 
 some other alkaline substance, sulphuret of 
 iron, &c., enters. , '' 
 
 Depilatoet, Collet's, seems to consist of 
 quicklime and a portiori of sulphuret of potassa. 
 A pitch plaster is sometimes used as a depilatory I 
 It of course pulls the hair out by the roots. 
 
 Delcroix's depilatory, and Planck's depilatory 
 ha've a similar composition. 
 
 DEPI'LIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair. 
 Hairless. 
 
 DEPLE'TION, Deple'tio, from deplto, ' I un- 
 
 Iqad.' The act of unloading the vessels, by 
 blood-letting, and the different evacyanta, Also 
 inordinate evacuation. 
 
 DEPLE'TORY, Deple'ting., Having relation 
 to depletion; — as ' a depletory or depleting agenx,' 
 
 DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo' sis, fiom deplumi, 
 (de and plumq,,) ' without feathers.' A disease 
 of the eyelids, in which they aie swollen, and 
 the eyelashes iaW out. See Madarosis. 
 ' DEPOSIT, Feculence. 
 
 I>EPOS'ITIVE, Depositi'vus, flora depmere, - 
 (^de a.nd ponere,) to 'depose," to put down.' An 
 epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express 
 that, condition of the membrane in whi(;h plastic 
 lymph i^ exuded- into thetissueof the derma, so 
 as to give rise to thfe production of small hard 
 elevations of t)ie skin, or pimples. Und?r "de- 
 positive injlammation of the derma," he com- 
 prises strophulus, lichen and prurigo. - 
 
 DRPO T, Abscess, Sediment — d. Laiteuse lur 
 la Cuisse, P^legraatieu dolens — d. de I'Vrim, 
 Sediment of the urine. " 
 
 DEPRAVATION, Deprava'tio, from d( and 
 pravus, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption; — as de- 
 pravation of the taste, &c. 
 
 DEPREHENSIO; Diagnosis/Epilepsy.. 
 
 DEPRES'SION, Depresisio, Impres'siOfdom 
 depriimere, depresswm, {de, and premere,)' 'to 
 depress;' Esphla'sis. In Anatomy, it means an 
 excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Snrger^, it is 
 applied to a fracture of the cranium, in which 
 the portions of fractured bone are forced in- 
 wards ; '{F.^SubgrondationfEntablement; called, 
 also, Catapi'esis, . Campsis Depres'sio, Thlum 
 Depres'sio. Depression, CF ,')AbaisseiM'ntmei,ai 
 Couchingi — See Cataract.. 
 
 Depression also means dejection or ctejeeted- 
 ness — Ademon'ia, AdeTno'synS^Demis'sio ardmi. 
 
 DAPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax. 
 
 ■ DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaissmr. Same ety- 
 mon. Several muscles have been so termed, 
 because they depress the parts on which they act. 
 
 Depkessor ALiE Nasi;' 2). la'Ui . supirio'Hf, 
 alcBque nasi, Incisi'vus Tne'dius, Myrtifor'tliiit, 
 Depressor Labii superio'ris pro'prius, Cbn^tric- 
 to'res ala'rwm nasi ac depresso'res l^a'bii sup^rio- 
 ris, Maxillo-alvioli-nasal — .part of the labialis 
 (Ch.,)(F.) Abai'ssewr de I'aile du nez. It arises 
 from the superior maxillary borie immediately 
 above the junction of the gums with the two 
 incisor and canine teeth; and, passes upwards 
 to be inserted into the upper lip an^ root of the 
 ala nasi, which it pulls downwards^ 
 
 Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula'ria, De'- 
 pressor Idbio'r-um coTntnu'nis, Depressor labio- 
 rum, (F.) Sonsmaxillo-labial, Maxillo-laiial 
 (Ch:), Abdisseur df V angle des, Ithres onMwsek 
 Triangulaire. A muscle, situate at the lower 
 part of the face. Itsfprmis trja,ngular. It arises 
 from the outer oblique line on the lower jaw- 
 bone, and terminates in a point at thecommis- 
 sure of the lips, which it, pulls downwards. 
 
 Depressor La'bii Infeeio'ris; Quitdraltus, 
 Quadi-a'tusfnenti,Depressorlabiiinferiofris pro - 
 ^rius, — Sfentonnier-labial, Mento-labial,{v^, ) 
 (F.) Carre du Menton, Houppe du, Mfnten, 
 Abaisseur de la levre inferieztre, A small, thin, 
 and quadrilateral muscle, which arises from the 
 external oblique line of the low6r jaw, and as- 
 cends to the lower lip, where it becomes con- 
 founded With the orbicularis oris. It puUfl the 
 lower lip downwards and outwards. 
 
 Depressor Labii Supeeioeis Peopeids, D. 
 
depressoriiJm 
 
 263 
 
 DERMATOPHYMA 
 
 AlsB nasi — d. Labiorum communia, D. Anguii 
 oris — d. Oculi, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 
 Depressor Pal'p^br* Inperio'ris. A fleshy 
 bundle', -which forms part of the palpebralis 
 muscle. Heister describes, it separately, but 
 it is not admitted now. ' 
 
 DEPRESSORIUM, Memng9phylax. 
 DEPRIMENS AXSmCXlLM, Retrahens au- 
 ris — d. Maxillaebiventer, pigastricus — d. Oculi, 
 Rectus inferior oculi. 
 DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives. 
 DEPUR AN'TI A, from depurate, (de, and jm- 
 r««,) ' to purify.' (F.) Depuratifs. Medicines 
 were formerly so called, which were supposed 
 to possess the property of removing, from the 
 mass of blood or humours, those principles 
 which disturbed their purity;, and of directing 
 them towards sonie one o£ the natural emune- 
 tories. The juices of what were called anti- 
 scorbutic herbs, sulphur, and many other medi- 
 cines were ranked undftr this class. 
 i)^PUS4 Tii="S, Depurantia. . 
 
 DEPURA'TION, Dejmra'tio. Same etymon. 
 CtHharis'Tnos, Mniida'tio. In Pathology ^ de- 
 puration has been used for the process by vi^ich 
 nature purifies the animal economy, either by 
 the agency of some eruptive disease^ or some 
 spontaneous evacuation, or by the assistance of 
 medicine. See Clarification. ^ 
 
 DEP'URATORY. Same etymon. Depura- 
 to'rius. That which causes depuration, as. the 
 urinary and cutaneous depurations. Applied, 
 also, to diseases, which have. been considered 
 capable of modifying the constitution advan- 
 tageously, by acting on the. composition of the 
 fl.uids — such as certain eruptions, intermittents, 
 &c. The word is, also, appropriated to medi- 
 eines and diet, by which the same effect is 
 sought to be induced. 
 
 DERADEN, from iJsgi;, ' the neck,' and oJijr, 
 "^a gland.' A gknd in the neck. 
 
 DERADENI'TIS, froA Sigri, 'heck;' aiijv, 'a. 
 gland;' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 -flammation of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DERADENON'CUS, frpmjaj.;, 'the neck,' 
 aiiir, 'a gland,' and oyxoc, 'a swelling.' Tume- 
 faction of the glands of the neck. 
 
 DERANENCEPHA'LIA, from StQij, 'neck,' 
 and anencephalia, ' absence of brain.' A mon- 
 strosity in which only a small portion of the 
 brain exists, resting on the cervical vertebra»-rr 
 more properly 'derencepha'lia. 
 
 DERANGEMENT, Insanity. 
 
 DERBIA, Impetigo. • 
 
 DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia. , 
 
 DERENCEPH'ALUS, from isj.,, 'the neck,' 
 and xEfflAij, 'head.' A monster, whose brain is 
 in the neck. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 DERIS, Cutis. 
 
 DERIVANS, Derivative. 
 
 DjiRlVATlF, Derivative. 
 
 DERIVATION, Deriva'tio, Deflee'tio, Faro- 
 eheteu'siSy Antilep'sis, Antis'pasis, Mevul'sion, 
 Gur^ derivati'va seu revulso'ria, from de, and 
 timis, fa river.' When a 'centre effluxion' is 
 established in a part, for the purpose of ab- 
 stracting the excited vital manifestations from 
 some other, a derivation is operated. 
 
 The terra Derivation has likewise beefl ap- 
 plied to the suction power of the heart, — an 
 agency in the circulation of the blood. 
 
 DERIVATIVE, Defiec'tens, Deri'vans, De- 
 rivato'rius, from derivare, ' to drain off.' An- 
 
 tispas'ticus, Revef'lent, Revul'sive, ^evulsi'- 
 vus, Revulso'rius, (F.) Derivatif, Revulsif. 
 Same etymon. A remedy, which by producing a 
 modified action in some organ or texture derives 
 from the morbid condition of some other organ 
 or texture. Revellents are amongst the most 
 important of remedies : ' they include, indeed, 
 every physical and moral agent, which is capa- 
 ble of modifying the function of innervation, and 
 therefore almost every article of the materia 
 medica. The following is a list of the chief 
 local Derivatives. ■ 
 
 1. ErispASTios. — Aaidum Aceticum, Aci- 
 diim Nitrjcum, Acidum Sulphuricuin, Allium, 
 Ammonia, Ammoniacum, Asafcetida, yantharis, 
 Capsicum, Galbaurm, Olea Essentialia, Pix 
 Abietis, Sinapis, Caloric, Friction. 
 
 2. Vesioants. — Ammonia, Argentl Nitras, 
 Cantharis, Cantharis Vi,ttat4, Hydrargyri Ibdi- 
 dum rubrum. Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric. 
 
 3. SuppuRANTs.-r-Acida Mineralia, Antimo- 
 nii et Potassae Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, 
 Pix Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, .Fonticulus, 
 Setaceum. 
 
 4 . — EscHAKOTics. — A.. Brodents . — Acidum 
 Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Aluinen Exsicca- 
 tum,Argehti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri 
 Sulphas, Sabina, Sacchaium Purissimum. — 
 
 B. Actual Cduterants,. — Caloric, White Hot 
 Iron, Moxa. — 
 
 C. Potential Cauterants. — Acidum Arsenio- 
 sum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, 
 Antimonii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx, Po- 
 tassa, Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum. 
 
 DERIVATORIUS, Derivative. 
 
 DERMA, Cutis. '. 
 
 DERMAL'GI A, BermataV gia, Dermaifo^yn'- 
 ia, from is^fta, 'the skin,' and uAyoc,. '.pain.' 
 Pain in the skin. Neuralgiaof the skin. Rheu- 
 matic Dermdlgia or RkeuTnatism. of the s^7i.,}S 
 a form of neuralgia, which is referred, at times, 
 to the nervous trunks, muscles, &c., but appears 
 to be seated in the cutaneous nerves. 
 
 DERMATAGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia. 
 
 DERMATIATRI'A, from |f.|«a, 'skin,' and 
 iBTjeia, 'healing.' Healing of cutaneous dis- 
 eases. The treatment of diseases of ,the skin. 
 Diadermiatri'a, Dermatocrati'a, 
 
 DERMATITIS, Cytitis,; Erysipelatous in- 
 flammation. ' [ '• 
 
 DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus. 
 
 DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca. 
 
 DERMATOCRATIA, see l)ermatiatria. 
 
 DERMATODES, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMATOEYNIA, Dermalgia. 
 
 DER'MATOID, Dermatoi'des, Dermato'des, 
 Dermo'i'des, Dermo'des, Dermoid, from ^E^^a, 
 'the skin,' and udoa, 'form.' That which is 
 similar to the skin. This name is given to dif- 
 ferent tissues, which resemble the skin. The 
 dura mater has been so called by some. 
 
 Morbi dermato'des, chronic cutaneous dis- 
 eases. 
 
 DERMATOLOGY, Dermatol og"ia, Der- 
 mol'ogy, from ds^^ia, 'the skin,' and ^oyo^, 'adis- 
 course.' A discourse or treatise of the skin. 
 
 DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Indura- 
 tion of the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration 
 of the cellular tissue. 
 
 DERMATOPHY'MA, from «e«^a, 'skin,' 
 
DERMATOPHYMATA VENEREA 264 
 
 DESUDATIO 
 
 and (puinotj 'tumour.' A tumefaction of the 
 skin.' 
 
 DEKMATOPHYMATA VENEpEA, Con- 
 dylomata. 
 
 DER 'rATORRHAG"IA, Dermatnrrhm'a, 
 from isfiiia) ' skin,' and qayri, 'rupture.' A dis- 
 charge of blood from the skin. 
 
 DERMATORRHCEA, Dermatorrhagia. 
 
 DER-MATOSCLEROSIS, Callos ty. 
 
 DERMATOSIES VlROLEUSES, Syphi- 
 
 DERMATOTYLO5IA, Callosity. 
 
 DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity. ' 
 
 DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 DERMIC, Der'micus, DerTnat'ietls,- Derma- 
 ti'nus, bermatic: from itj.ua, ' skin.' Relating 
 to the skin. 
 
 DERMITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 DERMODES, Dermatoid. 
 
 DERMOG'RAPHY, Sermograph'ia, from 
 Siqux, 'the skin,' and yqaifm, 'I describe.' An 
 anatomical description of the skin. 
 
 D-ERMOHjE'MIA, from iiifi.a, 'skin,' and 
 'a;/ia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia or Congestion of 
 the skin. ■- 
 
 DERMOID, Dermatoid. 
 
 D^RMOLOGY, Dermatology. 
 
 DERMO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 DERMO-SYPHILIDES, S'^phttides. 
 
 DERMOT'OMY, Dermotom'ia, from SeQfM, 
 'the skin,' and TE^7<t(i', 'to cut.' The part of 
 anatomy which treats of the structure of the 
 skin. 
 
 DERODYMUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 DERONCUS, Bronchocele. - 
 
 DERTRON. This word, which is used by 
 Hippocrates, signified, according to some-, the 
 omentum or peritoneum, but according to others, 
 the small intestine. See Epiploon. 
 
 DISARTICULATION, (J.) from de, and 
 articulusj'ajomt.' Disjointing. A word used 
 to express the part of the operation, in ampu- 
 tation at an articulation, which consists in di- 
 viding the ligaments, and separating the articu- 
 lar surfaces. The word has, also, been used 
 for that kind of anatomical preparation, the ob- 
 ject of which is to separate the different bones 
 of the skeleton, and especially those of the head. 
 
 DESCALORINkSES, from de, 'from,' and 
 calor, ' heat.'^ A name given by Baumes to 
 diseases which are characterized by diminished 
 heat. 
 
 DESCEMETPTIS. A term improperly 
 formed, and really signifying ' inflammation of 
 Descemet.' Inflammation- of the membrane 
 of Descemet. ■ , 
 
 DESCENSIO, Catabasis. 
 
 DESCENSUS, Catabasis— c\, Testiculorum, 
 Orchido-catabasis. 
 
 DESCENTE, Hernia— <i. de la Matriee, 
 Procidentia utfiri. 
 
 DESECTUS, Castratus. 
 
 DiSENFLXTREj Detvmescence. 
 
 DESICCANTIA, Desiccativa. 
 
 DESICCATIO, Draining. 
 
 DESICCATION, Drying. 
 
 DESICCATI'VA, Desicean'tia, Siccan'tia, 
 Exsiccati'va, from desiccare, (rfe,-and siccare,) 
 'to dry up.' (F.) Desiccatifs. Remedies, which, 
 when applied externally, dry up the humours or 
 moisture from a wound. 
 
 DESIPIENTIA, Delirium. 
 
 DESIRE, Libido— d. Venereal, see Libido. 
 
 DES'MA, Des'ml, Des'mus, A bandage, a 
 ligament, (q. v.) Hence: 
 
 DESMATUR'GIA, from Jw^a; 'bandage,' 
 and t?y"ri 'work.' The doctrine of the appH- 
 cation of bandages. Bandaging. 
 ' . DESMEDIONj'Fasciculus. 
 
 DESMI'TIS, Desmophlogo' sis, Desmophlog"- 
 ia, from inr/it,, ' a ligament,' and itis, denoting 
 inflahirtiation. Inflammation of ligaments. 
 
 DESMOCHAUNO'SIS,, from dirndl 'liga- 
 ment,' and ;fauriunic, 'relaxation.' "Relaxation 
 of an articular^ligament. ' 
 
 DESMODYNIA, from tti-fi',,, 'ligament,' 
 and nSvvri, 'pain? Pain in the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmograph'ia, from 
 Ssafiar, 'a ligament,' and y^af/in, 'a description.' 
 An anatomical description of the ligaments. 
 
 DESMOID TISSUE,, (.Tbo^os, ''a .ligament,' 
 and ccSoi, 'shape.') < Jjigamen'tous Tissue, Tex- 
 tus desmo'sus. This tissue is very generally 
 diffused over the human ibody; has a vety close 
 connexion with the cellular tissue^ and is conr 
 tinuous with it in divers 'places. It constitutes 
 the ligaments, aponeuros'es, &c. 
 
 DESMOL'OGY, Desmdlog^'ia, from ht'utt, 
 'a ligament,' and Xlyot, 'a discourse,' 'a trea- 
 tise.^ That part of anatomy which describes 
 the ligaments, 
 ■ DESMOPHLOGIA, Desmitis. 
 
 DESMORRHEX'IS, froni ita^oq, 'a liga- 
 ment,' and gn?is, 'rupture.' Rupttire of in ar- 
 ticular ligament. 
 
 DESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 DESMOTOMY, Desmotom'ia: from Stfuef, 
 'a ligament,' and TSftvur, 'to cut.? The part 
 of anatomy which teaches the mode of dissect- 
 ing the ligaments. 
 
 DJlSO^STRUANT, Deobstruent. 
 
 DM,SOBSTRUCTlF, Deobstruept. 
 
 DiSOPILATIF, Deobstruent. 
 
 DiSORGANISA TION, Disorganization. 
 
 DiSOXTGENkSES,ixom de-, and oxygm. 
 M. Baumes includes under this title an order of ; 
 diseases, which he considers dependent! upon a 
 diminution in the quantity of th,e oxygen ne- 
 cessary for the animal economy. 
 
 DESPOTATS, (F.) Infirm soldiers, for- 
 merly charged "with'the office gf removing the 
 wounded from, the field of battle : perhaps from 
 desporta'tor, ' one who bears away.' The class 
 of Despotats was introduced by Leo VI., at the 
 commencement of the 9th century. > 
 
 DESPUMA'TION, Despumd'tio, Apaphris'- 
 Trios', Epttphris'ttio^, from despvmare, (de, and 
 spuma,) 'to skim,' ' to remove the froth.' The 
 separation of the froth and other impurities, 
 which rise, by the action of the fire, to the sur- 
 face of any fluid. 
 
 DESQUAMATION, Desquama'tio Cutis, 
 Edep'isis, Aposyfina, Apolep'isis, Apolepi^- 
 mus, from desquamdre, {de, and squama, 'i 
 scale,') 'to scale off.' Exfoliation, or sepa- 
 ration of the epidermis, in the form of scales, 
 of a greater or less size. This affectibn is a 
 common consequence of exanthematous diseases. 
 
 DESQUAMAT ORIUS, Exfoliative. 
 
 DESSkCHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining. 
 
 DESSlCATIFS, Dessicativa. 
 
 DESTILLATIO, Coryza— cl. Pectoris, Ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora. 
 
 DESUD A'TIO, Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina, H>- 
 dro'a, from desudare, {de, and sadare, 'to 
 
D^TMPHYSER 
 
 265 
 
 DIABETES 
 
 sweat.') Deswdation means a profuse and in- 
 ordinate sweating; but, most commonly, the 
 term is applied to an eruption of small pimples, 
 similar to millet seed, which appears chiefly on 
 "children, and is owing to Want of cleanliness. 
 I):£srMPHrSER, see Symphyseotomy. 
 
 DETENTIO, Catalepsy: ' , ■ 
 
 DETERGENS, A"bstergent. 
 
 DETER'GENTS, ,from detergere, (rf«, and 
 tergere, ' to clean,') ' to cleanse.' . Detergen'tiay 
 Oeterso'ria, Extwgen'tia, Atstfrgeh'tia, Abstir- 
 ^i'va, Absters^'ridf Abluen/Ha^ Ti-aumat'ioaf 
 J^bsler'sives, ^Smefftica, EmvMdpm'tia, Mimdi- 
 Jicati'va, J\TundiJicah*tta, Rkyp'tica, (F..) De- 
 tersifs, Mimdificafifs. Medicines, which pos- 
 sess the power to deterge or cleanse parts, as 
 wounds, ulcers, &c. They belong to the class 
 of stimulants, or to that of emollients. 
 
 D&TERSIFS, Detergents. 
 
 DETERSORIA, Detergents. 
 
 DETERSO'RIITM, from detergere, <tq 
 cleanse.' The place in ancient-bathing establish- 
 ments, where the bather was cleansed and dried. 
 
 DETESTATIO, Castr'atio. 
 
 DJtTORSE, Sprain. 
 
 DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
 
 DETRI'TUS, from deterere, (de^ and terere,) 
 ■•to bruise or wear. ovXJ The inorganic resi- 
 ' duum, occupying the place of the organic tex- 
 ture'of', parts which l^ve tmdergone 'disorgani- 
 zation. 
 
 DETROIT ABDOMINALE, Pelvis tbrim) 
 — d. Inferieur, Pelvis (outtet)-^. Perineal, 
 Pelvis (^uftlet) — d. Suferiettir, Pelvis (bYim.) 
 
 jJiii'RONCATION., DetnuiMjatio. 
 
 DETRUNCA'TION, DeHrimea'tio, (F.) De- 
 'troncation.f from dej and truncus^-' e. trunk.' 
 Separation of the trunk from the head of the 
 foetus, the latter remaining i^ the uterus^ 
 
 DETll'U'SOR VRl',NM,Protru'sor,fiom dt;- 
 trudere, {de, and tnidere,) 'to'thrust out.' . The 
 muscular coat of tlie urinary bladder was for- 
 merly so called. If: was, also, named Coti- 
 ^strictor Vesi'ctB Urina'rieB, 
 
 D£tUMESCENCE, (F.) Detumescen'tia, 
 from d^wmere, {de and tumere,) 'to cease to 
 swell.' A diminution of swelling. This word 
 has nearly the same signification as the French 
 word Desenflure, The 'latter is, however, more 
 particularly applied to the diminution of (ede- 
 ma or anasarca; the other, tg the resolution of 
 a tumour properly so called. 
 
 DEUNX. The ancient name of a weight of 
 11 ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 13. 
 
 DEURENS (FEBRIS,) Causus. 
 
 DEUTERI'A, from iaiTeqog, «the second-J 
 Vogel has used this term for the symptoms 
 produced by retention of the secundines. The 
 word was also applied, by the Greeks^ to a 
 second or inferior wine. 
 
 DEUTERION, Secundines. 
 
 DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hystet'opathi'a, Mor- 
 bus seeunda'rius, from JtuTigoc, ' the second,' 
 and s-ffjJos, 'disease.' A secondary disease. 
 One produced by another, and of which it is 
 only, in some measure, symptomatic, or the 
 sympathetic effect. ' 
 
 DEUTO, 3tu«joc, 'second.' A prefix-de- 
 noting two, or double, — as deutomde-, having 
 two degrees of oxidation. 
 
 DEVEL'OPMENTj Evolutio, from (P.) 
 developper, ' to unfold.' In Physiology, it 
 means growth or increase; and in Pathology, 
 18 
 
 its signification is similar. By develo'pment of 
 the pulse, e. g. is understood ah increase in its 
 strength and fulness. Diseases of development, 
 Worbi evotutio'nis, are such as are peculiar to 
 the periiid of growth. 
 DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum. • 
 DEVIA'TION, Devia'tio, froiii dej ' from,? 
 and via, ' thei way.' Out of the way. By this 
 .wo;d is meant— ra vicious curvature of the spine 
 or other bones ;;— faulty direction of the teeth 
 or 9ther part; — 'the passage of blood, bile, urine, 
 milk, &c. into" vessels not natural to them. ■ 
 
 HiVIATlON DES RkGLES, Menstrua- 
 tion(Vicafious.) ■ "■ 
 
 DEVIL, IN A BUSH,iNigella. 
 
 DEVIL BIT, Veratrum viride. 
 
 DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinbsa, Scabiosa 
 succisa. I 
 
 ]>EVIL'S BITE, Liatris. 
 ' DEVIL'S DUNG, Asaftetida. 
 
 DEVIRGINATIO, Defloration, Stnprum. 
 
 D^irOZEATEiVr, Diarrhoea. 
 
 DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus ce- 
 sius — d.' Plant, Rubus caesius. 
 
 DEWCLAWS, Crusta genu equinae. 
 
 UEXIS, Degrnus. 
 
 DEXOCAR'DIA} from iiliii;, 'rl#t,' and 
 xa^i(a, ' the heart.' A case in which the heart 
 is/fonnd to beat oh the right side. It is met 
 with occasionally iaj)leurlsy and pneumothorax. 
 
 DpX'TANS.. A weight of 10 ounces, sup- 
 posing the pound to consist of IS. 
 
 DEXTRIN; Dextrine,^ntiih gum, from Vex- 
 ftsr,' right-handed.' So called, from' its refracting 
 the rays, in the polarization of light more to the 
 right hand than any substance known. A Sub- 
 stance obtained ,-by the continued action of di- 
 luted sulphuric aeid. upon starch at the b'oilibg 
 point. , It is used in the treatment of fractures, 
 by the " immovable apparatus." "i^s bandages 
 are soaked in a solution, in water, of the dex- 
 trine — previously moistened thoroughly with 
 tincture of camphor, to prevent it from leaking 
 when the water is added. The solution should 
 be of the consistence of molasses.' 
 
 DI, it, iig, ' bis, twice, double.' Hente, Di- 
 crotiis, I)igastricus, &c. 
 
 DIA, Sia, in composition, 'through, asunder, 
 out of, separated.' When prefixed to any the- 
 rapeutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, 
 a preparation into which that agent entered. 
 
 DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
 
 DIABkTE, Diabetes— <i. CAyft««, Chyluria 
 — d.Faux, see' Diabetes — d. Insipide, see Dia- 
 betes— (i. Sucre, Diabetes (mfeUitus.) 
 
 DIABE'TES,frorri«ia, 'through,' and (Joivo), 
 'I pass.' Uri'nse pT'oflu'vium, Hyperdiure'sis, 
 Sipho uri'na, ■Urorrh'ag"ia, Polyu'ria, Hydrops 
 ad'^mat'ulam, H. Mai'el'lse, Polyure' sis,TJmze' - 
 mia^ XlreorrkcR'a^ Dip^sacos, ViarrhcE!'a in TJrina, 
 D. iirind'sa, (F.) Diabhe, Flux d'XTrine. A 
 disease, characterized by great augmentation 
 and often manifest alteration in the secretion of 
 urine ; with excessive thirst, and progressive 
 emaciation. . CuUen has described two species : 
 — -Diabetes' insip'idus and D. Melli'tus, (F.) 
 Diabhe faux ou insipide, Dit/ihe; the former 
 being, sitnply,i a superabundant discharge of 
 limpid urine, of its ijsual, urinary taste: the lat- 
 ter D. Melli'tus, called, also, Paru'rid M'elH'ta, 
 Diabetes An'glicus, D. verus, Melitw'ria, G-lueo- 
 su'ria,Glycyrrha' a uHno' sa,X7rozi'mia melU'ta, 
 Saccharorrha'a urino'sa, Pkthisu'ria,' ITroph- 
 
DIABETIC 
 
 366 
 
 DUCRISES 
 
 thi'^is) Tahes dfziret'ica seu diahe'ticayDyspep'- 
 sia saccharig^fena) Apoceno' sis Diabetes Melli'' 
 tus, Sac'charine diabetes, (^ .yfliahete s%cre,Hy- 
 perurorrkee saccharine, Phthisurie sucree, — fallS' 
 under the definition given above. The quantjty 
 of urine, discharged in the 24 hours, is some- 
 times excessive, amounting to 30 pints and up- 
 virardsj and each pint containing sometimes ^^, 
 oz. of saccharine matter. This replaces'tne 
 urea, which is not found in quantity'iu the urine 
 of those labouring under diatetes. Where the 
 disease is, situate is hot dear; The ■whole sys- 
 tem of oiutritiop, however, seelns to be morbid'- 
 ly implicated; A part of , the urine must be 
 formed, at the expense of the system, as tie 
 egesta frequently far exceed the solid and liquid 
 ingesta.. On dissection, no morbid appearance 
 is met with, sufficient to enable us to fix on the 
 seat of this distressing affection. 
 
 All.the remedies that have been tried haVe 
 usually been found insufficient in D. Meltitus. 
 
 D. insip'idiis,,Myperure' sis aqu6'sH;Sydru,'- 
 ria, Sydrure'sis., JParu'ria incon'tinens. ag?io's(z, 
 Diabe'tes spu'rius, XTrorrhce'a; VreaJ/. Diabetes, 
 (F.) Pplyuriv^ Hyperurrorfhie, Dii^bete ,'insi- 
 pide. Faux dialhe, which occurs in hysterical 
 habitsj ^nd has; hence, been called D. hyster'- 
 icus, is 6f comparatively trifling moment. Ex- 
 clusive diet, and attention to the state of the 
 cutaneous transpiration, which have sometimes' 
 produced good effects in D. Mellitus, havis most 
 commonly failed. 
 
 Diabetes AmSlious, see Diabetes-^d. Chylo- 
 sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see I>iabetes — d. 
 Lactea, Chyluria — d. Mellitus, see Diabetes — 
 d. Spurius, see Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes 
 — d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
 
 DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticus.' Same etymon. 
 Relating to diabetes. 
 
 DIABOT'ANUM, from ^/a, and iJorai-i), 'an 
 herb.' A medicine, prepared w'ith herbs. — Ga- 
 len. 
 
 DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion. 
 
 DIABRO'TICUS,from lia, and jSgao-ita., « I eat 
 or corrode.' A substance, capable of. causing 
 erosion of the part to which it isapplied. It 
 ordinarily means a medicine, vithose activity 
 places it between escharotics and caustics. .See 
 Corrosive. 
 
 DIACARTON, from Jia, and jtajoov, 'a nut,' 
 Rnb nucnm. The rob of nuts or of walnuts. 
 
 DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio 
 cassiaB. 
 
 DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'icum, .from 
 Sia, and xoj^oMiiot, 'universal.' The name of a 
 purge, so called from its general usefulness:. It 
 was an electuary, and composed of the pulp of 
 cassia, taTnariiids, leaves of. senna, root of poly- 
 pody , flower s of the violet, ^hu^arh root, aniseed, 
 sugar, liquorice, &ltA fennel. 
 
 DIACAU'SIS, from ,f.az«ua, 'I burn.' Ex- 
 cessive heat. Over-heating. > 
 
 DIACAUSTTC, Diaeaust'icus. Same ety- 
 mon. That which is caustic by refraction; as 
 a dojible conVex lens, which has been some- 
 times used for cauterizing an ulcer by directing 
 the sun's rays upon it. ' 
 
 DIACELTATESSON PARACEi;-SI, Pulvis 
 Cornachini. 
 
 DIACHALA'SIS, from Jn/oxitir, 'to be 
 open or relaxed.' Hippocrates uses this word 
 for fracture of the bones of the skull ; or for re- 
 laxation and separation of the suluresj in con- 
 
 sequence of a wound of the head. — Hippo- 
 
 DIACHALCIT'EOS, from Sia, and ;fBl«i+„, 
 ' chalcitis or colcothar.' A plaster, whose 
 composition is the same as that of the diapalma 
 except that, in pl^ce of the sulphate of zinc, a 
 mixture of oil and colcothar is Substituted. 
 
 DIACHEIRIS'MOS,2)»a(!Aeir'i«i,r™rta'iio 
 manua'ria; from im, ahd x^iq, ' the hand.' The 
 preparation, administration, and flispensing of 
 mediQines. — Hippoerates. 
 
 DIACHORE'MA, Diachoref.sis, from i,axw- 
 gsB,,'; I separate from.' Every kind of excreted 
 matter and excretion ; but Hiore particulavly the 
 fajces and alvine excretion.-;— Foeiius, Gorr'sus. 
 See Excrement. , , , 
 
 DiACHOKEMA Xysmatodes, sfee Rament^'in- 
 testinorum. . . ' 
 
 DIACHORESlS,3xeretion. 
 
 DIA-CHRISIS,Jnunction. 
 
 DIACHRIST'A,from«ia,and;re(«,'Ianoint,' 
 Medicines, applied -as abstergents to the velunv 
 .palati, the .palate itself, the tongue, &c. Pro-' 
 bably gargles. — Pjiulus of jEgina. , 
 
 DIACJI'YLON, Diach'ylum,. Epwlas'irmi 
 diach'ylon,.ftom Sia, and yWoc^ 'j.uice;' i, e. 
 composed of' juicea The plaster of this nattie 
 was formerly made of; certain jwejesl, Th» 
 term is now confined to' the £MPi,ASTEn» 
 Plumbj. or IteOfd Plaster. . , " 
 
 Diachylon cum GuMMi,'Emplastrnm gum- 
 mosum — d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gummi- 
 resinis — d. Gum, Empjastriim gummosum--'d. 
 Magnum cum gttmmi, Etnpl^strum galbani 
 comp; — d. Simplex, ' Emplastrum plumbi-^. 
 Wliite, Emplastrum pl,urabi — d/Yellow-, -Em- 
 plastmrn gummosum. - ' i ■ , . . ' 
 
 DIACHYT'ICA, from im, and /k», 'I pour 
 out.' Medicines which discuss tumours. 
 
 DIACINE'MA, from Sm, and xirsiu, 'I move.' 
 A slight dislocation.-^Celsus, Galen. A sub' 
 luxation. 
 
 DIACLASIS, Refraction. 
 
 DIAC'LYSIS, Diadys'mus ; from> Sia, and 
 itXo5«v, ' to yash out.' Rinsing or cleansing— 
 especially of the mouth. 
 
 DIACLYSMA, Gargarism. 
 
 DIACOCCYMELON, Diaiprunum. 
 
 DIACODIGN, Syrupus papaveris. 
 
 DIAPO'DIUM, Confcc'tio ex Captt'ihis Fa- 
 pav'eris J frOm i'ld, and xwStu, 'a poppyhead.' 
 (F.) Diacode. The ancients had' various forms 
 for preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies— Sy- 
 r'upu^ Papav'eris seu Diaco'dion — is now sub- 
 stituted fbr it. 
 
 DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissectiofl', Inter- 
 section. 
 
 Diao'opE, En'.cope, from Six, and x(nrriir,''b> 
 cut.' A cut, incisi^j fissure, or longitudinal 
 fracture. Wben used, since Galen, it generally 
 signifies an oblique incision, made in the Cranj- 
 um by a shar| instrument, without the piece 
 being removed^ It is not now employed, 
 
 DiAc'opE Cka'nii, .Prcecis'io seu pi^s'ec'tio 
 Cra'nii. Opening the head ; and separation of 
 the hones of the. cranium. 
 
 DIACOPRvE'GIA, from Sia, xoTTg-.c, 'excre- 
 ment,' and «/5, aiyog, ' a goat.' A name given, 
 in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed 
 of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in 
 diseases of the spleen, parotids, &c. 
 
 DIAC'RISES; from^ii, and xo,i«, 'I sepa- 
 
DIACRITICA SIGNA 
 
 267 
 
 DIAPHCENICON 
 
 rate.' A class of diseases characterized by al- 
 terations of secretion. — Gendriji'. 
 
 DIACRIX'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon, 
 Signs i)y which pne disease can be accurately 
 diBcxiiaiiia.t^Aiiomatiothei-.r-differ^n.'tialdiag-. 
 no'sis. 
 
 DIA C YDONITJES, Cydoniatum. 
 
 DIADE'MAj Fitscia cap'itis, B,edimic'ulv/m, 
 from i5;a<rtoi, (3ia, and im, 'to' bind.') 'I sur- 
 roun4.' A sort of bandage; advised in head- 
 ache, in which relaxation of the sutures was 
 apprehended. — ^Foi'estus. 
 
 DIADEX'IS, Diad'oehe, Metatoptp'sis, from 
 iuiiStX't""' (^'"j ^^^ ^E^o^ai, 'to take or re- 
 ceive.') 'I transfer.' 'I succeed to,.' A trans- 
 formation of a disease into another differing 
 from the former both, in its nature and seat. , 
 
 DIADOCHE, Diadexis.- 
 
 DIAD'OSIS, fromJia(!<iJci)^(, 'to distribute.' 
 In some authors, it means -the distribution of 
 nutritive matter oyer the whole body, — in other 
 words, nutrition; whilst, in others, it is syno- 
 nymous with the remission or cessation of'i 
 disease. 
 
 ' DI^DCE'US, from i4, 'double,' and. xtSon, 
 'the parts of generation.' , A monster whose 
 organs of generation and urinary bladder are 
 double. Ithas only. been observed in animals. 
 
 D^^'RESIS, from ViittgEii), iia, and aijEia, ' I 
 take away,' ' I divide,' ' I separate.' A divi- 
 sion or solution of continuity. A surgical 
 operation, which consists in dividing any part 
 of the body.f H(Bmorr/iag"ia'pei'dix'resi9i is 
 hemorrhage owing to separation or division of 
 vessels. .. . _ 
 
 DiiKESis tTNGULiEj Ouychoptosis. 
 
 DI^RETICUS, Caustie:- . , 
 
 DI^TA, Diet — d. Jjactea, Galactodiaeta. 
 
 DI^TE'MA. It has the same signiflcation 
 as diet, with most authors-. Galen gives it a 
 more extensiv& meaning ; comprising, under it, 
 what constitutes Hygiene. , j 
 
 DIETETIC A, Dietetics, 
 
 DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnoi'tici, De- 
 prehen'sio, from Ji<t, and yivo(r.«», ' I know.' 
 £>iseriminatioh,X^ .) Diagnose^ Diagiwsiiqne. 
 That part of medicine whose object is the dis- 
 crimination of diseases, the knowledge of the 
 pathognomonic signs of each. It is one of the 
 most important branches of general pathology. 
 
 Diagnosis, Diffekentiai., see Diacritica 
 signa, 
 
 DIAGNOS'TIC, Discreti'vvs, Diagnos'ticus ; 
 same etymon. A symptom which is characte- 
 ristic of a disease. , , ' 
 
 TO DIAGNOS'TIC ATE,— sometimes "to 
 diagnose." To discriminate one disease or "phe- 
 nomenon from another. 
 
 DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia, 
 
 Diaoeyd'ium Ctdonia'tum, from diagrydi- 
 vm, 'scammony,' and eydonium, 'quince.' A 
 pharmaceutical preparation, obtained by inspis- 
 sating and drying, by' means of heat, two parts 
 of scammony and one of quince juice. It was 
 forniierly used as an pnergetic purgative. 
 
 Diagi^yd'ium GLYCYBRHizA'TiiMr. An analo- 
 gous preparation, containing extract of, liquo- 
 rice in place of quince juice. , 
 
 DiAefEYD'iuM Sulphtjra'tum..-' Scammony, 
 which has been exposed to the vapour of bilrn- 
 ing sulphur. These diagrydia are not now used. 
 
 DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, liitermission. 
 
 DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever. 
 
 DIALEMMA,. Apyrexia. 
 DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from StaXttn'fi»,va), 
 'I intercept.'— Hippocrates -employs this word 
 for "the interstices', or intervals, left between 
 the 'turtls of a bandage. ■ 
 
 DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio., 
 
 DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from Sia,, arid jturic, 
 'solution.' A dissolution or loss 'of strength. 
 Resolu'tio vir'ium. Weakness of the' limbs. 
 Also, a' solution of continuity. 
 
 DIAMANT, Diamond. 
 
 DIAMASTBMA, Masticatory. 
 
 DIAM'BRiE .SPE'CIES. A name given by 
 the ancients to .powders, one of which bore the 
 faaiai^—Spe'cies diam'brsg sine odora'tis, — ths 
 otheir, that of Sp^cieS diam'bra cum odora'tis. 
 The former was composed of dnnamion, angeli- 
 ca rofit, cloves i Tnace^ nutmeg^galjcingaj carda- 
 mom, and numerous other substances ;',the latter, 
 beside^, had ambergris and m/usk. These pow- 
 ders were used as tonics, in cases of debility 
 of the stomafch, and in certain nervous affections. 
 
 DIAMNE.S, Enuresis. 
 
 DrAMOND,^<i'fl;mo«,from », privative, and 
 *a^«tu,'Iconquer.' 'Inviijcible;' (F.) Diamant. 
 So called from its hardness. It is^the most pre- 
 cious of all stones, and was formerly :Conceived 
 to possess extraordinary cordial virtues. 
 
 illAMO'RUM, Rob ex maris, iioiA iia, and 
 fiw^ovj'a mulberry,' An ancient syrup pre- 
 pared vvifh honey and mulberry juice.' It was 
 employed as a gargle in sore throat. — Galea. 
 
 DIAMQ'TO'SIS, from /ioroc, ' charpie,' ' Mnt.' 
 The introductjion of lint into an ulber or wound. 
 
 DIANA, Argenjum. , ■ 
 
 DIANANCAS'lVIUS, from in, and- st»ayKat„, 
 '■ I force.' Coaptatibny reductiour of a ftactUJed 
 or luxated limb. 
 
 DlANCEMA", Imagination. ... 
 
 DIAN'THUS C ARYOpHYL'LUS, from Ait, 
 'Jove,' (?) sit-9o;, 'flower,' and curyophyllum, 
 'the clove.' Clove Pink, Also called, G^ryo- 
 pkyVlum rubrum, Tu'nic£f, Tu'nica horteri' sis ,■ 
 X, rubra, Caryophyl'lus horten'sis. Clove July 
 flower,, Gil'lifibwer, Carna'tion, Order, Cary- 
 ophylleae. (T.) CEillet giroflce, "The* flowers 
 were once much used; but ^re novv only em- 
 ployed in syrup, as a useful and pleasant vehi- 
 cle for other medicines. , , 
 
 DI AP AL'MA, Fhanic"ium Emplas'trum. A - 
 plaster composed of egUalparts of litharge, olive 
 oil, axungfii water, a certain quantity of sulphate 
 of zinc dissolved in water, and white wax. It 
 is classed amongst the topical, desiccative, 
 emollient, resolvent, detersive^ and cicatrizing 
 medicines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight 
 of olive ^ oil, it acquires the consistence of an 
 ointment, and forms the Cerate of Diapal'ma. > 
 
 DIAPASMA, Catapasma. 
 
 DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tw, 
 Fersulta'tib, from iicnrrj^aa, ' I leap through.' 
 Exhalation of blood, in the form of dew, at the- 
 surfaee of the skin, or of any membrane ; Sweat- 
 ing of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sartg,HsemDrrkag"ia 
 per 'diapede'sin, .Hanmatopedefsis; Haemidro'sis. 
 
 DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula. 
 ' DIAPEN'TES OE DI APENTE, f^o'm >T««, and 
 vtvTTi,. ' five.' A medicine compo'aed of five in- 
 gredients. See Diatessaroii. 
 
 'DlAV'tl(K'J'llC01^,Diapha!'nix,Medicam»n'- 
 tum.ex Pal'mulisjitom iia, and (joinJ, 'adate.' 
 A drastic electuary, of virhich the date was'ths 
 chief excipient. 
 
DIAPHORESIS 
 
 268 
 
 DIAPLASMUS 
 
 DIAPHOKE'SIS, from 3ia<p(>^ia, ' (3t», and 
 ^o^iir, ' I convey,') ' I dissipate.' ' A greater de- 
 gree of perspiration than natural, but less thaii 
 in sweating. Every kind of cutaneous evacua- 
 tion. 
 
 DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon ; Ui/^o'- 
 ieus, Diafhoret'ieus. A meditiine which excites 
 diaphoresis. Diaphoretics are very uncertain as 
 a ftlass., The following is a list of the rnost 
 -reputed: — Ammoiiiae Acetatis Liquor; Ammo- 
 niae Carbonas; Antimoiiialispurvis;-Antimphii" 
 et Potassae Tartras; Antimonii Sulphuretum 
 praecipitatum ; Asclepias tubero?a'; Camphora ; 
 Contrayerva ; Dulcamara; Eupatorinm perfolia- 
 tiim ; Guaiaciljignum ; Guaiacum : Ipecacuanha ; 
 Me?ereum; Opium, and its active prifaciple 
 Morphia ; Sarsaparillaj Sassafras ; Setpentaria ; 
 Spiritus jEtheris Nitrici; Sulphur; Xanthoxy- 
 lum; Calorie; Exercise, (active;) and Friction. 
 
 The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given, 
 by some, to continued fever, accompanied with 
 constant perspiration. 
 
 - Diaphoretic, Mineeal, Antimonrum di^pho- 
 reticum. 
 
 DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti- 
 hectic. . . 
 
 DI'APHRAGM, Diilphrdg'ma, DiajihrasiUs, 
 Kespirato'rium VentriSf Discreto'rium, Phrenes, 
 Sephwi transfer' suizij J)iscri*men T^ora'iis et 
 Ventris, Disceptum, Cine'tus, Diazb'ma, Pra- 
 cindtus, Diazof'ma, Diazoa'tral Hy-pexofciis, 
 Hypozo'tna^Perizo'ima^^ Dissep't'umjPiS'Sip'iiim, ^ 
 Pr/BCor'dia, Saccinjigens membra'na vel tmns- 
 culus, Succitic'tus, Sutnnctu'ra^ the Midriff, 
 from Jt*,. ' between,' and if qncrirm, 'I close.' A 
 large, azygous muscle ; stretched transversely 
 between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, 
 which it separates from each other ; tendinous 
 in the centre ; thin, almost circular, and un- 
 equally convex, upwards. It is fleshy at its 
 eircurnference, which is attached to the carti- 
 lage ensiformis, to the last six Tibs, to the apo- 
 neurosis stretched from the last rib to the trans- 
 verse process of the first lumbar vertebra; and, 
 lastly, to the bodies of the first three or four 
 lumbar vertebrae; When it contraclsj its fibres 
 become straighti the chest is enlarged, and the 
 abdomen diminished. It is then an inspiratory 
 muscle. It may, also, dinjinish the capacity of 
 {he chest; a^d be an expiratory muscle. This 
 muscle plays an important part in sighing, 
 yawning, coughing, sneezing, laughing, sob- 
 bing, crying, hiccoughing, singing, vomiting, 
 the excretion of the faeces and urine, the expul- 
 sion of the fcetus, &c. , ^ 
 
 DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum— 
 d. Cerebri, Tentorium^ d.~ Narium, Septum 
 narium — d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri. 
 Septum lucidum. 
 
 'DlKPKR.k.GM.Xl.'GlkjDiaphragmatml'gia, 
 from Aa(f{«yfid, 'the diaphragm,' and ahyts, 
 'pain.' Pain in tlie diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATALGIA,Diaphragmalgia. 
 
 PIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Biaphragmat'icus. 
 Belonging to the diaphragm. A name given to 
 several vessels and nervps. 
 
 Diaphragmat'io or Phkenic Ar'teeies.-^ 
 These are distinguished into superior and infe- 
 rior. The former, called, also, mpradiq.phrag- 
 Bsat'i'e, are two in number, one, on each side. 
 They arise from the internal mammary, and 
 descend along the phrenic nerve, to be distri- 
 buted oji the upper surface of the diaphragm. 
 
 The latter, or infradiaphragmat'ic, are also two 
 in number. ■ They arise from the upper part of 
 the abdominal aorta, or from the coeliac artery, 
 and divide into two principal branches, which 
 are distributed on the lower surface of the dia- 
 phragm and in, its substjince,. 
 
 The superior diaphragm^'in veins fbllbw the 
 same course, as the airteries, and empty them- 
 selves — the right, into the vena cava superior; 
 the left, into the corresiponding Subclavian vein. 
 The tvvo inferior diaphragmatic veins qpen into 
 , the v^ha cava inferior. ' 
 ■ Diapheagmat'ic- Hee'nia, Phrenic Hernia 
 Diaphra^'npatoce' ll. The abdominal viscera are 
 occasionally protrudfed through the diaphragm, 
 either through some of the natural apertures in 
 the muscle,- or thfoughdefic'ienfcies, or wounds, 
 or lacerations in it. . 
 
 DiAEHEAGMAT'ifr Or" Fhesnic NeeveS ar& 
 two in number ; one on the left side, the other 
 on the right. They arise ftrqm the, second and 
 third nerves of the cervical plexus, about the 
 middle of the neck. They receive.two or three 
 filaments from tlie brachial plexus, after which 
 they descend' into the chest at the sides of the 
 pericardium, and are distributed on th& dia- 
 phragm. ■ I 
 
 Diapheag,mat'io Plej^'uses are two in nutn- 
 ber; one right, and the other left. Tjiey arise 
 from the lij^e^ part of the, solar pjexus, by a 
 small number of branches, whith are distri- 
 buted to the diaphragm, follovfing exactly the 
 brandies of the inferior diaphragnlatic arteries. 
 
 Diaphragmat'io Rihg, (F.) Anneau dia- 
 phragmatique of Chaussieur, is a name given to 
 the irregularly quadrilateral aperture, by which 
 the vena. Cava iniferior .passes through the dia- 
 phragm. ■ • ' 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATITISj'Diaphragmitis. 
 
 DIAPHRA6MAT0CELE, see Hernia. 
 
 DIAtHR^GMI'TIS, from i,xfQuy/ii, 'tha 
 diaphragn[i,' .aiid itis, a sufiix denoting, infiara- 
 mation. I)iaphragmati'tis,Inflampaftio sepH 
 transver'si, Pdraphreni'tis; Empresma Pteuri'- 
 iis Diaphragmcei'ida, ParOphrene'sis Diaphrag- 
 mat'ica, Inflam/mation of the Di'dphragin. The 
 terms, Paraphreni'tis and Paraphrene'sis have 
 been obtained from th& peripatetic philosophy, ' 
 which supposed the seat of the (fgijr or soul to 
 be the praecofdia; The- essential syjnptoms of 
 diaphragMitis are :— painful constriction around 
 the praecordia, with small, quick, laborioua 
 breathing. It is a rare disease. 
 
 DIAPHRATTON~H YMEN, Mediastinum- 
 d. Membrana, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIAPHRAXI.S, Diaphragm-. 
 
 DIAPH'THORA, Destruc'tio, from ita and 
 (p9iiStir, ' to corrupt.' Corruption in gene- 
 ral; lUore especially -corruption of the fffitus 
 in utero. — Hippocr. Also, corriiption of the 
 blood in the stomach.-r-Galen.- See Abortion. 
 
 DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic. . 
 
 DIAPH'YSIS, fromi/otfuw, ' I rise between.' 
 Intersti"tium, Di^criinina'tio: ' an interstice, in- 
 terval, division.' Any thing that separates two 
 bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long 
 bone, Corpus Ossis. One of the ligaments ot 
 the knee — Hippocrates, Parfe. 
 
 DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word 
 synonymously with Diap yesis or Sdppueation, 
 others have employed it in opposition toMiopiA. 
 
 DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
 DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction. 
 
DIAPNEUSIS 
 
 DIASTASIS 
 
 DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAENOE, Perspiration. 
 
 DIAPNCEA, Perspiration. 
 
 piAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS, see Per- 
 spiration. 
 
 DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic. 
 
 DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety, jactitstion, from 
 Aan-ojew, ' I doubt.' 
 
 DIAPRU'NUM,, Diaeoceyme'ion. A purga- 
 tive electuary, of vrhich.t}i.e pulps of prunes smd 
 rhubarb formed the basis. By adding' to the dia- 
 prunum simplex a 3'l,th part of powdered scarri- 
 mony,the uiapru'numresoliiti'vumseVLCompos'- 
 itum was foiQied. It was more active than the 
 former. 
 
 DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration. 
 
 DIAPYESiS, Suppuration— d. Oouli, Hypo- 
 pyon. 
 
 D\AVY'ET'lCA.JDyapye!mata,fiom,iia,7rvriiii, 
 iixniniri!, (Jia, and wdov, 'pus,') ' suppuration 
 rMedicines which promote suppuration. . 
 
 DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
 
 D I A R jE'M I A, (F.) Diaremis, from ■ 3ia, 
 ' through,' giB, ' I flow,' and 'atfca, ' blood.? A 
 pathological conditjon^ said to be common in 
 sheep, in which the globules of the blood are 
 diminished in quantity; the l)lood.itsiIf thinner, 
 and .transuding through the coats of the vessels 
 iinto the cavities.^ — Delafore. 
 
 DIARAMip, Diaraemia. 
 
 DI ARIA, Ephemera. . 
 
 DIARRHAGE, aacture. . 
 
 DIARRHCE'A, from Sia, 'through,' and qim, 
 * I flow.' ETUerorrhtB'a^ Inco^tirten'tia alvi, Alvi 
 proflu'viumjA.^fiuxus aquo'suSyVentHs projlu'' 
 miim,Gtxliorrhce'a, Cdliol'ysis, Alvus cita, Ca- 
 cato'Ha, Coprorrhm'a, Catar'rkus intestina'lis^ 
 Alvi fluxus, Rheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Fluayus 
 alvi'nus,La!e'itasalvi,DeJl'ua!io,lMX,Looseness, 
 (F.) Diarrhee, Devoiemeni, Catarrhe intestinal, 
 Flux de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, Courante, 
 A disease characterized by frequent liquid al- 
 vine evacuations, and generally owing to inflam- 
 nmtion or irritation of the mucous membrane 
 of the intestines. It is commonly caused by 
 errors in regimen, the use of food noxious by its 
 quality or quantity, &c., constituting the Diar-< 
 rhoe'a stercora'ria, />. Crapulq'sa'of writers. . It 
 may be acute or chronic. Many varieties have 
 been mafle by some iiosologists — e. g. mucous, — 
 Diarrhea muco'sa, JBlennoche'sia, ■ Blennqdhe'- 
 zia; \)\\\aa.a,-^Ileo-cholo sis, Diarrha'd bilio' sa; 
 serous, — IIydroehe'zia,HydrodiarrkiB^a,Orrho- 
 che'zia ; dependent upon the matters evacuated, 
 piarrhoea requires different treatment, accord- 
 ing to its na:ture, If caused, as it often is, ^by 
 improper matters in the intestinal canal, these 
 must be evacuated ; and the astringent plan of 
 treatment must not be adopted, unless the dis- 
 charges seem kept up by irritability of the intes- 
 tines, or unless they are colliquative. The indis- 
 criminate use of astringei^ts is to be deprecated. 
 A very fatal diarrhcea . prevails amongst the 
 native injiabitants of India, to which Mr.'Tytler 
 has given, the name l>iarrhm^a kec'tica, because, 
 like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos- 
 session of thS constitution, to operate upon it with 
 scarcely any perceptible .intermission, and, in 
 general, to defy the most powerful relnedieS. 
 
 DiAEEHCEA Adifosa, Gr(is-fondure — d. cum 
 Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica, 'Coeliagra — 
 d. Biliosa, see Diarrhoea — d. Carnosa, Dysen- 
 tery— di Chylosa, Cceliac flux — d. Chyraosa, 
 
 Cceliac flux-^d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhcea — d. 
 CrueAta, IlEematochezia— d^ Dyspeptica, Lien- 
 tery — d. Hepatica, Hepatirrhcea — d. Ingesto- 
 rum> Lientery — d. Lienteria, Lientery — d. Mu- 
 cosa, see piarrhoea-^d- Purulenta, Pyochezia — 
 d. Sanguirioleiita, Hsematpchezia-^d. Stercora- 
 ria, see Diarrhoea — d. in Urin4, Diabetes— d. 
 Urinosa, Diabetes. - ' 
 
 .DIARRHOiS'CHESIS, from Diarrhtm, and 
 itx^^ii! ' arrest.' Arrest of a diarrhoea. 
 
 DIARTHRO'DIAL, Diart^^rddia'lis. Re- 
 lating to diarthjoses or movable articulations, as 
 diarthro'dial artioulation* Diarthro'dial carti- 
 lages or incrusting cartilages are the cartilages 
 which investthe articular extremities of bones. 
 
 DIARTHRO'SIS, from iia^dquc, (Std, and 
 itq6(iom,) 'I separate the limbs,' .'I articulate.' 
 Deartieultt'tiq, Prosarthr-o' sis , Aparthro'sis, 
 Abarticuld'tio, Coarticnla'iio, Perarticula'tio, 
 Rota'tio, (F.) -Embt^urc'.' A movable articu- 
 lation.^ One'- v^hich permits the bones to move 
 freely on each other ^ in ' every direction, as in 
 the case of the shoulder joint. 
 
 DIASATYR'ION, from ita, and o-«Tj,g/or, 
 .' the orchis mas'cula.' An electuary, of which 
 this plant formed the basis. (•?)-^Myrepsus. 
 The ancients attributed to it the faculty of ex- 
 citing the organs of generation. 
 
 DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate. 
 
 DIASCOR'DIUM, from iia., and OM^iior, 
 ' the water germander.' An elecstuary, so called 
 because this plant, entered into its coiiiposition. 
 The Parisian codex has a formula for its pre- 
 paration,jjnder the title, Electudrium opia'tum 
 astrin'gens vel diascor' dium,-{R.fol.^cord^Ssi, 
 rosar,rubr.;bistort,rad,,g6ntiancB,tormentillcEi 
 sem. berber. aa gss, zingib.f piper,, long, aa Jjij, 
 cassia lignecs, cinnamom., dictamn,. Cretens., 
 styrac.calamit.,galb(im.,gum.acaeiaa^ss,bol, 
 oriental. prapa^.^ij, extract vinos.opii.^ij, mel. 
 rosat. prap. Bij, vin. hispdn. ffiss: fiaf electua- 
 rium.) In place of the styrax ealamita, the 
 balsam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The 
 opium is, in this preparation, in the proportion 
 of .1 to 184. The diascordium is epnployed in 
 diarrhcea an J dy/seutery, as a tonic, stomachic, 
 and astringent. The common dose is frpm a 
 scruple to a drachm and a half. See Pulvis 
 cretse compositus. 
 
 DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic. 
 
 DIASPASIS, Divulsio. , 
 
 DIASPER'MATON. The ancient name of 
 two cataplasms,, composed of seed.— -Galen, 
 Paulus. , - 1 
 
 DIASPHYXIS, Pulse. Also, a violent beat 
 of the pulse. 
 
 DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic. 
 
 DIASTAS.^'MlA, (F.) Diastasemie, from 
 Staa-xtia-tg, 'separation,' aiid 'ai^or, 'blood.' A 
 pathological condition, characterized bya sepa- 
 ratlrai of thfe elements of the blood globules; — 
 the fibrin and albumen separating also from 
 the colouring matter, whilst the fibrin attaches 
 itself to the valves of the heart. — Delafore. 
 
 BIAS TASE. Same etymon as the next but 
 one. A vegetable principle, allied in its gene- 
 ral properties to. gluten, which appears in the 
 germination of barley anft other seeds, and, by 
 its presence, converts ; their starch into sugar 
 and gum. • ,j ■ j 
 
 BIASTAS&MIE, Diastasaemia. 
 
 DIASTASIS, from St<t, and (o-ri;?!/, ' to place,' 
 
DIASTEMA 
 
 270 
 
 DIATRION 
 
 •separation,' 'distance.' Diaste'ma, bissiden'- 
 tia. A separation of bonieS., and particularly of 
 the bones of the cranium, from each other ;^ of 
 the radius.from the uhia, and tlie fibula froiji the 
 tibia. The ancients used this word to desig-' 
 nate the three dimensions of the body, — 'lengths 
 breadth, and thickness ; fop the interval sep4- 
 rating the patient from the phy^cian; the STvell-: 
 ing of varicose Veins ; th6 time at whict some 
 chjinge occurred in disease, &c. 
 
 -DIASTEMA, Diastasis, interstice. 
 
 DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from Siarrfip.*, 
 ' interstice,' and iwrpov, '•■('agina.' An organic 
 deviation, chatacterized, by a longitudinal' di- 
 vision or fissure of the vagina.— Breschet. 
 
 PIASTBIMATENCEPHA'tlA. from ^.«- 
 OTi/iBa, and e'yxEipoiotj-'the brain.' An organic 
 deviation, consisting in a longitudinal division 
 of the brain.— Breschet. 
 
 DIASTEMA'TI A, from Siarrrina. A term 
 employed by Breschet for an organic deviation, 
 characterized by the presence of a fissure in ^e 
 mesial line of the body. ■ 
 
 DIASTEMATOCAU'LlA,^from iixrjtriu.a, 
 andxKuX«, 'trunk.' An organic deviation, pha- 
 racterized by a longitudinal division of the trunk. 
 
 DrASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from ^^m^a, 
 and jfeixot, 'the.lip.' An organic deviation, 
 consisting in a longitndmal division or fissure 
 of the lip. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA; from iiuTrtifia 
 and xpanov, ' the cranitrai,' An organic devia- 
 tion, consisting in a longitudinal deviation of 
 the cranium. 
 
 DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA, from dmaTtifia., 
 and Kvaric, 'bladder.'^ An organic deviation, 
 chai:acterized by a. longitudinal division of the 
 urinary bladder. 
 
 DIABTEMATOGAS'TRIA, from Siaorrjua, 
 and yaartiff' the stomach.' An organic devia- 
 tion,,c4arkcterized by ^ longitudinal division of 
 the stomach, " . ' 
 
 DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from iidaTtina, 
 and yXmooo, 'tongue.' -An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division or fis- 
 sure of the tonguei 
 
 DIASTI;MAT0GNATHIA, from Siaartina, 
 and yvd6o(;, 'jaw.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 racterized by a longitudinal division of the jaw. 
 
 DIASTEMATOME'TRIA, from dtaarntid, 
 and fitiTfa, ' womb.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 racterized by a longitudinal division or fissure 
 of the womb. 
 
 DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from imnrr,fia, 
 and nvclof, 'pelvis.' An organic deviation, 
 characterized by a longitudinal division or fis- 
 sure of thi pelvis. 
 
 DIASTEMATORA'GHIA, from Simtyiu.*, 
 and fi-z'S> 'spine.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 racterized by a longitudinal division or fissure 
 of the spine. 
 
 DIA-STEMATORHI'NIA, , from J/i(it->;«», 
 
 and f iw, ' the nose.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 
 ' raoterized by a longitudinal division of the nose. 
 
 DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, fro^ diaa- 
 rijua^aad a-Txtv^t;, ^uvula.' An organic devia- 
 t'on, characterized by a lorigitudinaldivision of 
 the uvula. 
 
 DIASTEMATdSTER'NIA,' from iiaarma, 
 and OTii'vov, ' the sternum.' An Organic devia- 
 tion, characterized "by a longitudinal division of 
 the sternum. . 
 
 DIASTEMENTER'IA, from Sia^rt,^, and 
 
 intptf,' intestine.' An organic deviation, cha- 
 faeterized by a longitiidinal division of the in- 
 testine. ^ ' ^ 
 
 DIAS'TOLE, from iiooTjWo, (*a and »Ttaj«, 
 ' I send,') ' I dilate.,' ' I open.' Relaxa'tio seu 
 Remis'sio cordis et arteria'ruTn. Dilatation of 
 the heart and arteries, when the blood enters 
 their cavities. It is tjie opposite movement to 
 systoU, in which the heart and arteries contract 
 to send forth the blood. ViastoU and systole 
 are, consequently, successive movements. Dia- 
 stole, Metus cordis diastal'ticiis, occurs sirniil- 
 taneously in the two ventricle*. The alinost 
 inappreciable time^ wl(ich elapses between the 
 diastole and systole has been called iperisys'ioli, 
 and that' which succeeds to the diastole,- peri'dia- 
 stole. When we speak of the contraction or 
 systole of the heart, as well as of its diastole or 
 dilatizfion,- we mean that of the yeatricles. 
 This dilatation is active. ^ 
 
 DUSTOXEUS,. Dilator. 
 ' DlAS'TOLIC, Diastol'icusj/ Diastal'tiius; 
 same etymdn. Belonging to the diastole of the 
 hearts — as ' diastolic impulseof the heart.' , 
 
 DlAStOLIC ImPUI,SE of THE HeAKT, -866 Ifll- 
 
 pnlse, diastolip. ' " "> 
 
 ■ DIASTGMO'TRIS, from iiafrofioa, (dia, and 
 o-Ts/ia, • mouth.') ;, ' IdiMe an aperture;' Di- 
 lating instruments," such as the different kinds 
 of specula for the 'mouth, anus, vagina, &c. ' 
 
 DIASTREMMA, Distortion, - Perversion, 
 Sprain. ' . 
 
 DIASTROPHE, Distortion, Perversion, 
 Sprain. . / ^ , 
 
 DIAT*ASIS, Disten'sio, froip iiareiiu, (J/«, 
 and reivia, ' I stretch,') 'I distend.' Tension. 
 The reduction of a fractuire by extension and 
 counter-extension. 
 
 DIATES'SARON, from Sid, and TsMoftf, 
 'four.' An electuary, into the composition of 
 which entered fq,ur .ftiedicines ; viz. (he roots of 
 gentian and> aristolochia rotVinda', and' baj/'her- 
 ries, each ^^ij, AoraeyBij. -The whole was in- 
 corporated with e'xtraet of juniper. The rfta- 
 pentes is nothing more than - this electuary, 
 niixed with two ounces of ivory shavings. The 
 Matessaron is tonic, and it was formerly em- 
 ployed in cases of stings and bites of venomous 
 animals. It was regarded as emn\enagogue, 
 -alexiterial, and alexipharmic. 
 
 DIATH'ESIS,froma(aTiSi)/i(,(9i«)andTiSvij 
 'to place,') 'I dispose.' Disposition, constitu- 
 tion, affection of the body: predisposition to 
 certain diseases rather than to others ; — (F.^ Im- 
 minent morbide. The principal diatheses, men- 
 tioned by authors, are the cancerous, scrofulous, 
 scorbutic, rheumatic, gotbty and calculous^ , 
 
 Diathesis HjEMOerhoidalis, see Haemor- 
 rhoids — d. Hemorrhagic, Hematojihilia— d. Ner- 
 vosa, Nervous diathesis — d. Sthenici, Sthenia. 
 
 DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder com; 
 posed of g'M^ trdgacanth, ^ij.gtmi Arabic, ^j 
 and gij, starch, §ss, liquorice,- ^iij, as much of 
 the seed of the rrielon, dnd'fvhit^ poppy; seeds of 
 the water-melon, cucumher, arid gourd, and su- 
 gar candy ^iij. It was Used as a demulcent. 
 
 DIATRESIS, Perforation. 
 
 DIATRIMMA, Chafing. 
 
 DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion. 
 
 DIATRI'ON, Diatri'wm, from *w, and T{«if, 
 ' three.' . A medicine composed of three ingre- 
 dients. There were formerly two, kinds. The 
 first was called Diatri'um Pipe'reon spe'cies, 
 
DIATRITATUI 
 
 271 
 
 DIET 
 
 and was foimed of black and long pepper, ani- 
 seed, thyme, and ginger. It was highly stimu- 
 lating. The second species was known under 
 the name, Diatrinsanitalon, "Diatri'um Santalo'- 
 rum pulitis, or PoiBAer of the three Sanders. 
 They were considered diaphoretic. ' 
 
 DIATRITA'RIL The Methodists were so 
 
 calledj who pretended to cure all diseases by sub- 
 
 jecting'the patients to treatment every third day. 
 
 BIAT'RITOS,. .Relating to every third day. 
 
 A means used by the'Methodisls to cute disease. 
 
 DIAZOMA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOSMA., Diaphragm. 
 
 DIAZOS'TER, from Stat,avvvi/it (f(o, ,and 
 Co)»vu|Ui," 'to gird,') 'I surround.' The twelfth 
 vertebra of the back, because it corresponds to 
 the girdle, t(OD-Ti)g. 
 
 DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm. 
 
 DICEPHALIXIM, Bic'ephalium. 
 
 DICEPH'ALUSjBicepAWwi, Derotfymus et 
 lod'ymus, Janus, fronri it, 'double,' and %stfaXri, 
 'head.' A monster with two heads. 
 
 DICERAS ViVD^i'Ditrachyceras'rudis, see 
 Worms. - 
 
 DICHAL'OOJ!^. A weight, equal to a third 
 part of the obolus. 
 
 DICHOPHY'IA, from .*>•«, «d(juble,' and 
 ;, <()uo>, ' I grow-' A disease of the hairs, in which 
 they split and grow forked. 
 
 DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal. 
 
 DICLIDOSTO'SIS,' from SixXk, 'a double 
 door,' and oa^uMrit, 'Ossification."^ Ossification 
 of valves — as of the heart. 
 
 DICLIS, Valve. ■ 
 
 DICOR'TPHtrS,Z)iera»Ks; from ii, 'double,' 
 and xoQvifri, 'the crown if the head.' A mon- 
 ster with a double vertex or cranium. 
 
 DicoBYPHns DxHVPOGASTEiDS, Hemipages. 
 
 DICRANUS, Dicoryphus. 
 
 Dl'CStOTV?,, Bisfer'iens, from Sig, 'twice,' 
 and Kgouco,~'I striKe.' An epithet given to the 
 pulse, when it seems to beat twjce as fast as 
 usual. It is gynoriymouB. with the teim, re- 
 iounding pulse, — ihe artery rebounding after 
 striking, so as to convey the sensation of a 
 4louble pulsation. It. has been considered, and 
 . with truth, to frequently foretell hemorrhage. 
 In bad cases of typhus, it certainly announces 
 such a tendency. 
 
 DICTAMNE, DictamruiB albus— (i- de Crete, 
 Origanuni dictamnus'. 
 
 DICTAM'NUS ALBUS; from Dietamnus,a 
 town in Crete; White Fraainel' la, or Bastard 
 Dittany, Frcf!KinS'la,(^ ,) Dietamne, Pra^nelle. 
 The fresh root has been considered nerviiie, 
 anthelmintic, and emmenagogue. It is n.ot used. 
 
 DioTAMNus CfeETicus, Wlganum dictamnus. 
 
 DICTYITIS, Retinitis. 
 
 DICTYON, Rete. 
 . DIDELPHYS; Dihysteria. 
 
 DIDYMAl'GIA, from hiuij.ii,' the testicles,' 
 and ttXyot, ' pain.' Pain in the testicles. 
 ■ DIDYMIS, Epididymis. 
 
 DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 DIDYMOS, Gemellus. ■ ' , 
 
 DIDYMUS, Testicle— d, Symphyogastrius, 
 Gastrodidymus — d>Syhiphyohypoga3tricus,Hy- 
 pogastroiiidymus — ^d. Symphyopevinaeus, Pygo- 
 didymus — d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thora- 
 cogastrodidymus. ^ 
 
 DIECBOL'ION, from ha, and mfaXXa, ' I cast 
 out.' A name given, by the ancients, to a re- 
 medy which they jbelieved capaljle of producing 
 abortion., 
 
 dierenbach; mineral waters of. 
 
 Digrenbach is a city in Bavaria, two leagues 
 from which is a sulphurous spring. ) . 
 
 DIES, He'merd. A day: (¥.) Jour. -The 
 day is, properly, the period during whi'ih the 
 solar light illumine^ our horizon: but com- 
 monly, alsOj'we designate by the word day the 
 period of 94 hours or Nycthe'meron, which is 
 frequently divided into four parts — morning, 
 midday, evening, and midnight, In antiquity, 
 great importance was attached to the observa- 
 tion of days iij disease., The medical day if 
 usually, reckoned at 24 hours; universally in es- 
 timating the duration of a disease. In parts oi 
 the United State^, it comprises only the timt 
 when^ the sun is abo've the horizon, as regards 
 the administration of iiiedicine. If a medicine 
 be ordered t^ b^ talcen four times a day, it if 
 understood to mean during the 18 hours of day 
 
 Dies Caniopj,ab.es, see Canicula — d. Con- 
 itemplabiles. Critical days' — d. Contemplantes, 
 Indicating days— rd. Critici/ Critical days — d, 
 Decretorii, Critical days-^d; Indicantes, Indi- 
 cating, days — d. Indicatorii, Indicating days— d 
 Ljdices, Indicating 4ays — d. Internuntii, Criti- 
 -ca,l days — d. Judicatorii, Critical days — d. Ra- 
 dicales. Critical days. 
 
 DIET, Dia'ta, Uicetn'ma, Ra'tio victiis. Ori 
 ginally, this word signified nearly the same thin^ 
 as HygiJene and 'Regimen, that is. Diet was th( 
 employihent of every ^tiling necessary for th< 
 preservation of health and life. At the preseni 
 day; it signifies a particular kind of food, and 
 at1;ime8',;a privation 'of food and drinkj.; — absti- 
 nence. To put any "one upon diet, (F.) Mettri 
 quelqn'un a la diite, meains to Seprive him o. 
 ^is usual nourishment : — milk diet, means a diei 
 of milk, &c. See Aliment, Dietetics, Hygiene 
 and Regimen. 
 
 Diet Scale. Every well regulated hospita 
 has certain dietetic regulations. The following 
 Table of Dietary shows the particular regimer 
 selected for the sick, in certain hospitals'. 
 
DIET 
 
 872 
 
 DIET 
 
 DIET-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT (BRITAIN, IRELAND 
 AND THE UNITED STATES. 
 1. ENGLAND, -^ 
 LoAfDON Hospitals. 
 1. London HospitaL ' < 
 
 
 cbu&CbN DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 * LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIBTi ■ 
 
 la (M. Briad.- 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Pfrdp,v...--..\ 
 
 1 pint Porter, 'Mm. 
 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 Breakfast 
 
 }j pint dp, WMieri. 
 Gruel. • " ,' . 
 
 
 GrueL 
 
 Gruel. 
 
 
 8 ra. Beef, with Po- 
 . tatoes, thrice a 
 
 week. 
 8 oz. Mut^, with 
 
 The same, except 
 ;thst,4oz.(tfMeat 
 ''shall he given in- 
 
 
 
 Dinner. , 
 
 Potatoes, twkfe' a 
 week. I 
 8 oz. Pcotatqes and 
 
 stead of 8 oz. 
 
 Broth. 
 
 1 pint MUk. 
 
 
 S(fap,y(rithyeget,a- 
 
 
 , 
 
 ■■, 
 
 
 bles, twice aiwedi. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 pint of Broth. 
 
 , 
 
 Gmel or Broth. 
 
 1 jnnt Milk. ' 
 
 
 
 3. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 
 
 
 
 common" DIET. 
 
 X BROTH DIET. 
 
 THIN. OR FEVER DIET. 
 
 ■ 
 MjLK mil. 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 
 Milk Porridge. 
 
 Milk Porridgp.' ' • 
 
 
 12 oz. Biread. , 
 
 , 
 
 13 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 
 6 oz. Mutton or Beef 
 
 
 1 pintof Milk; with 
 
 2pts.Milk,withTq:- 
 
 
 1 pint Broth [with 
 
 Milk Poirridge. 
 
 . Tapio^ Arrow 
 
 pioca, Arrow-rool, 
 Sago, <x Sice, aa 
 
 
 ' Peas or Potatoes, 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 root, Sago, or Kice, 
 
 Daily ....".... ■{ 
 
 4 times a week.] 
 
 2 pints Broth. 
 
 as may {le, {ire- 
 
 may Ik piBscnjiea, 
 
 
 3 pints Beer, Men. 
 
 1 pint Beer. 
 
 scribed. 
 
 Barley watei;. 
 
 
 1 pint, Women. ■ 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 Bailey water. 
 
 1 <n. Butter. 
 
 
 1 oz. Butter, twice a 
 
 
 
 Bread Pudding,ttiiee 
 
 1 
 
 ' week. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 timesaweek.Wheri 
 
 -7-1 ^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 V 1 ordered. , ] 
 
 
 s 3. St 
 
 . Thomas's Hospital 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Daily | 
 
 ' TOLL DIET.. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 DRY DIKT. 
 
 PiyER DIET. 
 
 3 pints. Beer; 14 dz- 
 Bread. 
 
 12 osi.' Bread. 
 
 14 OZ. Bread, 2 piiits 12 oz. Bread'; tvvo 
 Beer. pints Beer. 
 
 Breakfast 
 
 Water Giru^. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 Water Gruel , Water Grael. 
 
 ' 
 
 4 lb.of Beef, when dress-' 
 
 1 pint Milk, 4 times 
 
 4 oz. Butter. 4 times J lb. Bee^for tea. 
 
 
 ed.twice a vyeek; 4 oz. 
 
 a week. 
 
 awegk; Rice Pud- 1 
 
 Dinner ■ 
 
 Butter, or 6 oz. of 
 
 Rice Puddingi'thrice 
 
 ding and 4 oz. of 
 
 
 Cheese,thrioea week^ 
 
 a week. < 
 
 Butter, three times 
 
 
 > ■ 
 
 i lb. Mutton, when 
 
 ' 
 
 a week. 
 
 
 
 boiled, thrice a week. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 Supper < 
 
 1 pt. Brcitl), 4 times a 
 week. '■ ■ 
 
 1 pmt Milk. 
 
 
 
 4. St. Georges Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast ? 
 f 
 
 Dinner. . 
 
 L 
 
 Supper. . c 
 
 EXTRA DIET. 
 
 OR,pINARY DIET, 
 
 12 oz.; Bread. 
 
 ,Men. 
 2 pints Beer. 
 Women., 
 1| pints Beer. 
 1 pint'Tea. 
 i pint Milk. ■ 
 12 oz. Meat, 
 roasted 
 (weighed 
 with the bone 
 before it is 
 dressed) four 
 days, — boiled; 
 three days. ^ 
 lb. Potatoes. 
 1 pint Gruel, 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 13 oz. Bread. 
 1 pint Beer, 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 i. pint Milk. 
 
 One-half of the 
 meat allow 
 ed for extra 
 diet. 
 
 i lb. Totatoes. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 FISH DIET. 
 
 12 OE. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 oz. of plain 
 boiled white 
 fish(as 'Whi- 
 ting, Plaice, 
 Flounders, 
 orlladdock.) 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 FEVER^DIET. 
 
 12 OZ. Bre^d. 
 
 Barley Water 
 
 ad aidtum. . 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 Arrow-root, 
 ' &c., must be 
 specially di- 
 rected. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 BROTH DIET 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 1 pint Broth'. 
 6 oz. light Pud 
 ding. 
 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 12 oz. Bread- 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 J, pint Milk. 
 
 1^ pints Rice. 
 Milk four - 
 days. 
 
 I lb. Bread or 
 
 Rice Pudding 
 
 three days, 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
DIET 
 
 273 
 
 DIET 
 
 5. Quy's Hifspital. 
 
 Daily . 
 
 L 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 14 OZ. Bread. 
 14 oz. Butter. 
 I qt. Tahle Beer 
 8 oz. Meat, when 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 I d oz. Bi«ad. 
 I^oz. Butter..' 
 1 pt. Table Beer. 
 4 oz. Meat, when 
 
 dressed, abd 
 i pint Broth. 
 
 LOW DIET, 
 
 13 oz. Bread. ' 
 I oz. Butter. 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 I Si oz. Bread.. 
 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 
 2 pints Milk. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 t> OZ. Bread. 
 1 oz. Butter. 
 Tea and Sugar. 
 
 Half a pound pf Beef, (for Beef-tea,) or Anow- 
 root or Sago, when ordered. 
 
 For each diet, Gruel or Barley-water, as required. 
 
 6. Westminster Hospital. 
 
 . - "■• ' ■ 
 
 FULL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 SPOON, OR 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 INCORABLES' 
 DIET. 
 
 
 
 Fixed. 
 
 Casual. 
 
 
 
 Daily^.'.. . 
 
 14 OZ. Bread. 
 
 10 OZ. Bread. 
 
 ^ lb. Bread, 
 
 
 i lb. Bread. 
 
 J 4b. Bread.) 
 i lb. Meat. 
 1 lb. Potatoes. 
 1 pint MUk. 
 1 pint Porter. 
 
 < ( 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 rant Milk 
 Porridge, or 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 -, . — 
 
 1 pint of Tea, 
 
 
 Breakfasts 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 ' 
 
 t' 
 
 Rice Gruel 
 
 thin Gruel. 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 ' 
 
 and MUk. 
 
 
 
 i lb. Meat, 
 roasted, boiled, 
 
 i lb. Meat, 
 roasted, boiled, 
 
 No fixed Diet 
 for Dinner. 
 
 1 pint Broth, 
 or 1 lb. of 
 
 Barley Water. 
 
 
 Dinner.^- 
 
 or chops. ' 
 
 J lb. of Pota- 
 
 toes. 
 
 or chops. 
 i lb. of Pota- 
 
 
 Bread; ot Rice 
 
 Pudding, or 
 
 Ipt. Beef Tea, 
 
 
 . ' 
 
 » t 
 
 
 toes 
 
 
 or a Chop, 
 or Fish. 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Milk 
 
 1 pint Tea, 
 
 
 
 1 pint of Tea, 
 
 
 Supper..^ 
 
 Porridge, or 
 
 Porrtdge or 
 
 with Sugar 
 
 
 with Sugar, 
 
 
 i 
 
 Bice-Sruel. 
 
 , thin Gruel. 
 
 and Milk. . 
 
 
 and Milk. 
 
 - 
 
 
 7. 
 
 Middlesex Hospital. 
 
 
 
 
 DI:£TA GARNII, 
 
 DI^TA jnSCULI, 
 OR 
 
 DIJ&TA. LACTIS, 
 
 DI.ETA SIMPLEX, 
 
 
 , 
 
 oa , 
 
 OR 
 
 OR 
 
 CANCER DIET. 
 
 Dfiily 
 
 MEAT DIET. 
 
 800P DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 SIMPLE DrST. 
 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 12 oz. Bread. 
 
 6 OZ. Bread. 
 
 12 OZ. Bread. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 I lb. Meat. 
 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 1 lb Potatoes. 
 1 pint, Milk. 
 
 ^Breakfast..... 
 
 1 pint-Milk. 
 
 1 pint Milkl 
 
 1 pint milk. 
 
 1 pint Barley 
 water. 
 
 
 ■ ^ ' 
 
 P.hysician'.s Parents. 
 
 1 pint Spvip 
 
 i pint Milk 
 
 I pint Gruel. 
 
 
 ■ ... I 
 
 ^.ib. Potatoes, 4 oz. 
 
 made with' 4 
 
 with Rice- pud- 
 
 
 
 
 dressed meat (beef or 
 
 oz. Beef, alter- 
 
 ding, 4 days, 
 
 
 
 
 mutton,) roas^ and 
 
 nately with 1 
 
 and with Bat- 
 
 
 
 
 boiled alternately, 4 
 
 pint of Broth 
 
 ter-ptidding, 3 
 
 
 
 
 days. 
 
 with Barley. 
 
 days. 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 4 oz. Meat in Soup, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Diimw 
 
 3 days. 
 
 Surgeon's Patients. 
 ,i lb. Potatoes, .4 oaf. 
 dressed meat -(beef or 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 mutton,) roast and 
 Tjoiled alternately. - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ( 
 
 1 pint Gruel alternate- 
 
 1 pint Gruel.- 
 
 i pint Milk or 
 
 ,1 pint Grue} 
 
 
 Supper. < 
 
 ly , with 1 pint of Bar- 
 
 
 1 pint- GrueL 
 
 or Barley-wa- 
 
 
 ( 
 
 ley-water. 
 
 . 
 
 
 ter. .,1 1 
 
 
 8. North. London Hospita). 
 
 • 
 
 Daily -^ 
 
 POLL DIET. 
 
 MIDDLE D:ET. 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 MILK DIET. 
 
 16 OZ. Bread. 
 
 i pint Milk. 
 
 1 lb. Meat and 1 lb. 
 
 Potatoes 4 days. 
 ' 1 pint Soup or Rice 
 3 days. 
 
 16 oz. Bread. 
 i pint Milk, 
 l.piht Soup or 
 
 , 8 OZ Bread. 
 • i pint Milk. 
 Oatmeal for 
 . Gniel. 
 
 , 17 OZ. Bread. 
 2 pints MUk. 
 
DIET 
 
 274 
 
 DIET 
 
 
 
 9. King's Ci 
 
 ilkge Hospital. 
 
 
 
 Daily i 
 
 Breakfast.. J 
 Dinner < 
 
 Suppir. . .. J 
 
 FDttDIIT. 
 
 MIDDLE DIET. 
 
 ' MILK DIET, 
 
 LOW DIET. 
 
 FEVER DIET. 
 
 1 pint Beer, or 
 J pint Porter. 
 14 oz. Bread.' 
 1 pint Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 4 lb. Meat 
 1 lb. Potatoes; 
 1 pint Milk Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 14 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 pint MflE Por- 
 ridge. 
 
 i -lb. Meat 
 
 ^ lb. Potatoes. 
 
 1 pint Milk Por^ 
 ridge. 
 
 1 lb. Bread. 
 
 ipiiitMilk. 
 1 pint MUk. 
 1 pint Gruel. 
 
 8 oz. Bread. 
 
 1 pint Gi^el. 
 
 J pint Broth. ' 
 
 1 pint Milk Por 
 ridge. 
 
 1 pint 6meL 
 
 2 pints Barler 
 Water. 
 
 1 pint ftlilk Por- 
 ridge. ■ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 ^0. Dreadnought Hospital Ship 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 Breakfast. < 
 Dinner ....i 
 
 Supper.. . J 
 
 FOtE DIET. 
 
 OR'DINi.'RY DIET. ' 
 
 LOW d:et. 
 
 UILK DIET. 
 
 TEVER piEI. 
 
 1 pint Tea. 
 lib. Bread. 
 
 1 lb. Meat 
 •■1 lb. Potatoes. 
 
 2 pints Beer, (if 
 ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth. 
 
 Ditto. 
 ' Ditto. , 
 i lb. Meat. . 
 ^ lb. Potatoes. 
 1 pint Beer, (if 
 ordered.) 
 
 1 pint Broth or 
 Gruel. 
 
 . Ditto. 
 ^ lb..Bread. 
 
 
 
 1 pint of Beef 
 Tea. 
 
 l.pint Gruel or 
 ■jyiilk, (if or- 
 dered.) ' r 
 
 Ditto. 
 1 lb. Brfead. 
 
 1 pint Milk. 
 
 I pint Milk. 
 
 t 
 
 • Ditto. 
 
 Gruel'. 
 
 Gruel or Barley- 
 -Water. 
 
 HosprrALs. 
 
 ORUiNARr Diet. 
 
 Low Diet. 
 
 LlVEHPOOL. 
 
 Breakfast. — A pint of milk porridge, breaded" every 
 
 moinii)g. ' •- , 
 
 Dinner-. — 1, 5, 7*)-^Boiled beef and vbl 
 
 .(2)^Rice, milk, aiid bread. ^(3)— Stewed beef and 
 
 potatoes.-^ — (4) — Pea soup and bre^.^-i^(6)^Ale, 
 gruel,>and bread, 
 
 •A piiit of broth and bread on Sunday and 
 
 Thursday. A pint of milk .and bread on the other days. 
 
 •The same as the ordinary diet 
 
 E'oLt Diet.- 
 
 Consists throughout the day ol 
 milk porridg4'eonimon bat- 
 ter, or rice pudding. 
 , . J • ' 
 
 The ale and beer are bought 
 
 Bristol. 
 
 Breakfast. — On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur. 
 day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 
 meat broth i 12 oz. of bread on meat days; 14 oz. on the 
 other days. ■ 
 
 Dinner. — (!', 3, 5) — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, 
 with vegetables; two pints of heer dafly.— (2,4, 6, 7) 
 
 ' —A pint of grbel or pap. , , 
 
 Supper. — A wine pint of grnel ef meal broth, on Sunday ; 
 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one fourth of an oz. of but- 
 ter for the women,, on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 
 andSaturdayl 
 
 Full Diet.— The, patients have meat every day. 
 
 Bretikfast. — A wine quart of 
 i^Ik porridge or miUL. 
 
 Dinner. — A wine quart of 
 weak broth. 
 
 Supper. — ^The same as break- 
 fast,' 14 oz. of bread, and bar- 
 ley waier for common drink. 
 
 Twenty bushels of malt, 15 
 pounds of hops, to 14 gals, of 
 strong ale; 21- bushels of 
 malt, and 12 pounds of hops, 
 to 360 gals, of ale; U bush- 
 els of malt, 7 pounds of hops, 
 to 360 gals, of small beer. 
 
 BlRHlNGHAM. 
 
 Revised 1819. 
 
 iBreakfast. — To each man a pint and, a-half of milk por 
 ridge, with 4'Oz. of bread added to it To each woman 
 or child, one pint of milk ,\)brridge, without bread. To 
 each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. 
 
 Dinner. — (I, 3, 5) — To each man 8oz. of baked or boiled 
 meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz , To each patient, 
 
 6 oz. ofvegetables, and orte pint of beer daily. (2) — 
 
 Toeach man, a quart of rice or barley broth,, made 
 vvith a variety of vegetables; to each woman or child, 
 
 one-pint and a-half. (4)^TwelVe otinces of boUed 
 
 rice or bread pijdding. (6) — Four oz. of -boile^ or 
 
 baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with 
 a variety of, vegetables.-;^ — (7)— Six oz. of bakect rice 
 or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, made 
 with a variety of vegetables. 
 
 Sufiper. — A pint' of broth, milk porridge, or gruel. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet 
 Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6'oz. of vegeta- 
 bles, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, the 
 same as ordinary diet 
 
 Breakfti'st.—TbB same as or 
 duiary diet 
 
 Oiniier. — A pint of broth or 
 rice milk, 6 oz. of baked rice 
 
 J or bread pudding to each pa- 
 tient every day. 
 
 Supper. — The same as' orfi 
 nary diet 
 
 The figures in parenthese^ denote the days of the week. 
 
DIET 
 
 275 
 
 DIET 
 
 n. SCOTLAND. 
 
 EDlNBUaOH. 
 
 Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of milk 
 or beer; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine bread, 
 milk or'beer. , , , 
 
 Dinner.— {\, 4) — One choppin of broth, 8 ounces of 
 butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beefsteak ;• five 
 and one-fourtlx ounces of bread. — (2, 5, 7)^-A choppin 
 of broth made of beef and bones, barley,, groats, pota- 
 toes, and vegetables; five and a-half ounces of bread. 
 
 (3, 6) — Potato soup, vvith beef and veal, or bon*; 
 
 bread as above. ' 
 
 Slipper.— i\s the breakfast each day. 
 
 IFoll Diet. — At discretion. 
 
 At discretion. 
 
 .Glasgow. 
 
 BreaJcfdst. — Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with half 
 a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of buttermilk 
 
 . . or beer. 
 
 Dinner. — (l)^-Broth made of barley, vegetables, and the 
 dripping of the meat roasted during the week, with a 
 
 quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman. (SJ, 4) 
 
 — Beef boiled: 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the women ; 
 a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a' woman, or vege- At discretion, 
 tablesr-- — (3, 6)— Broth, made with bee^ barley, and 
 vegetables; a quartern loaf to men, and h^f to women. 
 
 (5) — Potato soup,' with cow heels, bones, &c — 
 
 (7)^-Bix oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to women ; bread as 
 above. 
 
 S»pper.-^As the breakfast each day, 
 
 Fdll Diet. — .At discretion. 
 
 
 III. IRELAND. 
 
 
 5. Hospitals 
 
 of House of 
 
 Industry. 
 
 Per diem. — Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of-new 
 milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. 
 
 Full Diet. — Two ounces of bread per diewi, one quart of 
 'broth, one quart of new milk. ' ■ _, 
 
 One pint of flummery per 
 diem, one quart of new 
 ™ilk, and ene quart pf but- 
 termilk fpr whey. 
 
 Stephen's 
 Hospital. ' 
 
 Breakfast. — Half a pound of bread, one pint of mijk. 
 
 Dinner. — fl , 8, 3, 5, 7)rl-One quart pf soup, half a ppund 
 of bread,, oi: two pounds of potatoes; one pint of milk or 
 
 beer!: (4, 6) — Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of 
 
 sweetened gruel. 
 
 Daily, half a pound pf bread, 
 twp quarts pf new milk, and 
 one quart of buttermilk. 
 
 Royal Hospi- 
 tal, Phoonix 
 Park. 
 
 Breakfast. — One pmt of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
 Dinreer.— Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound 
 
 of bread; one pound of potatoes. 
 Supper. — One pmt of oatmeal or rice -gruel. 
 Full Diet.— Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one 
 
 pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart ol 
 
 beer. 
 
 Breakfast.— Tea. 
 
 Dinner.-^Balf a pound of 
 bread made into panada or 
 pudding. 
 
 Richmond 
 Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast — One. ^uart of stiijabout, one pint of new milk. 
 
 Dinners — Bread, 8 oz.; soup, one quart. , ' 
 
 Supper. — Bread, 4 oz.; new. milk, one pint. 
 
 Full Diet. — Breakfast,, bread, 8 oz.;new milk, one pint. 
 
 ---Dinrier,'bread, 8 oz. ; mutton or beel? ^ "^ — Supper, 
 
 bread, 4 oz-; new milk, one pint. , 
 
 Breakfast. — Flummery, one 
 pint ; new milk, one pint 
 
 Suyi^cr. — Half a pound of 
 bread; one pint pf milk. 
 
 Belfast 
 Hospital. 
 
 'BreaA/(is(.— One {lint of stirabout, one pint of nevir milk." 
 Dinner. — Haifa pound of bread^ onerpint pf new milk! 
 Supper. — One pint of flunfmery, one'pint of new milk.- 
 Full Diet.— Breakfast, one quart of stirabput, pne pint 
 pf new milk.^Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of 
 milk.— Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new 
 milk. ' ■ , 
 
 Perdierh. — Quarter pfappund 
 pf bread, pne quart pf gruel, 
 three pints pf new milk, half 
 a pint pf flummery. Barley 
 water at pccasions. 
 
 COBK Feveu 
 Hospital. 
 
 Breakfast. — One half quartern loaf for eVery four, and one 
 pint of Tiew milk each. Under 1 3 years, half a quartern 
 loaf for every eight. 
 
 fliTmer.— (Ij 3, 5)— One'ppuiiij of beef, and two pounds 
 of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pojind of beef, and 
 
 one pound of potatoes. (2, 4, 6, 7)— Potatoes and 
 
 niilk. 
 
 Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for adults; 
 half do. for children. 
 
 Breakfast. — One-fourth of a 
 lb. of bread, with milk and 
 water sweetened. 
 
 Dm«ep.— Gruelj brothi wine, 
 and porter, as ordered by the 
 physician. 
 
DIET DRINK 
 
 276 
 
 DIGERENTIA 
 
 IV. UNITED STATES. 
 
 Breakfast. — Tea, cpfiee, or chocolate) with sugar or mo- 
 lasses and mill;, and common baker's bread at discretion. 
 
 Dinner.— Saof always ; — meat of two kinds — ^mutton and 
 beef, generally-r^pork frequently ; "vegetables, accoiiding 
 to the season; potatoes and rice, always. 
 
 Supper. — Tea and bread: no butter allowed either to 
 breakfast or supper, unless''prescribed. 
 
 Pennstj-ta- 
 siA Hospital, 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Philadel- 
 phia 
 
 HoSPlTAL) 
 
 (Blockley.) 
 
 House Diet.— Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, beef 
 tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice w'ater, barlty wa- 
 ter, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The diet on 
 which the sick are placed bn entering the house ^un^l 
 otherwise directed.) 
 
 Moderate Diet.— Tea, crackers, broth, rioBj mush, 
 milk, potatoes, &c 
 
 Full Diet. — Bread,' coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, 
 pe^i ham, eggs, butter, sbnp. potatoes. &c. 
 
 The kind and quantity left to 
 the phypeipn, The House 
 .Diet may be regarded as low 
 
 New Tork 
 
 Hospital, 
 
 New York City. 
 
 Bredltf'ast , — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea tp 
 eveiy six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. 
 
 DsBwer.— Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thuisdays,, ahd Satur- 
 .days, be^f !30up, with beef and potatoes, and bread.' On 
 IVIondays, boiled rice, with one giU of molasses. 
 
 Supper. — The same as breakfast. ' 
 
 Spedal 4iet is directed by the 
 attending physidan, and 
 adapted to each c^. 
 
 The Diet Scale of the Sritiah Navy allows 
 from 31 to 35^ ounces' of dry nutritious matter 
 daily ; of which 26 ounces are vegetable; and the 
 rest animal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4^ ounces 
 of fresh. 
 
 That of the Navy of the United States is as 
 follows i-^three days'in the week — Fori?, 16oz. ; 
 beans or peas, 7 6z. ; biscuit, 14 oz.; pickles or 
 cranberries, 1 oz. j sugar, i oz. ; tea, J oz. ; — 
 40J bz. Two days in, the week — 'Beef, 16 oz. ; 
 flour, 8 oz.; fruit, dried, ,4 Oz.; biscuit, 14 oz.; 
 tea arid sugar, 2^ oz. ; pickles or cranberries, 
 1 oz. ; — 45J oz. Two days in the week — Beef, 
 16 oz. ; rice, 8 oz. ; butt6rj'2 oz.'; chfjese, 2 oz. ; 
 biscuit, 14 oz. ; tea and,^sugar, 2l oz. ; . pickles 
 or cranberries, 1 oz. ;—45J 02. 
 
 In the Edinburgh workhouse the total allow- 
 ance of dry food is about 17 ounces — 13 ounces 
 vegetable,, and 4 ounces animal. In' the Edin- 
 burgh children's poorliouse, thediet consists of 
 milk aijd porridge, barley broth and breadi 
 amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable fpod to 3 
 ounces of animal. These allowances have fceen 
 found ample for the maintenance of health.. 
 Perhaps the case of the smallest quantity of food 
 on which life was vigorously supported was that 
 of Coriiaro, — not inbre than 12 ounces a day, 
 chiefly of vegetable matter, for a period of -58, 
 years. ■' 
 
 DIET DRINK. A decoction or potion, vari- 
 ously composed, and used in cojisiderable quan-: 
 tity, for the purpose of ptirifying the blood. 
 The Decoc'twrn, Znisitan'icum or lAsbon Diet- 
 dritik, is one of the most celebrated. See De- 
 icoctum SarsaparillsB Compositum.' 
 
 DIETETICS, Diatet'ici, Dimtet'iea, Me- 
 dici'na Diatet'ica;' same etymon.' (F.) Diete- 
 tique. A , branch of medicine, comprising the 
 rules to be followed fpr, preventing, reliev- 
 ing, or curing diseases by diet. Dietetics is 
 diet administered according to priijciple. It is 
 an important part of Hygiene, (which see.) A 
 well regulated system of diet h:^ great power 
 in checking disease, and likewise in preventing 
 it. A proper knowledge of dietetics is, indeed, 
 as important as that of the Materia Medica, 
 strictly so called. 
 
 ■Dietetics has been used, also, synonymously 
 With Hyffiene. . 
 
 DMT£TIQUE, Dietetics. 
 
 DIETET'lSTS,,Disewi«'«B. Physicians who 
 apply .only the rules of dietetics to the treat- 
 ment of disease. , ' 
 
 DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in .France, are 
 chalybeate, and much sought-after. 
 
 DIEURYSMUS, Dilatatiop. , 
 . DIEX'ObOS, from Jia, and ijojof, 'an exit 
 or way out.' Di'odos. Any opening, by which 
 an excretion take^ place. 
 
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see Dia- 
 critica signa. 
 
 DIFFICULTAS. INTESTINORUM, Dy- 
 sentery. ■ . 
 
 DIFFLATIO, Perspiration. 
 
 DIFFORMITA, Deformation. 
 
 DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from difm- 
 dere, {dis and fundere, fusivm, ' to pour,') ' to 
 pour apart or abroad.' ThoSe stimulating me- 
 dicines which augment the action of the vascular 
 and nervous systeillsr in an' acute but transitory 
 manner. ' , ' , ■ ' , 
 
 DIGAS'TRICUS, frorri */j, 'twice,' andj.«f- 
 Ti(g; 'a belly:' Biven'ter, B. MamU'ce, Defri-' 
 mens Maxil'lse Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) Mas- 
 toidohyagenien, Mastoido-genien — (Ch.), B>- 
 gastrique, Abcdsseur de la machoire inferieure. 
 The name Digastrieus, was formerly given to 
 several muscles. It is now restricted to one of 
 the muscles of the superior hyoid region. The 
 digastrieus is thick and fleshy at its extremities ; 
 thin and tendinous at its middle, it is attached 
 to the mastoid groove of the temporal bone, and 
 to a fossette at the side of the symphysis menti; 
 Its tendon passes through an aponeutotic ring, 
 which is attached to the os hyoides. 
 
 The use of the digastrieus is to depress the 
 lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to 
 carry it forwards, or backwards, as in deglutition. 
 
 Thestrongdouble-belliedmuscle,whichforra3 
 the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastrieus, 
 
 DiGAsTRicus Cranii, Occipito-ftontalis. 
 
 DIGASTRIQUE, Digastrieus. 
 
 DIGERENTIA, Digestives. 
 
DIGESTIBLE 
 
 277 
 
 DIGESTION 
 
 DIGES<TIBLE, Concoc'tds hab'ilis. Capa- 
 ble of being digested. All food is not equally 
 digestible, and some of the most nourishing is 
 the least so: — the fat of meat, folr example. 
 Certain substances again are entirely rebel- 
 lious. ■ The following table exhibits the time 
 required for the stomachal digestion of different 
 alimentary substances, in a well-known case, 
 which fell under the. care of Dr. Beaumont. 
 The table is, extracted from the Author's Hu- 
 man Health,' Philadelphia,' 1844. The most 
 digestible substances are taken as "the standard,- 
 
 which has been arbitrarily fixed at 1,000; and 
 accordingly, aponeurosis, the first article in the 
 table, requiring 3 hours, ■w\aht pigs' feet soused, 
 rice, &c. require but one, its digestibility, com- 
 pared with that of these aliments, is as 333 to 
 1000; and So of the others. It need scarcely 
 be said, that all these tabular results apply, in 
 strictness, to the individual concerned ofilyj 
 yet they afford useful comparative views, 
 which with excej^tions depending upon indivi- 
 dual peculiarHies, may be regarded as approxi- 
 mations, applicable to mankind in general. 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 
 r"S 
 
 Aliments. 
 
 Form of 
 prepara- 
 tion. , ' 
 
 S " 
 
 
 C oS'~ 
 
 .2 S o « 
 
 Aponeurosis. 
 
 Apples, mellow. . ; 
 
 Do. sour, hard 
 
 Do. sweet, mellow. . . 
 
 Barley 
 
 Bass, striped, fresh. ..... 
 
 Beans, pod ^ 
 
 1^0. and green corn.. 
 Beef, fresh, lean, rare. . . . 
 
 Do. do. do. dry 
 
 Do. do. steak 
 
 Do. withsalt'only 
 
 Do. with mustard, && . 
 -Po. -...:.. 
 
 Do. old, hard salted. . . . 
 
 Beets '.. 
 
 Brains, animal 
 
 Bread, corn ..'. .' 
 
 Do. wheat, fresh 
 
 Buttert , 
 
 Cabbage, head.. 
 
 Do.' with vinegar.. . ' 
 
 Do 
 
 Cake, corn 
 
 Do.' spongy 
 
 Carrot, orange .,.,.. 
 
 Cartilage -i. .....;. 
 
 Catfish, fresh 
 
 Cheese, old, strpng 
 
 Clficken,- full grown ..... 
 
 Codfish, cured dry ,'. . 
 
 Corn (greenj and beans.. 
 
 Custard 
 
 Duck, domesticated 
 
 Do. wild 
 
 Di^mpling, apple , ' 
 
 Eggs, fresh 
 
 Do. do....i 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do.' do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Flovnder.fiesh 
 
 Fowls, domestic 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Gelatin 
 
 Gopse, wild.'....'. ,' 
 
 Heart, animal.'. 
 
 Lamb, (re^h.^..- 
 
 Liwpr, beefs, fresh 
 
 boiled 
 raw 
 
 do. . 
 
 do. 
 
 boiled 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 do. 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled 
 . do. 
 fried i 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 boiled 
 baked 
 baked 
 melted 
 raw 
 
 do. 
 
 boiled 
 baked 
 
 do. 
 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 ^ied 
 
 raw-- 
 
 fricasse^d 
 
 boiled 
 
 boiled 
 
 baked 
 
 roasted 
 
 do. 
 boiled 
 hard boiled 
 soft boiled 
 fried 
 roasted 
 raw 
 
 whipped ' 
 fried 
 boiled 
 roasted 
 boile4 
 roasted 
 Cried 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 h.vt. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 2 SO 
 1 50 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 3 30 
 3 45 
 3 
 
 3 30 
 3 
 ■2 45 
 
 3 30 
 4 
 
 4 15 
 3 45 
 
 1 45 
 3 15 
 3 30 
 
 3 30 
 
 2 3d 
 2 
 
 4 30 
 3 
 
 2 30 
 3.15 
 1 15 
 
 3 30 
 3 30 
 •2 45 
 .J 
 
 3 45 
 3 45 
 t 
 t 30 
 i 
 
 i 30 
 3 
 3 30 
 ■i 15 
 ■2 
 
 1 30 
 3'30 
 
 3 30 
 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 333 
 500 
 352 
 545 , 
 500 
 333 
 400 
 266 
 333 
 285 
 333. 
 363 
 285 
 250 
 235 
 266 
 571 
 302 
 285 
 285- 
 400 
 500 
 222 
 3.13 
 400 
 ■ 302 
 235 
 285 
 285 
 363 
 500 
 
 250 
 222 
 333 
 285 
 333 
 385 
 444 
 500 
 666 
 -285 
 250 
 ■^250 
 400 
 400 
 ^0 
 400 
 500 
 
 Marrow, animal, spinal,. 
 Meat and vegetables. .. . 
 Milk ..." 
 
 Do 
 
 Mutton, fVeah 
 
 Do. do....": 
 
 Do. do.--" 
 
 Oysters, fresh 
 
 Do. do >. 
 
 Do. do ; 
 
 Parsnips 
 
 Pig, sucking.... 
 
 igs' feet, soused. 
 
 Pork, fUt and lean 
 
 Do. recently salted. . . . 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Do. . do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Potatoes, Irish , 
 
 Do. -do 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Rice 
 
 Sago-. .._...,. 
 
 Salmon,' salted 
 
 Saiisage, fresh . . ^ , 
 
 Soup, barley. ........'.., 
 
 liol bean 
 
 Do. beef, vegetables, 
 . and bread '. . 
 
 D-O. chicken...... 
 
 Sou0 marrow bon^s 
 
 Do. mutton. ... .■ 
 
 Do. oyster 
 
 Suet, beef, fresh 
 
 ■Do. mutton.' 
 
 7apioca 
 
 I'endon, boiled 
 
 Tripe, soused'. .;........'. 
 
 Trout, salmon, fresli 
 
 Do. do 
 
 Turkev, domestic 
 
 Do. , do..-. ;... 
 
 Do. vvild 
 
 Turnips, flat. .. . ....... 
 
 Veal, fresh 
 
 Doi " do 
 
 Vegetables and meat 
 
 (liashed 
 
 Venison, steak 
 
 boiled 
 
 hashed 
 
 boiled 
 
 raw 
 
 roasted 
 
 broiled 
 
 boiled 
 
 raw 
 
 roasted 
 
 stewed 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 boiled 
 
 ronsted 
 
 boiled 
 
 fried 
 
 bfoiled ^ 
 
 raw 
 
 stewed 
 
 boiled 
 
 roasted 
 
 baked- 
 
 boiled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 broiled 
 boiled, 
 do. 
 
 io. 
 
 do. ' 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do; 
 
 do. 
 i-ried 
 roasted 
 boiled ' 
 roa!«t'ed 
 boiled 
 bVniled 
 fried 
 
 warmed 
 broiled 
 
 2^0 
 
 2 
 
 2 15 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 i 
 
 2 55 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 2 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 5 15 
 
 4 30 
 4 (5 
 
 3 15 
 3 
 3 
 3 30 
 
 30 
 3 20 
 I 
 
 1 45 
 4 
 3 20 
 1 30 
 3 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 4^15 
 3 30 
 
 3 30 
 h 30 
 
 4 30 
 2 
 
 5 30 
 1 
 1 30 
 
 1 30 
 
 2 30 
 
 3 25 
 
 2 IH 
 
 3 30 
 4 
 
 4 30 
 
 3 30 
 1 35 
 
 375 
 400 
 500 
 44^ 
 307 
 333 
 333 
 342 
 307 
 285 
 . 400 
 400 
 
 1000 
 190 
 223- 
 335 
 302 
 333 
 333 
 285 
 400 
 400 
 
 1000 
 571 
 250 
 300 
 666 
 333 
 
 250 
 333 
 235 
 285 
 2!^5 
 181 
 222 
 500 
 181 
 lOOO 
 666 
 666 
 400 
 511 
 435 
 285 
 250 
 222 
 
 400 
 631 
 
 » Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the mOst digestible articles in the table, aro estimnted at 1000. 
 t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach, 
 ' the time merely indicates the period th^t elapses 'before they are sent into th'"e duodenum. 
 
 DIGESTIp DEPRAVATA, Dyspepsia— d. 
 DifBcilis, Dyspepsia — d. Lsesa, Dyspepsia. 
 
 DIGES'TION, Digest'io, from, digere, 'to 
 dissolve.' Coc'tio, C. Cibo'rum, Pep'sis. Di- 
 gestion is a function, by means of which ali- 
 mentary substances, when introduced into the 
 digestive canal, undergo different alterations. 
 The object of this is to convert them into two 
 
 parts; the one,^ reparatory juice, 4estined to 
 renew the perpetual waste occurring in the 
 economy: the other, deprived of its nutritious 
 properties, to be rejected from the body. This 
 function is composed of a series of organic 
 actions, differing according to the particular 
 organization of the animal. In man they are 
 eight in number, viz. I. Prehension of food. 
 
DIGESTIVE TUBE 
 
 278 
 
 DILATATORmS 
 
 2. Mastication. 3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutir 
 tion. 5. Action of the stomach. 6. Action of 
 the small intestine. 7. Action of the large 
 intestine. 8. Expulsion of the ffeces. 
 
 Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation, 
 which consists in treating certain solid sub- 
 stances with water, alcohol, or othejc men- 
 struum, at a slightly elevatgd tempetature ; for 
 example, in a sansJrbath, or by leaving them 
 exposed for some time to the sun. 
 
 DIGESTIVE TUBE, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 DIGES'TIVES, Digesti'va, Digeren'tifi, ; same 
 etymon. (F.) Digestifs. A term given, by 
 surgeons, to- those substances, which, when 
 applied to a wounji or ulcer, promote suppura- 
 tion; such as ihs.cerqtimi resinie, warm cata- 
 plasms, fom&ntations, &c. Dr. Paris uses the 
 term .Digestive Texture for the particular or- 
 ganic condition of substances which affects their 
 digestibility. . 
 
 DIG'ITAL, Digitalis; from digitus, 'a 
 finger:' having the shape o,f a finger, digitated; 
 or belongihg to the fingers. 
 
 The Appcn'dix ver'mifor'mis cad is some- 
 times called Die"iTAL Appen'dix. 
 
 Digital 'Arteries, Veins, and Nerves are 
 those distributed to the fingers. 
 
 DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria. 
 
 Digital Cati?;y, An'eyroid cavity, Cornu 
 descen'dens ventric'illi latera'Vis, (q* v.) The 
 occipital portion of the lateral ventricle of the 
 brain. 
 
 DIGITAL HUMAIN, Clararia. 
 
 Digital Impressions, are the slight impres- 
 sions observable on th^ inner surface of the 
 bones of the cranium, which correspond to the 
 cerebral convolutions. 
 
 , DIGIT A'LE. Sameetymdn. (F.) Doigtier. 
 A finger stall. Thfe term Doigtier d'Asdrubdli 
 has' been given to a small iron instrument used 
 for measuring the diiriensions of thfe pelvis. 
 Placed at the end of the ii^de^x finger, it adds to 
 its kngth and enables it to reach the promontory 
 ofme sacrum. 
 
 DIGIT AtlNE, see Digitalis. 
 
 DIGigrA'LIS, from digitus, 'a finger,' be- 
 causS'.its'flower represents a finger ; Digita'lis 
 purpu'rea, ,r'ox-glove, ' Sac'charis, Bac'char, 
 Saccar (i); Family, Scrophularineae. Sex. 
 Syst: Didynamia Angiospermia; (F.) Digitale, 
 Gants de-notre dame, Doigtier. The leaves of 
 this plant, which are indigenous in Great Bri- 
 tain, are powerfully sedative, (diminishing the 
 velocity of the pulse,) diuretic,and sorbefacient. 
 In over-doses, Digitalis causesvomi ting, purging, 
 dimness of sight, vertigo, delirium, hiccough, 
 convulsions, and death :— ^all the symptoms, in 
 short, which characterize thejacro-iiajcotic class 
 of poisons. Its active pjinciple has been called 
 Dig"italine. It is a hundred-fold stronger than 
 the most active preparation of digitalis. 
 
 Digitalis has bden administered -in inflam- 
 matory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, 
 dropsy, &c.; but although it is a powerful re- 
 medy, it has not been as muclj employed as it 
 probably would have been,. in particular cases, 
 owing to the over-strained eulogiums, which 
 many have passed upon it in almost all diseases. 
 The average dose is one grain, in the form of 
 pill, which may be repeated every, six or eight 
 hours. 
 
 Digitalis Minima, Gratiola officinalis. 
 
 DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Frodnc'tio den- 
 
 tq/ta, Inser'tio denticula'ta, , I. digiia'ta. A 
 division, in the form of a finget. Several mus- 
 cles, as the se/rati, exhibit digitations, similar 
 to those which the fingers form, when held 
 separate; 
 
 DIGITATIONES T'CJBARtJM-FALLOPII, 
 see Tube,. Fallopian. ^ 
 
 DIGIT"IUM. Desiccation or atrophy of the 
 fingers.^ — Linnaeus. Sauvages calls the same 
 affection Paronyjch'ia Digif'ium. . , 
 
 DIGITGRUM TENSOR, . Extensor Ibrevis 
 digitorum pedis. . 
 
 DIG'TTUS, Dac'tylos, a.Fingf:r,X'^.)Mgt. 
 A name given to the pirolongat Jons' which form 
 the. extremity of the hand. There are five on 
 each hand : the first, or the thumb, Anticheir, 
 FoUex, Manus parva majo'ri adju'trix, Vig"- 
 itus primus, D, magniis, Pro'tnartus, (F.) 
 Pouce; t)ie> second, ihe index; the third, i), me'- 
 dius, Impu'dicus, (F.) Doigt du rrdlieu, middle 
 finger. ox long finger ; the fourth, the ring finger, 
 annula'ris, Para/m!^s^s, -([F.) Annidaire; and 
 the little finger, Oti'tes, Dig"itus- aunevla'rii, 
 (F.) Auric'ulaire'i Petit doigt: ._A11 of these 
 have -three' phalanges, except the firsts -which 
 has- only t woi 
 
 DiG''i'rus Annularis, Annular fingerr-d. 
 Ajjricularis, see Digitus-r-d. Index, Index — i. 
 Indicatbrius, Index — d. Magnus, Pdllex, see 
 Digitus^-d. Medius, see Digitus. ■ - 
 
 DiG"iTXjs Pedis. A Toe. (F.J Orteil. The 
 toes' are f}ve in number, and distingpisfied nu- 
 merically, reckoning from within td wittout. 
 The first is, also, called great toe,(¥,) gros or- 
 teil; the fifth, the Utile toe, petit 'orteil.- They 
 havje nearly the same organization as the fingers. 
 
 DiG"iTi;s Primus, Pollex, see Digitus— »d. §a- 
 lutatorius. Index — d. Secundus, Index. ■' 
 
 DIGNATHUg; from 3,, ''double,'.'anVt yvoflot, 
 slower jaw.' A monster having twb lower 
 jaws.-^Gurlt. 
 
 DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis. ' 
 
 DIHYPOGAS'TJlIUS, from 3,, ' double,'tiDd 
 'vpoyaazQiqv, ' the, hypogastrium.' A monster 
 whose pelvis, together with the. lowpr portioii 
 of the abdomen, is double, 
 
 Dl^Y?,T:'E'B.lh..Dime'tra,Didel'-phy>,JJ'teras 
 duplex, from i?i., 'double,' and 'uffr!fif,_'iiteru9.' " 
 The state in which there is a double uterus, 
 
 DIJUDICATIO, Crisis. 
 
 DILACERATIO, Laceration. 
 
 Z)7i^r^iVrS, Dilating agents. 
 
 DILATATETIR, J)i\atoT—d. Anterieur in 
 larynx, Cricorthyroid muscle — d. Posimmr 
 du larynic, Crico.-arytenoid, posterior. 
 
 DILATATIO BRONCHIORUM, Bronchi- 
 ectasis— d. Ventri(}uli, Gastrectasis— d. Intes- 
 tinorum, Enterectasis.- ~ 
 
 DILATA'TIGN, -Dilata'tio, from dilaiarr., 
 (latum facere,) ' to enlarge;' Eurys'mus, Amn- 
 rys'm,us, Dieiirys'mus. Augmentatipn of tlw 
 bulk of a body, occasioned by a, separation of 
 some of 4ts molecules. Caloric has the pro- 
 perty of dilating all bodies. In Surgery; it 
 means the accidental or preternatural augmen- 
 tation of a canal or opening ; as in aneurisms, 
 varices, &c., or the process of enlarging. any 
 aperture or canal. When used so as to obtai'n . 
 a view of parts, as by the speculum, it is termed 
 Dioptris'nius. 
 
 DILATATOIRE, Dilator. 
 
 DILATATORIUM, Dilator. 
 . DILATATORIUS, Dilator. 
 
DILATING AGENTS 
 
 279 
 
 DIPHRYGES 
 
 DIL A'TING AGENTS, DUatan'tia,(J .) Di- 
 latants. Certain substances used in surgeryj 
 either to keep parts separate which have a ten- 
 dency to uni1;e — as after opening an .abscess, to 
 prevent the .edges of the incision from tmiting; 
 or to increase «nd, dilate openings of canals, 
 either when natural, or forriied accidentally or 
 artificiE^Uy. These agents differfrom eachother : 
 the cl^ief ai^-^regared sponge t^nts, gentian 
 rootj^bougieS) sounds, dried peas for issues, &c. 
 
 DILA'TOR, Dilatato'rius, ■Diastole'us, (F.) 
 Oilatateur OTi Dilatfttoire. A . muscle, whose 
 office It is to dilate certain parts ; such as the in- 
 spiratory musclesj which dilate the chest., 
 
 DiLATou, Dilataio'rinm,(^ i) Dilatuteur. An 
 instrument, used for dilating a wound, excre- 
 toi:y canal, or other natural or artificial open- 
 ing..' Wheh employed- to obtain an inspection- 
 of internal partsj it is termed S^'ee'ulwm,, Diopf- 
 tra, or Diop'tron. There are 'serial instru- 
 ments, of- this kind, eadh' taking itSTiame from 
 the part to which it .}S applied; as Speculum 
 Oris;, S. 'Nasi, S.' Uteri, &c. 
 
 IDiLAToii,- Arnott's. a modification of the 
 old .dilators fbf strictures of the urethra. • It 
 consists of a tube of oiled silk; lined with the 
 thin gut of some small animal to make it air- 
 tight, and fixed, on the extremity of a small 
 canula, by which it is distended with air or 
 water, frbm a bag or syringe at the outer end, 
 whilst, a stop-cock or valve server to keep the 
 air or water- irii'when received. As. soon as 
 the bag is pa^ssed within the stricture or stric- 
 tures, as ranch air is to be injected into it as 
 the patient cein easily bear. The instrument 
 is, not much used. 
 
 DiLATORES Alaeum Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 
 DILL, Anethum graveolens. 
 
 DILLy, AnthemiS cotula.. 
 
 DILUEN'TIA, from djiluo ^dis, and luere,) 
 '\ wash owtLj.' X^.)- Delay ants. Medicines 
 which hare been conceived proper for augment- 
 ing the fljiidity of the blood and otter animal 
 liquids. All aqueous drinks are diluents.. They 
 are administered, with great advantage, in va- 
 rious diseases. In fever, water, which is the 
 most familiar diluent, may be freely allowed; 
 the only precaution being to give it hot in the 
 cold stage, cold in the hot, -and tepid in the 
 sweating. In diseases;, where it is considered 
 necessary to abstract blood largely, diluents 
 should not be given too freely. The abstras- 
 tion of blood occasions activity of absorption, 
 and the rnass is speedily restored. In cases of 
 inflammation of thfe mairynae, in nurses, it is 
 alsa obvious, that diluents should not be freely 
 allowed, as they increase the secretion of 'milk, 
 and add to the irritation. When demulcents 
 are exhibited nn casps of - urinary disease, ^they 
 act simply as diluents: their mudilagihous por- 
 tion is digested in the stomach and small intes- 
 tine, — the watery portion alone being separated 
 ty the kidney. 
 
 DIL WEED, Anthemis cotula.' 
 
 DIMETRAi Dihysteria. 
 
 DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Di- 
 nant is asmall town, six leagues from St. Malo, 
 in France, where are mineral ■waters, contain- 
 ing carbonate of iron, chloride of sadium,'&c. 
 They are much esteemed. 
 
 DINGEE, Dengue. 
 
 DINICDS, Antidinic. 
 
 DINOMANIA, Tarantisraus. 
 
 DINUS, Vertigo— d, Scotoma, Scotodynia — 
 d. Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 DIOBQLON, Scruple. 
 DIOCRES, Pastil. 
 DIODOS, Uiexodos. . 
 DICECESIS, Dispensation.' 
 DIONCO'SIS, from iM, and tyxot, 'a tu- 
 mour.' The Methodists applied this name to 
 a sort of tumefaction or plettiora, occurring 
 either directly from too great a quantity of fluid 
 circulating, in the system, \ix owing to the re- 
 tention of substances which ought to bci ex- 
 creted. It is -th^antithesis to j^ra^*<>«i«. Si3e 
 Intumescence. 
 
 DIGNYSIA'NUS, from A/owiros, 'Bacchus,' 
 who is represented by tl}e poets as wearing horns. 
 One who has long or hgrn-like excrescences. 
 
 DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon. :One -vyho 
 has a long horn-like excrescence on the frontal . 
 region. — Vogel. 
 
 DIOPHTHALMUS, Binoculus. 
 
 DIOPTRA, fepecuhim, see Dilator. 
 
 .DIOPTRlSMDS, Dilatation. ' 
 
 WOPTROJST, Speculum, -see Dilator. 
 
 DIORTHO'SXS, from iioQdi<«, 'I make 
 straight.' The reduation of a fractured 6r lux- 
 ated limb. . - , 
 
 DIOSCOREA, see Yam, . 
 
 DIOSCURI, Parotis. 
 ■,piOSMA, D. crenata. 
 
 Dios'ma Chena'ta, from .Jio?,,' divine,' and 
 oo-fici], * odour/., . Baros'ma cr.ena'ia, Agatkos'mot 
 crena'tum,,Muchi^ Leaves — Diiojma (Ph. U. S.) 
 T-rBuckkp, (FT) Diosttiee creTi^lee. A' South 
 African plant, the powder of whose leaves is 
 used/by the Hottentots to perfume their bodies. 
 It has been employed in chronic affections of 
 the bladder and urinary organs in general. It 
 has also been given in cholera. 
 
 DtOSMEECRiWELAE, Diosma crenata. 
 
 piOS'PYROS LOTUS, apparently from Sik, 
 -' divine,' and irugoc, 'wheat,' but -vvhy is not 
 clear; Faha Grt^ca, Indian Date P/zim,"(F>) 
 'Plaqueminisr d'Europe. .This tree grows '^n 
 some of the'soutuern parts of Europe. Its 
 ftuit is very astringent, and. has been recom- 
 mended in dysentery and hetngrrhages.^ 
 
 Dios'PYEos YiaGiwiA'NA, Lotus yirginia'na , 
 Persim'mon. A common tree in the middle 
 parts of the United'States , The fruit, Persim'- 
 Tnons, Yellow Plwrns, Winter Plums, Seeded 
 Plums, -Which is only eatable after frost, (when 
 it, is tolerable) is sotnetjmes ftiade into cakes 
 with bran. These, being dried >n an oven, are 
 kept to make, beer. When bruised in water, 
 fertaentation takes place. The unripe fruit is 
 distressingly, acerb and astringent. The bark 
 of the tree, Sio'spyros, (Ph. U'. S.), is ex- 
 tremely bitter, and may be used -where hitlers 
 are Indicated. , 
 
 DIOTA, Dyota. A wooden cup, lined with 
 a composition of resin,, cinnamon, cloves, and 
 ginger, to give more flavour to beer. ' It was 
 formerly much used in the north of Europe 
 
 DIPHORUS, Diphrus. .j 
 
 DIPHRUS, Di'phorus; from /«, ' two,' and 
 9!fM, 'I carry.' Properly- a seat for two, A 
 close stool. > , . 
 
 Diphrus Mantj'ticus, Sella obstetric"ia. An 
 'obstetric chair. 
 
 DIPH'RYGES. The oxide of copper, more or 
 less pure, The ancien/^ reckoned three kinds 
 of diphryges, which they used as astringents. 
 
DIPHTHERIA 
 
 280 
 
 DISCHKOA 
 
 DIPHTHERIA, Diphthetitjs. 
 
 DIPHTH£R1TE SUCtiALE, Stomatitis, 
 pseudomembranous. 
 
 DIPHTHERI'TIS, Dij/hthe'ria, DiphtheHt'ic 
 .InJlaTn/ma'tion, FeUic'ular' iTjJltwimationyitTom 
 fiifSsfaj ' a membrane.' A name giveii S j, M. 
 Bretonneatfto aclass of diseases, which are cha- 
 racterized by a tendency to the formationof false 
 membranes, and affect the deriAoid tissue, as 
 the mufous membranes, -and' even the skin.. 
 
 DiPHTHERiTis OF THE Thboat, Angina p'el- 
 licularis— d. Trachealis, Cynancrtie trafihealis. 
 ■ DIPLA3IASMUS, Duplication. 
 
 DiPLECQIA, Double hearing. 
 
 DIP'L6E,fromam;ioa), ' I double;' Diplo'sis, 
 Meditul'livM, Medium Calvarias Discri'men. 
 The cellular structure, wiiich separates the two 
 tables of the skull from eaich other. The an- 
 cients applied tlie term, also, to the proper coat 
 of the uterus (?)— Rolfink, in Castelli. 
 
 The Diploe has the same use as the cellular 
 structure of bone^ in gehetal. See Cancelli. 
 
 DIPLOGEN'ESIS; Sntioot, 'double,' and 
 ysretiis, 'generation.' An organic deviation, 
 which is owing to the union of two germs. 
 
 DIPLOLEPIS GALL^ TINCTORIiE, 
 see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 DIPLO'MA. Same etyinon as Diploe. A 
 letter oir writing conferring some privilege; 
 usually applied to the document, certifying 
 that a person has obtained the title of Doctor. 
 It was so called because formerly written on 
 waxed tables, folded together. , Diploma is. also 
 used in pharmacy for a vessel witli double 
 walls, .as a water bath. 
 
 DIPLO'PIA, from SinXoo?, ' double,' and 
 onrofiai, ' I See.' Visus Vuplica'tus, Ditto'pia, 
 Dittop'sia, Amphamphdterodiop'sia, Amphodi^ 
 plo'pia, Double Vision^ (F.) Bivue. An affec- 
 tion of the sight, in which two distinct sensa- 
 tions are produced by the same object, "which 
 consequently seems' double. Sometime^ more 
 than two are seen; but still the disease is termed 
 Diplo'pia and Siiffu'sio Mjilt^iplicans * This 
 affection arises from some derangement in the 
 visual axes ; in consequence of which, the images 
 are not impressed on corresponding parts of the 
 retina of each eye. . The diplopia of both eyes 
 has-been termed Ampkadiplo'pia and Amphote-. 
 rodiplo'pia. 
 
 DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Diiplication. 
 
 DIPLOSO'MA; fromairfoos, 'double,' and 
 dafia, 'body.' JThe Diplosoma crma'ta is an im- 
 perfectly described entozbon, which has been 
 passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in 
 length from four to six or eight inches, and is 
 thinnest at the middle. Where it is bent at an 
 acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves 
 hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear- 
 ance as if t^vo worms had been tied together by 
 their head's. It has been confounded •jvith the 
 Spiroptera hominis, ■ ■ 
 
 DIPNOOS, from *<?, and nyor), 'breath.' 
 Having two vent hole?. Bi'spirus. An epi- 
 thet applied to wounds which pass through a 
 part, and admit the air at both ends.— Galen. 
 
 DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'yrmis et Opod'ymus, 
 from ii, ' double,' and uQoawnov, ' countenance.' 
 A monster having a double face. 
 
 DiPROso'pus DijEDCE'DS, from It, 'double,' 
 and ^poaioTtor, ' countenance,' abi.ii, 'double,' 
 and aiSoia, 'parts of'jgeneration.' A double 
 monster, in whom the duplication affects supe- 
 
 riorly the face, and inferiorly the anterior pel- 
 vic region.-^Barkow. 
 
 DiPRoso'pus DiStpogas'teius, ftom }i 
 ' double,' and nfoamnov, ' countenance,' and from 
 Si) 'double,' and'unoyooT/iiov, 'the hypogastri- 
 um.' A double monster in whom the duplication 
 affects superiorly the face-, and inferiorly the 
 lower part of the body — foOr lower extremitieB 
 being always present ■fT-Tetras'cel-u^, 
 
 DIPSA, Thirst. 
 
 DIPSACOS, Diabetesi ' 
 
 DIP'SACUS^ SYLVES'TRIS, froin iiy,a, 
 ' thirsf,' said- to be so called owing to the leaves 
 being so placed as to hold water. Cultivated 
 Teasel, (F.) Cardere. . The roots of this Eu-. 
 .ropean plant are diuretic and sudorific. The 
 water, which,collects at the base of the leaves, 
 has been recommended as an eye-water. 
 
 Dip'sAOUS FuLi-o'NuM, Hirha Cdr'diii Ym'- 
 eris; (F.) Cdrdire eultioe, Chardon i foiilm, 
 Chardon a ioremefier, has. had similar properties 
 ascribed to it. Both have been also regarded 
 as stomachic. ^ ' 
 
 MPSET'IGOS, frbm ii^ict, 'thirst.' A re- 
 medy believed to be capable of exciting thirst. 
 See Alterative. 
 
 DIPSO'DES, Sit"ieni,Siticulo'sus, from iifa, 
 'thitst,' and ii3ie, ' resemblance.' Thirsty. 
 Causing thirst. 
 
 DIPSOMANIA,'from dixfia, 'thiist,' and ma- 
 nia. Drunkenness: also, delirium tremens. 
 
 DIPSOP'ATHY,' Dipsopdthi'a, from 5iV)», 
 ' thirst,' and rx6of, ' disease;'" - A mode of treat- 
 ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks. 
 ■ DIPSO'SIS. ,Same etymon; Morbid thirst. 
 The desire,.for drinking, excessive or impaired. 
 A gentls in the class Cailiaea,' order Bntmnif, 
 of Good. 
 
 Dipso'sis AvENS, Polydypsiat — d. Eipersj 
 Adipsiai 
 
 DIPYGITS, from fi, 'doul)le,'and 7ti;^ii,'the 
 nates,' A double n;onster, the duplication" te- 
 ing confined to the posterior portion of the lower 
 end of the trunk — the coccygeal region. 
 
 DIPYRE'NON, from /Cif, 'twice,' andVofy, 
 '-a kernel.' A s^ecil'lum or probe" with two 
 buttons or kernels — one' at each end. 
 
 DIPYRITES, Biscuit. 
 
 DIPYROS, Biscuit. 
 
 DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Ledtherwood, Swamp 
 Leatkerwoodj Moosewood, Stvampufood, Rope- 
 bark; Bois de plomb, (Canada.) An . indigenous 
 shrub, whieh grows in boggy woods and low 
 wet places throughout ' the United States. It 
 is analagous to mezfereon, in its action, — Six or 
 eight grains of the fresh bark producing violent 
 vomiting, preceded by a sense of heat in the 
 stomach,., often followed by purging. Applied 
 to the skin, the ba^k vesicates. 
 
 DIRECTOR, IHnera'rium,fx(im dingm,M- 
 rectum, (dis, and rjegere, ' to rule,') ' to direct.' 
 A Conductor. A- grooved soufid f6r guiding a 
 knife, in dividing any part. (F. ) Sonde canpilee. 
 
 Director PeiStis, Ischio'cavernosus. 
 
 DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum. 
 
 DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia. 
 
 DIRVPTIO, Rhexis. 
 ' DIS, Di. 
 
 DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCHARGE', (dis, and charge,) Eefroi, 
 Ftuxus, Proflu'vium, (F.) Acoidement. In 
 pathology, an increased discharge from any part, 
 that naturally secretes a fluid. 
 
mSCHROA 
 
 281 
 
 DISINFECTION 
 
 DISCHROA, Dyschr^ea.. 
 
 DISCREET', from discernere,discretu)li, ' to 
 separate.' Disore'tus, IiUeitinc'tiis, Separated, 
 (F.) Discnt. This epithet is given to certain 
 exanthemata, in which the spots or pustules are 
 sepaTated from each other. It is opposed to 
 confluent. 
 
 DISCRET, Discreet. 
 
 DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation 
 or expulsion of some particylar matter. 
 
 DISGRETIVUS, Diagnostic. 
 
 DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISCRI'MEN, Separation, Division. A 
 bandage, used in Ijleeding from the frontal vein ; 
 so called, because, in passing along the sagittal 
 suture, it divides the head into two equal parts. 
 
 DiSCRIMEN CALiVAEIiE MeDIDM, DiflOB d. 
 
 Narium, Septum N. 
 
 DiSCRIMEN Nasi.; a bandage, in the form of 
 the letter X, intended to support the nose, in 
 transverse wounds of the organ. 
 
 DiscBiMEN Thoracis et Vemtris, Dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 DISCUSSIFS, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSIO, Resolution. 
 
 DISCUSSIVA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCUSSORIA, Discutients. 
 
 DISCU'TIENTS, Diseutien'tia, Resolven'- 
 tia, Discussi'va, Disc%cssp'riia, from discutere, 
 'to shake apart,' {dis, and quatere, 'to shake.') 
 (F.) Discussifs. Substances which possess 
 the power of repelling or resolving tumours. 
 
 DISEASE', old French desaise;-^hom 41^, 
 and ease : Morbus, Nosos, Nose'ma, -Nose-u'ma, 
 Nusus, Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Mahifn, Pas- 
 sitt, JE'gritu'do, JSgreta'tio, Vitium, Arrkos'tia, 
 Arrhoste'ma, Arrhosten'ia, Valetu'do adver'sa, 
 (F.) Maladie, An opposite state to that of 
 health, consisting in a change either in the po- 
 sition and structure of parts, or in the exercise 
 of one or more of their funptions, or in both. 
 
 By some. Disease is applied to structural 
 change, whilst Disorder is restricted to func- 
 tional derangement. 
 
 The follovving table, essentially .that of Dr. 
 C. J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements 
 of structural disease. 
 
 DlSEABRD 
 
 Nutrition. 
 
 AlLTERED 
 
 Mechanism 
 
 Incre!\sed — Hypertrophy, 
 Dimiiiistied — Atrophy. 
 
 'Inflammation, 
 
 Perverted . . . . 
 
 f Contraction, 
 I Oilatatiori, 
 J Obstruction, 
 ] Compiession, 
 I Displacement, 
 1_ Rupture, &c 
 
 Induration, 
 
 Softening, 
 
 Transfomiation aiid Degeneration. 
 
 /-p.,.,!™.*:™ i Cicatrices, 
 
 f Euplastic ^ p^^^ membranes, 
 
 / Cirrhosis,' 
 
 ' '^Atheroma, i&c. 
 ( Yellow tubercle, 
 
 ic < Calcareous 
 
 ^ matter, &c 
 C Cysts, 
 f Nonmalignant. i Tumours, 
 I f Hydatids, &,c. 
 
 l_ Giowflis. j, ' C Carcinoma, 
 
 [| Malignant,. . . < Encephaluma, 
 ( Melanosis, &c 
 
 Disease, Blue, Cyanopathy — d. of Bright, 
 Kidney, Bright's Disease of the-rd. English, 
 Rachitis — d. Extrinsic;, External disease — d. 
 Fungoid, Encephaloid— -d. Gastro-enteric, Gas- 
 tro-enteritis— d. Hsemato-cerebriform, Enceph- 
 aloid — d. Pretended, Feigned disease — d. Simu- 
 lated, Feigned disease— -d. Surgical, External 
 disease. 
 
 DISECOIA, Baryecoia. 
 
 DISFIGURATION, Deformation. 
 
 DISG0RGE'MENT,(F.) Degorgement, from 
 de, and gorge, ' the throat.' An opposite condi- 
 tion to that of Engorgement. "The discharge 
 or abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, 
 which had previously collected in a part; as 
 Disgorgement of bile. It alSo means particu- 
 larly , a ' vomit. 
 
 DISGUST', from de, and gustdre, 'to taste.' 
 Cibi fastid'vu'm, Apasit'ia, Asit'ia, ApoeUi'- 
 sis, AboTTbina'tio, Siccha'sid, Horror tjibp'rum. 
 Loathing. An aversion for food. (F.) D'^gont. 
 Disgust is not the same as Anorema. The 
 latter is only a want Of appetite; the former 
 consists in real repugnance for food. 
 
 DISINFECTANT, Disinfee'tans, from dis, 
 and infect . This term has been restricted by 
 19 
 
 some to agents that are capable of neutralizing 
 morbific efSuvia; but the author includes under 
 it, also, antisfeptics or agents that are capable of 
 removing any incipient or fully iformed septic 
 condition of the living body, or of any part of it. 
 
 DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM 
 BURNETT'S, seeBurnett's Disinfecting Liquid 
 — d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlorina- 
 tas — d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's disin- 
 fecting liquid. 
 
 DISINFECTION, Disinfec'tio. The act of 
 destroying miasmata, with which the air, cloth- 
 ing, &c., may be infected. Various means have 
 been proposed for this purpose. Those most 
 commonly employed are : — chlorine, stilphurous 
 axiA ehlorohydric acid gases, vapours of vinegar, 
 nitrous add; and, what is, perhaps, the most 
 manageable of any, and the most efficacious,— 
 ehUrinated linte, or any of the chlorides of 
 the alkalies. It is probable that a true chemi- 
 cal action occurs between these agents and the 
 miasmata, whence results a compound which 
 is harmless, Disinfection also includes the 
 actioii of antiseptics. 
 
 Chlorine or Oxymuriatfic Fumiga'tioji, Sblu'- 
 tio alexite'tia Gauhia'na, Fumiga'tio a^tiloim'- 
 
DISJUNCTI MORBI 
 
 282 
 
 DISTOMA HEPATICUM 
 
 iea Gau'Hi, Alexite'Hwn chlo'ricttm, Fumiga'tio 
 Guytonien'sis, is made by adding- comTnoii salt 
 ^iij, to black oxide' of 7nq,nganesfi ^j, sulphuric 
 aeid ^j,and,tvater f. ^ij. This maybe carried 
 through an apartment, or be shut up in it. 
 
 Nitrous FumigQ^'tiou, Alexite'riicm Ni'tricwnl, 
 Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by 
 placiFTg niti-ate of ' potass ^iv, ' and sulphuric 
 aeid gij, in a saucer or on hot sand. 
 
 DISJUNCTI MORBI. (From dis, and jun- 
 gere, jujictitm, ' to join.') Disjoined diseases. 
 Fernelius has thus denominated diseases ^vhich 
 occupy ,different organs, and are not produced 
 by each other. 
 
 DISLOCATIO LIENI? SEU SPLENIS, 
 Splenectopia. ' - ■ 
 
 DISLOCATION, Luxation, 
 
 DISOD'ICUS, from in, 'twice,' and oios, 
 'way.' -Having a double opening. 
 
 DISORDER, see pisease. 
 
 DISORGANlZA'TION.Or-^-awoVttmiiesirac- 
 tio, (F.) Disorganisation. ^ A complete morbid 
 change in the structure of an organ, or even 
 total destruction of its texture. In sphacelus, 
 and sloughy ulcers we have examples of this 
 change. 
 
 DIS PENS A IRE, Dispensary ,Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPEN'SARy, Dispensa'rium, from dtspen- 
 dere, (dis, and pentlere, ' to weigh,') ' to take 
 from a weight or mass,.' ' to distribute,' Thd 
 shop or place in which medicines are prepared. 
 Also, an institution in which the poor are fur- 
 nished with advice and necessary rriedicihes. 
 (F.) Dispensaire. This word is also used by 
 the French synonymously with Dispensatory. 
 
 DISPENSA'TION, Disperisa'tia, Diace'sis, 
 Epineme'sis. The composition and distribution 
 of medicines, according to pres'cription. In 
 France, it is more commonly applied to the 
 weighing, measuring, and arranging the articles, 
 which have to enter into a formula, prior to 
 combining them. 
 
 DISPENSATOR, Apothecary. 
 
 DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensato'rium ; same 
 etymon. A7itidota'riwm,IAderPharmaceut'icns, 
 (F.) Dispensaire. A book which treats of the 
 composition of medicines A Dispensatory differs 
 from a Pharmacopoeia,'in containing the physical 
 and, medical history of the various substances; 
 whilst the Pharmacopoeia is restricted to the 
 mode of preparing them, &c. The Pharmaco- 
 pceia, too, is published under the authority of, 
 and by, the members of a college or association ; 
 whilst a dispensatory contains the whole of the 
 Pharmacopoeia or Pharmacopopias, with addi- 
 tions by the author, under whose authority, 
 alone, it usually appears. The Pharmacopoeia, 
 in other words, is officinal,; the Dispensatory, 
 generally, private. Formerly, the words were 
 used indiscriminately. See Formulary and 
 Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 DISPLACEMENT, Percolation. 
 
 DISPOSIT"IOiN, Dispoii'tio, from dis, and 
 ponere, ' to put or set.' A particular condition 
 of the body, which renders it susceptible of 
 altering, suddenly, to a state of health or dis- 
 ease; — of improving, or becoming changed for 
 the worse. The disposition to phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis is sometimes so strong, owing to original 
 conformation, that the disease will make its 
 appearance, notwithstanding every care. See 
 Diathesis. 
 
 DISPDTATIO, Thesis. 
 
 DISRUP'TIO, from disrtimpere, .'to break 
 off.' ■ A puncture, which interests deep-aeated 
 parts. 
 , DISSECTING ANEURYSM, see Aneurism. 
 
 DISSECTIO, Dissection^d. Tendinnm, Te- 
 notomy. 
 
 DISSECTION, Dissee'tio, from dissecare, 
 {dis, and secare, ' tp cut,') ' to cut open;' [Hoc'- 
 ops, Sec'tio AnatoTn'ica, Practical Anatomy. 
 Necrot'omy. An operation, by which the dif- 
 ferent parts of the- desCd body are exposed, for 
 the purpose of studying their arrangement and 
 structure. Dissection, has received various 
 names, according to the organ concerned; — as 
 Osteotomy,, Syndesmotomy, Myotomy, Angio- 
 totmf. Neurotomy^, Desmotomy, ,&c. 
 
 ■DISSEC'TOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'toTmis, same 
 etymon. (F.) Prosecteiir. A practical anato- 
 mist. One who prepares the parts for the ana- 
 tomical lecture. 
 
 DISSEPIMEISrTIJM NARIUM, Septum na- 
 rium — d. Thoracis, Mediastinum. 
 
 DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
 , DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis. 
 
 DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis. 
 
 DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm. 
 
 DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, Hamateclysis 
 — d. Ventriculi, Gastromalaciai 
 
 DISSQLU'TION, Dissolwtio, Dial'y sis, fiom 
 dissolvere, {dis, and solvere,") ' to loosen,' ' to 
 melt.' Tiiis' word is in frequent use, in the 
 writings of the humourists. It is employed, 
 particularly, in speaking of the blood ;^o de- 
 signate, not its entire, decomposition or putre- 
 faction, but a diminution in its consistence. 
 
 DIl>SOLJTTION, Solution. 
 
 DISSOLVANTS, Dissolventia. 
 
 DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Disml- 
 vants. Medicines believed to be capable of 
 dissolving swellings, concretions, &c. Disco- 
 tients, Resolvents. 
 
 DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscrasia. 
 
 DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus— 
 d^ Nervorum, Convulsion. 
 
 DISTENSION DE LA VASICXTLE DU 
 FIEL, Turgescentia vesicae fellese. 
 
 DISTIC HI'ASIS, Distich'ia, Districk'ia, Dis- 
 trichi'asis, Distfh'chia, Distcechi'asis, from ^ic^ 
 'double,' and oti/oc, 'a row.' Ai) increased 
 number of eyelashes; some turned towards the 
 eye, and irritating the organ ; whilst others pre- 
 serve their natural direction. — Galen, Paulus 
 of .^gina. See Entropion. 
 
 DISTILLATIO UTERI, Leucorrh(E%. 
 ■ DISTILLA'TION, Stalag'mo.1, from destil-^ 
 lare, (de, and stillare,) ' to drop, little by. little.' 
 Catastalag'mos. An operation, by which-rliy 
 the aid of heat and in close vessels — the vola- 
 tile are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, 
 with the view of collecting the former, when 
 condensed in appropriate receivers. The an- 
 cients distinguished distillation /le' Ifitus, p" 
 asren'sum, and per descen'sum, according to the 
 direction which the volatilized matters were 
 made lo tal^e. 
 
 DISTOCIA, Ditoe'ia, from Hk:, 'twice,' and 
 Tojfoc, ' birth.' Delivery of twins. 
 
 DISTCECHIA, Distiehiasis. 
 
 DISTCECHIASIS, Distiehiasis. 
 
 DIS'TOMA HEFAT'ICUM, from Sit, ami 
 (Ttofi-j , ' mouth.' Fasci'ola hepat'ira, Plana'na 
 latiiis'cnla, Fasciola hvma'na, F- lavceola'ta, 
 Gourd-worm, Flute, Liver Fluie, (F.) Douve, 
 
5IST0RSI0 
 
 383 
 
 DOCIMASIA 
 
 D> du Foie. An obovate, flat worm, an inch in 
 length, and nearly an inch broad'j sometimes 
 found in the gall-bladder of man, whence it 
 occasionally passes into the intestinal canal. It 
 is one of the most common varieties of worms, 
 infesting the livers of the sheep, goat, ox, stag, 
 fallow-deer, horse,"- ass, hog, hare, &c. The 
 treatment is like that required for other worms. 
 
 DisTOMA Oo(ui.i Huma'ni. a parasite once 
 observed in the eye of a child who had suffered 
 from lenticular cataract . — Gesche idt . 
 
 DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus 
 — d. Oris, Canine laugh, 
 
 DlSTOR'TION, Distor'sio, Intor'do, from 
 iistorquere, (die and torqMf-rP',) ' to wrest aside.' 
 Diastrem'ma, Uias'trophc, Ligys'ma, (F.) Dis- 
 torsion. Usually applied to the preternatural 
 curvature of a' bone j as distortion of the spine, 
 limbs, &c. . It signifies, also, a qonvUlsive state 
 of the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting 
 or strabismus. 
 
 DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygompticus major. 
 
 DISTRIBUTORIA LACTEA THORACI- 
 CA, Thoracic duct. 
 
 DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis. 
 
 DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis. 
 
 piSTRIX, from a.c, 'doublp,' and ^giE, 'the 
 hair.' Trichia^sis distrix, Fiitsu'ra (fapHlo'rwm. 
 Hairs of the scalp, w'eak, slender, and splitting 
 at their extremities. 
 
 DITOLIA, Distocia. 
 
 DITRACHYC'ERAS, from Sig, 'two,'T?o- 
 jfus, '.rough,' and xtija?, 'horn.' A genus of 
 intestinal worms. The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, 
 Dic'era-s ritde, (F-^ Bicorne rnde,_ This ento- 
 zoon was first observed in the evacuations of a 
 female, by M. Sulzer of Strasburg. It is of a 
 fawn colour, from 3 to .5 lines in length, with 
 an oval head, flattened and terminating in a 
 point posteriorly; contained in a membranous 
 sac, and furnished, euiteriorly, with a bifur- 
 eated, rugous horn. Laennee considers it a 
 vesicular worm or hydatid. See Worms. 
 
 DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum. 
 
 DITTANY, Cunila Mariana— d. American, 
 Cunila Mariana — d. Bastard, Dictamnus albas 
 — d. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus — d. Moun- 
 tain, Cunila Mariana. 
 
 DITTECOIA, Double hearing. 
 
 DITTQPIA, Diplopia. 
 
 DITTOPSIA, diplopia. 
 
 DIURESIjESTHE'SIS, Diureticoasthe'sis, 
 Uresitesthe'sis ; from ^ioii(jf m, ' to pass the urine,' 
 and ainStinic, 'feeling.' The desire or want to 
 pass the urine. 
 
 DIURE'SIS, from S,a, ' through or by,' and 
 •vgem, ' I pass the urine.' An abundant excre- 
 liofi of urine. 
 
 DIUREX'IC, Dinret'irus, Isehuret'ic, same 
 etymon; Uret'iiyics. A medicine which has the 
 property of increasing the secretion of urine: 
 Diuretics act by producing a discharge of the 
 watery and other parts of the blood ; and, by 
 such discharge, indirectly promote absorption 
 over the whole system. Henqe, they are em- 
 ployed in dropsy. The following are the chief 
 Diuretics: — Cantharis; Cantharis Vittata; Po- 
 tassae Acetas; Potassae Liquor; Cahinca; Col- 
 chici Radix; Colchici Semen; Digitalis; Uiosma 
 Crenata; Juniperus; Oleum Terebinthinae; Po- 
 taasEE Nitras; Potassae Bitartras; Scilla; Sodae 
 Sales, and Spiritus .lEtheris Nitrici. 
 
 DIURETICA, Arnica montana. 
 
 DIURETICOjESTHESIS, Diuresiaesthesis. 
 DIVARICATIO, Ectropion. 
 OIVERSORIUM CHYLI, Eeceptaqulum 
 chyli. 
 
 DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANlMA- 
 LIUM, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'ulum.\ 'A turn- 
 ing;' from divertere, (di, and vertere,) 'to turn 
 aside.' An organ, which is capable. of receiving 
 an unusual quantity of blood, wheii the circula- 
 tion is obsti-ucted or modified elsewhere, is said 
 to act as a diverticulum. Also, a malformation 
 or (iiseased appearance of a part, in which it 
 passes out of its regular cburse. It is sometiraei 
 applied, to such a condition of the alimentary 
 canal. Also, a hole to get out at. A by-passage. 
 See Ectrope. 
 
 D.ivERTic'uLUM Noc'Kii. The opening through 
 which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. 
 — Parr. 
 
 DivEKTiciji-TJM Phaetngis, Pharyngoccle. 
 
 DIVI'DING, Div'idens, from di or dis, and 
 the Hetruscan verb i(?2(o, 'to part or portion.' 
 That which divides or separates. 
 
 Dividing Bandage, Fascia div'idens, (F.) 
 Bandage divisif, is a, bandage employed for the 
 purpose of keeping parts separated from each 
 ot^er. It is used particularly to prevent im- 
 proper union ; as in cas^ of burns' of the neck 
 or other partsi 
 
 DIVINATIO, Mantia. 
 
 DIVISION, Divis'io, Diee'resis.^ The acci- 
 dental separation of paj-ts, naturally united ; in 
 other words, a wound or solution of continuity. 
 Most frequently, however, it means an opera- 
 tion, which consists in cutting certain parts, 
 with the view of fulfilling some therapeutical 
 indication. 
 
 DIVUL'SIO, Dias'paais, fiom divellere, {dis, 
 and yeltere,). ' to pull asunder.' A term used in 
 Surgery, to express the rupture or laceration of 
 organs by external violence. 
 
 Divul'sio Uri'n.«;, Cloudiness of urine. — Se« 
 EnjBorema. 
 
 DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilube 
 antibiiiosae. 
 
 UIYLISIS, Colatio. 
 
 DIYLISMUS, Colatio. 
 
 DIZZINESS, Vertigo. 
 
 DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This spring is at Lucca in Italy. It is a ther- 
 mal saline. __ 
 
 DOCII'MK,ilo5^iHi;. A measure of thfe Greeks, 
 equal to about four fingers' breadtli: ^Daetylo- 
 dochfrn.^. ' y 
 
 DOCIMA'SIA, Dorimas'tirS, Docimasiolog"- 
 ia, fiom S,ii.i/iuta, 'I try.»r prove the quality of 
 any thing.' 
 
 Docima'sia Medicamento'rum et Ve'neho'- 
 HUM means the testing of medicines and poisons. 
 
 Docima'sia PpLMo'NUM, D. Pulmona'lis, 
 Pneobiomanti'a^ Pneitobiomanti'd, Pneobioman^- 
 tica, 'Ijimg proof, F.es'piration proof. Different 
 proofs, to which the organs of respiration of a 
 new-born child are subjected, for the purpose 
 of detecting whether it has or has not respired 
 after birth; in other words, whether it was 
 born alive or dead; — Pneitsiiibiognu'sis, P^iev- 
 siobios'copi. These consist, chiefly, I . In test- 
 ing them with water, for the purpose of seeing 
 whether the lungs are specifically heavier or 
 lighter than that fluid. This is called Doeima- 
 sia Pulmtinum hydrostat'iea or the Hydrostatic 
 
DOCIMASIOLOGIA 
 
 384 
 
 DOLICHOS 
 
 Test. If lighter, it would be some evidence 
 that the foetus had respired: 2. In comparing 
 the weight of the lungs with that of the whole 
 body; the weight of lungs in which respiration 
 has taken place being nearly twice as gr^at. 
 This is Docitna'sia Pulmo'num Siat'tca, or 
 Ploucqiket's Test: and, 3. By measuring the 
 circumference of the thorax' and lungs; and 
 comparing their dimensions with tWse of an 
 infant which has not respired. This is Dahiel's 
 Test. These tests, singly, afford only probable 
 evidence; but, when united, the deductions may 
 be more conclusive. 
 
 DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia: 
 
 DOCK, BLOODY, Rumex sanguineus— d. 
 Blunt-leaved, Rumex obtusifolius^d, Cresses, 
 Lapsana — d. Sour, Rumex acetosa — d.' Sour, 
 boreal, Oxyria reniformis^-d. Water, Rumex 
 hydrolapathum^d.Wild, sharp-poiuied, Rumex 
 acutus. 
 
 DOCNA SURA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This spring is in the. Krapach mountains. The 
 water contains sulpha|te of soda, carbonate of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime^ si- 
 lica, and iron. 
 
 DOCTOR, Med'icu's, from dottus, 'learned;' 
 '«M hoTTiTne qui-devrait itre docte.' A. Physi- 
 rian. Frequently applied \o any one who prac- 
 tises medicine; although properly confined to 
 him who has received his degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine. 
 
 DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology— d. 
 Soteria, Medicina.^ 
 
 DOCTRINE, UED'lCKWDbnri'na, Med'- 
 iea. The principles or positions of any medi- 
 cal sect or master. Medicine has been too full 
 of doctrines. One of thfe first was that of He- 
 rodicus of Selivraea, who recommended gym- 
 nastic exercises in disease. The chief founders 
 of doctrines have been Hippocrates, Serapion 
 of Alexandria, Philinus of Cos, Herophilus, As- 
 clepiades, Themison of Laodicea, Thessalus of 
 Tralles, Soranus of Ephesus, Leonides of Alex- 
 andria, ^henaejis of Attalia, Archigenes of 
 Apamaea, ^^athinus of Sparta, Galenus, Para- 
 celsus, John/' Baptist van Helmont, Sylvius de 
 le Boe, Keill,- Bamberger, Pitcairne, H. Boer- 
 haave, J. E. Stahl, Frederick Hoffman, George 
 Baglivi, CuUen, Darwin, John Brown, Beddoes, 
 Girtanher, Reil, Rush, Rasori, and Broussais. 
 
 Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism. 
 
 DODDER OF THYME, Cuscuta epithy- 
 mum. 
 
 DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis. 
 
 DOOECAUACTYLON, Duodenum. 
 
 DODECAPHAR'MACUM, from ^wj«», 
 'twelve,' and tcc^nax'.v, 'a medicine.' An an- 
 cient name given to all medicines which con- 
 sisted of twelve ingredients. See ApOstolorum 
 Unguentum. ' 
 
 DODECATH'EON, from 3a,3ixa, 'twelve,' 
 and tiSyi/xi, ' I put.' An aritidqte, consisting of 
 twelve simple substances. — Paulus of .lEgina. 
 
 DoDEOATHEON, Sauicula— d. Plinii, Pingui- 
 cola vulgaris. 
 
 UODON^A, Myrica gale. v 
 
 DOORANS, Spithama. 
 
 DOGCHOAK, Cynanche. 
 
 DOGIJAYS, (F.) Juwrs C/mirnlairen. Du- 
 ring these days comprised between the 'iith of 
 July, and the 2:id of August, the temperature of 
 the air in Europe is generally high and oppres- 
 sive. They have received this name from the 
 
 dogstar, Canic'iila, 2fi^ioe,Si'rias--^ Vefy brll- 
 liant star in the constellation of the grea* dog, 
 which rises and setsj- at this time, with the 
 sun. It was formerly believed to be a period 
 particularly unpropitious to health; that it was 
 dangerous to purge during it^and other phanta- 
 sies were indulged in regard to it. 
 
 DOGGRASS,'Triticumrepens. .. 
 
 DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek 3>rf,a,lxom 
 *6KEoi, 'I think.' Dogmat'ioua. Tbeiiameof 
 an ancient medical sect; so called, because its 
 members endeavoured, :by reasoning; td disco- 
 ver the essence of disetises and their occult 
 causes ; whilst .the Empirics, their rivals, con- 
 fined themselves strictly to experience; i. e., 
 to the, observation of facts. The union of the 
 two modes of investigation makes the rational 
 physician. These sectarians ate likewise called 
 Dogmatists, and their doctrine ^Dogmaiim. 
 The founders of ttis sect were Hippocrates, 
 Thessalus, Draco, and, Polybius; and the'ibost 
 celebrated of its supporters were Diocles of 
 Carysta, Praxagqras of tJos, Chrysippu's of Soh, 
 Herophilus, ErasistratuS, &c. 
 
 DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsaemifoliiini 
 — d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum^ androsaemifoliutn. 
 
 DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens. 
 
 DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula. 
 
 DOGSTAR, Canicula. " 
 
 DOGTREE, Cornus Florida. 
 
 DOGWOOD,CornusFlorida-^.Blueben-ie(i, 
 Cornus sericea — A. Female.Cornus sericea— d, 
 Florid, Cornus Florida — d. Great flowered, Coi- 
 nus Floridar-d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina— 
 d. New E/igland, Cornus sericea — d. Pond,Ce- 
 phalanthus occidentalis — d. Silky-leaVed, Cor- 
 nus sericea — d. Virginian, male, Cbrnus'Flori- 
 da — d. Round-leaved, Cornus circinata— d. 
 Swamp, Cornus sericea. ^ 
 
 DOIGfT, Djgitus-rrf. Aurieulaire, Auricular 
 finger^if. Milieu, see Digitus — d. Petit, see 
 Digitus. 
 
 00/eT/EK,Digitale,Digitalis— rf.rf'jlirfni- 
 b ili, see Uigitale. 
 
 DOLABRA, Ascia; Voloire. '- 
 
 ,DOL'ICHOS, from, Jj>i/'c, 'long.' A genus 
 of plants of the leguminous family. It includes 
 a number of species, generally indigenous in 
 India or America. The Dofi'hos Lallal^, oi 
 Xablab, is found in Egypt. (Prospero Alpini.) 
 Its fruit is eaten there, like the haricot with 
 us. The Dol'ichos Sinen'sis, is eaten in China, 
 and is stored up as a provision for long voyages. 
 The Dol'ichos I'uberosus, (F.) Pais Fatattai 
 Martinique, has tuberous roots of the size of 
 both fists, and has the consistence-and taSte of 
 the turnip. 'J he Dol'ichos Bnlbo'sus of the 
 West Indies resembles t^e turnip; — and from 
 the Dolichos Soja, the Japanese prepare, the 
 well-known sauce Soy, which they term Saoja, 
 The most important in medicine, is the 
 
 Dol'ichos Pru'riens, Dol'ichos. Stizolo!hifiiiih 
 Mucu'na pru'riens, Cnwhage, CoieitcK, Adunrta 
 Pala. Order LeguminosEE. (F.) Pois a g'at- 
 ter. The stiff hairs of the Doliehns Pods, 
 called Dolichos Pubes, D..Prurient'is jmhs, 
 Dolichi Seta Legu'mimim, Lann'go Sil'iq«o 
 hirsu'tse, Mucu'na, (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts 
 used in medicine. They excite an intolerable, 
 prurient sensation when applied to the skm; 
 but do not irritate the mucous membrane over 
 which they pass, when administered internally. 
 , The Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and 
 
DOLOIRE 
 
 285 
 
 BOSE 
 
 i» useful in cases of ascarides luiubiicoides, and 
 oxyiures vermiculares. Dose, gr. v, to x, of the 
 pubes, in molasses. 
 
 Miicu'na pruri'ta, a distinct species, but pos- 
 sessing similar properties, grows in the East 
 Indies. '< 
 
 DOLOIRE (F.),As'eia, Dol'abra, 'd, car- 
 penter's axe.' A Bandage en doloire is one in 
 which the turns are so placed, that each one 
 covers two-thirds of that which is immediately 
 beneath it. It has received the name Duloire- 
 fromHts representing the obliquity of the edge 
 of the instrument whose name it bears. See 
 Bandage. 
 
 DOLOR, Pain— d. Ani, Proctalgia— d. Capi- 
 tis. Cephalalgia — d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia — 
 d. Colicus, Colic — d. Crucians, faciei, Neural- 
 gia, facial — d. Uentium, Odontalgia — d. Denti- 
 um a stridore, Haemodia — d. Faciei, Neuralgia, 
 facial — d. Ischiadicus nervosus, Neuralgia, fe- 
 moro-poplitaea — d. Lenis, Hypodynia — d. Mitis, 
 Hypodynia— d. Nephreticus, Nephralgia — d. 
 Pectoris externus, Pleurodynia — d.Pudendorum, 
 Pude^dagra — d. Rheumaticus et arthritic us. 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour— 
 d. Intestinorum, Colic — d. PartUrientis, Pains, 
 labour — d. Post partum. Pains, after — d. Puer- 
 perarum. Pains, afteir-Ml. Rodentes, Pains, 
 gnawing. 
 
 DOMBEY'A EXCEL 'SA, Arauca'ria Dom- 
 iey't. A tree, whicli inhabits Chili, and fur- 
 nishes Dotliieya turpentine ; a glutinous, milky- 
 looking fluid .of a strong odour and taste. 
 
 DOMES'TIC, Domes'ticus, trom domus, 'a 
 house.' The term Domestic or Pop'ular Med'- 
 icine, has been given to treatises written for 
 the purpose of enabling those who are not of 
 the profession to treat diseases, which may oc 
 cur in their families, without the necessity of 
 calling, in a physician. The term, likewise, 
 signifies— Medicine, when thus practiserd. It 
 is probable, that such works have been attended 
 with more mischievous than advantageous re- 
 sults. < 
 
 DO'MINA'RUM AQTJA. A medicme de- 
 scribed by Myrepsus, .which he considered 
 eiumenagogue. 
 
 DOMPTE-VENIN, Asolepias vincetoxi- 
 eum. 
 
 DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrene. 
 
 DON DO, Albino. 
 
 DONESIS, Agitation. 
 
 DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach. 
 
 DORCADIZON, Capriza^ns. 
 
 DOREA, Hemeralops. 
 
 DOREMA AMMONIACirM,see Ammoniac, 
 Gum. < 
 
 DORMITATIO, Somnolency. 
 
 DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see 
 Lucumorianus. # 
 
 DORONIC, Doronicum pardalianches — d. 
 d^Allemagne, Arnica montana. 
 
 DORONICUM GERMANICUM, Arnica 
 montana. 
 
 Doeon'icdm Pardalian'ches, D.Roma'mim, 
 Roman Leop'ard's Bane, (F.) Doronic, Moirt 
 aJixFantkires. The root of this plant resem- 
 bles Arnica Montana in its properties. 
 
 DORSAL, Ddrsa'lis: from dorsum, 'the back.' 
 Notice'us. Relating to the back of the body, or 
 of one of its parts ; as the Dorsal vertebra, 
 nerves, &c.; Dorsal artery of the tongue, penis, 
 
 &c. i Dorsal region of the foot, hand, &C. J Dor- 
 sal Consumption, &c. 
 
 DOJiSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi. 
 
 DORSO-COSTAL, Sejratus posticus, supe- 
 rior — d. Liimbo-costai, Serratus posticus inferior 
 — d. Lombo-sacro-humiral, Latissimus dorsi — 
 d: Susaernmien, Trapezius — d. Traehelon-oa- 
 cipiial, Complexus. 
 
 DORSTENIA BRAZILIENSIS, Caa-apia. 
 
 PoRSTENiA Contrayer'va, Called after Dr. 
 Dorsten; Contrayer'va, Dxahe'na,Cype'r^us.'lon- 
 gniSf o'dorus seu Pfma'nws, Bezoar'dica Radix, 
 Dovate'nia Housto'nii^ Lisbon Contrayer'va, 
 (F.) Racine -de Chards, R. de Drackcy Racine 
 des Phillippines. Family, Urticeae. Sex. 
 Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. A plant of South 
 America, whose root, Coritrayer'va (Ph. U. S.) 
 is aromatic, bitter, and astringent. It has been 
 given as a tonic, stimulant and sudorific. Dose, 
 gr. xij to J5SS. 
 
 DORSUM, Notos, Noton. The back. ' Me- 
 taph'renon, Tergum, (F.) Dos. The posterior 
 part of the trunk, extending from the inferior 
 and posterior region of the neck- as far as the 
 loins. The back of the foot, Dorstitn pedisy'ii 
 the upper part of that organ, opposite the sole : 
 the bank of the hand, Dorsiitn manus, the part 
 opposed to the palnf. In the same sense, we 
 say Dorsum penis. Dorsum, nasi, for the upper 
 part of those organs. 
 
 DoEspM, Vertebral column — d. Maniis, Opis- 
 thenar. 
 
 DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus. ' 
 
 DOS, Dorsum. 
 
 DOSE, Dosis, Prx'bium. The quantity of 
 any substance, which ought to form part of a 
 compound medicine, or ought to be exhibited 
 singly, to produce a desired effect. Many cir- 
 tumsteinces influence the doses of medicine. 
 Women require smaller d,oses, as a general prinr- 
 ciple, than^ me». Habit has a great effect,, as 
 well as climate, age, idiosyncrasy : all these, 
 and qther circumstances, must be taken into 
 account; and every general rule on the. subject 
 will be found to have numerous exceptions. 
 Some of the mechanical physicians, laid it down 
 as a rule, that thedoses of medicines must al- 
 ways be as the square of the constitution ! A 
 matter not easy of calculation. 
 
 The following Tables will exhibit an approx- 
 imation to the proper doses (according to age) 
 of most substances. 
 
 Table of Doses according to Age. 
 
 Age 34 
 18 
 14 
 7 
 4 
 3 
 2. 
 1 
 
 Let the full dose be 
 will require 
 
 T 
 
 3-3ds. 
 
 half. 
 
 l-3d. 
 
 l-4th. 
 
 I-Bih. 
 
 S8th. 
 
 l-12th. 
 
 J drachm. 
 
 3 scruples. 
 _ J drachm. 
 
 1 scruple. 
 lA giains. 
 10 grains- 
 
 8 grains. 
 
 5 grains. 
 
 The table of doses, recommended by Dr. 
 Thomas Young, according to age, differs in 
 some respects from the above. Either affords 
 a sufficient general approximation. His rule 
 is, that ~ 
 
 For children, under twelve years of age; the 
 doses of Ttiost medicines TTiust be diminished lin 
 the proportion of the age to the age increased by 
 
 twelve : 
 
 o 
 thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., 1-7 =_ 
 
 At twenty-one the full dose is given. 
 
 2.fl2 
 
DOSIOLOGIA 
 
 S86 
 
 DRAGMA 
 
 BosES, Broken. When an agent is given 
 in email portions it is said to' be in bror&en 
 doses^'-r^efractis dosibus, 
 
 DOSIOLOGIA, Posology. 
 
 DOSIS, Dose, 
 
 DO^Slli, BourdoTinet. ■ 
 
 DOTAGE, Dementia. 
 
 DOTHIEN, Furunculus. 
 
 DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHIENENT/lRIE, Ddthinenteritis. 
 
 DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. ' 
 
 DOTHINENTERI'TIS,. properly Dothien- 
 *9it6n'tiSj Dotkienenter'ia, Dothinenter'iti, Ente- 
 ri'tis piistulo'sa, E^iterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'-. 
 tis, from ioSim, 'a pustule,' and trrsjov, 'intes- 
 tine.' (F.) Dothinenterite, Dothinenterie, Do- 
 tkienenterie, Dotkierienterite, Follic'ular Gas- 
 troenteri'tis . An inflammation and ulceration of 
 the glands or tplUcles of Peyer and Brunner, 
 which Bretonneau considers to. be the essence 
 of a large class of fevers, particularly of those 
 of the typhoid character. See Typhus. 
 
 DOTHION, Eurunculus. ,' 
 
 DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Con- 
 tro-stimulus, (doctrine of.) 
 
 DOUBLl[-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Cpn- 
 sciousness, double. • ' 
 
 DOUBLE-HEARING, DipUco'ia, Ditteco'ia, 
 Paracu'sis duplica'ta^ P. Imperfec'tay The 
 action of the one ear unaccordant with that df 
 the other: sounds heard doubly, and in different 
 tones ox, keys. 
 
 DOUCE AMkB.E^?xi[s.nvLm dulcamara. 
 
 DOUCHE, CY.) In, Italian (ioccja; modern 
 "[jSXm, diicia ; Cataclys'Tntts, Douse, This term 
 is applied to the shock of a coluinn of fluid, of 
 a determinate nature and temperature, let fall 
 upon the body. Pumping is a variety of ' the 
 Douche. In using this kind of bath, the fluid 
 is directed upon the part on which we are de- 
 sirous of acting. The douches descendantes are 
 those in which the fluid falls from a height, — 
 the douches ascendantes , those administered in 
 diseases of the uterus, — the douches horizoiv- 
 tales, where the fluid is impelled horizontally, 
 &c. They may be cold or warm, according to 
 circumstances. The apparatus consists of a re- 
 servoir of water having a pipe or plug, by 
 means of which the water can be directed as 
 the practitioner may desire. The Douche com- 
 municates a considerable and peculiar shock to 
 the nervous system; and is one of the most suc- 
 cessful means for taming the furious maniac. 
 It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism, stifl" 
 joints, &c. ■ ^ ' 
 
 Do-uches of air are, also, occasionally' Used, 
 as in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian 
 tube by mucus. The Douches are sent from 
 an air-press-.-bf which Deleau and KramSr have 
 invented one each— through a catheter intro- 
 duced through the nose into the tube, 
 ') DOlTiE'ZTEjPain — d. rfeC^tc'.Pleurodynia — 
 rf. dcs Dents, Odontalgia — d. de I'Estomac,- 
 Cardialgia — d. Nevralgique de I'Estomac, Car- 
 ilialgia — d. Pulsative, see Throbbing. 
 
 DOULEURS, Pains, labpur— i^. Conqiias- 
 santes, see Conqnassant, 
 
 DOUSE, Dwiche. 
 
 DOUVE, Uistoma hepaticum — cl. du Foie, 
 Distoma hepaticum — d. Petite, Ranunculus 
 flammula. 
 
 DRAtmiON, Pugillua. 
 
 0RACHM, Drachma, Dram, (F.) Gros. 
 
 The ancient name of a piece of money,' weigh- 
 ing the eighth part of pxt ounce. At the prci 
 sent day it is used for this weight. 
 
 DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrarg:yri submu- 
 rias — d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 DRAOOCKPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE, D. 
 Moldav'ieum, Melis'sa Ttir'cicd, Tiirtiy Bal- 
 sam, Cana'ry Balsami, Balm of Gil'ead- Tree 
 Alpi'ni Bal'samum, (F.) Melisse de Moldavie. 
 A Turkish and Siberian plant, which has an 
 aromatic taste, joined 'with an agreeable flavour. 
 It has been hsed as a tonic. 
 
 URACONTHjEMA, see Calamus rotang 
 
 DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See,' also 
 Dracontium foetidum. ' 
 
 Deacom'tium Fffi'TIDUM, Dracon'tuimj Icto'- 
 des fd'tidus , Sytnploc'ar'pns fastida, Poikos fa'- 
 tida, Arii'm'America'num betce fo'liOjPothai Pu- 
 to'rvi, Sjiathye'ma fmtida, Shunh Cahhage, 
 Polecat Collard, Cow-collard, Colt'ard, ^kwni 
 weed. Itch' weed. Stink' poke, Swamp cabhage, 
 Pole'eat 'weed, Hel'lebore;, El'lehore, Irish Cab- 
 bage. Nat.- Ord. Aroidese. Se,3:. St/sf. Te- 
 trandria Monogynia. This indigendus plant, as 
 some of its names import, is extremely, fetid. 
 The property on'which its medical yirtue? are 
 dependent, resides in a volatile principle, which 
 is impaired by long keeping, especiially in pow- 
 der. Dose, of the dried root, ' Dramntimt, 
 (Ph. U. S.,) ten tp twenty grains. It resem- 
 bles asafoetida and other fetid gums in its pro- 
 prertieS; in other words, belongs to the class of 
 reputed antispasmodics. 
 
 Dracontium Angustisfath a, Symplocar'pa 
 Angustispatha, Narrow-spathed Skunk Cab' 
 bage, is possessed of similar properties. 
 
 -DRACU^'CULUS, 'Draeon'tium; Vena, Mi- 
 di' naAr'abwm, Gor'dius Medine7t'sis,Vermie'u- 
 lus Capilla'ris^ Dracun'culus Gordius, Fila'ria 
 Medinen'sis, Malis Dracuii' cuius, Malis Gor'- 
 dii. Muscular Haifworm, Bichios, Bicho. The 
 Guinea Worm, (F.) Dragonnean, Ver de Gm- 
 nee, Ver Filaire, V. de Me dike, V, cutani, 
 Veine de Medine. A genus of worms, fre- 
 quently met with in Indian and African climes. 
 They are characterized by a filiform body, and 
 are smooth and nearly of equal thickness 
 throughout. The Guinea worm, when small, 
 insijiuates itself through the cutaneous pores, 
 and penetrates into the cellular membrane and 
 between the muscles ; especially between those 
 of the lower limbs, where it occasions a tumour 
 like a boil, which subsequently suppurates, and 
 the head of the worm appears and emerges 
 gradually. The head must then be seized, and 
 the woi'm be cautiously rolled round a sDiall 
 cylinder of linen or other substance. Care 
 must be taken not to break it,, as great pain and 
 obstinate suppuration might be the consequence. 
 
 Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. 
 Some even deny that fhe cases of Dracunciilus, 
 oh recPrd, are really those of worms. 
 
 Dracdnculus PoLTPHTLLtfs, Arum dracun- 
 culus — d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 DRAGlES, (F.) Alrnonds or dried pre- 
 serves, covered with white sugar. Sugar 
 plum-s. 
 
 DR AGUES DE KEYSER; a pharmaceu- 
 tical preparation, formerly much celebrated in 
 syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mer- 
 cury, manna, starch, mucilage and gvm traga- 
 canth. ^ 
 
 DRAGMA, Pugillus. 
 
DRAGMIS 
 
 287 
 
 DROPSY 
 
 DRAGMIS, Pugillus. 
 
 DRAGON (F.), Dragon. Some authors have 
 given this name to opake spots on the cornea, 
 and to cataract. 
 
 Dkagon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora androme- 
 dea — d. Root, Arum triphyllum, Pterospora 
 andromedea^d. Tuinip, Arum triphyllum. 
 
 DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang. 
 
 DRAGONNE-AU, Dracunculus. 
 , DRAINING, Desicca'tiOjCF.) Desslehement. 
 The act of drawing off the wat?r from marshes, 
 for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy 
 emanations which proceed from them. It is a 
 well known fact, that from marshes arise cer- 
 tain emanations or miasmata, vvith the nature 
 of which we are, however, totally unacquainted, 
 but which are the fertile source of intermittents 
 an/1 other diseases. Draining the soil and con- 
 verting it into arable land changes its character, 
 and the malaria ceases to be given oflF. It has 
 happened, however, that although in some such 
 situations intermittents have been got rid of, 
 consumptions have taken their place. 
 
 DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
 
 DR'APEAU, (F.) Vexil'him, from drap, 
 ' cloth.' A bandage, used in wounds, &c., of 
 the nose, to keep the dressings in situ. It is 
 composed of a sniall triangular compress, having 
 two openings at its inferior" part, corresponding 
 to those of the nostrils. It is fixed by means of 
 a bandage, passing from its superior angle over 
 the head; and another passing round the head, 
 under the orbits, so as to join the first at the 
 nape of the neck. Also, Pterygion. 
 
 DRAP FANON, see Fanon. 
 ■ DRASTIC, Dras'ticus, Cenot'ie, frdm 'ifaui, 
 * I operate strongly.'' Active. An epithet, 
 given to purgatives, which operate powerfully; 
 as elaterium^ oil of c-roton, &c. , 
 
 DRAUGHT, Haustus. A term also applied 
 by nurses to the sudden rush of blood to the 
 mammse, occasioned in the mother by the sight 
 or even thought of her infant, and which occa- 
 sions a greatly increased secretion of milk. 
 
 Dhaught, Black, see Irifusum sennae com- 
 positum. 
 
 DRAX, Pugillus.' 
 
 DREAM, Somnium — d. Waking, Hallucina- 
 tion. 
 
 DRkCHE, Malt. 
 
 DREGS, Feculence. ' 
 
 DREPANOIDES, Falciform. 
 
 DRESS, Vestitus. 
 
 DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.' 
 An hospital assistant, whose office it is to dress 
 \vounds, ulcers, &c. He ■ corresponds in func- 
 tion to the Hive externe of the French hospi- 
 tals. 
 
 Dressing, Cura,Ctcrat'io, (Fj)Pansement. 
 The methodical application of any remedy or 
 apparatus to a diseased part. Also, th^ remedy 
 of apparatus itself. 
 
 ■0RIMYPHA'GIA,from«gM'us,'acrid,"aro- 
 matic,' and ipuyw, 'I eat.' An aromatic and ex- 
 citing diet." 
 
 , DRINK, from Sax. enencan, Poma, Po'tio, 
 Pqtus, (F.)3oisson. Evfery liquid introduced 
 into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re- 
 pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body. 
 The necessity for its use is indicated by the 
 sensation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a meal, 
 aids in the digestion of the food. Some drinks 
 are exciting and tonic, as the different varieties 
 
 of beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at 
 table. In a therapeutical point of view, drinks 
 are used to appease the thirst which prevails in 
 febrile affections, or to act as diluents in thosS 
 and other cases. 
 
 The Ordinary Drinks, according to their che- 
 mical composition, are — 1 . Water, spring wa- 
 ter, river water^ well water, &c . — 'i. Juices and 
 infusions of Animal and Vegetable substances, 
 lemon juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, 
 mattee, &c. — 3. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, 
 beer, cider, perry. — 4. Spirituous Liquors, 
 brandy, alcohol, ether, kirschwasser, rum, 
 arrac, gin, whiskey, ratifies, cordials, &c. 
 
 DRIVELLING, Slavering. 
 
 DROGUE, Drug. 
 
 DROGUIER, (F.) Same etymon as drug. 
 A collection of different simple medicinal sub- 
 
 DROGUISTE, Druggist. 
 
 DROIT DE L'ABDOMEN,^ctus abdomi- 
 nis^^. Anteriejir de la cuisse. Rectus femoris 
 — d. Aiiterieur de lathe. Rectus capitis internUB 
 minor — d. Anterieur de la tite, grand. Rectus 
 capitis internus major-^-«^. Externe de {'leil. Rec- 
 tus externus oculi — d. Inferieiir de I'ail, Rectus 
 inferior oculi — d\ Interne de la cuisse, .Gracilis 
 — d. Interne de 1'm.l, Rectus iriternus oculi — d. 
 Lateral de la the. Rectus capitis lateralis — d. 
 Posterieur de la tete, grand. Rectus .capitis pos- 
 ticus major — d. Posterieur de la the, petit. Rec- 
 tus capitis posticus minor — d. Superieur, Rec- 
 tus superior oculi. 
 
 DROP, Gutta, (q. v.) 
 
 Drop, Ague, tasteless. Liquor arseiiicalis 
 — d. Black, Guttas nigrae — d. Red, Ward's, see 
 Vinum antimonii tartarizati-:-d. Serene, Amau- 
 rosis. 
 
 DROPACISMUS, Depilation. 
 
 DROPAX, Depilatory. 
 
 DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped. 
 
 DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum 
 Abbatis Rousseau-^d. Anodyne, Liquor mor- 
 phinae acetatife — d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, 
 see Infusum gentian* compositum — d. Anti- 
 venereal, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — d. Cha- 
 momile, see Anthemis pobilis — d. Dutch, Bal- 
 sam of sulphur, Balsarri of Turpentine — d. Fit, 
 Spiritus ammoniae fcetidus, see Fuligo — d. Gol- 
 den, de laMotte's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfuri- 
 co-8Ethereus ferri — d. Green's, see Liquor Hy- 
 drargyrioxymuriatis — d. Jesuit's, Tinctura ben- 
 zoini composita — d. Lavender, Spiritus Lavan- 
 dulae compositus — d. Nitre, Sf)iritus aetheris 
 nitrici — d. Norris's, see Antimonium tartariza- 
 tum — d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrargyri Oxymu- 
 riatis — d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops, Bateman's 
 — d. Peppermint, Pastilli dementha piperita — 
 d. Soot, see Fuligo — d. Wade's, Tinctura benzoi- 
 ni composita — d. WJiite, Ward's, see Hydrar- 
 gyri nitras. 
 
 Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation 
 used in Demarara under the name bf Warburg's 
 Fevei-'Drops. It is said to be a tincture of Be- 
 
 DROPSICAL, Hydropicus. 
 
 DROPSY, Hydrops— d. of the Belly, Ascites 
 — d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus — d. of the 
 cellular Membrane, Anasarca — ^^d. of the Chest, 
 Hydrothorax — d. of the Eye, Hydrophthal- 
 mia. 
 
 Dropsy, Fibrinous. Dropsy in which the 
 effused' fluid contains fibrin. ' ' 
 
DROPWORT 
 
 288 
 
 DUO]>ENUM 
 
 DEOPsr, General, Anasarca — d. of the Head, 
 Hydrocephalus — d. of the lachrytaal Sac, Fis- 
 tula lachrymalis^-d. of the lachrymal Sac, La- 
 chrymal herijia — d. of thePericardiuinyHydro- 
 pericardium — d. of the Peritoneum, Ascites — 
 fi. of the Pleurge, Hydrothorax — d. Water of, 
 Serum of Serous memhranes^d. Wind, Em- 
 physema — d. of the Womb, Hydrometra. 
 
 DROPWORT, Spirsed filipendula— d. Hem- 
 lock, (Enanthe — d. Watpr, Htrtillock, CEnanthe 
 — d. Western,' Gillenia trifoliata. 
 
 DROSE'RA ROTIJNDIFO'LIA: The sys- 
 tematic name of the Sundew, Ros'solis, Drosio- 
 iiifanon, Dro'sium, Rorel'la., (F.) Rossolis. 
 This plant has a bitter, acrid, and caiistic taste. 
 It has been used as a rubefacient, and to destroy 
 warts and coirns. It has, also, been regarded 
 as a pectoral. 
 
 DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifoKa. 
 
 DROSIUJVf, Dros6ra rotundifolia. 
 
 DROSOMELI, Fraxinus otnus. 
 
 DRUG, Medicamen'tum, (F.) Drogue. A 
 name ordinarily Applied tq simple ttiedicines, 
 but by extension, tp every substance employed 
 in the cure of disease. Menage derives it from 
 droga; and this from the Persian (;?roa,''odour;' 
 because many drugs have a strong, odour. It 
 is from the Teutonic trocien, Sax. npizan, • to 
 dry.' ; I 
 
 DRUGGIST, Drugger, Drugster- Same 
 etymon, JPharTfiacojpi/la, Materialis'ta, Se- 
 ■plasia'Hus, PharmaeopcB'us, (F.) Droguiste. 
 One who sells drugs. 
 
 DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
 
 DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia. 
 ' DJIYING, Desicca'tion^ Sicca'tio, Xeran'sis, 
 Antan'sis, 'Desicca'tio, Exsicca'tio ; same ety- 
 mon as Drug., Evaporation' or removal of the 
 superfluous humidity in a body. 
 
 Drying of Pi-ants, Desicro.'tion of Plants. 
 Those which are very succulent should be dried 
 quickly. They must be spread upon lattice 
 work, covered from the light and exposed to the 
 heat of the sun or to that of a stove, not ex- 
 ceeding 110° Fahrenheit. The drying of less 
 succulent plants can be effected at a lower tem- 
 perature. Flowers must be dried very care- 
 fully, excluding the light. Seeds are driexl in a 
 place where there is a free current of air. Pnlpy 
 fruits may be exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, 
 which may be gradually elevated. Roots may 
 also be dried in the stove ; the tuberous require 
 to be cut in slices. 
 • DRYMIS WINTERI, Wintera aromatica. 
 
 DTHOKE, Frambcesia. 
 
 ,DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' 
 The state or quality of being two. 
 
 DVALITY OF THE MiND, OK BrAIW. As the 
 
 organ consists of two hemispheres, they have 
 been regarded by some as separately and dis- 
 tinctly concerned in the mental and moral ma- 
 nifestations. 
 
 DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal alimentary, 
 Thoracic duct — d. of Bellini, Uriniferous tube 
 — d. Nasal, Lachrymal diict — d. of Pecquet, 
 Thoracic duct — d. of Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
 
 DUCTOR CANALICULATUS,,Gorget-d. 
 Urinee, Ureter. - : 
 
 DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus — d. Arteriosus, 
 Arterial duct — d. Auris palatinus, Eustachian 
 Tube— d. Belliniani, Uriniferous Tubes. 
 
 Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bak'tholine's 
 
 Duet, (F.) Candl de Bartholin. The excre- 
 tory, duct of the sublingual gland. 
 
 Ductus., BiLiARii, Pori biliarii-^-d. Botalli, 
 Arterial duct; — d. Choledochus, Choledoch duct 
 -7-d. Chyliferiis, Thoracic duct — d. Cibarius, 
 Canal, aJimentary — d. Ferreini, Ferreins <^anal 
 Of — d. Hepaticus,, Hepatic duet— d. Incisivus, 
 Palatine dUct (anterior) — d. InteStinalis, Ca- 
 n&l, alimentary — d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct 
 — d. Lachrymalis, Laehryinal duct — d. Lacru- 
 malis. Lachrymal duct — d. Nasalis orbita?, 
 Lachrymal or nasal duct— d, Nasalo-palatinus 
 Palatine duct (anterior) — dl ad Nasum^ Lachry- 
 mal or nasal duct — d. Nutiitii, Canals, nutritive 
 — d. Pancreaticus, see Pancreas — d. Pecquet!, 
 Thoracic duct — d. Punctorum lachrymaliiim, 
 Lachrymal ducts — d. Riviniani, see Sublingual 
 gland-^d.. Rorifer, Thoracic duct. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'biorj Ductus T^ar- 
 fkonia'nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The ex- 
 cretory duct of the submaxillary gland. 
 
 Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'riob, Ductus Steno- 
 nia'nus, 'SlENo's Duct, (F.) Canal de Sienoh. 
 The excretory duct of the parotid gland which 
 opens into the mouth opposite the second upper 
 molar tooth. , . ' 
 
 Dj'ctus Semi-Circulari;s Labyrinthi, Se- 
 mi-circular canals — A. Serosi, Lymphatic ves- 
 sels— d. Spirales cochleae, Scalae of th^ cochlea 
 — d. Steponianus, Ductus salivalis stiperior — i. 
 Thoracicus, Thoracic duct — d. Urinae, Ureter — 
 d. Urinarius, Urethra — d. Uriniferi Bellini, 
 Uriniferous tubes — d. Varicosi uteri, TnhaeFal- 
 lopianae — d. Venosus, Canal, venous— d. Wal- 
 theriani, see Sublingual gland — d. Wa'rtbonia- 
 nns. Ductus salivalis inferior. ^ 
 
 DUELECH, Dulech. 
 
 DUEL 'LA. The ancient name of a weight, 
 which was equivalent to eight scruples. 
 
 DUG, Nipple. ' 
 
 DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 DULCEDO AMORIS„qiitoris. 
 
 DULECH> Due'lech. A term employed hy 
 Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre- 
 tended tartarized substance, which forms in the 
 human body, and produces acute pain, accom- 
 panied with greiat danger. 
 
 DULSE, Rhodomela palmata— d. Pepper, 
 Laure'ntia pinnatifida. 
 
 DUMBNESS, Mutitas. '' 
 
 DUNBLANE, MINERAL WAT^JfeS , OF. 
 The springs of Dunblane, in Scotland, contain 
 sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodiufo an^ cal- 
 cium, and cairbonate of iron. 
 
 DUNG, Fimns^^. Cow's, Fimws Taccae— d. 
 Goose, Fimus anselris — d. Stone-horse, Fimns 
 equinus. ';. 
 
 DUNGA, Dengue. 
 
 D-UODENI'TIS, Dodecadactyfli'Hs. A hy- 
 brid term, from duodentimy and itisi demoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the duodenum, 
 characterized by white tongue; bitter taste; 
 anorexia; fulness and tendeme?^- in the region 
 of the duodenum; and often yeHi*J]vness of skin ; 
 along with the ordinary signs of febrile irrita- 
 tion. , , ' -, 
 
 DUODE'NUM, Ventric'ulus Suecentvria'tus, 
 Bc'physis seaAppen'dix seviProces'sus Ventnc'- 
 hH, Portona'rium, Dodecadac'tylon, from i"- 
 Sexa, 'twelve,' and JaxruMic, 'a finger.' The 
 duodenum is the first part of the intestinal ca- 
 nal, commencing at the pyloric orifice of th" 
 stomach, and terminating in the jejunum. Its 
 
DUO-STERNAL 
 
 S89 
 
 DYSAPULGTUS 
 
 length is about 12 fingers' breadth, and as it is 
 only partially covered by the peritoneum, it is 
 susceptible of considerable dilatation; hence its 
 name Ventrieulus sitccetUuriatus » In the duo- 
 dehupi, chylification takes place after the ad- 
 mixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids with 
 the chyme. 
 
 ]>UO-STEKNAL.- B^clard thus names the 
 second osseous portion of the sternum, which 
 corresponds to the secondt intercostal space. 
 
 DUPLICA'TION, {duo, 'two,' and pUcare, 
 ' to fold.') DupUca'tio, DupUc"itas, Dipla- 
 sias'miis, Diplo'sis. A species of malformation, 
 characterized by the parts concerned being 
 doubled. — Meckel. 
 
 DU'PLIC ATURE, LhipHcatu'ra, Reflee'tion, 
 from duplex, 'double,' Uwofold.' The folding 
 or reflection of a membrane upon itself; as Du- 
 pHcature or reflection of the pleura, peritoneM^ 
 &c. 
 
 DUPON'DIUM. A weight of four drachms. 
 — Galen. 
 
 DUE, Hard. 
 
 DURA MATER, Crassa meriinx. Dura me- 
 iiinx, ScHtfome'ninx, Meninx exte'rior, Merdnx 
 sclera, M^ packet' a of Galen, Dura tnembra'na 
 cer^ebriim. am'biens, Cuticula'ris membra'nd, JJf. 
 derm'ito'des, Meninge, (Ch.). It has been 
 called dura, because of its great resistance; and 
 mater, because it was believed to give rise to 
 every membrane of the body. (F.) Dure •mire, 
 Dure-taye (Pare.) It is a fibrous semitrans- 
 parent membrane, of a pearly-white colour, 
 thick, and very resisting ; lines the cavity of 
 the cranium, and contains the spinal marrow; 
 protects the brain and marrow; and, by its va- 
 rious expansions-^the falx cerebri, tentorium, 
 &c., — supports the different parts of the cere- 
 bral mass. The largest artery of the dura ma- 
 ter is the A, Tnenivga^'a me'dia, 
 
 DuEA- Mater, Lateral Processes of the. 
 Tentorium. 
 
 DURE MkRE, Dura mater. 
 
 DURE TATE, Dura mater. 
 
 DTIRltTE D'OREILLE, Baryecoia— «;. de 
 I'Ouie, Deafness. 
 
 DVRILLON, Callosity. 
 
 DURUS, Hard. 
 
 DUTROA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 DWARF, Nanxis. 
 
 DWARFISH, see Nanus. 
 
 DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus. 
 
 DYCtOIDES, Reticular. 
 
 DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria— -d. 
 Wged, iSenista tinctoria, Reseda luteola. 
 
 DYNAMETER, Dynamometer. 
 
 DYNAMIC, Dyvam'ictix, (¥.) Dyn-am'gue : 
 same etymon. In Mechanics, the part, which 
 - investigates the powers whereby bodies are put 
 in. motion, and the laws ' resulting therefrom. 
 In Biology, that which relates to the vital forces. 
 Those influences of agents on the prganism, 
 which are ascribable to neither mechanical nor 
 chemical causes, are sometimes termed dynumic. 
 
 DYN AMICUS, Dynamic. 
 
 DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force. 
 
 DY'iikM.OWET:'ES^Myodynamiom'eter,.My- 
 adynamom'eter, ftom (?u«a|«/f, 'force,' 'vital 
 power,' and /^icr^nr, ' measure.' An instrument, 
 contrived by M. Reghier, for measuring the 
 comparative muscular strength, of man and ani- 
 mals. It consists of a spring, which, when 
 pressed upon, causes a needle to move upon a 
 
 portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of 
 kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes. To 
 measure the strength of the hands, the two 
 branches of the spring are firmly grasped, and 
 brought as near .together as the force can carry 
 them. This effort makes the needle traverse, 
 and indicates, on the scale of kilbgrammea, the 
 strength of the experimenter's hands. A man, 
 yS or 30 years of age, exerts a forde commonly 
 equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 pounds. 
 
 The strength of the loins of a man, about 30 
 years of age, as indicated by this instrument, 
 is usually about 13 myri^rammes, or a65 
 pounds, which shows the weight he is capable 
 of raising. 
 
 From eiperiments made by Peron, in his 
 voyage, on 13 individuals of Van Dieman's 
 Land, 17 of New' Holland^ 56 of the Island of 
 Timor, 17 Frenchmen belongipg to the expedi- 
 tion, and 14 Englishmen in the colony of New 
 South Wales, he found their comparative strength, 
 indicated by the dynamometer, to be as follows : 
 
 
 1 Strength 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 of the arm. 
 
 of the loins. 
 
 Natives of 
 
 ( 
 
 
 
 Kilog. 
 
 lbs. ■ 
 
 Myri. 
 
 lbs. 
 
 1. Van Dieman's 
 
 
 
 
 
 Land. ' 
 
 50.6 
 
 101.2 
 
 
 
 a. New HoUand. 
 
 60.8 
 
 1016 
 
 10.2 
 
 808.08 
 
 3. Timor. 
 
 58.7 
 
 117.4 
 
 116 
 
 238.64 
 
 4. France. 
 
 ma 
 
 138.4 
 
 152 
 
 310.08 
 
 ."J. England. 
 
 71.4 
 
 142 4 
 
 15 2 
 
 332.52 
 
 . Dynamometer or Dtnameter, Medic"inal. 
 An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris, for the 
 purpose of showing the quantity of active mat- 
 ter contained in a given weight or measure of 
 any officinal conipound, with the dose of any 
 preparation, whicn will be equivalent in strength 
 to a given quantity of any other of the same 
 class. Tjje instrument is more ihgenious than 
 useful. 
 
 DYOTA, Diota, 
 
 DYS, <fu{, in composition, 'difficulty faulty:' 
 sometimes privative; mostly answering to the 
 particles dis, in, mis, or un, in English. Hence : 
 
 DyS.iE'MIA, from ivi, ' with difficulty,' and 
 'm/it, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the 
 blood. 
 
 DYSiESTHE'SIA, Byscesthe'sis, from <fvf, 
 ' with difficulty,' and ata-itaio/un, ' I feel.' Ob- 
 scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation. 
 
 DvSiESTHESIA AuDITORIA, Cophosi^ d. GuS- 
 
 tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. Ql- 
 factoria, Anosmia. 
 
 Dys.s;sthe'sia Vistia'lis, Parop'sis. Sense 
 of sight vitiated or lost. 
 
 DYS^STHESIS, Dysaesthesia. 
 (; DYSANAGO'GOS, from /uc, 'with diffi- 
 culty,' and siirayoi, ' I bring up.' That which is 
 expi'ctorated with difficulty.' An epithet given, 
 by. the Greek writers, to the sputa, when ex- 
 pectorated with difficulty, on account of their 
 viscidity. 
 
 DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS, Dysanarrkoph'- 
 ia; from Jut, ' with^difficulty,' and ai«j()o<p7)»-/f, 
 ' a bsorpt ipnT' -Dlmmished absorption from mor- 
 biji^auses. 
 
 DYS'APHE, Dysaph'ia, from (To;, and aqiij, 
 ' feeling.' . Morbid feeling. 
 
 DYSAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'lus, Dysepulo'ti- 
 
DYSARTHRITIS 
 
 290 
 
 DYSMENORRHCEA 
 
 ezts, Dysulo'tiiSj from cToc, and an-^v^ouy, 'to 
 heal.' Healing with difficulty. 
 
 DYSARTHRITIS, Gout, irregular.' 
 
 DYSGATARROSIS, Dysphagia. '■ -n 
 
 UYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia. 
 
 DYSCATAPO'TIA, from ifi;c, and Y.artnira, 
 * I drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. 
 This term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a 
 substitute for hydrophobia, which means dread 
 of liquids. The, dread seems to be partly caused 
 by the difficulty of deglutition. ■ 
 
 DYSCHE'ZIA; from fv, and /tttn', 'to go 
 to stool.' Difficult and painful defecation. 
 
 DYSCHRCEA, from J-uc, 'with difficulty,' 
 and ;^'joa or ;^sn);!t, 'colour.' Dischro'a.' Sickly 
 or unhealthy colour of the skirt . Used synony- 
 mously with the macula of Willan. 
 
 DYSCINE'SIA, from .fuc, 'with difficulty,' 
 and Ktrtm, ' I move.' Difficulty or utter "inca- 
 pability of moving. — Galen. 
 
 DYSCOILIA, Constipation. 
 
 DYSCOPHO'SIS, from ivt, ' with difficulty,' 
 and Kojioi, ' I am deaf.' A defect in the sense 
 of hearing. Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSCO'RIA, from /uf, and kojij, 'the pupil.' 
 Irregularity of shape of the pupil. ^ 
 
 DYSCRA'SIA, from i,iz,-zxA xQaan, ' temper 
 xament.' I/itempe'ries, DisteTnpei an'tia, Dys'- 
 crasy. A bad habit of body. 
 
 DrscBASiA ScROFUEOSA, Scfofula — d. Tuber- 
 culosa, see Tubercle. ' 
 
 DYSCRASIjE, Dysthetica. 
 
 DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia— d. Bilious, Icterus. 
 
 DYS'CRITOS, from d„e, 'with difficulty,' 
 and zjiioie, 'judgment.' That which it is dif- 
 ficult to judge of. — Hippocrates. 
 
 IJYSUACRIA, Dysdacryo'sis, from 3u;, 
 and Saxfivor, 'a tear.' A morbid condition of 
 
 DYSd'aCrVoSIS, Oysdacria. 
 
 DYSECCRIS'IA, from Svi;, and ixxqian, ' ex- 
 cretion.' Difficult or defective excrcticin. 
 
 DYSECCEA, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
 
 DYSEL'CJA, Dysepulo'tns, from dvc, ' with 
 difficulty,' and 'eixoc, 'an ulcer.' An ulcer 
 difficult to heal.— iHippoci'ates,'roesius. ' 
 
 DYSEMESIA, Tomiturition. ' 
 
 DYSENTERIA, Dysentery— d. Biliosa, Co- 
 locholosis — d. Haematera, Dysentery — d. Hepa- 
 tica, Hepatirrhcea — d. Maligna, Enterocace — d. 
 Putrida,Enter6cace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace 
 — d. Splenica, Melaena — d. Typhodes, Entero- 
 cace. 
 
 DYSENTER'IC, Dysenter'icus, Dysen'terus, 
 same etymon as Dysentery. Relating to dy- 
 sentery. 
 
 DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery. 
 
 UYSENTERONERVIA, Colic— d. Saturni- 
 na, Colica metallica. 
 
 DYS ENTERY, Dysenteria, Dysenter'ium, 
 Dynenter'ia hlimatn'ra, Difficul'tas intestino'- 
 rum, from Hue, and siTsoor, 'an intestine;' Dis- 
 soht'tus morbtcsj Diarrhm'a carnosa, Coli'tisj 
 Colofd'tis, Colo-recti'tis , Endocoli'tis, Esocoli'- 
 tis, Deflux'us Dysenter'ictis, Pebris Dysenter'- 
 ica, Flnmen dyfejiter'icuTti^ Flitxus dysenier'- 
 icus, F. cruen'tits cum Teiies'Tno ^Rheutnatis' mu& 
 intestino rurfh cutn 'ul'cerP-^ Tor'tnina Celsi, 
 Tor'Tni/ia, Ble7i)?e?iter'ia, Morbtts dissolu'tus, 
 Sedes crften'to!, Lues dy-iernier'tca^Bloody Flux ; 
 Flux, (F.) Flux dysent'eriqiie, Fl'iix de sang. 
 [nflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
 large intestine; the chief symptotas of wjiich 
 
 are: — feverj more or less inflammatory, with 
 frequent iriucous or bloody evacuations; violent 
 tormina and tenesmus. When the evacuations 
 do not cdntain blood, it has been called Dysen- 
 ter'ia alba or simple Dysentery. The seat of 
 the disease is, generally, in the colon and rectum, 
 it occurs, particularly, during the summer and 
 autumnal months, and in hot climates more 
 than in cold: frequently, also, in qamps and 
 prisons, in consequeince of impure air, and im- 
 perfect nourishment: and is often epidemic. 
 Sporadic .cases of dysentery are, generally, 
 easily managed; but when the disease occurs 
 epidemically, it often exhibits great . malig- 
 nancy. Generally, it yields to mild laxatives, 
 as castor oil, combined with diaphoretic nar- 
 cotics, such as the pulvis iperctieuanha^cempo- 
 situs, sxiA counter-irritants to the abdomen; 
 but, at times, the inflammation runs on so 
 speedily to ulceration, tliat, unless a new action 
 be rapidly excited, death will be the consequence. 
 In such cases, mercury must be rapidly intro- 
 duced into the system, and narcotics may be 
 combined with it. The ^hole management in 
 acute dysentery must, of course", be strictly 
 antiphlogistic. J 
 
 Dysentery, Bilious, Golocholosis. 
 
 DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus. ■ 
 
 DYSEPULOTOS, Dyselcia. ' . . 
 
 DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia. 
 
 DYSGA'LIA, Dysgalaf'tiaj from Jus, iuid 
 ■f/tXa, ' milk.' An unhealthy condition or de- 
 pravation of the milk. ' 
 
 DYSGENNE'SIA, from due, and ysvwij, 
 'generation.' Lesion of the generative orgaiis 
 or functions. 
 
 QYSGEU'SIA, Disgeus'tia, from' Sv(, and 
 yiMirif, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sense 
 of t^ste. 
 
 DYSHiEMORRHCE'A, from Juc, ,' with dif- 
 ficulty,' and 'ui/io'sigtoi,, 'I pass blood.' ' Dimi- 
 nution or suppression of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
 Also, symptoms occasioned hyits diminution 
 or suppression.^Sagar. 
 
 DYSHJSMORRHCE'A, from h,c, 'aijio, 
 'blood,' and uita, 'to flow.' Difficulty of the 
 . flow of blood, — according to some', of the he- 
 morrhoidal -flux. 
 
 DYSHiE'MJA, from (5,jc, and 'a^io, ' blood.' 
 A morbid condition of the blood. 
 
 DYSHAPH'IA,Dy«apA'ia, from ivc, and 'oi/iv, 
 'touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of 
 touch. 
 
 DYSHI'DRIA, Dysifdria, from !v(, and 
 'i^SK'c, 'sweat.' A morhid state of the, perspi- 
 ration. 
 
 DYSIATOS, Svniaroc,{romSi,c, 'wi'thdiffi- 
 ciilty,' and m^iai, 'to heal;' Cura'tp diffic"ilis. 
 Difficult of cure. — Hippocrates. 
 
 DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia. 
 
 DYSLOCHI'A, Col'ica lochia' lis, Hysteral'- 
 gia lochia'lis, from Svc, and ;io;cio?; 'relatingto 
 parturition.' Diminution or suppression of the 
 lochial discharge. 
 
 DYSMASE'SlSjOysm^sse'siSfBradymasse'- 
 
 sis, from iSug, ' with difficulty,' and litnnu 
 'rhasticat'on.' Difficult or impeded mastication. 
 
 DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 DYSMENORRHeS, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 - DYSMENORRHCE'A, Dysme'nia, Parame'- 
 
 liia di.ffic"ilis, Mmorrhd gia stillati"tia, Men'- 
 
 ■itriia difficil'ia, M. Doloro'sa, Ammorrha'a dif- 
 
 fic"ilLs seu partia'lis, Metises dolorif'ica, Mi- 
 
DYSMNESIA 
 
 m 
 
 DYSPHAGIA 
 
 tiorrha^a diffic'Htis, Menstrna'tio diffic"ilis, 
 M,dolo_nf'ica, Labo'riotis or Difficult Mmistrua'^ 
 Hon, (F. ) Dynmevorrheey Meiistrumtibn difficile. 
 Regies difficiles, Stra/ngnrie menstruille. Ca- 
 tarafenia passed with great local pain, especially 
 Jn the loins: — with sdmetimea a membranous 
 discharge. Dysmenorrhoea is very difficult of 
 removal, and prevents conception. In the 
 married female, if she should he able to pass 
 one period without pain, and subsequently be- 
 come pregnant, the morbid action may be h'roken 
 in upon, by gestation, and a perfect cure be ob- 
 tained. <"hange of air, soon after marriage, 
 will sometimes give occasion to this desirable 
 result. The affection generally depends upon 
 subinflammation of the interior of the uterus, 
 called into action at, each catamenial period. 
 The violence of the pain requires the liberal 
 use of narcotics. 
 
 DYSMNE'SIA; from i»uc, 'badly,' andunjs-.s, 
 •memory.' Defective memory. ( 
 
 DYSMORPHE, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHIA, Deformation. 
 
 DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation. 
 
 DYSNIFHRONERVIE, Nephralgia. 
 
 DYgODES, Fetid. . 
 
 DYSO'DIA, Dyxod'mia, Dysos'mia, Fmtor, 
 •foBtor,' from Sv?, 'badly,' and otf, 'I smell.' 
 (F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this ge- 
 neric name to all diseases, characterized by 
 fetid emanations, from whatever part proceed- 
 ing; — from the mouth, nasal ^ossse, bronchia, 
 stomach, axillae, groins, &c. Also, a stench or 
 stink, Psoa. ' ' 
 
 DYSODMIA, Dysodia. 
 
 DYSODONTI'ASIS, T)enti"tio TJiffiD'Hlis, 
 from ivc, 'with difficulty,' and uSovnaTtg, 
 • dentition.' Difficult dentition. 
 
 UYSONEI'ROS, from i,,c, 'with difficulty,' 
 and ortigo;, 'a dream.' Insomnia,- with rest- 
 lessness. 
 
 DYSO'PIA, properly Vysep'sia, Dysora'sis, 
 signifying ' shame,' from Su;, ' with difficulty,' 
 and u-muuai, 'I see.' Difficulty of seeing: ob- 
 scurity of vision. 
 
 Dysopia Dissitoeum, Myopia. 
 
 Dysopia Latera'lis, Parop'sis latera'lis, 
 Skue-sight, Sight Askew. Vision only accurate 
 when the object is placed obliquely". This state 
 is generally caused by some opacity of the cor- 
 nea. 
 
 Dysopia Luminis, Nyctalopia — d. Proximo- 
 rom, Presbytia--jd. Tepebrarum, Hemeralopia. 
 
 DYSOPSIA, Dysopia. 
 
 DYSORASIS, Dysopia. 
 
 DYSOREX'IA, Inappeten'tia, Appeti'tus de- 
 fie"iens, from Sue, .'with difficulty,' and ojieji;, 
 'appetite.' Diminution of appetite. 
 
 , DYSOS'IkllA, from !i„c, 'with difficulty,' and 
 eauri, smell.'' Diminution of smell. 
 
 DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dyso'sphre'sis, Dysos- 
 phra'sia, Dysphre'sis, frdm 5uc, and untpiiijaic, 
 ' the sense of smell.' A morbid state of the 
 sense of smell. 
 
 1)YS0ST0*SIS; -from Sue, and odTEor, 'a 
 bone.' A faulty conformation or morbid con- 
 dition of bone. 
 
 DYSPATHIA, see Serious. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, from Sue, 'with difficulty,' 
 and nenim, 'I concoct.' Limo'sis Dyspip'sia, 
 Anorea^ia, ' Ajtep'sia, Bradyppp'sia, Gastro- 
 mtax'ia, Diges'iio deprava'ta, D. Aiffi&'ilis, D. 
 laaa, Gastro-ato'nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stojn'a- 
 
 ehi resoln'tio, Cru'cUtas, Passio stomach'iea. 
 Indigestion, Difficulty of Digestion. A state" 
 of the stomach, in' which its functions are dis- 
 turbed, without the presencfe of other diseases, 
 or when,, if other diseases be present, they are 
 of but minor importance. The symptoms of 
 dyspepsia are very various. Those : ffecting the 
 stomach itself are : — loss of appetite ; nausea j 
 pain in the epigastrium or hypochondrium; 
 heart-burn ; sense of fulness, or weight in the 
 stomach; acrid or fetid eructations; pyrosis, 
 and sense of fluttering or sinking at the pit of 
 the stomach. . The sympathetic affections are 
 of the most diversified character. Dyspepsia, 
 beings generally o^ a functional nature, is devoid 
 of danger. When arising from disease of the 
 stomach itself, it is, of course more serious. 
 
 It is usually dependent on itregularity of 
 living ; either in the quantity or quality of the 
 food taken : and the most successful treatment 
 is,_to put the patient on a diet easy of diges- 
 tion ; to combat the caases, where such are ap- 
 •parent ; and, by proper remedies and regimen, 
 to strengthen the system in every practicable 
 manner. A great error exists in regarding it 
 as always a disease of debility. It is often 
 connected with an inflammatory or subinflam- 
 matory condition of the mucous lining of the 
 stomac|i, and of course a very different plan of 
 treatment Is required in the two cases. Dysi 
 pepsia is often attended with too great a se- 
 cretion of the gastric acids ; but, on otherioc- 
 casions, they would appear to be too smalf in 
 qiiantity, so as to constitute' alkaline indzges- 
 tion or neutral indigestion. ' ' 
 
 Dyspepsia Chlokosis, Chlorosis — d. Hypo- 
 chondriasis, Hypochondriasis.— d. Pyrosis, Py- 
 rosis. 
 
 DYSPEPSlQDYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEP'TIC, Dyspe.p'ticns, J>yspep'tHS, 
 Ape.p'tic, Apep'ticus; same etymon. Having 
 relation to dyspepsia, as '■''dyspeptic bread.' 
 One who suffers from dyspepsia. 
 
 DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic. 
 
 DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic. 
 
 DYSPERMA'SIA, Dyspermatis'mus, from 
 Sv(, 'with difficulty,' and o-TijAt",! 'sperm.' 
 Difficulty — sometimes incapacity — of voiding 
 the sperm. 
 
 DYSEERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
 
 DYSPHA'GIA, Dyscatahro'sis, Dyscatap'- 
 osis, DeghaWio diffic"ilis, D. la' so, D. impe- 
 di'ta, from Sue, 'with difficulty,' and (pxyct, 'I 
 eat.' Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is 
 almost always symptomatic ; either of inflam- 
 ms^tion or of other disease of the organs of de- 
 glutition, or of incomplete obstruction of the 
 oesophagus, by some obstacle within it, or by 
 a neighbouring tumour. At times, it is pro- 
 duced by .spasm or paralysis of the (Esophagus. 
 The prognosis and treatment vary according to 
 the cause. 
 
 Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegi'a. 
 
 Dtspha'gia Consteio'ta, t). Pha'-yiigea, D, 
 CEs'iphagea, D. Callo'sa, Stnctu'ra Pharyn'gia 
 seu (Esoph'agi vera, S. CE. Callo' sa, Ste?wch& - 
 ria CEs' ph'ogi, (Esophaginrc'tin . Stricture of 
 the pharynx and cesopheigus is an affection which 
 may be the result of pharyngitis or oesophagitis; 
 but more frequently of malignant disease in th« 
 
DYSPHONIA 
 
 393 
 
 EAR 
 
 parietes of the tube. The only remedy is. the 
 bougie. , 
 
 Dysfha'gia. Inflammatoeia, CSsophagitis — 
 d. Pharyngea, D. Constricta — d. CEsophagea,D. 
 Constricta — d. Spasmodica, (Esophagismus — d. 
 Callosa, D. Constricta — d. Paralytica, CEsopha- 
 goplegia, Pharyngoplegia^^d. .Nervosa, CEsor 
 phagismus — "d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia^^d. 
 Globbsa, Angone — d. Hysterica, . Angone^d. 
 Inflammatoria, Cjrnanche tonsillaris — d. Lin- 
 guosa, Paraglossa — 3. Ranula, Ranula — d. Uvu- 
 losa, Staphyliedema — d. Scirrhosa, Laemoscir- 
 rhus-r-d. Spastica^^CEsophagismus. ' . 
 
 DYSPHO'NIA, from Jut, and <),a.v», ' the 
 Toice.' Difficulty of producing and articulating 
 sounds: voice imperfect or depraved. Apho'- 
 nia (jf some.) » 
 
 -Dysphoria Immodulata Nasalis, Rhjnopho- 
 nia — d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. 
 
 DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sia. Dis- 
 satisfaction; restlessness; suffering; indisposi- 
 tion ; from iff, and <i>e§o, ' I bear.' 
 
 Dysphoria Anxi^tas, Anxiety — d. Nervosa^ 
 Fi<lgets — d. Simplex, Fidgets. 
 
 DYSPHOTIA, Myopia. 
 
 DYSPHRESIS, Uysosphresia. 
 
 DYSPIO'NIA, from a^f , and ■^mi, <■ fat.' A 
 morbid condition of the adipous substance. 
 
 DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic. 
 
 DYSPNCE'A, from Juf, and nna, '. I Breathe.' 
 Pseudo-nsthma, Ainphdpneu'maf Respira'tio 
 di;ffi,c''ilis seu hrevis et rara^ Bra^hypnt^'af Re- 
 tentio ae'rea, Ankeia'tion, Short bredth. Diffi- 
 culty of breathing, (F.) Courte IJaleine. Dys- 
 pncea maybe idiopathic or symptomatic. The 
 latter accompanies almost all thoracic diseases. 
 Urgent dyspnoea has been called amphipneu'ma, 
 af^'iivriviLtn.. — Hippocrates. 
 
 Dyspnoea Convulsiva, Asthma— d. Hydro- 
 thoracica, Hydrothorax — d. Physothoracica, 
 Pneumothorax — d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d. 
 Pneumatica, .Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica, 
 Empyema. 
 
 DYSSIA'LIA, from fvi, and iritlot, ' saliva.? 
 A morbid condition of the saliva. > 
 
 DYSSYN'OIJUS, Dyssynu'sia, from J'uc, and 
 o-uirtifor, ' coition.' Co'itus diffic"iHs. Diffi- 
 culty in coition. 
 
 DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus. 
 
 DYSTHAN'ATOS, from Juc, and S^varc;, 
 ' death.' That which causes a slow and painful 
 
 death. One who experiences this kind of death. 
 — Hippocrates. — Galen. 
 
 DYSTHELA'SIA, from Sue, and fl7j\«^„, ■! 
 give suck.' Inaptitude for suckling. 
 
 DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Dip.ilitir cura'K- 
 Us ; from <fu:, and S-fj^Ttsw, 'medical treatment.' 
 That which is difficult of.cure. 
 
 DV.STHE'SiA. Bad humo,ur. Impatience 
 indisease; from Juc,' badly,' and Ti5i;jii, 'J ai^ 
 situate.' — Erotian. ' 
 
 ' DYSTHET'IC-A, Cachex'iai, Cabhexies; same 
 etymon. A morbid condition of the blood or 
 blood-vesspls; alone or connected with a mor- 
 bid 'State of other fluids, producing a diseased 
 habit. The 4th order in the class Hsematica-ai 
 Good, including Plethora, Hee-morrhagia, &c. 
 
 DYSTHYM'IA, from <r«, and flui.st, 'mind.' 
 Pepressioh, Despondency, A bad sigh in acute 
 
 DYSTOC'IA, Mogosto'cia, Brndytoc'ia, Rt- 
 fera'«jo/ffit^«, from J'u;, and Toitot,'accouche,mpnt' 
 A, laborious accouchevnent, Liibp' riims labour, 
 ParodynHa, 'ffiorMd labour, difficult labour. 
 Partus diffic"ilif,- See Laborious. 
 
 Dystocia Aeortiva. Abortion— d. Dyscye- 
 sis, Pregnancy, morbid^d. Dyscyesis exto- 
 nterina, see Pregnancy, preternatural. 
 
 DYSTCECHI'ASIS, Hispid'itas, from 5i-{, 
 'bad,' and <rToix<'t, 'order.' Irregular positiftn 
 of the eye-lashes. — Forestus. 
 
 DY.STON'IA, frpm Sin:, and tovoc, 'tone.^ 
 Morbid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. 
 
 DYSTROPHIA, from Juc, ' with difficulty,' 
 and T^e^rji ' nourishment.' Imperfect or defec- 
 tive nutrition. 
 
 DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus. 
 
 T)YS\]'KE.'Slk,Dy.'mre'sis;fTomSMs,&nitvtif 
 ITU, 'passing the urine.' Defective secretion 
 and evacuation of the urine. 
 
 DYSU'RTA, TTri'TisB diffic"ilis etccre'tio, {xom 
 ivs, ' with difficulty,' and cugsv, ' urine. Stran'' 
 gury {of some.) Difficulty of passing the urine. 
 In this affection the urine is voided with pain, and' 
 a sensation of hefit in some part of the urethra. 
 Dysuria is the first degree of retention of urine. 
 It differs from strangury, in which the urine can 
 only be passed in drops and with great strain- 
 ing. 
 
 Dysueia CalcIjlosa, Calculi, vesical'— d. 
 Irritata, Calculi, vesical-rrd. Mucosa, Cystir- 
 rhoea. 
 
 E. 
 
 EAGLE-STONE, iEtites. , 
 
 EAR, Anris, Ous, ouc, Saxon,' eajie, (F.) 
 Oreille. The organ of audition, Aroe. It is 
 composed of a series of more or less irregular 
 cavities, in Which the §onoron3 rays are succes- 
 sively received' and reflected, until they agitate 
 the nerves which are destined to convey the im- 
 pression to the brain. The ear is contained 
 partly in the substance of the temporal bones ; 
 and a part projects externally, behind the joint 
 of the Jower jaw. It may be divided into three 
 portions ; — the outer or external ear, formed by 
 the Jiuricle and meatus auditorius; the middle 
 
 prehending the three semicircular canals,; the 
 cochlea and the vestibule j which, together, 
 constitute the osseous labyrinth. Within the 
 cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem- 
 branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule 
 and semicircular canals, but not extending into 
 the cochlea. These membranes form the imm- 
 branous labyrinth. Between the osseous and 
 the membranous labyrinth is situate the liquor 
 of ('otunnius, and within the nnembranous laby- 
 rinth is a fluid, termed by De Blainville vitrinr 
 a2tditive,fiom its supposed analogy to the vitre- 
 ous humour of the eye. The form of the mem- 
 
 ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum i branous vestibule is not an exact imitation of 
 and ita dependencies ; and the internal ear, coica- ' the osseous cavity, being composed of two dis- 
 
EAR-PICK 
 
 293 
 
 EBULLITION 
 
 tlnct sacs, which open into each other, — the 
 on? termed the Sac' cuius vestib'uK; the other 
 Sue'culus (q. v,) Each sac contains in its in- 
 terior a small mass of white calcareous matter 
 resembling powdered chalk, which seems to be 
 suspended in the fluid of the sac? by means of 
 a number of nervous filaments proceeding from 
 the auditory nerve. These "are the otoconies 
 and otolilhes of Breschet. 
 
 The auditory nerve is distributed to the ca- 
 vities of the internal ear. 
 
 Ear, Flap, Proptoma auricularum. 
 
 E AB.-PICK,0«o'g-/ypAti, Otog'lyphwm,, Coch'- 
 lear auricula'rC) Auriscal'p^umj (F.) Cure- 
 areille. A species of small scoop, used for 
 extracting hardened cerumen from the meatus 
 auditorius externus; or to remove foreign bodies 
 Irqrjn the ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to 
 excite inflammation of the tube. 
 
 EAR-TRUMPET, Tubus a,cus'ticus,Acus'ti- 
 etim Cornu, (F.) Cornst -acousticjue. An in- 
 strument for collecting sound and increasing its 
 intensity; used by those who are hard of hear- 
 ing, ^ It is, commonly, a kind of cone, formed 
 of silver, tin, or elastic gum, the base of which 
 is turned towards the person who is speaking, 
 and the apex placed in the entrance of the 
 meatus auditorius'externus. 
 . EARTH CLUB, Orobanche Americana — e. 
 Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens — e; Gall, Vera- 
 trum vitide — e. Heavy, Baryta — e. Japan, Ca- 
 techu — e. Lemnian, Terra Lerhnia — e. Nut, 
 Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum— e. Ponderous, 
 Baryta — e. Samian, Sami terra — e. Sealed, 
 Terra sigillata — e. Talc, Magnesia. 
 
 EAU, Water — «. d'Aix la-Chapelle, see Aix- 
 la-Chapelle. 
 
 EAU D'ALIBOXm. This compound is made 
 of sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper, each 
 !^jj (Soi»B.pAoi', ten grains; saffron, four grains; 
 water, four fluidounces. Employed in chronic 
 inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulne- 
 rary. ■ ^ ' . 
 
 EAU DE L' AMNIOS, Liquor amnii— «. 
 d' Ainandes ameres^ Aqua amygdalarum con- 
 centrata. 
 
 EAU ANTIPUTRIDE DE BEAUFORT. 
 Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric 
 acid. 
 
 EAU D'ARMAGNAC, Tinctura cinnamomi 
 composita — e.de Balaruc,Ba.\a.Tuc waters — e.de 
 Bareges, Bareges water — e. de Binelli, Aqua 
 Binellii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutus — e. de Bonferme, Tinctura cinnampmi 
 composita — e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral wa- 
 ters of — e. de Boule, see Ferrum tartarizatum 
 — e. de Bourbonne-l^-Bains, Bourbonne-les- 
 Eains, mineral waters of — e. de Brocchieri, Aqua 
 Brocchierii — e. dps Carmes, see Melissa — e. de 
 Chaux, Liquor calcis — ^e. de. Chaux composee. 
 Liquor calcis compositus. 
 
 EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A 
 celebrated perfume, so called from the place 
 where it is made. The follovnng is one formu- 
 la: Oil of bergamot, ^iij ; Oil of lemon, l^\y, 
 Oil of lavender, ^iiiss ; Oil of neroli, jjiiss ; Oil 
 of origamirit, ^ij ^ Oil of rosemary, "X^y, Essence 
 of vanilla, J^ij > Mtts^, ten grains ; Rectified 
 spirit, Oxiij ; Rose water, Oij ; Orange flower 
 water, Oj. Macerate for fourteen days, and 
 filter. 
 
 EAU DE CUTVRE AAIMONIACALE, 
 
 Liquor cnpri ammoniati — e. Distillee, Water, 
 distilled — e. de Fontaine, Water, spring — e. des 
 Fontaines de la Mareguerie, Rouen, mineral 
 waters of — e. coritre la, Gapgrine, Liquor hy- 
 drargyri nitrici — e. de Goudron, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — e. de Goulard, Liquor plumbi subace- 
 tatis dilutus. 
 
 EAU H^MASTATIQUE DE TISSE- 
 RAND. A hemastatic water reputed to possess 
 the same properties as the Aqua Brocchierii. 
 It may be prepared by digesting dragon's 
 blood, and turpentine of the Vosges in water. 
 
 EAU D'HUSSON, Wanfs Vinum colchici 
 — e. des Hydropiques, Serum of serous mem- 
 branes — e. Hydrosulfuree simple, HydrosulphCi- 
 retted water. 
 
 EAU 6e JAVELLE, Bleaching t^guid. 
 Aqua alkali'na oxymuriat'ica, hdbarra^ue^s 
 Solution, (^Common salt D5ij, bluc^ oxide of 
 manganese Ibj,- water Ifeij, Put into a. retort, 
 and add, gradually, oil of vitriol Diij. Pass the 
 vapour through a solution of subcarbonate of 
 potass giij; in water ^xxix, applying heat 
 towards the last. S. G. 1.087.) It. is stimu- 
 lant, detergent, and antiseptic,^applied exter- 
 nally. 
 
 EAU DE LAC, Water, lake— «. de Uiee, 
 Spiritus ammoniEB succinatus-^e. Magnesienne, 
 Magnesia, fluid; — e. de Mafais, Water, marsh 
 — e. Medicinale d'Uusson, see Colchicum au- 
 tumnale— «. de ikfer. Water, sea":^*. Mercurielle, 
 Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — e. Minej-ale, Water, 
 mineral^-e. de Monterossif Aqua Binellii — e. de 
 Naples, Naples water, factitious — e. de Neige, 
 Water, snbw— «. d6 Pluie, Water, rain — e. de 
 Potasse, Liquor potassae^^e. de Pm«'«, Water, 
 well — e. de Rab'el, Elixir acidum Halleri — e. 
 Regale, Nitro-muriatic acid — e. de Source, 
 Water, well — e. Styptiqne de Brocchieri, Aqua 
 Brocchierii-^e. Siicree, Hydrosaccharum — e. 
 Vegeto-minerqle, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis di- 
 lutus — e. de Vichy, Vichy water — «. de Vie, 
 Brandy-^«. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura jalapii 
 coiiiposita — e. de Vie camph're, SpiritvK cam- 
 phorae. 
 
 EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii — e. Repatigues, 
 Waters, mineral, sulfureous-^«. Minerales wr- 
 tificielles'. Waters, mineral, artificial — «. Mine- 
 rales factices. Waters, mineral, artificial — e. 
 Minerales femlgineuses. Waters, mineral, gas- 
 eous, &c. — e. .Minerales gaseuses ou addiiles. 
 Waters, mineral, gaseous, &c. — e. Minerales 
 salines.. Waters, mineral, saline — e: Minerales 
 'sulftireuses , Waters, mineral, sulfureous — e. 
 Sulfurics, Water?, mineral, sulfureous. 
 
 EBEAUPIN, mineral WATERS OF. 
 An acidulous chalybeate, in the department of 
 Loire Infetieure, near Nantes. 
 
 &BLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling. 
 
 EBRIECA'SUM. a term employed by Pa- 
 racelsus to denote a disturbance of- the reason, 
 similar to what occurs in drunkenness. - 
 
 EBRIETAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia. 
 
 EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus— e. Sto- 
 machi, Ardor ventriouli. Pyrosis. 
 
 E^ULUT"lOTS!,Ebullit"io.^sf!ia"tio.Anaz'- 
 esis, Causis, from ebullire,''to bubble up.' Boil- 
 ing; (F.) Bo7iillonnementi . The motion of a 
 liquid, by which it gives ofT bubbles of vapour, 
 by heat or ferrnentation. The boiling point of 
 liquids varies according to the pressure to which 
 
EBTJLUS 
 
 294 
 
 &CHAVFFEMENT 
 
 they are subjected. For the point of ebulUtion 
 of different substances, see Heat. ' 
 
 Ebullition is used in France, in a vague 
 manner, for e*ery kind of transient eruption of 
 the skin, occurring without fever or vyith a 
 slight febrile attaick. 
 
 EBUIAJS, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 EBUR, Ivory. 
 
 EBURNIFICA'TION, Ehurnifioa'tio ; from 
 tbur, 'ivory,' and jSo, 'to be made.' An in- 
 crustation of the articular surfaces of bones 
 -with phosphate of lime, which gives them the 
 whiteness and hardness of ivory. 
 
 EC, (before a vowel. Ex,) sx, tE, ' out of, from, 
 of.' Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, &c. 
 
 MCAILLE, Scale. 
 
 MGAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostreae testes. 
 
 iCAILLEtrX, Squamous, 
 
 ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica ela- 
 terium. 
 
 ECBESOMENON, Eventus. 
 
 ECBLOMA, see Abortion. 
 
 ECBOLE, Abortion. .„ 
 
 ECBOLIC, Abortive. 
 
 ECBOLICUS, Abortivp. 
 
 ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica 
 elaterium. 
 
 ECBOLIUS, Abortive. 
 
 ECBRAS'MATA, froih »x|*jcilo>, 'I boil up.' 
 Ecchym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for 
 certain burning eruptigns! 
 
 ECCATHARTICltS, Cathartic. 
 
 ECCEPHAfiO'SIS, Excerebra'do, Cephnlo- 
 tom'ia; from n, 'out,' and t.tmxi.n, 'head.' The 
 removal of the brain of the child to facilitate 
 delivery. 
 
 ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 ECCHORESIS, Defecation. 
 
 ECCHYLOMA, Sucous expressus. 
 
 ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata. 
 
 ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchyrno'sis, Pelidno'ma, 
 Pelio'md', Myp'keB'ma, ■Hypojce'm.a, Hypoa'Tnia, 
 from IX, 'out of,' and x''t"'f' 'juice,' 'humour.' 
 Effu'sio, Exszicca'tio,' Suffu'sio san'guiiiis, 
 A livid, black, or yellow spot, Livor smig^uin'- 
 eus, produced by. blood' effu^^d into the cellu- 
 lar tissue from a contusion. Spjantaneous ef- 
 fusions, occurring as the result of disease or 
 after death, are called suggillations. 
 
 Ecchymoma AeTekiosuji, see Aneurism — e. 
 Hyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lymphaticum, 
 Phlegmatia dolens- — e. Melasma, Melasma. 
 
 ECCHYMOSIS, Ecchymoma. 
 
 ECCHYSIS, Effusion. " 
 
 ECCLISIS, Luxation. 
 
 EC'COPK, Ec'tomi, Ectom'ia, from tx, and 
 xOTiTEir, 'tocut.' The act of cutting out: also, 
 a perpendicular division of the cranium, by a 
 cutting instrument. Spe Entaille. 
 
 ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or 
 instrument for cutting. An ancient instrument 
 — the raspatory — used in trepaning. 
 
 ECCOPROSIjESTHE'SIS, from «, xowooc, 
 ' excrement,' and ^iirflijirrc,' ' sensation.' The 
 sensation or desire to evacuate the bowels. 
 
 ECCOPROSIS, Defecation. 
 
 ECCOPROT'IC, Eccoprot'ims, Ectoprot'ic, 
 from eS, 'out of,' and x-^nQoc, 'excrement.' 
 Mild purgatives or laxatives, whose operation 
 is confined to simply clearing out the intestinal 
 canal. 
 
 ECCORTHAT ICUS, from tx, ' out of,' and 
 »ogfloai, 'I collect.' An ancient epithet for 
 
 remedies to which was attributed the property 
 of evacuating collections of humours. 
 
 ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinolog"iif, Eccriaiv- 
 log"ia, from citxyfuji, (ea and xoii'ii;,) 'I separate' 
 and xoyoc, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the se- 
 cretions. 
 
 Et.CRISIOtOGIA, Eccrinology. ^ 
 
 ECCRISIONOSI, Eccresionu'si, .from t^. 
 KgiD-if , ' excretion,' and ►ooos, ' disease.' Diseases 
 of excretion. 
 
 ECCRISIOS'CHESIS, from ix„^m,f, 'excre- 
 tion,' and (T;ftni;,^' retention.' Arrest or re- 
 tention of excretions ; or of a critical evacua- 
 tion, i 
 
 EC'CRISIS. Same etymon. Exere'tio. The 
 excretion or egestipn, either of an excremeoti- 
 tious, or morbific matter, by any of the out- 
 lets. . , ' 
 
 ECCRIT'ICA. Diseases of the excernent 
 function. The 6th class in Good's Nosology, 
 
 ECCYESIS,' Pregnancy, extra-uterine— e. 
 Abdpminalis, Bregnahcy, abdominaWe. Ova- 
 ria, Pregnancy, ovarial — e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, 
 tubal. ' , ;, 
 
 ECCYLIO'SIS, from EX, ' out of,' and xuxitir, 
 ' to turn round.' -Morbus evolutio'uis. A disease 
 of evolution or development. , r, . ' 
 
 ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'oeui, from 
 txfitifjiew, ' I travel about,' and fna^iu,' ' mania.' 
 A morbid desire, to be travelling about. 
 
 ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania. 
 
 EC'DORA, from tx and I'tyio, ' I flay.' Anai'- 
 o> a, Excoria'tio . 'Excoriation in genferal, but 
 more especially of the uretlu'a. 
 
 ECHALOTTE, EsqheUotte, AVlium Ama- 
 lon'icum, Cept^ Asbalon'ica. Tke shallot', A 
 species of allium, employed in culinary prepara- 
 tions. . ' 
 
 £CHANCRURE(F.),^margina'tio,Emm- 
 ginatu'ra,In.eisu'ra. A FrenchVord, employed 
 by anatomists to designate depressions and 
 notches of various shapes, observed on the sur- 
 face or edges of bones. 
 
 MCHANCRURE ETHMOISALBh on the 
 nasal bone, which unites with the ethnioid. 
 See Ethmoid. 
 
 , ACSANCRURE NASALE, Nasal Notch, 
 belongs to the os frontis, and is articulated With 
 the bones of the nose. 
 
 ACHANCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is a 
 triangular space, compiised between the paro- 
 tidean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and 
 the mastoid process, so called because it lodges 
 the parotid gland. 
 
 jtCHANCRURE SCAPULAIRE, Notch, 
 scapular — e. Sciatique grande, see Sriatic 
 Notch — «'. Sciatique petite, see Sciatic Notch. 
 
 ACHARDE, Splinter. 
 
 ACHARPE GRANDE, et A. MOYEN, see 
 Sling — e. de J. L. Petit, see Sling — e. Petite, see 
 Sling. 
 
 &CHAUBOTJLURES (F.), Sudam'ina, Hi- 
 dro'a. A wofd whose meaning is not fixed. 
 It is applied to any eruption ' on the surface of 
 the body, accompanied with pricking and other 
 uneasy sensations. 
 
 ICHATIFFANTS, Calefacients. 
 
 &CHAUFFEMENS, » 'hafing. 
 
 iCHAUFFEMENT(F.), Calefac'tio,Efr.ia- 
 lefac'tio, from (F.) echaiiffet, {calefac^m,) 'to 
 make warm.' Augmentation of heat in the ani- 
 mal ecoDomy ; the symptoms of which are amors 
 
ECHECOLLON 
 
 295 
 
 ECPHYMA 
 
 than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to 
 perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, 
 flushed countenance, &c. It goes off by theuse 
 of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar 
 language it is often used synonymously with 
 tonstipation, and sometimes for simple gonor- 
 ihcea, and for chafing. 
 
 ECHECOL'LON, from ix<"> 'I have,' and 
 %o>t?^ix, ' glue.' Echecol'l-um. Any topical, glu- 
 tinous remedy. — Gorraeus, Galen. 
 
 ECAELLES LU LIMAf^ON, Scalae of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 ECHENEIS, Remora Hildani. 
 
 ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba. 
 
 ECHIDNA OGELLA'TA, Brown ten-inch- 
 long viper. A most formidable viper in the 
 forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly 
 fetal, that it kills a strong man in two or three 
 minutes. Tschudi.' 
 
 ELHINE, Vertebral column. 
 
 ECHlNOCOCCUS, HOMINIS, see Worms 
 -e. Hiimanus, Hydatid- 
 
 ECHINOUERMI, Porcupine men. 
 
 ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulga- 
 tnm. ' 
 
 ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA, from ejtooc, 'a 
 hedgehog,' a.^Au'si) uH/Att, 'inflammation of the 
 eye.' Ophthalmia of the eyelids in which the 
 eilia project like the quills of the hedgehog. 
 
 ECHl'NOPS, from t^/i-sc, ' hedgehog,' and 
 •1^, ' the appearance.' Crocodil'ion, Acanthal'- 
 xueay Scabio'sa carduifo'lia, Spharoceph' ala 
 ela'tiqTjEckinopus, Echinops Sphar'oce.ph'alus. 
 The globe thistle. The root and seeds are re- 
 puted tq be mOjderately diuretic. 
 
 ECHINOPUS, Echinops. 
 
 ECHINUS SCANDENS, AUamanda. 
 
 ECHOS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 ECHOSCOPE, Auscultation. 
 
 ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. 
 
 ECHTHTSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, ex- 
 tra-uterine. 
 
 ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclamp'sia, 
 EpilaTJip'siS) Effiilgescen' tia, from fiiK'iv.Tilia, ' I 
 kick.' Epilepsy is often accompanied with 
 flashings of light; and hence Hippocrates has 
 used the last two words for epilepsy. They 
 have all been applied to the convulsions of 
 children. 
 
 ECLAIRE, Chelidonium majus — i. Petite, 
 Ranunculus ficaria. c 
 
 ECLAMP'SIA, Convulsion : also, the convul- 
 sions of children. Eclampsia infaidtitm,, Epi- 
 K^p'sia acii! ta infan'tUTfiy ^.fehri'lis. infau'twm, 
 E, pueii'tia, (F.) Convulsions des Enfans, 
 Eclwmpsie. 
 
 Eclamp'sia Gravida 'rum et Parturien'- 
 tium; ConvulSho?is des femmes enceintes et en 
 eouche. Puerperal- Convitlsions. Convulsions, 
 of pregnant and parturient women. 
 
 Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia — e. Ty- 
 phodes, Raphania. 
 
 ECLAMPSIE DES ENFANS, Eclampsia 
 infantum. 
 
 ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) Eclec'tici 
 t Med'ici, from txiiya, 'I choose.' A sect of 
 '> physicians, who professed to choose, from other 
 sects, all the opinions which appeared to them 
 best founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master of 
 Archigenes of Apamaea, in Syria, was its re- 
 puted founder; and Archigenes and Aretaens 
 were its greatest ornaments. The doctrioe was 
 
 called Eclee'tism, Eclectis'mus, Medici'na eclec'- 
 tica, Eclectic medicine. Every judicious phy- 
 sician must be an eclectic. 
 
 ECLECTISM, see Eclectic. 
 
 ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'tna, Elir'i's, 
 Lambiti'vnnii IdnctuS) Linctica' riiipi, frcJm s xkt- 
 vu, 'I lick.' (F.) Looc/i. A medicine, of a 
 thick, syrupy consistenpe, chiefly used to 
 allay cough; and consisting of pectoral reme- 
 dies. It was formerly sucked from the end of 
 a liquorice stick, made into a kind of pencil; 
 hence its name Linct2is, from lingers, ' to lick.' 
 Although the linctus is usually exhibited in tho- 
 racic affections, it may have tonic virtues com- 
 bined with it. 
 
 ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album-ne. 
 Gummoso-oleojum, Looch album. 
 
 ECLEIPISIS, Exfoliation. 
 
 ECLEPISiS, Uesquamation. 
 
 ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan. 
 
 ECLIGMA, Eclectos. 
 
 ECLIMlA, Boulimia. ' i 
 
 ECLIPSIS, Syncope. 
 
 iCLISSE, Splint. , 
 
 ECLYSES,,Adynamise. - 
 
 EC 'LYSIS, Exsolu'tio; from ekxu*, 'I 
 loosen.' Resolution, prostration of strength; 
 faintness. 
 
 EoLYsis Pneumo-cardiaoa, Asphyxia. 
 
 ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. 
 
 ECNCEA, Dementia. 
 , JtCOLE, School. 
 
 ECONOMY, CEconom'ia, from mxii, • a 
 house,' ' a family,' and vifm,'! rule.' By the 
 term animal economy is understood,^the aggre- 
 gate of the laws which govern the organism. 
 The word econ^>my is, also, used for the aggre- 
 gate of parts which constitute man or animals. 
 
 ACORCE, Cortex — e. Car*ocoste«e, Canella 
 alba — e. de Saint Lade, Cinchonse Caribaete 
 cortex — B. de Winter, see Wintera aromatica — 
 e. Fattsse de Winter, Canella alba. 
 
 ECORCHUUES, Chafing, Excoriation. 
 
 ECOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhcea— 
 e. Blanc, Leucorrhcea — e. de Sang par I'lnten- 
 tin, Hsematochezia. 
 
 /tCOUVILLON, see Rcouvillonnement. 
 
 ECOUVlLLONNEMpNT{Y.). from Ecou- 
 villon, ' a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' 
 A ternri used by the French therapeutists for 
 the act of cleansing or applying remedies to a 
 part by means of a mop or brush fixed to the 
 end' of a piece of whalebone. Such mop or 
 brush is termed Econvillon. 
 
 ECPHLOGQSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula— e. Herpes, Herpes 
 — e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus — e. 
 Herpes exedens, Herpes exedens — -.e. Herpes 
 miliaris. Herpes J)hlycta^nodes — e. Herpes zos- 
 ter. Herpes zoster — e.JPompholyx, Pompho- 
 lyx — e. Rhypia, Rupia. 
 
 ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent. 
 
 ECPHRAX'IS, from 6«i((ia3- oi, 'I remove 
 obstruction.' The action of ecphractic or de- 
 obstruent remedies. 
 
 ECPHRONIA, Insanity— e. Melancholia, 
 Melancholy. 
 
 ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci. , 
 
 ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour— e. Cal- 
 lus, Callosity — e. Caruncula Caruncle — e. (^la- 
 vus, <"orn — e. ffiderfiaticum, Oildema, Pblegma- 
 tia dolens — ;e. Physconia, Phyf conia — e. Tricho- 
 ma, Plica — e. Verruca, Verruca. 
 
ECPHYMATA 
 
 296 
 
 ECTROPION 
 
 ECPHYMATA, Rubeola. 
 
 ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'Ho, Effla'tus, from 
 iztpuiratw, ' I breathe through,' Exsuffia'tio. A 
 quick and forced expulsion of air from the 
 lungs. f > 
 
 ECPHYSIS, Apophysis— e. VentriCuli, Duo- 
 denum. 
 
 ECPIES'MA, from ticTiE?ni, 'I compress.' 
 EffraotvJra, Impae'tion, Deefis'sio. A fracture 
 of the cranium,^ with depression of the frag- 
 ments, and compression of the brain. 
 
 ECPIES'MOS, Expres'sio, Bx'itus, Ec- 
 pies'mon, same jetyraon. Cels'us uses these 
 words to signify the forcing of the eye from 
 the orbitar cavity, with apparent but not real 
 augmentation of the organ. See Exophthalmia. 
 
 ECPLERO'MA,from «,and nhi^iu,'! fill.', 
 A cushion, a pad.- Hippocrates means, by^this 
 term, a small pad or ball of. leather or other 
 substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm- 
 pit; used probably in reducing luxations of the 
 shoulder. ^ ■' 
 
 ECPLEXIA, Stupor. 
 
 ECPLEXIS, Stupor. 
 
 ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNEUSIS, Expiration. 
 
 ECPNOE, Expiration. 
 
 ECPTO'MA, Ecpto'sis, Exciden'tia ; from 
 f ktjtito, ' I fall out.' This word has been Used 
 in various senses. , 1. Synonymously with lux- 
 ation. 2. For the separation of gangrenous 
 parts. 3. For the expulsion of the secundines. 
 4. For the prolapsus of the womb : and 5. For 
 intestinal' or omental hernia, &c. 
 
 ECPTOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 ECPYCTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 ECPYEMA,Abscess,Suppuration,Empyema. 
 
 EL'PYESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule — e. 
 Impetigo, Impetigo — e. Porrigo, Porrigo — e. 
 Porrigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis — e. 'Porrigo 
 favosa, Porri|go favosa — e. Porrigo furfuracea, 
 Porrigo fiirfurans — e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo 
 scutulata— e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa 
 — e. Scabies, Psora. 
 
 ECPYETICUS, Suppurative, 
 
 ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative. 
 
 MCREVISSE, Crab. 
 
 ECREX'IS, Ruptu'm, from ixgi/yiu^i, 'to 
 break.' Rupture, laceration. 
 
 ECRHYTH'MUS, ,%, and evfttw, 'rhythm.' 
 A term applied to -the pulse, particularly when 
 irregular. — Galen. 
 
 ECROE, Discharge. 
 
 £CROUELLES, Scrofula— e. Mesenteri- 
 ques. Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 EC'RYSIS, from txeiai, ' I run from.' A dis- 
 charge. 
 
 ECSARCO'MA, from k, and ^ao%, 'flesh.' 
 A fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See 
 Fungosity and Sarcoma. 
 
 ECSESMA, Eczema. 
 
 EC'STASIS, from siirrafua, 'I am beside 
 myself.' An eo'stasy or tranoe. Cams eo'stasis, 
 Cat'ochus, Ex' stasis, Catalep'sia spu'ria, Hy- 
 perphxie, (F.) Extase. A state in which- cer- 
 tain ideas so completely absorb the mindj that 
 the external sense^tions are suspended, the vo- 
 luntary movements arrestjed, and even the vital 
 action retarded. In catalepsy,' there is, in ad- 
 dition, complete suspension of the intellectual 
 faculties. This last condition is in general de- 
 scribed as trancn. See, also. Luxation. 
 
 ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia. 
 
 ECTASIA, Aneurism — e. Venarum, Varix. 
 
 EC'TASIS, 'Extension,' 'Expansion.' 
 
 Ec'tasis I'kidis, is the extension or expan- 
 sion of the iris, which occasipns dimination of 
 the pupil. ; 
 
 ECTEXIS, Golliquation. 
 
 ECTHETOBREPHQTROPHEUM.Brepho- 
 tropheum. 
 
 ECTHLIM'MA, Exvlcera'tio, from ix«;ii,j„,, 
 'I express,' 'I bruise;' Attrition. Chafingsor 
 
 excoriations, produced by external violence. 
 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTHLIPSIS, Expression. 
 
 ECTHYMA or ECTHY'MA from n9vm, 'I 
 break out.' I&cpye'sis, Phlysis ecthyma,. Pkly- 
 za'cia a'grig., Sca'bies Vera, Purim'culi ato- 
 nici,{'F.) Bartre crustdcee, D. fongueuse. A 
 cutanous eruption, characterized by large round 
 pustules always distinct and seated' upon an in- 
 durated and highly inflamed'base. In the course 
 of a day or two the' pustules generally break, 
 and olive-brown incrustations are fqimed .which 
 adhere ^Tmlyto'the skin. These separate in 
 about a fortnight. The disease requires the 
 antiphlogistic treatment. Under XYieBcthytHata, 
 Vogel has designated certain hard, unequal tu- 
 mours, which appear traijsitorily on the skin. 
 See Efflorescence, Exanlhem and Pustule. 
 
 ECTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
 uterine. ' ' 
 
 ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory. . ' - 
 ' ECTILMOS, Evulsidn. 
 
 ECTOME, Castration, Eccope, EfitailU, 
 Excision. 
 
 ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope. 
 
 ECTOMIUS, Castratus. 
 
 ECTONION, Helleborus niger. 
 
 ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa. 
 
 ECTOP'IA, Ectop'isis, Ectopistrms, Ento- 
 ■ce'le, frorii fuTamc, ' out of place.' Morbid dis- 
 placement of parts. See Luxation. 
 
 Ectopia Ani, Proctocele.. 
 
 Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'trophi, Dis- 
 placement, dislocation, or unnatural position of 
 the heart. 
 
 Ectopia Herniosa, Hernia. 
 
 ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from tKTOTwc, ' out of 
 place,' and y.i o-nt, ' bladder.' A diseasedepend- 
 ent upon displacement of the bladder. 
 
 ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic. 
 
 ECTOZO'A, Extozo'a, Extozoa'ria,(T.) Ex- 
 tozaires. Parasitic animals that infest the ex- 
 terior of the body, — as lice. . 
 
 ECTRIM'MA, from txTji/Sa, ' I rub off.' 
 Ulceration of the skinj and particularly that 
 which arises from the pressure of the bed on 
 diflerent parts of the body, after a protracted 
 confinement. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTRODACTYL'IA; from ^Tjotw, 'abor- 
 tion,' and JimuJoc, ' a finger.' A malfoimation, 
 in which one or more fingers or toes are want- 
 ing. 
 
 ECTROMA, Aliortion. 
 
 ECTRO'MELES; from txTpoio-.c, ' abortioni' 
 and vihic, ' a lim.b.' A genus of monsters, in 
 which the limbs are nearly or altogether defi- 
 cient, as in the ordinary cetacea. — J. G. St. Hi- 
 laire. 
 
 ECTRO'PE, Divertic'uhim, from FxTgsiroi, ' I 
 turn off,' ' divert.' Any duet by which peccant 
 or morbific matter was supposed to be drawn 
 off'.: — Hippocrates. 
 
 ECTROPION, same etymon. Ectrop'ium, 
 
ECTROSIS 
 
 297 
 
 EFFLORESCENCE 
 
 Evir'sio pa!^pebrtB, Blepharopto'sis Eetro'piitm, 
 ;Blepkaroto^sis') Pal'pebra iufe'rior extror'stim- 
 fie-xa, Divarica'tuj sell Rejlex'lb seu RecUna'tio 
 palpehra'rwni) (F.) Eraillement des Paupi^res^ 
 Renversemeru des Paupiirei. Eversion of the 
 eyelids, so that they do not completely cover 
 the globe of the eye. It happens more com- 
 monly to the lower than to the upper eyelid. 
 It may be owing to the retraction of the skin, 
 after the cure of an ulcer, wound, or burn, 6f 
 the eyelid; or it may depend on tumefaction or 
 relaxation of the conjunctiva. In tlie majority 
 of cases, removal of a portion of the conjunctiva 
 will operate a cure ; but there are many which 
 defy the eflforts of art. The ancients called 
 Ectropion of the upper eyelid lagophfhatmia.. 
 
 . E(JTROSIS, Abortion. 
 
 ECTROSMOS, Abortion. 
 
 ECTR0T'IC,fromExr8in|Ka,(jit,andT/TgiHr«aj 
 < I wound,') ' abortion.* Eetrofivus, Abgrtive. 
 An epiAet applied to Hiejthods for preventing 
 the development or causing the abortion of any 
 disease — as of chancres byf the iise of caustic j 
 small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint- 
 ment, &c. - 
 
 ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretic. f 
 
 ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympatiites. N 
 
 -£CUMEUX, Frothy. 
 
 ECZEMA, from exC™, ' I^oil out,' < I effer- 
 vesce.' Eczes'ma, Exsesma, Pus'tvia ardens, 
 Cytis'ma^ Eczema, Humid Tetter, Rutpnivg 
 Scall, (F.) Dartre s^uammeuse, hitm/ide, D.- 
 vive, Gale epidemique. Heat eruption. An 
 eruption of, small vesicles on various parts of 
 the skin, usually set close or crowded together; 
 with little or no' inflammation around their 
 liases, and unattended by fever. 
 
 Ec'ZEMA Mehcuria^le, Ec'zema' richrum', 
 Erytke'tfia mercuria'H, E.'irhoro'svm, Sydrar- 
 gyr'ia, JKydr ar^yr^ si&, Hydrargyri' asis, Mor- 
 bus mercuria'lis^ H^ercn'rial lepra. A variety 
 ■of eczema, arising from the irritation of mer- 
 cury. The treatment is chiefly palliative, con- 
 sisting in ablution with mucilaginous infusions 
 or decoctions ; mild dressings^ where the cuticle 
 has exfoliated ; avoiding all irritation ; kiseping 
 the bowels open,; with the use of the sulphuric 
 acid and cinchona. The Ec'zema Impetigiuo'- 
 des, Gall, or Gjacer's Itch, is produced by the 
 irritation of sugar. , 
 
 Eczema of the Face, at; an advanced stage, 
 and occurring in young children, has been de-' 
 scribefi under the names Crust a lactea and Por- 
 rigo larvatis. ^ _ 
 
 Eczema or the Haiet Scalp is often con- 
 founded with other ^affections under tie names 
 Porrigo and' Tinea, which are pustular, not 
 vesicular in their form. It occurs during den- 
 tition, and even aftervvards, and the discharge 
 is so profuse, that the head appears as if dipped 
 in some glutinous liquid. By and by, the secre- 
 tion dries intp crusts and mats the hair into 
 little separate tufts. The scalp gives evidence 
 of inflammatory excitement, and the lymphatic 
 ganglions of the neck are apt to become in- 
 named and suppurate. 
 
 A variety of hurhid scalled head, in which the 
 humour from the excoriated surface .runs, down 
 upon the hairs, and encloses them in little, sil- 
 very pellicles or sheaths, has received the name 
 Asbestos Scall. 
 
 Eczema Rubeum, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same 
 20 
 
 etymon. A family of diseases; in the classifi- 
 cation of Fuchs, including inorbid conditions of 
 the cutaneous secretions — as^of the perspira- 
 tion, sebaceous and -colouring matters, &c.,and 
 hence many chronic cutaneous affections. His 
 subdivisions are; epkidroses,' smegmorrhaay 
 acarpce, poly'car-peB and iHonocOi'tpa. 
 
 ECZESIS, Effervesceris. ' 
 
 ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus. 
 
 EDEMATOUS, (Edematous. 
 
 EDENTATUS, Edentulus. 
 
 .^iJffiVT^, Ederitulus. 
 
 EIJENTULI, Nefrendes. 
 
 EDEN'TULUSjEi^entete*, from e, and demj, 
 dentis, 'a tooth.' Ano'dus, Careiis de7i'tibus. 
 Nodes, Nodus, (F.) Edemti. One without teeth. 
 This defect can only be remedied by artificial 
 means. ' ■ 
 
 EDERA, Hedera helix. 
 
 EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Psedia. 
 
 EDULCORA'TION, &lycan'sis,-Edulcora''- 
 tio, from edulcorare, {dulcis, 'sweet,') 'to 
 sweeten,' ' to render, mild.' Ari operation, the 
 object of which is to deprive a substance of its 
 acrid .and disagreeable taste, or at least to dis- 
 guise it. A\4o, the addition of a saccharine 
 substance , to a medicine, whose tas^e it is de- 
 sirable to modify agreeably. -" 
 ■ iDULE, Comestible. 
 
 EDULIS, Comestible. 
 
 EF'FERENT, Efferens, Centrifugal, from 
 effero, (e, and /e^-ro,). ,' I carry,' 'transport.' 
 Vasa efferen'tia are tho,se lymphatics, which 
 issue from the lymphatic glands to convey their 
 lymph to the thoracic duct; so called to dis- 
 tinguish them- from those which pass to those 
 glands, and whieh'have been termed vasa affe- 
 rmi'tia; Also, nerves that convey the nervous 
 influence from the nervous centres to the cir- 
 cumference. " See Afferent. /. 
 ^ EFFERVES'CENCE, Effervescen'tia, Zesis, 
 Ec'zesis, from -effervescere, (e, anifervescere,) 
 ' to grow hot.' That agitation, -yvhich is pro- 
 duced by the escape of gas through a liquid, 
 independently of the-ieat bf the mixture; suchj 
 for instance, as results Ijom the mixture of 
 acetic acid and carbonate of potassa. 
 
 In PathologtJ it has a similar signification. It 
 expresses, in the language of the h\imourists, a. 
 sort of ebullition, in the fluids of the living body, 
 produced either by elevation of temperature or 
 by the reaction on each other of the principles 
 contained in the fluids in circulation. 
 
 EFFETUS, Impoverished. 
 
 EFFICA'CIOUS, Efficax, from efficere, (e, 
 axA-facere,) ' to accomplish.' That which pro- 
 duces a great effect, as an eJ[flcaci^ous' remedy . 
 
 Medici' T^a effi-cax. La medecine efficace, is a 
 term* sometimes applied to surgery. 
 
 EFFILA, Ephelides. 
 
 EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis. - 
 
 EFFLATUS, Ecphysesis. 
 
 EFFLORATIO, Exanthem. , 
 
 EFFLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Efflpres^ 
 cea'tia, from ejloreseere, (e, a.nd florescere,) 'to 
 blow as a flower.' ' StritiH'go,Ecehy'ma. The 
 conversion of a sojid substance into 'a pulveru- 
 lent state by exposure to the air. In salts this 
 is generally owing to the loss of a part of their 
 water of crystallization. 
 
 In ,P,at^alogy, efflorescence has the same 
 meaning as exanthema; and, in the. nosology 
 of Sauvages, the name is given to that order of 
 
EFFLORESCENCE 
 
 298 
 
 ELABORATION 
 
 Sometimes, it is confined to the Cu- 
 taneous hliishy the exanthe'sis of Good. 
 
 EFFLORESCENCE iRYSIPlLA- 
 TEUSE, Roseols. 
 
 EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem. , , ' 
 
 EFFLORESCENTIj^, iUvures. 
 ■ EFFLUVIUM, Emanation— e.Latrjnarium, 
 Mitte — e. Palustre, Miasm,' Marsh. - 
 
 EFFLUXION, Abortion. 
 
 EFFORT, (e, and/orM>, 'strong.') Nisus, 
 Cona'tug^, Peira. A musgular contraction of- 
 greater or less strength, the object of lyhich is, 
 either to resist an external force, or to accom- 
 plish' a function, which has become nattirally 
 laborious :—rSuch are, the act of pushing away, 
 or of drawing a body toward us, and thg more 
 or less painful eflForfs used by^he mothet to 
 cause the expulsion of the fcetus. In Fjance,- 
 the word effort is often(used,syilonymously with 
 hernia; and signifies, likewise, the' painful 
 twitches of muscles, occasioned by^over-exer- 
 tion, or by the rupture of some of their- fleshy 
 fibres. Sauvages calls -B^ortsye* reins, Lum- 
 ba'go a nisu,'&e pain in the loins occasioned 
 by bearing too heavy a burden. 
 
 EFFORT, Hernia— 6. dea Reins, see Effort. 
 
 EFFOSSlO, Exhumation. 
 
 EFFRAQTURA, Ecpiesma-. - ^ 
 
 Effractu'ra Ckanii, -Enthla-'sis Cra'nii. 
 Fracture of the Cranium, with depression. — 
 Parfe. ■ 
 
 EFFRENITATIO, Hyperqatharsis. 
 
 EFFUSION, Effu'sio,Ee\chpsis, from, effun- 
 dere, («, ajiAfundere,) Uo pour out.' (F.j/i^OTt- 
 chem^ntj ^Infiltration is the, term generally em- 
 ployed for.effusion into the cellular membrane.)- 
 The pouring out of blood or of any other^flaid 
 into the cellular membrane, or into the cavities 
 of the body. The effusion of serum or' of 
 codgulable lymph, for instance, ' is a common 
 result of inflammation of serous membranes. 
 
 lLGARlt,WM. : 
 
 iGAREMENT D'ESPRIT, Delirium,In- 
 sanity. 
 
 EGER, MINERAL WATERS OF ,,THE. 
 In the valley of the Eger, at the western ex- 
 tremity of Bghemia^ there are several acidulous 
 springs. One of the most, frequented of these 
 is Franzensbad. 
 
 EGESTA, see Excretion. 
 
 EGESTAS, Want. , ' ■ ' i 
 
 EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion. 
 
 EGG-PLANT, Solanum melongena — e. 
 White of. Albumen ovi. 
 
 EGLANTIER VE CHIEN, Rosa canina— 
 e, Sauvage, Rosa canina, ^ 
 
 EGOBRONCHOPHONY, see Egophony. 
 
 AGOPHONB, Egoi>hony. 
 
 EGOPH'ONIC, Mgopho'nicus, (F.) igopho- 
 nique. Same etyrhbn as the next. Having the 
 character of, or relating to, egophony. 
 
 gGOPtiONIQXIE, Egophonic; 
 
 EGOPH'ONY, JEgopho'nia, from a/t, 'a 
 goat,' and ifmr], 'voice.' Caprilo'quiwm, Tra- 
 gopho'nia. Goat's Voice, Bleeding Voice, (F.) 
 Voix chevrotante, V. egophonique, V. de Poli- 
 chinelle, V. senile, Pectoriloquie -chevrotante'. 
 Laennec has designated by this name, the kind 
 of resonance of the voice through the stetho- 
 scope, when we examine the chest of one labour- 
 ing under moderate effusion into one of the 
 pleurae. The voice, which strikes the ear 
 through the cylinder, is ihore sharp and harsh 
 
 than usual, and tremulous and broken like that 
 of the goat. The patient hiniself is called 
 igophone. Bouillaud'aiBrms that the "bron- 
 chial and'bleating voice," {egohronchaphom'e) 
 is the principal symptom of pleuropneumonia. 
 Egophony exists, however, in cases of hepati- 
 zation where there is no pleural disease. 
 
 EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia, ngili'a, Vigilm'- 
 tid, Vigila'tio, Vigil'iumi from lyQsyoiiim, '. I 
 watch.' Watchfulness. A morbid want of sleep. 
 — Galen. 
 
 EGRESSUS VENTRICULI, Pylorus. 
 
 EIDOS, eijoc, 'form, resemblance.' The 
 Hi is often changed ihto w, at the termination of 
 a word. Thus', Hamate'i'des. or Maemuto'des 
 
 EILAMIDES, Meninges. 
 
 EILE'MA,fromeixioc,/feMs,(6/xto, 'IroU,') 
 ' a convolution.' Vogel has given this name to 
 a fix6d pain, occupying some portion of the m- 
 testiual canal, which the patient compares to 
 the sensation tljat would be produced by a nail 
 driven into the part. 
 
 EILEON, Ileon. 
 
 EILEUS, Ileus. ' 
 
 EILOID, ^Tumour,) Eilo'ides, froij^ ii\mi 
 ' I .toll,' and utot, ' resemblance.' A morbid 
 growth of the cutis, coijed or folded. ^ , ; 
 
 EISANTHE'MA, Eicanthe'ma iriter'num, 
 Entanthe'ma, from ut, ' within,' and oiflijua, 
 ' efflorescence.' An eruption on a mucous mem- 
 brane ;i — aphthsB, for example. 
 
 EISBOLE, Attack, Injection. ' 
 
 EISPNOE, Inspiration. 
 
 EJACULATIO, Ejaculation— e. Seminis 
 impedita, Bradyspermatismos. ' 
 
 EJACULATION, Efacula'tio, from e, auit 
 jajiulare, — itself from jacere, 'to throw.' Gono- 
 hol'ia, Gonoholis'TTius, Ejaczdatio seu ^rofu'sit) 
 Sein'inis, Expatra'tio, -Patra'tio, Spermoh'olK 
 The emission of sperm. The act, by which that 
 fluid is darted out through the urethra- 
 
 EJAC'ULATOR. Same etymon. That 
 which effects the emission of' sperm. Set; 
 Transyersus perinaei. 
 -JEjAOULATOE Seminis, Acceleratosr, urinae. 
 
 EJAC'ULATORY, Ejaculato'nus, Ejac'v- 
 lans : same etymon. Concerned in, the ejacu- 
 lation of sperm. 
 
 Ejacdlatory Ducts oe Cakai,s, (TO ^'"'' 
 duits ou Canaux ijdculateurs, Are foi-med by 
 the union of the vasa deferentia with the diicts 
 of the vesiculae seminales. They open at the 
 lateral iand anterior part^ of the verurtlontanum, 
 and convey into the , urethra ' the sperm which 
 is discharged from the vesiculae, as well as that 
 whiqh comes directly from the testicle by the 
 vas deferens. Betvpeen them there is, often a 
 depression, sometimes of a large size, whici) 
 is termed vtric'ulus. 
 .EJECTIO,Excretion-r-e.FaecumiDefeca,tion. 
 
 EJIiC'TION,B;ec'<8o; from ^■ic«-«; (« and jo: 
 cere,) ' to throw out or eject:' The excretion of 
 the fseces, urine,. sputa, &c. ^ ' 
 
 EL NISPERO, Achras sapota. 
 
 ELABORATION^ Elal>ora'tio;.imm e, and 
 labor are, 'to work.' This word is used, by 
 physiologists, to signify the various changes 
 which substances susceptible of assimilation 
 undergo, through, the action of living organs, 
 before they are capable of serving for nutrition. 
 The food is said to be elaborated in the stomach 
 during the formation of chyme; the chyme is 
 
EL^A 
 
 399 
 
 ELECTUAEIUM 
 
 elaborated in the small intestine before it is 
 chylej &c. . 
 
 ELiEA, Olea Europsea. 
 
 EL/EAGNUS, Myrica gale— e. Cordo, My- 
 rica gale. ' ,. 
 
 ELiEOCARPUS COPAEIFERA, Capal. 
 
 EL^OM'ELI, from tKamv, 'oil,' and ftsh, 
 ' honey.' Dioscorides means, hy this, an oil 
 thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which 
 flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is 
 acrid and purgative ; and sometimes occasions 
 serious symptoms, according to that author. — 
 Gorraeus. 
 
 ELiEON, Oil. 
 
 ELJEOPH'ANES, from txawr, 'oil,' and 
 <po<vouai, *'I appear.' That T*hich has the ap- 
 pearance of oil; as JJri'na elt^o'ph'anes* 
 
 EL^O-SAjC'CHARUM, from siiiev, 'oil,' 
 and»'ox;^af§, 'sugar.' O'l^oSac't^harifm^Bal'sa- 
 mo-Sac'fhat-iim. A medicine, composed of es- 
 sential oil and sugar. It was made by pouring 
 upon an ounce of sugar,- reduced to an impal- 
 pable powder, ^ss or gj of an essential oil; the 
 mixture being triturated until the two sub- 
 stances were perfectly united.-^Rolfink.' 
 
 ELAIN, see Pinguedo. 
 
 EL^IS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea 
 ■^-e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea. 
 
 £LAN, Cervus alces. 
 
 £LANCEMJSNT, see Lancinatirig. • 
 
 ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa. , ' 
 
 ELAPHRIUM ;ELEMIFERUM, see Amy- 
 ria elemifera — e.Tomehtosum,Fagara octandra. 
 
 ELAPSUS, Luxation. , ' 
 
 ELAS'MA, from slctuv,K, 'I drive up.' A 
 Clyster pipe. — Linden. 
 
 ELASTES, Elasticity. , 
 
 ELASTIC"I'TY,Elastia"itaa,El'ater,Elas'- 
 teSj El'ateS) Vis el'aa^tira, To7i&i^Tonic"ity ^ (F-) 
 GontractiUte de TissUyGontractiliti far defant 
 d'extfn-sibn, from lilitui'iu, ' I impel.' The pro- 
 perty by which certain bodies return to their 
 proper size and shape where these have been 
 modified by pressure or otherwise. It is pos- 
 sessed by the dead as well as living solid. 
 
 ELATE; Pinus picea— ^.Theleiaj Pinus rubra. 
 
 ELATER, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATERINE, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATERIUM, Extractnmekterii, Momor- 
 dica elaterium. 
 
 ELATES, Elasticity. 
 
 ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium. 
 
 ELATljNE, Antiihinum elatine. 7 
 
 ELBOW, Sax elhojsa, from eli, and iote; the 
 bend of the ulna. Cp'HuiSfAnctyn^echySj Ulna, 
 Z7ot4o, (E.) Coiidf. This word, abstractedly, 
 meJins the angle ijormed by the union, of two 
 straighf bodies. , It is particularly applied to 
 the articulation , of the arm with the. forearm, 
 and especially to the projection formed by the 
 olecranon process at the posterior part of the 
 joint. 
 
 Elbow, Mihees', see Miners' Elbow. 
 
 ELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 ELCO'SIS, Helco 'sis, Eleo'.ma,Heho'ma, from 
 's/lxos, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration in general; An 
 ulcer. A deep ulceration of the eorneai in con- 
 sequence of a blow or of violent inflamjnation. 
 — Galen, Pare. 
 
 Sauvages applies the term te a state of the 
 body, in which there are numerous ulcerations 
 of an obstinate character, complicated with ca- 
 ries, putreacency, low fever, &c. 
 
 ELCUSTER, Embryulcus. 
 
 ELDER, Sambucus^e. Common, Samhucus 
 Canadensis — e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambu- 
 cus ehulus — e. Prickly, Aralia abinosa. ' 
 
 ELECAMPANE, Inula helehium. . 
 
 ELECTRICiTAS, Electricity— e. Anima- 
 lis, Galyanisni^e. Galvanica, Galvanism — e. 
 Metallica, Galvanism. 
 
 ELECTRICITY, EUctric"itaa, from rfkty.- 
 Tgof, 'amber,? — ^the substance in which it was 
 first haticed. Electricity is used medicinally 
 as an excitant. It has been occasionally em- 
 ployed with success in paralysis, rheumatism, 
 accidental deafness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, 
 &c., but it is uncertain, and not much used; 
 and the eases are by no means clear in which it 
 could be of service. It may be communicated 
 by meafis of the ehetrie bath — B'fdn electrigue, 
 as it has been called; which consists in placing 
 the patientupon an isolated stool, and connects 
 ing hiin with the prime conduptor, of which he 
 thus becomes a part. The fluid may be com- 
 municated by points, sparks, or by '^hocks, ac- 
 cording to the required intensity. 
 
 ELECTEtoiTY,MA&NETie,Eleotrp-Magnetism 
 — e. Voltaic, felvanism. ~ 
 
 TO ELECTRIFY, fiom electric, an4>o,.'I 
 make.' (F.) £lectris«r. .To produce the elec- 
 trical condition in a body, or to render it sus- 
 ceptible of producing electrical phenomena. It 
 is often used to signify the act of communi- 
 cating the electric fluid to man. 
 
 iLECTRISER, to electrify f^ i 
 
 EEECTRO'DES,fromf,;iexTjov, 'amber,* and 
 EiiJoc, 'resemblance.' An epithet for evacuations, 
 which shine lik^ amber- — Hippocr. — Fo«sius. 
 
 ELECTRD-MAGNETISMj Magnet'ie elee- 
 tnc"ity. • An electro-magnetic apparatus is oc- 
 casionally used in oases of paralysis. A conve- 
 nient form -consists of a battery of six curved 
 permanent magnets, and an intensity armature, 
 around whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine in- 
 sulated copper wire are coiled. The en^s of 
 the- wire communicate respectively, with a pair 
 of directors, each of. which holds a piece of 
 sponge, dipped in vinegar or a solution of com- 
 mon salt. When ^e armature is rotated, and 
 a portion of theJbody is interposed between the 
 directors, a succession of shocks is received. 
 
 ELECTROPUNC'rURE, Eleetropwn.etura'- 
 tion, Eleetrastix'is, Gal'vatiopunetwre. The 
 operation of inserting, two or more wires, and 
 then connecting' them to the poles of the gal- 
 vanic apparatus. 
 
 ELECTROSTIXIS; Electropuncture.. 
 
 ELECTRl^M, Suceinum. 
 ' ELECTUAm^ JD-ENTIPRICE, Denti- 
 frice. 
 
 ELfeCTUA'RIUM, EUcta'rium; an Electto- 
 ary, from eligere,'f to make choice.' (F.) £Uc- 
 tuaire, A pharmaceutical composition of a soft 
 consistence, somewhat thicker than honey, and 
 formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, 
 honey, &c, Inithe London and American Phar- 
 macopoeias, electuaries are called Confections 
 which see. 
 
 ELEdTUARiuM DE Aloe, Opiatuffl mesente- 
 ricum — e. Aperiens, Confectio' sennae — e. Aro- 
 maticum, Confeetio aromatiea — e. CassiEe, Con- 
 feetio cassias — e. Cassiaa fistulas, Con&ctio cas- 
 sias — e, Cassiae sennae, Confectio sennEe e. 
 
 Cassias tamarindatum seu lenitivum, Confectio 
 cassiae — e. Catholicum commune, Canfectia 
 
ELiBNC&PHALE 
 
 300 
 
 ELEVATOR 
 
 sennae — e. Cinchonae, Qpiatam febrifiigum — e. 
 de Croco emendatum, Gonfectio hyacinth! — e. 
 Diaprunum, Contectio sennae^ — e. Eccoproticum, 
 Confectio sennae^— &; de Kin& kina, Opratum fe- 
 brifugum — e, Laxativnm, Confectio cassise — e. 
 Lenitivum, Confectio-sennae^ — e.Opiat)im, Con- 
 fectio opii — e. Scammoflii, Confectio Seammo- 
 niae — e. e Scammonio, ConfecGo scammoniae 
 — e. Senijas, Confectio sennce — e. ^ennfe com- 
 positum, .Confectio sennae — e. Sennae cum pul- 
 pis, Confectio sennae^e. Thebaiciim, Confectio 
 opii. . ' 
 
 EL&ENCAPHALE, from tXo.=v, 'oil,' and 
 f/xKfaXni, 'encephalon.' A fatty matter fOund 
 by Couerbe itj the encephalic neurine. ' 
 
 ELEllSPHACDS, Salvia. 
 
 EL'EMENT, Elemen'tum, horn ancient ^leo 
 for oleo, 'to grow,' (?) Prindp.'ium, P. Priifd- 
 ti'vum, Stochei'on. A simple, ultimate consti- 
 tuent or principle in the human- body, which 
 forms the basis of a filjre or tissue. Also, a 
 constituent of a colnpound organ. The inorgar 
 nic elements ate simple principles. An organic 
 element J •proxiTtiate principle' or ' compound of 
 organization, results from the union of certain 
 inorganic elements. Oxygen, hydrogen, car- 
 bon, andazdfe, are inorganic elements; fibrin, 
 albumen, osmazome, &c.,- organic elements.' 
 
 Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate. 
 
 ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen. 
 -ELEM'I, Amyris elemifera. 
 
 ELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 ELEOSELINUM, Apium petroselinum. ^ 
 
 ELEPHANTI'ASIS, Elephanti'a, ElepJian- 
 tias'mus, El'ephas /Laz'ari morbus vel malitmy 
 PhtBni&'eus morbus, Phymato'Hs Elephanti'- 
 asis, from sJisipa;, 'an elephant.' -Various af- 
 fections have been described under this name, 
 by adding an epithet. It is ordinarily and ge- 
 nerieally applied to a condition,, in whicli the 
 a'iin -is thick, livid, rugqus, tuberculate, and in- 
 sensible to feeling.' 
 
 Elefhanti'asis AitAB'iCft, Maladie glan- 
 dulairj, ' Ladrerie, Tyriasis, El'ephas, Ele- 
 phanti'asis, E.In'dica, Elephanti'a Ar'abum, 
 Lepra Arabvmu, (of some.) In this the tuber- 
 cles are chiefly op the face and joints. There 
 is loss of hair, except on the scalp; voice, hoarse 
 and nasal ; and the disease is said to be conta- 
 gious and hereditary. It . most frequently at- 
 tacks the feet; and gives the lower extremity a 
 fancied resemblance to the leg of the elephant, 
 whence its name. The seat of the disease 
 seems to be in^the lymphatic vessels and glands, 
 and in the subcutaneous cellular tissue : the in^ 
 flammatory condition of which is accompalnied 
 with general morbid symptoms. • Medicine has > 
 little or no eflfect on this loathsome complaint. 
 See Lepra. 
 
 .Elephantiasis or Cayenne, Mrd rouge de 
 Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra, cha- 
 racterized by red and yellow spots, occupying 
 the forehead, ears, hands, loins, &c., afterwards 
 extending and becoming sealf , with deformity 
 of the parts where they are seated, particularly 
 of the face; and ultimately producing cracks, 
 ulcers, caries, and sometimes death. 
 
 Elephantiasis op the Greeks, £. Greeco'- 
 rum, is -probably the same disease as Lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis of India is characterized by 
 red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly promi- 
 nent, to which succeed indolent tumours, formed 
 in the cellular texture. At a more advanced 
 
 period the phalanges swell, and become .ulce- 
 rated ; the bones of the noSe tarious, the lips 
 thickened, and emaciation gradually carries off 
 the patient. It likewise belongs to lepra. 
 
 Elephantiasis Italicaj Pellagra. 
 
 Elephantiasis'of Java is likgwisea variety 
 of .lepra,^charaeterized-by large, white tumours 
 on the toes and fingers, resembling sci;ofulou5 
 tumefactions. These tumours ulcerate, and 
 the ulceratioiis Spread from the extremities to- 
 wards the trunk, destroying ^v^n ■ the bones,. 
 Amputation can alone' arrest its- progress. The 
 disease is often accompanied by alopecia, and 
 by an eruption of red spots. 
 
 Elephantiasis of the Antilles, Barha'does 
 Leg, Glandular .^^dif ease of Barbadoes, (F.) 
 Jambes de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many 
 vriiteis, Sucne'mia. - It is characterized by^he 
 leg being enormously tumid and misshapen t- 
 skin thickened, Jivid and rugose; often scaly: 
 scrotum, arras or other parts sometimes parti- 
 cipating in the affection. The Bucne'ikia Tro'- 
 pica. Cochin leg, is an, affection of this kind. 
 
 ELEPHANT'INUM EiMPLASTRUM, iJt- 
 9ovTi(ov. An ancient plaster, composed of 30 
 parts ot.ceruss, 45 oi wax, oi7-Bss; water %i. — 
 Castelli. ' Oribasius and Celsus both mention a 
 plaster of this name, but by no means similar 
 in composition. . ' , , 
 
 ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia. 
 
 ELEPHANTOPUS, (F.)Jtlephantope; from 
 cliipits, 'elephanj,' and ntvs, 'foot.' One af-' 
 fected with elephantiasis-. , ' 
 
 ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory. 
 
 ELETTARiA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum 
 cardamomum. ■ , 
 
 ELEUTERIA, Croton f ascarilla. , 
 
 iLiVATEUR, Elevator— e';. Commiri de 
 I'aile du nez et'de la Itvre supirieuTe,'LeVatOT 
 labii superioris alaeque nasi — e. de I'CEil, Rec- 
 tus superior oculi — e. de la PaupUre sup(ri- 
 CMre, Levator palpebrae superioris. 
 
 ELEVATOR, from elevare, (e, and levari,) 
 'to lift up.' (¥.)£levatemr. .A. muscle, whose 
 function it is to raise the part into which it is 
 inserted. See Levator-. ' n 
 
 Elevator, Elevato'rium., Vertis elevato'nns. 
 A name given to different surgical instrnments, 
 employed for- raising portions of bone, which 
 have been depressed, or for-raising and detach- 
 ing the portion of bone separated by the crown 
 of the trepan. 
 
 _ Elevator Ani, Levator ani — e. Labii infe- 
 rioris. Levator labii inferioris — e. Labii supe- 
 rioris proprius,,Levator labii superioris proprius 
 — e. Labiorum communis, Levator ang-uli oris 
 — e. Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — e. Patientiae, 
 Levator scapulae — e.-Scapiilae, Levator scapuls 
 — e. Testiculi, Cremaster — e. Urethrse, see 
 •Transversus periniei. 
 
 Elevator, Common. This is a mere lever; 
 the, end of which is somewhat bent and made 
 rough, in order that it may less readily slip 
 away from the portion of bone which is to be 
 raised.' Thfe instrument is used, by forming a 
 fulcrum for it, either on the hand which holds 
 it, or upon the fingers of the other hand; or by 
 making a fixed point for it on the edge of the 
 opening made with the trephine. 
 
 Elevator of Louis differed from the last 
 only in the circumstance of the screw-peg be- 
 ing united to the bridge by a kind of pivot in- 
 
£LtVE INTERNE 
 
 301 
 
 ELLEBOBUM ALBUM 
 
 stead of hinge, so that greater extent of motion 
 was permitted. 
 
 ^Elevator of Petit consists of a lever mount- 
 ed' on a handle, and straight throughout its 
 whole length, except at its very end, which is 
 slightly curved, in order that" it may be more 
 conveniently put under the portion df bone, in- 
 tended to be elevated. The lever is pierced at 
 various distances from its but-end with several 
 holes, intended for the reception of a movable 
 screw-peg, fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. 
 This part of the instrument consists of an arch, 
 the ends of which are ' long, and covered with 
 small pads, and on its centre is the screw-peg 
 already mentioned. By means of these holes the 
 arm of the lever caiibe lengthened at pleasure. 
 
 Elevator, TRir'L,on>,Vectis iripldi'des. This 
 was so called from its consisting of three 
 branches, uniting above in one common trunk. 
 The latter part was traversed by a long screw, 
 having below a kind of hook, and above a han- 
 dle for turning it. By turning the screw, the 
 hook was drawn up, and the borie thus elevated. 
 
 The simple lever is the only one now used, 
 owing to the want of facility and advantages in 
 the use of the" others. 
 
 iLkVE INTERNE, House surgeon. 
 
 iLEVURES (F.), EfflorescenHk. A gene- 
 ric name, including all the exanthemata, in 
 which there is- f umefattion of the tissue of the 
 skin. . See Exanthgm. ? 
 
 ELIASTER, ilech. 
 
 ELICHRYSUM,Solidagovirgaurea— e.Mon- 
 tanum, Antennaria dioica. 
 
 ELICOIDES, Capreolaris. 
 
 ELIGMA, Eclectos. . 
 
 ELIQUATIO, Colliquation. * 
 
 ELIX A'TIO, Epse'sis, from elix'us, 'boiled,' 
 'sodden.' This word has been jised synony- 
 mously with Decoction. The act of boiling. 
 
 ELIX'IR, Isir, Ixir, QuelleSfAiea^ir. The 
 etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery 
 derives it from sxnm, 'I extract;' and also from 
 aleiw, 'I aid.' Others believe it to be from 
 Arabic, al-ecHr, or aj-eksir, ' chymistry.' An 
 elixir is a medicine composed of various sub- 
 stances held in solution fn alcohol. The name 
 has beeii used, however, forjpreparations, which 
 contain no spirit of wine. 
 
 Elixir Ac"idum Halleei sen Dippe'lii, 
 Elixir Antipodag'ricum^ E. Antinephret'ieiim,, 
 E. Sulphu'rico-ac"idum, Chittse ac"idis ton'icx. 
 Aqua RaheQii, Liquor ac"idus Halleri, Mistu'- 
 ra sulphu'rico-ac"ida, ^tker sulphu'ricus uc"' 
 idws, Ad'idutn sulphu'ricum alcoolisa'twm, A. 
 mtriol'icmn vino' sum, Al'cohol Sulphuriea'tum, 
 A. Sulphu'ricum, is a mixture of concentrated 
 sulphuric acid and alcohol: — in the Eau de Ra- 
 iel, of one part of the former to three of the 
 latter. It is employed as an astringent, in he- 
 morrhages, &c. 
 
 Elixir Aloes, Tinctura aloes composita — e. 
 Anthelminticura Succorum, -Tinctura jalapii 
 composita. 
 
 EliixiR, Anti-Asthma t'io, 0* Boerhaave. 
 This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, 
 camiphor, orris, asarabacca root, calamus ^aro- 
 maticus, liquorice, and elecampane. It is given 
 in asthma, in the dose of 20 or 30 drops. 
 
 Eeixir Antihypoohondriacum, Tinctura 
 cinchonae amara — e. Antinephreticum, E. aci- 
 dum Halleri — e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes 
 composita. 
 
 ■Elixir, Antiscro]?'hlous of Peyrilhe ; com- 
 posed of weak alcohol, suhcarbonate of.poiasaa, 
 and gentian, root. ( It is administered in scro- 
 fula. - , ,, 
 
 Elixir, Carminative,, of Sylvius, Tinctura 
 carminativa Sylvii— e. DaffyV, Tinctura sennae 
 coKip. — e. Danorum, E. pectorale regis Danias— - 
 e. FcEtidunii, Tinctura castorei composita — e. of 
 Garus, Tinctura de croco composita — e. Guai- 
 aci volatilis, Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata — e. 
 Jalappae compositum, Tinctura jalapii compo- 
 sita — e. of Long Life, Tinctura aloes compo- 
 sita — e. de Longue vie,. Tinctura aloes composita 
 — e. d'Or de M. le , Generdt de la Motte, Tinc- 
 tura sen alcohol suUurico-sethereus — e. Parego- 
 ric, Edinburgh, Tinctura opii ammoniata-^e. 
 Paregoricum, Tinctura camphorae xompositum 
 — e. Pectorale dulce, E. pectorale regis Dahiae, 
 
 Elixir Pectora'le Regis Da'ni^, Elix'ir 
 Dano^rum, E. Ringelmwn'ni, E. 6x succo Gly^ 
 cyrrhi'zcB, E. pectora'li dulc£, E. h succo liqui' 
 rifia: (Succ. glycyrrhiz. p. 1 i Aq. Fwnicul.jp. 
 2. Alcohol, ammoniat. p. 6. ,A formula ■ in 
 many of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Eu- 
 rope.) With the addition of opium it consti- 
 tutes the Elixir amtnoniato-opia'tum, Exiract- 
 um theha'icum ammoniaca'li of some Pharma- 
 copceias. 
 
 Elixir Propeietatis, Tinctura aloes com- 
 posita — e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composil;a 
 ^e. Radcliffe s, see Tinctura aloes composita^^ 
 e. Rhej dulce,'Vinum rhej palmati— :e. Ringel- 
 inanni, E. pectorlale regis Da,niaB — e. Rqborans 
 Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonas amara — e. Sacrum, 
 Tinctura rhej et aloes — e. Salutis, Tinctura 
 sennas com^. — e. Squire's, see Tinctura cam- 
 phorae composita — e. Stoihachicum, Tinctura 
 gentianae composita — ^e. Stomachicus spirituo- 
 sus, Tinctura cinchonae amara. — e. Stoilghton's, 
 see Tinctura gentianae composita — e. ex Succo 
 glycyrrhizae, E. .pectorale r^gis Daniae — e. Succo 
 liquiritiacj E. pectorale regis Danorum — e. Sul- 
 phurico-acidum, E. acidum Halleri — e. Trau- 
 maticum, Tinctura Benzoini compositum. 
 
 Elixir Vitje of Matiu'oltis; composed of 
 alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating snb- 
 Mances. It was formerly employed in epilepsy. 
 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric-acid, dilute-— 
 e. Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum; — 
 e. Vitrioli acido-afomaticum, Sulphuricum aci- 
 dum aromaticum^-e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus 
 ffitheris aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aro- 
 maticum — e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphu- 
 ricum acidum aromaticum — e. Vitrioli Myn- 
 sichti, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum^ — e. of 
 Vitrol, sweet, Spiritus astheris aromaticus— e. 
 Vitrioli cum tinctura aromatica, Sulphuricum 
 acidum aromaticum — e. of Vitriol, Vigani's, Spi- 
 ritus aetheris aromaticus — e. Whyttii, Tinctura 
 cinchonae amara. 
 
 ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTO- 
 RIS CHATJSSIER,, Tinctura cinchonae astherea 
 composita. 
 
 ELIXIS, Eclectds. 
 
 ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation. 
 
 ELK, Cervns alces — e. Bark, Magnolia rtia- 
 cropjiylla — e. Tree, Andromeda arborea — e. 
 Wood,' Andromeda arborea. Magnolia macro- 
 phylla. 
 
 ELLEBORASTER, Hellfborus ftetidus. 
 
 ELLEBORE, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 
 ELLEBORISMTJS, Helleborismus. 
 
 ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Veratrum album. 
 
ELLIPTIC 
 
 302 
 
 EMBOITURE 
 
 ELLIPTIC, Oval. " 
 
 ELLYCHNIO'TOS, from cllvxvui, 'ihe wick 
 of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used by the ancient 
 surgeons, so ca,Ued, because it was shaped like 
 a wick, or because it was made of a similar 
 material. 
 
 ELM, COMMON, TJlmus— e. Red, Ulmus 
 Ameritana-— e. Rongh-leaved, UlmuS Ameri- 
 cana— e, Slippery, IPlmus Amfericaha. 
 
 ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana. 
 
 ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) 
 J^arecageux. Febris 'eld'des seu -helo'des seU 
 paludo'sa, HeMp'^ra^ Melopyr'etos, from 'e^of, 
 'a^ marsh,' and EiJ'oc,~''resemblancS.' Marsh 
 fever. Also, a kind of fever, characterized by 
 -great moisture or sweating. 
 
 ELOME, Orpiment/ 
 
 i;LONGA'TIO, Parathro'ma, Elonga'tion, 
 from elongdre, (e, and longjis,) 'to lengthen,' 
 'extend.' An incomplete luxation, in which 
 the ligaments of an articulation are stretched 
 and the limb lengthened, without total luxation. 
 The word has also been used for the extensidu 
 required in the reduction of fractures and luxa- 
 tions, and for the increasBdlength (jf limb, (F.) 
 Allongement, in diseases and dislocations of the 
 hip-joint. f 
 
 ELU,TRIATIO, Pecantation. . 
 
 ELU'VIES, from-e/«o', 'I wash out.' ' An 
 inordinette discharge of any Buid, and also thes 
 fluid itself. In the vsforks of some authors it is 
 particularly applied tp the mutus which flows 
 fronl the vagina in cases of leucorrhoea. 
 
 ELUXATION, Luxation. 
 
 ELYTRATRESIA, ColpatresiS. ' 
 
 ELYTREURYCfTER, Speculum vaginae. 
 
 ELYTRITIS, Colposis leucbrrhcea. 
 
 ELYTROBLENNORRHCEA,, Leucorrhcea 
 (vaginal.) 
 
 EL'YTROCE'LE, from ikutqov, 'a vagina or 
 sheath,' and xijiii, ' a tumour.' Vogel has given 
 this name to vaginal hernia. — Colpoce'li. 
 
 ELYTRODESi (tunica). Vaginal coat of the 
 testicle. 
 
 ELYTRGEDp'MA, Colemde'ma, Qolpcede'ma, 
 from [Jurjov, 'a vagina or sheath,' and oiiijya., 
 ' cedema.' (Edema of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROITIS, Colposis. 
 
 EL'YTRON, from ,kv<u, '1 involve.' A 
 sheath. The vagina. The membranes which 
 envelop the'spinal marrow are called elytra. 
 
 ELYTRON'CU.S, Sj^frop^'ma, from ikv- 
 TQiv, ' a vagina or sheath,' and oyxof, ' a tumour.'. 
 A swelling of the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROPHYMA, Elytroncus. 
 
 ELYTROPTO'SIS, Prolapsus vaginge. 
 
 ELYTRORRHAGIA, ColpoYrhagia. 
 
 ELYTROR'RHAPHY, Elytrorrhaph'ia ; 
 Colpor'rh{ipky,Kolpor'rhaphy; from tM^Tgov, 
 'the vagina;' and ja^ij, 'a suture.' The opera- 
 tion of closing the vagina by suture in cases of 
 procidentia uteri. 
 
 EM and EN, Ev, 'in, into, within.' Also 
 'excess;' — frequently iised in this last sense 
 by Dr. Good. A common prefix, generally 
 answering to the prefixes im and in, in English. 
 In. composition, before,/?, n, <p, i^p, and /i, the v 
 IS chapged into fi; before y, x, 5, and ^, into y; 
 before ^, into x, and before f generally into f. 
 
 EMACIA'TION, Emaeia'tio, from emaciare, 
 ' to grow, lean.' Extenua'tio, Ma'cies, Macri-, 
 tu'do, Macrorj Marco'tes, SieUH'afLeptysm'us, 
 
 Leptyn'sis, JPingued'inis diminu'tio, (F.) 
 'Amaignssement, Maigreur. That conditioii of 
 the body, or of a part of the body, in which it 
 grovvs lean. 'The ^tate of pne who is lean;— 
 Learlness ; Isch'notes,, 
 , EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 'EMAJ:iA'TlQ'!:i,Emcma'tio,Efflv,'mtm.,trom 
 emanare'i (e, and Tnanare,) Ho issue or flow 
 from.'' The term is applied' to a body which 
 proceeds or draw?, its origin from other bodies; 
 such as the light which emtmates from the Sun • 
 the miasm^ which arise from the, putrid de- 
 composition of animal or vegetable substances, 
 &c. See Miasm. 
 
 EM AN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and mfmm, 
 ' to stay.' This term has been applied to amen- 
 norrhcea or obstruction of the menses before 
 th,ey have been established. Some have used it 
 for the retention which, occurs even after they 
 •ha,ve been established. The former is the ge- 
 neral acdeptation. ' , , 
 
 EMARGINATIO, tchancrun. Notch. 
 
 EMARGINATURA, tckancrure, Notch. 
 
 EMASCULA'TION, Emasev^a'iio, from 
 eTiiasciftlare, (e, and masculus, 'a male,') 'to 
 render impotent.' The act'of removing or de- 
 stroying the generative , organs of a male ani- 
 mal. . ' ' 
 ■ EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EMBALM'lf^G, from em, en, ' in," mi hal- 
 sninu'm, ' balsam.' BtllsUmd'tio, Smymis'imsj 
 C'edeia, PoUinctu'ra, -Qcmditu'ra' Cadai/erum, 
 (¥ .) Ew^bawmeni, Imhalsmnation. An operation 
 which consists iii impregnating the dead body 
 with substances capable of preventing it from 
 becoming putrid, and thus putting it in'a condi- 
 tion to be preserved".. 
 
 EMBAM'MA, jAppbam'ma, Bamma, from 
 tu(9«7rT(i), ' I immerse in.' A medicated pickle 
 or sauce; — Gorraeus. 
 
 EMB ARRAS, Emphraxis. 
 
 EMBARRAS GASTR'IQXTE (F.), Gastm 
 disorder ot: impediTnent, Collu'vies gas'trica, 
 Sordes prima'rwm via'rwm. Status gas'tnms. 
 Disorder of the stomach, in which there is loss 
 of aj)petite, wDth bitterness. and clamminess of 
 mouth, white and yellow tongue, feeling of op- 
 pression in the epigastrium, and sometimes pain 
 in that region, nausea and bilious or bitter to- 
 miting; this state being accompanied with head- 
 ache, lassitude, and pain in thfe back and limbs. 
 
 Embareas "Gastro-intestinai., . Gastn-m- 
 teiti'nal disorder. Slight' gastro-enteritis, ac- 
 cording to the Broussaist, in which the synip- 
 toms of the Embarras gastriqiif and E. intesti- 
 nal are united. 
 
 Embarras IhtestiRal, Intes'tinal disoritt. 
 The principal/haracters assigned to this are;— 
 tension of the abdomen, colic, borborygrai,dis- 
 charge of flatus pir anum, constipation or diar- 
 rhoea, &c. 
 
 EMBARRURE, Engisoma. 
 
 EMBAUMENT, Embalming. 
 
 EMBOITEMENT, (F.) ■' Encasing,' from 
 em, ' in,' and boite, ' a box.' EnadelpMn- 
 This term has been applied to that theory of 
 generation which considers that the. germs are 
 encased in each other in the Ovary of the female, 
 in such sort that they are developed in succes- 
 sion after impregnation. It is the theory of 
 encasing of germs, or of monstrosity by indw 
 sion. 
 
 EMBOITURE, Diarthrosis. 
 
EMBOLE 
 
 303 
 
 EMINENCES BlGiMIN&ES 
 
 EM'BOLl;, from iiifHaiXit, ' I put in place.' 
 Reduction of a Inxated boiie. Beposi'tio. 
 
 EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary. 
 EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Inflindibulum of 
 the brain. 
 
 AMBONPOINX, (F.l "In good point or 
 plight." Bona cor'poris haiitu'do. The state 
 of the animal body when in full- health. Ex- 
 cessive embonpoiiit constitutes corpulence and 
 obesity, and may become a morbid condition. 
 
 EMBONPOINT EXCESS IF, Polysarci^ 
 ^diposa. ' 
 
 EMBORISMA, Aneurism. 
 
 EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation. 
 
 EMBROC AmON, Embraca'Ho, Emhfeg'ma, 
 Em'hrochi,Implu'vium,,{j:oni s/iiSjt/tu, ' I sprin- 
 kle.' A fluid application to be rubbed on any 
 part of the body. It is often used synony- 
 mously with liniment. Originally it was em- 
 ployed in the sense of Fomentatian. 
 
 , Embrocation, Guestonian, see Oleum Tere? 
 binthins recti^ftiatum. 
 
 EMBROCHE, Embrocation. 
 
 EMBRYEMA, Embrocation. 
 
 EM'BRYO, Em'brgon, from ef, 'in,? and 
 /fjiuiu, ' 1 grow.', Cjfe'ma. The fecundated 
 germ, at the eirly stages ef its development in 
 iitero. At a certain period of its increase, the 
 name fcetus isf iven to it, but at what period is 
 not determmed. ~ Generally, the embryo state 
 is considered , to extend to the period of quick- 
 ening. 
 
 EMBRYOCrrONY, Fati^ trutida'tio, from 
 »(i(»jwir', 'the embryo,' and xtoioc, 'destruction.' 
 The act of destroying a fostus in utero,- when 
 insntoioiuntable obstacles — as certain deformi- 
 ties of the pelvis — oppose de!i<>ery. 
 
 EMBRYOCRAPHY, Embryogra'phia, from 
 i/xfigvuv, 'the embryo,' and yg«»i;, ',a descrip- 
 tion.' The part of anatomy which describes 
 the •embryo. ■ _ 
 
 EMBRYOLOGY, Emiryolog"ia, -ftom j^- 
 I'Spwor, f the embryo,' andxoyec, ' a description.' 
 The doctrine of embryonic development. 
 
 EMBRYONIC, Bmbryon'icus, {V.)EmbTyo- 
 nique;, same etymon as embryo. Relating or 
 appertaining to an embryo: — as 'embryonic 
 life.' 
 
 EMBRTONIQUE, Embryonic. 
 
 E M B R Y T HI AS'T A, Embxyotklas'tes, 
 Embryotktas'ttan, (F.) Embryotome, from e^- 
 fiQmfi, 'the embryo,' and S-xaa, Si break.' An 
 instrument for dividing the fcetus piecemeal, in 
 order to effect delivery. A crotchet or other 
 instrument, used, in certain cases of laborious 
 parturition, to break the bonesof the foetus, for 
 the purpose of extracting them with greater 
 facility — ^Hippocr., Galen. 
 
 EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 
 EMBR YO tomb, Embryothlasta. 
 
 EMBRYOT'OMY, Emb'ryotom'ia, from i^- 
 (Sjuov, 'an embryo,' and TSfttfiv, 'to cut.' A 
 division of tfae fcetus into fragments, to extract 
 it by piecemeal, when the narrowness of the 
 pelvis or other faulty 'conformation opposes de- 
 livery. 
 
 EMBRYOT'ROPHY, Embryolropk'ia, fronj 
 i(K(Sguor, 'the embryo,' and Tgoifii, 'nourish- 
 ment.' Fcetal nutrition. Cyot'rophy. 
 
 EMBRYUL'CIA, Embryusterul' da, from 
 ffi^gvof, 'embryo, fostus,' and eak*, 'I ex- 
 tract,' ' I draw.' A surgical operation, by 
 which the fcetus is extracted by means of ap- 
 
 propriate instruments, when faulty conforma- 
 tion or other circumstances prevent delivery 
 by the natural efforts. 
 
 EMBRYITL'GUS, Elcns'ter, same etymon. 
 An "iron hook or crotchet, described by Fabiir 
 cius ab Aquapandente, which was used to ex- 
 tract the foetus in some cases of laborious la- 
 bour. ^ 
 
 EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia. 
 
 EMENDANS, Corrigept. 
 
 iMERAUDE, Smaragdus. 
 
 EMESIA, Vomiturition. - 
 
 EMESIS, Vomiting. 
 
 EMET ATROPHIA, from e^E», 'I vomit,' 
 andaTgotpia, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy 
 induced by vomiting. 
 
 EMETIA, Emetine.. 
 
 EMET'IC, Emet'icum, Vomito'rium, PuJct, 
 frdm (/K!to, 'I vomit.' A substance capable of 
 producing vomiting. (F.) Amitique. [This 
 term is also restricted by the French to tarta- 
 rized antimony— the emetic, as it were, paif ex- 
 ceUence.J Vomitif. Tdrtarized i/ntimony, eme- 
 tine, ipecacuanha, and sulphate o^tinc, are the 
 chief emetics. Emetics are valuable agents in 
 disease. They may either act primarily on 
 the stomach, or secondarily on other parts of 
 the system, — the sympathy between the sto- 
 mach and, other parts of the body being very 
 extensive, and an important qbject of study. 
 
 The following are the chief emetics : — Anti- 
 mo'nil et Potassae Taitras ; Cupri Acetas; Cupri 
 Sulphas; Emfetina; Gillehia; Hydrargyri Sul- 
 phas Flavus; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sangui- 
 naria; Scilla; Sinapls, and Zinci Sulphas. 
 
 Emetic Root, Euphorbia coroUata — e. Tar- 
 tar, Antimoniihn taTtarizd.tum= — e. Weed, Lo- 
 belia'inflata. ■ 
 
 EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology. 
 
 EM'ETINE, Emeti'na, Emet'ia, Vom'itint. 
 A vegetable alkali, discovered' by M. Pelle- 
 tier in ipecacuanha, and to which, it ov^es its 
 emetic power. It is obtained from different 
 ipecacuanhas, but chiefly from the psychot'ria 
 emeifica, callicoc'ca ipecacuan'ha, and vi'ola 
 emet'ica. It is in transparent scales, of a reddish 
 brown colour, almost inodorous; of a bitter, 
 slightly acrid taste ; is unchangeable iu the air, 
 soluble in water and alcohol, and insoluble in 
 ether. Three grains of impure emetia or one 
 grain of pure are equal to 18 of ipecacuanha. 
 See Ipecacuanha. 
 
 EM£TIQVE, Antimonium tartarizatum, 
 Emetic' 
 
 EMETO-CATHAEiSIS, see Emeto-cathar- 
 tic. 
 
 EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC, Em'eto-cathar'ti- 
 cus, from e/tsrif, ' vomiting,' and xa&agTixoc, ' a 
 purgative.' A remedy, which at the same time 
 excites vomiting and purging — Em'eto-eathar'- 
 sis. , '^ 
 
 F.J^'ETOh'OGY, Em6tolog"ia,Em:eticolgg"ia, 
 from t|HiTot, 'vomiting,' and ioyo;, 'a dis- 
 course.' ■ A treatise on von!;iting, and on eme- 
 tics. 
 
 EMINENCE, Eminen'tia, Prqtuberan'tia, 
 Exkiehi, Exanthe'-tna. A projection at the sur- 
 face of a healthy or diseased organ. 
 . IMMINENCE PORTE ANT£RIEURE, 
 Lobulus anonymus — e. Porte posterieure, Lo- 
 bulus Spigelii — «• Sus-pubienne, Mohs veneris, 
 
 IK^NI^NCES BIGlMINSEH, 'Quadri- 
 gemina corpora— r«. Laterales, Corpora olivaria 
 
EMINENTIA 
 
 304 
 
 EMPHYSEMA 
 
 Corpora pyramidalia — «. 
 Vermiformes du tervelet, Vermiformes proces- 
 sus. . , 
 
 EMINENTIA, Protmberantia— e. ^ Anrmla- 
 ris, Pons varolii — &. Pyramidalis tympani, Py- 
 ramid. 
 
 EMINENTIA CANDICANTES,^ Mamil- 
 laryTubercles^-^e. L.enticulares', Corpora striata 
 — e.Magnae -cerebri, Thalami nervorum optico- 
 rum — e. Olivares, Corpora olivaria — e. Pyra- 
 midaliffl, Corpora pyramidalia ■ — e- Quadrige- 
 minae, Quadrigemina tu})ercula. 
 
 iMISSAIRE, Emunctory.' 
 
 EMISSA'RIA SANTORrNL-Aiiame given 
 to some small veins, which comrnunicate with 
 the sinuses of- the dura mater, by apertures in 
 thfe cranium. Such are the parietal, posterior 
 condyloid, mastoid veins, .&c. 
 
 EMISSIO, Emission— e. ^eminis, Spermatis- 
 mus. 
 
 EMIS'SION, Emis'sio, from emittere, («, and 
 mittere,) 'to send out,' ' drive out.' The act by, 
 which any matter whatever is thrown from thg 
 body. Thu^, we say Emission of urine. Emis- 
 sion ofiem^n, &c. 
 
 EMMEN^AGOGUES, Emmenago'ga, . Em- 
 meniago'ga,- Am6'ni0, from c/^fiiiva, 'the men- 
 ses,' and ay.x, fl drive,' or 'expel.' Men'a- 
 gogues. . A name giyen to medicines believed to 
 havp the power of favouring the discharge of 
 the menses. It is doubtful whether, there be, 
 any substance which possesses this power di- 
 rectly. According to different conditions of the 
 systein, the most opposite reftiedies may act as 
 emmenagogues. Siack kellebore, savin, Tn^id- 
 der, polygala senega, and ergot, are reputed to 
 be specific emflienagogues,. The following list 
 comprises the chief of them: — Cunila Pule- 
 gioides ; Helleborus Niger ;' Mentha Pi^legium ; 
 Rosmarinus; Rnbia; Sabinaj.Secale Cornatumj 
 Senega, and Tanacetuin. 
 
 EMMENAGpLOG'lA, from t/i.nr,vaymYcc, 
 and Aoyot,-* discourse.' A treatise of emmena- 
 gogues. 
 
 EMMENIA, Menses. 
 
 EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues. , 
 
 EMMENOLQG"IA, from [^^i;i.a, ' menses,' 
 and \dyi>;, 'a discourse.' A treatise on men- 
 struation. ^ 
 
 EJWMYXIUM/ARTlCULARE, Hydrar- 
 thrus.. - , 
 
 EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients. 
 
 EMOL'LIENTS, EmolHen'tia, Malthadtica, 
 Helaxan'tia, Epiceras'tica, Malac'tica, Ijubri- 
 can'tia, Malacopce' a,- Mollien'tia, from emollire, 
 (e, ani mollire, 'to soften.') Substances wh'ch 
 relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too 
 tense. They are used both internally and ex- 
 ternally: as the, former, however, consist of mu- 
 cilaginous substances, theyare generally reck- 
 oned as demulcents : the latter, or proper emol- 
 lients,, consist of oils, ^cataplasms, fomenta- 
 tions, &c. Oleaginous bodies, -rubbed on ai part, 
 act by diminishing its cohesion. Fomentations, 
 in cases of internal inflammation, act probably 
 throrgh contiguous sympathy. The follo>ving 
 are the chief emollients: — Adeps ; Ar^ygdalse 
 Oleum; Avenee Farina; Cera; Cetaceum; Li- 
 num ; Olivae Oleum ; Sesamum ; Triticl Farina, 
 . and Ulmus. 
 
 EMOLLITIES, Molliti'es— e. Morbosa, Mol- 
 litie3.-re. Ossium, Mollities ossium— e. Uteri 
 Morbosa, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 . EMOLLITIO, Mollities— 6. Ventriculi, Gas- 
 tromalacia. 
 
 ^MONCTOIRE, Emunctory,. , 
 
 EMOPTOE, Hasmoptysis. 
 
 EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion. , 
 
 EMO'TIONAL, from emotio, («, ' from,' and 
 mo'seo, motus, ' to move.') Relating to emotion 
 or passion independently of the will : — hence an 
 ' emotional or .instinctive impulse.' 
 
 EMPASMA,^Catapasma.. 
 
 EMP'JtEMENT, fiom empdter, 'to render 
 pasty or doughy.' A non-inflam(iiatory_ en- 
 gorgement, which retains, more or le^ the im- 
 pression of the finger. 
 
 EMPATHE'MA, Ma'nia a pathe'mail, (F.) 
 Manie sans delire; ungovernable passion, from 
 t|ii, or w,-' in,' and ttoJos,, ' suffering,' — Good. 
 
 EMPEIRIA, Experience. 
 
 EMEETRUM, Herhiaria glabra. , 
 
 EM PHLYSIS, fr6m t^, or iv, ' in,' and ip V,i(, 
 ' a vesiculir tumour or eruption.' Ich'orpus 
 .Ex(fn'tkem. Ai; eruption of vesicular pimples, 
 filled progressively with an acrid and colour- 
 less, or.nearly colourless; fluid; terminating in 
 scurf or laminated scabs. A genus intheoider 
 ExaMhematicaj class Hamat%ca of Good. 
 
 Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthse, Stomatili?, 
 aphthous — ^e. Erysipelas,-Erysipel43— e. Milia-' 
 ria. Miliary fever — e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus 
 — e. Vaccina, inserta. Vaccina — e. Varicella, 
 
 - EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus; 
 
 EMPHRACTICA, Physconia. 
 
 EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tic, from tu- 
 *§.a.TTui, ' I close,' 'I obstruct.' Emplai'tims, 
 Emflattom'enos. Any substante which, when 
 applied to the.^in,, elpses the pores. 
 
 EMPHRAG'MA, same.etynion. Olturamtn'- 
 ttfm, Impedimen'tum. Anything that jobstructs. 
 Hippocrates uses this term to .designate the ob- 
 stacle to delivery on the part of the foetos, when 
 the presentation is preternatural. 
 
 Ehiphras'ma Lachbtmale, Fistula lachry- 
 maMs^— e. Salirare, Ranula. 
 
 EMPHRAX'IS,Oi*f r«Vrto, Oltwra'tio, Dp- 
 pila'tio, Bifare'tus, Farctus, Partus. Same.ety- 
 mon. ' Obstruction.' An Emharraa or reple- 
 tion of canals or cavities by any substance, 
 which is either morbid from quantity or qua- 
 lity. ' . 
 
 EMPHYMA,Tumour— e.Encystis,EncyBtis 
 — e. Encystis atheroma. Atheroma — e. Bncys- 
 tis ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo— e. Encystis 
 meliceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoffia, 
 Steatoma — e. Exostosis -osseajExostosisn-e.Fii- 
 ostosis periostea, Node — e'. Sarcoma, Sarcomar— 
 e. Sarcoma adiposura. Adipose sarcoma — e. Sar- 
 coma cellulosum, Cystic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma 
 mammarum. Mammary sarcoma — e. Sarcoma 
 pancreaticum. Pancreatic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma 
 scirrhosum. Scirrhous sarcoma-^e. Sarcomitu- 
 berculobum, Tuberculate sarcoma — e. Sarcoma 
 vasculoslim,,. Sarcoma, vascular. 
 , EMPHYSE'MA,from !i,*uiraw, («, and 
 «n/!ram,'l blow,') 'I inflate.' InJla'(io,Emfmeu- 
 m,ato'sis,Barci'tes Jlatuo' sns;Emphyse'mOietllu- 
 la're, Em,physe''ma pne%tmato' sis , Physon'cus, 
 Tumor flatulen'tus, Pneumato'sis, (^.^Emphy- 
 seme; Infla'tion, Wind-dropsy. This term is 
 commonly applied to any white, crepitant, shin- 
 ing, elastic, indolent tumour, caused by the in- 
 troduction of air into the cellular texture. In- 
 juries of the larynx, trachea, or lungs ; fractures 
 
EMPHYSkME 
 
 305 
 
 EMPLASTRUM 
 
 of the libs,- or wounds penetrating the chest are 
 the most frequent causes of this affection, wl^ich 
 is owing to the air escaping from the air-pas- 
 sages and insinuating itself into the cellular 
 texture surrounding tlie wound. There are some 
 cases of emphysema, which are owing to inter- 
 nal causes ;' and hence a division has been made 
 into the accidental and symptomatic, and the 
 spontaneous and idiopathic. 
 
 Emphysema Abdominis,, Tympanites. * 
 
 ,Emphyse'ma of the Lungs, 5. Pulmo'mim,, 
 AsthTtia atreum ah Emphyse'mate Pulmo'mim, 
 Pneumato'sis Pulmo'num, 'Pneum^mectasisy 
 (F.) Pnettjmoectasie, Emphys^me du Pownion. 
 A considerable pressure or contusion of the 
 chest, or any violent concussion of the lung, 
 may produce a laceration in that viscus,- without 
 injury being done to the parietes of the thorax, 
 and may give place to the infiltration of air into 
 the cellular texture, interlobular e-n^hysema, 
 Laennec has described another species of em- 
 physema of "the lungs. Vesicular einphysBTnifb, 
 consistmg in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, 
 some of w'hich' become as. large as hemp-seed, 
 ultimately break, and give rise to irregular vesi- 
 cles at the surface of. the lung, some of which 
 are as large as a. hazel nut. Physical Signs. 
 The thoraSc externally, generally or locally, ap- 
 pears unnaturally convex and. prominent. The 
 intercostal spaces are widened, but depressed. 
 The inspiratory efforts are increased., The 
 sound on percussion is morbidly clear, but not 
 tympanitic. On auscultation, the inspiratory 
 murmur is feeble or suppressed. The expiration, 
 which is more frequently audible, is prolonged, 
 laborious and wheezing. There are no certain 
 physical signs which can distinguish interloiu- 
 lar. emphysema from the vesicular.. 
 
 Emphysema Pectokis, Pneumothorax — e. 
 Scroti, Physocele — e. Tympanites, Tympanites 
 — e. Uteri, Hysterophysis," Physometra, 
 
 EMPHTS-kME, Emphysema— ff. du Pou- 
 tnon. Emphysema of the lungs. 
 
 EMPHY.TUM THERMUM,. Biolychnium. 
 EMP'IRIC, Empi'ricus, from e^TZi/^ix, (in, 
 and irtijo, ' a trjal,') ' experience.' One who 
 follows only experience. Asect of jihysicians, 
 who rejected all theory smd took for their guide 
 experience alone. It was opposed, to the dog- 
 matic, sect. The Empiric sect prevailed, till 
 near the time of Galen. Amongst its most 
 eminent membej-s, after Philinus and Serapion, 
 were ApoUonius, Glaucias, Bacchius of Tana- 
 gra, and Zeuxis,— both disciples of Heropbilus, 
 — Heraclides of Tarentum, Gleopharttus, mas- 
 ter Of Asclepiades, Menodotus of Nicomediaj 
 and Theudas'of Laodicea, They occupied theni- 
 selveSj chiefly, with discovering the properties 
 of drugs, and did important service, in this man- 
 ner, to medicine. 
 
 At the present day, the " word Empiric is 
 only taken in a bad sense, being employed in 
 nparly the same signification as charlatan or 
 quad: 
 
 EMPIRICE, Empiricism. 
 
 EMPIR'ICISlVr ; same etymon. Empi'rica 
 Ars, Empi'rice, (F.), EmpirisTne. . Medicine 
 founded on experience. It generally, at the 
 present day, signifies quaclcery. 
 
 EMPIRISME, Empiricism. 
 
 EMP/LAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Also a remedy, which adheres as a plaster to 
 
 the surface, and in this mannei; may obstruct 
 the pores : an emphractic. 
 
 EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIO, Endermic. 
 
 EMPLAS'TRUM,fromtheGreek, i^,n\a.iria, 
 («v, and nianniir, ' to form,') ' I spread upon.' 
 (F.) Empl&tre. A. solid and tenacious copa- 
 pound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the hu- 
 man body. Some of the plasters owe their con- 
 sistence to wax and resin; and others to the 
 chemical vmion which takes place between the 
 semivitreous oxide of lead and oil. Most of 
 them become too consistent by age. When 
 such is the case, they may be re-melted by a 
 gentle heat, and oil be added to them. 
 
 EMPLAsiRUM ADH.ffisivuM, Emplastrum re- 
 sinae— e. Adhaesivum Wopdstockii, see Spara- 
 drapum adhsesivuiji — e. Alexandri, Alexandrine 
 — e. de Althsefi, Unguentum de Althaea. 
 
 Emplastrum Aismoni'aci, Ammonia'eum 
 Plaster, (^Am/moniac. pur, ^v. acidiacetici Oss-. 
 Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar, and 
 strain : then evaJ)orate the solution by means of 
 a water bath, stirring cons,tantly until it ac- 
 quires a proper consistence. — Ph. U. S.) It is 
 used as a discutierit plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Ammoni'aci cum Hydear'gyro, 
 Atmnoniacwm plaster vjith Tnercury {Ammonia- 
 ci pjir. Bij, hydrarg. pur. ^iij, olei- sulp^. 3j. 
 Rub the mercury with the oil until the glo- 
 bules disappear, then add. the ammoniac, pre- 
 viously melted, and mix. Ph.. £.) 
 ' Emplastrum Andre,e de Cruce, E. de pice 
 et resinis gldtinans — e. Anglicum, see Spara- 
 drapum adhaesivum. 
 
 Emplastjium Aromat'ioum, Aromat'ic Plas- 
 ter, {Thuris. ,f iij, ceree Jlavce §ss, pulv. cort. 
 cinnam.'J^vj, ql.t ess. pim.eni., ol. ess. -Idmon. 
 aa zij . Melt the frankincense and wax together, 
 and Strain; then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, 
 previously rubbed with the oils, and form a plas- 
 ter. Ph. Hull.) Used as a stimulating plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum K&iiS(^iTDS.,Asafet'.idaplaster, 
 E. antihyster'icwm, {Empl. plumb., Asafat., 
 sing.-'Sjj. Galban., CerceJlavfB -d^Jhss. Alcohol, 
 dilut. Oiij. Dissolve the asafoetida and galba- 
 num in the alcohol, in a water bath, strain while 
 hot, and evaporate to the consistence of honey ; 
 add the lead plaster and w^ previously melted 
 together, stir the mixture well, and evaporate 
 to the proper consistence.^PA. V. S.) Used 
 as an antispasmodic and anodyne plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum Aitrahems, B.cerae — e. Auri- 
 culare, Hypotium. 
 
 Emplastrum BELLADou'Na;, Plaster of Bel- 
 ladon'na. {Empl. resin. §iij, Ext. Belladon. 
 ^iss. Add the extract to the plaster, previously 
 melted in a water bath, and mix. — Ph. TT. S.) 
 
 Emplastrum Calefa'oiens, E. Picis cum 
 canthar'idS (Ph. U. S.,) Calefa'cient plaster, 
 Warmplaster.{Y ,) Emplatre echauffa?it, (Cerat. 
 cantharii. (Ph. U. S.) ffiss, Picis abiet, Siijss. 
 Melt together, and form into a plaster. Ph. D.S.) 
 It is rubefacient anB stimulant. 
 
 Emplastrijm C anthabidis, E. lyttasT^e. Can- 
 tharidis vesicatoriixompositum, E. lyttae comp. 
 . — e. Cephalicum, E. picis/omp. 
 
 Emplastrum Cer^e, E. simplex,Wax plaster, 
 E. At'trahens. : ( Cercsftava, Sevi Prsgp. aa Ibiij, 
 resinteflavselbi. Melt them togeth,er and strain. 
 Pk. L.) It has been considered drawing. It 
 is stimulating. 
 
 Emplastrum Ciou'TA, E. de Cicu'ta, E. 
 coni'i macula'ti, Uuguen'tum sol'idum de cicu'- 
 
EMPLASTRUM CITRINUM 
 
 306 EMPLASTRUM NORIMBERGENSE 
 
 ia. Hemlock plaster, (F.) Empl&tre de Ciguti.' 
 {Resinseabiet.S6i}jp. Ceraflav.GiO^. JPieis 
 albee, 448 p. Ol. eiautiB per decoct, prieparat. 
 128 p. Fol.cicut. recent. 2000 p. Melt, the 
 resins, wax and oil ; add the cicuta leayes, and 
 boil; strain and add, after having dissolved it in 
 vinegar of squills and cicuta. juice, gum ammo- 
 tUad, 500 p. Ph. Par.) It is used as a discu- 
 tient, especially to scimhous tumours. 
 . EMPLASTRUM. GiTRiNUMj IJnguentum de al- 
 thaea — e. Commune, E. Plumbi — e. Commune 
 cum resinA, E. resinae — e, Conii, E. cicutae. 
 
 Emplastbum Cumi'hi, Cummin planter, 
 (^Cumin. seTtiin., caruisem., lauri bAcc. sing. 
 % iij , picis aridx ttiij , cerx flavae .^ iij • Melt the 
 pitch and wax together, then add' the other in- 
 gredients. Ph. L.) It is used aS a warm, disr 
 cutient plaster. • 
 
 EmpLastihim Diachylon, Diachylon,' E. 
 plumbi — e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet — e. 
 Emolliens, Unguentum de althaeSl — e. Epispas- 
 ticum, E. lyitae. 
 
 Emplastrum Febri, £. rob'orans, Iron Plas- 
 ter, Strength' ening Pldste'r. {Ferri subcarb.l' 
 .,^iij, Emp. phimhi,^\}, Pivis abietis, Ifess, Add 
 the snbearbonate of iron to the lead plaster and 
 Burgundy pitch previously melted togetherj and 
 stir constantly until they thicken upon cooling. 
 —Ph. U. S.) 
 
 Emplastbum Febri Rubbi, E. oxidi ferri 
 rubri— ^e. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea— e. ad 
 Fonticulos, Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'b'ani, Galb'anum plaster, 
 (^Empl. litkarg, Ibij, gum., galban. ffiss, cercB 
 Jlaves ^iv. Melt the galbanum before adding 
 the plaster and wax, tben melt all together. 
 Ph. D.) A stimulant and diseutient. 
 
 Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum, E. li- 
 thar'gyri compds'itum, Diach'ylon magnum, cum, 
 gunvmi. Compound galba7ium, plaster. (Galb. 
 pur. ,^viijj Emp. plumbi, ftiij, tereb. vulg. gx, 
 abietis resin, contus. .^iij- Melt the galbanum 
 and tutpentine together, then mix in the resin, 
 and afterwards the plaster, previously melted. 
 It is stimulant and disciitient. 
 
 Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum 
 adhaesivam — e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummo- 
 sum. . , _ 
 
 Emplastrum Qummo'sum, Gum plaster, Em^ 
 plastruvti lithar'gyri ciam git/rmni, E. cum gum- 
 ftiat'ibus , E . e gumJrfialf ibus resino' sis\E . Ox'ydi 
 Plumbi sevtivifret guiiimo's7im, Yellow diach'-. 
 ylon. Gum diachylon. Diachylon cum gummi. 
 (_Emp. oxid. plum.bi semivitr. p. viii, g. resin. 
 am/msniae, g:i resin; bubon, gtilbani, ceras Jlakjae, 
 aa,'p. i. Ph, E,) Pi;operties and uses like the 
 last. 
 
 Emplastbum e Gummatibus Resinosis, E. 
 gummosum. - j 
 
 Emplastrum cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.) Em- 
 pldtre de gomme resine. Diachylon gom/me. Plas- 
 ter of gum resins, ^Emplastr. simpl. p. 1600, 
 cercE jiava, p. 96, picis 'aZbcB,'p. 96, terebinth.'^. 
 96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo- 
 niac, p. 32, bdellium 39, galban. 32, s,nd^sagape- 
 num, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of 
 alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of^honey, 
 and mix carefully all together'. Ph.P.) Adiscu- 
 tient. 
 
 Emplastbum Hydrab'gybi, Mercu'rial plas- 
 ter, Emplastr. lithar'gyri cum hydrar'gyro. 
 (Hydrarg. purif. pond. Jvj, ol. oliv., resin, aa 
 §ij, emplast. plumbi, 36j. Melt the oil and resin 
 
 together, and when cool rub the niercury with 
 them till the globules disappear; then gradually 
 add the lead plaster, previously melted,and mix 
 all. Pk.XJ-.S.) It is stimulant, resolvent and 
 diseutient. Ajiplied as a diseutient to venereal 
 and other tumours. 
 
 Emplastbum Htdbar^gVbi Compos'itum, E, 
 de. hydrar'gyro com.pos'itu'm^ E. de Vigo cUm 
 m.e7 cu'rio em^nda'tv/m. Compound plaster ofme^- 
 cury. {Empt. simpl. p. 1250, eerte^flavce, p. 64 
 resints, p. 64. Melt, and before^ it' congeals 
 add^ato. g. amwioniac, p. 20, ifieWJKpj', p. JO, 
 oUban. p. idjmyrifh, p. W,Saffron, p. 13. Jlix 
 carefully. 'Fake of mercury, p. 380, pure tur- 
 pentine, .p^ 64, liquid and' pure storax', pi 192. 
 Triturate in an iron mortar till the globules 
 'disappear : melt all t'ogetheri and before congeal- 
 ing add essential oil of Lavender,, p. "6. Pharm. 
 P.) Tie same properties as the last. 
 , Emplastrum loHi'HyoooLL^ffi tel« itoccTDM, 
 see Sparadrapum ' adhaesivum^^e. Irritans, E. 
 Ijrttse — e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi — ^e; Lithargyri 
 corapositupa, E. galbahi compositum — e. Lithar- 
 gyri cum gum'mi, E. guihrnosum-^ei 'Lithargyri 
 cuhi hydrargyro, E. hydrargyri-T-e. Lithargyri 
 cum resinS, E. resinas — e. LitHargyricum cum 
 resina pini, E. resinae. 
 
 Emplastrum Lttt.e, E.'can,tha:r'idis; E. can- 
 tharidis vesicatp'rii, Pla^ster of the Spanish or 
 blistering fly , Blisteiing Plaster, Fly Plaster, 
 E. mel'oes vesicato'rii, E. vesicato'riitm, E. 
 epispas'ticUm, E. e cantharid'dbus epispas'tiewn 
 solid'ius et tena'cius heereris, E. irri'tans, E. 
 Wubefi'ans. {Ca/ntharid^es in powder, ftj,E«ijj, 
 ceroi Mss, adipis. prscp. ffij. Meft, the, plas- 
 ter and lard together, and as the mixture be- 
 comes thick on codling,- sprinkle in the flies, 
 and iriix. Pharm. L.) "This is^ the common 
 blistering plaster. Too, much heat must not he 
 used in its preparation. Itrequires to remain 
 on 6 or 8 hours before its full effect is induced, 
 and it acts sufficiently weU, provided «ven a 
 piece of thin gauze or tissue paper be placed 
 between it and the skin, whilst absorption of 
 the flies is thus prei vented. See Blister. The 
 Blistering Plaster of the Phaj-macopceia of the 
 United States, Cera'twm Canthar'idis, is made as 
 follows: — C;are«Afflr8V.inpulv.subiiliss.,Tbj,Mra 
 fla/ose, resinse, adipis, aa^.^viij. To the wai, te- 
 sin, and lard, previously melted, add the Spanish 
 flies, and stir the mixture constantly until ao6l. 
 Emplastbum Lytt* Compos'itum, E, can- 
 thar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum, E. iml'oh 
 vesicato'rii compoi'it'iim,' Compound plaster of 
 canthar'ides or Spanish flies. {Resin, liq.pim 
 laricis. p. 18, resints concret. pini abietis, 
 meloes vesicat. aa, p. 12, cerce flava, p.' 4, svi- 
 acet. cupri, p. ij, semin. sinapis alb.,fruet. pip. 
 nigr, ai p. j. Melt the pitch and wax, then 
 add the turpentine, and as these cool sprinkle 
 in the other substances in the form of powder, 
 so as to make a plaster. Ph, E,)' The saiire 
 properties as the last, but more energetic and 
 speedy in its action. 
 
 Emplastbum Meloes Vesicatorii, E. lytts 
 — e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lyttae coinp.— 
 e. Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althaBa-»-e. 
 Nigrum, of Augsburg, see Magnet. 
 
 Emplastrum Nobimbebgen'se, E. ex ox'ido 
 phimbiriibro camphora'tum,Bmpldtrede Nurem- 
 berg, Nttremberg plaster. (Oxid. plumb, rubr.]!. 
 300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aqua:, q. s. Boil until the 
 oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re- 
 
EMPLASTR[JM NYGMATICUM 
 
 307 
 
 EMPTOICA 
 
 move the vessel from the fire and add, yellow 
 wax, p. 500. Put the vessel again on the fire, 
 aiid after the wax is melted, add, before it con- 
 geals, tamphor, p. 24 : rtilx. Ph. P.) It is con- 
 sidered a desiccative, and has been employed in 
 gangrene. 
 
 Emplastrum Ntgmaticum, J;. resinae. 
 
 Emplasteum Opii, O'pmm Plaster. (Opii in 
 pulv. ^^ij, Picis abiet. §iij ; emplastr. ptiimbi ffij, 
 aq. bullient. f. giv. Melt together the lead 
 plaster and Burgundy pitch ; then add the opium 
 previously mixSd with the water, and boil over 
 a gentle fire to the proper consistence. — Ph. 
 XT. S.) It is employed as an anodyne, and to 
 give support. 
 
 pittPLASTRTjM Ox'iDi Feeei Rubei, E. Ferri 
 rubri, E. Rob' orans^ Plaster of red oadde of iron, 
 Strength' ening plaster. {Empl. oayid. plumb, 
 semivitr. p. xxiv, resinse pin. p. vi, cersB fla'iiSF, 
 olei olex Europ. sing. p. nj,'oxidi ferri rubr. p 
 viij. Rub the red oxide- of iron with the oil, 
 ■and add the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) 
 It is employed as a strehgthpning plaster. 
 
 Emplastrum ex Oxido plumbi semiviteeo, 
 E. plumbi — e. Oxidi plumbi setnivitrei, E. 
 plumbi — e. Oxidi plumbi- semivitrei gummo- 
 sum, E. gummosum. 
 
 Emplastrum Phcenioeum, Biapalnia — e. ex 
 Oxido plumbi rubro composituip,'E. Norimber- 
 gense. 
 
 Emplasteum Picis Compos'itum, E. pieis 
 Burgun'dicae, E. cephal'icum, Cepkal'ic plaster, 
 Compound pitch plaster. (^Picis arid. Ibij, 
 abietis resirise Ibj, resifix flavae, cerse flavse, 
 iia §iv, mtyrist. ol7~'^\, ol. oliv. aqua, ai. f. ,f ij. 
 To the pitch, resin, and wax,;melted together, 
 add the other matters and mii. Ph. L.) It is 
 stimulant and rubefacient. Sometimes used in 
 headache, — applied to the templesj 
 
 Emplastrum de. Pioe et Resi'mis Glu'ti- 
 MANS, EJ Andrea de Cruce, Empldtre d' Andre 
 de ta Croix, E. collant de poix et de resines. 
 Adhesive plaster of pitch and resins. {Picis 
 albcE, p. 128-, resin elemi p. 32, terebinth, p^tr. 
 p. 16, ol. laur. p.- 16. Melt with a gentle heat, 
 and pass through linen. Ph. P.) Used in con- 
 tusions and fractures as a support. 
 
 Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lythar'gyri, E. com- 
 mat'ni, E. diach-yhirri', E. ox'.idi plumbi semivi'- 
 trei, E. ex ox'ido plumbi semivi'treo, Diach'- 
 i/lon simplex, White Diach'ylon, Lead plaster, 
 Diach'ylon plaster. {Plttmbi oxid. semivitr. 
 in pulv. 16v, olei oliv., Oviij, aqua Oij. Boil 
 together, over a slow fire, stirring constuntly 
 until the pil and o*ide of lead cohere. Ph. U.S!) 
 
 Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinas. 
 
 Emplastrum Resi'N2e, E. adhmsi'vunt, E. 
 Hthar'gyri cum resi'nd, E. resino' item, E. nyg- 
 mat'icum. Resin plaster, Adhe'sive or Sticking 
 plaster, Emplastrum commu'ni cwm resi'nd, E. 
 Pplych?es'tum, E. lithargyr'icvm ctim resi'nd 
 pini. -{Resin. Jlav. ffiss, emp. plwmb. feiij. 
 Melt the plaster, with a gentle heat, add . the 
 resin, . tod Irfix. Ph. V. S.) Employed in 
 wound's and ulcers. 
 
 Emplasteum Resinosum, E. Resinas — e. Ro- 
 borans, E. Ferri (Ph. 17. S.), E. oxidi ferri ruhri 
 — e. Rubefians, E. lyttae. 
 
 Emplasteum Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum,Soap 
 plaster. {Saponis concis. ttiss, etnplast. plumb. 
 Jtsii j . Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and 
 boil to a proper consistence. Ph.U.S.) It is a 
 mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, &c. 
 
 Emplasteum Simplex', E. cerafe — e. Sperma- 
 tis celi, Ceratum cetacei. 
 
 Emplastrum Thueis, Frdnh'incense plaster. 
 {Emp. lithargyri, fbii, thuris, ffiss, oxid. ferri. 
 'rubr. _^iij. Ph. D.,) Use :^-the same , as t^e 
 plaster of red oxide of iron. 
 
 EmplasteuiA Ves'ioatorium, Blister, E. lyttae 
 -^e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E.hy- 
 drargyri compositum. 
 
 E'MPLATRE, Emplastrum—*. d'AndrS dt 
 la Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis gluti- - 
 nans — e. de Gigii'e, Emplastrum cicuta; — e. Col- 
 lant de poiic et de resines', Emplastrum de pice 
 "et resinis glutinans — e. de Gomme resine, Em- 
 plastrum cum gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg, 
 Emplastrum Norimbergense. 
 
 EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus. 
 
 EMPJJEUMATOSISj Emphysema, Inspira- 
 tion. ' 
 
 EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning. 
 
 EMPO'RIUM, tfiirogiov, {c/i oi'£i',and reogo;,) 
 'a market or depot.' The braih was so called, 
 of old, because there all the mental afl^irs are 
 transacted. i 
 
 Empoeium Spirituum, Sensorium. 
 
 EMPOSIS, Imbibition. n 
 
 EMPEEINTE; Impression. 
 
 EMPRESIS, Empresma. 
 
 EMPRES'MA, Empres'mmt, Empre'sisjftom 
 itiLT{jrida, 'I burn internally.' . Inflamnaation. 
 Phlegma'tise mem.brano'sts et parenehymato'sa^ 
 Phlogis'iici, Febres continuce infioTn^c^to'ria, 
 Injlamfnatio inter'na, Gau'ma, Tnier'naZ iyiflam- 
 mation. A genus in the class hsematica, oi'de^r 
 phfogotica, of Good. 
 
 Empeesma BRONOH.iTis,,Cynanche trachealis 
 — e. Bronehlemmitisj Cynanche traphealis — e. 
 Carditis, Carditis — *. Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. 
 Cystitis, 'Cystitis— e. Enteritis, Enteritis— ^e. 
 Gastritis, Gastritis — e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — e. 
 Hysteritis, Metritis — e. Nephritis, Nephritis — 
 e. Orchitis, Hernia humoralis — e. Otitis, Otitis 
 — e. Paristhmitis, Cynanche-^e- Paris^mitis. 
 tonsillaris maligna, Cynanche maligna — e. Pa- 
 risthmitis pharyngea, Cynanchfe parotidaea — e. 
 Paristhmitis tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — 
 e. Parotitis, Cynanche) parotidaea — e. Peritonitis, 
 Peritonltis^e. Peritonitis me?enterica, Mesen- 
 teritis — e. Peritonitis omentalis, Epiploitrs — e. 
 Picis cum Cantharfde, E. calefaciens — e.-Pleu- 
 ritis, Pleuritis — e. Pleuritis diaphragmatica, Di- 
 aphragmitis — e. Pneumonitis, Pneumonia — e. 
 Splenitis, Splenitis. 
 
 EMPRESMUS, Empresma. 
 
 EM'PRION, from't», and a-pimr, ,'a saw,' 
 'serrated.' Galen has givein this name to the 
 pulse, when the sensation produced Jjy the 
 artery under the fingers is analogous to that 
 which would be caused by the unequal teeth of 
 a saw. 
 
 EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis. 
 
 EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, 
 Enta'sia tet'anus anti'cusj Tetanus anticus, 
 from c/iiirgoa-&cv, 'forwards,' and Tiii-ai, 'I 
 stretch,' ' I extend.' A variety of tetanus, in 
 which the body is drawn forwards by the per- 
 manent contraction of the muscles. 
 
 EMPSYCHO'SIS, frpm t^y/u;y«4,, {cv, and 
 i^ujf i;, ' life,') ' I animate,' ' I vivify.' A word 
 formerly used for the act of animating. The 
 union of the soul with the body. 
 
 EMPTOE, Haemoptysis. 
 
 EMPTOICA PASSIO, Hemoptysis. 
 
EMPTYSIS 
 
 308 
 
 EMULSION 
 
 EMPTYSIS, HaBmoptysis. 
 
 EMPTYSMA, Sputum. . 
 
 EMPYE, Empyema.^ 
 
 EMPYE'MA, Empy^sis, E.m[py,i, from t», 
 * in,' and Tiu&r, ' pus,' Aposte'7na^mpye''nia-v A 
 collection of blood or pus, and, conventionally, 
 of other fluid, in some, cavity of the body, and 
 particularly in that of the pleura. Empyejna 
 is one of the terminations of inflammation of 
 the pleura, a.nd is called, also, Pyotho'rax i)erui>, 
 J^leurorrkm'a purulen'ta,^ I)iapy6'ma, ' Ecpye!- 
 7na, Ecpye' sisyEmpye' sis pec'ioris, Fyp'sis pee'-r 
 toris, Hydrotkoyax puruleh'tus, VyspniB'a pyo- 
 tfyorac"ica) l^newmo'w.a s-uppurato'ria, Ahsce's'- 
 sus p'ec'toris. A, Thora'cis., Pleuraposte'Ttia^ 
 Pleuropye'sis, (F.) Pyopleurite, The opera- 
 tion for empyema properly means the making 
 of an opening into the thorax fox the pjirpose 
 of giving issue tp the matter collected in the 
 cavity of the pleura, although it has been' used 
 for the operation required for the evacuation of 
 any fluid from the- chest, or synonymously with 
 Paracentesis thoracis.- ■ 
 
 EMPYE'SIS; same etymon. Suppuration. 
 An eruption of phlegmonous pimple's, gradu- 
 ally filling vifith a purulent fluid, and termi- 
 nating in thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or 
 scabs. Pus'tulous Exan'them. A genuS in 
 the order Exanthematica, class Htsmatica of 
 Good. See Empyema. 
 
 Empyesis Oculi, Hypopyon — e. Pectoris, 
 Empyema — e. Variola, Variola. 
 
 EMPYMELlUM POLYSARCIA, Polysar- 
 cia adiposa. 
 
 EMPYOCE'LE, from iv, ' in,' irutv, ' pus,' 
 snixriiti, ' tumour,' ' hernia.' A tumour, form- 
 ed by an aecumula,tion of pijs in the' scrotum. 
 Different diseases have been described under 
 this name, such as suppuration of the testicle, 
 empyema of- the tunica, vaginalis, accumulation 
 of pus in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses 
 ofdifierent kinds formed in the cellular texture 
 of the scrotum, &ci 
 
 ■ EMPYOM'PHALUS, from «-, 'in,' ^v<:,, 
 'pus,' and o/i^nho!,, 'the navel.' This word 
 has been used to designate a suppurating tu- 
 mour at the umbilicus ;. or, at times, umbilical 
 hernia, the sac of which is filled with blood. 
 
 EMPYOS, Purulent. 
 
 EMPYREU'MAjfrom f/aWQiia-, C", and wq, 
 ' fire,') ' I kindle.' The burnt smell and.aqrid 
 taste, which volatile products^gaseous and li- 
 quid — contract, when anirnal or vegetable sub- 
 stances are decomposed with a strong heat. 
 The cause of this -smell is seated in an oil, call- 
 ed empyreumat'ic, which does not exist in the 
 substance subjected to the operation, but is the 
 result pf its decomposition. If the empyreuma 
 occurs when the organic substance is placed in 
 a still with a liquid, it is owing to the solid 
 matter touching the bottom of the vessel to 
 which the fire is applied. 
 
 EMP YREUMAT'IG, Empyreumdt'icus ; 
 same etymon. Belonging to empyreuma, — as 
 an empyre7im.dtic odour. 
 
 EM'PYROS, Fehr,ic'!itans, from sruj, 'fire or 
 fever.' One who has fever. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EMS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cele- 
 brated springs on the river Lahn/ duchy of 
 Nassau. They are thermal (from 83 to 115° 
 Fahr.,) and carbonated salines, Containing car- 
 bonic acid, bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of 
 
 sodium ; and are ipuch used in gastric and in- 
 testinal affections, &c. 
 
 EMUL'GENT,.B»JM/'ge»«,frome«i«/g-er«,((!, 
 and mulgefe,) ' to milk out,' ' to djaw out.' A 
 name- given to the renal artery and vein, be- 
 cause the ancients ima^ned they milked, as it 
 were, the urine through the kidneys. See Re- 
 nal. 
 
 EMUL'SIO, i'mM^'sVoK,- same etymon, A 
 pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-white 
 opake appearance, which is composed of .oil, 
 divided and held in suspension in water by 
 means of mucilage; Emulsions have been di- 
 vided into the true and oily^ and into the false 
 or not oily; tHe latter' being composed of re- 
 sinous substances, balsams, or camphor, j:ub- 
 bed up with dilute alcohol, mucilage, or yolfc 
 of egg. ■ , . - 
 
 Emulsio Aca'ci^k Abab'ic-;e, Emul'sio 
 Arab'iea ; Gum Ar'abic Emtfl'sion. (Nuclear 
 amygd. comm. ^j, aqu(B Ve\}Si, mucitug, pcac, 
 .^iu sacch. gi'E. While beating the decoMi.. 
 cated almonds with the sugar and vvater, add 
 the mucilage .-^PA. E.) Used ix\ the same 
 cases as the last. ■ i, - 
 
 'EmvL&io AMYe'j>Ahx,Ldb amyg'.dala,Eiiml'r 
 sio simplex. Amygdala! tuiiij Mistu'rp. am^gda~ 
 Ice, Emulsio sive Lac ATnygdala'rwmy Almond 
 Emulsion, Almond MM, (F.) liait d'amandes, 
 (A'fftygdaL dulc. ,^ss; Acacia, in pulv.,^s; 
 Saechar. ^iy, Aguce destillat.f. ^viij. Mace- 
 rate the almonds in water, and havjng removed 
 their external coat, beat them with the gum 
 Arabic and sugar, in a marble mortar, till they 
 are thoroughly iriixed:' then rub the mixture 
 with the distilled water gradually added, and 
 strain.— Ph. U. S.) It is used as a diluent and 
 demulcent. 
 
 Emulsio ANTiHYSTEBjCA,Mistura asafoetidae 
 — e. Arabica, Ehiulsio acaciae Arabicae. 
 
 Emulsio Cam'phoe^k, E. Camphora'to, Mis- 
 tu'ra CaTnphorce ; CaTnphor Emulsion. (Cam- 
 pKorfz 9j, a/mygd. com>. dfecortic, sacch. dur..; aa 
 ,^iv, aqua ^vj.-r-Ph. E.) A convenient (oira 
 for- giving camphor. 
 
 Emulsio Guaiacin'a, Mistura guaiaci--e. Le- 
 niens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 EiiiuLsio 0'j.Ei Amtgdala'eum; Emulsion of 
 Oil..of Almonds ,{Ol. amygd. ^j, gitm acac. 
 pulv. gij, syrup. _^j, aqv.csdestill. giv. Mix.) A 
 good pectoral or cough mixture. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei Rio"ini ; Castor Oil Emulsion 
 (Ol. ricini '^s,Sy vitelli ovi q. 3.,aquade'stiUi^' 
 jj.) An aperient draught. 
 
 Emulsio O'lei TEREBiN'TttiNffi; Emilsiopof 
 Oil, of Tur' pentine, ( Ol. tereb. ,rect. ^ij, sa,ech. 
 alb. ,^ss, vitell. ovi jj 'emzUs. amygd. vel aqua 
 destillat. § vj. Mix.) In rheumatic and nephri- 
 tic aflfections. Dose f. ,^iss. 
 
 Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovp. 
 
 Emulsio Pukgans - cum jALA'piE- Resj'na, 
 Purging Emulsion loith Resin of Jalap,. ■ {Jc'' 
 lapeg resin, gr. xij. sacc/i. alb. ^ij. Triturate 
 for some time, and add gradually half the yolt 
 of an egg : continue to triturate, adding by de- 
 grees emuls. simpl. §v, aq. Jlor. aurant. gij-— 
 Ph. P.) 
 
 Emulsio PuRGANS CUM Scammo'nio; Purging ■■ 
 Emulsion with Scammony, It is prepared 
 like the preceding, substituting only Scammony 
 for the jalap. 
 
 Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdalse. 
 
 EMULSION, Emulsio— e. Almond, Emulsio 
 
EMULSIVE 
 
 309 
 
 encephalocelE 
 
 amygdali — e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphorae-^ 
 e. Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum 
 Arabic, Emulsio acacisB Arabicse — e. Huihuse, 
 Looch ex ovq— e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio 
 olei. amygdalarum — e. of Oil of turpentine, 
 Emulsio olei terebinthinse-^e. Purging with 
 resin of jalap, EmUlsiO purgans cum jalapae re- 
 sina — e. Purging, with scammony, Emulsio 
 purgans cum scatamonio. 
 
 EMDL'SIVE, EmuUi'vus; same etymon. 
 An epithet giveh to seeds whence oil may be 
 extracted by expression ; such as almonds, apri- 
 cots, peaches, hemp, rape, melons, ^gourds ; 
 those of the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous. and 
 cruciferous plants in general. " ' 
 
 EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory— e. Cerebri, 
 Nasus. . ' 
 
 EMUNCTORY, Emuncto'xi'um, from emun- 
 gere, (e and mungere,) ' todrain off,' ' to cleanse.' 
 Emiasa'rpum, (F.) ^moTictoire, Rndssaire 
 Any organ whose office it is to give issue to 
 mattei-s which ought to be ■ excreted. The an- 
 cients believed that some organs were more 
 particularly destined to serve as emunctories of 
 others : the nasal fossae, for example, they be 
 lieved to be the emunctories of the brain. 
 
 EMUNDANTIA, Detergents. 
 
 EMTS PALUS'TRIS, Suit Water Ter'rapin 
 This species of turtle is found exclusively in 
 salt or brackish waters,- near the sea shore^ 
 along the whole' Atlantic cpast. It is much 
 prized- by the epicure; and is nutritious and 
 tolerably easy of digestion when dressed plain 
 
 EN, see Em. 
 
 ENADELPHIA, Emboitement. 
 
 ENjEMA, H*m6s.tatiea. 
 
 EN^MON, Styptic. 
 
 EN^^ORE'MA, from sv, ' ^n,' and 0109*0, 
 ' I lift up,' ' that whick. hangs or floats in.' 
 The Nepk'ele,- JVnbes, S-uhliTnatnen'tutn, Subli^ 
 m-a'tiOf'Subli'me, Suspen'suTtif- S. TJri'ncB, Sus- 
 pen'sa, Nubec'ula at cloud, which is suspended 
 in the urine as it cools. 
 
 ENAM'EL OF THE TE^TH, Den'.tium 
 N'itor, Cortex, Cortex stria'ta, Sub-^tan'tia Jila- 
 mento'sa of Malpighi, S. Adaman'tina den'tium, 
 Criista Den'tiutn adaman'tina. The substance 
 which covers the coronaeof the teeth, and 
 which has, also, bfeen called the vitreous sub- 
 stance,Swbstan'tiavit'rea, (F.) Substance vitree 
 OM emuilHe, imail des Dents. The enamel is 
 of a milky-white colour, and sufficiently hard 
 to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very 
 smooth and polished, and it forms a thicker 
 layer towards the part where the teeth come 
 in contact, and becomes thinner towards the 
 celrvix. ' The fibres of the enamel are perpen- 
 dicular to the surface of the teeth, on the ivory 
 of which they seeni, as it were, planted. This 
 gives them a velvety appearance; when Exa- 
 mined by the microscope. ,The enainel has no 
 blood vessels, and is not renewed when remo.ved. 
 It is formed of phosphate of lime, and a very 
 small portion of animal matter. 
 
 ENANTHE'MA, same etymon as the next. 
 A name recently given to certain eruptions of 
 the mucous membrane, as' exanthema is to cer- 
 tain eruptions of the skin. 
 
 ENANTHE'SIS, from ev, ' in,' and tt»w, ' I 
 flourish.' Rash exan'them. Eruption of red, 
 level or nearly level patches, variously figured, 
 irregularly diffused, often confluent, and termi- 
 nating in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in 
 
 the order Exanthemhtica, ("lass Hamatica Of 
 Cullen, including scarlet fever, measles, &c. 
 
 Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urtica- 
 ria, Urticaria. 
 
 ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative. 
 
 ■^ENARTHRO'SIS, Ina^Hcula'tio, Ball amd 
 Soclcet-joint, from fr, ' in,' and ugdfxoit, 'an ar- 
 ticulation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, 
 in which the head ,of a bone is received into 
 the cavity of another, and can be moved in all 
 directions; The joint of the os femoris with 
 the os-innominatum is one of this character. 
 
 ENAR'THRUM, from er, ' in,' and uf^for, 'a 
 joint.' A foreign body in a joint. - 
 
 ENAUSMA, Fomites. 
 
 ENCAN'THIS, fr.om sr, ' in,' and nmdos, ' the 
 angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by an in- 
 crease in size, or a degeneration of the carun- 
 cula lachrymalis. Any morbid 'growth in the 
 inner angle' of the eye. ^ 
 
 Encanthis BenkJ'na. Simple excrescence of 
 the cariincula., It commonly yields to astringent 
 coUyria. 
 
 Ehoahthis Fungo'sa. A condition of the 
 semilunar iJjld and lachrymal caruncle, in which 
 they are the seat of morbid growths. 
 
 Emoanthis Inflammato'ria. Inflammation 
 with enlargement — swelling — of the semiluniar 
 fold and lachrymal caruncle. 
 
 Encanthis Malig'na has' often a cance];ous 
 character, and requires extirpation before it has 
 attained any considerable size. 
 
 ENCARPOS, Pregnant, 
 
 ENCASING, EmboUement. 
 ' ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy.' 
 
 ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pikm. With the 
 ancients Encatkis'ma, syxaSiir^u, meant a va- 
 pour bath taken sitting. , ' 
 - ENCAU'MA, from s7',)'in,' and x«uw, 'I- 
 burn.' Epicau'mis, Epicau'sis, Encau'sis. A 
 tumour produced by a burn. A burn. Also, 
 an ulcSer of the transparent cornea, occasioning 
 loss of the humours. — Aetius, Gorraeus. 
 
 ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion. 
 
 ENCAUSSE,, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Encausse is a village in the department of the 
 Haute^Garonne, which possesses several saline, 
 acidulous springs. 
 
 ENCAVURE, Argema. 
 
 £iVC£JiVi'£, Pregnant. 
 
 ENCENSj Juniperus lycia. 
 
 ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia— e, Hy- 
 dropica. Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHALIC, Encephal'inus, ibom ev, 
 'in,' and <Li<pth, 'the head.' That which is 
 situate in the head. A name given to several 
 parts' which relate to the encephalon, as the en- 
 qephalic Tneynbranes^initscles , &c. 
 ■ ENCEPHALI'TIS: same etymon. This 
 term has, been used, by some Nosologists, sy- 
 nonymously with Ce77^aft''tis and Phreni'tis. 
 By others, it has been appropriated to inflamma- 
 tion of the brain, in contradistinctipn to that of 
 the membranes. - 
 
 Encephalitis Exshdatoria, Hydrocephalus 
 internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus 
 •:— e. Insdlationis, Coup-de-soleil^e. Membia- 
 nosa, Meningitis — e. Peripherica, Meningitis— 
 e. Potatorum, Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from fyxttfaXr^r, < the 
 brain,' and >r>,\i;, ' a tumour.' Henna Cerebri, 
 Fungzts Cerebri, Craniocei:, Kerniai . tf the 
 
ENCEPHALOCHYSIS 
 
 310 
 
 ENCYMOSIA 
 
 Brain. This may be a congenital or accidental 
 affection. In the former, case, it is d,eperident 
 upon tardy ossification' of the fontanelles or 
 some faulty conformation. In the latter, it is 
 owing to some considerable loss of substance in 
 the parietes of the cranium, produced by frac- 
 tures, wounds with a cutting instrument, caties, 
 the application of the trephine, &c. In slight 
 congenital encephaloceje, gentle pressure may 
 be exerted upon the protruded portion. When 
 the disease is of considerable extent, it is fatal. 
 In accidental encephalocele, similar means 
 must be used for confining the tumour, and pre- 
 serving it from the action of external bodies. 
 
 ENCEPHALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 terhus — e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous; 
 
 ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 ENCEPHALOH^MIA, Cephalohaemia. . 
 
 ENGAFHAL0H£.MIB, Cbphaleemia. 
 
 ENCEPH'^LOID, Encephalo'ides , JCepk'- 
 aloid, Cepkaloides, Cepkalo'mai.from lyxcifalov, 
 ' the brain,' and siSaq, ' resemblance.' Laennec 
 has given theilerra Enceph'aloid or Cer'ebriform 
 matter to one of the morbid substances com- 
 monly formedby scirrhous oricanceroijgtiimours. 
 It is either encysted, in irregular masses with- 
 out cysts, or infiltrated into the. texture of the 
 (Useased oiigan. This name vifas given to it in 
 consequence of its resemblance, when fully de- 
 veloped, to the ■ medullary substance^ of the 
 brain. It is also called Fwiigua' tnedulla'ris, 
 F. Cancro'sus Tnedulla'ris, Sarcfi'ma'medulla're, 
 Spongoid ' injiar^/mation, FiimgiiS' cerebra'lis, 
 Cancbr-cerehrifor'mc, Cancer mollis', C. Medul- 
 la'ris, Carcino'ma medullaire, G. Spongio'su-m, 
 .Carci'nus sfongpo'sus, Mtjelo'tna, Myelomy' ces, 
 Myelosport'g'it'S i Tela dccidenta' lis ynedtdla'ris, 
 (F.) Mati^re cerebriformc, Carcinmne mou et 
 spongeux, Tumeur encephalo'ide, Fjyngu'smidul- 
 laire, CarcinSrne sanglante, Cancer m-ou; Milt- 
 li&e tumour, Med'ullary .sarcoma, Cel'lular 
 cancer. Fungoid disease, Hcematocerebriform 
 disease. See Cancer. 
 
 Encephaloid Tumour of t&k Lung, Phthi- 
 sis, cancerous. 
 
 ENCEPHALOLOG"IAi from syx«;)aios,' the 
 encephalon,' and ioyo?, ' a description.' A de- 
 scription of the encephalon. 
 
 ENCEPHAL0MALACIA,MoIlities cerebri. 
 
 ENCEPHALOMALAXIS,Mollities cerebri. 
 
 'ENCEPW AXdON ,Enceph' alum,Enceph'alus, 
 from cv, 'in,' and xtifaXi], 'the head.' That 
 which is situate in the head. This name has 
 generally been given to the brain, cerebellum, 
 and mesocepfialoTl. At times, it includes like- 
 wise the medulla spinalis, when it is also called 
 the Cer'ebro-spinal axis. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPATHI'A, froni tyzecoaJo?, 
 ' the encephalon,' and Ttoflos, ' disease.' A dis- 
 ease of the encephalon. 
 
 Encephalopaj-'hia Pueepeealis, MaUia, 
 puerperal— e. Saturnina, see Encephalopathie 
 
 ENCJiPHALOPATHIE CRAPTTLEUSE, 
 Delirium tremens. 
 
 ENGiPHALOPATHIE SATURNIN,E, 
 Encephalopathi'a Satur,ni'na, from .syzstpaAo?, 
 ' the.encephalon,' na6oc, 'disease,? and Saturnus, 
 ' lead.' Encephalic disorder occasioned by the 
 poison of lead. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Fhymato'ses 
 jeu Strumo'ses sen Tuber'cnla -cer'ebri. Tu- 
 bercles of the brain. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPHTHISIS, see Encephalo- 
 pyosis. 
 
 ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS, from eyxecp aloe, < the 
 brain,', and nvov, ' pus.' Aposte'm>a seu Ab- 
 sces'sus seu Helco'sis. cer'ebri. Suppuration of 
 the brain. When apcompanied with emaciation 
 and hectic, it is called Encephalophthi'sis. 
 
 ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy. 
 
 ENCPPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSEPSIS, MoUities cerebri. 
 ' ENCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepa- 
 toscirrhus. 
 
 ENCEPHALOSISMUS, Concussion of the 
 brain.i ' ' 
 
 ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydroce- 
 phalus internus. 
 
 ENCEPHALUM,Encaphalon. 
 
 .ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum. 
 ' ENCEROSIS, laceration. 
 
 ENCHARAXIS, Scarification. " 
 
 EiNCHEIRE'SIS,, Enchire'sist Enckei'na, 
 from sr, and ^cig, ' the hand.' Galen uses this 
 term as a part of the title to one of his worlds, 
 whichtreats of dissection. It means the manual, 
 treatment of any subject. 
 ' ENCHEIRIA, Encheiresis. 
 "ENCHIFR£:NEMENT. Coi-yza. 
 
 EnCHIRESIS, Encheiresis; ' . 
 
 ENCHONDROMA, Chondroma. 
 
 ENCHORIONOSUS, Endemic. ■ - 
 
 ENCHORIOS, Endemic. 
 
 ENCHRISTON, Liniment. 
 
 ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction. 
 
 ENCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora. 
 
 ENCHYMO'MA, Enchynrn'sis, from tr, and 
 XV", ' I pour.' By the ancients, this^word was 
 used'to designate the sudden effusion of blood 
 into the cutaneous vessels which arises from 
 joy, anger, or^harae; in the last instance con- 
 stituting blu&ing. It differs from enchymosis 
 in there being, in the latter, extravasation of 
 blood into the cellular texture, and its being 
 J)roduced by an external cause; a contusion, for 
 example. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ENCHYSIS, Infusion. 
 
 ENCLAV^E, Wedged. 
 
 ENCLAVEMENT,see Wedged. 
 
 ENCLUME, Incus. . ■''■.. 
 
 ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intus' fluc'tuams, from 
 tfxlviaxofiai, 'to float in.' Applied to liquids, 
 e. g. to serum, pus, , &c., contained in any 
 cavity. , ' 
 
 ENCLYSMA, Clyster,-Enema. 
 
 ENCCE'LIA, from tr, 'in,' and zoiJia, 'the 
 belly.' The abdominal viscera. The en- 
 trails. 
 
 ENCOELIALGIA, Tormina— e. Inflammato- 
 ria, Encoslitis. 
 
 ENCCELI'TIS, Encalii'tis, Ehealial'giaiH- 
 fianmiato'ria, Infiamma/tio abdomina'Us, from 
 tyxoiXia, ' the abdominal contents,' and itis, in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo- 
 minal Viscera. 
 
 ENCOLPIS'MUS, from ev, ' in,' and xoJnoc, 
 'the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any 
 thing into the vagina. 
 
 ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision. 
 
 ENCRANION, Cerebellum'. 
 
 ENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 ENCRE, Atramentum. 
 
 ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYMON, Pregnancy. 
 
 ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
ENCYSIS 
 
 311 
 
 ENDUIT 
 
 ENCYSIS, Pregnancy. 
 ENCYST'ED, C^sti'de obdui'tus, SaccaHus. 
 Enclosed in a kyst or cyst j from ev, ' in,' and 
 xi/OTie, 'bladder.' (E.) Enkyste. An epithet 
 given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid col- 
 lections enclosed in a particular envelope or 
 cyst. They are,mova,ble and often . elastic to 
 -the toU(;h. 
 
 ENCYS'TIS, Tumor tumca'tiiSf T. ci/'S'tiausi 
 Emphy'ma encys'tis. Sanae etymon. Lu'pia, 
 Glan'dula Avicen'nce,' Nodus. An encysted 
 tumour. 
 
 -ENDAN'GIUM; TptQj^T\% Endangi'on, from 
 tiJor,' witbin,' and ayyeiov, 'a vessel.' The 
 serous or lining membrane of vessels. 
 
 ENDEICTICOS, Jndicaftt. 
 
 ENDEIXIOL"OGY, Mndeixiolog'^ia, from 
 ttSa^ii:, 'indication,' and ioyis, 'a discourse.' 
 The doctrine of indications. 
 
 ENDEIXIS, Indicaticjn. 
 
 ENDEMIA, Endemic. 
 
 END'EM'lCjEndem'ical, Ende'mia, Regio- 
 na'lis morbus, Endem'icuS) from «!■, ' in,' and 
 ^»;j«ocy ' the people;' Encho'riosj Enckorion'- 
 o^us, Vernac'ulus seu endsmius mor'bus^ En- 
 demy. A disease is said to be endemic or to 
 arise from endemie"ity,(¥.) emlemii ite, wheii it is 
 owing to some peculiarity in a situation or local- 
 ity. Thus,,ague is endemic in marshy countries ; 
 . goitre at the base of lofty mountains, &c. 
 Some authors use the term in the same sense 
 as epidemic. We have no accurate knowledge 
 of the emanations or other circumstances, 
 which giye occasion to endemic affections. We 
 seem to know that some emanation from marshy 
 lands does produce intermittent; but we are 
 ignorant of the nature of such emanation. 
 
 ENDEMlCITJi, see Eijdettiic. 
 
 ENDEMIOL'OGY, Ende.miolog'ia, from ev- 
 ii!fuit, ' an ectdemic,' and loyos, ' a discourse.' 
 The doctrine of endemic diseases. ' 
 
 ENDEMY, Endemic. 
 
 ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium. , 
 
 ENDER'MIC, Ender'micus, Endermot'icus, 
 Emplas'trQ-evdertn'ic, from ev, 'in,' and tTc^^a,' 
 ' the skin.' An epithet given to the method of 
 treating diseases by placing the therapeutical 
 agent in contact with the skin, especially after 
 the cuticle has been removed; Endtrmism^, 
 Endermis'muSf Endermo\ns, Metk'odus ender'- 
 mdca . seu endermat'ica. ^Morphia, strychnia, 
 &c., are often administered in this way. 
 
 ENDERMIS, see Endermic. 
 
 ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic. 
 
 ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic, 
 
 EN'BESlS, from i», ' in,' and dm, ' I bind.' 
 A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates 
 has so termed the ankle-joint. 
 
 ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia— e. Wild, Ci- 
 chorium intybus. 
 
 ENDIVIA, Okhorium endivia. 
 
 ENDIXIS, Indication. 
 
 ENDQ, from 'eri5ot, 'within.' A common 
 prefix, as in the following terms : 
 
 ENDO-AORTI'tlS, from uSov, ' within,' and 
 tcortitis, 'inflammation of the aorta.' J Inflam- 
 mation of the lining membrane of the aorta. 
 
 ENDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 
 ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocar'dial, Endqcar- 
 
 di'acus: same etymon as the next. Relating 
 
 to the endocardium ; as ' endocardiac sound or 
 
 murmur,' — a sound produced within the cavi- 
 
 ■ ties of the heart, in contradistinction to ezocar- 
 
 diae, or exocardial sounds or murmurs, which 
 are induceil by Conditions of the external sur- 
 face of the organ. 
 
 ENDOCARDI'TIS, Cardi'tis inter'na, Jn- 
 Jlamma'tio superJio'Hei inter'na cordis, Inter'nal 
 Carditis, Injlawmation of the internal mem- 
 brane of the heart, from Endocard'ium, the 
 lining ruembfane of the heart, and itis, inflam- 
 inatlon. Inflammation of the lining membrane 
 of the heart. In this disease, the heart's action 
 IS visibly increased, arid very manifest to the 
 touch; the hand is strongly repelled, and, at 
 moments-, is sensible of a trembling vibratory 
 motion. Percussion gives a dull' sound over a 
 surface of several inches, owing; according to 
 Bouillaud, to the inflammatory itufgescence of 
 the heart, and the engorged state of its cavities. 
 On auscultation, a bruit de souffiet is generally 
 heard, masking one or both sounds of the heart ; 
 and the ear is sensible of a metallic ringing 
 with each systole of the ventricle. The pulsa- 
 tions are rapid as well as stropg, and, with few 
 exceptions, irregular, unequal and intermittent. 
 The pulse,T)y the way, ..does, not alwaj's indi- 
 cate the forte or number of tte heart's contrac- 
 tions'. ' ' 
 
 ENDOCAR'piUM, from swJow, ' within,' and 
 
 xa{<f>fi, 'the heart.' The membrane that lines 
 the interior of the heart. 
 
 ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery. 
 
 ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) Infia/thmation de la 
 Pulpe dentaire,l?ijlammatiun of the Dentalmem- 
 hrane, from eitfpr, 'within,' ohv, ' a tooth,' and 
 itisj denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the lining membrane of a tooth. 
 
 ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 . ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastri'tis ; from iv- 
 tot, ' within,' a:nd gastritis, ' inflammation of 
 the stomach.' Inflamnnation of the lining meni- 
 brane of the stomach. 
 
 ENDOLYMPH, Vitrine auditive. 
 
 ENDOMETlRI'TI S, from i,Sov, ' within,' and 
 «»etM*ij, -'inflammation of the uterus.' In- 
 flammation of the lining membrane of the uterus. 
 
 ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
 
 ENCOSIS, Remission. 
 
 ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 ENDOSMOSE, I^bibi"tiou, from ttSov, 
 ' within^' and a^iLot, ' impulse.' A term used 
 by Dutrochet, to\ express the action by which 
 fluids pass .through organicr'membranes. This 
 is. done by the porosity of the tissue, in the same 
 manner as it is effected through inorganic sub- 
 stances, as through fissured glass. The rapidity 
 with which jt is accomplished varies according 
 to the nature of the septum or tissue of the 
 penetrating bijdy, and to the penetrability of 
 the tissue. 
 
 . E^[}0&MOTlC,Endosmot'ims; same ety- 
 mon. Belonging to endosmose : — as an ' endoi- 
 motic current.' 
 
 ENDOSTEI'TIS,from et Jov, ' within,' c^TMr, 
 ' a bone,' and I'tii,, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the internal periosteum. 
 
 ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane. 
 < ENDOiJTERITIS, see Metritis. 
 
 ENDTJIT (F.), from induere, ' to put upon,' 
 '-to put on.' A coat; a. fur. This term is often 
 applied to a layer of greater or less thickness 
 which covers the surface of certain organs, and 
 particularly of the tongue arid interior of the 
 mouth. The enduit is designated variously, ac- 
 cording to its appearance, — enduit bilievx,fauna, 
 
ENDUIT CHOS.OIDIEN 
 
 313 
 
 ENNEAPHARMACOS 
 
 blanCj he'. — a bihous, yellow, white coat ot fiir, 
 &c. It is at times owing to the evaporation Of 
 the watery portions of the secretions ; at others 
 to a morbid condition of the secretions ;— gene- 
 rally, to both causes combined. 
 
 ENDUIT CHOROWIEN, see Choiiid. 
 
 ENDURCISSEMENT, Induration— e. dn 
 Cerveau, Sclerencephalia— ^. Rougi, see Hepa- 
 tization — e. du C(Bur, Cardiosclerosie — e,, du 
 Tissii ce//2(7ffiire, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 ENECHliMA, Tinnitus aurium.' ■ 
 
 ENKCIA, Synocha^ — e. CaumS,, Synocha — e. 
 Synochus Puerperaruto, see Peritonitis — e. Sy- 
 nochus, Synochus. 
 
 "EN'EMA, from evirint, (sp, and iijjii,) 'tp in- 
 ject.' Qlysma, Glysmus, Enclys'ma, liavamen'- 
 tum, Lo'tio. An Injection, Clyster, (F.) Cly^s- 
 tire, Lavement. A well known form of con- 
 veying medicine into the intestinal c^nal. See 
 Clyster. 
 
 Enema Anod'yntjm, Enema O'pii; An'odyne 
 Clyster, Starch and O'piwm Clyster. . (Gelat. 
 amyli Oss, tinct. opii g"< 40 vel 60,) Exhibited 
 in cases cff severe diarrhcea or dysentery. 
 
 Enema Cathae'ticum; Purging Clyster. 
 (^ManncB'^'^,decoiit. ckarnxm. conip.^x.oleioliv. 
 ^j, sulph. magpies. §ss. Ph. D.) 
 
 Enema Gommu'ne ; Common Clyster, Domes'' 
 tic Clyster.. {Water gruel or Tnoldsses and mater 
 Oss or Oj J add a little oil or lard, and a spoonful 
 of cornmon salt.) Given as a cathartic enerna; 
 and, without the common salt, as an emollient. 
 
 Enema Fcet'idum, Fttid Clyster; Mis'tura 
 asafcet'idae pro clys'matS, Clysma ton'icumi et 
 antis'pasmod'icum seu in'citans et sedans, (F.) 
 Davem.ent antispasmodigite. {The last with the 
 addition of^i] of the tincture ofasafoetida. Ph. 
 D.) Givpn as an antispasmodic and anodyne. 
 
 Enema Nicotia'h;e ; Tubac'co Clyster. This 
 generally consists of from half a pint to a pint 
 of the Infusum Tabaci. It is employed in cases 
 of strangulated hernia ; but occasionally acts 
 as a fatal poison when given in this way. The 
 smoke of tobacco is sometimes tfirown up the 
 rectum, to produce the same medicinal effects 
 as the infusion. 
 
 Enema Opii, E. anodySum. 
 
 'Enema Teeebin'thin;e ; Tur'pentine Clyster. 
 {.Ol.tereb. f. .^iij, gruel Oss, one. yolk af egg. 
 Incorporate the turpentine with the- yolk; then 
 add the gruel.) To be administered in cases of 
 ascarides, (pxyures.') 
 
 ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'micus, from iv, 
 'in,' f^i, 'upon,' and (5f g^» ,, ' ijie skin.' An 
 epithet given to the method-of treating diseases, 
 which consists in the application of medicines ; 
 as plasters, blisters, &c., to the skitf. 
 
 ENEREISIS, Compression. 
 
 ENERGIA, Action, Force. 
 
 EN'ERGY, Energi'a, from eiisjysm, (ev, and 
 t^yov, 'action.') 'I act.' Action. Acting power. 
 Also, vigour; as the 'muscular energy;' the 
 ' brain acts with- energy .' 
 
 ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation. 
 
 ENERVATION, Enerva'tio, froni e, 'out of,' 
 and nervi, ' strength.' The act of weakening — 
 the state of being weakened. See .Debility. 
 
 ENERVATIONES TENDINE^E, Inscrip- 
 tiones tendinese musculorum. 
 
 ENERVITAS, Inertia. 
 
 ENFAJSfCE, Infancy. ' 
 
 .ENFANT, Infans — e. Legitime, see Legiti- 
 {nate. 
 
 ENFLURE, Swelling, (Edema-^e. dei 
 iTa/mbes et des cuisses 'de la femrm accouchee, 
 Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ENFONCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Sea- 
 phoides ffls^a. ■ \ 
 
 ENGASTERION, Laboratory. 
 
 ENGASTRIMYTHUS,E«^/o«og-8»'sor,Go*. 
 tril'ogaus, Ventril'oquus;Gastril'oqmst, Eu'ry- 
 fles, Eurycii'tus, Ejiterdman'tis, Gastroman'tis, 
 from £V, 'in,' yixaij;^, ' the belly,' a,niuv9co/iui, 
 ' I discourse.' A Ventril'oqui'st. (F.) Vevtrih- 
 que, Gastriloque. One -yvho possesses the art 
 of modifying his natural voice, so that it seems 
 to come from a greater or less distanoe, and 
 from different directions. - It was formerly be- 
 lieved that such persons spoke from their'belly | 
 hence their name. It is an imitative art, and 
 is, called Ventriloquism. 
 
 ENGEISOMA, Engisoma. 
 
 ENGELURE, Chilblain. 
 
 ENGHIEN MONTMORENCY, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. A hydrosulphuraiig water four 
 leagdes from Paris, near Montmorency, which 
 is possessed of some celebrity. It contains 
 chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sul- 
 phate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate 
 of magnesia, carbonate of lime, silica, sulpha- 
 Aydrate of lime and magnesia, sulphohydric 
 acid, carbonic acid and azote. 
 
 ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma, Engino'ma, bom 
 tyyaoi, 'I approximate.' (¥.) Embarrun.- A 
 species of fractilre of the skull, in whicha splin- 
 ter-passes beneath the sound portion of the'bone, 
 and compresses the brain. — Galen. Also, a kind 
 of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. 
 
 ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis. 
 
 ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastwrnythos. 
 
 ENGOMPHOSIS, Goinphosis. 
 
 ENGORGEMENT, froni en, 'iu,' mi gorgt, 
 'Ijie throat.' An obstruction occurring in the 
 vessels of a part, giving rise to augmefitatioS 
 of volume. Congestion. "" 
 
 ENGORGEMENT DES MEMBRES 
 ABDOMlNAXrX.A LA SUITE 'DES 
 COUCHES, Phlegmasia dplens^e. Hepatic, 
 Hepatohsmia — e. Laite\ix des membres abdomi- 
 naux, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ENGdUEMENT (F.), Obsttuc'tio,IneT'tia, 
 from- angere, ' tq chokp.' Accumufatioff in a 
 hollow or^gari, of the matters secreted by it or 
 carried into it. There is said to be Engoiiemenf 
 des bronches, when the mucus accumulates in 
 the bronchia; and EngoUement des infeslins, 
 vvhen the matters which ought to pass throngh 
 the intestines are detained; as in a case of stran- 
 gulated hernia. 
 
 ENGOUEMENT des POUMOm,E.of 
 the lungs, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that 
 slate of the lungs^ in which a mixture of air and 
 thin fluid escapes from them when cut into. 
 
 ENGOURDTSSEMENT, Torpor.' '. 
 
 ENGRENURE, Suture. 
 
 ENHjEMATOSIS, Ifematosis.' 
 
 ENIXA, Puerpera. 
 
 ENIXIO FCETUS, parturition. 
 
 ENIXUS FCETUS, Parturition. 
 
 ENKTSte, Encysted. 
 
 ENKTSTEMENT, Chatonnement. 
 
 ENNEAPHAR'MACOS, from hum, 'nine,' 
 and qjap^Kixor, 'a medicine.' A medicine, com- 
 posed of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, 
 so formed. — Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otns He- 
 racli'dis, described by Galen, and some plasters 
 
ENORMON 
 
 313 
 
 ENTERITIS 
 
 By Aetins and .Celsus 'are, likewise, termed 
 Enneapharmaca. — GorjseuS. ' " 
 
 ENOR'jVtON, no^iiun ,Kormon; Im'petulrifa'- 
 eiens, from, svj'in,' and og^aa,-'I rousBj' 'ex- 
 cite.' A word used ty Hippocrates m the 
 same sense as vitcfl principle iS ty modern phy- 
 siologists. , *■ ; 
 
 ENOSIS, Insertion. ' 
 
 EXOSTOSIS, JEntosto'sisylTomtv, •in/ and 
 ooTsowj ' a tone.' A morbid growth of bone in- 
 wards — ^the opposite to exostosis. 
 
 fiNRHYTH'MOS, from tv, and gv^iioc, ' num- 
 ber.' Having rhythm. An epithet applied to 
 the pulse when its pulsptioY^ occur with some 
 degree of order.' -It' is opposed to" Aryth'mos, 
 and differs from Eurythmoa, which signifies 
 'regular.' , - 
 
 ENROXTEMENT, Raucedo. 
 
 ENS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this 
 term, the power exerted by certain beings 6n 
 our body. He speaks of ihs Ens D^, the E»s 
 Astro'TUni, the Ens iiMtura'le, the Ens virtu'tis. 
 Ens ■mbrho^rutn^ Ens de poten'tibus spirii'ihus, 
 &C. These absurd denominations Suggested to 
 some of the ancient chymists a nam^ for certain 
 chemical preparations. The muriate of ammo- 
 nia and iron was called E)is mortis ; the mu- 
 riate of ammonia aad copper, Ens veneris ; and 
 Ens primum was, with the alcl^ymists, the 
 nameof a tincture which they considered pos- 
 sessed of the power of transmuting metais. ' 
 
 Ehs MARrisjTerrum arnmoftiatum — e. Vene- 
 ris Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 EN'SIFORM, Ensifar'mis, ftom ensis, 'a 
 sword/ and /o)«ta, form.' Swol-d-like, 
 
 Ensi^^em A-Poph'ttses^ or Proc'Vsses ife 
 the lesser alae of the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Ensiform Appen'dix or Car'tilaoje is the 
 xiphoid a^endix of the sternum, &c. See Xi- 
 phoid. 
 
 ENSIFORMIS, Xiphoid. , 
 
 ENSI-STERNAL. Relating to the ensiform 
 process of the sternum.. BSclard gave this 
 name to the Uist osseous portion of the^terhum. 
 He also called it I'osultimi-stemdl. See Ulti- 
 mo-sternal. „ ' 
 
 ENSOMATOSIS, Intorporation. 
 
 ENSTALAX'IS, Instillation. 
 
 EN'STROPHE ; from ti, ' iiii'-and (rTp<pa, 'I 
 turn.' Inversjbn.of a part, as of tte eyelids. 
 
 ENTABLEMENT, Depression. 
 
 ENTAILLE (F.),frpm e«, ''in,' and tailler, 
 ' to cut.' • Excis'iOf Ec'eopi, Ea'tomB. , A deep 
 wound made by a sHkrp instrument obliquely. 
 EntaWes and Taillades, are, also, used to de- 
 signate deep siarifications, made for the pur- 
 pose of producing a speedy iegorgement of Say 
 tumefied part; such, fo'r example, as are made 
 in the tongue in certain cases of glossitis. 
 
 ENT ANTHEMA, Eisanthema. 
 
 ECTASIA, Tonic' spasm-- e. Articnlaris, 
 Confractura-^e, Loxia, ToJticoUis — e. Priapis- 
 musj Friapismus — e. Systremma, Cramp— e. 
 Tetanus, Tetanus^-e. Tetanus anticus, Empros- 
 thotopos— 'e. Trismus, Trismus. 
 
 ENTASIS, Tonic spasm. 
 
 ENTAT'ICOS, Intensi'vus, from tv-rsivra, ' I 
 make tense.' A medicine , which excites the 
 venereal appetite. 
 
 ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 ENTELMINTHA, Worms. 
 
 ENTENDEMENT, Intellect. 
 
 ENTERAD'ENES, from ajifor, 'an ihtes- 
 21 
 
 tine,' and a.iy, ' a gland.' The mucous glands 
 of the intestines. See Peyeri gtandulee. 
 
 ENTERADENOG/RAPHY, ■ Enteradeno- 
 gra'phid, from tvxtfov, ' intestine,' aStfr, ' gland,' 
 and jrgo^ij, ' a description.' A description of 
 the intestinal glands. ' 
 
 ENTERADENOL'OGY, Enteradeno2og"ia, 
 froih«>T«f»v, 'intestine,' a/i/r, 'gland,' andxoyot, 
 ' a treatise . ' That part of anatomy which treats 
 of the intestinal glands. 
 
 ENTEPAL'GIA, EnUrodijn'id, from tvref or, 
 ' intestine,' ini'ahyoe, ' pain.' Pain in' the in- 
 testines'. Colic. 
 
 Enteralgia Aodta, Enteritis — e. InHamma- 
 toria. Enteritis^— e. Saturnina,t!olica metallica. 
 
 ENTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Enterahgiein- 
 phtaxis. 
 
 ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, 3:««ec£»«g:e»»- 
 jphrax'is, from Ei>Tigo», 'intestine,' ayjfcu, 'I 
 strangle,' and efKpfoo^w, 'I obstruct.' Obstruc- 
 tion of the vessels of the intestines.' 
 
 ENTERATROPH'IA,' ^tro^A'i* InUstino'- 
 rtfm, from svTcpov, 'infestine,' and atrophia, 
 'want of nutrition.^ Atrophy of the coats of 
 the intestines. . - 
 
 ENTERECHE^A, Sbhfitws .iMesti>na'li>s. 
 The' sound of the movement of the intestines, 
 heard by^the stethoscope. 
 ■ ^NTEREC'T A^IS, Dilata'tioliae^tino'rmit,' 
 from ivTifov, ■' intestinei' and' eKraa-i!, ' fljlata- 
 tion.' Dilatation of the intestines. 
 
 ENTlEEELCO'SiS, Enterhelco'sis, Etltero- 
 kelco'sii, from evrtpov, ' intestine,' and 'tXxaais, 
 ' ulceration.' Ulceration of intestines — Ulceird'- 
 tio int^stina'Hs, VT'cera inteatind'lia, 
 
 ENTERELESIA, Ileus. 
 
 ENTERELOSIS, Ileus. 
 , ENTEREMPHRAK'IS, Infare'tus Intesti- 
 n&'rwm, . Incarcera'tio intestinoTtiTn inter'na, 
 (P.) Etranglement des Intestins, from ivriQav, 
 '.intestine,' and eu9ga5'{, 'obstruction.' Oi- 
 structionof the Intestines from accumulation 
 of- ffficGB or otherwise. , Alsoi Enterangi.eni- 
 phraxis. 
 
 ENTERteN'OHYTA, Entereh'ckytes, from 
 ivriQor, 'an intestine,' ev, '"in,' and;tt», 'I pour.' 
 Any surgical instrument for administering in- 
 jections. — Scuitetus. 
 
 ENTEREPIPLbCELE, Enteroepiplocele. 
 
 ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCEXE,'from ti- 
 Tifev, 'intestine,' «7n7iiooi','omentiita,' 9/19 aZoc, 
 ' rfavel,' and »v^^} ' rupture.' Hernia of the um- 
 bilicus with protrusion of the omentum and in- 
 testine. , 1 
 
 ENTERHELCO'SIS, Enterelcosis— e. Ner- 
 vosa, Typhus /(abddminal.) 
 
 ENTERHYPERTROPH'IA, Hypertrophia 
 intestino'ru'ui, frogi avTspoi', ' ititestine,' ' and 
 hypertrophia^ ' excessive nutrition.' Hyper- 
 trophy of the coats pf the intestines. 
 
 ENTER'ICA, from mifv, 'an intestine.' 
 Diseases affectiiig the alimentary canal.. Or- 
 der I. Class I. (ficeliaca,) of Good. 
 
 ENTEniTE FOLLICULEXXSE, see Ty- 
 phus — e. Typhohemique, Typhpid fever. 
 
 .ENTERI'TIS, pom ivrifov., 'an intestine,' 
 and its'^denPting inflam'mation. Inflainmation 
 of the intestines. ^Empres'ma Enteritis, Intesti- 
 no'runt. injlaMmia'tio, Ueb-coli'tis, ■Vhorda^sus, 
 Cauma Enteritis, Enter'oph1ldg"ia, Enteraphlo- 
 £;o'sis, Co'lica acvta,'C, inflammato'ridj, u'eus 
 ivfiammnto'ricis, Enteral gia acti'ta, E* Inflam' 
 
ENTBRO 
 
 314 
 
 ENTERON 
 
 mato'ria, Feiris intestirm'rum, F, ili'aea in- 
 fiwmmato'ria, Enterop'yrai . (^W .) Entirite, In- 
 flammation des Intestins. The essentialjymp- 
 toms of this disease are: — violent abdominal 
 pain increased on pressure ; with vomiting and 
 inflammatory fever. Enteritis may affect both 
 the peritpneal and the macous coat of the intes- 
 tines ; and in violent cases all thecoats may be 
 iniplicated. The structure of the raucous a,nd 
 peritoneal coats is different ; so are their func- 
 tions in health and disease. The lnfiammatit>n 
 of the serous cDat,.»Sero-eTOieWii5j resembles that 
 of the cellular membrane ; the inflammation of 
 the mucous coat that of the sMn.^ The former 
 is usually, therefore, of a more active character. 
 Inflammation of thfe_muc6us coat, Eso-enteri'tis, 
 Endo-enteri'tif, Mueo-entenltia, Mucous Enie'- 
 ritis, PMegmymeni'tis enter' iea, is generally 
 attended with ~ diarrhoea, and " its -pathology 
 is identical with that of Dysentery. Inflam- 
 mation of the peritoneal coat is'i on the other 
 hand, generally, attended with constipation. ' , 
 
 Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such 
 tisually is the meaning of the word ih the ab- 
 stract, requires tlje most iEictiye treatment. Co- 
 pious bleedilig, followed up by ajarge dose • of 
 opiumr— and if the symptoms be not decidedly, 
 ameliorated, repeating the, bleeding and opium 
 — warm fomentations, and blisters are the chief 
 agents to be relied upon. Purgatives ought not 
 to be exhibited until the inflammation and spasm 
 are abated.by the use of the bleeding and opium. 
 When ihe physician is called early, this plan 
 will usually succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis 
 passes into a chronic state,~requiring much care- 
 ful management.1 Broussais considered inflam- 
 mation of the mucous coat of the stomach an^ 
 intestines as the proximate cause of the pheno- 
 mena of fever. ' ^ 
 
 , Enteritis ARTHiiiTiCA,C(Eliagra-^.Colica, 
 Colitis — e, Epiploitis, Ejiiploitis-^e.. Follicular, 
 Typhoid fever — e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid — <i. 
 Mesenterica, Mesenteritis, — e. JUucous, see 
 Enteritis — e, Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 ENTERO, frpm svTef5», 'an intestine,' in 
 compound words signifies intestitie, as in the 
 following: — . . 
 
 ENTERbBRO''SIS,£mt«j-orrAea;Vi,P«r/ora'- 
 tio Intestino'ruTiVs (E-) Ferfqrationdes Intes- 
 tins, from HTsgov, 'an intestine,' and /Jyaio/f," 
 ', the act of gnawing.' Perforation of the intes^ 
 tines. 
 
 ENTEROC'ACE, Dysente'ria puUrida sen 
 typho'des seu icorbu'tica seu malig'naj from 
 enTEjov, 'an intestine,' and xauoc, 'evil.' Ady- 
 namic dysentery accompanied by phenomena in- 
 dicating a pseudo-membranous and gangrenous 
 state of the lining membrane of the laj ge intes- 
 tine. 
 
 ENTEROCE'Lte, Hernia intestinaUis, from 
 8»TEf »v, ' an intestine^' and iti)\i;, ' a hgrnia,' 
 ' tumour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains 
 only a portion of the intestine, is so called. 
 
 ENTERO-CEPHALOI'YR'A INFANTUM, 
 Hydrocephalus Internus. 
 
 ENTEROUCE'LICUS, from ivnptv, 'intes- 
 tine,' and yoiha, 'the' Cavity of the abdomen.' 
 Relating to the cavity of the ajidbmen: 
 
 ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from ir-riQov, 'an 
 i Btestine,' xuo-T/c, ' a bladder,' and kijaij, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia formed by the bladder and a 
 portion of intestine. 
 
 ENTERODAR'SIS, from .»ti/.o»j 'intestine,' 
 
 and Sttprif, ' skinning.' Excoriation of the mu- 
 eous membrane of tjie' intestines. 
 
 ENTERiODOTHIENIA, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 ENTERODYNIA, Enteralgia. 
 
 ENTERQrEPIPLOCE'LE, i;M««piyom'/f, 
 Her'nia intestina'lia ortientci'lis, from tutQt:i, 
 ' intestine,' enmloov, ' the omentum,' apd wjli;, 
 'tumour.' Hernia, formgd by intesitine and 
 omentum. ' , 
 
 ENTERO-pPI^LOM'PHAtUS,. from «„- 
 go», J intestine,' tnmXoot^ 'the omentum,' and 
 t/ii<|ji!i)iot, ' the umbilicus.^ Ifmbilical hernia, 
 containing irrtestdiie andvomentum. .Almost 
 all umbilical herhi» are of this kind. 
 
 ENTEROG'RAPHY, ;Enterogra'plaa, frpm 
 sv,-rtgo», 'iritestine,* ind^ygoiji)),/' descriptiqii.) 
 The part of anatorriy which describes the inles- 
 tinfes. 
 
 ENJTBRO-H^MORteAGIA, Hsmatoche- 
 zii. . , . » 
 
 ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis. 
 
 ENTERO-HYDR0CE'EE,from^n,{,„,,'in- 
 testine,"ui(ug, ' water,' andmjij), 'tumour.' .In- 
 testinal hernia complicated' with hydrocele. 
 ^ ENTERO.HYDRPM'PHALU^ from .vw.,, 
 jpv, ' intestine,' 'uifiij, 'w^J;er,' and o/t»axo5,' the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia, ih which the sac 
 Contains,, along with a portion of intestine, a 
 quantity of seriim. 
 
 ' ENTERQ-ISCHIOCE'LEj.rrom ^vrm^, ' in- 
 testine,.' iir.jfio*, 'ischium,'' and xijJiii, 'tumour/ 
 Ischi'at'ic hernia, formgfl of intestine. 
 ^EnTER6LITHI'ASIS, from ivtwv, 'inte*. 
 tine,' 'and Xt6iai'i(, 'the formation of stoijei' 
 The formation of concretions in the intestines.. 
 
 ENTEROLITHUS, baltfuli of the.stomwh 
 and intestines-:— e. Bezoardis, Bezoar— e.Soyba- 
 lum, Scybaia. -, " 
 
 ENTEROL'OG'Y,. ■finterolo-g"faf fromjvTi- 
 {dr, ' intestine,,' and ioyot, 'a discoarse.' Tfc 
 part of anatomy which treats 6f the intestines. 
 
 ENTEROMALA'CIA, E«teroma/a«'M, ^F,.) 
 Ramollissement de I'Intistin; from evT!{o», 'an 
 intestine,' and fitlarir m, ' I soften.' Softening 
 of the mucous, 6r other coats of the intestine. 
 
 ENTEROMAIAXIS, Enteromalacia. 
 
 ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimythus. 
 ' ENTERO-MEROCE'lE, from, ivrffoyy ' in- 
 testine,' niigts,' the thigh/and xijivij, ' tumour.' 
 Crural hernia, formed of intestine. 
 . ENTERO-ME^ENTER'.IC, m^ro-msm- 
 ter'icus. Relating to the intestine and mesen- 
 tery. 
 
 El^fTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBKlS. 
 MM. Petit and Serres have given this name to 
 the typhoid form of adynanjic fever, in which 
 the intestines^ are ulcerated, With jsnlargement 
 of the corresponding mesenteric glands. See. 
 Typljjus;; - 
 
 ENT^RO-MiSENT^RITE, tabes me- 
 senterica — e. Mesenterite tyjjAoiVe, see typhus. ' 
 
 ENTEROMOR'PHIA COMPRES'SA, -One 
 of the algae, used by the Sandwich Islanders as 
 an esculent. , " 
 
 ENTEROMPHALOCELE, llnteromphalus. 
 
 ENTEROM'PHALUS, Enteromphaloet'll, 
 from eiTTtgor, 'intestine,' and o^tKfaiof, 'umbili- 
 cus.' Umbilical hernia,- formed of intestine. 
 
 ,ENTER0MYC0D0RI'TIS, from awjoi, 
 '-intestine,' fivxce, 'slime,' ioga, 'skin,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the mucous membrane of the intestines. 
 
 ENTERON, Intestine. 
 
ENTEROPARISAGOGE 
 
 315 
 
 ENTROPION 
 
 ENTEROPARISAGOGE, Intassusceptio. I iiitestiries. In surgery, it means an operation, 
 
 ENTEROPATHI'A,' EnttTdp'athy ; from little used, which consists in opening the intes- 
 
 tVTtsiivi ' intestine,' and na6at, ^'fisease.' Dis- tine, in order to evacuate the fecal matters ac- 
 
 ease of the intestines in general. cumulated in it, for example, in certain cases 
 
 ENTEBOPATm'ACAMCERo'sAjEMtero.'JcsVrAMs,' of hernia, accompanied with contraction of the 
 
 Erairestttm'sis ieirrho'sa seu org'ara'ieo, £»- j intestinal canal_} in. operations for an ari:ificial 
 
 terosmco'mia, Indura'tio sett Sdrrhus seu Can- 
 cer seu CareCno'ma Intestino'nim, (F.) Cart- 
 ter des Ip,t'estins. Cancer of the Intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, Enterosphig'ma, 
 Hernia incarcera'ta, Inearcera'tio^ intestiiio'- 
 rwm, from vixt^iv, 'intestine,' and m^io%Ma, 
 ' I conceal,' ' I envelop.' Constriction or oh- 
 struction of the intestines, from a cause, which 
 acts either within the abdomen or without it, 
 as in strangulated hernia,. 
 
 ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis. 
 
 ENTEROPHtOGOSlS, Enteritis. 
 
 ENTEROPHTHI'Sl^, from^tyTfjo., ' intes- 
 tine,' aridKp&yic, ^ consumption.' Consumption 
 of tiie bowels. Consumption owing to sup- 
 puration in the- intestines. 
 
 ENTEROPHYMATA, Tubercula intestino- 
 rum. ■■ ' ■ ^ ' 
 
 ENTEROPYRA, Enteritis. Also, entero- 
 mesenteric fever. — Alibert . ( 
 
 Enteeopyka AsiAJMCAj'Cholera — e. Bilipsa, 
 Fever, Bilious. 
 
 ENTERORRHAG'TA, from £yT«5<)v,>'intes- 
 tinej' and gayij, ' violent rupture.' Hemorrhage 
 from the borwels. , , , 
 
 Ehterorrhagia Simplex, Haemlatocheziai 
 
 ENTERORRHA'PHIA,£«««rorVA»2»4«,from 
 ciTEdoy, 'intestine,' and i>cL<ftj,,'a, siiture.' Sa- 
 ttire of the intestines, for the leUef of injuries 
 dpne to them. ■ ' , 
 
 ENTERORRHEU'MA, ■Rkevmatis'mus In- 
 testitio'rum, from ttie^nf, ' intestine,' and qivfia, 
 'defluxion, rheumatism.' Rheungatismof the 
 intestines. 
 
 ENTERORRHEXIS, Enteroljrosis. 
 
 ENTERORRHCE A, diarrhoea,, Melaena. 
 
 ENTEROSARCOOE'LlR, from ivTsgoy, 'in^ 
 testine,''o!i4?, ' flesh,' and xijiij-, ' a tumour.' In- 
 testinal hernia, complicated vrith' fleshy ex- 
 (wescence-, or rather sarcocele. 
 
 ENTEROSARCOMIA, Enteropathia canee- 
 rosa. 
 
 ENTEROSCHEOCE'LE, Enterosehoe^ll, 
 from e»T(giii, 'an intestine,' oa^ccct) 'the scro- 
 tum,'.and xij<li;, ' tumour.' Scrotal hernia con- 
 sisting <>f intestine. . ,' , 
 
 ENTEROSCIRRHUS, Enteropathia canee- 
 rosa. . "j. 
 
 ENTERO'SES, from me^ov, 'an intestine.' 
 A class of diseases, comprehending all those 
 that are seated in the intestines. — ^Afibert. 
 
 ENTERQSPHIGMA,' Enteroperistble. 
 
 ENTEROSTEN0'.SISj from a.Tfjor, 'intes- 
 tine,' and aTivuHTit, 'stricture.' Stricture or 
 constriction of-the intestines. 
 
 Emtekosteno'sis Organica, Enteropathia 
 canceXosa — e. Scirrhosa, Enteropathia cancerosa: 
 
 ENTEROTOME, Enterot'omiis, from kts- 
 {ov, J. intestine,' and, Te><va,,'I cut.,' A name 
 given by J. Cloquet to an instrument for 
 promptly opening the intestinal canal through 
 , its whole extent, lit consists of a pair of scis*- 
 sors, one blade of which is much longer than 
 the other, and rounded at its extremity.- This 
 is passed into the intestine. 
 
 ENTEROTOM'IA, Enterot'omy, same ety- 
 mon. In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the 
 
 anus, performed on the new-b6rn, where the 
 rectum is imperforate or not existing, &c. ^ 
 ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia. 
 ENTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 ENTEROZOA, Worms. 
 ENTERYDROCE'LE, Enterohydrdee'li; 
 from' i».Vt5ov, 'intestine,' 'i>fa%, 'water,', and 
 xi|i7;,'' rupture.' Intestinal hernia with hydro- 
 cele. , " 
 
 ENT»ELMINTHES, Worms-. 
 
 ENTHEOMANIAjDemonomania. <• 
 
 ENTHLA'SIS, Esfhla'sisjitoTO. «,«in,? and 
 #J«», 'I break.' A fracture of the cranium 
 witk comminution,, in which the boiie is de- 
 pressed dr has lost its level. , 
 
 Enthlasis Cranii, Efifrac^ura Cranii. 
 
 ENTOCELE, Ectopia. 
 
 Ektoce'le Lehtis.' Dislocation of the crys- 
 talline into tjie anterior chamber of the eye. 
 
 ENTOGONYAN'CON, fjom tn^f, ' within,' 
 yvv, 'the knee,' and aykov, 'a bend.' ' Bending 
 ot th,e knees inwards. The state of being 
 knoctkneed, or in-kneed. ' , ' '. 
 ' ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm.. 
 
 EN,TONIC, Enton'itus ; from iv, denoting 
 excess ; .and; t^vos, ' tone.' Having great ten- 
 sion or exaggerated action. 
 , ENtONNOIR, Calix, InfaudibuIum-^«. dti 
 Ventricule Moyen , du Cervtau, Infuodibulum 
 of the biain. 
 
 ENTOPARASITES, Wwms. 
 
 ENTOPHTIIAL'MIA,.from...Ti.s, ' within,' 
 and o(f6ai./uia, ' inflatnmation of the eye.' Oph- 
 thalmia affecting the interior of the eye. 
 
 ENTaRSE, Sprain. 
 : ENTOSTHE'THIDIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTHIA, Entrails. 
 
 ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis. 
 
 ENTOTORRHfEA, Otirrhceai.. ., 
 
 ENTOTOZ^NA, Oz»na. 
 
 ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOXISMUSi Poisoning. 
 
 ENTOZOA, Worms. 
 
 ENTdZOAIRES, WoTins. 
 
 ENTOZOARIAV Worms. 
 
 ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus 
 FoUicnlorum. 
 
 £iVTiS^JLLES, Entrails. 
 
 EN'TRAILS, Splanchna,En^a'Har Vis'cera, 
 Entasthid'ia, Ent^sHhia, Etttostkethid'ia, Im- 
 tera'nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin 
 coming from ivTfjov, ' intestine.' It is used 
 for the viscera enclosed in the splanchnic cavi- 
 ties, and especially for those in the abdomen j 
 Boweh, Guts, (F.) Entrailles, Viseeres.' 
 - ENTRE-FESSON, Chafing. 
 
 ENTRlCHOfMA,from «», 'in,' and tj.;^«^*', 
 ' hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and the edge of 
 the eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted. 
 
 ENTROP'ION, Entrop'itim:, from tv, 'in,' 
 and TgtiTiu, *I turn.' Inver'sio palpehra'rum, 
 Capilli"tiiim, Trichiasis, Introsusee^ tio tn- 
 tropium, Blephdrelo'sis, Blepharoptosis entro- 
 pium, Tri'ekia, Trichb'sis..J A name given to 
 the' inversion or turning inwards of the ey«- 
 
ENTROPIUM 
 
 316 
 
 EPHELtDES 
 
 li(Js, so that the eyelashes are directed towards 
 the globe of the eye ; irritate and inflame it, 
 and give rise to the affection called Triphi'asis^ 
 .The contact of the hair with the, surface o^ 
 the eye occasions considerable irritation of the 
 conjunctivaj which is soon followed by ohemo- 
 siS, ulceration of the eye, and.other symptoms, 
 such as fever, watchfulness, &c. 
 
 If the disease be entropion, as above- defined, 
 that is, dependent upon the' inversion of the 
 eyelids, it must be remedied,T»^either by dis- 
 persing the cedema or swelling of the eyelids, 
 or by cutting out a portion of the skini When, 
 the~disease i? dependent upon a vicious direc- 
 tion' of the cilia, they must be plucked out and 
 the bijlbs be cauterized. 
 
 ENTROPIUM, Entropion. 
 
 ENTYPOSIS, see:Glene. 
 
 ENUCLEA'TlON, Enucleii'tio, from enu- 
 cleare, {e, and nucleus,) ' to take but a terhel.' 
 This term has been proposed-for the operation 
 of removing tumours, &c., without cutting into 
 them. — Percy. 
 
 The word is •aseA.va.Fhdrmacyi for the. ope- 
 ration of shelling or relieving , the kernels of 
 any nut. 
 
 EN.ULA CAMP ANA, Inula Heleniunfl ■ 
 ' ENU'LON, from iv, 'in,^ and o'uiov, 'the 
 gum.' The inner part of the gums. The ejf- 
 ternal part was called ou^sc, and that between 
 the teeth «{/Koi. — Pollux.' 
 
 ENURE'SIS> from-eviiu56B, (er and oputi,) 
 ' I void the urine in bed.' Paru'riw ineon'ti- 
 nens, Incontinen'tia uri'Tuie, Ezcre'tio XTrincB 
 i^olunta'via, Mic'tio involunta!riily E, irtop- 
 portu'na, Uracfa'sia', Urorrha'a, PeHrfhce'a, 
 Strangu'r'ia (G^len,) Ariischu'ria, Hyperfire'sis, 
 Diam'nes, InvollitUary dischar,ge of urine. In- 
 continence of urinet This affection is ifiost 
 common in advanced life. It may depend on 
 too -great irritability of the bladder, or on dis- 
 tention^ or injury of the fibres about its neck,' 
 paraly-sis of the organ, the presence of an irre- 
 gularly shaped calculus impacted in the ure-^ 
 thra neair its commencement; rupture of the 
 bladder ar;id urethra ; renal disease ; or on pres- 
 sure exerted on the bladder by the distended 
 womb or by a tumour. It, often occurs af- 
 ter difficult labour, but ^ehfially yields, in the 
 course of a week or ten days 5 the catheter be- 
 ing introduced twice a day in the mean time. 
 ' The treatment must of course vary- accord- 
 ing to the cause ; and when the affection, on 
 which it is dependent, csinnot be removed, the 
 discharge of urine may be prevented by exert- 
 ing a degree of compression on the urethra, by 
 means of appropriate instruments; or a urinal 
 may be employed to receive the urine as it 
 passes off. 
 
 ENVIE, Hangnail, Malacia, Naevus — e. de 
 Yomir, Nausea. , - , 
 
 ENYPNION, Somnium. . 
 
 ENYSTBON, Abomasus. 
 
 ENZOOTIA, Erizoqty. 
 
 ENZOOTY, Enzodt'ia, (F.) Enzootie, from 
 a, 'in,' and Cwov, ' animal.' An endemic dis- 
 ease attacking-animals. 
 
 EP, EPH, &Vl,tn,t(f,iTti, ' upbn, above J ' in 
 composition, generally Tneans, 'augmentation, 
 addition, increase, reciprocal action, jepetition.' 
 Hence : 
 
 EPACMAS'TIC.OS, from tm, and «x^otot, ' I 
 increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Feires 
 
 epaamaa'tiea, whose symptoms go on augmsnt- 
 ing in violence, from the commencement to 
 the termination. Such fevers are, also, called 
 Epanadidori'tes . ^ 
 
 ■ EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce. 
 - EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANALEPSlSj. Anadiplosis. 
 
 EPANASTASIS, Pustule. The fotmatioii 
 of a tumour. The breaking.out of an eruption 
 ■ — BjTup'.tio eaanthe'matis'. 
 
 EPANASTEMA, Exahtheih, Swelling. 
 
 kPANCHMMENT, Effusioh. 
 
 EPANESIS, Remission. 
 . EPANETUS, Remittent— e. Hectipa, Hectic 
 fever — e. Malignus flavus, Fever, yellow — e. 
 Mitis,- Remittent fever. 
 
 EPANORTHOSIS,- Restauratio. . 
 
 EPANTHEMA,' Exanthem-. ' ^ - 
 
 EPANTHISMA, Exanthem. , , 
 
 EPAPHiE'RESIS, from innqtaiita, < I ta^e 
 away.' Repeti'ta stiblfi'tid vet fVtuMa'tio. A 
 repeated abstraction or evacuation. It was for- 
 meifly used synonymously with ir4pMt^ Hood- 
 letting; Phlebotom'iaiterd'ta. — Galen. 
 
 EPAPHRISMQS, Despumation. -' ' •■ 
 
 EP'ARMA, Tumour. 
 
 EPARSIS, Tumour; 
 
 iPAULE, Humerus. 
 
 EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
 
 EPENDYMA, Membrane. 
 
 M.PERON, Hij^ocampus minor — e. ies At- 
 tlresf^ Spur. 
 
 MPERVIE^., Accipiter. 
 
 EPERVIk,RE DES MURAILLES, Hieia- 
 cium niuroruin. 
 
 EPHEBiE'ON, from mi, 'upon,' and 'ij/Sij, 
 'pubes»' The parts pf geheration : al»o, the re- 
 gion of the pubes, as w,ell as the hair upon the 
 pubes. It meant likewise a part of the ancient 
 gymmasium in which the rJietoricianSj philoso- 
 phers, &C.J disputed^ '' > ■ ■ ^ 
 , EPHEBEUMjMons veneris. 
 
 EPHE'BIA, Kphehi'ayPwbertas.' Same etj- 
 mon. The age of puberty.' 
 
 EPHEBOSYNE,, Puberty . 
 
 EPHEBOTES, Puberty. , , 
 
 EPHE'BUS, J»«ie««, J'aier, (?.) Puhhe, 
 iphibe. One who ha® attained the age of pu- 
 berty. 
 
 EPHEDRANAi Nates. 
 
 EPHEL'CIS, from tm, 'upon,' and 'tl*o(, 
 ' an ulcer.'. The crust or scab of an ulcer. 
 
 J&PH^LWE SCORBTTTIQTTE, Chloasma. 
 
 EPHE'LIDES,'from sir;, ' upon,' and '.im»!, 
 ' the sun.' Epichro'ais, J/lac'ulasoldris, Mac- 
 ulae fuscse, M. lenticula'res, Ephe'lis lentidvh, 
 Vitilig"ijie5, PhacijPannus lenticula'ris, Xw- 
 tic'ula, Lenti'go, Ephelia^Lertti'go, EpheHs d 
 sole, Nigre'do a soli, Spilo'sis ephelis, £sta'- 
 tes;' EJila, Freckles, Sunburn, (F.) Taches df 
 roiissure. Hale. This term includes riot only 
 the yellow lentigines, which appear on persons 
 of fair skin, and &e' larger brown patches, 
 which, also arise from exposure to the direct 
 rays of the sun, but also those latge dusky 
 patc^ies which are very similar in appearance, 
 but occur on other parts of the surface, that ate 
 constantly covered. See Chloasma. They do 
 not extend farther than the skin. ' Many cos- 
 metics have been recommended for their re- 
 moval. Simple spirituous lotions or weak mi- 
 neral acids, applied a few times in the day, are 
 as effectual as any other means. 
 
EPHELIS 
 
 317 
 
 EPIDEMIUS 
 
 EPHELIS, see Ephelides—e. Lentigo, Ephe- 
 lides— e. &• Sofo, E]^elideB. - 
 
 EPHELOTES, Leucoma. 
 
 EPHEM'ERA, Dia'ria, from iv,, < during,' 
 avd 'tifiita,' ' a. day.' That whioh continues a 
 day. This epithet is given to diseasesj and par- 
 ticularly to fevers which last only a day,— l^i- 
 hria diafria, Ephemerpp^ra, Fehris simplex, F. 
 Ephe'mera, Fehrie'vild, Ejphem.'eral Fever, Bi'- 
 ary Fever, Stmple Fever. The term prolonged 
 ephem'era, is sometiines used for fevers, which 
 cease after two or three days' duration. 
 
 Ephemeea Angwoa Pestxlksss,- Sudor angli- 
 cus — ei Britannica, Sudor Anglicu^-^e. Maligna, 
 Sudor Anglieus — e. Mortifera,- Plague-^-e. Pes- 
 tilentialiS, Plague— 8. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglieus. 
 
 EPHEMEROPTRA, Ephemera. 
 
 EPHBMERlJS, Quotidian. 
 
 EPfflALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA, Incu- 
 bus vigilantium— ^ei Noctuinus, Incubus — e. 
 Vigilantium, Incubus vigilantium. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Efhidrosen. - A divi- 
 eioS: of the family Eizematbseti of Fi!tchs, com- 
 prising morbid varieties of sweating. .. 
 
 EPHIDRO'SIS, from ijri, 'upbii,' and^iijooj, 
 
 • I s,weat.' Midrq'sis, Idro'sis.'k copious sweat, 
 
 ■ Epbideosis Profu'sa, E. spontanea, E. idio- 
 patk-ica, Hydi'oped^'sis, Exsuda'tio, Exuda'- 
 Ho, Hyperephidro'sis, Hyperhydto'sis, Hy- 
 drorrtpte'd, Hidropede'sis, (*".).f?aa: de Suear. 
 An excessive^ sweating, including debility and 
 emaciation. A, colliquative sweat. ^, Such co- 
 pious perspirations are generally owing to de- 
 bility of the exhaliuits, and require the use of 
 tonics, especially of the niineralacids, opium, &c. 
 
 Ephidbosi^ Desudatib — e. Cruenta, -Sudor 
 cruentus — e'. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis. 
 
 EPHIPPIUaijPituitaria fossa, Sella Turcica 
 
 EPH'ODOS, from ssr;, 'upon,' and o^oc, 'a 
 way," a road or avenue to a- place.', Hippor 
 crates uses this word in three senses: 1. For 
 the vessels or canals, which give passage to 
 the excrements of the body. 2.; For a period- 
 ical attack or accession of fever; and 3.^ For 
 the approach of similar or dissimilar things 
 which may be useful or hurtful to the body;- 
 Castelli. ' 
 
 iPI, Spica. 
 
 EPIALOSj Hepialdt. A name given by the 
 ancients to fever, when the hot stage was min- 
 gled with irregular Chills. Also, the cold stage 
 of fever. ' 
 
 EPIALTES, Incubus. 
 
 EPIAMA, Lenitive. 
 
 EPIAN, Frambcesia.- 
 
 EPIBLEMA, Catablema. 
 
 EPIBOLE, Incubus. 
 
 EPICANTHIS, Canthus-. 
 
 EpicaN'this, from (Tit, ' upon,' and xatSif, 
 
 • the angle of the eye.' A defective forma- 
 tion, in which a fold of skin passes from the 
 root of the npse over the inner, canthus of the 
 eye.. ' ■ : . , 
 
 EPICAR'PIUM, Periearyium, from fjw, 
 •upon,' and xagTios, 'jhe wrist.' An .applica- 
 tion made to the vwists or to the region of -the 
 pulse was so called. 
 
 EPICAUM.A, Encauma. 
 
 EPICAUSIS, Encaama. 
 
 EPICERASTICA, Emollients. 
 
 EPICHOLOS, Bilious. 
 
 EPICHORDIS, Mesentery. 
 
 EPICHORION, Decidua. 
 
 EPICHORIUM, Epidermis. 
 
 EPICHRISIS, Inmictio; 
 
 EPIC HR O'SI Sj S^i/o'mjj from ini, and 
 /gioyK*, 'colour.' Simple discoloration of the 
 surface.-^Gpbd. Ephelides. 
 
 Epichrosis Spili, see Nmvus. 
 
 EPICHYSIS, Affusion. 
 
 EPICOE'MASIS, from ejriito/^«0|Kai, (mi and 
 xaifi.a.efKti,) < to lie down torest," to sleep.' 2)e- 
 eu'Utiis ad dormien'dum et X>ormi'<tio. , The 
 position of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself. 
 
 EPICOL'IC, fronp tTi, 'upon,' and xiuioi', 
 ' the colon.' The epicolie regions, regio'nes epi- 
 eol'iesB, are those parts of tiie abdomen which 
 correspond to the colon. 
 
 EPICOLLESIS, -Agglutination. 
 
 EPICONPYLE, Epicon'dylus ; -from ^m, 
 'upon,' and xgvfuJof, 'a condyje.' A name 
 given, by Chsrussier,. to -an eminence' at the 
 outer part Of the inferior extremity of the os 
 humeri; so called, because> it is seated above 
 the condyle, /the epicopdyle gives attachment 
 to the QUter lateral ligament of the elbow joint, 
 and to a very strqng tendon to which several of 
 the muscleST>f the posterior part of the forearm 
 are attached- - ' 
 
 EPICONDYLO-CtJBITALIS, see Anconeus 
 — «. Madiat, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sus- 
 metacarpien, see ^x.Ala\\s-^e.,Sus-phalangetiien 
 tomnrnn; Extensor digitorum communis-^e. 
 Sui-phalangettien du petit doigt, Extensor 
 propriu4 minimi digiti. 
 
 EPICOPHO'SISJ from-ETH, 'upon,' and 
 jtaufBtr/s, 'deafness.' Deafness supervening on 
 another disease. - V 
 
 -EPICRA'NIUM, from tm, 'upon,' and xea- 
 imv, ' the cranium.' - A name given to different 
 parts seated on the cranium, The skiuiaponeu- 
 rqsis between the occipital and frontal muscles, 
 and the whole of the scalp have been so called. 
 Portal includes ^nder this name the occipito- 
 frontaUs muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior 
 and anterior auricular- muscles. The pericra- 
 nium. 
 
 EPICRANI,US, Occipito-frontalis. 
 
 EPICRA'SIS, C<mtempera'tio, from tvixt- 
 Qxrtv/Ai, (vi, ajad Kis»nu/ii, ' I mix,') ' I temper.^ 
 A term used by the humourists for an ameliora- 
 tion of^the kumovrs. They called Cure by 
 Epicrasis, — per epierasin, a mode-of treatment 
 by, imagined alteratives, which they supposed 
 to be possessed of the power of gradually cor- 
 recting the vitiated humours. 
 
 EPICROUSIS, Percussioii. 
 
 EPICTENIUM, Pubes. 
 
 EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases. 
 
 EPICYEMA, see Superfcetation. 
 
 EPICYESIS, Superfcetation. 
 
 EPICYLIUM, see Palpebra. 
 
 fPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. . 
 PIDEISIS, Deligatioh. 
 , EPIDEMIC, Epide'mius, Epidern'icus) (F.) 
 Ejridemigue. Same etymon as 'Epidemy. Ap- 
 pertaining to an epidemy. An epideniy. 
 
 EpideWic Constitution, Epidetny — e. Di- 
 sease, Epidemy — e. Influence, Epidemy.- 
 EPTDltMICITJi, see Epidemic. . 
 EPIDEMIC US, Epidemic. 
 EPIDEMIOLOG"IAi from tv,, ' upon,' irr 
 fiot, 'the people,' and Zsj/of, 'a description.'- 
 The doctrine of epidemics. 
 EPWiMIQXIE, Epidemic. 
 EPIDEMIUS, Epidemic, 
 
EPIDEMY 
 
 318 
 
 EPIGENESIS 
 
 , EPIDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'mdd, Morbus 
 publi'cuS) M,populfi'ri3, Jlf. epidem'icus sen epi- 
 de'mius,XF.) Epideuiie; Epidem'ie disease, Epi- 
 dem'ic influence, Epidem'ie constitution; from 
 tTi, 'upon,'. Etnd Snuig, ' the people.' A disease 
 which attacks at the same time a number of in- 
 dLvidualSj and which is depending upon sortie par- 
 ticular constitMio.aeris, of condition of the at- 
 mosphere, with which we are utterly ignorant. 
 Itdiflets fronb endemie, the latter being owing to 
 locality J, but it ,is obvious, that should a par- 
 ticular epidemic constitution of the ait—epide- 
 TOtct>y,%(F.) epidemicite, — exist along with afa- 
 vouringendemie condition, these combined in- 
 fluences may act in the ' causation of several 
 of those serious and ^tal complaints, yhicb at 
 tiiiies visit a district, and are never afterwards 
 met with, orat least riot until afterlhe lapse of 
 a considerable periqd. , •, ' 
 
 EPI-DENDRUiM VANILLA, see Vanilla. 
 
 EPID'ERIS, Epidet'rUs, TSypod'eris, Hy 
 poder'mis, H^poder'rhis, flora iwi, '^ipon,' Snd 
 M^xf, ' the skin.' This word, with some, iheans 
 the nymphae ; with others, the clitoris : with 
 others, again, the prepuCe of the clitoris. 
 
 EPIDERMA, Epidermis. 
 
 EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis. : 
 
 EPIDERMIC CELLS, see. Cell, epidermic. 
 
 EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidetmidonu'si, 
 from t7ri<f«e/i(f, 'epiderniis,'and vart;, 'disease.' 
 Diseases of the epidermis. 
 
 EPIDERMION,, Epidermis. 
 
 EPIDER'MIS, Epider'mibn, Epider'matis, 
 Epider'ma, Epicho'rium, Sum'mitas cutis', Cu- 
 tic'ula, C, ex'tima, C. extre'ma. Cutis ,exti'ma,- 
 G. sitmma, C. ul'tima, Pellis sun^a, Pellic'tlla 
 sum/ma, P. supe'ridr, '.Lam'ina prima cutis, 
 .Operculum cutis, from «ti, 'upon,' and Jepjia; 
 ' the. true skin.* Scarf-skinj cuticle, (F.) 
 Surpeau, Cuticuh. A transparent, dry, thin 
 membrane, devoid of nerves arid vessels^ which 
 covers all the surface of the body, except the 
 parts that cMrespond to the nails. It appears 
 to consist of minute scales, placed one above the 
 other. Chaussier considers it to be formed and' 
 reproduced by an excretory action of the true 
 skin j to act like a dry Varnish, which pf evfents 
 the immediate contact of bodies with the ner- 
 vous papillae, and consequently to deaden tactile 
 impressidns, which, without its in.terveritibn, 
 might be painful. The Epider'mc,'*Epider'- 
 nieous, or Epider'moid, (as Bichat ' called it) 
 System, in general anatomy, comprises three 
 parts. 1. External Epidermis. 2. Epidermis 
 spread over the mucous membranes. 3. The 
 Nails and Hair. 
 
 Epidermis Lingu.e, see Tongue. 
 
 JEPIDERRHIS, Epidejis. 
 
 EP,IDERRHITIS, Nym'phitis. 
 
 EPIDESISi see Bandage — e. Hasmo^tasia, 
 Ligature. 
 
 EPID'ESMIS, Epidesmus. 
 
 EPlDESMtJM, Epidesnius:. 
 
 EPII^ES'MUS, Epides'mis; Epides'mum, Su- 
 perliga'^en, from uri, ' upon,' and iiro,* I bind.' 
 A Fascia, bandage or ligatui'e, by which dress- 
 ings are secured. — 3Hi{)pocrates. 
 
 EPIDID'YM[S,fromeni,'upon,'and S,3v/icg, 
 'a testicle.' Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis, Paras'ta- 
 ta, Testidulus accesso'riusi Caput testis. Corpus 
 varico'sum seu varicifor'me testis, Supergemi- 
 na'lis, (F.) Corps variqueux ou varieiforme, 
 that which is placed upon'tte testicle. A small, 
 
 oblong, vermiform, grayish body lying along 
 the superidr margin of the testicle. The Epj- 
 didymis is a canal, formed by the unidn of all 
 the seminiferous vessels folded several' times 
 upoii themselves, after having traversed'the Car- 
 pus Highmioria'nUm. - Its lower portion or tail 
 Cauda VeVghSus minor, is curved upwMds, 
 and is continuous with the vas deferens j the op- 
 posite extremity is called the head, globus ma- 
 jor. The length of this canal, folded as it is 
 upon itself and describing-munierous curvatures, 
 is, according to Munro, 32 feet. ' 
 
 . EPIDIDYMITIS, Parsstatitis—e. Blennor- 
 rhagic, Hernia humora,lis. 
 
 EPID'OSIS, from im, ' upon,' ajid ii'imiii, < to 
 give.' Augmentktionj increase. ' X word ap- 
 plied to the. natural increase of the body or to 
 the increase of a disease. ' 
 
 'EPI'D'ROM% Epidrom'ia, 'Epiph'ora,\{ioni 
 i*i3^tfia, («7i/, arid i^tftio) 'I run upon.' An 
 laffliix or congestioji of humours. — Galen. , 
 
 EPIDROMIA, Epidrome:. 
 , EPIFAGtrSAlV^ERICANUS, Orobanche 
 Virginiana— e. Virgiriianiis, ^Orobanche Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from i7z',yarrpm,'''the 
 epigastrium,' and aiyoc, ' pain.' Pam at the 
 epigastrium, 
 
 EEIGAS'TRIC, Epigas'tricus, EpigasMm, 
 from iTii, ' upon;' and. ywiTii, ' the stomach.' 
 This name has been given to several parts. 
 
 EpiexSTEic Ab'teey, Arte'ria epigcts'trim, 
 A. sv'i-puUenne, (Ch.) It arises from the ex- 
 ternal' iliac, on a level with th6 crural arch ; 
 sometimes by a trunk proper to it, at others by 
 a tVunk common to it and the Obturator artery. 
 It ascends Upwards arid inwards, behind the 
 spermatic cord, follows the outer edge of the 
 rectus abdominis muscle,' and anastomoses, to- 
 wards the umbilicus, with the interhal mam- 
 ir&ry. The- epigaistric artery anastomoses, also, 
 with the obturator, spermatic, lumbar, and ui- 
 tercostal Vessels. " , 
 
 Episaste.10 Reqion,' Regio epigas'triea, R. 
 cai^di'aca,fR. stomach'icd, R. Stomaeha'lis,a 
 the superior region of the abdomen, comprised 
 between the false ribs^on'each side, and extend- 
 ing from the lower surface of the diaphragm to 
 two fingers' .breadth above the umbilicus. It 
 is divided into three garts, one middle, the ep- 
 gas'tritim,-:—3LnA two lateral, the:hypochon'dria, 
 
 Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same 
 course as the artery. 
 " EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. 
 
 EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon;, The belly; 
 the epigastric region. - 
 
 EPIGASTRIUS, Epigastric. > 
 
 EPIGASTROCB'LE, from .r/, 'upon,' yiw- 
 Tnj, 'thi? stomach,' and iiii\i;> 'a tumour.' Her- 
 nia, formed by the stomach ; Gas'troce'le. This 
 name has been gifren more especially to hernia, 
 which occurs towards' the uppeif part of the 
 linea alba-or in the epigastric region, whether 
 formed or not by the stomach. 
 
 EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis. v 
 
 EPIGEN'ESIS, from tn(, 'upon,' and yirin", 
 ^generation.' A theory of conception, accord- 
 ing to which the new being is created entirely 
 anew; and receives at once from -each parent 
 the materials necessary for its formation. Also, 
 a new formation. 
 
 Epigenesis, as v(rell as Epigene'ma, or Ept- 
 genne'ma, is also, applied to any symptom oc- 
 
EPIGINOMENOS 
 
 319 
 
 EPILEPSY 
 
 cuning during a disease, without changing its 
 nature. An accessary symptom. Epigirwm'- 
 etiosy Superve^ni'ens, mis a similar acceptation. 
 
 EPIGINOMENOS, Epigenesis^ 
 
 EPIGLpT'.TIC, Epigbt'ticus' : same fity- 
 mooi Relating to the epiglottis. 
 
 Epiglottic Gj^wv,' Periglot'ti/, Oaro glan- 
 dulo'sa. A collection of small, glandular gra- 
 nuls, situate in the adipose, cellular texture at 
 the base of the anterior surface of the epiglot- 
 tis, in a triangalar space, bounded anteriorly 
 by the thyro-hyoid membrane al^d thyroid carti- 
 la,ge. It pours out an unctuous and mucous 
 fluid, which"' lubricates the 'epiglottis, keeps it 
 supple and movable, and prevents the larynji: 
 from being irritated by the constant passage of 
 the air, in, the act of respiration. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TIS, froip sn., 'upon,' and yXuT- 
 Tts, 'the glottis.' Epiglot'tie cartilage, lAgulcu, 
 Oper'adum laryn'gis, Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gu- 
 lafis'tulx, Sublin'guum, Supetlig'ula. A fibro- 
 cartilage, situate at the upper part of the larynx, 
 behind the base of the tongue. , Its form is oval; 
 texture elastic; thickness greater below than 
 abdve, and greater in the middle than al;' the 
 sides. Sy its smaller extremity, which is the 
 lower, it is attached to the thyroid cirtiliage ; 
 its two surfaces are covered, by the mucoua 
 membrane <rf the pharynx and larynx. The 
 special .use of the epiglottis would seem to be 
 to' coyer the glottis, accurately at the moment 
 ef deglutition, and, thus, to assist in opposing 
 the. passage of alimenUtry silbstances into the 
 air tubes. 
 
 'KVlGt.O'T'VlTl$,tnflamma'tioEpiglot'Udis, 
 (E.) Injtammatidn d^ I'Afiglotte, Angi'na epi- 
 glottid^^. Inflammation of the epiglottis.. 
 
 EPIGLOT'TUM. An instrnment,.inehtioned 
 by Paracelsus,' lor raising the eyelids. It re- 
 sembled the epiglottis in shape. 
 
 EPIGEOU'TIS, from la-i, 'upon,' and Vi°v- 
 Tos,nhe buttocks.' The superior region of the 
 nates. — Gbtrsus. 
 
 EPIGONATIS, Pateira. • 
 
 EPIG'ONEj Gone, Hyfopk'ysis, Progen'ies, 
 ProlesySdb'ohs,Sub'oUs,^T<>m. enii ''upon,' and 
 yorij, 'sperm.' Oflspring. Progeny. \ Also, Su- 
 perfcetation. 
 
 EPIGONION, Foettis. 
 
 EPlGONlS, Patella. 
 
 EPIGONON, Superfoetation. 
 
 EPIGOUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPIGUNIS, Patella. 
 
 EPILATORIUM, Depilatory. 
 
 EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILENTIA, Epilepsy. 
 
 EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy— e. Acuta tnfentum. 
 Eclampsia-:— e.-Algetica, see Algos-r-e. Febrilis 
 infantum, Eclampsia— e. Nocturna, incubus — 
 e. Puierilis, Eclampsia infantum — e. 'Saltatoria, 
 Chorea — e. Uterina, Lorind matricis. 
 
 ^J'ii£i'S/£,li5pilepsy-^e.77«^nKe, Hysteria 
 — f . Vertige, See Epilepsia. ^ 
 
 EP'ILEPSY, '«{>! vcuo-oc, (rc\l]vitix vOuo-Of, 
 Epilep'sia, Epitep'sis, Ejdlemp'sis, 'Epilen'tia, 
 Syspa*sia Epilepsia, CataXen'tia, De'ciden'iia, 
 Fas'sio cadi'va, Morhis cotr^t^ialis, M, cadu'- 
 eus,M,Hercu'l6Us,Herach*us morbus,^, sacer, 
 M. astra'lis, M. sidera'tus, M. dasnuyniiaciis, M. 
 SanctiJ'okan*nis,M,fcBduSfHieran'osus, M,pit- 
 eri'lis, Deprehen'sio, Clonos epilep'sia, Hieran'- 
 osos, Prehen'sio, Pedif'io, Epilep'tica pas'sio. 
 Morbus magnus, M. Major, M. Interlu'nius, 
 
 M, divikuv^^M. damo'nius, M, son'tieus, M, 
 aeUni'acus, M, lunat'icus, M. niensa'lis, M. 
 deif'icus, M. seeles'tus, M.^vitriola'tus, M, 
 viridel'lusj M. Sancti Valenti'ni, Malum atdW- 
 eum, Anahp'sia, Catapto'sis, Insa'nia cadi'va, 
 "Apoplex'ia pafva,Cadu'ea pas'sio, Lues divi'- 
 na^ Vit^ium cadu'euvi seu diei'num seu Her- 
 CuTeum, Falling ficiness, (F.) Mai caduc, 
 Mai divin, Mai Saint-Jean, MaLde Terre, 
 Haut-mal. The woi;d is derived from miKain- 
 fiatu, ' I seize upon.' It is a disease of the brain, 
 ,whi«h may either be idiopathic or symptomatic, 
 spontaneous (yT acoidental, and which occurs in 
 paroxysms, with uncertain intervals, between. 
 These paroxysms are characterized by loss of 
 sensation add convulsive motions of the mus- 
 cles. Frequently, th4 fit attacks suddenly; at 
 other itimes,' it is preceded by indisposition, 
 vertigo, and stupor. At times, before the loss 
 of consciousness occurs, a sensation of a cold 
 vapour is felt, hence called aura epilep'tica. 
 This appears to rise in some part of -thp body, 
 proceeds- towards the head; and as soon -as it 
 has reached the brain the patient falls- down, 
 Th^ ordinary duration of a fit is from 5 -to 20 
 minutes. Sometimes it goes off in a few se- 
 conds; at others, it ia protracted for hotirs. In 
 all cases, there is , a loss bf sensation, sudden 
 falling down, distortion 0']^ the eyes and face; 
 countenance of a red, purple or violet colour; 
 grinding of the teeth; .foaming at' the' mouth; 
 convulsions of the limbs.; difiicult. respiration, 
 generally stertorous ; with, sometiniesj involun- 
 tary disbluirge of faeces and urine. , After the 
 fit, the patient retains not the least recollection 
 of what has jjassed, butremains, jbr some time, 
 aflTected witft head-ache, stupor, and lassitude. 
 
 The fliseaSe is in the brain', and is generally 
 organic ; but it may be functional and sympto- 
 matic of irritation in other parts, as in thg.sto- 
 tnach, bowels, &c. ' The prognosis, as to ulti- 
 mate recovery, is unfavourable. It' does not, 
 however, frequently destroy life, but is apt to 
 lead to mental" imbecility.' Dissection has not 
 thrown light on its pathology. 
 
 , To the . attacks of epilepsy which are unac- 
 companied by conviilsioiiB-, as is sometimes the 
 case, the Frenchgive the name Fetit-mal, and 
 £pilepsie Vertige. WheiS furious mania suc- 
 ceeds to a paroxysm, it is termed Mtmia epi- 
 leptiea and Epileptic Delirium, 
 
 In the treatment, the cause must be sought 
 aft^r,and if possible removed. Intheparoxysm, 
 but little' can be done; but as the tongue is 
 Hable.to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may 
 be kept open by putting a cork or piece of 
 wood between them. If the fit have been 
 br<5ught on by indigestible food, the stomach 
 must be cleared. It is between the paroxysms 
 that the great effort must be made. Generally, 
 therp is considerable irritability and debility of 
 the, nervous system, and hence tonics have been 
 found the best remedies. Of these, perhaps the 
 most powerful, in epilepsy, is the drgenti ni- 
 tras, given regularly and continued for months, 
 if .necessary. Preparations of iron, copper, and 
 zinc, have also been used, and the general class 
 of the vegetable tonics and antispasmodics. 
 Counter ii-ritanb, as blisters, moxa, &c., may 
 be employed, if necessary, along with this 
 course. 
 
 Unfortunately, in many cases, these means 
 are found insufficient, and all that can be done 
 
EPILEPTIC 
 
 330 
 
 EPIPLO-ISCHIOCELS 
 
 is to palliatej removing caiefuUy all exciting 
 causes; such as the lise o/ spitituous liquors, 
 strong emotions, violent ex^cise, &c. j and 
 regulating the diet, ,. . ' 
 
 EPILEP'TIC, Efilep'ticus, Epilep'ttis, Int- 
 nat'icuB, Cadvlcan'^; sanle etymon. . One at- 
 tacked with epilepsy. Any thipg relating to 
 epilepsy; 'as an epilep'-tic individual; an epi- 
 ie'p'tie^ symptom.. Some authors al^o speak, o( 
 epileptic remedies. - ' ■ 
 
 SjPILEPTUS, Epileptic. 
 EPI'M'ANES. . A name given to a maniac 
 when in a paroxysm! 
 
 EPIMELE'TAI, from fa-iAitMo^toi, (se-i, anS" 
 fieXiB,) ' I take care pf.' A name by which, the 
 ancient Persians called the curefs of vmv/ads-, 
 who followed their armies. 
 
 EPIMOR'IOS, f^nec^ual;' frop ««, and 
 fteii<!<, ' I divide.' An epithet applied to tlie 
 pulse when unequal. — Galen. 
 
 M.PINARD, Spinacia-^e. Sauvuge, Cheno- 
 podium bonus Henricns. ' , 
 
 ,^PXZV£^Spine — e. duDos, Vertebral column 
 — i. Gutturifle, Nasa,l spih^, inferior and poste- 
 rior — e. Sphinpidaie, Sphenoidal sp^ne-^e. Yi- 
 «fe*{«^ Oxycantha Galeni. 
 
 EPINEMESIS, Dispensation. 
 EPINEPH'ljiLOS, Nubiio'sus. Presenting 
 a cloud. Applied. to the urine. — Hippocrates. 
 
 M.PINEUX, Spinous—^, du li0s,gfahd,%pi- 
 nalip dorsi major i see Interspinales -dorsi et 
 lumborum — e. du DoSf petit, see Interspinales 
 dorsi et lnrr(borum.~ ■ ' 
 ^PINGLE, Pin. , , 
 
 iPINlME, SpinaU 
 EPINOTION, Scapula. 
 EPINtp'TIDES, from «;r), 'upon,' and m%, 
 'the night.' Eruptions which appear oh the 
 skin in the night, and disappear in the day. 
 Pus'tula livens et no.c'tibus inij'uie'tans.-^'Piiny. 
 EPINYCTI? PRURIGINOgA, Urticaria. 
 £.PIONEf Decidua. ; 
 
 EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm super- 
 added to an ordinary paroxysm. 
 EPIPASTON,.Catapasm. . 
 
 EPIPE'CHU, t!riTi(/u, from i7ri,''upon,' and 
 "VX''h 'the elbow.' The upper part of the 
 elbow. — Gorrseus. 
 EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva. 
 EPIPHjENGM'ENON, Ppstappa'rens; same 
 etymon. Any kind of adventitioiuB. symptom 
 which occurs during the progrfess pf an aifec 
 
 occurs when the tears cannot pass intp Jhe duc- 
 tus ad nasum. Occasionally, it is owing to 
 the tears being s^reted iii tPoy;r(sat, quantity; 
 as in certain cases of 'ophtibalmia.. The treat- 
 ment must of course be^directed to the reiiJoval 
 of the cause. , 
 
 Epiphora, Epidrbme, Ophthalmia-;-e. Alvi, 
 Diarrhoea-:— e. Ptyalismus, Salivation. 
 
 EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous- diseases. 
 
 EPIPH'YSIS, Additamen'tv/m, from twi, 
 'upon,' and^i<ai,^'Iarise.' Any portion of 
 a bone, separated from the body of the tone by 
 a cartilage,' which becoines converted into bone 
 by age. ^ The epiphysis of tlie' fcetus becomes 
 the, apophysis of the adultl ' ■ ' ' 
 
 EEIPHYSIS CflUKIS LOHGIOKIS Incudis, Os 
 
 orbiculare. 
 
 EP'IPHYTE, from t™, 'uppn,' and <pt/ior, ^ 
 plant.' A parasite derived frem tfie vegetable 
 kingdom^- ' Epiphyte^ are divided by Vogel into 
 I. Vegetations in the huiMan fluids, v^z. the 
 tor'ula eerevis'ia in vomited fluids and faecal 
 evacuations', and the sar'dtia ventric'idi. 2. 
 Vegitatiofis. oil ther external skin and its ap- 
 pendages, viz.j in tinea "favosa, mentagra, her- 
 pes tonsurans and plica polonica, and, 3. 'Vege- 
 tations on the mucous fnerabrane,-rfbr example, 
 in t^e aphthae of children; in the "cicatrices of 
 the mucous membraBB after typhus, &c. 
 
 EPIPLASMA, Catapla&m. Galen uses it 
 especially for an application of -^yheaten flour, 
 boiled, in hydrelseum,, and applied to wounds. 
 
 E'PIPLE'GI.\, frona ts-i^ 'above,' andVj),j,ii, 
 ' a strok^.' Pa'raly&is of the upper extremities. 
 
 EPIPLEKO'SIS, frpm en*, 'augmentative,' 
 and^7I^*;galo■^«, 'repletipn.* Excessive reple- 
 tion ; distention. 
 
 EPIP'LOCE, from' stt/, 'upon,' and jrJ^io, 'I 
 twine.' Coition. Entanglement. 
 
 . Epip'iocE ■iNTESTipiA'i.is, CBrn^lomera'tvo in- 
 testi-no'riiM. Con^lomerationof the intestines. 
 
 EPIPXOCE'LE, from s.iiTi^oov, «"oinentum,' 
 
 d xttXti, ' tumoiii?.' Epiploic het'nia, Zirba'li^ 
 
 and 
 
 hemia,Hernid omenta'lis, Omental hernia, (F.) 
 Hernie de I'epiplolm. 6mtental hernia is re- 
 Cognised — but al; times with difljcnlty — ^by a 
 soft, linequal, pasty tumour, in vf Hich no gurg- 
 ling sound is heard on pressing or reducing it. 
 It is less dangerous than hernia of the intestines. 
 EPli'LO-ENTEROCE'Ll;, from tm^Xm, 
 'the omentum,' itttpaVi 'intestine,' and «iix», 
 ' tumour.' ■ Hernia, formed by t&e epiplflon and 
 tion : and which is not as intimately cjinnected I ^ portion of intestine. It is rnoie commonly 
 with the existence of the disease as the symp- 1 <^^\si'En'tero-fpiploce'li. ~ 
 toras — properly so called. ^ 
 
 EPIPHA'NIA, fr'otp s«i, ' upon,' ^nd tfaimi, 
 'I exhibit.' The external appearance of the 
 body. — Castelli. 
 
 EPIPH'LEBUS, from st., 'upon,' and <txi-^, 
 'a vein.' An epithet given to those whose 
 veins are very apparent. — Hippoc, Aretseus. 
 EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation. 
 EPIPHLOGISMAJ Erysipelatous inflamina- 
 tion. 
 EPiPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogpsis. 
 EPIPH'OBA, Daoryno'ma, Lachryma'tio, 
 Delachryma'tio, ,Illachrymct'iii>, Stillicid'ium 
 laehryma'rum, Oc'ulus lach'ripnans ; from ciri- 
 Wfai, (sTi, and ^nu,) 'I carry tp.' "Weeping. 
 (F.) Jjarmoiemmt. The watery eye; — an in- 
 vpluntary and constant flow of tears upon the 
 cheek. It is almost always symptomatic of 
 some disease of the lachrymal passages, and 
 
 EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE, £;)iyo- 
 
 enterosehoce'le, from imnXitv, ' omentum,'' im- 
 /ov, 'intestine,' oir;fM»,?scrotum,'apdxijJi), 'rup- 
 ture.' ■ Hcrni* with omentum and intestine in 
 the scrotum. • , , 
 
 EPIP'LOIC, Bpiplp'ieui:: 'Reh.tmgto the 
 epiploon. , ' , , " 
 
 Epiploic Appeb'dagj;s ; Appetidie'iila' epi- 
 2>lo'icae, A. pinguediniisx, Fim'brix camo'sa 
 noli, Supplemen'ta epiplo'.ica. Prolongations of 
 the peritoneum beyond the surface of the .large 
 intestine, whiqh are analogous in texture and^ 
 ^rraagement to the epiploon. 
 
 Epiploic Ar'teriSs; 4''**''''« Epiplo'ica. 
 The arterial branches, which are distributed to 
 the epiploon, and which are given off by the 
 gastro-epiploicse. 
 
 EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from mmMov, 'the 
 epiploon,' lOjfior, 'the ischium,' and icniij, 'a 
 
EPIPLOITIS 
 
 331 
 
 EPISPASTICS 
 
 tumour.' Hernia formed by the epiploon 
 through the ischiatic notch. ' 
 
 EPIPLO'i'TIS, from tTrmXnct, 'the omen- 
 tum,', and i««ij denoting inflammation.-. Inflam- 
 mation of the omentum j Omenti'Hs, Empres-^ 
 ma peritoni'tis omentft'lis, Omenti inflamma'tio', 
 Enteri'iis epiptoVtis, Omente'sis. .A form of 
 partial, peritonitis. 
 
 EPIPLOMEROCKXE, -from enriirAoo)', 'the 
 Opientum,' /xijfct, 'the thigh,' wid xiiJi/, 'a tu- 
 mour.' , Femoral hernia, formed hy the epip- 
 looh. ' , 
 
 EPlPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplomphalon. 
 . E P IP L M'P H AE, N, , Epiplodmiphalon, 
 EpiploTnpkaioce'le^ Semia ti^miilica'tis, from 
 tHuiKoQn, 'the omentum,' and o^i»«mc, 'the 
 navel.' Umbilical Jhernia, formed by the epip- 
 loon. 
 
 EPIPLOM'PHRASIS, from jtitixoov, 'the 
 epiploon,' and t/if^mriru, ' I obstruct.' Indura- 
 tion of the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES;,fi'om uris-xoov, 'the 
 epiploon,' and xofitta, 'I carry.' One who has 
 the omentum morbidly large. Also, one la- 
 bouring under epiplodele. 
 
 EPIPLOON, Epip'loum, fTom\nii, 'above,' 
 and vKtm, ' I swim or float.' Omen'titm, Reti, 
 Retic'ulmn; Dertrbn; Zirbus, Gan'gam,i, GarC - 
 gamum, Operime7i'tuvi 'intestuio'rum^acctis epi' 
 ploicus, Sage'na. The Caul, A prolpnga/tion 
 of the peritpneumj^ which floats above apportion 
 of the'intestines; and is fbriried of two mernbfa- 
 nous layers, with vessels and fatty bands dis- 
 tributed through it. Anatomists have described 
 several epiploons. The uses of the omentum 
 are but little known. The chief 'one seems to 
 be, tp retain^ the viscera in situ, and to give 
 passage to vessels. - ; ' , 
 
 Epiploon, Colic, Colic Omentum, 0, co'li- 
 eam, Third' Epiploon or Omfintttm, is a dupli- 
 cature of the peritoneum, situate along the as- 
 cending portion of the colon, as far as its junction 
 with the transverse portion. It is behind the 
 great epiploon, and fills up the angle formed by 
 the junction of the ascending with the trans- 
 verse colon. Its two laminae are separated by 
 colic arteries and veins. ' > . ' 
 
 Epiploon, Gasteo-Colic, Great Omentum, 
 Omentum gustro-co'licwmf UTnentUTii Tnajus, Pe- 
 ritona'um. duplica'tum, RetS m'ajus, Zirbus 
 adipi'nus, consists of an extensive duplicature, 
 which is free and floating oh the folds of the 
 intestines. It is quadrilateral, :tnd Idnger on 
 the left side than on cthe right :— its base being 
 fixed, anteriorly, |:o the great curvature of the 
 stomach; and, posteriorly, to the arch of the 
 colon. It is formed of two laminae, each con- 
 sisting of two others.. In this epiploon a num- 
 ber bf-vessels is distributed, ^and there is much 
 
 fat; ■ ■ , ' " . . ^ 
 
 Epiploon, GAsi^o-HEPATic, Lesser Omen- 
 tum, Omentum hfip'aio-gas'ttimim,. Omentum 
 minus, Membra'na motctlen'tior, is a duplicature 
 of the peritoneum, which extends transversely 
 from the right side of the ca,rdia to the corres-r 
 ponding extremity of the fissure of the 'liver, 
 arid downwards from this fissure to the^ lesser 
 curvature of the stomach, the pylorus and duo; 
 denum. Below it is the foramen or hiatus of 
 WiNSLow ; and between its laminae are lodged 
 the biliary and hepatic vessels. It contains 
 hut little fat. If air be blown in at the foramen 
 
 of Winslow, the cavity of the omentum wjU 
 be rendere(^ perceptible, , _ 
 
 Epiplooii, Gastko-Splenic, Oastro-Splenie 
 Omentum, 0. Gastro-sple'nicum- A reflec- 
 tion of the peritoneum, which passes between 
 the concave surface of the spleen and the sto- 
 mach, from the cardiac orifice to pear its great 
 curvature, and which lodges the yasa .brevia 
 and splenic vessels between its laminaa. 
 ^EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from mixlm, 
 •the epiploon,' »«{?, 'flesh,' and ofitpaxbc, 'the 
 navel.' Uinbilical hernia, formed of indurated 
 omentum. ' 
 
 EPIPLOSCHEOCE'LE, EpiyofcAojsfl'/^, 
 fromeTiTtxoov, • the epiploon,' oo-5cioy, ' the scro- 
 tum,' and xi/Jij, 'tumour.' Scrotal hernia, 
 formed by a displ?iceinent of the epiploon. 
 
 EPIPLOUM, Epiploon. - • 
 
 EPIPORO'M A , from iTireo job, (ejt*, and»rag s m,) 
 'I harden.' A tophaceous concretion, which 
 forms in the joints. The callus of fracture. 
 
 EPIRRHOE, Epirrkcefa, froni tni, 'upon,' 
 and flu, ' I flow.' AfSux or congestion- of hu- 
 mours. — Hippocrates. 
 
 EPIRRHCEA, Epirrhoe. 
 
 EPISAROIDIUM, Anasarca. 
 
 EPIS'CHESIS, Retention:; from eTiir;fuu, « I 
 restrain.' A suppression of excretions. 
 
 EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os. 
 
 EPISCOPALESVALVULiE, Mitral valves. 
 
 EPlSEION, Piibisi (os). Vulva, Labium Pu- 
 dendi, Tressoria. 
 
 EPISEMA'SIA, f^rom mi^finaam, (s>r/, ^d 
 'trtj/ia, ' a sign,?) ' I afford some sign.' Sema'sia. 
 Ithas been used synonymously with sign, and 
 alsd with the invasion of an attack of fever. 
 See Annotatio. 
 
 EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar. 
 • , EPISICEDE'lVrA, from iTuruov-, ' the labja pu- 
 dendi,' and o«i});^a,''cEdema.' (Edema of the 
 labia piidendi.' ~ ^ 
 
 EPISION, Episeion. . ' 
 
 'EFISIONCVS, Episi'ophy'ma, from i7r,^eiot, 
 (modern,) ' the labium pudendi,' and oyxof , ' a 
 tumour.' Tumor labia'rum. A swelling or tu- 
 mour of the labia pude'ndi. 
 
 EPiSIOPHYMA, Episioncus. 
 
 EPISI0RRHA6"IA, from t.Ti7t«v, 'the labia 
 pudendi,' and jayij, ' rupture.' Hemorrhage 
 from the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISIpR'RHAPHY, EpisiorrhapJi'ia, from 
 tTiiaUM, (modern,) ' the labium pudendi,' ' the 
 vulva,' and gxifti, ' suture.' An operation prac- 
 tised in cases of prolapsus uteri, which consists 
 in paring the opposing'surfaces of the lajjia pu- 
 dendi, bringing them together and uniting 
 them by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of 
 the vulva. 
 
 EPISO'i'TIS, from liririicv, ' the labia puden- 
 di,' and itis, denoting ' inflammation.' Inflam- 
 mation of the labia pudendi. 
 
 EPISPA'DIA; Hyperspa'dia ; same etymon 
 as the ijBxt. The condition o? an Epispadias. 
 
 EPISPA'DIAS, Epispadis'us, Anaspd dias, 
 Anaspadiae'us, Hyperspc^ dias, Hyperspadiie'us, 
 from mi, ' above)' and ffTram, " I Jraw.' The 
 opposite to Hypospadias. One who has a pre- 
 ternatural opening of the urethra at the upper 
 part of the penis. 
 
 EPISPAS'TICS,i?j)i«pi«'«icra,fle/c'itic«,(F.) 
 Apispastiques ; same etymoii.. An epithet for 
 every medicinal substance, which, when ap- 
 plied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and more 
 
EPISPASTICUM 
 
 322 
 
 EPIZOOTIA 
 
 or less redness, followed by separation of the 
 epidermis, which is rafsed up by effused serum. 
 Cantharides and mustard are epispastics, ' See 
 Blister and Derivative. 
 
 EPISPASTICUM, Blister; 
 
 £PlSPAStlQUE&, Epispastics. 
 
 EPISPASTUM, Catapasma. 
 
 EPISPHjE'RIA, from itij 'upon,' and o-ipoijo, 
 'a sphere.' Some physiologists have 'applied 
 this term to the different convolutions and sinur 
 ositiesi presented by thfe external surface, of the 
 brain. 
 
 EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature. 
 
 EPISTACTISfCHESIS, from im<rra^,e, 
 'epistaxis,' an.d in/nf, ' tO' restrain.' Arrest 
 of bleeding from the nose. . ' 
 
 EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle. 
 
 EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tia, from t^i, 
 ' upon,' and OTStu, 'I rest.' X substance which 
 swims at the surface of urine. It is opposed 
 to the hypoitasiis or sediment. Epista'sis has 
 also been employed synonymously vpith sup- 
 pression. 
 
 EPISTAX'IS, from fm, 'npon.'iand errata, 
 * I flow, drop by drop.' Haviorrha'gia activa 
 na'riuni) It. narin'ea, H, nd'Tium, Epistaax'is 
 J7ifiio*rum, JEpistax'is arterio'sa, Haemorrkin'ia, 
 HeEmorhinnrrhag"iay HtEmatis'mus,^ Choanor- 
 rhag"ia, BM7iorxhag"ia, Stillicid'iumsenStil- 
 la'tio Sanguinis e fiar^itii^t^ HeTfiorf^h'^ge froTti 
 the pituitary membrane, Bleeding at the nosef 
 (F.) Himorrhdgie hastale, Saignemeht du nei^ 
 Simorrhinie. This is one of the most common 
 varieties of hemorrhage; the organization of the 
 Schnelderian membrane being fayourablp to it, 
 as the blood vessels are but sliglitly Supported. 
 It does not^generally flow from both nostrils, 
 and is very apt to recur.' Puberty is the pe- 
 riod at which it is most common. It^ exciting 
 causes Tire: — ^any thing that will induce local 
 congestions, as running, coughing, blowing 
 the ndse, &c,, provided there be a pre^spo,- 
 sition to it. A common case of epistaxi^- re- 
 quires but little treatment, especially if in a. 
 young person. Light, diet and a dose or two of 
 the sulphate of magnesia will be sufficient. In 
 more severe attacks, cold and astringeiit washes 
 oj alum, sulphate of zinc, weak sulphuric acid, 
 or creosote may" be used, and the nostrils be 
 plugged anteriorly; but if the bleeding goes on 
 posteriorly, the posterior nares must be pljigged 
 likewise, — Qie patient being kept with the head 
 raised. The flow of blood has been arrested, 
 by directing the patient to stand up with his 
 head elevated, compressing the nostril whence 
 the blood flows with ll^e finger, raising the cor- 
 responding arm perpendicularly, and holding it 
 in this position for about two minutes. A Jess 
 vigorous circulation through the' carotids ap- 
 pears 'to result -frorti the increased, force re- 
 quired to carty on the circulation through the 
 upper extremities when raised, — Nfegri^r. To 
 prevent the recurrence, strict diet must be in- 
 culcated. 
 
 EPISTER'NAL, E'^stirna'Us, from it/, 
 ' upon,' and o-risvov, 'the sternum.'-' An^epithet 
 applied, to two bones, which form part of the 
 sternum, and are situate upon its superior and 
 lateral part. In the young subject, they are 
 attached to the sternum by a synovial inem- 
 brane, and a fibrous capsule. They have some- 
 what the appearance of the pisiform bones, but 
 are of a greater size. ' 
 
 EPISTHOT'ONOS, from iirio-fi,,, ' forwards,' 
 and TEivM, 'I extend.' A spasm of the, mus- 
 cles, drawing the body forwards. The word 
 vmjf'rosthotonos is more commonly employed. 
 EPISTROPHE, Relapse* 
 EPIStROPHEUS, Axis. • 
 EPISTpOPHUS,Axis. 
 EPISYNAN'CHE, (sTTi, and synanche or 
 c'ynanche,) Episynan'gi'na. i A Greek word, 
 used by a rtiodern writer for spasm of the 
 pharynx, -by which deglutition is prevented, 
 and the solid and liquid fodd driven back to- 
 wards the mouth or nasal fossae. 
 , EPISYNTHET'IC, EpisynnKet'icus, fxom 
 tT^^u^T/^(;(Ul (i!r/, o-uii, and •tt6ti/ii,) 'to collect, 
 accumulate.' The name gf a medical Sect, 
 whose object it was to reconcile the principles 
 of the Methodists with those of the Empirics 
 and Dogmatists. Leonides of Alexandria seems 
 to have been one of the first partisans of this 
 sect; of which we kiiow littlfit . 
 
 EPIT'ASIS, from siri, and thkm, 'tp ex- 
 terid,' The period of violence of a fever, 
 (Feliris.inten'sia,')a.tta.ck 01 paroxysm; some- 
 times it ^s used inthe ^ame sense as epistasis, 
 for ' sitppressio7i,' i 
 
 EPITELIUM, Epithelium. 
 .; EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'Uuiii,Epitke^lU,$n- 
 depiderm'is,fiome!rt,'wpqn,^a.nd'd:iiiti,'^m]>f\e.' 
 The thin .lay el- of epidermis, which covers parts 
 deprived of derma, properly so called,— as the 
 nipple, inucous membranes, lips, &c. Modern 
 histologicalresearches hate-shown, that it ex- 
 ists, in different {oiTas,piivement and cylinder 
 atid vihratile or ciliated epithelium; aild that It 
 is. seen in various parts^ii, the bloodvessels, 
 arid ey«n in the ventricles of the brain.. 
 
 EP'ITHEiyi, Epitli'jemd or Epithe'ma, from 
 •mi, 'upon,' and Tr^ijjxi, 'I put.'. This'^term is 
 applied to every topical application which can- 
 not be classed either under ;ointments or plas- 
 ters. Thrpe,sorts of epithems have been usu- 
 ally distinguished, — the liquid, dry and .soft, 
 which comprise fomentations, hags filled mtk 
 dry substar^ces, and cataplasms. 
 
 EPITH'ESIS. Same etypiion. The rectifi- 
 cation of crooked limbs by m^ans of instru- 
 ments. 
 
 EPITHYM'I^, from tjri, 'upon,' and ivfm, 
 'desire.' Morbid desires or longings. 
 EPITHYMI A M A, Eumigation. 
 EPITROCH'LEA, from t^n, 'upon,' and 
 -r|o/*i(a, 'a pulley.' That which js situate 
 apdve a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to 
 the unequal, round protuberance, situate on the 
 inside of the inferior extremity of the humerus 
 above its articular trochlea. It is the ■ part 
 usually called the inner- or lesser condyle 
 of the humerus; From it originate several 
 muscles of the forearm, to which it has given 
 part of their names, accprding to the system of 
 Chaussier. ■ ' ' 
 
 £P ITROgHLO-CARPI-PALMAIRE,- 
 Palmaris longus — e. Cubito-carpien, see Cubi- 
 tal muscles — e. Metacarpien, Palmaris magnus 
 — ^c. Phalanginien commnn. Flexor sublimis 
 perforatus — e. Radial, Pronator radii teres. 
 
 EPIZO'A, (^F.) Epizoaires, Ectoparasites, 
 from E!T,,,' upon,' and Cuiov, 'an animal.' Para- 
 sitic animals, which infest the surface of the 
 body, or the common integument. 
 
 EPIZOb'TIA, Epizooty. Same etymon. A 
 disease which reigns amongst animals. It cor- 
 
EPOCHfi 
 
 323 
 
 ERETHISM 
 
 responds, in the veterinary art, to epidemy in 
 medicine. 
 
 EP'OCHE, from em, and e/», ' to have or to 
 hold.'- Doubt, suspension of j'udgmeht-^Sw*- 
 jien'sa smiten'tia.. Sometimes empl6yed in the 
 same sense as episcktsis- Or suppressioa." 
 
 EPOCHETEUSIS, perivalion: 
 
 EPODE, Incantation. 
 
 EPO'MIS, Superkumera'le, froip *ni, 'vtpon,' 
 and o^toc , ' the shoulder'.' The acromion. TBe 
 upper part of the shoulder. — Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium. 
 
 EPOMPHALION, Uterus. 
 
 EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epoinphal'ictim, from 
 (m, 'upon,' and o^^aJos, 'the navel.' A me- 
 dicinej which, when. placed upon the^imbilicus, 
 moves the belly. — Paiilus of ^gina. 
 
 MFONGE, SpongiaT^e. d'Eglantier, Bede- 
 gar. ■ , 
 
 MFOQUESy Menses. 
 
 EPOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 EPOSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 APREINTES, Tenesmus. 
 
 EPSEMA, Decoction. 
 
 EPSESIS, Decoction, ElLxatio. 
 
 EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ep- 
 som is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from 
 London. The water is a .simple saline; — con- 
 sisting chiefly of sulphate of magnesia, which 
 has consequently received the name of Epsam 
 Salts, though no longer prepared from,the Ep- 
 som wat<r. 
 
 MPX/ISEMENTyExtaiustion. 
 
 EPU'LIS^ from it/, 'upon,' and ov^<.r, 'the 
 gum.' Odctn'tia -excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'Us, 
 TJlon'cus, Excrescen'tia-'gingi'^tR, 'An excres- 
 cence on the gum, sometimes ending in cancer. 
 
 EPULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 EQUAL, Mqud'^lis. Anepithet.applied par- 
 ticularly to the pulse and to respiration. The 
 pulse and respiration are equal, when' the pul- 
 sations and inspirations which succeed each 
 other are alike in every respect. 
 
 EQUILIB^RIUM, from aquus, ' e^ual,' and 
 librare, 'to weigh.' • In inedicine, this word is 
 sometimes used to designate that sfate of or- 
 gans, fluids, and forces, which constitutes 
 health.' 
 
 EQUINA CAUDA, see|Cauda Equina. 
 
 EQUI'NIA, from eqtdnus, 'beloriging to a 
 horse.' Glanders, (F.) Morve. A dangerous 
 conCagioils disorder, accompanied by a pustular 
 eruption, which arises from inochlation with 
 certain diseased fluids generated in. the horse, 
 the; ass and the mule. Two forms are met 
 with, — E. mitis, contracted from hor-ses af- 
 fected with grease, and E. glamdulo'sa, a dan- 
 gerous and commonly fatal disease communi- 
 cated to man, either in the acute or chronic 
 form, from the glandered horse. The veteri- 
 nary surgeons make two Varieties of the'disease 
 in the horse — Glafider$,'Ma*lia, Malfas'mus, 
 Ma'lie, Matis, Malleus ; zxid. Farcy glanders, 
 Farcino'ma, (F.) Morve farcineuse: — the for- 
 mer affecting the pituitary fmembrane and occa- 
 sioning a profuse discharge from the nostrils, 
 with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which 
 soon suppurate and ulcerate, being attended by 
 symptoms of malignant fever and by, gangrene 
 of various parts : — ^the latter being the same 
 disease, but appearing in the shape of small tu- 
 mours about the legs, lips, face, neck, &c. of 
 
 the horse; sometimes very paihfulj suppurating 
 and degenerating into foul ulcers. They are 
 often seen together. 
 
 The inild. cases require little treatment bit 
 rest ; the more Severe generally resist all re- 
 medies. 
 
 EQUISETUM ARVENSE, &c., see Hippvr- 
 ris vulgaris — e. Minus, Hippnris vulgaris. 
 
 EQUITA'TION, Eqnita'tio, Hippei'a, Hip- 
 pa'sia, Hipptf'sis ; from eqnus, 'a horse.* 
 Horsebaei exercise. A kind of exercise', ad- 
 visable in mSriy diseases, althongh improper in 
 others — 'in uterine afleqtions, for^ instance. It 
 has been much recommended in phthisis pnlmo- 
 nalis.' ;It is less fatiguing than walking, and 
 consequently more available in disease. But 
 to prevent disease, where much exercise is re- 
 quired, the latter is preferable. 
 
 EQUIVOCAL, Mqui'b'ocu*, from aquns, 
 ' equail,'" and tioa, ' voice.' , -Those symptoms 
 are occasionally so denominated which belong 
 to several diseases. Generation is said to be 
 ';equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spon- 
 taneous. See Generation. 
 " EQUUS, Hippus. 
 
 i.R ABLE, Acer sn.ct'harmim. 
 
 ERAl)ICA'TiO.NiE>W4MWo,fromff,'rrom,' 
 and rac^ix, ' a root.' " The act of rooting ont, or 
 completely removing a disease. 
 ■ ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradi'cams: same etymon. 
 Any thing possessed of the power of completely 
 rooting out a disease. - 
 
 iRAILLEMENT JOES PAUFIkRES, 
 Ectropion. 
 
 EREBINTHUS, Acer arietiinam. 
 
 jEJIEC'TILE TISSUEi Tela, erec'tih's, from 
 erigeri, (e, and rigere,) ' to- erect,' '. to become 
 erect.' A tissue, whose principal character is: 
 — ^tq be susceptible oT dilatation, i. ^. of turges- 
 cence and increase of size^ It is formed of a 
 collection of arteries and veins, intermixed with 
 nervous filaments ; which form, by their nume- 
 roiis -anastomoses, a~ spongy substatice, whose 
 areola: communicate with each other. This 
 tissue exists ;in the corpora cavernosa of the 
 jienis and clitoris, at the lower' and inner sur- 
 face of the vagina, in the spongy ^ part of the 
 urethra, the lips, nipples, iris, &c. Sometimes 
 it is developed accidentally, and constitutes a 
 l^ind of organic transformation. 
 
 ERECTION, Erec'tio, Arrec'iio; same ety- 
 mon; , *rhe state of a part, in which, from 
 having been soft, it becomes stif^ hard, and 
 swollen by the accumulation of blood in the 
 areolse of its tissue, as in the case of the penis; 
 — Styma, Sty sis. 
 
 ERECTORCLITORiPIS,Ischio-caTernosns 
 — e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
 
 EREMACAU'SIS, from f^t)/"", ' waste,' and 
 tiauttic, ' combustion.' A term applied by Lie- 
 big to the slow cornbustidn, oxidation, or decay 
 of organic matters in air. 
 
 EREMIA, Acinesia. 
 
 ER'ETHISM, Brethis'mus, Erethis'ia, Irri- 
 tamen'tum, Jrrita'tio, from ije^itm, ' I irritate.' 
 rrritation. Augmentation of the vital pheno- 
 mena in any organ or tissue. Orgasm. Under 
 this name, Mr. Pearson has^described a state of 
 the constitution produced "by^mercury acting 
 upon it as a poison. He calls it Mercvirial 
 EretKism'us. It is characterized by great de- 
 pression of strength; anxiety about the prspcor- 
 dia ; irregular action of the heart; frequent sigh- 
 
ERETHISMA 
 
 334 
 
 KROTIC 
 
 ing; tremors; small, quick, sometimes inter- 
 mitting, pulse; occasional vomiting ; pale,, con- 
 tracted countenance, and sense of 9pldness; but 
 the tongue ii seldom furred, nor are tl^e vital 
 and natural funct^ions much disturbed. In this 
 state any sudden exertion may prove fatal. 
 
 ERETHISMA, Rubefacient. 
 , ERETHISMUS, Erethism, Irritation— e. 
 Ebriosorum, Delirium tremens — ;e. Hydropho- 
 bia, Hydroplrobia— e. Oneirodynia, .Incubus, 
 ParOniria — e. Simplex, Fidgets. 
 
 £RETHISTIC0S^Erethiticu3,Riibefa,cient. 
 
 ERETHITIC, Er^ethit'iciis, EretKis'ticus. 
 Belonging or relating to erethism, — aS "ere- 
 thitic pkenomena," or phenomena of irritation. 
 
 EREUGMOS, Eructation. 
 
 EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence. 
 
 ERGASMA, Myrrha. 
 
 ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo. 
 
 ERGASTERIITM, Laboratory. 
 
 ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, ^ a. spur.' Er'gota, 
 &eca'le cornu'tum, Clavus ■ secaW^Ui, Clavws 
 seca'Hsj Spermoe'dia clwvus,^ Mater sec^'lis, 
 Calear, Seea'lis mater, Secali liisou'rians, 
 Ustilt^go, Clavussilig^'inis,Fru^en'tum cor- 
 nu'titm, F. cornicula'tuMj Fi. luxu'rians, F. 
 tztr'gidum, F. , temulen'tum, Brizoe'er^aa, (?) 
 JHelanophy'ma, Spurred or Horned Rye, the 
 Spu^^ Hornseed, (F.) Seigle. ergotee, ,Ble 
 cornu. Ergot is generally considered to be the 
 result of a disease in rye^ occurring most fre- 
 quently when, a hot summer succeeds a rainy 
 Spring. DecandoUe', however, regard? it as a 
 parasitic fungus, and calls, it Scler'o'tiu^ clavus; 
 whilst Leveillfe esteems it to be a fungus giving 
 a coating to -the diseased' grain; the medical 
 virtues residing in the coating. This parasitic 
 fungus lie calls Sphaee'lia seg"etitm. More re- 
 cently, it has been maintained, that it is a dis- 
 eased state of the grain occasioned by- the 
 growth of a fungus not previously detected, to 
 which the name Ergota'tid abortemp sen ahorti- 
 f a' dens, has been given. It is found projecting 
 from among the leaves of the spike or ear; and 
 is a long, crooked excrescence, resembling the 
 spur, ot'a cock; pointed at its extremities; pf 
 a dark-brfawn colour externally, and white 
 within. 
 
 This substance has been long used in Germa- 
 ny to act on the uterus, as its names M u t^ 
 t e r k o r.n and Gebarpulver (womb- 
 grain, pulvis parturiens) testify. About 40 
 years ago, it was recommended in this country, 
 by Dr. John Stearps, of Saratoga County,. New 
 York, for accelerating parturition; and since 
 that period, numerous testimonials have been 
 offered in its favour. Half a drachm of the 
 powder- is gently boiled in half a pint of water, 
 and one-third part given every 20 minuses, until 
 proper pains begin. Some recommend the el^ar, 
 watery infusion ; others advise the powder ; 
 others the oil, and others the wine. It is ob- 
 vious, that in many cases the uterine, efforts 
 would return in the period which would neces- 
 sarily elapse in the administration of ergot,, so 
 that several of the cases, at least, of reputed effi- 
 cacy,, may not have be?o dependent upon the 
 assigned agent.' Ergot also possesses-^it is af- 
 firmed — narcotic virtues, which have rendered 
 it useful in hemorrhagic and other affections of 
 excitement. - ' 
 
 Bread, made of spurred rye, has been at- 
 
 tended with the effects described under Eaoo- 
 
 TISM. 
 
 fiiG^OT, Hippocampus minor. 
 ERGOXA, Ergot. 
 
 , ERGOTiETIA ABORT ANS, see Ergot-e. 
 Abbrtifaciens, see Ergot. 
 
 ER'GOTIN, Extracltwrn Er'gatse, Extract oj 
 Ergot, (F.) Ergptine,\Elictrait heiruastatique de 
 Bonjean, The extract of ergot has beeh found 
 an. excellent hemastatic .in the dose of tito 
 grains several .times a day. It has also been 
 used externally. , , 
 
 ERGOTINE, Ergotin. - 
 
 ER'GOTISM, Ergotis'mv,s,- ffpm ergota, 
 'ergot.' Morhus eerea'lis. Poisoning by ergot. 
 An affection pro4uced by the'use of the spurred 
 rye. At times, the symptoms are limited' to 
 verti^, spasms, and convulsions. See Cpnvul- 
 sio cerealis. Most commonly, there is torpor 
 , with numbness of the bands and feeti which 
 waste aw4y; lose sensation and the power of 
 motion, and sepSf^te from the body by dry gan- 
 ■igrene; Ergotis'maa Spkaedo'sus, 'Sphac"el-us 
 eerea'lis, Neero'sia eerea'lis, Gangra'na ustila- 
 gin'ea. Necrosis ustilagin'ea, ErgotorMitdm 
 mortific&tion, ( F.) Ergitiame gangrineux, 
 Gangrene des Solonois, Mai de Sologne, 
 
 ERGOTISMS CONTULSIVE, Convulsio 
 
 ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism— e. Spasmodicus, 
 Convulsio cerealis — e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism. 
 
 ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callii'm vulg^'ris, 
 'Common Heath, ' (F.) Brii^irevulgairf. This 
 has been regarded as diuretic-and diaphoretic. 
 
 ERIG"ERON . PHIL ADEL'PHIGUM, Sm- 
 hioua, S&evisch, Philadelphia Flea-Bjme, Ske- 
 visch Flea-Bane, Dpiisy, Coeash, Frostioeed, 
 Fieldweid, SgwcfWrweed, (F.)' Vergerette de 
 FhiladelphMe. ■ The plant has been used in de- 
 coction or infusion for gouty and gravelly com- 
 plaints, and it is said to operate powerjully as 
 a diuretic and sudorific; 
 
 EmsEEON Canaden'se, Can'ada Fleah(me,\s 
 considered to be allied in properties to the 
 above, and the same may be saii of Erigiron 
 Heterophyl"ly,7n, Sweet SeJa'Hous or vanous- 
 leaved Fleahane; all of which are in the secon- 
 dary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States. ' , 
 
 ERIGERUM, Seneeio. 
 
 MRIGNE, Uook. 
 
 iRINE, Hook. 
 
 ERIX, i(,il. This word signifies, in Galen, 
 the upper part of the liver. 
 
 ERODENS, Caustic. 
 
 ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos- 
 chatum. . . 
 
 EROMANIA, Erotomania. < 
 
 ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from w, ' sprii^g)' 
 and »o<ro; or vouo-os, 'disease.' A disease whicl 
 appears chiefly in spring. 
 
 EROS, Love. 
 
 EROSIO, Corrosion. 
 
 ERO'SlbN, Ero'sio, Diabro'sis,. Andbro'ds 
 Corro'sion, from srodere, (e, and rodere,) ' ti 
 eat away.' The action of a corrosive, sub 
 stance, or the gradual destruction of a paft by i 
 substance of that kind. It is often employed i: 
 the same sens.e as ulceration, spontaneous ero 
 sion, 
 
 EROT'IC, Erot'icus, from «?bs, ' love.' Tha 
 which is produced by love ; — as Erotic melan 
 (holy, E. delirium, &c. 
 
EROTICOMANIA 
 
 3i35 
 
 ERYSIPELAS 
 
 EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania. 
 
 EROTION, Melissa.. 
 
 'EB.OTOMA'NlAiBroma!ma,Ma'niaerot'icd, 
 from tjaif, ' love,' and niavia, ' mania;' A species 
 of mental alienation caused by lov.e. . 'Erotic 
 melftmcholy is Lov^ melancholy. Some authors 
 write it Brot'ico-mania. Also, Nymphomania. 
 
 ERPES, Herpes. 
 
 ERRABUNt)US, Planetes. 
 
 ERRAT'IC, Erraficus, Atac'toa, Afypos; 
 from errant, f to err.' Wandering, irregular. 
 That which disappears andrecurs at irregular" 
 intervals. Thia name is given to intetmittents, 
 Febres errat'iete, which observe ito type. Most 
 commonly, it is applied to pains or to any dis- 
 eased mariifeStiitionS, which are not fixed ; but 
 move from one part to another, as in gout, 
 rheumatism; erysipelas, &c. 
 ERREUR BE LIEU;Encit loci; 
 ER'RHINE-, ErrM'num or Er'rhinitm, Stir- 
 wutato'rium, Ster^nutatory, Ptar^ndcy/m, Apo- 
 ■phlegmat'isansper nafes, Nasa'le, from e>, ' intoj' 
 and jiF, « the nose.' . A remedy, whose action 
 IS exertgd on the ScHneiderian meinbrane ; ex- 
 citing sneezing and increased discharge. £r- 
 rhines have been chiefly used as local stimu- 
 lants in head affections. The chief are : Asari 
 Folia, . Euphorbiae gummi-resina, Hydrargyri 
 sulphas flav^s, Tabacum, and Veratr^m album. 
 ERRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
 ER'RHYSIS, ffom i», 'in,' and jsa, 'I flow.' 
 With «ome, a draining of. blood. A trifling 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 ERROR LOCI, Apoplahe' sis, (E.) Erffur de 
 Lieu, A teroa, frequeiitly used by B^ferhaave 
 to express deviation pf fluids, when rthey enter 
 Vessels not destined for them, Bgerhaave ad- 
 mitted several orders of capillary vessels; the 
 diameters of which went on diecteasing. The 
 largest received red blood : those which came 
 next received dnly white : others only lymph j 
 whilst the last of all were destined for yet inore 
 eubtile fluids — for a kind gf vapour. When the 
 red globules entered vessels destined for the 
 white, or the White those intended for the thin- 
 ner ^uids, there was, according to the theory of 
 BoerhaaVe, an error loci, and the proximate cause 
 of inflammation and other mischiefs. See Aber- 
 ratibii. ^ : . 
 
 • ERUCA, Brassica ernca, Sinapis. 
 ' . ERtJCTA'TION, (e, and ruetdre,yRucta'tid, 
 ■ Eifeug^otus,Er'yge, Eructa'tio, Ructus, Rueta'~ 
 m^n,' Ructua'tio, Erei^x'is, Restagna'tio, Ruft, 
 (iVi of England,) from eructare, ' to belch.' 
 Belching,- ^V .).Rot,Rappgrt, A sonorous emis- 
 sion, by tie jriputhi of flatus proceeding, from 
 the stomach. , When so frequent as to, occasion 
 • a diseased eondition, this is teimsi Kuetuo'sitaa, 
 Morbus rjuctuo'^sus. 
 
 ERFGATORIA, Tetanijthra. 
 £RUCrINEUX, jErugittoas. ■■ 
 ERUPTIO, Eruption— e,Exanthematis,Epa- 
 nastasis — e. Sanguinis, Hseiitorr'hagia. 
 
 ERUP'TION, Erup'tia, from erumpere, (e, 
 and rumpere,) 'to iSsue with violence,'' ' to 
 bres^k out.' This word has several meanings; 
 1 . The sudden and copious evacuation of any 
 fluid from a canal or cavity ;— of serum, blood, 
 pus, &c., for example. 2. The breakingout of 
 an exanthemj and, 3, the exanthem itself, whe- 
 ther simply in the form of a rash, or of pus- 
 tules, vesicles, &c, 
 
 ERUPTION ANOM:ALE,'Ro&eoh^e, Ro^ 
 saee, Rftseolae — e. Violetj lonthus. 
 
 ERUP'TJVE, Eruptivus, -That' Which is ac- 
 companied by an eruption. Thus sraall-poXj 
 measles, scarlet fever, miliaria, &c., are erup- 
 tive fevers. The terlii eneptiiie disease is nearly 
 synonymous with cutaneous disease. 
 
 ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum dra- 
 cunculus. 
 
 ERVUM ERVIL'IA, Or'otus, (F.) LentilU 
 Srs ou Orobe, In times of sfcareity, the seeds 
 haviB been made into bread, but it is said not to 
 be wholesome. The Ineal was once much used 
 in 'poultices: it was formerly called Orob'ion, 
 
 EitviiM Lens, Lens, PhatoSfihs Lentil, (F.) 
 Jjeritilie, 'Eixe seed, Pliace, Pha/cea, Phac^s, is 
 eaten in many places like peas : they are flatu- 
 lent and difiicult of digestion. 
 , ERY6E, Eructation^ . 
 
 ERYNGIUM, see E. Aqjiaticum. ■' 
 
 Eetm'gium AQUAT'icum,!^*?*- Bryn'go,Bitt- 
 tonSnaieRoot, iVw.Ori^c/ytrmbelliferae;' This 
 root, Eryn'giinn, {fh, V. S.;) is'n^arly allied to 
 the, contrayerva of the shopsj an,d acts more es- 
 pecially "as a sudorific. It ^s a secondary ar- 
 ticle in the Pharm." U. S. " 
 
 EEyu&iuM Gampes'tbe", C^«Sm»s Cap'ita,Ly- 
 rin'gi'Um,,Aster inquin,d'Us,Capit'ulum Martis, 
 Acus Yen'eris, -j(:F.) Panicaut, Chardon-Ro- 
 land, is sometimSs used for £. maripimum. 
 
 Eeyngium MAKft'iMUM. The Sia Molly or 
 Br'^n^o, ^the'rea Hcrba, (S,) .Panicaut Ma- 
 ritvnie', Eryngo: root has a slightly aromatic 
 odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is con- 
 sidered to be diuretic ahd expectorant,, but its 
 powers are so weak-, that it is scarcely ever 
 used. I ' . 
 
 ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritirhum— e. 
 Water, Eryngium aqiiaticunn. 
 ' 'ERJ^Ii/LiS^^Erys'imum officinale, Sisym'- 
 briunt dfficina'le, Cham^'plian, Hedge-mwUard, 
 (F.) Velar, Tortelle, Herbe aux chTz/ntres, This 
 ■was, formerly, much used, for its expectorant 
 E;nd diuretic Tjualities. The seeds, greatly re- 
 semble mustard. ' 
 
 Eetsimtjm Alliaria, AHiarid. 
 
 EkysiSium Barea'^ea, Barba'rea, (F.)Rerie 
 de Sainte Biarbe,hss been ranked amongSt the 
 antiscorbutic plants. See Alliaria. 
 
 ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the 
 next; A fan^ily of eruptiv^e .diseases, cdmpris- 
 ing. erysipelas, va^iol^, rubeola and scarlatina^ 
 
 ERYSIP'ELAS, from tei/o,, «Idraw in,' and 
 a-eXas, 'near.' Febris erysipelato'sa, Febris ery- 
 sipela'cea, Erythrop'y'ra, Emphly'sis Erysip- 
 elas, St, Anthony's fire, Ignis Sancti Anio'nii 
 I, Cplumel'la, Hiero^yr, Ictiri"tia rubra. Ignis 
 sacer. Rose, Rtibeaict'eri"tia, VieinitrcJha, Vioi- 
 nifrac'tus,Brunii's,Liigdus,(^,) Erysipele,Feu 
 St. Antoine, Feu sacre, -Xal Saint Antoine-. A 
 disease, so called because it generally extends 
 gradually to, the neighbouring parts. Superfi- 
 cial irifiammation of the skin, with general fever, 
 tension and swelling of the part ^ pstin and heat 
 more or less acrid ;- redness difiuse5l, but more 
 or less circutfiscribed, and disappearing when 
 pressed upon by the finger, but returning as soon 
 as the pressure is removed. Frequently, small 
 vesicles appearupon the inflamed part, v^hich dry 
 up and fall off, under the form of branny scales. 
 Erysipelas is, generally, an acute affection : its 
 medium duration being from 10 to 14 days. It 
 
ERYSIPELATODES 
 
 326 
 
 ESAFHll 
 
 Aelds, commonly, to general refrigerant reme- 
 dies. Topical' applications are rarely service- 
 able. , At jtimes, when the disease approaches 
 the phlegmonous character,) qopious bleeding 
 and other evacuant^s jnay be required, as in many 
 cases of erysipelas of the face^ but this is nqt 
 commonly necessary^ In most cases, indeed, 
 the general action seems deficient, and it be- 
 comes necessary to give tonics. 
 
 When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory 
 character, and invades the parts beneath,,it is 
 termed Erysiji'elas phlegmono'des, (F.) irysi- 
 pUe phlegmoneux: when accompanied with 
 phlyctense, and the inflammation terminates in 
 gangrene, Eryaip'elas gilngrano'sum, (-F.) Ary- 
 sipile gangreneux; and when associated, with 
 infiltration of serum, Erysip'elas dudeinato'iiumi, 
 (F.) irysipkle ademateux. , •■ ■ 
 
 Erysipelas GA'NSRiEN6suM,spe Erysipelas-f- 
 e. (Edematosum, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmo- 
 nodes, see Erysipelas — e. Periodica nervosa 
 chronica, P,ellagra-:-e. Phlyctenoides, Herpes 
 zoster — e. Pustulosa, Herpes zqster-^. Zoster, 
 Herpes zoster. 
 
 ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous. 
 
 ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, ErysipeluMdes, Erysi- 
 pelato'sus. Belonging to erysipelas; as an 
 erysipelatous affection. 
 
 EE.TsiPEii'i'Tous Inflammatiok, Inflomma'r 
 tio erysipelatd'''sa, Epiphlogis'ma, Cuti'iis, Der- 
 matt'tis, is the character of inflammation, which 
 distinguishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma eryjsipela- 
 to's'wm.x , ' • I , ' ' ,. - 
 
 iRYSIPkLE, Erysipelas — e. Ambulant,see 
 Ambulant — e. G&ngreneuxi see Erysipelas — e. 
 (Edemateux, see Erysipelas- — c. VhlegTnoj^eux, 
 see Erysipelas — e. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous 
 r—e. Pustuleux, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ERYSOS, Erythema. , 
 
 ERYTHE'MA, from Erythrai'os, Er'ythros, 
 'red, rose-coloured i? e^uS^ot, 'red,'^- Ery- 
 thre'ma, (F.) Mryt^kme', This name isj, some- 
 times, given to erysipelas, especially when 
 of a local character. Jt is, also, applied to 
 the morbid redness on the cheeks of the hec- 
 tic ; and on the skin' covering bubo, phlegmon, 
 &c. It forms the 6th genus of the 3d order, 
 Exartihemafa, of Bateman'-s classification . of 
 cutaneous diseases ; and is defined, " a nearly 
 continuous redness of some portion of the skin, 
 attended with disorder of the constitution, but 
 not contagious." Many varieties are described 
 by dermatologists, — for example, Ei intertri'go, 
 E.fugax, E. papula'tum, E. tubercula'tuia, E.. 
 ' nodo'sum, E. ItevE, E, centrifugum., E'. mai^gi- 
 na'tum, and E, acrodyn'ia. 
 
 Erythema Aceodynia, Acrodynum — e. Am- 
 bustio. Burn — e. Anthrax, Anthrax. ' 
 
 Erttbe'ma . Centrif'ugum. a variety of 
 erythema.attacking the face, commencing vi^ith 
 a small red spot, and spreading around, so as, 
 at times,, to affect the whole face. 
 
 Erythema Endemicum, Pellagra— e. a Fri- 
 gore,. Chilblain. ?» 
 
 Erythe'ma Fctgax. Patches of erythema, 
 that sometimes appear on the body in febrile 
 diseases, teething children, &c., and which are 
 of brief duration. J ' 
 
 Erythema GANSRiENOSuM, Anthrax — e. 
 Ichorosnm, Eczema mercuriale^ — e. Intertrigo, 
 Chafing,* 
 
 Erythe'ma L«ve, (F.) Arythime, leger. 
 Slight erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema. 
 
 Erythe'ma Maegina'tum, (F.) Arythhpu 
 marginal. A form in which the prominent 
 patches of erythema are distinctly separated 
 from the skin at their margins, 
 
 EbythemaMe^curjale; Eczema mercurial*. 
 - Erythe'ma NoDo'suM, (FJ) Erythkme noa- 
 eux. A more severe fprm of Erythema tuber- 
 culatunl. . . . ■■ f. 
 
 EEYTHfi'MA Papula'tum, (F.) ^rytheme pa- 
 puleux. , Patches of erythema, which are at 
 first ^apulafed, appearing ' on the face, neck, 
 breast, &c'., of females, and young persons more 
 especially. - . , , 
 
 Erythema !f ellagru^m, Pellagra — e. Pernio, 
 Chilblain. 
 
 Erythe'ma Sola'ke.- A name, given by the 
 Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended 
 with an eruption of small red spots or patches 
 on the parts that are exposed to the sun, 
 
 Erythe'ma Thbeegula'tum, E. tuberculp'-, 
 sum, (F , ) irythikme tifberculeuxt A form of ery- 
 thema in which tbe patches are in small lumps, 
 , ERYTB^M'ATOVS, Erythemat'ie, Erythe^ 
 mato'sus, Erythemal'itus,^(V .) Erythemateux, 
 Appertaining or relating to Erythema', 
 
 J^YTHMME, Erythema— e. Leg-er,pEryther 
 ma heye-^e,. Marginal, Erythema marginatum 
 — e. J^oUeux, Erythema nodosum — i. Fapvieux, 
 Erythema papulatum — e. Tubercuhux, Erythe- 
 ma tuberculatum, 
 
 ERYTHR.EA GENTAURIUM, Chironia 
 centaurium — e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chiror 
 nia Chilensis. 1 
 
 ERYTHREMIA,' Plethora. ■ 
 
 ERYTHRAN'CHE, Angi'nJ er^^pelato'^a,, 
 from ejt/SjoSj' red,' andaj-Kco, 'Isuffocate.' Hip- 
 sipelatous' or erythematous sore throat. ' , 
 
 ERYT"HREMA, Erythema. 
 
 ERYTHftOCH(ERAS;Cyn^nche parotidaea. , 
 
 ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia. , 
 -ER'YTHROID, Erythro'dis, ErythroVdes. 
 Reddish. ^ . 
 
 Erythroid t!oAT, Tu'mica erythro'des. Va-r , 
 ginal Coat of the testis. 
 
 Er'ythroid Ves'icXe, Vesidifla ErythroUea. 
 A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and 
 others. It is pyriform, and much longer than, 
 although of the satae breadth as, the umbilical 
 vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and others doubt its 
 being a physiological condition, 
 
 ERYTHRONIUM,-E. Ame^ica^um,' 
 
 Erythro'hium Am-etlioa'nvm, E.flavum,S. 
 dens canis, E. lanreola^tunt^ E. longifo'liwm, 
 Qofwrnon Erythro'nium, YellblaSna^e-leaf, Yd' 
 low Adder's tongue ^ Adder-leaf, Dog vi'olet, 
 Kattlesnahe^vi'olet, Lamb's to7tgue, Scrofula 
 root. Yellow Snowdrop. This plant is possessed 
 of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever, used. 
 The root and herb, Erythro'ninm, (Ph. U; S.,) 
 are in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States. < 
 
 Erythroi?ium Dens Cahis, E. Americanum 
 — e. Flavum, E. Americanum-^e. Lance6latum, 
 E. Americanum — e. Longifolium, E. America- 
 num. 
 
 ERYTHROPYRA, ErVsipelas. 
 
 ERYTHROSIS, Plethora. 
 ,ES'APHE, from nra.<i)aa,'l touch with the 
 fingers.'. (F.) Le Toucher- The introduction 
 of a finger or fingers into the vagina, for the 
 purpose of examining the condition of the ute- 
 rus. It is employed to verify the existence or 
 non-existence of pregnancy and its different 
 
ESCA 
 
 327 
 
 ESTOMAC 
 
 stages; to detect certain affectiops or faults of 
 confoimation in the genital organs and pelvis ; 
 and, during the process of accouchement, to ex- 
 amine into the piogiess. of lab6ui,^&c. 
 
 ESCA, Alitnent. 
 
 ESCARA, Eschar. 
 
 BSCARGOT, Ltmax. 
 
 ESCHALOTTE, £chalotte. , 
 
 ESCHAR, Ei'charfi, Ea'ck'ar, a tlough,a 
 trust or scab. The ciast or disorganized por- 
 tion, arising Horn the mortification of a . part, 
 and which is distinguishable from the liying 
 parts hy its colour, consistence, and other phy- 
 sical properties.. The inflammation which it 
 excites in the contiguous parts, gives occasion 
 to a secretion of pus between Jhe living and 
 dead parts,, which ultimately completely sepa- 
 rates the latter. 
 
 ESCHARA, Vulva. 
 
 ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icimi, from ia](*%a, 
 ' eschar.' A ny substance, which, when applied 
 npon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such 
 as caustic pdtfsssa: the co?icentrated manerhl 
 adds. &c. 
 
 EscHAKOTici Poison, see Poison. 
 
 ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 This water rises at the foot of a mountain near 
 the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro- 
 saline. 
 
 ESCHID'NA PCEILA'TA. A very poi- 
 sonous viper, which inhabits the sugar cane 
 fields orpejSi. Its bite is almost instantane- 
 ously fatal. 
 
 ESCQRZONERA, Scorz6nera. 
 
 ESCREVISSE, Craib. - 
 
 ES'CVL^T^T, EsBuien'iiis, from esea, 'food.' 
 (F.) ComestiUt. Such plants or such parts of 
 plants or animals as may be eaten for food. 
 
 ESO, vrm, 'within.' A prefix which signi- 
 fies an affection of an internal parti asEso'ente- 
 ritis, inflamma:tion of the inner membrane of 
 the intestines : — Esogastri'tis ; inflammation of 
 the inner membrane of the stomach, &c. 
 
 ESOOHAS, Esoche. 
 
 ES'OCHE, Es'achas, A tumour— a^ a ie- 
 JDorrhoid — within the anus. 
 
 ESOCOLITlS, Dysentery. 
 
 ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 
 ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis. 
 
 ESPACES INTEBCOSTAUX, see Costa. 
 
 £SPi.CE, Powder, compound. 
 
 ESPkCES TCTLNARAIRES, Falltranck. 
 
 ESPHLA'SIS, from £is, ' inWards,' and t\aa, 
 ' I .break, briiise,' &c. A fracture of the skull 
 by comminution, the fragments being depressed. 
 See Depression, and Enthlasis. . . 
 
 ESPJ^ITj Spirit — e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiri- 
 tus ammoniae— re. d'Anis, Spiritus anisi — e, de 
 CfBBpAri!, Spiritus camphorse— «. de Cannelle, 
 Spiritus cinnamomi — e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui 
 — e. de .Geniivre compose, Spiritus jnnipefi 
 compositu3-7r«. de Lavande, Spiiitas lavandulae 
 — e. de Lavande compose, Spiritus lavandulae' 
 compositus — <. de Menthe povoree, Spiritus 
 menthse piperitae — e. de Muscade, Spiritus my-, 
 risticae — e. de Pouliot, Spiritus pulegii — b. de 
 Raifort compose, Spiritus armoraciae composi- 
 lus^e. de Romarin, Spiritus rosmarini — e. de 
 Tin delay e, Spiritus tenuidr — e. de Yin nctifie, 
 Spiritus rectificatns. 
 
 ESPRITS ANIMAUX, Nervous fluid. 
 
 ESQUILLE, Splinter. 
 
 . ESQUINANCIE, Cynanehe, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 ESQIJINE, Smilax China., 
 
 ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, cprrupted from exis- 
 tentia, 'standing out.^ (?) By some used sy- 
 nonymously with volatile oil; by others, with 
 simple tincture. The oil of peppermint is the 
 oil obtained by distillation; the essence^ the oil 
 diluted with spirit. See Tinct. olei mentha. 
 
 Essence op Baedana, Hill's, Tinctura guai- 
 aci ammo"niaJa—e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura 
 benzoini composita — e. of Musk, Tinctura mos- 
 chi— e. of Mustard Pills; Whitehead's, see Si- 
 napis — e. of Mustard, Whitehead's, see'Sinapis 
 — e. of Peppermint, Tinctura olei menthae pi- 
 P^ritSB-T-e. ,of Spearmi,nt,. Tinctura olei mentha 
 viridis— e. of Spruce, "see Pinus Aiies. 
 
 ESSENCES, Olea volatilia. , 
 
 ESSElifTIA', Essence, Tincture^e. Abietia, 
 see' Pinus .a'bie^— e., Aloes, Tinctura ald^a— e. 
 Absinthii , amara, Tinctura A. composita^ — e. 
 Absinthii composita, Tinctura A. copiposita-r- 
 e. Ahtimonii seu stibii, Vinum antimonii tarta- 
 rizata — e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tinijtura cin- 
 chonae composita-T-e. Aromatica, Tinctura cin- 
 namomi composite— e. Castorei, Tinctura cas- 
 torei— e;. Catholica purgans Rothii, Tinctura 
 jalapii composita-re. de Cedro, Oleum cedri- 
 num — rS. Chinee, Tinctura cinchonas composita 
 — e. Cinnamomi, Tinctura cinnamomi — e. Ne- 
 roli, see Citrus aurantiuni — e.' Corticis Peruvi- 
 ani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinctura cincTionse 
 comp.— -e.-Corticis Peruviani composita, Tinc- 
 tura cinchonas amara. 
 
 ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'lis. The word e*- 
 semtial has been applied to the immediate or 
 active principles of vegetables, which Were be- 
 lieved to be endowed w'ith the properties of the 
 plants from which they were extracted. Es- 
 sential oil wilS so called because it was regarded 
 as the only immediate principle which was es- 
 sential. This expression is retained. Essential 
 salts are true salts or extracts which exiat^ 
 ready formfed, in yegfetables; and which are ob- 
 tained by distillation, incineration, or some 
 other process. 
 
 A" essential disease is syn'onymous with an 
 idiopathic disease ; that is, one not depending on 
 any other; — not symptomatic,. 
 
 ES'SERA, Ea'^ere, Spra, Saire, Bare, Mor- 
 bus porci'nus, 'Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcel- 
 la'na, (F.) Ampoules, Porcelaine. ' A species 
 of cutaneous eruption, consisting of small, red- 
 dish tubercles 9ver the whole body, accompa- 
 nied by a troublesome itching. It seems to be 
 a variety of lichen or urticaria. See Lichen 
 tropicus. 
 . ESSIEU, Axis. ^ 
 
 ESSOXTFFLEMENT,, Anhelsitio. 
 / ESTHE^A, Vestitus, 
 
 ESTHESIS, Vestitus. 
 
 E.^THIOM'ENUS, EsUom'enus,'[iom iaSio; 
 'I eat.' Ex'edens. That which devours or eats 
 a'Vi'ay. Certain ulcers and eruptions are so called. 
 
 ES'TIVAL,-(E«tfjj««; happening in summer 
 belonging to summer. This epithet is given to 
 Slimmer diseases, so called because they reign 
 at that season, artd appear to depend on the in- 
 fluence exerted by it on the animal economy. 
 In the United States, the term summer disease 
 or complaint means disorder of the bowfels as 
 diatthaa, cholera morbus, &c. 
 
 ESTOMAC, Stomach.. 
 
EStJLA MAJOR 
 
 328 
 
 EUGENIA 
 
 ESULA' major, Euphorbia palustrisj — e. 
 Minor, EuphprlDia «yparissias. / 
 
 ESURIES, Hunger. 
 ESURIGO, Htlnge):. 
 ESURlTIO, Hunger. 
 ESYCHIA, Aciriesia. _ y 
 
 • £TAGE,Sta,ge, ' 
 
 ETAIN, Tin— e. de Glace, Bismuth— e. Grs?, 
 Bismuth. . ' 
 
 • £TAT GRANULEUX DU REIN,K.idhey, 
 Brighfte Disease of the. 
 
 £TEBNUEMEIjrt, Sneezing. 
 
 ETESTICULATIOj 'Caistration. 
 
 ETHER, ^ther— e. Acetic, see ^ther-^e. 
 ChloriCj, Chlpioforitt — e.' Hydrochloric, see 
 jEther — e. Hydrocyanic, JEther hydrocyanicus, 
 — e. MuriatiCj se!e '^ther; — e. Nitric, see ^ther, 
 — e. Nitrous, see ^ther^e. Phosphoric, see 
 ^ther — e. Rectified, ^ther sHjlphuricus — e. 
 Sulphuric, ffither sulphuricus — e. Terehinthi- 
 nated, iEther terebinthinatiisi 
 
 ETHEREAL, ^Ethereal. 
 
 &CHi.RiE, 'Ethereal. 
 
 ETHEREOrrS, .(Ethereal. 
 
 ETHfiRINE, HTDROCYANATE OFj 
 iEther hydrocyanicus. ' 
 
 ETHERIZATION, ^*AerJJas^*io. The ag- 
 gregate of phenomena induced by the inhalation 
 ' of ether. ' 
 
 E'THERIZED, ^fhprisa't-u^. Presenting 
 the phenomena -induced by the inhalation of 
 ether. 
 
 ETHISIS, Filtration. 
 
 ETHlSMUS, 'Filtration. ^ , 
 
 ETHMOID, Eikmo'des,' EthMcfl'des, Etk- 
 moi'deus, from ij^iciof, 'a sieve,' and (icfoc, f form.' 
 Shaped like a sieve. 
 
 Ethmoid Bone, 'Os etkmo-ideiM, Os multir 
 for'mi, Os spotigio'siim., Os'' spdngoi'des, Os 
 cribro'sum, Os cribrifor''me, Os cu'bicwmj, Os 
 erista'tmn, Os foraminulen'tiim, Os ibtifor'- 
 me, Os (olafo'rium, (F.) Os Cribleur.' One, 
 of the eight bones which coinpose the cra- 
 nium; so caUed, because its upper plaice is 
 , pierced by a 'considerable number of holes. 
 The ethmoid bone is situate at the interior, in- 
 ferior, and middle part of the base'of the cra- 
 nium. It seems to Tie composed of a multitude 
 of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which 
 form more or less spacious celU, called the 
 Ethmoidal labjfrintk or cells, distinguished into 
 anterior and posterior. These communicdte 
 with the nose, and are' lined ^y a prolongation 
 of the pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone 
 is constituted of Compact tissue, and is sur- 
 rounded by the Ethmoid suture. It is articu- 
 lated vifith the fronted and sphenoidal bones, 
 the.cornua sphenoi^dalia, the Superior maxillary 
 bones, the palate bones, the ossa turbinata infe- 
 riora, the vonber, the proper hones of the nose, 
 and the lachrymal bones. 
 
 ETHMOID'AL, Ethmolda'Hs. Belonging 
 to the -ethmoid bone ; as. Ethmoidal .cells, E. 
 suture, &c. ' The Eihmai'dal a/poph'ysis or pro- 
 cess is the advanced part of the Sphenoid bone, 
 which articulates with, the'ethmoid. The etA- 
 mAidal arteries are two in niumbei,, the anteri- 
 or of which arises frorti the ophthalmic artery. 
 The origin of the other varies. The £.chan- 
 crure ethmaidale of the os frontis receives the 
 ethmoid bones. The Ethmoidal veins corre- 
 spond to the arteries. 
 
 ETHMOSYNE, Habit. 
 
 ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue. 
 ETHMYPHrTIS, Tra^amwta'fio telacelhlo'- 
 sa, from ifij^ts, 'a gieve,"uy»',' texture,' and 
 i8>«s, denoting inflammation. Inflammation ■ of 
 the celMar membrane. , , 
 
 ETHMYPHOTYLOSISjJnduration of the 
 cellujar tissue. ' ' 
 
 ETHOS, Habit. ' . 
 
 ETHULE, C YANURET OF, iEther. 
 
 - tTBUSE, :^thusa cynapium--i-e'; Meum, 
 jEthusa meum. - 
 
 ETIOLATION, (F.) iiiolemnt. Thatstate' 
 of plajits which occurs in consequence of priva- 
 tion of light, when they become, pale and wa- 
 tery. In pathology, it is sometinjes used to de- 
 notetthe palenes? produced in those persons whe 
 have been kept long without light | or a similar 
 paleness, the resujt of chronit disease. 
 
 £TIOLEMENT, Efiolatioii. 
 
 ETIOLOGY, iEtiobgia. 
 
 &T1SE, Hectisis — e. Mesenterique, ,Tabe8 
 mesenterica. 
 
 iTOILE, Stella. 
 ^ £TONNi, Stuiined. 
 
 ^T'OTTFFEMENT, Suffocation. - . . 
 
 tTOXm.DI§SEMENT,\eiiigo. ■ 
 
 MTRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hyste-' 
 ria — e. des Ini'estins, Entefetiiphraxis.- '* 
 ., ITRIER, Stapes. 
 
 ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
 
 ETRON'CUS, from ijTgo., 'the lower belly,? 
 and oyxss, 'ji. tumoiir.' A tiimour of the lower 
 belly. ' s - •, 
 
 £TWE, Stove — e. Swmid^, Bath, vapour. 
 
 MtUVER, to Fomeiii • 
 
 EU, w,' 'good, proper,' when prefixed to 
 words. Hence: 
 
 EUiE 'MIA,fromti^ .'well,,' and '«ifiB,.'blood.' 
 A good condition of the bloodr ^ ' 
 
 EU^STHE'SIA,from-Ei/,'well,'an4«i(r«iiois, 
 'perception.' Vigorous perception.. A, good 
 condition of , the perceptive faculties. 
 
 Eir^STHE'TQS. Same etymon. One 
 whose _sens6s are in full vigour. ' , 
 
 EUANALEP'SIS; tiomtv, 'good,^ and «m- 
 ^^V/;, 'recovery .' Rapidrestorfition to strength. 
 
 EITANtHEMON, Anthemis nobilis. • 
 
 EUPALYPTUS RESINlFERA, see Kilio. 
 
 EUGHR(E'A, frpin ev, 'good,'' and /{'oia, 
 ' colour.' A good or healthy colour of the skin. 
 A good appearance of the surface. 
 , EUCHYM'IA, from ,iu, 'well,' and ;ru/i»s, 
 'juice.' A good state of the hurnourSiT^ . 
 
 EUCRA'SIA, from tv, 'well;' and xsaoif, 
 'temperament.' A good temperament. 
 
 EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from ivSco-riimrrtc, 
 f one -who breathes well.' Ea^y ttanspitation. 
 ' EUECTICA (medicina) Gymnasties. 
 
 EUEL'CES, from ev,< well,', and/iNKtf, ' to 
 ulcer.' One in whom vyoiwds and ulcers are 
 readily healed. 
 
 l^U'EMES, Euem/etos,. from tv, 'well,' and 
 tftim, 'I vomit.' That -'which readily -eXciteB 
 vomiting. One wbo ,vomits with facilitji'. , 
 
 EUETHES, Benign. ' , 
 
 EUEX'IA, from tv, 'well,* and '.|ic, 'consti- 
 tution.' A good constitution. 
 
 ETJFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 
 EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA, called 
 after Prince Eugene. GarrophylUnS, Caryo- 
 phyl'lus aromat'ieus. The Indian tree which 
 affords the c^ove. Oj-i^erMyrtaceae. The CTo««, 
 Caryojihyl'lus, C. aromat'ieus, is the un6x- 
 
EUGION 
 
 339 
 
 EUPHORBIA CAPITATA 
 
 panded bud, (F.) Girofle, Gerofie, Gyrophle. 
 Its, odour' ia strong, aromatic, and peeujiar; 
 taste, pungent and acrid. Like all substances, 
 whose virtue depends upon essential oil, it is 
 stimulant and' carminative. It is generally used 
 as a corrigent to other remedies, and in cases 
 where substances containing the essential oils 
 are demanded. The oil, (F.) Huile de Gerqfle 
 — Oleum caryophyl'll, Oil of Cloves — has- the 
 properties of the cloves. 
 
 E-UGION, Hymen.-" 
 
 EULOPHIA, see Salep. 
 , EUNUCH, Eunu'chus, from tuvij, 'the bed,' 
 and ix"! 'I keep.' Hemian'drus, Himianor, 
 Hemianthro'puSf Semimas, Semimas'culus , 8e- 
 mivir, Thla'dias, Tkla'sias, ThliS'ias, Cflstra'- 
 tuSj GalluSj Excastra' tus j Evira'tus, EmascU' 
 la'tiiSf S'pitdo, Exsec'tiis, Extestictda'tuSy Ex~ 
 tom'ius, Bem'ivir,Semimascula'tus. One whose 
 organs of generation hkve been removed, or so 
 altered, that he is rendered incapable of repro- 
 ducing his species, or of exercising the act of 
 venery. . Eunuchs were common with the an- 
 cient Romans. In Italy, this horrible mutila- 
 tion still takes place to improve the voice; and 
 in the ' East, eunuchs have the sarpiillanee of 
 the seraglio. . 
 
 EUNtrCHISMUS,! Castration. 
 
 EUNUCHIUM MfcCONIS, Lettuce. 
 
 EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Euiiueh. 
 
 EUODES, Beneolentiia. 
 
 EUONYMUS, Quassia sirnarouba. 
 
 EnoN'lTMus America'niis, Stramlerry hush. 
 Strawberry tree. Burning bush, Indian arrow- 
 wood. A shrub oir the Nat. Ord. Celastracese, 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria monogynia, which, like 
 the next; is found throughout the United States 
 and Canada; flowering, from May to June. 
 
 Euoti'rMCS Atropukpu'keus, Burning bush, 
 Spindle tr^e, Ifidiati Arrow wood, flowers from 
 June to July. 
 
 From these varieties of Euonymus the Wahoo 
 or Wkahoo bar Jk is said to be obtained. It is 
 diuretic, antipeiiodic, tonic, an,d a hydragogue 
 cathartic,, and has been used in dropsy in infu- 
 sion, in the proportion of an ouiiee to a pint of 
 water. 
 
 EUPATHFA, Eupho'ria, from tu , 'well,' and 
 B-o*of, 'suffering.' A disposition for being af- 
 fected by pain easily. Also, a good state of 
 health. ^ 
 
 EXXPA TO IRE D'A VICENNE, Eupatorium 
 cannabinum — e. Percefeuille, Eupatorium pei:- 
 foliatum. . 
 
 EUPATORIUM, Agrimony, 'Eupatorium 
 perfoliatum. 
 
 EuPATo'RiuM Cannab'intjm, Called after Mi- 
 thridates Eupator, Eupato'rium, E. Arab'icum, 
 Jffefnp agrimon/y, Eupatorium of Avicenna, Herb 
 of Sainl Cunegonde, Trifo'lium eervi'muiri, 
 Origanum aquat'icum, (Fi) Ewpatoire d'Avi- 
 cenne. family, Synantherese ; Sex. Syst. Syn- 
 genesia jequalis. TJhe juice o^this plant proves 
 violently emetic and purgative, if taken iii suf- 
 ficient quantity. It haS' been considered diu- 
 retic, cathartic and emetic. 
 
 EuPATpmuM CoNNATUM, E. perfoliatum — e. 
 Guaco, Guaco — e. Misues, Achillea ageratum; 
 
 Eupatorium Perfolia'tum, E. Conna'tum, 
 Eupatorium — (Ph. U. S.) (F.) Eupatoire per- 
 cefeuille; Boneset, Thor'oughwort, Thor'ough- 
 stem, Thor'oughwax, Vegetable antimony. Cross- 
 wort, Agueweed, Feverwort, Indian sage, Joe- 
 22 
 
 pye, Teazel, Sweating plant, is a plant which 
 grows in low, vi^et meadows throughout the 
 United States. It is considered to be stimu- 
 lating, tonic, emetic, purgative, dixiretic, and 
 sudorific. Dose, gr. xv. of the powder, as a 
 gentle purgative. j 
 
 Eupatorium, PoRPtE-STALKED, E. purpu- 
 reum. i 
 
 Eupatorium Purpu'reum, MohawJi taiself 
 Purple-staUed Eupato'rium, Trum^ei weed, is 
 used in fiimilkr cases, as well as the 
 
 'Evrji.TORivmTsvcRiFo'fjivm.jWildhorehound, 
 Germander-leaved hprehound. 
 
 EUPEP'SI4, froni i\i, 'well,' and witttm, 'I 
 digest.' A good digestion. The antithesis to 
 dyspepsia. ' ^ , 
 
 ■'EU'PY^'P TIC, Ev.pep'tus,Eupep'ticus. Same 
 etymon. Relating to a good digestioji. One 
 endowed with a good digestion. 
 , EUPHLO'GIA, from' Et), 'well,' and ^ixeyio, 
 'I burn.* Mild inflam'mation. Variola.. 
 
 EU'PHONY, JBayjoWa, ftom eu, 'well,' and 
 ^luvij, ' voice.' An' agreeable or regiilar voice. 
 
 EUPHORBE CYFRkS, E. cyparissias— e. 
 des Marais, E. palustris-;— e, Vomitive, E. ipe- 
 cacuanha. 
 
 EUPHOR'BIA CAPITA'TA,Caa «M. Ord., 
 EuphorbiacesB. , A Brazilian plant, which is 
 strongly astringent and not poisonous. It is 
 considered to be one of the best remedies fpr the 
 bites of serpents. It is, also, called Colubri'na 
 I/usitan'iea. 
 
 EtfPHORBiA Coeolla'ta, Large flowering 
 spurge, Milkweed, Snakes' m,ilk,'Ipeca(yuam!ha, 
 Sippo, Picac, 'Ip'ecac, Milk purslain, Plirge 
 root, Emet'ic root, Bowman's root, Apple root, 
 Indian Physic, has similar properties to the 
 last. , The dose of the root is the same. 
 . Euphorbia Cypaeis'sias, E^'^t"' minor, Ti- 
 thym'alus Cyparis' sia. The Cypress spvrgH 
 {E .) Euphorb'e cypris. This, lijce most of the 
 spurges, is very acrimonious. Amongst the 
 rustics, it was formerly called poor man's rhu- 
 barb, and was, consequently, a laxative, It is 
 not used. 
 
 Euphorbia Hypericifo'lia. A native of 
 the United States. It is astringent and tonic. 
 Used in infusion — f. ,^ss to Oj of boiling water. 
 Dose, a tablespoonful. , 
 
 Euphorbia Isecaouan^h a, Ipecaertaaiha 
 spurge, (F.) Euphorbe vomitiii'e.. This'species 
 of spurge is common in the southern and middle 
 parts of the United States. The root is a pow- 
 erful emetic, in the dose of from five to fifteen 
 grains: twenty grains act as a cathartic like- 
 wise. In large doses, it acts as a narcotico- 
 acrid. 
 
 Euphorbia Lath'tris. The systematic 
 name of the plant which affords the lesser ea- 
 tapu'tia sieds, Catapn'tia minor. Caper spurge, 
 Lath'yris, Garden spurge. Caper plant. Mole- 
 plant, Tithym'alus latifo'lius. The seeds pos- 
 sess cathartic properties, and an expressed oil 
 of the seeds — O'leum, Euphor'bice Laihyr'idfs — 
 has been given as a cathartic in^he dose of six 
 to twelve drops. 
 
 Euphorbia OFFioiuA-'RnM. , The systematic 
 name of the plant which affords the Euphorbium, 
 Eupjiorbia gummi'-resi'na, in greatest abun- 
 dance. The euphorbium is an inodorous gum- 
 resin, in yellow tears, which have, the appear- 
 ance of being worm-eaten. It enters into the 
 
EUPHORIA 
 
 330 
 
 EVENTRATION 
 
 composition of some plasters, and has been used 
 as an errhine. \_ 
 
 EuPBOBEiA Palus'teis. The greater spurge. 
 Es'ula major, Tithym'ahis, Mar^h spterge,(S •') 
 Euphorbe 4es marais. The JTjice is given, in 
 Russia, as a common purge. Itjs used, too, as 
 an irritant in tinea, warts, &e. '< ^ ■ 
 
 Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villo^sa, or E. 
 Piio'sA, have been,hi;ought forwardas preven- 
 tives of hydrophobia^ the bitten part being 
 ■wjished v^ith a decoction, and, at the same time, 
 the decQction bsing taken internally. ,. 
 
 EuFHoKSIA Paeal'ias, Titkym' oius , paraH- 
 as, Sea.spurge. . This is violently cathartic! and 
 irritating, and is seldom used; 
 
 Euphorbia Pilosa, see Ejiphorbia.palustris 
 — e, Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris. ' 
 
 By All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa- 
 cient, when applied externally. 
 
 .EUPHORIA, Eupathia. 
 
 EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 
 EUPHRA'SIA OFFICINA'LIS, Ocula'ria, 
 Euphrafgia, OpHtAftl'micaf Eyebright, (F.) Eu- 
 fraiae, Casse Lunette. It has been recom- 
 mended in diseases of the eye, but is unworthy 
 of notice. ' 
 
 EVPLAS'TIC, Euplast'ieus: from «u, « well,' 
 and n^nr-a-u, ' I form.' Ha>ing,the capacity of 
 becoming organizable in a high degree,-^as in 
 false membranes resulting from acute inflam- 
 mation in a healthy person. ^ 
 
 EUPNCE'A, from eu,' well,' and rayeu, « I re- 
 spire.' Freedom or facility of respiration. ^ 
 
 EURHTTH'MIA, from ««,< well,' and qv9- 
 jKos, 'rhythm.' Regularity of the pulse. 
 
 EURIBALI, Juribaii. > 
 
 EURODES,. Carious. _ 
 
 EURODON'TICUS, from e«eof, 'caries,' and 
 tStvg, ' a tooth.' Suffering from carious teeth. 
 
 EURUS, tuguf , ' mould, putrefaction.' Mueor, 
 Caries. Corruption of the humours. 
 
 EURYCHORIA, Sinus. 
 
 EURYCLES, Engastrimythos. 
 
 EURYCLITUS, Engastrimythos. 
 
 EURYSMUS,Dilatation. 
 
 EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mus, fvom cv, 'well,' 
 and gv6/u(>c, 'rhythm-' Regularity of pulse, 
 both as regards quantity arid quality. 
 
 EUSAR'CUS, from tu, 'wfeU,' and o-agl, 
 ' flesh.' One who is fleshy, robust, muscular. 
 
 EUSEMI'A, from su, 'well,' and>>;ni«o»,'a 
 sign.' A collection -of good signs, 
 
 EUSPLANCH'NIA, from w, 'well,' and 
 O!r\«y;fvoy, 'a viscus.' A healthy state of the 
 viscera. 
 
 EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Tula EvstacUdna, 
 Syrin'ga, Syrinx, Mea'tus. ccecus, Tuba Aristo- 
 te'lica. Ductus auris palati'v-us, Xler a Pala'- 
 to, ad Aur^m, (F.) ZVotope ou Ctinduii d'Eus- 
 tache. Conduit guttwrat de Poreilte — Ch. This 
 tube was so called from its discoverer, Eusta- 
 chius. It is partly bony and partly cartilagi- 
 nous : extending from thecavity of the tympanum 
 to the upper part of the pharynx. Its length is 
 about two inches ; the bony portion which be- 
 longs to the temporal bone, is about 3-4ths of 
 an inch long. It is lined, internally, by a .pro- 
 longation of the lining membrane of the pha- 
 rynx. Its nerves are furnished by the palatine 
 branches of t^e ganglion of Meckel, and its ves- 
 sels procefed from those of the pharynx and ve- 
 lum pendulum. The use of the tube seems to 
 
 be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of 
 the tympanum. 
 
 Eusta'chian Valve, Valve of Eusta'ehivs, 
 Valvule d'Eustachi ou d'Eustaehe. A mem- 
 branous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to 
 the opening of the vena cava inferior into the 
 right auricle of the heart. 
 
 EUSTHENI'A, Vigor, Exuberan'tia,{Tomtv, 
 ' well,' and rScvot, ' strength.' Flourishing, ex- 
 uberant health.-r-Hippeerates. 
 
 EUSTOM'ACHUS, from iv, ' well,' and an- 
 iM«/ot,' stomach.' Digesting rapidly . Having 
 a good stomach. ^ • 
 
 EUTAX'IA, from »«, 'well,' and Taooo, 'I 
 arrange.' . Eutke'sia. A well ordered consti- 
 tution, in which every part has its proper rela- 
 tion. , The ready return of, a rupture, or of a 
 luxated bone. 
 
 . EUTHANA'SI A, from »«, ' well,' ajid *««- 
 toc, ' deathi-' An .easy deaths 
 EUTHESIAjEntaxia. . " 
 EUTHYENTERON, Rectum. 
 EUTHYENTER0ST|;N0MA, stricture ,of 
 the Rectum. 
 
 EU THYM'I A, An'imi tran,gml'litas, from ju, 
 ' well,' and »iiftoe, ' mind.' Tranqi^Uity of 
 mind. A good state of the mental faculties, 
 EUTkYPNOE, Orthopncea. 
 EUTHYPNCEA, Orthopncea. 
 EUTOC'IA, from n, ' well,' and toxoc, ' de- 
 livery.' An easy labour. Fecundity. 
 
 EUTROPH'IA, from eu, 'well,' and, T5«<|»i, 
 ' nourishment.' A good state of nutrition. 
 
 EUTROPHIC, Eutroplt'iciim, same etymon. 
 A term introduced into medical terminology by 
 the author, for an agent whose action is everted 
 on the system- of nutrition, without necessarily 
 occasioning manifest increase of any of the se- 
 cretions. 
 
 , The chief eufrophics are, — merowricdi, the 
 preparations of iodine, bromine, cod -tiver oil, 
 the preparations of gold ■and silver, rulphir, 
 ^sugar, and sarsaparilla. 
 
 EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas. 
 EVA CU ANTS, jE»ffleMo»'iia, from e, and »<>- 
 euare, 'to empty.' (¥.).£vai!uatifs. Medi- 
 cines are so called which occasion a discharge by 
 some emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, &c. 
 EVACUATIFS, Evacuants. 
 EVACtJATIO, Excretionv 
 EVACUA-TION. Same etymop. The &b- 
 chafgeef any ma;tter whatever by fte natulal 
 passages or by an artificial opening. 
 iVANOUISSEMENT, Syncope. 
 EVANROOT, Geom Virgifaianum. 
 . EVAPORA'TION, Evapora'tio,.Visporjitia, 
 Exkala'tio, from e, aai vaporare,' to emita fa- 
 pour.' Transformation of a liquid into yojioui, 
 in order to obtain the fixed matters contained 
 in it dry and separate from the liquid'. When 
 the vapour is received in a proper vessel 4b9 
 condenaed, the process is called distillation. 
 Evaporaticjn produces cold, and this is one of 
 the processes by whijch the body is Copied, 
 through the evaporation of the per-spiiatory 
 fluid. 
 
 EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Evaux 
 is situate in Auvergne, in France. The wateis 
 are hydrosulphuroiis and thermal. 
 
 EV ENTRA'TION,E«e«tt-a'<io, Hypogastro-^ 
 rix'is, from «, ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly. 
 A tumour, formed by a general relaxation of 
 the parietes.of the abdomen, and containing a 
 
EVENTUS 
 
 331 
 
 EXANTHEMATOLOGY 
 
 great part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ven- 
 tral hernia, or that which occurs in any other 
 way than through the natural openings of the 
 abdominal pawetes. Lastly, any very exten- 
 sive Wound of the abdominal parietes, with 
 issue of the greater part of the intestines^ 
 
 EVEN'TUS, from e, < out of,' and venire, ' to 
 come;' Apobai'non, Apohesom'enon, Echesom'- 
 tnon, Termina'tiv morli. The event or issue of 
 a disease, either favourable or unfavourable. 
 
 EyERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lum. A sort of 
 sound or scoop, used for extracting sand or 
 fragments of stone or clots of blood from the 
 bladder, after or during the operation of litho- 
 tomy. ' 
 
 EVERSIO PALPEBRjE, Ectropion. 
 
 &VIGILATION, see Sleep. ' 
 
 EVIL, THB, Scrofiila—e. King's, Scrofula. 
 
 EVIRATIO, Castration. 
 
 EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunueh. 
 
 EVOLUTIO, Development— e. Spontanea, 
 £volution,.spontaneous. 
 
 EVOLtT'TION, SPONTA'NEQXJS, Ver'sio 
 seu Evolu'tio sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, 
 ' to roll.' A term, applied, by Dr. Dermian^ to 
 what he considered to be a spontaneous turn- 
 ing of the foetus in utero, in an arm presenta- 
 tion, in consequence of powerful uterine con- 
 tractions forcing out the breech and feet, whilst 
 the arm- recedes. It is now usually considered 
 to be a doubling of the foetus, so that the arm 
 changes its position but little, whilst the breech 
 is forcibly expelled before the upper extremity: 
 — the case becoming similar to a breech pre- 
 sentation. 
 
 EVOMITIO, Vomiting. 
 
 EVUL'SION,' ji«)»i/ito«, Evtil'sio, from evel- 
 iere, (e, and vellere,) ' to pluck out.' Apotil'mos, 
 Ectil'mos, "Klmos. , The action of plucking but 
 forcible extraction. (F.) Arrachement. This 
 word is oftener used by the French than by the 
 English surgeons, for the act of extracting cer- 
 tain parts, the presence of which is -injurious, 
 — as the teeth, &c. 
 
 EXACERBATIO, Paroxysm. 
 
 EXACERBA'TION,, Exacerhd'tpo, 'Exaspe- 
 ra'tio, Eatcrescen'tia, from 'eiBaceria7;e, {ex, and 
 fflcerS«»,3 'to provoke,' (F.^Redouilement. An 
 increase in the.symptoms of a disorder. Often 
 used synonymously with paroxysm. 
 
 EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
 
 EX.aiMATOSIS, Hasmatosis. 
 
 EXjiEMIA,, Anajraia. 
 
 EXiEMOS, Exanguious. 
 
 EXl/E'RKSIS, from sj, « out of,' and «iptm, 'I 
 take away."* A surgical operation, which con- 
 sists in drawing, extracting, or removing, from 
 the human body, every thing that is useiless, 
 noxious, or extraneous. It is' a generic term, 
 which includes, extraction, evulsion, evacua- 
 tionj excision, ablation, amputation, &c. 
 
 Ex£REsis, Extraction. 
 
 EXAGtON. The sixth part of an ounce :- 
 four scruples. — Actuarius. 
 
 EXAG'GERATED, Exaggtra'tus, (F.) Ex^ 
 agire. Heightened. Increased by expression 
 An epithet for sounds heard on auscultation and 
 percussion ; when much increased — Hyp^r-^chfi'r 
 sis, Hypereche'Ttia. 
 
 EXAL'MA, from iS, 'out of,' and allnfiai, 
 'Heap.' Exalsis. Hippocrates calls thus the 
 displacement of the vertebrse. 
 
 EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap. 
 EXALT A'TION OF THE VITAL FORGES, 
 Excdta'tio vi'rium. This expression has been 
 used, by modern pathologists, to designate a 
 morbid increase in the action of organs, and 
 partly that M^hich occurs in an inflamed organ. 
 Some use exaltation of the vital forces, and in- 
 Jleimmation synonymously. 
 
 EXAMBLOMA, Abortion. 
 
 EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
 
 EXANASTOMDSIS, Anastomosis. 
 
 BXANASTROPHE, Convalescence. 
 
 EXANGI'A, from tlayyif w, (eS, and ayyej, ' a 
 vessel,') ' I evacuate I'rom a vessel.' Exangei'a. 
 An enlargement or rupture of "a blood-vessel, 
 without external opening. A genus in the 
 order Dysthetiea, class Hsmatica of Good. It 
 comprises antui-ism a.ni varix. 
 
 Ex ANsiA ANEtjRisMA, Aneurism. 
 
 EXAN'GUIOUS, Exce'mos, Exsan'guis, 
 from ea;, 'out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.' One 
 who seems bloodless; as a female, who has suf- 
 fered largely from uterine hemorrhage. 
 
 EXANIA, Proctocele. 
 
 EXANIMA'TION, Exanima'tio, from ex, 
 ' out of,' and anivia, ' the spirit.' This word 
 has two acQepta-tionf. Soriietimes, it means 
 real death, corresponding wifh the Greek -Sava- 
 T«5, mors. At others, it signifies apparent death, 
 corresponding with the Greek cajivx'c, txypvx^, 
 txXvaxg, Ak'imi deli'quiuili, ' 
 
 EXAN'THEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'm,a erup'- 
 tio, Epanthe'ma, Effioreseen'tia, Excmthis'ma, 
 Ecthy'ma, Epanaste'ma, Epanthe'ma, Epan- 
 this'maiEffiora'tio,(ionniav9ta),^fi,aiiiav6sa,') 
 ' I flourish.' A rash. (F.)£levwre. Under this 
 term, is^comprehended, by some, every kind of 
 eruption, of which the skin is the seat. Others 
 comprehend by it those eruptions that are ac- 
 companied by fever, Feires exanthemat'icte : 
 including, under the head of the" major exan- 
 themata, those which attack a person but once 
 in his life, and which are communicated by 
 specific contagion; and, under the minor exan- 
 themata, ^oae which afe not marked by-these 
 characteristics." Small-pox, measles-, cow-pox, 
 &(!,, belong to the major : — chicken-pox, herpes, 
 lichen,- &c., to' the minor. The general accep- 
 tation of Exanthem is, however, a more or less 
 vivid, circumscribed, or diffuse redness of the 
 skin, which^diminishes or disappears transiently 
 under the. pressure of the finger. 
 
 Exanthem, Cakbtjnculae, Anthracia — e. 
 Ichdrpus, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis 
 ^e. Rash, Enanthesis. 
 
 EXANTHEMA, Eminence— -e. ' Internum, 
 Eisanthema-TB. Miliaria, Miliary fever— e. Pes- 
 tis. Plague; — e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina — e. Se- 
 rosum, Pemphigus — e. Strophulus, Strophulus 
 — e. IJrticatum, Urticaria — e. Vaccina, Vac- 
 cina — e. Varicella, Varicella. 
 
 EXANTHPMAT'ICA. Same^tymon; Er^f- 
 tive_ fevers. Cutaneous eruptions, essentially 
 accompanied with, fever; — the third ^order in 
 the class Hcerhatica of Good. 
 
 EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS, Extmthemar 
 tos'chesis; fiom ciavBtifta, 'exanthem,' and ta- 
 Xeiv, ' to withhold.' Suppfessionof a cutaneous 
 eruption. 
 
 EXANTHEMATOL'OGY, Exanthemato- 
 log"ia; irom i%av6rifia, 'exanthem,' and icyoj, 
 ' adiscourse.' The doctrine of cutaneous erup- 
 tions. 
 
EXANTHEMATOPHTHALMIA 
 
 333 
 
 EXCRETIO 
 
 EXANTHEMATOPHTHAL'MIA^ Oph- 
 thalin'ia e'xanthe'mat'ica-, -from e^ardi;/(a, ' exan- 
 thein,^and cqiBaXftia, ' inflammation of tHe eye.' 
 Ophthajmia in the course of, or succeeding to, 
 a cutaneous eruption. 
 
 EXANTHMME INTESTtNALE, see Ty- 
 phus. ■■ J 
 
 EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence— e. ' Ar- 
 thro^ia. Dengue-^*. Roseola, Roseola — e. Ru- 
 beola, Ruteola. . 
 
 EXANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
 
 EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia, 
 
 EXAPSlSj Inflammation. 
 
 EXARAG'MA, from slaganoio, ' I tear away,' 
 ' I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction. 
 
 EXARCHIA'TER. Chief of the arthiatri, 
 or chief of physician^, a title, like that,of CowSes 
 Arc/iiatro'rum, given to the chief physician of 
 an emperor or king. Archiater appears to have 
 meant, at times, the same thing, 
 
 EXAR'MA, Swelling. 
 
 EXAR'SIO. A burning heat. 
 
 EXARTEMA, Amuletum. 
 
 EXARTERI'TIS, Easarterii'tis, from t|, ' out. 
 of,' and arteria, ' an artery.' Inflammation of 
 the outer coat of an artery. 
 
 EXARTHREMAj Luxation, Sprain. 
 
 EXARTHROMA, Luxation, 
 
 EXARTHROSIS," Luxatio, Sprain— e. Pa- 
 retica, ^ee Pareticus. 
 
 EXARTICULATIO, Amputation, joint, 
 Luxatio. ■ , 
 
 EXARYSIS, Exhaustion. 
 
 EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation. 
 
 EXCiEC ARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum. 
 
 EXC ALE F ACTIO, ickcuffem-mt, ^^ 
 
 EXC ARNA'TION, Excama'tid, from ex, and 
 cflijo, ' flesh.' A niode of making anatomical 
 preparations, which consists in separating in- 
 jected vessels- from the parts in which tliey fire 
 situate.. This is done by means of corrosion 
 by an acid or by>.putrefaction. 
 
 EXCASTR^Tlb, Castration,. Eunuch. • 
 
 EXCATHISMA, Bath, half, SemicupiUm. 
 
 EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
 
 EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious,. ' 
 
 EXCIDENTIA, Ecptama. " , ' 
 
 EXCIP'IENT, Excij/iens, from exeipere, 
 (ex, and eapere,) ' to receive.' (F.) Intermide. 
 
 A substance, which, in a medicinal prescrip- 
 tion, gives forrn and consistence to it, and serves 
 as a vehicle o\ medium for the exhibition of the 
 other ingredients.. 
 
 EXCIPULA, Cup.' 
 
 EXCISIO, EntaUle. 
 
 EXCIS'ION, E%eis'io, from exeidire,{ex, and 
 ccedere,) 'to cut off;' Ec'tome. A surgical 
 operation, by which parts of a small size are 
 removed with a cutting instrument. 
 
 EXCITABILITY, ExcitaUl'itas. Irritabi- 
 lity. The faculty, possessed by living beings, 
 of being sensible to the action of excitants, 
 The doctrine of excitability forins an important 
 part of the Brunonian system. 
 
 .EXCITANT, Stimulant. 
 
 EXCITA'T10N,£a;(!itas'ito,Ea;CT««W««;same 
 etymon : from excitare, {ex, and citare,)' to ex- 
 cite.' The act of exciting; the.state of lan organ 
 or organs excited. Excitement is, sometimes, 
 used synonymously with augmented arterial 
 action. The effect of the exciting powers acting 
 on the excitability, according to Brown, consti- 
 tutes excitement,- CuUen used the term to 
 
 express the restoration of the energy and actios 
 of the brain, which had been interrupted by 
 sleep or some debilitating cause, — a state oppo- 
 site to that of eoltapse. Not upfrequently it is 
 
 employed in the' sense of excessive action, 
 
 Super-excita'tio, (F.) Sur-exeitation. 
 
 EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
 
 EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory. 
 
 EXGITO-MOTORY. An epithet applied by 
 Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous 
 system-^comprisipg the gray matter of the spi- 
 nal marrow, with the aff'erent and, efferent 
 nerves connected with itj^-all of which ^ra 
 concerned in reflex actions. See Nerves. 
 
 The term excito-motion ha^.been employed to 
 signify motion no matter how excitid, by the 
 reflex nerves or by volition^G . .T. B. Williams. 
 
 EXCORIATIO, Ecdora. ' ' 
 
 EXCORIA'TION, Exceriaftia, ExeoHkufra, 
 Am'yeke, from ex, and eoriupif 'skin.'- (F.) 
 icorcKure. A slight wound, which removes 
 only the skin. 
 . EXCORIATURA, Excoriation. 
 
 EXCREA.'TION, Excretitio', Exscrea'ti^, 
 Screa'tus, Jtasca'tio, from ex, and acreare, 'to 
 spit'.' Act of spitting. (F.) Cr^chement. See 
 Exspuitio. ' 
 
 - EX'CREMENT, Exiremen'fvm, tietrimm'- 
 tv/m, Excre'tum, 'Excre'tio, Periio'ma, Viacho' 
 re'inay Aph'odos, Aphqdeii'mar, A'pocha' reoTi^ 
 Apoc'risis, "Ardas^ Ar'dalos, from e^eernere, 
 (ex, and cernere,) ' to i separate,' ' cleanse.' 
 Every thing, which is evacnat,ed from the body 
 of an. anirnal by the natural emunctoriesj 
 as siiperfluotts,; such as the faecal matters, the 
 urine, I perspiration, nasal muciis, &c, ,. Gene- 
 rally, hdweveri the term is restricted to the 
 fseCaleVacuations; — PwrgamentajHidra,Sedei, 
 Faces, Stercus, Cacce, Spdfill, (especially 
 when liquid,) JDejec'tio alvi'na,. O'nera alpi, 
 Sordes tientris, llypoehore'ma, Ca!lia, Hypo- 
 chore'sis,. M^erda,MerduSf Catarrhex'is, Co- 
 pros, Scor. ''. i ' 
 
 ExCeement, Human, Stercus humanum, ' 
 
 EXCREMENTIT"IAL, Excrementifimts, 
 Excrementif'ius, (F.) Excrementeux, Excrt- 
 mentitiel. That which is similar to excrement^ 
 and forms part of 'it. Excremeniitial humours 
 or parts are those' destined to be evacuated, as 
 incapable of administering to the nutrition of 
 the body. , 
 
 E X CREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL, 
 Excremento-recrementit"ious. Animal fluids, 
 intended to be partly absorbed and partly re- 
 jected. 
 
 EXCRES'CENCE,£a;cre«(!««'*t'a!,£cpAy'i»>, 
 Fhymato'sis, Sypersarco'sis, Sarcophy'ia, Co- 
 ro excres'cens, from excrescere, {ex, 'arid ores- 
 cete,) ' to grow outwards,' (F.) Excroissaiue. 
 A tumour, which forms at the surface of or- 
 gans, and especially on the skin, mucous mem- 
 branes, or ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences 
 differ in size, shape, cause, &c., and each re- 
 quires its own treatment. ■ Warts, condyloma- 
 ta, polypi, lielnorrhoids, belong to this head. 
 
 EXCRESCENTIA, Exacerbation, Protube- 
 rance, Tumour — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun- 
 gosa, Fungosity — e. Gingivae, Epulis — e. 'Vesi- 
 cae urinarisB carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis. 
 
 EXCRETA, see Excretion. ; ^ 
 
 EXCRETIO, Eecrisis, Excrement— e. AW- 
 na, Defecation — e. Fzecum alvinarum, Defeca- 
 , tion — e. UrinsB involuntaria, Enuresis. 
 
EXCRETION 
 
 333 
 
 EXHUMATION 
 
 EXCRE'TION, Excre'fio, Btoacma'tio, Ejec'- 
 tin, Exptd'si'o,'Eges'tio, Diachore'sis, from ex- 
 cemere, {ex, and cernere,) ' to separate.' The 
 separation or throwing off of those matters, Ex- 
 Dte'ta, Eges'ta, lon't'a, Apion'ta, from the body 
 of an animal, -which are supposed to be useless, 
 as the urine, perspiration, and faces. 
 
 EX'CRETORY, Excreto'rius; s^me etymon- 
 An Excretory vessel or duct is one, whibh trans- 
 mits the fluid secreted by a g^nd, either exter- 
 nally or into the reservoirs in which it has to 
 be deposited. The existence of an excretory 
 duct was regarded as a distinctive character of 
 the glatids properly so called. 
 
 ExGKETORY Organ means any one charged 
 with the office of excreting : thus, the skin is 
 said to be an excretory organ, because through 
 it the,j)erspiratiori takes place. 
 
 EXCRETUM, Excrement. 
 
 .EXCROISSANCE, Excrescence. 
 
 EXCV'TIAyENTUlC'VLl,StomachBrttsh. 
 An instruinent, composed of iron or brass wire, 
 at one of tlie'extremities of which is a pencil of 
 bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this 
 to extract foreign bodies from the. oesophagus, 
 as well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and 
 tenacious matters adhering to it. 
 
 EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele. 
 
 'EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi. , 
 
 EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens. 
 
 EXELCbSIS, see Ulceration. - , 
 
 EXELCYS'MOS, from ti, 'from,' and .Jxua, 
 ' * I draw.' Extraction. Also the act of break- 
 ing out into ulcers. 
 
 EXELCYSMUS, Extraction. 
 
 EXEIifTERIS'MUS, Exenter'isis, from .s|, 
 'out of,' and ivrt^ti, ' an intestine.' The ope- 
 ration of disembowelling or eviscerating. 
 
 EXERAM'A, from s?'s{atu, 'I throw out.' 
 Any thing cast out. yomiting ; or the matter 
 vomited. — Hippocrates. j , 
 
 ^XfE,'R.Cl?iY.,Exercit<i^ti4i,Exercit''ium,Asce'- 
 sis, Gymaa'sion,, from exercerei ' to work.' 
 Eyery motion of the body, arising from the con- 
 traction of muscles subjected to the will. ■ Also, 
 the action of any organ whatever. Exercise 
 may be active Or passive^ The i>8issive are re- 
 ferred to, under- the head of Gestation. The 
 chief active exercises are: — walking, running, 
 dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, 
 cricket, racket, quoits, swimming-, declamation, 
 singing, &c. Exercise is an im'portant prophy- 
 lactic, particularly for those disposed to be ple- 
 thoric. It improves the digestion; augments 
 the secretions -, 'and, when used in nioderation, 
 gives strength to the body ; but when carried to 
 excess, produces debility and disease. 
 
 EXERRHO'SIS, from e?, 'out of,' and fiw, 
 ' I flow.' The discharge, which takes place by 
 insensible perspiration. 
 
 EXFCETATIGN, see Pregnancy. 
 
 EXFOLIA'TION, Exfolia'do, Desquama'- 
 tioi Eblep'isis, from ex, and folium,, 'a leaf.' 
 By this is meant the separal ion of , the dead por- 
 tions of a bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or carti- 
 lage, under the form of lamellae or small scales. 
 Exfoliation is accomplished by the instinctive 
 action of the parts, and its object is to detach 
 the dead portions from those subjacent, which 
 are still alive. For this purpose the' latter 
 throw out fleshy granulations, and a more or 
 less abundant suppuration occurs, which tends 
 to separate the exfoliated part, — now become 
 
 an extraneous body. The ancients distinguished 
 exfoliation into sensible and insensible, accord- 
 ing as the dead portions of bone.weredetached 
 in fragments of greater or less size, or in very 
 thin pieces, dnd in an almost insensible manner. 
 When the dead part emb/aces all or almost all 
 the substance of a bone^ it takes the name Se- 
 questrum.. . 
 
 EXFO'LIATIVE, htfoliati'vus, Desgua- 
 mato'rius. That which takes away by leaves 
 or pcales. The term has been applied to certain 
 medicines which were regarded as proper to 
 hasten exfoliation, ^uch as alcohol, oil of tur- 
 pentine, tincture of myrrh, &c. -' 
 
 Exfo'liativ6 TkWpan, Echpisitrep'anvM,. 
 An ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping 
 exfoliating portions of bone. 
 EXHALAISON, Exhalation. 
 EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, ExhaHans, from 
 exhaldre, {ex, and halare, ' to ; br,eathe,') ' to 
 exhale,' ' throw oiit.' 
 
 ExHALANT Vessels, Vasa exhalan'tia, are 
 very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary 
 system. They, are situate in every tissue of 
 the body, and on the surface of the mucous and 
 serous membranes and skin ; on which each pours 
 its particular fluid. Bichaf distinguished three 
 sets. 1. The ea'/erraa^j terminating on the mucous 
 and external dermoid system, where they pour 
 the matter of perspiration. 2. The interif.al, 
 comprising those of the cellular and medullary 
 tissues, and of synovial surfaces: and, 3. The 
 nutritive ex^alan^s, which vary in each organ 
 where they are found; and preside over the phe- 
 nomena of composition and increase of every 
 part of the body..^ The exhal^nts are the anta- 
 gonists of the ^bsorbeijts. They are imaginary 
 vessels, inasmuch as they cannot be detected. 
 EXHALATIO, Evaporation. 
 EXHALA'TION, £jA«fo'tJo; same etymon. 
 Anathymi'asis, Apojmeu'sis, (F.) jExhdlaison, 
 A function, by virtue of -which certain fluids, 
 obtained from the blood, are spread, in the form 
 of dew, in the areolae of the different textures, 
 or at thg surface of membranes ; either for the 
 sake oif being thrown out of the body, or to serve 
 for certain purposes. The sweat is a liquid, 
 excrementitious exhalation ; the serous fluid of 
 the pleiiira a liquid, recrementitious exhalation. 
 Bjxhalation is, also, applied to that which ex- 
 hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- 
 ganic., dead or living, 
 Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration. 
 EXHAUS'TION, Exar'i/sis, Vires exhaust'ss, 
 from exhaurire^ {ex, and haurire,) ' to draw out.' 
 {V •) Mpuisement. Loss of strength, occasioned 
 by excessive evacuations, great fatigue or pri- 
 vation of food, or by disease. ' 
 
 EXHUMA'T10N,JSa*«OTa'«io,E#os'ito,from 
 ex, and hunius,. ' the ground.' The disinterment 
 ofia corpse. The circumstances which render 
 this necessary are : — 1. Judicial investigations 
 relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2. 
 The removal of a body fro.m one cemetery to 
 another: and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries 
 or sepulchral vaults. The operation i^ attended 
 with much unpleasant smell and , annoyance, 
 and requires the use of disinfecting agents, of 
 which the most powerful-is chlorinated lime. 
 See Disinfection. The putrid effluvia from ani- 
 mal substances are not, however, found to ex- 
 cite endemic disease. 
 
EXISCHroM 
 
 334 
 
 EXOSTOSIS 
 
 EXISCHIUM. Same etyrrion. Prominence 
 of the hips. 
 
 EXIS'CHIITS, Mxis'chais, from «), < out of,' 
 and iffj^ior, * the iscbinm.' A luxation of the 
 06 femoris. Those with large nates, and pro- 
 minent hips, were fotmerly Galled Exis'efdoi 
 and Ezecheglii'ti, 
 
 EXITU'RA. According to some, any ab- 
 scess which discharges. Paracelsus balls thus 
 every kind of putrid excrement. 
 
 EXITUS, from exire, ' to go out.' The outer 
 termination or exit of a canal. The termination 
 (rfa disease. 
 
 EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis,. 
 
 EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac; 
 
 EXOCARDIAL, see-Endocardiac. 
 
 EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis. , 
 
 EXO'CHAS, Exo'ehe, from^tliu, 'without,' 
 and «/(», ' I have.' A soft tumour — as a hemor- 
 rhoid — ^without th&anus. An outward pile. 
 
 EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas. 
 
 EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis, 
 
 EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, ' out of,' and pcu- 
 lus, ' an eye.' Want of eyes. Want of vision. 
 Blindness. 
 
 EXOCYS'TE, Exoeys'tis, from t|, ' out of,' 
 and xvarig,^' the bladder.' A prolapsus of the 
 bladder into the urethra. Also called Frola^- 
 sus veai'cesj JEdo'pto'sis vesi'cXy (^ ^yRenverse- 
 ment de la vessie,; , •. 
 
 Exocts'te Noelia'na'. • ■ Protrusion of the in- 
 ner membrane of the bladder. So, called fi'om 
 M. Noel, who first a'cciirately described it. 
 
 ExocTs'TE Solinsenia'na. Protrusion of the 
 ,neck of the bladder. Called after M. Solin- 
 gen, who first accurately describe^ it. 
 
 EX(EDESIS, Swelling. 
 
 EXOGOGE, Extrajition. 
 
 EXOGONYAN'CON, from e|w, 'outwajrds,^ 
 yovv,. ' the knee,' and ayxmv, ' an elbow.' Bow- 
 ing of the knees outwards. 
 
 EXOINE, Exoene, from ex, 'out of,' and 
 idoneus, ' fit,' pt rather from exonera're, ' to exo- 
 nerate.' In France, a certificate of excuse, 
 exemption, or dispensation, given to those sum- 
 moned to appear before a cotart of justice j and 
 who are unable to d6 so. ' 
 
 EXOLCE, Extractibn. r 
 
 EXOMETRA, Prolapsus^ uferi. 
 
 EXOMOIOSISj Assimilation. 
 
 EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus. 
 
 EXOM'PHALUS, Exumiilipa'tio, Exom'pha- 
 loee'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia umbilici^lis, Om- 
 •phalej^ oche, Omphidoprdpto'sis, Proletp'sus 
 umbili'ei, (F.) Hernieontbilidaie, H. du nomhril, 
 Vmhilical hertiia, from t5, ' out of,? and ofifaXoi, 
 ' the navel.' Hernia occurring at the navel. 
 This affection happens morefrequefitly m in- 
 fants, and takes place by the umbilical ring. 
 In adults, it occurs more commonly in females 
 than in males ; and, when it does so, the sac 
 passes in the vicinity of the umbilicus. The 
 organs, found in this kind of hernii, are parti- 
 cularly, — the epiploon, the jejunum, the arch of 
 the colon, and sbmetimes the stomach. The 
 tumour is, in general, 1-ound, and presents all 
 the characters of hernia. It is, commonly, 
 readily reducible, and not subject to strangula- 
 tion. It must be reduced, and retained by aU 
 elastic bandage, made in thb form of a girdle, 
 and furnished with a pad at its middle part. 
 When stra^ngulatcd, the stricture may be di- 
 vided upwards and towards the left side. 
 
 EXONCO'M A, Etotieo'sis, from il, and oyxo?, 
 'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used, 
 by Galen, for protuberance bf the vertebra 
 after luxation. ■ 
 
 EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e. Linguae, Glos- 
 soncus. 
 
 EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
 
 EXONEIROSIS, Pollutibn, nocturnal. 
 
 EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal. . 
 
 EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptasis sen Pnlap'ms 
 sen JProcid'en'iiaO.c'uli seu Bulbi Oeiili,ExorU- 
 tis'mus, Ophthai'moceUe, OphthalMoptc^ sis, -Ot- 
 uli tdtiusprominem'tia, from t|, ' out of,' andt^- 
 3ax^o{,'eye.' (F.') Procidencedel'asil. Apro- 
 trusion of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by 
 an abscess or tumour in the cellular texture of the 
 orbit; by exostosis bf the p^rietes of the orbit, 
 l&c. In exophthalipia, the eye is pressed for- 
 wards ; the ^elids are Taised and separated, so 
 that they can no longer cover the eye and de- 
 fend it from the action of extraneous bodies : it 
 becomes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or 
 destroyed. The treatriient of course depends 
 upon the cause. 
 
 ExoPHTHAL'MiA FunSo'sa, Sarcosis bulM— b. 
 Sarcomatica, Sarcosis bulbi. - 
 
 EXOPHTHALJtUS, same etymon. One 
 whose eyes are very prominent.- The oppbsite 
 to Ccelophthalmus. 
 
 EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia. , 
 
 EXORMIA, Papula— e. Lichen, Lichen— e. 
 Prurigo, Prurigo^-T-fe. Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 
 EXORTUS UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
 
 EXOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 EX0-8KELET0N, see Skeleton. 
 
 ,EX0SMA, from,£5, 'out of,' and »«««», 'to 
 move.' A luxated or dislocated limb or organ. 
 
 EXOSMOSE, Exoamo'sis., Transitddtim, 
 frotti e|, 'out of,' and aiiit.bf, 'impulse.' The 
 opposite to Endosmose. The act by which sub- 
 stances transude from within to without an ani- 
 mal or other membrane. 
 
 EXOSMOTIC, Exosmoi'icus : same etymon. 
 Belonging to Exosmose : — as an eiosmstie cur- 
 rent. 
 
 j;XOSSATIO, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTEMA CARIB^A, CiiichonsB carl- 
 bseae cortex. 
 
 EXOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 EXOSTOSE, Exostosis— e.' (^ei Dents, Ex' 
 ostosis dehtium. 
 
 EXOSTO'SiS, Syperostolsis, Emphi/ma, 
 Exosto'sis os'sed, Exasto'^na, Eposto'ma, EpoS' 
 to'sis, Osteo'ma, Oito'lAa, Osteoph'yta, ^xoisal- 
 tio, Ossis eminen'tia, from s%, ' out of,' and oo- 
 Tefli', 'a bone.' An osseous tumouii which 
 forms at the surface of bones, or in their cavi- 
 ties. Various kinds have -been enumerated. 
 Pvofy Exosto'sis, Exostose ehilrnie; — that 
 which has the appearance and consistence of 
 ivory. Lam'inar Exosto'sis; E. Latninie;— 
 that which is forrfted of laminae in superposi- 
 tion or of distinct filaments. The Spongy Et- 
 osto'sis is that whose structure is analogous to 
 the spongy tissue of bones. Exostoses are 
 sometimes distinguished into the true, which 
 seem to be a projection of the osseous sub- 
 stance, and which have the same organization 
 and hardness as that substance; and the falsl> 
 or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis may depend on 
 syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, &c. In such 
 cases, it is important to get rid of the primary 
 disease. 
 
EXOTIC 
 
 335 
 
 EXPULSIVE 
 
 Those exostoses, which occur within Ijie 
 hones, have, by some, heen called Enostoses. 
 Exostosis, Spina vehtosa. 
 Exostosis Dertium, (F.) Exostose des Denis. 
 Exostosis of the teeth. 
 Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma. 
 EXOTIC, ^xo'ticus, from e|io, ' without.' 
 That whici comes from^ abroad. Plants or 
 drugs which are procured. from abroad, are so 
 called. It is opposed to indigeiious. 
 
 EXOTIC ADE'NIA, from Exotic, and aita, 
 ' I dislike.* Aversion for exotic drugs. 
 
 EXOTlCHiEMATOSIS, Transfusion. 
 
 EXOTlCOMA'NIA.. The opposite to exo- 
 ticadenia. Fondness for exotic remedies.' 
 
 EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS; from £|<»T(«f, ' fo- 
 reign,' and aufievnt, 'a growing together.' A 
 union or growing together of foreign bodies, as 
 of a foreign body with the human. , 
 
 EXPANSIO, Expansion — e. Muscnlosa, Pla- 
 tysma myoides. ' > 
 
 EXPAN'SrON, Expan'sio, &om expandere, 
 («x a.jiipanden, ' to open,') ' to spread out.' A 
 prolongation or spreading oirt, presented by cer- 
 tain organs.- Thus, we say an aponeurotic ex- 
 'pansion, &c. 
 
 EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.) 
 
 EXPECTANT, Expec'tans, frohi expectare, 
 iex, and- spectare, 'to look,') ' to wait.' That 
 which waits :— -as Expectant Medicine, — La Me- 
 decine expectanti. ' See Ekpectation. : 
 
 EXPECTATION, Expfctn'iio ; same ety- 
 mon. The word' expectation has been applied, 
 in medicine, to that method, which consists in 
 observing the progressof diseases, and removing 
 deranging influences, without prescribing active 
 medicimes, unless suCh shall be imperiously re- 
 quired; It consists, in fact, in leaving the dis- 
 ease almost wholly to the efforts of nature, and 
 lias been termed' the art of curing diseases by 
 expectation or toaiting — Ars sanan'di cum ex- 
 pectatio'nS, ^ ' 
 
 EX'PEC'TO^A.'NTjExpec'toransjAnaciitkar'- 
 ticus, Ptys'magogue, from ei, 'out of,' and pec- 
 tus, ^ the brestst.' A medicine capable of fa- 
 cilitating or provoking^expectoration. There 
 is probably no such thing as a direct expectp- 
 rant. They all act through the system, or' by 
 impressions made on parts at a' distance, wljich, 
 through the medium of general, continuous, or 
 contiguous sympathy, ejxcite the secretory ves- 
 sels of the air-p?issages into action. The fol- 
 lowing are the chief reputed expectorants : — 
 Ammoniacum 5' Asafoetida ; Galbanum ; Ipeca- 
 cuanha; Myroxyloh; Myrrha; Inhalations, (of 
 lodiae. Stramonium, Tar, Burning Woo'l, To-' 
 bacco," &c.;) Scilla; Senega, and Tolutanum. 
 
 EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration— e. San- 
 guinis, Haimoptysis-^e. Solida; Cynanche tra- 
 >ehealis.. 
 
 EXPECTORA'TIOfir,Ea!pec»o/a«o,£cc^ei'- 
 ysis, Bex hu'mida, Amap'tysis, Frop'tysis, Ste- 
 tko-eatkar'si^s, Anacathar'sis, Anabe^is, same 
 etymon. The act of expelling from the chest 
 matters or secretions there collected or exist- 
 ing. It is, likewise, used for the expectorated 
 matter. 
 
 EXPECTORATION DE SANG, Haemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 EXPELLENS, Expulsive. 
 
 EXPE'RIENCE, Experien'tia, Feirt,, Em- 
 pei'ra, from ti, and 7re/g«, 'a trial.' A know- 
 ledge of things acquired by observation. In 
 
 jnedicine, this knowledge.can be. obtained both 
 jby the "practitioner's own experience, and by 
 that obtained fronj tradition and from books. 
 To profit by experience requires a mind capa- 
 ble of appreciating the proper relations between 
 cause and effect; and hence it happens, that false 
 experience, Experien'tia fallda>, is extremely 
 common j and that a man had better, in nXany 
 instances, trust to that which he has learned 
 from others, than to his own fallacioils observa- 
 tion. . - , ' 
 
 The union of accurate observation by the 
 physician with that handed down by Inedical 
 writers constitutes perfect, experience, so far 
 as it is attainable in any individual case. 
 
 EXFS.RIENCE, Experiment. 
 
 EXPERIMENT, Ea^eri'meM^SMm; same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Experienee. A trial, made on the 
 bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of 
 detecting the' effect of a remedy, or of becoming 
 better acqiiainted with their' structure, func- 
 tions or peculiarities'. In a more gfener-al sense, 
 it means any trial instituted with the ' intent of 
 becoming ' better acquainted with any thing. 
 -By experiments on living animals, we have ob- 
 tained jjiuchA'aluable information in the various 
 departments of medicine J but particularly in 
 physiology and toxicology. 
 
 EXPERT (F.), Exper'tus,'^Tom ex, and 776- 
 ritus'i ' skilled.' Skilful or of good experiencfe. 
 A. physician, charged with the duty of making 
 a report upon any «ase of legal medicine. 
 
 E'KSlS.A.'T:iO^,Expira'tio,Exspird'tio,Ec'- 
 'pnolfEepnetimato'sii, Ecpneu'sis, Apopneu'sis, 
 A^op'noe, Apoprid'a, from exspirare, (ex, and 
 spirare,) ' to breathe out.' The act of expell- 
 ing from the chest, the air received in during 
 respiration. 
 
 EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'ni inser'viens. 
 The expiratory muscles are all those which 
 contribute,, to diminish the cavity of the chest, 
 for the purpose of expelling the air contained 
 in the lungs, or of producing expira);ion. These 
 muscles are, chiefly, the intercostals, triangu- 
 laris sterni, quadratus lumborum, seirEttus pos- 
 ticus inferior,, the oblique and recti muscles of 
 the abdomen-, the sacro4umbalis, &c. 
 
 EXpLORATlO, Exploration— e. Abdomi- 
 nis, Abdominoscopia. 
 
 EXPLORA^TION, Explora'tib, Recpgnif'io, 
 from explorare, 'to search into.' The act of 
 observing and attentively examining or investi- 
 gating everything coniiected with a case of dis- 
 ease. The word is chiefly used in this sense, 
 by the French practitioners. 
 
 EXPLORATORIIJM, Sound, SpeciUum. 
 
 EXPRES'SION, Expres'sio, Ecpies'iiios, 
 Ecthlip'sisy from esc, "* out of,' and premere, ' to 
 press.' The act of compressing a substance, 
 for the purpose of separating from it the fluids 
 which it contains. Also, the manner in which 
 impressions made upon us are depicted; espe- 
 cially in the traits, of the countenance. , 
 
 -ExPEESsioM OF Sweat, (F.) Sueur d'expres- 
 sion, is a term given to the.passive perspiration 
 observable in very debilitated individuals. 
 
 EXPULSIO, Excretion-jr-e. Faecum, Defeca- 
 tion — e. Foetus, Parturition.' 
 
 EXPUL'SI'VE, Expd'lens, Expulso'rius, 
 -from expellere, (ex, and pellere,) ' to drive away. ' ' 
 
 An expulsive bandage, (F.) Bandage exp^lsif, 
 is one constructed with the view of compress- 
 ing a part, from which we are desirous of ex- 
 
EXPULTRIX 
 
 336 EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS 
 
 pelling pus, serum, &(;. Certain, medicines 
 were formefly cajled expulsives,. which were 
 believed to have the .power -of driving the hu- 
 mours towards the skin i-7-as diajphoretips, and 
 SudorijScs. 
 
 EXPULTRIX, see Vis Expiiltrix. 
 
 EXSANGUINJTY, AnEemia. 
 
 EXSANGUIS, Exanguipas. ' 
 
 EXSARCOMA, .Sarcowa. 
 
 ■EXSCREATIO, Excreation. 
 
 EXSECTIO VIRILltlM, Castration. 
 
 EXSECTUS, CastratuB, Eunuch. 
 , EXSICCATIO, Drying. 
 
 EXSICC ATIVA,, Besiccatii^. ' 
 
 EXSOLUTIO,. Eclysis. ; 
 
 EXSPIRATIO, Expiration. 
 
 EXSPaiT"ION, Exspuit'.'io, Spvdt'.'ic,^ 'Spu- 
 ta'tio, Pty^ma, Afiackre'mp'sisy Apockremp'sis, 
 Ckretnp'siSj Ptysis, Anacine'ma, Av-acine'sis^ 
 from ex,, ' out of,' and spuo,i'l spit.' Rejection- 
 of the inatters accumulated in the pharynx and 
 larynx; spitting. 
 
 EXSTASIS, Ecstasis. , , 
 
 .EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation. 
 
 ■'EX.8T:'ROVB.'IA,Ex'strophy,Ec'strophe,iTom 
 t|, ' out of,' and OTjiifn, ' turning,' Extrover'- 
 sio, Extrover'sion. Eversioh or turning out of 
 a part — aspf the eyelids. ) A termused by M. 
 Chaussier for certain, displacements of organs, 
 and especially of th,6. urinary bladder. 
 
 EXSTEOPH'IA or Ex'SXEOPHY OF THE BlaDDEE, 
 
 (F.) Renversement de la Vessie, is a faulty con- 
 formation, in which the organ opens above the 
 pubesj so that in the hypogastric region there 
 is a red, mucous surface, formed by the iftner 
 coat of the bladder; and on which, two promi-- 
 nences are distinguishable, corresponding to the 
 openings of the ureters. 
 
 EXSUCCATIO, Ecchyra^raa. 
 
 EXSUC'TIO, Suc'tio, Ecmyze'sis, frorri ex, 
 ' out of,' and succus, ' a juice.' The action of 
 sucking. ' ■ 
 
 EXSUDATIO, Ephidrosis> 
 
 EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.. 
 
 EXTEMPORA'NEOUSj : Extempora'neiis 
 Extemporaflis, fiom er; and ttmpore, 'out of 
 time.' Those prescriptions are called ' extem- 
 poraneous,' or magistral, which are made on the 
 spot, and composed according to the prescrip- 
 tion of the physician. 
 
 J^XfENSEVR POMMWNDESDOTGTS, 
 Extensor (ligitorum comipunis — e. Commun des 
 orieiZs, "Extensor communis digitorum pedis— 
 e. Court du Pouce, Extensor poUicis brevis — 
 e. Long du pouce, Extensor longus pollicis — e. 
 Petit den orie'jVs, Extensor brevis digitoruih pe- 
 dis — e. Propre dit petit doigi. Extensor pro- 
 prius minimi digiti — e. Propre du. I'Index, Ex- 
 tensor proprius indicis. 
 
 TiXTET:<IS,lBlL'ITY, Extensibil'itas. A pro- 
 perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being ca- 
 pable of extension or elongation. 
 
 EXT EN'SIO, Tetanus. 
 
 EXTElV'SION, Exten'sio, 'Tasis, Ec'tasis, 
 Catat'asis, Anat'asis, from extendere, (ex, and 
 tendere,) ' to stretch out. ' An operatidnjn sur- 
 gery, by which we pull strongly, either with 
 the hands alone, or by straps, a'frac,tured or lux- 
 ated limb, to restore it to its natu;-al position. 
 It is the opposite of Counter-Extension. 
 
 EXTENSOR. Samei etymon. (Y.) Exten- 
 seur. A muscle, whose office is to extend cer- 
 tain parts. ' 
 
 ExTEMSOE BREVIS Disito'hum Pedis, Pei 
 cits, Calcaneo-phalanffihien eomirmn, of Dum 
 Muscle pedieux, Muscle petit, extenaeur t 
 tirteils, Calcaned-sus-fhalangetiien commur, 
 (ph.) Carre du pied; Short Extensor of \ 
 Toes. A muscle, situate on the dorsal regi 
 of the Jb^t. It arises from the external surfs 
 of the calcaneum; and a1: the anteripr edge o 
 ligament, which unitesjhat bone to the astra| 
 lus. Anteriorlyj.each of its divisions ten 
 nates ^by a s'rilall tendon, which is fixed si 
 cessively, at the'superior part of the poster] 
 extremity of the first phalanx of the great t< 
 and to the second and last phalanges of the ne 
 three toesJ Its use is to extend the , first fo 
 toes, and to direct them a little outwards. 
 
 Extensoe.Caepi Radialis BeeviS, see Ra( 
 alls — ^. Carpi jradialis longus, see Radialis— 
 Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital ^muscles. 
 
 Extensor Cdmmi/'nis Digitq'eum Pedis, j 
 Longus Digitorum, Pedis, E. Digitorumbngn 
 Peroneo-tibi-stts-phalangettien comrnmm,, Cx 
 modactylce'us, Peroneo-sus-pkalangettien cm 
 mun, (F.) JC^tenseur commiun des Orteii 
 This piuscle, ajsoj is situate at tlie anterior pa 
 of the leg. It is long, thin, flattened, simpl 
 and fleshy above, and divided into four tendo: 
 below. , It arises from ' the 'outer tuberosity 
 the tibia and the anterior surface of the fibul 
 and is inserted into the superior part of the po 
 terior eiitremify of the ^second and third ph 
 langes of the. last four toes. It extends ,tl 
 three phalanges of these,toes. 
 
 .ExTENSOK 'Djgito'S.um Commu'nis, jpittensi 
 digitorwrncomrnjinis vianus etivi exteitso'ri pri 
 prio auricula'ris, Digito'rum, Tensor; &picot 
 dylo-iSUs-phaJangettien commun — -(Ch.,) — Cor 
 man Extensor of the Fingers, (F.) Extensa 
 commun des Doigts. A long, flattened mu 
 clej simple above, and divided into four po 
 tions inferiorly. It is situate at the poeterii 
 part of the forearm; arises from the extern 
 tuberosity of the humerus; from theaponeuii 
 <sis of the forearm, and from the aponeurot 
 septa situate between it and the iieighbourii 
 muscles, and is inserted at the posterior surfa( 
 of the second and third phalanges of the la 
 four fingers . The muscle extends the phalahgi 
 of the last four fingers upon each other, ai 
 upon the metacarpal bone. It can, also, extei 
 the hand on the forearm. 
 
 ExTENsoE Digitorum LoNd-us, E. commun 
 digitotum pedis — e. Longus digitorum pedi 
 E. communisf digitorum pedis — e^ Proprius ha 
 lucis, E. prpprius pdlliciS pedis — e. Indicis, I 
 proprius indicis— e. Internodii ossig pollicis,! 
 longus pollicis^e. Primi internodii, Abduct( 
 l,ongus pollicis. 
 
 ExTENSOE PoL'ncis Beetis, Extcn'sor mini 
 pol'licisnfanus, E. primi interno'dii, E.fiol'l 
 cis primus, E. Secun'di interno'dii (DoVslas 
 E. secun'di interno'dii ossis poVlicis ; CuSii 
 sus-phalangien du pouce, — (Ch.,) (F.) Cou 
 extenseur du pouce. Seated at the postejior ai 
 inferior part of the forearm.! It is thin,tlon 
 and broader at its middle than at the extremitie 
 It arises from the posterior surface of the uli 
 and the interosseous ligament, and is insert' 
 behind the superior extremity of the first pi 
 la,nx of the thumb. It extends the thumb, a 
 aids in supination. 
 
 Extensor Pol'licis Longus; Extensor m 
 jor pol'licis manus, Extensor secun'di intern^ 
 
EXTENUATIO 
 
 337 
 
 EXTRACT 
 
 dii, Extensor polHcis seetai'dus, Extensor ter'- 
 tii interno'dii (t)ouGLAS,) Extensor interno'dii 
 ossis pol'Hcis, Cubito-sus-phalangettien du 
 fpuce, — (Ch.,) (F.) $Tiisele long extenseur du 
 foKce. This muscle ^s long,-flat, and fusiform; 
 and is seated at the posterior part of the fore- 
 aim. It arises from the posterior surface of the 
 ulna and the interosseous ligamentj and is in- 
 serted at the posterior part of the superior ex- 
 tremity of the first phalanx qf the thuftil). It 
 extends the l&st phalanx of the thumb upon the 
 first. 
 
 ExTEHSOn Pbo'prius In'dicis; £. proprius 
 prtmi dig"iti manus, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor, Ex- 
 tensor secun''di' interno'dii in'dicis pro'prins, 
 Cuhito-sus-phalangettien de V Index, — (Ch.^) 
 (F.) Extenseur propre de VIndex. This mus- 
 cle is long and thin.; broader in the middle than 
 at the extremities ; and is situate at the poste- 
 rior part of the forearm. It arises f^om the 
 posterior surface of thenbia, and is inserted at 
 the posterior part of tl^e upper extremity of the 
 second and third phalanx of the index finger. 
 It extends the three phalanges of the index fin- 
 ger ; and has, besides, the same uses as the other 
 extremities of the fingers. 
 
 Extensor Peo'prios Min'imi Dig"itI, £pi- 
 cffndylq-s'yis^^phalangeitien du petit doigt, — 
 (Ch.j) (^.) Extenseur propre du petit doigt. 
 Situate on th& inside of ^e Extensor^:ommunis 
 digito'rum. It arises from the external con- 
 dyleof the os humeri and the aponeurotic septa 
 seated between it, the extensor communis digi- 
 torum, and the extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is 
 inserted into the last two phalanges of the little 
 finger. Its use is to extend the little finger, 
 and even the hand upon the forearm. 
 
 - Extensor Pro'prius Pol'lioiS Pedis; E. pro- 
 prius Hal'lucis, E. Longus (Doxiglas,) E. pol- 
 Hcis longus j^Peroneo-sus-phalangien du pouce, 
 Peroneo-siis-phdlangetiien du pouce, — (Ch.) 
 This muscle is situate at the anterior part of 
 the leg. It is fleshy, broad, flat above; small 
 and tendinous below. It arises from, the ante- 
 rior part of the middk third of the fibula, and 
 is inserted into the posterior part of the supe- 
 rior extremity of the last ^phalanx of the great 
 toe. It extends the last, phalanx of the great 
 toe upon the first, and the first upon the first 
 metacarpal bone. 
 
 Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis bre- 
 vis. — e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis. 
 Extensor longus pollicis — e. Secundi interno- 
 d)i indicisproprius,E. proprius indipis^e. Ter- 
 tii internodii, E. longUs pollicis — e. Tertii in- 
 ternodii indicia. Prior annulai:is — p. Tertii in- 
 ternodii minimi digiti, Abdyctor minimi digiti 
 — e. Ossis raetacarpi pollicis minus. Abductor 
 longus pollitis^-e. Pollicis longus,' E. proprius 
 pollicis pedis — e. Pollicis secundus, E. Longus 
 pollicis — e^ Minor pollicis manus, E. pollicis 
 brevis — e.^ Primus pollicis, Abductor longus 
 pollicis. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Magnus ; E. Tarsi sura'lis. 
 A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas- 
 trocnemius and soleus combined. 
 
 Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle. 
 
 EXTENUATIO, Emaciation. 
 
 EXTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
 
 EXTER'NAL DISEASES, ExtHn'sic Dis- 
 eases, Marbi extrin'seci. Surgical diseases, (F.) 
 Maladies externes. Those diseases which oc- 
 cupy the surface of the body, and which form 
 
 the object of surgical pathology, requirihg, ge- 
 nerally external means, or surgical operations. 
 
 EXTfiRNUS AURIS, Laxator tympani— -e. 
 Mallei, Laxator tympafti. 
 EXTESTIOPLATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
 
 EXTINCTIO, Death^e. Hydrargy);i, Ex- 
 tinction of Mercury— e. Mercurii, Extinction of 
 Mercury. . 
 
 ExTiMOTio Voois, (F.) Extinetiori de voia. 
 The French use this term for cases in which the 
 voice is not wholly suppressed, but produces 
 only feeble sounds : — Incomplete aphonia, 
 
 EXTINC'TION OF MERfCURY, Extinc'tio 
 Mercu'rii vel Hydrar'gyri. Trituratioji of 
 mercury with lard or other substance, until the 
 metallic globules disappear. The mercury is 
 then so divided, that it forms a black powder, 
 generally considered to be a protoxide of mer- 
 cury, but, perhaps, erroneously. 
 
 liXTIRPATIO. LINGUiE, Glossosteresis— 
 e. Testiculorum, Castratio. ' 
 
 EXTIRPA'TION, Extirpa'tio, Exsfirpa'tio, 
 ^Ahln'tio, Apka'resis, from extirpare, {ex, and 
 stirps,) ' to root out.' The complete removal 
 or destruction of any part, either by cutting in- 
 struments or the action of caustics. Thus, we 
 speak of the' extirpation of cancer, polypus,i en- 
 cysted tumour, &c, 
 , EXTOMIUS, Eanuch. 
 
 EXTOZOA, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOAIRES, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa. 
 
 EXTRA-PELYIO-FUIBI- TROCSANTi- 
 RIEN, Obturator externus. 
 
 EXTRACT, Extractum— e. of Aconite, Ex- 
 tractum aconiti — e. of Aoonitei alcoholic, Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholicum — e. of Aloes, puri- 
 fied, Extractum aloes purificatum — e. of Bark, 
 Extractum cirichonae — e. of Bark, resinous, Ex- 
 tractum cinchonas resinosum — e. of Belladonna, 
 -Extractum belladonnae — e. of Belladonna, alco- 
 holic, Extractum belladonnae alcoholicum — e. 
 of Bittersweet, Extractum dulcamarae — e. of 
 Broom tops, Extractum cacuminum genistas— 
 e. of Butternut, Extractum juglandis — e. of 
 Cascarilla, resinous, Extractum cascarillaft, re- 
 sinosum — e. of Chamomile, E. anthemidis — e. 
 of Cinchona, Extractum cinchonae — e. of Colo- 
 xynth, Extractum colocynthidis — e. of Colo- 
 cynth, compound, Extractum colocynthidis 
 compositum — e. of Dandelion,, Extractum ta- 
 raxaci — e. of Elaterium, Extractum elat«rii— e. 
 of Ergot, Ergotin— e. of Gentian, Extractum 
 gentiaHae — e. of Hemlock, Extractum cicutaa — 
 e. of HelleborCj black, Extractum hellebori-^e. 
 of Hemlock, alqoholic, Extractum conii alco- 
 holicum — e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyami 
 — e. of Henbane, alcoholic, Extractum hyos- 
 cyami alcoholicum — e. of Hops, Extractum 
 huinuli — e. of Jalap, Extractum jalaps — e. of 
 Lettuce, Extractum lactucae — e. of Liquorice, 
 Extractum glycyrrhizae — e. of Logwood, Ex- 
 tractum haematoxyli— rC. of Mayapple, Extrac- 
 tum podophylli — e. of Meat, saponaceous, Os- 
 mazome — e. of Oak bark, Extractum corticis 
 querciis — e. of White poppy, Extractum papa- 
 veris — e. of Quassia, Extractum quassiae — e. of 
 Quinia, Extractum quinise— ^e. of Rhatany, Ex- 
 tractum krameriae-p e. of Rhubarb, Extractum 
 rhei — e. of Rue, Extractum rutae — e. of Sarsa- 
 parilla, Extractum sarsaparillse — e. of Savine, 
 Extractum foliorum sabinae — e. of Stramonium, 
 Extractum stramonii — e. of Valerian, Extractum 
 
EXTRACTTF 
 
 i338 
 
 EXTEACTUM CINCHONjE 
 
 Valerianae— e.' of Wormwood, Extractum cacu- 
 minum absinthii. 
 
 EXTRACTIF, Extractive. 
 
 EXTRACTION, Extrac'tio, Exa'resis, Ex- 
 ogo'gt, Exolee, Exdlcps'mus, Mnchylo'sis, from 
 0Urahere, {ex, and trahere,) ' to draw out.' The 
 act o!f removing an extraneous substance from 
 any part of the body. Thus, a splinter is said 
 to be extracted. It is, also, applied to the re- 
 moval of certain parts. The cataract is said to 
 be extracted: a tooth is extracted, •when carious, 
 &c. 
 
 EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extraetif. Same ety- 
 mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which 
 has been admitted in Extracts. Thus, bitter 
 extractive is^he immediate principle of bitter 
 Vegetables, ^c. 
 
 EXTRACTUM, Extract, Ecchylo'ma, (F.) 
 Extrait. An extract is prepared by evapora- 
 ting vegetable solutions, till a tenacious mass 
 is obtained. When prepared from an infusion 
 or decoction, it is called a watery, — from a tinc- 
 ture, a epirittioui extract. Both kinds contain 
 all the principles of the vegetable, that are so- 
 luble in the menstrua with which they are pre- 
 pared ; but the A^olatile parts arp dissipated, and 
 some of the fixed parts are decomposed ; the 
 proper extractive is oxygenized, and the vir- 
 tues of the vegetable substance consequently 
 altered or destroyed. Extracts are hard or 
 soft; the consistence of the soft being such as 
 to retain the pilalar form without >the addition 
 of a powder. A patent was taken out some 
 years ago by a Mr. Barry, of London, for pre- 
 paring them in vacuo ; and, as the teniperiture 
 is much lower than in the ordinary method, the 
 virtues of the plant are less altered, and the 
 extracts are generally green. Extracts are 
 also prepared by displacement or percolation. 
 They have, likewise, received different names 
 according to their predominant principle. The 
 g^i/nMny or ftiuco2is, or mucilaginous, are those 
 which are mainly composed of gum or muci- 
 lage^ Gum tragacanth may be considered a 
 pure gummy extract.- Gelatinous extracts are, 
 those composed especially of gelatin ; resinous 
 extracts, those of a resinous clraracter ; extracto- 
 resinous, those composed of extractive or co- 
 louring matter and resin ; gum-resinous, those 
 aontaining gum and resin; and sapona'ceous or 
 sapona'eeous saline, those containing a notable 
 quantity of saline . substances and a resinous 
 matter, so combined with mucus and other so- 
 luble substances, that they cannot be separated. 
 
 Extractum Absin'thii C acu'minum. Extract 
 of wormwood. {A decoction defecated and eva- 
 porated:) The flavour is dissipated along with 
 the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, 
 gr. X. to 9J in pill. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti, Extract of Aconite, 
 Succus spi'ssa'tus aconiti napelli, {from the in- 
 spissated- juice -without defecation.) It is es- 
 teemed to be narcotic and diuretic ; and has been 
 given in the cases referred to under aconitum. 
 Dose, gr. j. gradually increasing it. 
 
 Extractum Aconi'ti . Alcohol'icum, Alco- 
 holic Extract of Aconite, {Aconit. in pulv. crass. 
 Bj; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Moisten the aconite 
 with half a pint of diluted alcohol : iBt it stand 
 for 24 hours : transfer it to a displacement appa- 
 ratus, and gradually add the remainder of the 
 diluted alcohol. When the last portion of this 
 has penetrated the aconite, pour in from time 
 
 to time water sufficient to keep the powdei 
 vered. Stop the filtration when the liquid w, 
 passes begins to' produce a precipitate, a 
 falls,' in that which has already passed. D 
 off the alcohol, and evaporate to a proper ( 
 sistence. (Ph. U. S,) 
 
 Extractum Al'oes Purifica'tum, Pu'n 
 extract of aloes. {The gum/nvy pa/rt extra 
 ly boiling water, defecated amd inspjissta,i 
 Dose, gr. v. to gr. xv. 
 
 Extractum Anthem'idiS, E. anthemidis ■ 
 bilis, E. chamairne'li,. E. fiorvM ehamam 
 Extract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil 
 dissipated in this preparation. It is a p\ 
 grateful bitterj and is tonic, and stomad 
 Dose, gr. x. to gr. XX in pills, 
 
 Extractijm Asparagi, see Aspar-agns. 
 
 Extractum BECUAnoN'Hia;, Suems spissa 
 at'ropm belladon'nce. Extract of Belladon 
 {an expressed juice inspissated.) Proper 
 same as those of the planl Dose, gr. J, gra 
 ally increased. It dilates the pupil when 
 plied to the eye. 
 
 Extractum Belladonna Alcobol'icdm, 
 cohoVic extract of Belladonna. (Prepared 1 
 the Extractum aconiti alcoholicum. Ph. U. 
 
 Extractum Cascaril'l^ Resino'sum, U 
 inous extract of casCaril'la, {Cdrt. cascarilU 
 pulv. cras^. ftj, Sp. vifd rect. Biv. Digest 
 four days; then decant ami strain; boil 
 residuum in ten pints of water to two; fil 
 and evaporate the decoction, and distil the ti 
 ture in a retort, till both are thickened; i 
 mix and evaporate to a pilular consisteni 
 Dosej.gr. X to gr. XX in pills. 
 
 Extractum Catharticum, E. Colocynth 
 co'mpositum — e. Catechu, Catechu— e., C 
 masmeli, E. Anthemidis— e.'^Cicuts, E. Co 
 
 Extractum Cat^ol'ioum, (F.) Extrait i 
 tholique. This epithet is given to pills c( 
 posed of aloes, black hellebore, and colocyi 
 resin of jalap, and sc^mmony. See, also, ] 
 tractuin colocynthidis compositum. 
 
 ■ Extractum Cincho'n^, Extract of Cind 
 na, E. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni, E. Cincho 
 Molle, E. of Bark. {A decoction evaporate 
 The active principles are similar- to those 
 the bark in substance'; but it is not so effect 
 — owing to the chymical change induced in 
 drug during the boiling. When reduced, 
 •drying, to a state fit for being powdei-ed, i 
 called the JSard Extract of Bark, Extrae'i 
 Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni durum, E. Cinch,o'na, 
 rjim. Dose, gr. x to ^ss. ■ 
 
 Extractum Cinchona RtsiNo'suM, E.C 
 chon<B landfo'lice, E. Cinchonce Rubra resit 
 sum, Res'inous Extract of Bark, E. Cincho 
 Resin a. The aqueo-spirituous extract c 
 tains both the extractive and resin of the ba 
 Dose, gr. x. to xxx. 
 
 Extractum Cinchonce of the Pharmacop 
 of the United States, (1842,) if directed tc 
 prepared as follows : — Peruvian Bark, in coi 
 powder, Ibj; AUohol, Oiv; Water, a suffici 
 quantity. Macerate the Peruvian bark ^ 
 the alcohol for four days; then filter by a 
 placement apparatus, and when the li( 
 ceases to pass, pour gradually on the I 
 water sufficient to keep its surface cove 
 When the filtered tincture measures four pi 
 set it aside, and proceed with the filtration 
 til six pints of infusion aj-e obtained. Disti 
 the alcohol from the tincture and evaporate 
 
EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS 339 
 
 EXTRACTUM RHEI 
 
 infusion till the liquids are respectively 'brought 
 to the consistence of tbin honey; then mix and 
 evaporate to form an extract. — Ph. TJ. Si) 
 
 ExTRAOTDM Colooin'thidis, Extraet ofCoi^- 
 oeynth. A cathartic, in tile dose of from gr. v. 
 togss. 
 
 ExTBAOTCM CoLOeYN'THrolS CoMPOs'lTTIMj 
 Extraetum Cathar'ticum, E, Cathol'icu^y E. 
 Qjiereetc^ni, Compound Extract of Gploeynfh. 
 (Coloeyntk. pulp, concis. §vj. Aloes pa'lv. gxij; 
 Scommore. pulv. giv; Cardamom, pulv. gj.j 
 Alcohol, dilut. cong. Macerate the pnlp in the 
 spirit at a gentle heat for four days; strain: 
 add the aloes and scammony; then distil off the 
 spirit and mix in t^e cardamom seeds. Ph. U. 
 S.) It is a powerful cathartic, and is nsed_ in 
 obstinate visceral obstrnctions, &c. Dos^e, gr. 
 vj to Jss. 
 
 ExTKACTUM Cqui'ry E. Ci(y»!tx, Sueeus ei- 
 eutee spissa'iuSf Extract of Hemlock, Sueeus 
 spissatus conii maculaft^, .(Expressed juiee 
 inspissated wttho-ut defe^cation.^ ' ' Employed in 
 the same cases as the coniumi Dose, gr. lij to 
 
 ExTKACTtriii CoNii Alcohoi.'icum^ Alcoholic 
 Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex- 
 tractum aconiti alcoholiclmn. — Pb. U. S.) 
 
 ExTEAOTTjM CoNVOLTULi Jalapje, E. jalapaB 
 — e. Corticis Peruviani, E. Cinchonse. 
 
 EiTRACTUM Dulcama'e^, Extract of Bitter- 
 sweet. -(Prepared by displacement from bitter- 
 sweet in coarse powder. — Ph. U; S.) 
 
 ExtSaotum Elate'kii, Elate'tium, Extrant 
 of Elaterizem. ( The fecrda. of the expressed 
 juice.) It is violently cath^T:t{c,hydragogue, 
 and sometihies emetic. Dose, gr, ss.every 
 hour till it operates. 
 
 ExTEACTCM EKGOTiE, Ergotin. 
 
 ExTRACTUM GeHIS'SJE CACTj'MimjM, ExtraCt 
 
 of Broom Tops. Diuretic and stofinacbic. Dose, 
 gsstogj. 
 
 ExTKACTUM G^ntia'n2e, Ext. Getitia'nse lu'- 
 teeSf E^t. Rddi'cis GenUianes, Extract of Gen'~ 
 tian. {The evaporated decoction. Prepared 
 also by displacement. — ^Ph. IT. S.) Properties 
 like the Gentian. Dose, gr. x. to gss. 
 
 ExTjiAOTtJM GLTCYERHi'zffi ; Extract of lA- 
 qnorice. (The evaporated decoction,') It is de- 
 mulcent, taken ad libitum. 
 
 Refined Liquorice^ which is sold in the form 
 of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a 
 solution of 1 tbe pure extract of liquorice with 
 half its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass 
 and cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, 
 by rolling them together in a box. 
 
 ExTRACTiTM Hkmatox'tli, E. Samatox'yli 
 Campeehia'ni, E. Scoiis Hsematoxyli, Extract 
 of LogvSood. ( The evaporated decoction.) It 
 is astringent. Dose, gr. x. to gj. 
 
 ExTEACTUM RaDI'CIS HeLLEB'oEI NiGEI, 
 
 ^xt. of Black Hell'ebore root, B. Helleiori ni- 
 gri. (The evaporated decoction.) In large 
 doses, this is cathartic ; in smaller, diuretic,'<-re' 
 solvent (?) and emmenagogue (?). Dose, as a 
 cathartic, gr. x to Qj ; as an emmenagogue, &c. 
 gr. iij to gr. x. 
 
 ExTEACTUM Helleboei, of the Pharmaco- 
 jKEia of the United States (1842) is prepared 
 from Black Hellebore, in coarse powder, like 
 the Extractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 ExTEAOTTJM Hu'mci.i, Extract of hops, (the 
 evaporated decoction.) It is tonic, anodyne(?), 
 diuretic (?). Dose, gr. v to gj. 
 
 ExTE ACTUM HvosCt'ami, Extract of Hen- 
 lane, Sucetis spissa'tus Hyoscyami nigri. Sum. 
 Spiss. Hyoscyami. ( The expressed jnice, in- 
 spissated without defecation.) Its virtues are 
 narcotic. Dose, gr. v. to 9 8s. , ' 
 
 ExTBAOTUM HyosCvami Alcohol'ioum, Al- 
 coholic Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from 
 leaves of Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, like 
 the Extractum aconiti alcoholicum — Ph. V. S.) 
 
 ExTEACTUM Jala'p^, E. Comiiol'vuli Jala- 
 pa, E. Jaia'pii, Extract of Jalap, E, Jala'pi. 
 (A spirituous tincture distilled ; and an aqueous 
 decoction evaporated; the residua being mixed 
 together: kept both soft and hard.) It isca- 
 tiartic and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x. to_9J. 
 
 ExTEACTUM JALAPiE of <the Ph. U. S. is pre- 
 pared like the Extractum cinchonie. Ph. IT. S. 
 
 Extractum Jalaps Resino'sum, Bes'inous 
 Extract of Jalap. This is cathartic. 
 
 ExTEACTUM ivG'LK!i'T>is, Extract' of Butter- 
 nut. (I*reparedl by displacement from butter- 
 nut, in coarse powder. — Ph. TJ. S.) 
 
 ExTKACTUM 'KeaMe'eis, Extract of Rha- 
 ^tany. (Prepared by displacement from rba- 
 tany, in coarse powder. — Ph. tf. S.) 
 
 EXteactUm Lactu'cs, Extract of Lettuce, 
 Sueeus spissa'tus TjactUctEsativcB. (Leaves of' 
 fresh lettuce Bj ; beat thehu in a stone mortar, 
 sprinkling them with water; then express the 
 juice and' evaporate, without allowing it to sub- 
 side, until it acquires a -proper degree of con- 
 sisteiice.) It is said to be narcotic and diapho- 
 retici, Dose, gr. iij. to gr. X. ' 
 
 An extract is, sometimes, made from the juic« 
 of the vrild lettuce, Lactuea viro'sa, which is 
 regarded as diuretic. - 
 
 ExTEACTUM Maetis Aceticu-ii, Ferri Acetas 
 — e. Nucis Vomicae Spirituosum, see Strychnos 
 nux vomica. 
 
 , ExTEACTUM 0'pii,E. Opii aqno'swm,E . 7%e- 
 ba'icumi Extract of Opium, E. Opii gwmmo'- 
 sum, Lau'danu/m opia'tum sen simplex, Opiwm 
 cola'tum- seu depura'tum. (A watery solution 
 defecated and evaporated.) Dose, gr. ss. to 
 gr. v. . _ 
 
 ExTEACTUM Pakohtmago'gum. A. drastic 
 medicine, composed of c&locynth, bruised with 
 its seeds ; senna Bruised ; black*''hellebore root^ 
 Agaric, Scammony in powder. Extract of Aloes 
 and Powder of Diarrhodon. ' 
 
 ExTEACTUM Papav'eeis, E. Fapwo'eHs som- 
 nif'eri, E. Papaveris albi, Extt^act. of white 
 poppy. (The decoction evaporated.) It pos- 
 sesses nearly the same virtues as opium, but is 
 weaker. Dosegr.'ij. to T)j. 
 
 ExTEACTUM Podophtl'li, Extract of May- 
 apple. (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse 
 powder, in the same manner as the Extract of ■ 
 cinchona — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 ExTEACTUM PuEGANs, See Hedera helix— e. 
 Quercetani,E. Colocynthidis dompositum. 
 
 ExTEACTUM QuAs'si«, Extract of Quassia. 
 (Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped 
 —Ph. IJ. S.) 
 
 ExTEACTUM Coe'ticIS QuEECiJs, ' Extract of 
 oak bark. (The decoction evaporated.) It is as- 
 tringent and tonic. 
 
 ExTEACTUM Qm'-niiB, Qwinia sulphas impu'- 
 rus. This is made by evaporating the liquor 
 poured off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to 
 theconsistence of a pilular mass. Twenty-four 
 grains Will generally arrest an intermittent. 
 
 Extractum Rhei, ExJracJ of Rhubarb. Uses, 
 
EXTRACTUM RUDII 
 
 340 
 
 EYE 
 
 like those of the powdered root. Dose gr. x. 
 to gss. 
 
 ExTKACTCM Ru'dii, Extract ofRndius,.(F-) 
 Extrait de Rudius, Pills made of colocynth, 
 agariC) sca/mmony^ roots of hlach hellebore and 
 jalap, socotrine aloes, cinnambn, mace, cloves, 
 and aleohpl. 
 
 ExTEAOTUM RuTiE GraVEOLEN'TIS, E, foUo'- 
 
 rum Rutce, Extract of Rue, Eztractum Rutce. 
 {A decoction evaporated.) Tonic, stomachic. 
 The volatile oil beiijg dissipated in'the boiling, 
 this is not a good preparation. Dose, gr. x. 
 
 ExTEAqTUM FoLio'RiiM Sabi'n^, Extract of 
 Savine. {A deeaetion evaporated.) Tonic. The 
 same remarks inay be made on this preparation 
 as on the last. Dose, gr. x. to gss, 
 
 ExTBAOTDM SAESAPARiL't^, Extract of Sar- 
 »apariVla. i^A strained decoction evaporated^ 
 Virtues the same as those of the powdered root. 
 Dose, gr. x to 15J. 
 
 Extractvm, Sarsaparillx of the United States 
 tharmacopceia, (1842,) is prepared from Sarsa- 
 parilla, in coarse powder, like the Extractum 
 aconiti alcoholicum. 
 
 ExTEACTUM Satuent, Goulaed's, Liquor 
 plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis hsematoxyli, E. 
 haematoxylil 
 
 Exteactum ?ifB.&Mo'mi, Extract of Stra/mo'- 
 niuTn. {Seeds of Stra/moniurn, Ibj, boiling water, 
 one gallon. Macerate for four hours in a vessel 
 slightly covered, near the fire; then take the seeds 
 O'Ut; bruise them, in a stone mortar and return 
 them again -to the fluid when they are bruised. 
 Boil the liquor dowri to 4 pints,' and strain 
 while -it is hot. Finally, evaporate to a proper 
 thickness. Ph. B.) In the Pharm. JJ. S., £1- 
 tractum Stramonii is the expressed juice inspis- 
 sated. The Extractum Stramonii Seminis is 
 
 made as iollo'wa:'— Stramonium seed, ground 
 into powder, Ibj. Diluted Alcohol, q. s. Hav- 
 ing riibbed the powder with diluted alcohol, 
 Oss, introduce the mixture into an apparatus 
 for displacement, and pour upon it, gradually, 
 diluted alcohol, till the liquor passes colourless. 
 Distil off the alcohol from the filtered liquor, 
 and evaporate the residue to the proper consis- 
 tence. Used as a narcotic in asthma and other 
 Spasmodic affections. Dose, gr. ij. to gr.x. 
 
 EXTE4.CTUM Taeax'aoi, Ext. Herbdet EaU- 
 ds Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandelion. {A 
 strained decoction, evaporated.) It has been 
 considered deobstruentj laxative, andjdiuretjc. 
 Dose, gr. x; to ,1^. 
 
 ExTEACyuM THEBAtCUM, E. OpU. 
 
 Exteactum Valeeia'ns, Extract oJVaW- 
 rian. {An expressed decoction evaporated.) 
 The virtues of the valerian being dependent 
 upon its essential oil, this is an objectionable 
 preparation. Dose, gr. x. to ,^j. 
 
 There are some other extracts in the Ameri- 
 can and other Pharmacopoeias, but they are 
 prepared in the ordinary mode, and possess 
 merely the virtues of the pjants. Tlieyare 
 besides, generally of an unimportant character. 
 
 EXTRAIT, Exiiact—e.- Alcoholiqueide noix 
 vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica — «, des 
 Fruits, Rob — «. Semos^atique de Bonjrnn, 
 Ergotin. / 
 
 EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, from extra, ' T*ith- 
 out.' Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'num, C. alie'- 
 num, (F.) Cordis etr.anger. Any solid, liquid, 
 or gaseous Substance, inanimate or animate, 
 proceeding from without or formed in the body j 
 and which constitutes nd part, of the body, but 
 occupies, in the substaiice of the textures or 
 some of the cavities, a place foreign to it. 
 
 Extraneous bodies may^je grouped as in the 
 following table : , , 
 
 '1. 
 
 iNAtiiUATE Bodies. 
 
 Animated Bodies. 
 
 Proceeding: from with- C These are numberless. Tliey taay be introduced by 
 J out. I the natural ways or by accidental openings. 
 
 Y f Calculi. 
 
 |_2. Formed in the body, < Efiiision of blood, pus, urine, or air, into parts noJ 
 
 ( naturally containing them, 
 ri. Participating in the C Cysts, &c. of every kind, developed in (he different 
 1 life of the individual. \ organs. 
 
 EXTRAVASA'TION, Extravasa'tio, frbm 
 extra, ' out of,' and vasa, ' vessels.' Escape of 
 a fluid, — extravasa'twnt, — from the vessel con- 
 taining it, and infiltration or effiision of the fluid 
 into the surrounding textures. 
 
 EXTRAVASATUM, see Extravasatiq. 
 
 EXTREMITY, Extrem'itas; from extremus, 
 ' the outermost j' the end or termination of a 
 thing. The limbs, acrote'ria, have been so 
 called, — as the upper and lower extremities. It 
 has been, also, used to express the last momenta 
 of life ; as when we say, a patient is in ' extre- 
 mity,' (E.) le malade est ci I'extremite, a toute 
 e'ztremite. See Membrum. 
 
 EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'secus. That which 
 comes from without. This term has been used 
 for muscles, which surround certain organs and 
 attach them to the neighbouring piarts; in order 
 to distinguish them from other muscles, which 
 enter into the intimate composition of these 
 organs, and which have been named intrinsic. 
 
 Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles 
 of the tongue, ear, &c. 
 
 EXTROVKRSIO, Exstrophia. 
 
 EXTUBERANTIA,f Protuberance. 
 
 EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance. 
 
 EXTUMEF ACTIO, Swelling'. 
 
 EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, ' a cough.' 
 •I cough with expectoration.' 
 
 EXU'BER, from ea;, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' 
 and mier<s(, 'the \iTe3S\Sf' . Apogalac'tos. 'A 
 child which has been weaned.' 
 
 EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceratioivr- 
 e. Uteri, Hysterelcosis; — e. Ventriculi, Gastrel- 
 cosis. 
 
 EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos. 
 
 EXUSTIO, Cauterization. 
 
 EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus. 
 
 EXUTORY, Fonticulus. 
 
 EYE, Sax, eas, Teuton. Auge, O'culm, 
 Ops, Omma, OphthaVmos, Ulos, Op'tilos (Do- 
 ric,) Viso'rium Org'anum, (F.) CEil. The eye 
 is the immediate organ of vision. It is seated 
 
EYEBALM 
 
 341 
 
 FACIAL 
 
 in the orbit, whilst its dependencies, called by 
 Haller Tutam'ina Oe'uli, occupy the circumfe- 
 rence of the cavity, and are composed of the 
 eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Meibo- 
 mius, &c'. The Ball, (JZoi«,.or Bulb of the Eye, 
 Bulbus Oe'iili, is covered anteriorly by the tu- 
 nica conjunctiva; is moved by six muscles, 
 four straight, two oblique, and is constituted of 
 membranes, as the sclerotic, cdrnea, choroid, 
 tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hyaloid^ and in the 
 fcetu?, the membrana pupilldris; — and of fluids, 
 called Humours or Media, — the aqueous, crys- 
 talline, and vitreous. The vessels of the eye pro- 
 ceed from the ophthalmic artery. The nerves, 
 except the pptic, are chiefly furnished from the 
 ophthalmic ganglion. The following are the 
 dimensions, &c., of the organ, on the authori- 
 ties of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster : 
 
 Length of the antero-posterior diame- 
 ter of the eye, . - . - 
 Vertical chord of ^e cornea, - 
 Versed sine of the cornea, 
 Horizontal chord of the cornea, 
 
 o.oa 
 
 120° 
 
 0.91 
 0.45 
 0.11 
 0.47 
 Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.37 to 0.13 
 8^ of pupil diminished by magnify- 
 ing power of comea to, , - - 0.25 to 0.12 
 Radius of the anterior surface of the 
 
 crystalline, . - - . 0.30 
 
 Radius of posterior sur&ce, - - 0.32 
 
 Principal fi)cal distance of lens, • 1.73 
 
 Distance of the centre of the optic 
 
 nerve from the /oraniencenfrafe of - 
 
 Sommering, .... 0.11 
 
 Distance of the iris from the.cornea, ' " 0.10 
 Distance of the iris irom the anterior 
 
 surface of the crystalline, 
 Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° ) , 
 Field of Vision below a horizontal line, 70° ) 
 Field of vision in a horizontal plane, 150° 
 
 Diameter of the crystalline in a wo- 
 man above fifty years of age, - 0.378 
 Diameter of the cornea, - - - 0.400 
 Thickness of the crystalline, - - 0.172 
 Thickness of the cornea, - - 0.042 
 
 Eye, Apple, see Melum — e. Glass, Scaphium 
 oculare, see Spectacles — e. Cat's, Amaurotic, 
 see Amaurotic— e. Gum of the, Chassie — e. 
 -Lashes, Cilia— e. Lid, Palpebra — e. Lid, Granu- 
 lar,Trachoma — ei.Melon, see Melum — e. Puru- 
 lent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants — e. Salve, 
 Singleton's, XJngtientum Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydi ; Eye-sal've, Smellomfr's, see Cupri suba- 
 ceias — e. Sight of the. Pupil — e. White of the, 
 see Sclerotic. 
 
 EYEBALM, Hydrastis Canadensis. 
 
 EYEBRIGHT, Euphrasia ofiicinalis,Lobelia. 
 
 EYESTONE. The shelly operciilum of small 
 turbinidese. Used at Guernsey to get things out 
 of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner 
 of the eye, under the eyelid, it will work its 
 way out at the outward corner, and bring out 
 any foreign substance with it.-i-Gray. 
 
 Eye of Typhon, Scilla — e. Water, common. 
 Liquor zinci ^ulphatis cum camphor^ — e. Water, 
 blue. Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi- 
 phora. 
 
 F. 
 
 FABA jEGYPTIACA, Nymphaa nelumbo 
 — f. Cathartica, Jatropha curcas-^f. Crassa, Se- 
 dum telephium — f. Febrifuga, Ignatia amara — 
 f. Grseca, Diospyros lotus — f. Indiqa, Ignatia 
 amara — f. Peciuurei, Tetranthera Pechurim — 
 f. Pechurim, TeTranthera pechujim — f. Purga- 
 trix, Ricinus communis — ^^f. Sancti Ignatii, Ig- 
 natia amara — f. Suilla, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 FAB^, Onisci aselli. 
 
 BABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo. 
 
 FAB ARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium. 
 
 FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Hermaphro- 
 deity. 
 
 FACE, Fades, Vultus, Voltus, Proso'pon, 
 <F.) Face. The face is the anterior part of the 
 head. It is formed of 13 bones, viz. the tivo 
 superior maxillary, the two malar, the two 
 ossa-na3i,^\iQ two ossa unguis, the vomer, the 
 two ossa spongiosa inf^riordi the two palate 
 bones, and the inferior maxillary, without in- 
 cluding the frontal portion of the os froiitis, and 
 the 32 teeth, which may be considered to -form 
 part of it. Its numerous muscles are chiefly 
 destined for the organs of ^ightj hearing, taste, 
 and smell. Its arteries proceed froni the exter- 
 nal carotid : its veins end in the jugular, and its 
 nerves draw their origin immediately from the 
 brain. 
 
 The face experiences alterations in. disease, 
 which it is important to attend to. It is yellow 
 in jaundice, pale and pufl[y in dropsy ; and its 
 expression is very different according to the 
 seat of irritation, so that, in infants, by an at- 
 
 tention to medical physiognomy, we can often 
 detect the seat of disease. 
 
 Hippocrates has well depicted the change 
 which it experiences in one exhausted by long 
 sickness, by greaj^ evacuations, excessive hun- 
 ger, watchfulness, &c., threatening dissolution. 
 Hence -Ijhis state has beeij called Fades Hip- 
 pocrat'ica. Fades Cadaver'ica, F- Tortua'lis. 
 In this, the nose is pinched; the eyes are sunk; 
 the temples hollow; the ears cold, and re- 
 tracted : the skin o^ the forehead tenSe, and dry ; 
 the complexion livid; the lips pendent, relaxed, 
 and cold, &c. • 
 
 The term Face, (F.) is likewise given to one 
 of the aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the 
 superior face of the stomach. 
 
 FACE, INJECTiE, pee V-ultueux—f. Vul- 
 tueuse, see Vultueux. 
 
 FACETTE',(¥.) Diminutive ot face. A 
 small face : a small, circumscribed portion of 
 the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of 
 a bone. 
 
 FACHUNGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 These springs are at no great distance from 
 those of Geilenau. They contain free carbonic 
 acid; carbonate, sulphate, and phosphate of 
 soda; chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, 
 magnesia and iron. 
 
 FA'CIAL, Facia'lis. Belonging to, or con- 
 nected with, the face. 
 
 Facial Aktep.y, La!bial artery, An'gular or 
 external max'illary artery, A. palato-labial — 
 (Ch) ; is a branch of the external carotid, which 
 
FACIENT 
 
 343 
 
 FALLTRANCK 
 
 rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed 
 to almost every part of the face. It.fumishes 
 the inferior palatal, submentdl, superior labial, 
 infei'ior labial, BXi^'dorsalis nasi, , 
 
 Facial Nerve, Portia ditra of the 1th ■pair, 
 RamVfS du'rior sep'timtB ctinjugatio'nis^ Syrnpa- 
 thet'icus minor, Re's'piratory nerve of the faee. 
 Par sep'timum sivefacia'le, Commti'mcans fa- 
 ciei nervus . This nerve arises from the inferior 
 and lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the 
 groove which separates it from the medulla ob- 
 longa):a, external to the corpora olivaria, and by 
 the side of the auditory nerve. It issues from 
 the cranium by the meatus auditorius intemus; 
 enters the aqieduct of Fallopiusj receives a 
 branch of the Vidian nerve ; sends off- filaments 
 to the internal muscles of the malleusand stapes; 
 furnishes that called Chorda Tympami ; makes 
 its exit at the foramen stylo-mastoideum, and 
 divides into two branches — the temporo-facial, 
 and cervico-facial. On the face it is termed, 
 Pes anseri'nViS, Plexus nervo'rum anseri'nMs, 
 
 Facial \.^3.TS,Pal'atorlabial — (Ch.,) arises 
 between the skin and frontalis muscle, and b^ars 
 the name V. Fronta'lis; (F.) Veine frontale ou 
 V. Preparate. It then descends, vertically, to- 
 wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is 
 called Angula'ris; and afterwards descends, 
 obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal 
 jugular, after having received branches, which 
 correspond vvith those of the facial artery. It 
 is only in the latter part of its course that it is 
 called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external 
 carotid artery. Facial Artery. 
 
 FA'CIENT, faeiens, 'making,' from faeio, 
 'I make.' A suffix, as in Calefacient,tiubefa- 
 eient, &c., 'warm making," red making.' 
 
 FACIES, Face — f. Cadaverica, sfee Face— -f. 
 Concava pedis. Sole — f. Hippocratica, see Face 
 — -f. Inferior pedis. Sole — f. Tortualis, see Face. 
 
 FACTICB, Factitious. 
 
 FACTIT"IOUS, Factit'Hus, (F.) Factiee, 
 fxorafacere, ' to make.' Artificial. That which 
 is made by art, in opposition to what is.natural or 
 found already existing in nature. Thus, we say 
 factitious mineral waters for artificial mineral 
 waters. 
 
 FACULTAS, Faculty— f. Zotica, Vis vitalis. 
 
 FACULTATES NATURALES, see Func- 
 tion. 
 
 FA'CULTY, Facultas, Dy'namis, Power, 
 Virtue. The power of executing any function 
 or act. The collection of the intellectual facul- 
 ties constitutes the under standing. We say, 
 also, vital fwcuities for vital properties, &c. 
 
 F^CAL RETENTION, Constipation. 
 
 F^CES, Plural of i=fea;; Feces, Cher'sas, 'the 
 dregs of any thing.' Fec'ulence, (F.) Feces, 
 "the alvine evacuations are so called ; (F.) 
 G-arderobes ; the excrements, Impurita'ies alvi- 
 nte, Fteeal matter. See Excrement. 
 
 Fa;cES Indueatje, Scybaia. 
 
 F^COSITAS, Feculence. 
 
 F^CULA, Fecttla. 
 
 F^etTL ENTIA, Feculence. 
 
 F^CUNDATIO, Fecflndatio. 
 
 F^CUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 FiEX, Feculence. ^ 
 
 FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Elaph<ri-am to- 
 mento'sum, Am'yris tomento^sttm, from fagivs, 
 ' the beech,' which it resembles. The systema- 
 tic name of the plant, which affords Taeamaha- 
 oa, a resinous substance, that exudes from the 
 
 tree Tacammhaca, which has a fragrant,^e- 
 lightful smell, was foririerly in high estimation 
 as an ingredient in warm, stimulating plasters 
 and was given internally like the balsams gene- 
 rally. The East India Tacamahac, Bal''sammn 
 Vir'ide, O'letim Mar'ia, Bal'samium, Oal'aba, 
 Batsamum marite, Baufne vert, is yierded by 
 the CalophyVluvi inophyl'liM/i. 
 
 The name racamoAac is also given to a resin 
 furnished by Pop'ulus balsamif era, which grows 
 in the northern parts of America and Siberia. 
 
 Fagara Pipeei'ta, (F.) Faganer poivre; a 
 native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper, 
 and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, 
 also, employed as a rubefacient cataplasm. 
 FAQARIBR POiVRi, Fagara octandra. 
 FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 FAGUSCASTA'NEA. The systefflatic name 
 of the Chestnut Tree; Oasta'nea, C. vulga'ris, 
 Casta'nea vesca, Lo'pima, Mota, Glatis Jpvii 
 Theophrasti, Ju'piter's Acorn, Sardiu'icm 
 Acorn ; the Common Chestnut, (F.) Ch(itaig- 
 nier commun. Family, Amentacese. Seii, S,yst. 
 MonoBcia Polyandria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea 
 nux, (F.) Chataigne,^is farinaceous and.nutri- 
 tious, but not easy of digestion. 
 
 Fagus Castanea Pu'mila. The Chin'enpin 
 or Chinquapin, Castanea Pwmila, (F.) Cha- 
 taignier nain. The nut of this American tree 
 is eaten like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea, 
 {Ph. U. S.) has heeu used in interinittents. 
 
 Fagus Sylvat'ica. The systematic name of 
 the Peech, Fagus, Oxya, Balan'da, Valan'id'a; 
 the Beech Tree, (F.),H^tre. The Beechnut or 
 Beech-mast, (F.) Faine, affords an oil; by ex- 
 •pression, which is of a palatable character, and 
 is eaten in some places ingtead of butter. It 
 has been supposed to be a good vermifuge, but 
 it is no better than any mild oil. 
 FAIBLESSE, Debility. 
 FAIM, Hunger*— /. Canine, Boulimia— /. de 
 Loup, Fames lupina. 
 ■FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica. 
 FAINTING-FIT, Syncope. 
 FAIRBURN, MINERAL-iWATERS OF. 
 The mineral waters at this place. Which is in 
 the county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous, 
 and frequented* 
 FAISCEAU,VasacTil-as--f.Petii,Vasai!xAw. 
 FALCADINA, Scherlievo. 
 FAL'CIFORM, FaXdfor'mis, Prepamndii, 
 from falx, 'a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.' 
 Having the shape of a scythe. This term has 
 been applied to different parts. See Falx and 
 Sinus. 
 
 FALCiroRM Expansion of the FasWA Lata 
 is "the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, 
 which forms, outwards and upwardsiths open- 
 ing for the vena saphaena, and is attached ta 
 the crural arch by its superior extremity, form- 
 ing the anterior paries of the canal of the same 
 name. 
 FALLACIA, Hallucination: 
 Fal^agia Optica. An optic illusion. 
 FALLOPIAN- TUBE, see Tube, Falbpisni 
 FALLTRANCK, Faltranek (G.), literallyj 
 a drink against falls. A vulnerary. It is a 
 mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin- 
 gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss 
 Alps, and hence the name — Vulneraire Suiiat 
 given to such dried plants cut into fragments. 
 They are called, also, Esplces Vulneraires, and 
 The Suisse. 
 
FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF 
 
 343 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 The infusion of the Falftranck is aromatic, 
 and slightly agreeable, but of no use in the 
 eases for which it has been particularly recom- 
 mended. 
 
 FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
 of Falmouth in Cornwall, England, resembles 
 that of Penzance : and, like it, is in many re- 
 spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical 
 during the winter months. 
 
 FALSA VIA, False passage. 
 
 FALSE, Falstis, Nothus, Pseudq, Spunoita, 
 Bastard, (F.),Faux. This epithet has been fre- 
 quently added to peripneumonyj pleurisy, &c., 
 to designate a disease similar to these, but less 
 severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or 
 pleurodynia. has received the name. See Pe- 
 ripneumonia notha.. 
 
 ■ False Passase, Falsa Via, (F.) Fawsst 
 Route. An accidental passage, made in surgical 
 operations, and particularly in introducing the 
 catheter. The catheter is sometimes passed 
 through into the rectum. 
 
 ^ AhSEWi.TS'B.SjHydraUan'ti, False Delivery . 
 Water, which Sometimes collects between the 
 amnion and chorion, and is commonly dis- 
 charged before the birth of the child. 
 
 We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubarb, &c. 
 
 FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice. 
 
 FALSIFICA'TION, Adultera'tio, from fal- 
 sua, 'false,' and facere, ' to make.' A fraudu- 
 lent imitation or alteration of an aliment oj, 
 medicine by different admixtures. Manga'nium, 
 Mangardsa'tio. It ia synonymous with adultei - 
 aition and sophistication,' 
 
 TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL 
 
 DRUGS, &c. 
 
 MEDICIITBe. 
 
 Adoitehatiors. 
 
 Mode of Detection. 
 
 AcACi.£ Gdmui. 
 
 Acetdm Destilla- 
 
 TOM. 
 
 ACIDDH MdRIATI' 
 CDH. 
 
 • NlTRICHM. 
 
 ' Sdlphdbi 
 
 ' ClTKICUK. 
 
 ^TBER BeCTIFICA- 
 TOS. 
 
 A^l^A AMHOHIf. 
 
 Ahmohia Carbo- 
 
 HAS. 
 
 Ammoniacch. < 
 
 ArrTiMonii SulpBd- 
 
 RETOM. 
 
 Argenti Nitaas. 
 
 • ' f^ „ , ( G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G. is per- 
 
 . Crum benegal. ^ ^^^ ggj^ye in water, and its solution Uinpid. 
 
 ' Sulphuric Acid. Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate. 
 
 yj.. ■ A -J (By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when 
 
 mtne Aci(t.. ^ ^^^^ ^^ burning charcoal, 
 
 Copper , ..-. ., Suj)ersatarate with ammonia^a blue^ colour is pro- 
 duced. 
 
 Lead. Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. 
 
 t - C Depo^tes by evaporation the salts it may contain ; 
 
 ^ Sulphuric Add. < precipitates with solution of hydrochloia^ of baiy- 
 
 ^ ' < C taif it contains sulphuric acid. 
 
 S Muriatic and SulphuricS'^^''.l^"'^ of chlorine is indicated by a precipitate 
 i Acid " r J with nitrate of Sliver: that of sulphuric acid by the 
 
 ( ' ( same result with hydrochlorate of baryta. 
 
 I Muriatic and Nitric i The presence of muriatic and nitricacid is indicated 
 \ ^Adds. (- by the smell, when the acid tested is strongly heated. 
 
 C TV,-.™-- „-j -i„, .., C ^^^ P'*^^"'* "^ "'^'<'^'*^ ''y '"'■"'"g a granular 
 \ Tartanc and Oxalic ^ sediment in a concentrated solution of a neutral 
 ( •^<^^'- I salt of potassa. 
 
 {Too dilute. Its S. G. detects this. 
 Sulphuric Jidd By acetate of baiyles. Precipitate white. ' 
 Alcohol \ With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solution 
 ' \ is formed. 
 
 { _ C A .precipitation occurs on adding a solution of muri- 
 
 \' Carbonic Add. < ate of lime. 
 
 S( It should be capable of complete volatilization by heat. 
 '.\ The Gultm Ammoniad are white, jclear, and dry. 
 
 > The lump .Smmoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often 
 
 adulterated with common lesin. ' 
 
 It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat. 
 Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable. 
 
 Arsenic.... (A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live 
 
 " * " ■ ■- " \ coals, &C. 
 
 Are not vaporizable. 
 r The solution assumes a blue colour, when supersa 
 \ -turated with ammonia. It may be suspected when 
 ' the salt deliquesces. 
 
 '^The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily re- 
 Cognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which is 
 radiated when pure, and granular if adulterated ; 
 or by precipiteting a solntion of the salts with a suf 
 ficient quantity of muriatic . acid, and evaporating 
 the clear liquor: the nitrate of pota^a or other 
 ^alts will remain. 
 
 Arbericdm Album. 
 Balsamdm Pebutia- 
 
 NUU. 
 
 head. 
 Jlrseni 
 Manganese and Iron. 
 
 Copper 
 
 Nitrate of Potassa. 
 
 Chalk,SulpkafeofIAme,(\, . , ^.,. , , , , » 
 Sulphate of Barytes. \'^°^ volatilizable by heat 
 
 A mixture of Resin and 
 some Volatile Oil, 
 with Benzoin. 
 
 Not easily detected. 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 344 
 
 FALSIFICATION 
 
 Medicines. 
 
 Adulterations, 
 
 Mode of Detec^on. 
 
 Caldmba. 
 
 Capsicum. 
 Cayenne J'epper. 
 
 Castoredh. 
 Cantor. 
 
 Cera Flava. 
 Yellow Wax. 
 
 Cera Alba. 
 White Wax. 
 Cinchona. 
 Bark. 
 
 Coccus. 
 CochirteaL 
 
 Copaiba. 
 
 Balsam of Copaiva. 
 
 Crocus. 
 Saffron. 
 
 The true is distinguishable from tlie false Calumba by 
 adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops of 
 solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the infusion 
 of the false Calumba, a greenish blact colour; but 
 produces no change in the other. 
 .This disposes it to deliquesce. 
 C Digest in acejtic acid, and aSd a solution of sulphuret 
 < of ammonia— a dark-coloured precipitate will be 
 I C produced. 
 
 f A mixture of dried blood, f 
 I gum ammoniac, and \ 
 
 •( a Hide real castor, ■{ Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud. 
 stuffed into the sera- j 
 
 C May be suspected when the cake is brittle and colour 
 \ grayish. ' . 
 
 „ . C Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve the resin, 
 
 ^^*" \ without acting on the wax. 
 
 ' Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity, and 
 its smell when melted. TqiTueric is generally 
 added ip this case to obviate the paleness. 
 C White Lead .......... i Melt the wax, the oxide will subside. 
 
 \ Tallow .,\ The cake has not its ordinary translucency. 
 
 C This is variously adul- C Can only be detected by practice, and examining into 
 \ terated. I the quantity of quinia or cinchona it contains. 
 
 C Pieces of dough formed C 
 
 < in moulds, and co- < Thiow it into water, the adulteration will appear. 
 r loured with cochifieal. ( 
 
 f If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped 
 into water, its adulteration may be inferred. 
 Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 23°, with 
 three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mixture will, 
 in a few minutes, become traiisparent; if not, it 
 will remain opake. 
 
 Fibres of smoked Betf.. " Affords an unpleasant odour when throvm on live 
 coals: 
 
 ■ Chloride qf Sodium, 
 I Red Lead. 
 
 turn of a goat. 
 Earth or Peasmeal.. 
 
 Tallow, 
 
 Cubeba. 
 Cubebs. 
 
 CusPARif Cortex. 
 Angustura Bark. 
 
 GuAiACi Kesina. 
 Resin of Guaiacum. 
 
 H YD RAF.G Y Rl NlTBI" 
 CO-OXYDUM. 
 
 Red Precipitate. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 Petals of the Calendula 
 officinalis, and Car- 
 thamus Tinctoriifs, 
 
 Infuse the specimen in hot water, and the difference 
 will be perceptible. , 
 
 Sydrargyri 
 
 Sub 
 
 MDRIAB. 
 
 
 Calomel. 
 
 
 Hydrargvri 
 
 SUL 
 
 PHURETDM 
 
 Ku 
 
 BRUM. 
 
 
 Hydra RGYRi 
 
 Sol 
 
 PHCBETDM 
 
 Ni. 
 
 GRUM. 
 
 
 ' Turkey Yellow Berries, f 
 
 or the dried fruit of the J Detected by attentive examination. 
 RhamnusCatharticus.f^ 
 False jSngustura some- C The epidermis of the true Cusparia is characterized 
 times sold for it. ? by being covered With a matter resembling the 
 ( crust of iron. - 
 
 Common Resin ( Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when thrown 
 
 I upon hot coals. 
 
 Manchineel Gum ^ ^^^ '° *® '"'^'"'^ * **" ^'"P^ °^ ^"^' '''^.™-'"' f^ 
 
 manciuneei bum j ^5,^^^ ^j^i^ ^^^^^, ^^^ guaiacum is precipitated-^ 
 
 ( tlie adulteration floats in the white strife. -jW- 
 C Digest in acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia, 
 
 Red Lead. 2 which will produce a dark coloured precipitate. It 
 
 ( should be totally volatilized by beat. 
 ■ A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate of 
 potSsSjfrom a solution madety boiling the suspected 
 sample with a small portion of muriate of ammo- 
 nia in distillfed water ; or, the presence of deuto- 
 chloride of mercury is indicated, by warming gently 
 a small quantity of caloftiel in, alcohol, filtering 
 and adding to the clear liquor some lime-water, by 
 which a reddish yellow precipitate is afforded. 
 When calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it 
 ought to become intensely black, ?nd not exhibit 
 ^^ any orange hue. 
 
 Red Lead { Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of ammonia 
 
 a black precipitate will be produced 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate... . ^ 
 
 ■ Ivory Black. 
 
 [ Throw a suspected portion on hot coals— the : 
 I duum will detect the fraud. 
 
FALSIFICATION 
 
 345 
 
 FALX 
 
 MsDIClHKS. 
 
 looinz. 
 
 Jai.a.f£ Radix. 
 Jalap RooU 1 
 
 Magnesia, v 
 
 . f' 
 MagneSi* Soboar- 
 
 BONAS, , 
 
 Carbonifte of Magne- 
 sia. 
 
 Manba. 
 
 Adolterations, 
 
 Mode of Detection. 
 
 , C The tests of its purity are^-that it is perfectly soluble 
 < in ether — Heated on a piec^ of glass or porcelain, 
 
 , ( it sublimes without tesiduiim. ^ 
 
 ( BiJ'ony root is of a paler colour, and lci$s compact tex- 
 
 . \ tui8i and does not easily bum at the flame of a candle. 
 ( Detected bythe Solution in dilute sulphuric kcid af- 
 \ fording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia. 
 ] Gives off when dioistened, the smell at sulphuretted 
 
 Morphia 
 
 Sales. 
 
 me 
 S'aUa. 
 
 and 
 
 MOSCHDS.. 
 
 Musk. 
 
 Oi.EA, Destillata. 
 Essential Oils. 
 
 Olec« Ricini. 
 Castor OiL 
 
 Opium; 
 
 ( Bryony Root ; 
 
 f Lime. .., 
 
 ■^ Sulphwret of lime. 
 
 Chalk ... ^ ....,.•••■■• f Delscted by adding dilute sulpMric acid to the sus- 
 J pected substance, When, if chalk be present, there 
 Gupsum., C' "i" ** * white insoluble precipitate. 
 
 iBoil in distilled wiater, a(nd test Qie solution by a ba- 
 lytic and oxalic reagent 
 " A factitious article, consisting of honey or sugar 
 mixed with scammony, is sometimes sold for it \ but 
 the colour, weight, tiansparenty , and taste detect it 
 Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact with ni- 
 tric acid, are coloured red ; with per-salts of iron, bliie. 
 They are perfectly soluble in warm akohol, and aci- 
 dulated warm water. V^hen morphia is mixed with 
 narcotba, the adulteration is ascertained by niixing 
 th^m with sulphuric ether, which dissolves lhe nai- 
 cotina, without sensibly aii^ting the morphia. 
 The bag niust not appear to have been opened. 
 This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke when 
 
 inflamed. " 
 
 Discovered by its melting and running, before, it in- 
 flames; , 
 1^ Rub with water. ,'The metallic particles will subside. 
 
 B- J n-l„ < Touch vraiting paper with it, and hold\it before the 
 
 ,/< wea WHS ^ g^g. g^gj ^y j^^^^, ^ ^^^j^ of grease. ' 
 
 i j9/ knt ..... $ Add water. A miikiflessaild-inorease of temperature 
 
 (, Olive or MmondotPop- C Alcohol S, G. .820, will mix with ai^ proportion of 
 J py OiL ■ I , cs^r oil, whilst it dissolves very little of the others. 
 
 Asphaltum . 
 
 Fine partides of Lead. 
 
 Einrant of Liquorice, 
 Bullets and Stories 
 ionietimes in it,; Ex' 
 tractof Poppy^oftlie 
 "' Chelidonium maJMS,'^ 
 ■ G. JraUc, G. Traga- 
 canih, Lirtseed Oil, 
 Ccne"^ Dung. 
 
 Chloride of Potassium. < 
 
 The best opium is covered with leaves and the reddish 
 capsules of a species of Rumex, The inferior kinds 
 have capsules adherent It is. bad when soft and 
 friable, wheh intensely bl^ck or mixed with- many 
 impurities, and when sweet . The. quantily Of 
 morpbia afibrds the best test. 
 
 'The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a so- 
 lution of'tb^ Salt with nitrate of silver, and feating 
 the precipitate with ammonia, which dissolves the 
 chloride of silver, without acting -upon the iodide of 
 this metal. • 
 
 Leaves no residue wheiv submitted to calcination : is 
 perfectly soluble, in warm alcohol, and in water 
 slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
 
 POTASSII loDIDHH. 
 
 hdide of Potassium. 
 PolassE^ Hydfiodas. 
 "'ydriodate of' Po- 
 
 iassuf 
 QciNi,E Sdlphas. 
 Stttphate of ^uinia. 
 STRTCHlfia: ET ejus [■ f 
 
 ^ " rf j'/s-l ^'''"'^''" • r ...,•••{ They are free from brucia when no colour, is pro- 
 
 Strychnia 
 Salts. 
 
 ZiNCI C^DHM. 
 
 jpiowers of Zinc. 
 
 i^s-] 
 
 I 
 
 duced by contact vrith nitric acid. 
 
 r 
 
 Chalk • • Sulphuric acid excites an eflervescence. 
 
 \ White Legrf. .....■■■.. Sulphuric acid forms an insotuble sulphate of lead. 
 
 , FALTRANCK, Falltranck. . 
 
 FALX.^ Anatomists have given this name 
 to several membranous reflectioHS having the 
 ifiape of a falx or scythe. 
 
 FAtx Cereeel'li, (F.) Faux du cervet^t, 
 Falx minor, Septum Cerebpl'li, Septum median 
 du cervelet {Ch.,) Proces'sus falcifor'mis Cere- 
 bel'li, Septum Parvum occipith'l'i, is a triangular 
 process of the dura mater opposite the internal, 
 occipital protuberance. _ Its base is attached to 
 the middle of the tentorium, and its top Or apex 
 bifurcates, to proceed to the sides of the fora- 
 men magnum. Its convex surface is towards 
 S3 
 
 the cranium, and its concave in the' fissure or 
 groove, which sepaiAtps the two lobes i of the 
 cerebellum. ' ' 
 
 . - Falx Cer'ebri, (F.) Faux du cerveau. Sep- 
 tum Cerebri, Falx major, Ver'tieal supe'rior lan- 
 gitWdinalproc'' ess, Mediasii'num cerebri, Repli 
 longitudinal de la meniri^e, (Ch.,), Proces'sus 
 falcifpvmis durcematris. The greatest. process 
 of the dura mater. It extends from the fore to, 
 the hind pairt of the Skull, on the median line ; 
 is broad behind, and narrow befofe, and is 
 lodged in the groove which separates the he- 
 mispheres from each other-r-the itaerlohar fis- 
 
FAMELICA FEBRIS 
 
 346 
 
 FASCIA 
 
 sure. At its superior part is situated the longi- 
 tudinal sinus {superior,) ai^d at its lower, cor- 
 responding to the edge of the scythe, the in- 
 ferior longitudinal sinus. >Its anterior extre- 
 mity is^attached to the crista. galU; itsposterior 
 is continuous with the tentorium cerebelli,- ai£d 
 contains the straight situis. 
 
 Falx Major, Fa.lx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx 
 cerebelli. ': ,, - ^ 
 
 Fakx OF THE Peritoneum, Gjceat, Faloipe- 
 ritone'i max'ima, (J?.)Grand6 faucc du peritoine, 
 . Faux'^de la Veine OmMlicale, Falx of the umii- 
 iical vein, is a reflection of the p^itoneum, 
 which ascends from the umbilicus to the ante- 
 rior and inferior surface of the liver. ■ 
 . Falces OF THE Perit'one'um, Lesser, 
 Falces Feritone'imin'imiB, (F.) Fetites failx du 
 piritoine, are lie lateral ligaments of the liver 
 and the reflections which- the peritoneum forms, 
 raised up by the umbilical ai'teries. 
 
 Falx of t^e Umpiligal Vein, FalKj. great, 
 of %he Peritoneum. 
 
 FAMEL'ICA,, FEBRIS, from fames, ' hun- 
 ger.' Fever accompanied with iiisatiable hun- 
 ger, — Sylvius. - '.. ' - " 
 
 FAMELICUS, Hhngry. ' >■ ' 
 
 FAMES, Hunger^— f. Bovina, Boulimia — f. 
 Cariina, Boulimia.^ . ^ 
 
 Fames Lupi'na, Lycoren'Is, (^.) Faim' de. 
 Loup. Authors have described, under jWs 
 name, a Jtind of boulimia, or depravation of the 
 digestive function, in -which the patient eats 
 voraciously, and passes his food, ahnost iinme- 
 diately afterwards,' ^er anum. ■ 
 
 ■ - FAMEX^Co»tusio. ' ' ^ 
 
 FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS'TEUM» 
 from/iMMB, < fame,' and g'ero, 'I wear.' , A plas- 
 ter, extolled in ague, and made of aroinatic, 
 irritating substances. It- was applied to the 
 wriit. ■ . 
 
 FAMILIARtCA SELLA, Close stool. 
 
 FAMIS, Contusio, 
 
 FAMIX, Contusio. 
 
 FANCULUM, An^thum. '. - 
 
 Fancy mark, Neevus. . : , ' 
 
 FANGP, Radix. 
 
 FANOlf (F.), from (G.) Fahne, 5 a ban- 
 ner,' 'ensjgn,' « standard.' Fer'ula, Lee'tulus 
 stra/ni'in'e'ils,, Thor'ulus siramirt'eus. A splint 
 of a particular shape, employed in fractures of 
 the thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact.' 
 
 The Fanons were'divided inXo'true andt false.. 
 . The true consists of a cylinder of straw^ 
 strongly surrounded with a cord or riband', in 
 the centre of which a stick is usually placed to 
 ensure its solidity. The false consists pf a 
 thick piece of linen, made flat^like a coiiipre'ss, 
 iind folded at the extremities. It was placed 
 between the fraqtuied limb and the tru*;/a»o». 
 The 2)rai»-/aMore.is a large piece of common 
 cloth placed between the fractured limb, and in 
 which the fanons or lateral splints are rolled. 
 
 FANTOM, Fhamtom, from ifOTToo^a, 'a 
 spectre.' (F.) PAaret^me, JParef^e, Mannequin, 
 Man'neHn. This word has two a.cc'eptatiohs.i" 
 It' means the spectres and images which the ima-. 
 gination presents to^ the sick,) when asleep or 
 awake ; and, also, the figure on which surgeons 
 practise the application of bandages, or the ac, 
 coucheur the manual part of midwifery, — Phan- 
 lo'ma ohstetrie"iwm„ . 
 
 ' FARCIMINALIS MEMBRANA setj 
 TUNICA, Allantois. 
 
 FARCINOMA, Equinia. ^ ■ 
 
 FARCTTf'RA, Fartw'ra; from fardre, 'to 
 stuff.' The operatioh 6^ introducing medicinal 
 substances into the cavities of aninaals oj of 
 fruitsj which have been previoijsly emptied. 
 
 \ FARCTUS, EmphraxU. x ' 
 FARCY GLANDERSi see Equinia. 
 FARD, Paint. . - 
 
 FARFARA, Tussilago— £ Bechium, Tussi- 
 .lago.' I.';' '-: . ' ,. ^ ', 
 
 ^&.'SX'Vik,Al'pKit9n<,Crmti6n.,Al>eton,Alev!- 
 ron, AUma, from far, 'corn,' ^f .which it is 
 made. Steal or fiour. The, powder, obtained 
 by griiid:ing thie seeds of the gramineous, legu- 
 minqus, and cuenrbitac'eQuI jilants in particu- 
 lar. It is highly" nutritious, 'and is much used, 
 dietetica;lly as well as pledicin^lly. 
 
 Farina AmygdalaetiMj see Amyg4ala'.,..' • 
 , Farina Trict'ioi, whe^ten flour;. F. Seea/li's, 
 Rye flour or meal; F.Hordei, Bfirley nieal; F. 
 Avena'isBa, Oat meal, i&c. ■ .• 
 
 Farikje ResolvenTes,"(F'.) Farines Resolu- 
 tives. This name was fcirmerly given to a mix- 
 ture of the farina of four diferent plants; the 
 lupine, lupinus albus, the F.rvvm .Em/ia," the 
 Vieiafaba, and the Barley, Hordewm disticjium. 
 They were recommended'^ to /orm cataplasms. 
 
 , F ARIN A'CEOU'S,. Farina'eeus, Furina'aus, 
 (F . ), Farineux,_Adly . Having the appearance 
 or nature of farina. A term given to all arti- 
 .cles of food Whicl^i contain ■farina. The tefni 
 Farinacea iiicli^des alLthose substances, called 
 cerealia, legumina, &c., which, contain faiina, 
 and are employed as nutriment.' In Puthology, 
 the epithet /o»M'm^ceoM«, (F.) fatrinenx, is ap- 
 plied to certain eruptions, in which the epider- 
 mis exfoliates in ^mall particles similar to 
 farina. 
 ■ FARINARIUM, Alica. 
 
 FABINES R£S0LWTTVES, Farinas resol- 
 ventes. 
 
 FARIKEUX,'Fann!Lceous. 
 
 FARINOStJS, Farinaceous. 
 
 TARRIERj Hippiater. . ' ^ 
 
 FART, Sax. Pa-pt:,-from Teut. fahren, 'to 
 go:' — fart, 'a voyage.' {G.}furz,(L.)BdBlr 
 lus, Bdolus, Bdetyg'mia, Bdelyg'mus, Poi'dd^ 
 Physa, Physe, . Flatus, Qfep'itus, (F.) P^- 
 A sonorous or Other discharge of winS from 
 behind. A low word, but of respectable pa- 
 rentage, 
 
 FARTHRA,.Farctura. ' 
 " FART0S, Emphrtois. .• \ , ; 
 
 FAS'CIA, from fas/^s, 'a. bundle.' Lig>»'- 
 tio, Ligatu'ra,' AlligatuWa, Anades'rmis, Mti- 
 cula',^Spar'g(mon, Epides'moS, Vin-cturat A 
 bandage, fillet, roller, ligature, . The aponeuro- 
 tic expansions of muscles, which bind parts to- 
 gether are, likewise, termed Fascip: — Ayonm' 
 roses, Perimys'ia. ' See, also, Tsenia. ^ ' 
 
 Fascia A'poneuhotioa Femoris, Fascia lata 
 aponetiro^s — f. Capitalis,Boa««t d'Hippoorate, 
 Capelina— f. dapitis, Diadema— f. Cooperi, F. 
 Transyersalis. _ r 
 
 Fascia Crib'riform, Fascia Gribrifor'vai- 
 The sieve-like portion of the fascia' lata; so 
 called from -its b^ing pierced by numerous 
 openings for the passage of lymphatic, vessels. 
 
 FaScia Dewta'ta, Corps godro»ni of Vicq 
 d'Azyr. A band of gray matter seen beneath 
 the taenia hippocampi on raising it up, which 
 runs along the inner border of the cornu ammo- 
 
FASCIA DIGITALIS 
 
 347 
 
 FASTING 
 
 nis. It iS) as it were, crenated by transverse 
 furrows. 
 
 Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet — f. Didphthal- 
 mica, Binpculus^— f. Di-videhs, Dividing bandage 
 — f. Heliodori", T. bandage. ,- ' ' 
 
 Fascia Ili'aca, Il'iac aponeuro'sis. An apo- 
 neurosis, which proceeds from the tendoilof the 
 psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior 
 Surface of the psoas magnus, when the former 
 muscle does not exist. It is attached, exter- 
 nally, to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, 
 below, and anteriorly — on one side, to the cru- 
 ral arch, sending an expansion to the fascia 
 transversalis ; and on the other, cohtinupus 
 ■with the deep-seated lamina of th6 fascia lata, 
 which forms the posterior paries pf the crural 
 canal. Within and behind, the fascia iliaca is 
 attached to the brim of the pelvis, and is con- 
 tinuous with the aponeurosis. Which K[.,-JuleS 
 Cloquet has called Pelvian. The iliac aponeu- 
 rosis covers the iliac and psoas muscles, which 
 it separates, frOm the peritoneum. 
 
 Jascia Inguinalis, Spica. 
 
 Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists 
 to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle. 
 
 FasciA' Lata ApoNExntosis, Fascia aponeu- 
 rot'iea fem'oris, Vagi'tta\ fewt'oris. Crural or 
 Fern/oral Aponeurosis, is the most exttesive in 
 the body, and envejops all the muscles- of the 
 thigh. Above, it is attached to the outer edge 
 of the ilia ; hefore, it arises from the crural arch 
 by tT*o distinct laminae, separated by the femo- 
 ral vessels, and becoming confounded a tittle be- 
 low the part where the great vena saphsena 
 opens into the crural vein, df these two lami- 
 nae, tbe one is rnore anterior and thicker tjlan 
 the other, and may be considered as a prolonga- 
 tion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique. 
 It is intimately united to Poupart's ligament. 
 The other; which is thinner, is' behind, and 
 deeper seated; and, after its union with the 
 former, proceejls to be inserted into the pubis. 
 Jn/cWi))-?^, the fascia lata becomes confounded 
 with the tendon of the triceps, and is attached 
 to tbe external tuberosity of the tibia. The use 
 etf the fascia lata, .like that of otheraponeuroses, 
 is to strengthen the action of the muscles, &c. 
 
 Fascia Laja Muscle, Tensor va^'niE fem'- 
 •ns, Faseid lis, ^emhrano' sus ,. Hho-aponivro- 
 •^i~femoral, Mus*euhis apoTieur'o^sis vel fasciee 
 la^tS, Wus'culus " f&m'oris menihrano'sus, JXio- 
 ifponivroti-feTtutral — (Ch.) Tenseur de Vapo- 
 nivrose.femorate: A muscle, situate at the upV 
 per and outer part of the thigh. It arises, 
 above, from <he outer part of the anterior and 
 ^nperior spine of the ilium; and is inserted, 
 Mow, between 'the two larainaB of tbe fascia 
 lata, which' it stretches and raises when it con- 
 tracts. 
 
 Fascia, Obturatoh, sea Pelvic aponeuroses 
 — i. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. 
 Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. 
 Pelvic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses. 
 
 Fascia Pnq'pEiA. A layer of cellular tissue 
 derivedfrom the sheath of the femoralvessels, — ■■ 
 or according to some from the cribriform fascia. 
 It is one of the coverings of femoral herniaj and 
 is generally pretty dense about the neck of the 
 h(-rnia; but thin or even wanting On its fundus. 
 
 Fascia Repens, Spica — f. Sculteti, Bandage of 
 •eparate strips — f. Semicircularis, Taenia s^mi- 
 circularis—f. Spiralis, Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella 
 — f. Submuscular, see Vaginal, (of the eye.) 
 
 Fascia, Subpemtone'al, Subperitovje'alapo- 
 neuro'ns. A thin tendinous layer op theputer 
 surface of the peritoneum. •" " 
 
 Fascia Sxjperpicia'hs, Superficial aponnt- 
 ro'sia of the ab'domen and thigh, (F.) Aporeiv- 
 rose attperficielle de I'abdoitien et de la euiise, 
 A very thin aponeurosis, which covers the mus- 
 cles and aponeuroses bf the abdomen; parses 
 before the ctural arch, to which it adheres with 
 some degree of force ; sends a membranous 
 sheath) which surrounds thp' spermatic chord ; 
 and is continupus with^ the dartos, which it as- 
 sists in formiiig. The fascia superficialis. prd- 
 sents, beneath the crural arch, very distinct 
 fibres whose direction is parallel to the fold of 
 th».thiglif It is applied over the fascia lata 
 aponeurosis, and- is attached, internally, to th« 
 ascending ramtis of the ischium, near the root 
 of the corpus cavernosiim. Before the descent 
 of the testicle from the abdomen, the fascia 
 supcrficialis is very ggnifestly continuous with 
 the ^Gubernaculu-m testis, ■ ^ ^ 
 
 Fascia Tfo^mis, T. bandage — -f. Tortilis, 
 Tourniquet. 
 
 Fascia Teaksversa'lis, . i'. Gopperir A,a . 
 aponeurosis, which separates the transversalis 
 muscle from the peritoneum in the inguinal re- 
 gion. It arises above the posterior edge of the 
 crural arch, where it seems to b4 continuous . 
 with the aponeurosis of the greate/ oblique<inu8- 
 cle. Aiove, it is lost, in the cellular tissue at 
 the internal surface Of the transversalis abdo- 
 minis- - Within, it is continuous with the outer 
 edge Of the tendon of the rectus muscle and 
 Gimberhat's ligament; heloui, it is continaous 
 with^he aponeurosis of the greater oblique, and 
 receives an expansion from the Paxia Iliaea. 
 Towards its middle and a little above the crural 
 arch, the fescia^ transversalis has the wide ori- 
 fice ofa' canal, which is occupied, in the i^maV, 
 by the round ligament of the uterus ; and in 
 man, furnishes an expansion, that serves as a 
 sheath to the spermatic vessels. 
 
 FASCIAE, Swathing clothes — f. Ligamen- 
 tosEB Coli, see Colon. 
 
 FASCIALIS, Fascia, lata- muscle, Sartorius 
 — f. Longus, Sartorius — fi Sutorius, Sar,torius. 
 
 FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation. 
 
 FASCIATIp, Deligation, see Bandage-^f. 
 CucuUata, Couvrechef. 
 
 FASCICULI MUSCDLORUM, see Muscu- 
 lar fibre — f. Pyramidales, Ferrein, .pyramids of 
 — f. Teretes Cordis, Columi)a& carneie. 
 
 FASCICULUS, Fhacel'lus, Fha'cel'us,.iTom 
 fascis, * a bundle,^ Desme'dion, * a small bun- 
 dle.' In Anatomy-, it is employed in this sense ; 
 as "<z fasciculus of fibres," (F.) Faisceau ou 
 Petit Faisceau, Trpitsseau, In Pharmaey, it 
 xaea.n5 -manip'ulus, Cheirople'thes, ;^eiQoiT\i]-&r]i, 
 ahandful :' — MusaBrassayolus, says, — as much 
 as can be hdd in two fingers. 
 
 Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fasci- 
 -culus of — f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, 
 F. of. -.' 
 
 FASCINUM, Penis. 
 
 FASCIQLA, Bandelette—f. Cinerea, Tuber- 
 culum cinereum — ^f. Hepatica, Distoma hepati- 
 cum — f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum-^f. Lan- 
 eeolata, Distoma hepaticum. 
 FASELUS, Phaseolns vulgaris. 
 FASTIDIUM CIBI, Asitia, Disgust.' 
 FASTIGIUM, Acme. 
 FASTING, from Sax. rserean, lamo'sis ix- 
 
KAT 
 
 348 
 
 FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM 
 
 pers protrac'ta, Anorex'ia imrablilis, Ine'dia, 
 Jejii'nitiw!^ Loss ois want" of appetite, without 
 any other apparent- affection of the stomach: so, 
 tjial t^ie system can sustain almost total absti- 
 nence for a long time without faintness. Some 
 wonderful cases of this kind are on record. See 
 Abstinence. » 
 
 FAT, Finguddo^Finguetu'chy Pim'ejliiFiar, 
 Fiei'ron, I/ipos, Stmr, Adeps, Sevum, S-ebtm^, 
 Corpus ^dipo'stim) Axun'gia, Fat, (F.) Gredsse: 
 from (jS.and A. S.) Fe tt. A, soft, whitp, ani- 
 mal substance; inodorous ; insipid ; oily; in- 
 flammable, easy to melt; spoiling in the air, 
 aad becoming rancid by union with oxj^gen : 
 almost insoluble in alcohol; insoluble in water; 
 soluble-in fixfe(i oil?'- Fat is formed of the im-. 
 mediate principles, stearin, mccrgarin and olein, 
 all of which art regarded as .salts cothposed- of 
 stearic, inargaric aind oleic acids and a common 
 base to which, from its sweetish taste, the name 
 Glyc"erin has been given. To these are, almost 
 always, joined an odorous and a colouring prin- 
 ciple. Glycerin has teen used in the form of 
 lotion composed.of half an ounce to ten fluid- 
 ounces of water in cutaneous diseases, as pso- 
 riasis, pityriasis, lepra an4 i(ihthyosis. Itfotos 
 a kind of vartiisfij and might be useful in eases 
 of burns. 
 
 Fat is found in a number of wimal tis^ 
 sues; arid is very abundant in the neighbourhood, 
 <rf the kidneys and in the epiploon. It is gene- 
 rally fluid:in the cetacea ; soft,' and of a s^jrong 
 smell in the carnivora; solid, and inodorous in 
 the ruminating animal ; white, and abundant in 
 young animals; and yellowish in old. It ge- 
 nerally forms about a 2Uth part of the weight of 
 the human body. The fatj considered physiolo- 
 gically, has, for its function, to protect the or- 
 gans ; (maintain their temperature ; and to serve 
 for nutrition in case of need; as is observedun 
 torpid animals. 
 
 , Fat, Corpulenlt — f/ Cells, F^tty vesicles^ 
 f. Mackaw, see Coqos butyracea. , 
 
 FATIGATI.O, Capos. , 
 
 FATIGUE, Copos. ; ; 
 
 . FATTY^ Adipo'sus, Adipa'tws, Pimel'ipus, 
 Fimelo'des, Sax. Fae'^ ; past participle Of Feoan, 
 to feei,-^ad'ipous. Relatihg, to fat. Resem- 
 bling fat. the cellular systena has been called 
 fatty or adipams ; from an opinion that, in its 
 areolae the fat is deposited. The' cellular mem- 
 brane, however, merely lodges, between its 
 lamellfe and filaments, the vesicles in which the 
 fat is contained. 
 
 Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipous ligament. This 
 name has bfien given to a reflection of the sy- 
 novial membrane of the knee joint, which passes 
 from the ligamentum patellae towardsi the ca- 
 vity that separates the condyles of the femur. 
 
 Fatty Membrane, Adipou$ membrane, Adi- 
 pous tigsiie. ■ The Subcutaneous cellular tissue, 
 or that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles.. 
 
 Fatty Ves'ioles, Adipous vesicles, Sac'culi 
 adipo'si. Fat cells. This name is given to small 
 bursoB or membranous yesi(;les which enclose 
 the fat, and are found situate in the areolae of 
 the cellular tissue. , These v.esicles vary niuch 
 in size. Generally, they are round and globu- 
 lar ; and ■ in certain subjects, receive vessels 
 which are very apparent. They form so many 
 small sacs without apertures, in the interior of 
 which are filaments arranged like septa. In 
 fatty subjects, the adipous vesicles are very 
 
 perceptible, being attached to the cellular tis- 
 sue and neighbouring parts by a vascular pedi- 
 cle. ,, Raspail affirms that th^re is the- most 
 striking analogjy between' the _ nature of the 
 adipous granules and that of the amylaceous 
 grains. ■ , , ■ 
 
 ■ Fatty Vessels, Adipous vessels-. The ves- 
 sels connected witlj the fat J SoBie anatomistB 
 have called Adipoiis canals, (F») Cbndmis adi- 
 peax, the' vessels- to which they attribute the 
 secretion of fat. ■ ^ - ' 
 
 Fatty DESEisEiiATioN of the Eiveu, Adipo- 
 sis hepatica^-f. Liver, Adiposis hefiatica. 
 , FATU1TAS, Mora' ii's,,Stultit"ia^ Stupor 
 mejitis, Amen'tia ; ixortifatuus^ ' foolish.' Men- 
 tal imbecility. Idiotismi Dementia. 
 
 FAUCES, Jstilmus/.Pharynx, Throat. 
 
 FAUCETTE VOICE, sfee Voice. 
 
 FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of 
 the Fauni. Soine authors have called thus the 
 incubus.; others, epilepsy. 
 
 FAUSSE COUCmE(F.),ranumpaHu'rium. 
 Some authors have' used .this term for the ex- 
 pulsion of different bodies constituting false 
 conceptions,- such as moles, hydatic^s, clots of 
 blood, &Q. Most accoucheurs use the term 
 synonymously with ttortiqn-. . , 
 
 FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position. 
 The French use this term, in vulgar language, 
 to indicate the torpor, and tingling, and loss 
 of power .over. the motion of a part, prp^uced 
 by too strong contraction or painful compres- 
 sion. ' - 
 
 FAUSSE iSOPTS, False passage. 
 , FAUSTITSri PASTIL'LI, FamstimUs's Lo. 
 zenges. These were once celebrated. They 
 were composed of burnt paper, quicklirm, oftide 
 of arse7iic; sandar^h, lentil^, .&c. 
 
 JPAZ7X, False — ■/, du CereetfajiFal* cerebri 
 — f. du Gervelet, Falx cerebelli — ■/. Grsmde'dn 
 piritoine, Falx, great, of the peritoneum-^/. 
 Petite du peritoifie, Falx, lesser, of the' perito- 
 neum-^/, dela Veine ombilieale, Falx, great, of 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 jPAFEPX, Favosus. • 
 
 FAVIFORMIS, Favdsus. . - 
 . FAVO'SUS. Similar to a honey, cptab. K»i)i- 
 form'is, Favous, froM favus, cerion, \ a honey- 
 comb.' (F.) Faveux. " An epithet given to a 
 species of porrigo. Cerion, Fuvus ; means also 
 a state of ulceration, resembling a honey-comb. 
 
 FAVUS, ForrigO, Porrigo favosa, see Favo- 
 sus. ■' , , 
 
 FEATHERFEW, Matricaria., 
 
 FEBRIC"lTANS,FeJ'WeKs, Enip'yros, One 
 attacked with fever; flora febridtare, 'to have 
 a fever.' 
 ' FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness. 
 
 FEBRlCOSUS,, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIC'ULA. Diminutiveof/eSfsV, 'fever.' 
 A tertn employed to express a slight.degree of 
 'fever. Epbemeija. 
 
 FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish. 
 
 FEBRIF'EROUS-, Feb'rifer, Svomf ebns, ' fe- 
 ver,' and fera, ' I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a 
 febriferousjoc&lity. 
 
 FEB'RIFUGE, Lempyref'icus, Lexipyr'em, 
 Py.ret'icus, Alexipyret'ietis, Antifekn'lis, Antt- 
 pyret'ic, Febrif'ugus, from fehris, 'a fever, 
 and/«g'ore, ' to drive away.' A medicine which 
 possesses the property of abating or driving 
 away fever. 
 
 FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia. 
 
FEBRILE 
 
 349 
 
 FEBRIS 
 
 FE'BRILE, /eiriVw. Relating to fever, as 
 febrile movement, febrile pulse, &e. 
 
 FEBRIS, Fervor— f. Acmastioa, Synocb*— f. 
 Acuta, Synocha — f. Acuta oontiniaa, SyjiocKa — 
 f. Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno- meningeal — 
 £. .Adeno-nervosa, Plague — f. Agrypnodes, see 
 Agrypnode? and Agrypnos — ^f. Alba,€hloYosis 
 — ^f..Algida, see Al'gidus— tf. Amatoria, Chloro- 
 Bisj Hectic fever— f. Americana, Fever, yeUaw 
 -r-ft Amphera, Quotidian— if . Amphiriierinahec- 
 tica, Hectic fever — f. AmpMmerina latica, La- 
 tifca (febris)— f. AmpulloSa, Pemphigus — f. 
 Anabatica, Continued fever — f. Angiotenica, 
 Synocha — f. Anginosa, Angina — f. Annua, see 
 Annual diseases — ^f. Anomaliis, Fever, anoma- 
 lous— f. Aphopica, Fever, aphonic — f. Aphthosa, 
 Aphtha*— f. ApopleCtiea, Fever, apoplectic— f. 
 Ardems, Synocha — f. Arte promota, Fever, ar- 
 tifieiat— f. Arthritica, Gout — f. Asodes, Fever, 
 bilious, see Asodes— rf. Assidua, Continued fever 
 — f. Asthenica, FiCver, asthenic. Typhus ^f. 
 Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic-^f. Atjixo^dyna- 
 nrica. Fever, ata:?o-adynamic — ^f. Biliosa,Feverj 
 bilious — f. Bullosa, Pemphigus — f. Cardialgia, 
 Fever, cardialgic — f. Catarrhalis, Catarrh — 
 f; Catarr)ialis epidemica, Infljlenza — f. ' Cauma- 
 todes, Synocha— f.-Causodes, Synocha — f. Ce-' 
 phalalgica',Fever,cephalalgie— f.Cholepyretica, 
 Fever j bilionsr— f. Ohdlferica, F^ver, bilious, 
 Fever, choleric — f. Chronica, ^ever, chronic^- 
 f. Coalterna, see Coalternae febres — f. Colli- 
 quativa. Fever, colliquative — f. Comatodes, 
 Fever, apoplectic-^f. Communicans, see Subin- 
 trantes,F.-^f. Confusa, see Confuste febres — f. 
 Continens, Typhns.^^f. Continens non putrida, 
 Synocha — f. Cpntinens putrida. Typhus -— f. 
 Continua inflammatoria, Ejnpresma'— .f.' Con- 
 tinua putrida, Synochus — f . Continua putrida 
 icterodes Caroliniensis, Fever, yellow — f. Con- 
 tiniia non pntris, Synocha— f. Continua sangui- 
 nea, Synocha— f. Convulsiva, FeVer, convulsive 
 — f. Crymodes, see Crymodes and Algid fever — 
 f. Culicularis, Miliary fever — f . cum jjelirio. Fe- 
 ver, delirious — f. Depuratoria, Feve?, depuratory 
 — ^f. Deurens, Synocha — f. Diaphoretica, Fever, 
 diaphoretic — f. Diaria, Ephehiera — f. Duodeci- 
 mana. Fever, duodecimane ^ f. Dysenterica, 
 Dysentery— -f. Elodes, see Elodes — f. Elodes 
 icterodes, Fever, yellgvf — f. Enteriea, see Ty- 
 phus — f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-mesenter jc 
 •^•f. Epacmastica,' see Epacmaaticos — f. Ephe- 
 mera, Ephamera^f. Epidemica cum anginA, 
 Cynanche maligna — t. Epileptica, Fever, Epi- 
 leptic — f. Erotica, Fever, erotic — f. Erratica, 
 FeVer, anomalous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic 
 and Planetes — f;Erronea, se^Planetes — f.'Ery- 
 sipelacea, Ery^ipelaS-^. Erysipelatosa, Erysi- 
 pelas — f . ^sserosa. Miliary fever — f . E k quisitaj 
 Fever, regular— 'f. Exanthematica arti^ulai-is. 
 Dengue — f; Famelica, see Famelica febris — f. 
 Flava, Fever, yellow— f. Flava Americauofum, 
 Fever, yellow — f. GangrsBuodes, Fever, gangrfe- 
 nous-^f.pastricajFever,bilioas,Fever,ga8tric — 
 f.Gastrico-biliosa,Fever,gastric— rf.Gastro-ady- 
 namica,Fever,gastro-adynainic^f.H8emoptoica, 
 Fever, haemoptoiq — f. Hebdomadana, Octana — 
 f. Hectica, Hectic, fever — f. Hectica infentum. 
 Tabes rfiesenterica — f.Hectica maligna nervosa, 
 Typhus mitior — f. Hemeresia, Quotidian-^f. 
 Hemitritffia, HemitritEea — f. Hepatica, Fever, bi- 
 lious— f. Hepatica inflammatoria. Hepatitis — ^f. 
 Horriiica,seeAlgidu3 — f.Horrida,seeAlgidus^i 
 Humoralis,Fever,humoral—f.Hungarica, Fever, 
 
 Hungaric — f. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus 
 internus — f . Hydrophobica, Fever, todrophobic 
 -^f. Hysteretiea, .see PoStpositio— -PHysterica, 
 Fever, hysterix: — f. Icterica, Fever, icteric — f. 
 IliaCa inflammatoria, Enteritis — f. Infantum re- 
 mittens, Fever, infantile remittent — f. Infiam- 
 liiatoria, Synocha — f. Intensio, Epitasis — f. 
 Intermittens, Intermittent fever — f. Inter- 
 mittens cephalica larvata. Cephalalgia perio- 
 dica— f. Inteatinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus — f. 
 InteStinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever, 
 anomalous — ^f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. Larvata, 
 Fever, masked — ^f' Lenta, Fever,, infantile re- 
 mittent, Hectie fever, Synochus; — f. Lenta ner- 
 vosa, Typhus mitior, Fever,. nervous — f. Len- 
 ticulaiis, Miliary feVer — f. Lethargica, Fever, 
 apoplectic — f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial — f. 
 Lymodes, F^ver, singultou^ — f. Lyngodes, Fe- 
 ver, isingultous — f. Maligna, Fever, malignant 
 — f. Maligna biliosa Americse, Fever, yellow 
 — f. Maligna cum Sojpore, Typhus — f. Maligna 
 flava Indiae occideiJtalis, Fever, yellow — f. 
 MarSsmodes, Hectic fever, 'Marasmppyra — f. 
 JMeningo-gastricus, .Fever,-'gastric^f. Mesfinte- 
 rica. Fever, adeno-mehingeal,.'Fever, mesen- 
 teric -^f. Methemerina, Quotidian ^7 f. Mi- 
 liaris, Miliary fever — f. Minuta, FeVer, syn- 
 copal-^f. Morbillosa, Rubeola-r-f, Mucosa, Fe- 
 ver, adeno-meniiigeal — f. Mucosa Verminosa, 
 Fever, infantile reipittent— rf. Nautica pestilen- 
 ,tialis. Typhus gravioSt. — f. Nephritica,- Fever, 
 nephriti«^—f Nervosa, Fever, nervous — f. Ner- 
 vosa epidemica. Typhus — f.Nervosa enteriea, 
 see Typhus — f. Nervosa exanthematica. Typhus 
 — f. Nervosa gastrica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa 
 mesenterica, see Typhus^f. Nervosa petechia- 
 lis. Typhus — f. Neu/rodes, Fever, nervous — f. 
 Nocturnus, see Nocturnal^ — f. Nonana, Fever, 
 nonane— rf. Nosocomiorum, Typhus gravior— f. 
 NycterinUs, see Nocturnal — f. Octana, Fever 
 octane — f. OScitans, Oscitant fever — f. Palu- 
 dosa^ see Elodes— f. Pannonica, Fever, Hun- 
 gary — f. Pemphingodes, Pemphigus — f. Pem- 
 pbygodes, Pemphigus — f. Pempta, Quintan — 
 f. Periodica, FeVer, periodic — f. Perniciosa, 
 Fever, pernicious^. Pestilens, Plague — f. Pes- 
 tilens maligna, "typhus gravior — f, Pestilen- 
 tialis,. Fever, pestilential — I.^ Pestilentialis 
 EuropaBi Typihus gravior — f; Petechialis, gra- 
 vior — f. Phthisica,, Hectic fever^f; Platietes, 
 see Planetes^. Pleuritica, Pleurjtis^-f. Po- 
 dagrica, Go\it — f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious 
 — f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneu- 
 monia -y-f. Pderperalis >iliosa, Metrocholosis 
 — f. PUerperarum, Puerperal fever— f. Punc- 
 ticularis. Miliary fever. Typhus gravior — f. 
 Puerperalis, Fevejr, puerperal — f. Purpurate 
 rjibra et alba niiliaris. Miliary fever — f. 
 Purulenl^, Fever, purulent — f. Putrida, Ty- 
 phus gravior — f. Putrida nervosa, Typhus 
 mitior — fi Quartana, "^iQuartaft — f. . Querquera, 
 see Algidus — f. Qiiinta, Quintan— f. Quintana, 
 Fever, quinfen. Quintan — f. Quotidiana, Fever, 
 quotidian. Quotidian — f. Regularis, Fever, re- 
 gular-^f. Remittens, Remittent fever — f. Re- 
 mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent — 
 f. Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, 
 acute— f. Rubra, Scarlatina— f. Rubra prurigi- 
 nosa. Urticaria— f. Sanguinea, Synocha — f. Sa- 
 propyra. Typhus gravior — ^f. Scarlatinosa, Scar- 
 latina — f. Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic— f. Se- 
 mitprtiana, Hemitritaea — f. Septana, Fever, 
 septan — f. Sesquialtera,., Hemitritaea— f. Sex- 
 
FMCES 
 
 ?50 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 tana. Fever, sextan — f. Simplex,, Ephemera, 
 Fever, .sinrole — f. Singultosa, Fever, singultous 
 — f. Soporlpt, Fever, apoplectic— ^f. Stercoralis, 
 Fever, stercoral — f. Sthenica, Synocha — f/ 
 Stoinacliica inflammatoria, Gastritis — f. Subin- 
 trans. Fever, subintiant — ^f. Sudatoria, Fever, 
 diaphoretic, Hydropyretusy Sudor' anglicus^ 
 f.,Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal— f. Syphilitica, 
 Fever, syphilitjc-^f; Tabrda, . Fev,er, colliqua- 
 tive, Hectic fever— f. Tertiana, Fever, tertian; 
 Tertian fever — f. Tpniea, Synocha — 'f. Topica, 
 Neuralgia, facial— -f, Toxica, Fever, /jrellow — 
 f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica, FeverJ 
 traumatic— f. Tropica, Fever, yellow— f. jTy- 
 phodes. Typhus — f. Urticata, tTrticaria — f. Ute- 
 rina. Metritis — f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, 
 see Planetes— -f. Variolosa, Variola — f. Vermi- 
 nosai Fever, infantile remittent, F. verminous,, 
 Helrainthopyra — f. Vernalis, Fever, verhal— 
 f. Vesicularisi Miliary feVer, Pemphigus^— f. 
 Virgirium, Chlorosis. ^ 
 
 FMCES, FaBces. .^ 'm 
 
 F&CONDATION, Fecundation. 
 
 F£GaNDITJt, Fecundity. 
 
 FEC'ULA, J^as'cM/a, diminutive otfxi, 'lee.' 
 An immediate principle of vegetables, com- 
 posed of hydrogen," oxygen, and carbon. ' It 
 exists in several plants, and has different names, 
 according to that which furnishes it. r- Wh^n 
 extracted -from wheat or barley, it is called 
 starch, Am'yhtm. When from Cycas. circina'- 
 lisy Sago; — from Orchis mo*rto, Saiep, We 
 say, also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony, Arum, 
 Manioc, &c. 
 
 Fecula Gkesn. This name is given to a 
 green, solid matterof variable character, which 
 is believed to be resirtous, and ■rt'hich renders 
 turbid several kinds- of juices^ extracted from 
 vegetables. It is, also, cei\eiJ^hloro-phyll. 
 
 Fecula Amtlacea, Amylum — f. Marantae,, 
 Arrow root — f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot. 
 
 FECULENCE, Faculen'tia, Facos'itas,Fax, 
 ItCTwma, Fts'ces, £ec. Deposit, Dregs.. In Fhar' 
 macy, feculent, albuminous, or other sahstances, 
 which are deposited ftoni turbid fluids. 
 
 FEC'IILENT, FteouUn'tfis; Hypot'rygvs, 
 Trygo'des. 'Foul, dreggy, excrementitious,", aa 
 a feculent JVutd, feculent evacuations, ■ &c. 
 
 FECUND, Fecun'dus, Facun'dus, (F.)'Fi- 
 cond. ' Same etymon as the next. Fruitful, 
 Prolific. . , 
 
 FECUNDA'TION, Fcec'mida'Uo, Im^egna'- 
 tion, Imprstgna'tio, Ingravida'tio, Prsgna'tio, 
 Ofavida'iio,Pr^gna'tus Frfiotijica'tio, Cye'ais, 
 Kn'cye'sis, Eneymo'sia, {V.t)F^eo7i,d'aUon, The 
 act by which, in organized beings, the material 
 furnished by the generative organs of the female, 
 unites with that prepared by those, of' the male, 
 so that a new being results. • 
 
 FECUNDITY, EutoCia, Facun'ditas, Pro- 
 ductiv'itas,(F.)JPecondite»^ The faculty of re- 
 production, possessed by organized, bodies. 
 . It has been estimated that throughout a coun- 
 try, taking one marriage with another, not 
 more than - 4 children are the result ; and in 
 towns oijly 35 children tolO marriages. 
 
 FEE,'Sostrum.,, 
 
 FAGARITE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomatitis, 
 pseudo-membranous. 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES, MorU dissimula'ti 
 seu siwiula'ti seu cela'ti seu mjititi'ti seU fseti- 
 da'lei ; Sim/ulated diseases, Pretend'ed dis- 
 eases, (F.-) Maladies dissimulees, M. simu- 
 lees. Mi. feintes, M. supposie^. Thp tricks 
 employed, by impostors,ito induce a belief that 
 they arS attacked with diseases vfhen they are 
 not., . These are generally assumed by beggars 
 to obtain alms ; by criminals to escap^ pu- 
 nishnient; and by soldiers to be exempt from 
 duty. 
 
 The following table exhibits the chief feigned 
 diseases, with the means of detection. 
 
 a table of feigned, pretended, simulated, or excited diseases or 
 , disq:^uAlificAtions. 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigked. 
 
 How Detected., 
 
 1. Abortion. 
 3, Abstinence. 
 
 3. Amaurotic 
 Blindness. 
 
 4. Apoplexy. 
 
 5. Cachexia, Ane- 
 mia, and Debility. 
 
 6. Excretion of 
 Calculi. 
 
 . Cancerous 
 
 CEB. 
 
 ) By falling down as if deprived of sen- 
 I sation and consciousness. 
 
 8. Catalepsy. 
 
 C By staining the clothes and body with • 
 
 \ borrowed blood. 
 
 By constant and minute attention. 
 
 C , ("Amaurosis is characterized by dilated 
 
 J By applying the extract of belladonnaj pupil. Where these substances haw 
 T Or the datura stramonium to tiie eye. l been applied, the effects will.go off in 
 t ' L ten days or a foithight. 
 
 By powerful stimulants'; an electric 
 shock; application of hot water, ster- 
 nutatories, actual cautery, &c. 
 f" Using substances to make the faceapl f"By examining if the pulse be strong, 
 1 pear pale and livijl.. Indulging freely y' and tjie skin hot, ar)4 whether there 
 in wine, and privation of sleep prior . be loss of appetite or of strength, or 
 to examination. , ,L swelling of the limbs. 
 
 f By the aid ofVhymistry. We are ac- 
 Putting sand, pebbles, &c. into tlie urine. < quainted with the chymical compo- 
 
 ( silioh of urinary calculL 
 fBygluingpnaportioh of a spleen with r„r ,. . , ,. ,. u i^» nf 
 Ul-J the smooth side to the skin, leavirig j % noting whether there be signs of 
 \ on the outside the appearance of an^ cachexia, and by attentive examina- 
 L ulcerated surface. L '""n °f 'he part 
 f . rBy powerful stimulants, as recommend- 
 
 I By seeming to he suddenly motionless, j ed under apoplexy. Letting fall a 
 -^ thejoints remaining flexible, and ex--{ drop of boiling water on the back, 
 temal objects making no impression. } Proposing to use the actual cautery 
 L L and seeing whether the pulse rises. 
 
 1 
 
- FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 351 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 q p . 1 By assuming the convulsive motions of 
 
 a. UHOBEA. -i ^ p^jj ^y^ characterize chorea. 
 
 , „ „ ^ ( Mode . 01 diEcruuination sometimes so 
 
 lu. Lohthaction or ( _ _ 1 obscure as to deceive the mosf prao- 
 
 Joi»TsiiieKHERAL.f i tised and attentive. 
 
 \ 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 By examining the patient nrhilst he 
 may imagine himself unobserved, 
 and seeing virhether the convulsive 
 motions go on then. 
 
 Mode . of discruuination 
 
 II. CONTRACTIOH OF 
 
 THE Fingers. 
 
 12. CoHVDIfSlONS. 
 
 1 
 
 IS.OfaeeCobnea. 
 
 14.iCutai)E0ds DiS- 
 
 Introduce a cord between the fingers 
 and the palm of the hand, and gra- 
 dually apply weights so as to expand 
 ' the lingers. (Confine him so that he 
 cannot obtain his food without using 
 his clenched hand. 
 
 When feigned, they do not present the 
 rigidity of muscles or the rapidity of 
 action which characterize the real. 
 The n)ode of detection must be the 
 same as in epilepsy. 
 
 The existence of the opacity can be 
 detected by attentive observatibn. 
 
 By careM examination on the part of 
 practitioner and nurse. 
 
 Procluced by the application of a strong 
 acid, by acrid powders, as quickliine, 
 
 &C. 
 
 ' Some articles of diet will bring on urti- 
 caria or nettle-rash, in particular 
 individuals, as shell-fish, bitter al- 
 monds; &c By acrids, acids,' or 
 any irritants applied to the surfiice."^ 
 An ointment of tiartarized antimony I 
 causes a painiiil pustular eruption. J 
 Sec Forrigo, in tt^is list (_ 
 
 C The really deaf and dumb acquire an 
 
 15. Deaf-Dombness. \ .-J expression of countenance and ges- 
 
 ) ( tures which it is difficult to assume. 
 
 f rMake a noise When not expected, and 
 
 j see if the countenance varies or pulse, 
 
 It may be assumed or excited by put- I rises. . J'ut to sitep by opium, and 
 
 ting a pea in the ear, or by inserting-; then fire a pistol close to the^ ear, 
 
 irritants, so as to induce inflammation 1 
 
 and temporary loss of ftinctioh. I 
 
 C Soine persons possess the power of( If suspected,theplanrecommknded un- 
 < suspending or moderating the action < der -apoplexy, will be fomid most efii- 
 ( of the heart. f cadous. 
 
 16. Deafness. 
 
 17. Death. 
 
 18. Debility, 
 Cachexia. 
 
 when .he may be, thrown off his 
 guard. Examine the ear to see if 
 any tr^k has been played there. 
 
 Id. Defobhity. 
 
 20. Delivery. 
 
 31. Diarbhiea. 
 
 33. Dropsy. 
 
 33. Dysentery. 
 
 After enlargement produced artificially, 
 a subsidence of the tume'&ction; the 
 parts being moistened by. boncfwed 
 blood, and the child of another sub- 
 stituted as the &male's own^ 
 
 r 
 
 Said to have been caused by a mixture 
 of vinegar and burnt cork. C!) May 
 be occasioned by the use of any of the " 
 purgative roots, &c 
 
 May be feigned, like pregnancy, by 
 
 vyearing pads The anasarcous con- 
 
 , dition of the lower limbs has been 
 
 "^ caused by applying a ligature round " 
 
 them. By inflating the cellular inem- 
 
 hrane of the abdomen. 
 
 'May be feigned, like diatrhtea, by^dd- 
 
 ing a little blood to the evacuations, 
 
 or by introducing a soap or some 
 
 (_ more irritating suppository. 
 
 Examine the part and its articulation, 
 naked", and compare it with the op- 
 posite. . - 
 
 Can only be positively detected by exa 
 niination par taginam. Soon after 
 delivery, tiie vagma will be relaxed 
 and the lochial discharge be flowing 
 ^in greater abundance, the shorter 
 the time that may have elapsed since 
 delivery; 
 ' When diarrhoea is feigned by the lower 
 
 ' classes, inspect the linen; if clean the 
 bowels are probably not much out of 
 order. Let every individual have a 
 close stool of his owii ; and inspect 
 the evacuations, taking care that one 
 suf^ring under the disease does hot 
 lend his evacuations to another. 
 
 Can be detected by attentive examina- 
 tion. There will be a want of that 
 leucdphlegmatic tabit, which accom- 
 
 , panics and characterizes dropsy. 
 
 Same rules as under dianhoea. 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 352 
 
 FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feighed. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 24. EpitEPST. 
 
 25. FiTEB. 
 
 ^ The foaming of the mouth has been pro-, 
 ' duced by keeping a piece of soap^ in it ' 
 
 'Sensation in epilepsy is totally ajiolished, 
 If any remain,disease probably feigned. 
 Incontractility of pupil, which occurs 
 in epilepsy, caniiot be feigned. Same 
 means to be used as ^in feigned ape 
 
 26. FisTOLA IN Ako. « 
 
 ■ By various stiimilants, as wine, brandy, 
 pepper; swallowing a smallquantity 
 of tobacpo, or introducing it into the 
 anus. Flour or chalk used to whiten 
 the tongue. Jledness of skin, caused 
 by fiiction with a hard brush. 
 
 'By making an incision near the verge ]" 
 
 The deceit is generally develojied by a 
 day or two's examination. Where 
 floui or chalk.has been used to whiten 
 
 ■ the tongue, the line of demarcation, 
 between the whitei^ed part and the 
 dean, healthy margin of the tongue, is 
 too well marked to escape observation. 
 
 27. Fkactdres. 
 
 28. H^matemesis. 
 
 39. HEMOPTYSIS. 
 
 of the anusj and introducing into it J -a 
 an acrid tent, such' as the root ofS ^ 
 whiwhdlebare, &c. ^ 
 
 There is generally nothing but the man's ^ 
 own testimony. He complains of pain | 
 in the part; if fracture of the skull be i-I 
 feigned; he states, perhaps, that he be- \ 
 coines deranged on tasting liqucv. J 
 
 careful examination. 
 
 ' attentive esaminatian. 
 
 30. Hemohbhoids. 
 
 31.' He ART, Diseases 
 or, see PaL'pita 
 
 TION. 
 
 32, Hepatitis. 
 
 33< Hernia. 
 
 34. Hydrocele. 
 
 35. Hydrocepha- 
 lus. 
 
 36. Hysteria. 
 
 37. Insanity. 
 
 38. Jaundice. 
 
 39. Lameness. 
 
 [\''i^g^^:e^°o?o.sid°is^Sdr^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^ then throwing it up.. . ) and careM exammation. , 
 fBy ■ -- -- ■ 
 
 \ P 
 
 1 ^' 
 
 JBy 
 
 f By secreting, buflock's blood for thepW- f Blood from the lungs is frothy and light- 
 J pose of colouring the saliva; making J "' ' a/i— .i- — ,.i i-- . 
 
 Is 
 
 _^ ^ coloured.N Mouth and fauces must- 
 small incisions in the motith; using] be carefiiHy inspected; and tbe indi. 
 bole armeniac or paint of vermilion. (^ vidual be observed, 
 y introducing bladders of rats or 0P\ 
 J small fish partly into the rectum. ! ™, _ „ i, .:„„ 
 
 1 The Jinen has ^ been stained with \^^ "^^ "^ '*"°»^ 
 L borrowed blood. , J 
 
 ' Unless theperson be a well educated im- 
 postor, acute inflamaiation of the liver 
 will be detected by the absence of 
 marks of strong in&immatory action. 
 ■ ^ Chronic liver dfsease is, frequently, 
 not characterized by ^ell marked 
 ^iriptoms, and hence, when 
 sumed, is difficult of detection, 
 '"i^ltfon^ "^'"" ^ hydr'>eele;-by l^he detection is easy. 
 By puncturing the skin of the scrotum, ) j. 
 
 and inflating the cellular membrane. 5 
 By opening the integuments, of the ^ , 
 
 head, near the vertex, e. g. and > ' Do. 
 
 blowing in ait. j ■ 
 
 , ' i Does not easily resist the application of 
 
 • , 3 strong sternutatories tb the nostrils. 
 
 ( Attentive examination necessaiy. 
 ("The expression of countenance cannot 
 I easily be feigned. Nor cte the nSkt- 
 
 • ^ tion be k ept up so long as in real men- 
 
 I tal aGenatioilv The individual can- 
 I not do so long vpithout food, sleep, &ft 
 By colouring the skin with an infusion f The eyes cannot be coloured, althougli 
 of turmeric or tincture of rhubarb. [ smoke has been used for this pur- 
 _Clay-coloured stools produced by 1 pose. The skin muSt be wasbeiJ 
 taking daily a srnall quantity of mu-"| to femove the cioloaring matter if 
 riatic acid. High-cohured' urine 1 any exist, and the supply of acid and 
 by rhubarb taken internally. i rhubarb be prevented. 
 
 C By two persons taking hold of the ini- 
 By keeping the limb in a contracted 1 vidual andmoving rapidly along with 
 state, and resisting any efforts to! him ; and when they are tired, having 
 •"""» '♦ j relays. The impostor will generally 
 
 1, give in. 
 
 move It. 
 
TEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 353 
 
 FEIGNEB DISEASES 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 40. Menstruation. 
 
 41. Myopia. 
 Shortsightedness, 
 
 42. Ophthalmia. 
 
 43. Otasi. 
 
 44. Palpitation. 
 
 45. Fains. 
 
 46. Shaking Palsy. 
 
 47. Paralysis. 
 
 C By staining the clothes and body with 
 \ bonowed Uood> 
 
 48. Phthisis 
 ihunalis. 
 
 ' Excited by a variety of acrid and corro- 
 sive substances apjplied to the eye; as 
 lims, &C. 
 
 ■{ A portion of black muslio, spread over. 
 
 I me cornea. The eyelashes are some- 
 
 I times extracted, and caustic applied to 
 
 I, excite disease in the palpebrs. 
 
 r By impregnating a piece of sponge vvith .. 
 
 ! some offensive juices or oils, mixed I 
 with decayed cheese, and putting the ■ 
 imbued sponge into the nostrils. 
 White hellebore, given in the dose of- 
 10 or 12 grains, and repeated, will 
 occasion geneMI indisposition, and 
 undue action of the heart 
 
 ;! By cutting off the supply, 
 
 r Present ia open book, and apply ibe 
 ! leaves clo^ to the nose. If it cannot 
 )ie read distinctly, when thus placed^ 
 or when glasses properfor short-^ght- 
 edness are used, the disease is feigned. 
 
 When ophthalmia is thus excited, its 
 . progress is ordinariljr veiy rapid,, arri- 
 ving at its height within a few hours. 
 
 L 
 
 •Cut off the supply. 
 
 Pbl- 
 
 49. PoLYPOB Nasi. . 
 
 50. PORRIGO. ^ 
 
 ScatUd Head, 
 
 51. Pregnancy. 
 
 53. Prolapsus Ani. 
 
 3. pROLAPSOs Ute- 
 ri. 
 
 54. Pulse, Weak- 
 ness OB Defect 
 
 OF. 
 
 55. Chronic Rheu- 
 matism. 
 
 See Pain. 
 
 The detection is here oilen difficult. 
 The non-existence of pain cannot be 
 proved, and great pain maybe present 
 without any appearance externally. 
 
 The imposition is more frequently de 
 tected by inconsistencies and contra' 
 dictions in the patient's history of the 
 case, than in any other manner. ' 
 
 May be suspected, if the person be in an 
 ordinary state of vigour. Try vio- 
 lent remedies and means, recom- 
 ^ mended under Chorea. 
 ' Violent remedies are here required. 
 Cold affusion,'actual cautery, electnc 
 
 ' Individuals vHth long necks and con- ^ * ' 
 
 tracted shoulders haVe simulated ( 
 
 phthisis, by covering the chfest withj. By attentive examination of the symp- 
 
 blisteia, cicatrices of issues, &c ; and^ toms. 
 
 by taking drugs which cause paleness. L ' 
 
 ' By introducing the testicle of a young~\ 
 
 cock, or the kidney of a rabbit into i 
 
 the nostril, and retaining it there bv f 
 
 means of a sponge fastened to it J 
 ' By applying nitric acid to the head, af ~v 
 
 ter protecting the iace with fatty sub- I • 
 
 stances; but the chtonic state is imi- ; 
 
 tated by the use of depilatories of ^ 
 
 different kinds applied sometimes in | 
 
 patches, so as to resenfible the For- ; 
 
 rigo decalvans, ' ' _J 
 
 By wearing pads, and assuming the C By the absence of the areola ; the pre 
 
 longing after particular articles of.? senceofapad; and, if necessary, by 
 
 diet, &c. ' 
 
 By a portion of the intestine of the .ox, 1 
 
 in which a sponge, filled with a mix- > 
 
 ture of blood and giilk is placed. ) 
 
 > By a similar fraud. \ 
 
 By examining whether the arteries of 
 
 examination fer ■oagijiom. 
 
 I By ligaturps applied to the correspond- ' 
 I ingarm'. 
 
 56. Scrofula. 
 
 1 
 
 exciting ulcers below the angles 
 of the jaw. 
 
 the two arms beat alike; and if a liga 
 ture be placed on the arm. 
 
 ■"By examining the genjeral habit, and 
 
 observing, whether the ulcerations he 
 
 I glandular, and the discharge of a 
 
 L scrofiilous character. / 
 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
 
 354 
 
 FEMORAL 
 
 Diseases, &c. 
 
 How Feigned. 
 
 How Detected. 
 
 57. SPDBVV. 
 
 •58. Stahmerisg. 
 
 59. Strictore 
 THE Urethra. 
 
 60. Swelling of the 
 Legs. 
 
 By covering the teeth with wax, arid C By examinihg the general Habit; wh& 
 then applying acid, corrosive sub- < theV debilitated, cachectic, and possess- 
 stances to the" gums. ' ' ^ ( ingthe usual general signs of scorbutus; 
 
 (^Simulators of this defect generally state; 
 that it is connate, or ascribe it to a fit 
 of apoplexy br severe fever. VPIiere 
 the organs of speech were perfect, 
 and the moral evidence of the pre- 
 vious existence of the infirmity was 
 not satisfactory, the French authori- 
 ties, used to I confine the soldiers, and 
 not supply them with food, until 
 they called for it without stammer- 
 ing, s 
 
 ) By ligatures round the thighs. 
 
 , 5 By passing a bougie. ' 
 } Exaniine the limbs uncovered. 
 
 [ufatures are sometimes used to pre- fPy "''i''g,t"J^'^„^™J ^^*' *d 
 i vent the pulse being felt. Byapply^.^ T.Z T^.^J^I'^'^^TJ 
 5 ■ t ^ i a. r I 1 ■» 1 i syncope. r.xamme the naked afflis. 
 ^ mg louons to the face to make it pale. |_ -ftTashthe face. ■ 
 
 C Persons have possessed the power of T 
 
 < swallovving air. so as to dis^nd , the.^ I 
 
 I storpach, and simulate tympany. \_ 
 By introducing a tent, ithbued with r 
 
 blisl«(ring ptester into the ear, and re- I 
 
 peating the application, until the tube I , i 
 
 becomes ulcerated, and a discharge of j 
 
 puriform matter is established. The J g ^^„f^ examination. 
 
 fetid smell is imitated, by dropp^ngA ■' 
 
 I into the'ear a mixture of empyreuma- 
 tic oil, asafcp.tida and old cheese. 
 Also, by introducuig a little honey 
 I. into the meatus. 
 
 f By corrosives, or irritants. Sometimes f" Artificial ulcers have, usually, a more 
 
 64 Ulcfhb op th^ ' ''Y *'"'^i'"'> by ™bbing sand on tlie 1 distinct margin„and are more readily 
 
 ' shin-bone. At othecs, they are pre-./ healed than otheis ; the latter being 
 
 tended, by gluing bn a piece of a j generally indicative of an impaired 
 
 spleen or the skin of a frog. \_ constitution, 
 
 61 . SyscOPB. 
 
 62. TyJiPAKV. 
 
 63. Ulcer of 
 Ear. 
 
 Legs, &c. 
 
 65. Bloodit Urine. i 
 
 66. Incontinence 
 OF Urine. 
 
 67. Varicose Veins.- 
 
 The frpirof the Indian Fig {Cacm rBymakingthe patient pass his unne in 
 
 the presence of the physician, and ex 
 amining the vessel before and ate. 
 By cutting off the supj^ly of any 
 substance, which could cause 
 
 opuntia) colours the urine as red as 
 
 blood. Cantharides will cause it,.,^ 
 
 Blood may also be procured -and i 
 
 mixed with the urine.' ' „„„„ 
 
 , t^ appearance. 
 
 pDifficult, at times, of detection. (Jive 
 
 ' I the person a full dose of opiuta, and 
 
 'i introduce the catheter , when he- is 
 
 ! asleep. If there be urine, the incon 
 
 J • L tinence is feigned.* , 
 
 By a ligature, placed tightly round the f 
 
 limb. They may be excited in this I ... , ,. , 
 
 manner, or aggravated if aheady ex-'S "? examinmg the limb. 
 
 isting. . U 
 
 FEL, Bile — f. Anguillae, see Bile — f. Bovi- 
 num, Bile of the Ox^f. Bovis, see Bile^f. Na- 
 turae, Aloes — f. Tauri, see Bile — f. Terrae, Lu- 
 dus Helmbntii — f. Ursi, see Bile — f. Vitri, see 
 Vitrum. 
 
 FELINEUS, Bilious. 
 
 FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious. 
 
 FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue. 
 1 FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus— f. Super- 
 fusio, Icterus — f. Suffusio, Icterus. 
 
 FELON, Paronychia. 
 
 FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon Felt, cloth or 
 stuff made without weaving.- Tangling. A 
 term applied to the hair when inextricahly' in- 
 
 terlaced, as occasionally in women from inat- 
 tention. 
 
 FlLUREDE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid. 
 
 FELWORT, Gentiana lutea. 
 
 -FEMALE, Fem'ina,Gi/ne; (F.)FemUe. In 
 animals, the one that engenders and hears the 
 young. It is, , also, used adjectivelyi— ^s, the 
 Female sex, &c. 
 
 Female Parts, Vulva. 
 
 FEMELLE, Female. 
 
 FEMEN, Thigh, Vulva. 
 
 FEMINA, Female. 
 
 FEMME EN COXTCHE, Puerpera. . 
 
 FEM'ORAL, Femora'lis, from femar,.'&e 
 
FEMORALIS 
 
 355 
 
 FERREIN 
 
 thigh-bone.' Belonging or relating to the thigh; 
 as Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, &c. See 
 Crural. 
 
 FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris. 
 
 FiMORO-CALCANIEN PETIT, Plan- 
 tar muscle — f. Popliteali great, Sciatic nerve, 
 great^^/". PopHH-HUal, Poptitaeus musSle. 
 
 FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-Hbia'Hs. Be- 
 longing to the femur and tibia. The Femor6- 
 tihial articulatioit is the knee-joint. 
 
 F'EMV'R, MeruSjMe'rium, Osfem'oris. The 
 thigftione. (P^L'bsdelaCnisse, The strongest 
 and longest-of all the bones of the body, extend- 
 ing from the pelvis to the ;tibia, and forming the 
 solid part of the thigh. The femur is cylindri- 
 cal, slightly ctirved anteriorly, unsymmetrical 
 and oblique downwards and inwards. The 
 body of the bone is prismatic, and has, behind, 
 i prominent ridge, the linea aspera. 
 
 FkooesSeb.-s 
 
 Upper or 
 
 Felvic 
 
 Extremity. 
 
 Inferior or 
 
 Tibial 
 Extremity. 
 
 ' Head supported on a 
 ; cqluiiin or neck. 
 I Great trochanter. 
 _. Lesser trochanter 
 
 ' External condyle. 
 I Internal condyle. 
 I External tuberosity. 
 , Internal tuberosity. 
 
 The feinur ossifies from five points : — one on 
 eadi process of the pelvic extremity; one in 
 the body of the bone ;, and two on the condyles. 
 It is alrticulated with .the pelvis, tibia, and pa- 
 tella. See Thigh. . 
 
 MMUR COL BV, Collnm femoris— f. Mo- 
 ventium Septimus, Iliacus internus — f. Moven- 
 tium sextus, Psoas magnus — f. Summum, Vulva. 
 
 PENES'TRA. A window. (F.) Fenkre. 
 Anatomists have given this name tq two aper- 
 tures, situate in the inner paries of the cavity 
 al the tyinpanam. The one of these is the Fe- 
 nesi'ra ova'lis, F. ilestibula'Hs, Fora'men ova'le. 
 It is oval-shaped ; situate at the base of the stapes, 
 and. corresponds with the cayity of the vesti- 
 bule. The otAer is the Fenestra rotun'da, F. 
 Cochlea'ris, Fpra'tnen rot-wn'dum. It is closed 
 by a fine, transparent membrane, called Mem- 
 bra'na Tympani secun'daria, Tympamtm mi- 
 nus sea seeunda'riitm, Memhra'na feneitrse ro- 
 titn'da, and corresponds to the inner scala of 
 the cochlea. ^ . 
 
 Fenestra Oculi, Pupil. 
 
 FENES'TRAL, Fenejtra'tus, fiom fenestra, 
 'a window.'. (F.) Fenkre et Fenestre. Ban- 
 dages, compresses, or plasters with small per- 
 forations or openings, are so called. The open- 
 ings prevent the detention of the discharge. 
 
 FENESTRATUS, Fenestral. ' 
 
 FENESTRA, Fenestral. 
 
 F^NETRE, Fenestra. 
 
 FENETRi, Fenestral. 
 
 FENNEL, Anethum— f. Dogs',' Anthemis 
 cotula — f. Flower, Nigella—f. Hog's,' Peuceda- 
 num — f. Sweet, Anethum — f. Water, Phellan- 
 drium aquaticum. 
 
 FENOVIL, Anethum—/. dmau, Phelkn- 
 drium aquaticum — ■/. Mwrin, Crithmum mariti- 
 mum — •/. de Pore, Peucedanum^-/. Pi(ant, Ane^ 
 thuni graveolens. 
 
 FENTE, Fissure—/. Capillaire, see Pilatio 
 — f. Oienoidale, Fissure, glenoid—/. OrUtaire, 
 Qrbitar fissure—/. Orbitaire inferieure, Sphe- 
 no-maxillary fissure — /. Hpheno-maxillaire, 
 
 Spheno-maxillary fissure— /. Sphenoidale, Sphe- 
 noidal fissure. 
 
 FiNXTGREC, Trigonella fcenum. 
 
 FEJ^UGRECK, Trigonella fcenum. 
 
 FER, Ferrum— /. Acetate de, Ferri acetas — 
 /. Carbonate de, Ferri protocarbonas— r/, Chand, 
 Pyrosis — f. Hydrate de, tritoxide de, jEtites — 
 /. lodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine — ■/. Lae- 
 tate de, Ferri Lactas — f. Limaille de, Ferri 
 Jimatura-^/. Peroxide de, Ferri subcarbonas — 
 /. et de Potasse, tartrate de, Ferrum tartariza- 
 tum — /. et de Potassium., Cyanure de, Potassii 
 Ferrocyanuretum — f.etde Potassium,Protoeya- 
 nure de, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum — /. Sulfate 
 de, Ferri Sulphuretum — /. Sulfure de, Ferri 
 Sulphuretum. 
 
 FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus. 
 
 FERINE, feW'Mjij;-' savage, brutal;' The- 
 rio'des. A term, applied to any malignant or 
 noxious disease. In France it is nsed only 
 when joined to Tmia ; Toux ferine, a dry, ob- 
 stinate, aiid painful cough. 
 
 FERMENT, Fermen'tum, (qnasi fervimen- 
 t'-um-,') Zyma, Zymo'ma, Leven, (F.) Levain. — 
 The latrochymists applied thip name to imagi- 
 nary substances, Fermen'td mor'bi, to which 
 they attributed the power of producing diseases, 
 by exciting a fermentation in the ,humours. 
 
 FERMENT A'TION, FemUnta'tio, Zymo'sis, 
 ^sttm'tio, Causis, Brasmos. An intestinal 
 movement, occurring spontaneously in a liquid ; 
 whence result certain substances, that ditf not 
 previously exist in it. 
 
 The chemical physicians attributed a^l dis- 
 eases to an imaginary fermentation of the hu- 
 mours-. 
 
 Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction. 
 
 FERMENTUM CjEREVISI^, Test — f. 
 Morbi, Ferment— f. Ventricull, Gastric jnice. 
 , >FERN, FEMALE, Asplenium filix fcemina, 
 Pteris aquilina — f. Male, Pqlypodium filix mas 
 — f. Bush, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Gale, 
 Comptpnia asplenifolia— f. Meadow, Compto- 
 nia asplenifolia — f. Rock, Adiantum pedatum — 
 f. Root, Polypodium vulgare— f. Sweet, Adian- 
 tunfpedatum, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. S^eet, 
 shrubby, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 FERNAMBUCO WOOD, Cjesalpinia echi- 
 nata. 
 
 FERRAMEN'TUM, Side'rion, Instrumen'- 
 tum fer'reum. Any surgical instrument, made 
 of iron. By the vulgar, in France, the word 
 ferrements meansthe instruments used in diffi- 
 cult labours. 
 
 FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FERRATUS, Chalybeate. 
 
 FERREIN, Canal of. Ductus Ferrei'ni. A 
 triangular channel, which Ferrein supposed to 
 result from the approximation of the free edges 
 of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye; 
 and which he considered adapted for directing 
 the tears towards the puncta lachrymalia, during 
 sleep. The canal is, probably, imaginary. 
 
 The same name is likewise given to the cor- 
 tical canals,— ths first portions of the urinife- 
 rous ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance 
 of the Iddney. 
 
 ' Ferrein, Pye'amid of, Pyr'amis Ferrei'ni. 
 Each of the papillse of the kidney, according to 
 Ferrein, consists of, at least, 700 subordinate 
 cones or pyramids. To these last, the name 
 ^pyramids of Ferrein,^ Pyram'ides renales Fer- 
 rei'ni, Fascic'nli pyramida'les, has been given. 
 
FEERI ACETAS 
 
 356 
 
 FEREI SUBCARBONAS 
 
 FEBRI ACE'TASj Extratltummartis ace'- 
 ticum.) Ace'ticwm martia'Hy Ac'^etate oflron^ Iron 
 liquor, (F.) ^oHate deftr.- A preparation of the 
 Dublin Pharmacopceiaj made by digesting 1 part 
 of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid for 
 three days, and filtering. Dose, as a tonic and 
 astringent, i^v to nn^xx in water. 
 
 Febb.1 Mrvbo, F. Sfl,bcaTbonaa; — f,et Annmo- 
 niae murias, Ferrum ammoaiatum — f. Ammo- 
 tiio-chloridum, Ferrtim ammoniatum. 
 
 Fekw Ammonio-citeas, Anwionio-eitraie. of 
 iron. Citrate of mnmmnia and iron. Prepared 
 by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to 
 neutrailize the excess of acid. Dosd, gr. v, to 
 gr. viij. 
 
 Ferei Ammonio-taeteas, Ammonio-tartraie 
 of Iron. This salt is best made by dissolving 
 to saturation freshly precipitated hydr^ted ox- 
 ide of iron in a solution of bifartrate of ammo- 
 uia, and evapor-ati^ to dryness. It is very 
 spluble. The dose is five grains or more in pill 
 or solution. 
 
 Fekei Aesenias, Arsenlate of Iron — f. Bro- 
 midum, see Bromine — f. Nitratis Liquor, see 
 Tinctura Ferri muriatis^-f. Sesquinitratis, li- 
 quor, see Tinctura Ferri muriatis — f. Boiussias, 
 Prussian blue — f. Carb6nas,.F. subcarbonas— f. 
 Carbonas Saccharatuiti, seeF. Protocarbonas — 
 f. Carbonatum, Graphites — f. Carburetum, Gra- 
 phites. 
 
 Feeei Citeas, Citrate of Iron. Two citrates 
 of iron have bepn prepared of late — the Se^qui- 
 Citrate or Citrate of the Sesquioxide; and the 
 Citrate of the protoxide. They resemble, in 
 their me4ical properties, the tartrate and the 
 lactate of the metal. 
 
 Feeei Ctahueetum, Prussian blue — f. Deu- 
 tocarbonas fuscus, F. subcarbonas — f. Deutoxy- 
 dum nigrum, jEthiops martial-;:-! . Ferrocyanas, 
 Prussian blue — f. Ferrocyanuretilim, Prussian 
 blue — ^f. Hydriodas, F. lodidum— f. Hydrocya- 
 nas, Prussian blue — ^f. Hypercarburetuja, Gra- 
 phites. 
 
 Feeei Io'bidum, F. lodure'tum, F. Hydri'- 
 odas. Iodide, Ipduretoi Hydri'odate of Iron, F. 
 lodiire de fer, i^Iodin. ^ij, Ferri ramsnt. ^j, Aq. 
 destillat. Oiss.) Mix the iodine with a pint of 
 the distilled water in a porcelain or glass Ves- 
 sel, and gradually add the iron filings, stirring 
 constantly. >, Heat the mixture gently until the 
 liquid acquires a light greenish colour; then fil- 
 ter, arid after the liquid has passed, pour upon 
 the filter half a pint of the distilled water, boil- 
 ing hot. When this has passed, evaporate the 
 filtered liquor, at a temperature not exceeding 
 212°, in an iron vessel to dryness ; keep tjie dry 
 iodide in a closely stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.) 
 See, also. Iodine. 
 
 Feeei Iodueetum, F. lodidum. 
 
 F|:eei Lactas, Lactate of Iron, Lactate of 
 Frotox'ide- of Iron, (^ .), Lactate de Fer. Pre- 
 pared by digesting in a sand bath, at a low tem- 
 perature, diluted lactic acid with iron icings. 
 It is employed in the ^ame cases as the precipi- 
 tated subcarbonate of iron, and especially in 
 chlorosis.- Twelve grains of the lactate may 
 be given in the 24 hours, in the form of lo- 
 zenges. . , 
 
 Feeei LiMatd'ea PuEiFiCA'TAjPti'rji^e*;? Iron 
 Filings .-—purified by means of the magnet, for 
 internal use. The filings ire, also, called F^rri 
 Scobs, F. Ramen'ta et Fila, Martis lAmatu'ra, 
 Spec'ultim In'dicmnj Ferri inpul'verem resolu'- 
 
 tio, (F.) lAmaille de Fer. . They are considered 
 to possess the. general' properties of iron : — the 
 iron becoming oxidized. 
 
 Feeei OxiDtriH FnscuM, F. subcarbonas — f. 
 Oxidum Nigrum, Oxydum ferri nigrum — f. Oxi- 
 dum rubrum, Colcothar, Ferri' sub^farbonas — ^f. 
 Oxidum hydratumy Ferrum et Oxydum hydra- 
 turn — f. Percyanidum, Prussian blue — f. Pila, 
 F. limaturti — f. et Potassae tarft-as, Ferrum tar- 
 tardzatum — ^f. Potassio-tJ^rtras, Ferrum tartari- 
 zatunl. • 
 
 Feeei Phosphas, Phosphate of Iron, (Ftrri 
 Sulphat. ,^v, Sodse Fhospktt. ^vi,Aqtiai, cong. 
 Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphateof 
 soda, severally in four pints of the water; then 
 hiix the solutions; and set the mixture by, that 
 the powder may subside; lastly, having poured 
 off tiie supernatant liquor, wash the. phosphate 
 of iron with water, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
 — Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly- 
 beate. Rarely used. 
 
 Feeei Potassio-Taeteas, Ferrtun tartariza- 
 tum. 
 
 Feeei Peotocaebonas, Frotocarbonate of 
 Iron, (F.) Carbonate ide fer. The protoiarbo- 
 nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of 
 the sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, 
 readily attracts oxygen and becomes converted 
 ipto the sesquipxide. To prevent this,, it may 
 be associated with honey and sugar,. and the 
 mixture be reduced by evaporation to a pilular 
 consistence. The mass constitutes the Ferru- 
 ginous Fills — FiluUi ferrugi^riBuses, of.Yal- 
 \et—Vallet's Fills. See Piluls Ferri Carbbna- 
 tis. The Edinburgh PharmacopcBiacontains'the 
 Ferri Car'bohas SiOcchara'tum, Sac' chorine Car'- ' 
 bonate of Iron prepared in this manner. " It is the 
 Ferrum Carhoriieum Saccharatum of Klauer. 
 
 The protocafbonate is given in the same dis- 
 eases as the lactate of iron. Ten or fifteen 
 grains in the course of the twenty-four hours. ■ 
 
 Feeei Peotosulphas Vieidis, F. sulphas— ^f. 
 Prussias, Prussian blue. 
 
 Feeei et Qdihije Citeas, Citrate, of Iron 
 and Qidnia, formed by the union of four parts 
 of citrate of iron and one part of citrate of qui- 
 nia, lias been prescribed in cases where a com- 
 bination of these tonics is indicated. 
 
 Feeei Ramenta, F. limatura — f. Eubigo, F. 
 subcarboii^ — f. Scobs, F. limatura — f. Sesqni- 
 oxidum, F. subcatbonas praecipitatus. ' 
 
 Jeeei Suecae'bonas, F. Car'bonas, Ferrum 
 pracipita'tum'^ Chal'ybis Hubi'go'' prsBpara^it, 
 Ferri Rubigo. (The last two terms, as well 
 as Ferru'go, are applied to the subcarbonate or 
 rust, Mru'go Ferri, Cacaferri, forined by the 
 action of moist air on metallic iron.) Aprotpx" 
 ide of iron, oxidized by the decomposition of 
 water ; the carbonic acid being attracted from 
 the air. Dose, gr. v to gss and more. 
 
 The 'Ferri Subcarbonas may be precipitated 
 from sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda. 
 The following is the formula of the Pharmaco- 
 poeia of the United States; — Ferri sulfh; §viijs 
 sodce earb. §ix; aqux bullient. cong. Dissolva 
 the sulphate of iron and carbonate of soda seve- 
 rally in four pints of the water, then mix the so- 
 lutions, and having stirred the mixture, set it 
 by that the powder may subside ; having pour- 
 ed off the liquor wash the subcarbonate with 
 hot water, wrap it in bibulous paper, and drjr 
 with a gentle heat. It is, also, called Ferri 
 sesquiox'idum, Ox'idum ferri fuscum, Ox'idum 
 
FERRICUS HYDRAS 
 
 357 
 
 FERRUM 
 
 ferri rulrum, Vettto-cdr'bonas Ferri ftueus, 
 Crocus martis ape'riens, Sesqimoxide or perox- 
 ide of iron, (F.) Peroxide de fer, Safran. de 
 Mars aperitif. 
 
 Fkrki Stilphas, Sal Martis, Vitriolim. Mar- 
 tis, Vitriolitm ferri, Ftrrwm Vitriola'tum, Sul- 
 lAas vel Protosul^as Ferri viridis, Caleach- 
 num. Col' color i Cat'cotar, Chedcan'thtim, Cal- 
 eite'a, Atramen'tum suto'tinm. Vitriol, Vitirio- 
 lumviride, An'ima -Hep'eOis, Swlphateof Iron, 
 Green VUriol, Copperas, (F.) Sulfate de fer. 
 The Pharmaeopceift of the! United States directs 
 it to be made by the action of sulphuriit acid 
 ^^xyiij, on Iron wire, cut in pieces,'§xij-^a««r, 
 a gallon— evaporating, crystallizing, and drying 
 the crystals on bibulous paper. This salt is 
 inodorous, and of a strong styptic taste. The 
 crystals are light green,,transparent, rhomboi- 
 d&l; and soluble in two parts of water. It is 
 tonie and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. j. to vj and 
 more. - 
 
 Ebeei Sulphas' Caloinatum;, Colcothar. 
 Fkrki SnLPHmtE'TUM,SK?'j)fe«i! o/'irim,/ro» 
 pyri'tes, {7.) Sidftire "defer; may be made by 
 heating one part of sublimed sulphur, over three 
 parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass 
 begins to glow. It is employpd as a ready means 
 for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad- 
 <iition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid. 
 
 Fkeri Taetaeum, Ferriim tartarizatttm — f. 
 Tritoxydum^-Colcothar. 
 
 FERRICUS ttYDRAS, F«rnim oxydum hy- 
 dratum. 
 
 FERRUGHNEUSj Chalybeate. 
 FERRUGINOSUS, Chalybeate. 
 FERRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy- 
 datum hydratum. 
 
 FERRUMj Mars, Side'ros, Metal'lum hsefna- 
 topo'et'icum. Iron, (F.)Fer. A metal of a-bluish- 
 ^ay colour; fibrous, texture; brilliant and fine- 
 grained fracture. Specific gravity 7.600 to 
 7.800 : hard, ductile, malleable, and. magnetic. 
 The medicinal virtues of iron are tonic ; pro- 
 ducing fetid eructations, when it takes effect, 
 owing to its meeting with acid in the stomach, 
 which oxidizes it, and causes the evoliitjon of 
 hydrogen gas. .When given in the metallic 
 States 'the filings are chiefly used,: but the oxides 
 and salts are most commonly employed." 
 
 Fereum Ammohia'tum, Mu'rias Ammo'niee 
 et Ferri, Ferri am/mo'nio-cklo'ridu'm, Flores 
 martia'tes, Flores ^alis armnoni'aci tnartia'les, 
 ■iBns martis, Ens Ven'eris Soy'lei, Sal Martis' 
 muriatficwm sublima'twn, Sal amvmoni^acwm_ 
 martia'lS, Ammw'nium muriat'icum martia'tum, 
 seu martia'le, Aroph Faracel'si, ' Calen'dultB 
 nvinera'les, Ferrum am/moniaca'le, Arnmo'.niated 
 Iron, AmTno'nio-chloride of Iron, (F.) Muriate 
 d'ammoniague et de fer. A submuriate of am- 
 monia with red muriate of iroh. {Ferri Suh- 
 earb. ^iij ; acid micriat. f. ^^x; ammon. muriat. 
 Mjss; aq. destiliat. Oiv. Mix the subcarbonate 
 ■wfith the acid in a glass vessel and digest for 
 two hours; then add the muriate^ prfiviously 
 dissolved in distilled water, and having, filtered 
 the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub to -pow- 
 der. — (Ph. U. S.) ). Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
 
 Feeetjm Ammoniacalb, F. ammoniatum — f. 
 Borussicum, Prussian blue — f. Carbonicum Sac- 
 charatum, Ferri protocarbonas — f. Cyanogena- 
 tum, Prussian blue — f. Hasmatites, Hjematites 
 — (. Magnes attractorium, Magnet. 
 Feeeum Oxyda'tdm Hydra'tum, Ferri Ox- 
 
 iduiii, Bydratitm <Ph. U. S.), Ferrugo, Sydras 
 Fer'ricus, Hydro-oxide of Iron, Hydraied Ox- 
 ide of Iron, Hydrated peroxide of Iron, Hy- 
 drated Tritoxide of Iron. It may be prepared 
 by taking a solution of sulphate of iron, in- 
 creasing its dose of oxygen iy heating it with 
 nitric acid, and precipitating the oxide by add- 
 ing pure ammonia in excess, washing the pre- 
 cipitate and keeping it moist. 
 
 The following is the formula adopted by the 
 Pharmacopceia of the United States, (1842,) 
 Ferri Sulph, §iv; acid, sulphuric, f. ^iiiss, lAq. 
 ammonia q. s., aqitse Oij. Dissolve the sul- 
 phate of iron in the water, and having added 
 the sulphuric acid, boil the solution : then add 
 the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the 
 liquid for a minute or two after each addition, 
 until the acid ceases to produce a dark colour. 
 Fiher the liquid, allow iti to cool, and add the 
 liquor ammonias in excess, stirring the mixture 
 briskly; wash the precipitate with water, until 
 the washings cease to yield a precipitate with 
 chloride of barium, and keep it close in bottles 
 with water sufficient to cover it. 
 
 It has been brought forward, of late, as an 
 antidote to arsenic ; and many cases' of its effi- 
 cacy have been published. 
 
 From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide 
 would seem to be more than sufficient to con- 
 vert 1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt 
 of iron. 
 
 Feerum Oxtbtjlatum Htprocyanicum, 
 Prussian blue — f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum — f. 
 Praecipitatum, Ferri subcarbonas. 
 
 Feerum Tartaeiza'tum, Tartras Potas'sx 
 et Ferri, Tfir'tarum Ferri, Ferri et Poiassa 
 Tartras, Tar'tarus ehalybea'tus, Mars solu'bi- 
 lis, Ta/rtraskdXieo fer'ricus, Chalybstartariza'- 
 tus, Tartarus m^artia'lis, Ferri potas-sio-tartras, 
 Tartras Petecs'sa ferrugino'sus, Ferrum potab'- 
 ile, Globus martia'lis, Glob'uti . Tar'tari tnar- 
 tia'les^seu martia'les solu'ti seu Tnartic^ti seu 
 tartra'tis ferri et lixiv'iae, Boli Martis, Pyri 
 martia'les, Tartarized Iron, Tartrate of Po- 
 tassa amd Iron, (F.), Tartrate de potasse et 
 de fer, Boule de Mars, Boule de Nancy, B. 
 ,de Molskeim, B.,d'Acier. (Ferri suicarb. ^iijj 
 Acid, muriat. f. §x ; Liquor PotassiB, Ovss; 
 Potass. Bitart. §vijss. Aqua destiliat. cong. 
 iss. Mix the subcarbonate of iron and the mu- 
 riatic acid, and digest for two hours ; pour the 
 solution into a gallon of the distilled water; set 
 aside for an hour, and pour off the supernatant 
 liquor. To this add the liquor potassae ; wash 
 the precipitate formed frequently with water, 
 and, while yet nioist, mix it with the bitartrate 
 of potassa and half a gallon of the distilled v?a- 
 ter. Keep the mixture at the temperature of 
 140° for 30 hours, frequently stirring ; filter the 
 solution, and evaporate by means of a water 
 bath, at the same temperature, to dryness. — 
 (Ph. U. S.) ) It is one of the mildest of the 
 salts of iron, and not unpalatable. Dose, gr. x. 
 to ,:5ss. 
 
 The Tinjstu'ra Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture 
 oflmdvdg; Al'cohol cum Sulphate Ferri tar- 
 tarisfi'tus ; Tinctura Martis Glaieljeri is, es- 
 sentially, a soltttion of this salt. It is also 
 called Eau de Boule, and is used in contu- 
 sions. 
 
 Helvetitcs's Styptic was composed of the 
 filings of iron and tartar, mixed to a proper 
 consistence with French brandy. It was called 
 
FERTILITY 
 
 358 
 
 FEVER 
 
 in England Baton^s Styptic,; but this is now 
 formed of Sulphate of Iron, 
 
 Ferrdm ViTRioL atum, Ferri sulphas — ^f . Vit- 
 riolatum ustum, Colcothar — f. Zooticum, Prus- 
 sian blue. 
 
 FERTILITY, Fecundity., , ' 
 
 FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint— f. Afri- 
 cana, Bubon galbanum — f. Asafcetida, see Asa- 
 foetida — f. Persiea, see Sagapenum. 
 ^FESSES, Nates. 
 
 FESSIER,G\\A^s\.—f. Grand, Glutaeus 
 maximus — ■/. Moyen, Glutaeus medius — •/. Pe- 
 tit, Glutaeus minimus. 
 
 FETID, Fa'tidus, Dyso'des, Caco'des, Bro- 
 mo'sus, Graveolens. Having a bad smell. 
 
 FETUS, Foetus. 
 
 FEU ACTUEL, Gauterium— /. Persique, 
 Herpes zoster, see Anthrax—/. Potential, see 
 Gauterium—/. Sacre, Erysipelas—/. St. An- 
 toiiie. Erysipelas—/. Sav/vage, Ignis sylvaticus 
 —f. Volage, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 FEXIX BE DENTS, Strophulus—/. Vola- 
 ges, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 F&VE, Vicia faba — /. de Carthagine, Ha- 
 billa de Garthagena— /. a Cochon., Hyoscya- 
 na^us— /. ipaisse, Sedum telephium^-/. des 
 Marais, Vicia faba — f. de Sainte Ignace, Ig- 
 natia amara— /. Purgatif, Ricinus communis. 
 
 FEVER, Febris, iiomferitas, ' wildness,' or 
 bom fervor, 'beat;' or fioxafehruo, 'I purify:' 
 Pyr, Pyr'etos, jiupsTos, (¥ .) Fi^vre. One of the 
 most frequent' and dangerous affections to which 
 the body is,liable. A person has an attack of 
 fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed 
 by increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, 
 and lassitude. Rigors, increased beat, and fre- 
 quency of pulse have each been assumed as the 
 essential character of fever. ' It is not charac- 
 terized, however, by any one, but depends upon 
 the coexistence of »so«y symptoms. Fevers 
 have been usually divided into' idiopatMe ai 
 essential, and into symptomatic. The idiopa- 
 thic arise without any obvious local cause. The 
 .symptomatic are dependent upon local irrita- 
 tion. Idiopathic fevers may be divided into 
 three classes: 1. Those attended with distinct 
 paroxysms: — intermittents. 2. Remittent and 
 continued fevers : and, ,3. Fevers, complicated 
 with eruptions, or the exanthematous. These 
 divisions admit of great variety^ owing to cli- 
 mate, season, soil, age, &c. All ages and cli- 
 mates are liable to fever ; and its exc jting causes 
 are very numerous. .These causes may be com- 
 mon; as irritations in the intestines; external 
 injuries, stimulants, &c.; or theymay he spe- 
 cific; as miasmata, contagion, &c. The great- 
 est diversity has prevailed regarding the theory 
 of fever. Its primary seat has been placed in 
 the brain, mucous membrane of the stomach 
 and intestines, skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, 
 vena cava, pancreas, &c. It would seem, 
 however, that although, in fever, the whole of 
 the functions are liiorbidljr impressed, the 
 arguments in favour of the impression being 
 first made on the nervous system and the 
 capillary system of Vessels are the strongest. 
 The excitirig cause of fever, whatever it may 
 be, produces an irregular action of the capillary 
 system, which is soon conveyed to the rest of 
 the system, owing to the extensive sympa- 
 thy which exists between every part of the 
 body; and it is probable, that all those local 
 inflammations and congestions are the con- 
 
 sequence, rather than the cause, of this disof- 
 dered condition of the systeni. The general 
 character of fever is clearly shown by exami- 
 nation of the bipod. When fever is devoid of 
 inflan^matory complication, the quantity of 
 fibrin is 4n no case augmented. It frequently 
 remains in "the healthy proportion, and at times 
 diminishes to an extent not met with in any 
 other acute disease. The alteration of the blood 
 in fevers, which consists gerjerally in a dimi- 
 nution of the fibrinous element, is the reverse 
 of what occurs in inflammation. 
 
 Mginy phenomena of fever are influenced>by 
 Vaa.1 periodicity , which we notice in the execu- 
 tion df several of the functions of the body. Th4 
 types of intermittents are strong evidences of 
 such an influence. 
 
 In the treatment of fever, it is important, L 
 To bear in mind its tendency^ particularly in 
 the case of the exanthemata, to run a definit* 
 course, and terminate in restoration to health. 
 2. The disposition to local determination or Ky- 
 persemias:-^the most frequent cause of the fatal 
 termination of fever; a circumstance requiring 
 the vigilant attention of the physician. 3. That 
 the symptoms must be attentively studied, in 
 order to deduce, as far as possible from them, 
 the indications of cure. Lastly, attention must 
 be paid to the prevalent epidemic. .There ate 
 particular seasons in which fevers are very ma- 
 lignant; and others in which they are as mild; 
 circumstances which necessarily have an effect 
 upon the treatment. 
 
 . Fever, AnE'iso-MENiNGE'AL, Feiris ade'no- 
 msningea,Febrismesenter'ica{'BAGrhiyi,)Morbut 
 m/uco*sus, Febris muco'sa; Mucous fever, Graatro- 
 duodenop' yra^-Pitv! itous Fever, Gatar'rhal Fe- 
 ver, PM'egmdp'yra, Phlegmop'yra,PhUgma- 
 top'yra, GaslrS'-Brmic^i'iis. Fever,' accompa- 
 nied With considerable mucous secretion; espe- 
 cially from the digestive tube. 
 . Fever, Adynam'ic, Febris adynam'ica,-,'As^ 
 thenicop'yra, Asthenicopy'retus^ Asthenop'yra, 
 Asthenopyr'etus'. Fever attended with great 
 prostration of the vital powers — as Typhoid and 
 Typhus fever. - ' 
 
 Eever, Algid, see Algidus; ,, 
 
 Fever, Anom'aj.ous, Febris anon'alus, F. 
 errat'ica, F* irregula'ris, F. vaga. A fever, 
 whose progress and type are irregular. 
 
 Fever, ApkoM'iCj Febris gpho'niea. A va- 
 riety of intermittent, in which the voice is lost 
 during the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Apoplec'tio, Febtis apoplee'tim, 
 Com'atose Fever, Febris comato'des, F. Lethar*- 
 gica, F. soporo'sa. An intermittent or con- 
 tinued fever, attended with apoplectic-'symp- 
 toms. 
 
 Fever, Articular Eruptive, Bengue — f. 
 Articular rheumatic, Dengue. 
 
 Fever, Artifjc"ial, Febris arMficia'lia, fi- 
 bris arts promo'ta. Fever produced designedly 
 by the internal or' external use of stimulants. 
 
 Fever, Astbem'ic, Febris asthen'ica. Fever 
 accompanied with debility. It may include 
 every variety of fever under certain circum- 
 stances, but is generally appropriated to typhus. 
 
 Fever, Asthmat'ic, Febris asthmaifica. A 
 pernicious intermittent, accompanied with 
 symptoms of asthma. 
 
 Fever, Ataxo-adyn am'io ; Febris atax'o-ady 
 nam'ica. Fever characterized by symptoms of 
 ataxia and adynamia. 
 
FEVER 
 
 3S9 
 
 FEVER 
 
 FeveBj Barcelona, Fevek, yellow — f. Bas- 
 tard, Illegitimate fever. 
 
 Fever, Bil'iobs, Febris Ulio'sc^, F. polychoV- 
 ioHf Syn'ockus hilio'&a^ F, aso'des, F, ckoleWiea^ 
 F. gas'trica, F. hepat'iea,Cholep'yr<f, Cholepyr'- 
 Mus, Hepatogastrochplo'sis, Fekris ehoUpyret'- 
 icd, Enterop'yra Hlio'ta, Choloze'mia febri'Us. 
 The common remittent fever of summer and 
 autumn ; generally supposed to be owing to, or 
 connected with, derangement of the biliary sys- 
 tem. ' . . 
 
 Fever, Bilious Remitting, Ysilow, Fever, 
 yellow— f. Bladdery, Pemphigus — f. Bouquet, 
 Dengue — f. Braih, F. cerebral, Phrenilis — f. 
 Brain, water. Hydrocephalus internus — f. 
 Bucket, Dengue — f. Bulam, F^ver, yellow-rf. 
 Camp, Typhus gravLor; , 
 
 Fever, Cakdial'gic, Febris tardial'gica. A 
 variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. 
 
 Fever, Cardit'ic. Jntermittent fever, ac- 
 eompanied with pain at the heart. 
 
 Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal. 
 .Fever, Cephalal'gio, Febris eephaiaVgiea. 
 tt, pernicious intermittent, accompanied with 
 intense pain of the head. Also, intermittent 
 cet>hala]gia. 
 
 Fever, Cer'ebIcal,- Broiw /«ti«r. Fever,, ge- 
 nerally of an ataxic character, in which the 
 brain is considerably .affected. 
 
 Fever, Childbed,^ Fever, puerperal. Puer- 
 peral Fever — f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis. 
 
 Fever, Chol'eric, Febris, choler'iea. A va- 
 riety- of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with symptoms of cholera morbus. 
 
 f^vER, CpoLERio, OP IijFANTS, Cholora in- 
 fantum. 
 
 Fever, Chronic, Febris ckron'ica. Some 
 authors apply this name to protraeted fevers ; 
 others to hectic fever. 
 
 Fever, Coli/IQ'ijative, Febris tab'ida, Febris 
 ettlliquati'va. Fever, characterized by rapid 
 etnaciatipn, copious evacuations, and rapid pros- 
 tration of strength. . 
 
 Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectici 
 
 Fever, Conges'tive, Febris eongesti'va. Fe- 
 ver accompanied by obscure symptoms ; or by 
 great oppression and depression ; in which it is 
 difficult — iind- often impossible-7-to induce reac- 
 tion. Congestive fevers occur in Various parts 
 ef this country, especially in the fall ; and they 
 are very common in' India. The term cpnges- 
 tive fever is often used in some parts of the 
 I south of the United States very indefinitely — 
 to include winter typhus and typhoid fevers, 
 typhoid pneumonia, as well as intermittents and 
 autumnal remittents.^— Dickson. 
 
 Fever, Continents see'Continent and Con- 
 tinued.fever — f. Continual, see Continued fever 
 — f. Continued, common, Synochus. 
 
 Fever, Convjjl'sive, Febris eonvulsi'va. A 
 pernicious intermittent, accompanied by con- 
 vulsions. , 
 
 Fever, Delir'ious, Febris mm delir'in, (F.) 
 Fivlre delirante. A pernicious intermittent, 
 characterized by delirium in the paroxysms. 
 
 Fever, Dep'uratort, Febris depnrato'ria. 
 A fever, to which was attributed the property of 
 purifying the blood ; or which indicated, that 
 such a supposed depuration had occurred. 
 
 Fever, Diaphoret'ic, Febris diaphoret'ica, 
 Febris sudato'ria. A pernicious intermittent, 
 with excessive sweating during the fit. 
 
 Fever, Diaet, Ephemera. ' 
 
 Fever, Diges'tive. The chilliness, followed 
 by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which 
 frequently acconrjpanies digestion. 
 
 Fever, Double, ( F. ) Fiivre double ou doulUt. 
 An intermittent, which has tWo paroxysms in a 
 given time, instead of one. 
 
 Fever,- BouBLE-QuARTAN. A fever, whose 
 paroxysms occur two days in succession, and 
 fail the third day f the first paroxysm resem- 
 bling the 4thi and the second the 5th. 
 
 Fever, Double-Quotidian. An intermit- 
 tent, whose paroxysms return twice every day 
 at corresponding hours. 
 
 Fever, Double-Tertian. An intermittent, 
 whose paroxysms return every day; the first 
 corresponding with the 3d, the second with the 
 4th, and so on. 
 
 Fever, Duodec"imane, Febris duodecima'na. 
 A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms 
 recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days. 
 
 Fever, Dynamic, Synocha— f. Endemial, 
 Remittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F. — L 
 Endemical, Remittent F. — f. Enteric, see Ty- 
 phus — f. Ephemeral, Ephemera. 
 
 FeveE;, Epilep'tic, Febris epilep'tiea A va- 
 riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
 with attacks of epilepsy. 
 
 Fever, EboT'ic, J^eAi-ii erot'ica, (V .) Fiivre 
 d'amour. A chronic fever, occasioned by un- 
 prppitious love. ' 
 
 Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive, 
 Exanthematica — f. Eruptive, articular. Dengue 
 — f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fever. 
 
 ■Fever, Gan'grenous, Fibris gangrano'des. 
 Fever^ accompanied "by gangrene of various 
 parts, and especially of the limbs and genitals. 
 S6nac describes an intermittent of this kind. 
 
 Fever, GastRal'pic. An intermittent ac- 
 companied with acute burning lacerating pain 
 at the stomach. 
 
 Fever, Gastric, Febris gas'trica, F. gas'- 
 tricabiUo'sa, Gas^ocholo'sis; Hepatogoistrocho- . 
 lo'si^, Stomach'ic Jever, Syn'ochus Bilio'sd. 
 A name, given by some to bilious fevir,-v/hitAi 
 has appeared to be dependent on an affee- 
 tion of the stomach. Also, called Menin'go- 
 gastric fever, Febris meningo-gas'trica^-Menin- 
 go-gastri'Hs, Harvest fever, (F.) Fievie de la 
 Moisson, F' Meningo-gastrique. 
 
 Fever,. Gastro-Adynam'ic, Febris gastro- 
 adynam'iea. A fever, in which the symptonjs 
 of bilious fever are joined with those of adyna- 
 mic fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Angioten'ic. A fever, in 
 which the symptoms of bilious are united with 
 those of inflammatory fever. 
 
 Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic. A fever, in which 
 the symptoms of bilious fever are iinited with 
 those' of ataxic fever. 
 
 Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow — f. Har- 
 vest, F. Gastric — f. Haemagastric, F. yellow. 
 
 Fever, HiEMOP'TOic, Febris Hcemopto'ica. A 
 variety of masked intermittent, in which peri- 
 odical haeifloptysis is the chief symptom. 
 
 Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus cesti'vus. Summer 
 Catarrh, Hay Astkma, Rose Catdrrh, Summer 
 Bronchi'tis . Acatarrh to which certain persona 
 are subject in summer, and which has been as- 
 cribed in England to the effluvium of hay, but 
 this is not the probable cause. It is a catarrh 
 with sneezing, headache, weeping, snuffling 
 
FEVER 
 
 360 
 
 FEVER 
 
 and cough, with, at times, fever and general 
 discomfort. It is not uncommon in this coun- 
 try . It disappears spontaneously, — to recur on 
 subsequent years' about the same period, i 
 
 Fevee, Heedom'adal. a supposititious fe- 
 ver, whose paroxysms return weekly, and on 
 the same day. , - 
 
 Feveb, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic 
 Fever. 
 
 Feveb,, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'sic. A perni- 
 cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right 
 hypocjjondrium. 
 
 Feveb, Hill. A modification of remittent, 
 occurring in the hilly districts of India. 
 
 Fbveb, Hospital, Typhus gravior. 
 
 Feveb, Hu'moeal, Febris humora'Us. Feyer, 
 in which an alteration or deterioration of the 
 humours is suspected. 
 
 Feveb, Hun'gaby, Febris Hungar'ica seu 
 Fannon'ica seu Morbus TJngar'icus, Cepha- 
 lon'osus. Vermis/ cer'ebri, (F.) Fievre Hongroise 
 ou de Hongrie. An epidemic, typhus, common 
 amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary. 
 
 Feveb, Hydbophob'ic, Febris hydrophob'iefl. 
 Pernicious intermittent with dread of liquids. 
 
 Feveb, Hysteb'ic, Febris hyster'ica. Hys- 
 teria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occur-, 
 ring with each paroxysm of intermittent. 
 
 Feveb, Iotebic, Febris icter'ica. Fever, ac- 
 companied by jaundice. Soihe intermittents 
 exhibit this complication at each paroxysm. 
 
 Feveb, In'fantile, Remit'tent, Febris iur 
 fan'tum remit'tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many). 
 Spurious worm fever^ Remittent fever of ehil- 
 dren^F.Tnuco'saverniino'sO'yHec'ticainfanti'lis, 
 Febri^ lenta. A fever occurring in childhood, 
 which often assumes many of the characters 
 of hydrocephalus. It appears generally to be 
 dependent upon a morbid condition of the sto- 
 mach and bowels. 
 
 Feveb, Inflammatoby, Synocha. ' 
 
 Feveb, Insid'iotjs. FeVer, which, at first, 
 seems devoid of danger, but subsequently be- 
 comes of a more or less malignant character. 
 
 Feveb, Intermittent, see Intermittent fever 
 — f. Jail, Typhus gravior — ^f. Jungle, see Jungle 
 fever — f. Lenticular, Miliary fever. 
 
 Feveb, Lo'chial, Febris loehia'lis. Thatac- 
 celeration of the circulation which sometimes 
 occurs during the discharge of the lochia. 
 
 Feveb, Ltjns, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
 
 Feveb, Malig'nant, Febris mcUig'na. Fever 
 which makes its approaches insidiously, and 
 subsequently becomes formidable. Any fever 
 which exhibits a very dangerous aspect. , 
 
 Feveb, Malig'nant, Typhus gravior — f^ Ma- 
 lignant pestilential, Fever, yellow — ^f. Marsh, 
 Elodes (febris.) i 
 
 Feveb, MAsiiBD, Febris larva'ta, (F.) Fiivre 
 larvee, Dead Ague, Dumb Ague. Anomalous 
 intermittent, the paroxysms of which have not 
 the regular stages. 
 
 Feveb, Menikgo-gastbio, Fever gastric. ' 
 
 Feveb, Mesenteb'io, Febris mesenter'ica. A 
 name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever 
 which appears to have belonged either to the 
 m/itcous or bilious. 
 
 Feveb, Milk, Febris lae'tea, (F.) Fievre de 
 lait ou laiteuse, F. Lactee; Galactap'yra, Ga- 
 lactoyijr'etiis . The fever, which precedes or 
 accompanies the secretion of milk in women re- 
 cently delivered. It comes on generally about 
 the third day after delivery, and is character- 
 
 ized by quick pulse J increased heat; redness of 
 face ; diminution or temporary suspension of the 
 lochial discharge; tumefaction and tension of 
 the breasts. It commonly terminates in twenty- 
 four hours, and often with profuse perspiration. 
 It requires the' use of antiphlogistiqsi with dry 
 diet. 
 
 Fever, Mi±ed, Synochns — ^f. Mucous, F. 
 adeno-meningeal. 
 
 Feveb Nep'hbit'io, Febris nephrit'ica. In- 
 termittent fever, -accompanied with nephritic 
 pain during the paroxysm. . , i 
 
 Feveb, Nebvous, Febris nervo'sa seu neuro'- 
 des, Febris lenta nervo'sa^ Neutop'yra, Neu- 
 ropyr'etus. A variety of Typhus ; the Typhus 
 mitior of CuUen. By many, however, it is 
 esteemed a distinct disease; See Typhoid fe- 
 ver. 
 
 Fever, KTervo'cs, with EXANTHEJtATora 
 Ebuptiok, Typhus. 
 
 Fevee^ Non'ane, Febris tiona'na, A suppo- 
 sititious fever, whose paroxysms recur every 
 ninth day, or every eight days. 
 , Fever, Oc'tane, febris oeta'na. An inter- 
 mittent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth 
 day. 
 
 Fever,' Paludal, Intermittent — ^f. Paroxys- 
 mal, Remittent fever — f . Periodic, Intermittent. 
 
 Fevj;e, Pebiod'ical, Febris period'iea. An 
 intSrmittent or remittent .fever. 
 
 Feveb Pe5?.nic'''ipus, Febris pernieio'sa. In- 
 termittent fever, when attended with great 
 danger, and which destrcjys the majprity of 
 those afiected by it in the first four or fire pa- 
 roxysms ; sometimes in the very first. 
 
 Feveb, Pestilen'ti al, Febris- pestilentia'lis. 
 The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus. 
 The yellow fever and sweating sickness have, 
 likewise, been thus designated. 
 
 Fever, Pituitousj F. adenp-ffieningealf ,. 
 
 Feveb, Pleubit'ic. An intermittent or re- 
 mittent, accompanied with inflamniiation of the 
 pleura. 
 
 Fever, Pneumoh'ic, Febris pneumonJica, aB 
 intermittent, 'accompanied with inflammation 
 of the lungs. Also, pneumonia. i 
 
 Fever, Pueb'jbbal,- Febris puerpera'lii, 
 Childbed fever, (F.) Fiivre puerpirale. This 
 name has been ' given to several acute diseases, 
 supervening after ' delivery . It means, gene- 
 rally, a malignant variety of peritonitisj which 
 runs its course 'very raipidly, and passes into a 
 typhoid condition, unless met, at the very 
 onset, by the most active depleting measures. 
 •By the generality of practitioners, it is esteemed 
 to be eminently contagious,! ,some, however, 
 deny that it is so. See Peritonitis, and Puer- 
 peral fever. 
 
 Feveb, Puebpebal Adynamic or Malis- 
 ,NANT, see Peritonitis. 
 
 Feveb, Puking, Milk sickness. 
 
 Feveb, Pu'rulent, Febris purulenlta,. Fe- 
 ver, which accompanies suppuration. 
 
 Fever, Putrid, TyjAius gravior. 
 
 Feveb, Quintan, feirsj quinta'na. 'A fever, 
 whose paroxysms return every fifth day. It 
 is seen rarely, if ever. 
 
 Fever, Quotidian, see Quotidian — f. Red 
 Tongue, see Typhus. 
 
 t'EVEB, Rsg'ulae, Feiris regula'ria seu ««- 
 quisi'ta. An intermittent whose paroxysms 
 follow a determinate type. It is opposed to 
 Sometimes opposed to anomalous. 
 
FEVER 
 
 361 
 
 FEVERISHNESS 
 
 Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever — f. 
 Remittent, infantile, see Fever, infantile remit- 
 tent — f. Remittent of children, F. infantile re- 
 mittent — f. Rheumatic, Rheumatism, acute— ^f. 
 Root, Triosteum perfoliatum. 
 
 Feveb, SocrtiBTj'Tic, Febris scorlutiea. The 
 febrile movement, v\rhicK sometimes accompa- 
 nies scorbutus pr scurvy. 
 
 Fevee, Seo'ondary. a febrile conditiop, 
 which reeurs in certain affections after having 
 ceased J 'such as the ■Secondary, fever, -vyhich 
 comes on at the time of the maturation of the 
 variolous pustules, or as the eruption of scar- 
 latina, &c., disappears. ' ' . 
 
 Fevee, Septan, Febris eepta'na. An inter- 
 inittent, whose paroxysms recur every six days, 
 and consequently on the seventh. 
 
 Feveej Sextan, Febris sexta'na. A feVer, 
 which recurs every five days, and consequently 
 on the sixth. 
 
 Fevee, Simple, Febris simplex. Simple fe- 
 ver is that which has no predominant charac- 
 ter — bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and 
 which is unaccompanied by any local determi- 
 nation, hypersBmia, or complication. It may 
 be continued, remittent, or intermittent. 
 
 •Fever, Simple Continued. This is the 
 most favourable form of continued fever, and 
 has a tendency to wear itself out, provided only 
 the Isedentia be avbided. The prognosis is 
 consequently ^vourable, and the treatment 
 simple; consisting in perfect repose of body and 
 mind, abstinence, arid relieving the thirst by 
 cold drinks. 
 
 Fevee, Singul'tods, Febris singulto'sa sen 
 lygmo'des sen lyngo'des. Fever, accomjiaEied 
 with singultus or hiccough. ■ 
 Fever, Spotted, Typhus gravior. 
 Fever, Stee'cOral, Febris stercora'lis. Fe- 
 ver, produced by an accumulation df fasces in 
 the intestines. 
 Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever. 
 FivER, Strangers'. Yellow, or remittent 
 fever, which is endemic in certain places, and 
 to which strangers are especially liable. 
 
 Fever, Stjbcontinual,- Remittent Fever. 
 _ Fever, StasiNTRANT, Febris subin'lraiis. An 
 intermittfent, in whiph one paroxysm is scarcely 
 finished before the other ,begins. 
 Fever, SweatincS, Sudor Anglicus. 
 Fever, Stn'oopal, Febris syneopa'lis, F. mi- 
 nu'ta, (F.) Fiivre syncopate. A variety of 
 pernicious intermittent, in vvhich there is, in 
 every paroxysm, one or more faintings. 
 'Fever, SynochpId, Synochus. 
 Fever, Syphilit'ig, Feins syphilit'ica. Fe- 
 ver, accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be 
 owing to a syphilitic taint. 
 
 Fever, Ter'tian-, Febris tertia'na. Aiever, 
 whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and 
 consequently every two days. 
 
 Fever, Trag"ic, Febris Trag"iea. A low 
 fever, in which the patient declaims lite an ac-" 
 tor during the deliriiim. 
 
 F^Ver, Traumat'ic, Febris traumat'iea. The 
 fever, which supervenes on wounds or great 
 surgical operations. 
 
 Fever, Typhoid, see Typhus — f. Typhoid 
 of India, Cholera — f. Typhous, Typhus. 
 
 Fever, Ver'minoiis, Febris vermino'sgi, Hel- 
 minthop'yra, worm fever. Fever, produced by, 
 the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or 
 accompanied by their expulsion. 
 24 
 
 Fever, Vernal, Febris verna'lis. An inter- 
 mittent or other fever occurring in the spring. 
 Vernal intermittents were formerly considered 
 salubrious. 
 
 *' An ague in the spring 
 Is pbysic for a king." 
 
 Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus. 
 Fever, WALicHEREN,' Gall-siehiess . The 
 remittents and intermittents to which the Bri- 
 tish troops were exposed, who were attached to 
 the expedition to Walcheren, in 1809. 
 
 Fever, Water Brajn, Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus — f. Winter, see Tongue, black — f. Worm, 
 Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious. Fever, infan- 
 tile remittent. 
 
 Fever, Yellow, Febris -flmia, F. seu Pestis 
 America'na, Cholo'sis America'na, Ochrotyphus, 
 Loimocholo'sis, F.fflaxa Americtmo'rum, Pesti- 
 len'tiahtBmagas'trica, Pestis occidenta'lis seu iw- 
 tertrop'icay Votn'itus niger^ Epan'etus rnxdignus 
 Jlavus, Remitt'ens ictero'des, Tritapoph'ya Afifieri- 
 ca'nay Typhv-s ictero'des^ F. trop'icus^ F, da'ntin'- 
 ua pu'tridd ictero'des Carolini'ensiS) F. Elo'~ 
 des ictero^des, Febris malig'na bilio'sa Amer'ictEy 
 ■Ochrop'yra, Syn'ochus ictero'des^ Fievre niate- 
 lotej Febri'S malig'fia Jiava In'ditz Occidenta'lis^ 
 Ende'mial Causus of the West Indies, Causus 
 trop'icus endem'ieuSj Bilious remitting yellow 
 fever. Malignant pestilen'tial feiier, Fiivre 
 jaune d'Ameri^iie, Fiivre gastro-adynamiique, 
 Typhus Tniasmatique ataxique putiride jaune, 
 T. jaune, Vomito prieto, VtmiH'o negrd,^J^aide 
 Siami, Fievi-e de Id Sarbade, F. de Siam, F. le- 
 terique, F. Gastro-hepatique, Hasmagas'tric Fe- 
 ver OT Pes'filence, Black vomit, Febris tox'ica, 
 Febris trop'ica, Typhus d'Ameriquej Bulam 
 Fever, Gibraltar Fever, Barcelona Fever. A 
 very acute and dangerous febrile affection; so 
 called, because complicated, in its second stage, 
 with jaundice, and accompanied by vomiting of 
 black matter. Sauvages, CuUen, and ' others 
 regard it as a variety of typhus ; and Pinel as a 
 species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid 
 fever. It occurs, epdemically, only within the 
 tropics; but it has'bsen met with epidemically 
 in the. temperate re^ons. B_roussais regards 
 the disease as gastro-enteritis, exasperated by 
 atmospheric heat;, so that it runs through its 
 stages with much greater rapidity than the gas- 
 tro-fenteritis of our climates. The yellow co- 
 lour of the skin, according to him, is owipg to 
 the inflamriiation of the small inteptine,-^and 
 especially of the 'duodenum, — augmenting the 
 secretion of the liver, and at the same time 
 preventing its discharge into the duodenum. 
 The pathology of this affection, as well as its 
 origin, is still unsettled; The treatment must 
 generally be of the most active nature at the 
 onset; consisting in bleeding largely, Sind exhi- 
 biting mercury so as to excite a new action, if 
 possible ; — the other symptoms being combated 
 according to gMieral principles. It must vary, 
 however, accoi'ding tb the epidemic. 
 FEVERBUSH, Lauras benzoin, Prinos. 
 FEVERFEW, Matricaria. 
 FE'VERISH, FeVriens, Febrico'sus. (F^) 
 Fiivreux; from febris, 'fever.' That wliich 
 causes fever, as feverish food, feverish diathe- 
 sis, &c. Also, the state of one lal^onring under 
 fever. 
 
 FE'VERISHNESS,i?e}rjCTVa«o. The state 
 of having fever. A slight febrile disorder. 
 
FEVERROOT 
 
 363 
 
 FICUS 
 
 FEVERROOT, Pterospora andromedea. 
 
 FEVERTREE, Pinckneya putens. 
 
 FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin. 
 
 FEVERWORT, Enpatorium perfoliatum, 
 Triosteum. 
 
 FIBER, Castor fiber, ' ' - 
 
 FIBRA, Fibre — f. Aurea, Coptis — ^f. Sangui- 
 nis, Fibrin. ■ 
 
 FIBRE, Fibra, Is, Ctedon, Filvm: An or- 
 ganic filament, of a solid consistence, and more 
 or less extensible, which enters into the com- 
 position of every animal and vegetable texture. 
 The simple or elementary fibre of the ancients, 
 from a particular assemblage and arrangement 
 of vyhich every textrre of the body was con- 
 ceived to be constituted, seems entirely ideal. 
 The moderns usually admit, with Haller and 
 Blumenbach* three elementary fibtes or tissues. 
 1. The cellular or laminated, formed chiefly of 
 thin plates, of a whitish colour and extensile, 
 which seems to consist of concrete gelatin. 2. 
 The nervous, pulpy-, or med'ullaryi,- fornied of 
 a soft substance, contained in a cellular sheath, 
 and consisting of albumen united to a fatty 
 matter. 3. The muscular, composed of round 
 filaments, of a grayish or reddish colour, and 
 formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added to these 
 the albugineous fibre, but it seems to diffej: 
 from thef cellular fibre only in, greater, conden- 
 sation of the molecules. 
 
 A very small or ultimate fibre : is called a 
 Fibril, Fibril'la, ", ; 
 
 FiBKE, Albugineous, see Albuginea. , 
 
 FIBRES, REMAK. , Fibres described by 
 Remak as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, 
 but which Valentin considers to be neurilemma, 
 and to consist of fibro-cellular bundles. 
 
 FIBRIL, see Fibre. 
 
 FIBRILLA, Fibril. ' 
 
 FIBRIN or FiVrin, Fibrine, Fibrii-na, Fi- 
 bri'ne,Fibra san'guinis, Mate'riafibro' sa, Lym- 
 pha plas'tica.. An immediate animal principle 
 — solid, white, and inodorous ; insipid ; heavier 
 than water; without action on the vegetable 
 blues: elastic, when moist; hard and; brittle 
 when dry. . It enters into the co^iposition of 
 the chyle and the blood, and forms the chief 
 part of the muscles of red-blooded animals. In 
 certain diseased actions, Fibrin or Coagulable 
 lymph, gluten, is separated from the blood, and 
 is found in considerable quantity on {he sur- 
 faces of membranes, and in the cavities of the 
 body. Fibrin is likewise a proximate princi- 
 ple of vegetables, and differs but little in che- 
 mical composition from animal fibrin ; nor does 
 it differ much from albumen and casein. It is, 
 however, more organizable than either. Albu- 
 men, indeed, possesses no plastic powers ; but 
 it appears to be converted into fibrin; which ac- 
 quires such powers by some peculiar action of 
 the living tissue. 
 
 Fibrin is very nutritious. 
 
 FIB'RINOUS.JEVAn'Mo'iMi. That which is com- 
 posed of fibrin, or has the appeairance of fibrin. 
 
 F I B R -C AR'TILAGE, Fib'ro-cartila'go. 
 An organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the 
 fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is 
 dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexi- 
 ble. Fibfo-cartilages are distihguished into, — 
 1. Membraniform, or those which serve as 
 irioulds to certain parts, as the alae nasi and 
 eyelids. 2. Vaginiform, or those which form 
 sheaths for the sliding of tendons. 3. Interar- 
 
 ticalar, those which are met with in the move- 
 able articulations. 4. Uniting, (F .) Fibro-car- 
 tilages d'union, which form a junction between 
 two bones, as the symphysis pubis. Fibro- 
 cartilages are sometimes, formed adventitiously, 
 as the result of a morbid process in different 
 organs. 
 
 Fibro-Caetilages, Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
 
 FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sus. Possess- 
 ing the nature of fibrous and of mucous mem- 
 branes. A term applied to fibrous membranes, 
 which are intimately united with other mem- 
 branes of a ihucous nature, as the pituitary 
 membr/ine, the membrane ofthf, urethra, &c. 
 . FIBRO-SEROX7S,,i5V4ro-«er(('«^i. Possess- 
 ing the nature of fibrous and serous membranes. 
 Membranes., composed of a fibrous, and a se- 
 rous sheet, intimately united: — as the Dura Ma- 
 ter j Pericardium, Tunica albuginea testis, &c. 
 . FI'BROUS, Fitro'sus. Composed p^ fibres. 
 Certain menibranes, as the dura mater, perios- 
 teum, ligamentous capsules of the joints, &c. 
 are fibrous. The fibrous systefm of Bichat in- 
 cludes the system of organs /ornsed ;by the al- 
 bugineous fibre of Chaussier. It comprises, 
 particularly, the periosteum and p&icKondrium; 
 the articular capsules and ligaments; the- ten- 
 dons ; the dura mater, pericardium, tunica scle- 
 rotica, tunica albuginea testis, outer membrane 
 of the- spleen, &c. Under simple fibrous tis- 
 sues, certain writers have classed Hie white and 
 ydloio fibroMs tissues; and areolar tissue, Poth 
 the yellow and the white may be detected in 
 the areolar tissue. The wAi*« is said to ejist 
 alone in ligaments, tendons, fibrous membranes, 
 aponeuroses, &c. The yellow exists separately 
 in the middle coat of the arteries, the chordse 
 vocales, ligamentum nijchae of quadrupeds, &c. 
 It differs from the white in possessing a high 
 degree of elasticity. 
 
 Fibrous Matter op the Brainj see Cere- 
 brum — f. Membranes,seeMembraiies,flbrou3. 
 
 FIB'IHjA, Cruris ra'dius, Camta minor, Os 
 pe/dnl, Perone'um,Foc"ileminus, Surd,Anm'- 
 do minor, Fist'ula Cruris, Tib'ia min'iim, Os 
 tib'ise minus, ' a clasp.' The splinter bonn of 
 the leg. (T.)Perone. The long, small bone, 
 situate at the outer part of the leg. The supe- 
 rior or tibial extremity of the fibula is rounded 
 and forms the caput or head. It is articulated 
 with the tibia. Its inferior or tarsal extremity 
 is broader than the superior. It is articulated 
 with the tibia and astragalus, and forms the 
 malleolus externus or a^ter an/cle by ineans of 
 its coron^id process. The body of the bone 
 has three faces, having more or less prominent 
 edges. It is separated from, the tibia by the 
 interosseous space, and is developed by three 
 points of ossification ; one at the -body, and one 
 at each extremity. It prevents the foot from 
 turning outwards. 
 
 FIBULAR, Peroneal. 
 
 FIBULATIO, Infibulatio. 
 
 FIO, Ficus. 
 
 FICAIRE, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 FICARIA,,Scrophularia aquatica— f. Raniin- 
 culoides; Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 FICATIO, Ficus. 
 
 FICOSA EMINENTIA, Ficus. 
 
 FICUS, Syce, Sy'cea, Sycum, Syco'sis, Sy- 
 co'ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fico'sa ««>«- 
 nen'tia, Maria'ca, (F.) Fie. A fleshy excres- 
 cence, often soft and reddish, sometimes hard 
 
FIDGETS 
 
 363 
 
 FIMBRIA CARNOSiE COLI 
 
 and spiirhous, hanging by a peduncle, pr formed 
 like a fig; occurring on the eyelids, chin, 
 tongue, anus,' or organs of generation. The fici 
 seated on the last mentioned parts are gene- 
 rally of a syphilitic character. 
 Fious, F. Carica. 
 
 Fictfs Car'ica. The systematic name of the 
 fig tree. (F.) Figuier. Carica, Fi<ms,Ficus 
 vulga'ria, Ficus mmmu'nia, Syol, oujuj; (F.) 
 Figue: the fig— KcMi, (Ph. U. S.)— is a plea- 
 sant fruit when' ripe: as well as when dried in 
 the state in which it is found in the shops. It 
 is used, at times, in place 6f a cataplasm-, espe- 
 cially in gUm hoils. 
 
 Ficus Indie Ge'ama, Coccus cacti— f. Indica, 
 Muea paradisiaca, see Caoutchouc and Lacca — 
 f. Beligiosa, see Lacca. 
 
 FIDGETS. Of doubtful etymology. Dys- 
 pkor'ia simphxy D. netvo'sa, Frethis'mus sint- 
 plex, Tituia'tid, (F.) Fretillement^ General 
 restlessness and troublesome Uneasiness of the 
 nerves and muscles ; with increased sensibility, 
 and inability of -fixing the attention, accom- 
 panied with a perpetual desire of changing the 
 position. See Agacement des Nerfs. 
 FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus. 
 FIEL, Bile'. 
 
 FIELDWEED, Anthemis cotula, Erigeron 
 Philadelphicum. >~ ' 
 
 "FlkVRB, Fever—/. ^Acees, Intermittent 
 fever — ■/. Adynamigue, Typhus—/. Algide, see 
 Algidus^-/. d' Amour, Fever, erotic — f. Angiio- 
 terdqvs, Synocha — /■ Asinuelle, see Annual Dis- 
 eases—/. Ardent, Ardent fever, Synocha-^/. 
 Ataxique, Typhus — /. de la Barbade, Fevftr, 
 yellow— f.,Bulleuse, Pemphigus—/, des Camps, 
 Typhys gravior^/. Cdtarrhah, Catarrh — f. 
 CtitarrhalB r epide^ique, ' Influenza — f'^ Cere- 
 brate, Cerebral fever-r/. Cerebrate des Enfans, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — /. Cholerique, Cho- 
 leric fever — /. de Cmisomption, see Con- 
 sumption — /. Centinerite inflammiatoire^ Syno- 
 cha— /. DeUrante, Fever, delirious—/. Double, 
 Fever, double—-/. Doublee, Fever, double — /. 
 £;t*«Vo-»ei6Mtc'rijMe, Typhoid fever:— /.^Sijae, 
 Hectic fever — /. , Gastro-adynamique, Fever, 
 yellow — f. Gastroj-hejpatique, Fever, yellow — 
 /'. Heetique, Hectic fever — ■/. de Kongrie, Fe- 
 ver, Hungaric — /. d'SCSpitat, Typhus gravior— 
 /. leteriqzte. Fever, yellow — f.Infiammatoire, 
 Syiiocha — /. Intermittente, Intermittent fever 
 — /. Irritative, Synocha — /. Jaurie d'Amerique, 
 Feveij yellow — ■/. Lactee, Fever, milk—/, de 
 Lait,, Fever, milk — f. Laiteuse, Fever, milk — 
 /. Larvie, Fever, masked — f. Lenticulaire, Ty- 
 ■phiis gravior—/. du Levant, Plague-r/. des 
 Marais, Intermittent Fever— /. JVfate/ote, Fe- 
 ver, yellow—/. Meningo-gastrique, Fever, gas- 
 tric — f. Mesenterique, see Typhus—/, de la 
 Moisson, Fever, gastric — •/. Morbille-me, Ru- 
 beola — /. Nerveuse, Typhus mitior— /. Noso- 
 cormate. Typhus gravior—/. Ortiee, Urticaria 
 — /. Osekamte, Oscitant feVer— /. JPefioMque, 
 Intermittent fever — /. Firipnewijwnique, Pneu- 
 monia — /. Pernicieuse dilirante, see Delirious 
 j /. Pleuretiqu.e, Pleurisy — /. des Prisons, Typhus 
 gravior — f,Pneumvnigue,Pne\imom!i — f.Pour- 
 pree. Scarlatina—/. Ptierperale, Fever, puerpe- 
 ral,see Peritonitis — /. Quarte, Quartan—/. Quo- 
 tidienne. Quotidian — f. Remittente, Remittent 
 fever — /. Rhwmatismale, Rheumatism, acute — 
 /. Rouge, Roseolae, Scarlatina — f. Sanguine, 
 Sy nochar-/. Semitierce, Hemitritsea— /.^e Siam, 
 
 Fever, yellow^-/. Suante, Sudor Picardicus — 
 /. Syncopate, see Fever syncopal, and Synco- 
 pal — ■/. Tierce, Tertian fever — /. Typhoide, 
 see Typhus—/. Vesiculaire, Pemphigus. 
 
 FI&VREUX, Feverish. 
 
 FIG, INDIAN, Cactus opuntia, 
 
 FIGUE, see Ficus, carica, 
 
 FIGUIER, Ficus carica—/. d'lnde, Cactus 
 opuntia. 
 ' FIGURATIO, Imagination. 
 
 FIGURE, Countenance. 
 
 FIGXIRi, (F.) An epithet for a compres- 
 sive bandage, applied over the head after bleed- 
 ing from the frontal vein. It has also been 
 called bandage royal, 
 
 FIGWORT, Scrophularia nodosa— f.. Water, 
 greater, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 FILACEOUS, Filamentous. ' 
 
 FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tum, from/- 
 lum, '3. thread.' This word is used synony- 
 mously y/ith fibril; thus, we say, a, nervous or 
 cellular filament or fibril. Also, the glairy, 
 thread-like substance, whichforms.in the urine 
 in some diseases, and which depends on a parti- 
 cular secretion from the mucous' membrane of 
 the urinary passages. i 
 
 Fll,AMEN'TO\}&,Filamento'sus. Filaceous; 
 threadlike ; filiform. Containing threadlike sub- 
 stances, as the Tunica filamento'sa or Decidua: 
 ■'-'Filamentous urine ; urine containing thread- 
 like substances. 
 
 FILAMENTUM, Frsnum. - 
 
 FILARIA HOMINIS BRONCHIALIS, see 
 WOrms-^f. Medinensis, Dracunculus — f. OcuU, 
 see Worms. 
 
 FILBERT, Corylus avelkna. 
 
 FILELLUM, Frsnum. 
 
 FILET {DE LA LANGXTE,) Frasnum— /. 
 de la Verge f FrSnnm penis^— /. Operation du, 
 see Frjenum. ' ' 
 
 FILETUM, Frsenum. linguae. 
 
 FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 FILTFORM, Filiform'is, from filum, 'a 
 thread,' and /orma, ^ form;' having the shape of 
 a thread ; as the filiform papillss of the tongue. 
 See PapillEB. 
 
 FILING, Limatio. 
 
 FILIPENDUL A,. Spiraea filipendnla. 
 
 FILIUS ANTE PATREM, Tussilagsv 
 
 FILiX FCEMINEA, Pteris aquilina—f. Flo- 
 rida, Osmunda regalis — ^f. Mas, Polypodium filix 
 mas — f. Njrmphaea, Pteris aquilina--f . Veaeris, 
 Adiantum pedatum. 
 
 FILLE, Girl. 
 
 FILLET, Fascia. 
 
 FILTRA'TION, Filtra'tio, Pereola'Ho, K'tki- 
 Hs, Ethis'mus. A pharmaceutical operation, 
 which consists in passing a fluid through aifilter 
 or strainer, for the.purpose of clarifying it. In 
 ancient physiology, it meant the action by which 
 the different humours of the body are separated 
 fr6m the mass of the blood. 
 
 FILTRUM. A. filter. Any porous material; 
 such as sand, some kinds of freestone, powdered 
 charcocfl, pounded glass, flannel, unsized ^oper, 
 &c., through which a fluid is passed for the 
 purpose of' separating it from the matters sus- 
 pended in it. 
 
 FILUM,' Filament— :f. Tsniaforme, Tseniola. 
 
 FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma. A band; a fringe; 
 as the fimbria or fimbriated estremity of the 
 Fallopian tube. 
 
 FIMBRIAE CARNOSiE COLI, Epiploic ap- 
 
riMUS 
 
 364 
 
 FISTULA 
 
 pendages — ^f. Tutarum Fallopii, see Tube, Fal- 
 lopian. 
 
 FVi/ll!S,Bor'borus, Onthua,Stercus. Dung: 
 excrement. 
 
 FiMus sen Steecus Ah'seris, G-oose-:dungj 
 was applied aS a poultice to the feet iii malig- 
 nant fe\-er. See Chenocoprus. , 
 
 FiMXjs Equi'mus, Stercus equinon castra'ti. 
 Stone horse-dungi was once thought anti-^jleu- 
 ritic. ^ 
 
 FiMus Vacc;e, Cow-dung, was einployed as 
 a cataplasm, especially in gout. 
 
 FINCKLE, Anethum. , f 
 
 . FINGER, Digitus— f. Ring, Annular finger 
 — f. Stall, Digitale. 
 
 FINIS ASPERjE ARTERI^, L'afynx. 
 
 FIOLE, Phiala. 
 
 Fire, Persian, Anthraclon— f. St. An- 
 thony's, Erysipelas — f. Weed, Senecio. 
 
 EIRE-DAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted. ^ 
 
 FIRING, Cauterization. ~ , 
 
 FIR, SCOTCH, Pinus sylvestris— f. Spruce, 
 iNorway, Pinus abies — f. Tree, silver, Euro- 
 pean, Pinus picea' — f. Yew-leaved, Pinus abies. 
 
 FIR^MOSS,'UPRIGHT, Lycopodium selago. 
 
 FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis. 
 
 TISH-TONGUE. An instrumeiit^r-so called 
 from its shape — used by some dentists for the 
 removal of the dpntes sapientiae. . 
 
 FISSICULA'TIO, from fissiculare, 'to cut 
 oflf,' ' open,' ' make incisions.' An old word for 
 an opening made with a scalpel. 
 
 FISSIPAROUS, see Generatlpn. 
 
 FISSURA, Fissure— f. Capillorum, Distrix 
 — f. Contrajacens, ' Contra-fissura— 'f. Magna 
 vulvae, see Rima— f. Pilaris, TricljismUs. ' 
 
 FISSURE, Fissu'ra, Schisma, SHssu'ra, 
 Rhege, Bhegma, Rhegmus, from finiere, 'to 
 cleave;' a long and narrow cleft or opening in 
 a bone — RhtigS) g*yi?, Ceasrtia, itian-fjia, • (F.) 
 Fissure, Ferite. 
 
 Fissure has ^various acceptations. 1. A frac- 
 ture, Catag'ma fissu'ra, in which the bone is 
 cracked, not separated, as in fracture. 3. A nar- 
 row, long, and superficial solution of continuity, 
 around the external openings of the mucous 
 membranes. A sort of chap, observed on the 
 hands, particularly on the cajlous hands, of 
 workmen, in certain mechanical employme^its. 
 3. Small, chapped ulcerations,' sometimes no- 
 ticed in^oung children, owing to the contact of 
 the faeces and urine with the fine delicate sjcin 
 of the thighs, nates, and genital organs. 4. 
 Clefts of a more or less deep nature, occurring 
 on the genital organs in the vicinity of the anus; 
 in those labouring under syphilis. These are 
 usually called rhagades. 
 
 Fissure, Gapillart, see Pilatio. 
 
 Fissure, Central. The aggregate of the ca- 
 vities or ventricles of the brain. Meckel consi- 
 ders this but one cavity in the forifi of a cross. 
 
 Fissure of Glaser, Fissure, glenoid — f. of 
 Glaserius, f. Glenoid. 
 
 Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Gldser or G-la- 
 se'rius, (F.) Fissure ou Scissure de Glaser, 
 Fente glenoidale ou Felurede Glaser, divides the 
 glenoid cavity of the temporalbohe into two parts, 
 .and gives passage to the chorda tympani, &c. 
 
 Fissure, Infraorbitae, Suborb^tar fissure — 
 f. Orbitair, see Orbitar fissure — f. Orbitary infe- 
 rior, Spheno-maxillary fissure — f. Orbitar, su- 
 perior. Sphenoidal Fissure. 
 Fissure of Rolan'do. A transverse fissure 
 
 placed between two superior cerebral convolu- 
 tions, which are met with- above the fissure of 
 Sylvius: 
 
 Fissure,- Semilu'nar. A notch at the ante- 
 rior edge of the cerebellum, where, it receives 
 fibres which connect it to the cerebellum and 
 niesocephalon. 
 
 Fissure of SYi/TnVs,Fissu'ra vel Fossa Mag- 
 na' Syl'vii. I A deep, -narrow sulcus, which 
 ascends obliquely backwards from the temporal 
 ala of the sphenoid bone near to.the middle of 
 the parietal bone; and which parts the anterior 
 and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 
 
 Fissure of Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth. 
 
 FIS'TULA, Syrinx, Syrin'ga, Aulas — when 
 of a small size, Aulis'cos. A' solution of con- 
 tinuity, of greater or lesfedept-h,> and sinuosity; 
 the opening of which is narrow, and the disease 
 kept up by an altered texture of parts, so that 
 it is not disposed to heal. A fistula is incom- 
 plete o^ Hind, when it has but oiie opening ; and 
 complete wh6n there are two, the one commu- 
 nicating with an internal cavity, the other ei- 
 ternally . It is lined, in its wholp course, by a 
 membrane, which seems aiiailogous to miicous 
 membranes. Incam/plete Jistulijs may be inter- 
 nal or external. The formerare those which 
 open internally; ^the latter those which open 
 externally. ^ External incomplete fistula are 
 kept, up by caries or necrosis of bones, by ex- 
 traneous bodies in any of 'the living textures, 
 or by purulent cavities, the walls of which have 
 not become united., Intern,al incomplete fistula 
 generally- Soon become complete, since the dis- 
 charge that escapes from them into the cavities 
 into v?hich they open, has a constant tendency to 
 make its way outwardly, and soon occasions 
 ulceration of the integuments. Fistulae have 
 received diflFerent nataes according to the dis- 
 charge which they afford, and the organs in which 
 theyare seated, — as lachrymal,liiliary, salivary, 
 synovial,urinary^Fis^tula uri'nce,U'rias. The 
 great object of treatment, in fistulous sores, is 
 to bring on an altered condition, of the parietes 
 of the canal, by astringent or stimulating in- 
 jections, caustics, the knife, pressure, &c. 
 Those which are dependent on diseased bone, 
 cartilage, tendon," &c., do not heal until after 
 the e-xfoliation of the diseased part. Fistula 
 of excretory ducts arfe produced either by an 
 injury of the duct itself or by the retention and 
 accumulation of the fluids to which they have 
 to give passage. Thus, Fis'tula lachryma'lis, 
 Dacryosyr'inx, Emphrag'ma lachryma'le, Hy- 
 drops sacci laphryma'lisy Dropsy' of the lachry- 
 mal sac, commonly proceeds from the oblitera- 
 tion of the nasal duct, or froni atony of the la- 
 chrymal sac ; which circumstances prevent the 
 tears from passing into.the nostrils. 
 
 Fistula in Ano, Arehosyr'inx, generally oc- 
 c)irs from some mechanical pressure or impedi- 
 ment. The principal indication in the treat- 
 ment of these fistulas of the'excretdry canals 
 being to put a stop to the constant discharge of 
 the secretions, &c., through the preternatural 
 channel, the fistulous passage is at times laid 
 open, and a communication established with the 
 natural excretory canal; at othel's, strong pres- 
 sure is employed to procure its obliteration. 
 
 Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube— f. 
 Cibalis, (Esophagus — f. Cruris, Fibula— f. Du- 
 rs matris. Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lachry- 
 malis, see Fistula — f. Nervorum, Neurilemma— 
 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES 
 
 365 
 
 FLEXOR 
 
 f. Sacra, Medulla spinalis, Vertebral column— f. 
 Spiritalis, Trachea — 'f. Urinaria, Urethra— <f. 
 Ureterum rejium, see Calix — f. Urinse, see Fis- 
 tula — f.- Ventriculi, CEsophagus. 
 
 FISTULES STERCORAIRESyieeSterco- 
 raceotis. ; . 
 
 FIS'TULOUS, Fistulo'sus, SyringHcus, Sy- 
 ringo'des. Relating to, or reseinbling, a fistula; 
 as ' a fistulous opening.' 
 
 FITROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 FIVE FINGERS, Pan^ quinquefolium. 
 'FIXED, Firus, from figere,' to fasten.' A 
 body not capable of being -volatilized by fire is 
 said to be fixedw Thus, we ss.y fixed <>ils, m 
 contradistinction to volatile oils. 
 
 FiyEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 apting is four leagues from Waldsassen,, in Ba- 
 varja. It contains carbonic acid, holding in 
 solution carbonates of lime and magnesia, chlo- 
 rides of lime and magnesia, carbona,te of soda 
 and silica. In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer 
 water. 
 
 FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second 
 dentition. 
 
 FLABELLA'TION,Kaie«aWo,from/?a}e/- 
 lare, to agitate the air.' An operation, recom- 
 mended by Ambrose Pari, which consists, in 
 keeping the fractijred limbs cool, as well as the 
 <lr'essings surrounding them, by the renewal of 
 ^e air around them, either by the use of a fan, 
 or the repeated change of position of the parts 
 affected. 
 
 FLABELLUM ET VENTILABRUM COR. 
 DIS, Pulmo. ( : 
 
 Wt&.CCia'lTYjFlacci'd'ifas, ivomflaccidus, 
 'flabby,' 'soft.' Softness of a part so as to 
 offer little resistance on pressure. 
 
 FLAG,. BLUE, Iris versicolor— f. Myrtle, 
 Acorus calamus— f. Root, Acorus calamus, 
 
 FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis. 
 
 FLAMBE, Iris Germanica-T^. Batard, Iris 
 pseudacorus. 
 
 FLAMBOISE, Ignis sylvaticus; ' 
 
 FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle. 
 
 FLAMMA, Fleam— f. Cordis, Biolychnium 
 — f. Vitalis, Biolychnium. 
 
 FLAMME, Fleam— f.Vitale.Yitdl principle. 
 
 FLAMMETTE, Fleam. 
 
 ^LAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata. 
 
 FLAMMULA, Fleam— f. Cordis, Bioiych- 
 nium — f. Jovis, Clematis recta— ^f. Vitalis, Ani- 
 mal heat, Biolychnium, Vital principle. 
 - Fi^JVeS, Flanks. 
 
 .FLANKS, Il'ia, E'ea, La'gones, Lap'ara, C«- 
 neo'nes, (F.) Ftancs, Les lies. The regions of 
 the body, which extend on the sides, from the 
 inferior margin of the chest to the crista ilii. 
 
 FLAP OPERATION of AMPUTATION, 
 Amputation q lambeaux. 
 
 .FLATUARIUS, Alchymist. ' 
 
 FLAT'ULENCE, FlatuhnHia, Flatus, Fla. 
 tuosHtas, Aeriflux'uSi PneuTnato'sisventrie'uli 
 et Pn. enter'iea, Pneumatosis, Bdes/ma, tlyper- 
 pneus'tiif, Cipdan, , Pk^sa, Polyphy'sia, Li- 
 mo'ais Fla'tus, Ereux'is, Bombus, Flatuos'ity, 
 Wind, (F.) Vmtosite, Flatuosite. Emission 
 of wind by the mouth or anus, or accumulation 
 of wind in the digestive tube. 
 
 FLATULENT, Windy. 
 
 FLATULENTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATXJOSITi, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUOSITY, Flatulence. 
 
 FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence — f. Furi- 
 
 osus, Ambulo-flatulentus— f. Spinas, Spina ven- 
 tosa. 
 
 FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus 
 ftiedica.^ 
 
 FLAVOUR, from (F.)/airer, 'to smell.' The 
 quality of a' sapid body, which is appreciated 
 by the taste and smell combined, and more es- 
 pecially by the latter." Some physiologists 
 consider, that flavour is effected through the 
 smell alone. 
 
 FLAVUS, Yellow. 
 
 FLAX, COMMON, Linum usitatissimum— 
 f. Purging, Linum catharticum — f . Seed, see 
 Linum usitatissimum — f. Toad, Antirhirium 
 linaria. 
 
 FLEA, COMMON, Pulex irritans. 
 
 FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa— 
 f. Various-kaved, Erigeron heterophyllum — f. 
 Bane, Canada, Erigeron Canadense^f. Phila- 
 dejphia, Erigeron Philadelphicum— ft Skeyish, 
 Erigeron Philadelphicum. , 
 
 FLEAM, Flammia, Flam!mMla,Schaste'rion, 
 Fossb'rium, Phlehbtfomum. A suJ-gical instru- 
 ment used for, the operation of phlebotomy. 
 (F.) Flamme, Flammette, It consists of a sinall 
 metallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting 
 instrument, which, by means of a spring, can 
 be forced into the vein. It is much used in 
 Germany and ' some other European countries, 
 and is not unfijequently employed in America ; 
 but is scarcely ever seen in France or Great 
 Britain. , 
 
 FLEAWORT, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 FL£CHISSEUR, Flexor—/. Court eommun 
 des orieils. Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — 
 /. Court du petit dpigt. Flexor parvus mini- 
 mi digit! — ■/. Court du petit orteil. Flexor bre- 
 vis minimi digiti pedis — /. Profond de$ doigts. 
 Flexor profundus perforans — •/. Sublime des 
 doigts, Flexor sublimit perforatus — f. Superfi- 
 ciel des doigts. Flexor sublimis perforatus — ■/. 
 Court du gros orteil. Flexor brevis pollicis pe- 
 dis — f. Gra7id^- comTnun des orteils. Flexor lon- 
 gus digitoruta pedis profundus perforans — •/■ 
 Long convmun des orteils. Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans — ■/. tiong du 
 gros orteil, Flexol^ longus poUiqis pedis — f. 
 Court du Foticf, Flexor brevis pollicis manus. 
 
 FLECTENS PARLUMBORUM,Quadratus 
 lumborum. . ' 
 
 FLEGMEN, Flemen. 
 
 FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour about the 
 ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hands. 
 
 FLERECIN, Gout. 
 , FLESH, Ca'ro,. Sarx, (F.) Chair. Every 
 soft part of an animal is so named ; bi^t more 
 particularly the muscles, which are called mus- 
 
 Flesh, Prodd, Fungosity. , ^ 
 
 FLETUS, Lachrymatio. 
 
 FLEURS, Flowers, Menses—/, Blanches, 
 Leucorrhcea — f. de'Muscofle, Mace — f. de Sou- 
 fre, Sulphur subjimatum. 
 
 FLEXIBILITY, FlexiUVitas, from flectere, 
 'to. bend.' Capability of being bent. A physi- 
 cal property of the tissues, which varies "greatly 
 according to the structure. The tendons exhibit 
 this property in a marked manner. 
 
 FLEXIO, Campsis. . 
 
 FLEXftON, Flex'io, CampS, from flectere, 
 ' to bend.' The state of being bent.' The ac- 
 tion of a flexor muscle. 
 
 FLEXOR. Same etymon. (F.) Fleehisseur. 
 
FLEXOR 
 
 366 
 
 FLEXOR 
 
 A muscle, whose office it is to tend certain 
 parts. I 
 
 Flexoe Beetis ' Digito'eum Pedis Peefo- 
 ea'tiis, F. Subli'mis, Flexor hnvis. Flexor di- 
 gitoWum' hrevis sive perforatits pedis , Ferfora'- 
 tus sevi Jle!i;or se&un'di itlterno'dii digito'rum pe- 
 dis, Galcaneo-sous-pkalangettien co'mmun, — 
 Calca/neo-sous-phaldnginien hommun, — (Ch.) 
 (F.) Muscle court JleehisseUr eomrniun des or- 
 teils, A muscle, placed at the middle of the 
 sole of the foot. , If is narrower and thickerbe- 
 hind than bfefore, where it is divided into four 
 portions. It arises' from the posterior part of 
 the inferior surface of the os calcis, and is in- 
 serted at the inferior surface of the second phi- 
 lanx of the last four toes. It tends the second 
 phalanges of the toes on the first, and the first 
 on the metatarsal bones ; in this manner augr 
 menting the concavity of the vault of the foot. 
 
 Flexor Beeyis JM^miMi Digiti, F. parvus 
 minimi digiti. 
 
 Flexoe Beevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Pa- 
 ra'thenar minor, (F .} Court Jleckisseur du petit 
 orteil, Ta/rso-sous-phalangien du petit orteil — 
 (Ch.) A muscle, :situate at the anterior and 
 outer part of the sole of the foot, It arises 
 from the posterior extremity of the fifth meta- 
 tarsal bone, and is inserted into the posterior 
 part of the first ph'aleinx of the little toe, which 
 it bends. 
 
 Flexoe Beevis Pol'licis Manus, Flexor se- 
 cun'di interno'dii, Thenar, Flexor primi et se&u/n'- 
 di ossis poVlicis, (F.) Court JlechisseVfV dit'pouce, 
 — Carpophalangien du pouce, — (Ch.) l)emi-in- 
 tetosseiix du ppuce. A muscle, situate at the 
 outer part of the palm of the hand. It is -di- 
 vided into two portions by the tendon of the 
 Flexor longua pullids. It arises from the oS 
 magnum, the anterior annular ligament of the 
 carpus and the third metacarpal bone; and is 
 inserted into the superior, part of the first pha- 
 lanx of the thumb, and into the two ossa sesa- 
 mpidea at the articulation of the first-phalanx 
 with the first metacarpal .bone. Its- use is to 
 bend the firSt phalanx of the thumb on the first 
 metacarpal Isone; and ^he latter upon the tra- 
 pezium. 
 
 Flexoe Beevis PoL'LicispEDjSjF/saror br,evis. 
 Flexor hal'lucis ve\ hrevis pol'licis,(¥ ,') Tarso- 
 phalangien du pouce^ Qpurt jiechisseur du gros 
 orteil^ Tafso-Sous-pkalangettien du premier or- 
 teil — (Ch.) It is situate at the anterior and 
 inner part of the sole of the foot; is thin and 
 narrow behind, thick and divided into two por- 
 tions before. It arises from the inferior part 
 of the OS calcis and the last two cuneiform bones, 
 and is inserted at the juferioi" part of the base of 
 the first phalanx of the great toe, and into the 
 two sesamoid bones of the Corresponding meta- 
 tarso-phalangian articulation. It b^nds the first 
 phalanx of the great toe on the first metacarpal 
 bone. 
 
 Flexoe Caepi Radi^lis, Palmaris magnus 
 — f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cijbital (muscles) — f. 
 Hallucis, F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Hallucis 
 longus, F. longus pollieis pedis. 
 
 Flexor Longus Digito'eum Pedis Proftjn'- 
 Dus Per'forans; Per'/orares, seu Flexor pro- 
 fun'dus, Perodactyle'us, Peronodactyl'ius, Pe- 
 ronodactylia^us, Peronedactyl'iui, Fk^or digi- 
 to'rum longus sive Perforans pedis, Perforans 
 seu Flexor tertii internodii digito'rwm pedis; 
 (F.) Tibio-phalangeitien — (Ch.), Grand ou 
 
 long,fiichisseur convmun des orteils, A muscle, 
 situate at the posterior, and deep-seated part of 
 the leg. It.is broader at its- middle than extre- 
 mities, the inferior of which is divided into four 
 portions. It arises from the posterior surface 
 of the tibia; and its tendons are attached to the 
 posterior part of the lower surface of the three 
 phalanges^ of the last four toes. It bends the 
 three phalanges on eabh other, and the toes on. 
 the metatarsus, and extends the foot on the leg. 
 
 The Acvesso'riuSjFlexo'ris Longi Digito'rum 
 Pedis, ,Qaro quadra'ta Syl'vii, C. aocesso'ria, 
 Massa car'n&dJaco'hi Syl'vii, Plantdris verus, 
 ^F.) Accessoire du long flechisseur commundes 
 orteils, Carree, is a siiia)ll muscle of the sole of the 
 . foot, which passes obliquely from the 03 calcis 
 to the outer edge of the flexor longus, whose 
 forc^ it augments,^and corrects its obliquity. 
 ' Flexoe Longus Pol'liois MANUs,F/ete»- Ioti- 
 gus pollicis, Flexor tertii interfio'dii. Flexor ter- 
 tii internodii sive longis'simas pqUidsi (F,)Ba- 
 ^dio-phalangettieh du pouce, — (Ch.) Situate at 
 the anterior and profound part of .the' forearm. 
 It arises from the upper three quarters of the 
 anterior surface of the radius . and' interosseous 
 ligament, and is inserted, by a tendon, into the 
 anterior ■surface of the last phalanx of the 
 thumb. It bends the second phalanx of the 
 thumb on the first; the first on the correspond- 
 ing metacarpal bone, and this upon the ladiuR 
 It can, also, bend the hand on the forearm. 
 
 Flexor Longus PoLLicts VEins,FlexorHcii'lw 
 ds velPollicis longus, (F,) Peroneo-pkalodgieii 
 du gros orteil, Long fleehisseur du gros orteil, 
 Peronio-sous-phalangettien du pouQB, — (Gh.) 
 It is situate at the posterior and profound ji^fit 
 of the leg. It arises from the posterior surface 
 of the fibula and the interosseous ligament, and 
 is inserted, by means of a long tendon, into the 
 inferior part , of the first phalanx of the great 
 toe. It bends the third phalanx on the first, 
 and this upon the corresponding metatarsal 
 bone. It augments the concavity of the sole of 
 the foot, and extends the foot on the leg. 
 '' Flexor Parvus Min'imi Dig"iti, 'Abdm/tor 
 minimi digiti, Hypoth'enar Riola'ni, Flexor hre- 
 vis minimi digiti manus, Syptith'enar minim 
 digiti, (F.) Carpo-phalangien du petit Soigt, — 
 {Ch..).Court flechisseur dupetit doigt. It arises 
 from the anterior annular ligament of the car- 
 pus' and the process^of the os unciforme, ^nd is 
 inserted at the inner side of the superior extre- 
 mity of the first phalanx of the little finger. It 
 bends the first phalanx of thC little finger. 
 
 Flexor Peefoeahs, F. profundus perforans 
 — f. Perforatus, F. sublimis^peyforatus — f. Primi 
 internodii, Opponens pollicis— f. Primi inter- 
 nodii digitorum m^nus, Lumbricalis manus — 
 f. Primi et secundi ossis pollicis, F, brevis pol- 
 licis manus. 
 
 Flexor Peofun'dus Per'forans, F. Profun- 
 dus, F. Per'forans, F. Per'forans vulgo profun- 
 dus, Flexor ter'tii interno^dii-digito'rum mamts 
 vel Perforans manus; (F.) Cubito-phultmgit- 
 tien commiun — ^(Ch.,) Flechisseur profoTid des 
 doigts, A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath 
 the Flexor sullimis perforatus. Its upper extre- 
 mity is simple, and arises from the anterior sur- 
 face of the ulna and from the interosseous liga- 
 ment. Its inferior extremity terminates by four 
 tendons which, after having passed through the 
 slits in the sublimis, are inserted into the ante- 
 rior surface of thg last pha;lange8 of the four 
 
FLEXURA 
 
 367 
 
 FLUX 
 
 fingers. It bends the third phalanges on the 
 second; and, I in other respects, has the same 
 uses as the Flexor sublimis perforatus. 
 
 FiiExoB Secundi Internodii (Dioitorcm 
 Pedis, F. brevis digitoium pedis-^f. Tettii in- 
 ternodii, F. longus pollicis manGs — f. Tertii in- 
 ternodii digitorUBd manus, F. profundus perfo- 
 rans— f. Tertii- fnternddii digitorum pedis, F. 
 longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans — 
 f . Ossis metacarpi pollicis; Opponens pollicis— 
 f, Perforatus pedis, F. brevis digitorum pedis — 
 f. Sublimis, F. brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 Flexor Subli'mis Perpoea'tus, F. Perfora'- 
 tus, (F.) Flfehisaeur sublime ou s-uperficiel des 
 didgts, EpitroMo-phatanginiencomimm; — (Ch.) 
 It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior 
 part of the forearm. Its upper extremity, vyhich 
 is simpi«, arises from the internal condyle of the 
 OS humeri ;-^from the coronoid process of the 
 ulna," and from the anterior edge of the radius. 
 Its lower extremity divides info four, tendons, 
 which slide under the anterior annular liga- 
 ment of the carpiis, and are inserted into the 
 second phalanges of the last four fingers, aftef 
 having been slit to allow the tendons of the 
 flexor profundus to pass through- them. This 
 muscle bends the second phalanges on the first [ 
 these on the carpal bones, and the band on the' 
 forearm. ' 
 
 FLEXURA, Curvature— t Sigmoidea, Sig- 
 EQoid flexure. 
 FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia. 
 FliOCCI, see Villous membranes. 
 FtOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia, 
 FLdCCORUM VENATIO, Carphqlogia. 
 FLOCCULI, see Villons membranes. 
 FLOR BE MISTELA, see Mistura. 
 FLOHENGE, CLIMATE OF. This agree- 
 able Italian city is by no means a favourable 
 residence for the phthisical invalid. Sir James 
 Clark affirms, indeed, that he does not know 
 any class of invalids for whom Florence offers 
 a favourable residence.^ It is subject to sudden 
 vicissitudes of temperature, and to cold piercing 
 winds during the winter and spring. 
 
 FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of 
 — f. Boracis, Boracic acid — f., Macidos, see 
 Myristica moschata — f. Macis, Mace — f. Mar- 
 tiales,Fermmammoniatum — f. Sails ammoniaci 
 martiales, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
 
 FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF, see Saint Au- 
 gustine. 
 
 Florida, Waters of. Near Long Lake, In 
 Florida, United States, which communicates 
 with St. John's River by a small creek, there 
 is a vast fountain of hot mineral water, issuing 
 from a "bank of the river. From its odour it 
 would seem to be sulphureous. 
 FLORION, Influenza. 
 FLOS, Antkus.. A flower. Also, tha finest 
 and noblest part of a body. 
 
 Flos, Jo vis. Crocus — f. Sails, Sodaj subcat- 
 bonate of — f. Sanguineus inonardi, Tropaeolum 
 majus — f. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 FLOUR, COLD, Pinoli— f. Potato, see Sola- 
 num tuberosum. ' ' - 
 
 FL'DWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica. - 
 FLOWERS, Flores,(F.) Fhurs. The ancient 
 chymists gave this name to different solid and 
 volatile substances, obtained by sublimation. 
 The term is not yet entirely banished from chy- 
 mical and medical language, as Flowars-of Ben- 
 jamin, Floioert of Sulphur, he. 
 
 Flowees, Menses. 
 
 Flo WEES, Four Carmin'ative, Quat'uor 
 ftores earminati'vijvrere chamomile, dill, fever- 
 few, and mtelitot. 
 
 Flowers, Four Cordial, Quat'uor Jlores cor- 
 dit^les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, 
 and violets. 
 
 FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation —f. Aurium, 
 Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 FLUCTUA'TION, Fluctua'tio, {lomfiudtus, 
 ' a wave ;' Vndula'tio, (F.) Ondulatian. The 
 undulation of a fluid collected in any natural 
 or artificial cavity, which is felt by pressure or 
 by percussion, properly practised. In ascites, 
 the fluctuation is felt by one of the hands being 
 applied- to one side of the abdomen, whilst the 
 other side is struck with the other hand. In 
 abscesses, fluctuation is perceived by pressing 
 on the tumour, with one or two fingers alter- 
 nately, on opposite points. 
 
 FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
 
 FLUELLIN, Veronica. 
 
 FLTTEWRS, Menses—/. Blanches, Leucor- 
 
 FLUiO, Flu'idwsifxomfluere, 'to flow.' The 
 hunian body is chiefly composed of fluids. If 
 one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried 
 ■in an oven, the remains will be found not to 
 weigh mor^! than 12 or 13 pounds ; so that the 
 proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is 
 about 9 or 10 to 1. 
 
 , Table op Fldids of the Human Body. 
 
 1. Blood. 
 
 2. lyymph. 
 [■ Transpiration of the mucous, 
 
 serous, and synovial mem- 
 branes; ofthe cellular mem- 
 brane; of the adipous cells; 
 of the medullary mem- 
 brane; of the-interior ofthe 
 thyroid gland; the thymus; 
 suprarenal capsules; eye; 
 ear; vertebral canal, &c. 
 'Sebaceous humour of the 
 skin; cerumen; gum of the 
 eye ; mucus of the mucous 
 glands and follicles ; that of 
 the tonsils, of the glands of 
 the cardia, the environs of 
 theanus, the prostate, &c. 
 Tears ; saliva ; pancreatic 
 fluid ; bile; cutaneous trans- 
 piration; urine; fluid of the 
 glands of Cowper; sperm; 
 milk; of the testes and 
 mammae of the new-born 
 child.. 
 
 3. Exhaled or 
 ' Ferspiriitory. 
 
 4. Follicular. ■< 
 
 5. Glandular. 
 
 Fluid, Cephalo-rachidian,' Cephalo-spinal 
 fluid— f. Cephalo-S'pinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — 
 f. Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid— f. of 
 Scarpa,' Vitrine auditive. 
 
 FLUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous flaid— f. 
 Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid. 
 
 FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum — f. Liver, Dis- 
 toma liepaticum. 
 
 FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery. 
 
 FLUOR, Flux— f. Albus Intestiliorum, Cce- 
 liae flux — f. Albus malignils. Gonorrhoea imp'nra 
 — f. Muliebris, LeTiconjhma. — {.' Muliebris non 
 Gallicus, Leucorrhoea-yf. Sanguinis pulmohum, 
 Hasmoptysis-^f . Sanguinis vesieae,Cystorrhagia. 
 
 FLUX, Fluxus, Proflu'viwm, Fluor, from 
 
FLUXIO ALBA 
 
 368 
 
 FCETUS 
 
 fiuere, 'to flow.' A discharge. iJAysis. In 
 nosology, it comprises a series of affections, the 
 principal symptom of which is the discharge of 
 a fluid. Generally it is" employed' for dysentery. 
 
 Flux, Biiiovs, Fluxusbilio'ims. A discharge 
 of bile, either by vomiting or by stool, or by 
 both, as in cholera. > 
 
 Flux, Bloodt,i Dysentery-^, de Bouche, Sa- 
 livation — •/. Bronchique, Bronchorrhoea— /. J?^- 
 senterique, Uysentery — •/. Hepatiqui, Hepatir- 
 rhoea — •/. Muqiieuic, Cdtarrh — -/• Miiqueux di 
 Vestomac, GiistrbrrhcEa — f. Mwqtiettx de la ves- 
 sie, Cystirrhcea — f. Root, Asclepias tuberosa — 
 /. Salivaire, Salivation-r-/. de Sang, Haemor- 
 rhagia. Dysentery — ^f. Sebaceoasj Stearrhoea-r- 
 /. / de Sperme, Spermatorrhoea^^/, de Sueur, 
 Ephidrosis— rf. Weed,' Sysimbrium sophia— /. 
 d' Urine, Diabetes — ■/. de Ventre, ^Diarrhoea. 
 
 FLUXIO ALBA, Leucorrhoea— f. Arthritica, 
 Gout — f. Vulvae, Leticorrhoea. 
 
 FLUXION, Fliix'io, Affiux'us, A flow of 
 blood or other humour towards any organ ■yvith 
 greater force than natiiral. K determination: 
 Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy, 
 there is" ^.Jlumon or determination of blodd to 
 the head. 
 
 FLUXION CATARBHALE, Catarrh—/. 
 sur les Dents, Odontalgia. 
 
 FLUXION DE POITRINE, (F.y By thy 
 name, the French often understand acute' pulr 
 'inonary catarrh, or pleurisy;, but most -com- 
 monly ,^firi7i?iezM»o?iy. ■ ^ ' , 
 
 FLUXUS, Discharge — f. Alvinus, Diarrhcea 
 — f. Chylosus, Cceliac flux — ^f. Cceliacus, Cceliac 
 flux — f. C<Eliacus per Renes, Chyluria — f. Cru- 
 entus cum tenesmo, Dysentery — f. Uysenteri- 
 cHs, Dysentery — f. Jlepaticus; Hepatirrhoea;, seer 
 iHepateros — f.Lientericus,Lient^ry — f.Lunaris, 
 Menses — f. Matricis, Leucorrhcea — ^f. Menstru- 
 alis, Menstruation — f. Menstruus, Menses — f. 
 Muliebris, Leucorrhoea^f. Salivse, Salivation — 
 f. Splenicus, Melsena — f. Tenereus, Gonorrhoea 
 impura— f. Ventriculi) Gastrorrhoea. 
 
 FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsaemifoliu'm. 
 
 FOC'ILE. This name was formerly given 
 to the bones of the leg, as TYell as to those, of 
 the forearm. , 
 
 FociLE MajUs, Tibia — f. Inferius seu majus. 
 Ulna — f.. Minus, -Fibula — f. Minus seu superius, 
 Radius. 
 
 FCECUNDATIO, Fecundation. 
 
 FCECUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
 
 FffiCUNDUS, Fecund. 
 
 FCEMEN, Perineum. 
 
 FCENICULUM, Anethum — f. Aquaticum, 
 Phellandrium aqiiaticum — f. Erraticum, Peuce- 
 danum silaus^-f; Porcinum, Peucedanum — ^f. 
 Vulgare, Anethum. 
 
 FCENUGREEK, Trigonella fcenum. 
 
 FCENUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus 
 — f. Graecum, Trigonella foenum. 
 
 FOETAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.— 
 Marcus Aurelius Severinus. 
 
 FCETAL, Fata'lis.. Relating to the fcefus. 
 A name, given to the parts connected with the 
 foetus. Thus we say — %\ie fatal surf ace of the 
 placenta, in contradistinction to the uterine or 
 maternal surface. 
 
 F(ETAL CiKcuLATioN differs from that of the 
 adult in several respects. Cortimencing with 
 the placenta, where it probably tindergofis some 
 change analogous to what occurs in the lungs in 
 exti'a-uterine existence, by the umbilical vein 
 
 as far as the liver, where a part of it is pour 
 into the vena porta; the other proceeds in 
 the vena cava inferior^ the latter, having i 
 ceived the suprahe'patic veins, pours its bloi 
 into the right auricle. From the right auricl 
 a part of the blood is sent into the right ventj 
 cle ; the rest passes directly through into tl 
 left auricle, by the foramen ovale. When tl 
 right ventricle contracts, the blood is sent in 
 the .pulmonary 'artery ; but as the function 
 respiration is not going on, no more blood passt 
 to the luiigs- than is necessary for their nuti 
 tion j the remainder goes, directly through tl 
 ductus arteriosus into ,the aorta. The blow 
 received by the left auricle from the lungs, i 
 well as that which passed through the forame 
 ovale, is transmitted into the left ventricle ; l 
 the contraction of which,itissentintothe-i(ort 
 and by means of the umbilical arteiies, whic 
 arise from the hypogastric, it is returned to tl 
 placenta. ; 
 
 FcETAL Head. 'The diameters of this at tl 
 full period are as follows :^I. The Bipanet/. 
 or tr-ansverse, extending from one parietal pn 
 tuberance to the other,a,nd measuringSJ inchei 
 2. The Temporal, from one temple t^ anothe 
 3 inches. 3. The Occipito-.mentul, from the 0( 
 ciput to the chin ; the greate^ of all', 5 inchei 
 4. The Occipito-frontal.oT antero-posterior, 4 
 or 4^ inches. 5., The Cervico-iregmatic^ froi 
 the- nape of the neck to the centre of the ante 
 rior fontanelle. -6. The Fronto-mental, frqr 
 the forehead to the .chin, , about 3J inches 
 7. The Trackelo-bregmatic, fropi the front of th 
 neclc to the anterior fontanellp,- 3^ inchei 
 H. TheVerlical diameter, from the vertex to th 
 base of the crai&m. . 
 
 FojTAL NuT^miOH, Cyotrophy. 
 
 F(ETAT10|lf-Pregnancy. 
 
 FCE'TICIDE, Faitidd'ium; from fatus, an 
 csdere, ' to kill;' Abortidd'ium. , Criminal aboi 
 tion. , /; 
 
 F(ET;[UUS, Fetid. 
 
 FCETOR,'Dysodi?i— f. Oris, Breach, offen 
 sive. i 
 
 FCETUS, Fetus, Cye'ma, Onus ventris, Saf 
 cina,. fiom feo, 'I bring forth.' The unbon 
 child. 'By nVTifnt, Cye'ma,, Hippocrates mean 
 the feeundated, but still imperfect, germ. I 
 corresponded with the term^'embryo, as no< 
 used; whilst lufiovsy, ' embryo,' signified the fffitu 
 at a more advanced stage of utero-gestation 
 The majority of anatomists apply to the gerr 
 the name embryo, which it retains until the thir 
 month of gestation, an! with some, until th 
 period of quickening ; whilst fwtus is.applied.t 
 it in its latter stages. The terms are, howevei 
 often used mdiscriminately. When the ovul 
 has been fecundated in the ovarium, it pre 
 ceeds slowly towards, and enters the ■ uterui 
 with which it becomes ultimately connecte 
 by means of the placenta. When first seer 
 the foetus has the form of a gelatinous flak' 
 which some have compared to an ant, a grai 
 of barley, a, worm curved upon itself; &c. Ti 
 ftEtal increment is very rapid in the first, thin 
 fourth, and sixth months of its formation; ar 
 at the end of nine months, it, has attained i1 
 full dimensiops. "Generally, there is but oil 
 fcEtus in utero ; sometimes, there are two ; rarel 
 three. The foetus presents considerable diffi 
 renc^ in its shape, weight, length, situation i 
 the womb, proportion of its various parts 1 
 
FOIE 
 
 369 
 
 FONTANELLA 
 
 each other, arrangement and texture of its or- 
 gans, state of its functions at different periods 
 of gestation, &c. All these differences are 
 important in an obstetrical and medico-legal 
 jMint of view. The following table exhibits 
 the length and weight of the foetus at different 
 periods of gestation, on the authority of different 
 
 ^observers. .Their discordance is striking. It 
 is proper to remark, that the Paris pound — Paid 
 de Marc — of 16 ounces, contains 9216 Paris 
 grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains only 
 8532.5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch is 
 1.065977 English inch. 
 
 At 30- (lays. 
 
 Beck. 
 
 Maijgrier. 
 
 Granvilk. 
 
 _ p_ 
 
 . Seek: 
 
 Maygrier. 
 
 Granvilk. 
 
 
 Length. 
 
 11 . • 
 
 Weight 
 
 
 3 to 5 Imes 
 
 10 to 12 lines 
 
 1, 
 
 9 or 10 grains 
 
 ' 
 
 2 months. 
 
 2 inches 
 
 4 inches 
 
 1 inch 
 
 Sbuhoes 
 
 5 drachms 
 
 20 grains 
 
 3 « 
 
 3t do 
 
 - 6 « 
 
 3 inches 
 
 2 to 3 « 
 
 24 ounces 
 
 1^ ounces 
 
 4 •' 
 
 5 to 6 do 
 
 8 « 
 
 
 4 to 5 " 
 
 7 or 8 " 
 
 
 5 « 
 
 7to9 
 
 10 « 
 
 
 9 or 10 « 
 
 16 ■ " 
 
 
 6 «• 
 
 9 to 12 
 
 12 « 
 
 9 inches 
 
 1 to 2 lbs. 
 
 2 pounds 
 
 1 pound 
 
 7 " 
 
 12 to 14 
 
 14 « 
 
 12 « ■ 
 
 2 to 3 " 
 
 3 « 
 
 2 to 4 « 
 
 8 » 
 
 16 
 
 16 « 
 
 17 « 
 
 3 to 4 « 
 
 4 « 
 
 4 to 5 '' 
 
 FtETus IN FosTU, Cryptodidymus. 
 
 FcETus Septimes'teis. Asevenmonths'fcetus. 
 
 FcETus Zephyeius, Mole. ^ 
 
 FOIE, 'Livei—rf.'d'Antimoine, Oxidum stibii 
 sulphuretum— ■/. de Soufre, Potassas sulphure- 
 tum. , 
 
 FOLIACEUM ORNAMENTUM, see Tuba 
 Fallopiana. 
 
 FOLIE, Insanity — ■/. des Ivrognes, Delirium 
 tremens. ' i^' 
 
 ' FOLLETTE, Influenza, 
 
 FOL'LICLE, Folliculus, Cystis, diminutive 
 of Follis, a bag. , See Crypta. 
 
 FOLLICLES) CiLiAEY, Meibomius, glands of — 
 f. of De Graaf, Folliculi fefraafiani — f. of Lie- 
 berkiihn, see Intestine— f. Palpebral, Meibo- 
 mius, glands of — f. Solitary, Brunner's glands 
 — f. Synovial', BiSrsffl mucosae. 
 
 FOLLICTTLE, Crypta—/. CiHaire, Meibo- 
 mius, gland of—/. Dintaire, Dental follicle — 
 /. Fa(peir-al, Meibomius, gland of. 
 
 FOLLIC'ULI GRAAFIATSri, O'iula Graa- 
 fia'hn,,FollicUs or Vesicles if De Grhaffiva'rian 
 ves'irles. Small spherical Vesicles deposited in 
 the stroma of the ovary, which have two coats^ 
 the \nxier termed ovuapsule-^ni ovisac. They 
 exist in the fcetus. " The ovum — ovide of some 
 — is contained in them. 
 
 FoLLipULf RoTUWDI ET ObLONGI CeEVICIS 
 
 TTteri, Nabothi glandulae — f. Sanguinis, Glo- 
 bules of the blood — f. Sebacei, Sebaceous 
 glands. J 
 
 FOLLTCULOSE GLAND, Crypta. 
 
 FQLLICULUS, Vulva— f. Dentis, Dental 
 Follicle— f. Fellis, Gall-bWder— f. Genitalis, 
 Scrotum. 
 
 TO FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) itwmrl Bas- 
 siner. To apply a fomentation to a part. 
 
 ,FOMENTA'TION,Fome«fo'iiff, Fqtws, Fy'- 
 ria, Ther'mas''ma, Chlias'ma, ^one'sis, Ferfu'~ 
 sio, Asper'siojFomen'tum, (quasi/otiMBeMhim,) 
 from fovere, ' to bathe.' A sort ofpartial bath- 
 ing, by the application of cloths, which have 
 been previously' dipped in hot water or in some 
 medicated decoction. They act, chiefly, by 
 virtue of their warmth and moisture, except in 
 the case of narcotic fomentations, where some 
 additional effect is obtained. 
 I A dry fomentation is a warm, dry application 
 to a part; — as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel; 
 
 — a bag, half filled with chamomile flowers 
 made hot, &c. 
 
 Fomentation Heees, Series pro fotu. The 
 herbs, ofdinarily sold under this title by the 
 English apothecary, are — southernwood, totps of 
 sea wormwood, chamomile flowers, each two 
 parts : bay leaves, one part. §iijss of these to 
 Ovj of water. 
 
 , FOMENTUM, Fomentation. 
 
 FOMES MORBI, Fames mdli. The focus 
 or seat of any disease. (F.) Foyer. 
 
 FoMES VENTRicnLi, Hypochohdriasis. 
 
 FOM'ITES, from fames, 'fuel, any thing 
 which retains heat.' Enaus'ma, Zop'yron. 
 A term, applied to substances which are sup- 
 posed to retain contagious effluvia; as wool- 
 len goods, feathers, cotton, &c. 
 
 POiVOT/OiV, Function. 
 
 FOND, Fundus. 
 
 FONDANT, Solvent. 
 
 FONGIFORME, Fungoid. 
 , FONGOIDE, Fungoid. 
 
 FONGOSITJi, Fungosity. 
 
 FONGUS, Fungus—/. jmdullaire,'E.ncepha- 
 loid. 
 
 FONS, Fontanella — f. Lachrymarum, see 
 Canthus — f. Medicatus, Water, mineral -^f. 
 Pulsans, Fontanella— f. Pulsatilis, -Fontanella 
 — f. Salutarius, Water, ' mineral— f. Soterius, 
 ■Water, mineral, 
 
 FONSANGE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Fonsange is situate near Nismes in France. 
 The water is sulphuretted. 
 
 FONTA'NA, CANAL Of. A canal of a 
 triangular shape, at the inner side of the ciliary 
 circle ; partly formed by the groove at the in- 
 ner edges of the cornea and sclerotica. 
 
 FONTANEL'LA. A fontanel ;— diminutive 
 of fans, 'a fountain.' Fans puliat'ilis, Fons 
 pulsans. Vertex paZ'pitans, Fons, Bregma, 
 Fontic'filus, Lacu'na, Mould. The open- 
 ing of the head. A name, given to a space 
 occupied by a cartilaginous membrane, in the 
 foetus and new-born child ; and situate at the 
 ui)ion of the angles of the bones of the cranium. 
 There are six fontanels. 1. The great or sincip'- 
 ital or anterior, situate at the junction of the 
 sagittal and coronal sutures. 2. The small or 
 iregmat'ic oT posterior, situate at the part where 
 
FONTES 
 
 370 
 
 FORCEPS 
 
 the posterior and superior angles of the parie- 
 tal bones unite with the upper part of the os 
 occipitis. 3. The two sphenoidal, in the tem- 
 poral fossae; and, 4. 'the, two mastgid, or of 
 dasserius, at the union of the parietal, occipi- 
 tal, and temporal bones. ■ ' 
 
 FONTES, see Fohs— f.- Medicati Plumbarii, 
 Plombieres, Mineral waters pf — f^ Sulphurei 
 calidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
 
 FONTICULE A POl's, see Fonticulus. 
 
 FONTIC'ULUS, Fontanella, Exutb'num, 
 Ex'utory, Issue, (F.) Fonty,cule, Cautere. A 
 small ulcer produced by art, either ' by the 
 aid of caustics or of cutting instruments ; the 
 discharge from which is , kept up with a view 
 to fulfilcertain therapeuticalindications. The 
 Pea issue, (F.) Fonticule a pais, is kept up by 
 means of a pea placed in it. This pea, (F.) 
 Fois d eautlre, is sometimes formed of wax; 
 at others, the young, blasted fruit of the orange 
 is employed. The common dried garden pea 
 answers the purpose. The seton is also an 
 issue. 
 'T'OOD, Aliment— f. of the G6ds, Asafcetida. 
 
 FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula. 
 
 FOOT, Pes— f. Flat, see Kyllosis^f. Grif- 
 fon's, Gryphius pes. 
 
 FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the 
 foot or feet in parturition. 
 
 FORA'MEN, Trema, from foro, ' 1 pierce.' 
 Aulas, (F.) Trou. Ajiy cavity, pierced through 
 and through. Also, the orifice of a canal. 
 
 Foramen Alveolaee Anterius, see Pala- 
 tine canals — f. Alveolare posterius, see Pala- 
 tine canals — f. Amplum pelvis,. Obturatorium 
 forimen — f. Aquaeduetus Fallopii, F. stylomas- 
 toideum — f. Auditorium Externum, see Audi- 
 tory canal, external— -f. Auditorium internum, 
 see Auditory canal, internal — f. of Bich^t, see 
 Canal, arachnoid — f. of Botal, see Bbtal fora- 
 men — f. Caecum ossis maxillaris superioris, see 
 Palatine canals. 
 
 Foramen C;ecum of the MEouL'tA Oblon- 
 gata, or of VioQ. d'Azyr ; (F.) Trou borgne. 
 A tolerably deep fossa at the point where the 
 medium furrow at the anterior surface of the 
 medulla oblongata meets the pons. 
 
 Foramen Cjeoum of the Tongue, see Cae- 
 cum foramen and Tongue — f. Carotid, see Caro- 
 tica foramina. 
 
 Fora'men Cektra'le et Limbus Lu'teus 
 Ret'in^e ; the central foramien and yellow spot 
 of the retina; discovered by Sommering. ikZfec'- 
 ula lu'tea, (F.) Tache jaune. It is situate 
 about two lines to the outside of the optic, nerve, 
 and in the ^direction of the axis of the ej^es. 
 
 Foramen Commune AnteriuS, Vulva — f. 
 Commune posterius, see Anus— f. Condyloid, 
 see Condyloid — ^f. ConjiigationiS, see Conjuga- 
 tion — f. Ethmoideum, Orbitar foramen, inter- 
 nal — f. Incisivum, see Palatine canals — f. Infra- 
 orbitarium, see Suborbitar canal — f. Infrapubia- 
 nuih, Obturatoriurt foramen — f. Jugulare, La- 
 ceriim posterius foramen — f. Lacerum in basi 
 cranii, Lacerum posterius foramen — if. Lace- 
 rum inferius, Sphenorjiaxillary fissure — f. Lace- 
 rum superius, Sphenoidal fissure — f. Magnum, 
 see Occipital bone — f. Mastoid, see Mastoid 
 foramen— f;. Mental, see Mental foramen. 
 
 Foramen of Monro. An opening behind 
 the anterior pillar of the fornix, somejwhat 
 above the anterior commissure, by which the 
 
 third ventricle communicates with the late) 
 ventricle.' 
 
 FoilAMEN OF MoRSASNi, See Caecum foram 
 and Tongue — f. Obturatotium, Obturator foj 
 rnen — f. Oculi, Pijpil — f. Oodes, Ovale fOi 
 men— f. Orbitarium interrium, Orbitar foi 
 men, internal — f. ■ Orbit^riurri superius, Orl 
 tar foramen, superior, F. supraorhitarium— 
 Ovale, Botal foramen. Fenestra ovalis, Obtui 
 torium foramen. Ovale foramen — f. Palatinu 
 anterius, see Palatine canals-^f. Palatinumpo 
 terius, see Palatine canals — f. Palato-maxillai 
 see Palatine canals— f. Rotundum, Fenest 
 rotunda— f. Spheno-spinosum, Spinale forami 
 — f. Thyroideum, Obttifatbrium foramen— 
 of Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow. 
 
 FoRAji'iNA Thebe'sii. Openings resembli) 
 vascular orifices found below the orifice of t! 
 vena cava superior in the right auricle, whii 
 ■are supposed to be the openings of veins. ' 
 
 FORATIO, Trepaiining. 
 
 FORCE, from fartis, 'strong.' 7is,Poter 
 tia, Energi'a, Dy'na/nds, Cratos. Any pow 
 ■flrhich produces an action. Those poWe 
 which are inherent in organization are caUi 
 vital force's. We say, also, organic fame, ai 
 muscular force, to d'esignate that of the o 
 gans in general, or of the muscles in particuk 
 To the latter the vfioii Dynamis, twaijji.it, co 
 responds \ and the absence of this force is ten 
 ed adyna'mia^ The vital forces have to 1 
 carefully studied by the pathologist. The do 
 trine of diseases is greatly dependent on the 
 augmentation or diminutipn; freedom or oppre 
 sion, &c. 
 
 Force of Assimilation, Plastic force- 
 Catalytic, see Catalysis — f. of Nutrition, Plast 
 force— f. Vital , Vis vitalis— /. Vitale, Viis vital 
 
 FORCE-REAL, MINERAL .WATERS 6 
 The name. of a mountaiu, situate four leagu 
 froni Perpignan in France. The water is cl 
 lybeate. 
 
 ' FORCEPS, quasi, ferriceps, from ferrw. 
 'iron,' axiA.capio, ' I take.' Pincers, Lah 
 Valsel'lcB. An instrument for removing, I 
 dies, which it would be inconvenient or ii 
 practicable' to seize with the fingers., (T 
 Pinces, Pincettes. There are various' kin 
 of forceps, 1. The ordinary kind, contain 
 in every dressing-case, for removing lint, & 
 from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pinces i a 
 neaux. 9. Dissecting'or lAg'ature or Art6'r\ 
 Forceps, (J.) Pinces d dissection, P. d lig 
 fare, to lay hold of delicate parts. 3. Pbl'yp 
 Forceps i Tooth Forceps, Forceps of Museuxi 
 laying hold of the tonsils or othpr parts to 
 removed. 4. The Bullet Forceps^ Stromiul'ei 
 (F.) Tirehalle, ic. 5. The Lithoi'omy Force; 
 Lithol' ahon, lAthogo'' gum, .*lenae'ulai VolseV, 
 which resembles the Craniotomy Forceps, (I 
 Tenettes. 
 
 Forceps is also an instrument used by obst 
 rical practitioners to embrace the head, a 
 bring it through the pelvis. It consists oft 
 branches, blades or levers ; one of which, in i 
 case of the short forceps, is passed over 
 ear of tlie child, and the other opposite to ' 
 former, so that the bladgs may lock. Wl 
 the head is securely included between 
 blades, the operation of extraction can be co 
 menced. See Parturition. 
 
 Forceps Arterial, see Forceps — f. Bui: 
 see Forceps — ^f. Craniotomy, see Forceps- 
 
FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREHOUND 371 
 
 FOSSA 
 
 Deceptorra, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see 
 Forceps — f. of Museux, see Forceps — f. Polyj 
 pus, see Forceps — ^f. Tooth, see Forceps. 
 
 FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREHOUND, see 
 Balsam of horehound. 
 
 FOREARM, Antihra'ehmm, Pygmt, Pars 
 infe'rior bra'chii, Cu'Utus, (F.) Avcmt-hrcis. 
 The part of the upper extremity, comprised 
 between the arm and the hand. It is composed 
 of two hones — radius and ulnof—a.'M 20 muscles . 
 
 FOREHEAD, Front. 
 
 FORENSIC ANATOMY, see Anatomy— f. 
 Medicine, Medicine, legal. 
 
 FORESKIN, Prepuce. 
 
 FORFEX, Scissors — f. Dentaria, Dentagra. 
 
 FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. For- 
 ges is situate four leagues from Gournay, in 
 the department oif Seine Inferieure, France; 
 There are three springs, which are acidulous 
 chalybeat-es. They are called iZoyoi^, iJeineSfe, 
 and Cardinfd, in honor of Louis XIII., Queen 
 Anne of Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who 
 used them. , 
 
 FORMATIVE; Plastic. 
 
 FORMI'CA, Myrmex. Theiant or pismire; 
 (F.) Fourrni. Itcontains an acid juice and gross 
 oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodi- 
 siacs. The chrysalides of the animal are said 
 to be diuretic and carminative ; and have been 
 used in dropsy. 2. Also the name of a black 
 wart, verru'ca formica'ria, with a broad base 
 and cleft surface ; so called because thfe pain at- 
 tending it resembles the biting of an ant, fiv^- 
 )Ui;xia, myrme'eia. — Forestus. 3. A varicose 
 tumour on the anus and glans penis. 4.' Also, 
 miliary herpeS. 
 
 Formica Ambulatoria, Herpes circinatus — 
 f. Corrosive, Herpes exedens. 
 
 FORM'ICANT,' ATyrme'dzon, Formi'cans, 
 ftom/ormica, 'anant.' (^.)Fourmillant. An 
 epithet given to the pulse. Pulsus formi'cans, 
 when extremely small, scarcely perceptible, 
 unequal, and communicating a sensation like 
 that of the motion of an ant through a thin tex- 
 ture. 
 
 FORMICATION, FormiWilo, J%rm«CTM'-. 
 TO05, Myr'tned'asiS) Myrmecis'irviisl Myrrr^'co'- 
 sis, Stupor formi'cans. Same etymon. (F.) 
 Fourmillefrient. A pain, bompared with that 
 which would be caused by a number o^ ants 
 creeping on a part. 
 
 FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenos. 
 
 FOR'MULA, from forma, ' a form.' (F.) 
 Pormule, Ordonnance. The receipt for.the for- 
 mation of a compound medicine; a prescription. 
 
 FORM'ULARY, Formula' rium. Codex rm- 
 dicamienta'rius, NartKe-'da, NartKe'dum, Nar- 
 thecc. A collection of mtedical formulee or re- 
 ceipts. 
 
 FORMULE, Prescription. 
 
 FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE OF, Chloro- 
 form. 
 
 FORNIX, 'an arch or vault.' For'nixver'- 
 eiri, Gam'era, Fornix trilat'erus, Psalis^ Psa- 
 lid'ium, Testu'do eer'ebri, Arcus Tnedulla'ris, 
 (F.) Trigone cerebral — (Ch.,) VoUte a trois 
 piliers. Triangle Medullaire. A medullary 
 body in the brain, below the corpus callo- 
 sum and above the middle ventricle, on the me- 
 dian line. This body, which is curved up9n 
 itself, terminates anteriorly by a prolongation, 
 which constitutes its anterior pillar or orus, 
 (F.) Pilier anterieur, and posteriorly by two 
 
 similar prolongations, called posterior pillars 
 or crura. . See Achicolum, and Vault. 
 
 Fornix Cerebri, Fornix. 
 
 FORPEX, Scissors. 
 
 FORTIFIANT, Corroborant, Tonic. 
 
 FORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia. 
 
 FOSSA,Fo't)S(5,frC)m/o&'o, 'Idig.' Scamma. 
 A cavity of greater or less df pth, the entrance 
 to which is always larger than the base. The 
 fossae of bones have been called simple, when 
 they belong to one bone only, as the parietal 
 fossa; and com/pmmfl, (F.) Fosses cofApos'tef, 
 when several concur in their formatidn, as the 
 orbitat fossa, temporal fossa, &e. 
 
 Fossa AMTG'nAtoiD, Amygdaloid excava'- 
 tion. The space between the anterior and pos- 
 terior pillars of the fauces, which is occupied 
 by the tonsils. 
 
 Fossa AinTN'TiE. A kind of baqdage, used in 
 fractures of the nose ; so called, by Galen, from 
 Amyntas" of Rhodes, its inventor. It consisted 
 of a long band, applied round the head, the 
 turns of which crossed at the root of the hose. 
 
 Fossa Canina, Canine fossa. ' 
 
 Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) .RSSiie clribelleuse. 
 The inferior occipital fossa, which lodged the 
 corresponding portion of the cerebellum. 
 
 Fossa Cojiona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal fos^a, 
 A depression on the orbitar plate of the frontal 
 or coronal bpne, which supports the anterior 
 lobe of the' brain. 
 
 Fossa Coronoibea, Cor^onoi'd fossa. A ca- 
 vity before the inferior extremity of the hume- 
 rus, in which the coronoid process of the ulna 
 is engaged during the flexion of the forearm. 
 
 Fossa Cottloidea, see Cotyloid. 
 
 Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'trica} A deep 
 groove on the mastoid portion of the temporal 
 bone, which give? origin to the digastric muscle. 
 
 Fossa Ethmoida'lis, Ethmoid fossa. A shal- 
 low gutter on the upper surface of the cribri- 
 form plate of the ethmoid bone, on which is 
 lodged the expanded portion of the olfactory 
 nerve. 
 
 Fossa Genu, Poples. 
 
 Fossa Gdttura'lis, Gut'tural fossa, i The 
 depression which forms the guttural region of 
 the tase of the cranium, between the foramen 
 magnum and posterior nares. 
 
 Fossa Hyaloidea, see Hyaloid (Fossa) — ^f. 
 Iliac, see Iliac fossae — f. Infraorbitar, Canine 
 fossa — f. Infraspinous, see Infraspinata fossa — 
 f. Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa — f.-Jugularis, 
 Jugular fossa — i. Lachrymalis, Lachryrnalfossa 
 — f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva — f. Magna Sylvii, 
 Fissura'Sylvii. 
 
 FossA, Mental, Fossa, mentdlis. A small 
 depression on each side of the symphysis on the 
 anterior surface of the body of the maxilla in- 
 ferior, for the attachment of muscles. - 
 
 Fossa Navjcxiearis, Navicular fossa. 
 
 Fossa OccipitA'lis', Ocdp'ital fossa. The 
 occipital ibssEB are four in number ; the Superior 
 (5r cerebral, ■' and the inferior or cerebellous. 
 They are separated by~a groove, which lodges 
 theJateral siniis. 
 
 Fossa OvaMs, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palatina, 
 Palate — f. Perinaei, Pel-ineal, fossa— f. Pitui- 
 taria. Sella Turcica. 
 
 Fossa Poplite'a, Poplite' at fossa. The hol- 
 low of the ham ;^-the popliteal region. 
 
 Fossa Scafhotdes, Navicularis fossa— f. Sub- 
 orbitar, Canine fossa. 
 
FOSSE BA8ILAIRE 
 
 372 
 
 FR^NUM 
 
 Fossa, Sueptram'idai., F. suipyramida'Hs. 
 A deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the 
 fenestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkable 
 for its constancy, and pierced by several fora- 
 mina at the bottom. 
 
 Fossa Supea-sphenoidalis, Pituitaria fossa 
 — ^f. of Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth — f. Umbilicalis, 
 see Liver. 
 
 FossjE CsREBRA'upSf^Cer'ebral /os-sie. Fossae 
 or excavations at the base of the cranium. 
 They are nine in number; thrtee occupy the 
 median line, and three are placed. at each side. 
 They are distinguished into anterior, middle, 
 and posimior. 
 
 Foss^E DiGiTALES, See Impression, 
 
 FOSSE BASILAIRE, Basilary fossa—/. 
 Sous-epineuse, Inffa-^pinata' fossa — ■/. Sus-epi- 
 neuse. Fossa supra-spinata. 
 
 fosses: CONDYLOiDIENfTES, Con- 
 dyloidea foramina — /. Nasales, Ouvertures 
 posiirieitres dfs, Nkres, posterior. 
 
 FOSS£l'r£,(F.)DimJnutiveof/oi5a'. Scro- 
 Hc'ulus, Both!rion. Several depressions are so 
 called. A dimpleA chin, Fossette du menton, 
 consists in a slight depression, which certain 
 persoijis have on the chin. 3.^ A dimple of the 
 cheek, (F,) Fossette des joiies, a depression 
 vi'hich occurs oh the cheeks of certain persons 
 when they laugh. Scrobic'ulus cordis,Anticar'- 
 dioii,PrcBcor' diwm, (F.) Fossette du cceur. The 
 depression observed on a level with the xiphoid 
 cartilage at the anterior and inferior part of the 
 chest. It is, also, called ps'i bfthe stomach, (F.) 
 Creux de Pestomac, , 
 
 FOSSETTE, Fos'sula, A'nulus,.Bothnum, 
 is also a small ulcer of the transparent' cornea, 
 the centre bf which is deep. , 
 
 FOSSETTE ANGUJLAIRE DXX QUA- 
 TRlkME VENTRICULE, Calamus scripto- 
 rius — •/. du CffiMr, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 FOSSORIUM, Fleam. 
 
 FOSSULA. Argema, Fossa, Fossette, Fovea. 
 
 FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, s'ee Pilulae aloes 
 et colocynthidis. 
 
 FOTUS, Fomentation — f. Communis, Decoc- 
 tum papaveris. . , 
 
 FOUGkRE FEMELLE, Asplenium filix 
 foemink, Pteris aquilina — /. Grande, Pteris 
 aquilina— /. Male, Polypodium filix mas. 
 
 FOULURE, Sprai^. 
 
 FOUljrDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotro- 
 pheum. 
 
 FOURCSE, (F.) fourchi, 'cleft,' ' from 
 furca, 'a fork.' Aposte'ma Fhala'nigum, A 
 French provincial term for small abscesses, 
 which form on the fingers and hands of working 
 people. Also, an instrument, invented by M. 
 J. L. Petit for compressing the ranine artery, 
 in cases of hemorrhage from that vessel 
 
 FOXTKCHETTE', Fureil'la, a little fork. 
 Fur'cula. A surgical instrument used for rais- 
 ing and supporting the tongue, during'the ope- 
 ration of dividing the fraenum. 
 
 Fonrchette, in anatomy, is, 1. The pbsterior 
 commissure of the labia majora, called also, 
 Fmnum and Fur'cula. 2. The cartilage ensi- 
 formis : so called from its being sometimes cleft 
 like a fork. Also, the semilunar notch at t}ie 
 superior or clavicular extremity Of the sternum. 
 
 FOURMI, Formicas 
 
 FOURMILLANT, Formicartt. 
 
 FOURMILLEMENT, Formication. 
 
 FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, Fusel. 
 
 FO'VEA, Diminutive Fove'ola, from fodi 
 ' Irdig^' Bothros. A slight depression. Fai 
 sula. The pudendum 'miuliehre; see Vulva. A 
 BO, t^e fossa navieularis. A vaipour bath fi 
 the lower extremities. 
 
 Fovea Axillaris, Axilla — ^f. Hemisphseric 
 see Crista vestibuli — f. Lacrymalis, Lachr 
 mal fossa — f. Oculi, Orbit — ^f. Semi-elliptic" 
 see Crista Vestibuli. 
 
 FOVEOLA, Fovea. 
 
 FOXBERRY., Arbutus uva^ursi. 
 
 FOXGLOVE, Digitalis. 
 
 FOrER,Fomea morbi. 
 
 FRACTURA, Fracture— f. Dentis, Odonfc 
 clasis. ', . ' ( . . , 
 
 FRACTURE, Fractu'ra, tromfiang^re,fra 
 turn, 'to break,' ' bruise.' Catag'ma, Catag'm 
 Fractu'ra, Catax'is, Clasis, Clasma^ Agml, Ai 
 ma', Diar'rkage. A solution of continuity i 
 a boney Osteoc'lasis. , A simple fractiire j 
 when ^the bone only is divided. A.cqmpoim- 
 fracture is a division of the bone with a woun 
 of the integuments communicating with tl 
 bone, — the bone, indeed, generally protruding 
 In a cormrnnuied frafAure, Alphite''dpn, <i\i^n\ 
 Jo*, Carye'don Catag'mti, xaQvt]doV' xdtitY^ia, tl 
 bone is broken into several pieces; and in 
 complicated fracture there is, in addition to tl 
 injury done to the bone, a lesion of some coi 
 siderable vessel, nervous trunk, .&c. Fracture 
 are also termed transverse, ohlique,^ ^c, a( 
 cording to their direction. The. treatment < 
 fractures consists, in general, in reducing tl 
 fragments when displaced; maiiitaining thei 
 when reduced ; preventing the symptoms, whic 
 may be likely to arise ; and combating thei 
 when they occur. The reduction of fracturf 
 must be effected by extension, counter-extei 
 sion, and coaptation. (See these wprds.) Tl 
 parts are kept in apposition by position, res 
 and an appropriate apparatus. , The positit 
 muSt vary according to the kind of fraotun 
 Commonly, the fractured limb is placed on 
 horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a stal 
 of exteifsion; or rather in a middle state betwee 
 extension arid flexion, according to the case. 
 
 FRACTURE EN RAVE, Raphanedon. 
 
 FRACTURES PAR RESONNANCE,, 6( 
 Contrafissura. i 
 
 FR^NA MORGAGNII, F. of the Valve i 
 Bauhin. ^ 
 
 FkjenX ot THE Valve of Bauhin, (F.) Freii 
 de la valiule de Bauhin. A name given \ 
 Morgagni to the projecting lines formed by tl 
 junction of the extremities of the two lips 
 the ileo-coecal valve. They arealso calledFrjCT 
 and Retinae'ula MoTgagn'ii, 
 
 FRENULUM, see Frsenum, Bride— i.' C] 
 totidis,, Fraenum clitoridis — ^f. Novum, Taer 
 semicircularis. 
 
 FRiENUM, Fre'ntim; (F.) Fresw, * a bridll 
 Frie'nulum, Filel'hirry, Filamen'tum. ' A smi 
 bridle.' A bridle. Names given to sevei 
 membranous folds, which bridle and retain c( 
 tain organs. 
 
 Feodum CLiTOR'iDis,Er«'«»«feOT Clitor'idi 
 (F.) Frein du Clitoris. A slight duplicati 
 formed by the union of the internal portions 
 the upper extremity of the nymphse. 
 
 Frjentjm Glandis, F. Penis. 
 
 Fr^mum Labio'rum, (F.) Frein des levr 
 There are two of these ; one for the upper, 1 
 other for the lower lip. They unite these pa 
 
FRAGARIA 
 
 373 
 
 FRAYEUR NOCTURNE 
 
 to the maxillary bone, dnd are fontie^ \y the 
 mucous membrane of the mouth. 
 
 FEiENUM LiNGUiE,Friz'«M?«»tseu Vin'culum, 
 Lingua, Glossodes'^us, Fih'tum, {Y'.)Filet ou 
 Frein de la langite, is a triangular reflection, 
 formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
 and situate between the inferior paries of that 
 cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue. 
 When the framum extends as far as the extre- 
 mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, 
 interferes with sucking, &c. This inconveni- 
 ence is remedied by carefully snipping it with 
 a pair of scissors. The French call this I'ope- 
 ration dujilet. ' ' 
 
 Frjenum PeSis, F. seu Fra'nulum sen Viti'- 
 culum Prapu'tii, F. Glandis, Cynodes'mion, 
 Cynodes'mus, Vin'culum Cani'num,, (F.) Filet 
 ou Frein de la verge, is a membranous refl^c- 
 tio,n which fixes the prepuce to/the lower part 
 of the glans. When too short, it prevents the 
 prepuce from sliding over the glans. 
 
 Fbsnum Pkjepuiii, F. Penis. 
 ' FRAGA'RIA, from/rogVo, /I smell sweetly .' ■ 
 The Strawberry, Fraga'ria vesca, ChameB'.batos, 
 (F.) Fraisier. The fruit is agreeable and whole- 
 some, and the roots have been used as tonic and 
 slightly diuretic. The fruit is the Fragum, 
 xofia^"', of the aiicients ; (F.) Fraise. 
 
 Feagaria Vesca, Fragaria. 
 
 FRAGILE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 FRAGIL'ITAS, Ruptibil'itas; from frango, 
 ' I break.' Fragility, BriWeness. The state of 
 being easily broken or torn. 
 
 Fkagil'itas Os'siuM, Osteopsdthyro'sis, 
 Brilfthnesa of the hones, F.nabil'ity of the bones, 
 Paris'tia frag"iUsy Frag"ile vit'reum. Patho- 
 logists have given this name to the extreme fa- 
 cility with which bones break in certain dis- 
 eases of the osseous texture. It is owing to a 
 deficiency of the animal matter. 
 
 FRAGMENT, Fragmert'tum, Fragmen, Ra- 
 men'tum, from frdngere, 'to break.' The 
 French use this term for the two portions of a 
 fractured bone ; thus, they speak of the superior 
 and inferior , fragment. 
 
 Fragments, Precious. A name formerly 
 given, in Ph'armaey, to the garnet, hyacinth, 
 emerald, sapphire and'topaz. The Arabs falsely 
 attributed to them cordial and alixiterial pro- 
 perties. 
 
 FRA0ONi Ruscus. 
 
 FRAGUM, see Fragaria. 
 
 FRAISE, see Fragaria. 
 
 FRAISIER, Fragaria. 
 
 FRAMBCE'SIA, Framia'sia, Lepra fungif- 
 erd, from Fra/dboise, (F.) A raspberry. Sfpk'- 
 ilis In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis, 
 Thymio'sis seu Lues In'dica, Vari'ola Amhoi- 
 nen'sis, Lepra fungifera, Scropk'ula Moluc- 
 ca!na. The Yaws, Ejnan, Pian. A disease 
 of the Antilles and of Africa; characterized by 
 tumours, of a contagious character, which resem- 
 ble strawberries, raspberries, or champignpiis; 
 ulcerate, and are accompanied by emaciation. 
 The Pian, for so the Indians call it, differs 
 somewhat in America and Africa; 
 
 Pian of Amer'ica, Framba'sia Ameriea'Tia, 
 Anthra'cia Ru'bula Americana, occurs under 
 similar-circumstances with tjje next, and seems 
 to be transmitted by copulation. The tumours 
 have a similar form, and are greater in propor- 
 tion to their paucity. In some cases they are 
 mixed with ulcers. 
 
 Pian of Guin'ea, Framiffi'iia Guineen'sis, 
 Anthra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common 
 amongst the negroes, especially in childhood and 
 youth. It begins by small spots, which appear 
 on different parts, and especially on the organs 
 of generation and around the anus ; ' these spots 
 disappear, and are transformed into an eschar, 
 to which an excrescence succeeds, that grows 
 slowly, and has the shape above descriWed. 
 
 The treatnient is nearly the same in the two 
 varieties. Thetunjours will yield to mercurial 
 friction, when small. ' When large they must 
 be destroyed by" caustic. In both cases, mercury 
 must be given to pj-event a recurrence. 
 
 An endemic disease resembling yaws was 
 observed in the Feejee Islands by the medical 
 officers of the United. States' Expforing Expedi- 
 tion. It is called by the natives Bthoie. 
 
 Feamecesia Illvrioa, Scherlievo. — f < Scotica, 
 Sibbehs. 
 
 FRAMBOISE, Rubus idseus. 
 
 FRANCOLIN, Attagen. 
 
 FRANGBS SYNOVIALES, Synovial 
 glands. 
 
 FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula. 
 
 FRANKING El^SE, COMMON, see Pinus 
 abies — f. True, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 FRANZENSBAD, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A celebrated water at Eger in Bohemia, 
 which contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 iron, and carbonic acid gas. The springs are 
 also called Fraiizensbrunnen. 
 
 FRASERA CAROLINIENSIS, see Calumba 
 — f. Officinalis, see Calumba — f. Walteri, see 
 Calumba. - 
 
 FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia. 
 
 FRATRATIO, Adelphixia. ' 
 
 FRAXINELLA, WHITE, Diotamnus albus. 
 
 FRAX'INUS EXCEL'SIOR. . The systema- 
 tic- name of the Ash tree, Frax'inus, Opius seu 
 Fraxinus sylves'tris, Bu^me'Ua seu Macedon'ica 
 Fracdnus,Bnmelia. 0»-(^. Oleineae. (V.)Frine. 
 The fresh bark has a moderately strong, bitter- 
 ish.taste. It has been said to possess resolvent 
 and diuretic qualities, and has been given in in- 
 termittents. The seeds, called Birds' tongues, 
 Lingjics avis, Omitkoglos'sse, have been exhi- 
 bited as diuretics, in the dose^of a drachm. Its 
 sap has been extolled against deafness. 
 , Feaxinus Macedonica, F. Excelsior. 
 
 Fraximus Oends, FraxinusMe'lia. The sys- 
 tematic name of the tree whence manna flows. 
 This substance is also called Manna Calabri'- 
 na, Ros CaZahri'nus, Aerom'eli, Drosom'eli, 
 Vrysom'eli, Mel ae'rium. In Sicily, not only 
 the Fjraxinus Ornus, but also the rotundifoliii 
 and eiBcehior are regularly cultivated, for the 
 purpose of procuring manna, which is their con- 
 densed juice. In the Ph. U. S. it is assigned to 
 the Ornus Europiea. Manna is inodorous, 
 sweetish, with a very slight degree of bitter- 
 ness ; in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale yel- 
 low colour; opake, and soluble in water and 
 alcohol. Jt is a laxative, and is used as a pur- 
 gative for children, who take it readily on ac- 
 count of its sweetness. More generally it is 
 employed as an adjunct to other purgatives. 
 Dose, ,^BS to |ij. Its immediate principle is 
 called 'Mannite.oT Mat?nin. This has been re- 
 commended by Magendie as a substitute for 
 toanna. Dose gij for children. 
 
 Fraxinws Rotundifolia, F. ornus. 
 
 FRAYEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia. 
 
FRECKLES 
 
 374 
 
 FRIGfORIFIC 
 
 FRECKLES, Ephelidea., 
 
 FREEMAN'S PATHING SPIRITS, see 
 Linim^ntum saponis compositum. 
 
 jRK£JiV,Fraeiium— /. du Clitoris, Fnenma 
 clitpridis— /. de la Langut, Fraenum linguas— /. 
 des Livres, Fraenum laborium— /. de la Verge, 
 Fraenum penis. 
 
 FREINS DE LA VALVULE X>B BAU- 
 HIN, Fraena of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 FREINWALDE, MINERAL- WATERS 
 OF. These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve 
 leagues from Berlin. They contain chloride of 
 sodium, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of mag- 
 nesia, sulphate of lime, carbonates of lime and 
 magnesia^ iron, &c.,' and are used in asthenic 
 
 ^B^klSSEMENT, Shuddering. 
 FS.AMISSEMENT C4r.4ZE£(F.),'Cat's 
 purr.' Laennechas given this name to the agi- 
 tation which is sensible to the hand, when ap- 
 plied on the prsBcordial region, and which he 
 considers a sign of ossification or other contrac- 
 tion of the auriculo-v^ntricular openiiigs. This 
 name was chosen by him from the analogy of 
 the sound to the purring of a cat. 
 
 FREMITUS, Bruissement, Fremissement, 
 Shuddering. i 
 
 The Pec'toral or Vocal Frem'itus or Pectoral 
 Vihra'tion is an obscure diffused resonance of the 
 voice, which is felt when the hand is applied to 
 the chest. 
 FRENA, Alveolus. 
 
 FRENE, Fraxinus excelsior—/. Apineux, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 FRENULUM, see Fraenum. 
 FRENUM, Frsnum. • -' 
 
 FRET, Herpes. i :. 
 
 FRiTILLEMENT, Fidgets. 
 FRICATIO, Friction. 
 FRICATORIUM, Liniment. 
 FRICE, Fricum, Frico'nium. A medicine 
 which the ancients employed under the form of 
 friction. They distinguished the Friee siccum 
 and F. molU — Gaubius. 
 FRICONIUM, Frice. 
 FRICTA, Colophonia. 
 FRICTIO, Friction— f. Humida, see Friction 
 — f. Sicca, see Friction. 
 
 FRICTION, Fric'tio, Frica'tio, Anat'riU, 
 Anatrip'sis, 'trypsis, Ghirap'aia, from fricare, 
 'to rub.' The action of rubbing apart of the 
 surface of the body more or less forcibly, 
 with the hands, a brush, flannel, &c., consti- 
 tuting Xerotrib'ia, Xerotrip' sis,' Fric'tio sicca, 
 or dry friction ; or with ointments, liniments, 
 tinctures, &c., aonalitatmgmoist friction, Fric'- 
 tio hu'mida. It is a useful mieans for exciting 
 the action of the skin. 
 
 Friction Sound, Bruit de frottement. 
 FRICTRIX, Trilade. 
 FRICTUM, liniment. 
 FRICUM, Frice. 
 
 FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants. 
 FRIGID, FHg"idus,XY.) Froid: same ety- 
 mon as Frigidity. Cold. Not easily moved to 
 sexjial desire. Impotent. 
 FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold. 
 FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itas, from frigidum, 
 'cold.' A sensation of cold. Also, inqiatence, 
 and sterility. Frigidity of the stomach is a 
 state of debility of that organ, imputed to ex- 
 cessive venery, — the Anorex'ia exkansto'rnm 
 of Sauvages. 
 
 FRIGIDUS, Frigid. 
 
 FRIGORIF'IC, from frigus, ' cold,' and 
 • I make.' That which has thfe power of j 
 ducing cold. The best FiiGOEiFio. Mixtd: 
 are the following., Their effects are owini 
 the rapid absorption of heat when solids p 
 into the liquid state. 
 
 ' Fkigoeific MixTtiKES with Snow. 
 Mia:tures. ' . Therm, fai 
 
 Snow, or poUnded ice, two 
 
 parts tiy weight) 
 Chloride of Soc&um, — - 1 
 Snow or pounded ice, - S 
 Chloride of Sodium, -, - S. g tp — 1 
 Mur. of Ammonia, - - " " 
 Snow or pounded ice, • «. 2 
 Chloride of Sodjumj - 10. '^ to — 1 
 Muriate of Ammonia, -' 5. 
 Nitrate'of Potash, - - 5. 
 Snow or pounded ice, - - IS. 
 Chloride of Sodium, - 5. 
 Nitrate of Ammonia, - - 5. 
 Dilut. Sulph. Aqid, - 2. 
 
 Snow, - - r - .3. 
 
 Concentr. Mur. Acid, - 5. 
 
 Snow, - - - - 8. 
 
 Concentr. Nitrous Acid, 4. 
 
 Snow, - - - - 7. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium, - 5. 
 
 Snow, - - - - A. 
 Crystall. Chloride ofCaltium, 3. 
 
 Snow, - - - - 2. 
 
 Fused Potash, - r , 4, 
 
 Snow, - - - , - 3. 
 
 Frigorific Mixtures may also be made byt 
 rapid solution of ^alts, without the use of sm 
 or ice. The salts must be finely powiered a 
 dry. 
 
 Feigoeific Mixtures without Show, 
 
 Therm.feii 
 
 . 5.1 'from+S 
 
 5. J to^l 
 
 Mixtures, 
 Mur. of Ammonia, 
 Nitrate of Potash, - 
 Water, 
 
 Mur. of Ammonia, 
 Nitrate of Potash, 
 Sulphate of Soda, - 
 Water, 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia, 
 Water 
 
 Nitrate of Ammonia, 
 Carbonate of Soda, - 
 Water, 
 
 Sulphate of Soda, 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid, 
 Sulphate of Soda, 
 Mur. of Ammonia, 
 Nitrate of Potash, 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid, 
 Sulphate of Soda, 
 Nitratje of Ammonia, 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid; - 
 Phosphate of Soda, - 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid, - 
 Phosphate of Soda, - 
 Nitrate of Ammonia, - 
 Dilut. Nitrous Acid, 
 Sulphate of Soda, 
 Muriatic Acid, 
 Sulphate of Soda, 
 Dilut. Sulphuric Acid, 
 
 from-f-S 
 tb-l-1 
 
 from-H5 
 to-f 
 
 ,from-f-5 
 to—' 
 
 from-f-S 
 to— 
 
 from+J 
 , to— I 
 
 from-1-5 
 to— 1 
 
 from-|-5i 
 to-T^l 
 
 from -f 5 
 to— 2 
 
 from -(.5 
 to— 
 
 from-fS' 
 to— : 
 
FEIGUS 
 
 375 
 
 FUCUS 
 
 FRIGDS, Cold— f. Tenue, see Rigor. 
 
 FRISSON, Rigor. 
 
 FRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation. 
 
 FROGLEAFj Braseni^ Hydropeltis,. 
 
 FROG TONGUE, Ranula. 
 
 FROGS' SPAWN; Sperma ranarum. 
 
 FBOID, Cold, Frigid—/. Glaeial, Ice-cold. 
 
 fiJOJSSJSaf^jrT,(F.) 'Rubbing, bruising.' 
 
 FROISSEMENT FULMONAIRE. A! 
 name given by M. Fournet to a respiratory 
 sound, wbich cpmmunicates to the ear the 
 sensation of the rubbing (froissement) of a 
 texture compressed against a hard body; It i^ 
 by no means well defined. 
 
 FROLEMENT, (F.) ' Grazing or touching 
 lightly.'^ , 
 
 FRQLBMENT F&RICARniQUE. Rust- 
 ling noise of the pericardium. A sound resem- 
 bling that produced by the crumpling of a piece 
 of parchment or of thick silken stuff, accom- 
 panying the systole and diastole of the heaft. 
 It' indicates roughness of the peticardium ' in- 
 duced by disease. 
 
 FROMAGE, Cheese. - 
 
 FROMRNT, Triticum. 
 
 FRONCEMENT, Corrugation. 
 
 FRONCLE, Furunculus. 
 
 FRONDE, Funda. 
 
 FRONT, Frons, Meto'pon, Forehead, Brow. 
 That part of the visage, -which extends from 
 one temple to the other, and is comprised in a 
 vertical direction, between the roots of the hair 
 and the superciliary ridges. 
 
 FRONTAL, Frmita'Ua. Relating or belong- 
 ing to the front. This name has been given 
 to several parts. Winslow, Sommering, and 
 others, call the anterior part of the occipito- 
 frontalis — the frontal muscle oxfronta'lis, Mus- 
 culo' sa Fr otitis Cutem movens suhstan'tia Par 
 (Vesalius)'. 
 
 Frontal Artery, A.supra-orliitilf lis, is'given 
 off by the ophthalmic, which is itself a tranch 
 of the internal carotid. It makes its exit from 
 the skull at the upper part of the base of the 
 orbit, and ascends the forehead between the 
 bone and the orbicularis palpebrarum; dividing 
 into three or four branches, which are distri- 
 buted to the neighbouring muscles. 
 
 Frontal Bone, Os frontis, O's corona'li, Os 
 inverecun'dum, Meto'pon, Ospwppis; Os Ratio' - 
 ids. A double bone in the foetus, single in the 
 adult, situate at the base of the cranium, and 
 At the superior part of the face. It forms the 
 vault of the orbit j lodges the ethmoid bone in 
 a notch at its middle part; and is articulated, 
 besides, with the sphenoid, parietal, and nasal 
 bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary, and 
 malar bones. 
 
 FRONTAL FuEEOTv extends upwards from the 
 frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in 
 its course, to lodge the upper part of the- supe- 
 rior longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment 
 to the falx cerebri. ■ 
 
 Frontal Neiive, Falftbro-fronfal^C\.^ 
 is the greatest of the three branches of the 
 ophthalmic nerve, — the first division of the 5th 
 pair. It proceeds along the superior -paries of 
 the orbit, and divides into two branches :^the 
 one, internal, which makes its exit from the 
 orbitar fossa, passing beneath the pulley of the 
 oblique muscle: — the other, external, issuing 
 from the same cavity, by the foramen orbita- 
 rinm superius. 
 
 Frontal PROTc'BERANOE,Ffo«*oi tuheros'ity, 
 Ttiher fronta'U, Suggrun'dium supercilio'rum. 
 The protuberance of the frontal bone above th$ 
 superciliary arch. 
 
 . Frontal Si'nuses, Fronta'les Sinus, Meio- 
 pan'tra, Prosopan'tra, Sinus Super cilia'res, 
 S.pitttita'rii frontis, Caver'nee frontis, are two 
 deep cavities in the substance of the frontal 
 bone, separated from each other by a medium 
 septum, and opening, below, into the anterior 
 cells' of the ethwoid bone. 
 
 Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na, is situate in 
 the middlg of the under part of the bone, and is 
 :formed by the coalescence of the inner tables 
 for thp attachment of the falx cerebri. 
 
 Surgeons have given the name Fronta'lis, 
 to a bandage or topical applicatioii to the fore- 
 ,head. Such have, also, been called,. Tfo^isTw- 
 ntSia and avav.o'^.'ktif^aTa. 
 
 Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance. 
 
 FRONT A'LE, from/rores, 'the forehead.' A 
 medicine applied to the forehead. 
 
 FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito- 
 frontalis. 
 
 Frontalis Vebus, Corrugator supercllii. 
 
 FRONTO-E'THMOID FORAMEN, Cactim 
 fpramen— /". ifasal, Pyramidalis'nasi— /. Sour- 
 dlier, Corrugator siipercilii. 
 
 FROSTBITE, Congelation. 
 
 FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, 
 Helianthemumi Canadense. 
 
 FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense. 
 
 FROTH'Y, from Gr. a^igo?, ' froth.' (?) Spu~ 
 mo'sus, (F.) Spumeux, jSeum^ux, Mousseux. 
 An epithet given to the faeces or sputa, when 
 mix«d with air. 
 
 FROTTEMENT, see Bruit de frottement. 
 
 FROTTEMENT GLOBULAtRE. Aname 
 given by M. Simounet, to the pulse in aortic 
 regurgitation, vrhen it is jerking, and, in well 
 marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted 
 of several little masses, which passed in succes- 
 sion under the fingejr applied to the artery. 
 
 FRUCTIFICATlb, Fectindation. 
 
 FRUCTUS HORiEI, Fruit, (summer)^f. 
 Inmiaturus, Abortion. 
 
 FRUGIV'OROUS, Frugiv'orus, homfrugea, 
 'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat.' One that eats fruits. 
 
 FRUIT, i^rMc*««,'from/rKj, 'to enjoy:' Car- 
 pos. In a medical sense it may be defined to 
 be; — that part of a plant which is taken as 
 food. The effects of fruits on the body, in a 
 medical as well as a dietetical point of view, are 
 various. They may be distinguished into classes: 
 for, whilst the CereaZso, , for example, afford 
 fruits, which are highly nutritious, the Summer 
 Fruits {Fructus flbrts'j,) which include straw- 
 berries, cherries, curra'nts,TOulberries, raspber- 
 ries, figs, gretpes, &c. are refrigerant and grate- 
 ful, but afford little nourishment. 
 
 FJIUMENTUM, Triticum— f. Cornicnlatum, 
 Ergot — f. Cornutum,Ergot — f. Luxurians,Ergot 
 — f. Temulentum, Ergot— f. Turgidum,-Ergot. 
 
 FRUSTRATOIRE (F.) Anyliquor, taken a 
 short time after eating, for the purpose of assist- 
 ing digestion, when difficult. Sugared water 
 eau sucree, or water with the addition of a little 
 brandy, or some aromatic substance, is com- 
 monly used forthis purpose. 
 
 FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, 
 Caa-ghivuyo— f.Indicns spinosus, Cara schulli. 
 
 FUCUS, F. vesiculosus. Paint. 
 
 Fucus AMTLA'CErs, Ceylon Moss, Marine 
 
FUGA D^MONUM 
 
 376 
 
 FUNCTION 
 
 Moss, This moss belongs to the natural order 
 AlgEE. It was introduced some years ago into 
 England, from India. It is white, filiform and 
 fibrous, and haa-the usual odour of sea-weeds. 
 Its medical properties are sjmilar to thpse of 
 Irish moss. ■ v > 
 
 Fucus, BladdeRj F. vesiculosus. 
 
 Fucus Cris*us, i/ichen Carrageen, Chondrus, 
 Ch. crispus, Spkaroeoc'cus crispus, UlUarrispa, 
 Chondrus polyTAor'phus, Irish mosS) Carrageen 
 or Corrigeen moss, (F.)Motcsse d'Islande, M. 
 perlee. This Fucus, of the Natural Family Alga, 
 is found on the coast of England, Ireland, West- 
 ern Fraince, Spain, ajid Portugal, arid as far as 
 the "tropics. It is alsd a native of the United 
 State^. In Ireland, it is used Tjy the poor as ah 
 article of diet. As met with in America,it Is 
 of alight yellow colour, and resembles plates 
 of horn, crisped'and translucent. An agreeable 
 jelly is obtained from it by boiling it in water or 
 milk, which forms a good article of diet in con- 
 sumptive cases. Its properties are indeed ex- 
 actly like those of the Iceland Moss. 
 
 Fuous Helmintho-coe-ton, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana — f. Saccharine, Rhodomela palmata. 
 
 Fucus VESictTLo'sus, Quercus Mari'na, Fu- 
 cus j Bladder Fricus, Sea Oak, Sea Wrach, Yel- 
 low Bladder Wrack, (F-) ^Varcc^ vesiculeux, 
 CMpe marin. It has been said to be a useful 
 assistant to sea- water, in the cure of disorders 
 of the glands. When the wrack, in fruit, is 
 driedj cleaned, exposed to a red-he^t in a cruci- 
 ble with a perforated lid, and is reduced to pow- 
 der, it forms the X'thiops vegetah'ilis — the Vv,l- 
 vis Quere&s Mari'nee of the Dublin Pharmaco- 
 poeia — which i^ used, like the burnt sponge, in, 
 bronchocelfe and other scrofulous swellings.. Its 
 efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. 
 Dose, gr. x. to Qij, mixed in molasses or honey. 
 See Soda. 
 
 FUGA D^MONUM, Hypericum perfora- 
 tum. ■' 
 
 FUGA'CIOUS, Fugax, from fugere, 'to fly.' 
 An epithet given to certain symptoms, which 
 appear and disap'pear alniost immediately after- 
 wards ; as a fugacious redness,'— a fugacious 
 swelling. Tumor fugax, &c. 
 
 FUGAX, ^Fugacious. 
 
 FU6E, horcifugo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.' 
 A common sufiix. Hence Febrifuge, Vermifuge, 
 &c. ' 
 
 FU'GILE, Fugil'la. This term has several 
 acceptations. It means, 1. The cerumen of the 
 ear. 2. The nebulous suspension in, or de- 
 position from, the urine. 3. An abscess near 
 the ear. — Ruland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in 
 general. 
 
 FUGILLA, Fu'gile. 
 
 FULGUR, Astrape. . 
 
 FULIG'INOUS, Fuligino'sus, Lignyo'des, 
 fioia fuligo, 'soot.' Having the colour of soot. 
 An epithet given to certain parts, as the lips, 
 teeth, or tongue, when they assume a brownish 
 colour, or rather are covered with a coat of that 
 colour. 
 
 FULI'GO, Mgnys, Soot, (F.) Suie, &c. 
 Wood soot, Fuligo Ligni) consists of volatile 
 alkaline salt, empyremnatic oil,( fixed alkali, 
 &c. A tincture, Tinctv!ra Fulig'inis, pre- 
 pared from it, has been recommended as a 
 powerful antispasmodic in hysterical cases. 
 [Fulig. lign-. ^ij. potass, subcarh. Biss, ammon. 
 muriat. §j. aqucefluviat. Oiij. Digest for three 
 
 days.) This tincture bears the name Soot dr 
 and Fit drops. An ointment of soot has b 
 used in various cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Fuligo Alba Philosop^okum, Ammo) 
 muHas. 
 
 .FULIGO'KALI, from fuligo, ' soot,' and k, 
 'potassa.' This is an analogous pceparation 
 anthrakokali ; soot being used in the place 
 coal. It is employed jn the same diseas 
 What might be regarded as a weak solution 
 fuligokali has been used for many years in P 
 ladelphia, under the names medical lye, «. 
 tea, alkaline solution, and dyspeptic lye, 
 
 FULLERS' EARTH, Ciraolia purpurescei 
 
 FULMEN, Astrape. - 
 
 FULNESS, Reple'tio,Plen'itude,Pletho'\ 
 Also, a feeling of weight or distention in 1 
 stomach of other part of the system. 
 
 FUMA'RIA, Fumt^ria oficin^lis, ' Fum 
 terra, Capnos, Herba mdanchoUfuga, Fu'rt 
 tory, Common Fu'mitory, Fumiter'ra, Sol'a'm 
 Scabioso'rum, {V .) Fumeterre, The leaves a 
 extremely succulent, and jjave a, bitter, son; 
 what saline, tasfe.' The infusion of the dri 
 leaves and tJie expressed juice of the fresh pla 
 have been extolled for their property of cleari 
 the skin of maliy disorders, of .the leproua kir 
 
 Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, Aristolochi'a faha'ci 
 Coryd'alus bulbo'sus, Capnor*ohis, The root 
 this plant .was formerly given as an emmeri 
 gogue and anthelmintic. (F.) Fmtieterre bi 
 
 FUMETERRE, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMIGATIO, Fumigation-if., Antiloinii 
 'Gaubii, see Disinfection — f. GuytoniensiB, s 
 Disinfection — f. Smythiana, see Disinfectioft 
 
 FU'MIGA'TION, Fumiga!tioi from fwra. 
 'smoke.' Suffi'tus, &Uffit"io, Suffumina't; 
 Suffumig"iu/m, Suf/vnen'tumij Aptica/pnis'nvu 
 Thymi'ama, Epithymi'a/ma, Hypothymi' am 
 Hypothymi'asis, Tkymi'asis, Oapnis'Tnos, R 
 pocapnis'ntos, Hypat'miis, Hypatmit'mus, An 
 tkymi'asis, from fumus, ' smoke.' An opei 
 tion, the object' of which is to fill a circui 
 scribed space with gas or vapour ; .'with the i 
 tention either of purifying the air,-of perfumii 
 it, or of chaTg;ing it with a substance proper f 
 acting upon a part of the surface of the hum! 
 body. Hence, fumigatioiis have been disti 
 guished into aqueous, aromatic, sulphureou 
 mercurial, disinfecting, Gu/ytonian, &c. Be 
 zoin generally coiistitntes the chief ingred\ei 
 in the Fumigating Pastilles, to which any v 
 riety of odoriferous substances may be adde 
 The following is one formula: J 
 
 5i. Benzoin, gj, cascarillss gss, myrrh, 9J, o 
 myrist.,ol. caryoph. ia. gtti x, potassa nitr'a 
 gss, carbon, lign. ^vj, mucil. trag. (q. s.). 
 
 Fumigation, Cjiloeine, see Disinfection- 
 Nitrous, see Disinfection-rf. Oxymuriatic, si 
 Disinfection. 
 
 FUMITERRA, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMITORY, Fumaria. 
 
 FUMUS ALBUS, Hydrargyrum-^f. Citr 
 nus. Sulphur — f. Terrae, Fumaria. 
 
 FUNAMBULA'TIO, from funis, 'a cord 
 and ambulare, ' to walk.' An exercise with tl 
 ancients, which consisted in scaling ropes. 
 
 FUNCTION, Func'tio,Ac'tio,(y.) Fonetioi 
 from fungor, ' I act,' ' perform.' The acti( 
 of an organ or system of organs. Any act, n' 
 cessary for accomplishing a vital phenomeno) 
 A function is a special office in the anim 
 
FUNDA 
 
 377 
 
 FURFURACEOUS 
 
 efonomy, whicli has as its instrument, an organ 
 or apparatus of organs. Thus, respiration is a 
 function. Its. otject is the conversion of ve- 
 nous into arterial Wood, and its instjTjment is 
 the lungs. Tfee ancient physiologists divided 
 jthe functions into ^mtal, animal^ and' natural. 
 They called 'vital functions' those which are 
 essential to life,_as innervation, circulation, re- 
 spiration i animal /jMsctions, thpsewhiehholon^ 
 to the encephalonj- viz : the functions of the in- 
 tellect, the atfectioiis of the mind, and the volun- 
 tary motions ; and natural functions, Faaulta'- 
 tes seu Actio'nes natura'lesj those relating to 
 assimilation, such as the actions bf the abdominal 
 viscera, of the'absorbent and exhalant vessels, 
 &c. Bichat divided the functions into those 
 which relate to the preservation of the indivi- 
 dual, and those that relate to the preservation 
 of the species. -The forhier he subdivided into 
 animal and organic. The dninial functioris or 
 functions of relation are those of the intellect, 
 sensation^ locomotion, and voice. The o?g^amc 
 functions include digestion, absorption, r,espira- 
 tipn, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and calo- 
 rification. "Y^as functions^ whose object is the 
 preservation of the species — the organic, nutri- 
 tive or vegetoiti've functions-^-&Te all those that 
 relate to generation ; — sucH as conception, ges- 
 tation, accouchement, &c. Each of these ad- 
 mits ofj numerous subdivisiohs in a complete, 
 course oi Physiology; — for so the dOctrine'of 
 the functions is called. 
 
 FUND A, Sphen'done, (F.) Fronde. A band- 
 age, composed of a fillet or long compress, 
 cleft at its extremities to within about tvi^ 
 inches of its middle. It is used in diseases of 
 the nose and chin, and especially in cases of 
 fracture of the lower jaw. In such case it has, 
 also, been called Mentonnihe, because placed 
 beneath' the chin; from (F.) Menton, 'the 
 chin.' ^ 
 
 FUNDAMENT, Anus— f. Falling down of 
 the. Proctocele. 
 
 FUNDAMEN'TAL, from /«»^ar(!,''to lie 
 deeply.' Some anatomists have called the sa- 
 crum Os Fundamentd'lki because it seems to 
 servfe as a base. to the vertebral column. The 
 sphenoid bone has, likewise, been so denomi- 
 nated, frorn its being" situate at the base of the 
 cranium. 
 
 FUNDUS, (F.) Fon^. The base of any or- 
 gan •which ends in a neck, or has an external 
 aperture; as the Fundus vesicae, F.. uteri, &c. 
 Also,^ the Vulva. ' . '' 
 
 FuNDXJs'VAGiNa;, Laquear vaginae. 
 
 FUNES CbRDIS, Columnae carnea— f. Se- 
 micirculares. Semicircular canals. 
 
 FUNGIFORM PAPILLiS,, see Papilfe of 
 the Tongue. ' - . 
 
 FUN'GOIb, Ftmgcfl'des, Myco'des, Fungi- 
 for'mis, Fun! giforrrt, (Fi) Fongoide, Fongi- 
 forme, from fui^gus,'3. mushrodm,' .and «i3of, 
 'resemblance.' That which has the shape of, 
 or grows in some measure like a inushroom, as 
 the fungoid or fungiform papillae of the 
 tongue. 
 
 Fungoid Disease, Encephaloid. 
 
 FUNGOS'ITY, Ftmgos'itas, Caro -Iwxu'- 
 rians, C. furigo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Fraud Flesh, 
 Hypersarco'ma, Hypersarco' sis, (F.) Fon'go- 
 site. The quality of that which is fungous :— 
 fungous excrescence, Exereseen'tia fungo'sa. 
 The fungosities which arise in wounds or ul- 
 25 
 
 cets, are easily repressed by gentle compres- 
 sion, dry lint, the sulphas' ctipri, or other gentle 
 caustics. At times, the more powerful are ne- 
 cessary, and, sometimes excision is required. 
 
 FUNGUS, Myees,. (F.) Fongus, Champig- 
 non. The mushroom, order of plants ; class 
 Cryptogamia, in the Linnaean system. In Pa- 
 thology the ■yvord is commonly used synony- 
 mously with fungosity, myco'sis. M. Breschet 
 has proposed to restrict the term fungosity to 
 vegetations , Which arise on denuded surfaces, 
 and to apply the term fungus to the tumours 
 which form in the substance of the textures, 
 without' arfy external ulceration. Fici, land 
 warts, foT example, would be fungi of the 
 skin. ^ 
 
 Fungus Aleus Saligneus, Boletus suaveo- 
 lens — f. Articuli, Spina ventosa-^f. Bleeding, 
 Hsematodes fungus — f. Cancrosus haematodes, 
 Haematodes Fi— f. Cancrosus mednllaris, see 
 Encephaloid — f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid — 
 f. Cerebri, Encephalocele— f. Cyrtosbati, Bede- 
 'guar-7-f. Hasmatbdes, Haematodes fungjis — rf. 
 Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — ^f. Laricis, Bole- 
 tus laiicis:— f. of Malti, 'Cynomorion cocci- 
 neum — f. MeduUaris, see Encephaloid — f. Me- 
 lanodes, Melanosis—/. MelitenSis, Cynotnoripn 
 coccineum — f. Petreeus marinus, Umbilicus 
 mariiius^^f. Querciniis, Boletus ignikrius-^f. 
 Rosarum, Bedeguar — f. Salicis, Boletus suav^o- 
 lens — f. Sambucinus, Peziza auricula'. ■ "^ 
 
 FUNICULUS', Cord— fT SpermaticuS, Sper- 
 matic cord — f. Tympani, Chorda tympani. 
 
 FuNio'uLUS Umbilicalis, Funis umhilica'lis, 
 Intestin'ulitm, Vin'culum.wmhilica'le, Vmhilical 
 Cord, Navel string; from Funis, ' a cord.' (F .) 
 CorSon iomHlicale. A cord-like substance, 
 which extends froin the placenta to the umbili- 
 cus of the fostus. It is composed of the cho- 
 rion, amnion, an albuminous secretion called 
 the Jelly of the^Cord, ceWulax substance, an 
 umbilical vein, and two umbilical ai;tejies. 
 The former conveys the blood from the pla- 
 centa to the fcetus — ^the latter return it. All 
 these parts are surrounded by 'a, sheath — Inves- 
 titu'ra seu Vagi'na funic'uli uniHilica'lis . Its 
 usual length is from .16 to 2!i inches. - ' 
 
 Funiculus Vakicosus, Cirsocele. 
 
 FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus — f. Argenteus, Me- 
 'dulla' spinalis — f. Hippocr^tis, Achillis tendo — r 
 f. Umbilicalis, Funiculus umbilicalis. ' 
 
 FUR, Enduit. 
 
 FURCEiiLA, Fur'cula ; diminution oifurca, 
 ' a fork.' The upper part of the sternum, the 
 clavicle. . The Fourchette. 
 
 FuRCELLA Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 FURCHMUHL, MINfeRAL WATERS OF. 
 These Bavarian springs contain ^ carbonic acid, 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonates of lime and 
 soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides 
 of iron and magnesium, &c. 
 
 FURCILLA, Fourchette. • ■ 
 
 FUR CUL A.i Furcella, Clavicle, Fourchette. 
 
 FXTREim UTERINE, Nyrttphomania. ' 
 
 FURFUR, Fran, Pzt'yron, Ach'yroyi; Apo- 
 hras'ma^ Lem/ma, Cantabrji'no, (F.) Son. The 
 decoction is sometimes employed as an emollient. 
 
 FURFURA, Scarf. ' ' 
 
 FURFURA'CEOUS, fvom furfur, .'bran.'. 
 Scurfy, Gdrticd'ceous, Pithyri'nus, Pityroides,- 
 Fityro'des. Resembling bran. A name given 
 to eru})tions, in which the epiderihis is de- 
 tached in small scales resembling bran. Also, 
 
FURFURATIO 
 
 378 
 
 GALACTOMETER 
 
 a bran-like sediment observed at times in the 
 urine; — Tlrinafurfura'cm, Sedimen'tvm Xfri'na 
 
 FURFURATIO, Porrigo, Pityriasis. - 
 
 rURFURISCA, Pityriasis. •■ - 
 
 FU'RIA INFERN A'LI^. A kind of vermi- 
 form insect, scarcely two lines Ipng, common 
 in Sweden, which JBies about and stings both 
 man and animals, exciting the most excrucia- 
 ting torture.^^ 
 
 FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes. 
 
 FURIGSUS, Maniodes; 
 
 FURIOUS, Maniodes. , 
 
 FURNAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, 
 Azores, which contains' carbonic acid, and car- 
 bonate of iron.' 
 
 FtTRONCLE, Furunculus. 
 
 FURONCLE GTIEPIEK. A malignant 
 boil. Wasp's nest boil, which generally attacks 
 the nape and region of the neck, ^ and rarely 
 others than' old pe,oiple. Hence it has been 
 called Old People's boil. 
 
 FUROR, Mania— f.Brevis^ Rage— f. Maniaj 
 Mania— -f. Uterinus,-Nymphomania, 
 
 FURROW, MENtO-LABIAL, see Miinto- 
 labial furrow. 
 
 FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma— f. 
 Ventriculus, see Furunculns. 
 
 FURUN'CULUS, from funare, ' to make 
 mad.' Chi'adus, Chi'oli, Doth'ien, Pothion, 
 
 Fury,n'culus suppurcao'rius, F. Verus, F. 
 nig'nus, Fhymn' furun'culus, Absces'sus : 
 clea'fn?. K furuncle, a boil, aHle< (F.) j 
 roncle, Fronde, CloU. A small phlegm 
 Tyliich appears urtder the formof a conical, ha 
 circumscribed tumour, having its seat in 
 dermoid texture. % At the end of an uncert 
 period, 4t becomes pointed, white or yelk 
 and gives exit to pus mixed w:ith blood. Wl 
 it breaks, a small, grayish, fibrous mass son 
 Itimes appears, which consists -of deadcellu 
 tissu^ This is called the CoJ:e, Sepfast, Vi 
 .tric'mm seu Ntuilefts Ftirun'euli, (F.) Bo\ 
 hillfm. The abscess does- not heal until af 
 its separation. The indicatipns of treatuK 
 are, — to discilss by the application of leecl 
 and .warm fomentations.; — or, if this cannot 
 done', to encourage suppuration by warm, em 
 lient cataplasms. When suppuration is i 
 tirely established, the part may be opened 
 suffered to break, according to circumstance 
 
 Frrnuwcui-TTs Gahgsr^hosus, - Anthrax— 
 Malignus, Anthrax. , 
 ■FU^AEFXTRULBNTE,.(J.-) The lo 
 and sinuous route, which pus takes, in cerb 
 cases, in making its way to the surface. Thi 
 Fusees almost always' form breath the sk 
 between the muscles y or along aponeuros 
 bones, tendons, &c. 
 
 FUSEL OIL, see Oil, Fusel. 
 
 FUSTIC TRBE,,Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 
 FUTUTOR, Tribade. 
 
 G. 
 
 The Greek G,r, with the ancient Greek physi- 
 cians, signified an ounce. — Rhod.ad Scribonium. 
 
 GABALLA, Cabal. 
 
 GABELLA, Mesophryon. 
 
 GABIR'EA, )"«(Sie£«. A fatty kind of niyrrh, 
 mentioned by Dioscoridea. 
 
 GiEOPHAGIA, Geophagism. ' 
 
 G^OPH'AGUS, from yam, 'earth,' and 
 tfnym, ' I eat.' One who eats earth. 
 
 GAGEL, Myrica gale. 
 
 GAGUE SANG, Caquer-sang. 
 
 GAHET,Cagat. 
 
 GAIAC, Guaiacum. 
 
 GAILLET A.CCROCIIANT, Galium apa-' 
 rine — g.' Crockamt, Galium aparine — g. Jaune; 
 Galiarn verum — g. Yrai, Galium veriTm. 
 
 GAINE, Vagina or ^eaXh-^g.'del'ApQphyse 
 styloide. Vaginal process of the temporal bone 
 — g. de 1(1 veine parte. Vagina or sheath of the 
 vena porta. 
 
 GALA, yo\a, genitive yiXatTO!, milk; hence : 
 
 GALACTACRA'SIA, from yxXa, 'milk,' 
 and axpaaix, ' imperfect mix4«r&.' A morbid 
 mixture or cbnstitutiou of the milk. 
 
 iSALACTACRATIAj Galactia. 
 
 GALACTAGOGA, Galactopflietica. 
 
 GALACTAPOSTEMA,'Mastp.iJynia aposte- 
 matosa. ' , 
 
 GALAC'TIA, Gtdactirrhida, Gaiaetorrhaia, 
 frotm yoKa, ^milk.' Ztac^sr^dv-tidan'tia, F-oly- 
 g£kkK^ti(L, Galactoze!mia- A redundant flow of 
 milk, either in a female yrho is suckling, or in 
 one who, is. not. It majc oec»r without being 
 piovoke^by suckling. When to a great extent. 
 
 it spmetimes causes wasting; Tabes lac'tea, 
 njitri'cum. Dr. Good uses 0a/[acWa,^in his I 
 sology, for ' morbid flotv or deficiency of mil 
 Galactacrati'a. 
 
 GALACTICUS, Lactic. 
 
 GALACTIFER, Galictophorons. 
 
 GAL ACTINE, Casein: . , 
 
 GAL.ACTINUS, Lactic. 
 
 6ALACTIRRHCEA, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTIS, Galaxias. 
 
 GaLACTIS'CHESIS, Galactos'chesia,. L 
 tis reten'tio, from yalu, ' milk,' and "J'"", ' 
 restrain.' Retention or suppression Qunilk 
 
 GALACTITES, Gajactis, 
 
 GALACTOCATARACTA. Catara 
 (Milky.) 
 
 , GALACTO'DES, from. ynXA, 'milk,' s 
 tii«c, 'resemblance.' , In Hippocrates, the te 
 signifies milkwarm, and likewise a milky 
 lour, as of the urine — uri'na galactb'desj 
 
 GALACtODLiE'TA, Bim'ta lac'tea, fr 
 yaxa, 'milk,' and Sicura,' diet.' A millf # 
 : GALAGTOtilARRHCEA, Cceliac Flnx. 
 I GALACTOGANGLIOJf, Milk feot. 
 
 GAtACTOBM'm ki'GalAed^'rtia, ft 
 >«*«, 'milk,' and 'aijitu, 'blooj:' LMiis 'i 
 guinolen'ti Excre'tia. The secretion of bJlW! 
 ; or bloodlike njiilk. 
 
 \ G:ALACTOMASTQPARECTPMA-.?tes 
 idynia apostematosa. 
 
 ': GALACTOM'ETER»i.acif(.m'etisr,fri?ni)to 
 i' milk,' and nivitov, ' measure.' Aninstru"^ 
 for appreciating the quantity of cream in mi 
 It is a kind of graduated separatory or epr, 
 
GALACTONCUS 
 
 379 
 
 GALEDPSIS 
 
 vette, — ^the degtees on the scale indicating the 
 thickness of tie layer of eieam that, fo^ws on 
 the surface of the milk. 
 
 GAL AC T ON'CU S, Turnor lae'tem, from 
 yaXft, ' milk,' and oyxos, ' a swelling.' A milk 
 iamour. 
 
 GALAC T P H 'AGOUS, <?alaetoph.'agus, 
 Laetiv'orus, sometimes used- silhstantively j 
 from yvXa, ' milk,' and <p*y», ' I eat.' That 
 which feeds on milk. A name given to certain 
 people, with whom milt appears to constitute 
 the ciiief nourishment.:^. • ■: ,. 
 • GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoietica. 
 
 GALACTOPH'OROUS, Galae'Hfer, Lae'ti- 
 fer, Lattif'erous, from v«ia, 'milk,' and ift^f, 
 ' I carry.' That which carries milk. 
 
 Galactoph'okous Or Laotif'erobs Ducts, 
 are those which convey the milk, secreted by 
 tie mammary glaiid,towards the nipple, where 
 their external orifices are situate. The.iao- 
 teali have also been so called. 
 
 GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucjheurs 
 have given this tiarae to an instrument intended 
 to.fecilitate sucking, when the faulty confor- 
 mation of the nipple prevents the child fronj 
 laying Jxold of it. 
 
 6ALACTO;PH'YGUS, from yaJ-a, fmilk,' 
 and iptuysd, ' to shun.' That which arrests or 
 disperses the secretion of milk. Hence Galae- 
 toph'yga Medicainen'ta, 
 
 GAIfACTOPLA'NIA,Jt?e«a«'t<wi«seu-ilier- 
 ra^tio sen Vix, extraOrdiiia.''risB lactiSf Gal.sici_or- 
 rha'a erro'nen, from yoxa, ' milk,' and irKavri, 
 < wandering.' Extravasation of mjlk into the 
 cellular membrane. Secretion of milk else- 
 where than from the breasts. 
 
 Gi*.LACTOPLER0'SIS, from ya,la,'.m\Xk,' 
 vaAkt}>ifii>(ric,'T^'p\iXion.' Redundance of Inilk. 
 
 QALACTOPOEA, Galactppoietica. 
 
 GAI,ACTOPOESlS, Galactopoiesis. 
 
 GALACTOPOIESIS; QalactoSis, 
 
 GALACTOPOIET'ICA, Galaetoph'gra, Ga- 
 lactago'ga, GalaetopoiW, from yuAct, ' milk,' and 
 jroKia, 'I make.' Substances, to which has 
 been attributed the property of favouring the 
 secretion of.milk-and augmenting its quantity. 
 
 GALACTOPO'SIA, from y«ia, ' milk,' and 
 aoa-K,. 'drink.' The drinking of milk. Treat- 
 ment of a disease by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOP'OTES, Gaiactop'otus, Laotipor 
 tor. Same etymon. A drinker of ipilk. Qae 
 subjected to a milk diet. 
 
 GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALAOTOPYRKTTJS, Fever, milk. 
 
 GALACTORRHCEA, Galactia— g. Errouea, 
 Gralactoplania.T— g. Saccharata, Saceharorrhcea 
 
 GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharura lac- 
 tis-. , 
 
 GAIACTQSCHESIS, Gakctisohesis. 
 
 GA^^AGTO'SIS,' ' GaloiC^o-pgie' sis^ (ralacto- 
 poe'sis, Secre'tzo lactis, from yaAatxTo^ai, ' I am 
 changed into milk,' The secretion or forma- 
 tion of milk. ^ _ , .' 
 
 GALACTOT'ROPHE, Gala&otvo^h'ia; from 
 ■fttXa, ' milk,' and Tuoipij, ' nourishmeut.'" Nou- 
 rishment by means of milk. 
 
 GALACTOZK'MIA, from yaia, ' roilk,' gind 
 tn/iia, ' loss.' Loss of milk. Also, Galactia. 
 
 GALACTU'GHOS, from >*\«, ' milk,' and 
 »/««, < to have.' Suckling. Giving i»iik. 
 
 GALACTURIA, Chyluria. 
 
 GALANGA, Maranta galanga. 
 
 GAIiANGAL, Maranta galanga. 
 
 GALANGALE, Cyperus longus. 
 .GALAIRIPS, AHamanda. 
 
 GALAXLA, Thoracic duct. 
 
 GALAX'IAS, GalacH'tes, Galacftis. A milk 
 stone. A stone supposed to be capable of pro- 
 moting the secretion of milk. 
 
 GALBANUM',- see Bubon galbanum.— g. 
 Long-leaved, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 GAL'BULUS, from galbus, 'yellow.'. A 
 kind of . congenital jr.undicei in which the yel- 
 low' colour continues through life. It is rather 
 a defect in colour than a disease. — Vogel. 
 ' GALE, Myrica gate' — g. Odorant, Myrica 
 gale — ^g. Sweet, Myrica gale. 
 , (a^ALE, Psora — g. Canine, Psoriasis— ^a. ^pi- 
 demique, Eczema — g. Miliaire, P^oriaais— g-. 
 SlcKe., Lichen, Psoriasis. 
 
 GA'LEA. ' A helmet, from yaii;, * a cat;' of 
 the skin of which it was forrrierly made. A 
 name given tp the amnios, and also, to the band- 
 age of (hden. liLBaiJiology, it indicates a head- 
 : ache affecting the whole head. See, also, Caul. 
 
 Galea Aponevbot'ioa Cap'itis, Ga'lea ten- 
 din'edi Santori'ni, Ga'lea cap'itis, Memivdna 
 . epicra'nia. The tendinous expansion, which 
 unites the frontal and occipital portions of the 
 occipifo-frontalis muscle. 
 
 -GALE AMAUROSIS, Aipaurotic cat's eye. , 
 
 GALEAN'CON, Gcdiaif'con, from yaiea; ' a 
 cat,' ' a weasel,' and ayzat, ' an elbow.' Mus- 
 ' teld'neuiL. . One who has two short arms» ' 
 
 GALEAN'THROPY, Galeanthro'pia, from 
 Yttir], 'a cat,' and av»^mMq, ' a man.' A va- 
 riety of melancholy in which the patient be- 
 lieves himself changed into a cat. An affection 
 similar to lycanthropy and cynanthropy. 
 
 GALE^GA 'OFFICINALIS, Galega-; Ruta 
 capta'ria, Goa/t's ru^, {V.)Rue de ehivue, Faux 
 Indigor It is slightly aromatic, and was once 
 used as a sudorific and alexiterial, in malig- 
 nant fevers, &e. 
 
 > Galega VirsinIa'na,. Tephro'sia- Virginia- 
 ns, • Turkey pea, Virginia Goat's rue or eat 
 gut, is used in some parts of 'the United States 
 as an anthelmintic. The decoction of the root 
 is given. 
 
 GALENEj-Graphites. 
 
 GALENEA, Graphites. S' 
 
 GALENIC, Galfnlieal, Gaten'imu, Gale'- 
 niits, from Galenws.., Tljat which relates to 
 the doctrine of Galen or to Galenism. Used, 
 substantively, for drugs that are not chymical. 
 
 Gai.ei»ic"Medicine, Galenism. 
 
 GA'LEJJISM, Galen'iemed'ivine-. ' The doc- 
 trine of Galen. 
 
 GA'LENIST, Oahnis'ta, GaUnis' tes , A fol- 
 lower of the doctrine' of Galon. 
 
 GALENIUS, Galenic. 
 
 GALEOBDOLON, Galeojisisi 
 
 GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis. 
 
 GALEOPSIS, Lamium album. 
 
 Galeop'sis, GaUo-pf'sis, Gahob'doltm, Gaig- 
 op'dalon, Jja'vdv/m vuhrwm, TJrti'ea iners 9>tag^9 
 faitidis'sima, Staehys fa'tida, Hedge: nettle, 
 (Fi) Ortie morte des hois. This plant was for- 
 merly reckoned a vulnerary and anodyne, 
 
 Galeop'sis Gbandiflo'ea, G. Oehrolen'ea, 
 G. Seg"etifmi, Serba Sideritidis. This plant 
 is regarded in Germany as a bitter resolveat. 
 It ia the basis, also, of a celebrated nostynm, the 
 Bianieai^eimer Tea, called, likewise, i4ilei's 
 pectoral and pkthimni hMts (Liebersche 
 
GALEROPIA 
 
 380 
 
 GANGLION 
 
 Brust Oder Auszehrungs-Krauter,) 
 which h^s enjoyed great repute in pectoral 
 coraptaints. The tops :of the plant ^re given 
 in decoction, (gj, boiled in a pint of water &r 
 a qjiarter of an hour^) This quantity to ' be 
 taken in a day, ■ , . 
 
 GAiEOP'sis Veh.sio''olob., and G. Viwo'sa, 
 are possessed of the same virtues.' 
 
 Galeofsis QeSBOLEucA, G. grandiflora — g. 
 Segetum, G. grandiflora; 
 GALEROPIA, Oxyopia. 
 GA'LIA. An ancient composition, in vfhicb 
 galls were an ingredient ; the Galia pura. 
 There was, also,_a Galia aro'mat'ita^'moschalta 
 vel Ttmsca'ta, which consisted of a mixture of 
 several perfumes, such as musk. 
 GaIiANCON, Galeancon. ' 
 GALIOPSIS,,Galeopsis. 
 - GAUPiEA FEBRIFOGA, Cilsparia febri- 
 ffiga-^gi Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga.. 
 e^iZPOr, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 GA'LIUM, (from );a\a, ' milk,' because some 
 species curdle ihilk.) G. verum. 
 
 Galium Album, ,G. Mollugo. ^ 
 
 Ga'lium Apari'Se, Aparine, Lappa, Philan- 
 tkro'pus, Ampeloear'pusyOmphaloear'pus, Ixus, 
 Asphari'ne, Asper'ula, Goose-grass, CleaMr's 
 bees, Cleavers, Goose-shiire, JEfayriff. Family, 
 Rubi^ceae. Sex.S^st. Tttrandyia lyionogynia. 
 (F.) Gaillet accrochant, G. crochant, Gratteron. 
 The Expressed juicfe has b^een given as an aperi- 
 ent diuretic in incipient dropsies; also, in cancer. 
 Galium Ldtbum, G. verum. - 
 Galium Mollu'go, Galiv/r/i aihum. Greater- 
 ladies'- bed-straw, Alys'sum Plin'ii, (P.) Cailr 
 lelaifUane. The herb and flowers, have been 
 used, medicinally, in epilepsy. - 
 
 Ga'lium Tingto'ruM, an American species, 
 closely allied in properties to G. vei'um. 
 
 Ga'lium VekuMj 'Ga'liv/m, Q- iu'tezwi, La-^ 
 dies' bed-Straw, Cheese-rermet, Bed-straw, 
 Cleavewort, Goose'grass, Savoyan, Ciabber- 
 grass,MilJly sweet, Poor Robin, Gravel-gi>ass, 
 (F.) Gaillet jaune, \G. vrai, Vrai Caillelait. 
 The -tops were used in t^e cure of epilepsy. 
 The leaves and flowers possess the property of 
 curdling milk. 
 
 GALL, Bile, Glassj see Eczema-lmpetigino- 
 des, Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum — g. of the 
 Earth, Prenanthes — g. Nut, see Quercus infecto- 
 ria — g. of the Ox, see Bile — g. ^ickness. Fever, 
 Walcheren — g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria. 
 GALL-BLADDER, Vesic'iila felUs, Chol'- 
 lecysi, ChoJ.ecys^is, Follic'wlus fellis, Cystis 
 fel'lea, Vesi'ca fellea, Vesia'ula bilis, Vesi'ca 
 iilia'ria,Follie'ulus fel'leuSfCystis choled'oehus, 
 (F.) Vesieule du fiel ou Vesicule biliaire,Reser-. 
 voir de la bile. A membranous, pyriform re- 
 servoir, lodged in a superficial depression at the 
 inferiqr surface of the right lobe of the liver. 
 It receives, by the iepatic and cystic ducts, a 
 portion of the bile secreted by the liyer^ when 
 the stomach is empty^ which becomes in it more 
 acrid, bitter, and thick. It receives an artery 
 called the eystia. Its veins empty,, into the 
 vena porta. , Its nerves come from the hepatic 
 plexus, audits lymphatic vessels join those. of 
 th&liv^r. 
 ' GALLA, see Qiiercus' infectotia — g. Maxima 
 Orbiciilata, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALLiE QUERCTjSjsee Quercus infectoria 
 — g. TinctorisB, see Quercus infectorid — g. Tur- 
 oicae, see Quercus infectoria. 
 
 GALL ATURA, Molecule. 
 GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallina- 
 ginis cajjut. 
 
 GALLINAG"INIS CAPUT, GaUi gaiUna'- 
 cei Caput, Capvi gallina'ceiim,Veru7aonta'>»m, 
 Crista urethra'lis, Crite urethrale, — (Ch.,) 
 from Gallinago, ' a woodcock.' An oblong, 
 rounded, projection, formed by ' the mucous 
 membrane in the spongy portion-of the Urethra, 
 at the sid^s of which the'ejaculatory ducts open. 
 GAL'LIPOT. perhaps iromgala, <finery.' 
 (?) A pdt painted and glazed or mer^y glazed, 
 and commonly used to hold medicines. ' 
 GALLITRlCHUM, Salvia sclarea. 
 GALLSTONES, Calculi, biliary. 
 GALLUS, Eunuch. 
 GALRED A, Gelatin. i . 
 
 GAL'VANISM, Galvanis'mus, Electric"ita> 
 (tmm,a'lis, E*' Galv.an'ica vel metal'licOf, Irrita- 
 men'tum metallo'rum vel metal' lievmi,V6l'taism, 
 VoltaHc Electricity. - A series of phenomena, 
 cpnsisting in sensible movemerjts, executed by 
 animal parts, which are endowed with irrita- 
 bility, when placed in connexion with two 
 metallic plates of different nature,' between 
 which a communication , is established by di- 
 rect contact or by means of a metallic wire. 
 Galvanism has been employed medicinally in 
 the same cases as electricity, and eapecially in 
 neuralgic affections. It is often a'pplied'in the 
 form-of plates, — " Mansford's pKtes." In asth- 
 ma, for exampile, a-sfflall blister, the size of a 
 dollar, may he. placed on the, neck over the 
 course of the phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, 
 and another on the side in Jhe regionof the dia- 
 phragm . One metal is placed mediately or im- 
 mediately over ' the vesicated surface on the 
 nedky and another over that in (the side. They 
 are then connected by means of & wire. The 
 new nervous impression, in this way induced, 
 is often signally 'beneficial. ' 
 
 GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture. 
 6AMBA, Patella. 
 GAMBATIUS, Crab. 
 GAMBIER, see Nauclea gambir. 
 GAMBt>GIA, Cambogia. 
 GAMMARUS, Crab. 
 GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA. Cauteries, 
 having the shape of the Greek letter r ; which 
 were ijsed for cauterizing hernias.. 
 ' GAMMAUT. The Italians, according to 
 Scultetus, gave this name to a kind of crooked 
 bistouri, used for opening abscesses. > 
 GAMMISMUS, PsammismuS. 
 GAMPHE, Gena. 
 
 GAMPHELE, Gena, MaxillatyBone. 
 GANGAME, Epiploon. 
 GANGAMUM, Epiploon. ", 
 GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA, Thalami 
 nervorum opticoruni — g. Nervorum, Ganglions, 
 nervous, see Ganglion — g. Sensory, see Sensory 
 ganglia. 
 
 GANGLIAR, Ganglionic. 
 GANG'LIFORM, Gang'tioform, Ganglifot'- 
 mis. Having the shape of a ganglion. Ariaipe 
 generally given to a knot-like enlargement, in 
 the course of a nerve. 
 
 GANGLI'OLUM, Diminutive of ganglion. 
 A small ganglion. 
 
 GANG'LION,(?amg'';»Mm, 'aknot.' A name 
 given to organs diflfering Considerably from 
 each other in size, colour, texture, functions, 
 &c. They are divided into glandiform, lym- 
 
GANGLION 
 
 381 
 
 GANGRENE 
 
 photic, and nervQUs. 1. Glandiform gang- 
 lions, called also adenoid, vascular, and sam- 
 gttiTieous ganglions, blind glands, aporicglands, 
 glandules spuria,^ &c., jBie organs of Whose 
 functions we -are, in general, ignoraiit; and 
 which have the appearance of glaijda. They 
 are formed o"f agglonierated glphules, pervaded 
 hy hlood-vessels, surrounded by celldlar mem- 
 brane, and contain a miUcy or yellowish fluid. 
 To this class belong the thymus, thyroid, and 
 Bitpra-renal glands. ?. In/mphat'iesanglions. 
 See Conglobate. 3. Nervous ganglions. Gan- 
 glia sen Nodi seu Nod'nli Nervo'rum, Ganglio'- 
 nes, Twnio'res seu Plexus ganglioform'es. 
 Fleams glandifor'mes, Tuher'cula nodo'sa Nerr 
 vo'rvMi, Dive7-tic'nla spirit-uzim anima'lium* 
 Enlargements or knots in the course oS a nerve. 
 They belpng, in general, to the system of the 
 great sympathetic.- One, however, exists^' on 
 the posterior root of every spinal- nerve, and. 
 on one c^ebral, — the Sth. Bichat regarded 
 them as so many small brains, or centres of 
 nervous action, independent of the en(:ephaloi>, 
 and intended exclusively for organic, life. Be- 
 ing formed by the union of the cerebral and 
 spinal nerves, they may send, out the influence 
 of both these nervous centres to the parts to 
 which the nerves proceeding from them are dis- 
 tributed. We know not, however, their pte- 
 cise uses, although it is probable that they may 
 be connected with tlje nutrition of the part, on 
 which the nerves proceeding from .them are 
 dispersed. ' , 
 
 Ganglion. Same etymon. EmpTiy'ma en- 
 cys'tia^ ganglion. ■ A globular, hatd, indolent 
 tumour, without change in the colour of the 
 skin; of a size varying from thatipf a pea, -to 
 that of an egg, and always situate imthe course 
 of a tendon. , The tumour is formed of a viscid, 
 albuminous fluid, contained in a- cyst of greater 
 or less thickness . The cyst is sometimes loose ; 
 but in the majority of cases it communicates, 
 by a narrow footstalk, with the sheath of a 
 tendon, or even with the synovial capsule of a 
 neighbouring articulation. The causes are ge- 
 nerally unknowi^ The *reBt*ie»t consists in 
 compression, percussion, the use of discutients, 
 extirpation,, or incision. 
 
 Ganslioh ASdominale, G. semilunar — g. 
 Adenoid, G. gl£(^ldiform^. of Andersch, Pe- 
 trous ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary liga- 
 ment— g. Auricular, Oticum G. — g. AzygOus, 
 see Trisplanchnic nerve — g. Cardiac, Cardiac 
 plexasr— g. Cerebelli, Corpus dentatum-^g. Ce- 
 rebri Anterius, Corpora striata — g. Cerebral 
 inferieur, grand, Thalami nervorum opticorUm 
 —g. du CerieZef, Corpus dentatum — g. Ciliare, 
 Corpus dentatusi— g. Ciliary,' Ophthalmic gan- 
 glion. 
 
 Ganqlion op Ehrenritter, Gam^iiore jie/tit 
 gb>aso-pharynge'i s,iipe'rius, G'.jugula'rS supe'- 
 riiis, G. Ehrenritteri seu Mulleri. . A reddish- 
 gray mass on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in 
 the foramen lacerum, above the ganglion of 
 Andersch. 
 
 Ganglion of Gassee, Gan'glium seu Gan'- 
 glion Gasseri, -Moles gangliform'ia, Intumes 
 een'tia gangtiform'is seu semilunic^ris, A se- 
 micircular knot oh the Sth pair of nerves, before 
 .its division into three branches. 
 
 I Ganglion, Glandiform, see Ganglion g. 
 
 Impar, see Trisplanchnic nerve^g. Jugulare 
 Superius, G. of Ehrenritter— g'. Laiteux, Milk- 
 
 knot— g. Lenticular, G. oiihthalmic—g.. Lym- 
 phatic, Conglobate gland— g-. Maxillo-tympa- 
 nique, Oticum G.— g. of Meckcsl, Spheno-pala- 
 tine G.— g. Mulleri, -G. of Ehrenritter— g. Na- 
 sopalatine, see Nasopalatine ganglion — g. Nervi 
 gloaso-pharyngei, superius, G. of Ehrenritter — 
 g. , Ophthalmic, see Ophthalmic ganglion— g. 
 Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula — g. Orbitar, G. 
 o^thalmic— g. Oticuin, Oticum G- — gj- Petrosal, 
 see Petrous ganglion. 
 
 Ganglion OF THE Pneumogastric. A gan- 
 glionic structure in the pneumogastric as it 
 passes through the forameiii lacerum posterius. 
 
 Ganglion of Eiees. A nervous ganglion 
 said to exist upon the anterior communicating 
 artery of the brain, and to bp found at, the point 
 of junction of the right and left trunks of the 
 sympathetic. 
 
 ^Ganglion SANG-uiNteous, G. glandiform^— g. 
 Sensory, see Sensory ganglia — g. Solare, G. se- 
 milunare — g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan- 
 glion — g. Splanchnicum, G. semilunare— g-. Su- 
 perieurdu cerveau.(gran4,) Corpora striata— g-. 
 Surrenal, G.'semilunare — g. Transversum, G. 
 semilunare — ^g. Vascular,' G. glandiform — g. de 
 Vieu^sens, Cceliac plexus. 
 
 GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic. 
 
 GANGLIONES GANGLIOFOKMES,, Gan- 
 gjions, nervous.- ■ 'v- 
 
 GANGLION'IC, Ganglion'icus, Gan'glio- 
 nary, Gan'gliar. Relating to ganglia. Nerves 
 are so callfed' ih the course of which ganglions 
 are met with; as the greater part of the branches 
 of the great sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the 
 posterioi: ropts of the spinal nerves, &c. 
 
 Ganglionic Nerve, Trisplahchnip nerve. 
 
 GANGLIONI'TIS,;Gare^Z*'i'«jV, from yayylioy, 
 ' a- ganglion,? and itis,- denoting inflammation. 
 Infllinmation ofanervous ganglion. Soinetimes 
 used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 Ganglionitis Peripherica et Mbdullaris, 
 Cholera. 
 
 GANGLIUMjGanglion — g. Gasseri,Ganglion 
 of Gasser. 
 
 GANGR^NA ALOPECIA, Alopecia-^g. 
 Caries, Caries — g. Nosocomiorum, - Hospital 
 gangrene^ — g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus — g.'Ossis, 
 Spina ventosa — g. Ossi^lm, Caries — g. Pottii, 
 see .Gangrene-^g. Pottii, Gangrene of old , peo- 
 ple — g. Pulmonum, Necroprieumonia — g. Seni- 
 lis, Gangrene of old people-^g. Sphacelus, 
 Sphacelus^g. Tonsillarum, Oynapche maligna 
 — g. Ustilaginea, Ergotism— Tg.:Vagin?B, Col- 
 pocace. 
 
 GANGR^NESCENTIA, Gangrsenosis. 
 
 GANGEjENICUS, Gangrenous,. 
 
 GANGR.iEn6dES, Gangrenous. 
 
 GANGR.SN0PS'IS, Cancer aquaticjis ; also, 
 gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids. Ble- 
 pkari'tis gangrceno's'a^ — Siebenhaari > 
 
 GANGR:SN0'SIS, Gdngrcenescert'tia, from 
 ■/ayyqiava, ' gangrene.' The state of being gan- 
 grenous or of becoming gangrenous. 
 
 GANGR^NOSUS, Gangrenous. . 
 
 GANGRENE, Gangra'rca, Cancre'na, Hot 
 mortification, (F.) Gangrine, G, Chaude, As- 
 •phyxie des parties. Privation of life or partial 
 death of an organ. Authors have geneially 
 distinguished mortification into t^ stages; 
 naming the first itpcipient or gangf'ene.i. It is 
 attended with a sudden diminution of feeling 
 in the part affected; livid discoloration ; detach- 
 
GANGRiJ^E DE LA BOUCHE 382 
 
 GA.STER 
 
 mentpf the cuticle, nndei: which a turhld fluid 
 is effused; with crejritation, owing to' the dis- 
 engagement of air into the cellular texture. 
 When the part has become quite hlack, ani 
 incapable of all feeling; circulation, and life, it 
 constitutes the second stage, or -^fiortificatioTi, 
 and is called sphac"elus. Gangrene, however, 
 is frequently used synonymously with mortifi- 
 cation,--iocfl;/ asphyxia beingthe term employed 
 for that condition, in which the 'j)arts are in a 
 state of suspended animation, and, consequently, 
 susceptible of resuscitation. When the part is 
 filled With fluid entering into putrefaction, the 
 aflTection is called hwrmd gangrene, (F.). Ga»f- 
 gri^ne humide : on the other hand, when it is 
 dry and shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene ; 
 (F.) Gangrene secUe. To this class belongs thg 
 gangrce'na seni'lis, G, .Pot'tii,' Pres'hyosphae'/-' 
 elus, or spontaneous gangrene of old people. 
 Which rarely admits of cure. Whatever may 
 be the kind of gangrene, it may be caused by 
 violent inflammation, contusi6n, a burn, conge- 
 lation, the ligature of ^i large arterial' trunk, or 
 by some internal cause inappreciable to us. 
 
 The treatment, both tff external and internal 
 gangrene, varies according to the causes which 
 produce it. Glangfene from excessive inflam- 
 mation is obviated by -aiitiphlogistics ; and that 
 from intense cold' by cautiously restoring the 
 circulation by cold frictions, &c. When the. 
 gangrene has become' developedj th* separation 
 of the eschars must be encoiifaged by-ehioUient 
 applications, if there be considerable reaction; 
 or by tonics and stimulants if the reaction be 
 insufficient. 
 
 Gangrene or the Lungs,- KTecropneumonia. 
 
 GATS{GRmB t>E LA BOUCHE, Cancer 
 aqiiaticus — ^g. Chattde, Gangrene— "§■. Froide, 
 Sphacelus — g. Humide, see Gangrenft'^g'. Siche, 
 see Gangrene — g. HSpital, Hospital gangrene 
 -"-g-. du JPonmon, Necfopneumonia— §■. des Solo- 
 nois. Ergotism. 
 
 GAN'GBENOUS, Gangra'nieus, Gangra- 
 no'sus, Gangrano'des^ Affected ■with or re- 
 lating to gangrene. 
 
 GANJAH, Gunjah. 
 
 GANTELET (F.), CUratke'ca, Fas'da di- 
 gita'Hs, Gail^tlet; tram (¥.) gant, a glove. A 
 sort of bandage, which envelops the hand and 
 fingers, like a glove. It is made with a long 
 roller; about an inch broad; and is applied so 
 that the fingers are covered to their tips, when 
 it is called Gantelet etitier ou eomplet. The 
 Demi-gantelet includes only the hand and base 
 of the, fingers. Both bandages are uSed in frac- 
 tures and luxations pf the fingers, burns of the 
 hand; &c. See Ohirotheca. 
 
 GANTS JDES DAMES, Cohdom—g. de 
 Noire Dame, Digitalis. ^ , 
 
 GAPING, Yawning. ' 
 
 GARANCE, Rubia. 
 
 GARCIN'IA MANGOSTA'NA. The sys-' 
 tematic name of the Mangos'tmi or Mangous'- 
 tan tree, Mangnsta'na. It grows in great abun- 
 dance in Java and the Molucca 'islands: The 
 fruit, which is ^bout the size of an orange, is 
 deliciouSjand is eaten in almost every disorder. 
 The dried bark is uSed medicinally in dysentery 
 and tenesmus; and a strong decoction has been 
 much esteemed in ulcerated sore throat. 
 
 GARDE-MALADE,'y<!nrB^. 
 
 GARDEROBE, Artemisia abrotanuni. 
 
 GARDEROBBS,yxees. 
 
 GARDOTTCHES, Vesiculae seminales. 
 
 GARETUM, Poples. 
 
 GARGALISMUS, Gargalus. 
 
 GARGALOS, Gargalus. 
 
 GAR'GALUS, Gar-gale, Gargalis'mus^ TC- 
 tiila'tio, Irrita'tio, Pruri'tus. TitillatioHj ir- 
 ritation, itching^ Also, masturbation; and, 
 rafely, animal magnetism. 
 
 GAPGARKON, Uvula. 
 
 GARGARISATIO, Gargarism. 
 
 GKR.'9KRl^MiGargaris'miis,Crargaris'mii, 
 Anagargalic'ton, Gargaris'Ttiwrn,. Collu'tid', iDi- 
 aelys'ma, Anagargaris'ton, Anagargatistn'ua, 
 Anaconchylis'mus, Anaconchyliak'ttms, Titilla- 
 men'twm, from yogy'agttiB, 'I wash the mouth.' 
 A gargle. > Any liquid mediciije, intended to Ife 
 retained in the inouth, for a certain time, aiid 
 to be thrown in contact with the uvula, velum 
 pendulum, tonsils, &c. ' For this purposej the 
 liquid is agitated by the air -issuing from the 
 larynx, the head being thrown back. ■ Gargles 
 are employed in cyrtanche tonsillaris and flttt^r 
 diseases 6i the fauces, and are made of stimu- 
 lants, sedatives, astrin'gents, refrigerants, &6., 
 ticcoirding to circumstances. 
 
 The process is i6txiy!eA^argUicg,gargarisa'til>, 
 
 The, term ctditiio'riupi or colluioriiitfi oris 'is 
 generally restricted to a Wash for the mouth. 
 
 GARGET, Phytolacca decandra. 
 _GARGLE, Gargarism. 
 
 Gargling, see Gargarism. 
 . GARGOUILLBMENT,Boihorygraai,G\a- 
 gling. See Rale muquenx. 
 ' GARLIC,' AUium-J-g. Hedge, AUiaria. 
 
 GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 ' GAROU BARK, Daphne gnidjuin. ■ 
 
 GARRETUM, Poples, 
 
 6ARR0PHYLLUS, Eugenia cafyoph^Uata. 
 
 GARROT(^.'), from garrotter, 'to tie fest.' 
 A small cylinder of wood, used for tighteaihg 
 the circular band, by which the arteries Of a 
 limb are compressed, for the purpose o{ sus- 
 pending the flow of blood in cases of hemof- 
 rhage,. aneurism, amputation, &c.r 
 . GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna. ■ 
 
 GARRULITAS,'Lpqiiacity. 
 - GARUM;>.ct?or. The ancient Romans gave 
 this name to a kind ef pickle made by colle'ct- 
 ing the liquor which flowed fronf salted and 
 half putrefied Ash. It was used as a condiment. 
 — The Geoponics, Humelberg on Apicius, Mar- 
 tial, &c. 
 
 GAS, see Gaz^-g. Ammoniacale, Amrtonia— 
 g. Animale sanguinis, G. sanguinis-^g. Azoti- 
 cum. Azote — -g. Aioticum oxygenatum. Nitro- 
 gen, gaseous oxide of^g, Hepaticum, Hydrogen, 
 sulphiiretted-^g. Hydrogenium sulphuretum. 
 Hydrogen, sulphutetted.^g. IntOxicatiftg; Ni- 
 trogen, gaseous oxide of— g. Laughing, Mrfl- 
 gen, gaseous oxide of — g. of the Lungs, was, 
 pulmonary — g. IfftrouS, dephlogisticated, Ni- 
 trogen, gaseous oxide of — g. Oxygenated muri- 
 atic acid; Chlorine-^-g. Oxymuf iatic acid. Chlo- 
 rine— g. Palustre,- Miasm, Hiarsh— g. Paradise, 
 Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of— g. Sulphuris, Sul- 
 phurous acid. 
 
 GASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
 
 GASTEIN,' MINERAL WATERS OK 
 Gastein is in the Noric Alps, Austria. Tte 
 waters are thermal. Temp. 106° to IH" Fah. 
 
 GASTER;>a«-T>,5. The abdomen. At times, 
 but rarely, the uterus. Also, the stomach, in 
 particular ; Hence : 
 
GASTERAL6IA 
 
 383 
 
 GASTROBROSIS 
 
 GASTEEALGIA, Gastralgia. 
 
 GASTfiRANAX. A name given by Dolseus 
 to a hypothetical vital principle, correspending 
 to the Archaeus of Van Helmont, the seat of 
 wiich he placed in the lower belly. See Bith- 
 nimalca. 
 
 GASTERANGEMPHRAXB, Gasteran- 
 ■giiemphTaxis. 
 
 GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gasteran- 
 gemphrax'is, Gasterempkrax'is. Obstruction 
 of the pylorus, from yao-njjs ' Stolmach,' ayx"} 
 ' I straiigle,.' and (//.pQaavm, ' I obstruct.' — Vo- 
 gel. Also,, and properly,- obstruction -or con- 
 gestion in the vessels of the stomach. 
 
 GASTBRASE, Pepsin. 
 
 GASTERASTHENPAi Imbecill'itas seu 
 Aton'ia seu hax'itas ventric'uli; from yatrrriQ, 
 ' stbmach,' and KrdiHix, ' debility.' Debility 
 of the stomach. 
 
 GASTERECHE'MA, Son'itus stomach'icus; 
 from yao-Tijg, ' the stomach,' and Tjxvt"; ' sound.' 
 Sound presumed to be hBard on auscultating the 
 Region of the stomach. 
 
 GASTEREMPHRAXIS, GteteMngiem^ 
 phraxis. 
 
 GASTEEHYSTEROTOMY, Cesarean Sec- 
 tion. 
 
 GASTR^'MIA; fromyoffriij, 'th^ stomach,' 
 and ^ai/ta, ' bloods' determination of blood to 
 the stomach. 
 
 GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 GASTRANEURYSMA, Gastrectasis. 
 ,, GASTREC'TASIS, Gastrecta'sia^ Qastru' 
 neurys'tna^ Dilaia'Ho Veniric^uli: from yao-Trie, 
 ' the stomach,' and ixxajris, ' dilatation.' Dila- 
 tation of the stomach. 
 
 GA STRELCOBROSIS,Gastrobrosis ulcerosa. 
 
 GASTRELCO'SrS, Uleera'tio seu Bxulce- 
 ra'tio seu TTl'cera Ventric'uli, from y^TTi/^, ,' the 
 stomach,' and 'iXxmatt, 'ulceration.' TJlcera-. 
 tion of the stomach. When accompanied virith 
 hectic, it constitutes Gastropkthi'us, Ga'airopk'- 
 thoe. 
 
 GASTRELYTROTOMIA, -see Cesarean 
 Section. 
 
 GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,Ga<(tr<»nyrfo'«.a, 
 G^^tromyelo'siSfGastroencepkalo'sis^ from^ao-- 
 rnj, ' the stomach,' and tj.Kj<fatAtc, ' the brain.' 
 Encephaloid of the stomach. 
 
 GASf RENCHYTA, Stomach pump. 
 
 GASTRENTEKIC, Gastroentericus. 
 
 GASTRENTERITIC, Gastroenteritic. 
 
 GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrentero- 
 malax'is, from yaoxijg, 'stomach,^ tvtegov, 'in- 
 testine,' and /iuKaKta, 'softening.' Softening 
 of the stomach and intestines. 
 
 GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatie. ' - 
 
 GASTREVAfFVTl&JtiJlamma'tiaveniric'uli 
 et hep' Otis; from ^aoTr,j, ' stomach,' and 'tptag. 
 ' liver.' Inflammation of the stomach and liver! 
 
 GASTREPIPtOICUS, «astroepipl6ic. 
 
 GASTRERETHIS'IA; from j^ott,^, 'sto- 
 mach,' and Bge^iCa^ ' I irritate.' irritation of 
 the stomach. 
 
 GASTRIC, Qas'trieus; fxora'ya<mi,'ihR Ho- 
 
 mach.' Belonging or relating to the stomach. 
 
 'Gastric Ar'tekies are three in number, 
 
 Arte'ria gastro-epiplo'iea dextra, A. gastro-epi- 
 
 ploi'ca sinis'tra, and A. corona! ria ventri'culi. 
 
 Gastric Juice, Succus gas'trieus, Men'stru- 
 um seu Fermenttim Ventric'uli, (F.) Stic Gas- 
 triqwe, Gastric Acid. A fluid, secreted fl-om 
 the mucous membrane of the stomach. As met 1 
 
 ■with, it is a mixture of the fluids secreted by 
 that organ with those of tbe supra-diaphr&g^a- 
 tic, portion of the alimentary canal. . Owing'to 
 such admixture,~the most contrary properties 
 have been assigned to it. That such a fluid is 
 secreted, wbich concurs powerfully ifi digestion, 
 is evident from many considerations, and has been 
 positively proved by the' author and numerous 
 others. ' It is always found to contain, in man, 
 chlorohydricjjnd'acetic acids. The gastric fluid 
 in cases of sudden death sometimes corrodes 
 and perforates the stomach; giving rise to inte- 
 resting questions in medi^dal jurisprudence. 
 
 Gastric Nerves: The two cords by which 
 the pneumogastric nerves terminate, and which 
 descend oh the two Surfaces of the stomach j as 
 well as the firaments-of the great sympathetic, 
 Vfhich accompany the gastric vessels. 
 
 Gas'tric Plexus, Plexus corona'rius ventri'- 
 culi. A nervous net-work, formed by the solar 
 plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria 
 ventriculi,ani passes along the lesser curva- 
 ture of the stomach, to which it gives branches. 
 
 Gastric Veins follow th« same distribution 
 as the arteries, and open into the Vena porta 
 'abdominis. . . • 
 
 GAS'TRICISM, Gastricis'mus, from y«<rTi;p, 
 'the stoinacl}.' A name by which is desig- 
 nated the medical theory, that refers all, or al- 
 most all, diseases to an accumulation of sabur- 
 ras in the digestive passages. 
 
 GASTRILOQUE, Engastriinythos. 
 
 GASTRILOQFIST, Engastrimythos. 
 
 GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimythus. 
 
 GASTRIMARGIJS, Glutton. 
 
 GASTRINUM, Potash. 
 
 GASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra. 
 
 GASTRIT'IC, Gastriticus;, same etymon as 
 the rest. Relating to gastritis. 
 1^ GASTRI'TIS, fronj y<.|rTi,e, 'the stomach,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Ventric'uli 
 tn^amma'tio, Cauma gastritis,'E7npres'ma gas- 
 tritis, Infiavrvmd'tio gastritis, Cardial'gia in- 
 Jlammato'ria,Fehris stomach'ica infia/mmato'ria, 
 Inflamma'tio ventric'uli, J. stom'jichi, Phleg'- 
 mone ventric'uli. Inflammation of tki stomach, 
 (^ .) Inflammation de I'Estomac, Gastriie, Qa- 
 tarrhe gastriguc. A disease, characterized by 
 pyrexia; great anxiety; heat and pain in the 
 epigastrium, increased by taking any thing into 
 the stomach; Vomiting' and hiccup. Gastritis 
 may either be seated- in the peritoneal or mu- 
 cous coat. Jt is most frequently ill the latter 
 (Esagastri'tis,,Endpgastri'tis,Gastromycoderi'- 
 tis,) being excited directly by acrid ingesta. It 
 required the most.active treatment; — bleeding, 
 blistering, fomentations^ diluents, ^c. Some 
 degree of inflammation df the mucous coat of 
 the stomach is considered by the followers of 
 Broussais to be present in almost all fevers; 
 and the various forms of dyspepsia have been 
 supposed by some to be nothing more than chro- 
 nic en-dogastritisi 
 
 Gastritis ARTHRiTicA,-Cceliagra. 
 
 GASTRO-ARTHRITIS, Gout— g. Ataxia, 
 Dyspepsia— g. Atonia, Dyspepsia^g. Bronchi- 
 tis, Fever, adenomeningeal--g-. Enterite intense, 
 Synocha — g. Enterite, with nertous affection 
 of the brain, see Typhus— g.' Enteritis, follicu- 
 lar, Dothinenteritis ; see TyphUs. 
 
 GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio Ventric'uli, 
 Gastrorrhex'ia, (F.) Perforation de i'EstoMac ; 
 from yaffTijj, ' the stomach,' and ^^linrig, ' the act 
 
GASTROCELE 
 
 384 
 
 GASTROPHRENIC 
 
 of'gnawingi' Corrosion and perfori^tiofl of i the 
 stomach, . „ 
 
 '^ASTKOBEo'sis UlceEiP'sa, Gastrelc^bro'sis- 
 Desttuction and perforation oif the coats of the' 
 stomach by ulceration^ ' • - ■ '• 
 
 GASTROCE'LE, from^ yaOTrig, 'the belly,' 
 and ^tr/Aif, ^a tumour.' B[errda of the stomaekf 
 Hexnia ventric'uli, (F.) Hernie de PEstomaa. 
 Herniaj formed by the stomach through the up- 
 per part of ihe" linea alba:, a disease, the exist- 
 ence of which has beeii doubted ;b'y many. See 
 Epigastrocele. 
 GASTRbCHOLOSIS, Eever,' gastric. 
 GASTROCNEME, Sura. , 
 GASTROCNEMIA, Sura. ... 
 GASTRQCNE^MII, from.yaffTJig, ' the belly,' 
 and it«i;iKj), ',the leg.' ^The name of the two. 
 fleshy masses which occupy the posterior and 
 superficial part of the leg; (F .) Qastroji'nemiens, 
 Jutneaux de la jambe^ Gemelli, Bifetnoro-calca- 
 ni^ens — (ChL:) the, two constituting the Ga/s- 
 trecne'mius eaJ*«7-'?i«i, ,' of English anatomists. 
 These muscles are distinguished into internal 
 and external, whiph are' distinct above,', but 
 united at their inferior extremity,. They .are 
 long, flat, and thick; and wcxs6-^ihe fq^rmer from 
 the posterior part of the outer ^condyle of the 
 femilr ; the latier, frofti the posterior part-of the 
 inner condyle. of the same bone. The aponeu- 
 rosis, which unites these mus&les b?lowj joins 
 with that of tlie s.olaris, anS forms with it, a 
 large tendon, which, under the name Tendo-i 
 A chillis, is insertedat the {losterior part of the cal- 
 caneum. These muscles extend the foot, on the 
 leg, and the leg on the foot. They can, also, bend 
 the leg and the thigh reciprocallyon each other. 
 For the Gastrocnemius 'internus , see Soleus. 
 GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura. ' 
 GASTROCCELIACUS, Cceliac. 
 GASTJIOCCELICUS, iCoBliac. 
 GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic. 
 , OASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia. 
 GASTROCOH'TIS, from ya? ti,? , 'f tomach,' 
 and xmAor, ' colon.' Inflammation of ,the sto- 
 mach and colon, 
 
 GASTftOCOLPOTOMIA, see , Caeswean 
 section. . ^ 
 
 GAST^ODID'YMUS, Did'ymus, Symphya-- 
 gas'trius, Psod'ym.jis ; from yairxm, 'i^^ belly,' 
 and Siixiftos, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the abdomen. - , 
 
 GASTROD.UODE'NAL, Gastroduodena'Hs ; 
 from yadTijS) ' stomach,' and d?wdemim. Re- 
 lating to the stomach and duode.num. 
 
 GASTRODUODENOPYRA, Eever, adeno- 
 meningeaL ■ , ^ 
 
 GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia. , ' ' 
 
 GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia— g. Flatjuleljta, 
 Colica ri^ulenta.. ^ ' ' > , ■ ( 
 
 GASTROENTER'IC ,Ga«tram<er'M?«i, Ga«- 
 trenter'ifi, Gasfrenter'ifMS,' from yaam^,. 'the 
 stomach,' and si'T5goi',,'jintestine.' Relating to 
 the stomach and intestine, 
 
 4aSTR0EN:t£RI^E, Gastroenteritis. , 
 GASTROENTERIT'IC, Gas'troenterit'ious , 
 Gastrentetit'ic, Gastrenierit'icus ; same etymon 
 as the next. Relating to gastroenteritis. 
 
 GASTROENTERPTIS, Inflammilftio Ven- 
 tric'uli et Intestino'rwm, (F.) Gastr'o-enterite, 
 Gastro-enter'ic dised^se, froin yaffrrjQ, 'the.sfo- 
 mach,' sfTSfoii, 'aii intestine,' and itis, a suffix 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 stomach and small intestine. According to 
 
 Broussais, the essential fevers of authors ; 
 gastro-enteritis, simple, or* complicated. 
 
 (iAS:'T'ROEFlP'L01C,Gastrorepiplo'icus,G 
 trepiploicus, from yixinri^, 'the stomach,' a 
 CrmcMnv, 'tlje epiploon.' That whiqh' rela 
 to the sfpmaehand epiploon. 
 
 Gasxeoepiploio Aetemes, or Gastric in^ 
 rior, are two in number, and distinguished ir 
 fight and left. _ The right, also, callei'Cfast; 
 hepatic, Gas'triea inferior dextra, Gastro-epi 
 lo'.icix, dpxtr^a, is furnished by the hepatic artei 
 It desfeends behind the pylorus, and .passes frc 
 right to left, (along the great durvature of t 
 stomach. It giVes branches, to the' pancrei 
 . duodenumj -stoniach, .opie.ntum inajus, and tf 
 'minates by anastomosing with- the Gastro-ej 
 plo'ica sinis'tra, Gas'trica sinistray Gcis'trf 
 infe'nor sinis'tra. This — the /e/jtr— aris.es frc 
 the splenic artery. It is of considerable ffia 
 nitude, and passes from left to right, along tl 
 great curvature of the, stomach, ditoibuting i 
 branches more particularly tp; , the stomach ai 
 omentifni majus.. It teVminates by joining tl 
 right gastro-epiploic. ' ■ 
 
 GASTEOEPiPLbic Ganglions are the lymph 
 tic ganglions, or glahdsj'situatei; towards, tl 
 gre^t curvature of the stomach, between't! 
 two, anterior laminae of the Omentuin njaju^. 
 , Gasteoepiploio Veins are di?tiDguisl\ed, lil 
 the arteries, into right and left. . They empl 
 themselves ; — the formeTj into the superior m 
 senterici: the latter,4nto th.e' splenic vdin. 
 
 GASTR0HiEM0IiRHAGIA,Hsemateme3i 
 
 GASTROHEPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'ieu 
 IIep'ato-gas'tric-us,Gastrepatticus; froth ^as-rt} 
 ' the stornach,' and 'jjreog, ' the liver.'^' -Relatii 
 to the stomach and liver. .This name has be( 
 given to several organs. See Epiploonj gastK 
 henatit! &c. - ' ' 
 
 GAS.Tr6hYSTER6TOMY, Caesarean se. 
 tion. ' ' 
 
 GA.STROLIENALIS, Gastrosplenicus. .' 
 
 . GASTROLITHrASIS,fromyc«iTW,'the sti 
 mach,' and Wiioif, 'formation of stonej' Ti 
 formation of concretions, ga'strol'ithi, in th'e sti 
 mach. , ■ ''\ • ~ , i 
 
 GASTROMAtACIA, Gastromalaxia. 
 , GA'STROMALAX-TA, G'aptro-mala,'cia,Ga,. 
 tromalaco'sis, Malai^ogas*ter, Malax'is vmtrit 
 uli, Dissolu'tio veniric'tlli, Emollifio venpric 
 nliy Fseudophlogo'sis ventxic'uli resoluti'va i 
 colliquati'va, Metamorpho'sis- ventrit'iili gelt 
 tfnifqr'mis, (F.) Ramallissement d0 VEituma 
 from 5,aitrTi;|,.'the stoniach,':and ,u«i9|iir, 'sof 
 ening.' Softening' of th^ stomach,, induced i 
 times by the gastric secretions after death.'- 
 Resolu'tio ventric'idi autop'^pticft. 
 ■ GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimythus. .. . 
 
 GASTROMETROTOMIA,Ca:sareansectio 
 ' GASTROMYCODER^S, see Stomach. , 
 
 GASTROMYCOBERITIS, see Gastritis. 
 
 GASTROMYELOMA.'Gastroencephalomi 
 
 GAST^RONOSirS, Gastropathia, 
 
 GASTROP'ATHY, GastfopaJtlii'a, Gastxon 
 osiis, Gastromi'sus, {romyaa-rtj^, 'the stomach 
 and rrai'.^, ' disease.' - Disease of the stomach 
 
 GASTROPHREIVf'IC, Gastro-phr^k'icu 
 fr.bm yao-Tjjp, '.the stomach,' and "fgsiat, ' the dji 
 phragm.' "Belonging to the' stomach and dii 
 phragm. 
 
 Gasteopheenio Ligament is a reflection.i 
 the peritoneum, which descends from the inf 
 rior surface of the diaphragm to the cardia. 
 
GASTROPHTfflSIS 
 
 385 
 
 GELATIN 
 
 , GASTROPHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 GASTROPHTHOE; Gastrelcosis. 
 
 GASTRO'RAPHY, ' Gastrorrka'phia, Gas- 
 trdr'rkaphl, Sutil'ra ahdomina'lis, from j/aa-rijg, 
 'the telly,' and jaaij, 'a suture,' . The suture 
 used for uniting wounds penetrating the ahdo- 
 meUj when they are too extensif e or too une- 
 qual to .te kept in contact ty position, adhesive 
 plaster, or appropriate bandages. The inter- 
 nipted and quilled sutures are those chiefly em- 
 ployed. ^ 
 
 GASTRORRHAGIA, Haemateme^is. 
 
 GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis. 
 
 GASTRORRHCE'A, from ya<rT);{, f the Sfo- 
 mach,' and (tea, 'I 'flow.' Bhnhonha'a seu 
 Fluvus ventric'uK, (E.) Fltix rriuque^x de I'es- 
 tomac. Catarrhs stomacal. A morbid conditibil 
 of the stomach, which consists in the secretion 
 of an excessive quantity of mucus from the 
 lining ihembrahe of the stomach. Also, Goeliac 
 flux. 
 
 GASTROSClR''RSnS,Indtira'tioventHc'ieH 
 svirrho'sd, Seirrkus seu carcino'ma v'eraHc'jili. 
 Scil'rhouB induration or cancer of; the stomach. 
 
 GASTROSCOPIA, Abdomiiidscopia. 
 
 GASTRO'SIS. A generic name for diseases 
 which are searted in the stomach. — Alibert. 
 
 GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gaftrosple'nicus, Gas- 
 tro-liekaHis, from ywa-T^j^'stomachj'lando-TDif/j,, 
 'the spleen.' Relating to stomach and spleen. 
 ,-GASTROSTENOSIS, Stricture of the ' sto- 
 mach. 
 
 GASTEOSTEIfOSIS CaEBI^ACA Ct PtLOE'iCA ) 
 
 from Y^trTJiQ, 'the stbtHacb,' sind (ttsi'o;,' 'nar- 
 row.' Narrowness of- the cardiac and pyloric 
 orifices of the stonpachfrom cancer of thatorgan. 
 GASTROT'OMYi from j^ootijj, 'the belly,' 
 and,To/ii), 'incjsion.' Several different opera- 
 tions have been so called. 1. The Csesarean 
 Section. .2. An incision made into the abdomen 
 for the purpose of removing some internal 
 strangulation or volvulus; or to reduc? hernia, 
 Lc^ytirofomy : and, 3. The openihgmade in the 
 stpinach, tp remove a foreign body which has 
 passed into it through the oesophagus. ' ' ■ 
 
 GASTRYPERNEU'RIA, from yaTTijf , ' sto- 
 machj' 'uTjeg, 'above,' aiid rjugor, 'a nerve.^ 
 Morbidly increased actijdty of the nerves of the 
 stomach. 
 GJ tea U F^PRILE, Ague cakeV 
 GATTllIER,NHex. ' 
 
 GAUDIA FCEDA, Masturbation. ^ ; 
 _ GAULTH:^'RIA, Gavlthe'ria seu Gukthe'- 
 na procum'bens, . Gautie'ra repens, Mountain 
 Tea, Partndgi Berry, Berried Tea, Growieher- 
 ry., Deerberry, Spice, berry. Tea berfy, Redberry, 
 Win.tergree9i, Redben-y Tea, Ground' berry. 
 Ground ivy. Ground holly, ffiW berry. Box. 
 berry, Cheqjcer bekry. An American plant, 
 which is one of the. pj:in(4pal articles of the 
 materia medica of some Indjan tribes. The 
 in&sion of rthe leaves is stininlant and anodyne>' 
 and is said to have been used, with advantage, 
 in Asthma. The oil^r-Oleuni Gaultherics, Ph! 
 U. S., — is used, chiefly on account of its plea' 
 sant flavour, to cover the taste of other medi 
 cines. 
 GAUNTLET,, ff«z*e/fii!. . 
 GAUQUAVA, Smilax China. ■ , 
 GAUTJERA REPENS, Ganltheria. 
 Gay feather, Liatris spicata. 
 GAY AC, Guaiacum. 
 GAZ, gas, Air. Van Helmont first de- 
 
 signated by this name, .^ the etymology of 
 which is unknown, — the carbonic acid deve- 
 loped in the vinous fermentation. Afterwards, 
 the term was appropriated to every permanent- 
 ly elastic fluid; that is, which preserves its 
 aeriform state-iat all temperatures: and ulti- 
 mately it was extended to all aeriform bodies; 
 — which were divided into permanent and non- 
 permanent gazes. The latter are generally 
 tel med vapours : — they return to the liquid state, 
 when a portion of their caloric \s abstracted. 
 The permanent gazes, or gazes properly so 
 called, are numerous, and may be divided into 
 four' sections with regard to their effects on the 
 animal economy. 
 
 (■ Carbonic acid, ammoniacal 
 1 . Irrespirabte J , gaz, muriatic acid gaz, deu- 
 gazes. [ toxideofazote, nitrous acid 
 l_ gaz, and chlorine, ■ 
 
 'SJ^S::^ Hydrogen, azote.- 
 
 f Oxygen, protoxide of azote, 
 
 3. Positively de- ] ^">.»r«tted Hydrogen, car- 
 
 leteri u ) bonic oxide, sulphuretted 
 
 gaz s. ^ hydrogen, and arseniurttted 
 
 hydrogen. 
 
 It is proper to remark that the term resjfira- 
 tle has been very differently employed by dif- 
 ferent writers. Sonietimes it'has meant the 
 power of suppo'rtiilg lifie^when applied to the 
 bl6od in the^ungs. At others, all gazes have 
 been deemed irrespirable. Which are incapable 
 of being introduced into -the lungs by voluntary 
 efforts,^without aily relation to their power of 
 maintaining vitality ; and this is perhaps the 
 best sense. The gazes vifere, at onertime!, em- 
 ployed jn medicine, under great expectations, — 
 especially by the enthusiastic Bed Joes; but 
 they are now scarcely ever had recourse to. 
 They difl!er, considerably, in their effect^ on the 
 animal economy. Some, as oxygen, are ex- 
 citing ;. others, as nitrogen, depressing ; whilst 
 others, again, as the Protoxide of azke or laugh- 
 ing gaz, produce the most singular effects! 
 
 Gaz, Pul'mo^iaet, Gaz, of the Ivmgs. A 
 naiiie given to the expired air; which contains, 
 — besides common air, an increase of carbonic 
 acid, water, and some animal matter. 
 
 Gaz Sang'uinis, Gaz ariima'li san'guinis, 
 Hal'itus san'guinis, Awa sanfgUinis, Hamat'- 
 mus. The halitus, or vapour,, given off by 
 freshly drawn blood. 
 
 GAZELLE, Antilopus. 
 
 GiANT, Giant. 
 
 GEBARPULVEH, Ergot. 
 GEDE'OLA. The convex part of the liver. 
 Du Cange. , 
 
 GEILENAtr, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Geilenau is a village, in the grand duchy of 
 Nassau, at no great distance frpm Frankfort. 
 The waters' contain carbonip ati'd, carbonate, 
 Sulphate and phosphate of spda, chloride of so- 
 dium, carbonate of lime, magnesia and iron.. • 
 
 GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 mineral waters of Geismar in Bavaria are aci- 
 dulous chalybeates. 
 
 GEISUM, Geison. The part of the frontal 
 bone over the; eyes. f 
 
 GfiLAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth. 
 
 GELASMUS, Canipe laugh. 
 
 GEL'ATIN, 'Gelatine, Gejatina, Galreda, 
 
GELATINA AQUATICA 
 
 386 
 
 GENERATION 
 
 from (F.) Gelie, 'gelly or jellyi' An imme- 
 diate animal principle. It is seraittanSparent, 
 insipid,, inodorous, insoluble in cold water, very 
 soluble in hot; -vvbich it thidkens, and trans- 
 forms into gelly on cooling. Gelatin is a very 
 liutritioas substance ; and, when dissolved' in a 
 considerable quantity of Wfiter, forms an emcfl- 
 lient fluid, much used in therapeutics, but not 
 the iriost easy of digestion. 
 
 Gelatin of Wharton, Gelatina Wharto- 
 nia'na, Jelly of the Cord. A- soft, dense^ fluid, 
 gelatinous substance, which envelops the um- 
 bilical cordj and isy^onceived, by some, to be 
 inservient -to the nutrition of the fcetus. . 
 
 GELATINA AQUATICA, Brasenia hydro- 
 peltis. ' _ 
 
 GELATIO, Congelation. 
 
 GEL£E, Gelly. 
 
 GELLY, Jelly, Jus gela'tilm, Gelu, Jus coa- 
 gula'tum, (F-) Gel.ee..' A .substance pf a soft 
 '"Consistence, tremulous, and transparent, which 
 is obtained by an appropriate treatment, from 
 animal arid Vegetable matters : hence the dis- 
 tinction into animal &nd vegetable jhlly. The 
 former is merely a concentrated solution of ge- 
 . latin, left to cool. 
 
 Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the 
 currant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, 
 when ripe. It is of itself colourless, but almost 
 always retains a little- coloxiring matter of the 
 fruit which has furnished it. It has an agreea- 
 ble taste ; is scarcely soluble in cold water, but 
 boiling water dissolves it readily : the jelly is, 
 however, almost all deposited on coolirig. If 
 this aqueous solution be boiled for a long time, 
 it becomes analogous to mucilage, ahd loses the 
 property of being jellied on cooling. 
 
 GELSEMI'NUM NIT'IDtJM,ire//ow Jes'- 
 samine. The flowers, root, &c., of this shrub 
 are narcotic, and the effluvia from the former 
 are said sometimes to induce stupor. 
 
 GELU, Gelly. ' 
 
 GELUS, Risiis. 
 
 GEMELLl, Gastrpcnemii, Ischib-trochante- 
 rianus. Testicles. 
 
 GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, Did'ymus, ' a twin.' 
 (F.) JumRau, Jumelle, Sesson, Bessonne. One 
 of two children, twins, born at the sarne ac- 
 couchement, or gestation. '•Also' relating to 
 twins, as " a tmn conception." 
 
 Gemellus Mus'culus. Cowper applies this 
 name to the long portion of the triceps brachia- 
 lis United to the inner portion. 
 
 GEMINI, Ischio-trochanterianus, Te^icles, 
 
 GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCU- 
 LARE, TsBuia semicircularis. ' 
 
 GEMINUS, Gemellus. 
 
 GEMMA, Grani)lation — g. Oculi, Crystal- 
 line. 
 
 GEMMIPAROUS, see Genetation. 
 
 GEMUR'SA, a Corn; also a nanja given by 
 the ancients to a disease seated between the 
 toes ;— the nature of which is unknown to us. 
 
 GEN, Gen'esis, ' genetation,' frojti ytnam, ' I 
 make.' Hence YiyKrogen, Osteogeny, &c. 
 
 GENA. TheCkeei, Geifys, Parei'a,Gam,pM, 
 Gamphe'U, Gnathos, Gnathmus, Maldk, (F.) 
 Joue. The cheeks form the lateral parts of the 
 mouth. Externally, they have no precise limits: 
 they are continuous, above, with the lower eye- 
 lid ; below, they descend as far as the base pf the 
 jaw; before, they terminate atthealaenasi, and 
 at the commissures of the lips ; and behind, at 
 
 the ear,. Their thickness varies, accordini 
 the degree of fatness of the individual. T 
 are" formed. of three layers; — one dermoid, 
 other muscular, and the tbird mucous. 
 
 GENCIVES, GingiviE. 
 
 GENEI'AS,, Zianu'go prima, Probar'bi 
 The downy hairs,' which first cover the ch< 
 Also, a bandkge which passes under the ch 
 
 GENE [ON, Beard, Mentum. 
 
 GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 G&NARALE, Influenza. ^ - 
 
 GENERATIO, Generation — g. ^quiv< 
 see Generation^^g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Hoi 
 genea; see Genera:tion — g. Primigena, see 
 rieratron— g. Primitiva, see Geneisatibn— 'g. ( 
 ginaria, see Generation — g. Spontanea, see 
 rieration. 
 
 GENERATION, X}enera'tio,-Gen''esis, Gi 
 Gonus, F/rocfea'tia, from'yem), or .finau, 
 ehgeridet.*' Undeit this name physioWgitoo( 
 prehend the aggregate. of functions, which c 
 cur, in organized beirlgs, towards the product 
 of their kind. The- act of generation means 
 union of the sexes. See Coition. The wtil 
 of antiquity helieved, that all organized hoc 
 are produced either by what -is termed ««»«( 
 or regular generation, XSomogen'esis, gene'< 
 tio htrriogen'ea, propagdtio,) which applies 
 the upper classes of animals and vegetables, 
 by spontaneous generation, {Autogon'ia, hi 
 rogen'esis, genera'tio heterogen'ea,- cequiv'c 
 primiti'va, primig"ena, origina'ria, sponta'rn 
 which they, considered applicable to -the v 
 lowest classes only,as themUshroom,thewp! 
 the frog, &C,. There' are still many disi 
 guished naturalists - who consider that bei 
 low in the scale of animalityi areprbduced in 
 latter way. Spontaneous generation and eq 
 voeal generation ha*e been regarded by mi 
 to be'synonymous. Others, however, mean 
 spontaneous generation, the production of a i 
 being from the mere combination of inorga 
 elements; whilst by equivocal generation tl 
 understand the evolution of a new being ft 
 organized beings dissimilar to themseh 
 through some irregularity in their functions 
 through the incipient decay or degeneiatioi 
 their tissues. ' A.s to the mode in which regi 
 generation is acconiplished, there have b 
 many view§. ■ According to the ddctrinq 
 Hippocrates, and of the ancient philosophi 
 the ovaries of the female furnish a prolific fli 
 similar to that of the male ; and the fcetus resi 
 from the mixture of the two seeds in cppulati 
 Steno and others conceived, that the ova: 
 contain ova, which are not developed until v 
 fied by the male sperm. Bonnet and Spall 
 zani believed jn the pre-existence of ger 
 c^:eated since the origin of the, world, but 
 cased in each other, and becoming developei 
 suctession; whence it would follow that 
 ovary of the first female must have cental 
 the germs of all subsequent generations ; 
 that the number of these germs must go on 
 ways diminishing, until ultimately extii 
 This was the system of the evolution of ger 
 According to Leeuenhbek, the ovaries do 
 contain eggs, but vesicles destined to reii 
 animalcules; 'which, in his view, live in 
 sperm. Thousands of these animalcules 
 thrown into the uterus during copulation, 
 the most expeditious and vigorous reaches 
 ovary, after having scattered and destroyed 
 
GENEROUS 
 
 387 
 
 GENITAL 
 
 competitors. Buffon— admitting the hypothesis 
 of, the two seeds— supposed thiat they were 
 formed of molecules proceeding from every part 
 of the body of each parent; and that, by a kind 
 of elective affinity, those which Were fur- 
 nished hy the head, the trunk, or. the extremi- 
 ties of the male parent,, could only unite with 
 those proceeding" from the same parts of the fe- 
 male. Before him, Maupe'rtuis, admitting, with 
 many iof the ancient philosophers, the system 
 of £j)i^«»«ji«, and adopting, as regarded- the"' 
 composition of the sperm, a theory analogous to 
 that of Buffon, had supposed that the fnolecules, 
 capshle of being organized, were attracted to- 
 wards a centre; that the nose attracts the two 
 eyes ; the body, the arms ; the arms, the hands, 
 &c., nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved 
 in a liquid; arrange themselves in regular crys- 
 tals "around the same nucleus. These and va- 
 rious other systems have been successively prp- 
 pOsed and rejected, and the mystery of genera- 
 tion remains impenetrable. 
 
 The simplest kind of reproduction does notre- 
 quire sexual organs. The animal separates into 
 several fragments, which form so rnany new in- 
 dividuals. This is itisfip'aivus gemtation. 
 Gemmip'aroiis generation consists in the forma- 
 tion of buds', sporules or germs on some part' of 
 the body, which at a particular period drop off 
 and form as many new individuals. In Ovip'- 
 arous generation, the egg is hatched out of -the 
 body ; in ovoviyip'arous generiftion the new be- 
 ing is hatched in the excretory passages. In 
 vi'Bip'arous gen^alion, the new individual is 
 botd under its appropriate form ; and iti mdrsu'- 
 jrial or marsKpiaie generation, the young being, 
 born at a very early stage of development, is re- 
 cei;?ed and'nourishe(^ in a marsupium or pouch. 
 
 AH the acts comprising the function of gene- 
 ration in man may be referred to iSve great 
 heads. 1. Copulation. ^.'Caneeptio9i ox fecun- 
 dation, 3. Gestation or Pregnanc,y, 4. Deli- 
 vert/ or Accouchement : and, 5. Ldctdtion. - 
 
 Geneeation, Act of, see Generation — g. 
 Equivocal, see Generation — g. FissiparOus, see 
 Generation ^^ g. Gemmiparous, see Generation 
 — g. BJarsUpial, see Generation — g. Organs of, 
 female, see Vulva — g. Ovipartjus, See Genera- 
 tion — g. Regular, see Generation — g. Sponta- 
 neous, see Generation — g.Univocal, see Genera- 
 tion— g.Vi-viparous, see Generation. 
 
 GEN'EROUS, G-enero'sus. A name given 
 to wines which contain a great quantity of al-. 
 cohol. 
 
 GENESIOL'OGY, &«Hesioiog"ia, from yivs- 
 mt, ' generation,' and ioyof, ',a discourse.' The 
 doctrine of generation. 
 
 GENESIS, Generation. 
 
 GENIET, Spartium scoparium-^^, aSjcd, 
 Spartium Scoparium — g-. dee Teinturiers, Ge- 
 nista tinctoria. 
 
 GENETHLIACfS, from ytvtWiiis, 'natal,' 
 ' pertainihg to nativity.' A name, given by the 
 ancients to certain astrologers, vpho, from the 
 state of the heavens at the time of the birth of 
 an individual, predicted his future character 
 and the events of his life. 
 
 GENET'ICA, from yenffit, ' prjgin,' 'rise.' 
 Diseases of the sexual functions": the Sth class 
 in Good's Nosology. 
 
 GENETICOS, Genital. 
 
 GENEVA, Gin— g. Holfands, see Spirit. 
 
 GENEVRIEB, Juniperus communis. 
 
 GENGIVITE, TJlitis. 
 
 GitNI, Genian. 
 
 GE'NIAN, Genia'met, Ge'nial, from ysvs/or, 
 ' the chin.' The Genian apophysis or Procesa, 
 (P.) Apophyse Ginienrte ou geni, is situate at 
 the posterior part of the symphysis menti, and 
 is Armed of four small tu'&efcles. 
 
 ■ GENIE, Qe'nius. The French sometimes 
 apply this term to diseases _ nearly synony- 
 mously with nature; as -Genie inflammatoire, 
 G. biliemi, G. adynamiqtte. Some ttse it in the 
 same sense as type ! Genie intermittent. The 
 unwonted predominance ofvany mental faculty 
 is also so called. , 
 
 GANIEN, Genian. 
 
 GENIk.vk,E, Gin, Junipeiis commnjnis <the 
 berryO 
 
 GENI'OGLOSSUS, Gemo-hyaglos'sus, from 
 yeteiav, ' the chin,' and yKmicst, ' the tpngue.' 
 Mesoglosins, Mesoglot'tui, Nanus linguat 
 nnus'culus. The name of a flat, triangular 
 mustle,- which extends ffdm the genian apo- 
 physis to, the inferior surface of the-os hyoideS 
 'an4 tongue, which it carries-forward. 
 
 GENIOHYODES, Geniohyoidens. 
 
 GENIOHYOGLOSSUSj Genioglossus. 
 
 GENIOHYOIDES, GeniohyoideUs. 
 
 GENI'OHYOIDEUS, Geniokyo'def, Genio- 
 s, Minto^Ucum'tmi, from ymmv, 'the 
 chin,-' and 'votiStit, ' the bs hyoides.' A muscle, 
 which arises from the genian apophysis, and is 
 inserted at the anterior part of the body of the 
 OS hyoides. Its use is to raise the ,os hypides, 
 and carry ii forwards. It may, also, contribute 
 to depress the lower jaw in contracting" towards 
 the OS hyoides. 
 
 GENI'0-PHARYNGE'FS,from ysvtiSv, 'the 
 chin,' and tpaguyi, 'the pharynx.' A name 
 given, by some anatomists, to a bundle of fibres, 
 which passes from the lower jaw to the sides 
 of the pharyh*, and forms pari of the constrictor 
 pharyhgis- superior. ^ 
 
 GEN'IPA.bBL0N6IF0'LIA, Hidto. A 
 plant of Peru, with the juice of Which the In- 
 dians paint their legs to protect them against 
 the stings of insects. 
 
 ■ GENIPI. ALBUM, Artemisia rnpestris—g-. 
 Blanc, Artemisia rupestris. 
 
 GENISTA, Spartiurn scoparium — g. Cana- 
 riensis, see Rhodium lignum. 
 
 Genis'ta Spino'sa Ih'dica, Sahel Sckulli. 
 An oriental tree, a decoction of the roots of 
 Which is diuretic. The leaves boiled in vine- 
 gar have the same effect. — Ray. 
 
 Genis'ta Tincto'ii!ia, .D^«ra' irdom, Dyers' 
 weed. Green weed. Wood laaren, (F.) Genit dea 
 Teinturiers. A shruh cultivated in tijis coun- 
 try and in Europe. The flowering topSand Seed 
 have been used in medicitie. It has the same 
 properties as Spartium Scopatium. 
 
 GEN'lTAli, Genita'Ks, Genet'icos. Same 
 etymon as' Generation. That which belongs 
 to gfeneration. 
 
 GEN'fTAt Oro ANS, Seii^'aal Orgdns,Pudeii'da, 
 Natiira'lia, Natu'td, ^doe'a, M-e'zei,, Me'sa, 
 Mo'rion, Interfemine'uTn, Genital parts, Nohle 
 parts, Nat'ural parts. Private p'arts, Priv'ities, 
 Privy parts, Privy Members, the Parts, Partes 
 geniid'les. Partes generatio'ni inservien'tes, 
 Me'dea, Veren'da, P. ohscce'na, GenitaHia, Gen- 
 net'icd, Gymna, ' Membra ptlden'da, Or'gaHia 
 generatio'ni inservientia, (F.) Organes gini- 
 tauX, Parties genitales, P. honteuses, P.geni- 
 
GENITALE 
 
 388 
 
 GENTANTRITIS 
 
 toires, F. nolles, F. sexuelles, F. .natui'elles, 
 les Parties. The pfirts that are inservient to 
 the reproduction of the species. These are very 
 different in the male and female.' In man, they 
 are numerous ; so^cae'secreting^the sperm, as the 
 testicles and their appendages ; others retaining 
 it, as the vesiculae, seminales-; and another for 
 harrying it into the organs of the female, — the 
 penis. In the female,, the parts of generation 
 form an apparatus, perhaps more complicated 
 than that of the male. Some are inservient to 
 copulation, a.s the vvtlva, v^agina, fee. ; o'thersxto 
 conception and the preservation of the product 
 for it determinate tifiie, as the uterus audits 
 appendages; whilst others concur in the ali- 
 mentatioij ot the infant after birth, as the 
 mammae. 
 
 GENITALE, Sperm-g. Caput, Glans.- 
 GENITALIA, Genital organs. 
 GEN'ITO-CRURAL NEBVE, Nervusgen'- 
 ^^ f^ o-crura'lis . Suhfu'hiari fierve, Inter'nal in'- 
 guinal nerve. A branch of the second lunjbar 
 nerve, which passes through the psoas muscle, 
 and, approaching the femoral arch, divides, into 
 two branches, — ixi internal or s6«*a?vandan 
 external or femoral cutanebus branch. 
 ' GENITU'RA. That Which is fecundated or 
 engendered in the maternal womb, , This word 
 has been used synonymously with emhryo,fmt-A,s, 
 wA infant. ,^ Also, the sperm; and. the penis. 
 See Gone. ' . ' - • , 
 
 GENIUM, Mentum.- , 
 GENNETICA, Genital Organs^ 
 GENNETICOCNES'MUS, from y*»v«», 'I 
 engender,' and KVijir^cis, 'itching.' Itching of 
 the genital organs. i 
 
 GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticanu'si, from 
 yEViDjTiKoc, ' genital,' and voaog, ' disease.' Dis- 
 eases of the genitals., 
 
 GENOA, CLIMATE OF. The climate .of 
 this Italian city and its vicinity ha.s been often 
 seletted |as favourable for the phthisical valetu- 
 dinarian during the winter, but it is now ad- 
 mitted to be decidedly improper for pulmonary 
 affections, being subject to frequent and rapid 
 changes of temperatute, and to dry cold winds 
 from the north, alternately, with warm .moist 
 winds from the south-east.^Sir James Clark. 
 
 GENONU'SI, Morl/isexus, from yevat, 'sex,' 
 and 7'ouTor, ' disease.' .Sexual diseases. 
 GENOS, Sex. 
 GENOU, Genu. 
 
 GiNOUILL£$, (Corps,) Corpora genicu- 
 lata. 
 
 GENRE, Genus. 
 
 GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium. 
 GENTIA, Gentianina. 
 GENTIAN, Triosteum — g. Blue, Gentiana- 
 catesbaei/ — g. Catesbian, Gentiana catesbaei — g. 
 White, Laserpitium latifolium — g. Southern, 
 Gentiana catesbaei — g. VChite, Triosteunft — g. 
 Yellow, Gentiana lutea, sefe. Calumba. , 
 
 GENTIANA, G. lutea — g. Alba, Laserpi- 
 tium latifolium — g. CaCheiilaguen, Chironla 
 Chitensis — g. Centanrium, Chironia centau- 
 rium. 
 
 GENti.ANA Catesbje'i; G. CittesUa'na, Blue 
 Gentian, IT. S, Cates'bian Gen'tian, Southern 
 Gentian, Bluhells, Bitterrooi. It is,a pure and 
 simple bitter, and the root may be used wher- 
 ever that of the Gentiana luteii is proper. 
 
 Gentia'na Chieayta, i-I . Chirdfi'ta, Henri- 
 ce'a Pharmacear'chdjSwer'tia, Chirayi'ta^ ^Ago-- 
 
 tha'tes ehirn^i'ta, Opht'lia chira'tay Chitet'ta, 
 Chirayi'ta, Chirae'ta. A native of India, which 
 has been much employed in that country, in 
 dyspepsia, and, as- an antiperiodic.in intermit- 
 tfents. It is preferred by some to sarsaparilla, 
 
 where the latter is considered tobe indicated, 
 
 as after large quantities of mercury have been 
 taken, or where profuse salivation has been in- 
 duced. It ha^ also been advised in atonic leu- 
 corihoea. Jf yields its virtues to alcohol and 
 water. 
 
 'Gentia'ma- Lt/tea.' The systematic- name 
 of the officinal gentian ;-(?e»5Ba%a major, G. 
 vet'erum, Geniia'na rubra, Tellovi Genliaif,,Fel- 
 wort, Gentia'na. Ord. Gentianeae. (F.) Qen- 
 tiane jaune. This is a plant common in the 
 mountains of Europe. The root is almost in- 
 odorous, Extremely bitter, and yields its vir- 
 tues to ether, alcohol, and water. It is tonic 
 and stomachic; and in large doseSf apeirient. 
 Doses gr. x. to ^ij.. It is inost frefqueatly, 
 however, used in infusion, or tincture. 
 
 Ge^jtiana Majok, G. lutea — ^g. Peruviana, 
 Chironia Chilensis — g. Rubra, G. lutea— g. Te- 
 terum, G. lutea. , 
 
 GENTIAN E JAUNE, Gentiana, lutea. 
 
 GENTIANI'NA, Gentianine, Gentianih, 
 Gentia'nia, Gentia. A supposed neiitral sub- 
 stance, obtained from gentian, and, by some, 
 presumed to be its adtive principle. It is hot 
 so. ' ', - ,' 
 
 GENTILITIUS, Hereditary. ., 
 
 GENU, Gonyiy)ivv, {T.) Gerioii. The arti- 
 culation of the leg with the thigh;— the Femo- 
 ro-tibial 'jovat. It is the most complicate^ in 
 the body, and is formed hy the inferior extre- 
 mity of the femur, the superior extremity of the 
 tibia, and the rotula.- The art|cu)ar surfaces of 
 the bones are covered by layers of cartilage- 
 more or less thick — and by the synovial'mem- 
 brane of the ' articulation. The soft parts of 
 this joint are,:— the ligameritwd patetlss, two la- 
 teral ligaments, distinguished by the hainesm- 
 ternat^ and external; a posterior ligament ; two 
 crucial ligaments,— thie one anterioV, and the 
 other posterior'; two interarticular fibro^carti- 
 lages : some albugineous fibres, Which form an 
 imperfect capsule, &c. The knee receives its 
 arteries from the femoral and popliteal. ' Tbey 
 bear the name articular. Its veins have the 
 same distribution as the arteries, and discharge 
 their bibod into the saphena and crural. Its 
 nerves are furnished ' by the sciatic, popliteal, 
 and crural. The -joint is protected by the 
 tendons and muscles vvhich sjirround it. 
 
 The French use the term Articulation en gi- 
 nou for a joint, in which the head, of a bone is 
 received into a bony cavity of another, where 
 it rolls and moves in all directions. 
 
 GENUGRA, Gonagra. 
 
 GENUINUS, Legitimate. , . ' 
 
 Genus, (F.) Giinre:' A collection or group 
 of species, analogous to eacli. other; and which 
 can be united by common characters. When 
 a species'cannot be t-eferxed to a known genus, 
 it constitutes a' distinct one. 
 
 Genus Cueationis, Ratio medehdi. 
 
 GENYANTRAL'GIA, ' from ytvMi, <the 
 maxilla,' air^oi, ' the antrum,' arid niyKy 
 ' pain.' Pain in the antrum of Highmore. i 
 
 GENYANTRI'TIS, from yiriuv, ' the max- 
 illa,' avT^ov, ' the antrum,' and itis, denoting 
 
GENY ANTRUM 
 
 389 
 
 GEUM 
 
 Inflammation of the antrum of 
 
 inflammation. 
 Higtenore. 
 
 GENY ANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore. 
 
 GENYOCYNANCHEj Cynanche parotidsa. 
 
 6ENYS, yttut, < the jawf also the chin. See 
 Gena. '■ /, _ 
 
 GEOFFRjE'A INERMIS, Gmffree'a,Gmf- 
 froy'a, Cabhag"w(m, Cabbage Ttee^, Cabbage 
 Bark Tree, Andvrainermlis. Nat. Or<^. Legu- 
 minosffi. - Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Uecandria. 
 Geoffrtea Jdmaicen'sis, Worm-Baa k Tree. The 
 odour of the hark is very unpleasant; It is an- 
 thelmintic and cathartic. Dose, of the powder, 
 Bjto^ij. 
 
 GeoWeje'a SirRlNAMEN'sis, Andi'ra Surin,a- 
 men'sts, has similar proporties. 
 
 Huttenschmidt has separated their active 
 principles, to vifhich he has given the names 
 Jamaicine and Surinamini. They are all al- 
 
 GEOFFROYA, Geoffraea inertnis— g. Jamai- 
 censis^ G. inerrais. 
 
 GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, G^ogra'phia 
 Mei'ica. The description of the surface of the 
 glohe as regards the influence of situation on 
 the health, vital fni>ctions, and diseases of its 
 inhahitemts— vegetable sind animal; hut princi- 
 pally oh those of man. 
 
 ' GEOPH'AGISM, Geophag"ia, G(tophag"ia, 
 frtfm yi)j' earth,' and <p«yi», ' I eat.' Theact 
 V or practice of eating earth. See Chthonopha- 
 gia, ■ ' - 
 
 . GERjEOLOG"IA, Geratolog!'ia, from yiie«s, 
 ^oldage,* and ioyos,' a discourse.' ' The doc- 
 trine, or a descjription, of old age. 
 
 GER'ANIS, from yejavosj 'a crane,* which 
 it resembled. A- Bandage, used by the ancients 
 in cases of fractured clavicle. SoraS authbrs 
 attribute it to- Hippocrates ; others^ to Peri- 
 genes. ' ', ■ 
 
 GERA'NIUMj same, etymon, begaase its 
 pistil is^ong,. like the bill of the crane. The 
 Crane's Bill. 
 
 'Gebaisium Maculatum, see Geranium and 
 G. Moschatum. . "^ 
 
 Geranium MosohaItum ; ErodHv/ni Moscha- 
 tum, (F.) Bee de grtie musque. , A European 
 plant, esteemed to be excitant end diaphoretic. 
 Geranium Noveboraoense, G. Maculatum. 
 GerHniijm Robektia'kcm : Stinking Crane's 
 Bill, Serb Robert, (F.) Herhe & Robert, Bee de 
 Grille Robertih, This plant -was, at one time, 
 used as an antispasmodic and slight stimulant ; 
 as well as for an external application in various 
 painful sores and .inflammations. ' 
 
 Most of the species of geranium have been 
 used as astringents. In some of the / north- 
 western parts of the United States, the root of 
 the Geraniitm macula'tum — Gera'^itcm, (Ph. 
 U. S.) — G. Noveheracen'sB, Spotted Crane's 
 iill, Crowfoot, Alum r'opt, Tormentil, Stori bill 
 — is called Racine a Beeqnet, after a person of 
 that name. It is highly extolled by the West^ 
 em Indians as an antisyphilitic. 
 GERAS, Senectus. 
 
 GERM, Germen, Blasts, Blaste'ma. The 
 rudiment of a new being, not yet developed, or 
 which is still adherent to the mother. 
 
 GERMANDER, COMMON, Teucrium cha- 
 maedrys — g. Creeping, Teucrium chamaBdrys — 
 g. Marum, Teucrium marnm — g. Small, Teu- 
 crium chamaedrys — g. Water, Teucrium scor- 
 dium. 
 
 GERMANDRAEAQTJATIQUE, Teucrium 
 scordium— ^g-. Maritime, Tejucrium marum — g. 
 Officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys-^g'. Seorodoney 
 Teucrium scordium. ' 
 
 GERME FAUX, Conception, false. 
 ' GERMEN, Gerto, Spfetm-^g. Dentale, Den- 
 tal Pulp — g.- Falsum, Mole — ^g. Spurium, Con- 
 ception, false- 
 
 GERMINALCEIjL,seeCytoblast— g.Mem- 
 brane and Vesicle; see Molecule-^g. Nucleus, 
 see Molecule— g. Spot, see Molecule. 
 
 GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Pansper- 
 
 GEROBOS'dAi Gerontohos'cia, from yiipos, 
 ' old age,' and iJooxij, « food.' Nourishriient or 
 maintenance proper for the aged. 
 GEROGOMEUM> Gerocomium. 
 GEROCO'MlA, Gerocom'icl, Gerontocdm'ioe, 
 froih /eeev, 'an aged person,' and Mfitiv, 'to 
 take care of.' The part of medicine- whose pb- 
 ject is the preservation of the health pf the 
 aged : — the hygiene of old people. 
 GEROCOMlCE, Gerocomia. 
 GEROCOMI'UM, Gerocome'tim, Bresbyodo- 
 chi'um, Gerontocomi'um, Gerotrophe'um, same 
 etymon. An hospital for the aged. 
 
 G^ROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 GERO.FL&E JATINE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia. 
 GERONTOCDMICE, Gerocomia. , 
 GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium. 
 - GERONTO'PIA, from yi/fas, ' old age,' and 
 a\f/, ' the eye.' Weakness of sight of the aged. 
 GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
 GEROTOX'ON, Gerontox'on, GerontotoX'on, 
 Mac'ida cor'nece arcudta, Areus seni'lis; from 
 ysjmv, 'an old person,^ and to^oii, ' a bow.' A 
 bow-shaped obscurity at the under margin of 
 the cornea, common to old people. 
 GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium. 
 GEROTROPHIA, geroboscia. 
 GERSA., Plumbi siibcarbonas — p Serpenta- 
 riae, see Arum maculatum. 
 
 GESTA, ' things done,' front! gerere, gesiivm, 
 ' to do,' ' carry.' A Latin term, introduced by 
 Halle, intq medical language,' • to designate, 
 among the objects Which belong to hygiene, 
 the functions which consist in the voluntary 
 movements of muscles and organs. In the 
 class of Gesta are found sleep, the waking state, 
 movements ,or locomotion, and rest-, ■ 
 
 GESTA'TIOig', Gesta'tio, Fhora, from ges- 
 tare, ' to carry.' " The . time, during which a 
 female who has conceived, carries the embryo 
 in her uterus. . See. Pregnahcy. Gestation, 
 likewise, signifies the bearing or carrying of an 
 individual; a kind of exercise, easier than that 
 in which he moves by virtue of his own pow- 
 ers. Thus, we z^Q^oi gestation on horseback, 
 in a carriage, &c. 
 
 Gestation, Protracted. Pregnancy pro- 
 tracted beyond the usual period. See Preg- 
 nancy. 
 
 GESTICULA'TION, Gestimla'tio, same 
 etymon. The act of making, many gestures ; 
 a symptom in disease, which always indicates 
 very vivid sensations. It is met with in nume- 
 rous affections. 
 
 GEUM, G. rivale — g. Palustre, G. rivale. 
 Geum Riva'le, G. palusftre. Water avens,(F .) 
 Benoite aquatique, B . desRuisseaux. Family, 
 
GEUMA 
 
 390 
 
 GINGLYMOID 
 
 RosacesB. ^Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. 
 The root of this plant, Gisjm (Ph. U. S.), is as- 
 tringent. It has been much extolled In the cure 
 of internaittents, diarrhoeas, hemorrhages, &c. 
 
 Geum Urba'num, Caryophyllcdta, Caryo- 
 phyl'lus vulga'ris, SanaMiun'da^ Lagophtkal'- 
 mus, Caryoyhyl'la, Janamun'dai Common 
 avensj Serb Bennet, Herba ienedicita^' (F.) 
 BenoUe. The root of this plant has a smell 
 not unlike that of cloves. Taste hitterish, 
 austere; virtues yielded to water and alcohol. 
 It has heem used in intermittents, dysentery, 
 chronic diarrhoea, debility, &c. Dose, gss to 
 gj of the powder. 
 
 Geum VmGiNiA'NUMj WAite ovens, Avens, 
 Evan tooi,^ Choc'olate root, Sennet, Throat 
 root, Cwreall, (F.) Beno'ite de Vii ginie., is cpip- 
 tnon from Maine to Carolina arid' Kentucky, 
 flowering in June and July. It has the same 
 medical properties as Geum r'ivale, 
 
 GETJMA, Taste. 
 
 GEUSION'OSI, from ytuots, 'taste,' and 
 iroirot, ' disease.' Geusionu'si. Diseases of the 
 organ or sense of taste. 
 
 GEUSIS, Taste. Rarely, the root of the 
 tongue — Radix Unguis. 
 
 GEUTHMOS, Taste.. 
 
 GEZIR, see Pastinaca opopojiax. 
 
 G£ZIT, Cagot, 
 
 G£ZITAIN, Cagot. 
 
 GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativus. 
 
 GHITTA JEMOCO, Canibogia. 
 
 GIALAPyA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 GIANT, Crigas, (F.) Geanj:^^Qx>s niucjj-abpve 
 the ordinary stature. 
 
 GIBBA, Hump. 
 
 GIBBER, Hump. 
 
 GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas. 
 
 GIB^OS'ITAS, Gibberos'it.asy Gypho'sis, 
 Rkachio-cypko'sis, {iom(F.) Gibbeux,(L.') Gib- 
 bus,, ' something arched or vaulted, prominent.' 
 Gibbos'ity^ Gib'bousn'ess, Curvature of the 
 spine, tlybo'ma. A symptom which occurs in 
 different diseases; particularly in rickets arid 
 caries of the vprtebrae. See Hump. 
 
 Gibbositas Caeiosa, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBBOtrSNESS, Gibbositas. 
 - GIBBUS, Hump-g. Pottii, Vertebral disease. 
 
 GIBLETS. According to Minsheu, from 
 Gobbet, Goblet; but, according to Junius^ from 
 (F.) Gibier, ' game.' The word seems to be 
 the old (F.) Gibelfz, Gibelei, &c., i. e. Gibier, 
 (L.) Cibmrium, food, (Fl) Abdttis. It means, 
 generally, the parts' which are cut off from a. 
 goose before it is roasted. Also, the extremities 
 of fowls, such as the head, wings,, feet ; to which 
 are sometimes added, the liver, gizzard,, &c 
 Soup, made from these, is moderately nutri- 
 tious. 
 
 GIDDINESS, Vertigo. 
 
 GIGANTECS, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGANTESQUE, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGAN'TIC, Gigante'us, Gigantg'des, (F.) 
 Qigantesqne. Relating to one much above the 
 ordinary stature. 
 
 GIGANTODES, Gigantic. 
 
 GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum dra- 
 eunculus. 
 
 GIGAS, Giant. 
 
 GILARUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyris opobal- 
 samum. 
 
 GILRT J>E FORCE, Waistcoat, strait. 
 
 GILL, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 GiLL-Go-BY-FEouND, Glecoma hederacea 
 
 GILLA THEOPHHASTI, Zinci sulphi 
 g. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. ' 
 
 GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA, 8md.l-j 
 ered tn'dian Physic has the same propei'tif 
 
 G];i,i.b'nia Tbifolia'taj Spiree'a trifolii 
 common Gille'nia, Indian Physic, Wfis 
 Drop-wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecais, Bowmi 
 root, Meadow sweet, Beaumont root, Nat. C 
 Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagy 
 The root of this shrub, — Gille'nia, (Ph. IT. 
 —which grows plentifully in the tJnited Sta 
 is a safe and efficacions emetic, in the dosi 
 about 3Q grains. It resembles, in its pro 
 ties, the ipecacuanha. 
 
 GILLIFLOWER, Uianthus icaryophyUm 
 
 GIM'BERNAT'S LIGAMENT. Aiibn 
 triangular expansion, whichis detached from 
 Jjpsterior and inner part of the crural arcj>, 
 is inserted into the crest of the ptrbis. 1 
 ligament forms the inner part of ihe sup^j 
 aperture btr the crural canal. It is one of 
 most frequent causes of strangnlatipn lit en 
 hernia. 
 
 GIN, Hollands, Gene'vaj (V!.) Genihi 
 This spirit, which is idistilled. from corn 
 juniper berries; or from some substitute 
 them, is largely used in Great Britain; ant 
 extremely detrimental^ to the lower clas 
 particularly.. It possesses the properties 
 other spirituous liquors 5 biitis, in popular) 
 dicine, more used than other varieties,, in cs 
 oi. colic or intestinal pain of any kind^ 
 Spirit. 
 , GIN DRINKERS' LlVER, Liver, mtm 
 
 GINGBMBBE, Araomum zingiber. 
 
 GINGER, Amomura zingiber— g. Beerp( 
 der, see Amomum zingiber — g. Indian, A 
 rum canadense — g. Jamaica, concentrated 
 sence of,^ee Amomilm zingiber — g. Preserv 
 see Amomum zingiber — gi Wild, Asarwn.l 
 nadense. 
 
 GINGlBRA'CHIUM, from gingiva, ' 
 gums,' and brachivm,, ' the arm.' A m 
 given to the scurvy, because thj» gums i 
 arms are chiefly affected by it, It has,, *1 
 been called Gingip^dium, because the Iw 
 limbs are in many cases the seat of acorbi 
 spots. 
 
 GiNGiBHACHiuM, Porphyra nautica, 
 
 GINGIPEDIUM, see Gingibrachium, P 
 phyra. nautica. 
 
 GINGI'VjE, from gignere, 'to beget,' 
 cause the teeth are, as it were, begotten 
 them. (?) The gums, ou\«, TJ'la, Cdmiehila, (' 
 Gencives. The po)ftion of the mucous nM 
 brane of the mouth which covers the, maxilli 
 bones to the level of the alveolar archss. T 
 glims are formed of a red tissTie, more or I 
 solid, and of a fibro-mucous nature, which 
 heres strongly to the ttecks of tfietfeethii 
 transmits, between the roots and their alvei 
 a very thin expansion, — the alveolo-dtntal pi 
 ostium. The gums fix the teeth and contrib 
 greatly to their Solidity. In the aged, al 
 the loss of the teeth, they become fibrous i 
 very solid, and are inservient to mastication 
 
 GINGIVA'LIS, VUt'icus, U'Houa; ft 
 gitigivai, ' the gums.' Relating to the gim 
 
 GING'LYMOID, Ginglymoldms, Ging 
 mo'det, from yiyj-Ji/Hoi:, 'a ginglymus,' 1 
 •c Jot, ' resemblance.' Resembling a ginglyt 
 
GINGLYMUS 
 
 391 
 
 GLANDULA 
 
 or hinge. An epithet applied to joints which 
 resemble a hinge, as a ginglymoid joint. 
 
 GIN'GLYSltJS, CaTdinamm'tum, Cardo,'a. 
 hinge.' (F.)'Ciiarniire, Articulation en char- 
 niire. A speci'Ss of diaithrodial articulation, 
 which only admits of motion in two directions, 
 like a hinge, — as the knee-joint or. elbow- 
 joint. 
 
 GINSENG, Panax quinquefolium— g. Blue, 
 Caulophyllum thalictroides— g. Yellow, Caulo- 
 phyllum thaUctroides— g. Horse, Triosteum— 
 g. White, Triosteum. 
 
 GIRAFFE, Dengue. ( 
 
 GIRARD ROUSSIN, Asarutn. 
 
 GIRDLE, Cingulum. 
 
 GIRL. This seems, formerly, to have been 
 an appellation common to both , sexes. Many 
 etymologists deduce the word from the Su. 
 Goth. K a r I; ' a man.' It means a yqua^ fe- 
 m^e, (L.) Filia, from (fiXni, ' to love.' Virgo, 
 (F.) Filh. . . . ' 
 
 GIROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
 
 GISSA, Cynanche parotidaea. 
 
 GIZZARD, Ventriculus callosus. 
 
 GLABELLA, Mesophryon; , 
 
 6LABRITIES, Calvities. 
 
 GLACE, Ice. , 
 
 GLACIALS, Mesernhryanthemum crystalli- 
 
 GLACIALIS HtTMOR, Crystalline. 
 . GLACIES, Ice. 
 
 GLADIOLUS, Maqhaerion— g. Caerulsus, 
 Iris GrBrmaBic?.. 
 
 Gladi'oi.us Commu'nis, G. vulga'risjVicto- 
 ria'lis rotunJda,' Comfiag, Vietoria'lis femi- 
 ne'a, (F.) Glayeul. The rbot of this plant 
 has been considered aphrodisiac. Applied in 
 cataplasm, it has been extolled a^nst scrofu- 
 lous tumours. 
 
 GLADmLus LuTEUS, Iris pseudacorus — g. 
 Vulgaris, G. communis. 
 
 GLADIUS, Penis. 
 
 GLAMA, Lippitudo, Chaisie. 
 
 GLAND, Glan'dula, Gran'difXa, from glaris, 
 'an acorn, a kernel.' Aden. The anpieht 
 anatomists gave this name to a number of organs, 
 p€ a texture generally soft, and st shape more or 
 less globular, but differing greiatly in their na^ 
 ture and functions. T^hey applied it, for in^ 
 stance, 1. To those organs which separate from 
 the blood, any fluid whatever. When sucli or- 
 ganf were composed of several lobules, united 
 by common vessels, they received the name 
 conglomerate glands, as the parotid, pancreas, 
 &c. 2. To the reddish and spongy,- knot-like 
 bodies, which are met with in the course of the 
 lymphatics. These they calle4 eomglolqte 
 glands ;-^$ee Ganglion {lymphatia ,-) and 3dly 
 and lastly, to various other organs, whose inti- 
 mate texture and functions are still unknown, 
 as the Pineal glandl PiPmtary gland. Glands 
 • of Paochioni, Thyfoid gland, Thymus gland. 
 Supra-renal glands, &c. Chanssier restricts 
 the word gldnd, to tho?e softish, granular, lo- 
 bated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti- 
 cular texture, olr which there are seven kinds 
 I in the human body, viz. the lachrymal, sali- 
 ' vary, and mammary, Vas. testicles, the liver, 
 pancreas, and Sidneys. These are all des- 
 tined 1,0 dj'aw froni the blood the mplecujps ne- 
 cessary for the formation of new fluid; and to 
 convey these fluids externally, by means of one 
 
 ur more excretory dacts. Several glands be- 
 
 sides their excretory ducts, have especial re- 
 servoirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, 
 collect, remain for a greater or less space of 
 time, and under|o slight modifications before 
 being evacuated;! — such are, the gall-bladder 
 for the liver, the, urinary bladder for the kid- 
 neys, &c. Each gland has an organization pe- 
 culiar to jt, but we know not the intimate ija- 
 ture of the globular texture .^-Malpighi^ be- 
 lieved that the vessels terminate in small, solid 
 masses, to which he gave the name — glandular 
 grains.. In these, he considered, the excretory 
 ducts originate. Ruysch thought that the glands 
 are entirely vascular, and tl^ the, excretory 
 diictaare immediately continuous with the vasa 
 dfferentia, &c. The best view, perhaps, is, that 
 the exhaling or secjeting vessel is distrihuted 
 on the animsil memhrane,-which forms the blind 
 extremity of the excretpf y duct, and that the 
 secretion is effected throtigh it by means o( 
 cells. 
 
 The, term glande'(V.), is sometimes appro- 
 priated to the tumour formed by in^arnpation 
 or engorgement of a lymphatic ganglion. 
 
 GLAND, Glans — g. Accessory, of the Paro- 
 tid, see Parotid-'g. Globate, Conglobate gland 
 .— g. Prostate, Prostate— g. Salivary, abdominal. 
 Pancreas. . ' ', 
 
 GLAND AGE, Adenophyma. 
 
 GLANDE, Gland -;g-. f/iyroide, see Thyroid 
 
 GLANDERS-, Equinia^gJ Farcy, see 
 Equinia. 
 
 ; GLAND ES BEONCHIQUES, Bronchial 
 f glands — g. Conglobees, Conglobate glands— g-. 
 de Croissance, Waxing keriiels^g-. de 'Meibo- 
 mius, Meibofhius, glands of. ' 
 
 . GLANDIFORM CORPUSCLE, Acinus-g. 
 Ganglion, see Ganglion. 
 
 GLANDIUM, Thymus. , 
 
 GLANDS, see QuercusAlba— g. Accessory, 
 Cowper's glands— g. Agminated, Peyer's glands 
 — g. Apdric, Ganglions, glandiform^g. Blind, 
 Ganglions, glandiform— g. Havers's, Synovial 
 glands — g. of Bartholinus, Cowper's glands of 
 the female— g. Cowper's, see Cowper's glands 
 — g. of Duverney, Cowper's glands of the fe- 
 male— g. Lenticular, Lenticularea glandulae — 
 g. Lieberkuhn's, Liebeikiihn's glands, see In- 
 testine — g. Miliary,. Sebaceous glands— g. Oil, 
 Sebaceous glands — g. Peyer's, Peye'ri glandulae 
 t — g. Renal, Capsules, renal— g. Sebaceous, see 
 Sebaceous glemds— g. Solitary, Brunner's glands 
 — g. of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson^-g. 
 of Vesalius, Bronchial glands— g. of Willis, 
 Alhfcantia corpora, Mamillary tubercles. 
 
 GLANDULA, Gland— g. ad Aures, Parotid 
 — g, Avicennse, Encystis — g. Barthpliniana, 
 Sublingual gland — g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland 
 ^-■g. Colli, Tonsil — g. Ipnominata Galeni, 
 Lachrymal gland — g. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal 
 gland — g. Mucosa, Conglobate gland — g, j^^ine- 
 alis, Pineal gl^nd— g. Pituitbsa, Pituitary gland 
 — g. Riviniana, Sublingual gland — g. Salivalis 
 abdominis, Pancreas — g. Spcia Parotidis, see 
 Parotid- g. Thymus, Thymus— -g. Thyreoidea, 
 Xhyrpid glands < 
 
 GlamdUl^e Agminat^je, Peyeri glandulae. — g. 
 Articulares, Synovial glands — g. Assistentes, 
 Prostate^g. Brunneri, Brunneir's glands — g. 
 Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandniae — g. Durae ma- 
 tris, G. Pacchiorii — g. Duree meningis, G, Pac- 
 chioni — g. in Agmen cohgregatas intestinoruiji, 
 
GLANDULAIRE 
 
 392 
 
 GLOBULE 
 
 Peyeri glandulae^-g. Intgstinale?, Peyeri glaaT 
 
 dulae — g. Meibomianae, Meibomius, glands of — 
 
 g. Mucosae coagminatae intestinoruirij Peyeri, 
 
 glandulse — g. Mucipkrae ra6ematim cohgestae 
 
 intestinoxian, Peyeri glandulae — g. Myrti- 
 
 formes, CarunculaB myrtiformes^g, Odoriferse 
 
 Tysoni, see Sebacfeous ^ands^g. Peyeriinae, 
 
 Peyeri glandulse — g. Plexiformes, Peyer.i g. — 
 
 . g. Prostatas mulierum, see. Corpus glandulosum 
 
 ,-mulierum — g. Sebaceae ciliares, ''-Meibojuius, 
 
 glands of~g. Solitarise, Brunner's glands-^g. Spu- 
 
 fiae, Peyeri glandulae, Ganglions, g'lapdiforoi— ^g; 
 
 Sudoriferae, see Perspiration — g. Suprarenales, 
 
 Capsules, lenal — g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands 
 
 of Tyson — g. ViasQulosae, Coriglomerate glands 
 
 — g. Tesalianae; Bronchial glands. 
 
 Gi^iVBU'L^iiJE, Glandular. " ' 
 
 GL AND'UL AR, Glandula'Hs, Glandulo'sus, 
 
 (F.) Glandulaii;e, Glahduleux: having the'ap- 
 
 pearance, form, or texture of Glands; as a 
 
 glandular body, a glandular texture, &c, 
 
 GLANJiVLEUX, Gland,ular. ' ^ 
 
 'GL'ANDULp'SO-CARiNEUS. Ruyschglves 
 
 this epithet to .fleshy excrescences which he 
 
 found in the bladder, , 
 
 GLANDULOSUS, Glandular. 
 GLANS, (' an acorn.') Sal'anus, Cyt'taras, 
 CuspiS) Caputf C, I^enisj Genitalis oapui.j (F.) 
 Gland. The extreifiity of the, penis and of the 
 clitoris. The glans penis is of a conical, 
 slightly flattened shape. It is continuous with 
 the urethra, which opens at its apex ; and is 
 circumscribed by a projecting edge Cfilled the 
 Coro'na glandis. It is covered by a thin mu- 
 cous membrane y. \i ifurnished, at its base, with 
 seTjaiceoiis follicles, called gldn'd^Ue odorif- 
 era Tyso'ni, the secretion from which is termed 
 Smegma prepu'tii; and can, almost always, be 
 covered by .the reflectioiS of the skin, called the 
 prepuce. Lastly, it is formed of a spongy tex- 
 ture, susceptible of being thrown into erection. 
 Glans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository. 
 Glans Clitor'idis is smaller. It is imper- 
 forate, and likewise covered with a sort of pre- 
 puce formed by the mucous membrane of the 
 vulva. ' 
 
 Glans Jovis Theopheasti, Fagus castanea 
 — g. Ulnse, Olecranon — g. TJnguentaria ,Guilau- 
 dina moringa, Myiobalanus. 
 GLAREA, Gravel. 
 GLASS, Vitrum. 
 
 GLAUBER'S SALTS, Soda, Sulphate of. 
 GLAUCEDO, Glaucoma. . 
 GLAUCO'MA, from yXixvuog, 'sea-green.' 
 Glauco'siSf .Glauce'dp) Catarac'ta glauca, Oc'- 
 ulus 0se'siuS) CaefsiuS) Phtharmdglauto'ma^Pa- 
 rop'sis glauco' sisjAppglau^o' sis . Amongst the 
 older pa:thologists, this word was used synony- 
 mously with cataract. It is now ordinarily 
 applied to opaoity of the vitrebus humour or of 
 the tunica hyalbidea, which manifests itself by 
 a grayish, or giefenish spotj apparent through 
 the pupil. The diagnosis is generally difiicult; 
 and the disease is almost always incurable. 
 Glaucoma WouLKonsi, Catarict. 
 GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma. . . 
 
 GLAYBUL, Gladiolus vulgaris— g-. Puant, 
 Iris fcetidissima. ^ 
 
 GLECHO'MA HEDERA'CEA, Beder'ula, 
 Chamxele'ma, Calamin'tahvmiiViorj Chamicscis'- 
 susy Hed'era terres'tris, I^ep'eta glecho'ma, Pa- 
 naee'a feo'.toris^ Ground ity^ GlLl, Gill-go-hy- 
 grouhd, Alchoof, Rabin runaway, (F.) lAerre 
 
 terrestrf, 'Terrette. This plant has a strong 
 smell, and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic, 
 taste. It has been considered expectorant and 
 tonic. , ' Oi> 
 
 GLECHON, Mentha pulegiiim. 
 GLECHONI'TIS. Wine, ijnpregnated with 
 the- Glechon, y^tjxair, mentha pielegium, or 
 penny-royal. 
 
 GLEET, see Gonorrhcea. 
 GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
 . GLEN-E,-yx,;iii,. The pupil. -The anterior 
 part of the eye. The eyeball. The eye! Ac- 
 cording to some, the crystalline lens.' Also, 
 a glenoid cavity. J 
 
 GLENLTIS, Piacitis. ' ' , 
 
 GLENOID. Glene. 
 
 Gle'noid, Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lis, 'Glenoi'- 
 deSj Gleno'd^s, ''GleTioi'deus, from yJliji'^, * the 
 pupil,' and eiJos.j 'resemblance.' 1(F.) GUnoxde, 
 Glenaidale. ;Any' sliallqwj articular cavity, 
 Gleni, which receives the head of a bone; sudi 
 as, 1. The g:^eji9i'if<!ai)i«^ or /osjo of the scapula, 
 Fossa glenoidea, Omo'coVyle, Acetab'ulwm hu'- 
 tneri, Ca'vitates hu'm^riglenoides,'B7itypo'sisj is 
 situate ^tthe anterior apgleof the .scapula; and 
 is articulated with 'the -head of the humerus. 
 2. The glepoid cavity or fossa'of the temporal 
 Jbone. It is sea'ted between the tW roots of the 
 zygomatic process, and receives the condyle of 
 thelower jaw. 
 
 Glehoib Lie'AME.NT, (F.) IdgaMent. Glerwi- 
 dieh, is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or bourrelet 
 which seems formed by the expansion of the 
 teiidon of the long h^ad of the biceps brachialis, 
 ajid surrounds the glenoid cavity of- the scapula, 
 the depth of which it increases. 
 GLJV^OIDALE, Gienoii. . 
 GLISCHRAS'MA, Glis'chrotes, from y\ur- 
 Xiaivm, (,yMx, .'glue,') «I become glutinous.' 
 Lentor, viscidity. — Hippocrates. C 
 
 GLISCHROCH'OLUS, from y)iirr;f5os, ' vis- 
 cid,' and 5^oAii, ' bile.' An epithet for excre- 
 ment which is glutinous and bilious. - 
 GLISCHROTES, Glisehrasnia. 
 GLISOMARGO, Creta. 
 GLOBE, Bandage (head)— g. of the Eye, 
 see Eye — g. Flower, Cephalanthus oocidenta- 
 lis. 
 
 GLOBULAIRE PURGATIVE, Globularia 
 alypum. 
 
 GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Glolula'ria,. 
 Montpel'lier Turhith, (F.) Glohiilaire purga- 
 tive, Turhiih Uanc. The leaves of this pl.ant 
 are bitter, and have been used in intermittents 
 and in constipation. See Alypon. 
 
 GLOB'ULE, Qloh'wtus, Sphm'rion, SplU'- 
 rula: a small globe. 
 
 GiiOBULEs OF THE Blood, Slood-^cofpiiscles, 
 Blood-disks, Blood-vesicles, Gloh'uli, , Vesic'- 
 ulx, Sphcc'rulsB seti FoUic'uli.san'giiinis, (F.) 
 Globules du sang, are small, circular bodies, 
 which are particularly observable when the 
 transparent parts of cold-blooded animals are 
 examined by the aid of the microscope. They 
 were first seen by Malpighi, and are met with 
 in the blood of all' animals. The globules of 
 blood are circular in the mammalia, and elliptical 
 in birds and cold-blooded animals. They are, 
 also, flat in all animals, aind composed of a cen- 
 tral nucleus enclosed in a membranous sac. 
 Chemically they consist of hasmatin and globu- 
 lin — htcmato- globulin. 
 
GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS 
 
 393 
 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOTTICUS 
 
 n 
 
 C an inch. 
 ]."1930 
 
 [1.2000 
 
 ' l.'iOOO 
 1.23U0-to 1.3500 
 
 i 1,.^000 
 
 1.3000 to 1.3500 
 1.3000 to 1.4000 
 1.3330 
 1.3600 
 1.3900 
 1.4000 
 
 1.4000 to 1.6000 
 -1.4056 
 
 Size of the Globules. 
 Sir E. Home and Bauer, with (1.1700th part of 
 
 colouring matter, . 
 Eller, - . - - 
 
 Sir E. Some and Bauer, with- 
 out colouring matter, - 
 Jurin, - - - 
 Miiller, . - - - 
 Hodgkin, Lister, and Rudol- 
 
 phi, -■ - - 
 Sprengel, - - , - 
 
 Cavallo, - •^ - ' - 
 Bluraenbach and SfenaA, - 
 
 Tabor, - 
 
 Milne Edwards, 
 
 Wagner, - - 
 
 Kater, - - ' 
 
 Prevost and Dumas, 
 
 Huller, Wollastonj and Weber, 1 .5000 ' 
 
 Young, - . - - 1.6060 
 
 GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid 
 valves — g. du Sang, Globule of the blood. 
 
 GLOBULES, PUS, see Pus. ' 
 
 GLpBULI ABTERIARUM TERMINI, see 
 Acimts — g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood^- 
 g. Tartari martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum — g. 
 Tartratis ferri et lixiviae, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
 
 GLbB'ULIN, Glob'utine, Blood ca'sein. The 
 colourless substance that remains after- the ab- 
 straction of the colouring' matter of the blood- 
 corpuscle. It is a peculiar albuminous princi- 
 ple. The globulin of Ber^elius consists of the 
 envelopes of the blood globules,' and of the part 
 of their contents that remains after the extrac- 
 tion of the hffimatosin. Lecanu regards it as 
 identical with albumen.; and, according to Mul- 
 der, it belongs to the coft)binations of protein. 
 
 The term globulin is likewise given by M. 
 Donne to small granulations appertaining to 
 the chyle, which are observable in the blood 
 with'the microscope. They are stijall white 
 roundish, isolated or irregularly agglomerated 
 grains; of about the 1-300 of a millimetre in 
 diameter, arid are regarded by M. Donnfe as the 
 . first elements of the blood globulus. They- are 
 the white granulcbted corpicscles of Mandl. 
 
 GLOBULUS ARANTII, see Sigmoid valves 
 — g.'Nasi, see Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punetum 
 salisns — g. Stapedis Ossis, Qs orbiculare. 
 
 GLOBUS' HYSTERICUS, Nodu/, Hyster'- 
 ious, Ati'gonl, Anad'romS. A sensation, expe- 
 rienced by hysterical persons^" as if a round 
 body wer6 rising from the abdomen towards the 
 larynx, and producing a'sense of suffocation. 
 
 Globus Major see Epididymis — g. Minor, 
 see Epididymis — g. Martialis, Ferrum tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 Globus Uteki'nus. A term applied by ac- 
 coucheurs to the round tumour, formed by the 
 uterus in the lower part of the abdomen, imme- 
 diately aft^r delivery. ' i^ 
 
 GLOMERATE, Conglomerate. 
 
 GLOSSA, Glotta, 'the tongue.' The power 
 of speech. Speech. Hence : 
 I GLOSSAGRA, Glossalgia. 
 
 GLOSSAL'GiA, Glos'sagra, from yxmatia 
 'the tongue,' and alyot, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 •jtongue, 
 
 ' GLOSSANIS'CHUM, Glossanoch'eus, Gloa- 
 sdn'ochum, from yXwa-rn., ' tongue,' and avt^fiii, 
 ' to hold up.' An instrument for holding up 
 the tongue. 
 26 
 
 GLOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanischum. 
 GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum. 
 GLOSSAN'THRAX, Festis glossan'thrax, 
 frota y}.a>aaa, 'the tongue,' and av9qai, 'a car- 
 buncle.' Carbuncle of the tongue. A disease 
 more common in cattle than man. 
 
 GL SSEPIGLOTT'IC, Giossepiglott'iem.. 
 Relating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Idga- 
 m.en'tum glossepiglott'icum. 
 
 GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle. 
 GLOSSI'TIS, from yXm<r<ra, 'the tongue,' 
 and iiis, a>sufflx denoting inflamma1;ion. Glos- 
 son'cus infla/nvmato'rius, Angi'tia lingua! ria, 
 Infiamma'tio Lingua, Inflammation of ,the 
 tongue, (F.) Inflammation do la Langue. Wheiv 
 confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight 
 importance. That which affects the whole of 
 the tongue is a serious disease, and requires the 
 Vigorous use of antiphlogistics. .It is rare. 
 
 GLOSSOCfACE, from ylmaoa, ' the tongue,' 
 and xaxos, 'evil.' Ulceration of the tongue with 
 symptoms of adynamic fever. , 
 
 GLOSSOC ARCINO^MA, Glossosdr'rhus, 
 Ca/rcino'ma Linguce, from yAunr^a,' the tongue,' 
 and xafXM'oi^a, 'cancer.' Cancer of the tongue. 
 GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS, Glossocat'oche, from 
 yXmaaa, 'the. tongue,' and ]t«Te;fa>, 'I, arrest.' 
 LingucR Heten'tor, Spec'uhim Oris, ,(F.) Abais~ 
 seur de la langue. An instrument, the inven- 
 tion of which is attributed- to Paulus of .^gina, 
 and which was eniployed to depress the tongue, 
 in order to examine diseases of the fauces. ', It 
 was composed of two branches ; one of which 
 had, at its extremity,, a plate^for depressing the 
 tongue; whilst the other, shaped like a horse- 
 shoe, was^applied under the chin. The finger, 
 or the handle of a spoon, or, a spatula, is how 
 alone used in similar cases. See Catagoglos- 
 sum. 
 
 GLOSSOCE'LE, from ylaoaa, 'the tongue/ 
 and xrihri, 'hernia,' Uumour.' Hernia of the 
 Tongue, Paraglos'se, Prolap'sus lingua, Glo^- 
 somegis'tus, Glossopto'sis. Projection' of the 
 tongue from the mouth. It depends, generally, 
 on an inflammatpry swelling of the organ. At 
 times, however, a chronic glossdcele, or sort of 
 cedematous engorgement, is met with; which 
 proceeds to a great length; and defornas the 
 dental arches, the lips, &c. Inflammatory glos- 
 socele must be combated by antiphlogistics. 
 Inthe (Edematous kind, such as is sometimes 
 caused by excessive saliY.atioh, the infiltrated 
 fluid may he pressed, back by the hand of the 
 practitioner,,to get the tongue behind the teeth; 
 and it may be kept^ere by a piece of gauze 
 tied over the mouth. The chronic, etongated 
 kind sometimes requires amputation of a por- 
 tion of the organ. 
 GLOSSOCOMA, Glpssospasmus. 
 GLOSSOC'OMON, Glossoc'omum, Glossoco- 
 mi'oh, from yAwj-ira, 'the tongue,' and no^etv, 
 ' to gijard.' The ancients gave this name to a . 
 small case for holding the tongues of their 
 windvinstrjiments. By extension, it Tas ap- 
 plied to the box or cradle in which fractured 
 limbs were kept. We find, in the ancient 
 writers, a Glossocomon of Hippocrates, of Nym- 
 phodorus,. Galen, &c. 
 GLOSSODESMUS, Fraenum lingus. 
 GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS. That which 
 belongs to the tongue and epiglbtfis. Some 
 anatomists have so denominated certain fleshy 
 fibres, which pass from the base of the tongue 
 
GLOSSOGRAPHY 
 
 394 
 
 GLUTEUS MAGNUS 
 
 towards the epiglottis. These muscles are more 
 evident in some of the mammalia than in man ; 
 and their use seems to 'be,-rto raise the epi- 
 glottis, and to remove it farther from the glottis. 
 Santorini, who deseribedthem after Eustachius, 
 calls them Retracto'res Epiglotftidis,. 
 
 GLOSSOG'RAPHY, ' GldssogMpMa, from 
 YtMtra-a, 'the tongue,' and j-gaipi), 'a descrip- 
 tion.' An anatomical description of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSO-HYAL. A name given, by Geof- 
 frey Saint-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of the 
 OS hyoides. 
 
 GLOSSOL'OGY, Glossalog"'ia, from yxotfoo, 
 'the tongue,' and M))/i!t,'atreatise,"a.disconrse.' 
 A treatise on the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOL'YSIS,. Glossople'gia, Faral'ysis 
 UngutS) from yxmffira, 'the tongue,' and Kvu-is, 
 ' solution.' Paralysis of -the tongue. . 
 
 GLOSSOMANTI'A, Prbgno'sis ex lingua, 
 from yKa<i-(ra, 'the tongue,' and f«a»TE/a, "divi- 
 nation.' Prognosis from the state of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele, Para- 
 glosse. 
 
 GLOSSON'CirS, from yimyo-a, 'the tongue,' 
 and oyxo;, 'tumour.' Exonco' sis lingua. Swell- 
 ing of the tongue. 
 
 Glossoncds Inflammatoriusj Glossitis. 
 
 GLOSS0-PALATINUS,-Glosso-staphylinus 
 — g.^Pharyngeal, Pharyngo-glossal. 
 
 GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL, Glosso-pfiaryh- 
 geus^-g. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve. , 
 
 . GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS, Glossa-pKaryn- 
 geal, frdm yiinrira, 'the tongue,' and fa^vyi, 
 ' the pharynx.' Belonging to the tongue and the 
 pharynx. Some anatomists thus designate,cer- 
 tain fleshy bundles^ which arise from the lateral 
 parts of the base of the tongue, and are inserted 
 into the parietes of the pharynx. Th^ form 
 part of the constrictor pharyngis superior. , 
 
 GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolysis. 
 
 GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele. 
 
 GLOSSOSCIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma. 
 
 GLOSSOSCOP'IAjfrom yxaff »■«,' the tongue,' 
 and <Fxt,nm, ' I view.' Inspection of the tongue 
 as an index of disease. 
 
 GLOSSOSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spasmus 
 hn^gua, from yKaa-tra, ' the tongue,' and trvatr/iof, 
 ' spasm.' ,( 'ramp or spasm of ihe tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula pro ore, from 
 yXua-ira, ' the tongue,' and irjraiti, ' spatula.' A 
 spatula for pressing down the tongue to enahlfe 
 the fauces to be examined. 
 
 GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS, from yxafftfa, 
 ' the tongue,' and o-rnfulij, ' the uvula.' Glos- 
 sopalati'nus, Pala'to-glo^us, Constriv'tvr Isth- 
 mi Faucium. A small, thin, narrow, and long 
 muscle, which arises from the base of the 
 tongue, and is inserted at the inferior and lateral 
 paft of the velum palati, in the anterior pillar 
 of which it is situate. Its use is to contract 
 the isthmus fauciuili, by depressing the ivelum 
 palati, and raising the base «f the tongue. 
 
 OLOSSOSTERE'Sia, lingua eaHrpatio, 
 from yiuio-iru, ' the tdngue,' and arnjtio- ig, ' priva- 
 tion.' Extirpation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSOSTROTH'I Ay from y;ito^ira, ' tongue,' 
 and tfTjtij-u, 'I turn.' Doabling of the point of 
 the tongue upwards and backwards, — said to 
 have been a mode of suicide. (?) 
 
 GLOSSOT'OMY, GiossotoMia,from rJi<p<i<>a, 
 'the tongue,' and nfiynt-, 'to cut.' Dissection 
 of the tongue. Amputation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSYPERTROPH lA.from yKmrira, 'the 
 
 tongue,' 'untf, 'over,' and iptiftn, 'to nou 
 Hypertrophy or supernutrition of the ton§ 
 
 GLOTTA, Glossa, Tongue- 
 
 glottis; yAiuTTit, (also, 'the mouth- 
 of a flute,') Lig'ula. A small oblong apei 
 situate at the upper part of the larynx, 
 aperture is comprised between the chord, 
 pales. It is narrow, anteriorly; wider, po 
 orly ;' and is capable of being modified by 
 cular contraction, a; may be required bi 
 voice. It is by the chordae vocales, that' 
 is produced. The glottis is nearly an incl 
 in the adult male: — leas in the female 
 child, 
 
 Glottis \s, by some, used synonymously 
 ventricle of the larynx : with others, it inc 
 the wholfe of the laryni. 
 
 Glottis, Lips of 'the, Thyreo-aryteno 
 gaments. 
 
 GLOU^GLOXT D'UNE BOVXEIl 
 Gurgling. 
 
 GLOTTTERON, Arctium Lappa— §■. J 
 Xanthium. . , 
 
 GLOUTIUS, Gluteal— g. Maximns et 
 mus, GliitEBUS mfiximus — g. Secundus et 
 dius, Glutaeus medius — g. Tertius et inti 
 Ulutaeus minimus. 
 , GLOWTON, Glutton. 
 
 GLOW WORM, Cieindfela. 
 
 GLVANT, Glutinous. 
 
 GLUCOSE, from ylMvi, 'sweet.' A i 
 for starch sugar, diabetic, sugar or the sug 
 fruits. 
 
 GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 GLUE BONE,.Osteocolla. 
 
 GLUE, FISH, Ichthyocollaw : 
 
 GLUTiSUS MAGNUS, G. major— g. M 
 G. Maximus. 
 
 Glut^e'tis Max'imus, Glutee'us major, 1 
 imus et ex'timus glou'tius,G. magnus, Ili 
 cro-femoral ; Sacro-femiral, (Ch.,) (F.) Jkf 
 grand fe&sier. This muscle is situate a1 
 posterioir part of the pelvis, and at the u 
 and posterior part of the thigh. It is large, tl 
 and quadrilateral; it is attached, above, tc 
 posterior part of the Crista ilii,to the part o 
 ilium comprised between th»crista and th< 
 per curved line, to the posterior surface oi 
 sacrum, coccyx, and great sacro-sciatic 
 ment ; and below, it terminates by a broad 
 neurosis, whicTi is inserted into the rugged 
 face that descends from the trochanter n 
 to the linea aspera of the femur. This mi 
 extends the thigh on the pelvis, and rotate) 
 thigh outwards. It is greatly concerned in 
 tion and progression. 
 ■ Glutee'us Me'dius, Glou'tvas Secim'di 
 •ne'dius, (F .) Ilio-trochanterien: Grand Hiii 
 chant erien, (Ch.,) May en Fessier. This mi 
 is situate in part beneath the preceding; 
 broad, very thick, radiated and triangular 
 tachea, above, to the crista ilii, and to the 
 of the outer surface of that bone comprisei 
 tween the ilhree anterior fourths of its ftristi 
 upper curved line, and its lower; and'Jete 
 ends by a tendon, inserted at the upper «d| 
 the great trochanter. It is an abductor ol 
 thigh; but can turn the thigh - outwards o 
 wards, according as its posterior or inferii 
 bres are thrown separately into contractioi 
 
 Glt)t;e'us Min'imus, Gluttons minor, lit 
 ehii-troehanterien,Ter'tius et In'timus Gloii 
 (F.) Petit Fessier; — Petit Ilio-troehautt 
 
GLUTEAL 
 
 395 
 
 GNATHOPLASTICE 
 
 (Ch.) This muscle, which is situate beneatbi I 
 the preceding, is flat, triangular, and with radi- 
 ated fibres. It is attached, above, to the exter- 
 nal surface of the os ilii, from the inferior curved 
 line to the acetabulum; aui, below, is inserted 
 into the anterior part of the great trochanter. It 
 has the same uses as the preceding. 
 GLDTiE'us MiSOR, G. minimus. . 
 GLU'TEAL, Glou'tius, Gluta'ils,trom yXtu- 
 T05, 'the nates' or 'buttocks.' (F.) Fessier. 
 That which belongs or relates to the nates. This 
 name lias been giveii to many, parts which com- 
 pose the Dates. 
 
 Gluteal Aponeurosis. The upper and back 
 part 6f the femoral fascia. In it is a remarka- 
 ble opening, called the glyteal arch, for the pas- 
 sage of the gluteal vessels and nerves. 
 
 Gluteal Aech, see Gluteal aponeurosis. 
 
 Gluteal Artery, Foste'rior B'iae Artery, 
 {V .)Artkrefessiere, is one ofthelajgestbranches 
 of the hypogastric. It makes its exit from the 
 pelvis at the upper^^rt of the superior sciatic 
 foramen ; gains fiie posterior part of the jpelvis, 
 and divides into two branches ; — the one super- 
 ficial, the other deep-seated. The last subdi- 
 'vides into three secondary branches, whose ra- 
 mifications are distributed particularly to the 
 Glut<^,LongissimusDorsi,Sac7-o-iumbalist&;c, 
 and anastomose with the sciatic and internal! 
 eircumflex arteries^ 
 
 Gluteal Nerve, (F.) Nerf Fessier,isa.la,Tge 
 branch, furnished by the 5th pair' of lumbar 
 nerves. It is chiefly distributed to the glutsei 
 muscles. 
 
 Gluteal Veih, (F.) Veine fessiere, follows 
 the same march as tiie artery of the same 
 name. 
 
 GLUTEN, Giu'tirmm,Lentor,'^ViR,^3ste.' 
 An immediate principle of vegetables. It is 
 soft, of a grayish white, viscid consistence, and 
 very elastic. Exposed to the air, it bebomes 
 hard, brown, and fragile ; and, in moist air, pu- 
 trefies. Water and alcohol "donot diBsolve it. 
 It is soluble in vegetable, and in weak mineral 
 acids, at a high temperature. The farinas, in 
 which it is found, are those preferred, for the 
 preparation of bread ; on account of the property 
 it has of making the paste rise. It is a com- 
 pound of protein, and hence has been ^ranged 
 amongst the "proteinaeeoue alimentary prmci- 
 ples" by Dr. Pereira. By washirig wheaten 
 dough with a stream of water, the gum, sugar, 
 starch and vegetable albumen are removed : the 
 ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray mass left is the 
 gluten, common gluten, Beccaria's gluten. Pure 
 gluten is the soluble portion on boiling common 
 gluten in alcohol. 
 
 Gluten Artioulorum, Synovia — g. Becca- 
 ria^s, See Gluten— g. Bread, see Bread, gluten — ! 
 g. Common, see Gluten— g. Pure, see Gluten. 
 
 GLUTI, Nates. 
 
 GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 6LUTINANS, Agglutinantt 
 
 GLTJTINAtiF, Agglutihant. 
 
 GLUTINATIO, Agglutination. 
 
 GLUTINEUX, Glutinous. 
 
 GLU'TINOUS, Glutino'sus, Collo'des, from 
 ^uten, ' paste, glue.' (F.) Glutineux, Gluant. 
 An epithet given to substances taken from the 
 ■auimal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with 
 unusual viscidity. The decoctions of marsh- 
 mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn 
 axe said to be glutinous. 
 
 GLUTINUM, Gluten. 
 GLUTOI, Nates. 
 
 GLUTTON, same etymon as the next. Gas- 
 trimar'gus, Hel'luo, Mando, Qulo'sus, Lurco, 
 (F.) Glouton, Gourmand, Goulu, An exces- 
 sive eater. 
 
 GLUT'TONY,fromg^;u«to, « I swallow,' g'/wt- 
 tua, ' the gullet.' Limo'sis Helluo'num, Gas- 
 tris'mut, (F.) Gourmandise. Excessive appe- 
 tite, owing often, to habitual indulgence. 
 
 GLUTTUS, (Esophagus. 
 
 GLUTUS, Trochanter majbr. 
 
 GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration. ' 
 
 GLJCAS'MA, from y^xus, 'sweet.' A 
 sweet wine, prepared from must. — Linden. 
 
 GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCERIN, s?e Fat. 
 
 GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 GLYCISIDE, Paeonia. , 
 
 GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 GLYCYRRHI'ZAj from yxuxuf, f sweet,' and 
 gita, 'a root.' Glyeyfii^i'za Glabra, lAquori" - 
 tia,IAquorit^'ia,^cyth'ieci^GJry.cerf^ton,GJyeyfh'* 
 yton, Liq'uorice, Adip'sosi Aleacas, AlHmps, 
 (F.) Reglisse. Ord, LegwiniijosaB. iSex. Syst. 
 Diadelphia Pecandria. The root of this south- 
 ern European plant i9 inodorous ; has a a.weet 
 taste; is mucilaginous; and leaves, when un- 
 peeled, a degree of bitterness in the mouth. It 
 is used-as a cleinulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. 
 The extract, made from it and sold in the shops, 
 is known u^der the name Spanish Liguoriee br 
 I/iquorice Juice, (F.) Jus de Sriglisse. 
 
 Pectoral: Balsam of Liquorice--~a. quack pre- 
 paration— is said by Dr. Paris to consist chiefly 
 of Paregoric EUxir, strongly impregnated with 
 Oil of Aniseed. 
 
 .GLYCYRRH(E'A,from yi^vxus, 'sweet,' and 
 {.till, 'I flow.' A discharge of. saccharine fluid 
 from the system. 
 . Glyoyerhosa Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 GLYSTER HERBS, Herbs pro Enem'ati. 
 The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apo- 
 thecary under this title, are i—^naWojo leaves, 
 one part; chamwmile flowers, one Tp^nt. (§iss 
 to Oj of water.) 
 
 GNAMPSIS, Curvature. 
 
 GNAPHALIUM DfOICUM,Antennaria 
 dioica. 
 
 Gnaphalium Marsarita'ceum ; Cudweed, 
 Life everlasting. An indigenous plant, grow- 
 ing in wood^ and fields, and flowering in Au- 
 gust. Its virtues are not defined, and the same 
 may be said of 
 
 Gnaphalium Polyceph'alum ; Sweet-scented 
 Idfe everlasting. 
 
 GNATHAL6IA, Neuralgia maxillaris. 
 
 GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvaios, 'the 
 jaw;' and ayxvxmirii, ' stiffness of .^o'''*-' An- 
 <iylosis 'of the lower jaw. 
 
 GN ATHI'TIS, Irtflamina'tio gente, from yva- 
 So?, 'the <heek, the jaw.' Inflammation of the 
 cheek or upper jaw. 
 
 GNATHMUS, Gnathus. 
 
 GNATHOCEPH'ALUS, from jra^of, 'the 
 jaw,' and «eciiaAi;j 'head.' A monster who has 
 no head visible externally, but exhibits volu- 
 minous jaws. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 GNATHOCYNANCBg, Cynanche parotil 
 daea. 
 
 GNATHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia maxil- 
 laris. 
 
 GNATHOPLAS'TIC®, from >;»^^(, 'cheek,' 
 
GNATHOPLEGIA 
 
 396 
 
 GOMPHIASIS 
 
 and jrxarTiitof, * formative.' The formation of 
 an artificial cheek. 
 
 GNATHOPLE'GIA, from yrnScs, and TrUtiyv, 
 ' a stroke.' Paralysis, of the cheek. 
 
 GNATHORRHAG'IA, ftom yvaSof,- and 
 'friyru/ii, 'to burst forth.' Hemorrhage from the 
 internal surface of the cheeks. 
 
 GNATHOSPASMUS,'Trismus. 
 
 GNATHUS, GnathmuSjfrom xvaw, 'I scrapCj 
 rub.' The cheei, the jani. Alsoj the part of 
 the jaws in which the teeth are fixed. — Hip- 
 pocrates, Foesius. See Bueca, Gena, ahd Max- 
 illary Bone. 
 
 GNESIOS, Legitimate. 
 
 GNOME, lat^Uect. 
 
 GNOSIS, yvwrK, ' kHowledge;' A common 
 suffix, as in biagno'sia, Pragno'sis, &c. 
 
 GOACONAZ, see Toluifera balsamum. 
 
 GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragdpogop. 
 
 GOATS' THORN, Astragalus verus. 
 
 GOBELET iMiTfQUE, Goblet,, emetic. 
 
 GOBLET, EMETIC, Poc'ulum emet'ieum, 
 Caiix vomito'ria, (E.) Goielet emetique. A 
 vessel, madte by pouring melted antimony into 
 a mould. By putting wine into this and allow- 
 ing it to stand some time, it acquires the pro- 
 perty of producing yomitihg. This kind of eme^ 
 tic has -been long rejected, as the practitioner 
 could never be certain of the dosehe exhibited. 
 
 GODFREY'S COR'DIAL. A celebrated 
 nostrum, for which D^. Paris^has given the fol- 
 lowing formula. Infuse gix of sassafras and 
 of the seeds of carraivay, coriandder^ and! anisfij 
 of each Jj, in six pints "pf water. Simmer the 
 mixture until reduced to tbiv: then add Bvj of 
 treacle, and boil the whole for a few minutes." 
 When cold, add ^iij of tincture ofopi^um. The 
 following form is recommended by a committee 
 of the Philadelphia college of Pharmacy. Tinct. 
 Ops'i, Oiss; )Sy n/^j iVio-ri, Oxyj ; Alcoholis,Oiy, 
 Aquss, Oxxvj ; Carbonaiis J'oteisffijgijss; Olei 
 Sassafras, f. giVjM.. It is anodyne, '' ^ 
 
 G0DR0NN£ (Canal,) Cana'Hs, Petitia'- 
 nus, Colironne ciliairie, -Canal de Petit, Canal 
 goudroniie, Bul'lular eanalof Petit. Petit gave 
 this narne (from (F.) godron, ' a plait or fold/) 
 to the semicircular canal, formed by the tunica 
 hyaloidea around the edge of the crystaljinej 
 because it appears, as it were, plailed or fes- 
 tooned. 
 
 GOGGLE-EYE, Strabismus. 
 
 GOITRE, Bronchocele — g. Leaf, see Lami- 
 naria. 
 
 GOITRE S TICKS. In Sonth America the 
 steiiis of a seaweed are so called, because they 
 are chewed by the inhabitants where goitrd pre- 
 vails.— Royle. 
 
 GOITREirX, (F.) One affected ty Goitre 
 •or Bronchocele. 
 
 GOLD, Aurum, Chrysos, Sol, Rex metallo'- 
 rxim, (F.) Or. A solid, yellowr, very brilliant, 
 hard, very ductile, malleable, tenacious, and 
 heavy metal ; found in nature, either in its na- 
 tive state, or combined with a little silver, cop- 
 per or iron. S.g. 19.25. 
 
 Muriate of (^old, Chloride of Gold, Auri 
 Chlo'ridum, A. Terchlo' ridivm, A. Mu'rias, A. 
 Chlorure'tum, A. Muriatficnm, A. Chlora'tum, 
 A. Oxydulaftum fnuriaficam, A . Sali'tum, (F.) 
 Chlorure d'or. Muriate d'or, Sydro-chlorate 
 d'or, has been admitted into the Pharmacopceia 
 of the United States, and into ttat of Paris, &c. 
 
 ■The formulae, however, differ. That of the 
 United. States is a muriate with two bases ; and 
 is prepared, accordiilg to the form of Dr. Chres- 
 tien, by dissolving the gold in a mixture of ■nj- 
 trie and muriatic acids, and adding chloride if 
 sodium to the residuum after evaporation; then 
 redissolvitig and evaporating slowly to dryness. 
 The Parisian formula for the Muriate d'or, 
 Murias' seu Chlorttre'tum A'^tri, consists in 
 simply dissolving' the gold in the acids, and 
 evaporating to dryness. It has been recom- 
 mended as ah antisyphilitic, in old, rehellious, 
 venereal affections, exostoses, and in venereal, 
 scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlargements. 
 Dose, gr. J-8th to gr. ss, lubbed on, the tongue 
 or gums. Internally, one-sixteenth of a grain, 
 in pill. , ' : . 
 
 Various other preparations, as the' Cy'dniSeai 
 Teircy' anide, (Auri Cyan'id:u/m,A.Cy'anure'tum, 
 A. Tercyan'idui^, (F.) Cyanured'orf) tbfe me- 
 tallic gold in a state of division {Aurum metal'- 
 lieum, Pulvis Auri) obtained by amalgamating 
 gold with mercury and .driving the latter off by 
 heat, and in the form of filings (Aurum lima'- 
 tum;) the Chloride of (Sold and Sodium,, (Ait- 
 rum muriat'icum natrona'tum, i4i 'muriat'ie^um, 
 A. chlora'tum natroiia't-utn, Chlofe'tum Au'ri^ 
 cum Chlore'to naHrii, Mti'rias Au'rieo^na'tri- 
 cwm, Chlorure'tum auri et natrii, So'dii- quro- 
 terchlo'ri4u<m, Hydrochhrate or murit^te of Gold 
 and Soda, (F.) Chlorure d'or et. de Sodium, 
 Hydrochlorate ou m,uriate d'or et de Soude ; the 
 Nitromuriate of Gold, ^Aurum Nitrieo-muri- 
 at'icum, Auri nitromu'rias,. (F.) Nitromurpate 
 d'or/) the Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idum, Au- 
 rwm Oxi'da'tum, Auri terox'idum, Perot'ide of 
 gold. Auric acid; (F.) Oxide d'pr,); and the Io- 
 dide of Gold, (Auri lo'didut/i, A. lodur^um, 
 (F.) lodure d'or,,)'ha.ve been employed in the 
 like iiflfiections, atid with similar results. 
 
 Gold-Beatee's S;kin. The' intestina recta 
 of the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, 
 for the manufacture of gold lepf. Used as a 
 defensive dressing for slight cuts, &c. 
 
 Gold, Chloride of, see Gold — g. Cyanide 
 of, see Gold — g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold— g. 
 Iodide of, see Gold^— g. Muriate of, see Gold 
 — g. Nitro-muriate of, see Gold-^g. Oxide of, 
 see Gold — g. Peroxide -of, see Gold — g. TSrcy- 
 anide of, see 'Grold — g. and Sodium, Chloride of 
 oxide of, see Gold — g. and Soda, hydrochlorate 
 of, see Gold — g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold. 
 
 Gold Leaf, Aurum folia' twm, Aurwrh in li- 
 hel'lis. Used to gild pills and to plug cariom 
 teeth. 
 
 Gold Thread, Coptis. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 GOLDENS. Chrysanthemum leucanthemnm, 
 - GOLDEN-SEAL, see Calumba,, Hydrastis 
 Canadensis. 
 
 GOLDWASSER, see Spirit. 
 
 GOLFE, Sinus— ^. de la Veihe juguldre, 
 See Jugular veins. 
 
 GOLTTNGHA, Menispermum cordifolium. 
 
 GOMME, Gumma, Gummi— »■. /aJral'Sffl', 
 Tragacanth — g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac gum 
 — g. Arahique, Acaciae gummi— ^. Astringents 
 de Gambie, see Butea frondosa — g. Caragne, 
 Caranna — g. Carane, Caranna — g. Guaiac, 
 Guaiaclini: — g. Gutte, Cambogia — g. de Iiierre, 
 see Hedera helix — g. du Pays, Gumminostras 
 g. Seraphique, Sagapenum. 
 
 GOMPHI' ASIS, Gomphias'mus, from yoii^os, 
 
GOMPHIASMUS 
 
 397 
 
 GONORRH(EA 
 
 ' a nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particu' 
 larly of the inolares', looseness of the teeth in 
 their sockets. Agomphi'asis. Pain in the teeth. 
 Odontalgia. 
 
 GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis. 
 
 GOMPHIOl, Molar teeth. 
 
 GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis. 
 
 GOMPHO'^IS, C(irdinamen'tum, Clava'tio, 
 Gompko'ma^ Coagtri^nta'tioy Jnclava'tiO) from 
 ytufo!, 'a nail.' Engompho'sis. An immo- 
 vahle articulation, in which one hone is received 
 into another, like a nail or peg into its, hole. 
 Gomphosis is only met with in the articulations 
 of the teeth with the alveoli. It is, also, called 
 Articulation par implantation, 
 
 GOMPHUS, Clavus. 
 
 GONACRASIA, SpermatdrrhiEa. 
 
 GONACRATIA, SpermatorfhcEa. 
 
 GON'AGR A,. Gon'yagra,iTomyovv, ' the knee,' 
 and 05,501, 'a prey.' That which attacks the 
 jinees. Gout in the knees. Paracelsus calls it 
 Gen'uara. < ' ■ ' 
 
 GONAL'GIA, from ytvv, 'the knee,' and t-i.- 
 yog, 'pain.'. Pain in the knee, Gonyal'^a, 
 This is almost always produced hy gout. It 
 may, however, depend on some other disease, 
 either of the knee or of another part — particu- 
 larly of the hip-joint. 
 
 GONARTHRi'TiS, from yon;, 'the knee,' 
 ttfSpov, 'joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
 
 GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace. 
 
 GONAURA, see Sperm. 
 
 GOJfDOLEOCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare. 
 
 GONDRET'S AMMONl^CAL CAUSTIC, 
 Potiimade de Gondret — g. Coupter-irritant, 
 Pommtade de Gondret, 
 
 GONE, ^Gonos) Genitu'ra, The semen; 
 (hence, gonorrhoea) — the uterus, offspring. Hip- 
 pocrates. See Epigone and Generation. 
 
 GONECYSTIDES, Vesiculse seminales. 
 
 GONECYSTKTIS, Infiamma'tio vesicula!- 
 rum semina'lium, ftoin yovij, 'sperm,' xun-r'it, 
 'bladder,' and itis, 'denoting inflammation.' 
 Inflammation of the vesiculse seminales. 
 
 GONEPCEUS, SpermatopcEus. 
 
 GONEPOIETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
 
 GONFLEMENT, Swelling. 
 
 GONGRONA, Brontfhocele. 
 
 GONGROPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulm6nali3. 
 
 GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLION, Pilula. 
 
 GONGYLIS, Pilula. 
 
 GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic.. 
 
 GONOC'AGE, GonarihroD'acCy' {Tom ysru, 
 'the knee,' and wxof, 'evil.' Tumor^genu al.- 
 ius. White siwelling of the knee. Hydrar- 
 'thrus. 
 
 GONOCELE, Spermatocele. 
 
 GONOI'DES, from yovi), 'seed,' and iiSo;, 
 'appearance.' Genitn'ne sim'ilis. Similar to 
 sperip. Sperm'atoidfSpermatoi'des, Spermato'-, 
 des, -A term appropriated to any substance, 
 which resembles sperm. 
 
 GONOPOIETICUS, Spermatopceus. 
 
 G O NO R R H£ E EJtARDE, Gononiiaa. 
 spuria. 
 
 GONORRHCE'A. Erroneously called from 
 yctrii 'sperm,' and geu, 'I. flow,' because the 
 older ■Writers believed it t<5 be a flux of semen'. 
 Blevnorrha'gia, Btennorrhce'a, Blennure'thria, 
 Pkallorrha'a, Medorrha'a, M, viri'lis, Catar'- 
 
 rkus Goiforrha'a, O, ure'tkrSe, Vrethri'tis,.In- 
 flamma'tio urt'thrst, Vrethral'gid) Projlu'vium 
 mueo'sum ure'thrce, Blennorrhm'a uretkra'lis, 
 Catar'rhus ^irethra'lis, (F.) J&eaulement, Xlri- 
 thrite, Uretrite, An inflammatory discharge of 
 mucus from the membrane o{ the urethra in 
 both sexes ; and fronl that of the prepuce in man, 
 and the vagina in woman. It may be excited 
 spontaneously, or by irritants applied diiectly 
 to the membrane i but is, usually, produced by 
 inipure connexion. Two great varieties have 
 been generally reckoned; — I. Gonoeehqsa Puba 
 VEL Benig'na. -That which does not follow an 
 impure connexion; (F.) j&chafiffement ; the 
 Blennorrhag"ia benig'na,CaulorrktB'a benig'na^ 
 Catar'rhus Ure'thrce, Gonorrhce'a catarrha'lis, 
 G', non icoMtegt'o'iff .■-^and 2. GonoRehcea Im- 
 pu'ra, Tnalig'na, contagio'sa) syphiiiiHca, et 
 iiirulen'ttz; .Fluor albus m.alig'tluSf Fluxus vi- 
 ne' reus, Blermorrha/a luo'des', Myxio'sis, lAtea 
 gonorrho'iea, Seroph'ulie eonorrho'icse, Tubsr'- 
 culfi ^onorrho'iea-) Olaip^X^ ,) Chaudepisse; that 
 which js the result of impure commerce. The 
 Frenchj also, distinguish the Chaudepisse siche^ 
 or that, unaccompanied with discharge ; and the 
 Chaudepisse ■'cordeey GoTj-orrhcea corda'tOy or 
 that accompanied With ohordee, and which, of 
 course, occurs only in the male. It is, the kind 
 which most fr'equently engage^s the attention of 
 the practitioner, and is characterized by mu- 
 cous discharge from the urethra or vagina'inter- 
 mixed with specific matter, and accompanied 
 by baming pain on micturition. It is decidedly 
 infectious. It is, however,' a distinct disease 
 from syphilis, and never produces it. Its dura- 
 tion is various, but the inflammatory symptoms 
 usually subside in four or five weeks;' leaving 
 generally behind more or less of the gonorrhoea 
 mucosa or gleetr Gonorrhosa of every kind, 
 attended with any inflammatory symptoms, is 
 best treated by the aiitiphlogistic regimen; 
 avoiding every kind of irritation, and keeping 
 the body cool by small doses of salts, and the 
 urine diluted by the mildest fluids. After the 
 inflammatory symptoms have subsided, eubebs, 
 or the balsam of copaiba, exhibited in the dose 
 of a teaspoonful,. three times a day, will be 
 found effectual : indeed, during the existence of 
 the inflamraator;^ symptoms, it often affords de- 
 cided relief. Injections are rarely required. 
 
 Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans ; when 
 it is called Gonorrhma Spji'ria, G. Bal'ani, Ba- 
 lanoUennorrhce'a, BalaUorrhm'a, Balani'tis, 
 Blennorrha'gia spu'rid vel notha, (V,)Blennor- 
 rhdgie du gland, Gonorrhee batarde, Fausse 
 Blennorrhagie. % requires only cleanliness and 
 cooling lotions. 
 
 Some other .varieties of gonorrhoea have been 
 enumerated, but they are of little moment. 
 
 In consequence of repeated attacks of gonor- 
 rhoea, or of the debility induced by a sinfle at- 
 tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already 
 Remarked, that a constant, small discharge,oc- 
 curs, or regains behind, after all danger of in- 
 fection is removed. The great difference be- 
 tween it and gonorrhoea is, that it is uhinfec,- 
 tious. The discharge consists of globular par- 
 ticles, contained in a slimy mucus, and is gene- 
 rally devoid of that yellow coloitf, which cha- 
 racterizes the discharge of gonorrhoea virulenta. 
 It is unattended with pain, scalding, &c. To 
 this state the names Gleety Gonorrhee' a muco'sa 
 Blennorrha! a chron'ica, Blennorrha'a, hi, have 
 
GONOS 
 
 398 
 
 GOUT 
 
 been given. It i» commonly a disease of some 
 duration, and demands the Dse of the copaiba, 
 astringent injections ; and, if obstinate, the in- 
 troduction of the bougie. 
 
 GoNORKHOEA Balani, G. Spuria — g. Benigna, 
 Leucorrhcea — g. Catarrhalis, G. pura— g. Chor- 
 data. Chordae. 
 
 6oHOSRH(EA Dormien'titimjG. Oneirog'otios . 
 The seminal discharge, which occurs during 
 sleep, and is occasioned by libidinous dreaiiis. 
 Pollution. 
 
 GoNOREH(EA LaxoWm, G. Uhidiru/ sa, Sper- 
 morrha'a aton'ica, consists of a pellucid dis- 
 charge from the .urethra, whilst awake, without 
 erection of the penis, but with venereal thoughts . 
 
 GoNORRHCEA 'Laxorui>i, Pollutiou, G: li^bidi- 
 nosa— g. Mucosa, (gleet,) see Gonorrhcea — g. 
 Noncontagiosd, G. pura— g. Notha inveterata, 
 Leucorrhcea— g.Oneirogoiios, G. dormientium, 
 Pollution — g. Vera, Pollution, Spermatorrhcea. 
 
 GONOS, Gone. 
 
 GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disk. 
 
 GONY, yow. Genu, 'the kqeej' hence: 
 
 GONYAGRA, Gonagra. 
 
 GONYALGIA, Gonalgia. 
 
 GONYC'ROT0S, from yovu, ' the knee,' apd 
 x^arta, ' I strike.' One, who is knock-kneed, 
 or in-kneed. See Entogonyancon. 
 
 GONYON'CUS, from yo'iv, ' the knee,' and 
 cyieoc, ' a tumour.' A swelling of the knee. 
 
 GOODYE'RA PUBES'CENS, T^ssa'ta reti- 
 eula'ta, Satyr'iwrn, .Neott'ia^ Rattlesnake leaf, 
 Wttwort,^NetUaf, Scrofula weed. An indige- 
 nous plant, used empirically in scrofula-^-the 
 fresh leaves being applied to the sores. It is 
 employed by the Indians. 
 , GOOSEFOOT, ChenopolJium a,nthelminti- 
 cum — g. Angular-leaVed, Chenopodium bonus 
 Henricus— g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulVaria. 
 
 GOOSEGRASSi Galium' aparinej G. verum: 
 
 GOOSESHARE, Galium aparine. 
 
 GOOSESKIN, Horrida cutis. 
 
 GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus. 
 
 GORGE, Throat— §■. Grojsse, Bronchocele — 
 g. Mai de, Cynanche.- . 
 
 GORGERET, Gorget ^-g', Lithotome, Gk)r- 
 get, Lithotomy — g. a Repoussoir, see Gorget. 
 
 GORGET,from(E;)g-org«,'the throat.' Ca- 
 nd'lis eii^aHcula'tuSy Ductor canalicula'tus, 
 (F.) Gorgeret. An instrument representing a 
 long gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is 
 especially employed in the operations of litho- 
 tomy and fistula in ano. 
 
 Gorget, Cdtting, see Gorget and Lithotonay. 
 
 GoEGET) Lithot'omy, (F.) Gorgeret Litho- 
 tome, Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the 
 operation for the stone, ipi the purpose of di- 
 viding the prostate and the neck of the bladder, 
 so as to enable the surgeon to in^;roduce th? for- 
 ceps, and extract the stone. At the end of this 
 gorget is a crest or beak, which fits the groove 
 of the staff, and admits of the gorget being 
 passed along it into the bladder. Besides cut- 
 tingj there are also Uufit gorgets, intended to 
 be introduced into the Wound — their concavity 
 serving as a guide for the forceps into the 
 bladder. . 
 
 The chief modifications in the gorget have 
 been toade by Andouillet, Bell, Blickef Brom- 
 field, Cline,I)esault,Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, 
 LtefevTe,Michaelis, Thomas, &c. 
 
 Gorget for Fistula in Ano consists of a 
 semi cylindrical, wooden staff; four inches long, 
 
 without including the handle, and furnished 
 with a, wide groove. This is introduced into 
 the rectum to prevent the point of the bistoury 
 from injuring the intestiiie, when the internal 
 orifice of -the fistula is deeply situate and it is 
 desirable to perform the operation by incision. 
 This instrument, invented by Marcnettis, has 
 been modified by Percy, Runge, &e. 
 
 Desault invented ?in instrument for conduct- 
 ing the vi^ire by the anus, in the operation for 
 fistula by ligature. He called it Gorgeret h 
 repoussoir. . , 
 
 G R G ' N E I FONTES. Fountains, dg- 
 scribed by l^ibaviiis, as containing water which 
 possessed a petrifying propejrty ; probably, wa- 
 ter holding in solution supercarbonate of lime. 
 
 GORGOSSB.T, Vjrosis. " 
 
 GOSIER, Pharynif, Throat. 
 
 QOSSUM, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOSSYP'IUM, Gossyp'inm'Herla'eemn; 
 Gossip'ion Xylon, Xylwh, Bombasb, Cotton, 
 (F.) Cqtpni Family Malvaceffi. Sex. Sysi. 
 Monadelphia Polyandria. The seeds of the CoJ' 
 ton Tree, Gossip'ium arhor'eum, have been aid- 
 ministered in coughs; on account of the muci- 
 lage they contain. The cotton wool is used in 
 medicine for making moxas, &c. 
 
 GOTIUM, Bronchocele. , / , 
 
 GQUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 GOUET, Arum maculatum. 
 
 (}OXTkTRE, Bronchocele. 
 
 GOULARD'S LOTlbN, see Lotion, Gou- 
 lard's. 
 
 pouLAED Water, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
 dilutUs. 
 
 GOtTLU, Glutton. 
 
 GOURD, Cucurbita—g.Bitter,Cucuiiniscolo- 
 cynthis — g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 GOURDWORM, Distotna hepaticum. 
 
 GOVRMANDISE, Gluttony. 
 
 GOURME, Porrigb larvalis. 
 
 GOUSSE, Legumen. 
 
 GOUT, Arihri'tis, ArtU ragra, ArtVraVffM, 
 Morbus dOMino'rum,Malum articulo' rum, Mor- 
 bus aHieula'Hs, Gutta, Arthro'sia Fai'agra, 
 Poddl'gia, Pdd'agra, Arthrit'icus verus. At- 
 tkri'tis Podagra, Podagra Arthri'tis, Flu^'i« 
 arthritiea, Pehris arthrilUca, F. podag'ntsa, 
 Arthrodyn'ia podag'rica, Cauma podag'ricvm, 
 Flerecin, Gastro-arthri'tis, Misopto'ckos,(F.) 
 Goutte. The gout waS" formerly regarded as a 
 eatarrh, and received its name from (F.) goittte, 
 (L.) gatta, 'a drop;' because it was believed to 
 be produced by a liquid, which distilled, gifutte 
 a goutte, ' drop by drop,' on the, diseased part. 
 This n4me,which seems to have been'first used 
 about the year 1270, has been admitted into the 
 different languages of Eutope. Gout is an in- 
 flammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts 
 of the joints. It almost always attacks, first, 
 the great toe; whence it passes to the-otner 
 smaller joints, after having, .produ(!ed> or been 
 attended jvith, various sympathetic ieffects, par- 
 ticularly in the digestiv'e organs : after this,- it 
 may attack the greater articulations. It is 4n 
 affection which is extreniely fugitive, and vari- 
 able in its recurrence. It hiay be acqi^ired or 
 hereditary. In the former case, it rarely ap- 
 pears before the age of thirty-five ; in the latter, 
 it is frequently observed earlier. It is often 
 difficult to distinguish it from rheumatism. A 
 combination is, indeed, supposed to exist some- 
 times ; hence called Rheumatic gout. During 
 
GOUT 
 
 399 
 
 GHANA 
 
 the paroxysm or fit, a burning, lancinating pain 
 is experienced in the aifected joint, attended 
 with tumefaction, tension, and redness. One 
 or more joints maybe attacked, either at the 
 same time or in succession ; and, in either case, 
 the attack terminates by resolution in a. few 
 days. This is the Arthri'tis aeu'ta, inflamma- 
 to'ria vel regzila'ris, Regular gout, Arthro'sia 
 pod'agra regula'ris, Arth'ragrQ, hgit'ima seu 
 vera seu genui'na seu notpia'lii, (F.) Goutte 
 risvlilre cha<ade, At other times, pains in t^e 
 jomts exist, of more or less acute character ; 
 the swelling being without redness. These 
 pains persist, augment, and diminish irregularly, 
 without exhibiting ■ ititermission, and, conse- 
 quently, without having distinct paroxysms. 
 The disease is then called aton'ic, astl^en'ic, im- 
 perfect ox irregular gout. Chronic G., Arthri'- 
 tis gion'ica vel asthen'iea, Arthto'sia Poda- 
 gra, larva'ta, Dysarthri'tis, It is, also, com- 
 monly called in France Goutte froide, Goutte 
 blanche. It may appear primarily, or succeed 
 attacks of regular gout. 
 
 Gout does not always confine itself to the 
 joints. It may attack the internal organs : 
 when it is called Arthritis aher'rans seu erra- 
 tica seu planet'ica, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'- 
 agra aher'rans, Vare'ni, Wanderifig, -mis- 
 placed, or anomalous gout, (F.) Gouite vague. 
 Retrograde gout. Arthritis retrog'rada. Poda- 
 gra retrog'^ada, Arthro'sia Podagra eampli- 
 fa'ta, Reee'dent, mispla'eed^gout, (F.) Goutte 
 rem^ntee, G. malplacee, G. rentree, is when it 
 leaves the joints suddenly and attacks some in- 
 ternal organ, as the stomach, ihtestines, lungs, 
 brain, &c. 
 
 Gout is also called, according to the part it 
 may afiect. Podagra, Go,nagra, Chiragrfft, &c. 
 It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise 
 to concretions, which are chiefly composed of 
 urate of soda. See Calculus, (Arthritic.) It 
 may, also, give occasion to nodosities, when it 
 is called Arthritis nodo'sa, (F.) Goatte nouee. 
 The treatment is of the antiphlogistic kind, 
 and the local disorder should be but little inter- 
 fered with. Colchicum seems to have great 
 power over the disease. It forms the basis of 
 the Eau m.edicinale d'Husson; a celebrated 
 French gout remedy. The bowels must be 
 kept regular by rhubarb and magnesia ; and a 
 recurrence of the disease^be prevented by ab- 
 stemious habits. 
 
 GotiT, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris — g. 
 Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute — g. Weed, 
 Ligusticum podagraria. 
 GOUT, Taste. 
 
 GOUTTE, Gout, Gutta— §■. Blanche, Gout 
 (atonic)— §■. Froide, Gout (atonic)— o-. Malpla- 
 cee, Gout, (retrograde)- |r. Nouee, Gout (with 
 nodosities) — g. S-eguliire chaude, Goiit (regu- 
 lar) — g.Remontie, Gout (retrograde) — g. Rent- 
 ree, Gout, (retrograde)— §-. Rose, Giitta rosea — 
 g. Sdatique, Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa— ^. Se- 
 reine. Amaurosis — g. Vague, Gout (vtfandering.) 
 GOUTTEUX, Arthritic. 
 GOUTTIME (F.), Collic"ise. A gutter in 
 a bone, like that used for carrying off rain. 
 Some of these cavities are intended to facilitate 
 the sliding, of tendons, such as the Gouttihe 
 Bidpitale or Bieip'ital groove. Others, as the 
 Gouttiire sagittale or Sagittal groove, lodge 
 blood-vessels and especially veins. Others, 
 again, are merely intended for the support of 
 
 certain organs ; as the Gouttiire haiilaire or 
 Bas'ilary fossa which supports the medulla 
 oblongata. ' 
 
 GOUTTIkRE BICIPITALE, Bicipital 
 groove — g. Lacrymale, Lachrymal groove — g- 
 Sacre, Sacral groove. 
 
 GOUTY RHEUMATISM, see Rheumatism, 
 
 * GOUTERNAIL DU TESTICULE, Gu- 
 bernaculum testis. 
 
 GOWLAND'S LOTION, sefe Lotion, Gow- 
 land's. 
 
 GOWN, RED, Strophulus— g. Yellow,' Ic- 
 terus infantum. 
 
 GRACILIS, Macer, Macilen'tus. Slender, 
 lean. Also, the slender Rectus inte'rior fem'- 
 oris sive Grae"ilis interior, Sous-pieiio-creti- 
 tibial, Sous-pubio-pretiUai (Ch.) Droit ou grile 
 interne de la cuisse. This muscle is situate at 
 the inside of the thigh: It is thin and very 
 long ; and arises from the descending ramus of 
 the pubis, to be inserted at the inner and infe- 
 rior part of the tuberosity of the tibia. Jt bends 
 t^e leg and. causes abduction of the thigh. See 
 Grile. 
 
 Gkacilis, Anteeior, Rectus femoris. 
 
 GRAD'UATE, Gradua'tus^itoTC^ Gradus,' a 
 step,' 'a degree.' In medicine, one who has 
 attained a degree, — usually, the deg> ee of doctor. 
 
 GR^A, y^aia. The, pellicle, which forms 
 on milk. The folds of skin round the umbili- 
 cus. An old woman. 
 
 GRAIN, Granum; the 60th part of a Troy, 
 and the 79dvpart of a Poids^ de marc drachm. 
 
 GRAIwk D'ECARLATE, Coccus cacti— 
 g. Muse, Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. deTurqme, 
 Zea mays — g. d' Aspic, see Phalaris Canariensis 
 -r-g. de Paradis, Afflomum grana paradisi — g. 
 de Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius (seed.) 
 
 GRAISSE, Einguedo — g.deMauton, SeYom 
 — a. d'Oie, Adeps anserina — g. Oxygenei,'lJn- 
 guentum acidi nitfosi — ^g'. de Pore, Adeps prae- 
 parata. 
 
 GRAMEN ^GYPTIACUM, G. Crucis.cy- 
 perioidis — g. Caninum, Triticum repens. 
 
 G R A M E N Crucis Cyperioi'dis, Grartien 
 JEgyptiacuTn, JEgy-p'tian Cock's foot grass. 
 The roots and plants possess the virtues of the 
 Triticum repens, and have been recommended 
 in the earlier stages of dropsy. They were, 
 formerly, considered to possess many other pro- 
 jjefties. 
 
 Grami;n DiDSOoBiDis, Triticum repens — g. 
 Major, Sarsaparilla GermanicaT--g. Orientale, 
 Juncus odoratus — g. Repens, Triticum repens 
 — g. Rubrum, Sarsaparilla vGermanica. 
 
 GRAMIA, chassis, Lippitudo. 
 
 GRAlVtiNlV'OROUS, Gramiriiv'orps, from 
 gramen, 'grass,' and roro, 'I eat.' Feeding or 
 subsisting on grass. 
 
 GRAMMARIUM, Scruple. 
 ' GRAMME, yfxuii.r). An ancient weight, 
 equivalent'to the 94th part of an ounce, or to 
 24 grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois. At the 
 present day, the gramme is equal in .weight to 
 a cubed centimetre of watery or to 18 grains, 
 poids de marc — 15.444 grains, Troy. 
 
 Gramme,, Iris, Line. 
 
 GRANA, Hemicrania— g. Molucca, Croton 
 tiglium — g. Moschi, Hibiscus abelmoschus — 
 g. Orientis, see Men^spermum cocculus — g. 
 Tiglii seu Tiglia, see Cfoton tiglium— g. Tilii, 
 Croton tiglium. 
 
GEANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED 400 
 
 GRAVEL 
 
 GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passi- 
 flora maliformis. 
 GRAN ATI RADICIS CORTEX, see Punica 
 
 granatu'm. 
 
 GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi. 
 
 GRANDER' AL^. The hair wMcE grows 
 in the arm, pits.. 
 
 GRANDINOSUM OS, Cuboid. 
 
 GRANDO, Chalaza. 
 
 GRANDULA, Gland. 
 
 GRANIV'OROUS, Graniv'orus, from gra- 
 num, ' a grain,' and voro, ' I eat.' deeding 
 or subsisting on grain or seeds. 
 
 GRANTRISTUM, Anthrax. 
 
 GRANULAR DEGENERATION OR DIS- 
 ORGANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY, Kid- 
 ney, Bright's disease, of the. 
 
 Gkahulae Conjunctiva,' Trachoma — g. 
 Eyelid, Trachoma^^g. Liver, Cirrhosis, 
 
 GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
 
 GRANULA'TION, Granula/tio^ from g-ra- 
 num, 'a grain.' Getn/ma, (E.) Bourgeon, JB, 
 charnu. Granulations are the reddish, conical, 
 flesh-like shoots, which form at _the surface of 
 suppurating wounds and ulcers. They are the 
 product of inflammatory excitement, and may 
 be produced in indolent ulcersj by, exciting the 
 parts by proper stimulants.' They form~ the 
 basis of the cicatrix. 
 
 Geanulation is, likewise, a name given by 
 the modern French physicians to an organic ! 
 lesion, consisting^ in the formation of small,- 
 round, firm, shining, semi-transparent tumours, 
 of the size and shape of millet seed or of a pea ; 
 which are met with in the lungs particularly, 
 and in considerable quantity j often without ma- 
 terially interfering: with their functions. 
 
 GRANVLA TION& C&REBRALES, Glan- 
 dulae Pacchioni. 
 
 Geanula'tions Mil'iaey, or Miliary tu'her- 
 cles, are the small transparent grains, of vari- 
 able size, from that of a millet seed to that of a' 
 grain of hemp, which are presumed to be the 
 primitive state of tubercles. 
 
 GRAN'ULE, Gran'ulum; , diminutive of ^ro- 
 m?«», ' a grain.' A small grain ; a small com- 
 pact particle, aj:ytoblast.- 
 
 Gean'x^les Sem'inal, Gran'zda sem'inis. Mi- 
 nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in 
 the semen, which are, in all cases, much less 
 numerous than the spermatozoids. See Sperm. 
 
 GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran- 
 ville^s counter-irritant. 
 
 GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see 
 Kino. 
 
 Geape-Cuee, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) 
 Traubencur. A mode of medication in 
 Germany, which consists in the uSe of the 
 grape for both meat and drink j nothing more at 
 the farthest being allowed than a piece of dry 
 bread. This diet is continued for weeks. Its 
 effects are'altogether revellent, and resemble in 
 many respects those of hydropathy. 
 
 Geapes, Deied, Uv« passae. 
 
 GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAPHIODES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAPHIOIDES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'eus Di'oclis. An 
 instrument invented by Diodes for extracting 
 darts. It is described by Celsus. 
 
 GRAPHI'TES,P;;iOT}o'n'o,SKpe«ar4Kre'tJ{m 
 Ferri, Carbure'tum Ferri, Petri Carhona'tum, 
 F, Supercarbure'tuTfi, Carbo minera'lis. Gale- 
 
 ne'a, Gale'n'i, Carburet of iron, SlacJ^ lead, 
 Wad, (F.) Xlraymi noir, Flombagine, This 
 substance .has been esteemed slightly astringent 
 and dessiccatlye.. It has been advised by 
 Weinhold in the cure of herpes. 
 
 GRAPHOIDiES, Styloid. 
 
 GRAS DBS GADAVRBS, Adipocire— ^r. 
 de Jambe, Sura — g. des Cimetieres, Adipocire 
 — g. de Sam.be, Sura. 
 
 GRAS <FONDTTRB (F.), Diarrha'a adipo'- 
 sa, literally molten grease. A species of diar- 
 rhoea, referred to by old writers '; accompanied 
 with great emaciation, and in which the evacu- 
 ations contain fat-like- matter. According to 
 Sauvages, the Gras-fondnre differs from coli- 
 liquative diarrhoea in not being attended with 
 hectic fever. . 
 
 GRASS, Asparagus — g. Bitter, Aletris fari'- 
 nosa — g.' Canary, cultivE^ted, Phalaris Canari- 
 ensis — g. Coueh, Triticum repens — g. Dog, 
 Triticum repens — g. Egyptian cock's foot, 
 Gramen crucis' cyperioides — g. Goat's, Scorzo- 
 nera — g. Knot, Polygonum'aviculare^g. Sweet, 
 Acorus Calamus — g. Vipers', Scorzoneia. 
 
 GRASSET, (F.) The anterior region of the 
 thigh, bounded below by the patella. 
 
 GRASSkrEMENT (,¥.),'Sonus blasus, 
 Rotacis'mus, from .(F.),g'ra«, 'thjck,' 'speak- 
 ing thick.' A,cc6rding to Sauvages, a vicious 
 pronunciation of the letter r. They' who 
 speak thick, like the inhabitants of Newcastle, 
 in England, or of Havre, in France, have diffi- 
 culty in pronouncing the ?-,.an'd they frequently 
 substitute for it the letter /; but this does not 
 properly constitute Grasseyement, It consists 
 in this : that,' in words in which the letter t is \ 
 
 joined to another consonant, a sort of burring 
 or guttural rolling is heard, nearly like that 
 produced by gargling. See Rotacism. 
 
 GRASUS, Ginabra. 
 
 GRATELLE, Psoriasis. 
 
 GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis. 
 ,'GRATIOLA CENTAURIODES, G. offici- 
 nalis.' ... 
 
 Geatio'la Offioina'liS, Digitalis min'tma, 
 Gra'ti'a Dei, Gratiola Centauridides, Hedire 
 hyssop, Herb of Grace. It is a native of the 
 South of Europe. (F.) Serbe au 'panvre'ho'mim, 
 The plant is inodorous; 'taste strong, bitter, 
 nauseous. It is possessed of anthelmintic, pur- 
 gative, emetic, and diuretic properties. Bcyse, 
 teflf grains. 
 
 GRATTERON, Galiuni aparine. 
 
 GRATTOIR, Raspatorium. 
 
 GRAVATIF,'Rea.vj. 
 
 GRAVE, Serious— g.PlaritjDaturasanguinca. 
 , GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza—g. Neonato- 
 rum, Snuffles. 
 
 GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'lis -areno'sa, lathi'- 
 usis nephjrit'ica, -Ij. rena'lis, (F.) Gravelle. A 
 disease occasioned by small concretions, simi- 
 lar to sand or gravel, Gla'iea, (F.) Grimier, 
 which forrn in the kidneys, pass along the ure- 
 ters to the bladder, and are expelled with the 
 urine. These concretions, which are cbmmanly 
 composed of uric acid and an animal matter, 
 are deposited at the bottom of the vessel, im- 
 mediately after the excretion of the urine ; and, 
 by their hardness and resistance under the fin- 
 ger, differ considerably from the ordinary sedi- 
 ment of that liquid. A vegetable diet and al- 
 kaline drinks are the best prophylactics. See 
 Calculi, Urinary. A fit of the Gravel, N»- 
 
GRAVELEVX 
 
 401 
 
 GROSSESSE 
 
 phral'^a ealeulo'sa seu -^reno'sa, Co'Kcq, ne- 
 phiit'ica, is the excruciating suffering induced 
 by the passage of gravel from the kidney to the 
 bladder. It can only be relieved by opiates, the 
 warm bath, &c. 
 
 When the deposit is in fine particles, it is 
 termed Sand, An'na, Are'nula, Psam'ma, 
 PsamTntis, 
 Gravel Grass, Galium verum. 
 Gravel, Pilkous or Hairy, i^'? .) Grdvelle 
 piletise. A species of gravel containing hairs, 
 phosphate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesian phos- 
 phate, and a Uttle uric acid. — Magendie. 
 GRAVELEXTX, Calculous. 
 GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel— g:. Tihuse, 
 Gravel, pileous. 
 GRAVEOLENS, Fetid. 
 - GRAVIDA, Pregnant. - 
 
 GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnaney^g. 
 Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra- 
 uterina, see Pregnancy — g. Extra-uterina in 
 Ovario, Pregnancy, ovarian — g. Extra-uterina 
 Secundaria, Metacy^sis — g. Interstitialis, Preg- 
 nancy, interstitial — g. Molaris, .Mole — g. Spu- 
 ria, Pregnancy, false — g. .Tubaria,. Salpingo- 
 cyesis — g. Uteri substantia. Pregnancy, inter- 
 stitial — g. Uterina, Pregnancy. 
 - GRAVIER, Gravel. 
 
 GRAVIMETER, Areometer. 
 GRAVIS, Heavy. 
 
 GRAVITY, SPECIFIC, Gravitas specif - 
 ica, (F.) Fesanteur spedfique. The relation 
 betvpeen the weight of a body and its bulk; 
 thus, supposing four- bodies to be of the same 
 size, but which weigh, one four, another three, 
 another two, and the fourth one; the specific 
 gravity of the first, will be four times greater 
 than that of the last. The specific gravities of 
 different bodies are, therefore, as the Weights, 
 bulk for bulk. For solids, and liquids, water 
 is taken as the unit; atmospheric air for.the 
 gases. Thus, water is ], 000 ;\ mercury at the 
 conmion temperature, 13.58, Whence, we con- 
 clude mercury is between thirteen and fourteen 
 times heavier than water. 
 
 GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN, Cor- 
 tex cerebri. 
 
 GREASE, BARROWS, Adeps suilla— g. 
 Goose, Adeps anserina— g. Molten, GrUs-fon- 
 
 GREENHEART, see Bebeeru. 
 
 GREENHOW'S TINCTURE FOR THE 
 TEETH, Spiritus armoracise compositus. 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis. 
 
 GREENWEED, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 GRELE (F.), Grac"ilis, 'Ipng and thin.' 
 This epithet is given by the French to various 
 parts, as the 
 
 Apopkyse GriU du Martemi, the slender 
 apoph'ysis or process of the mal'leus, a long 
 process situate at' the anterior part of the neck 
 of the malleus, which passes out by the fissure 
 of Glaserius. It is also Called the Apoph'ysis 
 of Rati, although it was already known to Fa- 
 bricius ab Aquapendente and to Csecilius Tol- 
 lius. „ " 
 
 GRELE, Chalaza — g. Interne de la cuisse. 
 Gracilis. 
 
 GRiMIL OFFICINALE , Lithospermum 
 officinale. 
 
 GREMIUM, Vulva. 
 
 GRENADE, Influenza. 
 
 GRENADIER, Punica granatum. 
 
 GRENADIN, see Punica granatum. 
 
 GRiNIERS, VesiculaB seminales'. 
 
 GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta. 
 
 GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula. 
 
 GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Sulphuretted springs in the department of 
 Basses-Alpes, France. 
 
 GRESSURA, Perinseum. 
 
 GRESSUS, Walking. 
 
 GREVETXRE, Hernia. 
 
 GRIELUM, Apium petroselinum, Smyrnium 
 olusatrum. 
 
 GRINCEMENT DES DENTS, Bryg- 
 mus. 
 
 GRINDERS, Molar teeth—g. Asthma, see 
 Asthma, grinders'— -e. Rot. Asthma, grinders'. 
 
 GRIPES, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 Gripes, Watery. A popular name for a 
 dangerous form of diairrhoea, common in Eng- 
 land, which does not differ essentially from the 
 cholera infantum of this country. 
 
 GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 
 GRIPPE (F.), from gripper,- Ho gripe,' 
 ' catch hold of.' A vulgar name for several 
 catarrhal diseases, which. have reigned epide- 
 mically ; as the Influenza. 
 
 GRIPP£, Pinched. 
 
 GROAN, see Suspirium. 
 
 GROATS, German Grutze; Gruttim, Av6'- 
 na eacortica'ta ; (F.) Gruaw, OsXraezi, {Tori- 
 shire.) Oats, hulled, but uugroimd, (^Lcmca- 
 shire.) Hilled oats, half grounds Oats that 
 have the hulls taken off;' Grits. ■ When crushed, 
 they are termed Embden groats. 
 
 A decoction of these is administfered as a 
 diluent and demulcent.' 
 
 Groats, Cracow, Semolina. - 
 
 GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 GROG-ROSES, Gutta rpsea. 
 
 GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale, 
 
 GROOVE, Farrow, Sulcus, (F.) Rainure. 
 Icelandic, grafa. Sax, srapan, to dig. A chan- 
 nel or gutter, in a bone or surgical instrument. 
 See Coulisse. 
 
 GROOVED. Same etymon. Sutca'ius, 
 Stria'tus, Canalicula'tusj (F.y Gannett on 
 Canele oa Canalicicle ; Canaliculated. Having 
 a small channel or gutter. 
 
 GROS, Drachm — g: Cou, Brbnchocele. 
 
 GROSEILLIER NOIRi Ribes nigrum— g-. 
 Rouge, Ribes rubrum. 
 
 GRVSSE GORGE, Bronchocele. , 
 
 GROSSESSE, Pregnancy— g-. Ahdomiiiale, 
 Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Afastale,'PiegmLiicj, 
 afoetal — g. Bigeminale, Pregnancly, bigeminal 
 — g. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex — g. Com- 
 ^oje'«, Pregnancy, compound — g. Contre-ndture, 
 Pregnancy, extra-uterine^-g-, Pansse ou appa- 
 rente, Pregnancy, false — g'. Fastale, Pregnancy, 
 foetal — g-. Gazo-hysterique,. Pregnancy, gazo- 
 hysteric — g. Himatp-hysterique, Pregnancy, 
 hemato-hysteric^-g'. Hydrb-hysterique, Preg- 
 nancy, hydro-hysteric — g. Inter-extrd-uterine, 
 Pregnancy, conlplex-rg'. 'Ovariefine, Pregnancy, 
 ovarial — g. Sarco-hysteriqut, Pregnancy, sarco- 
 hysteric^-g'. Sarcofatetle^ Pregnancy,' sarcofoe- 
 tal — g. Sitnple, Pregnancy, solitary — g. Soli- 
 taire, Pregnancy, solitary— g-. Trigeminale, 
 Pregnancy, trigeminal---ft-. Triple, Pregnancy, 
 trigemi'nal — g. Tub&ir.e, Pregnancy, tubil— ^. 
 Utero-aidominale, Pregnancy, utero-abdominal 
 — g. TJtero-ovarienne, Pregnancy, utero-ova- 
 rian— 1^. Xltero-tulairer, Pregnancy, utero-tubal. 
 
GROSSULARIA NON SPINOSA 
 
 402 
 
 GDM ANIME 
 
 GROSSULARIA NON SPINOSA, Ribes 
 nigrum. 
 
 GROUILLEMENT D'PNTRAILLES, 
 Borborygmus. 
 
 GROUND BERRY, Gaultheria— g. Holly, 
 Gaultheria— g. Ivy, Gaultheria — g, Nut, Ara- 
 chis hypogea, Pignut. 
 
 GROUND PINE, Teucrium chamsepitys — 
 g. p. French, Teucrium iva.- 
 
 GROUNDSELj Senecio. 
 
 GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria. r 
 
 GRpWTH, from Dutch groeyeji, Cres- 
 centiaf A-naplo'sis, AnaptyxHs, (F.) Croissance. 
 The development of the body; particularly in 
 the direction of its height. Also, any adven- 
 titious tissue ; thus, wesp^akof awioritigrowfA 
 OY formation. 
 
 ORUAU, Groats. 
 
 GRUMEAU, Coagulum. 
 
 GRUMOUS, Grvmo'suS) from grumus, 'a 
 clot.' Clotted.. 
 
 GRUMUS, Coagul^im, 
 
 GRUTUM. 'Groats.' Grutum Mil'ium, 
 Mil'ium. A hard white tubercle of the skin, re- 
 sembling, in size and appearances a millet-seed. 
 It is confined to the face. See,^also, Groats. 
 
 GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, {Y.) 
 Pied de Griffon. An instrument of whiehAm- 
 brose Parfe speaks, which was used for extract- 
 ing moles from the uterus. 
 
 GRYPHOSIS, Onyshogryphosis. 
 
 GRYPO'SISjfromj-juTloo), 'I ineurvate.' In- 
 eurva'tio. Curvature or crookedness in gene- 
 ral. Crookedness or incurvation of the nails. 
 See Onycho^ry posts. 
 
 GRYPOTE'S, see Grypusi , 
 
 GRYPUS. One who has a crooked or aqui- 
 line nose. The condition is termed Gry'potes. 
 
 GUA'CO, Hua'co. The name of a plant, 
 E«pato'MKm'G?<aco, described by Humbpldt and 
 Bonpland under the name Mika'nia G?/ffln),which 
 groves in the valleys of Madalena, Rio-Cauca, 
 &c., in South America. The negroes use the 
 jijice against the bites of poisonous reptiles ; — 
 both in the Wfiy of prevention and cure. It has 
 been, of late, brought forward as a remedy in 
 cholera. 
 
 GUAIACINE, see Guaiacum. 
 
 GUAI'ACUM, G. Officina'le; G. America'- 
 tium, lAgmim vita, L. sanctum, L. benedic'- 
 t'Umi, Palus sanctus, higwtim In'dictim, Ha- 
 giox'ylum, (E.) Gayae, Gdiae; Gomme Guai'ac. 
 The resin and wood are both used in medicine. 
 Their odour is slightly fragrant; taste warm 
 and bitter, of the resin more so than of the 
 wood. The resin is concrete, brittle; colour, 
 externally, greenish ; internally grayish. Wa- 
 ter dissolves about one-tei>th; alcohol 95 parts. 
 It is soluble, also, in liquor potassai 15 parts, 
 liquor ammonia 38 parts. The powder is 
 whitish, but changes to green in the air. The 
 base of the guaiacum is a peculiar resin, called 
 Guaiacine. 
 
 Guaiacum is stimqjant and diaphoretic ; and 
 in large doses, purgative. It is administered 
 in chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases, 
 and the seq^uelae of syphilis. Dose of lesiu, gr. 
 V to XX : — to purge, gr. xx to xl. ■ 
 
 GUALTHEEIA, Gaultheria. 
 
 GUANO, — ^ according to Tschudi, properly 
 Huariti, — is formed of the excrements of differ- 
 ent kinds of marine birds — mews, divers, sheer- 
 breaks, &c., but especially of the Sula varie- 
 
 ga'ta. It is found in enormous layers in 1] 
 South American islands of the Pacific, and 
 used as manure. 
 
 GUARANA, PauUinia. 
 
 GUARAPO. A fermented liquor made, i 
 Peru, of sugarcane pulp and water. It is a vei 
 favourite beverage of the negroes. — Tschudi. 
 
 GUARD (for a bed,) AUse. 
 
 GUARERBA ORBA, Moraordica elateriun 
 
 GUAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum. 
 
 GUAYAVA, Psidium pomiferum, 
 
 GUBERNAC'ULUM DENTIS, {Guhtrm 
 culum, ' a rudder.?) A cord, which passes froi 
 the folliclp of the permanent tooth along a sma 
 long canal behind the alveolus of the milk tootl 
 and becomes continuous with the gum. Tl 
 gubernaculum has been supposed to direct tl 
 permanent tooth outwards. ' The canal h< 
 been termed Iter dentis. 
 , GtjbermAodltjm. Testis, G. t. Humteri, L 
 ■gamen'tum suspenso'rium Testis, (F.) Gouvei 
 nail du testieute. A triangular, fibro-cellulB 
 cord ; which, in the foetus, arises from the k 
 mus of the ischium and> the skin of \he scrotun 
 and proceeds to the posterior part of the t^st 
 cle, before this organ issues from the abdomei 
 It is a continuation of the fascia superficialii 
 and, by contracting to occasion the descent ( 
 the testicle, it lengthens the fibres of the lessf 
 oblique muscle ; so as to produce the cremai 
 ter, and is itself expanded to constitute tl 
 dartos. , ' 
 
 GUEPE, Wasp. 
 
 GUiRJSON, Cijre. 
 
 GUdRISSABLE, Curable. 
 
 GI/Tj Viscum album.' 
 
 G U I L A N P I-N A M RIN'GA. A plan 
 which Etffoids the Ben nut, and the ligjiiim » 
 phritifum. It is also called Morin'ga OIHJ 
 era, ^M. Zeylan'ica, Ben, Glans unguenta/rii 
 Ben Nux, Bal'anus Myrep'sica, San'daiw. 
 cmru'leum. Oily Acorn or Ben nmt. It is 
 West India nut which furnishes an oil, O'te 
 Balarii'num, tbat does not become rancid l 
 age, and is hence used by perfumerS. It is pu: 
 gative. 
 
 The wood of the Guilandina is called it| 
 num JVephrit'icum, and .has been used in decoi 
 tion, in affections of the urinary organs. 
 
 GUIMAVVE, Althaea—^. FeZo«tce, Hibisct 
 abelmoschus. 
 
 GULA, CEsophagus, Pharynx. 
 
 GULiE IMBECILLITAS; Pharyngopleg 
 — g. Principium, Pharynx. 
 
 GULLET, (Esophagus. 
 
 GULOSUS, Glutton. ; 
 
 GUM ANIME, Anime— g. Arabic, Acaci 
 gummi — g. British, Dextrin — g. Butea, si 
 Butea frondosa-^g. Caranna, Caranna — g. Dr 
 gon, Tragacantha — g. plastic, Caoutchouc — ^j 
 Falling away of the, Ulatrophia — g. Hemloc. 
 see Pinus Canadensis — g. Indigenous, Gumi 
 nostras — g. irxnvpe-cf Sandarac-^%, Orenbur 
 see Pinus larix — g. Red, Strophulus — g. Resi 
 Gummi resina — g. Sandarach, Sandarac^g. S 
 neca, Acaciae gummi — g. Senega, Acaciae gut 
 mi — g.. Shrinking of the, Ulatrophia— g- Swcf 
 Liquidambar styradiflua — g. Tragacanth, Tr 
 gacanth — g. Tree, brown, see Kinb — g. Whil 
 Strophulus — g. Yellow, Icterus infentum. 
 
 Gum-Lancet, Dentiscal'pium, Odontog'l 
 phon, (F.) Dechaussoir. An instrument i 
 separating the gum from the cervix of the toot 
 
GUMBOIL 
 
 403 GUTTjE ABBATIS ROUSSEAU 
 
 prior to extraction. It is formed much like a 
 fleam. The operation itself is called Lancing the 
 gums,Den'tium scalptv!ra, {V.)Dechawssement. 
 
 GUMBOIL, Parulis. 
 
 GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour, 
 formed in the penosteiamj occupying particular- 
 ly the cranium arid sternum, and produced hy 
 the syphilitic virus, when it has heen long in 
 the constitution. It is so called, because, when 
 opened, it contain^ a matter like""gum. 
 
 GUMMI, Commi, xo/i/n, (F.) Gomme. An 
 immediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid 
 Uncrystallizable, inodorous substance, of a maw- 
 kish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in 
 alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it 
 forms a linuoilage. It is obtained from vari- 
 ous species of mimosa and prunus ; and conse- 
 quently there are niany varieties of gUm- They 
 are used in medicine as demulcents, emollients, 
 and relaxantsj particularly in catarrh, intes- 
 tinal irritations, &c.; and in Pharmacy, they 
 arfr employed in the formation of emulsions, 
 p|Us, &c. . 
 
 GuMMi AcacijE AraeicjE, Acaciae gummi — 
 g. Acanthinum, Acaciae gummi — g. Adstringens 
 Fothergilli, Kino— g. Ammoniacumi Ammoniac 
 
 — g. Anime, Anime ^r- g- Arabicum, Acaciae 
 gummi — g. Astragali Tragacanths, Tragacan- 
 tha — g. Bogia, Cambogia — g. Brelisis, Caranna 
 
 — g. Gamandrie, Cambogja-r-g. Gambiense; 
 Kino— g. de'Goa, Car^bogia— rg. Gut,ta, Cam- 
 bogia— g. Hederffi, see Hedera helix — g. de Je- 
 mu, Cambogia — g. Junipeii, Sandaiap- g. Lac- 
 cee, Lacca— g. Ladanum, see Ci^tus creticus— 
 g. Lamac, Acaciae gummi— g. Leueum, Acaciae 
 gummi. 
 
 GuMjtti Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Fays; In- 
 dig"enows Gum, The? e generic names aregiven 
 to several species of gum, which flow sponta- 
 neously from certain European fruit tfees,-t- 
 such as the almond, cherry, peach, apricot, &c. 
 The indigenous gums have nearly the same pro- 
 perties as gum Arabic, but they are inferior to it. 
 
 Gummi Panacis, see Pastinaca opoponax— g. 
 ad Podagram, Cambogia. 
 
 GttmmI-Resi'na, G-um-Resin. A milky juice; 
 obtained by making incisions into the branclies, 
 stalks and roots of certain vegetables. ^Gum- 
 resins are compounds of resins, gum, essential 
 oil, and diflferent other vegetable matters. They 
 are solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, acrid 
 taste, variable colour, and are- heavier tljan wa- 
 ter. Water dissolves a part of them, and alco- 
 hol another; hence proof spirit is (he proper 
 menstruum. The generality of the gum-resins 
 are powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts 
 oi the economy. The chief are fisafatida, gum 
 ammoniac, cuphorhium, galh'cmum, cam.hoge, 
 myrrh, olihanvm, opoponax, scammony, aloes, 
 &c. 
 
 Gummi Rubeum Adstringens Gambiense, 
 Kino, see Butea Frondosa— g^; Serapionis, Aca- 
 cia gummi — g. Thebaicum, Acacise gummi — 
 g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha. 
 
 GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous. 
 
 GUMS, Gingivae. 
 
 GUNJAH, Ganjah. The dried hemp plant, 
 which has flowered, and from which the resin 
 has not been removed. It yields to alcohol 20 
 per cent, of a 'resinous extract, composed of 
 the resin — ehtirms, and green colouring mat- 
 
 ter. The Gunjah is used for smoking. The 
 larger leaves and capsules, without the stalks, 
 constitute Sidhee, Siihjee or Bang, which i» 
 used to form with water aij intoxicating drink. 
 See Bangue. 
 
 GURGITELLO, MINERA,L WATERS OF. 
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp. 
 at its source, 176° Fah., It contains carbonic 
 acid, carbonatea^ of lirhe, magnesia,' iron and 
 soda, sulphates of lime and soda, chloride of so- 
 dium and silica. 
 
 GURGLING. 'Gushing with noise,' as 
 water from a bottle. (F.) GargmdlUment., 
 same etymon as gargle. The rhonchus or 
 r&U heard on auscultation when there is a ca- 
 vity in the lun^s containirig pus. It is the 
 ' cavernous rattle,' 'B.aXe cavemeilx. If the ca- 
 vern be large, liis rale will nearly resemble 
 the gurgling of a bottle (glauglou d'ime iou- 
 teille;) if, on the contrary, the cavern be small, 
 it will not differ from the rale muqneux. 
 
 GURGULIO, Penis, Uvnla. 
 
 GVSTATIF, (Nerf,) see Lingual nerve. 
 
 GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste. 
 
 GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve. 
 
 GUSTUS, Taste— g. I>epravatus, Parageus- 
 tia. 
 - GUT, Intestine— g. Blind, Caecum; 
 
 GUTS,SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery. 
 
 GUTTA, ■ Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout— g. 
 Gam'andras, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Cambogia — 
 g. Opaca, Cataract. 
 
 GuTTA. ADrop, Stalag'ma, Alun'sel, Stilla, 
 (F.) Goutte. A quantity of liquid; generally 
 valued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. 
 It is clear, however, that the weight ninst vary 
 according to the nature of the liquid : — a drop 
 of ether, cannot weigh as much as one of sul- 
 phuric acid. The form of the month of the 
 phjal likewise alters the^ize of the drop. These 
 and othrt ciicumstances have induced the Lon- 
 don College to institute the minim, which is 
 the sixtieth part of a fluidrachra. See Mini- 
 mum. 
 
 GuTTA Peroha. The concrete juice of a 
 tree, which is indigenous in Singapore and its 
 vicinity, and belongs to the natural order Sapo- 
 taceae. Plunged in boiling water it softens 
 when it may be moulded like caoutchouc to any 
 form, which it retains on cooling. Splints 
 have been made of it. , 
 
 Gtjtta Rosacea SttphilitijCA, Crown q£ Ve- 
 nus. 
 
 GuTTA Rosea, Gutta S-osa'eea, lon'thus ee~ 
 rymh'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa, C prttrigino' • 
 sa. Acne rosa'cea, Kose'ola acno'sa,, Thytaeii'' 
 tis, Bacehia, 'Butiga, . Carhuncled Face, Rosy 
 Drop or Whelk, Copper-nose, Bottle-nose, Grog^ 
 hlossoms. Grog-roses, (F.) Couperose, Goutts 
 Rose, Bourgeons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose. 
 An eruption of small, suppurating tubercles, 
 with shining redness, and an irregular granular 
 appearance of the skin of the part of the face 
 which is affected. The redness commonly ap- 
 pears first at the end of the nose, and then 
 spreads on both sides. It is often, produced by 
 hard drinking. Its cure must be attempted by 
 regular regimen, and cooling means internally: 
 weak spirituous or satiirnin«! lotions externally. 
 The affection is usually very obstinate. 
 
 GuTTA Serena, Amaurosis. 
 
 GUTT^ ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Lauda- 
 num abbatis Rousseau— g. Ammoniaci, see Am- 
 
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO 
 
 404 
 
 HABIT 
 
 moniac gum — g. Acidse, tonicse, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri — g. Neryinse, Alcohol sulfurico-aethe- 
 reus ferri. ,- 
 
 GviT-x NiGE^, Ace'tiim o'pii, Commori Black 
 Drop. (Opii Jviij, aeeti destillat. llBij, Infuse.) 
 It is milder than the tincture of opium. — Gray. 
 
 The celebrated Black Drop, han'caster or 
 Quaker's Black Drop, may be made as follows : 
 take half a pound of opium sliced ; three pints 
 of good ve^idce, Qv.ic6 Of the yn\A crab,) 
 ohe and a half ounce of nutmegs, and half an 
 ounce of saffiron. Boil to a proper thickness 
 and add a quarter of a poutid of sugar, and two 
 spoonfuls of yeast. Set the whole. in a warm 
 place, near the fire, for six or eight weeks; 
 then place it in the open air until it becomes a 
 syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up, 
 adding a little sugar to each bottle. One drop 
 is equal to three of laudanum ; and it is nearly 
 devoid of all the unpleasant exciting effects of 
 
 . GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Car- 
 tilage. 
 
 GUTTERIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 GUTTUR. The throat;, the larynx; the 
 trachea. 
 
 Gdttur Globosum, Bronchocele— ^g. Tumi- 
 dum, Bronchocele. 
 
 GUTTURAL, Guttura'lis, from guttur, 'the 
 throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. 
 
 The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes 
 called Guituial Artery, 
 
 A Guttural Conigh is oije occasioned by irri- 
 tation of the larynx or trachea. 
 
 A Guttural Sound is one producedj as it were, 
 in the throat. , 
 
 GUTTURIS OS, Hyoides os. 
 
 GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 GYMNA, Genital organs. 
 
 GYMNASION, Exercise. ' 
 
 GYMNA'SIUM, from ym^og, 'naked.' Pa- 
 Ises'tra. An establishment amongst the ancients, 
 intended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, run- 
 ning, &c. 
 
 GYMNAST, Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'td; same 
 etymon. The manager of a gymnasium. One, 
 whose^profession it is to prevent or cure diseases 
 by gymnastics. 
 
 GYMNAS'TICS, Gymnas'tica, Medici' na 
 gymnas'tica seu euec'tica, Somacet'ics. Same 
 etymon. That part of hygienic medicine which 
 treats of bodily exercises. It is'called Med'ical 
 Gymnastics. Tj'he ancients had also Athlet'ie 
 Gymnastics, and Mil'itary Gymnastics. Hero- 
 dicuSjOf Selivrsea, first proposed gymnastics for 
 the cure of disease. 
 
 GYMPfODO'DUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee 
 Tr«e, Mahogany, Niekar Tree,Bondue. An in- 
 
 digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Loi 
 isiana, the leaves of which' are cathartic an 
 said to contain eytisin. The seeds are goe 
 substitutes for coffee. 
 GYJVTNOSIS, Denudation. 
 GYNjE'CANER, from yvtri, 'a woman,' an 
 avijg, 'a man.' Tir effdmina'tus. An effem 
 nate man. 
 
 GYN^CEA, Gynaeceia. 
 
 GYNjECEI'A, Gynaci'a, Gynceee'a, froi 
 ymii, 'a woman.' The catamenia-; — the lochii 
 The diseases of women in general. — Hippoc 
 rates, Galen, Foesius. 
 
 GYNjECEUM, Antimoni\im, Vulva. 
 
 GYNiECE'US, from yun, ' a woman.' B< 
 lorigin'g to women. Female, t'eminine. 
 
 GYNjECIA, Gynaeceia, Menses. 
 
 GYNiECOLOG"lA, Gynecol'tigy, from yvft 
 ' a Woman,' and Koyot, 'a description.' The doi 
 trine of the nature,, diseases, &C. of women. 
 
 GYNiECOMA'NIA, from ym,, 'woman, 
 and /Mna., 'mania,' 'rage.' That species of it 
 sanity, which arises from lov^ for womer 
 Some have used the word synonymously wit 
 nymphomania. 
 
 GYN^COMAS'TUS, Gyna:comas'thus,{ioi 
 ymri, 'woman,' and ^aaroi, 'a breast.' A ma 
 whose breasts are as large as those of a womai 
 — Galen, Ingrassias. 
 
 A considerable enlargement pf the breasts c 
 a female was formerly called Gynseeomas'tpn, 
 
 GYN^COMYSTAX,' from yvrv, 'woman 
 and'|iiuo-,faE, 'the beard.' The hair on the pube 
 of women. — Rolfink. 
 
 GYN^COPHO'NUS, from ij^unj, ^awoman 
 and (pctvt;, 'voice.' A man who has an effem 
 nate voice. 
 
 GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus. 
 
 GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gynan'drus. An he] 
 maphrodite who belongs more to the male tha 
 to the female sex. ' 
 
 GYNATRE'SIA, from yvvri, 'a woman,' an 
 arjuio?, ' iiiiperforate.' Closure or imperfoii 
 tion of the external parts of generation of th 
 female. 
 
 GYNE, Female. 
 
 GYNECOLOGY, GynEecologia.' 
 
 GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite. 
 
 GYNOARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 GYPSY-WEEP, Lycopus Virginicus. 
 
 GY;RI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities (cerebral 
 Convolutions (cerebral,) — g. Cochlea;, Scalae ( 
 the Cochlea. 
 
 GYROMIAVIRGINICA,MedeolaVirginic 
 
 GYROPHLE, see Eugenia carydphyllatai 
 
 GYROPHORA, see Tripe de Roche. 
 
 GYRUS, Anfractuosity, Convolution. 
 
 H. 
 
 HAB-];L-KALIMEAT,Pistaciaterebinthus. 
 
 HABE'NA. A Bridle, J'el'amon A ban- 
 dage for uniting the lips of wounds ; which, in 
 many instances, replaced the suture. — Galen. 
 
 HABENvE OF THE PINEAL . GLAND, 
 Bee Pineal gl^nd. 
 
 HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio, 
 Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Five de Carthagine. 
 
 A kind of bean of South America, famed as i 
 effectual antidote for the poison of all serpeni 
 if a small quantity be eaten immediately. 
 
 HABIT, HaUtu'do, from habere, ' to have 
 to hold;' Assuetu'do, Mos, XIsus, Consuetu'a 
 Ethos, 'sgrt, Hesds, Ethmos'yni, (F.) HaMtm 
 Accoutumance. Habit is the ^titude for i 
 peating certain acfs : — or, a facility, which i 
 
HABITUDE 
 
 405 
 
 HiEMATIN 
 
 suits from the frequent repetition of the same 
 act. It is, according to vulgar expression, ' a 
 second nature.' Habit may predispose to cer- 
 tain diseases, or it may protect us against them. 
 It ought not to be lost sight of, in attending to 
 the progress of disease, or its treatment. 
 
 Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Mab'itus^ Hab - 
 itws Cor'ppris, Catas'taais, Hexis, Epiphani'a, 
 (F.) Habitude exierieure. Habitude du corps. 
 The aggregate of the physical qualities of the 
 human body. 
 
 HABITUDE, Habit— A. du Corps, Habit of 
 body — h. JSaSerieMje, Habit of body. 
 HABITUDO, Habit., 
 HABITUS', Habitof bcidy— h. Apoplecticus, 
 Apoplectic habit — h. Corporis, Habit of body. 
 HACHISCH, Bangue. 
 HjEMA, 'a/^o, '«i«oti>s, 'blood.' 
 HyEMACHROINE, Haematine. 
 H^MACHRO'SES, ( {G.y Hamachrosen,) 
 from 'm/Mf, ' blood,' and j'paio/;, ' coloration.' 
 A femily of diseases in which the blood has its 
 colour different from usual, as in purpura and 
 cyanosis. — f'uchs. 
 
 HiEMACY'ANIN, froin 'ai^a, ' blood,' and 
 ■(uaro!, 'blue.' A blue colouring matter, de- 
 tected by Sanson in heiilthy blood, and in bile 
 by some chemists, but not by others. 
 
 H^MADON'OSUS, from 'aiact, ' blood,' and 
 foa-og, ' a disease.' , Hamatangion'osus, Hsfna- 
 tangionu'sus, Htematangio'sis, Disease of the 
 blood-vessels. ' , 
 
 H^MADOSTO'SIS, from 'aiMa, 'blood,' 
 and oo-iuirtt, 'a bony tumour.' Ossification of 
 the blood-vessels. 
 H.(EMADYNAMETER, Haemadynamomefer. 
 H/EMADYNAMOM'ETER, Hamadynam'- 
 eter; from 'aifia, ' blood,' Juvoiti/f,, ' power,' and 
 fiiT^cv, ' a measure.' An instrument for mea- 
 suring the force of the blood in the vessels. It 
 consists of a bent glass tube, the lower bent 
 part of which is filled with mercury. A brass 
 head is fitted into the artery, and a little of a 
 solution of soda is interposed between the mer- 
 cdry and the blood, wluch is allowed to enter 
 the tube for the purpose of preventing its co- 
 agulation. The pressure of the blood on the 
 mercury in the descending portion of the bent 
 tube causes the metal to rise m the ascending 
 portion; and the degree to which it rises indi- 
 cates the pressure under which the blood moves. 
 HiEMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever, 
 yellow. 
 
 HiEMAGOQUM, Pseonia. 
 HjEMAGO'GUS, from '<Hyit«, < blood,' and 
 ay, ' I drive off.' A medicine which promotes 
 the menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 
 
 H^MALO'PIA, Haemophthalmia, Hsema- 
 lopis. 
 
 HiEMALOPIS, Haemophthalmia. 
 H^MALOPS, Haemophthalmia. 
 H^MAPKRITONIRRHAG'TA, (F.) He- 
 maperitonirrhagie : from*atj«a, 'blood,' Trtpna- 
 .raioi, 'peritoneum,' and payti, ' a violent rup- 
 ture.' An exhalation of blood into the perito- 
 neum. 
 
 HjEMAPHiE'IN, Hxmatopksifum, Haemo- 
 phe'um, frqm '«///», ' blood,' and ^aics, ' of a 
 dusky colour.' A term applied by Simon to 
 the brown colouring matter of the blood, sup- 
 posed by some to be nothing more than hsma- 
 
 ' blood,* and <i)e|foe, ' dread.' One who has a 
 dread of blood : — vvho cannot look at it without 
 fainting. 
 
 'H.^MAF6'R'lA,HcBmatapor'ia,Hxmatopor'- 
 
 ia, Oligoha'mia, Oliga! mia, from 'aijio, ' blood,' 
 
 and un'Qoi;, ' poor.' Paucity of blood. See 
 
 Anaemia. 
 
 HiEMAPTYSIS, Haemoptysis'. ^ 
 
 H^MAS, '<t.inai, gen. 'aifiaSog. A blood- 
 
 H^MASTATICA, Haematostatica. 
 HiEMASTAT'ICE, from 'ai^.a^^ ' blood,' and 
 iiTTJifci, ' I remain,' ' reside.' A science, which 
 treats of the strength of the blood-vessels ; Hy- 
 mastat^ics, 
 
 H.EMATANGIONOSUS, H^madonosus. 
 HiEMATANGIOSIS, Haemadonosus. 
 HiEMATAPORIA, Haemaporia. 
 HjEMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera. • 
 H^MATEC 'LYSIS, Hsemotex'ia, Hxmote!^- 
 is, Hsematosep'sis, San'guinis dissolu'tio. Dis- 
 solution of the blood. ' 
 HiEMATEL^UM, see Bipod, 
 H^MATEM'ESIS, from '«i/to, 'blood,' and 
 e^itai, ' I vomit.' Vbm'itus cruen'tus, Hcemor- 
 rha'gia Hoiviateid'esis, Vom'itus seu. Vo'mit"io 
 San'guinis^ Gastrorrha/gia, Gastro-kxmorr- 
 )iag"ia, Ha'morrhag"ia ventric'uli, Hsemorxhala 
 ventric'uli. Vomiting of Blood, (F.) Hemate- 
 TrUse, YomisseTTient de sang. HaematemesiS is 
 generally preceded by a feeling of oppression, 
 weight; and diill or pungent, pain in the epi- 
 gastric, and in the hypochondriac regions ; 
 by anxiety, and, occasionally, by syncope. 
 Blood is then passed by vpmiting, and some- 
 times, also, by stool, — the blood being generally 
 of a gruraous aspect. Haematemesis raay be 
 active or passive ; acute or chronic. The blood 
 effused proceeds, almost always, from a^san- 
 guineous exhalation at the surface of the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach. It is often observed 
 in females, whose menstrual secretion is irre- 
 gularly performed. It is not of much danger, 
 except when connected with disease of some of 
 the solid viscera of the abdomen, On dissec- 
 tion of those who haye died from protracted 
 haematemesis, — for the acute kind is compara- 
 tively devoid of danger, — the mucous mem- 
 brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed, 
 or black, and the vessels considerably dilated. 
 Complete abstinence from food; rest; the hori- 
 zontal posture ; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be 
 active; cold, acidulous drinks, &c., constitute 
 the usual treatment. 
 
 H^MATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy. 
 
 H^MATEPAGOGE, Congestion. 
 
 H^MATERA, Hepatirrhcea. 
 
 H^MATERUS, Sanguine. 
 
 Hi1i',MATERYTHRUM, Hsmatin. 
 
 HiEMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 
 HiEMATHIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 H^MATHORAX, Haematothorax. 
 
 H^MATIASIS, Haematonosus. 
 
 H,4',MAT'lCA,from'«iAta, 'blood.' Diseases 
 of the sanguineous function : — the third class in 
 the nosology of Good. 
 
 HAEMATIC A DocTEiNA, HsBmaltology. 
 
 HyEMATICUS, Sanguine. 
 
 HjEMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 'RM''M.A.'Tm,IIsemciti'na,Hem'atine,H<ima'- 
 tosin, Hem ato sine, Hamater^ythrum, Hamer 
 
 tin modified by an alkali. - ythrum, Zo'dhem'atin, Hemachrt/in, Cru'orin 
 
 HiEMAPH'OBUS, Htemopk'obvs, fiova'ai/ia, Rubrin, Gloh'uUn of some; from 'a-ina, 'blood.' 
 
HiEMATINUS 
 
 406 
 
 HiEMATOMETACHYSIS 
 
 The red colouring principle of the blood. It 
 resides in distinct particles or globules of the 
 blood, and, in the opinion of some observers, 
 in the envelope of the globules. It appears to 
 be of a peculiar character, and one that has not 
 yet been determined by the chemist. That the 
 colour of the blood is not owing to the perox- 
 ide of iron vphich it contains is shown by the 
 fact mentioned by Scherer, that he removed the 
 iron by acids, and yet a deep red tincture was 
 formed when alcohol was added to the resi- 
 duum. 
 
 HJEMATINUS, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MATIS'CHESIS, Hcemis'ekesis, Hcemo- 
 eryph'ia, from 'tu/na^ 'blodd,' and Kr^iit, 'to 
 suppress.' The retention or Suppression of a 
 natural or artificial flow of blood. 
 
 HyEMATISJWUS, Epislaxis, Hamorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATISTH'MUS, from 'aifia, ' blood,' and 
 iir&fii!, ' pharynx.' Hemorrhage into the pha- 
 rynx. 
 
 H^MATI'TES, Hasmati'Hs, from 'ai/ia, 
 'Tjlood.' Resembling blood. Lapis Hemati'- 
 tes. A beautiful ore of iron, called also. 
 Bloodstone, O'chrea rubra, Ox'ydwm fer'riaum 
 crystalliza'tum nati'vum, Ferruvi Hxmatites . 
 When finely levigated, and freed from the 
 grosser parts, by frequent was-hings withwater, 
 it has been long recommended in hemorrhagej 
 fluxes, uterii\e obstructions, &c., in doses of 
 from one scruple to three or four. Also, a vessel 
 that contains blood, 'aii/.a.ttris ^Kiip. 
 
 HiEMATMUS, Gaz sanguinis. 
 
 HiEMATOCATHAR'TI C A, - from '».^ta, 
 'blood,' and xuSagins, 'purification or purga- 
 tion.' Remedies for purifying the blood. 
 
 HiEMATOCE'LE, from 'ui/ua, ' blood,' and 
 tttlit], ' tumour.' A tumour formed by blood. 
 By some, this terra has been applied to a tu- 
 mour formed by blood, efiiised into the cellular 
 texture of the scrotum. Others have used it 
 for tumours arising from effusion of blood into 
 the tunica vaginalis: — ^hasmatocele, according 
 to them, differing from hydrocelei only in the 
 character of the effusion. — Heister. Others, 
 again, have applied it to effusions of blood into 
 the interior of the tunica albiiginea itself. — 
 Richter. The first is the usual acceptation. 
 It ig most commonly caused by wounds or con- 
 tusions; and requires the use of antiphlogistics, 
 discutientsj &c. Sometimes it is necessary to 
 evacuate the effused blood. 
 
 Ha;MATocELE Aeteriosa, Aneurism. 
 
 hj:mato-cerebriform disease, 
 
 Bncephaloid. 
 
 HiEMATOCHE'ZIA, from 'atf,ct, 'blood,' 
 and ;t'^») ' I go to stool.' ^edes craen'tte, Ca- 
 tarrhex'is v^ra, Enterorrhag"ia si/mphx, Di~ 
 arrhtB'a cruen'ta sen semgu-moUft^ta^ Hm'maio- 
 diarrkaa, M</:morrkag"ia ifaBStino'^^tin, En'- 
 tero-hxmorrhag"ia, (F.} Hlmorrhagie des in- 
 testins, ^coulement de sang par Vlntestin,- Dis- 
 charge of blood by stool. See Meleena. 
 
 HiEMATOCHYSIS, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MATOCCE'LIA, from '«i^», 'blood,' 
 and xoiJia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.^ Effu- 
 sion of blood into the abdoMen. 
 
 H^MATOCOL'PUS, from '«<»-«, 'blood,': 
 and KojiToc, 'vagina.' Effusion of blood into 
 the vagina. Accumulation of blood owing to 
 occlusion of the vagina. 
 
 H^MATOCYANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 H^MATOCYSTE, Hematoma saccatum. 
 
 H^MATOCYSTIS, from '««««, < blood,' a: 
 xu^Tts, ' bladder.' Hemorrhage into the bla 
 der. 
 
 H^MATO'DES, Ibimato'i'des, Scmguin'ev 
 Hxm'atoid, He'matoid, from 'xtfict, 'blood,' a] 
 iiios, 'appearance.'' Tha;t which contains bloo 
 or has the chSiracter of blood. 
 
 HiEMATODES FuMGDS, Hamotomy'ces , Fungi 
 cancro'sus ksemato'des, Mel(E'na fun^'sa ca 
 cino'des, Angidiospon'gus, Angiomy'ces^aemt 
 tospon'gus, Twmor fungo'sus sangydn'eus S( 
 anoTTi'alus, Spon'goid inftam/mation, Pulpy i 
 Med'ullary Sarco'ma, Cardno'ma JSamato'de 
 Carcino'ma Spongio'sum, Bleeding, Pwngu 
 Soft Cancer, (F.) Carcinome sanglante, mmi 
 toncie fongoide. An extremely alarming, ca 
 cinomatous affection, which Vas first (lescriba 
 with accuracy, by Mr. John Burns, of GlasgoT 
 It consists in the development of cancerous ti 
 mours, in which the inflammation is accomp; 
 nied with violent h6at and pain, and with- fui 
 gous and bleeding excrescences. Even whe 
 the diseased part is extirpated, at a very earl 
 period, recovery rarely follows : other orgsi 
 being generally implicated at the same timi 
 Fungus baematodes was the term first applie 
 to the disease by Mr. Heyjjf Leeds. Mr. J 
 Burns called it Spongoid iii^a/rmnation, iioi 
 the spbngy, elastic feel, which peculiarly chf 
 racterizes it, and continues even after ulcera 
 tion has taken place. The disease has, mos 
 frequently, been met with in the eyeball, th 
 upper and lower extremities, testicle and mair 
 ma : but it occurs in the uterus, ovary, livei 
 spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland, and in th 
 hip and shoulder-joint. 
 
 Some French surgeons designate, by thi 
 name, those tumours which were former! 
 termed anormales, caverneuses, variqueuses 
 called Erectiles by Dupuytreii, Hematonoiea b; 
 Alibert, Telamgiectasiis by Gxafe. 
 
 H^MATODIARRHCEA, Haematochezia. 
 
 H^MATOGASTER, from.'ai/i«, 'blood, 
 and yas-nf, ' stomach.' Effusion of bloodint' 
 the stomach. 
 
 HjEMATOGLOBULIN, see Globules of th 
 blood. V 
 
 HiEMATOGRA'PHIA, HcBmatog[rapky 
 from 'ai/ix, 'blood,' a.niyi)a<fii, ' a description. 
 A description of the blood. 
 
 H^MATOID, nematodes. 
 
 HiEMATOL'OGY, Hematol'ogy, Hamato 
 log^'ia, HtEmatHca doctri'na, (F.) llematologU 
 from 'ttiiJi a, ' blood,' and ilo^-ot, ' a discourse. 
 That part of medicine which treats of the blood 
 
 H«MATOLOGT, Pathological, (F.) Hemato 
 logic patkologique. Observation of the blooi 
 to detect its varying characters in disease. 
 
 H^MATOL'YSES, ( (G.) Hamatolysm, 
 from 'a ijia, 'blood,' and Auo-it, 'solution.'' Ai 
 order of diseases in which there is diminishei 
 coagulability of the blood. — Fachs. ' 
 
 HjEMATO'MA, Thrombus, Tumor sm 
 guiii'tus, A bloody tumour, especially of thi 
 scalp x>{ the new-born. 
 
 Hjemato'ma Sacca'tum. An encysted tu 
 mour containing blood — Heematocys'te. 
 
 H^MATOMANTI'A, from 'ui^a, 'blood, 
 and fimTim, ' divination.' Judgment of dieeasi 
 from the appearance of the blood. 
 
 H-«MAT0MATRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 H^EMATOMETAqHYSIS, Transfusio san 
 guinis. 
 
HJEMATOMETRA 
 
 407 
 
 HEMATURIA 
 
 HJIMATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia. 
 H^MATOMMA, Haemophthalmia. 
 H^ M A T OMPHALOCE'LE, Hamatom'- 
 fkalum, Hsematom'phakis, from 'ciifta., 'blood,' 
 tfKfaxiis, 'tte navel,' and xiiW), 'a tumour.' 
 Umbilical hernia, the sac of which encloses a 
 bloody serum ; or which has, at its surface, a 
 number of varicose veins ; constituting Vari- 
 eom'pkalus, 
 
 HjEMATOMPHALUM, Haematomphalo- 
 cele. 
 H^MATGMYCES, Haematodes fungus. 
 HjEMATON'CUS, (F.) Hematoncie, from 
 'ai/40j 'blood,' and oj-xoc, 'a tumour.' Alibert 
 has given this name to the Navi mater'ni, Vari- 
 cose uimours. He admits three varieties : — the 
 H. fimgoide, H. framboisie, and H.. tubireuse. 
 
 H^MATON'OSUS ; Htcmati'asis, Hxmato- 
 
 pathi'a, Haemopathi'a, from 'atftit, 'blood,' and 
 
 tioof, ' disease.' A disease of the blood. 
 
 HJBiMATOPATHIA, Haematonosus. 
 
 BLEMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis. 
 
 HiEMATOPERICAR'DIUM, from '«.)««, 
 
 'blood,' and TsfixstfAor, 'pericardium.' Efiiision 
 
 of blood into -the pericardium. 
 
 H^MATOPHiEUM, Haemaphaein. 
 • aEMATOPHIL'IA, HamophU'ia, Hamor- 
 rhophil'ia^ Ididsyncra'^ia hxTnorrkag^'ica, from 
 '»i/au, 'blood,' and ^diu, 'I love.' A hemor- 
 rhagic diathesis.. 
 
 H^MATOPHLEBESTASIS. Sudden sup- 
 pression of a hemorrhage ; — from ar^a-is fatft"- 
 rcs ^hifm, 'suppression of the blood of the 
 Teins.' — Gralen. 
 
 H^MATOPHOB'IA, Hsemophob'ia, from 
 'jtiiKB, ' blopd,' and ())s(J«c, ' dread.' Dread or hor- 
 ror at the sight of blood, producing syncope, &c. 
 H^MATOPHTHALMIA, Hamophthalmia. 
 ILEMATOPHT'HORES, (G.) Ramatoph- 
 thoren; from 'ai/i:t, 'blood,' and ^^ifia, 'corrup 
 tion.' An order of diseases in the classification 
 of Fuchs, in which the blood is materially al- 
 tered in its composition, as in typhus. 
 
 H.EMATOPISIS,(F.)Hf«satoj)i«ie. M. Ca 
 puron, of Paris, has applied the term Hema- 
 topiaie utMne, from analogy with Sydropisie 
 mterine, to a collection of blood which some- 
 times takes place in the uterus, when, owing to 
 faulty conformation, the exit of the menstrual 
 flux is prevented. 
 
 KM.MA.TOPLA'NIAjSasmatopiane'sisjbom 
 'xifca, ' blood,' and nKavtj, ' wandering.' A vi- 
 (Farious hemorrhage. 
 
 H^matopla'nia Menstbita'lis, Menstrua- 
 tion, vicarious. 
 H^MATOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 H.(EMATOP(EA, Hspmatopoetica. 
 H:^MATOPOESIS, Hsematosis. 
 H^MATOPOET'ICA, HxmatapiB'a, &om 
 ^tifia., 'blood,' and jioitu, 'I make.' Agents 
 that favour haematosis. Iron was called by the 
 ancients nu!tal'liim< hsematopaet'ieum. 
 H^MATOPOIESIS, Hasmatosis. 
 H.'EMA-TOPORIA, HiEmaporia. 
 H^MATOPS, Hapmophthalmia. 
 HyEMATOPSIA, Haemophthalmia. 
 H.S;MAT0PTYSIA, Hemoptysis. 
 H^MATOPTYSIS, Haemoptysis. 
 HyEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia my^li- 
 tica. 
 
 H.SMATORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia. 
 HjEMATORRHCEA, Hffimorrhagia. 
 HiEMATORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
 
 HiEMATORRHYSIS, Hamorrhagia. 
 HiEMATOSCHEOCE'LE, Hsemosoheooe'U, 
 Mamatos'eheum, from 'aiiii, 'blood,' tir /lot, 
 'scrotum,' and xi;i>(, ' rupture.' Effusion of 
 blood into the scrotum. 
 
 H.KMATOSCHEUM, Haematoscheocele. 
 H^MATOSCOP'IA, Hamoseqp'ia, Hemor- 
 rhoacopiei from 'aifia., ' aifnttot, 'blood,' and 
 (rno-nui), 'I view.' An examination of blood 
 drawn. 
 
 HjEMATOSEPSIS, Haemateclysis. 
 
 HjEMATOSirir, Haematin. 
 
 )iSMAT:0'^l?>,Ea;amato"sisl,Enhcemato'sia, 
 Hainaiopoie'siS) Hfemtftopoe'^ififProcrea'Ho san- 
 guinis; Decarhoniza'tioT^ AtTnospheriza'tioii of 
 the blood; Sanguifica'tion; {lom 'ai/i^, 'blood.' 
 The transformation of the venpus blood and 
 chyle into arterial blood by respiration. Called, 
 mlso, Aera'tion, Arteriaiixa'tion of tht blood. 
 Formation of blood in general. 
 
 H^MATOSPILIA, Purpura haemorrhagica. 
 
 HjEMAT0S3?0NGUS, Hffimatodes fungus. 
 
 H^^MATOSTAT'ICA, from '«./<«, ' blood,' 
 and(rT(tT(ic»;, ' statics.' Iscka'iniajlIcEviastat'icaf 
 Mamatostat'ics, Hamostat'ics, Bnee'ma, Hema- 
 tostatiguesj Hemastatiques, Hemostatigues. 
 Tke doctrine of the motion of the blooft in liv- 
 ing bodies. Also, remedies foi' stopping blood. 
 — Catastaltica, - ^ 
 
 HiEMATOS'TEON, from 'a/,w, 'blood,"iind 
 oiTTsov, ' a bone.' Effusion of blood into the 
 bdnes or joints. 
 
 H^MATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 H^MATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion/, j 
 
 H:zEMATOTEL ANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 H^MATO'TIS, Hcema'tus, from 'ai/ia, 
 'blood,' and 3KC, gen. ujtoc, 'the ear.' Effu- 
 sion of blood into the inner ear. . 
 
 HjEMATOTHO'RAX, Samatho'rax, Ha- 
 mop'tysis inter'na, PleilrorrhiB'a sanguin'eai 
 Pnertmorrha'gia inter'na, Uemorrhdtr'iic Pleu'- 
 risy,tiom'ai/ix, 'blood,' and flmfaj, <the chest.' 
 Extravasation of blood into the chest. 
 
 HiEMATOX'YLON, CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
 Aca'eia Zeylon'ioa, Logn/oiid. The part Of the 
 tree, used in medicine, is the wood, Hamatex'^ 
 yli Lignum, liigmuin Campecken'ae, L. Campt- 
 chia'num, L. GampescaWium, L. In'diaum, L. 
 Sappan, L. ^r-a>silia'nv/m rubrum, L, cteru'leumy 
 (F.) Bois de Campiche. Family, Leguminosae. 
 Sex. Syst. Deoandria Mohogynia. Logwood is 
 almost inodorous; of a sweetish, suhastringent, 
 taste ; and deep red colour. Its virtues are ex- 
 tracted both by watei- and alcohol. It is astrin- 
 gent and tonic, and is used in the protracted 
 stage of diarrhffia and dysentry. 
 - H^MATtTRESlS, Haimaturia. 
 
 HjEMATU'RIA, Hmnature'sis, from 'sufia, 
 'blood,' and ov^tm, 'I make urine.' Voiding of 
 blood by urines TSamorrha' gia hcematu'ria, H, 
 »x viris urina'riis,IIiBmure'sis,Hamu'ria,Mietio 
 cr?ien'ta, M. Sanguin'ea-, Mietus Cruen'tus seu 
 Sanguineus, H(£<morrhee*a vva'ruw urinaria- 
 rumtSanguis iri XXri'na, Bloody urine, (Y.)Pts- 
 sementde sang,He9naturie. Hemorrhage from 
 the mucous membrane of the urinary passages. 
 Like other-hemorrhages, it may be active oi pas- 
 sive. It may proceed from the kidneys, bladder, 
 
 or urethra. The essential symptoms are; 
 
 blood, evacuated by the iirefhra ; preceded by 
 pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys, and 
 accompanied by faintness. Whencesoever it 
 proceeds, hematuria always takes place by 
 
H^MATUS 
 
 408 
 
 HEMOPTYSIS 
 
 exhalation. Rupture of vessels is by no means 
 common in the mucous membranes. AcUve 
 hematuria requires general- or local blood let- 
 ting ; diluent and cooling drinks ; absolute rest, 
 and the horizontal posture. The chronic kind 
 is more troublesome. It requires acidulated br 
 aluminous drinks; chalybeates and tonics in 
 general. When haematuria is excessive, cold 
 injections may be thrown into the rectum or 
 into the vagina of women, and topical applica- 
 tions be made to the perinaeum. 
 
 HEMATURIA Cystica, Cystorrhagia — h. 
 Ejaculatoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h, Se-^ 
 minalis, Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Stillati- 
 tia, Urethrorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMATDS, Haematotis. 
 
 HjEMAXIS, Blood-letting. 
 
 H^MENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy. 
 
 HtEMERYTHRUM, Haematin. t 
 
 H^MIDROSIS, see Diapedesis. , 
 
 H^MISCHESIS, Hsematischesis. 
 
 HjEMI'TIS, from 'ai/icx, 'blood,', and itis, a 
 Eufiix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the blood. (F.) Himite. The alteration of the 
 blood, which occurs in inflammatory diseases. 
 — Piorry. 
 
 HiEMO- ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism, (acute.) 
 
 HiEMaCARDIORRHAG"IA, Apoplex'ia 
 cordis , Apoplexy 0/ the keartyiiom^at/ax, 'blood,' 
 K(toJi=t, ''the heart,' and '^iiywui, ' I breakforth.' 
 Effusion of blood into the substance of the heart. 
 
 HjEMOCERCH'NOS. This term has re- 
 ceived two acceptations, owing to the difl'erent 
 senses i^i which (itj^vos is employed; signify- 
 ing, sometimes, hissing; at others, dry. Con- 
 sequently, the hellenists have translated the 
 compound word, at times, by spitting of blood, 
 with hissing in the throat; at others, by evacu- 
 ation of dry matters. 
 
 HEMOCRYPHIA, Hsmatischesis. 
 
 H^MODES, Sanguine. 
 
 H^MO'DIA, Hcemodia^'musy ^eTno'dia, 
 Mebetu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'm^iaiiiu, 
 'I stupify.' Pain of the teeth, — and more es- 
 pecially Agacement, or the setting on edge of 
 those bodies by acid or acerb substances. It is 
 also c^W^AOdon'tia, Stupo'ris, OdontaV gia hce- 
 mo'dia. Dolor den'tium. a strido'rS) Cataplex'- 
 is, Odontamhlyog'mus, OdonthypertEstke'siS) 
 Tooth-edge, 
 
 H^MODIASMUS, Hamodia. 
 
 H^MOIDES, Sanguine. 
 
 HjEMOPATHI A, Hffimatonosus. 
 
 HjEMOPERICAR'DIUM, PeHcardi'tis ex- 
 svdato'ria, from 'ai,ii*, 'blood,' andperieardiura. 
 Effusion of blood into the pericardium. 
 
 HiEMOPERITONE'UM,from'a.,Ka,'blood,' 
 and TtEgiToiaiov, 'peritoneum.' EffusijOn of 
 blood into the peritoneum. 
 
 11M,M0VEX'1M, (G.) Bdmopexien, from 
 'ai/ia, 'blood,' and rijSit, 'coagulation.' An 
 order of diseases in which there is increased 
 coagulability of the bloods — Hyperino'sis san'- 
 guinis. — Fuchs. 
 
 H^MOPHEUM, Haemaphein. 
 
 HEMOPHILIA, Haematophilia. 
 
 HOMOPHOBIA, Hsmatophobia. 
 
 HjEMOPHTHAL'MIA, Hxmatophthal'- 
 mia, HxTnatop'sia^ from 'a'^ta, 'blood,' and 
 cif&a.lfitiiqj 'eye.' Hcemalo'pia, Hamalo'pis, 
 Hce'malops. Eff'usion of blood into the eye. 
 When the extravasation is external, it is called 
 S. exter'na, Hyposphag'ma and Hamalops ex- 
 
 ternus; when internal, JSaimophthal'mia inter- 
 na; Hydrophthal'mua cruen'tus, Hypoch'ysia 
 hamato'des, Haematom'ma, and Hx'malops in- 
 ter'nus. A blood-shot eye. 
 
 H^MOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Men- 
 struation, vicarious. 
 
 HyEMOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
 
 H^EMOPROCTIA, Hsemorrhois. 
 
 H^MOPTOE, Haemoptysis— h. Laryngea 
 et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia. 
 
 HEMOPTOSIS, Hsemoptysis. 
 
 HAEMOPTYSIS, froth 'aiiaa, 'blood,' and 
 mxjai, ' I spit.' Spitting of blood, Hiemorrha- 
 gia Hsemop'ty^is, Himap'tysis, Jlsmatoptys'ia, 
 Saematop'tysis, Emp'toe, Smop'toS, Empto'ica 
 pas'sio, Bavioptys'miis, Hceinopio'sis, Sputum 
 sang'ninis, San'guinisfluor pulmo'num, Emop- 
 to'icapas'sio, Hatnotis'mus, Hcemorrhce'a pul- 
 mona'lis, Cruen'ta exspui'tio, Hamorrha'gia 
 pulnw'nis, Pas'sio hcemopto'icai JRejec'tio sang'^t 
 uinis h pulmo'nihus, Expectordtio sanguinis, 
 Hcemorrha'gia Bron'chica, Pneumorrhi^ gia, 
 Pneumonorrka^'ia, Frveumonorrha' a, Bron- 
 chorrha'gia, Emp'tysis, Hcemop'tol, Sputum 
 cruen'tum, (F.) Himoptysie, Craekement de 
 sang. Expectoration de sang. Hemorrhage from 
 the miicous membrane of the lungs ;, character- 
 ized by the expectoration of more or less florid 
 and frothy blood. It is generally preceded by 
 cough ; dyspnoea ; sense of heat in the chest, 
 &c. It is important to discriminate between 
 hasmoptysis, produced by some accidental cause 
 acting irregularly or periodically on the hings ; 
 and that which is, as it were, constitutional, 
 and dependent on some organic affection of the 
 lungs, or some faulty conformation of the chest; 
 These two varieties differ as much, in theii 
 prognosis and method of treatffient, as in their 
 causes. Constitutional haemoptysis is a serious 
 disease, almost always announcing phthisis 
 pulmonalis. The accidental variety is chiefly 
 dangerous by frequent recurrence, or too great 
 loss of blood. ' ' 
 
 T\iegeneraleauses of haemoptysis are the same 
 as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, 
 besides, particular causes; siich as too greatex- 
 ercise of the lungs ; — loud speaking, playing on 
 wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, &c. 
 It usually occurs between puberty and the age 
 of 35. A sudden and terrific kind of hseraopty- 
 sis is sometimes met with ; consisting in a great 
 afflux of blood into the lungs. This has been 
 called PuVnionary Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pul- 
 Tnona'lis, A. pulmo'num, P^-ewmorrha'gia, I^ 
 farc*tus h(STnorrhag"icus pulirno'numi, (F.) Apo- 
 ■plexie puhnonaire, Hemojitysie foudtoyante, 
 Hemorrhagie inter stitielle du Powmon, Infil- 
 tration of blood into the air cells may occur 
 without any hsemoptysis. 
 
 Physical signs. Percussion may not always 
 aid us in haemoptysis, but generally a circum- 
 scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspi- 
 ratory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or 
 absent, locally; and is replaced by bronchial 
 respiration and bronchophony. A fine liquid 
 crepitus is detected around the affected part; 
 and in the larger tubes, near the spine, a liquid 
 bubbling rhonchus is usually heard. The value 
 of these signs is determined by the nature of 
 the expectoration. The treatment of hsemop- 
 tysis must be like that of internal hemorrhage 
 in general. 
 HAEMOPTYSIS Inteena, Haematothorax— h. 
 
HiEMOPTYSMUS 
 
 Laryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia— h. 
 Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonSlis. 
 
 H^MOPTYSMUS, Hemoptysis. 
 
 HiEMORMESiS, Hyperemia. 
 
 HJEMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia. 
 
 H^MORRHA'GIA, from <«i^a, 'blood,' and 
 Qtiyrvfii, ' I break forth.' San'gninis proflu'- 
 vitim, eopio'sum, SanguiJlux'uSjHsematoch'ysis, 
 Avmorrhida, HsemorrhiB'a, Hsem^torrhag''ia, Hse- 
 matis'mus,ilsematorrhii'a, Rsemator'rhysis, Ha- 
 morr'hy'sis, Froflu'vium seu Prorup'iio seu 
 ErUptio sanguinis, Profu'sioBang'uinisjHem'- 
 orrhaae, Haemorrhage, Bleeding, Loss of blood, 
 RuptuHng, bursting, or brenMng of a blood- 
 vessel,{^.) Hemorrhagie o\i lIemofhagie,Perte 
 do sang, Fluxdt Sang. Any discharge of blood 
 from, vessels destined to contain it ; with or 
 without rupture of their .coats. Hemorrhages 
 may be spontaneous or traumatic : the first be- 
 long to the domain of medicine, the latter to 
 that of surgery. They may, also, he, internal 
 OT extemaf.;- general: — as in scurvy — or local. 
 The hemorrhages by exhalation- — those which 
 chiefly interest the physician — ^havebeen classed, 
 by Pinel, as follows: — 1. hemorrhage of^ the 
 Mucous Membranes ; Epistaxis, Haemoptysis, 
 Haematemesis, Haemorrhoids,, Haematufia, Ute- 
 rine Hemorrhage. 2. Heritorrhage of the Tis- 
 sues; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Syjiovial.' 
 
 Hemorrhages have generally been distin- 
 guished into active and passive : in other words, 
 into those dependent upon augmentation of the 
 organic actions, and those dependent upon de- 
 bility. According to Broussais, no spontaneous 
 hemorrhage is passive ; all are active,' — that is, 
 produced by increased action and excess of ir- 
 ritation of the blood-vessels : they may occur 
 wi*A debility, but not /com debility , He calls 
 those only passive hemorrhages, which are ow- 
 ing to an external lesion of the vessels. He- 
 morrhages have been, by some, divided into con- 
 stitntional, Or those depending on original con- 
 formation : — accidental, or those produced by 
 some adventitious cause; supplementary or those 
 which succeed others ; symptomatic, critical,hc . 
 When hemorrhage takes place into any tis- 
 sue, or is interstitial, it receives the name, 
 with many, of apoplexy; 
 
 Active Hemorrhage,Hemorrhag"pa acti'va, jET. 
 arterio'sa, Cavma hsS7>U>rrhag''icum, Angeior- 
 rhagHa, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho- 
 ric. Good living ; the use of fermented liquor-^ 
 excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may 
 perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. 
 It is commonly preceded by heaviness and 
 pulsation in the part, — owing to the afflux of 
 blood and consequent hyperaBmia,-^and by 
 coldness of the extremities. The blood, eva- 
 cuated, is generally of a florid red. In such 
 active hemorrhages, the great indications ot 
 treatment will be, to diminish plethora where 
 it exists, and to lessen the heart's action . Bleed- 
 ing, purgatives, and coldjWillbethe chief agents. 
 
 Passive hemorrhage, Hesmorrhag"ia passi'- 
 va, H. Veno' sa^Profu'sio, -P. hcemorrhagica, oc- 
 curs in tbose of weak constitution ; or virho have 
 been debilitated by protracted disease, poor 
 diet, long watching, excessive evacuations, &c. 
 The direct causes may be : — previous active 
 hemorrhage ; scorbutus, or any thing capable 
 of inducing atony or asthenip hyperaemia of the 
 small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre- 
 87 
 
 409 HEMORRHOIDAL 
 
 ceded by excitement or by any signs of local 
 determination. They are usually accompanied 
 by paleness of the countenance ; feeble pulse j 
 fainting, &c. The indications of treatment 
 will be : — to restore the action of the small ves- 
 sels and' the general tone of the system j hence 
 the utility of styptics and cold externally ; and 
 of tonics and astringents, creasote, mineral 
 acids, &c., internally. Hemorrhage also oc- 
 curs from inechanical hypersemia, as when he- 
 moptysis is produced by tubercles in the lungs ; 
 hsematfemesis by disease of some of the solid 
 viscera of the abdomen, &c. 
 
 In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which 
 are thie consequences of wounds of arterial or 
 venous trunks, the blood is of a florid red co- 
 lour, and issues by. jets and, pulses, if it pro- 
 ceed from an artery ; whilst it is , of a deeper 
 red, issues slowlyt and by a continuous flow, if 
 from a vein:-' If the capillary vessels be alone 
 divided, the blood is merely effused at the sur- 
 face of the wound. Of the means used for ar- 
 resting these traumatic hemorrhages, some act 
 mechanically as absorbents, ligature, , and cdm- 
 pression ; others chymically, as fire, caustics, 
 creasote, astringents, &c. 
 
 H.EMORKHAGIA AcTivA Narium, Epfstaxis 
 
 h. Bronchica, Haemoptysis— h. Cerebri, Apo- 
 plexy — h: per Cutemj Sudor cruentus—h. per 
 Diaeresin, see Diaeresis^h. per Diapedesin, Dia- 
 pedesis: — h. Faucium, Stomatorrhagia'^h. 
 Gingivarum,Ulorrhagia — h. Hasmatemesis, Has- 
 matemesis — h. Haeraaturia, Hsmaturia — h. Hae- 
 moptysis, Haemoptysis — h. Hepatica, Hepathae- 
 morrhagia^h. Hepatis, Hepatorrhagiai — h; In- 
 testinorum, Haematochezia — h . Mucosa, see Hte- 
 morrhois — h. Nabothi, see Parturition — ^h. Na- 
 rinea, Epistaxis — h. Narium, Epistaxis— h. 
 Oris, Stomatorrhagia — ^h. Penis, Stimatosi's — h. 
 Pulmonis, Haemoptysis — h. ReinUm, Nephror- 
 rhagia — h. Universalis, Purpura haeinorrhdgica 
 — h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia — h. Ventriculi, Hae- 
 matemesis— h. .Vesicae; Cystorrhagia. 
 
 H.«MORRHINIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 H^MORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 H^MORRHCE'A, from 'ai/ta, ' blood,' and 
 yso), ' I flow.' Hcemorrhag'iai Loss of blood. 
 Some writers have proposed to restrict this 
 name to passive hemorrhages. 
 
 HJEMORRHCEA Petechialis, Purpura haemor- 
 rhagica — h. Pulmohalis, Haemoptysis — h. Ute- 
 rina, Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum haemorrhoi- 
 daliurn, HsemOrrhois^h. Ventriculi, Hasmateme- 
 sis — h. Viarum urinariarum, Hsematuria. 
 
 HjEMORRflOI'DAL, Hemorrhoi'dal, H(z- 
 morrhdidalHs, HgcmorrhoideUs. Relating to he- 
 morrhoids ; as KemoTfhoidal Jlux, hemoirhoidal 
 tumours, &c. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Arteries have been distin- 
 guished into superior, middle, and inferior. 1. 
 The first is the termination of the inferior me- 
 senteric artery, which assumes the name supe- 
 rior hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper 
 and posterior part of the rectum. 2. The mid- 
 dle hemorrhoidal is furnished by the hypogas- 
 tric or internal pudic. It ramifies on the infer 
 rior and anterior part of the rectum. 3. The 
 inferior hemorrhoidal arteries are branches of 
 the internal pudic, furnished to the inferior part 
 of the rectum and to the muscles of the anus. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Nerves. These emanate 
 from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and 
 cover the rectum with their numerous filaments. 
 
ILEMORRHOIDALES NODI 
 
 410 
 
 H^MOSPASTIC 
 
 Hemorehoidai. Veiks follow the same distri- 
 bation, and generally empty themselves into 
 the lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in 
 the formation of the hyppgastric vein. ., 
 
 Hemobrhoidal Vessels, Vasa seda'lia, are 
 those, vessels which are distributed to the rec- 
 tum — the seat of hemorrhoids. 
 
 HjEMORRHOIDALES nodi, H^rnorrhois. 
 
 H^MORRHOIDES, , see Hiemorrhois— h. 
 Cfficas, see H^morrhois— h. Fluentes, Haemor- 
 rhois — h. Furentes,,see Haemorrhois — h. Maris- 
 cosae, Haemorrhois — h. non Fluentes, Haemor- 
 rhois — ^^h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 H.^MOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rhoXs, AscUpias'- 
 mus,ftoia 'uina, 'blood,' and- gem, 'I flow.' 
 AiynorWois, Proc'tica Mari»'ca, Maris'ca, Proc- 
 tal'gia Hamorrhoida'lisy 'Morbus' Hcemorrhm~ 
 dalis. Piles, (F.) Kemorrhoides. The essential 
 symptoms of this affection are :— ^Livid and 
 painful tubercles or excrescences, (Hemor- 
 rhoid'al ' Tumours,) usually attended with a 
 discharge of mucus or blood, {Hemorrhoid' al 
 ^fiux, Proctorrfice' a, Hcsmoproc/tia, HtsmorrhtB'a 
 vasorumhcBTiiorrhoi'da'lifiTn, (F.) JSemaproetie^') 
 The most common causes of piles are a seden- 
 tary life,; accumulatioa of faeces in the rectum; 
 violent efforts at stooL; pregnancy, &c. The 
 precursory symptoms afe : — pains in the loins ; 
 stupor of the lowerlimbs; and uneasiness in the 
 abdomen and rectum, with more or less gastricj 
 cerebral, and indeed general disorder; — consti- 
 tuting the Diathesis Hamorrhoida'lisi Motus 
 seu Turba Hamorrhoida'lis, and MoH'men 
 Humorrhoida'le, of most of the writers of 
 Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol- 
 low one or more round, smooth, reni tent, pain 
 ful, pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the 
 margin of the anus, or within the anus j some 
 pouring out blood occasionally. After having 
 remained, for a time, tense, and painful, they 
 gradually shrink and disappear. The chief 
 symptoms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, 
 when much inflamed, are : constant pain, liable, 
 however, to exacerbations, and obliging the pa- 
 tient to preserve the horizontal posture, and to 
 become augmented by the least pressure, or by 
 the passage of the faeces. 
 
 Hemorrhoids have generally been distin- 
 guished into — Hcemorrhocdes Fluen'tes seu Ma- 
 risco'ste, Proc'tica Mfiris'ca criten'ta, Blef-d- 
 ing ox Ofien Piles ; and into H. non, fluen'tes, 
 Prtic'tica Maris'ca cvca, H<tmorrho7des cectB, 
 Haemorrhoida'les 7iodi seu furen'tes. Shut or 
 blind piles. They have, also, been divided into 
 interned or occult, and external, according to 
 their situation ; arid into accidental or constitu- 
 tional. 
 
 Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trou- 
 blesome, by their disposition to frequent recur- 
 rence ; and they are apt to induce fistula ; other- 
 wise, they are devoid of danger. When ana- 
 tomically examined, they are found not to con- 
 sist iu a varicose dilatation of the veins of the 
 rectum; but to be formed of a very close, 
 spongy, texture ; similar Xo that which sur- 
 rounds the oritice of the vagina ; and to be erec- 
 tile, like it. They are surrounded by a deli- 
 cate membrane, and have no internal cavity. 
 The treatment, in mild cases of, hemorrhoidal 
 tumours, is simple. Rest ; the horizontal pos- 
 ture ; the use of mild laxatives, as sulphur, 
 castor oil, and emollient glysters, will be sufli- 
 cient. If they be much inflamed, leeches may 
 
 be applied, ; and warm cataplasms or col 
 
 tions, acc'ording to circumstances, be presci 
 
 with abstihence, and cooling drinks, i 
 
 wards, an ointment, composed of poiydered 
 
 and opiurp, may afford relief. It is in ti 
 
 laxed kindj that such ointment, and the i 
 
 nal use of Ward's Paste, can alone be exp 
 
 to afford much benefit. If, after repeate 
 
 tacks, the tumours remain hard and pai 
 
 and threaten fistula, they may be removed 
 
 By Hemorrhoidal Phtx, Fluivus ka^morrki 
 
 lis, Proctorrha'gia', is meant the hemori 
 
 which takes place from the rectum, owii 
 
 hemorrhoids. It is a common affection. 
 
 quantity Vof blood discharged is various 
 
 times, it is very tjrifling; at others,.suffi 
 
 to induce great debility, and even death 
 
 is announced and accompanied by the i 
 
 symptoms, as precede and attend hemor 
 
 dal tumours. Lik? other hemorrhages it 
 
 I be active or passive! accidental 01 constituti 
 
 [The prognosis is rarely unfavourable. 
 
 I affection may, almost always, be relieved 
 
 I properly adapted means. These resemble 
 
 as are necessary in hemorrhages in gen 
 
 I Perfectquietude, — mental and corporeal, — 
 
 I diet, cooling drinks ; bleeding if the sympi 
 
 indicate it; astringents, (if the disease be 
 
 I tracted and passive,) such as the Tinetura 1 
 
 ' Chloridi) aspersions of cold water on the a 
 
 astringent injections ; plugging-and, com) 
 
 sion. Such will be the principal rem( 
 
 agents. When the hemorrhage has beconw 
 
 bitual or is vicarious, some caution ma; 
 
 required in checking it ; and, if inconveni 
 
 arise from a sudden suppression, its return 
 
 be solicited by the semicupium, sitting 
 
 warm ^ter ; aloetic purgatives, glysters, 
 
 tating suppositories, &c.; or leeches may h 
 
 plied to the anus. 
 
 To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, 
 strawberry-like elevation o? the mucous n 
 brane, Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the b 
 vascular tuTnour, For its removal he rec 
 mends the application of nitric acid, so i 
 produce sloughing of its surface. 
 
 Some authors have described a speciei 
 laucarrha'a Ana'lis ; or whitish discharge, I 
 the anus, which often attends ordinary haer 
 rhoids. This (they have called PrJictiea ma 
 ca muco'sa, Htsmor'rhoiS alba, Hatnorika 
 muco'sa, Leucor'rhols, &c. It requires no 
 cial mention. 
 
 H,EMORiiHois AB ExAKiA, Proctocele- 
 Procedens, Proctocele. 
 
 H^MORRHOISCHESIS, from 'ai^opi 
 ^ Hoimorrhois,' geoi, ' I flow,' and i^/ec, '] 
 strain.' Reten'tiofiuxushnmorrhoid/i'Us. i 
 pression or retentibh of the hemorrhoidal i 
 H.EMORRHOPHE'SIS, Absorp'to sang 
 nis, from ''i/jlh, ' blood,' and joqiuo?, ' I sip 
 Absorption of blood. 
 
 . H.*)MORRHOPHILIA, Hamatophilia. 
 
 H^MORRHOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia. 
 
 H^MORRHYSIS, Hamorrhagia. 
 
 HiEMOSCHEOC'ELE, HEematoecheocdl 
 
 H^MOSCOPIA, Hamatoscopia. 
 
 HiEMOSPAS'TIC, (F.) Hemospaait[m,i 
 
 'aifia, ' blood,' and a-nam, ' I draw.' A* sj 
 
 which diiaws or attracts blood to a part j ,l 
 
 cupping-glass. The operation is termed 1 
 
 mospa'sia, (^F.) Hemospasie^ It is generally 
 
 plied to a process by which the air is exhaui 
 
HAEMOSTASIA 
 
 411 
 
 HALLUCINATION 
 
 over a considerable surface, as over one or more 
 of the extremities, by an appropriate pneumatic 
 apparatus. 
 
 H^MOSTA'SIA, Hremos'tasis, Epid'esis, 
 San'guinis stagna'tio, (F.) Hemimtasie, from 
 'tufia, ' blood,*^ and onns,-'' stagnation.' Stag- 
 nation of blood. This name has also, been 
 given to any operation, the object of which is 
 to arrest the flow of blood. 
 
 HjEMOSTATICS, Hsematostatica. 
 
 H^MOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
 
 H^MOTEXIA, Hi'mateclysU. 
 
 HiEMOTEXIS, Hasmateclysis. 
 
 HiEMOTISMUS, Hitmoptysis. 
 
 H.«MOT'ROPHY,Hffimo«ropA'ia;from'a/jio, 
 ' blood,' and ryo m, ' nourishment.' Excess of 
 sanguineous nourishment. — Prout. 
 
 H/EMURIA, Hsematuria. 
 
 HjEMURESIS, Hn-maturia. 
 
 HiEMYDOR, Serum of the blood. 
 
 H:EREDITARItJS, Hereditary. 
 
 H^SITATIO, Balbuties. 
 
 H^VEA GUIANENSIS.see Caoutchouc. 
 
 iT^G^BB, Haggard. 
 
 HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA, Bifayera anthel- 
 min'tica. An Abyssinian tree of the family 
 RosacetB, Sacunl system, Icosandria Dlgynia, 
 which the natives plant roupd their habitations, 
 as an ornament. The infusion or decoction of 
 its flowers is employed by them as an anthel- 
 mintic especially in cases of tape-worm. It is 
 called, th're, Cusso or Kosso. 
 
 HAGGARD, (F.) Hagard. The French use 
 the term. Air hagard, (Eil hagard, ^Haggard 
 air,' ' Haggai d. eye,' for a physiognomy, in 
 which there is at once an expression of mad- 
 ness and terror. 
 
 HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum. 
 
 HAIL, Chalaza. 
 
 HAIR, Sax. haejv, Crines, Pilws, Thrix, (F.) 
 Foil. A conical, corneous substance ; issuing 
 to a greater or less distance from the skin, to 
 the tissue of which it adheres by a bulb, Bul- 
 hus pili, seated in the cellular membrane, — 
 where alone it is sensible. The hair receives 
 various names in different parts — as. Beard, 
 Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair of the he'id,{ CapiUi,)&tc, 
 
 Hair, Falling off of the. Alopecia — ^h. 
 Matted, Plicae— h. Plaited, Plica— h. Trichoma- 
 lose, Plica. 
 
 Hair-woem, Seta equina — h. Muscular, Dra- 
 cunculus. 
 
 HAL, Salt. 
 
 HALATION, Haldtiitm; diminutive of 'a> c, 
 ■salt.' A pungent remedy, with the ancients, 
 which contained salts. 
 
 HALCHEMI'A. The alchymjsts so called 
 the art of fusing salts: from 'ax c, ' salt,' and 
 ;^9i», ' I pour out.' — ^Libavius. 
 
 HALCYON, Alcyon. 
 
 HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM.Pilamarina. 
 
 HALE, Ephelides. 
 
 HALEINE, Breath — h. Courte, Dyspnoea. 
 
 HALEL^'ON, Halelce'um, from 'ui?, 'salt,' 
 and eAiiioi', *oiI.' Oleum Soli wdxtum, A mix- 
 ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of 
 the joints — Galen. 
 
 HALhTkRATION, Alteration. 
 
 HALF-CASTE, Half -Oast, see Caste. A 
 term applied in India, to the offspring of a 
 Hindoo and a European. Since, extended to the 
 offspring of mixed races. The subjoined list 
 
 from Tschudi's Travels in Peru, 1838—1842, 
 shows the parentage of the different varieties' 
 of half-casts, and also the proper designations 
 of the latter, as observed in South America. 
 
 Parents. Children , 
 
 Wt)ito Father ami Negro Mother, Mulatto. 
 vVliite Father and Indian Mo her, Mestizo, 
 [ndian Father and Negro Mother, Ghino, 
 White Father and Muatta Mother, Cuarteron. 
 
 f Ci eolii (only distin- 
 
 I finished from the 
 ert-^ wliite by a pale- 
 
 White Father and Mostiza Mother, , 
 
 brown Uti t'omplcx- 
 Uoi) 
 White Father and China Mother, Chino-blnnco. 
 Wiiite Father and Cuarterona Mo- ) Qui„i;^f;,_ 
 
 White Father and duiritera Mbther, White. 
 Negro Father and .Mu atta Mother, Zanibn-nogro. 
 Neg o Fiither and MesUza MotI.er, Mulatto oacuro. 
 Negro I'Uther and China Mfither, Zambo chino. 
 
 Negro Father and Zaniba Moiher. { f^^^tS) "'^'' 
 Negro Fa her and Cuarlerona or C Mulatto (rather 
 
 a iinl«ra Mother, - - tiiaik) 
 Indian Father and Mulatia Mother, Chino-osciiro. 
 
 I Me.' tizo-(.-tarn (fre- 
 Indiaii Paher and Mesiizs Mother, < quently very beau- 
 
 ' m\.) 
 Indian Father and China Mother, Chino-iliolo. 
 Indian {'..therand Zaniba Muthei, Zambn-claro. 
 Indian Father with (/'liina-bhola j Indiau(withrtilli>'r 
 
 Mother. ( ^llort frizzy hair.) 
 
 Ind an F.ither and Ouarterona or C ,Me.-tizo (rather 
 
 Quititera Mother, - • (bi'own.) 
 
 MulaltoFaiherandZamba Mother, j ^l^l'^j!;^/^ '°'™''" 
 
 IVIiil;itto Father and Me^tiza Mo- ( Chino (of rather 
 
 ther, - - - - - ' \ clear complexion.) 
 
 Mulatto Fniber and China Mother, Chinn(ratherdarFi.} 
 
 See Mulatto. 
 
 HALICA, Alica. 
 
 HALICACALUM, Physalis. 
 
 HALICES, Pandiculation. 
 
 'S.kl.l'^k''TR\i^,Halini'trum,Haloni'trum; 
 from 'uxc, 'salt,' and natrwm or natron. A 
 name given by the ancients to subcarbonate of 
 soda, containing a little subcarbonate of am- 
 monia, which is found, ready-formed, on the 
 plaster of damp walls, in places inhabited by 
 man or anirrials. Also Potassae nitras. 
 
 HALINITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALINUS, Saline. 
 
 HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sus, from, halitus, 
 'vapour.' (F.) Halitueux. The skin is said to 
 be haUtueuse, when covered with a gentle mois- 
 ture. The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities 
 of the body, so long as the blood is warm, is 
 called Hal'itns. The odorous vapour, exhaled 
 by the blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'- 
 itus S^ng'uinis, t 
 
 HALiTus.Brcath— h. Oris Foetidus,Breath, of- 
 fensive— h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See Ha- 
 lituous. 
 
 HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
 springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine. 
 
 HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
 Hypochondriasis- h. Vertigo, Vertigo. 
 
 HALLUCIN A'T I ON, Hallueina'tio, Hahtd- 
 na'tio, Falla'cia, lllu'sio sen'sus, Soeor'dia, 
 Alu'sia, lllu'sio, Allweinci'tio,Parora'sis, S&m- 
 nia'tio in statu vigilij Ido'lum, WaMng dream, 
 Phan'tasm, from alhtdnari, 'to err;' 'to be 
 deceived.' A morbid error in one or more of 
 the senses. Perception of objects, which do 
 not in fact exert any,impression on the externa] 
 senses. Hallucination, almost always, if not 
 always, depends on disorder of the brain, but is 
 not an index of insanity, unless the patient be- 
 lieves in the existence of the subject of the hal- 
 lucination. 
 
HALLUS 
 
 413 
 
 HARMONY 
 
 HALLUS, PoUex pedis. 
 
 HALLUX, PoUex pediB. 
 
 HALME, Muria. 
 
 HALMYRO'DES, Salsugino'susfoom 'a.Xnv 
 51c, i'a^M! 'sea-water,' '«i;, 'salt,') 'a salt li- 
 quor.' An epithet given to any affection, in 
 which the heat feels pungent under the finger 
 of the physician. — Hippociates. 
 
 HALMYRUS, Saline. 
 
 HALO, Areola. , 
 
 Halo Signa'tus. The impression made 
 by the ciliary processes on the anterior surface 
 of the vitreous humour. So called from its con- 
 sisting of a circle of indentations. — Sir C. Bell. 
 Called by Haller, Strice refines aubject'mliga- 
 inen'to cilia'ri. 
 
 HALODERjE'UM, from '«X;, 'salt,' and 
 Jigm'ov, 'a collar,' (Jtgi), 'neck.') Colla'ri-um 
 sali'num. A collar of salt applied to the neck, 
 as in cases of croup. 
 
 HALOGENE, Chlorine. 
 
 HALOIDUM OXYGENATUM, Potas?Ee 
 murias hyperoxygenatus. 
 
 HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular tis- 
 sue. 
 
 HALONITRUM, Halinatrum. 
 
 HALOS, Areola. 
 
 HAL0T;YLE, Cul'cita sali'na, from 'aXi, 
 ' salt,' and rnAi;, ' a bolster.' A bolster or pillow 
 of salt recommended in croup. 
 
 HALS, 'ixis, 'salt;' hence ffalogene, Ha- 
 loid, &c. 
 
 HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the 
 hands of the ancients to, assist them in leaping. 
 
 HALUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
 
 HALYCODES, Saline. 
 
 HALYSIS MEMBRANACEA, Bothrioce- 
 phalus latus — h. Solium, Taenia solium. 
 
 HAM, Poples. 
 
 HAMAM-E'LIS VIRGINIA-NAjlT. Virgin'- 
 iea, Wit eh hazel, Winter witch hazel. Snap- 
 ping Hazelnwtj Winter bloom. The bark 
 of this tree, which is a native of the United 
 States, is somewhat bitter and sensibly astrin- 
 gent ; but it has not been much used. A cata- 
 plasm of the inner rind of the bark is said to 
 have been found efficacious in painful inflamma- 
 tion of the 6yes. 
 
 HAMARTHRI'TIS, Holarthri'tis, Catholar- 
 Hiri'tis, Arthri'tis universa'Us, from 'ot^tet, ' at 
 once,' and clqSqitic, 'gout.' Gout in all the 
 joints. Universal gout. 
 
 H AM'MA, Nodus, ' a tie.' A knot, used for 
 retaining bandages on any part. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of 
 London, are a good chalybeate. 
 
 HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HAM'ULUS. Diminutive of hamus, 'a 
 hook.' A hook or ZTOok.:, Ancis'tron. Also, 
 any hook-like process ; as the hamulus or ha/mv,- 
 iar process of the pterygoid process. 
 
 HAMUS, see Hamulus. 
 
 HANCHE, Haunch. 
 
 HAND, Manus. 
 
 HANDS, DROPPED, Hcmd drop. A popu- 
 lar term for the paralysis of the hand, induced 
 by the action of lead. 
 
 HANGERS, Crustagenu equinae. 
 
 HANGNAIL, (F.) Emiie. A portion of epi- 
 dermis, detached so as to tear the integument 
 in the vicinity of the finger nails. 
 
 HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 MAPANTIS'MUS, Badly forined, from 
 or 'anas, 'all.' Oblitera'tio compUita. 
 matting or growing together of organic pai 
 
 HAPHE, 'aipn, ' feeling, touch.' Hence 
 
 HAPHON'OSI, Haphonu'si, from 'atp.,, 
 touch.' MorH tactus. Diseases of the s 
 of touch. . 
 
 HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex. 
 
 HAPLOPATHrA,from'o7i:ios, 'simple,' 
 na&o?, ' disease.' Morbus simplex,'^ A sin 
 or uncomplicated affection. 
 
 HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex see'tio, Ina 
 simplex, Opera'tio simplex, from 'btt/Io?, ' s 
 pie,' and Tpui/, ' incision.' A simple incisii 
 
 HAPSIS, Touch. 
 
 HAPTODYSPHOR'IA, Tactiis dolanf'l 
 from 'a$», 'touch,' and ifuo<}iog,oc, 'difficult ti 
 borne.' Painful to the touch. 
 
 HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot'ice, from '< 
 'touch.' Thedoctrine of thephenomenaof to 
 
 HARD, (G.) h.&xt,DUruS) Scleras, ( 
 I)ur. That which offers much resistance. 
 anatomy, the hard parts, are those which c 
 pose the -osseous basis of the body; in 01 
 words, the skeleton. See Pulse, hard. 
 
 HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 HARDHACK, Spirsea tomentosa. 
 
 HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus^ Lagos'toma, 
 gon'tomum, Lagen'tomum, La'bium Lepori'h 
 Olapho'nia LaHi Loba'ta, Lepori'nwm rostr 
 (F.) Bee de Laivre. A fissure or perpend 
 lar division of one or both lips. It hasbeei 
 called, in consequence of the upper lip of 
 hare being thus divided. Harcrlip is gener 
 cong'tnitkl; at other times it is accidental 
 produced by a wound, the edges of which h 
 not been brought into contact, and have he; 
 separately. It is simple, whfen there is but 
 division; double, when there are two; and c 
 plicated, whetf there is, at the same time, a 
 vision or cleft of the superior maxjllary I 
 and of the palate — Cleft palate, Wolf'sj 
 Rictus lupi'nus;- or a projection of the t( 
 into the separation of the lip. 
 
 In the Hare-lip operation, there are two 
 dications to be fulfilled. First, to pare, v 
 the knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, i 
 afterwards, to preserve them in contact; in 
 "der to cause adhesion. This last object is 
 complished by means of pins, passed thro 
 the edges of the division; in other words by 
 twisted suture. The projecting teeth m 
 of course be previously removed. If then 
 separation of the palate, it will become 
 and less after the union of the lip, or the op 
 tion of staphyloraphy may be performed u 
 it. 
 
 Hare's Ear, Bupleurum rotandifolium- 
 Eye, Lagophthalmia. 
 
 HARGNE, Hernia— A. Anevrysmale,-* 
 somphalus. 
 
 HARICO T, Phaseolus vulgaris— A. Gran 
 Perou, J'atropha curcas. 
 
 HARMALIA, Aliment. 
 
 HARMONY, Harmo'nia, Harmos, prima 
 from agio, 'I adjust.' Anatomists have ca 
 Suture by Harmony or simply Harim 
 False or superficial suture, Sutu'ra os's 
 spu'ria, Compa'ges os'siwrn per lin'eam si/m 
 cem, an immovable articulation, in which 
 depressions and eminences, presented by 
 bony surfaces, are but slightly marked ; so 
 
HARMUS 
 
 413 
 
 HEART 
 
 HAUSTUS, Po'tio, FoHun'eula. A Draught. 
 
 l^X^^^hSX^^^'^^^j^^ -^^' -""^^ -" ^« '^^^- ^ ^ 
 
 surfaces. An instance of harmony occurs in 
 the union of the superior maxillary bones with 
 each other. 
 HARMUSu Articulation, Harmony. 
 HAR'ROGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF . 
 The villages of High and Low Harrogate are 
 situate in the centre of the county of York, 
 near Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, 
 and fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valu- 
 able sulphureous and chalybeate springs. The 
 iulfhureous springs contain chloride of sodium, 
 chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bi- 
 carbonate of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic 
 acid, carburetted hydrogen, and azote. The 
 chalybeate springs contain protoxide of iron, 
 chloride of sodium, sulphate of soda, chloride 
 <rf calcium, chloride of magnesium, carbonic 
 acid, azote, and oxygen. For the former Har- 
 rogate is celebrated and frequented. 
 
 Harrogate Salts, Artificial, are much 
 employed, and not unfrequently by those who 
 drink the genuine water for the purpose of in- 
 creasing its aperient power. They may be 
 made as follows : — Sulph. Potass, cum Sulph. 
 3vj ; Potass, bitart. §j : Magnes. Sulph. in 
 pulv. gvj. M. The usual dose is a tea-spoonful 
 in a small tumblerful of tepid water early in the 
 morning. 
 
 Har'eogate Water, ARTipr"oiAL, may be 
 formed of corrvmon salt ^v, water Oiij, impreg- 
 nated with the gas from sulphuret of potass, and 
 sulphuric acid s.&^iv. The following form has 
 also been recently recommended. 51. Sulpkat. 
 Potass, cum sulph. (Ph. Ed.) gi : Potass, bi- 
 tart. S^ss : Magrees. sulphat. !^vj : Aguee des- 
 tillat. Oij. One half to be taken for a dose. 
 
 -HARTFELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Hartfell Spa is about five miles from Mofi^t, in 
 Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is 
 much used. 
 
 HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor 
 cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus laVanduls com- 
 positus — h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonise car- 
 bonatis. 
 
 HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopen- 
 drium. 
 
 > HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli 
 tortuosum. 
 
 HAST A, Penis— h. Nuptialis, Penis-^h. Vi- 
 rilis, Penis.' 
 HASTELLA, Splint. 
 
 HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place 
 has the reputation of being one of the mildest 
 ^nd most sheltered winter residences on the 
 south coast of England. Owing to its low 
 situation, and the height of the neighbouring 
 cliffs, jt is protected in a great degree frora^all 
 northerly winds ; and hence is found a favour- 
 able residence generally for invalids labouring 
 under diseases of the chest. 
 HASTITLA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosui. 
 HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura 
 Guaiaci ammoniata. 
 
 HAUNCH, Coxa, Coxen'dix, of the Latins; 
 tt>;r», or i^/iov, of the Greeks, Ancha, Isehion, 
 Hip, Cossa, (F.) Hanehe. The region of the 
 trunk which is formed by the lateral parts of 
 the pelvis and the hip joint, including the soft 
 parts. In women, on account of the greater 
 width of the pelvis, the haunches are more 
 marked and prominent than in men. 
 
 draught. 
 
 Haustus Niger, see Infusum sennie compo- 
 situm. 
 HAVT MAL, Epilepsy. , 
 
 HAVANNAH, CLIMATE OF. The cli- 
 mate of Cuba is often selected for the phthisi- 
 cal invalid during the winter months, and so 
 far as regards elevation and comparative equa- 
 bility of temperature, it is more favourable for 
 those of weak lungs than that of the United 
 States. Jhe mean annual temperature is high 
 (78°,) btit the difference between the mean 
 temperature of the warmest and coldest months 
 is twice as great as at Madeira. 
 
 HAWKNUT, Buniiim bulbocastanum. 
 HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilns oxyacan- 
 tha. 
 
 HAY, CAMEL'S, Juncus odoratus. 
 HAY ASTHMA, Fever, Hay. 
 HAYRIFF, Galium aparine. 
 HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata— h. 
 Crottles, Lichen pulnionariuS— h. Nut, snap- 
 ping, Hamamelis Virginiana— h. Nut tree, Co- 
 rylus avellana — h. Witch, Hamamelis Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 HEAD, Sax. hearo'Ojhea.n, heaved; the past 
 participle of heapan, ' toteave up.' Caput, C«- 
 phale, x!(faln, Gy'U, xujSb, (F.) Tite. The head 
 forms the upper extremity of the body, and tops 
 the skeleton. It consists of the cranium and 
 face. The first, which comprises all the supe- 
 rior and posterior part, has the encephalon in 
 its cavity: the latter forms only the anterior 
 part, and serves as the receptacle for the greater 
 part of the organs of the senses. 
 
 Head, Water in the. Hydrocephalus'. 
 Head Ache, Cephalsea, Cephalalgia — h. 
 Ache, intertnittent. Cephalalgia periodica — h. 
 Ache, sick, Cephalasa spasmodica. 
 , HEADY, same etymon. (T.) Capiteux. That 
 which inebriates readily. An epithet, applied 
 to wines, whJch possess this quality. 
 
 HEAL-ALL, CoUinsonia Canadensis, Pru- 
 nella vulgaris. > 
 HEALING, Curative — ^h. Art, Medicine. 
 HEALTH, Sanitas. 
 HEALTHY, Salutary. 
 HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness— h. 
 Perverse, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 HEART, Sax. heojit. Germ. H e r z , Cor, 
 Cear, Cer, Car'dia,xsaQ, xit^, xaQha, (F.) Coeur. 
 An azygous muscle, of an irregularly pyrami- 
 dal shape ; situate obliquely and a little to the 
 left side, in the chest; — resting on the dia- 
 phragm by one of its surfaces : — suspended by 
 its base from the great vessels; free and mov- 
 able in the rest of its extent, and surrounded by 
 the pericardium. The right side of the body of 
 the heart is thin and sharp, and is called Margo 
 acu'tus: the left side is thick and round, and 
 termed Margo obtu'sus. It is hollow within, 
 and contains four cavities ; two of which, with 
 thinner and less fleshy walls, receive the blood 
 from the lungs and the rest of the body, and 
 pour it into two others, with thick and very 
 fleshy parietes, which send it to the lungs and 
 to every part of the body. Of these cavities, 
 the former are called auricles, the latter ven- 
 tricles. The right auricle and right ventricle 
 form the Pulmonic or rig-it or anterior heart. 
 I (F.) Cmar du poumon, C, du sang noir, C. 
 
HEART 
 
 414 
 
 HEAT 
 
 droit, C. anterieur: and the left auricle and ven- 
 tricle the systsviic, corporeal, l^ft, or aortic 
 heart, (F.) Coiur du corps, C. gauche, C. aor- 
 tique ou C. rouge. In the "adult, these are 
 totally distinct from each other, beiiig separated 
 by a partition ; — the septum cordis. Into the 
 right auricle, the vense cavae, — superior and 
 inferior,^and the coronary vein, open. The 
 pulmonary artery arises from the right ventri- 
 cle ; the four pulmonary veins open into the 
 left auricle, and the aorta arises from the left 
 ventricle. 
 
 The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, 
 from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, 
 according to Bouillaud, from eight to nine 
 ounces. The dimensions, according to Lob- 
 stein and Bouillaud, are as follows: — Length, 
 from base to apex, five inches six lines ; 
 breadth, at the base, three inches ; thickness 
 of the walls of the left ventricle, seven lines ; 
 at a finger's breadth above the apex, four 
 lines; thickness of the walls of the'right ven- 
 tricle, two and a quarter lines; at the apex, 
 half a line ; thickness of right auricle one line ; 
 of the left auricle, half a line. The heart is 
 covered, externally, by a very thin, membra- 
 nous reflection from the pericardium. The mus- 
 cular structure of which it is constituted is 
 much thicker in the parietes of the ventricle 
 than in that of the auticles. Its cavities are 
 lined by a very delicate membrane, the endor 
 cardiwm. Which is continuous with the inner 
 membrane of the arteries, as regards the left 
 cavities, and with that of the veins, as regards 
 the right. Its arteries — the cororaary— arise 
 from the commencement of the aorta. Its 
 nerves proceed, chiefly, from the pneumogastric 
 and the cervical ganglions of the great sympa- 
 thetic. , The heart is the great agent in the 
 circulation. By its contraction, the blood is 
 sent over every part of the body. Its action 
 does not seem to be directly owing to nervous 
 influence, received from the brain Or spinal 
 marrow, or from both. The circulation may, 
 indeed, be kept up, for some time, if both brain 
 and spinal marrow be destroyed. 
 
 When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, 
 lengthened sound is heard^ which is synchro- 
 nous with the arterial pulse. This is instantly 
 succeeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of 
 the valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, 
 and this is followed by a period of repose. The 
 first sound appears to be mainly produced by 
 the contraction of the ventricles; the second by 
 the reflux of the blood against the semilunar 
 valves. These are what are called the Sounds 
 of the Heart. Dr. C. J. B. Williams thinks that 
 the word lulb-dup, conveys a notion of the two 
 sounds. The Beating or Impulse of the heart, 
 against the parietes of the chest is mainly 
 caused, perhaps, by the systole of the heart, 
 which tends to project it forwards. It is doubted, 
 however, by some, whether the impulsion be 
 produced by the dilatation or the contraction 
 of the ventricles. 
 
 The heart is subject to diflferent organic dis- 
 eases; the c\aeiQ{ vihichxce aneurism, contrar- 
 tion of the apertures, and ru^ure of its parietes. 
 
 Heart, Atrophy of the, Atroph'ia seu Ari- 
 du'ra Cordis, Phthisis Cordis, Cardiatroph'ia, 
 Acardiotroph'id. A condition of the organ in 
 which there is diminution in the thickness of 
 the parietes of the whole organ. 
 
 Heart, Dilatation op the, see Aneuris 
 h. Displacement of the. Ectopia Cordis- 
 Fatty, Steatosis cordis. 
 
 Heart, Hypertrophy of the, Hypertrop 
 Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cot 
 Sypercardiotropk'ia, Cor bovi'num., ' (F .) 
 pertrophie du Occur. Supernutrition of the i 
 cular parietes of the heart, which are thi( 
 than usual ; the cavities being generally d: 
 nished. The physical signs which indical 
 are the following. In cases of long stand 
 the praecordial region is generally promini 
 the pulsations of the heart are visible ov 
 greater extent than natural ; and a marked 
 bration is communicated to the hand when pk 
 on the cardiac region. The dull sound on ] 
 cussion is more extensive than natural ; anc 
 auscultation there is a permanent increase of 
 force and extent of the heart's action; thei 
 no increase, however, of frequency, and 
 rhythm is regular. The pulse is generi 
 strong, full, and hard. 
 
 Heart, Hypertrophy with Dilatation 
 THE, Active, an'eurism, Eccen'tric hy'2>eHrop 
 In this aSection, the pulsations can be a 
 and felt over a larger space, and the ape} 
 more to the left and lower down than natu 
 The impulse is less steady, but at titties m 
 violent than what accompanies simple hy] 
 trophy. Percussion gives more distinct i 
 dence of the enlargement, the sound be 
 more extensively dull. On auscultation, 
 impulse is often violent, but irregular : in 
 treme cases it produces the sensation of a la 
 mass of flesh rolling or revolving beneath 
 ear. The pulse is strong, full and vibratt 
 The shock of the heart's action is often tri 
 mitted to the whole person, and to the bee 
 which the patient is lying. . 
 
 Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy or t 
 Coirdiarctie, is when the parietes augmeni 
 the expense of the cavities. 
 
 Heart, Neuralgia of the, Atigina tecti 
 — h. Rupture of the, Cardiorrhexis — h. Sou 
 of the, see Heart. 
 
 Heart's Ease, Viola tricolor. 
 
 Hearts, Lymph, Lymphatic hearts — ^h. L] 
 phatic, Lymphatic hearts. 
 
 HEARTBURN, Ardorventriculi, Cardial, 
 
 HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album. 
 
 HEAT, past participle of Sax. haeran, 
 make warm.' Calor, Therma, flif^i). (F.) C 
 leur. The material cause, which produces 
 sensation — or the particular Sensation itsel 
 produced by a body of an elevated temperati 
 on our organs, especially on the organs 
 touch. Modern chymists have given the ns 
 Calo'ric to the principle, whatever may be 
 nature, which is the cause of heat. When 
 touch a body of a temperature superior to 
 own, a portion of caloric passes from the b 
 to the hand, and produces the sensation of h 
 If, on the contrary, we touch a body of a t 
 perature inferior to our own, we communii 
 a portion of our caloric to it, and experit 
 the sensation of cold. Our own sensations 
 but imperfect indexes of temperature. 1 
 men meeting at the middle of a mountaii 
 the one ascending, the other descending, — ' 
 experience different sensations. The one 
 cending, passes from a warmer to a colder 
 mosphere ; — the one descending from a co 
 to a warmer. The chief instrument for n 
 
HEAT 
 
 415 
 
 HEAT 
 
 saring heat, used in medicine, is the thermome- 
 ter. Of this there s^re three kinds; — that of 
 Fahrenheit, that of Rfeaumor, and that of Cel- 
 
 sius or the Centigrade. The following Tahlc 
 exhibits the eorrespondence of these different 
 thetiriometric scales. 
 
 Fall. 1 
 
 K^ u. 1 Ceiitie.il 
 
 Fah. 1 
 
 Iteau 
 
 CeutK II Fah. | 
 
 Riau. 0. titic. 1! 
 
 Fah. , 
 
 l<6a(i 
 
 C'eiui)!. 
 
 912(1 
 
 211 
 
 2104 
 
 208 
 207 
 206 
 205 
 204 
 
 80 00 
 79.55 
 7911 
 
 78.66 
 78.22 
 
 77.-;7 
 
 77.33 
 
 76.88 
 76.44 
 
 100.00 
 99.44 
 
 98.88 
 98.33 
 97,77 - 
 97.22 
 
 gu.iiu 
 
 C6.ll 
 
 95.55 
 
 — 3 
 
 148 
 
 147 
 
 146 f 
 
 145 
 
 144 
 
 143 
 
 142ff 
 
 141 
 
 140 
 
 51.55 
 51,11 
 
 53.66 
 50.V2 
 411.77 
 49.33 
 48.88 
 46.44 
 48.00' 
 
 64.44 
 63.88 ' 
 63.33 1 
 62.77 ' 
 62.22 
 61.66 
 61.11 
 
 60.55 ; 
 
 60.00 ' 
 
 85 
 
 84 
 
 83 
 
 82 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 79 
 
 78 
 
 77 
 
 23.55 
 3111 
 22.66 
 22.22 
 21,'77 
 91.33 
 20.-88 
 20.44 
 20.00 
 
 29.44 
 28.88 
 28.33 
 27.77 
 27,22 
 26.66 
 26.11 
 25 5.1 
 25,00 
 
 '22 
 21 
 20u 
 19 
 18 
 17 
 16 
 15 
 14 
 
 — 4.44 
 -4.88 
 
 — 5.33 
 
 — 5.77 
 
 — 6.22 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 — 7.11 
 
 — 7.55 
 
 — 800 
 
 — S.55 
 
 — 6.II 
 
 — 6.66 
 
 — 722 
 -7.77 
 
 — 8.33 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 — 9:44 
 -10 00 
 —10,55 
 —11.11 
 -11.66 
 -12.22 
 —12,77 
 —13,33 
 i-13 88 
 —14,44 
 —15,00 
 
 203 
 
 202 
 
 201 
 
 200 
 
 199 
 
 198 
 
 197 
 
 196c , 
 
 195 
 
 76.00 
 75.55 
 75.11 
 
 74.66 
 74.22 
 173.77 
 73.33 
 72.88 
 72,44 
 
 95.UO 
 94.44 
 
 93.f8 
 93.33 
 92.77 
 92.22 
 ' 91.66 
 91.11 
 !'0.55 
 
 139 
 138 
 137 
 136 
 1^5 
 134 
 
 13:'A 
 
 132 
 131 
 
 47.55 
 47.11 
 46,60 
 4(5,22 
 45.77 
 45.33 
 44.84 
 44.45 
 4^'.00 
 
 59.4i 
 58.e8 
 58.33 
 57.77 
 57.iB 
 56.66 
 56.11 
 5S.5S 
 55.00 
 
 ?r. 
 
 ■74 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 71 
 70 
 69 
 68 
 
 19.55 
 19.11 
 18.66 
 18.22 
 17.77 
 17.33 
 16.88 
 16.44 
 16.00 
 
 .24,44 
 23,88 
 23.33 
 23.77 
 22.33 
 31.66 
 21.11 
 20.55 
 20,00 
 
 13 
 13 
 11 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 7« 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 — 8.44 
 
 — 8.88 
 
 — 9.33 
 
 — n.77 
 
 -10.22 
 —10.66 
 -11.11 
 -IL.'iS 
 -12.00, 
 
 194 
 
 72.00 
 
 90.00 
 
 130 
 
 43.55 
 
 54.44 
 
 67 
 
 15.55 
 
 19.44 
 
 4 
 
 —12,44 
 
 — 15 55 
 
 193 
 
 71v55 
 
 89.44, 
 
 129 
 
 43,11 
 
 53.88 
 
 66 
 
 15.11 
 
 .1888 
 
 3 
 
 —12.88 
 
 -16.11 
 
 11 2 
 
 71 11 
 
 SfSS 
 
 128 
 
 42,66 
 
 53.33 
 
 65 
 
 14.66 
 
 18 33 
 
 2 
 
 -13.33 , 
 
 — Iti.OO 
 
 19> 
 
 70 66 
 
 88,33 
 
 127 
 
 42,33 
 
 52.77 
 
 64 
 
 14,23 
 
 17.77 
 
 1 
 
 —13.77 
 
 —17,22 
 
 190 
 139 
 
 70.22 
 
 87 77 
 
 126 
 
 41,77 
 
 52,22 
 
 63 
 
 13.77 
 
 17 22 
 
 
 
 —14,23 
 
 —17.77 
 
 (■917 
 
 8728' 
 
 125 
 
 41,33 
 
 51,66 
 
 62 
 
 13 33 
 
 16.66 
 
 — 1 
 
 — 14 66 
 
 —18.33 
 
 1^ 
 
 69 '3 
 
 66 66 
 
 124 
 
 40,88 
 
 51.11 
 
 61 
 
 13,88 
 
 16.11 
 
 — 3io 
 
 —15 11 
 
 , — 18;88. 
 
 187 
 
 epfs 
 
 6611 
 
 133 
 
 40.44 ^ 
 
 50.W 
 
 60 
 
 12,44 
 
 i5,.55 ■ 
 
 — 3 
 
 —15.55 
 
 — 19.44 
 
 186 
 
 68.44 
 
 a'i.ss 
 
 123 
 
 40.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 59 
 
 12,00 
 
 15.00 
 
 - - 4 
 
 —16.00 
 
 —20.00 
 
 185 
 
 6^.00 
 
 85.00 
 
 131 
 
 39.55 
 
 49.44 
 
 58 
 
 11.55 
 
 14.44 
 
 — 5 
 
 —16.44 
 
 —20.55 
 
 184 
 
 67.'>5 
 
 8^.44 
 
 130 
 
 39.11 
 
 48.88 
 
 57 
 
 11.11. 
 
 13.88 
 
 — 6 
 
 —16,88 
 
 —21.11 ' 
 
 183 
 
 67.11 
 
 83.88 
 
 119 
 
 38.66 
 
 4q.33 
 
 56 
 
 10.66 
 
 13.33 
 
 — 7i 
 
 —17.33 
 
 —21,66 
 
 182 
 
 66.66 
 
 83.33 
 
 118 
 
 38.23- 
 
 47.77 
 
 55 
 
 10 22 
 
 12.77 
 
 — 8 
 
 -17.77 
 
 —2222 
 
 181 
 
 66.32 
 
 fca.77 
 
 117 
 
 37,77 
 
 47.22 
 
 54 
 
 9,77 
 
 12.23 
 
 — 9 
 
 -18.22 
 
 - 22,77 
 
 180 
 
 65.77 
 
 P3.32 
 
 116 
 
 37,33 
 
 46.66 
 
 53 . 
 
 9,33 
 
 11.66 
 
 — 10 
 
 —18.66 
 
 —23,33 
 
 179 
 
 65.33 
 
 81.66 
 
 115 
 
 3i;,88 
 
 46.11 
 
 52 
 
 8.88- 
 
 ii.ii 
 
 -Uy 
 
 -19.11 
 
 —23,88 
 
 i-a* 
 
 64.f8 
 
 81.11 
 
 114 
 
 36.44 
 
 45.55 
 
 51 
 
 8,44 
 
 10..W 
 
 —12 
 
 -F.55 
 
 -24,44 
 
 177 
 
 64.44 
 
 80.55 
 
 113 
 
 36,00 
 
 4.5.00 
 
 50} 
 
 8,00 
 
 lO.ou 
 
 — 13 
 
 -20.00 
 
 —25,00, 
 
 176 
 
 64.00 
 
 ?».00 
 
 112 
 
 3.'>,5S 
 
 44.44 . 
 
 49 
 
 7 AS, . 
 
 9.44 
 
 -14 
 
 -20.44 
 
 —25,55 
 
 175 
 
 6.1.55 
 
 79.44 
 
 Ul 
 
 35,11 
 
 43.88 
 
 48 
 
 7.11 
 
 8.88 
 
 —15 
 
 — 3"D.88 
 
 —26,11 
 
 174« 
 
 '(i.3.U 
 
 78.88 
 
 llOi 
 
 34,66 
 
 43.33 
 
 • 47 
 
 6.66 
 
 8.33 
 
 —16 
 
 -^21.33 
 
 —26,66 
 
 173 
 
 62.66 
 
 78.33 
 
 JOJ 
 
 34,22 
 
 42.77 
 
 46 
 
 6.2J 
 
 7,77 
 
 —17 
 
 —21.77 
 
 —27,22 
 
 173 
 
 62.23 
 
 77;77 
 
 108 
 
 _ 33.77 
 
 42.22 
 
 45 
 
 5 77' 
 
 7.22 
 
 -18 
 
 —22 22 
 
 -27.77 
 
 171 
 
 61.77 
 
 77.22 
 
 107^ 
 
 33,33 
 
 4J.60 
 
 ' 44 
 
 5,33 
 
 6 66 
 
 -,J9 
 
 -22 06 
 
 —28.33 
 
 170 
 
 61.33 
 
 76.66 
 
 106/ 
 
 32,^8 
 
 41,11 
 
 43 
 
 4,88 
 
 611 
 
 -20 
 
 -2.1. ; 
 
 ^26:88 
 
 169 
 
 60.88 
 
 76.11 
 
 105 
 
 32,44 
 
 40,55 
 
 43 
 
 4,44 
 
 S,S5 
 
 —21 
 
 —23.55 
 
 -39,44 
 
 168- 
 
 60.44 
 
 75i56 
 
 lOilt 
 
 32.(10 
 
 40,00 
 
 41 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 -f22 
 
 -24.00 
 
 —30 00 
 
 .167/ 
 
 60.00 
 
 75.U0 
 
 103 
 
 31,55 
 
 39.44 
 
 40 , 
 
 3.55 
 
 4-44 
 
 —23 
 
 —24.44 
 
 -30.55 
 
 If 6. 
 
 59.55 
 
 74.44 
 
 102J 
 
 31,11 
 
 38.Ha 
 
 39 
 
 3.11 
 
 3,88 
 
 —24 
 
 —24.88 
 
 -31.11 
 
 165 
 
 .59.11 
 
 73:88 
 
 101 
 
 30.66, 
 
 3K.93 
 
 38 
 
 2.66 
 
 3,33 
 
 -35 
 
 — 25.:i3 
 
 —31.69 
 
 164 
 
 5H.66 
 
 7:'.33 
 
 lOOnt 
 
 30.22 
 
 37.77 
 
 37 
 
 2.22 
 
 277 
 
 —26 
 
 -25.77 
 
 ^32.22 
 
 163 
 
 5BXi 
 
 7'.'.77 
 
 99' 
 
 29.77 
 
 37,22 
 
 36 
 
 . . I-" 
 
 2,22 
 
 —27 
 
 -46 22 
 
 —32.77 
 
 163 
 
 57.77' 
 
 7^,22 
 
 Wn 
 
 29.33 
 
 36,66 
 
 35 
 
 1.33 
 
 1.66 
 
 -2« 
 
 —26,66 
 
 -33.33 
 
 161 
 
 57.33 
 
 71.66 
 
 97 
 
 28.88 
 
 36,11 
 
 34 
 
 O.W 
 
 1,11 
 
 —29 
 
 -27,11 
 
 —33.88 
 
 160' 
 
 5P.f'» 
 
 71.11 
 
 96 
 
 28,44 
 
 35.55 
 
 33 
 
 ' 0.44 
 
 0,.55 
 
 —30 
 
 —27 55 
 
 —34,44 
 
 IS9 
 
 56.44 
 
 70.55 
 
 95 
 
 38,00 
 
 3.5.00 
 
 32r 
 
 0.00 
 
 0.00 
 
 -.31 
 
 -28 «4, 
 
 -3,5.00 
 
 158 
 
 56.00 
 
 70.00 
 
 94 
 
 27,55 
 
 34.44 
 
 31 
 
 —0.44 
 
 -0,55 
 
 -32 
 
 —28.00 
 
 -35.55 
 
 157 
 
 5.1.55 
 
 6P.44' 
 
 93 
 
 27,11 
 
 33.88 
 
 30s 
 
 — O-HS 
 
 -1,61 
 
 -33 
 
 ,-38,88 
 
 —36,18 
 
 156 
 
 55.11 
 
 6e.«s 
 
 93 
 
 26.66 
 
 ,33.33 
 
 29 
 
 —1,33 
 
 —1.66 
 
 -34 
 
 —29 33 
 
 -36 66 
 
 155 
 
 54.66 
 
 68.33 
 
 SI 
 
 :2f:.22 
 
 32.77 
 
 2ft 
 
 —1,77 
 
 —2.22 
 
 —.35 
 
 —29.77 
 
 —37.22 _ 
 
 15« 
 
 54.22 
 
 67.77 
 
 90 
 
 25.77 
 
 32,22 
 
 27 
 
 —2.22 
 
 -3.77 ■ 
 
 —38 
 
 —30,23 
 
 —37 77 
 
 153 
 
 53.77 
 
 67.22 
 
 89 
 
 25,33 
 
 31,66 
 
 26 
 
 —2.66 
 
 —3.33 
 
 -37 
 
 -30 66 
 
 —38,23 
 
 153 
 
 53.33 
 
 66.66 
 
 88 
 
 24,88 
 
 31,11 
 
 25 
 
 —3,11 
 
 — 3.f8 
 
 -38 
 
 -31.11 
 
 —38,88 
 
 151 
 
 52.88 
 
 66.11 
 
 87. 
 
 24.44 
 
 30.65 , 
 
 24 
 
 —■',55 
 
 -444 
 
 — 39l 
 
 —3155 
 
 -39 44 
 
 150 
 
 52.44 
 
 65.55 
 
 86; 
 
 24:00 
 
 30.00 
 
 23 
 
 -4,00 
 
 -500 
 
 —40 
 
 -32.D0 
 
 -40,00 
 
 149 
 
 52.00 
 
 65.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a Water boils {Barom. SOiTic/ies.) 
 i Heat df a stove, borne by Dr. So- 
 
 lander. 
 e Heat nf a f^tove* borne for 10 mi- 
 
 nute« by ^ir Joseph Banks and Dr. 
 
 SoIflnrleF. ' 
 
 d W«ter eimnjera. ■ • ^ 
 
 e Alcnbol boils. ^ r. 
 
 /Very pure eihf>r distils. 
 
 fPees' nax ntf'Its. , 
 Bperniaceti melts. 
 
 i Temperature at which liquids are 
 often drnnk. 
 j Heal observed in Scarlatina. 
 
 k Temperature of the common hen. 
 
 ^Temperature of arterial blood.].?] 
 , '7a Teni permute of venuus' blood'. 
 Phnsphorus melts. 
 
 n Ethei boils. Nitric ether boils. 
 
 p Muriatic ether boils. 
 
 g Medium temperature ofthe globe. 
 
 r Ice aielte. , 
 
 « Milk freezes. 
 
 e Vinesar freezes 
 
 UiStrong wine fteezeK 
 
 V A mixiure of one part of alcohol 
 andlhrpf. of water fr- ezes, , 
 
 w Cold at the hattle of Eylau, 1F07. 
 
 X A mixture of ^qual parts of alco- 
 hol and water freezrs. , , 
 
 y A mixture of iwo parts.of alco 
 hoi and one of wnter ficezes. 
 
 z Melting point of quicksilver; 
 
 The human body can bear a high degree of 
 heat diffused in the atmosphere. There are 
 cases onrecordj where air of 400° and upwards, 
 of Fahrenheit's scale, has Veen breathed with 
 ijnpunity for a short time. It can likewise 
 Tfrithstand very severe coH* In the expedition 
 of Capt. Back to the Artftic regions, the ther- 
 
 mometer was as low as — 70® of Fahr, Exces- 
 sive heat disposes the body to gastric and in- 
 testinal diseases, and particulariy to inflanima- 
 tion and enlargement of the liver; hence, the 
 frequency ' of such affections within the torrid 
 zone. Heat is often used therapeutically: the 
 1 actual cautery, at a white heat, disorganizes the 
 
HEAT 
 
 416 
 
 HEDYPHONIA 
 
 parts to whichj it is applied : a lesser degree oc- 
 casions violent inflammation. Heat higher than 
 that of the human body is excitant; of a lower 
 degree, sedative. Excessive cold acts as a pow- 
 erful sedative — inducing sleep, the tendency to 
 which,-after long exposure, becomes irresistible, 
 See Cold. Many of the topical applications — 
 as cataplasms-— act wholly by virtue of their 
 warmth and moisture. 
 
 Heat, Imtek'nal, (F.) Ckaleur interne, is a 
 sensation of heat felt by the patient; but not 
 Sensible to the touch, ^scter^ial heat, (F .) Cka- 
 leur exterieure, that which can be felt by others. 
 Heat, Ardor, is called moss*, (F . ) Raliteuse, when 
 accompanied with moisture, like that felt after 
 bathing; dry, (F.) shehe, when the sHin has 
 not its ordinary softness. It is called acrid 
 and pitngent,, (F.) acre et mordicante, when it 
 conveys a disagreeable tingling to the fingers. 
 The French employ the terms nervous heatjund 
 errat'ic heat, Chaleur nerveiose and Ckaleur er- 
 ratique for that which comes by flushes, alter- 
 nating with chills, and which moves rapidly 
 from one part to another. M. Double has used 
 the term septic heat, (F.) CJialeur seppigue, for 
 that which produces a piguante sensation on 
 the hajid, similar to that of- the acrid heat, but 
 niilder and more uniform, and which is ac- 
 companied with feebleness and frequency of 
 pulse, &c. 
 
 Heat, Ackid, see Acrid— h. Prickly, Lichen 
 tropicus. . 
 
 HEAT, Ardor vene're?is, (F.) Chaleur des 
 anirnaux, Rut, is the periodical sexual desire 
 experienced by anirnals. It is supposed by 
 many to be owing to the periodical maturation 
 and discharge of ova, — Ovula'tion. 
 
 HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris. 
 
 HEAVINESS, Somnolency. 
 
 HEAVY, Gravis, (F.) Gravatif, from Sax. 
 heajan, ' to heave.' An epithet given to any 
 pain, which consists in a sensation of weight or 
 heaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation. 
 
 HEBDOMADARIA,' Octana. 
 
 HEBE,,'i;(Si;. This word has been employed 
 to designate, 1. The first hair that grows on the 
 pubfis, 2. The pubic region, and 3. Puberty. 
 
 HEBETES, Adolescens. 
 
 HEBETOR, Adolescens. 
 
 HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility— h. Den- 
 tium, HaBtnodia — h. Visus, Amblyopia, Caligo. 
 
 HEBREWS,, MEDICINE OF THE. Medi- 
 cine seems to have been at a very low pbb with 
 the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew 
 nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and 
 filled with superstitions ; and their iherapeutios 
 unsatisfactory. Hygiene appears to have been 
 most attended to. Of the other departments of 
 medicine we cannot judge of their- knowledge. 
 
 HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia. 
 
 HEC'TEUS, 'sKTsut. A Greek measure, con- 
 taining about 72 chopines or pints. 
 
 HECTIC FEVER, Pehris hec'tica, Hecticop'- 
 yra, Hecticopyr' etos, Hec'tica, AmphiTnerina 
 hec'ticaj Febris phthis'ica, Syntecop'yra, Syntec- 
 ticopyra, Febris marasmodes, Marasmop'yra, 
 Febris tab'ida, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hec'tica, 
 Febris lenta, F. amphime?ina hec'tica, Febris 
 amato'ria, CMoro'sis amato'na, (F.) Fiivre 
 Hectic[ue,F. £tique, from 'sSit, 'habit of body;' 
 because in this disease every part of the body 
 18 emaciated; or perhaps, from skthxio,. 'I con- 
 sume,' ' I am exhausted.' The name of a slow. 
 
 continued, or remittent fever, which genera 
 accompanies the end of organie affections, i 
 has been esteemed idiopathic, although it is p 
 bably al^jvays symptomatic. It is the fevei 
 irritation and debility; and is characterized 
 progressive emaciation; frequent pulse; 1 
 skin, — especially of the palms of the hands s 
 solfes of the feet; and, towards the end, co! 
 quative sweats and diarrhoea. Being symp 
 matic, it can only be removed by getting rid 
 the origiiial affection. This is, generally di 
 cult and almost hopeless in the disease, whi 
 it most commonly accompanies, — consumptic 
 
 HECTICA, Hectic Fever— h. Infantihs, I 
 ver, infantile remittent. 
 
 HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 HECTIC OPYRETOS, Hectic fever. 
 
 HEC'TISIS, <F.) itisie. , Same etymc 
 The state of those who have hectic fever. 
 
 HEC'TOGRAMME,ffic«og-ram'ma,from'ei 
 101, 'a hundred,' and y^a/xiui,. A measure 
 100 grammes, i. e. 3 ounces, 1 drichm, and, 
 grains, Troy; 
 
 HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 1 
 litres or 26.42 wine pints. 
 
 HECUSIUS, Voluntary. 
 
 HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ind pule'gioi'des, Cuni 
 pulegioVdes, Melis' sa.pulegioide^^ Fennyroy, 
 Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Squawmint. Se 
 Syst. Diandria Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Labi 
 tffi. An indigenous plant, common in all pai 
 of the United States, and which, where it 
 abundant, perfumes the air for a consideral 
 distance. It is employed in the same cases 
 the mints and the English pennyroyal. In pop 
 lar practice it is used as an emmenagogue. 
 
 The O'leum Hedeo'msB (Ph. U. S.) or Oil 
 Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carmin 
 tive, dropped on sugar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops. 
 
 HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix. 
 
 Hed'ee-a Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Bae'chic 
 Cissos, jLtaaoi, Cittos, xmag, Ed'era, Corymhi 
 tra, Corym'bos, Ivy, (F.) Lierre, The tas 
 of ivy leav'es is bitter, styptic, and nanseou 
 They are not used in medicine. According 
 Haller, they were recommended in Germai 
 against the atrophy of children ; and the coi 
 mon people of England sometimes apply the 
 to running sores and to keep issues open. Tl 
 berries were supposed, by the ancients, to ha' 
 an emetic and purgative quality ; and a watei 
 extract was made from them, called by Que 
 cetanus Extractum pufgans. From the sta. 
 of the tree a resinous juice exude^ in warm c 
 mates, called Gummi Hed'erse, (F.) fjomme i 
 lierre, Resine de lierre. It. is possessed 
 tonic and astringent properties, but is not use 
 
 Hedeba Terresteis, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 HEDERULA, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 HEDISARUM ALKAGI, Agul. . 
 
 HEDRA, 'eija, 's^ei;, 'a vestige.' A fra 
 ture of the bones of the cranium, in which tl 
 traee of the fracturing instrument is still pe 
 ceptible. It was, also, used, by the ancient 
 for the anus, for excrement, and for the botto 
 of an abscess. 
 
 HEDROCELE, Proctocele. 
 
 HEDYCH'ROUM, from '«<fuc, 'sweet,' ai 
 XQt"^! ' colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colon 
 Applied to certain trochs, the chief constitue 
 of which was Theriac. 
 
 HEDYPHO'NIA, from Vuf, 'sweet,' ai 
 ^wv^, ' voice.' Sweetness of voice. 
 
HEDYPNEUSTUS 
 
 417 
 
 HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW 
 
 HEDYPNEUS'TUS,H'e<iy/reoas,from<)iJvc, 
 ' sweet,' and nvca, ' I breathe.' Breathing sweet- 
 ly or softly. Smelling sweetly. 
 
 HEDYSMA, Condiment. 
 
 HEEL, see Calcaneum. 
 
 HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis. 
 
 HELCODES, Ulcerous. 
 
 HELCOL'OGY, Helcolog"ia; from 'eiieos, 
 ' ulcer,' and Ki,y(i!, ' discourse.' The doctrine 
 of, or a treatise on, ulcers. 
 
 HELCOMA, Ulcer. 
 
 HELCOPHTHAL'MIA,Oyfe/jaZ'OTs'o«Zisera'. 
 sa. Ophthalmia with ulceration. 
 
 HEL'COS, from '»Axof, 'an ulcer.' Hence: 
 
 HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration— h. Cerebri, 
 Encephalopyosis — h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryn- 
 geal— h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis — h. 
 Renalis, Nephi;elco3is — ^h. Uteri, see Metro- 
 phthisi? — h. Vesicas, Cystophthisis. 
 
 HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA; from 'limt, 'ul- 
 cer,' and a-rafuHm/ua, ' staphyloma.' Staphylo- 
 ma ending in ulceration. 
 
 HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'axxos, ' ulcer,' and 
 lijeaio-ic, • dryness.' The drying of an ulcer. 
 
 HELCTICA, Epispastics. 
 
 HELCUS, Ulcer. 
 
 HELCYD'RION, Helcyd'riwm, 'tUvSqtov, TJl- 
 mit'culum, a small ulcer, a superficial ulcera- 
 tion of the cornea — Galen, Paulus, Foesius. 
 
 HELCYS'TER, from 'jxita, ' I draw.' An 
 iron hook or crotchet for extracting the ftetus. 
 See Crotchet. 
 
 HELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 Helen'ium Adtdmna'le, Fals& Sunflower, 
 Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Swamp Suvjiower, 
 Yellow star. Ox-eye. An indigenous herb, 
 with large golden-yellow compound flowers, 
 which appear in August. All its parts are bit- 
 ter and somewhat acrid, and when snuffed up 
 the nostrils in powder are powerful sternuta- 
 tories. 
 
 HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE, Cia,. 
 tus Canaden'sis, Frostwort, Frostweed, Rock' 
 rose. An herbaceous plant having large yel- 
 low flowers, which grows in all parts of the 
 United States, and flowers, in the Middle States, 
 in June. It has an astringent, slightly aroma- 
 tic and bitterish taste. It has been prescribed 
 in scrofula, but probably is nothing more than 
 an aromatic tonic. 
 
 HELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
 
 HELICIA, Age. 
 
 HEL'ICINE, Helic"imis,HeUco'i'des, Helico'- 
 des, from SeZia, 'the tendril of the vine.' Re- 
 sembling the tendril of the vine. 
 
 Helioihe Arteries of the penis, as described 
 by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the 
 larger branches, as well as f^mthe finest twigs 
 of the artery of the organ : most of those come 
 off at a right angle, and project into the cavity 
 of the spongy substance, either terminating ab- 
 ruptly or swelling out into a club-like process 
 without again subdividing. Almpst all these 
 vessels are bent like a horn, so that the end de- 
 scribes half a circle or somewhat more. They 
 have a great resemblance to the tendrils of the 
 vine, whence their name. A minute examina- 
 tion of them, either with the lens or the mi- 
 croscope, shows that, although they at all times 
 project into the venous cavities of the corpora 
 cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, hut are 
 covered with a delicate membrane, which, un- 
 der the microscope, appears granular. 
 
 HEL'ICIS MAJOR. A muscle of the ear, 
 which originates from the anterior, acute part 
 of the helix, upon> which it ascends and is in- 
 serted into the helix. It pulls the part into which 
 it is inserted a little downwards and forwards. 
 
 Heliois Minor. This muscle originates 
 from the under and fore part of the helix, and 
 is inserted into the helix, near the fissure in the 
 cartilage, opposite the concha. Its use is to 
 contract the fissure. 
 
 HELICOIDES, Helicine. 
 
 HELICOTRE'MA, from 't\ii, 'helix, coch- 
 lea,' and jfUfia, «a foramen.' The hole by 
 which the two scalae of the cochlea communi- 
 cate at the apex. 
 
 HELIGMUS, Convolution. 
 
 HELIKIA, Age. 
 
 HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
 
 HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europaeum. 
 
 KELIOTROPION, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROP^'UM, Verru- 
 ca'ria. The He'liotrope, (F.) Toumesol, Herbe 
 aux vermes. This plant is considered to pos- 
 sess aperient properties ; and to be capable of 
 destroying cutaneous excrescences; hence one 
 of its names. 
 
 HELIX, Capre'olus, from eixstr, ' to envelop,' 
 ' surround.' The fold is thus called, which 
 forms the outer circumference or ring of the 
 external ear. 
 
 Helix, Limax. 
 
 Helix Poma'tia. A large kind of snail, 
 transported from the' south of Europe to Eng- 
 land by Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady when in 
 a decline. It was considered highly<jestorative. 
 
 HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus. 
 
 H E L L E B OR E, Dracontium fffitidum — h. 
 American, Veratrum viride — h. Black, Helle- 
 borus niger — h, Blanc, Veratrum alhum — h. 
 Noir, Helleborus niger — h. Stinking, Hellebo- 
 rus ftetidus — ^h. Swamp, Veratrum viride — h. 
 White, Veratrum alhum. 
 
 HELLEBORIS'MUS, Ellelons'mus. The 
 method of treating disease, amongst the ancients, 
 by hellebore. This comprised not only the 
 choice, preparation, and administration of the 
 medicine, but, likewise, the knowledge and 
 employment of preliminary precautions and re- 
 medies proper for aiding .its action, and pre- 
 venting the pernicious effects which it might 
 occasion. 
 
 HELLEBORUS, H. niger— h. Albns', Vera- 
 trum album — h. Trifolius, Coptis. 
 
 Helleb'orus Fos'tidus, Hellehoras'ter, Elle- 
 bor aster. Stinking Hel'hboreox Bear's foot, Set- 
 terwort, ( F. ) Hellebore ou Ellebore fetidcj 
 Pied de Griffon. The leaves of this plant are 
 said to be anthelmintic. The smell of the fresh 
 plant is extremely fetid, and the taste bitter and 
 acrid. It usually acts as a cathartic. 
 
 Helleboros Niger, Melamjw'dinm, Mela- 
 norrki'zum, Ec'tomoti, Black Hel'lebore, Christ- 
 mas Rose, (F.) liellebore noir. The roQt of 
 this European plant — Helleb'orus, (Ph. U. S.) — 
 has a disagreeable odour, and bitter, acrid taste. 
 It is possessed of cathartic properties, and has 
 been recommended as an emmeiiagogue. It has 
 been given in mania, melancholia, dropsy, sup- 
 pressed menses, &c. Dose, gr. x. to 9 j, as a 
 cathartic. 
 
 HELLECEBRA, Sedum. 
 
 HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum 
 Anthora. 
 
HELMET POD 
 
 418 
 
 HEMINA 
 
 HELMRT POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
 
 HELMINS, Plur. Helmin'thes seu Elmin'- 
 thes, from 'e\/iiv{, 'a worm.' A worm ; an en- 
 tozoon : — Whence : 
 
 HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHI, Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHIA, Helminthiasis — h. Alvi, 
 Worms. 
 
 Helmik'thia Ereat'ica. Worms, introduced 
 ty accident and without finding a proper habi- 
 tation in the stomach or intestines ; producing 
 spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc- 
 casionally vomiting or dejections of blood; the 
 13th genus of the order Enterica, class Caliaea, 
 of Good. 
 
 Helminthia Podicis, Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHI'ASIS, from Ulnns^ 'a. worm.' 
 A generic name for the condition which gives 
 occasion to the prespnce of intestinal worms. 
 It is, also, called Hdmin'thia, Vermina'tio, 
 Morbus vermino'sus. Status vermino' sus^^Sa- 
 bur'ra vermino''sa, Scbleci'asis, Scolece' sis. En- 
 tozobgen'esis, Parasitis'mus intestina'liSj Worm 
 disease^ InverTtiina'tion. See Worms. 
 
 HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic. 
 
 HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Cor- 
 sicana. 
 
 HELMTNTHOCOLICA, Colica verminosa. 
 
 HELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsi- 
 cana. 
 
 HELMINTHOL'OGY, He/miw.tAoio^"ia, 
 from 'till 1 vc, ' a worm/ and Joyof , ' a description.' 
 A treatise on worms. 
 
 HELMINTHOP'YRA, Helminthopyr'etos, 
 Felris vermino'sa, from 'eifnv^, 'a worm,' and 
 Tnj, 'a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. 
 See Fever, verminous. 
 
 HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helmitithopyra. 
 
 HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina. 
 
 HELODES, Elodes. 
 
 HELONIAS officinalis, see Veratrina. 
 
 HELOPYR^, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 HELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris.) 
 
 HELOS, Clavus, Marsh. 
 
 HELO'SIS, Helo'tis: from ti\ai, 'I turn.' 
 Eversion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the 
 muscles of the eyes. Plica Polonica. Stra- 
 bismus. 
 
 HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica. 
 
 HELUS, Clavus, Helos. 
 
 HELXINE, Parietaria. 
 
 HEMAC^HROIN, HEerhatin. 
 
 HAMAPARITONIRRHAGIE, Hwmaperi- 
 tonirrhag"ia; from '»i^» ,' blood,' peritonmum, 
 and « ijj. ivu I, ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage into 
 the peritoneum. 
 
 HF.MAPROCTIE, Haemorrhois. 
 
 H/fMASTATlQUES, Haematostatica. 
 
 H/tMATlDROSE, Sudor cruentus. 
 
 HEMATIN, Hajmatin. 
 
 Hfi.MATO-ENCiPHALIE, Apoplexy. 
 
 HEMATOTD, HEematodes. 
 
 H/fMATOLOGTB, Hiematology. 
 
 HEMATOLOGY, Hematology. 
 
 HKM^TOMTELIE, Hemorrhagie de la Mo- 
 bile Apinipre. 
 
 HiMATONCIB, Hsmatoncus, see Hasma- 
 todes fungus — h. Fongoide, Hsematodes fungus. 
 
 H/f.MATOPTSTB, Hsmatops. 
 
 HEMATORRHACHIS, Apopjexia myel- 
 itica. 
 
 HEMATOSIN, Haematin. 
 
 HEMERA, 'li/ttji, 'aday.' Dies. Hence: 
 
 HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia. 
 
 Hemeralo'pia, from 'y/fie^eL, 'the day,' a 
 oTTTo^'i, 'I see.' Htrmerahps, Syso'pia tej 
 bra! rum, Cali'gd tenebra'rum, Parop'sis Noeti 
 uga, Visus diur'nus, Nyctal&'pia, {of som 
 X^ycftotyphlo'siSf Amblyo'pia ' crepuscula'r 
 Ca'citas orespuscula'ris seu noctur^nay A^a 
 diur'na. Day-sight, Day-visbon, Hen hlirtdnsi 
 Nigkt blindness, (F.) Yue diurnk, Aveug 
 ment de Nuit. A disease in which the ey 
 enjoy the faculty of seeing, whilst the sun 
 above the horizon ; but are incapable of seeii 
 by the aid of artificial light. Its causes are n 
 evident. The eye, when carefully examine 
 presents no alteration, either in its membran 
 or humours. 
 
 HEM'ERALOPS, Dorea. One labourii 
 under hemeralopia. Also, Hemeralopia. 
 
 HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia. 
 
 HEMERODROMA, (febris) Ephemera. 
 
 HEMEROPATHI'A; from Vse") 'a da) 
 and TraSo!,- ' an~ affection.' A disease, whii 
 continues only a day; or, which is only o 
 served during the day. 
 
 HEMI, 'wi, 'uftinuf, 'half,' 'serai.' Henc 
 
 HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch. 
 
 HEMIANOR, Eunuch. 
 
 HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania. 
 
 HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac. 
 
 HEMIAZYGA, (Vena) See Azygos vein. 
 
 HEMICEPHAL^A, Hemicrania. 
 
 HEMICEPHAL^DM, Sinciput. ' 
 
 HEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput. 
 
 HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput. 
 
 HEMICEPH'ALUS, SemicepKatus, fro 
 'r,n.i, 'half,' and t.t^laXrl, 'head.' One who h 
 half a head. 
 
 HEMICRATVIA, Hemicephala'a, Migra'n 
 Grana, Hemipa'gia, Hemipe'gia, Heterocra'ni 
 Monopa'gia, Monope'gia, Cephala^a Hemicn 
 nia, Hgmipathi'a, MegAm, from 'tiftinvt, ' hal 
 and itg*»/o»,' cranium.' X^.) Migraine. Pai 
 confined to one half the head. It is almost i 
 ways of an intermittent character; — at time 
 continuing only \a.s long as the sun is above tl 
 horizon ; and hence sometimes called Sun-pat 
 — and is cured by cinchona, arsenic, and t 
 remedies adapted for intermittents. 
 
 Hemiceania IniopATHioA, Neuralgia, fiicii 
 
 HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Pen/zi'/ca Ii 
 dica, Ascle'pias Pseudosar'sa, Indian Sarsap 
 rilla. A H industhanee plant, the root of whi 
 has a peculiar aromatic odour, and a bitteri 
 taste. It is usfed in India as a substitute ) 
 sarsaparilla. 
 
 HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS, Transpi.ra'tio U? 
 lat era; from'ijjii, ' half,' and /lia-n print, 'pers] 
 ration.' Perspiration of one half the body. 
 
 HEMIEC'TON, Hemiecteon, Seimsex'tw 
 A vessel capable of containing 36 chopines 
 pints, and in which fumigations were made 
 diseases of the uterus and vagina. — Hippocr. 
 
 HEMIM'ELES, from 'm-/"!/?, ' one-half,' a 
 tuUc, <a limb.' A genus of monsters in whi 
 the upper or loVver extremities are very defi 
 tive — mere stuinps, and" the fingers and tc 
 are entirely wanting or very imperfect.— 
 St. Hilaire. 
 
 HEMIMCE'RION, from 'mtrvi, and itou 
 'apart.' 'One half.'— Foesius. Also, hal) 
 drachm. — Erotian . 
 
 HEM'INA . ' A Greek measure, answering 
 
HEMIOBOLION 
 
 419 
 
 HEPATEMPHRAXIS 
 
 the Cotyle, xowxij, i. e. one half the sejrtarius, 
 or about half a pint, English. 
 
 HEMIOBOL'ION, Hemiob'olon. Half the 
 oholus. A weight of about five grains. — Gor- 
 raeus. 
 
 HEMIO'LION. A weight of 19 drachms, 
 or oz. 1 ^ . — Galen. See Sescuncia. 
 
 HEMIO'PI A, Hemiop'sis, Hemiopi'a/tis, Suf- 
 fii'aio dimid'ians, Visus dimidia'tns, Marmor'- 
 ygS Hippoc'ratis, S^emiamauro'sis^ Atnauro'sis 
 dimidia'ta, from 'nuiouc, 'one half,' and oirT(ii<«i, 
 'I see.' Depraved vision, in which the person 
 sees onlv one half of an object. 
 HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia. ' 
 
 HEMTOPSIS, Hemiopia. 
 
 HEMIPA'GES, Dicor'yphus tlihypogas'triua, 
 Oc'tdpiif synapheocejih'alus, from '»m, 'half,' 
 and rriyrvfii, 'I fasten.' A monstrosity, in 
 which twins are united from the navel to the 
 vertex. — I. G. Saint Hilaire. 
 
 HEMTPAGIA, Hemicrania. 
 
 HEMIPATHIA, Hemicrania. 
 
 HEMTPEGIA, Hemicrania. ' - 
 
 HEMIPHO'NIA, from 'n^i, 'half,' and ^mvti, 
 'voice.' Great weakness of voice. 
 
 UTe:,MIVLWGlA,Hf,m.tplex'ia,Paral'ysisHe- 
 miplegia^ Semiple'gia^' Sfmi-sidem'tio, from 
 'B/ttiiBt, 'one half,' and TiiftirB, or twttu, 'I 
 'strike.' Paralysis of one side of the body. See 
 Paralysis. One, so pateied, is said to be hemi- 
 pleg''ie, semisidera'tus. 
 
 Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia. 
 
 HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's. 
 
 HEMISPH^R^ CEREBRI, Hemispheres 
 of the brain. 
 
 HEM'ISPHERE, HemUphtf'ra, Hemisphse/- 
 riumi from 'ijnirvc, 'one half,' and (rt^iea,'^ 
 sphere.' One half of a sphere or of a body 
 having a spheroidal shape. The kemispheres of 
 the brain, Hemisphse'rse eereiri, are the upper 
 spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from 
 each other by the falx cerebri. 
 
 H/tMITE,YlsBm\t\s. 
 
 HEMITRIT^'A, (FEBRIS,) F. Semi-ter- 
 tia'na, Febris ses(piial'tera, (E.) Sbtni-tierce, 
 Fievre demitierce. A semi-tertian fever, so 
 called because it seems to possess both the cha- 
 racters of the tertian and quotidian intermittent. 
 — Galen, Spigelius. 
 
 HEMItJJVCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 
 HEMIUN'GION, Hemiun'cia, Sewmn'cia, Se- 
 mimi'da. Half an ounce. 
 
 HEMLOCK, Cbnium maeulatum— h. Ame- 
 rican, Cicuta maculata — ^h. Bastard, Chserophyl- 
 lum sylvestre — h. Common, Conium macula- 
 turn — h. Dropwort, (Enanthe — h. Gum, see 
 Pinus Canadensis— h. Pitch, see Pinus Cana- 
 densis^-h. Spruce, Pinus Canadensis — h. Water, 
 American, Cicuta maculata — h. Water, fine- 
 leaved, Phellandrium aquaticum— h. Water, 
 Cicuta aquatica — h. Wild, Cicuta maculata. 
 
 H/'MOCARDIOPZASTIBS, see Polypus. 
 
 HEMODIA, Haemodia. 
 
 H£M0-ENCEPHAL0RRHAGIE, Apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 HimOHAFATORRHAGIE, Hepatorrha- 
 gia. 
 
 HAMOlOYiLORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, spi- 
 nal. 
 
 H&MOPTrSIE, Haemoptysis— A. Foudroy- 
 ante, see Haemoptysis. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia— h. From 
 
 the bladder, Cystirrhagia- h. From the intes- 
 tines, Melaena — ^h. Interstitial, Apoplexy — h. 
 From the pituitary membrnne, Epistaxis — h. 
 From the skin. Sudor cruentus-^h. Spinal, Apo- 
 plexy, spinal — h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Hiematotho- 
 rax. 
 
 HAMORRHAGIE BVCCALE, Stomator- 
 rhagia — h. Cirebrale, Apoplexy — h. 'dn Foie, 
 Hepatorrhagia — h. InterstiHeUf, Apoplexy — h. 
 Inter stitielU du Ponmon, Haemoptysis— it. des 
 Intestins, Haematochezia— A. de la Matrice, 
 Metrorrhagia — h. Meningee, Apoplexy, menin- 
 geal — h. de la MoelU epinihe, Apoplexia mye- 
 litica — h. Nasale, Epistaxis — h. de la Vessin, 
 Cystirrhagia. 
 
 HEMORRHAGIP'AROTIS,H'''Wr-r^»^>fflr.; 
 from hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage,' and riarire, 
 ' to bring forth,' That which gives occasion to 
 hemorrhage : tlius, softening of the neurine may 
 be ketnorrhasriparons. 
 H&MORRHINIE, Epistaxis,. 
 H/iMORRHOinAIRE, (V.) One who is 
 subject to hemorrhoids. , 
 
 H/tMORRHOIDES. Hsmorrhois— A. Av^v- 
 gUf, Cascapi haemorrhoides. 
 
 HPMOnRHOSCOPIE, Haematoscopia. 
 HfiMOSPASIE, Haemospasia. 
 HfMpSPASIQXTE, HaBmospastie. 
 HfiMOSTASIE, Hsemoetasia. 
 HfiMOSTATIQVES, Haemafostatica. 
 HEMP, INDIAN, Apocyhum cannabinum, 
 Bangue. 
 HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa. 
 HENBANE, Hyoscyamns. 
 HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 HF-NNA, Lawsonia inermis. 
 HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Genti- 
 ana chirayita. 
 
 HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar. 
 HEPAR, 'uTap, 'genitive,' 'tjrroTo?, 'liver;' 
 A name for substances resembling liver in 
 appearance. The ancient name for the tivtr 
 of sulphur, Hepar snVphuris ; which is some- 
 times a compound of sulphur and potassium j 
 at others, of sulphur and potassa. See Potassae 
 sulphuretum. 
 Hepar Adulteeinum, Spleen. - 
 Hepae Antimonia'tum is a compound of a 
 sulphiiret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxy- 
 dum stibii sulphuretum. 
 
 Hepar Maetia'le . A compound of sulphn- 
 ret of potass and an oxide of iron. 
 
 JIepar Sakgdinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrnm, 
 Spleen — hi Sulphnris salinum, Potassap sulphu- 
 retum — h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammoniae sul- 
 phuretum — h. Uterinum, Placenta. 
 
 HEPATAL'GIA, Hemtodyn'ia, Neural'gia 
 he'patis, Col'ica hepat'ica ; from 'tf^to, 'liver,' 
 and aXyot, 'pain.' Pain in the liver. Neural- 
 gia of the liver. (F.) Nevralgie du Foie. 
 
 Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica — h. 
 Petitiana, Turgescehtia vesiculse felleaB; — h. 
 Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis. 
 
 HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from '»7ro{, 'the li- 
 ver,' and annrrtiiua, 'an abscess.' Abscess of 
 the liver. 
 
 HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus. 
 'HEVATECilE'MA,SBn'itnskepat'ictis,from 
 'ijB-orj, 'liver,' and 'ri](r]ua, 'sound.' Sound ren- 
 dered by the liver on percussion. 
 HEPATEMPHRAXIS, from '^Ttoj, 'livery' 
 
HEPATENCEPflALOMA 
 
 430 
 
 HEPATIZATION 
 
 and ift^^dLcra-u, ' I obstruct;' Hepatic obstruc- 
 tion. — Ploucquet. ! 
 
 HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hepatomyelo'- 
 •ma. Fungus he'patia medulla'ris, from " 'ijTop, 
 'liver,' and syxEcpoxosj « encephalon.' Encepha- 
 loid of the liver. 
 
 HEPATE'RUS, Hepat'ims, Jeeora'rius. A 
 variety of diarrhcea, Fluxus kepaticus. — Gorr. 
 HEPATHiEMORRHAG"IA, Samor- 
 rhag"ia hepat'iea, Hepatorrkag"ia, Appplex'ia 
 hepoit'.icd, (F.) JSemorrhagie du foie, Hemohe- 
 patorrhagie, from'uTEag, 'liver,' and 'at^ogg«y/«, 
 'hemorrljage.' Hemorrhage from the liver. 
 
 HEPAT'IC, Jaepat'icus, Hepata'ritis, Hepa- 
 te'rus, Hepatoxdes^ Hepato'des, Jecora'fiuS) from 
 'riTiQ, fthe liver.' Belonging or relating to or 
 resembling liver. 
 
 Hepatic Ar'tery, Arte'ria Jtepat'ica, one of 
 the three branches given off by the ccsliac. It 
 passes towards the inferior surface of the liver; 
 where it divides into two branches, a right and 
 left, which proceed towards the corresponding 
 parts of that organ. The right branch gives 
 off the cystic artery. Before dividing, the he- 
 patic artery sends off two considerable branches, 
 the A. pylorica and Gastro-epiploica dextra. 
 
 Hepatic Duct, Ductus hepat'icus, (F.) Ca- 
 nal hepatiqu,e, is about three fingers' breadth 
 in length, and 'of the size of a quill. It is 
 formed by the union of the biliary ducfs, and 
 joins the cystic duct at a very acute angle, to 
 form the ductus choledochus. Its function is 
 to convey the bile from the liver towards the 
 duodenum. 
 
 Hepatic Plexus, Plexus hepaticun, consists 
 of nervous filaments, sent by the^coeliac plexus 
 to the liver, which accompany the hepatic ar- 
 tery. , 
 
 Hepatic Veins or Supra-hepatic veins, Vence 
 cava hepat'icx, (F.) Veines sus-hepatiques , In- 
 tra-lobular veins, do not follow the course of 
 the arteries of the same name. They arise in 
 the substance of the liver; converge towards 
 the posterior margin of that yiscus, and open 
 into the vena cava inferidr. They convey away 
 the blood carried to the liver by the hepatic ar- 
 tery and vena porta. 
 
 HEPAT'ICA. A name formerly given to 
 medicines which were believed capable of re- 
 moving diseases of the liver. 
 
 Hepatioa, Anemone hepatica, see H. triloba 
 — h. Americana, H. triloba — h. Fontana, Mar- 
 chantia polymorpha — h. Nobilis, Anemone he- 
 patica — h. Stellata, Asperula odorata. 
 
 Hepatica Teil'oba, H. America'na, Trifo'- 
 lium au'reum, Liverwort^ lAverweed, Trefoil, 
 Nohle Liverwort, (F.) H&patique des jardins. 
 This plant — Hepat'iea (Ph. U. S.) — is a gentle 
 astringent, but not possessed of much virtue. 
 HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 H EP ATICUS, H epateros— h. Flos, Anemone 
 hepatica. 
 HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization. 
 H&PATIQUE &TOILiE, Asperula odoyata 
 — h. des Fontaines, Marchantia polymorpha — 
 h. des Jardins, Hepatica triloba. 
 
 HEPATIRRHCE'A, Fluxus hepat'icus, Dys- 
 enter'ia hepat'iea, piarrhpe'a hepat'i6T, Hepa- 
 torrhas'a, Hepatocholorrhce'a, Hepatodysen- 
 ter'ia, Hepatorrha' gia, Hse7nate!ra, Aimate'ra, 
 (F.) Flux kepatique, from 'rimtQ, 'the liver,' 
 and jism, 'I flow.' A species of diarrhcea 
 
 in which the excreted matters seem to come 
 from the liver, or are much mixed with bile. 
 
 HEP AT IS EMUNCTORIA, Inguen— h. 
 Suspensorium, • Ligametit, suspensory, of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATISATIO, Hepatization— h. Pulmo- 
 num, Hep,atization of the Lungs. 
 
 H&PATISATION, Hepatization— vi. GHse, 
 see Hepatization — h. Rouge, see Hepatization. 
 HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena. 
 HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma hepati'tis, Cauma 
 hepaii'tis, Infiaamna'tio he'patis, I, Jecino'ris, 
 Febris hepat'iea inflammato'ria, Hepatal'gia 
 phlegmonol'des,Morbus jecino'ris, Hepatdpkleg'- 
 mone, Inflam/matien of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, 
 Infiammation du foie. Piece {Provineiid.) It 
 may be seated either in the peritoneal covering, 
 Serp-hepati'tis, or in the substance of the liver, or 
 in both, Puro-hepati'tis', and may be acute or 
 chronic. The peculiar symptoms arei-^pain in 
 the right hypochondrium, shooting to the back 
 and right shoulder, and increased on pressure; 
 difficulty of lying on the left side; sometimes 
 jaundice with cough, and synocha. Its termina- 
 tion is generally by resolution : ' in tropical cli- 
 mates it ofteii runs on to suppuration, Jec'oris 
 vom'ica, Hepati'tis apostemato'sa, the abscess 
 breaking either externally, or forming a commu- 
 nication with the intestines or chest, or breaking 
 into the cavity of the abdomen. The causes arc 
 those of inflammation in general. Heat pre- 
 disposes to it ; hence its greater frequency in 
 hot climates. On dissection of those who have 
 died of it, the liver has been found hard and 
 enlarged; colour of a deep purple; or tte mem- 
 branes have been more or less 'vascular; or. ad- 
 hesions, or tubercles, or hydatid, or abscesses, 
 or biliary calculi may be met with. The 
 treatment must be bold. Bleeding, general and 
 local, fomentations, blisters, purgatives, and the 
 antiphlogistic regimen.'v In hot climates espe- 
 cially, a new action must be excited by mercury 
 as early as possible. 
 
 Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis. 
 Hepatitis, Chronic, Hepati'tis ckron'ica, In- 
 ^amma'tio he'patis lenta, Hepatitis 0cc2il'ta, He- 
 patic'ula,Subinflam7iia'tiohe'patis,(F.)Chro«o- 
 hepatite. Chronic liver disease, is not as com- 
 mon as is believed; It may be suspected from 
 the existence of the symptoms above men- 
 tioned, when in a minor degree ; enlargement, 
 constant dull pain in the region of the liver ; 
 sallow countenance; high-coloured urine; clay- 
 coloured faeces, &c. The great object of treat- 
 ment is to excite a new action by mercury and 
 counter-irritants, and to keep the liver free by 
 cathartics. 
 
 Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis — h. Oc- 
 culta, H. chronic. 
 
 HEPATIZA'TION, Hepatisa'tio, Hepadfi- 
 ca'tio, from '>;n-«ff, ' the liver.' Conversion into 
 a liver-like substance. Applied to the lungs 
 when gorged with effused matters, so that they 
 are no longer pervious to the air ; — Hepatisa'tio 
 pulmo'num, Carnifica'tio pulmo' nur/i. In such 
 state, they are said to be hepatized. 
 
 Hepatization, Red,(F.) H epatisationrouge, 
 Endurcissement rougCy Ramollissemint ronge, 
 characterizes the first stage of consolidation of 
 the lungs in pneumonia. 
 
 Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hipoiisation 
 grise, Induration grise, RamolUsSement gns, 
 
HEPATIZON 
 
 421 
 
 HERBA 
 
 Itifltration purulente, characterizes the third 
 stage, or stage-of purulent infiltration. 
 
 HEPATIZON, Chloasma. 
 
 HEPATOCMCE, from 'ijjrae, 'liver,' and 
 xuxoc, ' evil.' Gangrene of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOCE'LE, from 'bjikj, ' the liver,' and 
 wiil», 'a tumours' Her'nia hepat'iea; Hernia 
 
 HEPATORRHEX'IS, from 'ijsrag, 'liver,' 
 and {ijEic, ' rupture.' Rupture of the liver. 
 
 HePAiTORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 
 MPATOSARCOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus. 
 
 HEPATOSCIR'RHUS, from 'ij^ro^, 'liver,' 
 and o-x'ifjof, ' cancerous induration.' Scirrhus 
 he'patis, Encephalo'xis of the liver, Carcino'ma 
 
 of the Liver. The liver has never been found of the liver, (F.) Hepatosarcomie, Hepatopathie 
 entirely out of the abdominal cavity. Increase canoereuse. Cancer du Foie. ricirrhus or Can- 
 of its bulk, or injuries of the parietes of the ab-- 
 domen, have been the sole cause of the protru- 
 sions which have been occasionally met with, 
 especially in infants, in whom the upper part of 
 the linea alba is very weak, and indeed scarcely 
 seems to exist. Sauvages has distinguished 
 two species of hepatocele: — the ventral (in the 
 linea alba,)and the umbilical or hepatomphalum. 
 HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 HEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligafeent of the 
 liver, described by Haller, as passing from the 
 gall-bladder and contiguous sinus portju-um, 
 across the duodenum to the colon. Another, 
 termed Hepato-renal, descends from the root of 
 the liver to the kidney. They are both peri- 
 toneal. 
 
 ll^VATOCYS'Tl9,Hepatocys'ticus,Ci/stid- 
 epat'icus, from 'nvug, 'the liver,' and kvittI!, 
 ' bladder.' Relating to the liver and gall-blad- 
 der. 
 
 Hepatocystic DvoijPuctus hepatooyst'icus, 
 Choledoch duct. 
 
 HEPATODTNIA, Hepatalgia. 
 HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhoea. 
 HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic. 
 HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever bi- 
 lious. Fever, gastric. 
 
 HEPATOG':gAPHY, Hepatogra'phia ; from 
 '»Ta{, 'the liver,' eind y|i«<j>», 'a description.' 
 The part of anatomy which describes the liver. 
 HEPATOH^'MIA, Hypera'mia he'patis. 
 Hepatic Engorgement, (F.) Hyperemie du Foie, 
 from '«T!<e, ' the liver,' and 'ai^io, ' blood.' San- 
 guineous congestion of the liver. 
 HEPATODES, Hepatic. 
 HEPATOIDES, Hepatic. 
 HEPATOLITHI'ASIS, from '^^rag, 'the 
 liverj' and Ki6iairi;, ' formation of atone.' The 
 formation of concretions, Hepatol'ithi, in the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATOL'OGT, HepatologHa, from 'ijreoj, 
 ' the liver,' and layoq, ' a discourse,' ' treatise.' 
 A treatise on the liver. 
 
 HEPATOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis he'patis, 
 (F.) Ramollissement du F,oie. Softening of the 
 liver. 
 HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma. 
 HEPATON'CUS, from ',T«f, 'the liver,' 
 and ofxdt, ' a tumour.' Tumefaction of the 
 liver. 
 
 HEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'sjtaj, 'the 
 liver,' and TajmTOfta, ' considerable extension.' 
 Excessive enlargement of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPATHI'A, from ',7iag, 'liver,' 
 and r«flot, 'suffering.' Disease of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOPATHIE CANCER EUSE, He- 
 patoscirrhus — h, Tuhercwleuse, Hepatostrumo- 
 sie. 
 HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis. 
 HEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis hepat'iea, 
 from 'ijnag, 'the liver,' and <))9i«, 'I consume.' 
 Consumption from suppuration of the liver. 
 
 HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepat- 
 hsemorrhagia. 
 
 cancereuse. Cancer du Foie. 
 cer of the liver. 
 
 H£PATOSTRUMOSIE, Tuier'iyula He'pa- 
 tis, (F.) Tuhercules duFoie, Hipatopathie tuber- 
 culeuse; from 'ijiral, 'the liver,' and struma, 
 'a tumour,' 'a scrophulous tumour.' Tuber- 
 cle of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOT'OMY, from 'ijreoe, 'the liver,' 
 and Tt/jLvm, ' I cut.' Dissection of the liver. 
 HEPIALOS, Epiaios. 
 HEPS, see Rosa canina. 
 HEPSEMA, Decoction. 
 HEPSESIS, Decoction. 
 HEPTAL'LON GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort, 
 Beafs- fright. An indigenous plant, which has 
 a fetid porcine smell ; and is said to be used by 
 the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, &c. 
 
 HEPTAPHAR'MACIJM, from 'e^rTa, 'se- 
 ven,' and <pa,qi/M*oi, ' a remedy.' A medicine 
 composed of seven substances; cerusse, lith- 
 arge, pitch, wax, colophony, frankincense, and 
 bullock's fat. It was regarded as laxative, sup- 
 purative and healing. ,. 
 HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla. 
 HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major. 
 HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum— h. Gummi- 
 ferum, see Ammoniac gum. 
 
 Heeacle'hm Spondyl'ium, Branca ursi'na 
 German'ica, Spondyl'ium, Cow Parsnep, All- 
 heal, (F .) Beree, Branc-iirsine bdtarde, Fausse 
 Acanthe. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. The root of this plant 
 has a strong, rank smell; and a pungent almost 
 caustic taste. It has been given- as a tonic, sto- 
 machic and carminative; both in powder and 
 in decoction. The Russians, Lithuanians, and 
 Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by fer- 
 mentation, a very intoxicating spirituous liquor, 
 which they call Parst. 
 
 The root of Heracle'um haiia'tvmi. Master- 
 wort, Cow parsnep, — Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.) — 
 is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States. 
 HERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 HERB, Heria, Bot'anl. Ahy ligneous^ plant 
 which loses its stalk during the winter. 
 
 Herb Cjieistop'her, Actaea spicata — h. of 
 Grace, Gratiola officinalis — ^h. Mastich, com- 
 mon, Thymus mastichina — h. Mastich, Syrian, 
 Teucrium marum — h. Robert, Geranium Rober- 
 tianum — h. of Saint Cunegonde, Eupatorium 
 cannabinum — ^h. Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia — 
 h. Trinity, Anemone hepatica. 
 
 HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium 
 olusatrum — h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. Benedie- 
 ta, Geum urbanum^ — ^h.Biitannica, Rumex hydro- 
 lapathum — h. Canni, Artemisia santonica — ^h. 
 Cardiaca, Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui vene- 
 ris, Dipsaeus fuUonum — h. Dorea, Solidago vir- 
 gaurea — h. Felis, Neptta — h. Genipi, Achillea 
 atrata — h. Ignis, Lichen pyxidatus — h. Melan- 
 cholifuga, Fumaria — h. Militaris, Achillea mil- 
 lefolium^-h. Papillaris, Lapsana — h. Paraly- 
 seos, Primula veris— h. Paralytica, Primula ve- 
 
HERB^ PRO ENEMATE 
 
 423 
 
 HERNIA 
 
 ris— ^h. Patae lapinae, Leonurus cafdiaca — h. 
 Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium — h. Quercini, 
 Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Verbena Officinalis 
 — h. Salivarjs, Anthemis pyrethrumi— h. Sideri- 
 tidis, Galeopsis grandiflora — h. Tabaci, Nico- 
 tiana tabacum — h. Trinitatis, Anemone hepati- 
 ca — h. Trinitatis, Viola tricolor — h. Veneris, 
 Adiantum pedatum — h. Ventis, Anemone Pul- 
 satilla — h. Zazarhendi, Origanum. 
 
 HERBiE PRO ENEMATE,. Glyster herbs 
 — h. pro fotu. Fomentation herbs. 
 HERBALIST, Herborist. 
 HERB A RIUM, from herha, a plant. A col- 
 lection of plants. Generally applied to a collec- 
 tion of dried plants — Hortus siccus. In Phar- 
 macy, a plant that Is used entire. 
 HERBARIUS, Herborist. 
 HERBE, Herb — h. au Ccmcer, Plumbago 
 Europaja — h. aux Chantres, Erysimum — h. aux 
 CAffr^ewtiers, Justitiapectoralis — A. e-ux Chats, 
 Nepeta, Teucrium marum — h. au Coq, Tana- 
 cetum balsamita — h. au Cuillers, Cochlearia 
 officinalis — k, aux Ecrouelhs, 'Scrophularia 
 nodosa — h. aux Jlcus, Lysimachia nummularia 
 — h. a t.ternuer, Achillea ptarmica — h. aux 
 Gueux, Clematis vitalba — h. ada Houette, As- 
 clepias Syriaca — h. aux Mamelles, Lapsana — h. 
 aux Mou^hes, Conyza s'quarrosa — %. au Pauvre 
 komme) Gratiola officinalis — k. aux Perles, 
 Lithospermum officinale — h. a Pisser, Pyrola 
 umbellata — h. d la Poudre de CAjr^re, Hibis- 
 cus abelmoschus — h. aux Poux, Delphinium 
 staphisagria — h, aux Puces coniTn/ime, Plantago 
 psyllium — h. a Robert, Geranium Robertianum 
 — A. de Sainte Barbe, Erysimum barbarea — h. 
 Sainte Christdphe, Acteea spicata — h. de Saint 
 Mtienne, Circa^a lutetiana — h. de Saint Jean, 
 Artemisia vulgaris — h. de Saint Roch, Inula 
 dysenterica^— A. a^l,x Sorciers, Circii-a lutetiana 
 — A. aux Verrues, Heliotropium EuropsBum. 
 
 HERBIVOROUS, HerHv'ofus, from herba, 
 'grass,' and voro, ' I eat.' An epithet applied 
 to animals which feed on herbs. 
 
 HER'BORIST, He'rha'rius. One who deals 
 in useful plants. ' An Herh'alist or Herb'arist. 
 llERBORlZA'T10N,Herla'rumingmsit"io. 
 An excursion, made with the view of collect- 
 ing plants. Suth excursions are directed by 
 the Apothecaries' Company of London, for the 
 use of their apprentices, &c. 
 
 HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque her- 
 ba capillares, were, anciently, hart's tongue, 
 black, white, and golden maiden-hair, and 
 spleenwort. 
 
 Heebs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herbcB 
 emollien'tes, were, anciently, be6t, mallow, 
 marsh-mallow, French mercury, and violet. 
 
 HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaoa opopo- 
 nax. 
 HERCULEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
 HERED'ITARY, Hmredita'rius, Heredita'- 
 rius, Gentil'itius, Sym'phytos, Syn'genes, from 
 hetres, ' an heir.' ^n epithet given to diseases, 
 communicated from progenitors. Such diseases 
 may exist at birth ; or they may supervene at a 
 more or less advanced period of existence. 
 
 HERM APHRODE'IT Y, Hermaphrodis'ia, 
 Hermaphroditis' mnis , Hermaphrodis'Tnus, Fab'- 
 rica a,ndrog"yna, Androi^yn'ia, Gynan'dria, 
 Hermaph' todism ; from 'E^i.t/c, 'Mercury,' and 
 Aqi^ui?!!!,, 'Venus.' Appertaining to Mercury 
 and Venus. Union of the two sexes in the 
 same individual. 
 
 HERMAPHRODISIA,Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 HERMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon. Her- 
 maphrodi'tus, Gynida, Androg^yn-iis. One 
 who possesses the attributes of male and fe"- 
 male : who unites in himself the two sexes. A 
 term, applied to an animal or plant which is, at 
 the same time, both male and female. True 
 hermaphrodites are only met with in the lower 
 degrees of the animal scale, amongst the zoo- 
 phytes, moUusca, or gasteropbdes. The indi- 
 viduals of the human species, regarded as her- 
 maphrodites, owe this appearance to a vicious 
 conformation of the genital organs ; a kind of 
 monstrosity, which renders them uflii^for ge- 
 neration, although an attentive examination 
 may exhibit the true sex. Hernlaplirodites 
 have, likewise, been described, who, instead of 
 uniting the attributes of both sexes, cannot be 
 considered male or female. These have been 
 called neutral hermaphrodites, 
 
 HERVlAPHRODlTISMtJS.Hermaphrodeity. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite, 
 
 HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Herrmtiea 
 ars, (F.y Hermetique. The doctrine of Herfnes, 
 a celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who isteon- 
 sidered the" lather of alchemy. That part of 
 chymistry, whose object was the pretended 
 transmutation of the metals. »' 
 
 HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tus, An'ima 
 articulo'rum^ from 'F.j^r/c, ' Mercury,' and Sitx- 
 Tvi.if, ' a finger;' or rather from Hermus, a ri- 
 ver in Asia, upon whose banks it growsj and 
 SaxTuioc, '- a date ;' or from 'Egmijf, ' Mercury,' 
 and da.xTvl;<, 'a date;' {V .) Hsrmoiactyle, 
 Hermodacte ou Herviodate, The 'root of the 
 Hermodactyl was formerly used as a cathairtic. 
 By somejitis supposed to be identical with the 
 IH^ tubero'sa. The best testimony seems to be 
 in favour of its being a variety of the colchi- 
 cum, — the CoVohicv/m Illyr'icwm. 
 
 HERMODA TE, Hermodactylns. 
 
 HERMOPH'ILUS, from 'R(^r,t, ' Mercury,' 
 and fiKut, ' a lover.' One who is fond of mer- 
 cury as a medicine. 
 
 HER'NIA, Ramex, Ruptu'ra, R. hernio'sa, 
 Crepatu'ra, Ectop'ia hernio'sa, Cele, Rupture, 
 (F.) Hargne, Descente, Effort, Grevenre, Rom- 
 peure. Any tumour, formed by the displace- 
 ment of a viscus or a portion of a viscns, which 
 has escaped from its natural cavity by some 
 aperture and projects externally. Hernia? have 
 been divided into, — 1. Hernia of the Brain; 
 Encephalocele ; 2 Hernia of the Thorax ; Pnen- 
 moicele; 3. H ernia of the Abdomen. 
 
 Abdom'inal Hernise are remarkable for their 
 frequency-, variety, and the danger attending 
 them; They are produced by the protrusion, of 
 the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through 
 the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes 
 of that cavity. The organs, which form them 
 most frequently; are the intestines and the epU 
 ploon. ' These hernise have been divided, accord- 
 ing to the aperture by which they escape, into : 
 
 1. Inguinalor Stipra-Pu'bianHerniye. These 
 issue by the inguinal canal : they are called 
 Bubonoee'le, when small ; and Scrotal Htrnia 
 or Oscheoce'U, in man, when they descend into 
 the scrotam; — Vulvar Hernia or Pwdev'dal 
 or La'bial Hernia, Episioce'll, in women, when 
 they extend to the labia laajora. 9. Crural or 
 Fem'oral Hernia, Me'roee'le, when they issue 
 by the crural canal. 3. Infra-Pu'hian Hernia, 
 (F.) Hernie sous-pubienne, O'ddeoce'le, Htr'nia 
 
HEI^4 
 
 423 
 
 HERNIE CHARNUE 
 
 foram'inia ova'Ua, where, the viscera escape 
 through the opening, whichtgives passage to 
 the infra-Nubian vessels. > 4.- Ischiat'ic Hernia; 
 when it takes place. through the sacro-sciatic 
 notctl. 5. JImiil'ical ltkrnia,Exom'phalos, Um- 
 phalece'lei when it occurs; at the umbilicus or 
 near it. 6. Epigas'trie Hernia; — occurring 
 through the linea alba, aliove the umbilicus. 7. 
 Hypogas'tric or Jnfra-umbil'ical Hernia, Calio- 
 ee'le, Hypogastroce'le, — when it occurs through 
 the linea alba below the umbilicus. 8. PeH- 
 na'cd Hernia, Mesoscelocele, Her'ntia perinae'i, 
 Ferirt'doce'le, Perineoce'h — when it takes place 
 through the levator ani« and appears at the pe- 
 rineum. 9. Vag"inal Hernia, Colettce'lS sen 
 Elytrocele — through the parietes of the vagina. 
 10. Diapkragmat'ic Hei mayDiaphragmatoee' ^ 
 ll; when it passes thrSugh rae diaphragm. 
 
 Herniae are likewise distinguished, — accord- 
 ing to the viscera fuming them, — into Entero- 
 ee'le, Epiploee'le, En'tero-epi/jlocs'le, Oastroce'le, 
 Cystoce'le, He/iatoce'le, S/ilenoce ll, &C. 
 
 When a hernia can be restored to its natural 
 cavity, by the aid of Messnre, &c., properly ap- 
 plied|,it is said to be red-neible. It is, on the 
 contrary, irreducible, when adhesion, "bulk, Jfcc. 
 oppose its return. When the aperture, which 
 has given passage to the hernia, occasions more 
 or less constriction on the protruded portion, 
 the hernia is said to be incarcerated or strangu- 
 lated : and,- if the constriction be not reraovedj 
 constipation, hiccough, vomiting, aiid all the 
 signs of violent inflammation, followed by gan- 
 grene, supervene, with alteration of the fear 
 tures, small pulse, cold extremities, and death. 
 The therapeutical indications are, — I. As re- 
 gards redueible.hernia ; — to replace the viscera 
 in the abdomen by the taxis; and to retain them 
 there by the use of a truss, which, if properly 
 adapted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As re- 
 gards irreducible hernia; — to support the tumour 
 by an appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. As 
 ■ regards strangttlated hernia : — to have recourse 
 to the taxis; blood-letting; warm bath; tobacco 
 glysters; ice to the tumour ; and, if these should 
 not succeed, to perform an operation, which 
 consists in dividing the covering of the hernia, 
 and cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes 
 the strangulation ; — reducing t|ie displaced vis- 
 cera, unless their diseased condition should re- 
 quire them to be retained without ; — dressing 
 the wound appropriately ; restoring the course 
 of the fasces by means of gentle glysters ; — pre- 
 venting or combating inflammation of the ab- 
 dominal viscera ;^^conducting the wound to 
 cicatrisation, by appropriate means ; and after- 
 wards supporting the cicatrix by a bandage. 
 
 Hernia, Aneurismal, Cirsomphalus — b. Ar- 
 teriarum, see Aneurism— h. of the Bladder, 
 Cys^ocele — h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele — h. 
 Carnosa, SarcoceJe— h. of the Cerebellum, Pa- 
 rencephalocfile — h. Cerebri, Enoephalocele. 
 
 Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congeii'ita, is 
 
 a, protrusion of some of the contents of the ab- 
 
 (lomen into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing 
 
 t- to a want of adhesion between its sides, after 
 
 the descent of the testicle. 
 
 Hernia Corne^e, (-eratocele — h. Crural, Me- 
 locele-^. Epiploic, Epiplocele— h. Femoral, 
 Merocele — h. Foraminis Ovalis, see PJernia — 
 h. Gutturis, Bronchocele— h. Hepatica, Hepa- 
 locele. 
 
 Hernia Humoea'lis, Emprts'ma Orchi'tis, \ 
 
 Didymi'Hs, Orchi'tis, Orohidi'tis, Inflamma'- 
 tio tes'tium, Inflamma'tion of, the Testicle, 
 Swelled Testicle, Hernia Ven'eris, Orchioce'le, 
 Orthidoce'le, Orehidon'cus, (F.) Inflammation 
 du iesticule, Orchite, Chaudepisse tombee dans 
 les Bourses. Swelling and inflammation of the 
 testicle is a common symptom of gonorrhoea ; 
 but it may arise from external injuries, or from 
 qtiier causes. It is a disease, which cannot be 
 mistaken, and the treatment must obviously be 
 strongly antiphlogistic, supporting the testicle 
 during the treatment, and for some time after- 
 wards : methodical compression has also been 
 found useful. The disease is not generally of 
 a serious character, going off as suddenly as it 
 comes (HI. As it affects t)ie epididymis more 
 especially, when supervening on gonorrhcea or 
 blennorrhoea, it is sometimes termed blennor- 
 rhag"ic epididymitis. 
 
 Hermia Imoaecerata, Entero-peristole — h. ' 
 Inguinalis, Bubopocele — h. Intestinalis, Entero- 
 cele — h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplo- 
 cele — h. Iridisj Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiatica, 
 Ischiocele— h. Lienalis, Splenocele. 
 
 Her'nia Lit'rica, H. e Divertic'ulo Intesti'- 
 ni. Hernia first described by Litre in which 
 the intestinal canal proper is not included in the 
 hernial sac, the protruded portion of intestine 
 consisting of a digital prolongation of the ileum, 
 which Litre concluded was formed by the gra- 
 dual extension of a knuckle of the bowel,' that 
 had been engaged in the inguinal canal. 
 
 Hermia OF the Liver, Hepatocele— h. Omen- 
 tal, Epiplocele — h. Parorchido-enterica, Paror- 
 chido-enterocele — h. Perinaei, see Hernia — h. 
 Pharyngis,Pharyngocele — h.Phrenic,Diaphrag- 
 matic hernia— h.Pinguedinosa Scroti, Liparocele 
 — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele — h. Pleurica et 
 pulinonalis, Pleurpcele — h. Pudendal, Pudendal 
 hernia-^b. Sacci lacrymalis. Lachrymal hernia, 
 Mucocele— h.Scrotalis,Scrotocele~h.«eminalis 
 scroti, Spermktocele— h. of the Stomach, Gas- 
 trocele— rh. Suprapubian, H. inguinal — h. of the 
 Tongue, Glossocele— h. Umbilicalis, Epiplom- 
 phalon, Exomphalos — h. Umbilici Aquosa, Hy- 
 dromphalum — h. Uteri, Hysterocele — h. Vari- 
 cose, Cirsocele — h. Varicosa, Varicocele — h. 
 Venarum, Varix - h. Veneris, Hernia humoralis 
 — h. Ventosa, Physocele — h. Ventral, see Ven- 
 tral — h. Ventriculi, Gastrocele — h. Vesicae Uri- 
 nariae, Cystocele — h. Zirbalis, Epiplocele. 
 
 HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 HER'NIAL, Hemia'rius, (F.) Herniaire. 
 Belonging to, or concerning hernia : — as Her- 
 nial Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c. 
 
 The (F.) Hernie, is applied to a part enve- 
 loped in a hernial sac ; Hernieux, Cele'ta, Celo.'- 
 tes,Rup'tured, means one affected with hernia; 
 and Chirurgien hen^ire,one who devotes him- 
 self to the treatment' of hernia. 
 
 llERmA-niAGLATiRA,Milligra'na,Em'- 
 petrum, Rupture-iaort ; from hernia, 'rupture.' 
 (F.) Herniaire, Tarquette, Herniole. This 
 plant, which, as its name imports, was formerly 
 considered efficacious in the cure of hernia 
 seems destitute of all virtues. 
 
 HERNIARIUS, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele— A. de 
 I' Epiploon, Epiplocele — h. de I'Estomac, Gaa- 
 trocele — h. Inguinale, Bubonocele — h. du Nom- 
 hril, Exomphalos— A. Ombilicale, Exomphalos 
 — h. de la Vessie, Cystocele. 
 
HERNU 
 
 434 
 
 HETEROS 
 
 HEENU, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIEMPHRAG'MUSjflefmVmpAraa'M, 
 from Hernia, and luipQuy/^^ot, 'obstruction.' 
 Tiie mechanical obstruction of a hernial* canal 
 for the radical cure of the hernia.!^ 
 
 HERNIEUX, Hernial. 
 
 HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 HERNIOT'OMY, Celotomia. 
 
 HERO'IG, Hero'icus, Hero'ius, Hero'us, 
 from 'ague, « a hero.' An epithet applied to re- 
 medies or practice of a violent character. 
 
 HERPEDON, Herpes. 
 
 HERPEN, Herpes. 
 
 HERPES, Erpes, Herpe'don, Herpeni from 
 'cQTiBi, ' I creep;' because it creeps and 'spreads 
 about the skin ; Ecphly'sis Herpes, Cytis'wia 
 Herpes, Tetter, Fret, (F.) Dartre, Olophlyctide. 
 A vesicular disease, vrhich, in most of its form^, 
 passes through a regular course of increase, ma- 
 turation, decline, and termination in from 10 
 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in distinct, but 
 irTegular clusters, which commonly appear in 
 quick succession, and near together, on an in- 
 flamed base ; generally attended with heat, pain, 
 and considerable constitutional disorder. The 
 term, like all others which refer to cutaneous 
 diseases, has not been accurately defined. The 
 ancients had three varieties; the 'miliary, my- 
 ;^gia;05; ve3ic'ular,-^f\vK.TaLvuiStjg, axtdero'ding, 
 irSiofievof. Bateman has the following varie- 
 ties. 1. Herpes Phlyotjeno'des, Herpes mi- 
 lia'Hs, Eephly'sis Herpes Milia'ris, (F.)Dartre 
 phlycteno'ide, in which the vesicles are millet- 
 sized; pellucid; clusters commencing on an un- 
 certain part of the body, and being progressively 
 strewed over the rest of the surface; succeeded 
 by fresh crops. 2. Herpes Zostee., Zoster, 
 Zona ig'nea, Z. serpigino' sa. Ignis Per'sicus, 
 Cinzilla, Sacer ignis, Ecphly'sis Herpes zoster. 
 Herpes p^ris'celis, Erysip'elas zoster, Erysip'- 
 elas phlyct(Bno'i'des, E^ pustuio'sa, Zona, Cir'- 
 cinus, Ferizo'ma, (F.) Ceinture, C. dartreuse, 
 Feu Persique, Arysipele pustuleuso. Shingles : 
 in which the vesicles are pearl-sized; the clus- 
 ters spreading round the body like a girdle: 
 at times confluent, and occasionally preceded 
 by constitutional irritation. 3. Herpes Circi- 
 na'tus, Formi'ca ambulato'ria, An'nulus repens, 
 Herpes Serpi'go, Serpi'go, Ecphly'sis Herpes 
 Circina'tus, Ringworm, Vesic'ular Ringworm, 
 consisting of vesicles with a reddish base, 
 uniting in rings : the area of the rings slightly 
 discoloured, often followed by fresh crops. 4. 
 Herpes Labia'lis, and 5. Herpes PEiEPUTiA'- 
 LIS, Aphthae priBpu'tii, JJlcus'cula pr<Bpu'tii, 
 appearing, respectively, on the lips and pre- 
 puce: — 6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rainbow-worm, 
 — occurring in small^.circular patches, each of 
 ■which is composed of concentric rings of dif- 
 ferent colours. To these may be added. Her- 
 pes 'E.^'ed^ns, Ecphly'sis Hei pes ek'edens. Her- 
 pes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, H. ferus, H. 
 estiom'enus, Jjapus vorax, Formi'ca corrosi'va, 
 Formix, Fap'ula fera. Ulcerative Ringworm, 
 Nir'les, A'gria, (F.) Dartre rongiante, in 
 which the vesicles are hard ; clusters thronged; 
 fluid dense, yellow or reddish, hot, acrid, cor- 
 roding the subjacent skin, and spreading in ser- 
 pentine trails. 
 
 All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- 
 gistic treatment, when attended with febrile 
 irritation. The herpes circinatus, alone, re- 
 
 quires the use of astringent applications, ■« 
 have the power of repressing the eruption 
 
 Herpes Depascens, H. exedens — h. Es 
 menus, H; exedens— h. Estiomenus, H. exe 
 — h. Farinosus, Pityria^s — h. Ferus, H. 
 dens — h. Furfuraceus, Pityriasis — h. Furl 
 ceus circinatus. Lepra, H. exedens — h. Jjlli 
 H. phlyctaenoides — h. Periscelis, H. zoster 
 Serpigo, H. circinatus— ^h. Tonsurans, Poi 
 decalvans. i 
 
 HERPETIC, Herpet'icus, (F.y Dartr 
 Possessiug the nature of herpes. 
 
 HERPETOG'RAPllY, Herpetograph 
 from '(jn;»f,-^' herpes,' and yga*!;, 'a^dest 
 tion.' A descriptiomof the different forn; 
 herpes. 
 
 HERPE'TON, jHerpet'lVojj, from 'egireir. 
 creep.' A creeping eruption. or ulcer. — ] 
 pocrates. - ■ 
 
 HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 HER^ENSCHWAND'S SPECIFIC, 
 Specific'-of Herrenschwand; 
 
 HESPERIS ALLIARIA, AUiaria. 
 
 HETEROCHRON'ICUS, Heteroch'roi 
 from Hxigog, 'other,' and jfjoroc, 'time.!S<l 
 lating to difference of time. 
 
 Puls'us heterochron'icus , A pulse of vari 
 rhythm. An irregular or intermittent puli 
 
 HETEROCHYMEU'SIS; from 'm 
 'other,' and ^imsoyi?, 'mixture.' A 3tat{ 
 the blood in which it contains other mat 
 than in health, as urea, bile, &c. 
 
 HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and ' 
 sues. 
 
 HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania. 
 
 HETEROCRIN'IA, from Uti^K, ' other,' 
 x^ivo), 'I separate.' Modification in the si 
 tion of secretions. — Andral. ' 
 
 HETEROGENESIS, see Generation. 
 
 HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia. 
 
 HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissi 
 
 HETEROMORPH'ISM,fi'«iteroOTor;pto'« 
 from 'tTEgct, ' other,' and fiiqfii, ' shape.' 
 deviation from the natural shape of parts. 
 
 HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
 
 HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic. 
 
 HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'ers^nc, 'oth 
 and tfairij, ' voice.' A cracked or broken vo: 
 A change of the voice or speech — Hetero 
 Ha. I 
 
 HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'et« 
 ' other,' and o<pa-aX^ioc, ' eye.', A diflerence 
 the two eyes, — as When one squints, or is o 
 different colour. 
 
 HETEROPLAS'TY,ire«e™^tes'Ji<iE,H«*< 
 pla'sia, from 'stb^ix, 'other,' and Trla&aa, 
 form.' Irregular plastic or formative ope 
 tions, that do not admit of exact classifi 
 tion. 
 
 HETEROPROSO'PUS; from 'itijoc, ' difl 
 ent,' and nQorrimov, ' countenance.' Amons 
 having two faces. — Gurlt. 
 
 HET'EROPUS, from 'erssoc, 'otlier,' ! 
 TTouc, ' foot.' One who has one foot diffen 
 from the other. 
 
 HETEROREXIA, Malacia. 
 
 HETERORRHYTH'MUS; from 'tnj 
 ' other,' and gv^fo;, ' rhjrthm.' Having anoti 
 rhythm. An epithet given to the pulse, wl 
 it is such, in any individual, as is usually i 
 at a diflferent age. 
 
 HETEROS, from 'stejoc, 'the one of tw 
 'the other.' Hence: 
 
HETEROSARCOSES 
 
 423 
 
 eiLLBERRY 
 
 H ETEROS ARCO'SES, from '«Tteoj, ' other,' 
 and.<r«5E, 'flesh.' A class of diseases which 
 consist in the formation of accidental tissues. 
 — Gendrin. 
 
 HETEROTAX'IA, (F.) Hiterotaxie : from 
 'tTf^oc, and T»Eif, ' order.' A malformation, 
 which bonsists in the general transposition of 
 organs. A change in the relation of organs. 
 
 HETEKOTOP'IA, from 'iitfit, ' other,' and 
 TOTO! , ' place.' A deviation from the natural 
 position of part;. 
 HETRE, Fagus sylvatica. 
 HEUCHERAjSee H. cortusa— h. Acerifolia, 
 H. Cortusa. 
 
 Heuohe'ra Cortd'sa, H. America'na, H. 
 Aeerifo'lia, H. Vis'cida, Cortusa America'na, 
 Ahim Root, Amer'icam San'icle, Ground-maple, 
 Cliff-weed, Split-rod. The root Heuchera — 
 (Ph. IT. S.) — is a powerful astringent, and is 
 the hasis of a cancer powder. The American 
 Indians apply the powdered root to wounds, 
 ulcers, and cancers. It is said to have been 
 sold for colchicum. 
 
 Heuchera Viscida, H. Cortusa. 
 
 HEUDELOTIA AFRICAN A, see Bdellium. 
 
 HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 HEXAGIUM, Sextula. 
 
 HEXISj Uiic, habit, habit of body, constitu- 
 tion. Hence, hectic, cachectic^ &c. - 
 
 HIATUS, from Mare, 'to gape,' 'to open.' 
 A foramen or aperture. Mouth. The vulva. 
 Also, yawning. 
 
 Hiatus Diaphrag'matis Aor'ticus, S««jt- 
 Hr'enlus exsculp'tus. The opening in the dia- 
 phragm! for the passage of the abdominal aorta. 
 
 Hiatus Fallopii, see Aquaeductus Fallopii 
 — k. Oceipito-p^eux, Lacerum posterius fora- 
 men — h. Sphmo-petreux, Lacerum anterius 
 foramen. 
 
 Hiatus of Wiijslow, Fora'men of Window. 
 An opening — situate, behind the lesser omen- 
 tum, and behind the vessels and nerves of the 
 liver — which forms a communication between 
 the peritoneal cavity and that of the omenta. 
 
 HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Teg^ula Hiber'nica, 
 Arde'sia Hiber'nica, tiarde'sia, Irish Slate. 
 A kind of slate or very hard Stone, found in 
 different parts of Ireland, in masses of a bluish- 
 black colour, which stains the hands. It hgs 
 been taken, powdered, in spruce beer, against 
 inward contusions. 
 
 HIBISCUS, Althffia. 
 
 HiBis'cus Abulmos'chvs, Abefmos'chus mos- 
 cha'tus. The name of the plant, whose seeds 
 are called Grana Moschi or Muskseed. It is 
 the Belmns'chtis, Abelmos'chus, Granum Mos- 
 chi, Ket'mia JEgyptiaca, Moschus Ar'abum, 
 ^gyp'tia moscha'ta, Bamix moscha'ta, Alce'a, 
 Aleea Inrliea, Alcea .BUgyptiaca ViUq'sa, Abel- 
 mosrh, Ahelmusk, Mush-mallow, (F.) Graine 
 de Muse, Herbe a la poudre de Chypre, -Am- 
 brette, Guimauve vfloutee. It is indigenous in 
 Egypt and the Indies. The seeds are chiefly 
 Used as perfumes ; and especially in the forma- 
 tion of Cyprus Powder. 
 
 lliBis'ous Pofvi,e'vs, Balimha'go. A small 
 Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice simi- 
 lar to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used 
 in chronic diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia, &c. 
 
 HICCOUGH, Singultus, 
 
 HICCUP, Singultus. 
 
 HIDRISCUESIS, Hidroschesis. 
 28 
 
 HIDROA, Desudatio, ichauhoidurea, Hy- 
 droa, Sudamina. 
 
 HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'sus, from 'i^eait, 
 ' sweat,' and v«o-oc, ' a disease.' Accompanied 
 by violent sweats. Sudor Anglicus. 
 HIDRONUSUS, Hidronosus. 
 HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis. 
 HIDROPHOROS, Sudoriferous. 
 HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific. 
 HIDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus. 
 HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus, 
 HIDRORRHCEA, Ephidrosis. 
 HIDROS, 'iSfiu;, Sudor, ' sweat.' Hence — 
 Hidropyra, Hidrosis, &c. 
 
 HIDROS'CHESIS, Hidi-is'chesis, Reten'tio 
 sudo'ris, from 'i^pws, ' sweat,' and o^j^sois, 're- 
 tention.' Suppression of perspiration. 
 
 HIDRO'SIS, Hydro' sis,Suda'tio,itom Uipuie, 
 ' sweat.' Sweating, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HIDROTERION, Achicolum. 
 
 HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDROTICUM, Sudorific. 
 
 HIDRO'TIUM,Diminutiyeof'iJf<os,'sweat' 
 A gentle sweat or perspiration. ' 
 
 HIDROTOPOEUM, Sudorific, 
 
 HIkBLE, Sambucus ebulus. 
 
 HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from 
 'ispos, 'holy.' Hiera of Colocijnth. An elec- 
 tuary, composed of 10 parts of colocynth, as 
 much agaric, germander, white horehound, steer 
 chas : — 5 paTts of opoponax,BS muchsagapenum, 
 parsley, round birthwort root and white pepper ; 
 — 4 parts of spikenard, cin?iamon, myrrh, and 
 saffron; and 3 pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms 
 olhoTiey. 
 
 Hiera of Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos 
 ^h. Logadii, Hiera picra. 
 
 Hiera Picra, from 'leposi 'holy,' and 711x905, 
 'bitter.' Holy bitter, Ptilvis aloH'icus, for- 
 merly called Hiera loga'dii, when made into an 
 electuary with honey. It is now kept in the 
 form of dry powder; — prepared by mixing-.'oco- 
 trine aloes one pound, with 3 ounces of canella 
 alba. See Pulvis aloes cum canella. 
 
 Hiera Syrinx, Vertebral column, Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERACI'TES, 'ii^uxni,?, from 'unai, 'a 
 hawk,' Lapis Accip'itrum. The ancient name 
 of a precious stone; believed to be capable of 
 arresting the hemorrhoidal flux. — Pliny, Galen, 
 Paulus. 
 
 HIERA'CIUM MURO'RUM, Pulmona'ria 
 Gall'ica, Auric'ulamu'ris major, (F.) ^pervikre 
 des miirailles, Pulmonaire des Francais. A 
 European plant, which is a, slight tonic. 
 
 Hiera'cium Pilosel'la. The systematic 
 name of the Auric'ula Maris, Pilosel'la, Myo- 
 so'tis, Mouse-ear, (F.) Filoselle, Oreille dt 
 Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent 
 juice: which has a slight degree of astringency. 
 The roots are more powerful than the leaves. 
 
 HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Epilepsy. 
 
 HIERAX, Accipiter. 
 
 HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis. 
 
 HlEROGLYPnaCA, from Uigoc, 'holy,' 
 and ylLMpix, 'I carve.' A name given to the 
 signs employed in medicine; and also to the 
 folds in. tiie hands, feet, and forehead, which 
 afl'ord chiromancy its pretended oracles. 
 
 HIEROPYR, Erysipelas. 
 
 HILL'S BALSAM OF HONEY, see Balsam 
 of Honey, H ill's — h. Essence of Bardana, Tincr 
 tura guaiaci ammoniata. 
 
 IIILLBERRY, Gaultheria. 
 
HILL FEVER 
 
 436 
 
 HIRUNDINARIA 
 
 HILL FEVER, see Fever, hill. 
 
 HILON, (F.) Hilum, improperly Hilus. A 
 name given by some writers to a small blackish 
 tamour, formed by th^ protrusion of the iris 
 through an opening in the transparent cornea, 
 so called from its comparison with the hile or 
 black mark presented by the vicia feba at one 
 of its extremities. In Botany, the HiU or Hilum 
 is the cicatricula of a seed, which indicates the 
 place by which it was attached in the cavity of 
 the pericarp. It is the umbilicus of the seed. 
 The fissure of the spleen, kidney, &c., is, also, 
 somi'times called Hilus, 
 
 HILUS, Hilum. 
 
 Hilus Liena'lis, Incisu'ra liena'lia. The 
 concave part of the spleen. 
 
 Hilus Rena'lis, Incisu'ra rena'lis. The con- 
 cave part of the kidney. 
 
 HIMANTOMA, see Himas. 
 
 HIMANTOSIS, Himas. 
 
 HIMAS, 'ifiag, 'a thong of leather.' The 
 uvula; likewise, elongatibn and extenuation of 
 the uvula. It is also called Himanto'sis, Himan- 
 to'ma. See Staphyloedema. 
 
 HIMEROS, Libido. 
 
 HIP, Haunch — h. Bone, Ischium— h. Disease, 
 Coxarum morbus — ^h. Joint, Coxofemoral arti- 
 colation — h. J?ree, Rosa canina. 
 
 HIP'PACE, 'ntnaxu, from 'mnog, ' a horse.' 
 Ca'sxus Eqwi'nus. A cheese prepared from 
 mare's milk. 
 
 HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from hnnoi, 'a horse,' 
 and av^qanoi;', ' a man.' A variety of melan- 
 choly, in which the patient believes himself 
 changed to a horse. The Greek word 'tTtnar- 
 •9j(o7io5, means the fabulous Centaur. 
 
 HIPP ASIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPEIA, Equitation. 
 
 HIPPEUSIS, Equitation. 
 
 H IPPIATER, Hippidtros, Med'icus - equa'- 
 rius. A farrier. A horse doctor. Used also 
 for one who treats the diseases of other domestic 
 animals; Veterina'rius, Mulomed'icus, Med'i- 
 cua Veterina'rius, Zoiatrus. 
 
 HIPPIATRI'A, Hippiat'rica, Hippiat'rice, 
 Medici'na equa'ria, from Unno^, 'a horse,' and 
 iaiqin.ri, 'medicine,' (F.) Hippiatrique. A sci- 
 ence, whose object is the knowledge of the dis- 
 eases of the horse. It is sometimes made to in- 
 clude other domestic animals. See Veterinary 
 art. 
 
 HIPPIATRIQUE, Hippiatria. 
 
 HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 
 HIPPO, Euphorbia coroUata — h. Indian, Gil- 
 lenia trifoliata. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPE GRANDE, Cornu am- 
 monis. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 HiPPOCAM'pus MiNOK, Pes hippoeam'pi minor, 
 Pes Jiippopot'ami minor, Unguis, Unguis Hal- 
 leri, O'crea, Collic'uhfs ea'veae posterio'ris ven- 
 triculo'rum, latera'lium, Calear'^avis, U-fi'ciJbrm 
 Em'inence, (V. )' Ergot, Eperon.^ A medullary 
 tubercle or projection, observed in the posterior 
 cornn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 HIPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HIPPOCRATES, CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
 erate — h. Sleeve, Ghansse. 
 
 HIPPOCRAT'IC, Ili.ppoerat'ieus. Relating 
 to Hippocrates, dr cotldeining his doctrine, — 
 as Rippoeratfie doctrine, Illppocratic face, &c. 
 
 HIPPOC'RATIST. A partisan of the Hip- 
 pocratic doctrine. 
 
 HIPPOGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equine. 
 
 HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patientia. 
 
 HIPPOLITHUSi Bezoard of the Horse. 
 
 HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanumsilaus. 
 
 HIPP OPATHOL'OGY, Hippopatholog"ia, 
 from 'inmc, ' a horse,' a-afl-nc, ' a disease,' and 
 Aoj-of, ' a discourse.' A knowledge of the dis- 
 eases of the horse. Pathology of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 HIPPOS, Eqnus. 
 
 HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
 
 HIPPOSTEOL'OGY, Hipposteolag"ia, from 
 'itrTroc, ' a horse,' oOTtor, ' a bone,' and Koycc, ' a 
 discourse.' Osteology of the horse. 
 
 HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia, from 'iirirot, • a 
 horse,' and tsft.vBir, ' to cut.' Anatomy of the 
 horse. 
 
 HIPPURIC ACID, see .4cid, hippuric. 
 
 HIPPU'RIS V-ULGA'RIS, from 'i^rrif, «a 
 horse,' and obg«, 'a tail.' The systematic name 
 of the Horse's Tail, Mare's Tail, Equise'- 
 turn minus^ Equise'tum, (F.) Prile, Presle, 
 AsprMe. It is an astringent, and frequently 
 used, as tea, by the vulgar, in diarrhoea and 
 hemorrhage. The same virtues are attributed 
 to the Equise'tum, arv'en'se, fliimat''ill, limo'- 
 su9n, &c. 
 
 HIPPUS, Equus, Nicta'tio, from 'i*TSf, 'a 
 horse.' A disease of the eyes, in which; from 
 birth, they perpetually twinkle, like those of a 
 man on horseback. Also, a tremulous condi- 
 tion of the iris, which occasions repeatedalter- 
 nations of contraction and dilatation of the 
 pupil ; Iridot'romus, Tremor I'ridis, 
 
 HIPS, Sax. heopa. The fruit of the dog-rose, 
 Rosa Cani'na : chiefly , used as a confection. 
 See Confectio Rosse Caninte. 
 
 B.lRClSt'M.\]^,Hircus,Hirquus,fTamhirctts, 
 'a goat.' Stinking like a goat: — applied espe- 
 cially to the odorous secretions of the axilla. 
 
 HIRCUS, Canthus (greate'r), Hircistans, Tra- 
 gus — h. Alarum, Cinabra. 
 
 HIRQUITALITAS, from hirma, < a goaitj' 
 parapho'nia pw'berum. Goat's voice. See Ego- 
 phony. 
 
 HIRQtrUS, ITtVcMi, Canthus (greater), Hit- 
 cismus. Tragus. 
 
 HIRSU'TIES, Das'yma, Das'ytes, Trieho'- 
 sis, Hirsu'ties, Hairi'ness. Growth of hairs 
 on extraneous parts, or, superfluous growth oa 
 parts; as in cases of bearded women. — Good. 
 
 HIRU'DO, The Leech, Sanguisu'eai Bdelhi. 
 In medicine, the Hiru'do Medieina'lis , Bdella 
 Medioina'lis, Medicinal Leech, (F.) SangsM, 
 is employed. In the United States H. dedora 
 is used. The leech lives in fresh water, and 
 feeds on the blood of animals, which it sucks, 
 after having pierced the skin with its three 
 sharp teeth. This habit ha;s been taken advan- 
 tage of, to produce local blood4etting. In Ap- 
 plying the leech, the part must he wiped dry; 
 and if there be difficulty in making it, a little 
 milk or cream maybe applied. When satiated, 
 it' will drop off, and by applying a little salt;ot 
 vinegar to its head it will disgorge the blood. 
 A good English leech will take about half as 
 ounce of blood, including that which flows bjr 
 fomenting the part subsequently. The Ameri- 
 can takes less. 
 
 HmuBo Aetificialis, Antlia sanguisnga— 
 h. Decora, see Hirudo — h. Medicinalis,HiTiidD. 
 
 HIRUNDINARIA, Lysimachia nummala- 
 
HIRUNDO 
 
 427 
 
 HOMOIOSIS 
 
 tllS.VWDO,Chel'idon, {iomh.ar)m'do, ' stick- 
 ing;' tecause it sticks its nests against the 
 houses. (?) The Swallow. The nests of the 
 swallow were once employed as rubefacients, 
 boiled in vinegar. 
 
 HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 HISPIDITAS, DystCEchiasts, Phalangosis. 
 
 HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum. 
 
 HISTODYAL'YSIS, from 'wxh, 'organic 
 texture,' and Ji«ii/<r<t, ' dissolution.' A morbid 
 dissolution of the tissues. 
 
 HISTOGEN'IA, HiHog"my, from 'iffTot, 
 ' the organic texture,' and y«»i<rif, ' generation.' 
 The formation and development of the organic 
 
 textures. 
 HISTOLOG"ICALj same etymon as the next^ 
 
 Relating to histology. Applied, also, at times, 
 to the natural transformations that occur in the 
 tissues in the embryo, in contradistinction to 
 morphological, which applies to the alterations 
 in the form of the several parts of the embryo. 
 
 HISTOL'OGY, from 'wTot, 'the organic tex- 
 ture,' and Xayoq, 'a description.' Anatomy 
 (general.) The term is also more particularly 
 appropriated to the minute anatomy of the tis- 
 sues. 
 
 HISTON'OMY, Ristonom'ia; from 'io-tos, 
 ' the organic texture,' and vo/toc, ' law.' The 
 aggregate of laws, which preside over the for- 
 mation and arrangement of the organic tissues. 
 
 HIS'TORY, MED'ICAL, Uisto'ria Medici'- 
 7MB. A narration of the chief circumstances, 
 and the persons connected with them, in the 
 progress of medicine. 
 
 HIST'OS, 'lo-Tot, ' the organic texture.' Tex- 
 tu'ra seu Tela organ'ica, 
 
 HISTOT'OMY, Histotom'ia, from 'io-toc, 
 ' organic texture,' and to^ij, 'incision.' Dissec- 
 tion of the tissues. 
 
 HIVE SYRUP, Syrupus scillae compositns. 
 
 HIVES, Cynanche trachealis. Varicella. 
 
 HOARSENESS, Raucedo. 
 
 HOB-NAIL LIVER, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli. 
 
 HOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens. 
 
 HOLANENCEPHA'LIA; from 'oJ=f, 'en- 
 tire,' and anencepha'lia, 'absence of brain.' 
 Entire absence of brain, — ^the same as Anen- 
 eephalia. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis. 
 
 HOLCE, 'olxri, 'a dram.'— Galen. 
 
 HOL'CIMOS,'oizi^»c,from'iixKii, 'a^'cJght.' 
 A tumour of the liver. 
 
 HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 HOLERA, Cholera. 
 
 HOLLANDS, Gin. 
 
 HOLLY, AMERICAN, Ilex opaca— h. Com- 
 mon, Ilex aquifolium — h. Uahoon, Ilex vomi- 
 tsoria — h. Ground, Pyrolamaculata — ^h. Groand, 
 Pyrola umhellata — h. Sea, Eryngium mariti- 
 mum. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK, COMMON, Alcea rosea. 
 
 HOLMICOS, Alveolus. 
 
 HOLMOS, Mortar. 
 
 HOLOCYRON, Teucrinm chamiepitys. 
 
 HOLONARCO'SIS, from '»isc, ' whoJe.'and 
 tctf xaiTic, ' stupor.' Narcosis of the whole body. 
 ^Torpefactio nnivp-rsa'lis. 
 ■ .HOLOPHLYCTIDES, PUyctsna. 
 
 HOLOSTEUM ALSINE,Alaine media. 
 
 HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
 
 HOLOTETANUS, see Tetanus. 
 
 HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus. 
 HOLOTON'ICUS, 'att, ' the whole,' and 
 ttivx, ' I stretch.' Holoton'ia. A spasm of ths 
 whole body. A variety of tetanus. — Sauvages. 
 HOL'YWELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Holywell is a town in Wales; and takes its 
 name from the famous well of St. Winifred. It 
 is a simple cold water, remarkable for iti 
 purity. 
 HOMAGRA, Omagra. 
 HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy. 
 HOMERDA, Stercus humanum. 
 HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia. 
 HOMILIA, Coition. 
 HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis. 
 HOMME, Homo. 
 
 HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man, — the chief and 
 most perfect of the mammalia; in Greek, 
 avSQoinoi;, Anthro'pos, from ova, ' upwards,' and 
 TgtTa, 'I turn,' because man, alone, of all ani- 
 mals, possesses the natural power of standing 
 erect. He is, also, the only animal whose in- 
 cisor teeth, wedged in a projecting jaw, are ab- 
 solutely vertical. Man is especially distin- 
 guished from other mammalia by the faculty, 
 which he possesses, of classing his ideas ;, com- 
 paring them with each other ; and connecting, 
 representing and transmitting them by signs 
 and articulate soundfe. He possesses, in the 
 highest degree, all the attributes of intelligence, 
 memory, judgment, and imagination. He in- 
 habits all countries, — the burning regions of th» 
 torrid zone, and the chilling atmosphere of th» 
 polar climes. In different situations!, he pre- 
 sents, in his figure, colour, and stature, differ- 
 ences, which have caused the human race to be 
 divided by naturalists into races or varieties. 
 The number of such races can only be approxi- 
 mated. Cuvier admits but three, the Caucasian, 
 Negro, Mongolian; tp these may be added the 
 American.. Every division must necessarily b* 
 arbitrary, and the individuals composing each 
 variety are far from being alike. 
 
 Homo Alatus, see Alatus — h. Fattwisj Idiot. 
 HOMOED'RUS, from eiiov, « together,' and 
 iifa, ' seat.' Having the same seat. MorU 
 homoedri: — Diseases that have the same seat. 
 HOMCEOMORPHGUS, see Homology. 
 HOMOEOPATH, Homceopathist. 
 HOM(EOPATH'IC, HomaopathHeus, Ho- 
 maop'athes. Relating to HomcEopathy. 
 
 HOMCEOP'ATHIST, Ho'maopath, Homao- 
 path'ieus, Homaopathis'ta, Homaopfathis' tea . 
 One who follows Homoeopathy. 
 
 HOMCEOP'ATHY, HoraaopatWa, Ars ho- 
 mtBopfith'ica, Homeop'athy, from 'ouotoc, 'like,' 
 and va9ot, 'affection.' A fanciful doctrine, 
 which maintains, that disordered actions in the 
 human body are to be cured by inducing other 
 disordered actions of the same kind, and this 
 to be accomplished by infinitessimally small 
 doses, often of apparently inert agents ; the de- 
 cillionth part of a grain of charcoal, for exam- 
 ple, is an authorized dose. 
 
 HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'o/totos, 'like,' and 
 ti'yoiu, 'I join together.' (F.) Soi-pour-soi. 
 The law of association of orgsms, by which liku 
 parts adhere to like parts. — Serres. 
 HOMOETHNIA, Sympathy. 
 HOMOGENESIS, see Generation. 
 HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 HOMOIO'SIS, Homio' lie, fjoip '«iU«i««, * I re- 
 
HOMOLINON 
 
 428 
 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 lemble,' ' I assimilate.' An elaboration of the 
 nutritious juice, by which it becomes proper 
 for assimilation. 
 
 HOMOLINON, see Apolinosis. 
 
 H OMOL'OGY, from '■.^t.'. U 5, ' like,' and \ oyo?, 
 ■ a description.' ' The doctrine of similar parts. 
 Thus, the two sides of the body are said to be 
 ' homologous.' Hoinol'ogousoxhoTTKzo'ffiorph'ous 
 tissues, are those that resemble others ; in op- 
 position to heterol'ogouSf ket'eroclite, or hetero' 
 tnorph'orts, which are new formations. 
 
 HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia. 
 
 HOMOPH'AGUS, from 'w^iof, 'raw,' and 
 ■payio, ' I eat.' One who eats raw flesh. 
 
 HOMOPLAS'TY.HoOTo6ya'M'o,from'o^tio5, 
 ' like,' and nXiiriru, ' I form.' The formation of 
 homologous tissues. 
 
 HOMOPLATA, Scapula. 
 
 HOMOT'ONOS, ^qua'lis, from V»s, 
 ' equal,' and nvoc, ' tone.' That which has the 
 same tone. A continued fever, whose symp- 
 toms have an equal intensity during the whole 
 course of the disease, has been so called. See 
 Acmasticos and Synocha. 
 
 HONESTY, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum. 
 
 HONEY, Mel— h. Balsam of. Hill's, see 
 Mel — h. Bloom, Apocynum androsaemifolium 
 — ^h. of Borax, Mel boracis — h. Clarified, Mel 
 despumatum — h. Prepared, Mel praeparatura — 
 h. of Roses, Mel rosae — h. of Squill, compound, 
 Syrupus Scillae Compositus. 
 
 HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
 
 HONGLANE, Coptis teeta. 
 
 HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus. 
 
 HONORARIUM, Sostrum. 
 . HONTEUX, Pudic. 
 
 HOOD WORT, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
 
 HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc, Dutch, h o e c k, 
 TXncuSjXTnci'nuSf Ane'yraj (F.) iLrigne, Airigne 
 OH £nne. An instrument, consisting of a steel 
 wire, flattened at the middle, and having the 
 extremities trooked and pointed. Some hooks 
 •are furnished with a handle at one extremity — 
 the other having one or two hooks ;^consti- 
 ttrting the single and double hook. The Hook 
 is used by anatomists and surgeons to lay hold 
 of, and raise up, certain parts, the dissection of 
 which IS delicate, or which would slip from the 
 Angers. 
 
 The Tenaculum is a variety of )he Hook. 
 
 Hook, Blunt, Ich'thyn, Ich'thye, Onyx, Un- 
 guis ferr'^ems. An ihstrument which is passed 
 over the flexures of the joints to assist In bring- 
 ing down the foetus in parturition. 
 
 HOOP TREE, Melia azedarach. 
 HOOPER'S PILLS,PiluIaB Aloes etMyrrhse. 
 HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis— h. Roche's 
 Embrocation for the, see Roche. 
 
 HOPITAL, Hospital. 
 
 HOPLOCHRIS'MA, from 'o^Kot, 'a wea- 
 pon,' and ;f j((r»i», ' salve.' Unguen'tum arma'- 
 rium, Arm'atory Vngnent. A salve which was 
 supposed to cure wounds by sympathy,— the 
 instrument with which the wound was inflicted 
 being anointed with it. 
 
 HOPLOMOCH'LION, 'orXa/jtuxxiov, from 
 '■>nXt,\i, ' a weapon,' and fio/i'i, ' a lever.' The 
 name of an iron machine or apparatus, which 
 embraced the whole body like armour. A figure 
 of it is given by Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
 
 HOP PILLOW, see Humulus lupulus— h. 
 Plant, Humulus lupulus. | 
 
 HOQUET, Singultus. 
 
 HOR^A, Menses. 
 
 HOR^OTKS, Maturity. 
 
 HORDEI MALTUM, Malt. 
 
 HORUE'OLDM, diminutive of Ho. 
 ' Barley.' Orde'olum, Pos'thia, Sclerophtkt 
 Crithe, Crithid'itn, Crythe, a Stye, a Sty a 
 OrgelM, Orgeolet. A small, inflammatc 
 mour, of the nature of a boil, which e; 
 itself near the free edge of the eyelids, pi 
 larly near the inner angle of the eye. 
 
 HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, Crithe. The 
 of Hordeum vulga'rt, or Scotch Barle 
 ranked amongst the Cerealia. (F.) Orge. 
 aflbrd a mucilaginous decoction, which i 
 ployed as a diluent and antiphlogistic, 
 seeds of the Hordeum dis'tichon and H. h 
 tichon possess similar properties. Bar 
 freed from its shells in mills ; and, at tin 
 rubbed into small, round grains, somewhi 
 pearls, when it is called Hordeum perk 
 Pearl Barley, (F.) Orge perle, and fore 
 Hordet sem'ina tu'nicis nuda'tay of the ph 
 cop(Eias,T-f/orc?eK?n (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 HoEDETjM Catjstioum, Veratruffl sabad 
 h. Galacticum, Oryza. 
 
 HORE HOUND, Marrubium- h. Black 
 lots fcEtida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupati 
 teucrifolium — h. Stinking, Ballota foetid 
 Water, Lycopus Virginicus — h. Wild, Ei 
 rium teucrifolium. 
 
 HORME, Instinct. / 
 
 HORMINUM, Salvia horminum. 
 
 HORMON, Enormon. 
 
 HORN, Cornu. 
 
 HORNSEED, Ergot. 
 
 HORNY EXCRES'CENCES, Lepid 
 Ichthyi'asis comig"era, Cor'nua tytita'nea^ 
 Comes de la peau. Certain excrescences, \ 
 occasionally form on some part of the skii 
 resemble in shape, the horns of an animal 
 
 HORRENTIA, Horripilation. 
 
 HOR'RIDA CIJTIS, Goose-sHn, Cutl 
 seri'na. A state of the skin accompanyin 
 rigor of an intermittent. 
 
 HORRIPILA'TION, Horripila'tio, He 
 Horren'tia, Pkrice, Phricas'mus, Phrici 
 Phri'cia, from horrere, ' to bristle up,' and; 
 'hair.' (F.) Horripilation, Frissonne', 
 General chilliness, preceding fever, and ac 
 panied with bristling of the hairs over the 1 
 
 HORROR, Horripilation— h. Ciborum, 
 gust for food. 
 
 HORSE BALM, CoUinsonia Canadensi 
 
 HORSE CANE, Ambrosia trifida. 
 
 HORSE CHESTNUT, ^sculushippoc 
 num. 
 
 HORSE CRUST, Crusta genu equinae. 
 
 HORSEFLYWEED, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Mor 
 coccinea and M. punctata — h. Sweet, Ci 
 mariana. 
 
 HORSE RADISH, Cochlearia armorac: 
 HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 HORSE WEED, Ambrosia trifida, Cc 
 sonia Canadensis. 
 
 HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva. 
 HORTUS, Vulva— h. Siccus, Herbariui 
 HOS PITAL.primarilyfromAo.j;;«j,'agi 
 Nosocomi'nm, AdynatocoTni'um,, Adynatodo 
 um, Xenodoce'um, Xeimdocha'itm, hifitm 
 InfirTna'rium,, Injirmato'rinm, Nosodochi 
 Valetudina'rium, (F.) H&pital. An estab 
 
HOSTIARIUS 
 
 439 
 
 HUMIDtJM NATIVUM 
 
 ment for the reception of the sick, in which 
 they are maintaineil and treated medically. 
 Hospitals were first instituted about the end 
 of the 4th century ; a period at which the word 
 lor'Kounn) was employed, for the first time, by 
 St. Jerome. They may be general, receiving 
 all cases; or special, admitting only the subjects 
 of certain diseases. 
 
 Hos'piTAL Gangeene, Fhageda'na gangra- 
 no'sa; Futrid or Malignant TJlcer, Gangra'na 
 Ifosocomio'nim.Hoa'pital Sore, Gangra'na con- 
 tagio'sa, Putre'do,(¥.) Fourriture ou Gangrhie 
 d'hopital. Gangrene, occurring in wounds or 
 uUers, in hospitals the air of which has been 
 vitiated by tiie accumulation of patients, or 
 some other circumstance. H«spital gangrene 
 —many different varieties of which are met 
 with, and always accompanied or preceded by 
 fever — commonly commences with suppression 
 of the suppuration of the wound, which be- 
 coines covered with a grayish and tenacious 
 sanies. The gangrene then manifests itself.. 
 It extends from the centre of the ulcerated sur- 
 face towards the edges; these become swollen, 
 painful, and everted; and the patient dies with 
 all the signs of typhus. The treatment must 
 be varied according to circumstances. Some- 
 times, it requires the use of stimulating, acid, 
 caustic, and antiseptic applications ; with, oc- 
 casionally, the actual cautery, aided by the ex- 
 hibition of tonics, internally:— at others, the 
 antiphlogistic regimen and emollient applica- 
 tion may be necessary. 
 
 HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 HOT SPRINGS, see Virginia, Mineral Wa- 
 ters of. 
 
 HOUBLON, Humulus lupulus. 
 
 HOUGH, Poples. 
 
 HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum. 
 JIOTTPPE NERVEUSE, see Papilla-A.rf« 
 Jtttnton, Depressor labii inferioris. Levator labii 
 intenons. 
 
 TT'?^^T?<?^^®1^0NTRACTI0N OF THE 
 l> 1 J!-RU S, see Chaton. 
 
 Q HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum tectorum- h. 
 Small, Sedum. 
 
 HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, see Knee, House 
 maid's. 
 
 HOUSE-SURGEON, Resident Surgeon. 
 usually a senior pupil or graduate, who attends 
 in an hospital, to every accident and disease, in 
 the absence of the regular physician or surgeon. 
 It answers, in the British hospitals, to the Meve 
 mterne of the French. 
 
 flora: Ilex aquifolium— A. Fetit,Hascua- 
 n. ApaCachme, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 S,Y■^S;^^^^H^' Datura sanguinea. 
 
 HUACO, Guaco. 
 
 HUANU, Guano. 
 
 SJJS?^^^^^^^'^S, see Vaccinium. 
 TVVTS^f^%^n^^fF^^'^^"^^ FOR THE 
 
 mrrJ^n? ?^f^?' ?"" ^'°'=t"^'' Myrrhs, 
 thi^m /^f f ~i -^t^*""'**' Artemisia absin- 
 t^en^tl."^^""*-''^"'^-'""' ""' Anacardium 
 
 ^■.«r^f ^ ^^Orar/CCTS (F.), Oleum aous'- 
 fto«m, Acoustic oil An oil for deafness, pre- 
 ^red of ohve ozl gij., garlic, ox-gall and L- 
 
 iTd'stkTnfd.^^' '"''" "" " """t"-^''" hour, 
 
 n™^f ^.f'^-^-^-^^^'^- 01«"m amygdala- 
 A^,' n&"'^' '^' A"«*um graveolens-A. 
 Anmale, Oleum amma.le-/i.Animale de Dippel 
 
 Oleum animale Dippelii— A. Animalisee par in'r 
 fusion, Oleum animalizatum per infusionem>— 
 h.Anis, see Pimpinella anisum— A. Aromatiqtti, 
 Oleum animalizatum per infusionem — h. d'Au- 
 ro»e, Artemisia abrotanum (oil o()—h.de Cacao, 
 Butter of cacao— A. de Carvi, Carum (oil)— A. 
 de Cedrat, Oleum cedrinum— A. de petits Chiens, 
 Oleum animalizatum per infusionem — A. d4 
 
 Corne de Cerf, Oleum animale Dippelii A. d» 
 
 Gahian, Petrolaeum— A. de Gerofle, see Eugenia 
 caryophyllata— A. de Laurier, Unguentum lau- 
 rinum— A. de Lis, see Lilium candidum — A. d* 
 Morelle,see Solanum — h.de Morue, Oleum jeci- 
 noris aselli— A. de Noix, see Juglans cinerea^ 
 h. d'(Eillette, Papaver (oil) — A. de Ricin, sec 
 Ricinus communis — A. de Succin, see Succinuro 
 —A. Verte, Balsam, green, of Metz— A. de Yin 
 douce. Oleum asthereum. 
 
 HUILES ANIMALES, Olea animalia— A. 
 Empyreumatiques, Olea empyreumatica — A. 
 JBsi«»«8e«ei,01eavolatilia — A. Fixes ou grasses, 
 Olea fixa— A. Fugaces, Olea fugacia— A. Medi- 
 cinales, Olea medicinalia— A. Volatiles, Olea 
 volatilia. . 
 
 HXIIT DE CHIFFRE. Figure of 8. A 
 bandage in which the.turns are crossed in the 
 form of the figure 8. Such is the bandage used 
 after bleeding from the arm. 
 HUTTO, Genipa oblongifolia. 
 HUtTRE, Ostrea. 
 HUM, VENOUS, Bruit de dikble. 
 HUMBLE, Rectus inferior oeuli. 
 HUMECTAN'TIA. A name formerly given 
 to drinks, which appeared to possess the pro- 
 perty of augmenting the fluidity of the blood. 
 
 HU'MERAL, Humera'lis. That which be- 
 longs to, or is connected with, the arm or hu- 
 merus. 
 
 Hu'merai. Ar'tert, Arte'ria humera'lis, sea 
 Brachial artery. 
 
 BTIMiRO-CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior— 
 A . Sus-mitacarpien, see Radialis— A . Sus-radial, 
 Supinator radii longus. 
 
 HU'MERUS, Sca'pula, Omos, Armus, (F.) 
 Epaule. The most elevated part of the arm. 
 1 he bones, which concur in forming it, are;- 
 the scapula, head of the humerus and the cla- 
 vicle, united together by strong ligaments, and 
 covered by numerous muscles. 
 
 Hu'MERUS, Os Hu'meri, Os bra'chii, Os adju- 
 to rium, Os brachia'll, Bra'chium, Lacer'tus, is 
 the cylindrical, irregular bone of the arm; th« 
 upper extremity of which has a hemispherical 
 head connected with the scapula; and two t-u- 
 herosities or tubercles, a greater and lesser, for 
 the attachment of muscles, between which is 
 the Bicip'ital groove or Fossa. At the inferior 
 extremity may be remarked — the inner condylt, 
 the outer condyle ; the small head, which is ar- 
 ticulated with the radius ; the trochlea articu- 
 lated with the ulna, &c. The humerus is de- 
 veloped by seven points of ossification: — one 
 for the body; one for the head; one for th« 
 greater tuberosity ; one for the trochlea ; one for 
 the epitrochlea; one for the epicondyle; and 
 another for the lesser head. 
 Hdmeeus Summus, Acromion. 
 HUMEUR AQUEXTSE, Aqueous humour— 
 A. Hyalotde, Corpus vitreum. 
 HtTMEJJRS FROIDES, Scrofula. 
 HTTMIDE RADICALE.Ybim.iAMm radical*. 
 HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale— h. 
 
HUMILIS 
 
 430 
 
 HYDAKTHRU3 
 
 Nativum Articulorum, Synovia — h. Primi- 
 genium, H. radicale. 
 
 Hd'midum Radica'le, Hu'midum primige'- 
 nium seu X^ati'vwm seu Semina'li; Radical 
 Moisture, (F.) Humide, radicaie. Names for- 
 merly given to the liquid which was conceived 
 to give flexibility and proper consistence to the 
 different organic textures. 
 
 HuMiDUM Seminale, H. radicale. 
 HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oculi. 
 HUMILUS, Humulus lupulus. 
 HUMORj Humour — ^h. Albugineous, Aque- 
 ous humour — h- Articularis, Synovia — h. Ce- 
 ruminous. Cerumen — ^h. Doridis, Water, sea — 
 h. Genitalis, Sperm-^h. Glacialis, Crystalline, 
 Corpus vitreum — h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloides, 
 Corpus vitreum — h. Lacteus, Milk — h. Lachry- 
 malis, Tear — h. Melancholiciis, see Mercuria- 
 lis — h. Mercurialis, see Mercurialis — h. Mor- 
 gagnianus, Morgagni, humor of — h. Ovatus, 
 Aqueous humour — h. Oviformis, Aqueous hu- 
 mour — h. Pericardii, see Pericardium — h. Puru- 
 lentus, Pus — h. Semmalis, Sperm — h. Venereus, 
 Sperm — h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum. 
 
 HU'MORAL, Humota'lis, from humere, ' to 
 moisten.' Proceeding from, or connected with, 
 the humours. 
 
 HU'MORISM, Hu'moral Pathol' ogy, Patho- 
 log"ia }vwmera'lis. A medical theory, founded 
 exclusively on the parts which the humours 
 were considered to play in the production of 
 disease. Although traces of this system may 
 be found in the most remote antiquity, the crea- 
 tion, or, at all events, the arrangement of it may 
 be attributed to Galen, who enveloped it in 
 metaphysical subtleties relating to the union 
 between the elements and the four cardinal 
 hnmoiirs. 
 
 HU'MORISTS. The Galenical physicians, 
 who attributed all diseases to the depraved state 
 of the humours, or to vicious juices collected in 
 the body. 
 
 HUMOUR, Humor, Hygra'sia, Hygre'don, 
 Hygrwm. Every fluid substance of an organized 
 body; — as the blood, chyle, lymph, &c. The 
 Humours, /v/aot, Chymi, Hujno^res, diifer con- 
 jiderably as to number and quality in the difier- 
 ent species of organized beings ; and even in 
 the same species, according to the state of health 
 or disease. The an,cients reduced them to four ; 
 which they called car'dinal humours; — the 
 blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or 
 black bile. A modern classification of the hu- 
 mours is given under Fluid. 
 
 HUMP. Perhaps from umbo, 'the boss of a 
 buckler;' ffiiracA, Gibber, Gibbus, Gibba, Tuber, 
 (F.) Sosse, A prominence, formed by a devi- 
 ation of the bones of the trunk. Commonly, it 
 is formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated 
 at the posterior or anterior part of the trunk. 
 It may, also, be produced by deviation of the 
 ribs or pelvis. The spine may be curved in 
 three principal directions. 1 . Backwards, the 
 most common case; this the ancients called 
 xDifiaiiri;^ Cypho'sis, Gibbos'itas. 3. Forwards, 
 Mi^aoK, Lordo'sis, Recurva'tio ; and, 3, Late- 
 rally, ax'.Xiwaic, Scolio'sis, Obstipa'tio. Most 
 curvatures occur at a very early age, and are 
 caused by scrofula, rickets, &c.; and, not un- 
 frequently they are accompanied by caries of 
 the vertebras. See Vertebral disease. 
 
 HU'MULUS LU'PULUS, Humulus, Con. 
 fol'vulus peren'nis; the Hop-plant. Nat. Ord. 
 
 Urticeae. (F.) Koublon, Vigne du nord. Its 
 cones or strobiles, Hu'muli strob'ili (Ph. L.j) 
 Humulus, (Ph. U. S.) have a fragrant odour; 
 and a bitter, aromatic taste, depending on a pe- 
 culiar principle, named Lu'pwlin, extractive and 
 essential oil, which may be extracted, equally 
 by water and spirit, from the dried strobiles, 
 The Hop is employed as a tonic and hypnotic, 
 and enters into the composition of ale and 
 beer. 
 
 The Hop pillow, Pulvi'nar Hu'muli, has long 
 been used for producing sleep. 
 
 HUNCH, Hump. 
 
 HUNGARIC A FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary. , 
 
 HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunseji. Fames, 
 Limos, Peine, Peina, Esu'ries, Jeju'nium, 
 Jeju'nitas, Esurif'io, Esuri'go, (F.) Faim. 
 The necessity for taking food. Hunger is an 
 internal sensation, which some authors have at- 
 tributed to the friction between the sides of the 
 stomach injts empty state ; others to the com- 
 pression of the nerves, when the organ is con- 
 tracted; others, to the action of the gastric 
 juice, &c. It is dictated by the wantis of the 
 system : farther we know not. See Appetite. 
 
 HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia. 
 
 HUNGRY, Famel'ieus, Li'micus, lAmo'dei : 
 same etymon. Affected with hunger. 
 
 HYACINTHUS MUSCARI, Bulbus vomi- 
 torius. 
 
 HYALEUS, Hyaline. 
 
 HY'ALINE, Hyali'nus, Hyale'us, Vit'rms, 
 Vit'reous. Glassy. 
 
 Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema. 
 
 HY AWTlSjInflamma'tio tu'niece hyaloidea: 
 from Hyaloid and itis, denoting inflammationi 
 Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the 
 eye. 
 
 HY'AI^OID, Hydlo'des, Hyaldi'des, from 
 'uaMif, ' glass,' and r*i5os, ' resemblance.' Vitri- 
 form ; resembling glass. 
 
 Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane. 
 
 HyALoiD Fossa, Fossa HytAdidea, is a cnp- 
 like excavation in the vitreous humour, in 
 which the crystalline is imbedded. 
 
 Hy'aloid Membkahe, Tunica Hyaloidea, 
 Membra'na ArachnoVdea, T. vit'rea, is the ex- 
 tremely delicate membrane, which forms the 
 exterior covering of the vitreous humour, and 
 transmits within it prolongations, which divide 
 it into cells. Fallopius distovered this mem- 
 brane, and gave it the name Hyaloid. Ona level 
 with the entrance of the optic nerve into the 
 eye, the hyaloid membrane has been described 
 as forming, by reflection, a cylindrical canal, 
 which pierces the vitreous humour from behind 
 to before, as far as the posterior part of the 
 crystalline. See Canal, hyaloid. 
 
 HYALONIXIS, see Cataract. 
 
 HYALONYXIS, see Cataract. 
 
 HYALOS, Vitrum. 
 
 HYANCHE, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 HYBOMA, Gibbositas. 
 
 HYBRID, (F.) Hybride, fron? the Greek, 
 'v^fi(, 'v?fi3u(, ' mongrel.' A being born of two 
 different species, — as the mule. The term is 
 applied to plants as well as to animals. It is 
 often also used to designate words which are 
 formed from two different languages, — as «ter- 
 itis, for inflammation of the uterus, in place of 
 
 HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
HYDATID 
 
 431 
 
 HYDRARGYRI 
 
 HY'DATID, Hy'datis, Bulla, Aqu'ula, By 
 dro'a, Hydroeys'tis, Hygrocys'tis, Teenia hyda- 
 tig"ena, Echinococ'cus huma'nus, from 'viaQ, 
 'water.' This name was long given to every 
 encysted tumour which contained an aqueous and 
 transparent fluid. Many pathologists, subse- 
 quently, applied it to vesicles, softer than the 
 tissue of membranes, more or less transparent, 
 which are developed within organs, but '.yith- 
 out adhering to their tissue. It is by no means 
 clear, that these formations are really entozoa. 
 They have been found in various parts of the 
 body; sometimes in the uterus, occasioning 
 signs nearly similar to those of pregnancy, but 
 being sooner or later expelled. The expulsion 
 is generally attended with more or less hemor- 
 rhage. See Acephalocystis. 
 
 Hydatis, Aqu'ula, Phlycta'nula, Verru'ca 
 Palpehra'rum,Milium,a\so, meant small, trans- 
 parent tumours of the eyelids. — Galen, C. Hof- 
 ;nann. 
 
 HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI, Nabo- 
 thi glandnlae. 
 
 HYDATIDOCE'LE, Hydatoce'li, from 'uia- 
 xii, ' hydatid,' and mixij, ' a tumour.' Osche- 
 ocele containing hydatids ; the Oscheoce'U hy- 
 dioido'sa, Hydatidoscheoce'le of Saavages. 
 
 HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIDO'MA, from 'tiiJ»Tis, 'hydatid.' 
 A tumour caused by hydatids. 
 
 HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele. 
 
 HYDATINUS, Hydatoid. 
 
 HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulosae. 
 
 HYD ATIS'MUS, from 'i/J^mg, ' water.' The 
 noise caused by the fluctuation of pus contained 
 in an abscess. — Aurelian, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATOCELE, Hydatidocele, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDATOCH'OLOS, from 'uiiag, 'water,' 
 and jfoxn, ' bile.' Apioso-Hlious. An epi- 
 thet given to evacuated matters when mixed 
 with water and bile. — Hippocrates, Foesius. 
 
 HYDATODES, Aqueous. 
 
 HY'D XTOlDjHydatoi'des, A'queous, Aqtco'- 
 sus, Hydato'des, Uydat'inus, Hydatido'des, 
 Hydatidoi'des, from 'uJ«f , ' water,' and uioi, 
 ' resemblance.' Watery. Resembling water. 
 This name has been given to the membrane of 
 the aqueous humour; and, also, to the aqueous 
 humour itself. Vinwm hydato'des; wine and 
 water. 
 
 HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema. 
 
 HYDATOPOS'IA, from 'oJad, ' water,' and 
 noaif, ' drinking.' Water-drinkiug : — hence 
 
 HYDATOP'OTES. A water-drinker. 
 
 HYDERICUS; Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERODES, Hydropic. 
 
 HYDERONCUS, Anasarca, CEdema. , 
 
 HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDOR,'u3oi5, s.ni Hydas, 'vtag, ' genitive,' 
 'uiaroc, ' water.' Hence: 
 
 HYDRACHNIS, see Varicella. 
 
 HYDRAUEN, Conglobate gland. 
 
 HYDRADENI'TIS, Inflamma'tio glandula'- 
 i-um lymphatica'rum, from Sydraden, ' a lym- 
 phatic gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of a lymphatic gland. 
 
 HYDR.«'D0S, from <vSop, 'water,' and «<- 
 ioia, ' genital organs.' (Edema of the female 
 organs. ' 
 
 HYDREMIA, HydroEemia. 
 
 HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGXA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 H Y'DRA G O G U E S, Hydrdgo'ga, ■ Hydra- 
 go'gia, Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica, Hydrot'ica, 
 Aguid'uca, from 'uSot^, ' water,' and aya, ' I 
 expel.' Medicines, believed to be capable of ex- 
 pelling serum effused into any part of the body. 
 These are generally cathartics or diuretics. 
 
 HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras. 
 
 HYDRALLANTE, False Waters. , 
 
 HYDRAM'NIOS from 'viag, ' water,' and 
 ' amnios.' An excessive quantity of the liquor 
 amnii. 
 
 HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 HYURANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 H YDRANGIOGRAPH lA, Angeiohydrogra- 
 phy. 
 
 HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy. 
 
 HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrargy- 
 rentrip'sis, from 'uJ^n jyugof , ' quicksilver,' and 
 avoTjii/'ic, 'rubbing in.' The rubbing in of a 
 preparation of quicksilver: — Hydrargyrotrip'- 
 sis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana- 
 tripsis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRI AC ETAS, Hydrargyrus 
 acetatus — h. Bichloridum,H. oyxmurias — h. Bi- 
 cyanidum, H. cyanuretum— h. Biniodidum, H. 
 iodidum rubrum — h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum ru- 
 brum — h. Bisulphuretum, H. sulphuretum ru- 
 brum — ^h. Bofussias, H. cyanuretum — h. Bra- 
 midum, see Bromine^-h. Calx alba. Hydrargy- 
 rum prascipitatum — ^h. Chloridum, H. submurias 
 — h. Chloridum corrosivum, H. oxymurias — h. 
 Chloridum mite, H . submurias. 
 
 Hydrar'gtei Cyanure'tum, H. Borus' sias, 
 H. Bicyan'idum, Hydrar' gyrwm Cyanogena'~ 
 turn, H. Hydrocyan'icum, Prussias Hydrar'- 
 gyri, Cyan'uret or Prussiate of Mercury, (F.) 
 Cyanure de Mercure {Ferri Ferro-eyanuret. 
 §iv; Hydrarg. oaAd. ruhr. ,^iij, vel q. s.; Aqua 
 destillut. Oiij. Put the ferro-cyanuret and 
 three ounces of the oxide of mercury, previously 
 powdered and thoroaghly mixed together, into 
 a glass vessel, and pour on two pints of the dis- 
 tilled water. Boil the mixture, stirring con- 
 stantly! and if, at the end of half an hour, the 
 blue colour remains, add small portions of the 
 oxide of mercury, continuing the ebullition until 
 the mixture becomes of a yellowish colour! 
 then filter through paper. Wash the residue in 
 a pint of the distilled water, and filter. Mix 
 the solution and evaporate till a pellicle appears, 
 and set the liquor aside, that crystals may form. 
 To purify the crystals, subject it to re-solution, 
 evaporation, and crystallization. — Ph. U. S.) 
 This preparation has been strongly recom- 
 mended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and is ad- 
 mitted into the Parisian codex. Twelve to 
 twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart 
 of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls 
 of the solution be taken daily, in a glass of any 
 appropriate liquid. 
 
 Hydrargyri Deuto-iodueettjm, see Iodine 
 — h. Hyperoxodes, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Io'didum, I'odide or Proti'odide 
 of Mercury, (F.) Ptotiodicre de Mercure, (Hy- 
 drarg. gj, lodin. gv. Alcohol q. ». Rub the Mer- 
 cury and Iodine together, adding suflicient alco- 
 hol to form a soft paste, and continue the tritura- 
 tion till the globules disappear. Dry the Iodide 
 in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a 
 well stopped bottle, the light excluded.^ — Ph. 
 0. S.) For properties and doses, see Iodine. 
 
 Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, U. Biniod'- 
 
HYDRARGYKI 
 
 433 
 
 HYDRARGYKI 
 
 idum. Red I'odide, Bini'odida, Deuti'odide and 
 Peri'odide of Mercftry, (F, ) Deuti'ddure de Mer- ' 
 C't.re, (H^drarg, corros^ chlorid. ^j ; Pptassii 
 lodid. 3jx, aquce destillat. Oij'. Dissolve the 
 chloride in a pint and a half, and* the iodide of 
 potassium in half a pint of distilled water, and 
 mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a 
 filter, and having washed it with distilled water, 
 dry it with a moderate heat, and keep it in a 
 well stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) For properties 
 and doses, see Iodine. 
 
 H,TDaAEGTH.I MuRIAS BASI OxYDI IMPEEFEC- 
 
 Ti, H. oxymurias — h. Murias corrosivum, H. 
 oxymurias — h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, H. 
 submurias — h. Oxygenatus, R.-Oxymurias— h. 
 Murias spirituosus liquidus, Liquor hydrargyri 
 oxymuriatis— h. Murias suboxygenatus prasci- 
 pitatione paratus. Hydrargyrum precipitatum. 
 
 HynaARSYEi Niteas, Nitras Hydrar'gyri in 
 vrystallos coTicre'tus, Nitrate of Mercury, It 
 is employed in syphilis; and, externally, in 
 fungous, obstinate ulcers. 
 
 It is use4 in the formation of the Soluble 
 Mercury of Hahnemann. 
 
 Ward's While Drops, — a once celebrated, 
 antiscorbutic nostrum, — were prepared by dis- 
 solving mercury in 7iitric acid, and adding a so- 
 lution of carbonate of ammonia ; or, 'frequently, 
 they consisted of a solution of sublimate with car- 
 honate of ammonia* 
 
 HYDaAEGYRi Ni'trico-oxyddm, Hydrargy- 
 rUiS nitra'tus ruber, Mercu'rius corrosi' vus ru- 
 ber^ Metcurius prtzcipita/tus corrosi' vus, M, 
 prcecipita'ius ruber, A rca'nwm coralli'nimi, Mer- 
 curiics coralli'nns, Pul'vis prin'ci-pis, FrtBcipi- 
 ta'tus ruber, Ox'ydum hydrar'gyri comple'twm, 
 O, hydrargyr'icum, Panace'a mercu*rii rubra, 
 Pulvis Joan'nis de Vigo, Oxo'des hydrargyri 
 rubrum, Hyperoxo' des hydrajgyri, Ox'ydum hy- 
 drar'gyri nitWicitm, Oxydum, hydrargyri rU' 
 brum, per ac"idum nit'ricwm, Hydrar'gyri oxy- 
 dum, rubrwm, (Ph. U. S.) Nitric oxide of 'mer- 
 cury. Red precip'itate, XF.) Oxide nitrique de 
 mercure. (Hydrarg. gxxxvj; Acid, nitric, f. 
 Jxiv ; AqucB Oij. Dissolve the mercury, with a 
 gentle heat, in the acid and water previously 
 mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub into 
 powder, and heat in a very shallow vessel till red 
 vapours cease to rise. — Ph. U. S.) It is a 
 stimulant and escharotic, and used as such in 
 foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine 
 powder, or united with lard into an ointment. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxodes Rubrum, Hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxydi murias ammoniacalis 
 Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — h. Oxydulum ni- 
 grum, H. Oxydum cinereund. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Cine'reum, Oxydum 
 hydrargyri nigrum, ^thiops per se, Mercu'- 
 rina niger Mosca'ti, Oa^ydum hydrargyro atcTn, 
 Oxydum hydrariryr'icum pritcipita'tum, Oxyd'- 
 ulum hydrar'gyri nigrum, Pulvis mercuria'lis 
 cine'reus, Merciirius cine'reus, Turpe'thnm ni- 
 ffrwm, Mercurins pra^cipita'tus niger, Gray or 
 black oxide of Mercury, (F.) Oxide de •mercure 
 oendre. Oxide gris ou Tioir de Tnercure, Pro- 
 toxide de mercure. This oxide is made in va- 
 rious ways. It may be formed by boiling sub- 
 muriate of mercury in lime water. The dose 
 of this Pulvis Hydrargyri cineretis is from 
 two to ten grains. There are four other prepa- 
 rations of it in estimation, viz:— Plenei's solu- 
 tion, made by rubbing mercury with mucilage. 
 2. By rubbing equal parts of sugar ahd mercury 
 
 together. 3. A Compound of honey or liquorice 
 and purified mercury. 4. The blue pill and 
 ointment. All these possess the usual proper- 
 ties of mercury. , 
 
 The Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum of the Ph. 
 U. S. is made as toWo^s-.^Hydrarg. Chlorid. 
 mit,, Potasix aa, _§iv, Aqnse Oj. Dissolve 
 the Potassa in the water, allow the dregs to 
 subside, and pour oif the clear solution. To 
 this add the chloride, and stir constantly till 
 the black oxide is formed. Pour off the super- 
 natant liquor, wash the black oxide with dis- 
 tilled virater, and dry with a gentle heat. 
 - The Mercurius solu'bilis of 1 lahnemann is 
 formed from a black oxide of ' Meicury . It ia 
 the Mercuj-ius solu'bilis Ha.hnem,an'ni seUo^y- 
 dum. hydrargyri nigri median'te ammo'nid ex 
 protonitra'te hydrar'gyri prcecipita'tum. It is - 
 used in the same cases as the Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum cinereum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum H. oxydum 
 cinereum — h, Oxydum nigrum mediante am- 
 monia et protonitrate hydrargyri prsecipitatum, 
 see H . oxydum cinereum — h. Oxydum nitri- 
 cum, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum, H. Einox'- 
 ydum, Mereitrius - caleina'tus, Hydra/r'gyrus 
 Calciiiatus, (F.) Oxide de mercure rouge. Red 
 oxide of mer'cury. (Made by precipitation 
 from a solution of bichloride of mercury by so- 
 lution of potassa.) 
 
 It is stimulant and escharotic ; and, in large 
 doses emetic. Owing to the violence of its 
 operation it is seldom given internally. 
 
 Htdkaegyri Oxydum Rubrum per Acidum 
 NiTEicuM, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum— h. 0;:- 
 ydum saccharatum. Hydrargyrum saccharatum 
 — h. Oxydum sulphuricum, Hydrargyrus vitrio- 
 latus. 
 
 Hydrargyri Oxymd'rias, H. Chlo'riiitm 
 Corrosi'ijum, H. Bichlo'ridum, ( Ph. U. S. ) 
 Hydrar'gyrtts muria'tus, MvJrias hydrargyri 
 corrosi'vus, Murias hydrargyri oxygena'tuf, 
 SubHma'tus corrosivus, Mercurius corrosivum, 
 Mercurius corrosivus sublima'tus, Hydrargyri 
 perm>u'rias, Supermu'rias hydrargyri, Marias 
 hydrargyri basi oxydi imperfec'ti, Murias hy- 
 drargyri corrosivum, (F.) Deutocklortire de 
 •mercure. Bichloride de mercure, Mwriate oaij- 
 gene de Mercure, Subli'me corrosif; Bichlo'ride 
 of •mercury, Oxymuri-ate of mercury, Corronve 
 sublimate. Corrosive muriate of mercury, (ffy- 
 drarg. ffiij. Acid. Sulphur .'^\\\. Sodii Chlorid. 
 Ibiss. Boil the mercury with the sulphuric 
 acid until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. 
 Rub this, when cold, with the chloride of 
 sodium, in an earthenware mortar ; then sub- 
 lime with a gradually increasing heat.— Ph. 
 U. S.) It is used as an antisyphilitic stimulant 
 in venereal complaints; old cutaneous affections, 
 &c. Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in 
 venereal sore throats, or an injection in go- 
 norrhoea. Externally, it is applied in cases of 
 tetter, and to destroy fungus, or stimulate old 
 ulcers. Dose, gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-8 in pill, once 
 in twenty-four, hours. White of egg- is the best 
 antidote to it, when taken in an overdose. 
 
 Hydrargyri Permurias, Hydraisgyxi oxy- 
 murias — h. Proto-ioduretum, see Iodine — h. 
 Proto-tartras, H. tartras — h. Prussias, H. cya- 
 nuretum— h. Saccharum vermifugum. Hydrar- 
 gyrum saccharatum. 
 
 Hydrargyri Submu'rias, H. Chlor'idum, 
 
HYDRARGYRl 
 
 433 
 
 HYDRARGYRUM 
 
 S. C&lo'ridum mitS, Calovi'elas, Calom'tli, 
 Hy^rar'gyrum muriat'icum miti, C. Torqueti, 
 Draco mitiga'tus,Stiimu'rias hydrargyri mitis, 
 ■Sufymu'rias Hydrargyri sicblima'tum^ Merctc'- 
 rius duicisjM.duleis suilima'ttts; — when preci- 
 pitated, M. dulcis precipita'tus^ — Fanuce'a Mer- 
 curia'lis (when nine times sublimed,) Murias 
 hydrargyri dulcis sublima'tuSi Me^curius suh~ 
 limatus dulcis, Merou'rias Zo'ticns Hartmunni, 
 Aq'uila, Manna Metallo'rum, Parichymago'- 
 gum minera'le, P. Querceta'nus, mild Chloride, 
 proio-chloride, suhmuriate and mild Muriate of 
 Mercury, Cal'omel, (F.) Mercure douz, Proto- 
 Morure de mercure. Mild chloride of Mer- 
 cury is thus directed to be prepared in the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the United States. Mercury, ffiiv; 
 Sulphuric Acid, ftiij ; Chloride of Sodium,, ttiiss ; 
 Distilled water, a sufficient quantity. Boil two 
 pounds of the mercury with the sulphuric acid, 
 until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. Rub 
 this, when cold, with the remainder of the mer- 
 cury, in an earthenware mortar, until they are 
 thoroughly mixed. Then add the chloride of 
 sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients 
 till all tlie globules disappear : afterwards sub- 
 lime. Reduce the sublimed matter to a very 
 fine powder, and wash it frequently with boil- 
 ing distilled water, till the washings aiford no 
 precipitate upon the addition of liquid ammo- 
 nisB ; then dry it. Properties. Antisyphilitic 
 and sialagogue ; in large doses, purgative. Dose, 
 one or two grains given at night gradually ex- 
 cite ptyalism. Gr. v to xx, purge. Children 
 bear larger doses than adults. 
 
 The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra, 
 is formed of calomel, gij, Lime water, Oj. Used 
 for syphilitic sores. 
 
 Hydeaegtei Submukias Ammoniatum, Hy- 
 drargyrum prfficipitatura—h. Subsulphas flavus, 
 Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — h. Subsulphas peroxi- 
 dati, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — ^h. Sulphas, Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriolatus, H. S. flavus, Hydrargy, 
 rus vitriolatus. 
 
 Htdeargyei Sulphuee'tum Nigrum, H. 
 sulphure'tum cum sul'phurf, Hydrargyrus vel 
 menurius cum sul'phurl, Mthiops minera'lis, 
 ftydrargyrns e sul'phure, Pulvis hypnot'icus, 
 Mthiojis narcot'icus, (F.) Sulfure de mercure 
 noir. Black sulphuret of mercury, Sulphuret of 
 mercury with sulphur, j^thiops mineral. ( lly- 
 drarg.. Sulphur aa fej. Rub together till the 
 globules disappear.) Used chiefly in scrofulous 
 and cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. x. to srss. 
 
 . HyDEABGTEI StJLPHUEE'TtJM RuBBBM, H.Bi- 
 
 mlphiiretum,, Hydrargyrus sulphttra'tus ruber, 
 Min'ium purnm. Minium Graeo'rum, Magnes 
 Epilep'six, Ammiim, Purpuris'sum, Cinnab'a- 
 ns, Mercurius Cinnabari'nns, Cinab'aris, Cina- 
 ba'rium, Bisulphuret or Red Sulphnret of Mer- 
 cury, Cin'nabar, Vermil'ion, (F.) Sulphure de 
 Mercure rouge, Cinabre. {Hydrarg.J^xl; Sul- 
 phur,^vnj. Mix the mercury with the sulphur 
 melted over the fire ; and as soon as the mass 
 begins to swell remove the vessel from the fire 
 and cover it with considerable force to prevent 
 combustion. Rub the mass into powder anil 
 sublime. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is an antisyphilitic, but is chiefly used in 
 fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose 
 mouth and throat; — ,5ss being thrown on a red- 
 hot iron. This preparation is the basis of a 
 nostrum, called Boerhaave's Red Pill. 
 
 Hydkaegyei Sdpeemueias, H. oxymurias. 
 
 HrDEAEGTEi Taetbas, H. Proto -tartroi, 
 Tartrate of mercury. Antisyphilitic. Dose, 
 one or two grains twice a day. 
 
 Hydeaegyei et Aesenioi Iodidum, Arsenic 
 and Mercury^ iodide of. 
 
 Hydear'gyei et Qui'ni;e Peoto-chlo'eidum, 
 Protochloride of Mercury and Quinia. A com- 
 bination of inild chloride of mercury and qui- 
 nia, lately administered in obstinate cutaneous 
 diseases. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale. 
 
 H YDR ARGYRI'ASIS, flyrfrsrg'y ro'*»>, ilfer- 
 curialis'mus, from 'u/Sfafyvfte, 'mercury.' A 
 disease induced by the use of mercury ; Morbut 
 Mbrcuria'lis, Poisoning by mercury. Eczema 
 mercuriale. 
 
 HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial. 
 
 HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, 
 Hydrargyriasis. 
 
 HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Sali- 
 vation, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial. 
 
 H YDRARGYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana- 
 tripsis. 
 
 HYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar'gyrus, from 
 'uifuj, ' water,' and ajjujo;, 'silver;' Mereu'- 
 rius, Argentum vivum, A. mo'biU, A. fusum, 
 A, fugiti'vuTn, A. liq'nidum, Missad'dn, Fumus 
 albus. Area arcano'rum.Dce'dalus, Mater Ttietal- 
 lo'rum. Mercury, Quicksilver, (F.) Mercure, M. 
 cru, Vif Argent. A fluid, brilliant metal; of a 
 slightly bluish white colour ; fluid above— 39° of 
 Fahr. and under 656°. S. g., when liquid, 13.568 
 (Cavendish;) easily oxydized. Metallic quick- 
 silver does not act on the body, even when taken 
 into the stomach. When oxydized and combined 
 with acids, it acts powerfully. It has been 
 exhibited in cases of constriction of the bowels 
 and in intussusception, from a notion that it 
 must certainly pass through the bowels by its 
 gravity. The water, in which mercury has 
 been boiled, has been recommended as a vermi- 
 fuge; but it probably enjoys no such property, 
 as chemical tests do not exhibit the presence of 
 the met^l. When the crude metal is distilled 
 in an iron retort, it forms the Hydrar'gyrum 
 purifica'tum. 
 
 H YORAEG YKUM AmmoNIATO-MuKIATICUM, H. 
 
 praecipitatum— h. Cyanogenatum, Hydrargyri 
 cyanuretum. 
 
 Hydraegyeum cum Creta (Ph. U. S.), Hy- 
 drargyrus cum creta, Mercurius alhalisa'tus. 
 Mercury with chalk, (F.) Mercure avec la craie, 
 M'thiops alcalisa'tus. (Hydrarg. ,^iij: Cretse 
 praparat. ^v. Rub them together till the glo- 
 bules disappear. Ph. U. S.) A protbxide of 
 mercury, formed by trituration with carbonate 
 of lime. It is somewhat uncertain; and conse- 
 quently not much employed as a mercurial. It 
 possesses the properties of the black oxide of 
 mercury, and may be advantageously exhibited 
 in cases of diarrhoea in children, dependent upon 
 acidity and vitiated secretions. Dose, gr. v 
 to ,5ss, twice a day, in any viscid substance. 
 
 Hydraegyeum cum Magne'sia of the Dub- 
 lin Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties. 
 
 Hydrargyrum H YDROcYANicuM.Hydrargyri 
 cyanuretum — h. lodatum, see Iodine — h. loda- 
 tum flavum, see Iodine — h. lodatum rubrum 
 see Iodine— h. lodidulatum, see Iodine — h. Mu- 
 riaticum Mite, Hydrargyri submurias^h. Pe- 
 riodatum, see Iodine. 
 
 Hydraegyeum Pe^cipita'tum, ^ if. ammo- 
 
HYDRARGYRUS 
 
 434 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALOCELE 
 
 nic^ ttvm^ (Ph. TJ. ^.yHydrargyrum wmtnonia'- 
 to-muriat'ieum, Hydrar'gyri ammo'nio-ehlo'ri 
 dum, Mercurius cosmet'icas, Mu'rias oaAdihy 
 drargyri ammoniana'lis , Submu'rids ammoni'' 
 acohydrargyr'icus, Calm Hy drargyri alba, Sub- 
 mu'rias Hydrargyri ammoniatum, S. H. Prsb 
 eipitc^tum, Marias hydrargyri siib-oxygena'- 
 ttis praeipitatio'nl para'tus, Prtedpita'tum 
 ■album,, Ammo'nig-chloride of Mercury, WJdte 
 precip'itate of Mercury, White precipitate, Cal- 
 dna'tum majus Pote'rii, (F .) SousTmuriate de 
 merc7ire preeipite on Precipite blana. (Hydrarg 
 chlorid. eorros. gvj, aquse destillat. Cong., Li 
 guar ammonim f. ,^viij. Dissolve the chloride 
 in the water, with the aid of heat, and to the 
 solution, when cold, add the solution of ammo- 
 nia, frequently stirring. Wash the precipitate 
 till it is tasteless, and dry it.— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and 
 ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used in 
 powder, to destroy vermin; and, united with 
 lard, for the same purpose, as well as in scabies 
 and some other cutaneous affections. 
 
 Hydrargyrum SAOCHARA'TnM,^'tAzoy* saC' 
 ehara'tus^ Mercu'rius sacchara'tus, Ox'idum 
 hydrargyri sacchara'tii/m, Sac'charwni hydrar- 
 gyri vermiftigum. A mild mercurial formula 
 in several of the Pharmacopceias of continental 
 Europe; formed by triturating one part oimer- 
 miry with two of white sugar. It is used in 
 the venereal affections of children. 
 
 HYDRARGYRUS, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Aceta'ius, Sperma mercu'rii. 
 Terra foUa'ta Tnerfncrii, Mercurius accta'tuSj 
 Hydrargyri Aci'tas, Acetas vel Proto-ace'tas 
 Hydrargyfi, A&'etate of Tnercury. This was 
 the basis of Key ser' s pills , and was once much 
 celebrated in the cure of the venereal disease. 
 The dose is from three to five grains, but it is 
 not much used. 
 
 The formula for Key ser' s anti-venereal pills 
 was as follows: Hydrarg. Acet. ,^jv, Mannee 
 .5xxx, J9myl. ,^ij, Mitc. G. Trag. q. s. into pills 
 of gr. vj. each. Dose, two pills. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Caloinatus, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum rubrum — h. cum CretS, Hydrargyrum cum 
 cret^ — h. Muriatis, Hydrargyri oxymurias — h, 
 Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus, PKosphuret'- 
 ted mercury. This preparation has been re- 
 commended in cases of inveterate venereal 
 ulcers, but is now scarcely used. 
 
 Hydrargyrus Sulphuratus Ruber, Hydrar- 
 ayri sulphuretum rubrum — h. cum Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum— h. e Sulphure, 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
 
 Hydrargyp-us Vitriola'tus, Tiirpe'thum mi- 
 nera'le, Mercurius emet'icus flavus. Calx mer- 
 carii vitriola'ta, Mercurius caus'ticus flavus, 
 M. lu'teus, Hydrargyri sulphas, H. S. flavus 
 (Ph. V. S.), Siibsulpkas Hydrargyri flavus, Ox- 
 l/dum hydrargyri sulphu'ricum, Subsul'phas 
 hydrargyri peroxida'ti, Turbith min'eral, (P.) 
 Sous-snlfate de mercure ou turbith mineral. 
 (Hydrarg. giv. Acid. Sulpk. ,^vj. Mix in a 
 glass vessel and boil in a sand bathtill a, dry 
 white mass remains. Rub this into powder, 
 and throw it into boiling water. Pour off the 
 liquor, and wash the yellow precipitated pow- 
 der repeatedly with hot water ; then dry it — 
 Ph. TT. S.) two grains of this mercurial act 
 on the stomach violently. It is sometimes re- 
 commended as an errhine in amaurosis. 
 
 HYDRARTHRON, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
 
 HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydartkrus, Hydrar'- 
 thrus synovia'iis. Hydrops articulo'rum,, Hy- 
 drarthron,JHydrar'tkros,Melice'ria,Spinavento'- 
 sa of Rhazes and Avicenna, .Irthri'tis Hydrar'- 
 thros, Hydarthrosis, Hydrarthro'sis, Emmyas'- 
 iumarticula're, Tumor albus ; — White swelling ; 
 from 'uifiuj, ' water,' and ugitjor, 'a joint.' (F.) 
 Tumeur blanche, T. lymphatique des articula- 
 tions, the French surgeons apply the term 
 Hydrarthrus to dropsy of the articulations. 
 White swelling is an extremely formidable dis- 
 ease. It may attack any one of the joints; but 
 is most commonly met with in the knee, the 
 haunch, the foot, the elbow, and generally oc- 
 curs in scrofulous children. It consists, at 
 times, in tumefaction, and softening of the soft 
 parts and ligaments, which surround the joints ; 
 at others, in swelling and caries of the articular 
 extremities of bones ; or both these states may 
 exist at the same time. The treatment consiste 
 in the employment of counter-irritants ; the use 
 of iodine internally and externally, &c. Also, 
 Synovia. ' 
 
 HYDRAS'PISEXPAN'SA,C!»-eat/m*«flt«- 
 Tortoise. On the sandy banks of rivers in Pe- 
 ru this aninaal buries its eggs, from which the 
 Indians extract oil. Its flesh supplies well fla- 
 voured food. — Tschudi. 
 
 HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis. 
 
 Hydras'tis CAnaden'sis, Hydrastis, Wame'- 
 ra Canaden'sis, Hydrophyll'um verv/m, Yellow 
 Root) Orange JRoot^ Yellow Puccoon^ Ground 
 Rasp'berry, Yellow Paint, Golden Seal, In'- 
 dian paint, Eyebalm. It is used in Kentucky 
 as a " mouth water," and as an outward appli- 
 cation in wounds and local inflammations. 
 
 UYDKEIjM'ON,Hydrols'um,ftom'i)iaf,<vi!i- 
 ter,' and fhaiov, 'oil.' A mixturt of watferandoil. 
 
 HYDRELYTRON, see Hydroeele. , 
 
 HYDREMA, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. ' 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE, Hydrocephalo- 
 ce'le, from 'ujuj, 'water,' syxefaXot, 'theence- 
 phalon,' and zijmj, 'rupture, protrusion.' A 
 monstrosity in which there is a fissure of the 
 cranium, the integument of the head being pre- 
 sent, and forming a hernial sac in which the 
 brain lies outside the skull — the sac containing 
 a large quantity of serous fluid. Also, Hydro- 
 cephalus chronicus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from '»J»5, 'wa- 
 ter,' lyxeqiaiMc, ' the brain,' and iit'!, 'resem- 
 blance.' Resemblingbydrencephalus. Hydreii- 
 ceph'aloid disease, Spu'rious hydroeeph'diis, 
 Paeudo-encephali'tis. Disorders of the bowels, 
 and exhaustion in children, are at times attended 
 with hydrencephaloid symptoms. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDRENTEROCE'LE, hom'uSmi,' water,' 
 ttit^br, ' intestine,' and xnlri, ' a tumour.' In- 
 testmal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid. 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydten- 
 terom' phalus, from 'uSm^,' water,' i^ttgoi, ' iiA^i- 
 tine.' 0|K9aJos, ' umbilicus,' and kij^h, 'rUptute.' 
 Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the 
 sac. 
 
HYDRENTEROMPHALUS 
 
 435 
 
 HYDROCEPHALUS 
 
 HYDRENTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom- 
 T^alocele. 
 
 HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites. ' 
 
 HYDREPIPLOCE'LE, from 'uJo.;, 'water,' 
 '.Timuoi', 'omentum,' and »»\)i, 'rupture.' 
 Omental hernia, with water in the sac. 
 
 HYDREPIPLOM'PHALUS, Hydrepiphm- 
 phdlocefll,iiom'iiiot^,' water,' tni'rioov,' omen- 
 tum*,' and 0|ii<f«Aof, 'umbilicus.' Umbilical 
 hernia, with omentum and water in the sac. 
 
 HYDRETRUM, Ascites. 
 
 HYDRIASIS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATER, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYDRIATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATRICA ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic. 
 
 HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see Potassae hy- 
 driodas. 
 
 HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic. 
 
 HYDRO'A, Hidro'a, Aqu'ula, Boa, Planta 
 noetis, from 'uSaig, ' water.' An euSeetion, which 
 consists in an accumulation of water or serous 
 fluid under the epidermis. Some have used 
 hydro'a synonymously with sudamina ; others 
 with pemphigus. In the first case, it has ge- 
 nerally, however, been written hidro'a, from 
 '/(fjiut, ' sweat,' and in the latter hydro'a. See 
 Hydatid. 
 
 HYDRO^'MIA, Hydrse'mia; from 'ufcj, 
 'water,' and 'ai/za, 'blood.' Anaemia. Thestate 
 of the blood in which the watery constituents are 
 in excess. 
 
 HYDROAEROPLEXJRIE, Hydropneumo- 
 thorax. 
 
 HYDROA'RION, Hydrooph'oron, Hydroa'- 
 rtttfn, Hydrodva'riu-m, Hy'drops ova'rii, Asci*tes 
 ovarii, A, jtacca'tns,(F.) Hydropisie de I'ovaire, 
 from 'aSm^, 'water,' and mit^iov, 'ovarium.' 
 Dropsy of the ovarium. 
 
 HYDROATA, Sudamina. 
 
 HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drops Pal'pe- 
 hrx, BlephartBde'ma aquo'sttm, (Ede'tria palpe- 
 bra'riim. An cedema or watery swelling of 
 the eyelids; from 'vimq, 'water,' and (SxsifBjor, 
 ' eyelid.' 
 
 HYDROCARDIA, Hydropericardium, see 
 Pericardium. 
 
 HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS,ify<?™Mter- 
 rhoph'ia, from 'vto^f, 'water,' and tLaTafgnifnv, 
 ' to sip up.' Absorption of water from without. 
 
 HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti, H. testicu- 
 lo'rum, Hydroscheoce'll, Hydatoce'le, Hydros'- 
 chevm, Hydror'chis, Hydroscheonie, (Alibert,) 
 from 'oJiiij, 'water,' and mja);, 'a tumour.' A 
 collection of serous fluid in t^e cellular texture 
 of the scrotum or in some of the coverings, 
 either of the testicle or spermatic cord. To the 
 first of these varieties the names — External 
 Hydrocele, H. asdemato'des, ( F.) if. par infiltra- 
 tion have been given ; and to the second, those 
 of Hydroce'le inter'na, ti, tu'nicae vagina'lis 
 tes'ds, Hydrel'ytron, (F.) H, par ipanehement. 
 When the collection occurs in the envelope of 
 the testicle, it is called H. of the tunica vagi- 
 nalis ; and the epithet congenital is added, when 
 the interior of the membrane, in which it is Bii 
 tuate, still communicates freely with the cavity 
 of the abdomeni When it exists in the sper- 
 matic cord, it is called encysted, or diffused 
 Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may 
 be. The tumour of the distended scrotum is 
 
 oblong : greater below than above 5 indolent and 
 semi-transparent. When it becomes inconve- 
 niently large, the fluid may be evacuated by 
 puncturing with a trocar, but, as the fluid col- 
 lects again, this operation can only be consi- 
 dered palliative. The radical cure consists, 
 usually, in injecting, through the canula of the 
 trpcar, which has been left in, after puncturing, 
 some irritating liquid, as wine. This is kept 
 in the tunica vaginalis for a few minutes, and 
 then withdrawn. The coat inflames ; adhesion 
 takes place, and the cavity is obliterated. 
 
 Hydkocele PEEiTONffii, Ascites — h. Spinalis, 
 Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDROCENO'SIS,from <v}o<q, 'water,' and 
 KivmfK, ' evacuation.' The evacuation of water 
 morbidly accumulated in the body. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 UrDROCAPHALE AIGVE, Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 
 HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 llYDROCEPHALOCELE, Hydrencephalo- 
 
 HYDROCEPHALOECTASIE, Hydroce- 
 phalus chronicus. 
 
 HYDROCEPH'ALUS, Hydroeeph'alum,Hy 
 drocra'nia, Hydrocra'niwm, Hydrocephal'ium, 
 Hydroceph'ale, Hydrops Cap'itis, H. Cer'ehn, 
 from 'uJiuj, 'water,' and xe<f<tXrt, 'the head.' 
 Water in the head. Dropsy of the head, Dropsy 
 of the brain. A collection of water within the 
 head. It may be internal or external. 
 
 Hybeooephalus. Aotitds, H. internus — h. 
 Acutus senum. Apoplexy, serous — h. Externus, 
 H. chronicus — h. Meningeus, H. internus. ' 
 
 Hydeocephalus CHitow/icns, Hydrencepha- 
 loce'le. Hydrops Cap'itis, Hydrocephalus . exter- 
 nus, (F.) Hydrocephale, Mydroeephaloeetasie, of 
 some, commonly commences at an early period 
 of existence, and the accumulation of fluid gra- 
 dually produces distension of the brain, and of 
 the skull, with separation of the sutures. It 
 commonly proves fatal before puberty. 
 
 Hydeocephalus Exteehtjs, (Ede'ma cap'itis, 
 Cephalmde'ma, of some is a mere infiltration 
 into the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cra- 
 nium. 
 
 Hydeocephalus Imtee'nus, Hydroeeph'al'us 
 acu'tus, H. Tfuininge'us, Hydrops cer'ebri, Ence- 
 phaZal'gia hydrop'iea, Encephali'tis exsudato'- 
 ria, Encephali'tis seu Meningi'tis Infan'tum, 
 Morbus rerebra'lis Whyt'tii, En'tero-cephalop - 
 yra Infan'tum, Hydrophlogo' sis Ventriculo'- 
 rum cer'ebri, Enc^halbeh'ysis, Phrenic'nlahy- 
 drobephal'icayHydreneeph'ahtSjHydrencephaW- 
 tis, Hydfenceph'al'ium, Hydrocephali'tis, Hy<- 
 droTneningi'tis, Febris HydrocephaVica, Apo- 
 plealia hydraeephid'ica, Carus hydroeeph'alus. 
 Water Brain Fever, {¥.) Hydrocephale aigu'e, 
 Fiivre cereirale des Enfans, is generally seated, 
 iceording to modern observers, in the meninges 
 and surface of the encephalon, and is a tuber'- 
 cular meningi'tis, Meningi'tis tubercuio'sa, En- 
 cephalostrumo'sis, (P.) Meningite tuberj>uleuse 
 ou gtanuleuse. It is observed particularly in 
 childhood. Its march is extremely acute and 
 often very rapid; admitting, generally, how- 
 ever, of division into three stages. The symp- 
 toms of the first stage are those of general feb- 
 rile irritation, with head-ache, intolerance of 
 
HYDROCHAMAIMELUM 
 
 436 
 
 HYDROGEN" 
 
 light and sound, deliriam, &c. Those of the 
 tecond, which generally denote that the inflam- 
 mation has ended in effusion, are, great slow- 
 ness of pulse, crying out as if in distress, moan- 
 ing, dilated pupil, squinting, &c.; and lastly, 
 in the *Aw-rf stage ; — ^^profound stupor, paralysis, 
 convulsions, involuntary evacuations, quick 
 pulse, and frequently death. The disease is, of 
 tmcertain duration; sometimes, destroying in 
 two or three days ; at others, extending to two 
 or three weeks. The prognosis is Unfavoura- 
 able. The treatment must be active dur- 
 ing the stage of excitement, — precisely that 
 which is necessary in phrenitis. In the second 
 stage, the indication is; — to promote the ab- 
 sorption of the effiised fluid. This must be done 
 by counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly. On 
 dissection, water is generally found in the ven- 
 tricles, or at the base of the brain ; or there are 
 evidences of previous vascular excitement, as 
 effusions of coagulable lymph, &c. 
 
 Htdeocephalds Spueius, Hydrencephaloid, 
 (disease.) 
 
 HYDROCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthe- 
 midis. 
 
 HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa. 
 
 HYDROCHLORATE D'OR, see Gold. 
 
 HYDROCHLORINAS NATRICUS, Soda, 
 muriate of. 
 
 HYDROCHOLECYSTIS, Turgescentia ve- 
 
 flicul fp rpl I f*nr* 
 
 HYDROCHTSES, (G.) Hydrochysen, from 
 •uioij, 'water,' and ;^uo-/c, 'effusion.' A family 
 of diseases, according to the classification of 
 Fuchs, in which there is a sudden effusion of 
 serous fluid, as in serous apoplexy; hydrocepha- 
 lus, &c. 
 
 HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hygrociraoce'li, Hy- 
 groce'll, from 'vSuq, 'water,' xigffsf, 'varix,' 
 and jtijiij, ' tumour.' A tumour, formed by the 
 varicose distention of the veins of the spermatic 
 cord, and by the accumulation of serous fluid 
 in the cellular texture of the scrotum. 
 
 HYDROCCELIA, Ascites. 
 
 HYDROCOTYLE UMBELLATUM, Aca- 
 ricoba. 
 
 HYDROCRANIA, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDROCRITHE,Decoctum Hordei. 
 
 HYDROCYANIC ACID, Ac"idum Hydro- 
 cyan'icum; from 'uiaif, 'water,' and Kvatog, 
 'blue.' Prussic Acid. Ac"idum Prus'sieum, A. 
 Sorus' sicitm, A. Zodt'icum, A. Zodtin'icutn, 
 Cyanoky'drir, Add, Cyanhy'dric Acid, (F.) 
 Acide Hydrocyanique ou Prussique. This 
 acid exists in a great variety of native combi- 
 nations in the vegetable kingdom, and imparts 
 to them certain properties^ which have been 
 long known and esteemed; as in the bitter al- 
 mond, Cherry laurel, leaves of the Peach tree, 
 iernels of fruit, pips of apples, &c. When 
 coticentrated, it is liquid, colourless, of a strong 
 smell and taste, at first cool, afterwards burn- 
 ing. Its s. g. at 7° centigrade, is 0.7058. It is 
 very volatile, and enters into ebullition at 80° 
 Fahr. It speedily undergoes decomposition, 
 sometimes in less than an hour, and consists of 
 a peculiar gazeous and highly inflammable 
 compound of carbon and azote, to which the 
 name Cyan'ogen has been assigned ; and of hy- 
 drogen, which acts as the acidifying principle : 
 hence its name Hydrocyanic arid. In the 
 Pharmacopoeia of the United States, (1842,) two 
 
 formulae for its preparation are given, — the 
 from the Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium j the oi 
 from the Cyanuret of Silver. According 
 Magendie, the acid, prepared after Schee 
 method — the one in common use — is of irri 
 lar medicinal power j he, therefore, recomme 
 Gay Lussac's acid; diluted with 6 times its 
 lume, or 8.5 times its weight of distilled wa 
 for medicinal piirposes, and this he calls". 
 dic"inal Prussic Acid. Dr. Ure has propo 
 that the specific gravity should indicate 
 which is proper for medicinal exhibition; i 
 after comparative experiments of the gra' 
 of the acids, oTitained by diflferent processes 
 staj;es, that the acid, usually prescribed, is c 
 g. 0.996 or 0.997. Great caution is, howe 
 necessary. One drop of pure prussic acid i 
 instantly destroy, and the animal show hai 
 any traces of irritability, a few moments a 
 death. It has been advised in laryngeal ph 
 sis, in pulmonary phthisis, piilmonary inflam; 
 tion and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine aff'ecti( 
 hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism, 
 mania, ancl as a local remedy in impetigir 
 affections; but, although possessed of powe 
 sedative properties, it is so unmanageable 
 the preparation so uncertain, that it is not m 
 used. The Dose of Scheele's Acid, or of 
 Medicinal Prussic Acid, is from a quarter 
 drop to two drops. 
 
 HYDROCYS'TIS, from 'i/Jwg, ' water,' 
 xuo-Ti?, 'a bladder.' A cyst containing a 
 tery or serous fluid. An hydatid. Also, 
 cated ascites. 
 
 HYDRODERMA, Anasarca. 
 HYDRODES, Aqueous. 
 HYDRODIARRHCEA, Diarrhoea, serous 
 HYDRCEDEMA, (Edema. 
 HTDRO-ENC^PHALORRHiE, A 
 plexy, serous. 
 
 HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE,fljf. 
 epi/ilo-enteroce'll ; from 'ujiuj, 'water,' em 
 'intestine,' and iTinkoat, 'omentum.' Ent 
 epiplocele, the sac of which contains a sei 
 fluid. 
 
 HYDRO-E NTE RO-E PI PLOMPH ALT 
 from 'vSag, 'water,' ivtijiv, 'an intesti 
 entTTMiv, 'the caul,' and oftifaiot, 'the nai 
 Umbilical hernia, the sac of which contains 
 testine, epiploon, and serum. 
 
 HYDRO-ENTEROM'PHALUM, Hydrt 
 rom'phalitm ; from 'vSwq, 'water,' ivtsjov, 
 intestine,' and c/ittxoe, 'the umbilicus.' 1 
 nia umbilicalis, the sac of which contains 
 testine and serum. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE,from 'u/wj, 'wa 
 frnricov, 'omentum,' and kbxb, 'a tumc 
 Hernia, formed by omentum, the sac of w 
 contains serum. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hy 
 entero-epiplocele. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOMPH'ALUM, from '. 
 'water,' cTrmhctv, 'the omentumV and <i^<|ia 
 'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, the s! 
 which contains epiploon and serum. 
 
 HYDROG'ALA, from 'aia^, 'water,' 
 yaht, 'milk.' A mixture of water and m: 
 HYDROGASTER, Ascites. 
 HY'DROGEN, Hydrogen'ium, Inflam'n 
 air, Phlogis'ton, Princifiuin hydrogenet'i 
 P. hydrot'icum, Mephi'tis injlammab'ilis, 
 Hydrogine, from 'uimj, 'water,' and ytnai 
 produce.' This gas, when breathed, pr 
 
HYDROGkNE 437 
 
 fatal from containing no oxygen. When di- 
 luted with two-thirds of atmospheric air, it oc- 
 casions some diminution of muscular power and 
 sensibility, and a reduction of the force of the 
 circulation. It has been respired in catarrh, 
 hiernoptysis, and phthisis. 
 
 Hydrogen, Carbueetted, Inflammable atr, 
 Fire damp, of miners— obtained by passing the 
 vapour of water over charcoal, at the tempera- 
 ture of ignition, in an iron tube— has been found 
 possessed of similar properties, when diluted, 
 and has been used in like cases. 
 
 Httdkogen, Shlphheetted, Hydrosulph'uric 
 <Ki4, Hydrathion'ic add, Hydrothi'on, Gaz 
 kepat'ieum, Gaz hydrogen'iwm sulphura'tum, 
 Mephi'tis hepai/ica, iJ.)Aiside hydrosulfurique, 
 may be disengaged from any of the sulphurets 
 by the addition of a strong acid. It is a violent 
 poison, but has been recommended to be in- 
 haled, diluted, to allay the increased irritability 
 which occasionally exists after diseases of the 
 lungs. See Hydro-sulphuretted Water. 
 HYDROGkNE, Hydrogen. 
 HTDBOGkNkSES. Baumes gives this 
 name to diseases which he fancifully considers 
 to depend upon disturbed hydrogenation. In it 
 he includes intermittent and remittent fevers. 
 
 HYDROGENOSULPHURETUM AMMO- 
 NIAC;E LIQUIDUM, Ammonia sulphuretum. 
 HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula. 
 HYDROHiMIE, Anaemia. 
 HYD ROHYM E N I'TI S, Orrhohymeni'tis, 
 fromWaj, 'water,' 'i/^nv, 'a membrane,' and 
 His, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 a serous membrane. 
 
 HYDROL^UM, Hydrelaeon. 
 HYDROLAPATHUM, Rumex hydrolapa- 
 thum. 
 HYDROLATA, Aquas destillatse. 
 HTDROLATS, Aquae destillatae. 
 HYDROLOGY, Hydrolog''ia, from 'uiug, 
 'water,' and Xoyacj'a. discourse.' A treatise 
 on water. By the term Medical HydroVogy 
 is meant that part of physics, whose object is 
 the study of water, considered as it respects 
 medicine; and consequently embracing that of 
 mineral waters. Medical Sydrog'raphy com- 
 prises the study of the influence exerted by the 
 sea or by navigation on the health of man. 
 HYDROLOTIF, Lotion. 
 HYD ROMA 'NIA, from 'a^oie, 'water,' and 
 fiaiit, ' mania.' A name given by Strambi to 
 pellagra in which the patient has a strong pro- 
 pensity to drown himself. 
 
 HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hydrops medi- 
 asti'ni. Effusion of serous fluid into the medi- 
 astinum. 
 
 HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'eli, from'uJo.?, 'wa- 
 ter,' and /ittli, 'honey.' Aqua mulsa, Meliti'- 
 tis, Mnlsum., Melic'ratum, Mellic'ratum, Brag- 
 gart, Medo. A liquid medicine, prepared with 
 an ounce and a half of honey and a pint of tepid 
 water. It is used as a demulcent and laxative, 
 and is generally known under the names Simple 
 ky'dromel, Vinoits hy'dromel, Mead, Hydro'^- 
 eli vino'sum. It is a drink made by ferment- 
 ing honey and water, and is much used in some 
 countries. 
 
 HYDROMENINGITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
 ternus. 
 HYDROMETFE, Areometer. 
 ¥lYT)UOWE'TRA,Hy'lrome'tria,Hyster'ites. 
 Hjjsterade'ma, Hydrops u'teri; from 'iiJ»;, 'wa- 
 
 HYDROPHOfelA 
 
 ter,' and /«»tj», 'the womb.' Dropsy of the 
 womb. A disease characterized by circum- 
 scribed protuberance in the hypogastrium, — 
 with obscure fluctuation, progressively en- 
 larging, without ischury or pregnancy. If it 
 ever occur, it must be a rare disease. 
 
 HYDROM'PHALUM, Hydrops umhilica'lis, 
 Exom'phalus apto'sus, Her'nia umhili'ci aquo'- 
 M,from'uJm?, 'water,'ando^<fa?ioc, 'the navel.' 
 A tumour, formed by the accumulation of se- 
 rum in the sac of umbilical hernia ; or simply 
 by distension of the navel in cases of ascites. 
 
 y:iT)ROWi'RWGii.,IIydromyrinx,Hydrops 
 tym'pani, from 'uJo?, ' water,' and myringa or 
 myrinx, ' the membrana tympani.' ' Dropsy of 
 the drum of the ear ; giying rise to difliculty of 
 hearing,-^Ui/.'e<!(B'a hydrop'ica. 
 
 HYDROMYRINX, Hydrbmyringa. 
 
 HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
 
 HYDRONEPflRO'SIS; (F.) Hydronephrose, 
 'vSuB, 'water,' 
 
 Hydrorinale distension,' from 'u&y, 
 and vtifQos, 'kidney.' An accumulation in the 
 kidney, owing to the ohstruction of the tubes 
 of the papillae. — Rayer. 
 HYDRONOSUS, Hydrops. 
 HYDRONUSUS, Hydrops. 
 HYDROOPHORON, Hydroarion. 
 HYOROOVARIUM, Hydroarion. 
 HYDROPjEDESIS, Hydropedesis. 
 .HYDROPATH'IC, Hiidropdth'icus, Hydri- 
 at'rieuSftiom'vSmii, 'water,' and naU(, 'dis- 
 ease.' Relating to hydropathy or the water 
 cure, — as a hydropathic physician, — Hydriater, 
 Hydriatrus. 
 
 HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 HYDROPEDE'SIS, Hydroptsde'sis, from 
 'u3»{, ' water,' and nriiia, ' I breakout,' Ephi' 
 dro'sis. Excessive sweating. ^ 
 HYDROPEGE, Water, spring. 
 H y UROPERIC ARDI A.HydrOpericardiutti. 
 HYDROPERICARDITIS, Hydropericardi- 
 um. 
 
 HYDROPERICAR'DIUM,i?yrfropencafWsa, 
 HydropeHcardi'tis, frorri 'viw^, 'water,' and 
 pericardium; Hydrops Pericar'dii, Hydrocar'-r 
 dia. Dropsy of the peticar'di-umj (F.) Hydro- 
 pisie du Fhicarde, This is not a common 
 disease. Palpitations; irregular or intermit- 
 ting pulse ; excessive dyspncea, amounting often 
 to ortfaopncea, and dulness over a large space on 
 percussion, will cause the pericardium to be 
 suspected. The treatment is that of dropsies 
 in general. It is, usually, however, of the ac- 
 tive kind. 
 
 HYDROP&RIONE, from 'vSmf, 'water,' 
 srefi, 'around,'and()iof, 'anegg, or ovum.' The 
 sero-albuminous substance secreted by the lining 
 of the uterus, prior to the arrival of the im- 
 pregnated ovum in that cavity. — Breschet. 
 I HYDROP/tRITONIE, Ascites. 
 I HYDROPHAL'LUS, from 'i/J-e, 'water,' 
 and ftUos, 'the male organ.' (Edema of the 
 male organ. 
 HVDROPHIMOSTS, Phimosis <edematodes. 
 HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTUS CEL- 
 LULARIS, Phlegmasia alba. 
 
 HYDROPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULO- 
 RUM CEREBRI, Hydrocephalus internus. 
 
 HYDROPBO'Bl A.,Paraphob(ia.Paro;ihoh'ia, 
 Phohodip son, Pheii,'gydron, Phevgophoh'ia, 
 Gynolys'sa, Ci\noliis' siim. Morbus hydrophob'- 
 iciis seu hydroph'ohus, Lifan'ehC, Lyca??'ckis, 
 Aerophobia, Fhreni'tis latrans, Lytta, Lyssa, 
 
HYf)ROPHOBUS 
 
 438 
 
 HYDROPS 
 
 Lysaa cani'na, Pantophob'ia, Rabies cani'- 
 na, Erethis'rmis hydrophpbia, Clonos hydro- 
 jihobia, Hygropkobia, Canine madnesa, (F.) 
 Rage; from 'uJuf , ' water,' and <i)o(^s, ' dread.' 
 
 The terra Rabies is more appropriate for the 
 aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite 
 of rabid animals. Hydirophobia literally signi- 
 fies, a 'dread of water;' and, consequently, 
 ought t« be applied to one of the sytnptoms of 
 rabies, rather than to the disease itself. It is a 
 symptom which appears occasionally in other 
 nervous affections. Rabies is susceptible of 
 spontaneous development in the dog, wolf, cat, 
 atid fox, which can thence transmit it to other 
 quadrupeds or to man; but it has not been 
 proved that it can supervene, — without their 
 having been previously bitten, — in anim&ls of 
 other species; or that the latter can, when bit- 
 ten, communicate it to others. Many facts in- 
 duce the belief, that the saliva and bronchial 
 mucus are the sole vehicles of the rabid virus ; 
 the effects of which upon the economy some- 
 times appear almost immediately after the bite, 
 and are, at others, apparently dormant for a 
 considerable period. The chief symptoms are 
 — a sense of dryness and constriction of the 
 throat; excessive thirst; difficult deglutition; 
 aversion for, and horror at, the sight of liquids 
 as well as of brilliant objects; red, animated 
 countenance; great nervous irritability; frothy 
 saliva; grinding of the teeth, &c. Death most 
 commonly happens before the fifth day. Hy- 
 drophobia has hitherto resisted all therapeutical 
 means. Those which allay irritation are obvi- 
 ously most called for. In the way of preven- 
 tion, the bitten part should always be excised, 
 where practicable ; an4 cauterized. 
 
 In some cases, symptoms like -those which 
 follow the bite of a rabid animal are said to 
 have come on spontaneously. This affection 
 has been termed nervous or spontaneous hydro- 
 
 HYDROPHOBUS, Lyssodectus. 
 
 H YDROPH T H AL'MI A, from 'ufeg, 'water,' 
 and ii^da\fii>(, 'the eye.' Hydrophthal'mus, 
 J}ropsy of the eye, Hydrops Oc'^ili, Buphthal'- 
 mus, Zoophthal'm/its, Oc'ulus Bovi'nus, Oculus 
 Bu'bulus, Oculus Eiepha/n'tinus^ OphthalTnop' 
 to'sis, Parop'sis Staphylo'ma simplex, (F.) Hy- 
 drophtkalmie, Hydropisie de Vail. This affec- 
 tion is caused, at times, by an increase in the 
 quantity of the aqueous, at others, of the vitre- 
 ' ous, humour. In the ibrrtier case, the iris is 
 concave anteriorly, and pushed backwards : — 
 in the latter it is convex, and pushed forwards. 
 Most commonly, the disease seems to depend 
 on both humours at the same time. Hydroph- 
 thalmia sometimes affects both eyes; at others, 
 only one. Children are more exposed to it than 
 adults or old persons. The treatment must 
 vary according to the cause; its longer or 
 shorter duration; greater or less extent, &c. 
 Hence, according to circumstances, hydragogue 
 medicines, purgatives, general and local blood- 
 letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cupping-glasses, 
 fomentations, coUyria, and fumigations of dif- 
 ferent kinds have been employed. When all 
 means fail, and the disease continues to make 
 progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by a punc- 
 ture made with a cataract needle at the lower 
 part of the transparent cornea. 
 
 Htdrophthalmia, CoNrCAt, Staphyloma of 
 the cornea. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAL'MION. Same etymon. 
 An oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in 
 hydropic persons. 
 
 BYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia— 
 h. Cruentus, HEemophthalmia. 
 
 HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis 
 
 CESTUI fipttm^ 
 
 HYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Hydrapnenmatoc,: 
 le, from 'ujwj, ' water,' 9uo-«, ' wirid,' and xtiX„, 
 ' a tumour.' Hernia, which contains a serous 
 fluid and gas. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOME'TRA; from 'uda,^, 'wa- 
 ter,' ifi/tr»a, 'I inflate,' and mtQc, ' the womb.' 
 A morbid condition of the womb, in which both 
 fluid and air are cofltained in it. 
 
 HYDROP'IC, Hydrop'icus, Hy'phydroa, 
 Hyder'icus, Hydero'des, Drop'sical, (F.) Hy. 
 dropique. One labouring under dropsy. Re- 
 lating to dropsy. Also, an antihydropic, and a 
 hydragogue. 
 HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 HYDROPISIA, Hydrops. 
 HYDROPISIE, Hydrops— A. du Bas-ven- 
 tre, Ascites — h. Cerebrale sutaigu'e, Apoplexy, 
 Serous— A. de V(Eil, Hydrophthalmia— A. rf» 
 VO'oaire, Hydroarion — h. du Periearde, Hy- 
 dropericardium — h. des Plevres, Hydrothorax 
 — h. de Poitrine, Hydrothorax — h. de la Vesi- 
 cule du Fiel, Tnrgesfeentia vesics felleaB. 
 HYDROPISIS, Hydrops— h. Vera; Anasarca. 
 HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops. 
 HYDROPLEURIB, Hydrothorax. 
 IIYDROPNEUMATOCELE, Hydiophyso- 
 cele. 
 HYDROPNEUMON, Hydropneumonia. 
 H YDROPNEUMO'NIA,, Hydropkeu'mtn, 
 (Ede'ma pulmo'num chron'icum., Hydrops pnl- 
 monuTn cellulo'sus, Anasar'ca pulfoonum, Hy- 
 drops pulmjinum, from 'uJag, ' water,' and mit - 
 fiar, ' the lung.' Dropsical infiltration of the 
 lungs. See (Edema of the lungs. 
 
 HYDROPNEDMOSAR'C A, from '«J<«e, 'wa- 
 ter,' 7iv(vu!t, ' wind, air,' and o'af £, ' flesh.' An 
 abscess, containing water, air, and matters si- 
 milar to flesh. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX, Hydroahe- 
 pleurie, from 'ujmj, 'water,' jiku/ko», 'the 
 lung,' and ^aga?, ' the chest.' Pneumothorax 
 with effusion of blood into the chest. See 
 Pneumothorax. 
 
 HYDROPOf DES, from '„So-^, ' water,' and 
 Troitu, ' I make.' An epithet for watery excre- 
 tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics. 
 HYDROP'OTA, Hydrop'otes, Ppta'tor.Agm, 
 from 'uJag, 'water,' and jiotijc, 'a drinke*.' 
 A Water Drinker. One who drinks only water, 
 or drinks it in an extraordinary quantity. 
 
 HYDROPS, from 'viuq, ' water,' Phlegma'- 
 tia, Hy'deros,Affec'tus hydero' des,-.Hyirop'isis, 
 Hydropis'ia, Hydropis'mtis, Hydmpisia, By- 
 drorrh(r'a, Hydrorrhoe, Hydrorrheus, Polyhy'- 
 dria, Hydron'osus, Hydronu'ius, 3ropsy,Xy-) 
 Hydropisie. A preternatural collection of a 
 serous fluid in any cavity of the body, or in the 
 cellular texture. When the cellular textHre of 
 the whole body is more or less filled with fluid, 
 the disease is called Anasar'ca or Leucophlegma'- 
 tia; — ajid when this variety is local or partial, 
 it is called (Ede'ma. The chief dropsies, desig- 
 nated from theii^seat, are: — Anasarca, Hydro- 
 cephalus, Hydrbrachitis, Hydrothorax, liydro- 
 perii:ardiumAscites,Hydrifmetra,Hydrocele,liiC. 
 
HYDROPSIA 
 
 439 HYDROSULPHURETTED WATER 
 
 Encyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tws in- 
 eareera'tns vel cys'ticus, is that variety in 
 wbich the fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst ; so 
 that it has no communication with the surround- 
 ing parts. Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops 
 Ova'Hi, Asci'tes Ova'rii, Asci'tes sacoa'tus, is 
 an instance of this variety. 
 
 Dropsy may be active or passive. The former 
 eonsists in an increasedaction of theexhalants, so 
 that those vessels pour out much more fluid than 
 is absorbed : the latter arises from a state of ato- 
 ny of the absorbent vessels, which allows of an 
 accumulation of fluid. It jnay also be mecha- 
 nioal, or produced by obstructions to the circu- 
 lation, as in cases of diseased liver. Active 
 dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indi- 
 vidual, generally ends favourably. That which 
 supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic 
 of some internal affection, is rarely curable. 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of all those 
 remedies, which act on the various secretions : 
 so that the demand being increased, :the supply 
 will have to be increased accordingly ; and in 
 this manner some of the collected fluid May be 
 taken up by the absorbents. To, this end, 
 bleeding, if the dropsy be very active ; purga- 
 tives, diuretics, sudorifics, sialagogues, &c., are 
 the- remedies chiefly depended upon. 
 
 Hydeops Abdominis, Ascites — h. Abdominis 
 aereus. Tympanites — ^h. Abdominis saccatus, 
 see Ascites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h. Ana- 
 sarca acptns, see Anasarca-^h. Articulorum, 
 Hydrarthtus — h. Ascites,^ Ascites — ih. Capitis, 
 Hydrocephalus — h. Capitis, Hydrocephalus 
 chronicus — h. Cavitatis columnae vertebralis, 
 Hydrorachis — ^h.Cellularis artuum, CEdema — h. 
 Cellularis totius corporis, Anasarca^— h. Cellu- 
 losus. Anasarca— h. Cerebri, Hydrocephalus, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — h. Cysticns, see As- 
 dtis — h. Glottidis, (Edema of the Glottis— h. 
 Intercus, Anasarca — h. Leucophlegmatias, 
 Leucophlegmatia — h. ad Matulam, Diabetes — 
 h. Mediastini, Hydromediastinum — ^h. Medullse 
 spinalis, Hydrorachis— h. Metellee, Diabetes — 
 h. Oculi, Hydrophthalmia— h. Ovarii, Hydroa- 
 rion — h. Palpebrae, Hydroblepharon — ^h. Pec- 
 toris, Hydrothorax — h; Pericardii, Hydroperi- 
 cardium— h. Pleurae, Hydrothorax^h. Pulmo- 
 nis, Hydrothorax — h. Pulmonum, Hydropneu- 
 monia, (Edema of the LiSngs ^h. Pulmonum 
 cellulosus, Hydropneumonia — ^h. Sacci lachry- 
 rrtalis. Fistula lachrymalis^.Scroti, Hydrocele 
 — h.Siccus et flatHlentus.Tympanites — ^h. Spins, 
 Hydrorachis — h. Spinas vertebraIis,Hydrorachis 
 — i. Subcutaneus, Anasarca — h. Testiculorum, 
 Hydrocele— h. Thoracis, Hydrothorax— h. Tu- 
 barum Fallopii, Hydrosalpinx— h. Tympani, 
 Ilydromyringa— h. Tympanites, Tympanites— 
 h. Umbilicalis, Hydromphalum — h. Uteri, Hy- 
 drometra — h. Vesicae felleae, Turgescentia vesi- 
 Bulffi felleee. 
 
 HYDROPSIA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDROP YR'ETOS, from Wa.? , « water,' and 
 TojtTOf, 'fever;' Feins sudati/ria. Fever 
 with sweating. Hidropyretos would be more 
 proper; from US^ai, 'sweat.' See Sudor An- 
 elicus. 
 
 , U YDRORA'<iHIS, from 'kcJoj, « water,' and 
 oi^ic, 'the spine.' Hydrihrha'ehis, Bydrora- 
 fAi'tis, H ^drorrha'chia, MyelorJt'ysis, Hydrops 
 Onvita'tis CobcmnxVertebhi'lh, H. Spina ver- 
 ttira'lis. Hydrops medulla spina'lis, Hydro- 
 ff'le spine^lis, Hydrorachi'tis spino'sa, Hydrops 
 
 spina. An efl^usion of serum, often owing 
 to inflammation of the spinal membranes — 
 myeli'tis exsudati'va — and forming a soft, fre- 
 quently transparent, tumour; constituted of 
 the membranes of the spinal marrow, which 
 are distended and projecting backwards from 
 the vertebral canal, the posterior paries of 
 which, when the affection is congenital, is 
 wanting to a certain extent — Spina bifida, 
 Ateloraehid'ia, Hydrorra'chis dehis'cens, Spi'- 
 nola. The disease is often accompanied with 
 paralysis of the lower extremities. It is con- 
 genital, and situate in the lumbar or sacral 
 regions. It is almost al ways fatal : — the tumour 
 rupturing, and death occurring instantaneously. 
 On dissection, a simple separation or complete 
 absence of the spinous processes of the verte- 
 bras is perceived, with, at times, destruction or 
 absence of spinal marrpw. The treatment is 
 the same as in hydrocephalus phronieus; and, as 
 in it, advantage seems occasionally to have 
 been derived by puncturing with a fine needle. 
 
 Hy-deoeaohis DehiscIens, see Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDRORiNALE DISTENSION, Hy- 
 dronephrosis. 
 
 HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis. 
 
 HYDRORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, serous. 
 
 HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORRHOEA, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops. 
 
 HYDRORTHOPNCE'A, from '«a<„f,' water,' 
 and ofdovvoia, 'diflSculty of breathing, except in 
 the erect posture.' Orthopncea, owing to a col- 
 lection of water in the chest. 
 
 HYDROSAC'CHARUM, Agua sacohara'ta, 
 (F.) Eau sncree. Sugared water. 
 
 HYDROSALPINX, Hydrops tuba'rumFal- 
 lo'pii; from 'uSaf, 'water,^and m/tiij-I, 'a 
 tube.' Dropsy of the Fallopian tube. 
 
 HYDROSAR'CA, from 'oSaip, ' water,' and 
 irag?, ' flesh.' A tumour, containing a fluid, as 
 well as portions of flesh. Also, Anasarca. 
 
 H YDROSARCOCE LE, from 'r,tfu,e, ' water,' 
 o-agi, 'flesh,' and xjjxi,, 'a tumour.' Sarcohy- 
 droce'le. A tumour, formed by a sarcocele, 
 complicated with dropsy of the tunica vagina- 
 lis. . 
 
 HYB^OSCHEOCTl'LE, Osoheoce'leaguo'sa, 
 from 'vSwQ, ' water,' or^fim, 't^e scrotum,' and 
 it»M, ' rupture.' A collection of water in the 
 scrotum. Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHiONIE, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele. 
 
 HYDROSIS, Hidrosis. 
 
 HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTI- 
 CIDE, see Bocimasia. 
 
 HYDROSUDOPATHY.Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A, ifj^«yotAi(, 
 Hydropathi'a, Hydrosudop'athy, Hydri'asis., 
 Ars hydriat'rica, Hydriat'i'a, Watetcure, (G.) 
 Wassercur, from 'u^iup, ' water,' sudo, ' I 
 sweat,' and 6iQaTeyx, 'I remedy.' A badly 
 compounded word, formed to express the mode 
 of treating diseases by cold water, sweating, 
 
 HYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER, 
 
 A<pia hydiosulphura'ta si-mpler., Aqua hepat'- 
 ica, (F.) Eau hydrostilphmiee simple. (Sai- 
 phuret of iron 1000 parts, sulphuric acid ?000 
 parts, distilled teater 4001) parts ; add the water 
 
HYDROSULPHURETUM 
 
 440 
 
 HYLISMUS 
 
 to the acidj and put the sulphuret of iron into a 
 retort, to which a Wolff's apparatus of S'or 6 
 vessels is adapted; the last containing about an 
 ounce of potassa, dissolved in a quart of water. 
 Pour the diluted acid gradually on the sulphu- 
 ret i and, ultimately, throw away the water in 
 the last veaselj Ph. P.) It is stimulant, dia- 
 phoretic, and deobstruent, (?) and is used in 
 rheumatism, diseases of the skin, &c. 
 
 It has been, also, called Ac'Hdtim Hydrothion'- 
 icum liq'ui^wm, 
 
 H yUROSULPHURETITM AMMONIA- 
 CUM AQUOSUM, Ammonia sulphuretum— 
 h. Ammoniacum, AmmoniEe sulphuretum. 
 HYDROTHION, Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
 HYOROTHO'RAX, from 't/fop, ' water,' and 
 S»ga|,' the chest.' Hydrops Thord'cis, Hydiops 
 pec'toHs, . Hydrops pulTno'nis, H, pleurcs, Ste- 
 thoch'ysis, P}eurorrhcE,' a lymphaficaj PL sero'- 
 sa, Dyspnte'a et Orthopna'a hydrothorac"ica, 
 X^.) Hydropisie de P.oitrine, H. des Plevres, 
 Dropsy of the Chest. Idiopathic Hydrothorax, 
 termed by Laennec Hydropisie des plivres. 
 Dropsy of the Pleur<B,-^\rj Piorry, Hydro- 
 pleurie, is a rare disease, and difficult /of dia- 
 gnosis. It generally exists only on one side 
 which, if the fluid effused be considerable, pro- 
 jects inore than the other. Dyspn(Ea,and fluc- 
 tuation perceptible to the ear, are characteristic 
 symptoms. When the chest is examined with 
 the stethoscope, respiration is found to be want- 
 ing every where, except at the root of thte lung. 
 The sound is also dull on percussion. 
 
 Effusion into the chest, as a result of inflam- 
 mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common 
 as the other is rare. It is usually a fatal symp- 
 tom. It has been called symptomatic hydro- 
 thorax. 
 
 In Hydrothorax, the course of treatment, 
 proper in dropsies in general, must be adopted. 
 Diuretics seem, here, to be especially useful; 
 probably on account of the great activity of 
 pulmonary absorption. Paracentesis can rarely 
 be serviceable. 
 
 Hydrothorax Chylosus, Chylothorax — h. 
 Purulentus, Empyema. 
 
 HYDROTICA, Hydragogues. 
 
 HYDRO TIS, from 'uSai, 'water,' and ovi, 
 gen. uTos, ' the ear.' Dropsy of the ear. Pro- 
 perly, an accumulation of mucous or muco- 
 purulent matter in the middle ear. 
 
 HYDRURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYDRURIA, Diabetes, see Urine. 
 
 HYERES. This small town, agreeably situ- 
 ate on the declivity of a hill, about 2 miles from 
 the Mediterranean, and 12 from Toulon, is the 
 least exceptionable residence in Provence for 
 the pulmonary invalid-. It is in some measure 
 protected from the northerly winds; but not 
 sufficiently so from the mistral to render it a 
 very desirable residence for the phthisical. — Sir 
 James Clark. 
 
 HYGEA, HygiHe, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEIA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGEISMUS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGEOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGIANSIS, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIASIS, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIASMA, Medicament. 
 
 HYGIAS'TICA DOCTRI-NA. The doctrine 
 of health. The doctrine of the restoration of 
 health. 
 
 HYGIASTICUS, Salutary. - 
 
 HYGIEA, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
 
 HYGIEINUS, Salutary. 
 
 HYGIEIOLOGIA, Hygiene. 
 
 BYGIkNE (F.), (generally Anglicised and 
 pronounced Hy'geen,) from 'uy/sti, ' health.' 
 Hygds'rmts, Hygiei^ney Hygie'sis, Hygiei'a; 
 Hygie'a, Hyge'a, Hygiene, Hygiett'ics, Conser- 
 vati'va medicinal, JIygeolog"iayIIygieiolog^'iQ.^ 
 Hygeology, HygioVogy; from '"^iijc, 'healthy.' 
 The part of medicine whose object is the pre- 
 servation of health. It embraces a knowledge 
 of healthy man, both in society, and individu- 
 ally, as well as of the objects used and em- 
 ployed by him, with their influence on his con- 
 stitution and organs. See Regimen. , 
 
 HYGIEN'IC,(F.)flVg^'«'«»!?««- Sameetymon. 
 Relating to Hygiene — as ' hygienic precautions, 
 hygienic rules,' &c. &c. 
 
 HYGIENICS, Hygiene. 
 
 HYOMNIQXXE, Hygienic. 
 
 HYGIERUS, Salutary. 
 
 HY6IESIS, Hygifene. 
 
 HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene. 
 
 HYGRA, from 'uSaif, 'water,' or 'vy%ii, 'hu- 
 mid.' Liquid plasters; — Hygremplas'tra. 
 
 HYGRASIA, Humour. 
 
 HYGRECHE'MA, from 'uj-etc, 'humid,' and 
 tt^h/nn, ' sound;' Son'itas flu'idi. The soundof 
 fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise. 
 
 HYGREDON, Humour. 
 
 HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra. 
 
 HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'vn«t,. fhn- 
 raid,' and pXi<faQ'v, 'eyelid;' HygrophthaV- 
 mici. The excretory ducts of the lachrymal 
 gland have been so called. 
 
 HYGROCATARAC'TA; froin 'uj-joc, 'hu- 
 mid,' and iioiTK{a»T»c, ' cataract ;' Catarae'ta 
 liq'uida. Liquid or fluid cataract. 
 
 HY6R0CELE, Hydrbcirsocele. 
 
 HYGROCOLLYRIA, see CoUyrium. 
 
 HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid. 
 
 HYGROL'OGY, Hygrolo^'ia, from 'i;>5«5, 
 ' humid,' and >ioj.tc, ' a discourse.' The ana- 
 tomy of the fluids of the body. 
 
 HYGRO'MA, from 'vyyt, ' humid.' Tumor 
 cys'tictt-s sero'suS) Cys'tis sero'sa. Dropsy of 
 the bursas mucosae. 
 
 HYGROM'ETRY, Hygromet'ria, Hygroseo'- 
 pia; from 'i/ygos, 'humid,' and jutsoi, ' mea- 
 sure.' The part of physics which concerns the 
 measurement of the dryness or humidity of the 
 atmosphere. It is probable, that diseases are 
 as frequently cailsed by the varying moisture 
 of the atmosphere as by changes in its ^weight 
 or temperature. The hygrometer ought, con- 
 sequently, to form part of every apparatus for 
 medical meteorological observations. 
 
 HYGRON, Liquor. 
 
 HYGROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 HYGROPHTHAL<MIA,from'vy(ioc,'humid,' 
 and oa^ui^iiot, ' inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
 thalmia with much lachrymation. 
 
 HYGROPHTHALMICI, H ygroblepharici. 
 
 HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry. 
 
 HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor. 
 
 HYGRUM, Humour. 
 
 HY'LE, '■vXri, Mate'ria, 'Matter.' Wood, 
 Materia Medica; also, the Philosopher's stone. 
 
 Hyle Iateice, Materia Medica. 
 
 HYLISIS, Colatio. 
 
 HYLISMUS, Colatio. 
 
HYLISTER 
 
 441 
 
 HYOSCYAMUS 
 
 HYLISTER, Colatorium. 
 HYLOPH'AGOUS, from 'uAij, 'wood,' and 
 iparw, < I eat.' One that feeds irpon the yoang 
 shoots of trees, roots, &c. Hylophagous tribes 
 yet exist in some parts of Africa. 
 HYMASTATICS, Hoemastatice. 
 HYMEN, 'rfiiji', which signifies 'marriage,' 
 ' nuptial song,' ' membrane or pellicle.' Claus- 
 trum sen Flos seu Sigit'bim sen Custo'dia seu 
 Colum'na seu Zona virginitd'tis, Flos virgina- 
 lis, Virgin'iai Cir'culus membrano'susy Bucton, 
 Inter fep'ttim virginti'le, Cento virgina lis, Ar- 
 giimen'tumIntegrita'tis,Munimen'tumseaZona 
 Castita'tis, Pannio'ulus hymena'us seu virgi- 
 na'lis, Eugion, Val'vula vagi^nte^ Meiribran'ula 
 luna'ta vaginas. The semilunar, parabolic, or 
 circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the 
 vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and 
 prior to menstruation. This membrane is or- 
 dinarily ruptured by the first venereal act, and 
 is effaced by accouchement; some irregular 
 flaps remaining, to which the name Cartm'cula 
 Myrtifor'mes has been given by reason of their 
 resemblance to the leaves of thfe myrtle. Many 
 circumstances of an innocent character may 
 occasion a rupture or destruction of this mem- 
 brane. It is often, indeed, found absent in 
 children soon after birth ; whilst it may remain 
 entire after copulation. Hence the presence 
 of the hymen does not absolutely prove vir- 
 ginity; nor does its absence prove incontinence ; 
 although its presence would be prima facie evi- 
 dence of continence. 
 
 Hymen, M«mbrajie — h. Diaphratton, Medi- 
 astinum. 
 
 HYMEN^A, see Copal— h. Courbaril, see 
 Anime. 
 
 HYMEN'ICA AMENORRHCE'A. Ame- 
 norrhoea occasioned by closure of the hymen. 
 
 HYMEN'ICUS, Hymeno'des, from 'i/^iijr, 
 •hymen,' &c. Relating to the hymen. Also, 
 membranous. 
 
 HYMENI'TIS, from 'vfiy, 'a membrane,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Membranous 
 inflammation. Inflammation of an internal 
 membrane. 
 
 HYME'NIUM, Memhran'ula, diminutive of 
 'u/iiji', 'a membrane.' A fine, delicate mem- 
 brane. 
 HYMENODES, Hymenicus. 
 HYMENOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
 HYMENOG'RAPHY,fly»seKog-ra>A»a,from 
 'u.u»v, 'a membrane,' and ygocpoi, 'I describe.' 
 That part of anatomy whose object is the de- 
 scription of the different membranes. 
 
 HYMENOL'OGY, Hymenolog"ia, from't|Uiir, 
 ' a membrane,' and Xoyos, ' a description.' A 
 treatise on the membranes. 
 
 HYMENOR'RH APHY, Hymenorrha'pUa; 
 from 'u^rir, ' the hymen,' and eaqiij, ' a suture.' 
 A form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the opera- 
 tion is performed in the natural situation of the 
 hymen. ^ 
 
 H YMENOT'OMY, Hymenotom'ia, from Vijv, 
 ' a inembrane,' and rifum, ' I cut,' ' I dissect.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the dis- 
 section of the membranes. The term has also 
 been applied to the incision of the hymen, prac- 
 tised in certain cases of imperforation of the 
 vagina, in order to give exit to the blood re- 
 tained and accumulated in the cavity of the 
 uterus. 
 HYMNIUM, Amnios. 
 29 
 
 HYO : in composition, an abridgment of Hy- 
 oides, OS. 
 HYOBASIOGLQSSUS, Basioglossus. 
 HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohvoideus. 
 HYODES, Hybides. 
 
 H YO-EPIGLOT'TICUS, Hyodepiglot'tUus . 
 Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some 
 anatomists have given the name Hyo-epiglottic 
 ligament to a bundle of condensed cellular tissue, 
 which passes from the posterior part of the body 
 of the hyoid bone to the base of the epiglottic 
 fibro-cartilage. 
 
 HTO-GLOSS 0-BASI-PHAR YNGIEN, 
 Constrictor pharyngis. 
 
 HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyodeo-glossus, Hyo-chon- 
 dro-glossus, HypsiloglossuSj Oer^ ato-glossus of 
 Douglass and Cowper : Basio-Oerato-Chonflro- 
 glossus. A large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, 
 situate at the anterior and superior part of the 
 neck. Its insertions at three different points 
 of the OS hyoides permit it to be divided into 
 three portions: — the first, (^Cerato-glossus of 
 Albinus) is attached to the great cornu of the os 
 hyoides: the second, {Basio-glossns of XVoivms,) 
 arises from the superior part of the body of the 
 same bone; and \£.e third, {Chondro-glos^us of 
 Albinus,) arises from the lesser cornu and the 
 cartilage, situate between the body and the 
 greater cornu. The fibres of these three bun- 
 dles are inserted into the lateral and inferior 
 parts of the tongue. This muscle depresses the 
 base of the tongue, or raises the os hyoides, 
 when the tongue is fixed. 
 HYO-THYREOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus. 
 HYO-THYROID, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 HYOID BONE, Hyoides, ps. 
 HYOI'DES, OS, Os Bicor'nS, OshypseloVdes, 
 Os Lamidoi'des, Os Gut'turis, Os Lingua, Os 
 Lingva'U,V'psiloVdes,Tpsiloides. The Hyoid 
 Bone; from the Greek u, and iiSos, 'shape.' HyoV- 
 deus, Uyo'des. The hyoid bone is a very movable, 
 osseous arch; of a parabolic shape ; convex 1)6- 
 fore, and suspended horizontally in the substance 
 of the soft parts of the neck, between the base 
 of the tongue and the larynx. This bone, sepa- 
 rated entirely from the^ rest of the skeleton, is 
 composed of five distinct portions, susceptible 
 of motion on each other. The first, and most 
 central, is the body of the hyoid, Ossic'uluin 
 me'dium Hyo'i'dis, which affords attachment to 
 several muscles; the two others a;re lateral, and 
 bear the name of branches or greater corniia. 
 The last two are smaller, situate above the other, 
 and are known under the name lesser comua 
 zwA styloid cornua,ihQ Ossapisiform/ialirigua'' 
 Ha of Sommering. The os hyoides is ossified 
 from five points. 
 Hyoides Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus. 
 HYOIDEUS, Hyoides. 
 HYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS, Omo- 
 hyoideus. 
 
 HYOSCY'AMUS, from 'us, ' a swine,' and 
 yva^iH, 'abean.' Faba suil'la, Bengi, Jusquia- 
 mus, Uyoseyamus niger, Apollina'ris, Alter'- 
 cwm, Ag'one, Altercan'genon, Senbane, Poi- 
 son Tobac'co, Stinking nightshade, (F.) Jus- 
 quiaume. Five a Cochon, Hannebane Pote- 
 lee. The leaves and seeds are the parts used 
 in medicine. Their odour is narcotic and pe- 
 culiar ; taste insipid and mucilaginous. The 
 virtues are yielded to proof spirit. Hyoscya- 
 
HTPACTICtrS 
 
 442 
 
 HTPERCRISIS 
 
 mus is narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, and 
 slightly stimulants It is used as a substitute 
 for opium, where the latter disagrees ; and is 
 applied, externally, as a cataplasm in cancer 
 and glandular swellings. Dose, gr. iij to x of 
 the powder. 
 
 HyoscYAMUs Albus, White Henbane, pos- 
 sesses similar virtues. 
 
 Htoscyamus LtjTEus, Nicotiana rtistica — ^h. 
 Peruvianus, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 HY^ACTICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 HYP^'MIA,from <u7ro, 'beneath,' and'ai^«, 
 ' blood i' Oliga'mia, Oligohas'mia, Ana'tma. 
 Deficiency of blood. — Andral. Also, extrava- 
 sation of blood. 
 
 HYPAGOGE, Dejection. 
 
 HYPAGOGUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim/ma, Hypaleip'- 
 tum, Hypalif'tum, from 'unaKtiifm, ' I anoint.' 
 An ointment or liniment to be rubbed or spread 
 on a part. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRIS, Hypaleiptrvm. 
 
 HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'trum, Hypo- 
 leiptris,HijpcUiptrum,,Specil'lum, Spatha. A 
 sort of spatula for spreading ointments. — ^Hipp. 
 
 HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPALEIPTUM, Hypaleimma. 
 
 HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma. ' 
 
 HYPALIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 HYPAMAURO'SIS, Irom 'uw=, ' under,' and 
 amaurosis; Amauro'sis imperfee'ta. Imperfect 
 amaurosis; Merwmauro'sis. 
 
 HYPAPOPLEX'IA, from %*o, « under,' and 
 apoplexia. An incomplete attack of apoplexy. 
 
 HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPATMUS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYP AUCHE'NIUM, from '«m, 'under,'and 
 au<j(ifi, ' the neck.' A pillow or cushion for the 
 neck. 
 
 HYPECCHORESIS, Dejection. 
 
 HYPECCHORETICUS, Laxative. 
 
 HYPELATUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 
 HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPEISTANTIOSIS, Allopathy. 
 
 HYPE'NE, 'uTirivr]. The beard, which grows 
 under the chin, according to same. Also, the 
 upper lip. — Vesalius. See Mystax. 
 
 HYPtlR, 'vjrei, 'above,' 'in excess.' Hence: 
 
 HYPERACU'SIS, Oxyecoia, Hyperac'oe, 
 Phthongodyspho'ria, from 'vnef, 'above,' and 
 oKoij, ' audition.' Excessive sensibility of the 
 organ of hearing. 
 
 HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadeno'ma, Hy- 
 ■pertrop^'ia glatidula'rwmthoxn 'v^ef , ' in excess,' 
 and aJijr, ' a gland.' Hypertrophy of a gland. 
 
 HYPERS 'MI A, Hijperhm'mia, Hcemorvie'sis, 
 {'F.')Hyperemie,Angiohemie,trom':niip, 'above,' 
 and 'oi/ta, ' blood.' Preternatural accumula- 
 tion of blood in the capillary vessels, more 
 especially local plethora. Congestion. — An- 
 dral. Various forms of hyperEemia are ad- 
 mitted by pathologists, — for example, the ac- 
 tive or sthenic; as in the various phlegmasia, — 
 the asthenic or passive, from weakness of ves- 
 sels ; the cadaveric, or that whichforms imme- 
 diately before or after death ; and the hyposta- 
 tic, which occurs in depending parts. 
 
 HvpERiEMiA Abdominis, Coeliajniia — ^h. Ac- 
 tiva, Inflammation^h. Capitis, Cephalaemia — 
 h. of the Br^in, Stethsemia — h. Cerebri, Cepha- 
 liBmia — h. Pectoris, Stethaemia — h. Pulmonum, 
 .Stethaemia — ^h. of the Lungs, Stethaemia — h. He- 
 patic, Hepatohxmia. 
 
 HYPER.ESTHESIA, Hypersesthesii 
 Linguae, Hypergeustia — h. Olfactoria, \ 
 rosphresia— h. Plexus cardiaci. Angina pe 
 
 HYPER^STHE'SIS, Hyperastha'sia 
 yaathe'sia, (F.) Hyperesthesie, from 
 'above,' and aiadvr it, 'the faculty of fei 
 Excessive sensibility. 
 
 HYPERANTHRAXIS, see.Cholera. 
 
 HYPERAPH'IA, Oaiyaphe, Oxyaphia 
 'uTt^, 'in excess,' and 'a^i;, 'touch.' I 
 sive acuteness of touch. 
 
 HYPERAPHRODIS'IA, from 'uwej, ': 
 cess,' and AtpfoSntj, ' Venus.' Excessive 
 
 rCELi Q6S1T6 
 
 HYPERASTHBNI'A, from ,'i/!re g, 'in ej 
 and a.(r6ttiia, ' weakness.' Excessive del 
 HYPE RAUXE'SIS, from 'uTfj, ' 
 'above,' and ai/^ijo-ic, 'augmentation.' L 
 epid'osis. Excessive increase or enlargi 
 of a Tpait-j'—as Hyperauxe'sis Ir'idis,an e 
 sive enlargement of the iris, so as to st( 
 the jpupil. 
 
 HYFF.KBOVlC(atHtude) 'excessive,' ( 
 ' above, over,' and |?aiira, ' I throw.') G 
 by this term, designates certain extraord 
 attitudes, in which the limbs and vertebr: 
 lumn are in a state of complete extBnsi( 
 flexion. 
 
 HYPERBO'REAN, from 'uTfj, 'bej 
 and Ho^eag, ' the north wind,' A race of 
 found at the extreme north fiif the two ( 
 nents, in the vicinity of the polar circle 
 includes the Thibetans, Ostiaks, Kamtschai 
 Laplanders, Samoiedes, Esquimaux, &c. 
 HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy c 
 HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, h 
 trophy of the. 
 
 HYPERCATAPINCSIS.from 'vnp, 'i 
 cess,' and xaraTrirsiv, ' to sip up.' Exce 
 activity of absorption. 
 
 HYPERCATHAR'SIS, HypeHne'sis, 1 
 rinos,Superpurga'tio,Eff'renita'tio^ from' 
 ' in excess,' and Ka&agaie, ' purgation.' S 
 purgation. 
 
 HYPERCENO'SIS, from 'mip, ' in exi 
 and X.SVWTLC, ' evacuation.' Excessive evi 
 tion, as of blood, bile, &c. 
 HYPERCERASIS, Staphyloma of the co 
 HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of 
 cornea. ' 
 
 HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia. 
 H YPERCINE'SIA, Hyperdue'sis, from' 
 ' above, over,' and Kimo-if (xuea, 'I move,') 
 tion.' Excessive motion. Under the ' 
 hypercinesis, Romberg includes the spasm 
 neuroses. 
 
 Hypercihesia Nervosa, see Irritablf 
 UtBrina, Hysteria. 
 
 HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypoc 
 driasis. 
 
 HYPEROONJONCTIVITM, see Oph 
 raia. 
 
 HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from '»««,' ab 
 and KO|u<p», 'the vertex;' the extreme poi 
 any thing. The lobes of the liver andlunj 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPERCRINIA, Hyperdiac'Hsis, Ch\ 
 ze'tnia, from 'uirsg, 'above,' and njim, 'I s 
 rate.' A morbid increase in the quantity o 
 secretions. 
 
 HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon. Sufi 
 cre'tio, Sitperevacua'tio. An excessive crisi 
 evacuation; a flux. — A very violent, cri 
 
HYPERCYESIS 
 
 443 
 
 BYPJERFLEXIE 
 
 effort, or too copious critical evacuations. — Ga- 
 len. 
 
 HYPERCYESIS, Supertetation. 
 
 HYPERDERM ATO' SIS, Hyperdermato'ma, 
 Ili/perdermo'sis,Hyperdermo'ma,fTOTa'v7Hf,'M 
 excess,' sadhena,' skin.' Hypertrophy of the skin. 
 
 HYPERDIACRISIS, Hypercrinia. 
 
 HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
 
 HYPERliYNAM'IC,Hyperrfi/»aj»'i(!«i,from 
 'airt^, ' in excess,' and (ji/»«^it, 'strength.' Ap- 
 pertaining to or having the characters of hy- 
 perdynamia, or excessive strength of the vital 
 powers more especially. 
 
 HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated. 
 
 HYPEREM'ESIS, Hi/peremes'ia ; Vam'itus 
 profu,',ius, from 'us-bj, 'in excess,' and i/tim, '1 
 vomit.' Excessive vomiting after an emetic. 
 
 HYPER^MIE, Hyperaemia — h^du Cerveau, 
 Cephalohaemia — h. Cerehrah, Cephalohaemia — 
 h. du Foie, Hepatohaemia — h. dt la Motile ipi- 
 nilre, Hypermyelohasmia — A. des JPomnans, 
 
 HrPiRENCiPHALOTROFHIE ; from 
 'vmq, 'in excess,' iynnpaAoi', 'the encephalon,' 
 and Tgotpij, 'nourishment.' Hypertropl;^ of the 
 encephalon. — Piorry. 
 
 !HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,from'v7ts5,'above,' 
 and xKfaiTj, 'the head.' A monster whose 
 brain is situate in the skull. — G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 HTPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation." 
 
 HYPERENERGI'A, from 'unef, 'in excess,' 
 and wtpytia, 'activity.' Excessive activity, as 
 of the nervous system. 
 
 HYPEREPHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis. 
 
 HYPERERETHIS'IA, from '»mg, 'in ex- 
 cess,' and (ge^i^ioj ' I excite.' Excessive irri- 
 tability. 
 
 HYPERES'I A, 'vjrifima, ' a ministry.' This 
 word is sometimes applied to the oi-gansf — 
 when it means function. 
 
 HYPJtRESTH£SIE, Hyperjesthesia. 
 
 HYPERETRIA, Midwife. 
 
 HYPERGEN'ESIS, from 'uttsi, ' in excess,' 
 and yinris, 'generation.' The excess of for- 
 mative power, which gives occasion to mon- 
 strosities by excess of parts. 
 
 HYPERGEUS'TIA, Hypergeu'sis, Hyper- 
 <xtth«' sia lingwas,Oxygeu'sia,{iom'u?rtf, 'above,' 
 and j-si/iTTit, 'taste.' Excessive sensibility of 
 the organ of taste. 
 
 HYPERHjKMATOSIS, Inflammation. 
 
 HYPERH^MIA, Hyperemia. 
 
 HTPERmPATOTROPHIE, Hypertro- 
 ph'ia he'patis, (F.) Hypertrophie du Foie; from 
 '»a-«f, ' in excess,' '1,^05, 'the liver,' and T^i<f ti, 
 ' nourishment.' Hypertrophy of the liver. 
 
 HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERHO'RA, from 'vTrif, 'in excess,' and! 
 •oifa, 'time.' Premature development of the 
 body, or of some part. ■ 
 
 HYPERI'CUMBACCIF'ERUM,Ari»,'«:«?(8 
 ^Kmmif'era Brazilien'sis, Caa-opia. A Brazil- 
 ian tree, whose bark admits a juice, when' 
 wounded, which resembles gamboge. 
 
 Hypericum Perfora'tum, Hyperictim, Fuga 
 ■Jia'monum,, AadrostE'mnm, Ce'rion, Perforated 
 or Common St. John's Won, (F.) Milleperttiis 
 -trdinaire. It is aromatic and astringent, and , 
 enters into a number of aromatic preparations; 
 and, amongst others, into the Falltrancl-s. The 
 
 Oil of St. John's Wort, O'leum hyperiei, BaV- 
 samum hyperiei sim'plex, is made by infusing 
 giv. of the flowers in a quart of olive oil. It ii 
 vulnerary. 
 
 HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 HYPERINESIS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 HYPERINO'SIS, from 'ut»s, 'above,' and 
 If, list, ' flesh.' The condition of the blood in 
 which it contains an increase in the proportion 
 of fibrin, a decrease of the capsules in propor- 
 tion to the excess of fibrin, and an increase of 
 the fat, — as in inflammation. In proportion to 
 the increase of the fibrin and fat, and the de- 
 crease of the corpuscles, the whole solid resi- 
 due will be diminished. Also, morbidly in- 
 creased muscular activity. — Siebenhaar. 
 
 HYPERLYMPH'I A„(F.) HyperlymphU; 
 from 'ua-fj, ' in excess,' and lympha. Excessive 
 formation or accumulation of lymph. 
 
 BYPERM&TROH&MIE, Metrohsmia. 
 
 HYPERMYEOLOH^'MIA, (F,) Byperi- 
 mie de la Moelle £pimlre, Congestion san- 
 guine rachidienne, from 'ua-tj, ' in excess,' if,vi- 
 has, ' marrow,' and 'ai^ia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia 
 of the spinal marrow. 
 
 hrPERJvkpHRO^TROPHIE, from 'uttij, 
 ' in excess,' »sqiQo;, ' kidney,' and T^cfti, ' nou- 
 rishment.' Hypertrophy of the kidney. 
 
 HYPERNEU'RIA, from Suvb^, ' in excess,,l 
 and nujof^'a nerve.' Excessive nervous ac- 
 tivity. 
 
 HYPERNEURO'MA, same etymon. Mor- 
 bid development of the neurine or nervous 
 masses. 
 
 HYPERO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 HYPERO'A, from 'vviq, ' upon,' and mor, ' a 
 high place.' The palatine arch,— the base of 
 the cranium. 
 
 Htperoa, Palate. 
 
 HYPERO'i'TIS, Infiamma'tio pala'ti, Angi'- 
 na Palati'na, (F.) Inflammation du Palais, 
 from hyperoa, ' the palate,' and itis, a. suffix 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 velum palati. 
 
 HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from 'we jaa, ' the pa- 
 late,' and jfttir/ia, ' an opening ;' Lycos'toma, Pa- 
 la'tumflssnm. Fissure of the palate. 
 
 HYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia. 
 
 HYPEROS, Pilum. 
 
 HYPEROSMIA, Hyperosphresia. 
 
 HYPEROSPHRE'SIA, Hyperos'mCa, Byper- 
 asthe'aia olfaeto'ria, Olfac'tus ant'tus, from 
 'uTTsp, and otrtf^Yiiri!, ' smell.' Excessive acute- 
 ness of smell. 
 
 HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
 
 HYPERPATHI'A, from 'vmq, ' in excess/ 
 and va&aq, ' suflering.' Excessive sensibility in 
 disease. 
 
 HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from 'uttb?, ' in ex- 
 cess,' and <fMip, ' a vein.' Too great develop- 
 ment of the venous system — predo^niriant veno- 
 sity. 
 
 HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis. 
 
 HYPERPHLOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sis, Byper- 
 pjjjegm,a' sia, Inflammia'tio peraau'ta, from 'v^it, 
 *above,'and iployaing, ' inflammation.' A high 
 degree of inflammation. 
 
 BYPERPHR£NIE, Mania. 
 
 HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia. 
 
 BYPERFLEXIE, Ecstasis. 
 
HYPERPNEUSTIA 
 
 444 
 
 HYPOCHONDEIACISMUS 
 
 HYPERPNEUSTIA, Flatulence. 
 
 HYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia. 
 
 HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia. 
 
 HYPERSARCO'MA, Sypersareo'sis, Byper- 
 sarxUs, from 'uTij, ' above,' aTnd o-Bgl, ' flesh.' 
 A soft fungous excrescence, especially such as 
 appears upon ulcerated parts. — A fungosity. 
 
 HYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence; Fungosi- 
 ty — h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
 
 HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma. 
 
 HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias. 
 
 HYPERSPASMIA, Convulsiori. 
 
 HYPERSPLANOTROPHIE, Splenoncus. 
 
 HYPERSPONGIA, Spina ventb^a. 
 
 HYPERSTHENI'A, Hyperdyna'mia, Hyper- 
 zoodyka'mia. Status injlammato'rius 'verus ; 
 from 'i/a-sg, 'beyond,' and o-Sevos, 'strength.' 
 Super-excitement; A morhid condition, cha- 
 racterized by over-excitement of all the vital 
 phenomena. 
 
 HYPERSTHENICUS, Active. - 
 
 HYPERTONIA, 'ureeg, ' beybnd,? and toi/oc, 
 ' tone.' Excess of tone in parts. It is opposed 
 to atony. 
 
 HYPERTROPHiE'MIA, from <uniq, 'above,' 
 Tjo?)), 'nourishment,' and '«ij««, 'blood.' A 
 state in virhich the plastic powers_of . the blood 
 are increased. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIA CORDIS, Heart, hyper-, 
 "trophy of the-y-h. Glandularum, Hyperidenosis 
 — h. Hepatis, Hyperhepatotropkie—^h. Intesti- 
 norum, BnterhypertrophiEi — h. Lienis, Splenon- 
 cus — h. Splenis, Splenoncus. 
 
 HYPERTR OPHIE DTI CCEUR, Heart, 
 hypertrophy of the — h. du Foie, Hyperkipato- 
 tro.phie — h. delaRate, Splenoncus — h.du Go,rps 
 Thyro'ide, Bronchocele. 
 HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy. 
 HY'PERTROPHY, Hypertro'ph'ia, from 
 'uiisg, ' beyond,' and Tjotpi), ' nourishment.' The 
 state of a part in which the nutrition is per- 
 formed with greater activity; and which, on 
 that account, at length acquires unusual bulk. 
 The part thus affected'is said to be AKP«rtro^feW. 
 HYPERURESIS, Enuresis— h. Aquosa, Dia- 
 
 JIYPERURORRHME, Diabetes— h. Sac- 
 charine, Diabetes (Mellitus.) 
 
 HYPERZOODYNAMlA, Hypersthenia. 
 
 HYPEX'ODOSi -'uTieloJot, from 'vro, 'be- 
 neath,' and sioSog, 'passing out.'' An alyine 
 discharge or flux. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPEZOCtrS, Diaphragm, Pleura. 
 
 HYPHA, Texture. 
 
 HYPHEMA, Ecchymoma. 
 
 ■HYPH^MATO'SIS, from 'vno, ' under/ and 
 'a'lfiwiacrii, 'sanguification.' Morbidly dimi- 
 nished haematqsis. — Sanguifica'tio debil'ior. 
 
 HYPHyEMOS, Subcruehtus. 
 
 HYPHE, Texture. 
 
 HYPHYDROS, Hydropic. 
 
 HYPINO'SIS, Hypoplas'ma, from 'mo, 'un- 
 der,' and If , ivof, ' flesh.' The condition of the 
 blood in which the quantity of fibrin is fre- 
 quently less than in health, or if it amounts to 
 the usual quantity its proportion to the blood 
 corpuscles is less than in health t the quantity 
 of -itp^puscles is either absolutely increased or 
 their -proportion to the fibrin is larger than in 
 healthy blood ; the quantity of solid constituents 
 is also frequently larger than in health. Such 
 is the condition of the blood in fevers, hemor- 
 rhages, and polyasmia. — Simon. 
 
 HYPNiESTHESIS, Somnolency. 
 HYPNIA'TER, {e.)Hypniatn, from 'vviot, 
 ' sleep,' and tirjot, ' a physician.' A name 
 given to deluded or designing persons who have 
 affirmed that they were able, during their ' mag- 
 netic sleep,' to diagnosticate disease and its ap- 
 propriate treatment. 
 
 HYPNOBATASIS, Somnambulism. 
 HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist. 
 HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
 HYPNOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
 HYPNO'DES, 'v7r,Ut,t, from 'mo, • under,' 
 and 'un-mr, ' sleep.' One in a state of slumber 
 or somnolency. 
 HYPNODIA, Somnolency. / 
 HYPN0L0G"1CA, HypnoUgScl. The part 
 of hygiene which treats of sleep. 
 
 HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolog"ia, from 'umo;, 
 ^nd xoyot, 'a discourse.' Same etymon. A 
 treatise on sleep. The doctrine of sleep. 
 HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism. 
 HYPNOPOEUS, Somniferous. 
 HYPNOS, Slefep. 
 
 HYPNOSIS BIOMAGNETICA, Sleep, 
 magnetic. 
 HYPNOTICUS, Somniferous. 
 HYPNOTIZED, Mesmerized. 
 HYPO, 'urn, 'under," ««J.' In composition. 
 Hypo, Hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOiEMA, Ecchymoma. 
 HYPOXEMIA, Ecchymoma. 
 HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from <vv>, 'under,' 
 and fihi^agov, ' eyelid.' Tumefaction under 
 one or both eyelids. Also, an artificial eye, 
 placed under the eyelids. 
 JHYPOCAPNISMA, Suflimentum. 
 HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
 HYPOCARO'DES,S«5*o;K)»-a'*ai,from'i/T«, 
 'under,' and xajoc, 'a heavy sleep.' One who 
 is in a state approaching carus. — Hippocrates. 
 HYPOCATHAR'SIS, from 'vnc, ' beneath,' 
 and xaS-agotfi ' purgation.' Too feeble purga- 
 tion. A word opposed to hypercatljarsis. 
 HYPOCATHARTlCUS, Laxative. 
 HYPOCAUS'TT;M,from'Ba-o,'beneath,'and 
 xaia, ' I burn.' A name given to a stove, or 
 any such contrivance, to sweat in. Also, a fur- 
 nace in any subterraneous place, used for heating 
 baths: — 'vnottaoarar. Balnea' ri-um, Vapora'' 
 Hum, , 
 
 ' HYPOCEPHALjE'UM, from 'otto, ' under,' 
 and xKpaitj, ' head.' A pillovir for the head. 
 
 HYPOCERCHA'LEOI^, from fum, and xfj- 
 ;f«icor, 'hoarse.' Roughness of the fauces af- 
 fecting the voice. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, suh-pd'lidl ni'- 
 gricans, from 'uiro, ;r\m^oc, ' greeH,' and fitKos, 
 ' black.' A term applied to one whose skin is 
 pale, with a blackish hue. — Hippocr., Galen. 
 HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen. 
 HY'POCHONDRE, Hypochon'drium, Sub- 
 cartilagin'eum, Re'gio Hypoehondri'tfCa, Hy- 
 •pochon'driac Region, from 'i/tto, 'under,' and 
 XovS^'s, ' a cartilage.' Each lateral and supe- 
 rior region of the abdomen is so called, because 
 it is bourtded by the cartilaginous margin of the 
 false ribs, which forms the base of the chest. 
 There is a right and' a left hypochondrium. 
 
 HYPOCHON'DRIAC, Hypocfiondn'acus ; 
 same etymon. Belonging to hypochondriasis. 
 One labouring under hypochondriasis. 
 HYPOCHONDRIACISMUS, Hypochondria- 
 
HYPOCHONDRIALGIA 
 
 445 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIADENITIS 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. Alu'- 
 sia hypochondriasis J Morbus kypoehondri'acus, 
 2tT, Kesiocato'riuS) M, Ructuo'sus, Malum hy- 
 pochondri'acum, Hallucina'tio hypochondria- 
 sis j Hypochondriacis'mus,Hypochondricis'muSf 
 Syspep'sia hypochondriasis, Pas*sio hypochon- 
 driacal Affuc'tio hypochondriacal Anathymi'asis, 
 Kypercine' sis gastrica, Splenes^ Melancholia 
 nervea, M. flatuo'sa, M, hypochondri'aca, Suf- 
 foca'tio hypochondri'aca, Morbus fiatuo'sus, 
 M. erudito'rum. Pomes ventric'uli,>Hypochon- 
 drism. Hypo, Spleen, the Vapours, the' En- 
 glish Malady, Low Spirits, (F.) HypochondHe, 
 Maladie imaginairc, Maladie Anglaise, Affec- 
 tion vaporeuse, Vapeurs. This disease is pro- 
 bably so called, from the circumstance of some 
 hypochondriacs having felt an lineaSy sensation 
 in the hypochondriac regions. The disease 
 seems really to be, as Pinel has classed it, a 
 species of neurosis, and of mental alienation, 
 which is observed in persons who in other 
 respects are of sound judgment, but vrho reason 
 erroneously on whatever concerns their own 
 health. Hypochondriasis is characterized "by 
 disordered digestion, without fever or local 
 lesion; flatulence; borborygmi; extreme in- 
 crease of sensibility; palpitations; illusions of 
 the senses; a succession of morbid feelings, 
 which appear to simulate the greater part of 
 diseases ; panics ; exaggerated uneasiness of va- 
 rious kinds; chiefly in what regards the health, 
 &c. Indigestion has usually been considered 
 the cause of hypochondriasis. They are, un- 
 questionably, much connected with each pther : 
 but there is every reason to believe, that the 
 seat of the affection is really, though function- 
 ally, in the brain. The disease almost always 
 appears at the adult age, most commonly in ir- 
 ritable individuals; and, in those exhausted, or 
 rather in the habit of being e:diausted, by men- 
 tal labour, overwhelmed with domestic or pub- 
 lic affairs, &c. 
 
 The treatment is almost entirely moral. The 
 condition of the digestive function must, how- 
 ever, be accurately attended to. 
 
 H¥POCHONDRICISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochbndriasis. 
 
 HYPOCHOREMA, Excrement. 
 
 HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, 
 ExcrementL 
 
 HYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic. 
 
 HYPOCHYMA, Cataract. 
 
 HYPOCHYROSIS, Baryecoia. 
 
 HYPOCHYSIS H^MATODES, Hsmoph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 HYPOCISTUS, Cytinus. 
 
 HYPOCLEP'TICUM, from 'v„c, 'beneath,' 
 and KXevrw, ' I steal.' A chymical vessel, for- 
 merly used for separating oil from water. 
 
 HYPOCCELIS, Palpebra inferior. 
 
 HYPOCffiLIUM, Abdomen. 
 
 HYPOeCELUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra infe- 
 rior. 
 
 HYPOCOI'LON, Hypocm'lon, ffypaea'ltim, 
 Hypoc'ylum, from 'otto, ' under,' and xttiiar, ' a 
 cavity.' A cavity situate under the lower eye- 
 lid.- The;'lower eyelid itself. 
 
 HYPOCOPHOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
 
 HYPOCRA-NIUM (Apostema), from 'vno, 
 'under,' and xftvur, 'the cranium.' A collec- 
 tion of pus between the craniiSin and dura ma- 
 ter. 
 
 HYPOCYLUM,Hypocoilon,Pa]pebra inferior. 
 
 HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 
 HYPODERIS, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODERMAT'OMY, Hypodermatom'ia : 
 from 'uTo, 'under,' iefiia, 'the skin,' and tO|K1j, 
 ' incision.' The section of subcutaneous parts, 
 as of tendons and muscles. 
 
 HYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODERRHIS, Epideris. 
 
 HYPODESMA, Bandage. 
 
 HYPODESMIS, Bandage. 
 
 HYPODYNAMIC, Adynamic. 
 
 HYPODYN'IA, from 'ureo, ' under,' and o^i/n,, 
 'pain.' Dolor mitis sen lenis , A slight pain. 
 
 HYPOGALA, Hypopyon.- 
 
 HYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'u7roy«o-T/iiov, 
 'the hypogastrium,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain 
 in the hypogastrium. 
 
 HYPOGAS'TRIC, Hypogas'tricus. Relating 
 or belonging to the hypogastrium. 
 
 Hyposastric Akteey, A. Ili'aca inter'na. A, 
 Ili'aca posterior. A- pclvienne, ( — Ch.) is the 
 more internal of the two branches into which 
 the primary iliac divides. It descends into the 
 cavity of the pdlvis, and gives.off a considerable 
 number of branches, which arise, at times, se- 
 parately,, at others-, by common trunks. These 
 branches are, 1, The, posterior, i. e. the ilior 
 lumbar arteries, lateral, sacral, and gluteal. 2. 
 The anterior, i. e. the umbilical, vesical, and 
 obturator. 3. The internal, the middle hemor- 
 rhoidal arteries, uterine, and vaginal in women. 
 4. The inferior, i. e. the ischiaiic arteries, and 
 internal pudic. 
 
 Hypogastric Operation of Lithotomy, 
 (F.) Taille hypogastrique. The high operation, 
 or tiiat practised above the pubes. 
 
 Hyposastric Plexds, Plexus sous-mesente- 
 rique^of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and 
 posterior parts of the rectum and the bas fond 
 of the bladder. It is formed by the sacral 
 nerves and the inferior mesenteric plexus, and 
 gives off numerous filaments, which accompany 
 the arteries that pass to the rectum and geni- 
 tal organs. 
 
 Hyposastric Vein furnishes nearly the same 
 branches. 
 
 HYPOGASTRION, Abdomen. 
 
 HYPOGAS'TRIUM,B'3r^og-a*'t«"o»,from'wo, 
 'under,' and yaanq, 'the stomach or. belly;' 
 Etron, ijTgov, Venter imus,V. parvus, Aqualie'- 
 ulus, Sumen, Rumen, The lower part of the 
 abdomen. The Hypogastric region, Re(gio hy- 
 pogas'trica seu hypogas'tria, which extends as 
 high as three fingers' breadth beneath the um- 
 bilicus, is divided into the three secondary re- 
 gions — one middle or pubic, and two lateral or 
 
 HYPOGASTROCE'LE, from 'ureu, 'under,' 
 yao-rijg, 'the stomach or belly,' and xri\T\, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Hernia in the hypogastric region, oc- 
 cui^ring through the separated fibres of the 
 lower part-of the lihea alba. See Hernia, hy- 
 pogastric. 
 
 HYP0GASTR0DID'YMUS,Xii<^V'««jS2/»«- 
 phyohypogas'tricus,Ischiopages,iTora'v!ro,'ViU- 
 der,' yarcrii, 'the belly,' and iiSvfios, < a twin.' 
 A monstrosity in which twins are united by the 
 hypogastrium. — Gurlt. 
 
 HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIADEN I 'TIS, from '«iro, 'under,' 
 
HYPOGLOSSIDIA 
 
 446 
 
 HYPOSPADIA 
 
 yiMo-TO, ' tongue,' aini', ' a glanil,' ana itis, denot- 
 ing inflammation. Inflamma'tio glandula'rum 
 luUingua'lium; Inflammation of the sublin- 
 gual gland. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIS, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSIUM, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus hypoglbssum, 
 Kanula. ' 
 
 HYPOGLOS'SUS, from 'Wo, ' under,' and 
 yJliua-o-a, ' the tongue.' That which is under the 
 tongue. 
 
 Hypoglossus, Hypoglossal Nerve, Nerf Hy- 
 poglosse ou Grand Hypoglosse, Hypoglossien 
 (Ch.), JJinguaZ iV., Gustatory JV., Liligua'lis 
 Me'dius, is the ninth pair of nerves of many ana- 
 tomists. It arises by ten or twelve very fine 
 filaments from the grooves, whi?h separate the 
 corpora py ramidalia fromtheC.olivaria; issues 
 from the cranium by the foramen condyloideum 
 anterius; and divides, near the angle of the 
 jaw, into two branches ; the one the cervica'lis 
 descendens or descen' dens noni. It forms, with 
 the cervical plexus, a large anastomotic arch, 
 and furnishes branches to several of the mus- 
 cles of the neck. The other,'the fo'Mg-MfflZ branch, 
 is the continuation of the principal trunk, and 
 gives its numerous filaments to the muscles of 
 the tongue and pharynx. The ninth pair com- 
 municates motion to the muscles to which it is 
 distributed. 
 
 HYPOGLOTTIA, HyJ)oglottides. 
 
 HYPOGLOTT'IDES,(PILULiE,)fl5rpo^;o*'. 
 Mia,IIypoglot'tia,Hypoglos'sd, Hypoglot'ta, Hy- 
 poglossid'ia,PiV vice sullingua'les . Pills placed 
 under the tongue to dissolve there. 
 
 HYPOGLOTTIS, Ranula. 
 
 HYPOGLU'TIS, from '««, ' under,' and 
 •/Xtirtut, ' the nates.' The lower and projecting 
 part of the nates. — Gorrsus. 
 
 HYPOGNATHADEN, Submaxillary gland. 
 
 mVOGl>SKT:nKDYm!'n^,Hyposialadeni'- 
 tis, from hijpognathaden, the submaxillary gland, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the submaxillary gland. 
 
 HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 HYPO'MIA, from 'uvo, ' under,' and 01^05, 
 'the shoulder.' The projecting part of the 
 shoulder. — Castelli, Galen. 
 
 Hypomia, Axilla. 
 
 HYPOMNESIS, Memory. 
 
 HYPONAR TH&CIE, Hyponarthe cia, from 
 'una, ' under,' and yaf^tji, ' a splint.' A term 
 used byJM. Mayor for his mode of treating 
 fractures by position only, — the limb resting 
 upon a properly cushioned board or splint. 
 
 HYPONEU'RIA, froni 'v-ro, 'under,' and 
 lEufon, 'a nerve.' Morbidly diminished ner- 
 vous energy. 
 
 HYPON'OMOS, Ulcus suhtus depas'eens, 
 from 'uTo, ' under,' and n/jLu, ' I feed.' A deep 
 fistula or ulcer. 
 
 HYPON'YCHON, from 'utto, 'under,' and 
 wuj, the nail.' Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon. Effu- 
 sion of blood under a pail. 
 
 HYPOPATHI'A, Subaffec'tio, from -uto, 
 'under,' and Traiog, 'disease.' A disease of a 
 slight character. 
 
 HYPOPATUS, Dejectio; 
 
 HYPOPE'DIUM,from'u7ro,'under,'and>rou?, 
 ' the foot.' A cataplasm for the sole of the foot. 
 
 HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'utto, 'under,' and 
 ifuira, ' I appear.' That state of the eyes in 
 
 which the white only is seen through the open- 
 ing of the eyelids. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHLEGMASIA, Subinflammatio. 
 
 HYPOPH'ORA, from '0710, 'under,' and cpifo, 
 ' I, carry;' Ulcus simto'swni ^eyi fistula' sum, A 
 fistulous ulcer. — Galen. A dejection. 
 
 HYPOPHTHALMIAi Hypepyon. 
 
 HYPOPHTHAL'MION, from 'urfo, ' under,' 
 and o-^^alftag, ' the eye.^ That part under the 
 eye wheffe (edema generally commences in 
 chronic diseases and in cachexia. — Hippocrates. 
 
 HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone— h. Cere- 
 bri, Pituitary gland. 
 
 HYPO'PIUM, from 'u-ra, 'under,' and ayp, 
 ' eye.' The part of the face under the eye^— 
 a blacik eye. 
 
 Hypopium OS, Malffi os. 
 
 HYPOPLASMA, Hypinosis. 
 
 HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura. 
 
 HYPOPO'DIA, Supplanta'lia, Suppeda'nea, 
 from 'ujro, 'under,' and nouc, 'tie foot.' Re- 
 medies, as sinapisms, which are applied under 
 the foot. 
 
 HYPO<PYON, Hypopyum, HypophthaVmia, 
 PyophthaVmia, ETnpye'sis seu Diapye-'sis Oc*- 
 uliy Oc'uliis purulen'tus, Jjunella, Hypog'ala, 
 Hypopyum lac'tewm, Pyo'iis, Abscessus O&uli, 
 Parop'sis Staphylo'ma piirulentuM; from 'Ihto, 
 'under,' and nvir, 'pus;' because the pus is 
 under the cornea. This name has been given 
 to small abscesses between the laminae rf the 
 cornea, as well as to different purulent-collec- 
 tions in the chambers of the eye ; hence, some 
 pathologists have distinguished Hypo'pyon of 
 the chambers, from Hypo'pyon of the Cor'nia. 
 In abscesses of the chambers, the purulent mat- 
 ter is mixed with the aqueous humour, which 
 it* renders turbid; and is deposited particularly 
 at the lower part of the eye; forming behind 
 the corriea a Kind of whitish crescent, that 
 rises more or less before the pupil, and closes 
 it entirely or in part. It requires the use of 
 local and general antiphlogistics, and sorbefa- 
 cients. At times, it is necessary to puncture 
 the cornea arid evacuate the pus. 
 
 HYPOPYUM LACTEUM, Hypopyon. 
 
 HYPORIN'ION, Hyporrhin'ium, from 'vwo, 
 ' under,' and pa, ' the nose.' That part of the 
 beard which grows beneath the nose. The 
 mustaches. Also, the upper lip. 
 
 HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus. 
 
 HYPOSA'PRUS, Suhjiutris, Putres'cmi. 
 Growing putrid. Slightly putrid. 
 
 HYPOSAR'CA, fxom'uni, 'under,' and ir«f|, 
 ' flesh.^ Hyposarcidios, Anasarca. In LinnS's 
 and in Cullen's Nosology, it is synonymous 
 with Physconia. 
 
 HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca. 
 
 HYPOSARCO'SIS, from 'oto, ' under,' aid 
 <ra^xmrit, 'a fleshy growth.' A small fleshy 
 growth: — a wart. 
 
 HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from '»<ro, 
 'under,' erjajiv, ' the jawbone,' ap^/ior,' a joint,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation; Injlaimm'tio 
 artie'uli maxil'la inferio'ris. Inflammation of 
 the joint of the lower jaw. 
 
 HYPOSIALADENlTISjHypognathadenitis. 
 
 HYPOSPA'DlA, from 'uto, 'under,' and 
 otaw, ' I draw.' A malformation, in which 
 the canal of the urethra, instead of opening at 
 the apex of the glans, terminates at its base, or 
 beneath the penis, at a greater or less distance 
 from the symphysis pubis. When the orifice 
 
HYPOSPADIAS 
 
 447 
 
 HYSTERIA 
 
 of the urethra is very near the root of the penis, 
 the scrotum is divided, as it were, into two 
 great labia; and this malformation has often 
 been taken for a case of hermaphrodism. Hy- 
 pospadias is ordinarily incurable; and an idea 
 has been entertained that it is the cause of im- 
 potence. It is not exactly so; but it renders 
 impregnation less probable. 
 
 HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadia'us, Hypo- 
 tpad icus . One affected with hypospadia. 
 
 HYl'OSPHAG'MA, from 'uts, 'under,' and 
 fftpaiie, ' I kill.' The coagulated blood, which 
 is collected when an animal is killed and used 
 'for food. Also, an effusion of blood, espe- 
 cially under the conjunctiva. 
 
 Hyposph AGMA , Hjsmo'phthalmia. 
 
 HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphylcedetoa. 
 
 HYPOSTAPHYLITIS, Slaphyloedema. 
 
 HYPOSTASES, from '"ret, 'under,' and 
 o-roirif , ' the act of placing.' Morbid deposi- 
 tions in the body. 
 
 HYPOSTASIS, Sediment. 
 
 HYPOSTAT'IC, Hypostat'icus, from 'utto, 
 'under,' and tnnait, ' stagnation.' Relating to 
 hypostases, sediments or depositions. 
 
 Hypostatic Hyperjemia. A congestion of 
 blood in the vessels of a part caused by its de- 
 pending position. 
 
 HYPOSTEMA, Sediment. 
 
 HYPOSTHENIC, ContrSstimulant. 
 
 HYPOS'TROPHE, 'i/Tioo-Tgocfii, 'change of 
 position,' from 'um, and s-T^Ecpor, ' I turn.' 
 Act of a patient turning himself. Also, a re- 
 lapse or return of a disease. — Hippoc, Foesius. 
 
 HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from 'utio, 'under,' and 
 Syphilis. A mild form of syphilis. 
 
 HYPOTH'ENAR, Sub'vola, from 'utt., « un- 
 der,' and *£»aj, 'the palm of the hand or sole 
 of the foot.' 
 
 Hypothenar Eminence is the fleshy projec- 
 tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which 
 corresponds with the little finger, and is sup- 
 ported by the fifth metacarpal bone. This emi- 
 nence is formed of four muscles : the Talmaris 
 hTevisy-Adductor minimi digiti. Flexor brevis 
 mini<mi digiti, and Opponens minimi digiti. 
 The name Hypothenar has also been given to 
 different muscles of the hand. The Hypothenar 
 min'im^ digiti of Riolan comprehended the Ab- 
 ductor, Flexor brevis add Opfonens minimi di- 
 giti; and his muscle, Hypothenar pol'licis, 
 corresponded tothe ^W«cfor, and a portion of 
 the Flexor brevis pqllicis. Winslow called 
 muscle petit hypothenar ou hypothenar du petit 
 doigtf the Addtictor minimi digiti* 
 
 Hypothenar Minimi Digiti, Flexor parvus 
 minimi digiti — h. Minor metacarpeus, Abductor 
 minimi digiti — ^h. Riolani, Flexor parvus mini- 
 mi digiti. 
 
 HYPOTHETON, Suppository. 
 
 HYPOTHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 
 HYPO'TIUM, (Bmplastrum;) from 'uro, 
 ' under,' and out, ' the ear.' Bmplastrum au- 
 ricula'ri; a plaster applied behind or under the 
 ear. 
 
 HYPOTROPE, Relapse. 
 
 HYPOTROPH'IA, from <Hjro, ' under,' and 
 T"<pii , ' nourishment.' Scanty nourishment, or 
 nutrition. 
 
 HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse. 
 
 HYPOTRYGUS, Feculent. 
 
 HYPOUTRION, Abdomen. 
 
 HYPOZO'MA, from 'uiro, 'under,' and ti»v- 
 »!////, 'I bind round;' Membrana sneeih'gens. 
 A membrane or septufia, as the mediastinum, 
 diaphragm, &c. 
 
 HVPPOCRAS, Claret. 
 
 HYPSELOGLOSSUSj Basioglossus. 
 
 HYPSILODES, OS, Hyoides, os. 
 
 HYPSILOGOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
 
 HYPSOPHO'NUS, from 'i/^ot, 'high,' and 
 qj'ojvH, ' voice.' One who has a clear loud voice. 
 
 HYPSOSIS, Sublimation. 
 
 HYPTIASMA, Supination. 
 
 HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'uTrtiato,, ' I lie with 
 the face upwards.' Lying in a supine posture. 
 Also, inversion of the stornach, as in nausea, 
 regurgitation, or vomiting — Hippocr., Galen. 
 
 HYPU'LUS, from 'uTtii, and ovM, 'cicatrix.' 
 Imperfectly cicatrized. 
 
 ■ Ulcera Uypu'lk. Ulcers healed at the top, 
 but not at the bottom. 
 
 HYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi. 
 
 HYSSOP, Hyssopus— h. Hedge, Gratiola offi- 
 cinalis. 
 
 HYSSOPI'TES. Ancient name of a wine, 
 of which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and 
 which Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflam- 
 mation of the chest. It was regarded as diu- 
 retic and emmenagogue. 
 
 HYSSO'PUS, from the Hebr. Azob, Cassi'- 
 ala, Hyssopus o^fficina'lis. Common hyssop. It 
 has been chiefly used as an aromatic, stimulant, 
 and pectoral, in the form of infusion. 
 
 HYSTERA, 'uoTiftt, 'uo-rsei;, 'the uterus.' 
 Hence : 
 
 Hystera, Secundines. 
 
 HYSTERAL'GIA, Hysterodyn'ia,(F.) Por- 
 traiture, from 'ycTjfa, ' the uterus,' and a^ya, 
 'pain.' Pain in the uterus. Irritable uterus, 
 (F.) Nevralgie de Vuterus. Hippocrates uses 
 the epithet Hysteral'ges, '\j(rtnqaXyTjs, for any 
 thing that excites uterine pain; and, espe- 
 cially, for vinegar. 
 
 Hysteralgia Catarrhalis, Metrorrheu- 
 ma — h. Galactica, Phlegmatia alba dolens — ^h. 
 Lochiiilis, Dyslochia — h. Rheumatica, Metror- 
 rheuma. 
 
 HYSTERATRE'SIA, from W«f o, ' the ute- 
 rus,' and oifijTot, 'imperforate.' Imperfora- 
 tion of the os uteri. 
 
 HYSTERELCO'SIS, from 'tioTspo, ' uterus,' 
 and 'iXxut, ' an ulcer.' XJ'teri exulcera'tio, TJ'te- 
 ri ulcus. Ulceration of the uterus. 
 HYSTERELOSIS, Hyst'eroloxia. 
 
 HYSTER EMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTE'RIA, Hystericis'mus, HysterismMs, 
 Hysteritts," Hysteri'asis, Hysteropathi'a, Hy- 
 perbine'sia uteri'na,H. hysteria}, TTteri a'dsce.n'- 
 sus, Suffoca'tio hyster'ica, S. uteri'na, S. Mu- 
 lie'rum. Asthma u'terifFrcefoca'tio matri'cis seu 
 uteri'na,Syspa' sid hysteria,Malumhyster'ieum, 
 M. hystericohypochondri'acum; Vapo'res uteri'- 
 ni, Affec'tio hyster'ica, Passio hysterica. Morbus 
 hyster'icu&,Strangula'tio uteri'na,S .VijtlV'(B,Ya- 
 pows, Hyster'ics, Hysteric fit, (F.) Hysteric, 
 Mai de Mere, Maladie imaginaire, Passion 
 hysteri-que. Suffocation uterine, itranglement, 
 Epilepsie uterine, VapeuTs, Manx de Nerfs, 
 from 'uo-teso, ' the uterus.' A species of neurosis, 
 classed amongst the spasirii by Sauvages and 
 Cullen, and in the Nevroses de la generation, 
 by Pinel. It received the name of hysteria, 
 because it was reputed to have its seat in the 
 uterus. It generally occurs in paroxysms; the 
 
HYSTERIAS 
 
 443 
 
 HYSTKIX 
 
 principsil characters of ■which consist in alter- 
 nate iftts of laughing and crying, with a sensa- 
 tion as if a ball set oift from the uterus and 
 ascended towards the stomach, chest, and neck, 
 producing a sense of strangulation. If tlie at-' 
 tack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of 
 consciousness (although the presence of con- 
 sciousness generally distinguishes it from epi- 
 lepsy) and convulsions. The duration of the 
 attacks is very variable. It appea.rs to be de- 
 pendent upon irregularity of nervous distribu- 
 tion in very impressible persons, and is not con- 
 fined to the female ; for vpell marked <;ases of 
 hysteria are occasionally met with in men. 
 During the fit, — dashing cold water on the face ; 
 stimulants applied to the nose or. exhibited in- 
 ternally, and antispasmodics form the thera- 
 prutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity of mind, 
 amusing and agreeable occupations constitute 
 the prophylactics. See Mania, dancing. 
 
 Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy. 
 
 HYSTERIAS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria. . 
 
 HYSTERICS, Hysteria. 
 
 BYSTgRIE, Hysteria. 
 
 HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria. , ^ 
 
 HYStERITES, Hydrbmetra. 
 -HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydtometra. 
 
 HYSTEROCARaiNOMA,Met;rocarcinoma< 
 
 HYSTERDCE'LE, from 'i«rTE{«,'the womb,' 
 and niixj;, ' hernia.' Hernia uteri. Hernia of 
 the womb. , This is a rare disease. The womb 
 may protrude through the inguinal or the cru- 
 ral canal, or through the lower part of the Unea 
 alba. 
 
 HVSTEROCELE NuDA, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROCOLICA, Colica uterina. 
 
 HYSTEROCNES'MDS; from 'uoTs^a, ' ute- 
 rus,' and xv»o-|itoc, ' itching.' Pruritus of the 
 uterus or genitals. 
 
 HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy. 
 
 H.YSTF.RO-CYSTIC, Hys>lerocys'tictis,fTom 
 'umga, ' the uterus,' and xva-ut, ' the bladder.' 
 Relating to the uterus and bladder. Some au- 
 thors have called Hystero-cystic Retention of 
 HI ine, that which is caused by the compression 
 of the bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy, 
 
 HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'vo-riQn, 
 ' the worab,'Ki/<rTi?, ' the bladder,' and jtijJi), 'a 
 tumour.' Hernia of the uterus complicated 
 with displacement of the bladder. 
 
 HYSTERODYNIA, Hysteralgia. 
 
 HYSTERffiDEMA, Hydrometra. 
 
 HYS'TEROID, Hystero'des, Hysteroi'des, 
 from ' hysteria,' ajid eiiug, < resemblance,' Re- 
 .ssmbling hysteria; — as a hysteroid , disease, 
 symptom, &c. 
 
 HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterotog"ia, from 
 'uo-noa, ' the uterus,' and \6>oc, ' a description,' 
 A treatise on the sound arid morbid uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROLOX'IA, Hysterelo'sis, Obliq'- 
 idtas u'teri, Situ&, ohli'quus uteri, Flexio seu 
 versio incomfie'ta uteri, IncUna'tio uteri, Me- 
 trolox'ia, Metrocimtps'is, Uterus oUi'quus, U. 
 IiicUiia'tus ; from 'oixcea, 'the uterus,' and 
 xo ;oc, 'oblique,' An oblique position of the 
 uterus, occutring during pregnancy. Antever- 
 sion oftJie uterus, Hysterolox'ia anterior, An- 
 teversio uteri, "Pron^'tio uteri. Venter propen- 
 dens ; and Retroversion of the rtterus, Hystero- 
 lor/in. posterior, Retrover'sio uteri, Reflex'io 
 uteri completa, are varieties. 
 
 HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Systeromalaco'sis, 
 HysteroTnalaeo'ma, MetroTnalaco'sis^ Metromor- 
 laco'ma, Malaco'sis uteri, EmoHif'ies uteri mor- 
 bosa,Putrescen'tiau'terigrav'idi, from 'u^rsga, 
 ' the uterus,' and iMx^xia, ' softness,' Softness 
 of the uterus during pregnancy, which renders 
 it liable to rupture in labour. 
 
 HYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalaoia, 
 
 HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever. 
 
 HYSTERON'CUS, from 'vrnqa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and oyxm, ' tumouf.' Tumor uteri. A 
 tumour of , the uterus. 
 
 HYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS,from'wTsea,'the 
 uterus,' and srajoxuoit, ' paralysis.' Paralysis 
 of the uterus, 
 
 H YSTEROPATHI' A, from 'u^riQa, ' themte- 
 rus,' and raflofj 'suffering,' Disease or ' suf- 
 fering in the uterus. Also, hysteria, arid deute- 
 ropathia. 
 
 HY STEROPHYSE,'Physometra. 
 
 HYSTEROPHi'Y SIS, from 'uffitja, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and auffs, ' wind.' Distention of the ute- 
 rus with air ; Emphysema uteri.* 
 
 HYSTEROiPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis. 
 
 HYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus. 
 
 HYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra. 
 
 HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from'uoTtja, 'the 
 womb,' and reTWD-is, 'fall;' FrolapsUs uteri. 
 Also Inversio uteri, Anas'irophe uteri. In a 
 general sense, a protrusion of any of the genital 
 organs or of excrescences from them into the 
 genital passages ; ^doptosis. 
 
 Hystekoptosis, Prolapsus uteri — ^h. Vaginae 
 prolapsus. Prolapsus vaginae. 
 
 . HYSTERORRHAGIA SANGUINEA, irfe- 
 trorrhagia. 
 
 HYSTERORRHEXIS,trterus,ruptHreofth^ 
 
 HYSTERORRHCEA, Metrorrhagia— h. Mu- 
 cosa, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus. 
 
 HYS'TI;R0SC0PE, from 'unTija, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and <rxontm, ' I view.' A metallic mirror 
 used in inspecting the state of the os uteri, for 
 throwing the rays of a taper to the. bottom of 
 the speculum uteri. — Colombat dfe I'Isere. 
 
 H YSTyEROSTOMA, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from \(rrtM, 
 ' the womt,' a-T'ifi-a, ' orifice,', and rsfcmr, ' to 
 cut.' An instrument invented by Coutouly 
 for dividing the os uteri, when it is important- to 
 deliver immediately, a^ in cases of convulsions. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri. 
 
 HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hysterot'omy. Same 
 etymon as Hysterotomus. Caesareau section. 
 Also, dissection of the uterus, 
 
 HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Csesarean sec- 
 tion, 
 
 HYSTEROT'OMUS, from 'u»-nea, 'the 
 womb,' and ri/j,ieiv, 'to cut,? An instrument 
 for dividing the womb through the vagina. It 
 is a kind of Bistouri cache, and is intended to 
 divide the cervix uterj, 
 
 HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra, 
 
 HYSTRIASIS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYSTRICrASIS,ja'i/s«n'assi,H!/s'*r»r,ffy*- 
 tricis'mus, Cerostro'sis, Tricho'sis setn'sa,l!om 
 'vTs 5 iS, ' a hedgehog or porcupine.' A disease 
 of the hairs, in which they stand erect like the 
 quills of the porcupine. 
 
 HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciasis. 
 
 HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis. 
 
lAMA 
 
 449 
 
 ICHTHYOSIS 
 
 I. 
 
 lAMA, Medicartient. 
 
 lAMATOLOGT, Materia medica. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA, see Pre- 
 scription. 
 
 lAMATOSYNTAXIS, see Composition. 
 
 lAMATCiTAXIOLOGIAj see Prescription. 
 
 lASIMOS, Curable. 
 
 lASIS, Curation. 
 
 lATERIA, Medicina. 
 
 lATERIUS, Medicinal. 
 
 lATRALEIP'TlCE, latralipHei {Ars), la- 
 traleiptie method; same etymon. The method 
 of treating diseases adopted by the latraleiptes, 
 that is, by friction chiefly. , 
 
 lATRALEP'TES, latraleip'tes, latralip'ta, 
 latroleip'tes, Med'ieus Unguenta'Hus ; from 
 ixTfot, ' a jphysician,' and ahuifa, ' I anoint.' 
 One who treats diseases by unguents, frictions, 
 and by external means generally. Prodicus, a 
 disciple of ^sculapius, was the chiefof the I9- 
 traleptes. 
 
 lATRALIPTES, latraleiptes. 
 
 lATRALIPTICE, latraleiptice. 
 
 lATREUSIOLOG'lA, from Miqivfis, 'the, 
 exercise of the art of healing,' and xoj/o;, ' a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of the exercise of the 
 healing art. — Reil. 
 
 lATREUSIS. The exercise of the healing 
 art. 
 
 lATRIA, Medicine. 
 
 lATRICE, Medicina. 
 
 lATRI'NJE, Medicina. Also, a female prac- 
 titioner of medicine ; a midwife. 
 
 lATRI'ON, Iatre!on, liitron. The house or 
 office of a physician or surgeon. Also, the 
 physician's fee or honorfmum. 
 
 lATROCHEMIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 lATROCHYMIA, Chymiatria. 
 
 lATROGNOMTCA, latrogviom'iee ; from 
 larjot,, ' a physician,' and yivao-na, ' I know.' 
 A knowledge of medical objects. — Hufeland. 
 
 lATROLEIPTES, latraleiptes. 
 
 lATJROLOG'TA, latrol'ogy, from iwjof, «a 
 physician,' and xoyot, ' a description.' A trea- 
 tise on physic and physicians. 
 
 lATRO-MATHEMATICAL PHYSI- 
 CIANS, latromathemat'ici, Mechanical physi- 
 cians. 
 
 lATROMECHANICI, Mechanical physi- 
 cians. 
 
 lATRON, latrion. 
 
 lATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical. 
 
 lATROSOPHIS'TA, fronl (argot,' < a physi- 
 cian,' and 0-0? iirTijf , ' one skilled in an art or sci- 
 ence.' A learned, or theoretically educated 
 physician. 
 
 lATROTEiCH'NA, latrotech'nes; from la- 
 tpos, 'a physician,' and rsjfvi/, 'art.' A practi- 
 cal'physician or surgeon. 
 
 lATROTECHNICE, Medicina, Therapeu- 
 tics. 
 
 lATRUS, Physician ; also, a surgeon. 
 
 IBERIS, Lepidium iberis — i. Sophia, Carda- 
 mine pratensis. > 
 
 IBICUIBA, Becuiba, Beeuiha nux. A spe- 
 cies of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel 
 of which is ranked amongst balsamic remedies. 
 
 IBIS, ijSts. A bird held sacred by the Egyp- 
 
 tians. When sick, it is asserted, that it was 
 wont to inject the water of the Nile into its fun- 
 dament J whence, according to Langius, was 
 learned the use of .glysters. 
 
 IBISCHA MISMALVA, Althsa. 
 
 IBISCUS, Althaa. 
 
 IBIX0MA, Saponaria. ' 
 
 ICE, Sax. ir, Gla'cies, Frozen watery (F.) 
 Glace. Iced water is much used internally, as 
 the best refrigerant in fever. It is, also, ap- 
 plied externally, in cases of External inflam- 
 mation, as well as in phrenitic, and hernial af- 
 fections, &c. 
 
 ICE-COLl), Icy cold, (E.) Froid glacial. A 
 very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared 
 by the patient to that which would be produced 
 by the application of pieces of ice. ' , 
 
 ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Hot springs are found in every part of Iceland.' 
 The most noted of these is one called Geyser, 
 two days' journey from Hecja, and near Skal- 
 holt. The diameter of the basin is 59 feet ; and 
 the height to which the water is thrown, is often 
 more than 100. The heat of the water is 219°. 
 
 ICE-PLANT, Mesembryanthemum crystal- 
 linum, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 ICHNUS, i;kvo;. The foot. The sole of the 
 foot. The -heel. 
 
 ICHOR, /j^iuj, lehos. The serum of the 
 blood. Sanies, Sordes, Virus, Pus m.a'lignvm,, 
 Tabum. A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge. 
 
 ICHOROIDES, Ichorous. 
 
 ICH'OROUS. Ichoro'sus, Ichorofdes, Sanio'- 
 isusy Sa'nious'. Belonging to or reseinbling 
 ichor. 
 
 ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt. 
 
 ICHTHYOCOL'LA, from ix^ut, '9. fish,' 
 and v-oXXa, ' glue.' Colla Pis'ciump I'singlass, 
 Fish-glue, (F.) Ichthyocolle, Colic dc Poisson. 
 A name given to the dried fish bladder of the 
 Adpemser huso, and other species of acipenser, 
 which is almost wholly composed of gelatin, 
 and is employed in medicine in the formation 
 of nutritive jellies. It is, also, occasionally 
 used in anatomical injections., The English 
 Court Plaster is made with it. 
 
 ICHTHYOPH' AGISTS, Ichthyoph'agi, from 
 i^iis, ' a fish,' and <tayiii, ' I eat.' People who 
 feed habitually on fish; — generally the, most 
 uncivilized of mankind. 
 
 ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous. 
 
 ICHTHYOSE, Ichthyosis. 
 
 ICHTHYO'SIS, from ix9vi, ' a fish,' from 
 the resemblance of the scales to those of a fish. 
 Lepido'sis Ichthyi'asis, Lepra Ichthyo' sis, Le- 
 pido'sis Ichthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), 
 Impeti'go eacorticati'va, (F.) Ichthyose; Fish- 
 sMn, Porcupine Disease. A permanently 
 harsh, dry, scaly, and in some cases, almost 
 horny texture of the integuments of the body, 
 unconnected with internal disorder. Willaa 
 and Bateman have two varieties, I. simplex, 
 and /. cornea. Alibert has three, the /. nacrie 
 or peaxly, the /. cornee, and the -T. pellagre or 
 pellagra. 
 
 Ichthyosis 'Pellagra, Pellagra. 
 
 Ichthyosis Seba'ceA, Seba'ceoua Ichthyo'sis. 
 
ICHTHYOTOXICUM 
 
 450 
 
 IDIOTISM 
 
 A morbid incrustation of a concrete sebaceous 
 substance upon the surface of the epidermis, 
 confounded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with 
 ichthyosis, to which it bears a close resemblance. 
 In many cases there is neither redness nor heat, 
 nor is the affection often accompanied by con-, 
 stitutional symptoms. 
 
 ICHTHYOTOX'ICUM.from ixSu;,'3l fish,' 
 a'nd ToS/Kov, ' a poison/ Fish poison. 
 
 I'CICA ARACOUCHrNI. Aracouehiniis 
 a balsam, extracted, by incision, from this tree 
 in Guyana. The Galibis use it for healing 
 wounds. 
 
 IcicA IciCAEiBA', See Amyris elemifera. 
 
 ICTkRE, Ictirus-^. Bleu, Cyanopathy—i. 
 des Nouveau-nes, Icterus infantum—^. Noire, 
 Metena. 
 
 ICTERICUS, Antiictferic. Also, relating 
 to, or resembling Icterus, — letero'des. 
 
 ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis— i. Elava, 
 Icterus— i. Rubea, Erysipelas— i. Rubra, Ery- 
 sipelas. 
 
 . ICTERODES, Icterieus. 
 ■ IC'TEiltJS, Ic'terus flavus, I. verus, from 
 iicrtc, a species of weasel, whose eyes are yel- 
 low(?). Morbus arcua'tus vel arqua'tus, AurW- 
 go, Auri'go, Morbus reaius, Morbus Inte'olus, 
 Cholelith'ia icterus, CholihcB'mia, Cholopla'r 
 nia, Choh'sis, Dermatdcholo'sis, Suffu'sio 
 aurigino'sa seu fellis seu bilis, Ictentia flava, 
 H'eus flavHS, I. Icterotdes, Cachexia icter'iea, 
 Fellis suffu'sio, Fellis ohstruc'tio, F. ,Super'- 
 fu'sio, Bil'ious Dyscrasy, Jaundice, Yelloy}S, 
 (F.) Icthe, Jannisse, Bile repandue,. A dis- 
 ease, the principal symptom of which is yel- 
 lowness of the skin and eyes, with white faeces, 
 and high-coloured urine. It admits of various 
 causes ; in fact, any thing which Can directly 
 or indirectly obstruct the course of the bile, so 
 that it is taken into the mass of blood and pro-, 
 duces the yellowness of surface ; the bile being 
 separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness of 
 urine, and its being prevented from reaching 
 the intestine occasions the pale-coloured faeces. 
 The prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable ; 
 — when complicated with hepatic disease, un- 
 favourable. The treatment is simple: — an 
 emetic or purgative, given occasionally so as 
 to elicit the return of the bile to its ordinary 
 cbannels; light tonics; unirritatingdiet; cheer- 
 ful company, &c. 
 
 Icterus Aleus, Chlorosis. . .: 
 
 IcTERns Infan'tum, J. Neonato'rum, Pce- 
 dict'erus, Auri'go neophyto'rum. Yellow gum. 
 Yellow gown, (F.) Ictere des nouveau-nes, is a 
 common affection and frequently dependent 
 upon obstruction of the choledoch duct, by the 
 meconium. It requires time ; and castor oil, 
 occasionally. 
 
 Icterus Melas, Melieha — i. Neonatorum, I. 
 infantum— i.' Niger, Melaena. 
 
 ICTODESF(ETIDUS,Dracontiumfcetidum. 
 
 ICTUS. ' A stroke or blow ;' Flege, Plaga. 
 Ictus salts, a stroke of the sun. ^eeConp de 
 soleil. Icttis, also, means the pulsation of an 
 artery, and the sting of a bee or other insect. 
 
 Ictus, Blow— i. Cordis et arteriarum. Pulse 
 — i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy — i. Soils, Coup de 
 soleil. 
 
 IDE'A, Fdea, Ido'lum, Ideach (? Paracelsus) 
 (F.) Ideg. The image or representation of an 
 object in the mind; from uSu, ' I see.' 
 
 Ide'a, Fixed or Pxiedom'inant, Fdea fixa, 
 
 Ideopeg'ma. Tension of the mind on one no- 
 tion; often observed in insanity. 
 
 I'dea Morbi. Knowledge or idea of a dis- 
 ease. 
 
 IDEACH, Idea. 
 
 IDE'AL, Idedlis. Mental, notional, fan- 
 cied. 
 
 Morbi ideales. Ideal diseases. Diseases of 
 the ijnagination. 
 
 IDiE, Idea. ' . 
 
 IDEN'TITY (PERSONAL,) Iden'titas,fT:ora 
 idem, ' the same.' Sameness. It is sometimes 
 a question in legal medicine to decide upon 
 personal identity : that is, whether an indivi- 
 dual be the same he represents himself to be. 
 Physical marks form the great criteria. 
 
 IDEOL'OGY, Ideolog"ia, from eidm, ' I see,' 
 And Xoyof, ' a discourse.' The science of ideas. 
 Intellectual philosophy. 
 
 IDEOPEGMA, Idea, fixed. 
 
 IDlOSYNCUYSlE, Deliriumv'* 
 
 IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 IDIOCTONIA, Suicide. 
 
 IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
 
 IDIOPATHI'A, Idiopathei'a, FrotopaM'a, 
 Fro'prius affectus. Morbus idiopath'icus seu 
 proprius seu prima'rius seu protopath'icus seu 
 origina'lis,Malwm prima' rium,irom tUm, 'pecu- 
 liar, proper,' and nraS oc, 'an affection.' A pri- 
 mary disease ; one not depending on any other. 
 
 IDIOPATH'IC, Fro'prio hab'itu, Copstitit. 
 tio'nS' pro'prid pendens, Idiopath'icus, Idiop'a- 
 thes. Primary affections and their symptoms 
 are so denominated. 
 
 IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia. 
 
 IDIOSYNCRASIA, Idiosyncrasyv-i: Hsmor- 
 rhagica, Haematophilia— n. Olfactoria, Pxifosmia. 
 
 IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idio&rasy, Uiosyn'crat 
 sis, Idiosyncra' sia, Idiotroph'ia, Idioc'rasis, 
 Idiosynoris'ia, from li/o?, 'peculiar,' ir"r,'with,' 
 and itgaoic, ' temperament.' A peculiarity of 
 constitution, in which one person is affected by 
 an agent, which, in numerous others, would pro- 
 duce no effect. Thus shell-fish, bitter almonds, 
 produce urticaria in soiae, by virtue of their 
 idiosyncrasies. Others faint at the sight of 
 blood, &c. f'i 
 
 IDIOT, Idio'ta, ' foolish, stupid, ignorant.' 
 Now used for one who is fatuous, or who does 
 not possess sufficient intellectaal faculties for 
 the social condition, and for preserving himself 
 from danger, — Homo fat'uus. 
 
 IDIOTIA, Idiotism. 
 
 ID'IOTISM, Idiotis'mus, Idioti'a, ImUcil'- 
 litas meiitis ; Mo' Ha demens Ana'a, Mo'ria, 
 Moro'sis, Fatu'itas', Amen'tia, Stupid'itas, Ye- 
 cor'dia, Imbecill'itas Inge'nii, Id'iocy, Id'iotcy, 
 Fatu'ity. (F.)Demenceinnee, Idiotisme. Same 
 etymon. A species of unsound mind, charac- 
 terized by more or less complete obliteration 
 of the intellectual and moral faculties. It may 
 supervene on mania and melancholia, when it 
 is termed Demen'tia, but more commonly it de- 
 pends upon original conformation. It may, 
 also, be symptomatic of organic disease of the 
 brain, which has come on after birth. Idiotism 
 exists in various degrees. Some idiots are 
 mere automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensi- 
 bility to external impressions ; others are ca- 
 pable of articulating a few words, and possess 
 certain mental emotions to a limited extent. 
 The physiognomy is usually vacant, step iin- 
 
IDtOTISME 
 
 451 
 
 ILEX AQUIFOLIUM 
 
 steady, and articulation imperfect or btoken. 
 The affection is almost always incurable. 
 IDIOTISME, Idiotism. 
 
 IDIOTROPHIA, Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea. 
 
 IDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
 
 IF, Taxus baccata. 
 
 IFFIBES, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 
 IGDE, Mortar. 
 
 IGDIS, Mortar. 
 
 IGNA'TIA AMA'RA. The systematic name 
 of the plant which affords St. Ignatms's Bean. 
 Faba In'dica, Faha Sanctilgna'tii, Fakafehrif- 
 liga, (F,) Ignatie, F^ve de Saint Ignace, The 
 seeds are bitter and poisonous, containing Strych- 
 nia ; which see. 
 
 IGNATIE, Ignatia amara. 
 
 IGNAVIA, Inertia — i. seu Ignavitas par- 
 tium genitalium, Impotence. 
 
 IGNIS, 'fire.' Hence: 
 
 Ignis Actualis, Cauterium — i. Animalis, 
 Animal heat. 
 
 Ignis Cal'idus. 'A hot fire.' A violent in- 
 flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene. 
 
 -Ignis CoLUMELLiE, Erysipelas. 
 
 Ignis Fei6"iiius. 'A cold fire.' Sphacelus. 
 
 Ignis Natuealis, Animal lieat.' 
 
 Ignis Persichs, Anthrax, Herpes, zoster — i. 
 Fhilosophicus, Phosphorus — i. Potentialis, see 
 Cauterium — i. Sacer, Erysipelas, Herpes zoster 
 — i. Sancti Antonii, Erysipelas^. 
 
 Ignis Sapibn'tiui*. The ancient name for 
 tlje heat of horses' dung. 
 
 Ignis Sylvat'icus, /. sylves'tris, I. volat'- 
 ieus, I. vola'grius, Stroph'ulus sylves'tris, S 
 votat'icus, (F.) Feu sauvage, F, volage, Flam- 
 boise. Probably, the Porri'go larva'lis or crusta 
 lactea of infants. Also, a transient redness of 
 the face and neck, sometimes observed in hys- 
 terical and chlorotic females. 
 
 Ignis Sylvesteis, I. sylvaticus. 
 
 Ignis Vitalis, Animal heat. 
 
 Ignis Volageius, I. sylvaticus — i. Volati- 
 cus, I. sylvaticus. 
 
 IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus. 
 
 IGNYE, Poples. 
 
 IGNYS, Poples. 
 
 ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa. 
 
 ILEA, Flanks. 
 
 ILECH, Y'lech, Bei'as, Hias'ter, Tlia'ter, 
 Elias'ter, Mias'trnm, Ilei'ados, llei'dos, Ilei'- 
 adttm,Ili'adtts. Terms used by Paracelsus to 
 designate the first matter: — the beginning of 
 every thing. 
 
 ILEIADOS, ITe(!h. 
 
 ILEIADUM, llech. 
 
 ILEIAS, llech. - 
 
 ILEIDOS, llech. 
 
 ILEI'TIS; from 8ie«m,- '"the intestine, ileum,' 
 and itis, -a suflix denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the ileum. 
 
 ILBO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious. 
 
 IL'EO-COLICj //eo-coWcMJ. Relating to the 
 ileum and colon : — as the ileo-colic valve or 
 valve of Bauhin. 
 
 ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis. 
 
 ILEO-DICLIDITB, see Typhus. 
 
 ILEO-LUMBAR, Ileo-htmba'lis, IHo-lum- 
 ba'ris. Belonging to the ilium and lumbar region. 
 
 Ileo-lumbae Aetert, Ilio-lumbar artery, 
 Uiaoo-mns'cular, (Ch.), is given off by the hy- 
 pogastric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It 
 ascends behind the psoas muscle, and divides 
 
 into two branches; — an ascending and a trans- 
 verse, which give off numerous ramifications to 
 the neighbouring parts. 
 
 Ileo-lumbae LiQAMfiNT, Ilio-liimbar lAg'a- 
 ment, Ilio-lumbo-ver'tebral ligament, Vertebra- , 
 iliac liaament, is a broad, membraniform, trian- 
 gular ligament^ extending horizontally from the 
 transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra 
 to the upper and posterior part of the iliac crest. 
 It unites the vertebral column with the pelvis. 
 
 IL'EON, Il'eum, Eil'eon, Il'ium, Intesti'nwm 
 cit cumvolw'tum, from uxur, ' to turn,' ' to twist.' 
 Anatomists have given this name to the longest 
 portion of the small intestine, which extends 
 from the jejunum to the caecum. It was so 
 called, from its forming a considerable number 
 of convolutions. 
 
 ILEOPYRA, see Typhus. 
 
 ILEOSIS, Ileus. 
 
 ] LEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus* 
 
 ILES, Flanks. 
 
 ILEU'S, Eil'bos, from uXm, ' 1 twist or con- 
 tract.'- Ca'Uea Ileus, Enterele'sia, Enterelo'sis, 
 Colica spasmod'ica. Mens spasTnod'icus,' Chor- 
 dap'sus, Passio Ui'aca, Iliac Passion, Vol'vu- 
 lus, Ileo'sis, Misere'rc raei. Convolvulus, Tor- 
 men'tum,Intercep'tio Intestino'rum,(¥ .) Colique 
 de Misericorde, C. de Miserere. A disease, 
 characterized by deep-seated pain of the abdo- 
 men, stercoraceous vomiting, and obstinate con- 
 stipation. It is often occasioned by hernia ob- 
 structing the passage of (he faeces through a part 
 of the intestinal canal. The term Ileus /has 
 been applied to various affections— to simple 
 nervous colic, intussusception, and to strangu- 
 lation of the small in,testine, &c. Various re- 
 medies have been employed ; — the majority for 
 the purpose of procuring alvine evacua,tions, — 
 as purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster ; sup- 
 positories,, tobacco glysters; pure mercury; 
 leaden bullets; antispasmodics and narcotics; 
 blisters -to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth or 
 injected into the rectum. Some of these have, 
 occasionally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco 
 glyster, and ice to the tumour, where the dis- 
 ease has been occasioned by strangulated hernia. 
 It is very dangerous. " 
 
 Ileus FlaVus, Icterus — i. Icteroides, Icterus 
 — i. Inflammatorius, Enteritis. 
 
 ILEX AQUIFOXIUM. The systematic 
 name of the Common Holly, Aquifo'lium, Agri- 
 fo'lium, (F.) Houx, IT. commun ou Ch&nei)ert. 
 Theleaves of this plant have been recornmended 
 as tonic, astringent, "and antiseptic, and have 
 been prescribed in atonic gout; intermittents ; 
 dyspepsia, &c. Widne, the active principle, 
 has also been advised. It is obtained by dis- 
 solving the alcoholic extract of the leaves of the 
 holly in water, and successively treating it with 
 the Bubacetate of lead, sulphuric acid, and car- 
 bonate of lime. The filtered and evaporated 
 product is then dissolved in alcohol; the mix- 
 ture filtered and evaporated in shallow vessels. 
 
 Ilex Cassine, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 Ilex Maioe. From the berries of this tree, 
 called by the Spaniards Betlotas, a juice may 
 be expressed, which forms a slightly astringent 
 emulsion with water, and has been recommend- 
 ed by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, 
 'hsBmoptysis, &c. 
 
 Ilex Mate, Hex paraguensis. 
 
 Ilex OpA'cA,.4merica;«fib%,grows through- 
 out the Atlantic portion of the United States. 
 
ILIA 
 
 453 
 
 ILION 
 
 Jt is Slid to possess the same properties as the 
 European variety. 
 
 Ilex Paeag'uen'sis, I. Mate. ■ A native of 
 Paraguay, which affords the celebrated Mattee, 
 or Mate, drunk in place of the ^Chihese tea by 
 ■ the people of Paraguay, 
 
 Ilex Vomito'ria, Ilex Casi'ne, Cas-si'na, Da- 
 hoon. holly, Apalach'ini GalHs, South-Sea Tea', 
 Ev'er^i-eeii Cassi'nS, Cas'see'na, Yawpon, Yo- 
 jwn,XF.) The des Apalaehes, Houi Apalaehine, 
 Apalachine, The de la Mer du Sud. A tree, 
 indigenous in the southern parts of the United 
 States. The leaves, when dried, are aromatic, 
 stimulant, stomachic, and expectorant, and are 
 used as a tea. When fresh they are emetic and 
 cathartic. 
 ILIA, Flanks. 
 
 ILIAC, Jli'acus, from Uia, 'the flanks.', ^ Re- 
 lating to, or connected with, the flanks. 
 
 Iliac Arteries, Arte'ria Iliaece. This term 
 has been given to several arteries. The Pri- 
 mary, nines, (F.) A- Iliaques primitives, — Pel- 
 vicrurales, (Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of 
 the aorta, oppo^te the body of the 4th lumbar 
 vertebra, anddescend, in a divergent manner; 
 until, opposite, the sacro-iliac "symphysis, they- 
 divide into two considerable trunks, — the in- 
 ternal Iliac or hypogastric (which see) and the 
 external iliac- — Portion Iliaque de la crurale, 
 (Ch.) This proceeds from the sacro-iliac junc- 
 ture as far as the crural, arch, when it assumes 
 the name Femoral Artery. Before passing under 
 the arch it gives off two pretty considerable 
 branches, — the Epigastric and the Circumjlexa 
 Ilii. This last, which is called, also, anterior 
 Iliac by some anatomists, — CiTconflexe de I'tl- 
 ium; (Ch.) leaves the external iliac at the cru- 
 ral arch. It ascends ailong the outer edge of 
 the iliacus muscle,and divides into twohranches,'- 
 — an internal and an external. 
 
 The Iliaca Inter'na Minor vel Ilio-lmnhaVis 
 is a small artery, which sometimes arises from 
 the hypogastric'; at others, from the beginning 
 of the gluteal. It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas 
 and iliacus internus muscles. 
 
 Iliac Ceest, Crista Ilii, is the upper mar- 
 gin of the ilium. (F.) Crtte Iliaque. It is 
 very thick, and curved like the Italic S. It 
 affords attachment to the broad muscles of the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Iliac Fossje are two in number j the internal, 
 the depression presented by the ilium on its 
 interior, and at the upper part in which the 
 Iliacus internus is lodged: — and the external, 
 an excavation on the outer surface of the same 
 bone, occupied by the Glutcei muscles. 
 
 Iliac Muscle, Imternal, Iliacus internus 
 Muscle, Iliacus,Ilidco-troehantirien (Ch.); Fe- 
 mur moven'tiwm sep^timus. Iliac muscle, is situ- 
 ate in the -fossa iliaca, and at the anterior and 
 superior part of the thigh. It is broad, radiated, 
 triangular; and is attached, aiove, to tjbe two 
 upper thirds of the fossa jliaca, and to the in- 
 ternal part of the Hiac crest : — below, it termi- 
 nates by a tendon, which is common to it and 
 the psoas magnus, and is flxed into the lesser 
 trochanter. When this muscle contracts, it 
 bends the pelvis on the thigh, and conversely. 
 It is also a rotator of the thigh outwards, and 
 prevents the trunk from falling backwards. 
 Iliac Passion, Ileus, 
 Iliac Regions, Regio'nes ili'acss, Inan'ia, are 
 
 the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and 
 the hips. . 
 
 Iliac Spines, Spinoui Proc"esses of the 
 Ilium, are four in number. They are distin- 
 guished into anterior and posterior. Of the an- 
 terior, one is superior. It bounds the crista ilii 
 anteriorly, and affords origin to the sartorius 
 muscle. The other is. inferior, and receives 
 the tendinous origin of the rectus femoris. 
 
 The two Posterior Iliac Spines are divided, 
 like the .anterior, into superior and inferior. 
 They afford insertion to strong ligamentsj 
 which unite the ilium with the sacrum. 
 
 ILIAC0-TR0CHANT£RIEN, niacua in- 
 ternus. 
 
 ILIACUS/I, internus — i. Exteraus, Pyrami- 
 dalis. 
 
 ILIADUS, Ilech. 
 
 ILIASTER^Ilech. 
 
 ILIASTRUM, Ilech. 
 
 ILINGOS, Vertigo. 
 
 ILIO-ABDOMINAL, Obliquus intlrnus ab- 
 dominis — i. Aponevrosi-fem^ral, Fascia lata 
 muscle — i. Costal, Quadtatus lumborum— ». 
 Cresti-tibial, Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-fe- 
 moral — i. Ischii-trochantirien, Glutaeus mini- 
 mus — i. Lombo-cpsto-abdominal, Obliquus in- 
 ternus abdominis — i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, 
 see Iliac arteries — i. Lumbi-costal, Quadratus 
 lumborum — i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo- 
 lumbar-ligament. 
 
 IL'IO-PECTINEA, belonging to the ilium 
 and to the pecten or pubis. 
 
 iLid-PEOTiHteAL Eminence is so called from 
 being formed by the junction of the ramus of 
 the ilium with that of the pubis. It affords at- 
 tachment to the psoas minor. 
 
 Ilio-Pectinea Linea, or lAnea innomina'td, 
 is the projecting line or ridge of the ilium arid 
 pubis, which forms part of the brim of the pel- 
 vis. 
 
 ILI0-PR£TIBIAL, Sartorius. 
 
 Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium, ' the ilion,' V»«Sj 
 'the loins,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the ilium and psoas muscle. 
 
 ILtO-PVB 0-COS TO-ABDqMINAL, Ob- 
 liquus externus abdominis — i. KoteKew, Rectus 
 femoris — i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac — i. Sacral arti- 
 culation, Sacro-iliac articulation — i. Saero-fe- 
 moral, GlutsEUS major. 
 
 luip-sc'B.OTAx.jIlio-scrota'lis. Professor Chaus- 
 sier call^ thus the external t^vigi furnished by 
 the anterior branch of the firSt lumbar, .pair of 
 nerves. It distributes its ramifications to t^e 
 muscles of the abdomen, and to theinteguments 
 of the groin, pubes and scrotum. 
 
 ILIO-TROCHANTARIEN, GlutJEUs me- 
 dius — i. Trochanterien petit, Glutaeus minimus. 
 
 IL'ION, ll'ium, IVeum, Haunch bone. The 
 largest of the three bones which constitute the 
 OS innominatum in the fcetus and child. It was 
 probably so called from its seeming to support 
 the intestine ileon ; or, perhaps, because its crest 
 is curved upon itself, from tfAsui,.'! twist,"! 
 roll.' This portion of the os innominatum is 
 usually so called in the adult. The posterior 
 surface is called Dorsum, the internal Teratnc 
 The upper semicircular edge is the Crista or 
 Spine : at the anterior part of which is the an- 
 terior and superior spinous process ; and, be- 
 low, the anterior and inferior spinous process.. 
 At the back part of the spine are two spinous 
 
ILITHYlA 
 
 453 
 
 IMPETIGO 
 
 pmeesses, the postenor and superior, and pos- 
 terior and inferior. See Iliac. 
 
 ILlTlini' X,Edti6vta,Luci'na, Juno Lucina. 
 The Goddess who presided over parturient fe- 
 males, yvith the Greeks and Romans. 
 ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion. 
 
 ILKESTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Ilkeston is in Derbyshire; England, ahout eight 
 miles from Nottingham.' The water contains 
 carhonates of lime and soda, chloride of calcium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda,,carbonic 
 acid, sulphohydric acid, and a little iron. 
 
 ILLACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
 
 ILLECEBRA, Sedum—i. Major, Sedum tele- 
 phium; 
 
 ILLEGITIMATE, Ulegit'imus, from in, 
 ' negation or opposition,' and legitimus, ' legiti- 
 mate;' from lex, legis, 'law.' . That which is 
 contrary to law: which has not the conditions 
 required by law, — as an illegitimate birth — one 
 out of wedlock. 
 
 Illegitimate ok Bastard Fevees are those 
 whose progress is anoihalous. 
 
 ILLIC'IUM ANISA'TUMj Yellow-flowered 
 Anise, An'iseed Tree, Star Anise, Ani'sum 
 stellor'tum, Anisnm Sinen'se, Semen, Badian, 
 (F.) Anis de la Chine, A- etoile, Badiane. 
 Fam, Magnoliaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria 
 Polygynia. The seeds are, used like the ani- 
 seed. The same tree is supposed to furnish the 
 aromatic bark, called Cortex Ani'si Stella'ti, 
 Cortex Lavola. ' 
 
 lUicium anisatumis said to furnish much of the 
 so called Oil of Anise used in the United States. 
 
 Illioium Floeida'num, Florida Anise Tree, 
 Star Anise, Sweet Laurel. An evergreen shrub, 
 the bark, leaves, &c„ of which; have a spicy 
 odour like anise, and might be used for it. 
 
 Illicidm Paeviflo'rum, a shrub of the hilly 
 regions of Georgia and Carolina, has a flavour 
 closely resembling that of sassafras root. 
 " ILLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLITIO, Inunction. 
 
 ILLITUS, Inunction. 
 
 ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus. 
 
 ILLO'SIS, Ilo'sis, from ;Mot, 'the eye.' 
 Distortion of the eyes. Strabismus. 
 
 ILLUSIO SENSUS, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUSION, Hallucination. 
 
 ILLUTAMENTUM, see lUutatio. 
 
 ILLUTA'TIO, from in, ' upon,' and lutum, 
 ' mud.' A word used, by the ancients, for the 
 act of covering any part of the body with mud, 
 — illutamen'tum — with therapeutical views. 
 
 ILOSIS, Illosis. 
 
 IMAGINATION, Imagina'tib, Figura'tio, 
 Fhanta'sia, Hianoe'ma, from imago, * image.' 
 The faculty of forming in the mind an assem- 
 blage of images and combinations of ideas, 
 which are not always in connexion with exter- 
 nal objects. 
 
 IMBALSAMATIQN, Embalming. 
 
 IMBECIL'ITY, Imiedl'litas, Stupid'itas, 
 Uebetu'do an'imi. Weakness, especially of the 
 intellect; incoherency; ImbedVlitas rnentis. 
 
 IMBECILLIS, Infirm. 
 
 IMBECILLITAS INGENII, Idiotism, Im- 
 becility — i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility — i. 
 Ventriculi, Gasterasthenia. 
 
 IMBER'BIS, Imler'bus, Agenei'os, Apo'gon. 
 One devoid of beard. 
 
 IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition. 
 
 IMBIBIT"ION, ImtiUfio, Emp'osis, Endos- 
 m'ose, Aspirafion, from imbib'ere, (in, and 
 bibere,) ' to drink, to imbibe.' The action, by 
 which a body becomes penetrated by a liquid. 
 See Endosmose. Many of the phenomena of 
 absorption are owing to imbibition. - 
 
 IMBREX/NARIUM, Septum narium. 
 
 IMMERSUS, Subsoapularis muscle. 
 
 IM'MINENCE, Imminen'tia, frorti im, and 
 maiiere, ' to slay.' Sfaying over, or upon ; im- 
 pending. Some authors have designated, by 
 this term, the period which precedes the inva- 
 sion of a disease; and when certain indications 
 foretell its /approach. 
 
 IMMINENCE MORBIDE, Diathesis, Pre- 
 disposition. 
 
 IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus. 
 
 IMMISSOR, Catheter. 
 
 IMMOBlLITAS,' Acinesia— i. Pupillae, 
 Amaurosis. 
 
 IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance. 
 
 IMMODERATIO, Intempeifance. 
 
 IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Appara- 
 tus, immovable. 
 
 IMMUTANS, Alter,ative. ' 
 
 IMPACTION, 'Impac'tio, from impingere, 
 (im, and pangere,) ' to strike ag6.inst.' A frac- 
 ture of the cranium, ribs, or sternum, with de- 
 pression of some of the fragments and ' projec- 
 tion of others externally, j See Ecpiesma. 
 
 ftMPA'TIENS BALSAM'INA, Balsam weed, 
 Touch-me-not. This probably resembles the 
 other species in its properties. 
 
 .Impa'tiens Fulva and I. Pal'lida, Touch- 
 me-not, Jewel -Weed, Balsam weed. Slippers, 
 Cel'andine, Quic&-in-the-hand, Weath'ereoeks. 
 Indigenous plants, having tender, juicy, almost 
 transparent stems, and yellow -flowers, which 
 appear In July and August. It is found in 
 low moist ground in every part of the 'Union. 
 The properties are probably the same as those of 
 
 Impa'tiens Noli-me-,tan!(sere of Europe, 
 which has an acrid taste, andact? as an emetic, 
 cathartic, and, diuretic. 
 
 IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma. 
 
 IMPERATO'RIA, I. Ostru'thium, Ostru- 
 thtum, Astran'tia, Magistran'tia, Masterwort, 
 (old F.) Austruohe. The roots of this plant were 
 formerly considered divinum remedium. They 
 are merely aromatic and bitter, and are not used. 
 
 IMPERFORATE, Atretus. 
 
 IMPERFORATE, Imperforation— i. Ani, 
 Atresia ani adnata, Proctatresia— i, Pupillx, 
 Synezizis — i. Uteri, Metratresia. 
 
 IMPERFORA'TION, from im, 'in,' per, 
 ' through,' and /orace,' to bore.' Imperfora'tio, 
 Atre'sia, Atretis'mus, Cap'etus. Absence of a 
 natural aperture; as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, 
 nostrils, &c. It is congenital, being dependent 
 upon faulty conformation. 
 
 IMPERFORATION DE L'ANVS, Atre- 
 sia ani adnata. 
 
 IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo. 
 
 IMPETI'GO, from impeto,'! infest.' Impeti- 
 ginos'itas, Darta, Der'bia, Im'petus, Peti'go, 
 Ecpye'sis imfetVgo, Phlysis impeti'go. Lepra 
 squammo'sa, Running Scall or Tetter, Crusted 
 Tetter, Pustular or Humid Tetter, Scall, Cow- 
 rap, (P.y Dartre, D. crustafiee, D. -cro'&ieuse, 
 Lepre humide, Militagre. A word used in vari- 
 ous acceptations. In some writers it is synony- 
 mous with itch. In others, it means a variety of 
 herpes. Sauvages employs it as a generic term, 
 
IMPETUM FACIENS 
 
 454 
 
 INCISIFS 
 
 under which he comprises syphilis, scorbutus, 
 rachitis, elephantiasis, lepra, the itch, tinea, 
 scrofula, &c. It forms, also, a genus in theclass 
 Cachexia of Cullen. In Bateman, it is the first 
 genus of the 5th order. Pustules, and is defined 
 — the humid, or running tetter ; consisting of 
 small pustules, denominated Fsydracid. It is 
 unaccompanied by fever; not contagious, or 
 communicable by inoculation. He has five 
 sj)ecies : — the /. figurdta, I. sparsa, I. erysipe- 
 lecto'des, I. scab'ida, and I. rodens. See Psori- 
 asis. 
 
 Impetigo Excortioativa, Ichthyosis — i.Ei^ 
 gnra.ta, 'Porri_go lupinosa — i. Pellagra, Pellag;-a 
 — 1. Ulcerata, Zerna. 
 
 IMPETUM FACIENS, Enormon. ' 
 
 IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm. 
 
 IMPLICATIONES RETICULARES NER- 
 VORUM, Plexus nervorum. 
 
 IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, Implica'ii seu compli- 
 ca'ti Morhi. Diseases, which exist in an organ ; 
 and produce, conciurrently, disorders in other 
 organs. 
 
 IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, see Bath. 
 
 IMPOSTHUME, Abscess. 
 
 IM'POTENCE, Acrati'a, Impoten'tia, I. 
 gen^ran'dif Agenne'sia, Agen^nesis, Igna'via seu 
 Ignav'itas partium genita'liuTn, (F.) pnpuis- 
 sance, from im, } priv.,' and potens, ' able.' 
 Loss of power over one or more of the mem- 
 bers. Commonly, it means want of sej^al 
 vigour; incapacity for copulation; and chiefly 
 on the part of the male. Aity'sia, Astyph'ia, 
 Asyno'dia, Adynamia viri'lis. It has, also, 
 been used synonymously with iteri'Hfy. Impo- 
 tence may be absolute or relative, mnsiitutional 
 or looal, direct or indirect, perwianent or tempo- 
 rary. 
 
 IMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence— i. 
 GeneMndi, Impotence. 
 
 IMPOVERISHED, Effe'tus, Depaupera'tus, 
 (F.) Appauvri. ' Having become poor ;' origir 
 nally from (L.) pauper, ' poor.' The Humorists 
 applied this epithet to a humour, deprived of a 
 part of its constituents, and particularly to the 
 blood. This fluid was considered to be im- 
 poverished when it was pale, without the pro- 
 per consistence, and abounding in serum. It 
 was, on the contrary, rich, in their opinion, 
 when of a scarlet colour; possessing consis- 
 tence; when it coagulated promptly, and the 
 quantity of serum, compared with that of the 
 clot, was by no means considerable. 
 
 IMPRjEGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 IMPREGNATION, Fecundation. 
 
 IMPRES'SION, Impres'sio (in, and premere, 
 pressum, • to press,') Pros'hole, {'P .) Empreinte. 
 A more or less deep indentation which 'Certain 
 organs seem to make on others. The inequali- 
 ties observable on the bones, which appear to 
 be made by the superjacent organs. 
 
 Impees'sions Dig"itai,, Impressio'nes digi- 
 ia'ta cra'nii. Fossa digita'hs, are the depres- 
 sions of various forms, observable at the inner 
 surface of the cranium, which look, at first view, 
 as if they were made with the fingers. 
 
 IMPU'BER, Impn'hes, Impu'bis, Ane'bus, 
 CapiU'a'tits, from in, ' negation,' and pubertas, 
 'puberty.' (,¥.) Impnbhe. One who has not 
 attained the age of puberty. 
 
 IMPUBES, Impuber. 
 
 IMPUDICUS, see Digitus. 
 
 IMPUISSANCE, Impotence. 
 
 IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, Bad stroke of the 
 heart. A jog or stroke which has been termed 
 the ' back stroke,? felt at the end of each pulsa- 
 tion, and which would seem to be owing to the 
 refilling of the ventricles. 
 
 Impulse of the Heart, see Heart. 
 
 IMPURITATES ALVIN.(E, Faeces. 
 
 INANIA, Iliac regions. 
 
 INANITIATED, see Inanitiation. 
 
 INANITIA'TION, Inanitidtio, same ety- 
 mon. The act of being' exhausted for wafit of 
 nourishment". "One so exhausted is said to be 
 
 IN ANIT"ION, Inamt"io,'Inan'itaa,{rom t»o- 
 rew-e, 'to empty ;' cenosis. Exhaustion for want 
 of nourishment. To die from inanition is to 
 die from exhaustion. 
 
 INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorexja. 
 
 INARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis. 
 
 INAURA'TION, Inaurd'tio, from in, and 
 aMrKOT, 'gold.' The gilding ofpills or boluses. 
 
 INCANTAMENTUM, Charm. 
 
 INCANTA'TION,Jra£;are*a'tio,7«(!o«(omem'- 
 tum, Ep'ode,- from in, and Cantare, ' to sing,' — 
 for example, am?igical song. Amodeof curing 
 diseases by charms, &c., defended by Paracel- 
 sus, Van Helmont, and others.. 
 
 INCARCERA'TIO, Chatonnement, Incarce- 
 ration— 'i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxis 
 — i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole. 
 
 INCARCERATION, Incarc6ra'tio,tvom in, 
 ' in,' and career, f prison.' A hernia is said to 
 be incarcprated. Hernia incarcera'ta, when, 
 owing to constriction about the neck of the* 
 hernial sac or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced 
 with facility. Incarceration is sometimes used 
 in the same sense as strangulation. 
 
 INCAR'NANS, 'Iitcarnati'vus, Sarcp'tiens, 
 Stal'ticus, Plero'ticus, Anaplero'ticus, from in, 
 and cajo, carnis, 'flesh.' Medicines which 
 were fancied to promote the regeneration of 
 the flesh. Certain bandages arid sutures have, 
 also, been so called. 
 
 INCARNATIO, Incarnation— i: Unguinm, 
 Onychogryphosis. 
 
 INCARNATION, Incama'tio, same etymon. 
 Growth of flesh or granulations. ' 
 
 INCARNATUS, Carneous. ■■ 
 
 INCEN'DIUM,frqm i«.c«ra«?ere, (wj,apdran- 
 dere,) 'to burn.' Pyrca'a, nv^xaiit, Gitjuii, 
 Phlogo'sis. A burning fever or any burning 
 heat. — Incen'dium febri'll, Ineen'sio. — Willis. 
 Inflammation, Phlegmon. 
 
 Incendium Sfontaneum, Combustion,hunian. 
 
 INCENSIO, Incendium. 
 
 INCENTIVUM, Stimulant. 
 
 INCERA'TION, Incera'tio, Encero'iia, from 
 cera, 'wax.' The act of incorporating wax 
 with some other body ; or, rather, that opera- 
 tion whose object is to communicate to a dry 
 substance the consistence of wax. 
 
 INCERNIC'ULUM, from incemere, (i» and 
 cernere,') ' to sift.' A strainer or sieve. 
 
 INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
 
 INCESSUS, "Walking. 
 
 INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere, (in, and M- 
 dere,) ' to cut.' (F.) Incisifs. This name was 
 formerly given to medicines to which was at- 
 tributed the property of cutting-thijck or coagu- 
 lated humours. The-.fixed alkalies, hydrosul- 
 phurets of alkalies, sulphurous water, &c.,wer» 
 considered to belong to this class. 
 
 INCISIFS, Incidentia. 
 
mcisio 
 
 455 INCUS 
 
 INCISIO, Cut, Incision— i. Simplex, Haplo- 
 tomia. 
 
 INCIS'ION, Ineis'io, En'cope, Indiu'ra, In- 
 ti'sm, Tome, (F.) Taillade. A methodical di- 
 vision of soft parts with a cutting instrument. 
 INCrSIVE, Incisi'vus, Inciso'rius, Fossa 
 indsi'va, F. myrtifor'mis, is a depression in the 
 superior maxillary bone, ahove. the incisor teeth. 
 Incisive BoMEjIntermaxillary bone— i. Canal, 
 see Palatine canals., ' 
 
 Incisive TSeth, Jraos'sor Teeth, Den'tesin- 
 nso'res, tom'ici, denes, diehasterea, gelasi'rd, 
 primo'res, raso'rii. The teeth which occupy 
 the anterior part of the upper and lower jaws 
 are so called', because they are used for cutting 
 the food in the manner of cutting instruments. 
 
 INCISIVUS, MUSCULUS, Levator labii 
 superioris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii 
 inferioris — i, Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator 
 labii superioris alteque nasi — i. Medius, Dep^es- 
 isor alsB nasi. ' 
 
 INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth. 
 
 INCISO'RIUM, Tomi'on. An operating ta- 
 ble. A scalpel. 
 
 INCISORIUS, Incisive. 
 
 INCISURA, Echanc'rure, Incision — i. Cru- 
 cialis. Crucial Incision— i. Ischiadica Major, 
 Sciatic rfotch, greater — i. Ischiadica . Minor, 
 Sciatic notch, lesser^. Lienalis, Hilus lienalis 
 — i. Renalis, Hilus renalis— i. Scapularis, Notch, 
 scapular. « 
 
 Inpisu'ra Teag"ica, Notch of the Concha. 
 A wide deep and rounded notch, which sepa-' 
 rates the tragus from the antitragus. 
 
 INCISURES DE SANTOEINIj^iaiXoiim, 
 Assures of. 
 
 INCISUS, Incision. 
 
 INCITABILITY, Irritability. 
 
 INCIT AMENTUM, Stimulus. 
 
 INCITANSj Stimulant. 
 
 INCITATIO, Stimulation. 
 
 INCLAVATIO, Gomphosisj.see Wedged. 
 
 INCLINATIO, Decline— i. Coeli, Climate. 
 
 INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Em- 
 ho^tetnent. 
 
 INCLUSUS, Wedged. 
 
 INCOCTUS, see Crudity. 
 
 INCOHE'RENCE, Incohe'reney, {T.yAna- 
 mluthie, Revasserie ; from in, negative, co, 
 mn, ctim, ' with,' and hterer.e, ' to stick.' tyrant 
 '>f dependence of one part on another. The 
 condition of the mental manifestations in de- 
 mentia, &c. 
 
 INCOMPATIBLE, frorti in, ' negation,' and 
 eompetere, < to agree.' A substance, which 
 cannot be prescribed with another, without in- 
 tcrijpring with its chemical coulpo^ition or me- 
 dicinal activity. ■. • 
 
 INCONTINENTIA, from in, 'negation,' 
 aadcontineo, 'I contain;' Ahepis-'chfsis. f In- 
 continence.' 'Inability to I'etain the natural 
 evacuation.' Abuse of the pleasures of love. 
 
 Incontinentia Alvi, Diarrhoea — i.,UrinaB, 
 EnuregiSj Scoracrasia. 
 
 INCORPORA'TION, hieorpora'tio, Corpq- 
 • ra'tio, Ensomato'sis, Metensomato'sis, from in, 
 and corpus, ' a body.' An operation, by which 
 ■medicines are mixed with soft or liquid bodies, 
 in order to give them a certain consistence 
 Also, the thorough admixture of various sub' 
 utances. 
 
 INCRASSAN'TIA, Incrassati'va, Inviscan'- 
 tia, Spissan'tia, Ecpyc'tica, Condensan'tia, Pa, 
 
 ehyn'tica, fyenoiica, Pysnicmas'tica, from in, 
 and crassus, 'thick.' jfledicines wliich were 
 formerly believed to possess the power of thick- 
 ening the humours, when too thin. , All muci- 
 laginous substances were so regarded. 
 INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia. 
 IN'CREASE, Incremen'tum, Aums, Auase'- 
 sis, from in, and crescere, ' to grow.' (F.) 
 Accroissement. Augmentation of the size or 
 weight of a body, by the application of new 
 molecules around those which already exist. 
 INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Increase. 
 INCRUCIATIO, Decussation, 
 INCRUSTA'TION,7»fr«Jte'«!i'o,from?m,and 
 crusta, ' a crust ;' Coni'asis. Thfe act of form- 
 ing a crust on the surface of a body, as well as 
 the crust itjelf. Also, the calcareous deposites 
 or cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form 
 in organs. 
 
 INCUBATION, J»teSa'«io, Incubif'io, In- 
 cu'bitus, from incubare, {in, and citbare,) ' to lie 
 upon.' This word, which is used in natutal 
 history for the sitting of birds upon their eggs, 
 is employed, figuratively, in medicine, for the 
 period that elapses between the introduction of 
 a morbific, principle into the animal economy 
 and the invasion of the disease. 
 INCUBITIO,-Incubatiori. 
 INCUBITUS, Incubation. 
 . INCUBO, Incubus. , 
 
 IN'CUBUS. Same etyifnon. In'cubo, EpiaV- 
 tes, Kpkial'tes noctur'nus, Ephial'tes, Epi^lep'- 
 sia noetuma. Asthma noctur'itum, FnigaVion, 
 Suc'cubus, On^irodyn'id gravans, Erethis'mus 
 oneirodijn'ia, Noctiir'na oppres'sia, Epib'ole, 
 Babwziea'Hus, Nightmare, (F.) CoiJchelttar, 
 Cauchevieille, Cochemar, Oneirodynie grava- 
 tive._ Same etymon. A sensation of.a distress- 
 ing weight at the epigastrium during sleep, and 
 of impossibility-- of motion, speech or respira- 
 tion; the patient at leiigth awaking in terror, 
 after extreme anxiety. The nightmare is often 
 the effect of difficult digestion or of an uneasy 
 position of the body. At other times, it occurs 
 in consequence of severe emotions. The sen- 
 sation of suffocation was formerly ascribed to 
 the person's being possessed, and the male spirits 
 were called i7tcubes — ^the female succuies. The 
 disease requires no particular treatment. The 
 causes must be avoided. 
 
 Incubus ViGiLAM'TitiM, Ephial'tes vigilan'- 
 tium, E. hypockondri' aca, Daymare. This is 
 produced during wakefulness ; the sense of pres- 
 sure beifcg severe and extending over the abdo- 
 men ; respiration frequent, laborious, and con- 
 stricted ; eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent; 
 intellect undisturbed. 
 INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes. 
 INCUNEATIO, see Wedged! 
 INCU'RABLE, Incvrab'ilis, Insanab'ilis, 
 Anal'thes, Anaces'tos, Atherapeu'tns, from in, 
 negaitive, and Cnra, cure. That which is not 
 susceptible of cure; — applied to both patients 
 and diseases. 
 INCURIA, Acedia. 
 INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse. 
 INCURVATIO, Gryposis. 
 INCUS, {in, and cudo, ' I hammer,') 'an an- 
 vil.' Acmon, Os incu'di sim'ile, Ossic'ulum 
 Incudi seu mola'ri denti compara'tnm, (F.) 
 Enclume. One of the small bones of the ear 
 so called from its fancied resemblance to a 
 smith's anvil. It is situate in the cavitv nf +K= 
 
 > situate in the cavity of the 
 
INDEX 
 
 456 
 
 INERTIA 
 
 tympanum, between the malleus and orbiculare. 
 Its body is articulated with the malleus ; its 
 horizontal ramus, which is the shortest, cor- 
 responds with the entrance of the mastoid cells ; 
 and its vertical ramus is articulated with 'the 
 OS orbiculare. The incus is ' comjiosed of a 
 conipact tissue, and is developed from a single 
 point of ossification. . 
 
 INDEX, Dig"itus index sen secun'dus seu 
 salutator'ius, Demonstrd/tor , Indica'tor^ Indica- 
 to'rius, Lich'anos, Deic'ticos, from- indicare, 
 'to point out.' The forefinger, index finger. 
 See Digitus. 
 
 INDIAN ARROW "WOOD, see Eunonymus 
 — i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — i. Physic, 
 Gillenia trifoliata — i. Physic, small-flowered, 
 Gillenia stipulacea. 
 
 INDfA'NA, MINERAL WATERS OF, A 
 medicinal spring, near Jeffersonville, is much 
 frequented. Its waters are strongly impregnated 
 with sulphur and iron. 
 
 IN'DICAN-T, In'dicans, Endeie'ticos, (P.) 
 Indicatif. Same etymon as »Wea;. Anything 
 which, in the course of a disease or in what 
 precedes or accompanies it, concurs in pointing 
 out the means to be used for its cure.' 
 ' INDICATIF, Indicant. 
 
 IN'DICATING DAYS,X>ies In'dices,D. In- 
 dicato'rii seu Indican'tes, -D. eoritemplan'tes, 
 (F.) Jours indicateurs. Hippocrates and others 
 have thus called the middle day of the septenary ; 
 because they imagined,, that indications were 
 sometmies given then of the crisis which would 
 occur m the last day of the septenary. 
 
 INDICA'TION, Indicatio, Accusa'tio,Dela'- 
 tio,*EndeixH3, Endea;'is, BoethetAal^ieum Sfi- 
 mei'on.^ The object proposed in the employ- 
 ment of any means which are had recourse to 
 for the cure of disease. It may also be defined 
 — the manifestation afforded Jby the disease 
 itself of what is proper to be done for its re- 
 moval. 
 
 INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see 
 Digitus, and Index. 
 
 INDICUM, Indigo. 
 
 INDICUS COLOR, Indigo. 
 
 INDIGENCE, Want. 
 
 INDIG"ENOUS, Indig"ena. Whatever is 
 native in a country, in opposition to exotic ; as 
 an indigenous remedy, ifidigenous disease, &c. 
 
 INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, 
 see Dyspepsia — i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia. 
 
 INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio. 
 
 INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus extends oculi. 
 
 INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IN'DIGO, Indigwm, In'dicvMi, Indicus color, 
 Pigmen'tum In'dicum. • A dye-stuff, in small 
 solid masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and 
 devoid of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a 
 fermentative process, from Indigof'era anil, I. 
 argen'tea, and I. tincto'ria, and is sometimes used 
 by the apothecary for colouring certain prepa- 
 rations. It has likewise been administered inter- 
 nally, of late, in spasmodic diseases, especially 
 in epilepsy. The dose may be at first grains, 
 but it may be elevated to drachms. 
 
 INDIGO, FAUX, Galega officinalis— i.Weed, 
 Sophora tinctoria — i. Wild, Sophora tinctoria — 
 i. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
 
 INDIGOFERA, Sophora tinctoria— i. Anil, 
 see Indigo^. Argentea, see Indigo — i. Tincto- 
 toria, see Indigo. - 
 
 INDIGUM, Indigo. 
 
 INDISPOSIT"iaN, Mala disposif'io, Dys- 
 phor'ia, (F.) Malaise. A slight functional dis- 
 turbance, which may scarcely bear the name of 
 disease. A feeling of sickness— -i«»ias legri- 
 tu'dinis, .^ - 
 
 IN'DOLENT, Indolensl from! in, privative, 
 and dolere, ' to be in pain.' Exhibiting little or 
 no pain. An epithet particularly applied to 
 certain tumours. , 
 
 INDOLENTIA, Anodynia'. 
 
 IN'DOLES. Anatural disposition or charac- 
 ter. • 
 
 Indoles An'imi. The natural disposition 
 or character of mind. - ■ 
 
 Indoles Mokbi. The nature or character of 
 
 INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi'. 
 
 INDUC'TIO, Apago'gS, from inducere, (in, 
 and ducere, ' to lead.') A word used especially 
 for the action of extending a plaster upon linen. 
 
 INDUCULA, Waiscoat, strait. 
 
 INDUMENTUM CORDIS, Pericardium— i. 
 Nervorum, Neurilema. 
 
 INDU'RAN'S, (in and durus,) Scleroficus, 
 Selerun'ticus, Scleryn'ticus, A medicine which 
 hardens the parts to which it is applied. 
 
 INDURATIO, Induration^ — i. Intestinorum, 
 Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna, Scirrhus 
 ^i. Reniim, Nephroscleria — i. Telae cellulosas 
 neonatorum, see Induration — i. Ventriculi 
 scirrhosa, Gastroscirrhus. 4p 
 
 INDURA'TION, Indura'tio, Sclerys'ma, 
 Sclerys'mus, Callos'itas, Indurescen'tia, Poro'- 
 ma, Poro'sis, (F.) Endurepssement. The 
 hardness which supervenes, occasionally, in an 
 ihflatped part. It is one of the terminations of 
 inflammation, and is owingto a change in the 
 nutrition of the part.' 
 
 Indukatjon of the Celltjlae Tissue, /«- 
 dura'tio seu Oppila'tio telas cellulo'sx neona- 
 to'xum, Ethmyphotylo'sis, Compact (Ede'ma of 
 Infants, Cat'oohu:s Infan'tum, Indufalio eellu-. 
 lo'sa, Sclere'mia, Sclere'm'af Sclero'ma, Sclero- 
 der'ma. Cutis tensa chron'ica, Dermatoperisch- 
 ro'sis, Dermatoperisclfirysmus, Etlm/ypfwty- 
 lesis, Halonii'tis, Fhlegrtiasia cellula'ris, Scir- 
 rkosar'ca neonato'rwai, Scleri'asis neonato'ni/m, 
 Sclero'sis, Stipa'tis teles cellulo'sce Infan'fwm, 
 SMnbound Disease, (F.) Endurcissermnt du 
 tissu cellulaire; (Edeme du tissu cellulaire dfis 
 nouveau-nes, Asphyxie lenie des nouveau-nes, 
 is a disease which attacks infants a few days 
 after birth, and which Chaussier proposed to 
 call Sclereme; from trxh^og, 'hard.' 
 
 The Induration of the cellular tissue of the 
 adult, Sclerosteno'sis cuta'nea, has been regarded 
 as the result of inflammation of the corfam, 
 Chorioni'tis, 
 
 Induration of the Beain, Sclerencephaha 
 — s. Grise, see Hepatization: 
 
 INDURESCENTIA, Induration. . 
 
 I N D U ' SIUM, Chitonis'cos. Strictly, ' a 
 shirt,' ' a small tunic ;' but some have so called 
 the amnion. 
 
 INEDIA, Fasting. 
 
 INER'TIA, from i«, « privative,'' and ars, 
 artis, 'art,' (?) Igna'ma, Ener' vitas-. Slug- 
 gishness, inactivity. 
 
 Inee'tia of the Womb, (F.) Inertie de la 
 matrice. The diminution and even total cessa- 
 tion of the contractjons of the uterus during 
 labour ; as well as the species of languor into 
 
INEBTIE DE ZA MATBICE 437 
 
 INFLAMMATION 
 
 which it sometimes fells after the expulsion of 
 the foetus. ' 
 
 INERTIE BE LA MATBICE, Inertia of 
 the ■womb. 
 
 INESIS, Cenosis. 
 
 INETHMOS, Cenosis. 
 
 INPANCV, lufan'tia, ttom j«, 'negsition,' 
 and fms, from fari, ' to speak.' Early child- 
 hood. Childhood; Nepiotes,Paidi'a,(J.)En- 
 fimcf.. It generally includes the age from birth 
 till the seventh year. See Age. 
 
 INFANS, Fai'dion, Nepion, (F.) Enfant. 
 An infant; a child; one in infancy. 
 
 Infans hecens satus, Nouveau-ni. ' 
 
 INFANTIA, Infancy. 
 
 INFANTICIDE, Infanlici'diii/m, Tectwc- 
 ton'ia, fromm/a»s,'a child.'and ccede.re,' to kill.' 
 The murder of a child neVvly born, or on the 
 point oi being born. It may be perpetrated by 
 the mother, or by some other person, — either by 
 eommissioK, that is, in consequence of a direct, 
 voluntary act ; — or by omission of those cares 
 which are necessary for the 'preservation of the 
 new-born. ^ 
 
 INFARCTUS, Emphraxis— i. Intestinorum, 
 Enteremphraxis — i. Lactei cxtremitatum, 
 Phlegmatia dolens — i.i Lienis, Splenoncus — i. 
 Uteri, Metremphraxis. 
 
 INFECTION, see Contagion. 
 
 INFECUNDITY, Sterility. 
 
 INFECDNDBIS, Sterile. 
 
 INFER'NAL, Infer'aus ; 'relating to hell.' 
 A name applied to caustic — Lapis hifernaHis — 
 on account of its strong, burning properties. 
 
 INFIBULA'TIO, Fihda'tio, Infibula'tion, 
 Ancterias'mus ; iiom fibula, 'a clasp.' (F.) 
 Bouclement. An operation, formerly practised, 
 vphich consisted in passing a ring through the 
 prepuce, after having drawn it over the glans ; 
 — in order to prevent coition. The ancients 
 employed inflbulation with their gladiators, to 
 preserve all their strength by depriving theni 
 of venery. In the women, to preserve their 
 chastity, the ring was passell through the labia 
 majora. 
 
 INFILTRATION, Ivfihra'tio, from filti are, 
 'to filter.' Effusion. The accumulation of' a 
 fluid in the areolas of any texture, and par- 
 ticularly of the cellular membrane. The fluid 
 effused is ordinarily serous; — sometimes blood 
 or pus,, faces or urine. When infiltration of 
 serum is general, it constitutes anasarca ; when 
 local, a^denia. 
 
 INFILTRATION FURVLENTE, see 
 Hepatization. 
 
 IS^IKM, I;ifirm'iis,Imbe{ciin.i, Deb'iUs, As'- 
 t}ie^.s,ixo(a in, negative, and firmus, 'firmi' 
 jNot firm or sound; weak; feeble. 
 ' INFIRMARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMARY. Hospital. 
 
 INFIRMATORIUM, Hospital. 
 ■f INFIRMIER {¥.), from ivfirmus, (in., ne- 
 gative, andfirmns.) Iiifirma'riiis, Nosoc'amiis, 
 Ciira'tor iiifirmo'rum. One employed in an 
 hospital or infirmary to take care of the sick. 
 
 INFIRM'ITY, Ivfir'mitasj Astheni'a, Ar- 
 rhoa'tia, InvaletH'do., Any disease which has 
 become habitual, either owing to its chronic 
 character, or its numerous relapses. 
 
 INFLA'MED, Iiijlamma'tns,(? .) Enflamme, 
 
 pUoa'osed, according to some. Same etymon 
 
 as inflammation. Affected with inflammation.. 
 
 SO 
 
 INFLAMMABLE AIR, Hydrogen, carbu- 
 retted. 
 
 INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon 
 — i. Abdominalis, Encoelitis — i. Articuli Max- 
 illae Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis — i. Aurisy 
 Otitis — i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis. — i. Ceeci, 
 Typhlo-enteritis — i. Capsulae lentis, Phacohy- 
 menitis — i. Cerebelli,Cerebellitis — i.Clitoridis, 
 Nymphitis — i. Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia — 
 i. Corneae, Ceratitis — i. Coxae, Osphyitis — i. 
 Cystidis felleae, Cholecystitis — i. Epiglottidie, 
 Epiglottifis — i. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelatous 
 inflammation — i. Faucium, Cynanche, Isthmitis 
 — i. Gastritis, Gastritis — i. Genae, Gnathitis — i. 
 Genarum, Melitis — i. Gingivae, Ulitis — i. Glan- 
 dularum lymphaticai'um, Hydradenitis— i. Glan- 
 dularum lymphaticarum, Lymphadenitis — i. 
 Glandularium sublingualium, Hypoglossiadeni- 
 tis — i. GulcB, (Esophagitis^i. Hepatis, He- 
 patitis — i. Hepatis lenta, Hepatitis (chronic) — 
 i. Interna, Empresma — ^i. Intestinorum, Ente- 
 ritis — i. Iridis, Iritis — i. Jecoris, Hepatitis — i. 
 Laryngis, Laryngitis — i. Lienis, Splenitis — i. 
 Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis— ri. Linguae, Glos- 
 sitis — i. Mediastini, -Mesodmitis — i. MeduUae 
 Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Musculi psoas, "Psoitis — 
 i. Musculorum, Myositis — i. Musculorum ab- 
 dominalium, Myocoeliitis — i. Nervorum;' Neu- 
 ritis; — i. Oculorum, Ophthalmia— i. (Esophj^i, 
 CEsophagitis — i. Omenti, Epiploitis^^i. Ossis, 
 'Ostaigiti^ — i. Ovarii, Oaritis — i. Palati, Hype- 
 rqitis'^ — i. Pancreatis, Pancreatitis — i. Paren- 
 chymatica, Parenchymatitis — i. Parotiduto, Pa- 
 rotitis, Cynanche parotidaea — i. Pectoris acu- 
 ta. Pneumonia — i. Peracuta, Hyperphlogosis, 
 Hyperphlegmasia- i. Pericardii, Pericarditis — 
 i. Periostei, Periostitis — i. Periostei orbitEe, Pe- 
 riorbitis — i. Peritonasi, Peritonitis— :i. Pharyn- 
 gis, Cynanch? pharyhgea — i. Phrenitis,Phrehitis 
 — i-. Pleurae, Pletiritis-i.Pneumonica, Pneumo- 
 nia— i. Pulmonum, Pneumonia — i. Renum, Ne- 
 phritis — i. Renum succenturiatorum. Parane- 
 phritis— i. Retinae, Dictyitis, Retinitis — i. Scle- 
 roticae, Selerotitis — i. Scroti, Oschitis— i. Septi 
 transversi, Diaiphragmitis — i. Sinuum fronta- 
 lium, Metopantritis — i. Stom3.chi, Gastritis — i. 
 Superficiei internas cordis, Endocarditis — i. To- 
 las cellulose, Ethmyphytis— i. Tels fibrosae, 
 Inohymenitis — i. Te^tium, Hernia humoralis 
 — i. Tonsillarum, Cynanche tonsillaris — i. 
 Tunicffi fayaloideas, Hyalitis — i. Tympani, 
 Tympanitis— i. Urethras, Gonorrhoea — i. Ute- 
 ri, Metritis — i. Uteri catarrhalis, see Metritis 
 — i. Uteri et Peritonasi, Metroperitonitis — i. 
 Uvula?, Uvulitis—i. "Vasorum, Angeitis— i. "Va- 
 sorum lymphaticorum, Angeioleucitis^-i. Ven- 
 triculi, Gastritis — i. 'Ventriculi et intestinorum, 
 Gastro-enteritis — i. Vesica, Cystitis — i. Vesi- 
 cae felleae. Cholecystitis. 
 
 INFLAMMATION', Inflamma'tio, from in, 
 ' vvithin,' icaAfiamma, 'flame, "fire ;' PhU^'moii.^, 
 "Phlogo' S1.S Ecphlogo'sis,'Efiiphteg"ia.,Ea^-ip'.tisy 
 PkUgma'sia, Canso'ina^ Em 'rfii'ma, F ii.lo' gin, 
 HtjpfsrMidosmvse (Outrochet,) Inc.eii'diitm, Kij- 
 perhamato'sis, II ipeni''mia artl'va Pkhbo^ hro - 
 sis ecphrar'tica, Angi.te, is so called- in conse- 
 quence of the acute or burning pain, felt in a 
 part affected with it. An irritation in a part of 
 the body is occasioned by somp stimulus; - owing 
 to which the blood flows into the cap llary ves- 
 sels in greater abundance than natural, and 
 those vessels become over-dilated and enfe- 
 bled J whence result pain, redness, heat, ten- 
 
INFLAMMATION 
 
 458 
 
 INFRA-COSTALES 
 
 sioH, and swelli^ig ; symptoms which appear in 
 greater or less severity, according to the struc- 
 ture, vital properties, and functions of the part 
 affected, and its connexion with other parts, 
 as well as according to the constitution of the 
 individual. The inflamrnations of the cellular 
 and serous membranes greatly agree) — and 
 those of the mucus and skin ; the former being 
 more active, and constituting the phlegmonous 
 variety ; — the latter, the erythematie or erysipe- 
 loitowa. Inflammation may end by resolution, 
 suppuration,,gangrenej adhesion, effusion, or in- 
 duration. Each of the inflammations of inter- 
 nal organs has received a name according to the 
 organ affected; — as, gastritis , cephalitis, enteri- 
 tis, hepatitis, &c. Besides the above inflam- 
 mations, there is considered to be an instinctive 
 kind established for the union of paris which 
 have been divided, whether the union takes 
 T^lsuce immediately, or by the aid, of an interme- 
 ' diate body. This is the adhesive inflammation. 
 See Adhesion, CaUus, Cicatrix. Broussais con- 
 sidered that the term inflammation shojild in- 
 clude every local exaltation of the organic 
 rriovements which is sufficiently great to dis- 
 turb the harmony of the functions, and dis- 
 organize the texture in which it is situate. He 
 farther extended the name infla/mmiation to irri- 
 tations which do riot induce disorganization of 
 the textures, and ' which h&d been previously, 
 and are still, cHAti. fevers. 
 
 Examination of the blood drawn always ex- 
 hibits an increase of the fibrinous element^the 
 average proportion of which, in healthy blood, 
 is about 3 in the thousand. In inflammation, it 
 at times rises as high as 10. In fevers unac- 
 companied with inflammation, the proportion 
 is natural, or below the average; but Whenever 
 inflammation supervenes, it immediately rises. 
 
 External inflammation is easily detected by 
 the characters already mentioned : — internal, by 
 disturbance of function and pain upon pressure ; 
 but the last sign is often not available. Both 
 forms require the removal of all irritation, and 
 the reduction of vascular excitement and ner- 
 vous irritability ; hence, blood-letting — rlocal 
 and general — sedatives, refrigerants, and coun- 
 ter-irritants become valuable remedies in al- 
 most all cases of irlflammation. 
 
 INFLAMMATION DBS .SMTGDALES, 
 Cynanche tonsillaris — i.des /lr*^«j. Arteritis — 
 i. of the Bladder, Cystitis — i. de la Bouche, Sto- 
 matitis — i. des Bronches , Bronchitis — i. du Cce- 
 cum, Typhlo-enteritis — i. of the Caecum, T'y- 
 phlo-enteritis — i. du Cerveau et du Cervelet, 
 Phrenitis — i. du Ccmr, Carditis — i. du Colon; 
 Colitis — i. de la Conjonctive, see Ophthalmia 
 — i. of the Diaphragm, Diaphragmitis — i. Diph- 
 theritic, Diphtheritis— i. of the Ear, Otitis — 
 i. de I'ipiglotte, Epiglottitis — i. de I'Esto- 
 mac, Gastritis — i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia — i. 
 du Foie, Hepatitis — i. des Gencives, Ulitis — 
 i. General, Synocha — i. of the Internal Mem- 
 brane of the Heart, Endocarditis' — i. Internal, 
 Empresma — i. des Intestins, Enteritis — i. of 
 the Iris, Iritis — i. of the Kidney, Nephritis — i. de 
 la Langue, Glossitis — i. of the Larynx, Laryn- 
 gitis — i. of the Liver, Hepatitis — i. de la Imelte, 
 Uvulitis — i. of the Lungs, Pneumonia — i. of 
 the Malpighian Bodies, Kidney, Bright's disease 
 of the — i. des Mamelles, Mastitis — i. de la Ma- 
 trice, Metritis — i. de la Membrane alveolo-den- 
 taire. Periodontitis — ». de la Membrane sereuse 
 
 cephalo-raehidienne, Meningitis — ^i. of ^ the Me- 
 sentery, Mesenteritis — i. de la Mo'elle ejdniire 
 ou rachidienne, Myejitis— i. of' the Mouth, 
 pseudo-membranous. Stomatitis, pseudo-mem- 
 branous — i. of the M6uth, pultaceous. Aphtha 
 — i. des Muscles j Myositis — i. des Nerfs, Neu- 
 ritis— ».-. <i?e I'OSil, Ophthalmia— i. de I'Oreille, 
 Otitis — i. de POvaire, Oaritis — i. du Palais, 
 Hyperoitis — i. du Parenc^yme pulmonaire, 
 Pneumonia— i. de la Parotide, Cynanche paro- 
 tidsea — i. Pellicular, Diphtheritis — i. du Peri- 
 carde, Periicarditis — i. of the Pericardium, 
 Pericarditis— i.'«?M Peritoine, Peritonitis — i. of 
 the Peritonoeam, Peritonitis — i. of the Pleura, 
 Pleuritis — i. de la Pl'evre, Pleuritis^. des 
 Poumons, Pneumonia^i. dit Muscle psoas. Pso- 
 itis — i. de la B.ate, Splenitis — i.des Reins, Ne- 
 phritis — i. Spongoid, Hsematodes Fungus, see 
 also Enc.ephaloid — i. of the Stomach, Gastritis 
 — i. de la Testicule, Hernia humoralis — i. of the 
 Testicle, Herniahumoralis: — i. des Tissus blanes, 
 Angeioleucitis — i. of the Tongue, Glossitis — i. 
 des Vaisseaux Lymphatiques, Angeioleucitis — 
 i. des Veines, Phlebitis — i. de la Vesicule du Fiel, 
 GholecystitisW. de la Vessie, Cystitis — i. of 
 the Womb, Metritis. 
 
 INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,^ SuUnfldmma'- 
 tio. A superficial and often insigniJicant in- 
 flammation of the skin, as in many cutaneous 
 affections, 
 
 I N F L A M'M A T R Y, Jaflammato'rius ; 
 Phlog'^icus\,Phlogo'deSjPhlogiPticus, helon^ing 
 to inflammation; — as, inflammatory.tnmouv, in- 
 flammatory fever, &c. The blood is said to be 
 inflananatory when cupped or buffy. 
 'INFLATIO, Emphysema, Puffiness, Colica 
 flatuienta — i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidaja 
 — i. Uteri, thysometra. 
 
 INFLEXIO, Caihpsis. 
 
 INFLUENCE, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUENTIA, Influenza. 
 
 INFLUENZA. The, Italian for ' Influence.' 
 Influenza EtiropcB'a, Influen'tia, Cata/r'rhiis 
 epidem'icif'S, Febris catarrha'lis'epidem'icji, Ca~ 
 tar'rhics a conta'gio, Fheuma epidem'icnm, 
 Morbus Verveci'nus , M. Catarrha'lis, Syn'- 
 ochus catarrha'lis, Defi-ux'io catarrha'lis, M. 
 Arie'tis, Cephalalgia contagio'sa (epidemics 
 of the 16th and 17th ceijturies:) (F.) Tac, La- 
 dendo, Qitinte,Florion,'Coqueluche, Baraquette, 
 Generale, Gripjie, Follette, Grenade, Coquette, 
 Cocote, Petite Paste, Petit Courier, Allure, Fi- 
 kvre catarrhale epidemiq-u'e; Influence, Epide- 
 mic catarrh. A severe form of catarrh occur- 
 ring epidemically, and generally affecting a 
 number of persons in a community. SeeJ Ca- 
 tarrh, epidemic. Gluge, from his investiga- 
 tions, considers, that the following is the chro- 
 nological order of the return of the influenza; 
 —14th century, 1323, 1326— 15th C;entury,14I0, 
 1411, 1414- 16th century, J5I0, 1557,. 1562, 
 1574, 1580, and 1593— 17th century, 1658, 1669, 
 1675, 169.3— ISth century, 1708,. 1719, 1729, 
 1732, 1733, 1749, 1743, 1761, 1762, and 1775—" 
 19th century, 1800, 1803, 1831, and 1833. To 
 these may be added 1837, and 1843. 
 
 Influenza EuroPjEA, Influenza. 
 
 INFORMITAS, Deformation. 
 
 INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura. 
 
 INFRA-ATLOIDiEUS, Sub-atloidaeus. 
 
 INFRA-AXOID.EUS, Sub-axoidseus. 
 
 INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal mus- 
 cles. 
 
INFRA-MAXILLARIS 
 
 459 
 
 INFtJSUM 
 
 INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary. 
 
 INFRA-ORBIT AR, Sub-orbitar. 
 
 INFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular 
 ligament. 
 
 INFRA-SCAPTJLARIS, Subscapularis. 
 
 INFRA-SPIN ALIS, Inlra-spinatus. 
 
 INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infraspina'lis, from 
 infra, f beneath,' and spina, ' a spine.' Situate 
 beneath the spine of the scapula ; — Infra Spi- 
 na'tis. ■ 
 
 Inera-Spina'ta Fossa, (F.) Fosse sous-epi- 
 neuse. A large excavation on the posterior 
 surface of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is 
 filled by the 
 
 Infra-Spinatus iKaic/e, Grand Scapulo-tro- 
 ehiteriert, Superscapula'ris inferior (Ch.), (F.) 
 Sous-epineua;, which is broad) flat, and trian- 
 gular. It is attached, by its base, to the three 
 inner quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by 
 a long tendon, into the tniddle part of the great 
 tuberosity of the os humeri> {Trochiter.) It 
 turns the arm outwards, and, when the arm is 
 elevated, carries it backwards. 
 ■ INFRINGENS, Corrigent. 
 
 INFUNDIB'ULUM, {in and fundere, ' to 
 pour out.') A Latin word signifying a Funnel: 
 — Choa'ne, Chonos, (F.) 'Entonnoir. A name, 
 given to many parts which, more or less, re- 
 semble a funnel. It is particularly appropriated 
 to the following organs: — 
 
 iHFUNDiB'uiftrM OF THE "BeaIn, InfundiV- 
 tiXum. seu Felvis seu Ohoa'na seu Cy'athus 
 seu Sct/pkus seu Concha seu Laeu'na seu Em'- 
 bolum seu Aqiisduc'tus seu Labrum seu Con- 
 eav'iias conchula'ris se\i Frocessus orbicula'ris 
 Ctr'ebri, (F.) Entonnoir du ventrienlemoyen du 
 cerveaii, Tige Pituitaire, Tige sus-spheno'idah, 
 A depression in the inferior paries of the mid- 
 dle ventricle, above the pituitary gland. It 
 was, anciently, regarded as a canal by which 
 the fluid collected in the ventricles of the brain 
 was evacuated, and poured into the nasal fossae. 
 
 Inpundie'dlum Cerebri, I. of the Brain. 
 
 In^undieultjm of the Cochlea, /. Coch'leoi, 
 Scyphus Vieussen'ii, S, audita' rius, Cucul'lus, 
 Cana'lis Scala'rum. commu-'nis. This, with 
 the modiolus, forms the nucleus around which 
 the gyri of the cochlea pass. It is an imper- 
 fect funnel, the apex of which is common with 
 that of the modiolus ; and the base is covered 
 with the apex of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola. 
 
 In Surgery, infundibula are used to direct 
 steam or vapours ; to conduct the actual cautery 
 to certain morbid parts, &c. , 
 
 Infumdibtjlum of the Etsmoid Bone, or of 
 the Nasal FossiE. One of the anterior cells 
 of that bone, which is broad and expanded 
 above, and narrow below; opening, above, into 
 the frontal sinus; below, into the anterior part 
 of the middle meatus of the nasal fossae. 
 
 I Infundibulum of the Heart, Conus arte- 
 riosus — i. of tSe Kidney, see Calix — i. Lachry- 
 male. Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, see 
 Tube, Fallopian — i. Ventriculi, Oesophagus. 
 
 INFU'SION, Infu'sio, En'ehysis, from in- 
 fundere, {in, anA fundere^ 'to pour in,' 'to in- 
 troduce.' A pharmaceutical operation, which 
 iConsists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a 
 ?ubstance whose medical virtues it is desired 
 to extract. Infusion is, also, used for the pro- 
 duct of this operation. In Surgery, infusion — 
 Chirur'gia infuso''ria, Ars clysma'tica nova — is 
 the act of introducing into the veins medicinal 
 
 substances, by aid of an instrument called In- 
 fusor. This mode of introducing medicines 
 was called Ars infuso'rid. 
 
 Infusion of Angustura, Infusum CusparisB 
 — i. of Buchu, Infusum Diosmae — i. of Calum- 
 ba, Infusum calumbae — i, of Cascarilla, Infusum 
 cascarillae — i. of Catechu], Infusum catechu 
 compositurn — i. of Chamomile, Infusum anthe- 
 midig — i. of Cinchona, Infusum cinchona — i. of 
 Cloves, Infusum caryophyllorum^ — i. of Cuspa- 
 ria, Infusum cuspariae — 'i. of Fox-glove, Infu- 
 sum digitalis — i. of Gentian, compound, Infusum 
 gentianae compositurn — i. of Hops, Infusum 
 humuli — i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum 
 armoracise compositum— i. of Linseed, Infusum 
 lini compositum — i. of Mint, compound, Infusum 
 menthas compositum — i. of Orange-peel, com- 
 pound, ' Infusum aurantii compositurn — i. of 
 Pinkroot, Infusum spigeliee — 1. of Quassia, In- 
 fusum quassise — i. of Rhatany, Infusum Kra- 
 meriae — i, of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei — i. of the 
 Rose, Infusum rosae compositum — i.'of Sarsa- 
 parilia, Infusum sarsaparillae^. of Senna, In- 
 fusum sennae compositum — i. of Simarouba, In- 
 fusum simaroubae — i. of Slippery elm, Infusum 
 ulmi — i. of Thoroughwbrt, Infusum eupatbrii 
 — i. of Tobacco, Infusum tabaci — i. of Valerian, 
 Infusuih valerianas — i. of Virginia snakeroot, 
 Infusum serpentaripB— i. of Wild cherry, Infusum 
 pruni Virginianae. 
 
 mPUSOm (F.), same etymon. An instru- 
 ment for injecting medical substances into the- 
 veins. It was a kind of funnel, the elongated' 
 apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod, 
 which could be withdrawn when the apex was 
 introduced into a vein. 
 
 INFU'SUM, En'ehyma^ The product of an 
 infusion. 
 
 Infusum AcXcji^ Catechu, I. catechu com- 
 positum — i. Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianse 
 compositum^. of Angustura, I. cuspariae. 
 
 Infusum AntHem'idis, Hydrockamaime'lum, 
 Infusion of Cham! omile. {Antkemid.flor. ^ss. 
 aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
 covered vessel, and strain. Ph. L.) Dose, f. 
 gj to f. giss. 
 
 Infusum Armora'pi;e Compos'itum, Com- 
 pound infusion- of Sbirseradish. {Armorac. 
 rad. concis. sinapis cont. sing, gj, aquas fer- 
 vent. Oj. Macerate for two hour's and strain.) 
 ]>ose, f. gj to f. giij. 
 
 , Infusum Auran'tii Compos'itum, Compound 
 Infusion of Orange Peel. {Aurant. cort. sice. 
 ,^ij. limon. coH. recent, gj, caryoph. cont. gss.. 
 aq. fervent. Oss. Macerate for 15 minutes, and- 
 strain. Ph. L.) Dose, f. giss to f. gij. 
 
 Infusum Bb-asii, Wort — i. Bynes, Wort. , 
 
 Infusum Calum's*;, I. Calom'bx, I. Golombse,. 
 Infusion of Columha. {Calumb. rad. concis. 
 gss. aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours,, 
 and strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. giss to f. giij. 
 
 Infusum Caryophyi.'li, Infusion of Cloves.. 
 {Caryoph. contus. j^ij. aq. fervent. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for two hours, and strain.) Dpse, f. giss 
 to f. |ij. 
 
 Infusum Cascarii.'i..e, Infusion of Casca- 
 rilla. {Cascarill. contus. gj. aq. fervent. Oj.- 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f;. 
 giss to f. gij. 
 
 Infusum Cassia; Senn«, I. sennse composi- 
 tum. 
 
 Infusum Cat'echu Compos'itum, Infusum 
 Catechu, I. Aca'Ha Catechu ; Infusion of Ca- 
 
INFUSUM 
 
 460 
 
 INGLUVIES 
 
 techu. (Catechu, in pulv. _^ss. cinnam. cont., 
 gj. aq. ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour, and 
 strain.) Dose, f. giss to f. gij. 
 
 Infusuai Cin^ho'kjE, I. Cinchontz lancifo'licB,, 
 Infusion of Cinchona. (Cinch, contus. §j. ag.' 
 fervent, Oj. Mace.rate for two hours, and strain.) 
 This infasion may also be made from the same 
 quantity of bark in coarse powder by the pro- 
 cess of displacement yfith hot or cold water.. 
 Dose, f. ^j to f. giij. The Pharmacopoeia of 
 the United States has an Infu'sum Cincho'na 
 I CoBsposiiitm, which is made as follows, (Cim- 
 chon. in: pulv. gj.. Add. Sulph. aromat. f. gj. 
 agues, 0^. Macerate for twelve hours, occa^ 
 sionally shaking, and strain.) Dose Same as 
 the last. 
 Ihpusu.m CoLQMBiEj I. calumbsB. 
 Imfusum Cuspa'rIjE, /. Angustu'rte, Infusion 
 of Cuspa'ria. (Cuspar. cort. contus. ^ss. aq. 
 ferv. Oj. Macerate for two hoursj and strain.) 
 Dose, f. gj to f. giij. 
 
 Infusum Digita'hs, 1. Digitalis purpu'rece; 
 Infusion of Foxglove. (^Digital, gj. ag.ferv. 
 Oss. Macerate, and add sp^ cinnam,. f. gj.) 
 Dose, f.'gj. 
 
 Infusdm Dros'M2E, Infusion of Buehu. (Dt- 
 osm. gj.; aq. bullie?it. Oj. Macerate for four 
 hours in a covered vessel, and strain. — PJi. U. 
 S.) Dose f. Ijss. . , 
 
 Infusum EupATo'E-il, Infusion of Thorovgh- 
 wort. {Bupator. ,^j; aq. bvllient. Oi. Mace- 
 rate for, two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, f. gij. 
 
 Ihfusum Gentia'hjeCompos'itum, Compoi/Jio? 
 Infusion of Gentian. (Gentian, contus. §ss, 
 Aurant. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa gj; Alcohol, 
 dilut. t. ^iv., Aquce f. ^xij. First pour on the 
 alcohol, and three hours afterwards, the. water; 
 then, macerate for twelve hours, and Strain. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. ,^j. to f. gij. 
 
 Marsdeti's Antiscorbu'tic Drops, an empirical 
 preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive 
 sublimate in an infusion of gentian. 
 
 Infu'stim Hu'muli, Infusion of Hops. (Hu- 
 mai. gss; Aq. bullient,Oy Macerate for two 
 hours, and strain.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. giss to 
 giij. 
 
 Infu'sum Keame'ei^, Infusion of Rhat'anif 
 (Kramer, contus. gj; Aq. bvllient. Oj. Mace- 
 rate for four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) 
 . Dose, f. giss. ' 
 
 Infusum Lini, I. L. compositum. 
 
 Infusum Lini Compos'itum, I. lAni, (Ph. U. 
 S.) /. lAni usitatis'simij; Infusioti of Lin- 
 seed. (Lini sem. cont. gss. glycyrrh. rod. 
 cont, gij, agvm fervent. Oj. Macerate for four 
 hours, and strain.) Dose, a teacupful, ad libi- 
 tum. 
 
 Infusum Malti, Wort. 
 
 Infusum Menthje Compos'itum, Compound 
 Infusion of Mint. (Fol. menlh. sat. sice, gij, 
 aq. fervent. ^. s. ut. colentur. f . ,^ vj . Macerate 
 for half an hour; and, when cold, strain : then 
 zMr^sacch. alb. gij, ol. menth. sat. gtt. iij, dis- 
 solved in iinct. card. c. i. §ss. PA. D.) Dose, 
 f..^jtof.giij. 
 
 Infusum Piois EMPYREUMATiOiE L.iquid«, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liquidum, see Pi- 
 nus pylvestris. 
 
 Infusum Peuni VikginIa'n,e, Infusion of 
 Wild Cherry Bark. (Prun, Virginian, cont., 
 5ss, Aquas, Oj. Macerate for two hours, and 
 rtiain. Ph. U.S.) 
 
 Infusum Quassi^e, I. Qvassice excel' sa; In- 
 fusion of Quassia. (Quassim lign. cone, gij, 
 ag. ferv. Oj. ' Macerate for two hours and 
 strain.) Dose, f. §j. to f. |iv. 
 - Infusum Rhei,- An^ima Khei, Infusion of 
 Rhubarb. (Rhei coxtt. gj. ag. ferv. Oss. Ma- 
 cerate for two hours and. strain.) Dose, f.-gj 
 to f. Jiv. 
 
 losFusuM II0S.E Compos'itum, I. Rosas Gal'- 
 Uccb; InfusioTi of the Rose. (Ros. Gallic petal 
 exsicc. giv, ag, fervent, Oiiss, acid, sulph, d. f. 
 giij, sateh. purif. %\ss. , Add the water^ apd 
 afterwards the acid ; — macerate for half an 
 hour; strain, and add the sugat.) Dose, f. giss 
 to Oss. 
 
 . Infusum SAESAPARiL'L.ffi, Infusion of Sarsa- 
 parilla., (Sarsaparill. Contus'. gj, agues bullient, 
 Oj; Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, 
 andstrain.^Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Dose, f. ,|ij to f. giv. 
 ■ Infusum, Senn«, /. S'Compos'itum, I. Cassis 
 SenncB, I, Senna simplex. Infusion of Senna. 
 (Senna gj, con'arafiJr.. contus. gj, ag.ferv.S^j. 
 Macerate for an hour, and strain.) Dose. f. Sj 
 to f. giv. 
 
 The Blaci Draught, Black Dose, Haustus ni- 
 ger, is usually formed of this infusion. It may 
 be niade oiinfus. senncc f. gy, aq. cinnam. f, 
 gj, manna giv, magnes. sulph. gvj. Dose, a 
 wine-glassful. 
 
 Selway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a 
 concentrated infusion of the leaves, in combi- 
 nation with an alkali. 
 
 Infusum Sennje Compositum, I. sennae. . ,• 
 Infusum SEHPENTA'niyE, Infusion ofVirginia 
 SnaJcerqot.- {Serpewtar. gss, ag. bullient. Oj. 
 Macerate for two hoursj and strain<7-l*h. U. S.) 
 Dose, f. giss. 
 
 Infusum Simarou'e*, Infusion ofSimarou- 
 ba. (Sifnaronb. cort. cont- gss. aq, fervent, Oss. 
 Macerate for two hours, and strain. Ph. L.) 
 Dose, f. gij. , , ^ 
 
 Infu'?um Spise'lis;, Infusion of Pinkraot, 
 (Spigel, gss, ag. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
 iours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. giv to 
 Oss. 
 
 Infusum Tab' ACi, Infusion of Tobacco. (Tar 
 bad. fol. gj, ag.ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour, 
 and strain.) 
 
 IhItusum Ulmi, Infusion of Slip'pery Elm. 
 This preparation, in the Pharmacopceia o^the 
 United Slates, is made by infusing one ounce of 
 slippery elm bark in a pint of boiling water, 
 
 Infusum Valer.ia'n/E, Infusion of Vale' rian. 
 (Rad. valerian, in crass, pulv. gss, ag.fe'rvent. 
 Oj. Macerate for an hour, and'strain. Ph.D.) 
 Dose, giss to gij. 
 
 INGfi'NIUM, (laiorbi). The genius of a dis- 
 ease. This word is employed, especially by 
 the French, synonymously with nature. They 
 speak, for instance, of Genie inflammatoire, 
 bilieiix, &c. Some, also, use genie in the place 
 of type of an intermittent. 
 
 INGES'TA, fromi«, and gerere, gestum, 'to 
 bear or carry into.' Substances, introduced 
 into the body by the digestive passages; as food, 
 condiments, drinks, &c. 
 
 INGLU'VIES, Aples'tia, Vict&s intemperan'- 
 tia: — Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop 
 or Craw of Birds, (F.) Jabot, and the first 
 stomach or^a?«icA of ruminant animals — Pen'- 
 ula, Lumen, Venter magnus. Also, the Pha- 
 rynx. 
 
INGRASSIAS 
 
 461 
 
 INJECTION 
 
 INGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'YSES OF. The 
 lesser ate of the sphfepoid bone. 
 
 INGRAVIDATIO, Fecundation. 
 
 INGRESSUS SUPERIOR, Cardia. 
 
 INGUEN, Babxm, Bubo, ' the groin.' ^da'- 
 on, aitoiov,' He'patis emifncto'ria, (F.) Aim. 
 The ohlique fold or depression which separates 
 the ahdomeij from the thigh. It is oiily, pro- 
 perly speaking, a line that extends from the an- 
 terior and superior spinous process of the ilium 
 to the middle part of the horizontal ramus of 
 the pubis. 
 
 IN'GUlNAL, Inguina'lis, fiominguen, ' the 
 groin.' Belonging oi; relating to the groin. 
 This' epithet has ^een given to various parts 
 met veith in the region of the groin or inguinal 
 region. 
 
 Inguinal Aetery is that portion of the fe^ 
 moral artery' situate immediately beneath the 
 Qrural arch in the inguinal region. 
 
 InguinaI. Canal is a canal, about two inches 
 in length, proceeding obliquely downwardsj in- 
 wards and forwards at the lower part, of the 
 abdomen ; through which passes the spermatic 
 cord, in men, and the round ligament of the 
 uterus in women^ This canal is formed, infe- 
 riorly and anteriorly, by the aponeurosis of the 
 greater oblique muscle j posteriorly by the 
 fascia transpersalisjWhich is joined to the pre- 
 ceding aponeurosis, and forms with it a deep 
 channel, into which are- received the ksser ob- 
 lique and transversalis muscles. The inguinal 
 canal has two apertures; the one, the lower 
 and, inner, is called the inguinal or abdominal 
 ring. It is bounded by two strong tendinous 
 pillars, which ^x it — the innermost to the sym- 
 physis, the outermost to the spine of the pubis. 
 The upper and outer aperUire is formed by the 
 fascia transversalis. From the edge of this aper- 
 ture arises a membranous fujinel, — a prolonga- 
 tion of the fascia transversalis, — Which receives 
 the spermatic vessels ; fprms their proper sheath, 
 and accompanies them as far as the testicle. 
 On its inside lies the epigastric artery. Above 
 it, is the lower edge of the transversalis mus- 
 cle : and, below, it is bounded by the channel 
 of the greater oblique. By following the ob- 
 lique direction of this canal, and passing, con- 
 sequently, on the outside of the epigastric arte- 
 ry, {he viscera are displaced, so as to constitute 
 internal inguinal hernia. 
 
 In guinal RE'aioN,Jte'gioingHina'Hs,Buio, 
 Inguen. The region Of the groin. 
 
 Inguinal Ring, AbdoTn'inal Ring, An'nulus 
 abdom'inis, (F.) Ahneau Inguinal, is the in- 
 ferior aperture of the inguinal canal. 
 
 IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS. a name given 
 by Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of 
 the anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve ; 
 because it sends its numerous filaments to the 
 groin, scrotum, arid to the skin of the superior 
 part of the thigh. 
 
 INHiERENS, Inherent. 
 
 INHAL ATIO, , Absorption, Inhalation — - i. 
 Otitis, see Absorption. i 
 
 INHAL A'TION, Inhala'tio; from in and 
 halare, ' to breathe.' The act of drawing air 
 into the lungs — Inhala'tio putmona'lis. Also, 
 absorption. ^ 
 
 INHA'LER, MUDGE'S. An apparatus for 
 inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections of 
 the air-passages. It consists of a pewter tank- 
 ard provided with a lid, into which a flexible 
 
 tube is inserted. Through this, the vapour is 
 inhaled. 
 
 INHE'RENT, Inha'rens, (in, and kcs,rens.) 
 That which adheres, or which is joined or uni- 
 ted to any thing. ' 
 
 Inherent Cautery, (F.) Cautire inherent, 
 is the actual qautery, left in contact with a 
 part until it is redi^ced to the state of a deep 
 eschar. 
 
 INHUMA'TION, Inhuma'tio, from inhumo, 
 {in, aitd humus,) ' I put into the ground.' In- 
 huma'tio. The 'semflture of the dead. This 
 belongs to the subject of medical police. 
 , INIODTMUS, Diprosopus. 
 
 INION, inoi'. Som'e_ofthe Greek physicians 
 gave this' name to the occiput : others fo the 
 back part of the neck, and the muscles of the 
 occiput. Blanchard s^ys it is the commence- 
 ment of the spinal marrow. 
 
 INI'TIS, Inohymeni'tis, from 15, gen. im;, 
 ' a fibre,' > and itis, a suflix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. 'Fibrous inflammation. 
 
 INITIUM, Arche — i. Asperae arterije. La- 
 rynx — :i. Extuberahs Coli, Csecum. 
 
 INIUM, iwo». The nucha. Also, the mus- 
 cles at the back of the neck. j 
 
 INJACULA'TIO. ' A term employed by 
 Van Helmont to designate an acute pain of the^ 
 stomach, with rigidity and immobility of the 
 body. 
 
 ■ INJECT'ED, Injec'tus, from injicere, (in, 
 and jaeere,) ' to throw into.' The face and 
 other parts are said to be injected, when the 
 accumulation of blood in the capillary vessels 
 gives them an evident red colour. A subject 
 or part of a subject, is also said to be injected, 
 when its vessels have been filled, by the anato- 
 mist, with an appropriate composition. 
 
 ■ INJECTION, Itijee'tio; Eis'bole: same ety- 
 mon. The act of introducing, by means of a 
 syringe or other instrument, a liquid into a ca- 
 vity of the body. The liquid injected is also 
 called an injection. Anatomists use injections 
 — Injectio'nes anatom'icce — for filling the cavi- 
 ties of vessels, in order that they may be ren- 
 dered more apparent, and their dissection be 
 facilitated. For this purpose, they employ 
 syringes of different dimensions, and various 
 materials. The most common injections are 
 inade of soot, wax, and turpentine, coloured 
 with lanip-black, vermilion, &c. There are 
 three kinds- chiefly used by anatomists, — the 
 coarse, the fine, and the minute. Th6 following 
 are formulae for each. 
 
 Coarse Injection. 
 No. 1. 
 Pure yellow wax, 07,. xvj. 
 Bleached rosin, oz. viij. 
 Turpentine varnish^ by measure, oz. vj. 
 
 No. S. 
 Yellow rosin, lb. ij. 
 Yellow wax, lb. j. 
 
 1arpenti7ie varnish, a sufficient quantity to 
 make the mixture flexible When cold. 
 
 No. 3. 
 Tallow, lb. ij. 
 White wax, oz. x. 
 Convmon oil, oz. vj. 
 Venice ttirpentine, oz. ir. 
 
 Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boil- 
 ing water. 
 
INJECTION 
 
 462 
 
 INNOMINATUM 
 
 To make any of these mixtures 
 Red — add vefmilion, Oz. iij. 
 YeWova^Ktng's yellow,. oz.. iiss. 
 Wiaie—^best flake white, oz, vss. - 
 Pale-blue \f'y* M^' ■^f^it«, oz.iuss. 
 \ Jine blue smalt, oz. lliss. 
 Dark-blije — bl'Ue verditer, oz. xss. 
 Black — lamp-blacJc, oz. j. 
 
 I poivdered^verdigxis, oz. ivss. 
 Green < bestflfihe white, oz. iss. 
 
 { .powdered gamboge; oz. j. 
 
 Fine Injection. 
 Brown spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
 White spirit varnish, joz. iv. 
 Turpentine varnish, oz. j. , 
 
 To make this mixture 
 
 Red — add vermilion, oz. j. 
 Yellow — King's yellow, oz. jl. 
 •White — best fla^ white, oz. ij. 
 T iV>it W A flne blue smalt, oz. iss. 
 ° ) bestflaie white, oz. j^. 
 
 ' Dalk-blue — blue verditer j oz.- iv. 
 Black — damp-black,, oz. ss. 
 Minute Injection. 
 Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or 
 Isinglass, oz. v-iij. 
 Water, lb. iss. Dissolve. 
 To make this mixture 
 
 Red' — add vermilion, oz. v. 
 Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iv. 
 White — best flake white, oz. v. 
 Blue — flne blue sm.ali, oz. viij. 
 
 S powdered verdigris, oz. iij. 
 best flake white, dr. ij. 
 powdered gamboge, dr. j. 
 Black — lamp-black, oz. j. 
 
 Cold Injection. 
 White lead and red leadj each oz. iv ; linseed 
 oil, enough to form a thick paste when 
 they are rubbed well together. ' Liquefy 
 this past« with turpentine varnish, oz. 
 viij. 
 The advantage of this mixture is, that the 
 subject need not be heated. 
 
 In order to inject the arteries, the injection 
 must be forced from the great trunks towards 
 their ultimate rataifications. To inject the 
 veins, on the contrary, it is indispensable, on 
 account of their valves, to send the injectioli 
 from the smaller divisions towards the greater. 
 The lymphatics are usually injected with, mer- 
 cury. The practitioner injects, by forcing 
 With a syringe, liquids, such as emollient, nar- 
 cotic, stimulant, and other decoctions or in- 
 fusions, into different hollow organs, as the 
 rectum, vagiria, nasal fossse, urethra, tunica 
 vaginalis, auditory canal, &c., to fulfil various 
 therapeutical indica,tions. 
 
 The following injection has been slJrongly 
 recommended by Dr. Homer tp preserve the 
 dead body. 
 
 Take of lAverpool, 3t. TJbes, 
 
 or Tmk's Island Skit, oz. 3C avoird. 
 Ktrate of potassa, " 19 
 
 Carbonate of soda, " 8 
 
 Molasses ^Sugar-house,) " 4 by meas. 
 Water, six pints. 
 
 The saline constituents to be dissolved first 
 of all in boiling hot water; the molasses to be 
 afterwards stirred in : the starch to be mixed 
 
 well with half a -pint of cold water, and then 
 to be stirred in with the other articles. As 
 soon as it begins to boil, the wh,ole mass swells 
 up, when it must be removed from the fire. 
 On the proper reduction of teinperature it is fit 
 for use. 
 
 Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura caiji- 
 tharidis. 
 
 Injectiones- ANATOMioiE, See Injection. 
 
 INK, Atrament«m. ^ 
 
 IN-KNEED, Entogonyankon.' 
 
 IN'N ATE, from m, and ma*M«, 'born.' iln- 
 bprn. 
 
 Innate Diseases, Morbi eonna'ti, . M. con- 
 gen'iti, (E,)' Muladies irf.nees. Diseases with 
 which the infant is born. They are not always 
 hereditary, &s hereditary diseases are not always 
 innate. ^ , 
 
 INNERLEITHEN, MINERAL WATIJRS 
 OF. These springs, situate near the Tweed, 
 and supposed to be th^ scene of "St. Ronan's 
 Well," contain chlorides of sodium and pal- 
 cium, and carbonate of taagnesia. 
 
 INNERVA'TION, Innerva'tio, from in, < in,' 
 and nervus, ' a nerve.' By this term is meant 
 — the nervous influence, necessary for the main- 
 tenance of life and the functions of the various 
 organs ; — an infljience of whose character and 
 source we are ignorant. It seems to resemble 
 the galvanic'or electric agencies. See Nerves. 
 
 INNOMINA'TUM, Anon'ynmm, from in, 
 priv. and nomen, 'a name,^ (F.) Anonyme. 
 Having no name. 
 
 Innomina'ta , 'Arte'e-ia, Brachio - cephat'ic 
 artery, A. brachio-cephaligue • (Ch.) , — Arte'fia 
 anon'yma. Bight Subclavian, ,(F.) Artere in- 
 nominee, is the trunk common to the right 
 primitive carotid and. to the subclavian. It 
 arises from the anterior part of the arch of th& 
 aorta, ascends obliquely to the right, along, the 
 trachea ; and, after a course of about an inch in 
 length, divides into tvvo trunks, which go off at 
 right angles. Th^ one is external — the right 
 subclavian ' proper; the other superior — ^the 
 primitive carotid, of the same side,. 
 
 Innominata Cartilago, Cricoid. 
 
 Innominata Cav'itas. a cavity of the outer 
 ear, betvveen the helia; and anthelix. 
 
 Innominatum Foea'men. A foramen, near 
 the mi4dle of the antei'ior surface of the pars 
 petrosa of the temporal bone, leading bacfe 
 wards for the passage of the Vidian nerve, re- 
 flected from the 2d brahch of the Sth to the 
 portio dura of the 7th pair. 
 
 Innominata Linea, see llio-'peetinea Linea. 
 
 Innominati vel Anonymi, Neevi. Some 
 anatomists have thus called the nerves of, the 
 fifth pair. 
 
 Innominatum Os, Os Coxen'dieis, Os Coirse, 
 Os anon'ymvmi, Os pelvis lateifa'lt, (F,.) Osirt- 
 nomine, Os Coxal, Os anonyme^ &c. A very 
 large, flat bone, Which forms the anterior and 
 lateral paries of the pelvis. It is curved upon 
 itself in two opposite directions. In the first 
 periods of life, it is composed of three portions j 
 — the ilitim, ischium, and pubis, which join 
 each other in the acetabulum. It is articulated 
 before with its fellow, — behind, with the sacrum; 
 and laterally with the femur. 
 
 Innominata Mino'ra Ossa, — Lesser Ossa 
 innominata, Ossic'ula innomina'ta. Some ana- 
 tomists have given this name to the three cu- 
 neiform bones of the tarsus. 
 
INNOMINATUS 
 
 463 
 
 INSOMNIA 
 
 Innominata Ossicula, Innominata minora 
 Ossa — i. Tunica Oculi, Sclerotic. 
 
 Innominat*: Ven^ of Vieussens. Vieus- 
 sens has given this name tff two or three veins, 
 which arise on the anterior surface and right 
 margin of the heart ; and open into the auricle 
 towards its right margin. The term Ven/s 
 Inwomin ATa; of Meckel is given to the hrdchio- 
 cephalic veins, which are generally included in 
 the description of the subclavian vein, and cor- 
 respond to the arteriae innominatae, being formed, 
 by the union of the internal jugular vein and the 
 subclavian properly so called, which corresjjond 
 to the common carotid and subclavian arteries. 
 
 INNOMINATUS, Anonymous. 
 
 INNUTRITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis. 
 
 lNOCULA'TION,/?;o(!uia'ti;o,Z«i»''«to,7».st"- 
 Ho variola'rwm, from inoculare, {in, and oculus, 
 ' an eye,') ' to ingraft.' Any operation by which 
 small-pox, for example, may be artificially 
 communicated, by introducing the virus of the 
 particular disease into the economy, by means 
 of a puncture or scratch made ' in the skin. 
 When the word inoculation is used alon^, it 
 usually means that for the small-pox.-^ Fan'oT 
 lation. 
 
 Inoculation, Cowrox, Vaccination — i. Jen- 
 nerian. Vaccination. 
 
 INOCULATOR, . Same etymon. In'sitor. 
 One who practises inoculation. 
 
 INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, inodular. 
 
 INODVLE, Tissue, inodular. 
 
 INOHYLOMA, Tumor, fibrous. 
 
 INOH Y MENI'TIS : from .t, gen. ii-oc'a fibre;' 
 'U/uiIV, ' a membrane,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 matibn. Inflamma'tio tela filrb' sa. , Inflamma- 
 tion of the fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus. 
 
 INORGAN'JC, Iiwrgan'ictis ; from in, priv. 
 and or'ganum, ' an organ.' A term applied to 
 bodies which have no organs ; — such as mine- 
 rals. At the present day naturalists admit of 
 but two classes of bodies, — the organized and 
 inorganic. Parts of the body, which, like the 
 epidermis are devoid of blood-vessels and nerves, 
 have been called anorgiinic, 
 
 INOSCLERO'MAJ from .5, gen. trof, 'a fibre,' 
 and o-Mjgai^Ko:, ' induration.' Induration of the 
 fibrous tissue. 
 
 INOSCULATIOi Anastomosis. 
 
 INQUIES,- Inquietude. 
 
 INQUIETATIO, Inquietude. 
 
 INQUI'ETUBE, Inguietu'do, I-ri'quiesi In- 
 quieta'tio. Jactita'tioy ixom'in, priv. and quies, 
 ' rest.' Agitation of trouble, caused by indispo- 
 sition. Restlessness. 
 
 INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm. 
 
 INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me-^ 
 dico-legal. 
 
 INSALIVA'TION, Insaliva'tio, from in, and 
 saliva. The mixture of the food with the sa- 
 liva, and other secretions of the mouth. 
 
 lNSALU'BRlOVS,Insalu'bris,Nose'ros,No- 
 so'des. That which is unhealthy, — which in- 
 jures the health. 
 
 INSANABILIS, Incurable. 
 
 INSANIA, Mania — i. Cadiva, Epilepsy— i. 
 Lupina, Lycanthropia — i. Puerperarum, Ma- 
 nia, puerperal. 
 
 INSANITY, Insa'nia; from in, privative, 
 and sanus, 'sound;' Mental aliena'tion, Aha- 
 liena'tio seu Aliena'tio Mentis, Arrep'tio, Un- 
 sound Mind, Derange'ment, Deranged intel- 
 
 lect, Cra'ziness, Aphros'ynS, Ecphro'nia, Ee- 
 phros'yni, Paral'lage, Parallax'is, Delir'ia, Ve- 
 sa'nice, Delir'ium, (Crichton,) XnsipienHia, (F.) 
 Folie, £garement d'Esprit, Paraphren,ie. This 
 term includes all the varieties of unsound mind, 
 — Mania, Melancholia, moral Insanity, Demen- 
 tia, and Idiocy, which see. 
 
 Insanity, Incoherent, Dementia — i. Moral, 
 Pathomania — i. Puerperal, Mania, puerperal — i. 
 Senile, Delirium senile — i. Suicidal, see Suicide. 
 
 INSCRIPTIO'NESTENDIN'E^ MUSCU- 
 LO' RUM, Intersectio' nes seu Enervatio'nes 
 tendin'ese musculo'rum, Interme'dia Ugamenta'- 
 lia seu ner'vea. The-tendinoiis portions which 
 cross several muscles, and especially the straight 
 muscles of the abdomen. 
 
 INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia. 
 
 INSENSIBlL'ITYj Ansesthe'sia, Insensihil'- 
 itas. Loss or absence of sensibility. It is very 
 common in cerebral affections, and may extend to 
 every part, or be limited to one or more. Some 
 organs are much more sensible than others. 
 The bones, cartilages, ligaments, &c., are insen- 
 sible in health, but acutely sensible in disease. 
 
 INSEN'SIBLE, Sensibilita'tB carens. That 
 which is devoid of sensibility. This word is 
 applied, also, to phenomena which cease to be 
 appreciable to the senses. Thus, we say, the 
 pulse becomes insensible, 
 
 INSER'TION, Inser'Ho, Symph'ysis, Eno'- 
 sis, from inserere, (in, and serere, ' to join or 
 knit,') ' to ingraft.' (F.) Attache. The attach- 
 ment of one part to another. Insertions occur 
 chiefly on bones, cartilages, and fibrous oi^ans ; 
 thus, we speak of the insertion of muscular fi- 
 bres into a tendon or aponeurosis ; the insertion 
 of a tendon, aponeurosis, or ligament, into a car- 
 tilage or bone. The word insertion has like- 
 wise been used by pathologists, for the act of 
 inoculating or introducing a virus into the body. 
 
 INSES'SIO, from insidere, {in, and sedere,) 
 ' to sit in.' This term is, sometimes, applied 
 to a vapour bath, the person being' seated in a 
 perforated chair, beneath which a vessel, filled 
 with hot water, or the hot decoction of some 
 plant is placed. See Semicupium. 
 
 INSESSUS, Bath, half. . 
 
 mSlJ)'E,T<i'TlA,Epis'tasis. Anything which 
 swims on or in the urine. It is opposed to the 
 JSypo^^ittsis or subsid-en'tia.' 
 
 INSIPIENTIA, Insanity. 
 
 INSISIO CILIORUM, Blepharoplastice. 
 
 INSITIO, Inoculation — i. Dentis, Transplan- 
 tatio Dentis — i. Variolarum, Inoculation. 
 
 INSOLA'TION, Insola'tio, from in, and sol, 
 ' the sun ;' Aprica'tio, Helio'sis, Heli'asis, Siri'- 
 asis. Exposure to the sun. Exposure of a pa- 
 tient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes, had 
 recourse to, with 'the view of rousing the vital 
 forces, when languishing, or of producing irrita- 
 tion of the skin. Insolation is occasionally used 
 in the same sense as coup de soldi. 
 
 In Pharmacy, insolation means the drying of 
 chemical and pharmaceutical substancesi 
 
 imOLAZIONE DE PRJMTVERA, Pel- 
 
 INSOM'NIA, Insom'nitas, Sahara, Zaara, 
 Periiigil'ium, Pernoctri'tio, Ayp'nia, Agryp'- 
 nia, Ahyp'nia, Anyp'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep^- 
 lessness,Vig"ilamee, from in, privative, and som- 
 nus, ' sleep,' ' absence of sleep.' This may 
 exist alone, and constitute a true disease; or 
 it may be connected with another affection. It 
 
INSOMNIUM 
 
 464 
 
 INTEMPERANCE 
 
 is an unequivocal sign of suffering in some or- 
 gan ; even when the patient experiences no pain. 
 
 INSOMNIUM, t'omnium. , 
 
 INSPECTIO MEDICO-LEGALI^, see Me- 
 dico-legal. 
 
 INSPTRATEURylnspuatqry. 
 
 INSFIJIA'TION j Iiiipira'Ho, Empaeumato'- 
 sis, Eisp'noe, Adspti-a'tio, Aspira'tio, from in, 
 'in,' and spiro,- H breathe.' The action by 
 v^hich the air penetrates into the interior of the 
 lungs. A movement opposed to that of expi- 
 ration. As regirds the average quantity of air 
 received into tlie lungs at e^ch inspiration, 
 there is much discrepancy amongst, observers. 
 The following table sufficiently exhibits this. 
 
 Cubic inclies at 
 each jnspinitinn. 
 
 Eeil, .42 to 100 
 
 Menzies, 
 Hauvages, 
 Hales, 
 Haller, 
 
 Ellis, \. 40 
 
 Sprengel, 
 Sommering, 
 Thomson, 
 Bostock, 
 
 Jurin, : .35 to 38 
 
 Fontana, 35 
 
 Eicherand, 30 to 40 
 
 Dalton, 30 
 
 Herholdt, ., SO to 29 
 
 Jurine, .20 
 
 Allen and Pepys, -16^- 
 
 J. Borelli, ...15 to 40 
 
 Goodwyn, ..14 
 
 SirH. Davy, -.13 to 17 
 
 Abernethy and Mojon, 12 
 
 Keutsch, 6 to 12 
 
 Inspiration of Venous Blood. By this is 
 meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart, 
 occasioned by the approach to a vacuum pro- 
 duced by the dilatation of the thorax during 
 inspiration. 
 
 IN'SPIRATORY. Same etymon. Inspira- 
 tio'ni inser'viens, (F.) Inspirateur. A name 
 given to muscles, which, by their contraction, 
 augment the size of the. chest, and thus produce 
 inspiration. The diaphragm and. intercostal 
 muscles are the chief agents of inspiration. , In 
 cases where deep inspirations are necessary, 
 the action of these muscjes is aided by the con- 
 traction of the, pectoralis major and pectoralis 
 minor, subclavius, serratus major anticus, sca- 
 leni, serratus posticus superior, &c, Most of 
 these muscles become inspiratory, by taking 
 their fixed point at the part which they ordi- 
 narily move, and elevating the ribs. 
 
 INSPISSA'^IO, Pycreo'iji, ftomim,and spis- 
 sare, ' to thicken.' The act of rendering thick ; 
 as in the forrtiation of an extract — Snccus lu- 
 spissa'tns. , , ,^ 
 
 INST13P, Galium pedis, (F.) Coude-pied, 
 Cbu du pied. The projection at the upper part 
 of the foot, near its articulation with the leg — 
 tlaedarsics, 
 
 INSTILLATIO, Instillation. 
 
 INSTILLA'TION, Enstalax'is, Instilla'tio, 
 from in, 'into,' and stilla, ' a drop.' The act 
 of pouring a liquid drop by drop. 
 
 INSTINCT, (L.) Listinc'tus, 'inwardly 
 moved.' Bru'da, Horme. The action of the 
 living principle, whenever manifestly direct- 
 
 ing its operiibtions to the health, preservation, 
 or reproduction of a living frame or any part of 
 such frame — MoWinen natu'rce saluta'/inTn, 
 The law of instinct is, consequently, the law 
 of the living principle, and instinctive actions 
 are the actions of the living principle. Instinct 
 is natural. Reason is acquired. ' , 
 
 INSTINCTIVE, limine tus. Same etymon. 
 RelWing to or caused by instinct j as instinc- 
 tiv« actions. See Emotional. Those instinc- 
 tive actions of animals which are owing to 
 impressions made on the sensory ganglia, ex;- 
 citing respondent motor iniluehces that are pror 
 pagat^d to the various muscles of the body, are 
 teriped by Dr. Carpenter eovsensual. 
 
 INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, see Theory 
 of medicine. 
 
 INSTITUTUM ORTHOP.^DICUM, Or- 
 thopedic institution. 
 
 IN'STRUMENT,7»si»-M»»e«'iM»»,Or'^«w«»». 
 A tool, an age^it. 
 
 INSTRUMEN'TUM CHIRUR'GICUM. A 
 surgical ,tool or instrument. 
 
 Instrumentum Digestionis. The. digestive 
 apparatus. 
 
 Insteumentum Insteumentobtjm, Manus. 
 
 INSUFFICIENCY, frora-w, and suffiderit.j 
 Inadequateness to any end or purpose, — as In- 
 suffieiency of the valves of the heart; '(^.) In- 
 su^safice des- valv^cles d^i Cce-ur; — a condition 
 in which they are not adapted, as in health, to 
 properly close the apertures., 
 
 INSUFFISANCE DES VALVULES DU 
 CCEUR, Insufficiency of tlie valves of the heart. 
 
 INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffla'tio, from in, sub, 
 snA. flare, ' to blow.' The act of blqwing^ gas 
 or vapour into some cavity of tbe body ; as when 
 tobacco smoke is injected in^o the rectum ; or 
 when air is blown into the mouths of new-born 
 children to excite the respiratory functions. 
 
 IN'SULA CER'EBRI, OF REIL. The in- 
 termediate lobe of the brain. Lobus mterme!- 
 dius cer'ebri. A remarkable group of convolu- 
 tions within, the fissure of Sylvius., It is called,- 
 by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fissure ofSylviu^, 
 Lobule of the corpus striatum,. 
 
 Insula Satsguinis, see Blood. 
 
 INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 , INTEGRITAS, Sanitas. 
 
 INTEG'UMEN'I^;fertg-?(TOera'«?i»i,J'cgiiOTi!n'- 
 tum, Teg'umen, Teg'imen, Tegmen, lnvolu'cr,j(m 
 seu Vela/men'tum corp'oris commu'ne ; Vbla'men 
 sen VelamerAum nati'vum, from in and tegere, 
 ' to cover.' (F.) Tegument., Any thing which 
 serves to cover, to envelop. . The siin, in- 
 cluding the cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis 
 vera is the common integiiment or tegument of 
 the body. . ■ 
 
 INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS. The mem- 
 branes surrounding the fcetus in utero. 
 , IN'TELLECT, -hitellec'tus. Nous; Mens, 
 Gno'mi, Noos, Nits, Noe'sis, Syn'esis, from in- 
 telligere, {inter, 'between,' and legere, 'to 
 choose;') 'to understand," conceive,? ' know.' 
 (V.) Entendement, Intelligence. The aggregate 
 of the intellectual faeiUties— perception, forma- 
 tion of ideas, memory, and judgment. 
 
 Intellect, Deranged, Insanity. 
 
 INTELLIGENCE, Intellect. 
 
 INTEM'PERANCEs Intemperan'tia ; Im- 
 moderan'tia, tmmoderot'tio, Aera'sia, Acola'sia, 
 Ples'moni, Amet'ria, Aples'tia, from in, ' nega- 
 tion,' and temperare,, ' to temper.' Immoderate 
 
INTEMPERIES 
 
 465 ' INTERiPINEVZ CERVICAUX 
 
 use of food and drink, especially the latter! — ^ 
 fruitful source of disease. 
 
 INTEMPE'KIES. Same etymon. Dyscra'- 
 Ha. Derangement in the constitution of the 
 atmosphere and of the seasons ; bad constitu- 
 tion; derangement, or disorder in the humoura 
 of the body. 
 
 INTENS.IVUS, Entaticos. 
 
 lNTEN'TION,i>it6M'fJo,fromi«,andt«m(iere, 
 ' to stretch.' Propos'.itum. The object which 
 one proposes. In surgery^ a. wound is said to 
 heal by the jirst iruention^ R^u'iiio p6r primam 
 intentio'nem, when cicatrization occurs without 
 suppuration j union by the second iiitention, 
 Reu'nio per secun'dam intentio'^i^m^ being that, 
 which does not occur until the surfaces have 
 suppurated. To obtain union by the first in- 
 tention, the edges of a recent wound must be 
 brought in apposition and kept . together by 
 means of adhesive plasters and a proper ban- 
 dage. Delpcoh has substituted for those ex- 
 pressions. Reunion primitive, and Reunion se- 
 condaire. 
 
 INTERANEA, Entrails. 
 
 INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interartieul a'Hs . 
 Parts situate between the articulations are so 
 called; m interartictdar ceirtilages, interarticu- 
 lur ligaments, &c. 
 
 INTERCA'DENCE, Inteteaden'tia, Interci- 
 den'tia, from inter, ' between,' and cadere, ' to 
 fall.' Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so 
 that, every now and then, a supernumerary 
 pulsation occurs. The pulse, in shch case, is 
 said to be intercurrents 
 
 INTER'CALARY, Intercala'ris, Inter'ci- 
 dens, tromintercalare, 'to insert.' Embol'imos, 
 Interpola'tus, Provocato'rius . The days which 
 occur 'between those that are critical. The 
 term has, also, been applied to the days of apy- 
 rexia in intermittent fevers. 
 
 INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE, see 
 Cytoblastema. 
 
 INTERCEPTIO, imminter, ' between,' and 
 capere, 'to take.' A bandage, by the aid of 
 which the anciepts proposed to- Urrest the pro- 
 gress of the material cause of gout and rheu- 
 matism; and which consisted in covering the 
 affected limbs with Carded wool; surrounding 
 them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied 
 from the fingers to, the axilla, or from the toes 
 to the groin. , 1 
 
 InTERCEPTIO iNTESnNOKtJM, IlcUS. 
 
 INTERCERVICAUX, -Interspinales colli. 
 
 INTERCIDENS, Intercalary. 
 
 INTERCIUENTIA, Intercadence. . 
 
 INTERCILIUM, Mesophryon. 
 
 INTERCLAVICULAR, Inferclamcula'ris, 
 from inter, ' between,' and clavicula, 'a clavi- 
 cle.' That which is placed between the clavi- 
 cles. ' 
 
 Inteecla-Vicular Lig'ament is a fibrous 
 bundle, placed transversely. above the extre- 
 mity of the sternum, between the heads of the 
 two clavicles. This ligament is flat. Its fibres, 
 which are always longer above than below, are 
 separated by small apertures, which are tra- 
 versed by vessels. It prevents the separation 
 of the two clavicles in the forced depression of 
 the shoulder. 
 
 INTERCOS'TAL, Jntercosta'Us, from inter, 
 'between,' and casta, 'a rib.' Mesopleu'rus, 
 Mesopleu'rius. That which is situate between 
 the ribs. (F.) Sous-costal. 
 
 Intercostal Ar'tekies vary in number. 
 There is constantly, however, a supe'rior, Ar- 
 te'ria Intercosta'lia sitpe'rior vel Intercosta'tis 
 stibcla'ma, which is given off from the poste- 
 rior p^rt of the subclavian, and iwhich sends 
 branches into the first two or three intercostal 
 spaces; and, generally, eight or nine inferior 
 or aortic intereostals. These arise from the la- 
 teral and posterior parts of the pectoral aorta, and 
 ascend obliquely in front of the vertebral co- 
 lumn, to gain the intercostal spaces, where 
 they divide into a dorsal branch and an inter- 
 costcd, properly so called. 
 
 Inteiigostjvl,Muscles are distinguished into 
 internal, — inter-plevrocostaux of Dumas, — and 
 external. The former are inserted into the 
 inner lip, the latter into the outer lip of the 
 edge of the ribs. The fibres of the external in- 
 tereostals are directed obliquely downwards and 
 forwards ; and those of the internal downwards 
 and backwards. Both are inspiratory or '.expi- 
 ratory muscles, according as they take their 
 origin on the uppei; or lower rib. Some small, 
 fleshy fibres, seen' occasionally at the inner 
 surface of the thorax, descending obliquely 
 from one rib to another, have been called In- 
 fracostales. 
 
 Intercostal Nerve, Tri?planchnic nerve. 
 
 Intercostal Nerves, Branches soitscostales, 
 (Ch.) Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from 
 the anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. 
 They are twelve ip number, and, are distributed 
 especially to the muscles of the parietes of the 
 chest a,nd abdomen. 
 
 Intercostal Space, IntervaVlum sen In- 
 terstit"iuvi intercosta^U ,~Mesopl6u'rum, Meso-_ 
 pleu'rium,- is the interval which separates one 
 rib from that immediately above or below it. 
 
 Intercostal 'Veins are distinguished like the 
 arteries. The right sziperior interfostal vein is 
 often wanting. "When it exists, it opens into 
 the back part of the subclavian. The same vein 
 of the left side is very large. It communicates 
 with the demi-azygos, receives the leift bron- 
 chial vein, and opens into the corresponding 
 subclavian. The right 'inferior intercostal 
 veins open into the vena azygos; and those of 
 the left into the demi-azygos. 
 
 INTERGUR'RENT, hitercur'rens, from in- 
 ter, 'between,' and currere, ' to run.' Diseases 
 are so called which supervene at different 
 seasons of the year, or which cannot be consi- 
 dered as belonging to any particular season. — 
 Sy.lenham. A disease is likewise so called 
 which occurs in the course of another disease, 
 as Intercurre7it Pn67tmonia. 
 
 INTERCUTANEUS, Subcutaneous. , 
 vINTERDJEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between,' 
 and .dens, 'a .tooth.' The interval between 
 teeth sf the same order. — Linden. 
 
 INTERDIGITAIRE, Interdigital. 
 
 INTERDIG'ITAL, Inturdigita'lis, (E.) In- 
 terdiaitaire, same etymon as the next. That 
 which relates to the spaces between the fingers. 
 Interdigital space, (F.) Espdce interdigitaire, 
 is used, also, for the commissure between the 
 fingers. 
 
 INTERDIGIT'IUM, from inter, 'between,' 
 and digitus, 'a finger.' A corn or wart, which 
 grows between the fingers and toes, especially 
 between the latter. — Pliny. 
 
 INTERAPINEUX CERVICAUX, Inter- 
 ' spindles colli, m 
 
INTERFEMINEUM 
 
 466 
 
 INTEROSSEOtJS 
 
 INTERFEMINEUM, Perinaeum, Vulva, Ge- 
 nital organs. ^ 
 
 INTERFINIUM NARIUMi Septum narlum. 
 
 INTERFORAMINEUM, PeHnscum. 
 
 INTERITUS, De^th. 
 
 INTERLOB'ULAR, Inter lohula'ris, from 
 inter, 'between,' and Igbulus, 'a small lobe.' 
 That which is between lobes,^as of the lungs. 
 
 Interlob'ulak, Tissue, Textum interlpbula'- 
 rfi, lJigwnien'tainterlobula*riaful'mo''fiU7n> The 
 cellular tissue between the pulmonary lobules. 
 
 INTERMAXILLARY. Intermaxilla'ris,— 
 from inter, ' between,' and matilla, ' a jaw.' 
 That which is situate -between the maxillary- 
 bones. 
 
 Intermaxillaey Bone, Inei'sive, Pal'atine, 
 or Lahial hone, is a bony portion, wedged in 
 between the two superior maxillary bones, 
 which supports "the upper incisors. This bone 
 is found in the mammalia ; and, also, in the hu- 
 man foetus. J , 
 
 INTERMkDE, Excipient. 
 
 INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTAL,IA SEU 
 NERVEA, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum.' 
 
 INTERMEDIATE VASCULAR SYSTEM, 
 Capillary system. 
 
 INTERMIS'SION, Intermis'sio, Dialeip'sis, 
 Diali/t'sis, Tempus intercala'r&, Intervtzl'lum, 
 from inter,- ' between,' and mittere, '■ to put or 
 send.' (F.) Intermittence. The interval which 
 occurs between two paroxysms of an intermit- 
 tent or other disease — during which the patient 
 is aliaost in his natural state. There is said to 
 be intermission of the pulse, when, in, a given 
 number of pulsations, one or more may be 
 wanting., 
 
 /JVTJEiJiWJTrJBiVCJB, .Intermission. 
 
 INTERMITTENT, Intermit' tens. Same 
 etymon. That which has intermissions. 
 
 Imtermittent Feveh, Fehris intermit' tens , 
 Dialeip'yra, Intermittens, An'etu^, Ague, Ague 
 and Fever, Pahi'dal Feveif, Period'ic Fever, (F-. ) 
 Fiivre intermiitente, F. d'Acchsj F. des marais, 
 F. Periodique, is a fever chiefly produced by 
 marshy miasms, and consisting of paroxysms, 
 with a complete state of apyrexia in the inter- 
 vals. The chief types are the Quotidian, Ter- 
 tian, and Quartan. The symptoms of inter- 
 mittents are thoSe of a decided and completely 
 'axzxiis.i, cold stage : (F.) Stade d''-froid,a.ttend- 
 ed with paleness; collapse; impaired sensibi- 
 lity; and coldness, more or less diffused, fol- 
 lowed by general rigors. After this occurs the 
 hot stage; Stade de'la Chalemr, the heat return- 
 ing partially and irregTilarly, and at length, be- 
 coming universal, and much above the standard 
 of health. The pulse is now hard and strong; 
 tongue white; urine high-coloured; thirst con- 
 siderable. At length, the sweating stage (F.) 
 Stade de Sneur, makes its appearance; the 
 moisture usually beginning on the forehead, 
 face, and neck, and soon extending universally ; 
 the heat abating; thirst ceasing; the urine 
 throwing down a sediment, and the, functions 
 being gradually restored to their wonted state. 
 The tertian type is the most common, and the 
 quartan the most severe. The quotidian more 
 readily changes into a remittent andcontinued fe- 
 ver. The quartan has, generally, the longest cold 
 stage,, the tertian the longest hot. The exciting 
 causes are ma.ish miasmata. Ague,also,occursin 
 districts where there are no marshy emanations. 
 , Such districts are, generallyj|pf a volcanic na- 
 
 ture; farther we know not. When the disease 
 has once attacked an individual it is apt to re- 
 cur. The prognosis is, in general, favourable, 
 as far as regards_Ufe ; but long protracted inter- 
 mittents are apt to induce visceral obstructions 
 and engorgements, which may end in dropsy. 
 In some countries, the disease is of a very per- 
 nicious character. The indications of treatment 
 are, 1, To'abate the violence of the paroxysm; 
 and 2. To prevent its return. The first indi- 
 cation requires the adoption of the general prin- 
 ciples and remedies required in ordinary fever.. 
 The second is the most important. The period 
 of apyrexia is that for action. . The means- for 
 fulfilling this indication are:^the use of eme- 
 tics, purgatives, cinchona, quiriia, &c., arsenic, 
 and fprcible impressions rnadeon the mind of 
 the patient. 
 
 mTEBMlJS'CVLAn,Intermuscula'ris,{Tom 
 inter, 'between,' aadmusculus, 'a. piusele.' 
 That which is placed between muscles. 
 
 Imteemus'oolae ApoNEDEo'sEs are aponeu- 
 rotic laminae or septa, situate betwe,e,n muscles, 
 to which they often give attachment. 
 _ JNTER'N AL,Inner,lnter'nns. That which 
 is. placed on theinside. This epithet is given 
 to parts that look towards an imaginary central 
 plane, which divides the body into two equal 
 and symmetrical portions, as well as to those 
 which correspond with a cavity. Thus, we 
 say the inner surface of the' arm, or thigh- — the 
 inner surface of the skull, &c. , 
 
 InTeenXl Diseases, Morbi inter'ni, are those 
 which occupy the inner parts of the bo^y. 
 Their mvestigaition belongs to the physician; 
 external diseases falling under the management 
 of the surgeon.. 
 
 INTERNODI A DIGITORUM MANUS, 
 Phalanges of the fingers^. Digitorum pedis, 
 Phalanges of the toes. 
 
 INTERNO'DIUM, i)feJog■o?^'^WOT,from JKier, 
 'between,' and nodius, 'a knot.' The part of 
 the fingers between the joints. A phalanx. 
 
 INTERNUNTII DIES, Critical days.. 
 
 INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani— i. 
 Mallei, Tensor tympani. - 
 
 INTEROS'SEI PEDIS, Metatarfo-phalan- 
 gien-lateral, (Ch.) The number, arrangement, 
 shape, and'-uses of these are the same as in the 
 case of the preceding muscles. ^ Four are dor- 
 sal, and three plantar ; six belong to the three 
 middle toes and one.to Ihe little toe. The great 
 toB is devoid of them. As in the hand, they 
 are distinguished, in each toe, into abductor and 
 adductor.- ' 
 
 INTEROS'SEOUS, Interos'seus. That which 
 is situate between the boiies ; from Mi*«r, ' be- 
 tw-een,' and os, ' a bone.' - > 
 
 Interosseous Ar'teries of the Forearm 
 AND Hand. Of these there are several. I. The 
 common interosseous artery arises from the pos- 
 terior partofthe ulnar, a little below the bicipi- 
 tal tuberosity of the radius ; passes backwards 
 and divides into two branches: theone called 
 anterior MtterosseoMS- descends vertically, ante- 
 rior to the interosseous ligament; the other, 
 called posterior interosseous, passes above that 
 ligament, appears at its posterior part and di- 
 vides into two great branches, — the posterior 
 recurrent radial and the posterior interosseous, 
 properly so called. In the hand, — 1 . The dorsal 
 metacarpal interosseous arteries are given off 
 by the dorsalis carpi, a division of the radial 
 
INTEROSSEUX BE LA MAIN 467 
 
 INTERTINCTUS 
 
 artery. 2. The Palmar interosseous arteries, 
 which arise from the convexity of the deep 
 palmar arch, and give off the middle interos- 
 seous arteries. 3. The dorsal interosseous of 
 the index, proceeding directly from the radial 
 artery. In the footj are distinguished — 1. The 
 dorsal interosseous arteries, three in numher, 
 virhich arise from the artery of the metatarsas, 
 a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 3. The plantar 
 interosseous arteries, which are, also, three in 
 numter, and arise from the plantar arch. 
 
 Interosseous Li&'aments. Ligaments 
 seated between certain bones, which they unite ; 
 such are the ligarhents between the radius and 
 ulna, and between the tibia and 'fibula. 
 
 Interosseous Muscles. These occupy the 
 spaces between the bones of. the mfetacarpus 
 and metatarsus J and, consequently, belong, — 
 some to the hand, others to the foot. 
 
 Interosseous Nerve is a branch, given off 
 by the^ median nerve, which descends before 
 the interosseous ligament, accompanying the 
 artery of the same name. 
 
 Interosseus ManDs, (F.) Muscle interos- 
 seux de la main, — Meiaearpo-fhalangien-la- 
 terdl suspalmaire et metacaryo-fhalangien la- 
 teral, (Ch.) 'These muscles are seven in nuni- 
 ber; two for each of the three middle iingers, and 
 one for the little finger. Four are situate on 
 the back of the hand, and three only in the 
 palm. They are inserted into the metacarpal 
 bones, and send a tendon to the tendon of the 
 extensor communis. ,■ According to their office, 
 they are, to each finger an adductor and an 
 aiductor. The index has a dorsal abductor 
 and a palmar one. The middle finger has two 
 dorsal muscles for adductor and abductor'; the 
 ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a palmar 
 abductor; and the little finger has only one in- 
 terosseous abductor, which is palmar. These 
 muscles produce abduction and adduction of 
 the fingers, which they can also extend, owing 
 to their connexion with the extensor tendons. 
 
 IsTEEossEus Secu-^dus, PrloT medii digiti — 
 i. Quartus, Prior annularis. 
 
 Interosseous VEiKS<have the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries. 
 
 INTEROSSEUS DE LA M4JiV, Inte- 
 rosseus manus. 
 
 INTERPELLA'TUS, l^Morhus,) from inter- 
 pelloi ' I interrupt.' A term, by which Para- 
 celsus designated those diseases whose progress 
 is unequal, and paroxysms irregular. 
 
 INTERPLE.VRO-COSTAVX, Intercostal 
 muscles. 
 
 INTERPOLATtrS, Intercalary. 
 
 INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONS, 
 Amenorrhoea. I 
 
 INTERSCAP'ULAR, Interscapvla'ns, {in- 
 ter, and scapula.) That which is between the 
 shoulders; as the interscapular region, .The 
 interscapular cavities, Cavita'tes ' interscapu- 
 la'res, are the depressions between the scapulae 
 and spinous processes of the vertebrae. 
 
 INTERSCAPU'LIUM. The spine of the 
 scapula. 
 
 INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection. 
 
 INTERSECTION, Intersec'tio, Diac'opl, 
 from inter, between,' and seeo, 'I cut.' Tfie 
 point where two lines meet and cut each other. 
 The name, aponeurot'ic intersection, is given to 
 fibrous bands, which certain muscles present in 
 
 their length, and by which they seem inter- 
 rupted. Aponeurotic intersections are found 
 in the recti muscles of the abdomen ; in the 
 semi-membranosus, complexus, sterno-thyroi- 
 deus, &c. 
 
 INTERSECTIONES TENDINE^iE MUS- 
 CULORUM, Inscriptipnes tendineic musculo- 
 rum. ( 
 
 INTERSEPIMEN'J'UM THORACIS, Me- 
 diastinum. t 
 
 INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PAC- 
 CHIONI, Tentorium. 
 
 INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between,' 
 and septum, 'a partition.' Cion, nmv. The 
 uvula; also, the septum narium. The dia- 
 phragm. 
 
 Intersbptum Naeium,' Septum narium — i. 
 Virginale, Hymen. 
 
 Interspinal, Interspind'Hs, from inter, 
 'between,' and spina, 'the spine.' That which 
 is seated between the spinous processes. 
 •, Interspi'nal Ljg'ament, Meritbra'na inter- 
 spina'lis, (F.') Liga/ment interepineux. These 
 occupy the intervals between the spinous pro- 
 cesses in the back and loins. In the neck, they 
 are replaced by the muaclfes of the same name. 
 They prevent the too great flexion of the spinp, 
 and keep thespinous processes- i« situ, 
 
 INTERSPINA^LES colli, Spina'les Colli 
 mino'res, Spina^ti, (F.) Interepi^eux-cervicaux, 
 Intercervicimx', (Ch.). These are twelve in 
 number, and occupy, in two parallel rows, the 
 intervals between the spinous processes of the 
 cervical vertebrae, from that of the, atlas and 
 vertebra dentata, to, that between the last cer- 
 vical and first dorsal vertebrEe. They are flat, 
 thin, and quadrilateral. These muscles con- 
 tribute to the extension of the neck and -to 
 throwing the head backwards. 
 
 Inteespinales Dorsi et Lumeo'rum ; por- 
 tions of the Transversaire-epinenix, of Boyer, 
 and the sacrospinal of Chaussier. These mus- 
 cles are of two kinds. The one (Muscle gr/and 
 ipineux du dos, of Winslow) representing 
 fleshy bundles of different lengths, applied upon 
 the lateral surfaces of the spinous processes, 
 from the third dorsal vertebra to the second 
 lumbar. The other (Mustle petit, ipvneux du 
 dos, Winslow) covered by the preceding. They 
 are situate on each side of the interspinal liga- 
 ment, in the form of small, short flat bundles. 
 Which pass from one spinous process to the se- 
 cond, third or fourth aboVe it. These muscles 
 aid' in extending the vertebral column; and in- 
 cline it a little to one side, when they act ori 
 one side only. 
 
 IN'TERSTICE, Interstif'ium, Arso'ma, 
 fiominter, 'between,' and sto, 'I starld.' Dias- 
 te'ma, Interval'lum, Anatomists have given 
 this name to the intervals between organs. 
 The iliac crest', crista ilii, for example, has two 
 lips and an interstice between them, which af- 
 fords attachment to the lesser oblique muscle 
 of the abdomen.. 
 
 Interstice, Pore. 
 
 INTERSTIT"IAL, Inter stitia'lis, same ety- 
 mon. Applied to that which occurs in the in- 
 terstices of an organ, — as ^'■interstitial absorp- 
 tion," '^interstitial pregnancy," &c. 
 
 INTERSTITIUM, Interstice— i. Ciliare, 
 Ciliary ligament — i. Intercostale, Intercostal 
 space — i. Jugulare, Throat. 
 
 INTERTINCJJUS, Discreet. 
 
INTERTBACHJiLIENS 
 
 4C8 
 
 INTOXICATIO 
 
 JNTERTRACHMLIENS, Intertransver- 
 
 qo I pc f^O 11 1 
 
 intf/rtransversaires des 
 
 LOMBES, Intertransversales lumborumi 
 
 INTERTEANSVERSA'LIS, Intertransver- 
 aafrius. That which is placed hetween the 
 transverse process of the vertebrae. 
 
 Interteansveesales CoLii, (F.) Intertrans- 
 versaire's cervicaux, Intertracheliens , (Ch.) 
 These are small, muscular bundles; quadrilate- 
 ral ; thin and flat; situate, in pairs, in the inter- 
 vals between the transverse processes of the 
 neck, except between the first and second, 
 where there is only one; They arB distin- 
 guished into amterior and posterior. The -for- 
 mer are six in number ; the latter five. These 
 muscles bring the transverse prbcesses of the 
 neck nearer each other, and contribute to the 
 lateral flexion of the neck. ■ 
 
 Tnterteansveesales Lumbo'eum, Mus'culi 
 intertransver si lumho'rum, (F.) Intertransver- 
 saires des lomhes. These are almost entirely 
 fleshy, and ten in number; five on each side. 
 They are similar to the preceding in general 
 a,rrangement; except that they are more marked, 
 and not placed iji two rows. Each intertrans- 
 verse space contains only one. They are quad- 
 rilateral, and flat. The first occupies the space 
 between the trahsverse processes of the fiirst 
 lumbar and last dorsal vertebra ; and the last is 
 Ijetweeif that of the'fourth and fifth lumbar ver- 
 tebrae. These muscles incline the lumbar re- 
 gion laterally ; and straighten it when inclined 
 to one side'. ,' 
 
 INTERTRIGO, Chafing— i.Podicis, Chafing. 
 
 INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid. 
 
 INTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice 
 — i. Intercostale, Intercostal space. 
 
 INTERVENIUM, Mesophlebium. 
 
 I N T E RVE R'TE B RAL, Intervertehralis, 
 {inter, and vertebra.') That which is situate 
 between the vertebrse. 
 
 Inteeveetebral ■ CaE'tilages, Interverte- 
 bral fihro-cartilages, lAgamen'ta intervertebral - 
 lia. These organs are of a fib'ro-cartilaginous 
 nature; sectionsof a cylinder; flexible; whitish; 
 resisting; and situate betvi^een the bodies of the 
 vertebrae,- — from the space between the second 
 and.Jhird as far as that between the Jast verte- 
 bra and sacrum. Their form is accommodated 
 to that of the vertebra with which they are in 
 connexion; so that, in the neck and loihs, they 
 are oval, whilst in the dorsal region they are 
 nearly circular. 
 
 INTESTABILIS, Castratus. 
 
 INTESTATUS, Castratus. 
 
 /iVTEST/iV, Intestine. 
 
 INTES'TINAL, Intestina'Us, from intws, 
 ' within.' That which belongs to the intestines, 
 — as intestinal canal, &c. Bordeu uses the 
 term Pauls intestinal for a pulse, which he con- 
 ceived to announce an approaching crisis by the 
 intestines. 
 
 iNTESTrNAL Juice, SucciUS entericus. 
 
 Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cana'lis seu 
 Tractus 'intestino'rum. The canal formed by 
 the intestines from the pyloric orifice of the 
 stomach to the anus. 
 
 INTES'TINE, Intesti'nvm, En'teron, Chor- 
 da, Gut, Nedy'ia (pL), Pan'tices (pi.) Boel'li 
 (pi.), Bowel, (P.) Intestin, Boyau. A musculo- 
 membranous canal, variously convoluted, which 
 extends from the stomach to.ithe anus, and is 
 
 situate in the abdominal cavity; the greater 
 part of which it fills. In man, its -length is 
 six or eight times that of the body.- It is di- 
 vided into two principal portions, called small 
 intestine and large intestine. The formerj iw- 
 testi^num len'ue, I. gra6"ill,X¥ .) Inteslin grile, 
 constituting nearly >four-fifths of the whole 
 length, begins at the stomach and terminates 
 in the' right iliac region. It is divided into du- 
 odenum^, jejunum and ileum. Some anatomists 
 give the naine small intestine to the two' latter 
 only; which are kept in place by the mesentery, 
 and form a large paquet', occupying the umbili- 
 cal and hypogastric regions, a part of the flanks, 
 of tlie iliac regions, and of the cavity of the 
 pelvis. It is composed of, 1. A serous mem- 
 brane; which is peritoneal. 2. Of a muscular 
 coat, whose fibres are very p^le, and are placed, 
 in part, longitudinally; but the gl-eater part 
 transversely. ■ 3. Of a whitisTj, mucous mem- 
 brane; villous; and forming folds or valves— 
 valvules conniventes — at its inner surface, and 
 furnished viritha considerable number of mu- 
 cous follicles, called glands of Lieberkiihn, 
 {Crypts or Follicles of Lieberkuhn,) axiA Brun- 
 ner, and, perhaps, those of Peyer may be added. 
 The arteries of the small intestineproceed from 
 the superior mesenteric ; its veins open into the 
 vena porta. Its nerves proceed from the supe- 
 rior mesenteric plexus. The' great intestine, 
 Intesti'nwm crassum, .J^egalocw lia, (F.) Gros 
 intestin, fornis- a sequence tb the small. It is 
 much shorter, and'is solidly attached in the re- 
 gions of the abdomen which it occupies. It be- 
 gins in the right iliac region; ascends along 
 the right flank, till beneath the liver, when it 
 crosses the upper part of the abdomen, descend? 
 into jthe left iliac fossa,- and plunges, into the 
 pelvic cavity, to gain the anus. The great in- 
 testine is usually divided into three portions, — 
 the cacatm,, colon and reottcm, jt receives its 
 arteries from the superior and inferior mesente- 
 ries. Its veins open into the vena pbrta. Its 
 nerves are furnished by the mesenteric plex- 
 uses. -Its lymphatic vessels, which are much 
 less numerous than those of the small intestine, 
 pass ihto the ganglions or gland's seated betWeen 
 the difierent reflections of the peritoneum, which 
 fix it to the abdominal parietes. .The use of 
 the intestines is, — in the upper part, to eflfect 
 the chylification of the food and the absorptibn 
 of the chyle ; — in the lowir, td serve as a reser- 
 voir, where the. excrementitious portion of the 
 food collects; and, also, as an excretory duct, 
 which effects' its expulsion. , 
 
 INTEStlNORUM LjEVlTAS.Xientery. 
 
 INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Anfractuosi- 
 ties (cerebral) -^i. Meibomii, Meibomiua, 
 glands of. 
 
 INTESTINULUM, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
 
 INTESTINUM CELLULATUM,Xolon— 
 i. Circumvolutum, Ileon^^i. Crassum, Colon, 
 see Intestine — i. Gracile, see Intestine— i. 
 Grande, Colon— i. Laxum, Colon— i. Majus, 
 Colon— i. Medium, Mesentery— it Plenum, Co- 
 lon— i. Rectum, Rectum— i. Tenue, see Intes- 
 tine. ' 
 
 INTIMUM UNGUIS, Nail, root of the. 
 
 INTONATIO INTESTINALISy Borboryg- 
 mus. 
 
 INTORSIO, Distortion. 
 
 INTOXICATIO, Poisoning-^i. Arsenicalis, 
 
INTOXICATION 
 
 469 
 
 IODINE 
 
 Arsenicismus — i. Opiaca, Meconremus — i. Sa- 
 tuinina, Saturnismus. 
 
 INTOXICATION, Poisoning—^", des Ma- 
 rais, see Miasm. 
 
 INTOXICATION SATURNINE. Lead 
 poisoning. The aggregate of symptoms which 
 present themselves prior to an attack of lead 
 colic. — Tanquerel des Planches. 
 
 INTRA-PELVIO-TROCHANTiRIEN, 
 Obturator internus. 
 INTRICATURA, Decussation; 
 INTRIN'SIC, Intrin'seciis; from intra, 
 ' within,' and secus, ' towards.' Applied to the 
 internal muscles of certam organs ; as those of 
 the ear, tongue, and larynx. -Lipnaeus gave the 
 name Inlmiseei to internal diseases. 
 
 INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis— i. Va- 
 gina, Rima vulvBP. 
 
 INTROMIS'SION, Jntromis'sio ; from intra, 
 'within,' and mitta, 'I send.' The act of in- 
 troducing one body into another, as Intromissio 
 Penis, (F.) Introfnission de la Verge. 
 
 INTROSaSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio— i. En- 
 tropium, Entropidn. . 
 
 INTUBUJJ, Cichorium endivia— i. Errati- 
 cum, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 INTUMES'CENCE, Intumesten'tia, Onco'- 
 eis, Dionco'sis, from intumescere, {in and tJi- 
 mescere,) ' to swell.' Augmentation of size in 
 a part or in the whole of the body. Sauvagj^es 
 uses the word InturnKscen'tia for an order of dis- 
 eases, in which he comprehends polysarcia, 
 pneumatosis, anasarca, ce'denaa, physconia, and 
 pregnancy. 
 
 INTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS, 
 Ganglion of Gasser — i. Lactea Mammaruiii, 
 Sparganosisr— i. Lienis, Splenoncus — i. Semilu- 
 naris, Ganglion of Gasser. 
 
 INTUSSUSCEP'TIO, from intus, '^vitjiln,' 
 and snscipio, 'I receivci' Intros-iiscep'tio. In 
 physiology ; — the mode of increase peculiar to 
 organized bodies. In pathology, like ConvoV- 
 vulus, Vol'vulus intesthio'r'U-m, Suscep'tio Jn- 
 testino'rum, Chordap'siis, EJitsroparisago'ge, 
 Parisavo'gS intestino'rttm, Indigitatio, Tor- 
 men'tiim and Invagina'tio, it means the intro- 
 duction of one part of the intestinal canal into 
 another, which serves it as a sort of vagina or 
 ^ sheath. Generally, it is the upper part of the 
 email intestine, which is received into the low- 
 er, when the intussusception is said to be pro- 
 gres'sive. At times, however, it is ret'rograde. 
 As the disease cannot be positively detected by 
 the symptbtas, it must be treated upon general 
 principlesi At times, the invaginated'portion 
 has separated and been voided per 3.aum,-^-ihe 
 patient recovering. The disease is, however, 
 of a very dangerous character. 
 
 INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 INTYBUS HORTENSIS, Cichorium endi- 
 viai 
 
 INULA, see Inula helenium— i. Common, 
 Inula helenium. 
 
 Inula Dysenter'ioa. The systematic name 
 of the Lesser Jnvla, Goiiy'za tne'di.a, Ar'nica 
 Sneden'sis, Ar'nica spti'ria, Cuni'la mas'cida, 
 Covy'za, Cmiila'ijo, (F.) Aini.ee aiitldysemi- 
 riq'iie, Herhe de Saint Rock. Nat. Ord. Com- 
 posita;. This plant was once considered to pos-, 
 sess great antidysenteric virtues. The whole 
 plant is acrid and somevhat aromatic. 
 
 Ini'la Hele'nium. The systematic name of 
 the El'ecampane, Eii'ula campa'na, Ele'niwm^ 
 
 Neeta'rium, Helininm, Common Inula, (F.) 
 Aim'ce. The root, hmia (Ph. U. S.) was for- 
 merly in high esteem in dyspepsia, cachexia, 
 pulmonary affections, &e. It is now scarcely 
 used. ' ' . 
 
 Inula-, Lesser, Inula dysentericai 
 INUNC'I'IO, Inunction, Liniment. 
 mV^C'T:iO^,lnunctio,PerHm:'tio,Illit"io, 
 IlU'tus, lllinifio, Obliidfio, Chrisis, Catach'.^ 
 ri,sisy Diach'risis,Epich'risis, TTnctio.' A li- 
 niment. Also, the act of rubbing in. (F.) 
 Onction. 
 
 INUNDATIO, Depuration. 
 
 INUSTIO, Cauterization, Cauterium. 
 
 INUSTORIUM, Cauterium. 
 
 INVAG"INATED, Invagina'tus, from in, 
 and vagina, ' a sheath.' Applied to a part, 
 which is received into another, as into a sheath. 
 
 The invaginated or slit and tail bandage is 
 one in which strips or tails pass through appro- 
 priate slits or buttoh holes. 
 
 INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio. 
 
 INVALETUDO, Infirmity. 
 
 INVALID, Valetudinary. 
 
 INVALIDUS, Valetudinary. 
 
 IN'VASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm. 
 
 INVERMINATION, Helminthiasis. 
 
 INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion 
 — i. Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of 
 the. 
 
 INVERSION DE LA MATB.ICE, Vteiw, 
 inversion of the. ■ 
 
 INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids. 
 
 INVESTITURA FUNICULI UMBILICA- 
 LIS, see Funiculis umbilitalis. 
 
 INVETERATUS, Chronic. 
 
 INViSCANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI. A morbid adhe- 
 sion of the eyelids to each other, or to the globe 
 of tbe eye. Also, gluing together of the eye- 
 lids by a vjscid secretion. ' 
 
 INVOLU'CRUM, Invblamen'tum, frorn in- 
 velvere, 'to fold in.' A covering;, hence Invo- 
 lu'cra cer'ebri, the membranes of the brain. 
 InvbMcra nerv'orum, the sheaths of the nerves. 
 
 Involcorum Cordis, Pericardium — i. Cor- 
 poris commune. Integument — i. Linguas, see 
 Tongue — i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa 
 — i. Nervorum, Neurilema — i. Reti compara- 
 tum,- Retina.,' 
 
 INVOLUMENTUM, Involucrum. 
 
 JNVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
 
 10 DE, Iodine. 
 
 lODES, iEruginous. 
 
 IODIDE OF AMMONIUM, see Iodine— i. 
 of Arsenic, see Iodine— i. of Iron, see Iodine — i. 
 of Lead, see Iodine — i. of Potassium, see Iodine 
 — i. of Quinine, see Iodine — i. of Starch, see 
 Iodine: — i. of Sulphur, see Iodine — i. of Zinc, 
 see Iodine. 
 
 lODIDUM AMYLI, see Iodine— i. Hydrar- 
 gyricum, see Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, see 
 Iodine — i. Plumbi, see Iodine — i. Sulphuris, see 
 Iodine. 
 
 I'ODINE, Io'din.a, lo'dinnm, lodin'inm, To'- 
 dnm, lo'd'itm, lo'niiim, lo'unm, (F.) lode; from 
 /'■■<fi,?, viola'cens, 'of a violet colour,' so called 
 from the violet flavour it exhales when volatilized. 
 It is contained in the mother waters of certain 
 fuci, and is obfained by pouring an excess of con- 
 centrated sulphuric acid on the water obtained 
 by burningdifferent fuci, lixiviating the ashes and 
 concentrating the liquor. The mixture is placed 
 
lOOINIA 
 
 470 
 
 IRID^A EDULIS 
 
 in a retort to which a receiver is attathed, and 
 is boiled. The iodine passes over and is con- 
 densed. It is solid, in the form of plates ; of a 
 bluish gray colour, of a metallic brightness, 
 and smell similar to that of the chloride of sul- 
 phur. Its sp. gr. is, 4:946. When heated, it 
 becomes volatilized, , and affords the vapour 
 ■which characterizes it. With oxygen it forms 
 the Iodic acid, and with hydrogen the Hydrio- 
 dic. The tincture of iodine and the iodides 
 have been employed with great success in the 
 treatment of goitre and of some scrofulous af- 
 fections. It must be administered 4n a very 
 small dose and for a long period. It is said to 
 be apt, however, to induce cholera morbus, 
 signs of great nervous irritability and emacia- 
 tion of the mammae. When these symptoms, 
 collectively termed J'odism, loda'sis,- and lo- 
 din'ia, are .urgent, the dose may be diminished, 
 or it may be wholly discontinued, and after- 
 wards resumed. 
 
 Various preparations of Iodine are employed 
 in medicine ; as the Iodide of Iron {Ferri lo'- 
 didum, F. lodure'tiim', '(F.) lodure dufer,whieh 
 is sorbefacient and tonic, in the dose of 3 or 4 
 grains; the Proti'odide of Mercury, {Hydrar:- 
 gyri Proto-lodure'tum, H, lo^didwrn, Hydrar'- 
 gyr-UTn Toda'turti fia/vuin, H. lodula'tum, H. 
 loda't-um, Jo'didum Hydrargyro^siim', Hydiar- 
 gyri Froto-lo' didum,) sorbefacient and anti- 
 syphilitic in the dose, of l-12th of a grain; the 
 i>euti'odide of Mercury, (^Hydrar'gyri Deuto- 
 lodure'tmm, H, le'didum rulrum, Hydrargyrum 
 loda'tumruhriMn, £/. Ferioda'twm^lo' didumliy-. 
 dra'-gyr'icum, Biniodide of Merctiry,) with simi- 
 lar virtues, in the dose of 1.16th of a grain; the 
 Iodide of Starch, {lo'didumvel Jodure'tum Am- 
 yli, Am'ylum loda'tum,) a weaker preparation 
 than- the usual forms of iodine ; . the Iodide of 
 Qui'nia, {lo'didum Qui'nia,) used in scrofulous 
 cases, where iodine and tonics are indicated; 
 the Iodide of Lead, {Pliimhi lo'didum, P.Jodic- 
 re'tum, (F.) lodure de plomi,) used externally in 
 strumous swellings; the Iodide of Potassium, 
 (in solution Hydriddate of Potassa,) see Po- 
 tassie Hydriodas; — the lodo-hydrargyrate of 
 Potassium,, {Potae'sii lodo-kydrar'gyras, P. 
 Hydrargi/ro-iodidzim,) made by adding 8 grains 
 of iodide of potassium, dissolved in 10 or 15 
 minims of water, to 11 grains of the deat- 
 iodide of mercury,, — the properties of which are 
 like those of the iodides of mercury ; the Iodide 
 of Sulphur, (lodure'tum Sulphicris, Sulphuris 
 lo'didum. Sulphur loda'tum,) used externally 
 in cutaneous diseases, (gr. x. to cerate .^j.) and 
 the Iodide of Zinc, (^Zinci lo'didum, Z. loda'- 
 tum,) externally (3J. to lard ,^j.); the Iodide of 
 Ammonium, {lo'didum, see lodure' turn Am- 
 m-onice, Hydriodate of ATmnonia, used in lepra, 
 psoriasis, &c,, in the form of ointment, 0j — 
 J^j ad adipis ,^j;) and the iodide of Arsenic, 
 (Arsen'ici /o'^^s^am^) given internally in similar 
 affections, gr. 1-lOth tiiree times a day; or used 
 externally, (gr. iij ad adipis gj.) 
 
 lODINIA, see Iodine. 
 
 lODINIUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODINUM, Iodine. 
 
 lODISH, see Iodine-. 
 
 lODIUM, Iodine. 
 
 I'ODOFORM, lodofor'ma, (F.) lodoforme, 
 so called from its analogy to chloroform. It 
 is obtained by the reaction on each other of io- 
 dine, bicarbonate of potassa, water and alcohol. 
 
 It is in crystalline plates of a beautiful citrine 
 colour; and may be given in Ihe same cases as 
 the other preparations of iodine. Dose, one 
 grain three times a day. 
 
 IODOHYDrARGYRATE of POTAS- 
 SIUM, see Iodine. 
 
 lODOSIS, see Iodine. 
 
 lODDM, Iodine. 
 
 lODURETUM AMMGNIiE, see Iodine— i. 
 Amyli, see Iodine— ^i. Sulphuris, see Iodine. 
 
 lODYMUS, Dicephalus. . 
 
 ION, Viola. 
 
 IONIA, Teucrium chamaspitys. 
 
 lONID'IUM MARCUCGl, Cinchunchulli^ 
 a South American plant. Sex. 'Syst. Pentan- 
 dria Monogynia; Nat.Ord. Violariae; said to be 
 extremely efficacious in the Mai de San Lazarc 
 of Columbia. 
 
 IONIUM^ Iodine. 
 
 lONTA, see Excretion. 
 , lON'THUS, Varus, Violet Eriiption, from /at, 
 'the violet,' and awSof, 'a floVer,' or ovit;, 'foul- 
 ness.' An- unsuppurative, tubercular tumour ; 
 stationary; chiefly on the face. A genus in the 
 class Hamatica,- Older Phlogotica of Good. 
 
 loNTfius Cop-YMEIFJBB, Gutta rosea-^i. Varus, 
 
 lOWUM, Iodine. ■ 
 
 lOTAGIS'MUS, from the Greek letter Iota. 
 Defective articulation, — the patient not being 
 able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft. 
 
 IPECAC, Apocynum androsasmifolium. Eu- 
 phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata} Ipecacuan- 
 ha,, Triosteum. 
 
 IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance, 
 often abridged to Ipecac. The pharmacopceial 
 name of the Cephm'lis ipecacuan'ha, Calli- 
 coc'ca ipecacuan'ha, Cjzgosanga, Ipehaeuari'ha 
 root, IpecacuaTi! hcB radix, Radix Brazilien'ais. 
 Nat. Ord. Cinchonaceffi. It is also obtained 
 from the Psycho'tria emet'ica of Peru. The 
 odour of the root — Ipecar.iiank'a, (Ph. U. S. ) — 
 is faint. and peculiar ; taste bitter, subacrid and 
 mucilaginous; both water and alcohol extract 
 its virtues, which depend on a peculiar princi- 
 ple, called Emtt'ia. It is emetic in large doses; 
 sudorific in smaller. Dose, as an emetic, gr. 
 xx.to XXX, — alone, or united with tartarized an- 
 timony, gr. i to ij. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia corollata — i. Bas- 
 tard, Triosteum perfoliatum — i. Blanc de Pile 
 de France, Asclepias asthmatica — i. Blanc de 
 St. Domingue, Asclepias curassavica — i. of the 
 Isle of France, Cynanchum vomitorium. 
 
 Ipecacuan'ha, White, is obtained from dif-, 
 ferent species of Kichardiionia and lonidiwrn. 
 Vi'ola ipecacuan'ha also affords it. It is weaker 
 than the gray. 
 
 IPO, Upas. 
 
 IPOMCEA JALAP A, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 IRA, Rage; 
 
 IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IRALGIA; Ireal'giai Iridal'gia,- {rom i^it, 
 < the iris,' and aJyu?, ' pain.' Pain in the iris. 
 
 IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi. 
 
 IREALGIA, Iralgia. ' 
 
 IREONCION, Iriancistron. 
 
 IRIANCIS'TRON, hidandst'ron, Ireon'don, 
 from iftK, and ayxi:j-TQir,'a hook.' A hookqd 
 instrument, used by Schlagintweit in the forma- 
 tion of an artificial pupil. 
 
 IRID^E'A EDU'LIS. One of the Algae, eaten 
 in Scotland and the south-west of England. 
 
IRIDALGIA 
 
 471 
 
 IRON 
 
 IRIDALGIA, Iralgia. 
 IRIDANCISTRON, Irianoistron. 
 IRIDAUXE'SIS, from his, /'rtdis.and avSij- 
 (T/s, ' augmentation ;' Staphyh'ma I'ridis, Sta- 
 phylo'ma U'vese, Iridonco'sis, J^ymphon'cus I'ri- 
 dis. Exudation o^ffibrininto the tissueof the iris. 
 IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
 IRIDECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 IRIDENCLEISIS, see Coretomia. 
 IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia. 
 IRIDERE'MIA, from tgn, and tgijins, 'de- 
 prived of;' Irii^ostere'sis. Absence of iris, 
 either apparent or real. 
 
 lEIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis. i 
 
 IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis. 
 
 IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOMAL A CIA, from ij « , ' the iris,' and 
 fiaXaxia, ' softness.' MoUescence or softening 
 of the iris. 
 
 IRipOMELANO'MA, Iridomeldno'sis, from 
 /g(c, 'the iris,' and titlninv, 'to colour black.' 
 The deposition of black matter on the tissue of 
 the iris. ; ' - ' 
 
 IRIDONCO'SIS, Iridon'cus, Hyperonco' sis 
 Iridis, from rjis, 'the iris,' and dyxoi, 'a swell- 
 ing.' TunjefactioH or thickening of the iris. 
 Also, Iridauxesis. 
 
 IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis. 
 
 IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS; from 151s,, 'the 
 iris,' nsQi, 'around,^ and phacitis, inilammation 
 of the lens. Inflammation of the anterior he- 
 misphere of the capsule of the lens. 
 
 IRIDOPTOSIS, Ptosis iridis. 
 
 IRIDOR'RHAGAS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridorrhoic, 
 Iridoschis'mayFissu'ra I'ridis, homiqis, 'iris,' 
 and ^ay^ s, ' & fissure.' Fissure of the iris. 
 
 IKIDORRHOGE, Iridorrh^gas. 
 
 lEIDORRHOX, Iridorjhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSGHISMA, Iridorrhagas. 
 
 IRIDOSTERESIS, Irideremia. 
 
 IRIDOTENCLEISIS, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
 
 IRIDOTROMUS, Hippus. 
 
 IRIS, ipi;. Gramme. So called from its re- 
 sembling the rainbow in variety of colours. A 
 membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior 
 part of the eye, in the midst of the aqueous 
 humour, in which it forms a kind of circular, 
 flat partition. Separating the anterior from the 
 posterior chamber. It is perforated by a circu- 
 lar opening called the pupil, which is constantly 
 varying its dimensions, owing to the varying 
 contractions of the fibres of the iris. Its pos- 
 terior surface has been called uvea, from the 
 thick, black varnish which covers it. The 
 greater circumference of the iris is adherent 
 to'the ciliary processes and circle. It has. an 
 external plane of radiated fibres and an internal 
 one of circular fibres, which serve — the one to 
 dilate, the other to contract the aperture of the 
 pupil. The iris receives the irian nerves. Its 
 arteries are furnished by the long ciliary arte- 
 ries, which form' two circles by their anastomo- 
 ses ; the one very broad, near the great circum- 
 ference; the other, smaller, and seated around 
 the circumference of the pupil. The veins of 
 the iris empty themselves into the Vasa vorti- 
 cqsa, and into the long ciliary veins. The use 
 of the Iris seems to be, — to regulate by its, di- 
 latation or contraction, the quantity of luminous 
 rays necessary for distinct vision. , The diflfer- 
 ent colours of the iris occasion the variety in 
 the colours of the human eye. 
 
 Iris, see Herpes Iris — i. Common, I. Germa- 
 nica — »'. Commun,\. Germanica — i. de Florence, 
 1. Florentina. 
 
 Ikis FlokeNti'na, Florentine iris or orris, 
 (F.) Iris de Florence. The rhizoma of this 
 plant is extremely acrid in its recent state; and, 
 when chewed, excites a pungent hpat in the 
 mouth, that continues for severalhours. When 
 dried, the acrimony i« lost, or nearly so, and 
 the smell is very agreeable. It is indebted to 
 its agreestble flavour for its retention in the 
 pharmacopoeias, although it is ranked as an ex- 
 pectorant. ' I 
 
 Ims FcETiDis'siMA, Spdth'ula fa'tida, Xijris, 
 Stinking iris, (F.) Iris puant^ Glapetil pvant. 
 (The, root has been esteemed antispasmodic' and 
 narcotic. 
 
 Iris German'ioa. The systematic; name of 
 the Flower-de-Znice, Iris nostras', Aier'sc^ Iris 
 vnlga.'ris, Common iris or orris, G-ladi'olus C'es- 
 ru'hus, (F.) Iris commun, Flamle. The fresh 
 roots have a disagreeable siiiell and an acrid, 
 nauseous taste. They are powerfully cathar- 
 ticj'and are given in dropsies, where such reme- 
 dies- are indicated. 
 
 IRIS DBS MARAIS, I, pseudacorus— i. 
 Nostras, I. Germanica — ^i. Palustris, I. pseu- 
 dacorus. 
 
 Iris .PsETJDAc'oRxis. The systematic , name 
 of the Yellow water-flag. Iris palus'tris, Oladi'- 
 plus lu't&us, Ac'orus vulg^'ris, Act'orus adul- 
 teri'mts, Fseudac'orus, Bu'tomon, Ac'orus pa- 
 lus'tris, (F.) Iris des marais. Faux acore, 
 Flamhe b&tarif. Adore bdtard. The root has 
 an acrid, styjptic taste. It is an errhine, sialo- 
 gogue, and acrid astringent. The expressed 
 juice is diuretic, and said to be a useful appli- 
 cation to serpiginous and other cutaneous affec- 
 tions. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed, it is 
 said to cure toothache. , 
 ■ IRISt PUANT, I. foetidissima— i. Stinking, 
 I. fostidissima. 
 
 Ikis Versicolor, Bluf flag. The rhizoma 
 of this is an active cathartic, and has been much 
 used, as such, by the American, Indians. It is 
 reputed to be diuretic. 
 
 Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica. 
 IRISITiS, Iritis. 
 
 IRI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris,lnflamma'- 
 tio I'ridis, Irisi'ti^. The chief symptoms are; 
 — ^^change in the cplour qf the iris ; fibres less 
 movable; tooth-like processes shooting into the 
 pupil; pupil irregularly contracted, with the 
 ordinary sighs of inflammation of tlie eye. If 
 the inflammation do not yield, suppuration takes 
 place; and, although the matter may be ab- 
 sorbed, the iris remains immovable. .It is often 
 caused by syphilis. The general principles of 
 treatment are, to deplete largely and exhibit 
 mercury freely; along with attention to other 
 means advisable in ophthalmia. The free use 
 of quinia is sometimes serviceable. AVhen the ■ 
 inflammation is seated in the serous covering 
 of the iris, it is termed Iritis serosa. 
 
 IRON, Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Ferri acetas — 
 i. Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum — i. Am- 
 monio-citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras — i. 
 Ammonio-chloride of, Ferrum ammoniatum — i. 
 Ammonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras — 
 i. and Ammonia,citrateof,Ferri ammonio-citras 
 — i. Bromide of, see Bromine — i. Carbonate of, 
 saccharine, Ferri proto-carbonas — i. Carburet 
 of. Graphites — i. Black oxide of, Oxydum ferri 
 
IRREDUCIBLE 
 
 472 
 
 ISCHIATIC 
 
 nigrum-^i. Citrate of, Ferri citras — i. Ferto- 
 cjanuret of, Prussian- blue — i. Ferroprussiate 
 of, Prussian blue — i. Filings, purified,. Ferri 
 limatura purificata^ — i. Hydrated oxide of, Fer- 
 rum oxydatum hydtatum — i. Hydrated peroxide 
 of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratura — i, Hydrated 
 tritoxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratura — i. ' 
 Hydriodate of, Ferri iodidum — i. Hydro-oxide 
 of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Iodide of, 
 see Iodine— i. loidide of, Ferri iodidum — i.Iodu- 
 ret of, Ferri iodidum — i. Lactate of, Ferri lac- 
 tas — i. Liquor, Ferri. acetas — i. Peroxide of, 
 Ferri subcarbonas — i. Phosphate of,Ferri phos- 
 phas — i. Pills of, compound, Pilulse ferri com- 
 positae — i. Protocar})onate of, Ferri protocar- 
 bonas — i. Protoxide of, lactate of, P'erri lac- 
 tas — i. Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum — i- and 
 -Quinia, citrate Of, Ferri et Quiniae citras— i. 
 Sesquinitrate of. Solution of, see Tinctura ferri 
 murial-is— i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri subcarbonas 
 — il Sulphate of, Ferri sulphas — i. Sulphui'et.of, 
 Ferri sulphuretum^. Tartarized, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum — i.Trito-hydro-ferrocyanateof, Prus- 
 sian blue — i. and Potass, tartrate of, Ferrum 
 tartarizatum. 
 
 IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irreducible. An epi- 
 thet given to fractures, luxations, herr^iae, &c., 
 when they cannot be reduced. ' ■ 
 
 XKK£i>i7C/Bii\ Irreducible. 
 
 IRRECDLAR, Irregula'ris, Anom'alous; 
 from im, ' privative,' unA regitla, 'a rule.' A 
 term chiefly applied to the types of a disease; 
 and, also, to tiie pulse, when its beats are sepa- 
 rated by unequal intervals. 
 
 IRREPTIO, Attack. 
 
 IRRIGATION, i/r);%-a'tio, -Emhroca'tid, Ir- 
 rora'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening.' 
 The methodical application of water to an af- 
 fected part, to keep it constantly wet. ■ 
 
 IRRITABILITAS, Irritability-ji. Morbosi^ 
 see Subsultus . tendinum — i. VesicEe, Cystere- 
 thismus. 
 
 IRRITABILITY, IrHtahU'itas, frorn irrito, 
 (iji, 'privative,' arid ritus,' the usual manner,') 
 (?) * I provoke.' Vis irritalilita'tis. Vis Vitm, 
 Vis iv.'sita of Haller, Vis, vita'Ks', of Gorter, 
 Oseilla'tio of Boerhaave, Tonic, power of Stahl, 
 Vita pro'pria, Inherent qjower, Contraciil'ity , 
 Exoitahil'itii,Iii.citahil'ity,he. , A power, pos- 
 sessed by all living, organized bodies, of being 
 acted upon by certain stimuli, and of moving 
 responsive to stimulation. It is the ultimate 
 vital property. 
 
 IR'RITABLE, /mteJ-iYw. That which is 
 endowed with itritability. Every living orgs^- 
 nized tissue is irritable; th'at is, capable of feel- 
 ing an appropriate stimulus, and of moving re- 
 sponsive to such stimulus. Irritable is often 
 ussd in the same sense as impressible, as when 
 we speak of an irritable psrsoii, or habit, or 
 temper. This last condition has been variously 
 termed — 'VebiUtas uerio'sa, D. Ercihi-'^'ica,IIy~ 
 perdue' sia ii.ervo'sa, Nenra.stheiii'a. Neurosthe- 
 ni'a, Seiisibi/'itas aitom ala, iS. JHorbo'sa, S, 
 ancta, 
 
 IRRITAMEN, Irritant, Stimulus. 
 
 IRRITAMENTUM, Erethism, Irritant, Sti- 
 mulus — i. Metallicum, Galvanism. 
 
 IR'RTTANT, T^-rl'tnJis, Irrita'mev, Irrita- 
 meiitiim. That which causes irritation or pain, 
 heat and tension; either menlianicnlly, as punc 
 tures, acupuncture, or scarification 
 
 as the alkalies, acids, &c.; or in a specific man- 
 ner, as cantharides, &c. 
 Irritants are of great use in the^treatment of 
 
 diS€3.S6 ' I 
 
 IRRITATING POISON, see Poison. 
 
 IRRITATlb, Erethism, Gargale, Irritation. 
 
 IRRIT A'TION, Irrita'tio, Brethis'mus. The 
 slate of a tissue or organ, in Which there is ex- 
 cess of vital movement; commonly manifested, 
 by increase of the circulation and sensibility. 
 Broussais defines ^irritation to be ; — the eojtidi- 
 tion of an organ, the' excitation of which is 
 carried to so high a degree, that the equilibrium 
 resulting from the 'balance Of all the functions 
 is broken. In this signification,, he also uses 
 the word sar-irritation^vi^ach he considered as 
 a, higher degree, and as the essential cailse of fe- 
 ver. Irritation is the precursor of inflammation. 
 
 IreIta'tion, Morbid, Constitu'tional irri- 
 tation, is that excitement which , occurs after 
 injuries done to the body, or to any part there- 
 of ;^constituting cases of diseased sympathy. 
 
 IRRORATIO, iWigation. 
 
 IS, Fibre. 
 
 ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Wood, Pastel. A 
 European plant, whose leaves have a fugitive 
 pungent smell, and an acrid durable taste. 
 They are not used, however, in medicine at the 
 present day; but are the source of the dye-Stufl', 
 vidad. ' 
 
 ISCA, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 ISCHiE'MIA, from irr^oi, 'I retain,' and'oiiia, 
 'blood .'' Morbid retention or suppression of an 
 habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or 
 menstrual flux or of epistaxis. See Haematos- 
 tatica. • 
 
 ISCH.ifl'MON, Is'chce'mum, Sanie etymon. 
 A inedicine which restrains or stops bleeding. 
 
 IS'C.HESIS, from mxin; 'to retain/ Sup- 
 pression or retention of a discharge or secretion. 
 
 ISCHIA, MINERAL WATERS OF- In 
 this volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there 
 are several thermal waters, one of which — that 
 of Gurgitello^raises the thermometer of Fahr; 
 to 16?-. 
 
 ISCHIACUS, Ischiatic. 
 
 ISCHIADICUS MORBUS, Neuralgia femo- 
 ropoplitaea-:— i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve'. ' 
 
 ISCHIADOCELE, Ischiocele. 
 
 ISCHIAGRA, Is'chias, Ischialgia, from 
 in^/ot, ■' the haunch,,' and uyju, ' a seizure.' A 
 name given to ischiatic gout. Fenu>ro-poplite&l 
 neuralgia has, also, been so called. , . , 
 
 ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra— i. Neuralgia fe- 
 moro-poplitaaa. ' 
 
 ISCHIAS, Ischiagra^i. Nervosa Antica, 
 Neuralgiafemoro-pretibialis — i.NervosaCotun- 
 nii, Neuralgia femoro-poplitiea — i. Nervosa di- 
 gitalis, Neural,'5ia cubito-digitalis — i. Nervosa 
 postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplit£pa^ — i. a ^par- 
 ganosi, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 ISCHIAT'lC, hchiad'ic, hehiat'icHS, Is- 
 chiad'icns, Isehiacii.s, Scj,at'ir,irom («/iui, ' the 
 haunch;' wh&nce the word Sciatic. An epithet 
 given to parts connected with the ischium. The 
 Sciatic Notches, (F.) fchaimrnres IsrUa- 
 tl'jnes, are formed by this bone; the Isoiuatio 
 Spine belongs to it, and gives attachment to the 
 small sacrosciatic ligament. The TiiberOs iTy 
 OF THi? Ischium, Os xedevta'riiim, Tuber Is'chii, 
 (F.) r«4e™«(e .!'»«</>«, is formed by it. It 
 receives the insertions of different muscles of 
 
ISCHIATICUS 
 
 473 
 
 ISCHOMENIA 
 
 the thi^h, and forms the projection on which 
 the hody rests when seated. 
 
 IscHi ATio Akt^tly, Sciat'ic Ar'iery,(f.)Artire 
 Femoro-Poplitee (Gh.) arises singly from the hy- 
 pogastric, or with the gluteal ; and seems to be 
 really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo- 
 gastric. It issues from the pelvis, at the lower 
 part of the great sciatic notch; andj afterwards, 
 divides into a oonsiderahle number of branches, 
 which are distributed particularly to the poste- 
 rior, and superior region of the thighV 
 
 IscHi ATic Region, Sciat'ic region ; Regio is- 
 chiad'ica. The region of the hip. 
 
 IscHiATic Vein presents the same arrange- 
 ment. 
 ISCHIATICUS, Sciatic. . 
 ISCHIATOCELE. Ischiocele. 
 ISCHIDRO'SIS.jSKiZo'rij suppres'sio, Oligid'- 
 ria, from toxw, « I restrain,' and 'lijws, ' sweat.' 
 Suppression of perspiration. 
 
 lSCBl(iBLEN'mA,Ischob!en'nia,fTomiaxw, 
 ' I restrain,' and ^Xswa, ' mucus.' The sup- 
 pression of a morbid but habitual discharge of 
 mucus. 
 
 ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS. Belonging to the 
 ischium and corpus cavernosum. 
 , Ischio-Cavbrnosus muscle, Collatera'lis, Vi- 
 redtoT penis y Mrei^tor penis, Sustentaftor Penis, 
 hchio-ure'thral (Ch.) is a small, long, flat mus- 
 cle, which surrounds the origin of the corpus 
 cavernosum. It is fixed below to the inner side 
 of the tuberosity of the ischium, and- above to 
 the root of the penis, where it , is confounded 
 with the fibrous membrane of the corpus caver- 
 nosum. It draws the' root of the penis down- 
 wards and backvrards. 
 
 IscHio-CATEEHOstJS of the female. Erector^ 
 flitor'idis, Sustentaftor ^litvr'idis, Superior ro- 
 tun'dus 'clitor'idis, (F.) Jsehio-clitoridien, Js- 
 chio sons-clitorien, (Ch.), is arranged nearly as 
 in the male, but is less bulky. It arises, by apo- 
 neurosis, from the tuberosity of the ischium, 
 and terminates by embraiiing the corpus caver- 
 nosum of the clitoris, to the erection of vvhich 
 it appears to contribute. 
 
 ISCHIOCE'LE, Ischialoce'li, Ischiadoce'li, 
 Hernia ischia'ticaj from kt/iot, 'the ischium,' 
 and xifXr], ' tumour.^ hchiatie hernia. One'in 
 which the viscera issue by the great sciatic 
 notch. It is a rare disease. The protruded 
 parts must be Teduced^-the patient being placed 
 in a favourable position, and they must be re- 
 tained by a bandage. 
 
 ISCHIO-CLITORIA'NUS. That which is 
 connected with the ischium and clitoris. 
 
 Ischio-Clij?o'rian AS.TEEY of Chaussicr is a 
 division of the internal. pudic, which furnishes 
 the two arteries of the clitoris— the superficial 
 and deep-seated. 
 
 Ischio-Clitokian Nerve, of the same pro- 
 fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve, 
 which is distributed to the clitoris. 
 
 ISCHIO-CLITORID lEN, Ischio-cavernous 
 — i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus — i. Crhi-tibial, 
 Semi-tendinosus — i. f emoralis. Adductor mag- 
 Dus — i. Femoro-peronier, Biceps flexor cruris 
 — i. Pirineal, Transversus perinaei— i. FopUti- 
 fimoral, Semi-membranosus^. popliti-tibial, 
 Semi-membranosus — i. Pretibial, Semi-tendi- 
 nosus — i. Sous-Clitorien, Ischio-cavernosus — 
 «'. Sous-trochanterien, Quadratus femoris — i. 
 Spini-trorhanterien, Ischio-trochanterianus — rj. 
 Vrkhral, Ischio-cavernosus . 
 31 
 
 IS'CHION, Ischium, Os ischii, Os doxen'dieis, 
 Hip bone. Seat bone, (F.) Os de I'as'siette. The 
 lowermost of the three portions which compose 
 the oS innominatum in the foetus and young in- 
 dividual. The inferior region of the same bone 
 has, also, been called ischium^ in the adult. 
 According to Hesychius, the ancients designated 
 by the word ischion, the capsular ligament of 
 the coxo-femoral articulatiop, as well as the 
 articulation itself. Spme derive the word from 
 (o;fis,. the lumbar region; others from the verb 
 tffjfw, 'I arrest,* ' I retain;' — because that bone 
 serves as a base or support for the trunk, when 
 we are seated. 
 
 Ischion, Haunch. 
 
 ISCHIOP'AGES, from Ischion, and Ttayia, ' I 
 fasten.' A monstrous union of two foetuses, in 
 which they are attached to each other by the 
 ischia; — Geoffrey St. Hilaire. See Hypogas- 
 trodid^mus. 
 
 ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS, Tabes coxa'na. Phthisis 
 ischiad'ica, fiomia;[iov, 'isc\dvLm,' &ai phthisis. 
 Phthisis in consequence of suppuration of the 
 hip joint, 
 
 ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS. Winslow, Sanc- 
 torini, Albinus, and Sommering, have given 
 this name to the fibres of the transversus peri- 
 naei muscle, which go towards the prostate. 
 
 ISCHIO-RECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa. 
 
 ISCHIQSIS, Neuralgia femoro poplitaja. 
 
 ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIA'NUS, GemVnij 
 Geimel'li. Part of the Marsupia'lis of Cowper; 
 Car'neum Marsu'pi^imf iscJiio-spini-trochante- 
 rien, Secwm/dus ei ter'tins quadrigeminus, (F.) 
 Muscle cannele, .Accessoire a I'obturateur in- 
 terne. Two small, fleshy bundles, long and 
 flat,' which arise, — the superior on the Outside 
 of the sciatic spine; Ae inferior behind the 
 tuberosity of the ischium. Both pass horizon- 
 tally outwards, and are attached to the tendon 
 of the obturator internus, 'which they accom- 
 pany iiito the fossa of the trochanter. These 
 muscles are rotators of the lower limb outwards. 
 They can, also, turn the pelvis on the femur, in 
 standing on one foot. 
 
 ISCHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs, which are in Upper Austria, contain 
 iodine and bromine. 
 
 ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from lax^os, 'slender,' 
 and ^iwvri, 'voice.' Slenderness of voice. — 
 Hippocrates, Galen. 
 
 ISCHNOTES,'Emaciation. , 
 
 ISCHO, laxa, 'I keepback,^ '1 restrain,' 'I 
 hold firm.' Hence : 
 
 ISCHOBLENNTA, Ischioblennia. 
 
 ISCHOCENO'SIS, from laxm, ' I arrest,' and 
 xivmaig, ' evacuation.' Retention or suppression 
 of a natural evacuation — as of the menses. 
 
 ISCHOCHOL'IA, from laxm, ' I arrest,' and 
 X"^^} 'bile.' Reten'tio bilis. Retention or 
 suppression of the biliary secretion. 
 
 ISCHOCOILIA, Constipation. 
 ISCHOCOPRIA, Constipation. 
 ;iSCHOGALAC'TIA, Reten'tia lactis, from 
 iBxa, and yala, ' milk.' Want of milk in the 
 mammEB. 
 
 . ISCHOLO'CHIA,or Iseholochi'a,Lochios'cke- 
 sis, Suppres^sio lochio'rum, from 10x0, ' I re- 
 strain,' and loxiia, 'the lochial discharge.' 
 Reten'tio lochio'ntm. Suppression of the lochial 
 discharge. 
 ISCHOMENIA, Amenorrhoea. 
 
ISCHONEURALGIA 
 
 474 
 
 ITEA 
 
 ISCHONEURALGIA,Neuralgiafemoro-p6p- 
 
 ISCHOPHONIA, Balbuties.- 
 
 ISCHOSPER'MIA, from iax<a, 'I retain,' 
 and (fjrifiua, ' sperm.' Sem'inis reten'tio. Re- 
 tention or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
 
 ISCHURET'IC, Iseh^ret'icum. Same etymon 
 as the next. A medicine for relieving suppres- 
 sion of urine. A diuretic. 
 
 ISCHU'RIA, TJri'nx siippres'sio. Stoppage of 
 uriTie^ Suppres'sio lo'tii^ JParu'riq retentio'nis ; 
 froni Ki;rio, 'I arrest',' 'I retain,' and ougw, 
 ' urine.' Impossibility of dischaigihg the urine.' 
 Generally restricted to suppression of the se- 
 cretion, or to renal Ischuria or Anu'ria, Anu- 
 re'sis, ' ^ . - ^ 
 
 Ischuria Vera is that in which the urine 
 ha^^ing accumulated in the bladder, the patient 
 is unable to pass it, notwithstanding the incli- 
 nation which constantly distresses him. In 
 False ischuria, Paru'ria inops, Paru'ria re- 
 tentio'nis rend lis. Ischuria notha seu spu'ria, 
 of some, (F.) ,Suppression d'TTrine, owing to 
 some disease of the kidney or uterus, the urine 
 cannot reach the bladder. 
 
 Ischuria has likewise xeceived various other 
 names, according to the seat and character Of 
 the obstacle vvhich opposes the exit of the urine : 
 hence the expressions-^Keraa/, Ureteric, Vesical, 
 TJrethral, and Calculous Ischuria. Vesical Ischu- 
 ria is synonymous with Retention of urine, 
 which see. . • 
 
 Ischuria Ctsto-fhleSmatioa, Cystirrhosa 
 — i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus — i. Spasmodica, 
 CystospasmUs-i-i. Spuria, see Ischuria — i. tJre- 
 thralis a phimosi, see Phimosicus — i. Vera, see 
 Ischuria — i. Vesicalis, Retention ofvurine. 
 
 ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla. ■ 
 
 ISIR, Elixir. 
 
 ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral. 
 
 ISLE OF WIGHT, CLIMATE OF. This 
 beautiful island is a favourable summer retreat 
 for invalids. Undercliff is the situation chosen 
 as a winter residence for phthisical valetudina- 
 rians. Cowes, Niton,. Sandown, Shanklin, arid 
 Ryde, are delightful summer residences. 
 
 iSOCH'RONOUS, Isoch'ronus, IsochronJius, 
 Isod'rom,us,txoW: lanq, ' equal,' ;i;jovos, 'tinae.' 
 That which takes place in the same time, or in 
 equal times. The pulsations of the arteries, in 
 various parts pf the body, are nearly isochro- 
 nous. 
 
 ISOCH'RYSON, A.uro cojiipar; from lOo?, 
 'equal,' and ;fgu(ios,„'gold.' A coUyrium, de- 
 scribed\by Galen as worth its weight in gold. 
 Libavius has also given this name to an amal- 
 gam, made with equal parts of antimony and 
 mercury. ' _, 
 
 ISOC'RATESi from vrai, 'equal,' and xs^av- 
 rum, ' I mix.? A mixture of equal parts of wine 
 and water. — Hippocrates. 
 
 ISODROMUS, Isochronous. 
 
 ISOLUSINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 ISOM'ERIC, Isomer'itus, Isomi'erus, Isoma'- 
 rus, Isem'orus, frbm iffof, 'equal,' and ii.t%as, 
 ' part.' An epithet applied to different bodies 
 which agree in composition, but differ in pro- 
 perties. The condition is termed Isom'erism. 
 
 ISOMERISM, see Isomeric. 
 
 ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous. 
 
 ISOMORTHOUS, Isomor'phus, Isomor'phi- 
 cus, from icro?, 'equal,' and fioQfii, 'form.' 
 An epithet applied to different bodies which 
 
 have the same crystalline form. . The condi- 
 tion is called Isomorphism. 
 
 ISOPATHI'A, ftom lo-og,' equal,' and »ra6os, 
 'disease.' This term has been used by some 
 of the German writers to signify the cure of 
 diseases by the disease itself, or its products; — 
 under the hypothesisj that every contagious dis* 
 ease contains in its contagious matter the 
 means for its cure ; — thus, that variola may be 
 cure^ by homoeopathic doses of variolous mat- 
 ter'; syphilis; With venereafl matter, ,&c., &c. 
 
 Isopathia has been used by an American 
 writer — Dr, J. M.B. Harden,"' of Georgia, — to 
 mean " Parallelism> of Diseases ; ". " the dis- 
 position of diseases to 'anastomose with' each 
 other,' or to wear each other's livery." 
 
 ISSUE, Fonticulus— i. Peas, Aurantiia cu- 
 rassaventia, see Fonticulus^ 
 
 ISTHME DU GOSIEB, Isthmus of the 
 fauc'es. 
 
 ISTHMION,' Isthmus, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMI'TIS, Inflammd'tio Fau'eiiim,!. pa- 
 I'A'ti, Angi'na simplex, Cynan'che simplex, ^n- 
 gi'na mifis, A. fauHum, Angor fau' ciwm, (F.) 
 Angine simple. Inflammation of the fauces. 
 See Cynanche pharyngea, and Angina. 
 
 ISTHMOCATAR'RHUSs from <o-e^oc, 'the 
 fauces,' apd xt-Tn^gfiag, 'catarrh.' Catarrh of 
 the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMODYN'IA, from ,<r^piot, ' the fauces,' 
 and o9ui>», ' pain.' Pain in the fauces. 
 
 ISTHMOPLE'GIA; from icr«^o«,' the 
 fauces,' and nXtiyn, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of 
 the fauces. , 
 
 ISTHMOS, Pharynx. 
 
 ISTHMOTYPHUS, Cynanche maligna. 
 
 ISTHMUS, Isth'miort. A tongue of land 
 jpining a peninsula "to a continent, or which 
 separates^two seas. Anatomfists have given the 
 name Fauces, Isthmus of the Fauces, Isthmus 
 Fau'duim, Glaustrwm Gut'tmris, (F.) Isthme, du 
 gosier, fo the strait which separates the mouth 
 from the pharynx. It is forrned above by the 
 velum palati and uvula; at the sides, by the 
 pilla'rs of the faiices and the tonsils ; and below, 
 by the base of the tongue. '. 
 
 Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis; Isthmus 
 Viiusseinii, Striga cartilagino'-sa cordis, is the 
 prominent arch formed ubove the fossa ovalis 
 by the union of the two pillais which bound 
 the cavity. 
 
 Isthmus of the Thyiioid Gland is a narrow 
 band that unites the two chief lobules composing 
 the thyroid gland. 
 
 IsTHiKus Hepatis, .see Lobulus.-anonymus — 
 i. Urethrte, see Urethra — i. Vieussenii, Isthmus 
 of the fossa ovalis — i. Vieusgenii, see Ovalis 
 
 UALICUS MORBUS, Syphilis. 
 
 ITCH, Psora— i. Bakers', see Psoriasis-^i. 
 Barbers', Sycosis— ^i. Grocers', see Psoriaeis- 
 i. Weed, Veratrum viride. 
 
 ITCHING, Farap'sis pruri'tus, Aw'talgia 
 prurigino'sa, Pruri'tus, Pruri'go, Cmesmos, 
 Cnesma, (,F.) Pritrit, Demmigvmsan. A sen- 
 sation, more inconvenient than painful; seated 
 especially at the surface of the body, and 
 which provokes the patient to scratch the part. 
 It may be either an external or an internal sen- 
 sation; that is, produced by ap external body, 
 or by some 'modification in the organic actions 
 of the part to which it is referred. 
 
 ITEA, Salix. 
 
ITER DENTIS 
 
 475 
 
 JATBOPHA CURCAS 
 
 ITER DENTIS, see Gubernaculum dentis— 
 i. Femineum, Perinaeum — i. ad Infiindibulum, 
 Vulva — i. a Falato ad Auiem, Eustachian tube 
 — i. ad Quartum ventriculum, AqUseductus Syl- 
 vii — i. ad Tertium ventriculum, Vulva — i. Uri- 
 nffi. Urethra — i. Urinajrium, Urethra. , 
 
 ITHYPHAL'LUS, from laus, ' straight,' and 
 9a^>.iit, ' penis.' An amulet, in the form of a 
 penis, anciently worn rouiid the neck, to which 
 were attributed alexiterial properties. 
 
 ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director. 
 
 ITIS; from /wf, ' bold,' ' rash,' A suffix de- 
 noting inflammation ;— as encephahViV, inflam-* 
 rnation of the encephalonj — Pleuritic, inflam- 
 mation of the pleura. 
 
 IVA, Teucriuin iva^. Arthritica, Teucrium 
 chamaepitys — i. Moschata Monspeliensium, 
 Teucrium iva — i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 IVETTB iyrUSQXJEE, Teucrium iva— t. 
 Petite, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
 
 IVOIRE, Ivory. 
 
 IVORY; Ehur, El'epkas, (F.) Ivoire. The 
 tusk of the elephant. It is chiefly composed 
 
 of phosphate of lime, and is used for the fabri- , 
 cation of pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of 
 instruments, &c. Formerly, it entered into 
 some pharmaceutical preparations, when cal- 
 cihed to whiteness. It was regarded as astrin- 
 gent and anthelmintic, and was called iSi;;o- 
 dium. 
 
 IVRESSE, TemuUntia. 
 
 IVY, Hedera helix, Kalmia angustifolia — i. 
 ?ig, Kalmia latifolia — i. Ground, Glecoma he- 
 deraeea. 
 
 IXIA, Varix, Viscum album. 
 
 IXINE, Atractylus gummifera. 
 
 IXIR, Elixir. 
 
 IXOS, Viscum album. 
 
 IXUS, Gralium aparine. 
 
 IXYQMYELI'TIS; from .li/f, 'the lumbar 
 region,' lunkos, ' i;nartow,''and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the spinal mar- 
 row in the lumbar region. '. 
 
 IXYS, Ix'ya, la^ye. Used by different au- 
 thors for the ilia, flanks, and toiijis; most fre- 
 quently for the last. — Hippocrates. 
 
 J. 
 
 J.ilBOT, InglTivies. ' 
 
 JAOA INDICA, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 JACEA, Viola Tricolor — j. Ramosissima, 
 Centaurea calciti;apa. ' 
 
 JACENS, Sick. 
 
 JACK IN THE HEDGE, AUiaria. 
 
 JACKSON'S BATHING SPIRITS, Lini- 
 mentum saponis compositum. 
 
 JACOB^A, Senecio Jacobii. 
 
 JACOB&E, Senecio Jacobsea. 
 
 JACOBSON'S ANASTOMQSIS, see Petro- 
 sal ganglion. 
 
 JACTA'TION, Jactita'tion, JactaHio, Jac- 
 taftusy Rkiptas'mos, Jactita'tio^, from jactare, 
 'to toss about.' Extreme anxiety; excessive 
 restlessness ; — a syniptom observe4 in serious 
 
 JACTITATIO, Inquietude. - 
 
 iTADE NiPHRlTE. ou ORIENTALE, 
 Nephreticus lapis. 
 
 JAGRE, see Tari. 
 
 JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de- 
 !Candra--j, Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra — 
 j. Wild, Convolvulus pahduratus. 
 
 JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
 
 JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa— j. Alba, 
 Convolvulus mechoacan. 
 
 JALEYRAC, MINERAL WAFERS OF. 
 These vvaters are situ^e two leagues from 
 Mauriac in France, off the road from Clermont 
 in Auvergne. The waters contain lime and 
 carbonate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, 
 aperient, &c. 
 
 JAMAICA, see West Indies — j. Bark tree, 
 Bursera gummifera. 
 
 JAMAICINE, see GeoiTraBa inermis. 
 
 JAMBES BE BARBADE, see Elephan- 
 tiasis— _;. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 JAMBIER, Tibial— y. Antirieur, Tibialis 
 anticus— j'. Grile, Plantar muscle— 7'. Paste- 
 neur, Tibialis posticus. 
 
 JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see Ana- 
 leptica. •'■ 
 
 JAMESTOWN WEED, Datura stramonium. 
 
 JANAMTTNDA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 JANITOR, Pylorus. 
 
 JANITRIX, Porta vena. 
 
 JANON-TARENTISME, Taraatismus. 
 
 JANUS, Dicephalus. 
 
 JAXiUIER, Artocarpus. 
 
 JARRET, Poples. , 
 
 jr4KSETXBiJ,PopUtaeu3 muscle. 
 
 JARRETlkRE (F.), Peris'celis, a garter, 
 from garetum or garretwm, in lovf Latin, the 
 ham. A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which 
 occupies the part of the leg where the garter is 
 worn. > 
 
 JASMIl^, Jasminum officinale. 
 
 JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabnm. 
 
 Jasmi'nttm Officina'le, Jasminum, Jesemi'- 
 niim,; the Jes'samine, (F.) Jasmin. The flowers 
 of this beautiful plant have a very fragrant 
 smell, and a bitter tjiste. They affisrd, by dis- 
 tillation, .an ^essential oil ; which is much es- 
 teemed in Italy, for rubbing paralytic limbs, 
 and in the cure of rheumatic pains. 
 
 JASPER, Jaspis. 
 
 JASPIS, Jasper. A precious stone, supposed' 
 T)y the ancient-s to be capable of arresting he- 
 morrhage when worn as an amulet. 
 
 JAT'ROPHA CURCAS, Ric"iniis majors 
 RiciTuft'des, Pi'neus purgans, Pinho'nes In' did,. 
 Faha catkar'tica, Avella'na cathar'tiea, IV-nx ca- 
 thar'tiea America'na, Nux Barbaden'sis; Pky~ 
 sic If lit. (F.) PigTion d'Inde, Medicinier eathar- 
 tique. Grand haricot de Perou, Pignon de Bar- 
 barie, iToix caihartique, N. Am.enc'aine ou des 
 Barbades. Nat. Order, Euphorbiaceae. The- 
 seeds of this plant afford a quantityof oil, given,, 
 in many places, like the castor oil ; to which, 
 indeed, it is nearly allied. They contain a pe- 
 culiar acid, the Jatrophic or Igasuric, 
 
JAUNDICE 
 
 476 
 
 JUGLANS CINEREA 
 
 The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called 
 Furging Nuts, and give out a similar oil. 
 
 Jatropha Elastioa, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 Jatropha Man'ihoTj Jdm/ifha Man'ihot. 
 The plant affording the Cassa'da or Cassa'va 
 Root, Caca'vi, Cassa've,Caza'bi, Pain de Ma- 
 dagascar, 'Ric"inus minor, 'Man'ioc, Magnoc, 
 Maniot, Yucca, Maniibar, Aipi, Aipima coxera,' 
 Aifipoca, Janifha. TJbie juice of the root is 
 extremely acrid and poisonous. What remains, 
 after expressing it, is made into cakes or nieal ; 
 of which the cassada or cassava bread is formed. 
 This bread constitutes a principal food of the 
 inhabitants of those parts where it grows. 
 
 The fecula of the root forms Tapioca, Cipipa, 
 Fec'ula Tapio'ka, which is very nutritious. 
 
 A factitious Tapioca is met with in the shops, 
 which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains, 
 and is supposed to be prepared from potato 
 starch. It is sold under the name pearl tapioca. 
 
 JAUNDICE, Icterus— j. Black, Melaena— j. 
 Red, Phenigmus. 
 
 JAUNE, Yellow— j. d'OEuf, see Ovum. 
 
 J^UNESSE, Icterus. 
 
 JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 JEAN-DE-GLAINES,. ST., MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. These waters are situate two 
 leagues from Billom in Auvergne. They con- 
 tain chloride of calcium, and carbonate of mag- 
 nesia; dissolved in an excess of carbonic acid. 
 
 JECINUS, Liver. 
 
 JECORARIA, Marchantia'polymorphia. 
 
 JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic. 
 
 JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis. 
 
 JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by VanHel- 
 raont for a species of epilepsy or convulsion. 
 
 JECUR, Liver — ^j. Uterinum, Placenta. 
 
 JEFFERSO'NIA BARTOm,CommonTwin- 
 leaf. Yellow root. Helmet pod. Ground Squirrel 
 Pea. An ' indigenous plant, belonging to Nat. 
 Ord. Berberideas, Sea;. Sy«t, Octahdria Mono- 
 gynia; which possesses medical properties ana- 
 logous to those of hydrastis. 
 
 JEJUNITAS, Hunger. , 
 
 JE JUNI'TIS ; a term of hybrid formation, — 
 from Jejunum, 'the intestine jejunum,' and 
 itis, a suffix denoting inflammation! Inflamma- 
 tion of the jejunum. 
 
 JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting. 
 
 JE JU'NUM, tiomjejunus, ' empty ;' Nestis, 
 irjrris, Nesti'a. The part of the sm^l intestine 
 comprised between the duodenum and ileum. 
 It has been so called, because it is almost al- 
 ways found empty in the dead body. 
 
 JELLY, Gelly— j, of the Cord, Gelatin of 
 Wharton — j. Water, Bi-asenia hydropeltis. 
 
 JERGON, see Arrow-poison. 
 
 JERKING RESPIRATION, Respiration, 
 jerking. 
 
 JERKS, see Mania, dancing'. 
 
 JERSEY, CLIMATE OF. Jersey is the 
 largest of the islands of the British Channel, 
 and is most frequented by invalids. Its climate 
 closely resembles that of the south-west coast 
 of England, and especially of Penzance, and it 
 is adapted to the same class of invalids. 
 
 JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA, Che- 
 nopodium anthelminticum. 
 
 JESEMINUM, Jasminum officinale. 
 
 JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale— j. Yel- 
 low, Gelseminum nitidum. 
 
 JEVNESSE, Adolescence. 
 
 JEWEL WEED, Impatiens balsamina. 
 
 JEW'S EAR, Pezizaauricula— j. Harp, Tril- 
 lium latifolium. 
 
 JIMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium. 
 
 JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda. 
 
 JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Several springs are found at Joannette, about 
 five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters 
 are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of 
 lime; subcarbonate of soda, chloride. Of sodium; 
 some iron ; chloiide of calcium, and, sometimes, 
 a kind of saponaceous matter. They are chiefly 
 used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhcea, &c. 
 ' JOE PYE, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Johne 
 is a village near Dol in Firance-Comtfe, France, 
 where is a mineral spring, which contains sub^ 
 carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne- 
 sia and iron. It is used chiefly as a bath in 
 certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic af- 
 fections. 
 
 JOINT, Articulation — j. Ball and socket, 
 Enarthrosis — ^j. Dove-tail, Suture^. Stiff, An- 
 kylosis. 
 
 JONAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 spring is situate to the south-west of Bourbbn- 
 I'Archambault, in France. The waters contain 
 chloride of calcium and sulphate of lime,; chlo- 
 ride of sodium, and sulphate of soda ; carbonate 
 of iron and carbonic acid, gas. They are tonic 
 and aperient. 
 
 JOUAN, STi, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 St. Jouan is a village, near Saint-Malo, ib France. 
 The" water is a cold chalybeate. 
 • JOUBARBE Acre, Sedum— >'. des Toits, 
 Sempervivum tectorum— ;;. des Vignes, Sedum 
 telephium. 
 
 <TOITE, Genu. 
 
 JOULOS, Julus. 
 
 JOUR, Dies. 
 
 JOURS CANICULAIRES, Dog days— j. 
 Critiques, Critical days^. Indicateurs, Indi- 
 cating days. 
 
 JO VIS FLOS, Crocus— j. Glans, Juglans. 
 
 JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decan- 
 dra. 
 
 ,JUD,S'US, Juda'icus. {Lapis,) Phtenici'- 
 tes Lapis, Tecol'ithos, (F.) Pierre Judaique. 
 A stone, found in Judaea, Palestine, &c. Called, 
 also, Lapis Syriacus. It was formerly eisteenled 
 to be diuretic and lithontriptic. 
 
 JUDGMENT, Judic"ium, (F.) JugemerU. 
 The faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are 
 compared with each other, and their relative 
 worth appreciated. 
 
 JUDICATORll DIES, Critical da,ys. 
 
 JUDICIUM, Judgment. 
 
 JUGAL, Zygomatic— j. Process, Zygoma;tic 
 process. 
 
 Jtjgal Region, Re'gio juga'lis. The region 
 of the cheekbone. 
 
 JUGALE OS, Malae os. 
 
 JUG ALIS; Zygomatic. 
 
 JuGALis Sutura, fromti/yor, 'ayoke.' The 
 suture which unites the Os Mala or Os Ju- 
 ga'le with the superior maxillary bone. Also, 
 the sagittal suture. 
 
 JUGEMENT, Judgment, 
 
 JUGLANS CINER'EA (Javis glans,) Put- 
 ter Nut, Oil- Nut, White Walnut.' The mner 
 bark of the root of this tiee,- Juglans (Ph. U. S.), 
 which is abundant in the United States, is used 
 in medicine, in the form of extract, as an effica- 
 cious and mild laxative, in doses of from 10 to 
 
JUGULAR 
 
 477 
 
 JURIBALI 
 
 SO grains. It is in the secondary list of the 
 Pharmacopceia of the United States. 
 
 JuGLANS Re'giaj Jugla^s, Nux Juglans, 
 Car'ya basil'ica, xagvx, Carya. The Walnut, 
 (F.J Noyer, (the tree^) Noia;, (the nut.) The 
 unripe fruit, in the state in which it. is pickled, 
 was formerly esteemed to he anthelmintic. 
 The putamen. or green rind of the walnut has 
 been celebrated as „a powerful antisyphilitic, 
 and used as a sort of diet drink. The kernel is 
 an agreeable article of dessert; but, like all 
 nuts, is difficult of digestion. The expressed 
 oil, Huile de Noix, is used in France as an ali- 
 ment, and, like other fixed oils, is laxative. 
 
 Various preparations of the leaves have been 
 recommended in scrofulous affections. . 
 
 JUG'UL AR, Jugula'ris, from jugulum, ' the 
 throat.' Relating to the throat. 
 
 Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugula'ris, is a cavity 
 in th* petro-ocdpital suture. It is formed by 
 the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
 by the occipital bone, and lodges the origin, of 
 the internal jugular vein. It is, sometimes, 
 called thiTtihle-like cavity. 
 
 Jugular Veins, Vence Jugula'res, V, spka- 
 git'ides, V, apoplec'tica, F. sppora'les. These 
 are situate at the lateral and anterior parts of 
 the neck. They are two on each side; one etx- 
 ternal, the other internal. " 1. The External 
 Jugular Vein, Trachelo-sdus-cutani, (Ch.) is 
 of less 6i4e than the internal. It descends, 
 almost vertically, along the anterior and lateral 
 part of the neck, ftom the cervix of the lower 
 jaw to the subclavian vein, into which it opens, 
 a little above the internal jugular. Tt is formed 
 by the internal maxillary, superficial temporal, 
 and posterior auricular veins. It is this vein, 
 which is commonly opened in bleeding in the 
 neck. 2. -The Internal Jugular. Vein, V. Ce- 
 phaligue (Ch.) Vena apoplee'tica, is much larger 
 and more deeply seated than the preceding. It 
 descends, vertically, along the anterior and la- 
 teral part of the heck, from the posterior part 
 of the foramen lacerum posterins as far as the 
 subclavian vein. It commences at the sinus of 
 the jugular vein, (F.) Galfe de la veine jugu- 
 laire, and receives the blood, which returns by 
 the sinus of the durti, master, and that of the 
 facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior thyroid, 
 occipital, and diploic veins. 
 
 JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat— j. Uteri, 
 CoUuiri uteri. 
 
 JUGUM PENIS, Presse-urhhre. 
 
 JUICE, EXPRESSED, see Succus. 
 
 JUJUBE, Jitjuba, Ziz'yphum. The fruit of 
 Kha/mnus Ziz'yphus, Ziz'yphus vulga'ris, ana- 
 tive of the south of Europe. It^as formerly 
 ranked amongst the pectoral fruits. It has an 
 agreeable sweet taste. The fruits of two other 
 species of Zizyphus-^Z. jiijuba, a native of the 
 East Indies, and Z. lotus, growing in North 
 Africa, possess similar properties to Zizyphus 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Jujube Paste, Paste of jujubes. 
 
 JULAPIUM, Julep— j. Camphorae, Mistura 
 camphorae. 
 
 JULEB, Julep. 
 
 JULEP, JvXa'fn.wm, Jule'pus, Zula'piu/m; 
 Julei of the Persians. A sweet drink. A de- 
 mulcent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture. 
 
 Julep, Camphor, Mistura camphorae — j. 
 Camphre, Mistura camphorae. 
 
 JULUS, Jutos, loulos, louAo;. The first 
 
 down that appears upon the chin.— Rufus ol 
 Ephesus. 
 
 JUMEAU, Gemellus. 
 
 JUMEAUX de la JAMBE, Gastrocnc- 
 mii. I 
 
 JVMELLE, Gemellus. 
 
 JUMENTOUS URINE, UHne jumenteuse. 
 
 JUNCTURA, Articulatibn. 
 
 JUNCUS, ODORA'TUS, Andropo'gon schce- 
 nan'thus, FiBmMn camelo'rutn, Juncus aromat'' 
 icus. Camel's hay, S-u/eet rzc-sh, Schtznan'thus, 
 Schcenan'thum, Sccenan'thum, CaVanius odora'* 
 tus, Squirian'thus, Gramen orienta'le, {7.)Jone 
 odorant. The dried plant, which is generally 
 procured from Turkey and Arabia, has an 
 agreeable smell, and a warm, bitterish taste. 
 It was formerly used as a stomachic and deob- 
 struent. - 
 
 JUNGLE FEVER. A variety of remittent 
 occurring in the jungle districts of India. 
 
 JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
 with junijper berries. 
 
 JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, ^.rceu'thm, 
 Juniper tree; Akat'alis, Akat'era. Fa/mily, 
 Coniferae. Sex. Syst. Dicecia Monadelphia. 
 The tops and berries, Junip'erus (Ph. U. S.), 
 are ordered in the pharmacopceias. Their odout 
 is strong, but not unpleasant. Taste warm, 
 pungent. Properties dependent upon essential 
 oil, which they yield to both water and alcohol. 
 Dose, 9j, to gss, rubbed with sugar. In Hol- 
 land, juniper berries are used for flavouring the 
 gin; The oil, O'leum jvmip'eri, possesses the 
 virtues of the plant. It is called, by Ruland, 
 Targdr. (F.) Genevrier (the plant,) Geniivre 
 (the berry.) 
 
 JuHiPERus Lycia. This plant — Thu'rea, Th. 
 virga. Arbor thurif'era, has been supposed to 
 afford the true fran&incense, Cedros Olib'anum, 
 Thus Libano'to^y lAbano^tum, Idb'anos, Thus 
 mas'culum. Thus veru/m, (F.) Encens. By 
 some, however, it is supposed to be the produce 
 of an Am^ris, and by others of BosweVlid ser* 
 rd'ta. The odour of o}ibanum is peculiar and 
 aromatic : taste bitterish and slightly pungent ; 
 partly soluble in alcohol, and forming a inilky 
 emulsion, when triturated with water. It was 
 formerly tised in dysentery and' haeirioptysis, 
 but is now never employed except as a f erfume 
 in a sick room. 
 
 JuHiEERUS Sabi'ha, Sabi'na, Savi'na, Sabi'na 
 ster'ilis,-,Bruta, Cedrus bacdf'era. Common or 
 barrensavin;BrathU,Brathys,Ba'rathron,Bo'- 
 rathron, (F.) Sabine, Savinier. The odour of 
 savin leaves is strong and disagreeable. Taste 
 hot, acrid, and bitter, depending on an essential 
 oil. Their operation is stimulant, eramena- 
 gogue, anthelmintic, and abortive ; externally, 
 escharotic. Dose, internally, gr. v to x of the 
 powder. As an escharotic, they are applied in 
 powder or formed into a cerate. The essential 
 oil, O'leum Sabi'ncB (Ph. U. S.), has the virtues 
 of the savine. Dose two to five drops. 
 
 Juniperus Virginia'na, Red cedar: This 
 tree is known throughout the United States by 
 the name of savine, and is often used for the 
 same purposes. 
 
 JUNK, Pad. 
 
 JUNO LUCINA, Ilithyii. 
 
 JUPITER, Tin. 
 
 JURIBALI, Euribali. A tree in the forests 
 of Pomerooh. Fam. Meliaces. Class, Octan- 
 
JURISPRUDENCE, MEDICAL 478 
 
 KENTUCKY 
 
 dria. Nat. Order, Monogynia. The tark is 
 febrifuge, and may te given in powder or infu- 
 sion, Q,\ ad aq. hdlient. Oij.) 
 
 JURISPRU'DENCE, MED'IC AL, ftom jus, 
 juris, ' law,' and prudentia, ' knowledge.' Ju- 
 rispruderi'tia Med'iea. This word is often used 
 synonymously withie^o/ Medicine^ It is now, 
 as frequently perhaps, employed for the imho- 
 died laws' and regulations^ that relate to the 
 teaching and practice of medicine. 
 
 JUS, Zomos, Zorrdd'ium, Sofhifio,, Sor'- 
 hitum. Soup, broth, or. bouilioii^. Coagula- 
 "tum, Gelly. i 
 
 nrs D>HBRBES,X¥.-) The juice of certain 
 vegetables administered as depuratives; as 
 that of furiiitory, burdock, water trefoil, &c. 
 
 Jus Jelatum, Ge)ly — j. d» Reglisse, see Gly- 
 cyrrhiza — j.de Yiande, see '&o\\i\\.on., 
 
 JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 JUSqUIAUME, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso— j. Adha- 
 toda, Adhatoda. 
 
 jDfeTic"iA EcBol,'iuM, Carim curini. A Ma- 
 labar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, 
 in decoction, are considered in the country to 
 be lithontriptic. „ 
 
 Jdsticia Pectoea'lis. a West India plant, 
 which is slightly astringent. (F.) Carmantint, 
 G. Pectorale, Herfie aux- Charpentiers , 
 
 JUVANS, Auxpl'ium, Remed'ium. A medi- 
 cine or substance of any kind, which relieves a 
 disorder. An adjuvant. 
 
 JUVENIS, Adolescens.. 
 
 JUVENTUS, Adolescence. 
 
 JUXTAPOSIT"ION, Juxtapdsif'io, from 
 juscta, ' near to,' and ponere, positum, ' to place.' 
 The mode of increase proper to minerals; 
 which consists in thfe successive application of 
 new molecules upon, those that form the priini- 
 tive nucleus. It is opposedcto intussusception. 
 
 K. 
 
 ' If. B .—Iltost of the terius derividfrom the Greek are found v/nder the letter C. 
 
 K. This letter was formerly /used to desig- 
 nate a compound of gold* 
 
 KAATH, Catechu. 
 
 KA AWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink, 
 prepared from maize. 
 
 KABALA, Cabal. 
 
 K^MPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta 
 galanga. 
 
 - K^mpfe'ria RoTuii'DA. Called after Ksnip 
 fer, the naturalist ; Zedpa'ria, Z. rotun'da, 
 Amo'mum, ^edoa'riai CoV chicum Zeylan'icum, 
 Zed'oary^ (F.) Zedoaire rond. . The roots of 
 this Ceylonese plant have a fragrant smell, and 
 warm, bitl;eri,shj aromatic taste. Th^yare in 
 wrinkled, gray, ash-coloured, heavy, firm, short 
 pieces; 6f a, brownish-red coloiir within; and 
 are stimulant and carminative. Dose, Qj to gj 
 of the powder. 
 
 According to Some, round asedoi^y is fur- 
 nished by Curewma zerumiet;-r-the long, Ze' 
 doa'ria longa, by Cur'euma zedoa'ria. 
 
 KAHINC^ RADIX, Caincae radix. 
 
 KAIB, Kay I. A word employed by the' al- 
 chemists for sour and cbaglilated milk. 
 
 KAJEPUT, Cajipput. 
 
 KAKOCHYMIA, Cacochymia. 
 ' KALI, Potash— k. Acetas, Potass* acetas-^ 
 k. Aeratum, Potassae carbonas— k. Causticum, 
 Potassa fusa^k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa 
 cum calce — k. Chloricum, Potassae murias hy- 
 peroxygenatus — k. Hydriodinicum, see Potassae 
 hydriodas — k. NitricuUij Potassae nitras-^k!. 
 Oxalicum acidulum, Potass, oxalate of— k. Prae- 
 paratum, Potassae subcarbonas— k. Praeparatum 
 e tartaro, see Potash-^k. Purum, Potassa fusa 
 — k. Spinosum cocWeatum, Salsola kali-^. 
 Subcarbonas, Potassae subcarbonas— 'k. Sulphas, 
 Potassae sulphas — k. Sulphuricum, Potassse sul- 
 phas — k. Sulphuretum, Potassae gulphuretum — 
 k. Tartarizatum, Potassae tartras — k. e Tartaro, 
 see Potash — k. Vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas. 
 
 KALICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fiisa. 
 
 KALIUM lODATUM, see Potassae hydrio- 
 das. 
 
 KALMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA. Called after 
 Kalm, the botanist. Ivy, Narrow-leaved Kal- 
 mia or Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheep Laurel. 
 This plant has the same virtues as K. latifolia. 
 So also has 
 
 Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel. 
 
 Kalmia, Bro aid-Lea ved, "K. latifolia. 
 
 Kalmia Latifo'lia, Broad-leaved Kalrma, 
 Cal'ico bush. Laurel, Mountain' Laurel, Rose 
 Laurel, Big Ivy^ Spoontdood, Lambkill, Sheep^ 
 poison. Broad-leaved Laurel. This plant kills 
 sheep and other animals. The Indians use it 
 as a poison. The powdered leaves have been 
 applied successfully in tinea capitis ; and a de- 
 coction of it has been used for the itch. The 
 powder, mixed with lard, has been applied in 
 hel-pes. ' 
 
 KaLmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia. 
 
 KALO, Arum eseulentum. 
 
 KAMPHUR. Camphor. 
 
 KAPHURjCamphor. 
 
 KARABE, Asphaltuni. 
 
 KARABITIS, Phrenitis. 
 
 KARCINOSEN, Carcinoses. 
 
 KARENA, Carena. 
 
 KASSADER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KASSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KATASARCA, Anasarca. 
 
 KATASTALTICA, Astringents. 
 
 KAVA, Ava. 
 
 KAVIAC, Caviare. 
 
 KAYL, Kaib. 
 
 KELOID, Cancroid. 
 
 KELOTOMIA, Celotomia. 
 
 KELP, Varec. The impure mineral alkali, 
 obtained by burning certain marine plants. See 
 Soda. 
 
 KENNELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa. 
 
 KENTUCKY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The Olympian springs in this state are near 
 the sources of Licking river. There are tlu-ee 
 different kinds, in the space of half a mil*. 
 
KERATITIS 
 
 479 KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF 
 
 One of these is saline, impregnated with sul- 
 phur ;r-another is chalybeate, and a third a 
 sulphureous spring. In various parts of Ken- 
 tucky, there are saline waters, which are fre- 
 quented by invalids. The Salines at Bigbone, 
 formerly employed in the manufacture of salt, 
 are now resorted to by invalids. A spring, near 
 Harrodsburg in Mercer county, is strongly im- 
 pregnated with sulphate of magnesia. 
 
 KERATITIS, Ceratitis. 
 
 KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus. 
 
 KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
 
 KERATONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
 
 KERATO-PHARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn- 
 geus. 
 
 KERATO-STAPHYLINU^ Cerato-staphy- 
 linus. 
 
 KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife, ca- 
 taract. 
 
 KERMES, Chermes, Aliermes. One of the 
 species of the genus kermes liyes on a g'reen oak, 
 and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes animal, Coc- 
 cunij Cocci granum, Coecicta haph'icwm seu in- 
 fecto' rivflA^ tinctQ'rum, scarlaii'niimy &c. The 
 oak, to which allusion has been made, is known 
 by boteinists under the name Quercus coceif'era, 
 and grows abundantly in Che uncultivated lands 
 of southern France, Spain, and in the islands 
 of the Grecian Archipelago. The kermes, in- 
 habiting it, has the appearance of a small, 
 spherical, inanimate shell. Its .colour is red- 
 dish-brown, and it is covered with a slightly 
 ash-coloured dust. This is the kermes of the 
 shdps. It is now only used in dyeing; but was 
 formerly reputed to possess aphrodisiac, analep- 
 tic, anti-abortive, and other virtues. 
 
 Kermes, Mif)ERAi<, see Antimonii sulphare- 
 turn priEcipitatum. 
 
 KERNEL, Tubercle. 
 
 KERNELS, WAXING, Bee Waxing kernels. 
 
 KERUA, Ricinus communis. , 
 
 KETCHUP, Catchup. A pickle prepared 
 from the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, toma- 
 
 KETMIA ^GYPTIACA, Hibiscus abel- 
 moschus. 
 
 KEY, Sax. ca?5, Clavis, Cleis, Clavis An'gli- 
 ca, (F.) Clef de Garangeot. An instrument, 
 used for extracting teeth. It consists of a firm 
 handle, with a claw at right angles to it, and 
 moving upon a pivot. This claw embraces the 
 tooth. It has undergone several modifications ; 
 and hence various instruments are used under 
 this denomination. The French h^^ve the Clef 
 a pompe, Clef a pivot, and Ctef i noix. 
 
 KEYRI CHEIRI, Cheirinthus cheiri. 
 
 KHALA. MIMUC, Bit noben. 
 . KIAS'TERjCAiaiier, from /iottiv,'to cross.' 
 A species of bandage, having the form of the 
 Greek letter, x, which the ancients used for ap- 
 proximating, and , inaintaining in contact, the 
 fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of 
 that hone. It was applied in the form of the 
 figure 8. 
 
 KIBISTITOME, Cystitome. 
 
 KIDNEY. Its etymology is uncertain. • Se- 
 renius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, qued, 
 the belly; and nigh, (quasi, quidney.} Ren, 
 Nephros, Protmi'sis, (F.) Rein. The kidneys 
 are the secretory organs of the urine. They 
 are two glands, situate deeply, — the one on- the 
 right, afld the other on the left side, — in the 
 
 hypochondres : at the sides of the lumbar ver- 
 tebrse; behind the peritoneum; and in the 
 midst of an abundant, fatty cellular tissue, 
 Tu'niea adipo'sa. The kidney is of a reddish- 
 brown colour; oval forni; and flattened on two 
 surfaces, « It has, at its internal margin, a deep 
 fissure, by which the renal vessels, and nerves 
 enter or quit the organ, and the ureter issues. 
 It resembles pyetty accurately, the haricot or 
 kidney-bean. Two substances are readily dis- 
 tinguishable in it ;■'— the outer, secerning or cor- 
 tical, Substan^tia 'cortiept'lis, S. glandulo'sa, 
 which secretes the urine; and the inner, tubw 
 lar, medullary or uHniferwus, Substan'tia 
 medulla'ris, S. Tubulo'sa, S. Fibro'sa, which 
 appears under the form of small cones or un- 
 equal papillse, each resulting from the union of 
 small capillary tubes, adherent by one, of their 
 extremities to the cortical substance ; and open- 
 ing, by , the other, at the summit of the cone, 
 into calices, a species of membranous tubes, 
 more or less numerous, which transmit thg 
 urine of the papillae to the pelvis. By this 
 (pelvis) is meant a small, membranous sac, of 
 an irregularly oval shajpe, at the base of which 
 are the orifices of the calices, and the other ex- 
 tremity of which is continuous with the ureter. 
 The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous mem- 
 brane proper to it, Perineph'rus. It has been 
 affirmed, of late, by Mr. Bowman, that the 
 renal artery is distributed to the corpora Mai' 
 pighian'a, where the watery portion of the 
 urine is separated. The blood then becomes 
 venous, and is distributed by diflFerent vessels 
 to the convoluted tubes through which the pro- 
 per urine is secreted. Hence the blood passes 
 into the renal vein. The intermediate vessels 
 betweeii the Ma.lpighiiari bodies and the convo- 
 luted tubes, have been termed the Portal System 
 of the Kidney , , ■, 
 
 Kidney, Beight's .Disease of the, Mqrbus 
 Sright'ii, Mi albuminensis, Nephri'tis albumi- 
 Tio'sa, Neph'ria, TTroze'Tnia ' albumino'sa, C-a- 
 ehec'ticnephri'tis,Nephri'tis soeia'ta,4-sso'ciated 
 nephritis. Inflammation of the Malpig'hian cor'- 
 puscles, Disease of Bright, Grdn'ular Degene- 
 ra'tion or Disorganiza! tion of the Kidney, Gra- 
 nular Kidney, of Bright,(F .)Maladie de Bright, 
 Nephrite dlbumineuse, ktat Granuleux ou Dege- 
 neres'cence granules du Rein, AlbuminurorrMe. 
 A granular disease df the cortical part of the 
 kidney, which gives occasion to the secretion 
 of urine that contains albumen, and is of less 
 specific gravity than natural, and which de- 
 stroys by inducing t)ther diseases., It was first 
 described by Dr. Bright of Lofldon, abouttwenty 
 years ago. 
 
 Kidney, Geanular, of Bright, Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the. . 
 
 KI'ESTEINE,ffi'cj«em, properly ZiTy'sjiaHe, 
 Ky'estein, Ky stein, Cy'esteine QjCy'estein, from 
 xusir,' ' to be pregnant,' and so^ijs, ' a garment 
 or pellicle.' A peculiar substajice', which forms 
 a pellicle on the urine of a pregnant female when 
 allowed to stand for a few days. It is whitish, 
 opalescent, slightly granular, and may be com- 
 pared to the fatty substance that swirhs on the 
 surface of soups, after they have been allowed 
 to cool. When taken in conjunction. with other 
 phenomena, it is a valuable aid in the diagnosis 
 of early pregnancy. 
 
 KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohy- 
 
KILOGRAMME 
 
 480 
 
 KNIFE 
 
 dric acid; carbonates of lime, magnesiaj and 
 iron; sulphates pf soda, lime, and magnesia, 
 and chloride of sodium. 
 
 'K.ll:OGB.AMM'E,Chiliogram'ma,fiomxtitioi, 
 'a thousand,' and ygantia, 'a gramme.' The 
 weight of a thousand gramnies ,■— two pounds, 
 eight ounces, one drachmj and twenty-four- 
 grains, Troy. 
 
 KILOLITRE, from ;f l;l^ol, < a thousand,' and 
 ?.iTQa, 'a litre.' A measure containing a thou- 
 sand litres. 
 
 KINA KIN A, Cinchona.' 
 
 KINANGIE, Cynanehe. 
 
 KINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 KINDCOUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 KINGCURE, Pyrola maculata. 
 
 KING'S EVIL, Scrofula.- 
 
 KINICI ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of. 
 
 KININUM, Quinina. 
 
 KINKINA,-,Cinehona. 
 
 KINO, Gummi 'Gctmbien'se, Gi/mmi ruirum, 
 adstrifi'gens Ga/nihien'se, African kino, East 
 India kino, Amboy^na kino, Git-imni adstrin'gens. 
 FothergU'li.^ The treeS, ■yifhenee one Variety of 
 this resin is obtained, are not botanically ascer- 
 tained. The London college ascribe it to Fu- 
 rocar'pus erina'ced; the Ecjinburgh toEucalyp'- 
 tusresitiif'erajdLndiheDvhl'mtoStiteafrondo'sa. 
 The'Pharmacopffiia of the United States, (1842,) 
 defines it to be " an extract obtained from an 
 uncertain plant." On wounding t^e bark, the 
 kino flows drop by drop. A "West India va- 
 riety is said to be derived from Coccoloha uvif- 
 era or Seaside Grape ; and a Botany B^y kino 
 is said to he the concrete juice of Eutalyp'tiis 
 resinifera or brown guTo-tree of New Holland. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. 
 Myrtacese. Kino consists chiefly of tannin, 
 gallic acid, oxide of iron, and colouring matter. 
 It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish bitter; and 
 it is sometimes gritty between the teeth. It 
 conges to us in fragments of a dark ruby red 
 colour, and is easily pulverized. Its properties 
 are powerfully astringerit. Dose, gr. x togr. 
 XX in powder. 
 
 KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloriphy. 
 
 KI'OTOME,/irjo«'omMs, from xiiav, ' a pillar,' 
 ' support,' and nuvnv, 'to cut.' (7.) Coupe- 
 bride. An instrument invjented by Default, to 
 cut any accidental brides or filaments in the 
 rectum and bladder ; and which he afterwards 
 used for. the removal of the, tonsils. It is com- 
 posed of a flat, silver sheath, open at one edget 
 This sheath is provided with a cutting blade; 
 which can "be forced ■ through the opening, and 
 thus all the parts can be divided with which it 
 comes in contact. 
 
 KIPPERNQT, Bunium hulbocastanum. 
 
 KIRATE. A weight of four grains, accord- 
 ing to Blanc'ard. " ~ 
 
 KIRKLAND'S NEUTRAL CERATE, see 
 Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. 
 
 KIRRHONOSIS, Cirxhonosis. 
 
 KIRRHOSIS, Cirrhonosis. 
 
 KIRSCHWASSER(G.), 'CAerry woier.' 
 An alcoholic liquor, obtained from cherries 
 bruised with their stones, by subjecting them 
 to distillation, after having caused them to fer- 
 ment. See Spirit. 
 
 KISSINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These springs, in Bavaria, contain carbonic acid 
 and chloride of sodium. 
 
 yKIST. A weight of 14 grains.— Paracelsus. 
 'KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM, see 
 Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 KLEPTOMA'NIA; from xlcnra, 'I steal,' 
 and mania. Insanity, with an irresistible pro- 
 pensity to steah ■ , 
 
 KLOPEMA'NIA, Clopema'nia, ftpm xXonri,- 
 'theft,' and fiUvia, ' mania.' Monomania, with 
 an irresistible desir^ td steal. 
 
 KNARESBOROUGH, .MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF, see Harrogate, mineral waters of. 
 
 KNEADING, Shampooing, 
 
 KNEE, HOUSEMAID'S. An inflammation 
 of the bursa, which in most individuals is iij 
 front of the patella, and is apt to inflame and 
 enlarge from effusion in those in whom it is 
 subjected to much pressure. Hence its name. 
 It is a form of capsular rheumatism. 
 
 KNEE SCAB, Crusta genu equinaer-k. En- 
 circled hoof, Crusta genu equinae. ■ 
 
 KNIFE. Sax. cnip. Swed. K n i f . Dan. 
 K n i v. (F.) Canif, Culier, Smile^ Gultell'tis, 
 Tomei'on, Tome'us, Maohxra, Mdekse'rien, Ma- 
 ckse'ris, (F.) Couteau. A cutting instruinent, 
 used ia' surgery to divide the soft parts, and 
 which only dif^rs from the bistouri or scalpel 
 in being, commonly larger. 
 
 The. most common knives are the following : 
 
 Knjfe, Ampt)ta'tion,(F.) Couteaud amputa- 
 tion, C. droit, Culter recfus. This is the largest 
 of the knives used in surgery. Formerly, they 
 were curved; now they are straight, and piro- 
 yided with one or two edges. , r 
 
 Knifb, Cat'aeact, Ceratot'oTXus, Kerutot- 
 oimis, (F.) Couteau d eataracte. The cataract 
 knives of Richter, Wenzel, Ward, and others, 
 being intended to perform the section ol the 
 transparent cornea, are so shaped as to exactly 
 fill the sniall wound made by them; and thus 
 to prevent the discharge of the aqueous hu- 
 mour, until the section is completed. The blade 
 of the knives of Wenzel and Ward resembles 
 a very narrovi' lancet, blunt in the posterior 
 five-sixths of one of its edges. - The blade of 
 that of Richter is pyramidal, cutting thrftngh 
 the v([hole length of its inferior edge, and also 
 blunt in the five -sixths of the upper. 
 
 Knife, Cheselden's. A knife with a fixed 
 handle; very convex on its edge, concave on 
 the back, which was used by Cheselden iajctlio- 
 tomy. 
 
 Knife, Ceooiced, Culter falca'ttt^, Cnltercur- 
 vus, (F.) CoUfeau courbeJ A knife, which is 
 crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It 
 was formerly employed, in amputation of the 
 limbsi ' , ■ 
 
 Knife; Ceotchet, Cult(l'lus uncus, ('F.)Con- 
 teau d croehet. A'steel instrument, composed 
 of a round staff, furnished vyith a haiidle at one 
 extremity, and at the other with a curved knife. 
 It was formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous 
 foetuses in utero, and to open the head when 
 necessary. 
 
 Knife, DouBLE-EraED, Anceps cultel'lus, 
 Amphis'mela, Amphis'm'di-, Catling, (F.) Cou- 
 teau a deux tranchans, Couteau de.sarti.culate.ur , 
 C. interosseux. A knife, the blade of which is 
 straight and sharp on both sides. It is used for 
 disarticulating bones; and for cutting the soft 
 parts situate between the bones, in amputation 
 of the leg and forearm. 
 
KNIFE EN SERPETTE 
 
 481 
 
 KYST 
 
 KNIFE EN SERPETTE(F.), Couteau en 
 lerpette. A sort Qf knife, of the shape of a ser- 
 pette or pruning-knife, invented by Desault for 
 dividing the bony paries of the maxillary si- 
 nus, for the purpose of extracting fungi from it. 
 
 Kmife, LENTic'tiLAK, Culter lenticrtla'ris, 
 (F.) Couteau lenticulaire. An instrument, 
 used in the operation of trepanning^ for re- 
 moving inequalities in the inner table of the 
 skull, which may have been left by the crown 
 of the trephine around the opening made by it. 
 It is formed of a lenticular button, fixed at the 
 extremity of an iron staff, which is convex on 
 one side, flat on the other ; sharp at both edges, 
 and .mounted on an ebony handle. 
 
 Knife, Lithot'omt, (F.) Couteau Uthotome 
 A name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the 
 narro^y blade of which, four and a half inches 
 in length, was sharp in its "vyhole extent, and 
 made an obtuse angle with the handle. He 
 used it in the lateral operation. 
 
 Knock-kneed, Entogonyancon. 
 
 KNOT, Tubercle. - 
 
 Khot,; Packer's, (F.) Naud d'emballeur 
 A compressive band,age, used for arresting he- 
 morrhage from the temporal artery or its 
 branches. The naud d'emballeur is made with 
 a double-headed roller,' five ells long. A gra- 
 duated compress is placed over the opening in 
 the artery, and the bandage is. applied over it; 
 the balls of the roller being carried horizontally 
 round to the opposite temple, where they are 
 crossed obliquely and carried bacjc to the part 
 where the compress is situate. The hands are 
 then changed with the rollers, crossing them 
 so as to form a knot, and taking one above the 
 head; the other beneath the chin. They are 
 then crossed again, so as to form several knots, 
 one above tlie other. This bandage is called, 
 by some surgeons. Solar or oblique chevestrCj or 
 capistrum. 
 
 Knot, Supgeon's, Nodua chirur'gicus, (F.) 
 Naud du chirurgien. A double' knot made by 
 passing the thread twice through the same 
 noose. This knot is used frequently in the liga- 
 ture of arteries, the umbilical cord, &c. 
 
 KNOTBERRIES^ Rubus chamsmorus. 
 
 KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 KNOTWEED, Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly- 
 gonum aviculare. 
 
 KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm'. 
 
 KOLERUS, a name givgn by Paracelsus to 
 a dry ulcer. , 
 
 KOLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
 
 KbLTO, Plica. 
 
 KOOCHLA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica. 
 
 KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia.' 
 
 KDRIS, Cimex 
 
 ICOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
 
 KOUMIS, Kumyss. 
 
 KRAME'RIA, Raian'hia, Rhatan'ia, Rat'- 
 amhy, (F.) Ratankie. Krameria, Krameria 
 triandra, — -Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monpgynia. 
 Nat. Ord. Polygaleae, — is a native of Java. 
 Tlve root has a bitter taste; and is astringent, 
 diuretic, and detergent. Dose, Qj to ,^j. 
 
 Krame'ria Ixi'na, or Ratanhy of the Antil- 
 , les, has similar virtues. 
 
 KREOSOTON, Creosote. 
 
 KUA KAHA, Curcuma longa. 
 
 KUMYSS, Koiimyss, Koumis. A. beve- 
 rage used in families by the people of Yakntz. 
 
 It resembles sour buttermilk, without being 
 greasy. According to Sir George Simpson, it 
 is prepared in a very simple way from mare's 
 milk, which is merely allowed to stand for 
 some da.ys in a leathern churn till it becomes 
 sour. It is then bottled for use. This drink 
 is rathei: nutritious than exhilarating; but from 
 the same material the Burats and the Kirghez 
 prepare an intoxicating spirit in which they 
 indulge to excess. 
 
 KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 KUTKULEJA, Cae^alpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTOOKURUNJA, Caisalpinia bonducella. 
 
 KUTUBUTH. An Arabic name for a spe- 
 cies, of melancholy in whiph the patient is ne- 
 ver quiet at any one place, but wanders about 
 here and there. ^Also, the name of an insect, 
 which lives at the surface of stagnant waters, 
 and is in a constant state of agitation. Some 
 lexicographers imagine that it is on account of 
 this last circumstance, that the name of the in- 
 sect has been given to the disease. i 
 
 KYANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
 
 KYAPUTTY, Caieput. ' 
 
 KYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
 
 KYLLO'SIS, from KoUot, ' crooked,' 'lame.' 
 Cyllo'sis. Professor Chaussier so calls congeni- 
 tal distortibn of the feet. Clubfoot, Tal'ipes, 
 (F.) Fied hot. Of this there are many va- 
 rieties. In pne7 the foot, instead of resting 
 on the soili by the whole plantar surface, 
 touches it only with^ the metatarsoTphalangiah 
 articulations. It seems as if turned hackWards 
 and broken upon the leg, QPes Egui'mi^, Hip'- 
 popus, Oxypo'dia.) In other persons the foot 
 is twisted. inwards, (Fanjj, Blasop'odes^, Blse!- 
 sopus, CylloepuSj Cyllop'oda, Cyllopod'ion, Lo~ 
 ri'pes, (F.) Cagneux,') so that it rests only on 
 the ground on its outer edge; or it may be 
 twisted outwards, (Valgus,) or rest. only on its 
 inner edge. In the flatfoot or splayfoot, Sar'- 
 apus, Plat'ypus,Piatypod'ia,(^,') Pied plat, 
 the plantar surface of th,e foot is flatttoed in- 
 stead of being concave. ■ 
 
 These deformities are rarely accidental. 
 They are almost always congenital, and may be 
 rectified, at em early period, by proper mecha- 
 nical means to strengthen the foot gradually 
 and restore it to its proper shape and direction; 
 and if these means fail, the tendons and. mus- 
 cles concerned in the deformity may be divided. 
 
 KYNA, Pastiriaca opoponax. 
 
 KYPHOSIS, see Cyphdsis — k.Inflammatoria, 
 Vertebral disease — ^k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis- 
 ease. 
 
 KYST, Cyst, Kystis, Cystis, from nuTTit, 
 'a. bladder,' 'pouch.' (F.) Kyste. This term 
 is generally applied to pouches or sacs, without 
 opening, and commonly of a membranous na- 
 ture, which are accidentally developed in one 
 of the natural cavities, or in the substance of 
 organs. Many theories have been successively 
 emitted to explain the formation of cysts, but 
 none are entirely satisfactory. Some are formed 
 by a thin, translucent membrane ; having scarce- 
 ly the thickness of the arachnoid ; others of a 
 whitish, fibrp-cellular membrane, more or less 
 thick. Some contain cartilaginous or bony 
 
 kes. The greater part have but one cavity; 
 others, on the contrary, have several, separated 
 by complete or imperfect septa, as is frequently 
 seen in those developed in the ovaries. The 
 matter contained in cysts is sometimes limpid. 
 
KYSTE 
 
 483 
 
 LACCA 
 
 serous, yellowish white, reddish, and, at others, 
 more or leas thick, albuminous, adipous, or case- 
 ous. The tumour, formed by them, is called 
 Encysted, whict see. 
 KYSTE, Kyst — i. Anevrysmal, Aneurisraal 
 
 KYSTEIlSr, Kiesteine. 
 
 KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from xuo-»o{, ' the 
 
 vagina.' Inflammation of the vulva and of the 
 mucous membrane of the vagina. 
 
 KYSTHOPTOSIS, from yiv,r9tt, 'the vagi- 
 na,' and ttizttiu, 'I fall.' Prolapsus or inver- 
 sion of the vagina. ' 
 
 KYTTARRHA'GIA, from kuttojiov, < an al- 
 veolus,' and qrff\uu.i; 'I break forth.' Dis- 
 charge of blood from an alveolus. 
 
 L. 
 
 ■XABARIUM, from lahi, 'to fall.' Loose- 
 ness of the teeth. 
 
 LABDACISMUS, Lallation. 
 
 LABDAMEN, Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 
 LABE, \a^(!avcu, ' I seize,' ' I take,' ' the 
 act of grasping.' Invj^sion. Also, employed 
 to denote the first paroxysm of fevers. — GaleUj 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 LABEO, Chilon. 
 
 LABES, Chilon, Macula. 
 
 LABIA INTERNA seu MINORA, Nymphs 
 — 1. Pudendi, Lips of the vulva — 1. Padendi 
 minora, Nymphae. 
 
 LABIAL, LaUa'lis, from lalii,um,'a. lip.' 
 
 JLASIAL, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 Labial Artery. Haller and Sabatier call 
 thus the facial artery of the majority of anato- 
 mists. The labial arteries, properly so called, 
 coronary arteries of the tips, (F.) Co7-onaires 
 des livres, are two in number. The superior 
 arises fronl the facial, above, and very close to, 
 the commissure of the lips. ^It is large and 
 tortuous, and is distribjited to the upper lip. 
 The lower arises from the facial, at a considera- 
 able distance from the tommissure, and pro- 
 ceeds, in a serpentine course, into thie substance 
 of the lower lip, to which it is distributed. 
 
 Labial Glands. ' This name is given to a 
 multitude of muciparous follicles, of sbme size, 
 round, prominent, and separate from each other, 
 which are found oh the inner surface of the lips,, 
 below the mucous membrane. 
 
 Labial Veiks are distinguished, like the ar- 
 teries, into superior and inferior. Thfey open 
 into the facial vein ; — a division of the internal 
 jugular. 
 
 LABIALIS, Orbicularis oris. 
 
 LABIDOMETER, Labimeter. 
 
 LABIM'ETER, (F.) Labimitre ou Labidomi- 
 tre, from ^a/Jic, ia|*i3o5, 'forceps,' and ^etjcv, 
 ' measure.' A scale adapted to the handles of 
 the forceps, which indicates the distance of the 
 blades from each other, when applied to the 
 hea<l of the child in utefo. 
 
 LABIS, Forceps. 
 
 LABIUM, Lip — 1. Leporinum, Harelip— 1. 
 Uteri, Amphi'deum. , 
 
 LABLAB, JJqlichos lablab. 
 
 LABORANS, Sick. 
 
 LA.BORATOIBE, Laboratory. 
 
 LABORATORIUM, Laboratory— 1. Chymi- 
 cum seu pharmaceuticum, Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 LAB'ORATORY, Laborato'rium, Ergaste'- 
 rion, (F.) Laboratoire, from laborare, 'to work.' 
 A name given to any place for preparing che- 
 mical or pharmaceutical products, &c. 
 
 LABORIOSUS, Sick. 
 
 LABO'RIOUS. delivery is said, to be labo- 
 rious, i'arto laborio'sus, Mogostoifia, {7.) Ac- 
 couchement laborieux, 'when attended with more 
 difficulty and suifeting than usual. With some, 
 laborious labour means one that requires the 
 use of instruments.^ ■ See Dystocia. 
 
 LABOUR, Parturition^I. DifScult, Dystocia 
 — 1. Morbid, Dystocia— ^1. Pains, see PainW — 1. 
 Premature, Of'arturition,(prematuf e) — 1. Preter- 
 natural, Metatocia, see Parturition — 1. Show, 
 see Parturition. 
 
 LABRISULCIUM, Cheilocace, Stomacace. 
 
 LABRUM, Lip— 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of 
 the brain. 
 
 LABRUSCA, Bryonia alba. 
 
 LAB/YRINTH, Labyri'^th'us, Antrum bnc- 
 eino'sum. A place, full of turnings, the exit 
 of which is not easily discoverable. Anato- 
 mists have given this name to the aggregate of 
 parts, constituting the internal eat, Labyriiith'- 
 us auris in'timce, In'iiihapars or'gani audi't^s. 
 The Labyrinth is situate between the tympa- 
 num and meatus atiditorius internus. It is com- 
 posed pf several cavities, which communicate 
 with each other in thfe dried bpne; as ihs^vesti- 
 bule, cochlea, semicircular canals, &c. It is 
 lined by periosteumj and also by a pulpy mem- 
 brahe, constituting the membranous labyrinth, 
 bji which the auditory nerve is regularly dis- 
 persed. This membrane fornas two sacs in the 
 vestibule,, called joc'cM^MS vestib'tili; &rH sae'- 
 culus, (q, V.) respectively, which reseinble in 
 shape that of the bony cavities containing them. 
 Each sac contains cEilcare'ous matter, consti- 
 tuting the Otolithes and Otoconies. When the 
 sac is laid open, upon the upper and outer part, 
 a partition appears, partaking of the nature of 
 the sac, and Jailed by Meckel, Septum vestib'' 
 uli nervo'so-membrafia'ceiim: 
 
 Labyeintb, MEMEtiANous, scB Labyrinth. 
 
 LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth— 1. Auris Inti- 
 rnae, see Labyrinth. 
 
 LAC, Milk, Lacca — 1. Ammoniaci, Mistura 
 ammoniaci — 1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amygdals 
 — 1. Asafcetidae, Mistura asafoetidae — 1. Avis, Al- 
 bumen ovi— '1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci — 1. 
 Gum, Lacca — 1. Lunae, Marga Candida — I. Ma- 
 ris, Sperm — 1. Primum Paerperae, Colostrum — 
 1. Seed, Lacca — 1. Shell, Lacca— 1. Stick, Lacca 
 — 1. Sulphuris, Sulphur praecipitatum — 1. Terras, 
 Magnesias carbonas — 1. Virginis, Virgin's milk. 
 
 LACCA; from lalkah, Arab. Gummi lacca. 
 Stick-lac, Gum- lac. Seed-lac, Shell-lac, (F.) 
 Laque. Lac is a substance formed by an in- 
 sect, and deposited on different species of trees, 
 chiefly in the East Indies,7-for example, on Cro- 
 ioM^acay^rMOT, and two species of FicuSj^Fic!** 
 religio'sa, and F. In'dica. The various kinds, 
 
LACERATION 
 
 483 
 
 LACTANS 
 
 distinguished in commerce, are stiei-lac, which 
 is the substance in its natuial state, investing 
 the small twigs of the tree ; and seed-lac, which 
 is the same broken oS. When melted, it is 
 called shell-lac. 
 
 Lac was, at one time, used in the form of 
 tincture, as a tonic and astringent ; and it still 
 forms part of particular dentifrices. 
 
 LACERA'TION, Laeera'fio, Rkegi, Rkeg'- 
 muSf Rhegma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lace- 
 rafe, 'to tear:' — Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (F.) 
 Arrachement, Vechirement, Dilacerdtion. The 
 act of tearing or rending. The breach made by 
 tearing or rending ; as a lacerated woutid. Tresis 
 vulnus lacera'tuan, Laceratu'ra, Vulnus laeera'- 
 twffi, 
 
 LACERATURA, see Laceration. 
 
 LACERTA, Lizard. 
 
 LACERTI CORDIS, Columnje carnese— 1. 
 Musculorum, Muscular fasciculi. 
 
 LACERTULI CORDIS, Coiumnae carneae. 
 
 LACERTUS, Brachium, Muscle. 
 
 LACERUM. Same etymon. Any thing 
 torn, or appearing as if torn. 
 
 Lac"eruM Foea'men ArtTE'Rius, (F.) Tro.u 
 dichire anterieur. Hiatus spheno-petf^ux, (Ch.) 
 is an irregular openings formed by the sphenoid 
 and petrous portion gf the temporal bone. This 
 foramen transmits the third, fourth, and sixth 
 pairs of nerves and the :first branch of the fifth 
 pair to the eye and its appendages. 
 
 Laceeum Foramen PoSte'rixis, Foramen 
 jugula/rc, F. laterum in Basi Cra'nii, (F.) 
 Trou dechiri posterieur, JSititus occipito-pe- 
 treux, (Ch.) is formed by the occipital bone, 
 and the inferior edge of the petrous portion of 
 the temporal bone. Through it, the internal 
 jugular vein, the eighth pair of nerves, and ac- 
 cessory nerve pass out of the cranium. 
 
 LACHESIS PICT A, see Arrow-poison. 
 
 Lachesis Rhombea't'a, Flamwwn. A poi- 
 sonous serpent common in the lower forests of 
 Pern. 
 
 LACHRYMA, Tear; see, afso, Vitis vinifera. 
 
 LACH'RYMAL, Lacryma'lis, from lac'ryrrta, 
 ' a tear.' Belonging to the tears. This epithet 
 is given to various parts. ' 
 
 Lachrymal Artery proceeds from the oph- 
 thalmic ; and distributes its principal branches 
 to the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal Canal or Dbot, Nasal Candl 
 or duct, Cana'lis lacryma'lis, Canalis or'hitce 
 nas&'lis. Ductus n&Salis orbitae, Cana'lis sacci 
 lacry'maHis, Ductus ad Nasum, is formed by 
 the superior ma,xillary bone, os unguis, and os 
 turbinatum inferilis j and is seated in the outer 
 paries of the nasal fossse. It is lined by a pro- 
 longation of the mucous membrane of the lach- 
 rymal sac ; and its inferior orifice is furnished 
 with a valvular dupUcature. Thisiduct trans- 
 mits the tears, which have been absorbed at the 
 great angle of the eye by the puncta lacrymalia, 
 into the nasal fossae. 
 
 Lach'rymal CaSunole, see Carune^ili laery- 
 malis. 
 
 Lachrymal 'Foss,A,FossaseuFo''«ea lacryma'- 
 lis, is a slight depression at the upper part of 
 the orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland. 
 
 Lachrymal i Gland, Glan'dula lacrymxt'lis 
 seu innomina'ta Gale/ni, is seated in a de- 
 pression of the frontal bone at' the upper, 
 anterior, and outer part of that orbit. . It is of 
 about the size of an almond : and of an oval 
 
 shape, flattened above and below: — its great 
 diameter being the antero-posterior. It is 
 composed of several small lobuleS, united by 
 cellular tissue, and separated by it as well aS 
 by vessels and nerves which creep in the inter- 
 vals. This gland has seven or eight excretory 
 ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid. Its 
 nse is to secrete the tears, and pour them on the 
 globe of the eye by the excretory ducts. 
 
 Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gouttiire lacry- 
 male, is the bony channel, which lodges the 
 lachrymal sac. It is seated at the anterior and 
 inner part of the orbit, and is formed by the os 
 unguis and the ascending process of the upper 
 jaw bone. 
 
 Lachrymal Hernia,' Lachrymal Tumour, 
 Her'nia Sacci Lacryma'lis, is when the tears 
 enter the puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, 
 and accumulate. By Anel, this was called 
 Dropsy of the Lachrymal Sac, 
 
 Lachrymal Nerve is the smallest of the 
 three branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve. 
 It is distributed, particularly to the lachrymal 
 gland and to the upper eyelid; In its course it 
 gives oflF a spheno-maxillary and a malar fila- 
 ment. 
 
 Lachrymal Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta. 
 
 Lachrymal Pj^ssases, VicB lacryma'les', (F.) 
 Voies lacrymales. The organs concerned in the 
 secretion of tears, in spreading them over the 
 eye, and taking them up again to transmit them 
 into the nasal fossffi. The lachrymal passages 
 are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle, 
 puncta, ducts, lachrymal sac, and nasal duct. 
 
 Lachrymal Puncta, Flmcta Lacryma'lia, 
 Spird/m'ind, Palpehra'rum, (F.) Points Idcry- 
 maux, are two small, round, and contractile 
 openings, situate in the centre of a tubercle 
 or papilla. Papilla lachrymaHis, Tuher'culum. 
 Idchryma'le, about a line and .a half distant 
 from the inner commissure, of the eyelids, and 
 continuous with the lachrymal dtlets. These 
 ducts, llaeryma'les Cqmalic'vli, Cana'les seu 
 Ductus lacryma'les. Ductus lacrymales latera'- 
 les, D, puncto'rum lacryma'liitm, Cor'nua lac- 
 ryma'lia seu lima'cum, Collid'ice puncto'rum 
 lacryma'lium, Canalic'uli lima'cwm, Cornua 
 Lima'cum, (F.) Conduits lacrymaux, are two 
 in number — a sv,perior and an inferior — which 
 extend from the puncta to the lachrymal sac. 
 They seem formed by a very delicate prolon- 
 gation of the conjunctiva, which is continuous 
 with the mucous membrane of the. lachrymal 
 sac, (F.) Reservoir des larmes :—^the Saccus 
 seu. Sinus seu Lacus lacryma'lis, Dacryocys*- 
 tis, Infundib'ulum lacryma'le, Saccus lacry~ 
 
 a' lis. 
 
 L ACHRYM alTubercle, sceLaohry mal puncta. 
 
 Lachrymal Veins accompany the artery of 
 the same name, and open into the ophthalmic 
 and palpebral veins. 
 
 LACHRYMA'TIO, Epiphora. Also, a pro- 
 fuse secretion of tears from any cause : — weep- 
 ing, Fletus, Plora'tio, Flora'tus. 
 
 LACINI^ TUBARUM FALLOPII, see 
 Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 LACIS, Plexus. 
 
 LACMUS TINCTORIUS, Lichen roccella. 
 
 LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove. 
 
 LACQ, Laqueus. 
 
 LACRUMA, Tear. 
 
 LACRYMA, Tear. 
 
 LACTANS, Nurse. 
 
LACTATION 
 
 484 
 
 LiEMOSTENOSIS SCIRRHOSA 
 
 LACTA'TION, Lacta'Ho, Thela'Hs, The- 
 Itts'mus, from lacteo, {lac, 'milk,') 'I suckle,' 
 ' I give milk.' Suckling: — the giving of 
 such, (F.) Allaitement. The French have 
 four varieties of lactation. 1 . Allaitement ma- 
 ternel— Maternal Lactation, virhen the mother 
 suckles the child. 2. A. etranger mercenaire, 
 — v>rhen another suckles it. 3. A. artificiel, 
 when the child is hrought up hy hand. i. A. 
 animal, when the child ia suckled by an animal. 
 
 LACTEALS, Chyliferous vessels. 
 
 LACTENS, Sucking child. 
 
 LACTES, Mesfentery, Pancreas. 
 
 LACTEUS, Lactic. 
 
 LACTIC, Xoc'fe«J, G-alac'ticus, Galac'tinus, 
 miliy, from lac, 'milk.' Appertaining to 
 milk. 
 
 Lactic Acid, Ac"idum Lac'teum, Acid of 
 milk', Acidum Laetis, (F.) Acide Lactigue, 
 This has been recommended as a therapeutical 
 agent in atonic dyspepsia, owing to its being 
 presumed to be one of the 'gastric acids secreted 
 in health. It is given either in the form of le- 
 monade or of lozenges. The acid is obtained 
 either from milk or from the juice of the red 
 beet. 
 
 LACTICA, Typhoid. 
 
 LACTICANS, Nurse. 
 
 LACTICINIA, Parotid. 
 
 LACTIFkRE, Lactiferous. 
 
 LACTIF'EROUS, Galactoph'orous, Lac'ti- 
 fer, (-F.) Lactifire, from lac, 'milk,' and fero, 
 'I carry.' Milk-conveying. 
 
 Lactiferous Vessels, Lactiferous. Ducts, 
 Tub'uli lactiferi vel Ductus lactiferi sen lac'- 
 tea, (F.) Vaisseaux ou conduits lactifiresj axe 
 the excretory ducts of the mammary gland. 
 
 Lactiferous or Lacteal Swelling. A tu- 
 mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley 
 Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk 
 in one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of 
 chronic inflammation of the tube near the nip- 
 ple, with closure of its aperture, and oblitera- 
 tion of the canal for an inch or more. The tube 
 requires.to be punctured. 
 
 LACTIF'UGA, iarti/TK^-e, from ^ac,' milk,' 
 and fugo, ' 1 drive away.' Medicines iWhiqh 
 dispel milk. 
 
 LACTIGO; Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 LACTIN'IA, from lac, 'milk.' Food pre- 
 pared with milk. 
 
 LACTIPOTOJl, Galaetopotes. 
 
 LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galactia--1. 
 Eetentio, Galactischesis — 1. Saiiguinolenti 
 Excretio, Galactohaemia. 
 
 LACTISUGIUM, Antlia lactea. 
 
 LACTIVORUS, Galactophagous. 
 
 LACTOMETER, Galactometer. 
 
 LACTU'CA, from lac, 'milk;' so called, 
 from its milky juice. Lacttica Sati'va, Lettuce, 
 Garden Lettuce, Eunu'chium Meco'nis, Thri- 
 dax, Cherbas, (F.) Laitue ordinaire, is used as a 
 ■wholesome salad. The seeds possess a quan- 
 tity of oil, which, when formed into an emul- 
 sion, has been advised in ardor urinse, &c. 
 
 The inspissated juice!, Lactuca'rium, Thrid'- 
 aci, resembles, in odour and appearance, that 
 of opium, and is, like it, narcotic, but uncer- 
 tain. Dose, gr. j to x and more. 
 
 Lactuca Elongata, see L. virosa — 1. Gra- 
 veolens, L. virosa — 1. Sylvestris, L. scariola. 
 
 Lactuca Soaei'ola, L. Sylves'tris, Scariola, 
 (F.) Laitue Scariole, L. Sauvagei possesses a 
 
 stronger degree of bitterness than L. sativa. 
 It has similair virtues with the next. 
 
 Lactuca Viro'sa, J*, gr'aveolens. Strong* 
 scented Lettiice, (F.) Laitue vireuse. The odour 
 of this plaht, the leaves of which aie used in 
 medicine, is strongly narcotic, and the taste bit- 
 ter. They are narpotic, diureticj and aperient; 
 and have been used indropsies. Lactu'ca elon- 
 ga'ta, or Wild Lettuce of the United States, 
 has been enlpldyed for L. virosa. 
 
 LACTUCIMEN, Aphthce. 
 
 LACTUCIMINA, Aphthae. 
 
 LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis. 
 
 LACTUMINA, Aphthse. 
 
 L ACU'NA, froin lacus, 'a lake or deep ditch.' 
 A Fossa or Ditch. Anatomists have given this 
 name to small cavities in the mucous mem- 
 branes," the parietes of which secrete a viscid 
 humour. Certain lacunae are but the excretory 
 Orifices of mucous crypts. They are very visi- 
 ble in the rectum, vagina, urethra, &c. Some- 
 times lacuna is used synonymously with crypt. 
 
 Lacuna, Crypta, Fontanella: — 1. Cerebri, In- 
 fundibulum of the, brain, Pituitary,gland. 
 
 Lacuna seu Sulcus seu Sul'culps Labu 
 SuPERiORis, .Amab'ilS, Amato-'rium, PMltrum., 
 Fhile'trum. The hollow of the upper lip under 
 the nose. ■ 
 
 ■ LACUNA GRAAF1A'NM,L.muco' see vul- 
 va. The mucous follicles of the vagina. 
 
 Lacuna Mucosa Vulvm. L. Graafianae — 1. 
 Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of. 
 
 LACU'NAR, La'quear, 'an arched roof.' 
 The roof of a chamber. Hence, - 
 . Lacu'nar OR'EiTiE. ;The roof of theorbit. 
 
 Lacunar. Venteiouli Quarti, Superior, 
 Valvula Vieussemi. 
 
 LACUNE DE LA LANGXTE, Csecum 
 foramen. 
 
 LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac. 
 
 Lacus Lacryma'rum. A small space in the 
 inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards 
 which the tears flow, and at which the triangu- 
 lar canal, formed between the closed lids termi- 
 nates. 
 
 LADA, Piper nigrum; 
 
 LADANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
 
 LADENDO, Influenza. 
 
 LADIES' MANTLE, Alchemilla. 
 
 LADIES' SLIPPER, YELLOW, Gypripe- 
 dium luteum. 
 
 LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine pratensis. 
 
 LADil.ERlE{V.),iTom \a,Ssoi, ' deformed.' 
 (F.) Leprdserie, Maladrerie. A vulgar name 
 for elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital 
 for the reception of the leprous, Leprosa'rium, 
 Domus leprosd'ria. 
 
 LADYBIRD, Coccinella septenipunctata. 
 
 LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 
 LADYCOW, Coccinella septempunctata. 
 
 LADY CRESPIGNY'S PILLS; see Pilute 
 Aloes et Kinae Kinae. 
 
 LADY HESKETH'S PILLS, see Pilulae 
 Aloes et Kinae Kinae. 
 
 LADY WEBSTER'S PILLS, see Pilulse 
 Aloes et Kinae Kinae. 
 
 LjEMOS, Pharynx. 
 
 L^MOSCIR'RHUS, Cancer pharyn'gis et 
 asoph'agi, Lamosteno'sis seu Dyspha'gia scir- 
 rho'sa; from xai^ot, 'the pharynx or CESophagus.' 
 Cancer of the pharynx or oesophagus. 
 
 LjEMOSTENOSIS SCIRRHOSA, Laemo- 
 scirrhus. 
 
L^SIO 
 
 485 
 
 LANCE DE MAXmiCEAV 
 
 LJESIO, Lesion. 
 
 LjETIFICAN'TIA,fromZ««j;J<!o,(i«««s,and 
 fifeio,) ' I make glad.' Medicines formerly used 
 as cordial's, in depression of spirits, &c. 
 LiEVIGATlO, Levigation. 
 LiEVlTAS INTESTINORUM, Lientery. 
 LAGENTOMUM, Harelip. 
 LAGNKA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
 LAGNESIS, I'uror Foemininus, Nymphoma- 
 nia— 1. Fnror masculinus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci- 
 tas, Satyriasis. 
 
 LAGNEUMA, Coition, Sperm. 
 LAGNIA, Satyriasis. 
 
 LAGNOSIS, Satyriasis. 
 
 LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip. 
 
 LAGONES, Flanks. 
 
 LAGONOPONOS, Pleurodynia. 
 
 LAGONTOMUM, Harelip. 
 
 LAGOPHTHAL'MIA, from A«>of, 'a hare,' 
 and p95^a^|Kos, 'an eye.' Lagophthal'tnus, 
 Hare's Eye; Leperi'nus Oc'ulus, (F.) (Eil de 
 Lilvre. A vicious arrangement of the upper 
 eyelid, which is so retracted that it cannot co- 
 ver tke globe of the eye during sleep. It has 
 been asserted that this condition of the eye is 
 natural in the hare when asleep. 
 
 LA<30PHTHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Ge- 
 um urbanum. , 
 
 LAGOSTOMA,.HaTelip. 
 
 LAICHE, Sarsaparilla Germanica — I. dts 
 Sailes, Sarsaparilla Germanica. , 
 
 LAIT, Milk — I. Adoudssant, Lboch ex ovo — 
 I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' — I. d'Amdndes, Emul- 
 sio amygdalae — /. d'Asafastida, Mistura asafce- 
 tidae — I. de Beurre, Buttermilk-^/, de Brebis, 
 Milk, ewes' — I. Caille, Curds — L de Chivre, 
 Milk, goats' — /, £parM>he, L. ripcmdu — I. de 
 Femme, Milk, human — I. de Jument, Milk, 
 mares' — /. de Poide, see Ovum. 
 
 I^AIT RiPANDXr, (F.) Lait epaneke. A 
 popular expression in France, under which is 
 comprehended every kind, of disease (and par- 
 ticularly vague pains) occurring after delivery,; 
 all being ascribed to diffusion or deposition of 
 milk. 
 
 LAIT DE VACSE, Milk of the cov/—l. 
 Virginal, Virgin's milk. 
 
 LAITERON BOVX, Sonchus oleraceus. 
 
 LAITIAT, (F.) ,Sbur whey, in which dif- 
 ferent wild fruits have been macerated. Said 
 to be much used in the Jura as a refreshing 
 drink. 
 
 LAITVE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce—/. Sau- 
 vage, -Lactuca scariola — /. Scariole, Lactuca 
 scariola — l, Vireuse, Lactuca virosa. 
 
 LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 LALIA, Voice, articulated. 
 
 LALLA'TION, Lalla'tio, Lamhdacis'mus, 
 Lahdaeis'mus, Lul'laby speech. Sauvages uses 
 this term for a vicious pronunciation, in which 
 the letter L. is improperly doubled, or softened, 
 or substitute^ for R. - 
 
 LAMAC, Acaciae gummi. 
 
 LAMBDACISMUS, Lallation. 
 
 LAMBDOID, Lambdoi'ddl, Lamhdm'des, 
 Ziomido'des, Lamhdoideus, from the Greek let- 
 ter A, IdLfi^dit, and iiSat ' shape,' ' resemblance,.- 
 Anatomists have given the name Lambdoidai, 
 Suture, Sutu'ra Lambdoida'lis seu lamibdoides 
 Beu lamhdoidea, S. Prora to the suture, formed 
 by the parietal bones and the occipital, be- 
 cause it resetnbles the letter A, lambda, of the 
 
 Greeks. It is the Occipito-pAnetal suture — 
 Suture occipitale, (Ch.) In this suture, the ossa 
 Wormiana are most frequently met with; and 
 the denticulations are most distinctly marked. 
 LAMBEAU, (F.) A Hap of flesh :— hence 
 Plates a lambeavx. Flap-wounds, — Amputation 
 a lambeaux,-^Flap operation of amputation. 
 LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos. 
 LAMBKILL, Kalmia latifoha. 
 LAME, Lamina-T-A Cornee, Taenia semicir- 
 cularis — /. Ruyschienne, Ruyschiaiia tunica. 
 LAMELLA, Lamina. 
 
 'LKM.'EL''LK^,Lamello'sus,Lam''mated,(^V.) 
 Lamelleux, Laminenx, composed of thin lami- 
 nae or leaves — as the Lamellar or laminated 
 tissue ; i. e. the cellular tissue. 
 
 LAMELLEUX, Lamellar. 
 
 LAMENESS, Claudication. 
 
 LAM'INA, Lamel'la, (F.) Lame. A thin, 
 flat part of a bone; a plate or table, as the 
 cribriform lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. 
 Lamina and Lamella are generally used syno- 
 nymously; although the latter is properly a 
 diminutive of the former. 
 
 Lamina Ce-ierosa Ossis ^Ethmoidei," see 
 Crible — 1. Medullaris triangularis cerebri, Lyra 
 — 1. Prima cutis, Epidermis. 
 
 Lamina PERiTON^sac ExteenX. The outer 
 lamina or fold of the peritonaeum. 
 • Lamina Spira'lis, Septum scalce. Septum 
 coch'lea; audito'rice. A partition between the 
 scalae of, the cochlea. The largest part of this 
 next the modiolus is formed of bone. The re- 
 mainder, or that part next the, opposite side of 
 the scalae, is composed of a cartilaginous mem- 
 brane, called, by Valsalva, Za^a Coch'leae. By 
 some anatomists, the lamina is divided into a 
 Zona as' sea, and Z. mollis . By o'thers^ it is con- 
 sidered to consist of four laminse, when ex- 
 amined with a strong glass : a Zona os'sea, next 
 to the modiolus — a,' Zona coria'cea, on the outer 
 side of this: a Zona vesicula'ris — and a Zona 
 memirana'cea, which is, perhaps, the lining 
 membrane of the cochlea. 
 
 LaminjE Spongios^e Nasi, Turbinated bones. 
 
 LAMINA'RIA DIGI-TA'TA, Tangle. One 
 of the Algte eaten in Scotland, and hawked 
 about the streets with the Pepper-dulse. 
 
 The leaf of a sea-weed — a species of Lamina- 
 ria is employed in the Himalayas under the 
 name of goitre leaf, so called because chewed 
 by the inhabitants where goitre prevails. 
 
 LAMINATEP, Lamellar. 
 
 LAMINEXTX, Lamellar. 
 
 LA<lVniTM ALBUM, Urti'ca mor'iua, Ga- 
 hop' sis Archangel'ica, Dead Nettle, White 
 Arch'angel Nettle, (F.) Ortie blanche, Ortie 
 morte. Infusions of this plant have been recorn- 
 mended in uterine hemorrhage, and leucorrhcea. 
 It is not used. 
 
 Lamium Montanum, Melittis melissophyl- 
 lum — 1. Rubrum, Galeopsis. 
 
 LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 These thermalisprings are in the department of 
 Isere; France. Temperature, 184°. 
 
 LAMPOURDE, Xanthium. 
 
 LAMPROPHO'NUS, from M/t-'^^oi, ' clear,' 
 and (pmtrj, 'voice.' One who has a clear voice. 
 
 LAMPSANA, Lapsana. 
 
 LAMPYRIS, Cicindela. 
 
 LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 LANCE DE MAURICEAU, (F.) An in- 
 
LANCEOLA 
 
 486 
 
 LAPIS 
 
 strument invented by Mauriceau for, perforating 
 the head of the fcEtuSv A perforator'. 
 LANCEOLA, Lancet. 
 
 LANCET, Lance' pla, Lamoelftei, Schaste'ridn, 
 Sealprum chiritr'gicum, (F,) Lanoette, — diminu- 
 tive of laneepif 'a lance.' A surgical instru- 
 ment, used in the operation of phlebotomy. It 
 is composed of two parts, the handle, (F.) 
 Chasse, and the blade, (F.) Lame. The former 
 is made of two small plates of ivory, bone, or 
 shell, moveable on the blade for whose preser- 
 vation they are intended. The blade is' formed 
 of well polished steel. Lancets are made of 
 different shapes;, some being broad-shouldered 
 —others, spear-pointed. The French distin- 
 guish three kinds': 1, Lancette a grain d'orge, 
 which on account of the almost oval shape of 
 its point malces a large opening. • 2. Jhe ^. a 
 langue de serpent, which is Very narrow towards 
 the point; and, 3. The L. a grain d'avoine, 
 which holds a medium station bet-ween the two 
 former, and is generally preferred. 
 . The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet 
 for the purpose of opening abscesses. 
 LANCETTA, Lancet. 
 LANCETTJE, Lancet. 
 LANGETTIBR, (F.) A lancet case. 
 LANCINANTi Lancinating. 
 LAN'CINATING, Lan'cinans, from land- 
 nare, (lancea, 'a lance,') ' to strike or thrust 
 through.' (F.) Lancinamt, (^sahstuntive Mlance- 
 ment.) A, species of pain, which consists in 
 lancinations or shootings, similar to those that 
 would be produced by the introduction of a 
 sharp instrument into the suffering part. It is 
 especially in cancer that this kind of pain is 
 felt. 
 
 LAND'S END, CLIMATE OF. The cli- 
 mate of the Land's End, in England, resembles 
 that of the south of Devonshire, but is more 
 relaxing. It is considered to be most likely to 
 prove beneficial in. consumptive cases, in which 
 the disease is acconipanied by an irritated state 
 of the pulmonary mucous jnembrane, producing 
 a dry cough. Where the system is relaxed, 
 and the secretion from the lungs considerable, 
 the climate, it is conceived, will generally prove 
 injurious.. As a brumal retreat, the southern 
 coast of Devonshire would seem to be prefera- 
 ble to it. 
 
 LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF.— 
 Acidulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in the 
 depeirtment of Haute-Loire, France. They are 
 employed as refrigerant, aperient, and diuretic. 
 They contain carbonic acid, carbonates of soda 
 and magnesia, and a little iron. 
 
 LAN'GII AQUA EPILEP'TICA, Epilep'tic 
 Water of Langius, formerly employed against 
 epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of 
 convallaria and lai^ender^ Spanish wi^ie^ ein- 
 na/mon, nutmeg, mistletoe, peony and dittany 
 roots, long pepper, cwbebs,andrasemary Jlowers. 
 LANGUE, Tongue — I. Abaisseur de la, Glos- 
 socatochus — I. de Carpe, see Lever — /. de Cerf, " 
 Asplenium gcolopendrium— /. de Chien, Cyno- 
 glossum — /. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulga- 
 tum. 
 LANGUEtm, Languor. 
 LANGUOR, Aph'esis, (F.) Lamgueur. A 
 species of atony, depression, or debility, which 
 generally comes on slowly. 
 
 LANTA'NA, Sage Tree, Blaeberry, (F.)Cail- 
 leau. The leaves of this indigenous plant form a 
 
 fine-scented tea like L. Camara or Bahama Tea; 
 and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea. The tea is 
 used as a diaphoretic 
 
 LANU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from Zona, 
 ' Wool.' The soft fine hair on different parts of 
 the body, e'specjally of the young. 
 
 Lanugo Prima, Geneias — 1. Pudendorum, 
 Pubes — 1. .Siliquas hirsutse, see Dolichos pru- 
 riens. 
 LANUVIUM, Vulva. 
 
 LAONI'CA CURA'TIO seu CURA. A 
 mode of treating the gout, which consisted in 
 the employment of local applications, proper 
 for evacuating th'e morbific matter. (?) 
 LAOS, Tin. ' 
 
 LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
 LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi. 
 LAPAROCE'LE, from xcLnaqa, ' the lunAar 
 region,' sindrxijii,' rupture:' Lumbar Hernia, 
 through a -separation of the fibres oi the quad- 
 ratus lumborum, and a protrusion of the apo- 
 neurosis of the transverse muscle, on the out- 
 side of the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis 
 and longissimus dorsi.-i-Cloquet. ' 
 LAPA^OCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
 LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Oasarean Sec- 
 tion. 
 
 LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMy,LapVo-e»*ero- 
 tom'ia; from Xavx^a, the 'lumbar region,' the 
 'abdomen;' iynqov, ' intestine,' and to/ii), 'in- 
 cision.' The operation of opening the abdomen 
 and intestinal canal, for the removal of disease. 
 LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia. 
 LAPAROTOMY, see Gastrotomy. 
 iLAPATHOS, Rumex acutus— 1. Aquaticum, 
 Rumex hydrolapathum— ^1. Chinense, Rheum — 
 1. Orientale, Rheum — 1. Sanguineum, Rumex 
 sanguineus — 1. Unctuosqm, Chenopodium bo- 
 nus Henricus. 
 LAPE,Mucus. 
 
 LAPIDIL'LUM, from La.pis, 'a stone.' 
 Blasius has given this name to a kind of scoop, 
 used, in his time, for extracting stone from the 
 blajdder. 
 LAPILLATIO, Lithia. 
 LAPILLI GLANDUL/E PINEALIS, see 
 Pineal gland. 
 
 LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of Lapis, 'a stone.' 
 A small stone ; gravel ; a grain of sand. 
 
 LAPIS, Calculus— 1. Accipitrum, Hieracites 
 — 1. Aerosus, Caiamina — 1. Ammoniaci, see 
 Ammoniac gum^ — 1.' Animalis, Blood — 1. Ar- 
 menius, Melochites — 1. Aureus, Urine— 1. Bezo- 
 ardicus,Bezoar— 1. Csruleus, Onpri sulphas — 
 1. Calaminaris, Caiamina — 1. Carneolus, Corne- 
 lian — 1. Causticus, Potassa cum calce — 1. Caus- 
 ticus, Potassa fusa — 1. Collymus, Elites — 1. 
 Contrayervae, Pulvis contreiyervie compositus 
 — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli. 
 
 Lapis DivI'kus, L. Ophthal'mieus sea Oph- 
 thal'micus St. IvesU. (Cupri sulphat., alumin. 
 Potass, nitrat. aa ,^j . Melt together, adding at 
 the end Camphor jjs.) Employed to make an 
 eye-water, gij ad Aqiice giv. 
 . Lapis Fulmineus, Ceraunion — 1. Hematites, 
 Haematites— 1. Heracleus,Magnet— 1. Infernalis, 
 Argenti nitras— 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa 
 fusa— 1. Infernalis sive septieus, Potassa cum 
 calce— 1. Judaicus, Judseus (lapis.) 
 
 Lapis L az'uli, Lapis Cy'anus, Asulci, Laz'- 
 ulite, (F.) Pierre -d'azwr, Ouiremer. A stone, 
 of a beautiful blue' colour : opake : and close- 
 grained ; fracture, dull. It is composed of silex ; 
 
LAPPA 
 
 487 
 
 LARYNGITIS 
 
 aluminej carbonate and sulphate of lime; oxide 
 of iron, and water. It was formerly looked upon 
 as a purgative and emetic, and given in epi- 
 lepsy. 
 
 Lapis Malccen^is, Bezoard of the Indian 
 porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthal- 
 micus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, 
 L. Divinus — 1. Phoenicites, Judaeus (lapis) — 1. 
 Porcinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1. 
 Prunellse, PotasstB nitras fusus sulphatis pau- 
 cillo mixtus — 1. Sardius, Cornelian—l. Septicus, 
 Causticuiri commone-^1. Septicus, Potassafusa 
 —1. Specularis, S. lucidum— 1. Syderitis, Mag- 
 net — 1. Syriacus, Judaeus (lapis)— 1. Vini, Po- 
 tass8B supertartras impurus. 
 
 LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galiurh aparine, Lip- 
 pitudo — 1. Minor, Xanthiam. - i 
 
 LAPPULA HEPATIC A, Agrimony. 
 
 LAPSA'NA, hunvfsa'na, Na'jdnm, Papilla'- 
 ris herba, Doci-cresses, Nipple-Wort, ( F. ) 
 Lampscme, Herbe aux Mamellest This plant is 
 a. lactescent bitter. It has heea chiefly em- 
 ployed, however, as an external application to 
 sore nipples, &c. 
 
 LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia. 
 
 LAQ, Laqueus. 
 
 LAQUE, Lacca. 
 
 LAQ0EAR, Lacunar. 
 
 La'queah. Vasi'NjE, Fundus Vagina. The 
 part of the vagina in which the cervix uteri ter- 
 minates. 
 
 LA'QUEtrS, Funis. A cord, ligature or 
 bandage, with running knots; — a Noose, a loop, 
 Brochos, Pach'etos, (F.) Laq ou Laeq. The 
 term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any 
 kind, attached' by means of a loop upon any 
 part, with the view of 'fixing it; as in certain 
 cases of labour, where a hand or foot presents ; 
 or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac- 
 tures. 
 
 Laqueus Gut'tueis, 'Noose of the throat.' 
 Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which 
 the patient appears as if sufibcated by a'noose. 
 According to some, gangrenous cyhanche. 
 
 LARCH, Pinus larix. 
 
 LARD, Adeps suilla. 
 
 LAB-DACi, Lardaceous. 
 
 LARDA'CEOUS,! Larda'ceus, Lar'deus, 
 Lard'iform, Lardifor'mis, (F.) Lardace ; from 
 lardum, 'lar4,' the fat of bacon. An epithet 
 given to, certain organic alterations in the tex- 
 tures, wbosp aspect and consistence resemble 
 lard. 
 
 LARDEUS, Lardaceous. 
 
 LARDIFORM, Lardaceous. 
 
 LARGE, Broad. 
 
 LARIX, Pinus larix. 
 
 LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium 
 consolida. 
 
 LARME, Tear. 
 
 LAB.MOIEMENT-, Epiphora. 
 
 LA-ROCHE POSAY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Simple sulphurous waters in the depart- 
 ment of 'Vienne, France. 
 
 LARVA, Mask. 
 
 LARYNGS,, Laryngeal. 
 
 LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'us, (F.) Lmynge, 
 Laryngien. Same etymon' as Laeynx. That 
 which belongs to the larynx. 
 
 L akTngeal Arteries are given off" from the 
 thyroid arteries. 
 
 f IiAEYK(SEAL Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Larynges, 
 are two in number; — a superior and inferior. 
 
 The superior laryngeal nerve is given off" from 
 the trunk of the pneumogastric, at the upper 
 and deep part of the neck. It passes down- 
 wards and, inwards, behind the internal carotid 
 artery, and divides into two secondary branches ; 
 the one, external, which distributes its filaments, 
 on the outside of the larynx, to the sterho-thy- 
 roid, hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior, crico- 
 thyroid muscles, &c. The other, the internal, 
 which crosses the thyro-hyoid membrane, and 
 gives filaments to the epiglottis, the ihucous 
 membranes of the pharynx and larynx, to the 
 arytenoid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid 
 muscles, and jiltimately anastomoses with the 
 inferipr laryngeal nerve. The inferior laryn- 
 geal nerves or recur'rents, Nervi reversi'vi, Ra- 
 meaux 2V<i!(;l4e'a«(a:(Chaus.,)arise from the trunk 
 of the pneumogastric within.the thorax. They 
 ascend in the furrow, which separates the tra- 
 chea from the (esophagus, to be distributed on 
 the neck, after having been reflected; — the left 
 around the arch of the aorta; the rightj around 
 the corresponding subclavian.' They send off 
 filaments to the cardiac plexuses ; to the pari- 
 etes of the oesophagus, and trachea ; to th? thy- 
 roid gland : to the inferior constrictoi; of the 
 pharynx ; the posterior and lateral crico-aryte- 
 noid and thyro-arytenoid muscles ; and. to the 
 mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. 
 
 Larynseal Phthisis, Phthisis laryngeal^l. 
 Sound, Laryngeche. 
 
 Laryngeal Veins open into the internal 
 jugular. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to 
 the superior thyroid artery. 
 
 Laryngeal Voice, see Voice. 
 
 LARYNGE'CHEjfrom Xa^v^^,' the larynx,' 
 and n^ri orua^o'?, 'sound.' The laryngeal sound 
 heard by the stethoscope during breathing and 
 speaking. 
 
 iiliSrJvejEiv; Laryngeal. 
 
 LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma 
 thymicum. 
 
 , LARTNGITE, Laryngitis— ;. Muqueuse, 
 Laryngitis (simple) — 1. CEdemateuse, ffldema 
 of the glottis-^/, (Edemateu-se et ser&-puru- 
 lente, (Edema of the glottis — I, avec Prodtictioa 
 de Fausses membranes, Cyri^nche trachealis^— /. 
 Pseudo-memlraneuse, Cynanche trachealia — I. 
 avec Secretion, de Pus, Phthisis laryngea — /. 
 Sus-'glottique, (Edema rf the glottis — I. Stri- 
 duleuse. Asthma thymicum — I. Saus-muqueus^, 
 (Edema of the glottis. 
 
 LARYNGITIS, from Larynx, and itis, a 
 suffix denoting inflammation ; Inflamma'fio La- 
 ryn'gis, Cynanche larynge'a, Angi'na laryn- 
 gea, (F .^y iar^ngite, Ciftarrhe laryngien, An- 
 eine larynge, Inflamvnation of the Larynx. 
 This disease, in some measure, resembles croup; 
 but is usually devoid of that peculiar sonorous 
 inspiration, which attends the latter. There 
 is, alsoj pain upoji pressing ihe larynx; and, 
 whilst laryngitis is a disease of more advanced 
 life, croup attacks children. The membrani- 
 form exudation is, also, absent ; probably; be- 
 cause the inflammation, being seated above the 
 glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily expec- 
 torated. It requires the most active treat- 
 ment. 
 
 Simple Laryngitis is called by^ome mucous 
 Laryngitis,Laryngitis ac2i'ta,L.muco'sa acuta, 
 (F.) Laryngite muqueuse, to distinguish it from 
 submucous Laryngitis or (Edema Of the glot- 
 tis. 
 
LARYNGOCACE 
 
 488 
 
 LATEEITlOUS 
 
 Chronic Laryngitis ia geneWly regarded as 
 synonymous with laryngeal phthisis; but it 
 may exist independently. 
 
 Xakyngitis AcnTA, Laryngitis — 1. Chronic, 
 see Phthisis Laryngeal— 1. Mucosa acuta, La- 
 ryngitis — 1. Mucous, Laryngitis (gihiple)— 1. 
 OEdematous, CEdemaof the glottis — 1. Seropuru- 
 lenta, (Edema glottidis^l. Suhmucous, (Edema 
 of the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica, see 
 Phthisis laryngea — 1. et Tracheitis! infantilis, 
 Cynanche trachealis. ' ' ' "• 
 
 LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis. ' 
 
 LARYNGO-C ATAR'RHUS, Catarrhus La- 
 ryngeus et trachea'lis. Catarrh affecting the 
 larynx and trachea more especially, as indicated 
 hy alteration of the voice — ^hoarseness — itching 
 and sensation of hurning in those. parts; short 
 cough and expectoration, &e. 
 
 L ARYNGO - ET - TEACHEO - PHTHISIS, 
 Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYNG06' RAPHY, Laryngogrq,'phia; 
 from Auju^l, 'the larynx,' and yja^jjj'a de- 
 scription.' , An anatorhical description of the 
 larynx. 
 
 LARYNG()L'OGY, from }.n^vy%, 'the la- 
 rynx,' and Aoj-oc, ' treatise.' A treatise on the 
 larynx. 
 
 LARYNGOPH'ONY, TracKioph'ony, I,aryn- 
 ge'al voice. Tracheal voice ; from La/rynX) and 
 9»»7), ' voice.' The sound heard in health, 
 ■yphen the stethoscope is placed over the larynx 
 or trachea, 'at the time a person speaks. The 
 voice appears to pass immediately up to the ear 
 of the auscultator. A similar 'physical sign 
 exists when there is a cavity in the lungs, and 
 the instrument is placed over it whilst the pa- 
 tient speaks. See Pectoriloquy. 
 
 LARYNGOPHTHISIS, Phthisis laryngea. 
 
 LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 LARYNGOSTENO'SIS; from \aivy^„nh.6 
 larynx,' and nrevMo-if , ' contraction.' pontrac- 
 tion or narrowness of the larynx. - 
 
 LARYNGOT'OMY, Laryngotom'ia, from 
 \nqvy^, 'the larynx,' and Tf|tt»sii', 'to cut.' A 
 surgical operation, which consists in opening 
 the larynx, either to extract a foreign hody, or 
 to remedy an bhstruction of the glbttis. The 
 operation- is, sometimes, erroneously called 
 Bronchotomy and Tracheotomy, 
 
 LARYNGO-rTRACHEITlS, Cynanche tra- 
 chealis — 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda- 
 tion, Cynanche trachea'lis.' 
 
 LAR'YNX, i((gu>i, .('a 'vyhistle.') Caput 
 seu Oyer'culum ien Imt"ium seu Finis supe'rior 
 seu Ter'mintis. stiperior seu Pars primi as'perce 
 arte'ricB. "the apparatus of voice is situate at 
 the superior and anterior part of the neck ; and at 
 the top of the trachea, with which it communi- 
 cates. It is composed of four cartilggesj-^the 
 thyroid, cricoid, and, two arytenoid; is moved 
 by a number of muscles, and lined by arnucous 
 membrane, having certain membranous reflec- 
 tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the 
 glottis, &c. 
 
 2. Muscles. 
 
 f Stdmo-thyroid. 
 
 \ Constrictors of the 
 "Extrinsic, < pharyns, 
 
 / AH the muades of 
 
 V the hyoid region. 
 
 f Crico- thyroid. 
 
 j Crico-arytenoid, pos- 
 
 j terior. 
 
 -, Ciycoaiytenoid, la- 
 Intrinsie, , teral> 
 
 I Thyroarytenoid. 
 
 [Arytenoid. 
 
 Farts composing th'e Labynx. 
 
 r Thyroid. 
 J Cricoid. 
 
 "S Tvco Arytenoid. 
 
 {_ Epiglottis. 
 
 CarlUages, 
 
 3. Mucous Membrane. 
 ' C Epiglottic. 
 
 4. Glfmds, .? Arytenoid. 
 
 '■ (Thyroid. 
 
 5. Menibranes, 5 J,¥'^^y°'^- 
 
 I bnoo-thyroid. 
 
 ^•^^^»-'^^"- {Tv'a^'fd.' 
 
 The vessels and nerves of the larynx are 
 called laryngeal-. 
 
 The larynx is destined to give passage to the 
 air, in the act of resjpiration, and to impress 
 upon it certain modifications, which constitute 
 voice. Its dimensions vary in different in- 
 dividuals. In men, it is always larger,, and 
 situate lower than, ii) women. 
 
 Lauthx, Pelliouiae, or Plastic Imflamma- 
 TioN , OF THE, Cynauche' trachealis. 
 
 LAS'ANUM, Sella famiUar'ica,(V.) Chaise 
 per<;ee. ' A close stool. ' ■ 
 
 LASCIVIA, Satyriasis. 
 
 LASGIVITAS, Satyriasis. 
 
 LASCIVUS, Libidinous. 
 
 LASER, Laserpitium — I. & -Larges feuillet, 
 Laperpitium latifolium. 
 
 LASERPIT"IP^M, \las«?-, SiVphium, ortof 
 iriKipiit. A term applied, anciently, both to a 
 plant and its juice, with the nature of neither 
 of Which we possess any 'precise information. 
 Bentley, Laurence, Geoffro't, Sec, regard it to 
 have been the same as asafoetidai— TheOphras- 
 tus, Dioscorides, and the ancient scholiast of 
 Aristophanes, however, by assigning a ^sweet 
 and agreeable flavour to the laserpitium, dis- 
 countenance the idea. From Whatever plant 
 obtained, it was so rare, and' consequently so 
 costly, that the. Romans deposited it in the 
 public treasury. It was obtained from Gyrene 
 — Succus Cyrena'tcus-^and likewise from Per- 
 sia — the latter being the most valuable. The 
 Laserpitium is called by Avicenna, Altihit. . 
 
 Laserpitium Latifo'lium, Gerttia'.na alba. 
 White Gentian, Cervdria alba; (F.) Laser a 
 larges feuilles. The root of this pjeint is bitter 
 and tonic. 
 
 Laserpitium Silee, Ses'eli, Silerm,onta'n<um; 
 Heart-wort, Sermountain. The seeds and roots 
 are possessed of aromatic prbperties. 
 
 LASSITUDE OCULAtRE, Cbpyopia. 
 
 LASSITUDO, Copos. • ' 
 
 LATENS IN ORE, Pterygoideus intemus. 
 
 LATENT, Lateris, bom latere, ' to lie hid.' 
 ' Lying hid,' ' concealed.' An epithet applied 
 to certain diseases or states of disease, in which 
 the symptoms are so concealed and obscure, 
 morhi occul'ti, as to escape the observation of 
 the physician. Thus, we say latetit inflammd- 
 tion, latent period of small-poXi 
 
 LATERIT'lOU'S, Laterit":ns, Laterifius, 
 from later, 'a brick.' An epithet applied to 
 the brick-like sediment, occasionally deposited 
 
LATESCENTIS CHORDS 
 
 489 
 
 LAURUS 
 
 in the orine of people afflicted with fever. 
 Sedimen'turn uri'nw laterWium. 
 
 LATESCElSfTIS CHORDS (Mnsculns), 
 Palmaiis Jongus. 
 
 LATEX NIVEUS, Milk. - 
 
 LATHYRIS, Euphorbia lathyiis. . 
 
 LATIB'ULUM,from7a<eo, 'I lie hid.'. The 
 foyer of afebrile poison ; whence it spreads to 
 every part to induce a paroxysm. See Clapier. 
 
 L'AT'ICA. Same etymon. Amphlmer'ina 
 Idt'ica of Sanvages. A species of quotidian re- 
 mittent, whbse paroxysms are very long, and 
 which is accompanied with latent heat (?) 
 whence its name.. ■ 
 
 LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculuni chyli. 
 
 LATIS'SIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides. 
 
 Xatis'simds Dorsi, Atiiscalp',tor; Brachium 
 iMvens guartus, (F.} Lojhbo-humiral, (Ch.,) 
 Dorsi-lombv-sacro-JitiMetal) Musele^g^'and dor-^ 
 sal, M. tris large du dds. A flat musdle; 
 broad^ especially, below: thinj. quadrilateral; 
 anrf situate at the posterior, lateral and inferior 
 region of the trunk. It is attached to the pos- 
 terior half of , the outer lip to the crest of the 
 ilium; to the posterior surfece of the sacrum; 
 to the spinous processes of the six or seven last 
 dorsal vertebrae, to all those of the loins, and 
 to the last four false ribs, and is inserted by a 
 strong tendon at the posterior edge of the bi- 
 ■Cipital groove of the humerus . Its upper fibres 
 are almost horizontal i the middle very long and 
 oblique upwards and outwards : and the anterior 
 almost vertical. This inuscle carries the arm 
 backwards, deplressing it, and making it turn 
 on its axis. It also'draws backwards and ({own- 
 wards the prominence of the shoulder. When, 
 suspended by an arm, we make an effort to raise 
 ourselves, it draws the trtipk towards the arm. 
 It can, also, raise the ribs l)y assuming its fixed 
 point on the hurnerus, and become an inspira- 
 tory muscle, 
 
 LATITTJDO HUMERI, Scapula. . 
 
 LATTICE WORK, Cancelli. ' : , 
 
 LATtJS, Broad— 1. Ani, Levator ani. 
 
 LAU, see Spirits ' 
 
 LAUCA'NiA, Lutca'nia, Lau'chane, from 
 jl«»», 'I enjoy,' "^ I, take.' The. fauces and 
 <Esophagus. Also, the chin. — Gorraeus. 
 
 L AUCHA NE, Laucania. 
 
 LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NIJM. Perhaps 
 from laMs, ' praise ; ' lauia'tum, ' praised.' 
 Every preparation of opium, solid or liquid, 
 but more particularly the extract and tincture, 
 and especially the latter. 
 
 Laudanum , Abba'tis Rousseau, Gutta Ai- 
 hatis Roussenu, Yinufnq!J}ia"tumfer'mentatio'ne 
 para'tum, Abb^ Rousseau's Drops. (Mel. Nar- 
 bonnens, ^xij^agua ealidaOiii. SeWn awarm 
 place, and, as soon as the mixture ferments, 
 add opium .^iv, dissolved in water, f. ^xij . Let 
 it ferment for a month, and evaporate to f. |x: 
 strain, and Sidirectified spirit of wine §ivss,) 
 
 Laudanum, FoEp's, Vinum opii — 1. Liquid, 
 ^inctura opii^.- Liquidum Hoffmanni, VinuM 
 opii — 1. Liqnidum Sydenhaini, Vinum opii — 1. 
 Opiatum, Extractum opii — 1. Simplex, Extrac- 
 tum opir. 
 
 LAUGH, Risus — 1. Sardonic, Canine laugh. 
 
 LAUGHING, Risus. 
 
 LAUGHTER, Risus. 
 
 LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia, Magnolia macro- 
 phylla — 1. Broad-leaved, Kalmia latifolia — 1. 
 32 
 
 Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus -^ 1. Common, 
 Pruinus lauTO-cerasus — 1. Dwarf, Kalmia angus- 
 tifolia — 1. Mountain, Kalmia latifolia, Rhodo- 
 dendron — 1. Narrow-leaved, Kalmia angustifo- 
 lia — 1. Poison, Prunus lauro-cerasua— :1. Rose, 
 Kalmia latifolia — 1. Sheep, Kalmia angustifo- 
 lia— 1. Swamp, Kalmia glauca— 1. Sweet, lUi- 
 cium FloridanunI — 1. Water, see Prunu? lauro- 
 cerasus — 1. White, Magnttlia glauca. 
 
 LAURENT, .SAINT,. MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. A thermal spring, five leagues 
 from Joyeuse in France. Temp. 127" Fahr, 
 
 LAUREN'TIA PINIfATIF'IDA, Pepper- 
 dulse., One of the Algro, eaten in Scotland, 
 and hawked abqnt the streets of Edinburgh 
 along witR Limiina'ria digita'ta or Tangle. 
 
 LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola. 
 
 LAURIER,.i,a.\iiMS—;l. Alexandrin, Ruscus 
 hygo^dssma^^l. Amandier, Prunus lauto-cera- 
 SHS — I. Cerise-^ Prunus lauro-cerasus — /./ Ros», 
 Nerium oleander. , , 
 
 LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
 , LAURUS, Laurus nob'ilis, Daph'nS, Sweet 
 Bay. Nat. Ord. Laurineae. .(F,) Lowner. 
 The leaves and berries have a sweet, fra- 
 grant smell, and. an aromatic, astringent taste. 
 Sweet bay has been advised as a stomachic and 
 carminative, but is now rarely used. It is, 
 sometim,e5, employed aS a fomentation and in 
 glysters; and ,the berries are an ^ ingredient in 
 the JSmplastruvl Citmini.. 
 
 Laurus AleXandkina AngsustifolIa, Rus- 
 ciis hypoglossum — 1. Camphora, see Camphor. 
 
 hwRvsS^N'^oiii,Benzc/i9iodorif«ru>m,Lau- 
 rus Pseudo-Benzoin, Spice .wooif,. Spiee bush, 
 Alispic& bush, Wild allspiee. Spice berry, ^ever 
 wood. Fever bush, An indigenous shrub, grow- 
 ing in moist, shady place's . iji all parts of the 
 United States ; flowering-early in spring. AH 
 parts of the Shrub have a spicy, agreeable fla- 
 vour, which is strongest, in the bark and ber- 
 ries. An infusion or decoction of the small 
 branches' is Used in populat practice as a ver- 
 mifuge, and agreeable drink.in low fevers. The 
 bark has been used in intermittents ; the ber- 
 ries, dried and poVvdered, for allspice. The 
 oil of the berries is used as an excitant. . 
 
 Laurus Cas'sia. The species of laiirus which 
 yields- the Cassia lig'iiea, Casia, Cassia cinna- 
 Tno'mea, Cortex Canel'la -Malotbar'tetB, Cassia 
 lighea J\Tala^ar'ica, Xylo-cassia, CanfiVlaJiTa- 
 labarica et Jai>en'sis, Caneila Ouba'fid, Afbor 
 Juda'ica, Cassia Canel'la, Canellifera Mala- 
 har'iea. Cortex cras'siar,, Cinnamo'inaim Mala- 
 bar'ieum, C. fn'dicum,, C. Sinen<sl, Calikadha 
 canel'la, WiM. Cinnamon, Malabar Cinnamon, 
 Cassia. (F.) Cannelle de Malabdr ,<yu de Java 
 oil de la Chine on de^ I/ides ou de Coromandel, 
 Cfa/usse, C. matte, Casse en bois, Casse a/ro- 
 matique.. The bark .and leaves abound with 
 the flavour of cinnamon, for which, they may be 
 substituted; but they are much weaker. The 
 unopened flower buds are used in the same 
 manner. , 
 
 Laurus Cinnamo'mumj , CinnamQ'-mum, C. 
 Zeylan'iqum, Darse'ni, Dars^'ni, Cinnamon, 
 Xylo-cinnamormtm, . Cuurdo Canel'la. (F.) 
 Cannelle, Baume de Cannelle, Cannelle offici- 
 nale. • Cinnamon bark, which is obtained also 
 from the Cinnamo'mum aromat'icum, is stimu- - 
 lant and carminative, and is employed, chiefly, 
 as a grateful aromatic, to cover the tasts of nau- 
 seous remedies. Dose, gr. x, to 9j. TheJFiow- 
 
LAXTTISSIMA VINA 
 
 490 
 
 LEATHER FLOWER 
 
 ers, called Cassise Mores in the shops, possess 
 aromatic and astringent virtues, and inay be 
 used xsherever cinnamon is required. The' vo- 
 latile oil of the b^rk — O'lewm Cinnamo'mt — Oil 
 of-Cinnamon, is officinal in the Pliarm; U. S; 
 
 Laubus Gulil'awan, Cinnamo'muTn. Culila^ 
 wari. The tree that affords Hat^drtex Culila- 
 vjan^ Culilawan, ■Culitlawan^^ Corteasj ccuryo- 
 phyllo'ides, C Ga/ryo'phyll'oides Amhoinen'sis. 
 This hark resembles the sassafras in appear- 
 ance and properties, and is used in Java as a 
 condiment. , _ ' 
 
 Lajjktjs MaiabatheuM) see Malabathrum— ^ 
 1. Npbilis, Laurus— 1. Psendobenzoin, X. Ben- 
 zoin. , ; 
 
 Laueus Sas'sAifeaS„ Sassafras, Oormis mas 
 odordta, Ankuiia, Ague- free. Indigenous in 
 thi' United States. Sassafras wood and joot, 
 and especially the bark of the root, Sassa^ps 
 Radi'eis Cortex (Ph. U.'S.) have been consi- 
 dered stimulant, sudorific- and diuretic^ The 
 virtues dep'Bnd-^ upon essential oil/ Oleum Sas- 
 safras, the odour of Which- is not unlike that of 
 fennel. , It has been used in cutanleons diseases, 
 chronic rheumatism, &c. . / 
 
 The pith of the stems-. Sassafras riieditl'la, 
 abounds in, gummy matter, which 'it readily 
 imparts to water, forming a limpid jnticilage, 
 which is. much employed, as a colly rium in 
 ophthalmia, and as a drink in dysentery, ca- 
 tarrh, &c., (on6 dram of the pith to a pint of 
 boiling waterv) . 
 
 LAUTIS'SlMA VINA. Wines were fot- 
 Wlerly so called; which were strongly impreg- 
 nated with myrrh. ' , . ; 
 
 L A VAMEJ^TTUM,' Clyster, Enema. ' 
 
 LAVANDE, Lavendula, 
 
 LAVANDULA, Lavendulai 
 , LAVEMENT, Clyster, ,Eneina— ^. Anti^ 
 spasmxiSique,'Eneib&idili^\im... , \ 
 
 LAVENDER, COMMON,Lavendula—l. Sea, 
 Statice limoninm, Sta1;ic6 Caroliniana. 
 
 LAVEN'DULA, from lavo, 'I wash;' so 
 called from being used, }n baths. Laven'dula 
 spiea, L. vera, Lavandula, (Ph. U. S.) Com^ 
 mon Lavender, (F.) Lavande, Asjde, Spic. The 
 odour of lavender flowers is fragrant and agree- 
 able ; taste, warm and bitterish — 'depending^ upon 
 an essentjil oil. It has been used as a stimu- 
 lant; particularly in the form of the oil, — 
 O'lemn laven'dulcB, ' The dried leaves have be'en 
 employed as an errhine. ' , ■ 
 
 The Erencb use the Lavendula stcechas, 
 StcBchas et Siichds AraS'iea, French Lavender, 
 of which they haV« a compound syrup, Syru'- 
 pus de stmvh'ade compos'iius : given as a pec- 
 toral. ' , 
 
 LAVER GERMANICUM, Veronica beeca- 
 bunga— 1. Odoratum, Sisymbrium' nasturtium. 
 
 L AVIPEDIUM, Pediluvium. 
 
 LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legal. 
 
 LAWSO'NIA INER'MIS, Almn/na vera, A. 
 Orienta'lis, Cyprus ' antiguo'rwm, lagus'trwm 
 ^gyptiacwm. Smooth Lawso'nia; (F.) Henne. 
 An East IiJdian and African plant, the root of 
 which is slightly astringent. 
 
 In India, the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa is 
 emplbyedjn lepraandother cutaneous affections. 
 
 LAX, Diarrhoea. 
 
 LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant. 
 
 LAX'ATIVE, LaxaWvusyLateans, Le'mens, 
 from latcare, 'trf loosen;' Minordti'vus, Solu- 
 
 ti'vus, Alvid'ucus, Hypecchoret'ious, Syptigo'- 
 _gus, Hypel'aius, Hypocathar'tieug, Lapae'ticus, 
 A medicine which generally opens the bowds; 
 such as tailriarinds, manna, &c. 
 
 LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Canibogia. 
 , LAXATOR AURIS INTERNUS, L. tym- 
 panl. 
 
 . Laxa'toe Minor Tym'PANi. A very small 
 muscle which extends from the upper part of 
 the external auditory canal, and is inserted at 
 the inferior part of the process of the handle .of 
 the malleus. Its existence is denied by most 
 anatomists. , < '' 
 
 Laxa'j'oe TrM'pAift, L. major tym'pani^^Ex- 
 tgr'nus mallei, Ante'riormaHeijiOili'qwuS aims, 
 Exfernifs auris ve\ Laieaior inter'nus, Elista! - 
 ehii mus^culus,- (F,) Anterieur du ^marteaii, 
 Spheni-salpingp-rHaltien. ' A muscle which 
 arises fronrthe spifte of the sphenoid bone and 
 from the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and 
 is inserted, by a tendon, into the apophysis of 
 Rau. It relaxes the membrana tymparii. 
 
 LAXITASj Atony— 1.. Alvi, Diarrhoea— 1. 
 Ingestorum, Lientery — 1. Intestiiiorumj Lien- 
 tery-^I. Scroti, Rhachosis~l. Ventrieuli, Gfas- 
 terasthenia. , 
 
 . 'LAX'l'TY,Lail'ti^s,Lamgss., Condition of 
 a tissue, when loose or relaSed ; or of one which 
 wantstone. We say lamsity of fibre, laxity of 
 siinj to express, thatthoseparts halve lost some 
 of the tenseness proper to them, 't • 
 
 ', LAZARET'TO, Lazaret, Lazar'-house, from 
 (I.) lazzero, 'a leper.' A solitary edifice in 
 most seaports of magnitude, intended for the 
 .disinfection of men and goods, proceeding fronn 
 places'where contagious diseiaSes are preVaiKrig. 
 
 LAZULITE, Lapi? lazuli. 
 
 LEAD, Plnmbum".^!. Blacfi, Graphites^. 
 Chloride of,.Plumbi chloridum — I. Iodide of)— 
 See Iodine — 1. Oxyd of, semi-vitrified, Plumhi 
 oxydum semivitreiim — L Red, Plumbi oxydum 
 rubrum-^1. Subcarbonate of, Plumbi superacetas 
 — 1. Superaeetate of, Plumbi supetacetas-r-l. 
 Tannate of,'see Tannin — I. White, Plumbi sub- 
 carbonas. 
 
 . LEAD-PpTSONING, Mol^ido'szs, Morlus 
 ptiim'heus, Caeoeh^m'ia 'plwm/hea, {F .yZntoxica- 
 tion saturnine. Morbid phenomena induced Jiy 
 lead received into the system. 
 
 LEADWORT, Plumbago Europaea. . 
 
 LEAF,,S0UR, Andrdmeda arborea."- 
 - LEAMINGTON.MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 Saline waters ^t Leamington, about tWo miles 
 east of Warwick, England, which qpntain chlo- 
 ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chldrides 
 of calcium and magnesium. 
 
 LeAnNESS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEAP, Sax. hlsepan, Saltus, Salit'-'io, Excd"- 
 Sis, (F.) Saut; Bound, Jtuiip,— tjie act of 
 leaping. Muscular rn^vemMit or movemehts, 
 by which the body i| detached from the soilby 
 the forcible and Sudden extension of the lower 
 limbs, previously flexed upon the pelvis. 
 
 LEAPING AGUE. This disease is said by 
 the Scotch writers to be characterized by in- 
 creased eiiiciency, but depraved direction of the 
 will, producing an irresistible propensity to 
 dance, tumble, and move about in a fanta&tic 
 manner, and often with far more than the na- 
 tural vigour, activity ;and precision ! " See Ma- 
 nia, dancing. 
 
 LEATHER FLOWER, Clematis viorna— 1. 
 Wood, Dirca palustris. 
 
LEBANON 
 
 491 
 
 LENDS 
 
 LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The spring at Letanon, 26 miles east of Albany, 
 New York, is an -almost pure thermal. Temp. 
 72° Fahr. 
 
 LECHENEION, Torcular Herophili. 
 
 LECHO, Puerpera. 
 
 LECHOPYRA, Puerperid feVer. 
 
 LB CRANr, Cbchlearia alrmoracia. 
 
 LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectus, ' a ted,' 
 and sternerBf '.to spread.' Th^e arrangement of 
 a bed so as to adapt, it to a particular disease. 
 Also, a supplication, with the Romans, in times 
 of public danger, when beds or cpuches were 
 spread for the gods, as if they were about to 
 feast, and their images were taken down from 
 their pedestals and placed upon these couches 
 around the altars. . The lecti^ter^um was first 
 introduced in the time of a pestilence. — ^Livy. 
 
 LECTUATilS, &om lectu3,<a. bed;'' An 
 epithet applied to a protracted disease. 
 
 LECTULUS, Stramineus, Paium. 
 
 LkDE SAXTVAGE, Ledum sylvestre. 
 
 LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. 
 A solution of nitrate qf lead, used' as an anti- 
 leptic and antibrbmic. 
 
 LEDUM LATIFO'LIUM, Labrador' Tea, 
 grows in damp places,, in Canada and the Unir 
 ted States. .The leaves have a pleasant odour 
 and taste, and have been used as tea. They 
 have also been esteemed pectoral and tonic. , 
 
 Leduhi Palus'tkb, 'Rosman'nus sylves'tris, 
 Antkos sylves'tris, Marfh Tea, (F.) Lide on 
 Romarin sauvqgej JVat. Ori^. EricineBe. 'Sim. 
 Syst. Decandria Mqnogynia. This plant has a 
 bitter, subastringent taste^ and was formerly 
 used in Switzerland in place of hops : the vir- 
 tues are equivocal. i 
 
 LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley, Lye. 
 
 LEECH, Hirudo. 
 
 LEEK, Allium porrum. 
 
 LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassse. 
 
 LEG, (Danish,) CTK3,'S<eelps, Cneme. The 
 portion of the lower extrepiity, which extends 
 from the knee to the foot. It coiisists of three' 
 bones; Tiiia, ^ikuld, axA. Patella, snA, also 
 of a great nuraber oft muscles, vessels, and 
 nerves. The projection, formed by thes mus- 
 cles at the back part of the leg, has received the 
 name, of Qalfof the leg. If is the special at- 
 tribute of man, and, proves thii,t he is destined 
 to be biped. 
 
 Leo, ^welled, Phlegmatia dblens — 1. Co- 
 chin, see Elepliantiasis. 
 
 LEGITIMATE, Legifimus, from le?e,legis, 
 '\ayr;' Genyi'nus, Gne'sios. An 'epithet ap- 
 plied to things which are according to ^ule. A 
 ilegitimate child, (F.) Enfant 'legitime, is one 
 igonceived or born during marriage. . Legiti- 
 mate diseases, (F.y Maladies legitimes, are those 
 whieh follow a regular march. 
 
 LEGNA, from jieypov, ' a fringed edge.' The 
 orifice 6t the' pndendum muliebre, or of the 
 uterus. , ' ■ 
 
 LEGUME, Legumen. 
 
 LEG-U'MEN, from, lego, < I gather :' (F.) 
 Idgtmie, Gousse. So called because it is usn- 
 »Uy gathered by the hand, instead of bedng 
 reaped. All kinds of pulse, as peas, beans, &c., 
 are thus termed. 
 
 LEGUMIN, Casein. 
 
 LEICHEN, Lichen. 
 
 LEI'OPUS, Li'opus, Planeus, Plautvt, Plo- 
 
 tus, from t,uoc, 'smooth,' and reot/;, ' a foot.' 
 One who is affected -withjlat-footedness, splay- 
 footedness, Leiopod'ia, Liopod'ia. One, the 
 soles of wibse feet are flat, instead of having 
 the joncavity whiC|h they commonly present. 
 
 LEIOSIS, Comminution. 
 
 LEIPHjiE'MIA, Liphsfmiee: same etymoh as 
 Leiphaemos. Poverty or paucity of blood. 
 
 LEIPafflVIOI, Achroi. 
 
 LEIPHiE'MOS, Uphof'mos, {V.)' Leiphime, 
 from Kunia, ' I want,' and '01,140, ' blood.', A 
 word sometimes used adjectively ; at others, sub- 
 stantively, either for a vicious state of the blood 
 — or' rather for a sort of anaemia^-^r for the pa- 
 tient who labours under this condition. 
 
 LEIPHkME, Leiphaemos. 
 
 LEIPO, Lipo. 
 
 LEIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
 
 'LE.IPOD'ER'MOS, Lipoder'mos, from iema, 
 ' I want,' and di^/ut, ' skin.^ One who' wants 
 a part of his skin. It is especially applied to 
 one who wants the. prepuce. See Apella and 
 Aposthia. . , 
 
 LEIPOMEKIA, Lipomeria. 
 
 LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.. 
 
 LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 , LEIPYR'IASi frbmAaa-w, ' I want,'.and tibj, 
 ' fire ' or ' heat.' A species of continued fever, 
 refe^-red to by the Greek physicians, in which 
 there is burning heat of the internal parts and 
 coldness of the ex|reinities. Avicenna de- 
 scribed, under this name,. a kind ofTiemitri- 
 taea. 
 
 LEMA, Ckassie.. 
 
 LEME, Lippitudo. 
 
 LEMlTHOCOBTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
 
 LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furftirj Sedi- 
 raentum. ' 
 
 LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent. 
 
 LEMON, GROUND, PodophyUuro monta- 
 num^. Juice, artificial, see Citrus medica-rrU 
 Peel, see' Citrus mediea — 1. Tree, Citrus medi- 
 ca — 1. 'Wild, Podophyllum mbntanum. 
 
 LEMONAPE', Limona'Jla,, (F.) Limonade. 
 Lemon juice diluted with water and sweetened^ 
 See Citrus mediea. . ': 
 
 Lemonade, Drt, (F.) Limonade ahke. Cir 
 trie or tartaric acid reduced to powder and 
 mixed with sugar. Lemonade Powders may 
 be made as fplloWs :— Pound JjJ of Mtrie aidd, 
 with a few drops of essence of temon-peel and 
 '§j or more of lump sugar. Divide into six pa- 
 pers, each bf which will. make Sglass ai lemo- 
 nade. See Citric aeid. ' ' 
 
 Limonade Gazeuse, (F.), is an agreeable 
 drink prepared by adding syrup of lemonS;, 
 raspberry, &c., to water saturated with car- 
 bonic acidi, \ 
 
 Lejkonabe, Nitkic. Nitric acid craisideraWy 
 diliited with water, and sweetened. 
 
 • Lemohabe, Sulphueic, and Lemoh ade, T*k- 
 TARic, are made with the sulphuric and tar - 
 taric^acids.^ 
 
 LEMOSITAS, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
 
 LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive. ' 
 
 LENIS, Lenitive. 
 
 LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'vus, Lents,' Len'iens-, 
 Epia'ma, Mit'igans, from leAio,. ' I assuage.* 
 A medicine, which,i^llays irritatinn or palliates 
 disease ; also, a laxative medicine. Alenitivt 
 electuary is one that purges gently. 
 
 LENOS, Torcular Herophlu. 
 
LENS 
 
 492 
 
 LEPRA 
 
 LENS, Ervum lens^. Crystalline, Crys- 
 talline. ■ ■ ■ ' . 
 
 LENTICULA. Dim.of^eM,' a lentil.' A 
 freckle. Also, the eruption of lenticular fever. 
 See Ephelides. 
 
 LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G. . 
 
 LENTICULA'BES GLAN'DUL^,£e«*ic'- 
 ular 'glands. Mucous follicles, having the 
 shape of a lentil, which are ohsfery ed especially 
 towards the base of the tongue. 
 
 LENTIGO, Ephelides. , ■ 
 
 LENTIL, Ervum lens. 
 
 ^i&fTIL'LS, Ervum lens-^^ Crystallina, 
 Crystalline-r-1. 'Ers, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 LENTIS'CINIJM VINUM. Wine impreg- 
 natted with mastich; frdm Lentiseus, 'the mas- 
 tich tree.' ' - ■ - 
 
 LENTISCUS vulgaris; Pistacia lentis- 
 eus. ' 
 
 LENTITIA, Lentor. , 
 
 LENTITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 LENTITUDO, Lentor. 
 
 LENTOR, Lentif'ia, Lentitu'do, from Imtus, 
 ' clammy.' A viscidity or siziness of any fluid. 
 See Gluten. . ' 
 
 LENUM, Torcular Herophili* 
 , LEONTI'ASIS> Le&ntion, from' itav, ' a lion.' 
 A name given to lepra 6f. the face, from some 
 fancied resemblance between the countenance 
 of thoSe labouring under it and that of the lion. 
 To this kind of lepra the epithets le'onine and 
 /e'd»«8K6 have been given. 
 
 LEON'TICE ' THALICTROIDES, Caulo- 
 phyllum thalictro'ides. 
 
 LEONTION, Leontiasjs.. ' 
 
 LEONTODON TARAX'AGUM,j7r»«aW, 
 Caput Mon'aehi, Dens lio'riis, I)&ndeli'on,Pvss- 
 orbed, Fuffball, (F.yPissenlit, Ziiand/ttk, Or- 
 der Comppsitae, The young leaves^ are some- 
 times eaten as salad. The roots are, also, 
 roasted, and lised as a substitute for coffee. 
 The root, Tatax' aeu/m, (Ph. u. S.,j is, more- 
 over, reputed to be aperient and diuretic; hence 
 its vulgar name. Its efficacy is doubtful. 
 
 LEONTOPODIUM, Alcheinilla. 
 
 LEONU'RUS, from Kim, ' & lion,' and oyj*, 
 ' a. tail.' Lion's Tail. 
 
 Leonukus Caedi'aca, Agripal'ma Gallis, 
 Martu^hiuTn, Gardi'aca crispa, Herba cardidca, 
 H, Pattz lapi'na, Motherwort-, Throativort, (F.) 
 Agripaume. Its properties are those of a nau- 
 seo,us bitter ; and hence it has been used in hys- 
 teria and other nervous affections. 
 
 Leonurds Lanatus, Ballota lanata. 
 
 LEOPARD'S-BAijIE, ROMAN, Arnica mon- 
 tana, Doroijicum pardalianches. 
 
 LEPAS, Lepis, Xina(;, gen. it.Toios; Unts, 
 gen. is7ii^o5, 'ascale.' 
 " LEPER, see Leprous. 
 
 LEPro'IUM,fromitwt?, 'asi;ale;' socklled 
 from its supposed usefulness ih elelansing.the 
 skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort. 
 
 Lepid'ium Ibe'ris, Ibe!ri^f Carddmantica, 
 Seiat'ica cresses. This plant possesses a warm, 
 penetrating, pungent taste, like other cresses, 
 and is recommended as ah aiitiscorbutic, anti- 
 septic, and stomachic. 
 
 Lepidium Sati'vum, Nastur'tiwm horteri'se, 
 Garden cress, Dittander, (P.) Cresson alenois, 
 Cresson des Jardins. This plant possesses 
 warm, stimulating properties, and is used like 
 the last. 
 
 LEPIDODES, Squamous. 
 
 LEPIDOIDES, Squamous. 
 
 LEPIDOSARCO'MA, TwOTor squdmifor'mis 
 carno'sus. A fleshy tumour, covered with 
 scales; from 'Astk^, 'a scale,' and ffa^xiujit'a, *a 
 fleshy tumodr.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus 
 describes tumours of this kind in the interior 
 of the mouth. ' ' " ' 
 
 LEPIDOSES, Scaly diseases. . 
 
 LEpipOSIS ICHTHYIASIS, Ichthyosis— 
 \. Xchthyiasi's coruigera. Horny Excrescences — 
 1. Lepriasis, Lepra— L Pityriasis, Pityriasis — 
 li Psoriasis, Fsqriasis. , ' j 
 
 LEPIRA, Lepra. . 
 , LEPIS, Scale. 
 
 LEPORINUM LABIUM, Harelip— 1. Roa- 
 trum^ Hatelip. 
 
 LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophthalmia. 
 
 LEPRA, Lepira, froni ilm;, 'a. scale.' Lt- 
 pido'sis Lepri'asiS, Lepro'si-SiLepro'sitas, Viti- 
 li'go, Zepra Gyacofrum, Herpes furfura'eeus 
 circina'tus. Leprosy, (F .) ■ Lepre, J^l Saint- 
 Main, Ldrtre furfurdcie a^rondie. This term 
 has been applied to various affections, vexy dif- 
 ferent in character. 1. To the Leprosy of the 
 Jews, Leucc,, Lcpido'sis Lepriasis cqries'cens, 
 Lepra -Mpsa'ica seu MebrceS'rum,—-af variety of 
 the At^hos or Lfpra alphoi'des. , The leuce was, 
 generally, pot spaly, but consis'ted of smooth, 
 shining patches, on which the hair turned white 
 and 6ilky, and the .skin, with the muscular flesh, 
 lost its sensibility. . It, was incurable, S. To 
 the IBXephantiasis or. Lepra of t^e ■Arabs,, see 
 ElephantiaShi; andS. To the Lepraofthe Greeks, 
 which includes all the varieties mpt with at the 
 present, day. , It is characterized by scaly patches 
 of different sizes, but having always nearly a 
 circular fbrm. Bateman and Willan describe 
 three chief varieties of this lepra. 
 
 1. Lepra alphoi'des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis aV- 
 bida, Alphos, Morpha' a .alba, Vitili'go digitus, 
 Al'baras alba, Albar.ces, ■ Albaros, Lepre ecadl- 
 leuse of Alibert, White leprosy, ' An affection, 
 characterized by vs'hite patches, >uriounded by 
 a ijose-coloured areola, which appears here and 
 there on the surface; depressed in the middle. 
 
 2. Lepra ni'gricans. Lepra melas, Vitili'go 
 tnelas, Y. ^igra, Morphs^'a nigra. Lepra jnacu- 
 io'sa nigfa, Al'baras nigra^ Melas, Lepido'sis 
 lepri'asis ni'gricans^BlacUlepri^sy; in which the 
 scales are livid; the size of half ;a dollar; and 
 diffused over the bodyj but less widely.than in 
 the Alpho'ides, The French pathologies 'usually 
 admit threei species of lepra, to Which they g'^B 
 the^ epithets scaly, (.Sguameuse,). crustaeeous, 
 (crusldcee,) and tubercular, i(*«icrcwZeMje,) ac- 
 cording as the skin may be covered with scales, 
 crusts, or tubercles. 
 
 3. Lepra vulga'Hs,Lepi4o'sis lepri'-asis vul" 
 ga'ris, Lartre furfuraeee arrondit, of Alibert, 
 charaCferizedasfoUows: scalesglabroiis, whitish, 
 size of a crow^n piece; preceded by, smaller red- 
 dish and glossy elevatioiis oif the skin; encircled 
 by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border ; often 
 confluent; sometimes covering the whole of the 
 body except the, face. 
 
 Lepra appears to-be endemic in Egypt, in 
 Java,and certain part's of Norway and Sweden. 
 Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con- 
 tribute to its development. The means, best 
 adapted for its removal, are !— a mild, unirri- 
 tating diet, emollient fomentations— sulphureouf 
 
LkPRE 
 
 4»3 
 
 LEUCONECROSIS 
 
 baths, fumigations, &c.; but, often, all remedial 
 agents will be-found-itiefiectual. 
 
 Lepea Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabica — 1. 
 Borealis, Eadzyge— 1. Fungifera, Frambcesia — 
 1. Gifficorum, Lepra^-J. Hebraeorum, see Lepri 
 — 1. IdithyoaiSjIcllthyosis — 1. Lombardica, Pel- 
 laglf — 1. Sjaculosa nigra,,L. Nigritans — 1. Me- 
 diolanensis. Pellagra — U Mercurial, Eczema 
 merctiriale— 1. Mosaica, see Lepra -r-l.-Norve- 
 gica,Radzyge — t. Squamosa, Impetigo — 1. Tau- 
 rioa, Mai ae Criiaee, v . 
 
 Zi£PB£, 'Lepra — li.des Cassaques, Mai de 
 Crwuee — I. £cailletise, Lepra alphoides-— ?. Hu- 
 mide, Impetigo. , 
 
 LEPRICTJS, Leprous. • ^ 
 
 LEl>ROSARIUM, Ladrerie. 
 
 LAPROSERIE, Ladrerie. . 
 
 LEPROSIS, Lepra. 
 
 LEPRbSITAS, tepra. . / 
 
 LEPROSY, Lepra— l.'BlackjLepxai nigricans 
 — 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge-rl. WhitCi Lepra 
 alphoides. 
 
 LEP'ROUS, Lepro'suSyLeprot'icus, Lep'ricus; 
 lapro'iles. Relating to orresembUhg or affect- 
 ed with leprosy; ii leper. 
 
 LEPSIS, Attack.. , 
 
 jLEPTAN'DRIA, VIRGIN'ICA, Terorai'co 
 Virgin'ijoa, Culver's physic. An indigenous 
 plant; which grows thioughout the United States, 
 and flowers in August. • The flowers are white, 
 and terminate the stem in a long spike. A va- 
 riety with purple flowers has been described, as 
 
 Leptandria Puepu'Rea, Physic root, Black 
 root, Whorlywort, Culvert root, Brinton root, 
 Bowman root. ^ The root is bitter and nauseous, 
 and when fresh is emetic, and cathartic. In 
 the dried state it fs more uncertain. Dose of 
 the powder gr. xx to 3j. 
 
 LEPTbj^LEPTOS, Unro;, ' thin,' ' light.' 
 Hence: 
 
 LEPTOCHRO'A, Leptochrps, from ImTog, 
 'thin, fine,' and xQ""^ XSo'a, 'the cqlour of the 
 skin: the skin.',. Fineness, thinness of skin.' 
 
 LEPTOCHYM'IA', from Xmroi, <■ thin,,' and 
 Xvn OS, ' a juice.' Morbid thinness of the juices. 
 
 LEPTOHYME'NlA, itorti XtuTot, 'thin,' 
 and'ujDjr, 'a; membrane.' Thinness, delicacy 
 of .membrane. 
 
 LEPTOMER'IA, from Mntoe, ' thin, fine,' 
 and|Utfos, 'apart.' Fineness, delicacy of bodijy 
 formation. 
 
 LEPTONTIQUES, Attenuants. 
 
 LEPtOPHONIA, Oxyphonia. 
 
 LEPTOTHRIX, LeptotrichuS. 
 
 LEPTOT'RIC HUS, LepfotHriv, from Utctos, 
 ' fine,' an,d 9f.ii, ' hair.' One who has fine hair. 
 
 LEPTQTROPH'IA, Microtrojih'ia, Miero- 
 trapez'ia, from 3js7ito'5", * light,' and Tjoepi;, '. nou- 
 rishment.' Light niitjition; 
 
 LEPTTNSIS, Emaciation. 
 
 LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants. 
 
 LEPTYSMOS, Emaciation. 
 
 LERE3IA, see Dementia. > 
 , LERESIS, see Dementia. 
 ' LERUS,- Delirium, see Dementia. 
 
 LE'SION,£a!'jso,fromtei««,' hurt," injured.' 
 Derangement, disorder; any morbid change, 
 either in the exer.cise of functions or in' the 
 texture of organs. Organic lesion ia< synony- 
 nious with organic disease. 
 
 LESSIVE, Lixivium. 
 
 LESSIVE DBS SAVONNIERS, Liquor 
 
 potassse. Also, a solution of caustic soda in 
 water, containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of 
 water. 
 
 LESSIVE DE TARTREj Liquor pbtassae 
 subcarbonatis. 
 
 LETALITAS, Mortality. , 
 
 LETHALIS, lethiferous. Mortal. 
 
 LETHALITAS, Mortality. . 
 
 LETHAR'GICi Lethar'gicus, "Veterno'sus, 
 (F.) Lethdrgique. Relating to lethargy; af- 
 fected with lethargy. ' 
 
 i£rHXi?(?ZQj!7B,,Lethargic. 
 
 'L'S.'SWK'Si(X^,Lethar'gta,Letkar'gus,Carus. 
 lethargusj Vete/nu^i Ofiliv'io iners, frqm i»;^ij, 
 ' oblivion,'^d wgj'io, ' idleness.' A constant 
 sta:te x>t stupor prom which it is almost impos- 
 sible to arbuse the individual; and,, if aroused, 
 he speedily relapses into his former condition. 
 
 LE'THEpN, from Jijfl^, 'oblivion.' , Aiiame 
 given by some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled 
 as an ansesthetic agent. 
 
 . LETHIF'EEOfS,ie'tfojfe/,ie«Ao'«i,Le,i(Ai/'- 
 jcMi, Merm.fer,--fiovi Mj^a, 'death,' and ^tjo, 
 ' I bear.'. ' ljeath-1)earing ; deadly. 
 
 LETHITM, Death,. 
 
 L,ETTUCE,LactUca^l.Indiaii,seeCalumba 
 — 1. Strong-scented, Lactnca virosa— 1. Wild, 
 Lactuca elong^ta. 
 
 LETUM, l?eath: 
 
 LEUCADES, see Sclerotic. 
 
 I,EBC^THIOPIA, see Albino; , 
 
 LEUC^THIOPS, Albino. 
 
 LBUCANJA,;Laucania. 
 " LEUCANTHE.MUM, Anthemis nobilis, 
 Matricaria chaniotailla — ^1. Vulgare, Chrysan- - 
 themum. leucanthemum. ' ■ 
 ' LEUCE, Lepra (of the Jews.) 
 
 LliUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.) 
 
 LEUCITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 LEITCODENDROJV-, Melaleuca cajapute. 
 ' LEUCCENUS, see Wine. 
 
 LEUCOIUM, Luriaria rediviva — 1. Luteuni, 
 Cheiranthus cheiri. " r ' 
 
 LEUCO'MA, from J««os, ' -white.' Oculo'- 
 rwm '^albu'ffo, Leuconi'ma, Leuco'sis, \Albu'go, 
 Al'lula,Veratoleuco'ma, Ephel'otes. Leucoma 
 and Albugo are often used synonymously to de- 
 note a white opacify of ithe cornea. Both are 
 essentially {different from nebula of the cor- 
 nea i .nebula being usually the result of dhronic 
 ophthalmy and an effusibh- of a milky serum 
 into the texture of the delicate continuatipn of 
 th^ conjunctiva over the cornea:— the others 
 are the resiilt of violent, acute ophthalmia. In 
 this state, a thick, coagufable lymph iB.,extra- 
 vasated from the aTteries, sometimes superfi- 
 cially, at otter times deeply into the substance 
 of the cornea. On pther occasions, the disease 
 consists of a firm, callous cicatrix on fhis mem- 
 brane, — ^the effect of a wound or ulcer with 
 loss of substance. The affection is more di£S- 
 cult of cure in proportion to its duration and to 
 the age of the -individual ; the activity of the 
 absorbents being greater in youth. If inflam- 
 mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be per- 
 severed in, and, afterwardsj gentle stimulants 
 be used to excite absorption; along with the in- 
 ternal use of mercury or iodine. 
 
 Leucoma, Albumen — 1. Margaritaceum,, see 
 Margaritaceus. 
 
 LEUCOMMA, Leucoma. 
 
 LEUCOMORIA, Cuttubuth. 
 
 LEUCONECRO'SIS, from Uvko;, ' white,' 
 
LEUCONYMPH.EA 
 
 494 
 
 LEVATOR ANG¥LI ORIS 
 
 and vtxgairit, 'death.' A, form of dry gangrene, 
 —the opposite in appearance ,tp anthraconecroT 
 
 LEUCONYMPH^A, NymphiEa alba. 
 
 LETJCOPATHIA, Spe- Albino, Chlorosis. 
 
 LEUCOPHAGIUM, Blane-mangfir. 
 
 LEUCOPHLEGMASIA, Leuebphlpgmatia 
 —1. Dolens puerperaium, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 LEUCQPHLEGMATIA,i«foopA;^gwam>, 
 Hydrops hucophUgfnc^tias, Tumescen'tia pi- 
 luito'sd, -from Asiixec, ' white,'' and <fKtyiia., 
 ' phlegm.' A dropsical habit. Some 'writers 
 use the word aynpnymously with anasarca 
 aai adema; others :vitthimpAysema. 
 
 Levcophlegmatia ^^thiopum, Chthonopha- 
 gia- ,,.,'■ s , ■ '' < \ 
 
 LEUCOPIPER, Piper albufii. 
 
 LEUCOPYRIA,, Hectic fevdr,. 
 
 LEVCORRHiE, Leucorfhoea. . 
 
 LEUCORRHCE'A, .F?«a:Ms vel fiiwr mulie'-. 
 hria, Frbflu'viiim mulie'brS, Cursus ^atri'eis, 
 Fluxusmatri'^^iElytri'tis, Coliosi'tis, Colpitis, 
 Distilla'tio u'ien, Fliimo aU>a,F. ViiivtE^'Ukus 
 u'teri, bata^'rhus genitq'Mum, Systerorrhafa 
 muco' sa,Catame'nia alba,Menses a^ii,Jlfen'strua 
 albz^f JHenprrha'gia atba^ Fluor muHe'hris non 
 Ga^Ucus, Bhnneiyt'ria^ GhjnorrktB'a benig'n'a- 
 notha invetera'ta, Futga'tio mulie'bris alba, Alba 
 purgamen'ta, Qachex'ia iUeri'na, Kheuma u'teri, 
 XX'teri Cory'za, Medorrhas'a femina'rivm insofis, 
 Blennorrha'a seu BhTinorrha/gia ger^ita'lium, 
 JSdaobhrinorrha'a sea. Medoblennotrrhce'afemi- 
 Tua'rwm; the whites; (F.) Fliurs ou Fluevrrs 
 blanches. Pet-tea blanches', Mcoalemmt blane,Cd- 
 tarrk^tUerin, Perte uterine blanche^ from JLtvxoq, 
 ' white,' and gtw,' ' I flow.' A more or less ?i,bund- 
 ant discharge of a white, ye;llowish, or greenish 
 mucusj resulting from acute or chronic inflam- 
 mation or from irritation of the membrane 
 lining the genital organs of the female. Va- 
 ginal Leucorrhcea has been termed Biennor' 
 rhoea «eu Fluor , albus vagi'na, X^ucorrkee'a, 
 Medorrha'a vagina, Vagini'tis^Elytroblennor- 
 rhce'a, , Colforrhaia.^^'UterMie Leucorthaa has 
 received the names Fluor albus uteri, Leucor- 
 rhce'a seu Medorrha'a uteri, Metrojblerinorrha'a, 
 (F.) Leueorrhec utirirte, Qatarrhe uterin. It 
 is often attended with pain and a sense of hea- 
 viness in the loins, abdomen and thighs,; disor- 
 dered digestive functions, &c., so thst,at times, 
 the health suffers largely; although there ate 
 few females, who are not occasionally subject 
 to moderate leucorrhcea. Attention to the ge- 
 neral health, change of air,.keeping-up a perspi- 
 rable state of the. surface by 'flannel worn next 
 the skin, the horizontal pasture, &c., do more 
 than pharmaceutical agents; which are almost 
 entirely confined to astringent injections. 
 These may be employed, when the discharge is 
 so great as to require them. 
 
 Leucorrhcea ANAiis, see Haemorrhois.^r. 
 Nabothi, see Parturition. 
 
 LEUCPRRHOIS, see Haemorrhois. 
 
 LEUCb'SES; from \euxoc, 'white,' In the_ 
 nosology of M. Alibert, all the diseases of the 
 lymphatic aipparatus. The 7th family in his 
 Nosologie. In that of Fuchs, it is a family of 
 diseases, (G.) Leukosen, whiqh includes the 
 various forms of anaemia. 
 
 Leucoses, Leucoma, Paleness. 
 
 LEUK or LOCCHE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Saline, chalybeate waters, about six leagues 
 distant from Sion. They contain chloride of 
 
 sodium, with a littW sulphate of, magnesia; sul- 
 phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonic 
 acidg and protoxide of iroh. 
 , . iJEK^/iV, Ferment. . 
 
 LEVA'!TOR AN'GULI ORIS, Ahda'cens 
 iabip'rwm, Eleva'tor labiorum eomrnu'nis, Cani'- 
 VMS, (F.) Susmaxilla-tabialfPetit sus-maxillo- 
 labial (Ch.) , Muscle ca^in. A small, flat, long, 
 quadrilateral muscle, which ' arises from the 
 fossa canina, and is inserted at, the commissure 
 of the lips, where it is confounded with the 
 triangularly; It raises the corner of the mouth, 
 and draws it towards- the ear. 
 
 Levator Ani, Levatdr m,agnus seu ^nttrmts, 
 Latus ani, Eleva'tqj' ani; Sedem httol'lens, (F.) 
 Pubio'coccygien annulaire,Sous pubio'coceygien 
 (Gh.), Releveur de^l'nnus- A muscle, situate at 
 the lower part of the pelvis.' It is broadj, flat, 
 quadrilateral, arid broader above thao. below., 
 It represents a kind of membranous partition, 
 which closes' the outlet of the pejvis, and the 
 upper conca,Vityof which is opposed to that of 
 the diaphragm. It is , attached, above, to the 
 posterior stirface of the body of the pubis, to 
 the upper.' part of the obturator foramen, and to 
 the spine of the ischiuiri ; and is inserted into 
 the coccyx, into an aponeurotic line common 
 to it and its fellow, and into the lateral parts of 
 the rectum. Thisrnuscle supports the rectiim; 
 raises it, and carries it upwards during the 
 evacuation of the excrement. It can, dlso, 
 compress the bladder dnd vesiculse seminales, 
 and thus fivbur'the expulsion of the urine and 
 sperm. , 
 
 Levator Ani Parvus, Transvej-sus peririaei 
 — 1. Auris, Attollensaurem^ — 1. Coccygis, Coc- 
 cygeus — L Menti, Levatdr labii inferioris — ^I. 
 Oculi, Rectus superior oc'uli — 1. Proprius sea- 
 pulse, L.' scapute. . ' 
 . Levator ZiAbii ,1sfsb,io'riSi Levator menti. 
 Elevator labii- inferio!ris, Incisi'vus infe^rior, 
 'Elevator iabii inferioris jpro'frius, Mus' cuius 
 penicilla'tus, (f'.)Souppe dumenton, Releveur 
 de Id levre inferieur, Releveur du mcTiton, A 
 portion of the' menttf^abial of Chaussier; A 
 sinall muscle situate.before the symphysis menti. 
 It is thicjc, conical ; arid attached by its apex to 
 a fossetteit tiie.side of the symphysis in the in- 
 ferior maxillary bone. Its fibltes proceed di- 
 verging and vanishing in the manrier of a tuft, 
 (F.) Hbuppe, on the skin of the chin. This 
 muscle raises the chin, and pushes upwards the 
 lower lip. , 
 
 Levator Labii Superio'r'is Ai-sque Nasi, 
 I-ncisi'vus latera'lis et pyramida'lis, (F.) Grand 
 sus'maxillo-labialjX.Ch*,) Elevateu-r corwmun de 
 I'aile dit nez et, de la levre superieuiL- This 
 muscle is a fleishy, thiri, triangular bundle, situ- 
 ate at the aides of the nose. . It arises from the ' 
 ascending process of the superior ma^sillary 
 bone : thence its fibres descend in a diverging 
 manner, a part, being inserted into the al4 of the 
 nose, and a part losing themselvesjn the upper 
 lip. This muscle raises the upper lip and ala 
 nasi, which it draws a little outwards. 
 
 Levator La^ii Sbperioris Proprius, -Miaj'- 
 culUs ineisi'vus. Elevator labii superioris pro- 
 prius, (F.) Moyen sus-iaamillo-labial, (Gh.,) Or- 
 bito-maxillo-labial. This thin, flat, quadrilateral 
 muscle is situate at^the middle and inner part 
 of the face. It arises from the os malae and the 
 OS maxillare superius, and is inserted into the 
 
LEVATORES COSTARUM 
 
 495 
 
 LIBRA 
 
 upper lip, which it raises, at the same time car- 
 rying it a little outwards. 
 
 Leyatoe Pala'ti, Levator Palaii Mollis, P$- 
 trosalpin'go-ataphyli'iius, Salpin'go StapKyW- 
 nus inter'n-us, Salpingb-staphylinws,Pter'igo- 
 staphylinus eteternus, S^heno-staphylirms, 
 Spheno-palati'nus, Peristaphylinus internus 
 superiorrPetro-ataphylin, (Ch.) This muscle is 
 long, narrow and almost round above; broader 
 and flatter inferioxly. It arises from the Idjrer 
 sur&ce of the pars petrosa ; from the cartilage 
 of 'the Eustachian tube ; and is inserted into t^e 
 substance of the velum palati. Its use is to 
 raise the velum palati. 
 
 Levator. PAX'PBBRiE SvPBS.io's.js,Palpebr<e 
 sup',rii)ris primus, Apertor Oe'vii, Ape'riens Pal- 
 pebra'rum rectus, Reclu'sor palpebra'rum,XV •) 
 Orbito-palpebral (Ch.), Ofbito-sus-palpebrdi, 
 Elevatezcr de Ifi pm^piere superieure, A long, 
 small, thin muscle, situate at. the upper part of 
 the orbitar cavity. iBy its' posterior extremity 
 it is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid 
 bone, immediately in front of the foramen op- 
 ticum, and, by itte anterior extremity, which is 
 expanded, it terminates at the upper margin of 
 the tarsal cartilage of the eyelid. This muscle 
 raises the upper eyelid;' draws it backwards, 
 and sinks it in the orbit; 
 
 Levator 'P.ROs'TA.TiE,(7.yReleveiirde la pros- 
 tate. Santorini has given this name to the an- 
 terior fibres of the levator ani, which embrace 
 the prostate. ' 
 
 Levator ScAP'uL^, Eleva'tor' Seapulte) Ele- 
 vator seu Mus^eulus Patien'tits, Angula'ri's vulgo 
 Levator pro'prius, — (F.) Traehilo-seapuldire 
 i_Ch.),Angulairede P0moplat'e',Relevevrde PoMo- 
 plate. This muscle is so called, because it is 
 attached to thfe upper and internsil angle of the 
 scapula. It is situate at the posterior and late- 
 ral part of the rieck, and at the upper part of 
 the back* It is long, flat,,and broader ^bove 
 than below. In this /owerdirection, it is inserted 
 into the superior internal angle' of the scapula; 
 and, in the former, into the topis of the transverse 
 processes of the first four cervical vertebraB., It 
 depresses the prominence of the shpalder, by 
 raising the posterior angle of the scapula, on 
 which it. impresses a kiiid of rotary inotion.' 
 It can, also, draw the head to one side. 
 
 ^ Levator Pre'thrje, (F.) Releveur de I'V- 
 rethre. Santoi-ini describes under this name a 
 portion of the transversus perinaei muscle. 
 
 LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales, 
 
 LEVEN, Ferment. 
 
 LEVER, from levare, 'to lift up.' Vectis, 
 Mochlus, Porrec'tum. An inflexible rod, moving 
 round a fixed point, aiid used for, moving bodies, 
 bearing burdelis, or raising them. The point on 
 which the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, 
 Hypomoch'lion. The force which mpves the 
 lever is called the power; and the weight to be 
 moved, the resistance. There are three kinds 
 of levers. A lever of the first hind has the ful- 
 erum between the power and resistance. A lever 
 of the second kind has the resistance Jietween 
 the fulcrum and power; whilst a lever of the 
 third hind has the power between the fulcrum 
 and resistance. In the locomotive system of 
 the human body, we have examples of all the 
 three kinds. The bones represent levers': the 
 muscles of locomotion are powers ; the weight 
 of parts to be moved constitutes the resistance. 
 The fulcra are, at times, the joints; at others, 
 
 the ground, &c. The head moves on the neck 
 as a lever of the first kind; the first cervical 
 vertebra forming the fulcrum. We rise on tip- 
 toe by a I«ver of the second kind, the fulctum 
 being the ground under the toes ; and we have 
 examples of a lever of the third kind in the 
 flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in the ele- 
 vation of the arm, &c. 
 
 Lever, Hystero-mach'lium, Mpchlis'eus, Vee- 
 Hs ohstetrie"ius, Veetis, (¥,) Levier, is an in- 
 strument, curved at the extremity, and having 
 a fenestra. It is used to assist the extraction of 
 the child's, head, when instrumejital aid is;ie- 
 cessary. Levers are, also, used by the dentist 
 for extracting stumps, &c. The Levier de 
 I'Ecluse, LaHgue de Carpe, Trivelin or Punch, 
 is employed for extracting the molar teeth. 
 
 -LEVI'ATHANPENIS,Pr»a'p«iC6«t,Ba2«'- 
 nas. The penis of the -^hale. This singular 
 medicine was, at one time, given, in powder, in 
 cas^s of dysentery and leucorrhcea. 
 
 LEVIER, Lever — I. de l'£eluie,isee Lever. 
 
 LEVIGA'TION, Laviga'tio, from lavigare, 
 (lavis, ' smooth,') 'Xo polish.' Porphyriza'Hon. 
 An operation, by which bodies are reduced to 
 very fine poWdeir. It is performed by putting 
 substances, already pulverized, into water; , the 
 coarser pa^ts are not long in being deposited, 
 whilst the finei' molecules remain suspended in 
 the watei;. The liquor is decanted into another 
 vessel, and suffered to remain at rest, until the 
 fine particles are collected at the bottom. The 
 fluid part is then separated by decantation. 
 
 LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 LkVRB, Lip. 
 
 LkVRES GRANDES, Labia ' pudendi—/. 
 Petites, Nymphae — I. de la Vulve, Labia pu- 
 dendi. 
 
 LEVURE, Yest—l. de la SHre, Yest. 
 
 LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
 
 LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 LEY, Lixivium,Lye.^l.Soap, Liquor potassae. 
 
 LIZARD, Lizard. 
 
 LIA'TRIS SPICA'TA, Gayfeather, Button 
 snaketoot. An indigenous plant, growing in 
 meadows and moist grounds in the middle and 
 southern states. Its beautiful purple compound 
 flowers are in a spike. They appear in August. 
 The root has been considered diuretic. 
 
 Lia'tris Sgario'sa and L.SQUAERo'sA.TAroo*- 
 wort. Sow-wort, Backache root, Devilsbite, 
 Blazing star, Prairie pines, Rough root, are 
 called, from their reputed powers in bites from 
 the rattlesnake. Rattlesnake's master. The 
 roots, bruised, are applied to the wound, and the 
 decoction, in milk, is givfen interally. 
 
 LIBANOTIS CORONARIA, Rosmarinus. 
 
 LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia. 
 
 LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia. 
 
 LIBER PHARMACEUTICUS, Dispensa- 
 torium. 
 
 LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clito'ris. 
 
 LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous. 
 
 LIBIDTN0I7S, Libidino'sus; Lasci'vus, Ve- 
 jus; from libido, ' lust.' Lewd ; lust- 
 ful. 
 
 LIBI'PO. Desire, necessity. Authors speak 
 of Libido uri'neej Libido intesti'ni. Some em- 
 ploy it synonymously with Prurigo; others, 
 with Salacitas, Lubi'do, Hi'merus. . 
 
 LIBOS, froib Je./So,, ' I distil.' A defluxion 
 from the eyes.— Galen. 
 
 LIBRA, Pound. 
 
LICHANOS 
 
 496 
 
 LIENTERY 
 
 LICHANOS, Index, see Digitus. 
 
 LICHEN, X£i;^i;i' or \ixVi (pronounced 
 Li'^€n,y Exor'Tnia -iAcJpen, Leiche?^, Serpi'go, 
 Volttt'ica, . Pa^'ultz^ .F , ' sice^i Peti'go, Pus'- 
 tulcB siecoBj Soa'bies sicca, S.- a'gria, lAcke- 
 ni'asis adulto'rv/m, Li'chenous rash, (F^y Gale 
 seche, Dartre furfuracic volante, , Foussee. 
 The cutaneous afifection, described under this 
 name by the Greek writers, is not clearly de- 
 ; fined. Some have believfed it to be ,^the tmjie- 
 tigo,ymX this is doubtful. ■ fhe name is, now, 
 generally applied, to a diffuse eruption of red 
 pimples, accompanied by a trouVlespme sense 
 of tingling or pricking. Drs. Willan and Bate- 
 man define'it, — " an extensive eruption of pa- 
 pulae affecting adults, connected with internal 
 disorder, usually-terminating in scurf; recur- 
 rent, not ■contagious." One of their varieties, 
 however, theiicA^M ^ropicus, does not accord 
 well with this definition j for it aflfects children 
 as well as adults, and is unconnected with in- 
 ternal disorder. ■ 
 
 Lichen A'grius^Exor'mia Jbl,chenf eras, Lichen, 
 agrifis, Pay'vla a'gria, is. distinguished by pim- 
 ples in clusters or patches, surrounded by a 
 red halo; the cuticle growing gradually harsh, 
 thickened, and cjiappy, often preceded by- ge- 
 neral irritation. In addition to sfetiphlogistics, 
 a cooling ointment maybe used, to ajlay itching. 
 
 Lichen Circwmscriy>'tus is characterized by 
 clusters or patches of papulae, having a well de- 
 fined margin, and an irregularly circular form : 
 continuing for six or eight, week?. These va- 
 rieties require but little medicinal treatment. 
 The antiphlogistic plan is all that is necessary. 
 
 lAchen Ltv'idus. The papulse have a dark 
 red or livid hue, without any fever. The pa- 
 pulae are inore permanent in this variety. - It 
 requires the mineral acids and bark. 
 
 Liehen PilaWis, Exor'mia. Lichen pilaris, is 
 merely a modification of the preceding ; the pa- 
 pulae appearing at the roots of the "hair. ' 
 
 Lichen Simplex:, . Exor'mia Lichen simplex, 
 consists of an eruption of red papulse, ^ppearmg 
 first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend- 
 ing over the body ; preceded for a few days by 
 slight febrile irritation which usually ceases 
 when the eruption appears, — with an unplea- 
 sant sense of tingling during the night. It ge- 
 nerally dies away in "terl days or a fortnight. 
 
 Lichen Trop'icus, Exdrmia Lichen tropicus, 
 Eczes'ma, Es'sera, (?) Sudam'ina, (?) Prickly, 
 Heat, Summer Rash. The pimples are bright 
 red, and of the size of a small pin's head : with 
 heat, itching, and pricking, as if, by needles. 
 It is local ; produced by excessive 'heat ; and 
 disappears when the weather becomes cooler, 
 or the individual is inured to the climate. 
 
 Lichen XIrtiea'ius, Exor'mia Liehen urtico'- 
 1US, is another variety. The Nettle Idehen 
 consists of papulse, accompanied by wheals like 
 those of nettle rash. _ 
 
 Lichen Aeborum, Liehen pulmonarius — I. 
 Blanc de Neige, L. caninus — I, Boltier, L. 
 pyxidatus. 
 
 Lichen Cani'nus, Lichen ciner'ews terres'tris, 
 Mtiscus cani'nus, Phys'cia niva'lis, Pelti'g"era 
 cani'na. Ash-coloured Ground Liverwort, (F.) 
 Lichen contre-rage, Lichen' blanc de neige. This 
 cryptogamous plant was, for a long time, con- 
 sidered capable of preventing and curing Rabies 
 canina. It has, also,' been used in mania and 
 in spasmodic asthma. 
 
 Lici^N CiNEKEus Tebrestkis, L. caninus— 
 1. Carrageen, Fucus crispus — 1. Cocciferusi L. 
 pyxidatus — I. contreRage, L, caninus — I, En- 
 tonhoir, L. pyxidatus. 
 
 Lichen Islan'dicus, Muscus Islandieaa, M, 
 cathar'ticus, Clado'nia Islan'dica, Phys'eiuls' 
 landica, Cetra'ria Islaridiea; Parme'lia.Islan'- 
 dicii, Iceland Liehen or Liverwort ox Moss, (F.) 
 Lichem d'Islqnde. This j>lant is inodorous, 
 with a bitter and mupilaginous tast0. 'It is 
 esteemed to be tonic, demulcent, and nutrient. 
 Dose, gj to ziv, being firsts steeped in water 
 holding in solution some carbonate of potass to 
 extract the bitter, and then b.oiled in milk. 'A 
 bitter principle has been extracted from it, 
 termed Cetrarin, which has been given in in- 
 termittents. , 
 
 Lichen Plica'tus, Muscms arho'reus seu 
 Qu6rci',ni Herha. This plant, is applied, by 
 the Laplanders, as an astringent, to bleeding 
 vessels; and to parts which are excoriated 
 after long journteys. ' 
 
 Lichen Pulmoha'eids, Muscms pulmonarittg 
 querai'nus,Fulmona'ria arbt'rea, Loia'ria pul- 
 monaria. Lichen ar'horiim, Sticta pulmona'cek. 
 Oak LjmLgs, Tree Lungwort, -Hazel Crottles, 
 (F.) Lichen puliMimire..-'^Yi.\a .plant is sub- 
 astringeat, and rather acid. . It was once in high 
 repute for curing diseases of the lungs,, , 
 
 , Lichen Pxxiba'tuS, Muhcus Pyasida'tus, 
 Scyphp^h'oms pyicida*tus,i Mus'.eulus pyxcn>',- 
 des terres'tris. Lichen pyiplda'tus mtjjor, Liehen 
 cocciferus, Herba Ignis, CupMoss,(Y.) Liehen 
 entonn&ir. Lichen. Bonier,. L, Pyxide.. This 
 plant is subrastringent, and has. been, used in 
 .decoction in hooping-ccnigh. ■ 
 
 Lichen RoccEt'iA, RoeceUa, LitmUs, Laemnts 
 tincto'rivs, OrchUl, Cand'ry Arehell, Chinneyt 
 Weed, Herb AreheU,(F.) Orieitle. the 'chief 
 use of this plant is as a blue dye. It has been 
 employed to allay .coughin phthisis, &Ci 
 
 Lichen Saxat'ilis, Museus Cra'niihzimn'ni, 
 TJs'nea. This moss, when found growing on a 
 human skull, was formerly in high estimation 
 ftgains'tihead affections, &c. 
 
 Lichen Stellatum, Marchantia polymorpha. 
 
 LICHENIASIS ADULTORUMjLichen^l. 
 Strophulus, Strophulus. 
 
 LIEBERKtTEHN'S GLANDS or FOLLI- 
 CLES, so called from their first describer, arfe 
 fine, capillary, blind sacs, the openings of which 
 are from l-20th to l-Spth of a line in diameter, 
 so closely placed avei the whole -of the small 
 intestine as to give the mucous membrane a 
 general sieve-like or perforated appearance. 
 They secrete the svccus entericus. 
 
 LIEBERSCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S 
 KRAUTER, see Galeopsis grandiflora — /. 
 Srusikriivter, see Galeopsis grandiflora. 
 
 LIkGE, Suber. 
 
 LIEN (F.), Vin'culum. A band, strap br 
 garter, used in certain operations ; as to tie pa- 
 tients during the operation of lithotomy : to fix 
 the apparatus in fracture, &c. Also, the spleen. 
 
 LIEN ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus— 1. Suc- 
 centuriatus, Lienculus. . 
 
 LIEN'CULUS, diminutive of «e«, 'spleen.' 
 Lien succenturia'tus seu aceesso'riiis. A super- 
 numerary spleen. 
 
 LIENOSUS, Splenic. 
 
 LIEN'TERY,Z««n*er'«o,from)ieiof,'smooth,' 
 and EVTtgov, ' intestine/ . La' vitas seu Lax'itas 
 intestino'rum, Diarrha'a Lienter'ia, Fluxus 
 
LIERRE 
 
 497 
 
 Liente/ietfs, CkymoriheB'hsea Lax'itas ingesto'- 
 ru7»f BroW/otoee'crisis, Diarrha'd dyspep'tica, 
 D.'Cum apepsid, D.'Jngesto'rum, Slip'pfriness 
 of- the Guts. Frequent liquid eVacuattoqs, the 
 food only half digested.. This condition is al- 
 ways symptomatic of great irritation in the 
 intestinal canal; the sensibility of which is so 
 much Augmented that it cannot bear the sojourn 
 of the food in it. ' , 
 
 LIERRE, Hedera helix— Z; Terrestre, Gle 
 coma hederacea. 1 ■ 
 
 LIFE, Sax. lif^- lyp, Vita, Bios, BioU, ^oe, 
 Pneuma, ^pir'itus, (F.) Vie. Th§ state of or- 
 ganized beings, during which, owing to the 
 union of an unknoyvn principle with matter, 
 they are capable of performing functions dif- 
 ferent from those that regulate other natural 
 bodies; all of which functions, however nu 
 merous and diversified, 'work to one end. Life 
 has only a limited duration ; beyond which, — 
 the organic functions ceasing to be executed, 
 — ^ the body is given up to the agency of che- 
 mical affinity. Hence Bichat has defined life 
 to be — the aggregate of the functions which 
 resist de0h.^ ' On account of the difierence that 
 exists:among the vital functions, he has applied 
 the term Organic JAfe to the functions inser- 
 vient to composition -and decomposition; — as 
 digestion, respiration, circulation, calorifica- 
 tion, absorption, secretion, and nutrition ; and 
 Animal Life, to the functions which connect 
 man and animals with external bodies'; as the un- 
 derstanding, sensations, locomotion, and voice. 
 
 EftFE EvEELASTiNG, Gnaphalium matgarita- 
 ceuria — 1. Everlasting, sweet-scented, Gnapha- 
 lium pojycephalum. 
 
 Lite's Blood,, Cillo. 
 
 XjIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum; from ligare, 'to 
 bind;' Desmos, Syndes'mos,Oolliga'me^, Cop'- 
 wla. A liame given to fibroqs structures, which 
 serve to unite bones, and to form articulations; 
 hence the division intointerosseou's and articular 
 ligainents. They are of a white, close texture; 
 are but little extensible, and difficult to break. 
 The name ligament has, also, been given to ?ny 
 membranous fold, which retains an organ in its 
 situation. , ' 
 
 Table OF THE Prikcipal LiCAMENTs. 
 
 {Capsular ligament. , 
 Suspensory ligament of the 
 stylo-glossHs. 
 Lateral ligament. 
 Two capsular ligaments be- 
 tween atlas and head. 
 Circular ligament. 
 Two capsular between atlas 
 ■ ^ and Axis, 
 Perpendicular ligament. 
 Two lateral or moderator ligS- 
 
 menta. - ^ 
 
 Transverse ligament and its 
 • appendices. j 
 
 Anterior common. < 
 Crucial intervertebral. ) 
 Ligaments running fi:om the 
 edge of the bony arch and 
 spinous process of one ver- 
 tebra to that of the next 
 Interspinous ligament 
 Ligamentum nuchis. 
 Intertransverse. 
 Capsular. 
 , Posterior or internal common. 
 
 Jaw, 
 
 t Cotmeeling the 
 Head ieith the 
 first and second 
 Verlebifee, and' 
 these with each 
 other. 
 
 Of the other 
 Verlelirse. 
 
 4. Of. the Ribs,^ 
 Sternum, fyc. 
 
 LIGAMENT 
 
 ' Capsular of the heads of ribs. 
 
 Capsular of the tubercles. 
 
 Ligamenta transversaria in- 
 terna. 
 
 Ligamenta transversaria ex- 
 terna. . 
 
 Ligamenta cervicis cpstarum 
 externa. 
 
 Ligamentous ' fibres running 
 ftom the margins of the ex- 
 tretnities of the ribs to the 
 corresponding cartilages. 
 
 Radiated ligaments from cftr- 
 
 ' tilage of ribs to the sternum. 
 
 Capsular ligaments of the car- 
 
 , tilages of the ribs. 
 
 Ptoper membrane of sternum. 
 
 L. of cartilago'ensiformis. 
 
 Tendinous exparieions over 
 
 the' intercostales, &c. 
 •Two transverse, — one supe- 
 rior, one inferior. 
 
 Ilio^sacral, 
 
 Capsular of the sacro-iliac 
 syiichondrosis. 
 
 Two saqtoischiatic, — poste- 
 rior and anterior, with the 
 superior aiid inferior appen- 
 
 5. Of the Pelvis. 
 
 Longitudinal of os coccygis. 
 Inguinal Ugamerit 
 Capsiilar.of symphysis pubis. 
 Ligamdit of foramen thyroi- 
 deum.. 
 f Radiated liganient 
 
 i Capsular. 
 Interclavicular. i 
 6,. Of the Clavicle, -j Ligamentum rhomboideum. 
 Claviculo-acromial. 
 Conoid. . 
 
 7. 
 
 Of the Scapula, i ^"'^■™ triangular. 
 ■' . ( Proper posterior. 
 
 > Capsular. 
 
 8. Of the Shoulder' 
 Joint. 
 
 Of the Elbow- 
 Joint, 
 
 ' Capsular. 
 Brachio-ulnar. 
 Brachio-radial. 
 J Coronary ofvthe radius. 
 ) Anterior and posterior acces- 
 sory. 
 Interinuscular of the os hu- 
 meri, 
 
 10. Carpal Extre- f Interosseous ligament 
 mity of Radius j Oblique or chorda transversa. 
 andU^jUndbe-'. liscubiti. 
 tweenthoseknes. [Capsular. 
 
 Capsular, 
 
 Two lateral. 
 
 Mucous. 
 
 II, Between Fore- 
 arm and Wrist. 
 
 f Annular, 
 j Capsular. 
 
 12, Of Carpus.. -{ Short ligaments, — oblique, 
 
 I transverse, capsular, and 
 (^ proper, 
 
 13. Between Car- J Articular lateral. 
 
 pal and Meta- > Straight, perpendicular, &c. 
 carpal Bones. j 
 
 li. Between the'X , . ^. . , 
 
 extremities «/ 1 Interosseous, at the bases and 
 the Metacarpal l>eade,-dorsal, lateral, pal- 
 bones. I '""■ I 
 
LIGAMENT 
 
 498 
 
 LIGAMENTUM IRIDIS 
 
 15. M the base of 
 the JHetacdrpal 
 bone • of the 
 
 ■ Thumb,- and at 
 the Jirst joint of 
 the Fingers. 
 
 16. Of the first and 
 second joints of 
 the ThiLmb, and 
 second and third 
 jdiUs of Hie Fin- 
 ger*- 
 
 17. Retaining: the 
 
 Tendons o/ the 
 Muscles of the' 
 Hand and Fin 
 gers in situ. 
 
 1 8. Connecting the 
 Os Femoris with 
 
 Lateial. 
 
 Capsular. 
 Lateral. 
 
 ' Ai^ular. 
 
 Vaginal or flexor teiidons. 
 
 Valuator crucial of the pha- 
 langes. 
 
 Accessory of the flexor ten- 
 dons. 
 
 Posterior annular. 
 
 Vaginal of extensors. 
 .Transverse of extensors. 
 
 Capsular and accessory slips., 
 
 Round or teres ligament 
 
 .Cartilaginous ligament. 
 
 the Os innomi-' Double cartilaginous liga- 
 
 Tiatum. 
 
 19. 
 
 Of the Knee- 
 Joint. 
 
 20. Connecting Fi- 
 bula and Tibia. 
 
 21. Connecting the 
 Tarsal with the 
 Leg Bones. 
 
 22. Ligaments of 
 the Tarsus-. , 
 
 23. Ligaments be-C 
 tween Ta^^usi 
 and Metatarsus. ( 
 
 34. Connecting 
 the Metatartali 
 Bones. I 
 
 25. 6f the Pha-{ 
 langes of the- 
 Toes. , ( 
 
 nient. 
 
 Ligamenta mucosa. 
 
 Latsi-al, — interr^l and ' exter- 
 nal. 
 
 External short lateral liga- 
 ment. 
 
 Posterior ligatnent. 
 
 Li^ment of the patella. 
 
 Capsular.' 
 
 Ligamentum alare, — majus et 
 minus. 
 
 Ligamentum mucosum. 
 
 Two criicial, — anterior and 
 
 posterior. 
 , Transverse. 
 
 Capsular. 
 
 Interosseous. 
 
 Apterior stjperior. 
 
 _ Posterior superior. 
 
 Anterior ligament of the 
 fibula. 
 
 Posterior of fibula. 
 
 Deltoides of tibia> 
 
 ^ Capsular. 
 
 Capsular. 
 
 Short ligaments. 
 
 .Capsular, broad superior, and 
 lateralligaments, connecting 
 astragalus and naviculare. 
 
 Superior, latejal, and inferior, 
 fixing OS calcis to os cu- 
 boides. ' 
 
 Long^ oblique, and rhomboid^ 
 forming the inferior . liga- 
 ments. 
 
 Superior superficiij, interosse- 
 ous and inferior transverse 
 ligaments, fixing the os na- 
 viculate and os cuboides, 
 
 Superior lateral, and plantar, 
 which fii the <Js naviculare 
 and cuneiform. 
 
 Superior superficial and plan- 
 tar, connecting the os cu- 
 boides, and OS cuneiforme 
 externum. 
 Dorsal and plantar, uniting 
 the ossacuneiformia. 
 
 The proper capsular of each 
 
 l^ bone. 
 
 Capsular. '■ , 
 
 Dorsal,plantar,lat£iaI, straight, 
 6b|ique^ and transverse. 
 
 Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, 
 connecting ttie metatarsal 
 bones. " 
 
 Transverse ligaments. 
 
 Capsular. 
 Lateral 
 
 Annular. 
 
 Vaginal of Ihe itendonS of the 
 
 peronei. 
 Laciniated; 
 
 26. Retaining JAe^ Vaginal of the tendon of the 
 Tendons' of the' .flexor longus pollicis. 
 Muscles' of " tlie-{ Vaginal and. crucial of the 
 Foot and Toes tendons of the flexors <rf 
 in situ. ^ the toes. 
 
 Acpessoiy of the flexor ten- 
 dons' of the toes. 
 Transverse of the extensor 
 tendons. 
 
 Ligament, Anterior, of the BiiAsdeb. A 
 name given by the older anatomists to a por- 
 tion- of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, which 
 becomes attached to the front of the neck of the 
 bladder. 
 
 LIGAMENT ARTJtRIEL, Arterial, liga- 
 ment — I. Cervical supraspinal, „see Sppraspi- 
 nosa ligamenta — I. Ciliaire, Ciliary' ligament. 
 
 Ligament, Coe'onary, of the Liver, is a 
 reflection fornaed by the peritoneum, between 
 the posterior' margin of the livfer, and the louver 
 surface of the diaphragm. See Falx. 
 
 Ligament, Gosto-XiphoiB, Xiphoid ligament 
 — 1. borso-lumbo-supraspinal, see Supraspinosa 
 ligamenta— 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — l.Ginl- 
 bernat's, see Gimbernatf s ligament — l.Gloss- 
 epiglottic, see Glossepiglo ttic — 1. Infj-a-pubian, 
 Triangular -ligament — I. Interipineux, Inter- 
 spinal ligament — 1. Palmar inferior. Metacarpal 
 ligamfent— 1. Poupart's, Crural arch-^/, Rond, 
 Ligamentum teres — ■/. Sur-epineux cervical, 
 see Supra-spinosa ligametita — I. ^ur-epineux- 
 dorso-lofnbaire, see Supraspinosa ligamenta. 
 - Ligament," Suspen'sort, . of the- Liver, 
 Ligamen'tum latum, Suspens'o'rium He'patis, 
 is a large triangular Reflection, formed by the 
 peritoneum between the superior surface of the 
 liver and the diaphragm. It is constituted pf 
 two layers, and is continuous, below, with ano- 
 ther reflection, called the Falx of the Umbilical 
 Vein. See Falx. 
 
 LIGAMENTA INTERLOBULARIA PUL- 
 MONUM, Interlobular tissue — 1. Interverte- 
 bralia. Intervertebral cartilages — 1. Lata uteri, 
 see Uterus — 1. Rotunda uteri, Round ligaments 
 of the uterus. 
 
 LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous. 
 
 LIGAMEN'TOUS, Ligamenta' sus. Having 
 the character, or relating to, a ligament. 
 
 LIGAMENTS, BROAD, OF THE UTE- 
 RUS, see Uterus — ;. Croises, Crucial liga- 
 ments — I. Crudformts, Crucial ligaments — I. 
 Jaunes, Yellow ligaments—/. Largcs del'ute- 
 rzM,seeUteru3— l.of the Larynx, inferior, Thy- 
 reo-arytenoid ligaments—/. Ronds de Vuterua, 
 Round ligaments of the uterus. 
 
 LIGAMENTUM IRIDIS, Ciliary ligament 
 — 1. Nuchae, Cervical ligament — 1. Suspenso- 
 riuta hepatis. Suspensory ligament of the liver 
 — 1. Suspensorium testis, Gubernaculum testis. 
 
LIGATIO 
 
 499 
 
 LILY, GROUND 
 
 LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature — 1. .Linguffi, 
 Aphonia. 
 
 LIGATION, see Ligature. 
 
 LIGATURA, Ligature, FaScia— L Glandis, 
 Phimosis. ' 
 
 LIG'ATURE-, ligatvlra, Liga'tio, Alligatu'- 
 ra^eliga'tio,Vinetu'ra,Fa^cia, Epid'esis, from 
 ligo, ' I bind.' This woH has various aceeptar 
 tions. It m^ans, 1 . TJie thread with which an 
 artery or yein is tied, to prevent or arrest he- 
 morrhage. ' 2., The cord, or thread, or wire, 
 used for rempying/ tumours, &c. 3. The band- 
 age used for phlebotomy. Ligature is^ also, 
 sometimes applied to tfie act of tying an artery 
 or considerable yeSsel—Lig'a'iiom. When thear- 
 tery alone is tied, tlie ligatiire is said to be im- 
 niediate; when any of the surrounding parts are 
 included, it is said to be mediate. The ligature 
 occasions obliteration or adhesion of the arterial 
 parietes, by cutting thorough the middle and in- 
 ternal coats ; the adhesion being favoured by the 
 formation of a coagulum, ivhich atts, in soHie 
 degree, as a barrier against the impulse of the 
 blood, and subsequently disappears b>y absorp- 
 tion. 
 
 LIGHT, Sax. leohe, lihr, (G.) Licht— 
 Liix,Lumen,Phoa,(F.) Lumiire. An extrenacT 
 ly rare fluid, diffused over the universes ema- 
 nating from the sun and fixed stars; traversing 
 more than four liiillions of leagues in a minutfe ; 
 passing through transparent bodies, which re- 
 fract it according to-their density and combus- 
 tibility ; and arrested by opake bodies, by which 
 it is reflected "t an angle equal tp the angle of 
 incidieiice. It is the' cause of colour in all bo- 
 dies; being entirely reflected.by white surfaces 
 and absorbed" by black. It is deconnposed in 
 passing through a transparent prism into seven 
 rays— red, orange, yellow, greeuj blue, purple, 
 and violet. 
 
 Light acts upon the body as a gentle and 
 salutary stimulus. It- urges to. exercise, whilst 
 privation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and 
 disposes to obesity. Hence it is, that, in rural 
 economy, animals, which are' undergoing the 
 process of fattening, are kept in obscurity, 
 When vegetables, are 'deprived of light, their 
 nutrition is interfered with, and they become 
 etwlated. To a' certain extent this applies to 
 animals, and there is «very reason to believe, 
 that want of light prevents. the due develop- 
 ment of organized bodies.' It has been found, 
 that when tadpoles were deprived of light, they 
 did not undergo the perfectlmetaraorphosis into 
 the frog, but tliat monstrosities from arrest of 
 development were induced. ' 
 
 LIGHTNING, Astrape. 
 
 LIGHTS, RISING OF THE, Qynanche 
 trachealis. 
 
 LI&NE, Line — I. Ajire, Linea aspera — V. 
 Blanche, Linea alba— i. Courbe, Curved line — ;. 
 Mediane de I' abdomen, Linea alba — I. Sous- 
 trochanterienne, Linea aspera. 
 
 LIGNIN, from Lignvm, ' wood.', LigneSus 
 or woody fibre ; the fibrous structure of vege- 
 table substances. 
 
 LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum—1. Aspala- 
 thi, Agallochum^l. Benedictum, Guaiacum — 1. 
 Brasilianum rubrura, Haematoxylon campechia- 
 nurii^ — 1. CiEruleum, Haematoxylon campechia- 
 num — 1. Campechense, Hsmatoxylon cam- 
 pechianum — 1. Campechianum, Haematoxylon, 
 campecbianum — 1. Campescanum, HsematojEy- 
 
 Ion campechianum — 1. Colubrinum, see Strych- 
 nos — L Febrifugum, Quassia— 1. Hsematoxyli, 
 Hsematoxylon campechianum — 1. Indicum, 
 Guaiacum, Haematoxylon campechianum — 1. In- 
 felix, Sambucns — 1. Nephriticum, Guilandina 
 Moringa (the wood) — 1. Pavanse, Croton tig- 
 lium-:— 1. QuassisB, see Quassia — 1. Sanctum, 
 Guaiacum — 1. SandaUnum, see Pterocarpus san- 
 talinus-^1. Sappan, Haematoxylon campechia- 
 nuin— 1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpentinum 
 — 1. Vitae, Guaiacum. 
 
 LIGNYODES, Fuliginous. 
 
 LIGNYS, Fuligo. 
 
 LIG'ULA, '^'g""'"' The clavicle, also, the 
 glottis and epiglottis; A measure containing 
 3 drachms and a scruple, or about half an ounce. 
 Also, a species of bandage orligature — Scri- 
 bonius. 
 
 LIGUSTICDM FCENICULUM, Anethum. 
 
 Lieus'TicOM XiEVis'npTJlii, from Aiyva-jixoc, 
 appertaining to Ligur'ia. Levis'tiejim, Laserpi" 
 tiwh German' iciim, Idgusticufn, hovage, (F.) 
 Livhke, Aehe des montagnes. The properties 
 of this plant are said to be stimulant, carmina- 
 tive, emmenagogue, &c. 
 
 LiGUSTiouM Podagea'ei A, Padagra'ria, JBgo- 
 po'dinm •podagraria, Bes'eli cegop&dium^ Jjtnr 
 geL'iea sylvestns. Gout weed. A British plant, 
 once considered usefi^l in cases of gout. , 
 
 LIGUSTRDM ^GYPTIACUM, Lawsonia 
 in§rmis. ^ ' - 
 
 LiGiis'^EDM ,Vulga're, Privet, Privy, (F.) 
 Tro'ene. ' A shrub, whick grows, wi^d both in 
 Europe knd the United States, usually in hedges. 
 The leaves are astringent and bitter 5 aind the 
 flowers, which are snow white, a:nd of an agree- 
 able odour, have been employed in decoction 
 in sore thrdat, and, ulcerous stomatitis, The 
 berries are •said to be cathartic. 
 
 LIGYSMA, Distortion; 
 
 LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris. 
 
 ^il LI, Lilium ^aracelsi. 
 
 LiLIA'GO. Dim. of L/il'iiim, the lily; Spi- 
 derwort; hilias'trum. , This plant was formerly 
 sai<i to be alexipharmic arid cariiiinative. " 
 
 LILIASTRUM, Liliago. 
 
 LILIUM CAN'DIDUM, LJ album, CriAoh. 
 The white lily. (F.) Lis blanc. The infusion 
 of the flowers of the lily in olive oil is emol- 
 lient, and often applied externally, under the 
 name of Lily oil, (F.) Buile de lis. The scales 
 of the bulb, roasted, are sometimes employed 
 as maturatives. - ' 
 
 LiwtJM CoNVALLiTJM, Convallaria maialis. 
 
 LiLiUM Pakacel'si, Tinctni'ra Metallo'- 
 rum, hili. A medicine employed by Paracel- 
 sus. It was prepared by, melting in a: crucible 
 four ounces of each of the following alloys : An- 
 timony and iron, antimony and tin, antim-dny 
 and copper, previously mixed' with eighteen 
 ounces of nitrate of potass, and as much salt of 
 tartar. The melted m^ss, when pulverized, 
 was treated \»ith rectified alcohol, which really 
 dissolved only the potass set at liberty, by the 
 decomposition experienced by the nitre and salt 
 of tartar. The Lilium Paracelsi was used as a 
 cordial. It entered into the composition of the 
 theriacal elixir, &c. 
 
 LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium — 1. 
 May, Convallaria maialis — 1. Pond, Nelura- 
 bium luteum — 1. Pond, White, Nymphaea odo- 
 rata — 1. Toad, Nymphspa odorata — 1. of the Val- 
 ley, Convallaria maialis — l.Water, Little, Bra- 
 
LIMA,. (CLIMATE OF) 
 
 500 
 
 LINEAMENT 
 
 senia hydropeltis — 1. Water, Sweet, Nymphaea 
 odprata — 1. Water, sweet-scented, Nymphasa 
 odorata — 1. Water, white, Nymphsea alba-i-1. 
 Water, yellow, , Nymphaea lutea — I. White, 
 tiliiiip' candidum, Nelumbiom luteum. 
 
 LIMA,- (Climate of.) The' climate .of 
 Peru Joes not appear to be favourable to the 
 generation of consumption ; and Lima would 
 seem to be a^good residence for the phthisical 
 valetudinarian. Many have been! benefited by 
 a residence there ; but' when they have gOne 
 farther south, as to Chili, the effe|^t, according 
 to Dr. M. Burrough, has generalW been fatal. 
 LIMA DENTABIA, Spalpfurri ilentarium. 
 LIMA.giEN (F.), iiomlimaqon, t\e cochlea 
 of th? ear. A branch of the acoustic or lahy- 
 rinthic nerve sent to the cochlea. 
 
 LIMAC^ON, Cochlea Lirnax — /. Rampes du, 
 see Cochlea. ; 
 
 LIMACUM CORNUA, lee Lachrymal 
 puncta. 
 
 LIMANCHIA, Abstinence. , , 
 LIMA^TIO, from lima, 'a file.' , Filing: an 
 operation emplojred b'y the dentist more espe- 
 cially to prevent iinmediate contactbf the teeth 
 with each other. ,' , 
 
 LIMATCJRA FEBRI, Ferri Limatura. 
 LIMAXj.iTeiia;, the Slug mSnail.XF.) Li- 
 magon, Colimagon^^scargot, A syrup has been 
 , prepared from these "anim^ilsj -v^hich has, been 
 given in .phthisis, &c. ' The raijv; snails, have 
 also been taken in consumption. They have 
 been used as food. ' ., 
 
 LIMB, Membrum. 
 
 , LIMBUS ; ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar bbrderf 
 ^1. Luteus retinae, see Foramen icentrale — 1. 
 Posterior corpoHs striati, Taenia se^icircularis. 
 LIME;. : A fruit like a small'lemon; the juice 
 of which is strongly- acid, and niuch used for 
 making punch. It is, also, used in long voy- 
 ages as an antiscorbutic, &c.^ It is a species of 
 lemon, the fruit of Citrus a"<!ida.' < 
 
 Lime, Calx— 1. Carbonate of, Ciieta— 1. Chlo- 
 ride of, Calcis chloridum— 1. Chlorite of, Calcis 
 chloridum — 1 . Chlornret of^ Calci? chloridum— 
 1. Hydrate of, see Calx— 1. Hypochlorite of, 
 Calcis chloridum — 1. Muriate of, solution of, 
 see Calcis murias — 1. Oxy muriate, of, Calcis, 
 chloridum— 1. Sldked, see Calx— 1. Sulphuriet 
 of, Calcis sulphuretum — 1. Tree, Tilia—1. Wa- 
 ter, Liquor calcis — 1. Water, compound. Liquor 
 calcis corapositus. ' - 
 LIMICUS, Hungry. 
 
 LIMITROPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
 LIMNE, Marsh. 
 
 LIMNE'MIC, Limitse^mie, Limnhe'mic, Lim- 
 nee'micus, himnMmdcus, from \i^v),, 'a marsh,' 
 and '«///«," blood.' An epithet given to affed- 
 tions induced by paludal emanations; (F.) 4/- 
 fectioTis limnhemiques. ^ 
 
 LIMOCTON'IA, Abstinence. Abstinence to 
 death. Death from hunger j from \i/ioc,, ' hun- 
 ger,' and nmvos, ' death.' Suicide by hunger. 
 LIMODES, Hungry. 
 LIMON, see Citrus medica. 
 LIMONADA, Lemonade. 
 LIMONADB, Lemonade — I, Gaeeuse, see 
 Lemonade — /. S^cAe, Lemonade, dry ; see Citric 
 acid. ,1 
 
 LIM0NI17M, Statice limonium— 1, Malum, 
 see Citrus medica. • 
 
 LIMONUM BACCA, see Citrus medica. 
 LIMOS, w,« Of, ' hunger.' Hence : 
 
 JAMP'SlSiStotndchdiseasefMorbid appetite. 
 A genus in the class Cveliaca, oiiei Enterica, 
 of Good. 
 
 LiMosis Cariiial6ia Mordens, Cardialgia— 
 1. Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosisr-l. Dyspepsk, 
 Dyspepsia -^-^1. Expers, Anorexia— 1. Expers 
 protracta. Fasting — 1. Flatus, Flatulence-^1. 
 Helluonum) Gluttony — l. PicS, Malacia. 
 
 LiMOTHEBiAPEI'A, mstitkerapei'a, Nei- 
 totherapei'^al Nestiatri'a', Peinothefapi'a, Cura- 
 tio morbi per ine'didm, from M/i's, ' hunger,' and 
 aefafido, 'treatment.' Hunger-cure. Cureby 
 fasting. 
 LIMUS, Limos. * ; 
 Z<fiV,'Linum usitati^simuin^, .Grai^es de, 
 see Linum usitatissimum— /; Purgatif, Linum 
 catharticum. . 
 
 LINAIRE, Antirhinum linaria. 
 LIN AMENTUM,, Linteum. , 
 LINABIA, Antirliinnm linaiia^. Vulgaris, 
 Antirhinum linaria. 
 -ILINCTTrABIUM, Eclectos. ' 
 
 LINCTUS, Eclectos— 1. Albufe, Looch album 
 .r-1. Amygd'alinus, Looch alburn — 1. ad Af hthas, 
 Mel boracis^. de Borace, Mel boracis — 1. Com- 
 munis, Looch album. ■ 
 LINDEN TBEE, Tilia'. 
 LINE, hin'ed, Grammtj (F.) Ligne, Extent 
 in length, considered without ^regard to breadth 
 pr thickness.. As a measure, it ineans the 12th 
 part of an inch. . J 
 
 Median Line of the Body is an imaginary 
 line, supposed to set out frona the top of the head 
 and to fail between the feet, so as to divide the 
 body vVrtically' in two eq,tial and symmetrical 
 parts. 
 LINEA„Line. 
 
 Linea Al^a, L. a. Abdom'ihisi (F.) Ligne 
 btanehei Ligne midiane de J'dhdomenj (Chi) 
 Candid'ula abdom*ims Ijin'ea, tdn'ea centra'lis. 
 A tendinous, strdng, and highly resisting cord; 
 extending from the ensiform cartilage of the 
 sternum to the symphysis pubisj With the um- 
 bilicus near its middle* ■ The linea alba is formed 
 by the deciiksatSanof the aponeurosis o^ the ab- 
 dominal m^jscles; and its use is tp limit the 
 movement of the chest backwards; to present 
 it from separating too far from the pelvis, and 
 to furnish a fixed point for the muscles of the 
 abdomen, "in their contraction. , ^ 
 
 Linea As'peRa, (P.) Ligne dpre, Ragged 
 ridge, Ligne sous-trochanieriehne, (Ch.) A 
 rough projection at the posterior surface of the 
 femurj which gives attachment to muscles. 
 
 Linea CANDiDuiiA Abdominis, L. alba — 1. 
 Centralis, L. alba — 1. Innominata, Ilio-pectinea 
 Linea. ' ' ; '~ > 'l ' -• 
 
 LINEjE SEMILUNA'EES are the lines, 
 which bound the outer margin of the recti mus- 
 cles of the abdomen. They are formed by the 
 unioh. of the abdominal, tendons. The lines 
 which cross these muscles are called Linea 
 transver'sse. ^ ■ . 
 
 Line* Tib'I/E, An'guli til'ia. Sharp Hnes on 
 the tibia. < - 
 
 Linb;e Transversje, see L. semilunares. 
 LIN^AIRE, Linear. 
 
 LIN'EAMENT, Lineamen'tum, from linea, 
 'a line.' A delicate trait observed on the 
 countenance, which constitutes its special cha- 
 racter, enables us to preserve its image, and is 
 the cause of resemblance to others. A feature. 
 Bonnet gave the name Lineament to the first 
 
LINEAR 
 
 501 
 
 LINIMENT DM 
 
 traces of organization in the embryo of man and 
 animals. 
 
 LIN'EAR, Linea'ris, Linea'Hus. Same ety- 
 mon. (F.) Lineaiie. Pathologists apply the 
 epithet linear to fractures which, are very nar- 
 row, and in which the fragments are scarcely 
 separated. 
 
 LINE'OLA; a diminutive of lAnea, 'a. line.' 
 A small ling. > , , 
 
 'LiNE'oLiE Mamma'eum. ' The white lines on 
 the hreasts. 
 
 LINGUA, Tongue^l. Bovis, Anchusa offici- 
 nalis-^l.Canina, Cynoglbssiim-r-I. Cervina, As- 
 plenium scolopendrium — 1. Eiigiiaj, Epiglottis 
 ^-1. Prognosis ex, Glo'ssohiantia;— ^1. Serpenta- 
 ria, OphiO^lossum vulgatjita. 
 
 Lraeui AVis, see Fraxlbus excelsior — 1. 
 Detentor, Glossocatochus — I. Exoncosis, Glos- 
 soncus-T-1. Scalpium, Cure-langue. 
 
 JAN'GXJ^XiyLingua'lis, from lingua, 'the 
 tongue.' Relating or belonging to the.topgue. 
 
 LiNGUAii Ak'ieet, ArWtia lingna'lis, arises 
 from the external carotid; and, after several 
 itortuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, be- 
 comes horizontal, and; under the name Ranine, 
 advances to the tip, where it anastomoses with 
 its fellow,. In its course, it gives offthe Barr 
 sails lingua and sublingual. ' ! , 
 
 LiNGUAt Muscle, Lingua'lii, Basio-glossifs, 
 (Cowper), Glossia'nus, is a small, long, fasci- 
 culus of fibres, hidden beneath; the Sides of the 
 tongue, between the hyoglossiis and styloglos- 
 sus muscles, which' are on the outside, and: the 
 genioglossus, within. This, muscle passes from 
 th^ base to the tip of the tongue ; and, at its 
 sides, is confounded with the muscles jpst re- 
 ferred to. It shortens thetongue, depresses its 
 point, and can carryU to the right or left side. 
 
 LiNGTTAL Neevib is a name'which has been 
 given to the ninth pair or hypoglossuS; which 
 see. Idngiial nerve is, also, a' term applied to 
 a branch given off from the Inferior maxillary, 
 or third branch of the fifth pair. Near its ori- 
 gin it anastomoses with, or simply runs plose 
 to, the chorda tympani. It afterwards gives off 
 a corisiderable number of filameiits, which are 
 di^ributed to the tongue, and some of virhich 
 are said to have been even traced as far as the 
 papillae ; — a distribution which has occasioned 
 it -to be regarded as the Gustatory nerife, (F.) 
 Neff gustatif. ' 
 
 Lin&ual,Vein follows nearly the saine dis- 
 tribution as the artery. It opens into the in- 
 ternal jugular. ; 
 
 LINGUALIS, Lingual mus(-le. 
 
 LINGULA, Ligula— 1. Fistulae, Epiglottis. 
 
 LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see Li- 
 num usitatissimUm. , . , i 
 
 LIN'IMENT, L{nini$n'tum,\Litws, Enchris'r 
 ton, Catiiel^ris'tpn, Pe/ieh'risit, Perickria'ton, 
 JLleiph^a, Aleim'ma, J&nchHs'in, Frictum, Fri- 
 eato'ritim, Inunc'iio, from, limre, 'to anoint 
 gently,' ''to anoint.' An unii^tuouS nnedicine, 
 containing usually oil or lard, vj'hich is used ex- 
 ternally in the form of friction. ' 
 ' LINIMENT AMMONIACAL, Linimen- 
 tum ammonias — L de Carbonate d' Ammoniaque, 
 Liniraentum ammoniae carbonatis. 
 
 LINIMENT ANTimlMORRHOlDALE 
 DE SIEUR ANDRY, (F.) This is formed 
 of Narbonne honey y Olive oil and Turpentine, 
 
 LINIMENT ANTIFARALYTIQUE, (F.) 
 
 Composed of subcarbonate of amtiioma, alcoho- 
 lized oil; block soap, and qil- of rosemary , 
 
 LiisiMENT, Antisceof'ulous, of Hufeland. 
 It is composed o{ fresh ox gall, White Soap, 
 Unguentum altha^sBj Volatile oil of petroleum, 
 Carbonate of ammonia, and Camphor. 
 
 LINIMENT CALCAIRE, Linimentum 
 aqujE calcis^l. Camphor, Liniraentum campho- 
 r£e—^. OrnjlpAre, Linimentum camphorae-^h of 
 Cantharides, camphorated', Linimentum e can- 
 tharidibus cam|)Horatum — I, Cantharide cam- 
 jjAre," Linimentum e cabtharidibus camphora- 
 tumr-^/. d'Eav, de chavfc, Linimentum aquae cal- 
 cis — 1. fff Lime Water, Linimentufn aquae calcis 
 — /. de Mereure, Linimentuna-, hydrargyria!- 
 Mercurial, Linimentum hydrargyri — I. Oleo- 
 ciflcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis. 
 
 LINIMENT RESOLUTIF DE POTT, 
 composed of dil of turpentine and muriatic acid. 
 Used in rheumatism, jswelHngs, &c. . 
 
 Liniment,, §AiNT Jojiti Long's. A liniment 
 used by ^ celebrated eihpiric at the cbramence- 
 ii\ent of the second quarter of the 19th century. 
 It is said to have consisted of oil of tui-pentine, 
 apd acetic acid, held in suspension by yolk of 
 egg. It was a powerful counterirritant. 
 
 LiNIMBNTDE S,4F0iV, Linimentijm sa- 
 ponis cqmpbsitum — I. de Savafn opiaci, Lini- 
 mentum saponiset opii. 
 
 , LINIMENT SAVONNEtJX HTDRO- 
 SULFURB DE JADELOT. Coiiipbsed of 
 sulphuret of\potass, ^vj, white soap fcij, oil of 
 poppy ftiv, oil of thyme gij : used in itch. 
 , LiKiMEHT;, Simple, Linimentum simplex — 1. 
 Soap, Liijimentup saponis — 1. Soap and opium, 
 Linimentum saporiis et opii— L Soap, compound, 
 Linirnentum' saponis compos.^l. Turpentine, 
 Linimentum terebinthinae — 1. of Verdigris, Li- 
 nimejitum siruginis-r-/'. de Vert-de-gtis, Lini^ 
 mentum ieruginis — /, Valatil, Linimentum am- 
 moniiB fortius. ' ' 
 
 LINIMENTUM, Liniment.- ' ' 
 
 LiNiMEN''iinM^iiu'GiNis, Ox'ym^lJ^ru'giais, 
 Unguen'tjim MSgyptiacum, Melli'tum de aceta'- 
 te cupri. Liniment of verdigris, {'SI) Lir^iment 
 de Vert-de-gris, MieL d' acetate de cuivre. (JEru- 
 gin. cont. ^j, acet.'^vij', mellis despiim. pond. 
 
 fxiv. Liqijefied, strained, and inspissated by 
 oiling,. Ph. 1.) It is used as an eschalrotic 
 and detergent; — diluted,^ as a gargle in venereal 
 ulceralions.^nd in foul ulcers. | 
 
 Linimentum .Album, Cei'atum cetacei, Un- 
 guentum C6|acei — 1. ad Ambustiones, L. aquie 
 calcis. , , 
 
 LiNiMENitiM AMMo'KiiE, Sapo ammomiaca'Hs, 
 Idnirken'tw^oTfrnionia'tum seu 'am.mo'nicvm seu 
 Anglica'oitUrk, Si apo ammo' nice olea'ceus, Ungvr- 
 en'tum album resol'vens. Oleum am^ttonia'tum, 
 Linimentum, oMimo'nia, Strong liniment of ami- 
 monia^ (T .)\Li'n,iment volatil on ammonidcal, 
 Savon, amvtdpniacal. {Liq. ammon. f. 5j, olei 
 oliva, f. gijj. Mix. Ph. U. S.) A, stimu- 
 lating and rubefacient s^oap. 
 
 Linimentum Ammo'nIjE Caeeona'tis, Lini- 
 ment of subcarb'ondte of ammo'niq, hiniinen- 
 tum ammo'nise, Linimentum volat'ili-; Harts- 
 horn and oil, (F.) Liniment de carbonate d'am- 
 moniaque. {Solut. subcarb. ammon. f. ^],olei 
 oliv. f. .^iij. ■ Shake till they unite.) A'^tiinu- 
 lating liniment, mostly used to relieve rheu- 
 matic pains, bruises, &c. i 
 • Linimentum Ammoniatum seu Ammonicum, 
 
LINIMENTUM 
 
 503 
 
 Ln» 
 
 L. ammoniae fortis— 1. Anglioanum, L. Ammo- 
 niae fortis — 1. ad Aphthas, Mel boracis. 
 
 liiNiMENTUM Aq,VM C Khcis, tiinimentum Cal- 
 eis, (Ph. U. S.) Oleum lini cum ealcB, Sapo cal- 
 ca'riua^ lAnimentum ad ambusHd'nes, lAnvment 
 of lime watery (F.) Liniment d'edu de chauXf 
 Savon calcaire^ ' Idmrnent calcaire, lAniment 
 oleo-cal(Caire. (^OteiJini; aquse calcisy aa partes 
 eequales. Misce.) A coojing and emollient 
 application to buinsaod scalds. 
 
 LiNiMENTun Akc^i, TJnguentum elemi com- 
 positum — 1.. de Boiate, Mel boiacis — ^1. Calcis, 
 L. aquae calcls. ' <. J- 
 
 LiNiMENTWM CAM'PHpxa, Oleum camphord'- 
 tum, Solu'tio camphoree oleo'sa. Camphor, lini- 
 ment) (F.) hiniment. Ca/mpkre, ' {Camphoree 
 giv, olei olives, f. gij. Dissolve.) . It is,use(i 
 as a stimulant and discutlent. 
 
 LlNIMENTtrJlI CaM'FHOE.^ CotllPOS'lTUM, 
 
 Ward's essence for the . headache, Covvpound 
 camphor liniment {Camphor §ij, liq. dmmionia 
 f. gii, spirit, lavand.i. Oj. Ph- L.) It is 
 sstimulant iind anodyne,^! 
 
 LiNlMENTUM E CaNTHAEID'IBUS CaJIPHOEa'- 
 
 TV!AfCam,ph'qrated liniment ofcanthar'ides, (F.)- 
 Ij, ca/ntharide ca/mphre, {Jl!inct,cantharid.^'SA, 
 ol. amygd. dUlc. §iv., sdpon, amygd: gj, -cam- 
 phor, gss. Dissolve tbe cairtphor in. the oil, and 
 add this mixture to the tincture and sqap. Ph. 
 P.) Rubefacient, and discutient. ' 
 
 LiNiMENTUM Cantha:e'idis, tinMMnt of Spa- 
 nish Flies, (Camtharii. in pUlv. gj : 01. Tere- 
 binth. Oss. Digest for three hours by means 
 <)f a water bath, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Used 
 as an excitant linimentin typhus, &c. 
 
 "LiNiMENTUM ' HYDEAE'eYKi, Mercu'riol lini- 
 ment, (F.) L. de mercure; (Jlng.' Hyd. fort^, 
 adip. praep. aa giv, camphora 5j, sp. red. git- 
 XV, liquor amman. f. giv. Rub the campihor 
 with the spirit; add! the ointment and lard j and, 
 lastly, gradua;lly add the solution. Ph. L.) ' It 
 is used as a stimulant and discutient to venereal 
 swellings, &c. c ' 
 
 LiNiMENTUM PLUMBAiuMjUngueHtum plumbi 
 superacetatis — L Saponaceutn opiatUip, L. sa- 
 ponis et opii.; 
 
 DiNIMENTUM SaPONA'CEUM HYDROSDLPHnEA'- 
 
 TUM. {Common Saapj 500 y.. Liquefy in a 
 water bath in an eartheli vessels and add white 
 poppy oil, 250 p. Mix intimatelyj and add dry 
 sulphuret of potass, 100 p. ' Beat together, eind 
 add oil of poppy-seed, 750 j). Ph. P.) ; In cu- 
 taneous aflections, as psora, herpes, &c. ■ 
 
 LiNiMENTUM SaPONATO-OAMPHORAIUM, L. 
 
 Saponis camphpratum. 
 
 LiNiMENTUM Sapo'kis, titictu'ra saponis 
 camphor a' ta {Ph. TT.'S.) Camphorated ^na- 
 ture of Soap, Soap Imiment. {Saponis concis. 
 Jiv: camphor. §ij, Ol.Bpsmarin..i. iss. alco- 
 h»L Oij. Digest the soap and alcohol in a wa- 
 ter bath, until the former is dissolved;- filter, 
 and add the camphor and oil — Ph. IT. S . ) Used 
 in sprains, bruises, and as an embrocation. 
 , Linimentom Sapo'kis Camphoea'tum, fj. S. 
 compos'itum, L. Saponato-eamphora'tum, BnV- 
 samium opodeldoc, Tirietvi/ra saponis camphora' - 
 ta, Opodel'doehj Steer's iopad£ldoch,(¥ .) L. de 
 Savon. Compound aoap tinimint. {Sapon. 
 vulgar, giij. Camphor, jj, 01. Bosmarini, 01. 
 Origan, aa f. gj. Alcohol Oj.. Digest the soap 
 with the alcohol in a sand bath, until it is dis- 
 solved; then add the camphor and oils, and 
 when they are dissolved, pour the liquor into 
 
 broad-mouthed bottles Ph. TJ. S.) Stimulant 
 
 and anodyne; in bruises, local pains, &c. 
 
 Freeman's Bathing Spirits consist of lin. sa- 
 pbn comp. coloured with' Daffy's elixir. 
 
 Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Free- 
 man's in the addition of sdn\e essential oils. 
 
 LiNiMENTUM Sapo'nis ET Opii, L. sapona'- 
 ceum qpia'tum., Soap and opium liniment, 
 Bates's anodyne ialsa>m,Balsmnium dnod'ynum, 
 Tinctura saponis et opii, (F.) L. de Savin qpi- 
 ace. (Saponis duri^iv, opii g j^ camphoi ce gij, 
 olei rorismarin. f. _^s, alcohol Orj. Ph. E.) 
 Anodyne; in ,(;hronJc rheumatism and local 
 painsin general. ... 
 
 Linimentom Simplex, Simple liniment, (6l, 
 oliv. 4 p. ceiae albse 1 p. fiat lihimetitum. Ph. 
 E.) ' Emollient, useij.io 'qhajjs, &c. 
 LiNiMENTUM Simplex,, Unguentum cerae. 
 
 LiNiMENTUM 't^BXBm'TS!.sM,.Turpen'tine li- 
 niment. (Cerat. resiTise, tbj, ol,' terebinth. Oss. 
 Meltthe cerate and stir in the oil.) A stimu- 
 lant; applied to burns, &c. 
 
 Li^iiMENTUM Volatile, L. ammoni» carto- 
 natis. ' ' I- 
 
 LINNiE'A.BOREA'LJS. This plant, called 
 after Linrisus, has a bitter, subastringent taste; 
 and is used, in' some places, in the form of fo- 
 mentation, in rheumatic pains, . An infusion in 
 milk is used, in Sw'itzerland for the' cure of 
 sciatica. ' , 
 
 LINOSPERMUiyE, see Linum usit^tissimum. 
 
 LINSEED, see. Linum usitatissimnm. 
 
 LINT, Caiibasus, Linteum. 
 
 LiNTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget. 
 
 lliIN'TEUM, L. earptiim seu rasum, Lintea'- 
 men, Oth'one, Oihon'ion,^Car'b,asusi Car'basa, 
 Car'pia, Motos, Motc^ JWotnm, Linamen'tum, 
 Tilma, Xystos, Xysma, Achni, lint, (F.) 
 Qharpie. A s'dft, flocculent substance, made 
 by scraping old liiien cloth, (F.) Charpie rivpit, 
 or'by unravelling old linen cut into srilall pieces 
 — (F.) Charpie brute ; and employed in surgery 
 as a dressing to wounds, ulcers, &c., either sim- 
 ply ox covered with ointment. 
 
 Linteum Caaptu,!!, see Linteum^^l. Rasum, 
 see Linteuni. 
 
 LINX7M, see Linum usitatissimum. 
 
 Linum Cathar'ticum, L. min'imum, Cha- 
 mceli'^um,^ Purging Jlax, or Mill .mountain, 
 {'S.yidrt.purgatif^ This plant is possessed of 
 cathartic properties, and has a bitterish, disa- 
 gree?,ble taste. Dose/ 3j in substance. 
 
 Linum Ceudiim, see Apolinosis — 1. Mini- 
 mum, L. Catharticnm. , 
 
 Linum Usitatis'simuM, Common flax, (F.) 
 Z<i«,.- . The seed Linum (Ph. U. S.), Sem'ina 
 lirdusitatis'simi, lATPOsper'ttium, Linseea,Flax- 
 s.eed', (T.) Grains de lin, are inodorous, and al- 
 most tasteless ; yielding mucilage to warm wa- 
 iter, and oil by expression. They are demul- 
 cent and emollient, Linseed, when grbund into 
 powder, forms a good emollient poultice, It is 
 only necessary to stir the powder into boiling 
 water. The oil. Oleum lini, Flaxseed oil, is 
 emollient and demulcent. 
 
 LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 LION'S FOOT, Prenanthes-1. Tail, Leo- 
 nnrus. 
 
 LIOPODIA, Leiopodes. 
 
 LIOPUS, Leiopus. 
 
 LIP, Sax. and Germ.-Lippe, Cheilos, La'- 
 bium, Labrrni, (F.) Uvre. The lips are com- 
 posed of different muscular fasciculi, nerves 
 
LIPA 
 
 503 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 and vessels, covered by the skin and mucous 
 membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe 
 the ahtferiOr aperture of that cavity; and are 
 inservient to mastication, pronunciation, &c. 
 They are distinguished into upp^r and lower — 
 Anoehei'lon, and Catochei'lon — and are placed in 
 front of each jaw, forming the anterior aper- 
 ture of the month between them. They unite 
 at each side, and form what are called the'aia- 
 gles or eommissurea of the mouthr—Phalin^. 
 Their free edge is covered with a mucous mem- 
 brane, of a more or less vivid red, according to 
 the individual. They receive their arteries 
 from the external carotid; Their veins open 
 into the two jugulars.. Theii' lymphatic ves- 
 sels descend into the ganglions situate beneath 
 th« t:hin. Their, nerves are derived from the 
 inff&rorbitar, mental^ and facial. ^ 
 
 Lips, La'hia, (F.) Livres 4e la vuive, are 
 folds belonging to the genital organs pf the fe- 
 male, and distinguisheid into— X. Labia pieelen'- 
 dfi Labia maja'ra, Episi'd, Ala puden'di mulie'- 
 bris, Hyrtockei'lides, ILippes,' Alee majo'reS) 
 Crtm'noi, (F.) Grandes ■ Livres. Thisse are 
 two memtranoBS folds, -thicker above than be- 
 loT(V, which limit the vulva laterally^ and ex- 
 tend from the inferior; part of th'd mona veneris 
 to. the' perinseum. They unite anteriorly'and 
 postferibrly, forming commissures ; the posteri- 
 or of which is called Fourchette. Their outer 
 surface is convex; formedjOf skin, and covered 
 with hair. The inner surfacfe is. red and co- 
 vered by a iaucous inembrane, continuous with 
 that lining the other parts of the vulva. ^The 
 space between the skin and mucous membrane 
 is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous bands, 
 some fibres of the constrictor vaginae muscle, 
 vessels,and nerves. , 
 
 We speak, also, of the IJps of ^ wound, ul- 
 cer, &e., when aUudiuig to, the edges of these 
 solutions of continuity. " 
 
 LIPA, xiTa^ fat; also, Lippitttdo. ' 
 
 LI'PARA, firom iwajof, 'fatty,* and itn-a, 
 ' fat.' Plasters, containing much oil or fat. 
 
 LIPARIA,- see Polysarcai. 
 
 LIPAROCE'LE, Lipoce'leyftom. Iwasoc, 
 'fatty,' and kjjXij, 'tumour.' A Lipo'mai or 
 fatty tumour of ttie scrotunj, Her'nia pingue- 
 dino^sia scroti. ^ ^ ■ 
 
 LIPAROLEy Pomatum, Pommude. 
 
 LlPAROTESj^'see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPAROTRICH'IA,frora,i(!rB|of,.'fat,' and 
 *5<l, 'hair.' Too great oiliness of the hair. 
 
 LIPASMA, see Polysarcia. " 
 
 LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania. 
 
 LIPHiEMf A, Leiphamia. 
 
 LIPH^MOS, Leiphsmos. 
 
 LlPO or LEIPO, utta-a, < I l^ave,' ' I forsake,' 
 'R&CidR, .Lcipopsychia, 'Leipoth^frma. 
 
 LIPOCELEjXiparbcele. , 
 
 LTPOCERBllA, Aposthia. 
 
 LIPOBERMOS, Leipodermos. . 
 
 LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from hmot, 'fat,' 'a 
 fatty tumour.' A fatty tumour of an encysted 
 or other ciharacter. 
 
 LIPOME'RIA, Leipome'ria, from \enra>, ' I 
 leave,' and /ne's, a part.' Monstrosity from 
 arrest of development, or from defect. Defi- 
 ciency of one or more of the parts of the body ; 
 for example, wl^ere apersononly has four fingers. 
 
 LIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
 
 LIPOS, Pinguedo. 
 
 LIPOSIS, see Polysarcia. 
 
 LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
 LIPPA, Chassie.' 
 LIPPIA, A^ali. 
 
 LIPPITU'DO,OpA*Aa;'OT8oc&ramV(!aofsome. 
 Lippitude, Blear-^ye, Lappa,Lipa, Xerbphthal'- 
 tma, Lema, Leme, Lemos'itas, Gleme, Glama, 
 Gra'mia. ' A copious secretion of the sebaceous 
 humour of the eyelids, which rendfers them gum- 
 my. It is owing to a state of chronic inflam- 
 mation of the tarsal margins ; the eyelids being 
 generfilly red^ tumefied, and painful. 
 
 LiPPiTjUDO NfeoNATOEtiM, See Ophthalmia. 
 
 LIpPUS, Ckassieux. 
 
 LIPSI'SANIMI,. Syncope. 
 
 LlPSQTRICHIA, Alopecia, Calvities. 
 
 LIQUAMU'MIA,.Jlrfep« A«OTa'»M*. Human 
 fat-^Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 LIQUARIUBl, Syriipus,simplex. 
 
 LIQUATIO, Liquefaction. 
 
 LIQUEFA'CIENT; Liguefa'eiena, from- li- 
 giiiduf, ' liquid,' an'd/ac««,,' to make.' A me- 
 dicinal agent, whlch^ seems to have the power 
 of liquefying solid depositions. ■ To this class 
 mercury, iodine, &c. have been referred by 
 same. ■, '" - 
 
 LIQUEFACTION, Ligua'tio, Liguefac'tio ; 
 (same etymon.) Transformation of a solid, sub- 
 stance into a liquid. It is used particularly in 
 speaking of metals and fatty bodies. - 
 
 LIQUEUR D'ALUMINE COMPOS AE, 
 Liquor aluminis 'Compos.' — I. Arsenieale, s1a\- 
 quor arsenicalis-^/, Fumante de Boyle, Ammo- 
 niae -^ulphuretumT— /. Fumamte de Boyle, -Tui- 
 qubr fuirlans Boylii — /. Volatile de come de cerf. 
 Liquor volatilis cornu cervi — i. de Cuivream- 
 momaeatf Liquor cupri ammoniati — I. de Per 
 alcalinej Liquor ferri alkalini — I. de Sojps-ac^- 
 tate de plo'tiib. Liquor plumbi subacetatiS— /. de 
 Potasse, Liquor potassa — /. de Sous-carbonate 
 de potasse, Liquor potassa; subcarbonatis. 
 
 LIQUID, DISINFECTIIifG, BARRETT'S* 
 see Barrett,s disinfecting Hqiiid-r-l. Disinfect- 
 ing, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlorinatae — I. 
 Disinfecting, Ledoyen's, see Ledoyen's.dt^in- 
 fecting liquid. 
 
 LIQUID AMBAR ASPLENIFOLI A, Comp- 
 tonia asptenifolia — 1. Officinalis, see Styrax — 1. 
 Perfigrina, Comptonia aspletiifolia. 
 
 LrQTJIDAM'BAR Stth.acif'lua, Lig^iidam'ira, 
 Sweet gum. The name of the tree whichaffords 
 the Liguid amber and Btorax liguida, Styrax 
 li^uida or Liguid storqx. Liquid amber "is a 
 resinous juice of a yellow colour, inclining to 
 red ; at first of about the consistence of turpen- 
 tine; by age, hardening into a solid, brittle 
 mass. It is not used medicinally. 
 
 Styrux Idguida is obtained froni this plapt 
 by boiling. There are two sorts : — one- more 
 pure than the.other. It is used, occasionally^ 
 as a stomachic, in the form of plaster. 
 
 LIQUIDUM NERVEUlVt, Nervous fluid. 
 
 LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 Liquor, Ligua'men, Hygifon, Hy'grotes. 
 (F.) Liguepr. A name given to many com- 
 pound liquids, and especially to those the bases 
 of which are water and alcohol. 
 
 Liquor Acinus Halleei, Elixir acidum 
 Ha,lleri — 1. .^thereus, Eth?r— 1. ^thereus sul- 
 phuricus, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici. 
 
 LiQuoE- Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'- 
 minis compos'ifa, Agua alumina' sa Batealna, 
 Compov/nd solu'tion of Alum, (F.) Ligueur 
 d'alumine composee, (,Aiuminis, zinci sulpha. 
 
. LIQUOR 
 
 304 
 
 . LIQUOR 
 
 Used as a coUyHum, when properly diluted, in 
 (Jphthalinia ; as an injection in gleet, leucor- 
 rlioea, &c. \ - 
 
 LiQuoE AMMo'Mii:, Liq. ammonia purse, hi'-, 
 cali uinmoni'g.cum Jlu'idum,\S,mmo'nia tiq'uidu, 
 A. cans' tica liguida, A. pur a Hquida, Liasiv'ium 
 ammdniacaUtSpintus Satis. ammoniaciaqiio[sus, 
 Aqya ammdnias, Apia ammonia cads'ticixy Li- 
 quid ammonia, Splvtion of ammonia, (F.) A^k- 
 monia^ue liquid^. (Directed tQ i>e iriade'jn the 
 Pharm. U. S. from muriate of Ammonia^ in 
 fine powder; and time, each a pound; distil/bd 
 water a pintj jeater, nine fluidJSunces. . The. 
 water is employed , to slake 'the lime; this is 
 mixed with the muriate of ammonia and put 
 into a glass, retort in a saiid bath. Heat is ap- 
 plied so as to drive off Ihh ammonia, which is 
 made to pass into a ^nart tpttlp containing the 
 distillted water. To 'every ounce of the product 
 three and a half fluidrachms df distilled water 
 are added, or as much as may bp necessary to 
 raise its s. g. to 0.9O. This Liquor Ainmonia; 
 may alsobe made by mixing one part of liquor, 
 ammoniae fortior wjtb two parts of distilled 
 water. (Ph. U. S. 1842.) y The Uqnor Am- 
 monia fortior, or s^r'orf^ger sbl^tiqn of ammonia 
 (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of limmonia 
 of the s. g. 0.8^2. It is stipiulanty antacid, and 
 rubefacient, Dose gtt. to xx, in water or milk. 
 Liquor Ammonlk Aceta'tis, Al'jeali ammo- 
 nifdcum 'aeeta'tiim,, Ahali v.olatfilS dcetaltvm,. 
 Aqua aceta'tis amimo'nis. Solution of acetate of 
 ammonia, Aqi^ia dmmo^nice aceta^e^, Ace'tas a/m- 
 mofdcB, Spprit of Winders' r-us, Sal a/m/moni'acum 
 vegetab'ile, Spir'itms ophthal'micus Mindere'ri, 
 S'al aceta'susav^dniaca'lisu.^ {Jimmion, carbon. 
 §ij, acid. acet. dil. Biv; Or add the sfilt till the 
 acid is saturated. A <sudorifici externally, 
 cooling. Dose, f, gij to f. ^i^s. • , • 
 
 Liquor Ammonia, SuBOARBONA'Tls,-Sofe'tio 
 subcafhonatis a/m/monice. Aqua ca/rbotiatis am- 
 moni3£. Solution of subcarbonqite of ammonia. 
 {ATnmoniae carbon, ^vii], aqnd desRllaty Oj. 
 Dissolve and filter through paper.) Use ; — the 
 same as that of the carbonate of ammonia, (q. v.) 
 Liquor Ammonii Hydrothiodis," Ammoniae 
 -snlphuretum — 1. ex Ammon)a etoleo Suiccini,' 
 Spiiitus ammoniae succinatus. 
 
 Liquor A'm'nii, Aqua amnii. The liquor of 
 the amnids., (F;) Eamx de I'aannios. The, 
 fluid exhaled by the amnios, And which envelops 
 the fpetus during the whole period of ufero; 
 gestation. It is often simjly called the watery j 
 i(F.) Les Eaux. It? relative quantity dimi- 
 nishes aspregnancy advances^ although its abr 
 solute quantity cofitinues to increase till the 
 period of delivery. In some women only five 
 or six ounces are met with: in others, it 
 amounts to pints. . It is limpid, "yello Wish, or 
 whitish ; exhales a faint smell, anjd has a slighfly 
 saline taste. It contains water in considerable 
 quantity; albumen; chloride of sodium ; phos- 
 phate of lime; an alkaline substance; and a 
 particular acid. It facilitates the dilatation of 
 the uterus, and aids delivery by acting as a soft 
 wedge ejiclosed in its membranes, &c. It is 
 probably inservient to useful purposes in the 
 nutrition of the foetus. 
 
 Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus 
 itheris sulphurici compositus— 1. Anodynus 
 martialis,, Alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. 
 
 sing, gss, aqua fervent. Oij. Dissolve and Liquor Arseiuca'lis, L. potas'sse arseni'tis 
 filter throughpaper,) Detergent and stimulant. (Ph. U. S.),.Solu'tio arsetiicalis, S. arsenica'ta, 
 
 S. arseni'tis Ji:aVicse,Arseri'ical solutipn, Min'- 
 eral solvent, Ar'senispotas'sie liq'uidus, Ar'- 
 senis potasiseaquo'suSf Fowler's solution of ar- 
 senic, Solven's, minerd'^ll,Ital'iarp poison, Aqjia 
 Tafa'na, {1.) Aqua, Tofa'nia,Acqua defla Toffa- 
 na, Aequo, di Napoli^ Acquit' ta. Tasteless ague 
 drop, (F.) Liqueur arsenicale, (Acidr Arse- 
 nips, in- pulverem siibtileta tiiti, potassa car- 
 bon'atis pur., sin'g. gr. hay ., aquse destillat. q. 
 s. . Boil together the arsenipus, acid and car- 
 bonate of potassa with'twelve fluidounces of 
 distilled water, in a glass vessel, until the ar- 
 senic is dissolved. When the solution is cold, 
 add Tinct. lavand,' c, f. giv, and as much dis- 
 tilled water a,^'wlll make the Whole one pint. 
 Fh. U. S.). 'ft'gj, coiitains g'r. ss. of the arse- 
 nious acid. Dose, gU-xx. / , 
 
 Liquor Arsenigi j:t Htdearsyri Iodidi, 
 see Arsenic aijd IVferdufy; iodide of— 1. Ba:rii 
 chloridi, Bafyta;, mnriat^, solution of— 1. Bel- 
 lostf, L. Hydrargyri nitrici— 1. Calcii chloridi, 
 see Calcis murlas. ' ■ -, *- ' 
 
 Liquor CALqis,;So/M'iJo calcis. Aqua eaieis. 
 Aqua henedic'td, .Calc'a'ria pura 'liq'uida. Aqua 
 calca'rise Usta, Svlution vf Lime, Lime Water, 
 (I".) EoM de ehaiicc. (Calcis §iv. aq.'destill. 
 Cong.' .Pour the 'Water on the lime, and stir. 
 J<et it stand in a covered vessel three hours ; 
 bottle the lime arid water in stopped bottles, 
 and, use the clear solution.) It is a:?tringent, 
 tonic, and antacid; and' is used in diarrhoea, 
 diabetes, heartburn, &c'., and as a lotion to foul 
 and cancerous, ulcers, '&c.- Dose, §ijj to Oss, 
 in. milk. ; ^ ■ • ■ 
 
 Liquor Calcis C,om.voi'ti33s,,Aqud, cdl'cis 
 Comp6s'itii,,Com,pound liTtie 'water. Aqua bene- 
 dic'la compos'ita,^ (^.) Eau de chaux corripose. 
 {Lign, guaide. ras. Bss,, rad. glycyrrh. ^j, cort, 
 sass^afras,^s&] semin. cqrian^, J^ij, liquor col- 
 ds, OVj. Macerate for two days,; and filter.) 
 It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and astringent, and 
 is used in cutaneous aiTections. \. 
 
 Liquor Galois Muriatis, -see Calois^murias 
 — 1. CereriSj-'CereyisiaT— 1. Chloreti natri, L. 
 sodae chlorinatae— 1. Chlorini, see Chl6ririe.i-1. 
 Chlorureti natri, L. .Sodae drlorinatae — 1. Chlo- 
 ,rurfeti sodae, L. goda: chlorinatae. 
 
 LitiuoR QuPRi Ammonia'ti, Aqua cupri am- 
 morda'ti. Aqua sapph'ari^na, Blue'eyewater,' So- 
 lution of ammoniat^d, copper ; (F.).'Jjiquetir ou 
 Eau de. cuiyre ammoniacal. j ( Cupri amrnoniat, 
 ^j.aquse destiU. Oj. Dissolve and filter the 
 solution through. paper. Ph. L.) Corrosive 
 arid detergent. Used externally to foul ulcers; 
 and diluted with an equal part of distilled wa- 
 ter, it is applied by means of a hair pencil to 
 specks and films on the, eye. 
 
 LiQtjoa Cupri SttLPHA'-TisCoMP05'iTUS,yl'g'K» 
 cupri vitriola'ti composita. (^Cupri .sulphat., 
 alumin: sulphat. aa^^iijt aquce, furce Oij, add 
 sulpk' )5ij. Boil the salts in the water until 
 they are dissolved ; then filter -the. liquor, and 
 add the acid.) Used as an astringent in epis- 
 taxis, &c. It was- also called ^!?«4 Styp/tica. 
 
 Liquor Cyeeniacus, Benjamin— 1. Excitans, 
 Spiritus ammoniae succinatus. 
 
 Liquor Ferki Alkali'ni, Solution of Alka- 
 line Iron, (F.) Liqueur defer alcaline, (Ferri 
 .^iiss, acid, nitric, ^ij, aqua destillat. f. ,^vj, 
 liq. potass, subearb.'f.^vy To the acid and wa- 
 ter mixed, add the iron; and, after the effer- 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 505 
 
 LIQUOR 
 
 vescence,add the clear solution, gradually, to the 
 Nq. potasses subcari.; shaking it occasionally 
 till it assumes adeep hrown-red colours and the 
 effervescence stops. After six hours' settling, 
 pour off the clear solution. Ph. L.) It is to- 
 nic, like other preparations of Iron. Dose, f. 
 gss to f. 3iss. 
 
 Liquor Feer'i Io'didi, Solution of Iodide of 
 Iron, Syru'pus Ferri io'didi. Syrup of Iodide 
 of Iron: {lodin, gij, Ferri lament. §j, Mel. 
 despiimat. f. §v, Aquee destillat. q. s, .Mix 
 the iodine ■with f. gx of the distilled water, in 
 a porcelain or glass vessel, and gradually add 
 the iron filings, constantly stirring. Heat the 
 mtxtur-e gently until the liquor acquires a light 
 greenish colour ; then, havipg^added the honey, 
 continue the heat a short tirae, and filter. Last- 
 ly, pour distilled water upon the filter, and al- 
 low it to pass until the whole of the filtered 
 liquor measures twenty fiuidounces. Keep the 
 solution in closely^topped bottles. — Ph.U. S.) 
 Dose, 10 to 30 drops, 
 
 LiQUOB Feeki MtrEiATis, Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riatis — 1. Ferri Nitratip, see Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riatis — 1. Ferri Sesquinitratis, see Tindtura 
 ferri muriatisJ ' 
 
 LiQuoE FuMANS Boy'lii, Sulphtire'tiiTit Am- 
 mo'niee 'Sydrogena'twniy Hydrosulphure'ticm 
 Ammonias, Tinctu'ra , S'^Pphuris Volat'ilis, 
 Aqjla Sulpiure'ti Ammonite, Boyle's Fuming 
 liqiuir, (F.) Liqueur fuMante de Boyle. It is 
 possessed of nauseating and emetic properties, 
 and has been given in diabetes and diseases of 
 excitement as a deoxygtnizer ! 
 
 LiQTjoE FuMifTG, Boyle's, Liquor fumaris 
 Boylii — 1'. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate 
 of — 1. Genital, Sperm — 1. of Hartshorn, vola- 
 tile. Liquor volatOis cornii cervi.' 
 
 Liq'uoe Hydeae'gyei Niteici, L. Bellosti, 
 (Fi) Eati mercuriell'e, Eau centre la gangrine, 
 Remede du Due d'Antin, R.du Capu-cin, (fi^- 
 drjirg. 120 p., acid nitr. (33°,) 150 p. Dis- 
 «olvej and add to the solution, distilled water, 
 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose, two or three drops in a 
 glass of water. Not much used. 
 
 LiQuoE Hydeae'gyei Oxysmueia'tisj Solu'- 
 tion of Oxymuriateaf Mercury, Liquor Swiete- 
 nis, Ij. Syphitit'ieus Turneri, Mu'rias hydrar- 
 gyri spirituo'sus liq'uidiis, Solictio Muria'tis 
 I hydrar'gyri oxygenati. Liquor or Solution of 
 ■'. Corro^sive Sui'limate or of Van Sudeten. {Hyd. 
 oxym. gr. >iij, aqua destill. f. §xv, sp. rect. f. 
 Ij. Dissolve in the water and add the spirit. 
 Ph. L.) Dose, f. Jjss, or f. gj. 
 
 Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and So- 
 ^omon's Anti'Impetig'"enes — ^all nostrums — 
 Beem t6 be disguised solutions of Corrosive 
 Sublimate, 
 
 LiQnoE Hydeiodatis Aesenici et Hydeae- 
 «YEi, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. 
 
 LiQUOE Io'dIMI ColfPOS'lTUS, Sotii'tio Potas'- 
 is'i io'didi lodure'ta. Compound < Solution of 
 Iodine, I/ugol's Solution. (^lodin.Zvj, Potass. 
 Wirf.. giss, Aquse destillat. Oj. Dissolve the 
 loSine and iodide of potassium in the Water. — 
 PIi. U. S.) Do&e, g"- vj. ad xij, in sugared 
 Water. 
 
 LiQUOE LiTHAKGYRI SuBACETATIS, L. plum- 
 
 M subacetatis — 1. Lithargyri snbacetatis com- 
 positus. Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 LiQUOE OF Monro, Solution of Monro. A 
 solution, used by Monro for the preservation of 
 anatomical preparations. It was composed of 
 33 
 
 alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm.of nitrip 
 acid to each piitt. 
 
 LjQUOE Moe?hi'nje seu Moephiji; Aoeta'tis, 
 Solution of Acetate of Morphia,. An'odyne 
 Drops. {Acetate of morphia, gr. xvj, distilled 
 water, f. ^y]' dilute acetic acid, f, g-ij.). Dose, 
 from six1;o t-wenty-four drops., 
 
 LiquoE MoEPHi'NiE' seu Mop'pHiji; Sulpha'- 
 TiS, Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. {Mor- 
 phia sulphat.^gi. viij, aqua destillat. Oss. 
 Dissolve the'sulphate of morphia in the water. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, f. 3j to f.' 3 ij— containing 
 from an eighth to a quarter of a grain. / 
 
 LiQUOE Natei Oxymheiatici, L. Sodae chlo- 
 rinatiE — 1. Nervinus Bangii, Tincjura setherea 
 camphorita — 1. Oleosus Sylvii, Spiritus ammo- 
 niee arortiaticus — '1. Opii sedativus, (Haden's,) 
 see Tinct'nia opii". 
 
 LiquoE Opii Sedati'vus. An empirical pre- 
 paration by a London druggist of the name of 
 Battley. It is presumed to be a solution of 
 acetate of morphia, or of opium, in some foi;m 
 in vinegar. It is devoid of many of the narcotic 
 effects of opiurn. 
 
 Liquor Ovi Albus, Albumen ovi — 1. Pan- 
 creaticus, see Pancreas — 1. Pericardii, see Peri- 
 cardium — 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 
 1. Plumbi diacetatiSj Liquor Plumbi subace- 
 tatis. 
 
 ' Liquor Plumbi Subaoeta'tis, Liquor Sul- 
 aceta'tis lAthar'gyri, Solution of Suhacetate of 
 Lead, Liquor Plumbi Aceta'tis, L.P. Diaeeta- 
 tis, Gljulard's Extrac'tum S'aiur'ni, I/ithar'gyri 
 Ace'tum, 0.) Liqueur de sous-acetate^ de Plgmb. 
 (Plurhb, acet. ,^xvj. Plumb, oxid. semivitr. m 
 pulv. subtil. 5ixss, aq. destillat. Oiv. Boil to- 
 gether in a glass or porcelain vessel, for half 
 an hour's occasionally adding distiljed water, so 
 as to preserve the measure. Filter through pa- 
 per, ,and keep the solution in closely stopped 
 bottles.— Ph. U..,'S.) It is used externally as a 
 cooling astringent, arid discutient, when diluted 
 with distilled water. 
 
 Liquor Plumbi Subaoeta'tis Dilu'tus, Li- 
 quor Sjihaceta'tis hithar'gy^i Compgs'itus, 
 Aqaia Satur'nij Ace'tas Plumti diiu'tum alco- 
 hol'icum, Dihited Solu'tion of Sttbac"etate of 
 lead. Aqua veg"eto-minera'lis, Tinctu'ra plum- 
 bo' sa.. Aqua Lithar'gyri Aceta'ti compos'ita. Li- 
 quor Plumbi Aceta'tis dilu'tus, Goulard water, 
 (F.) Eau blanche, 'Eau de Goulard, Eau vege- 
 to-minerale. White Wash, Royal Preventive. 
 (Liq. plumHvubacet. f. gij, aquce destillat. Oj. 
 Ph. U. S.) Properties the same as the last, 
 but feebler. 
 
 ; Liquor Potas's^, '-Aqua Potas'sce, Aqua 
 Kali Caiist'iai, Solution of Potash, Lixiv'ium 
 ma.gistra'le, L, Sapona'riiim, Soap Lees, Aqua 
 Kali puri. Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sticum, 
 Potas'sq Hq'uida, (F.) Eau, Solution ou liqueur 
 de Potasse, Potasse liquide, Lessive des Sa- ' 
 vonniers. {Potassa ggrb. ffij, calcis 'S}SS,aqux 
 destill. feriient. congium. Dissolve the alkali 
 in Oij of the water, and add the remainder of 
 the lime. Mix the whole : set aside in a close 
 vessel, and, when cold, filter through calico. 
 Ph. L.) It is antilithic. in cases of uric acid 
 calculi, and antacid. Externally, stimulant and 
 escharotic. Dose, g't- x to xx. 
 
 Liquor Potass*: Aesehitis, L. arsenicalis 
 — 1. Potassse Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarboriatis. 
 LiQUOE PoiASSiE Citea'tis, Solution of Ci- 
 trate of Potassa, Neutral Mixture,. Saline 
 
LIQUOR 
 
 506 
 
 LITHIA 
 
 Mixture. (Suoc. himon. Osa, Potass. Carlo- 
 nat. q. S;) Saturate By the carbonate of potassa, 
 and filter; or, AHd.Gitrie gss; 01. Urrum. % 
 iji Aqux Oss, Pdfass. Carionat. q. s.; dis- 
 solve, saturate by the carbonate of potassa, 
 and filter. Ph. XT. S.)< Used in fevflr, but pro- 
 bably of little or no efficacy. 
 
 LiQUOE POTASS^E SuBGAKBONaIis; L. P. 
 
 Carbonatis (Ph; U. S.), Aijua Subecerbontftis 
 Kali, O'leum Tar'tari per deliq'uium, Aqua 
 KaliyLimiv'ium Tariari, Aqua Kaliprapara'H, 
 Oil af Tartly, Saline oil of Tartar, Salu'tion 
 of Subear'honate of Potass, ( F . )ldqiieur de sous- 
 carbonate de Potasse, Lessive de Tartre, (Po- 
 tass, subearb.m, aqusedestillat.f. .^xij. Dis- 
 solve and filter through paper.) Dose; g't. x~ to 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Liquor Potassii Iodidi seu PoTassi Hy- 
 DEioda'tis, Solution of Iodide of Potassium or 
 of Hydrio'date of Potass. (Potassii iodid. gr. 
 35, ttqttx destillat. f. f j.) Dose, gw. xx, three 
 times a day. ' ,' 
 
 Liquor, Propagatory, SpBrnf-T-l. Prostati- 
 cus. Prostatic liquor — 1. Puris, see Pus. 
 
 Liquor Sang'uinis. This term has been 
 given by Dr. Babington to one of the constitu- 
 ents of the blood, the other being the red parti- 
 cles. He,considers, from his experiments, that 
 fibrin and serum do not exist as such in circu- 
 lating blood, -but that the J^quor. Sanguinis — 
 Plasma, of Schultz, CoagulaUe or ' plastic 
 Lymp/i—vfheii removed from' the circulation 
 and no longer subjected to the laws of life, has 
 then, and not before, the property of separating 
 into fibrin and serum. It is' the oxyprotein 
 of the liquor sanguinis, after the. red particles 
 have subsided, which, according to Mulder, 
 forms the buffy teat of inflammatory blood. 
 Liquor of Scarpa, Vitrine auditive. 
 Liquor' Sem'Inis. The homogeneous, trans- 
 parent fluid, in which th^ spermatozoa, and se- 
 minal granules ^re suspended. — Wagner. 
 LiqUor SoDiE Chloridi,,L. sodae chlorinatae. 
 Liquor Sqd« Chloe'ina't^e,' L. soda cMo'- 
 ridi, L, soda oxymuriat'ic<B,L. ehlore'ti natri, 
 L. chlorureti natri, L. chloreti sodae, L. chloru- 
 re'ti sodc^, jSfatrum chlora'tum liq'iiidum, L. 
 natri oxymuriat'ici. Aqua natri oxynvuriat'ici, 
 Ijabarraque's Disinfecting Liquid, Sohttion of 
 Chlorinated Soda. (Calci^ CJilorinat. ibj ; Soda- 
 Cari&nat. ftij; Aqua cong. iss. JDissoIVe the 
 carbonate of soda in three, pints of the water, 
 with- the aid of heat. To the remainder pf the 
 water add, by small portions at a time, the 
 chlbrihated lime, previously well triturated, 
 stirring the mixture after each addition. Set 
 the mixture by for several hours, that the dregs 
 may subside; decant the clear liquid, and mix 
 it with the solution of carbonate of soda. Last- 
 ly, decant the clear liquor from the precipi- 
 tated carbonate of lime, pass it through a linen 
 cloth, and keep it in bottles secluded from the 
 light; Ph. U. S.) UseOTn the same cases as 
 the chloride of lime. Internally, 10 drops to a 
 fluidrachm, for a dbse^ Diluted with water, it 
 is an excitant and disinfectant in various m^>rbi 
 externi. _ 
 
 Liquor Sod;e EpfervescenSj Acidulous wa- 
 ter, simple — 1. Sodae Oxymuriaticajj L. sodae 
 chlorinatie — 1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiri- 
 tus setheris sulphuriei — 1. Swietenis,L. hydrar- 
 gyri oxymuriatis — 1. Syphiliticus Turneri, L. 
 hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1. Tartari emetici, 
 
 Vinum antimonii tarjarizati— 1. of Van Swi 
 ten, J/, hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
 
 Liquor Volat'ilis CorImu Cervi, L. vola 
 His Cornu Cervi' mi, Vol'atile Liquor of Hart 
 horn, Spir'itus Lumbrico'rtim, Spir'itus Mill 
 peda'rum, Spifitus Oomu Cervi, Liquor v 
 lat'ilis os'sium; Hartshorri, Spirit of Hartshor 
 Bone Spirit, (F.) Liqueur volatile de Cor. 
 de cerf. This is a solution of subcarbonate 
 ammonia, impregnated with empyreumatie oi 
 It possesses the same virtues as the subcarb 
 nate of ammonia. It is in common usq to sme 
 at, in faintings, &c. 
 
 Liquor Volatilis Ossium,L. Volatilis con 
 cervi, , , 
 
 ■ Liquor Zinci Sulpha 'tis cum Camph'or. 
 Aqua Zinci vitriola'ti aim Camphdra, Aqua v 
 triol'iea eamphora'ta. Aqua ophthal' mica,, Cor, 
 man Eye Water. (Jginci sulph. gss, cdrkpko 
 Z^,aq.bullient.O\y, dissolve and filter.) Use 
 as a lotion for ulcers,' or, diluted With wate 
 as a collyrium! ' 
 
 LIQUORICE, Glycyrrhiza— 1. Bush, Abri 
 precatoriiis — 1. Juice, see Glycyrrliiza^i. R( 
 fined, Extractum glycyrrhizae^l. Spanish/ se 
 Glycyrrhiza — 1. Wild, Aralia nudicaulis. - 
 LIQUORITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
 LIRIODEN'DRON, Liriodendron tulipifert 
 Tulipifera Lirioden' dron. Old luife's shin 
 Tuli'p'Tree, Poplar Tree, Tulip-bearing Poplai 
 American Poplar, White Wood, Cypress Trei 
 (New England,) (F.) Talipier.' 'The bark- 
 biriodendron (Ph.U. S.) — especially of th 
 root, of this noble forest tree, which is indige 
 nous in the United States, is a strong aromatic 
 bitter, and has been employed advantageoosh 
 as a toni^. An active principle was s^pa 
 rated from it by Professor J. P. Emmet o^ thi 
 University of Virginia, and has been called Li 
 rioden'drin. It is not used in medicine. 
 
 LIS 5Ii.(liVC,;Lilium candidiim— /. Aspho 
 dele, Asphodelus ramosos. - 
 
 LISERON, GRAND, Conifolvulus sepiutr 
 — I. des Haies, Convolvulus sepium — I. Meeha- 
 meek. Convolvulus panduratns. 
 
 LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see 
 Sparadrapum adhssiVum. 
 
 LITE, jiiTn. A plaster, formerly made oi 
 verdigris, wax, and resin. — Gralen; 
 
 iilTHAGO'GUM, from »,ao(, 'a stone,' and 
 ayu, ' I expel.' A remedy which was supposed 
 to possess the power of expelling calculi. Also, 
 a lithotomy forceps.. 
 LITHANTHRAX, Carbofossilis. 
 LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum 
 — 1. of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum 
 — 1. of Silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquor plflmbi 
 subacetatis. 
 
 , LITHARGYRUM, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 
 LITHARGYRUS, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
 treum. 
 LITHAS, Urate; 
 
 LITHATE, Urate— L of Soday Urate of soda. 
 LITHEC'TASY, from a;«o?, 'a stone,* and 
 ixTMif, 'dilatation;' Cystee'tasy. An opera- 
 tion which consists iii extracting stone from 
 the bladder by dilating the neck of the organ, 
 after making an incision in the perineum, and 
 opening the membranous portion of the ure- 
 thra. 
 LITH'IA, lithVasia, Lithogen'ia, Vri'asis, 
 
LITHLE CARBONAS 
 
 507 
 
 LITHOTOMY 
 
 VroUthi'asis, Caehea^ia ealeulo'^a, Cal'euli 
 Moriua, Lapilla'tio, (xenera'tio eal'ettli, from 
 Klit!, 'a stone.' The foimation of stone, gra- 
 veli or concretions in the human body. Also, 
 an affection in which the eyelids are edged.with 
 small, hard, and stone-like concretion?. 
 . Lith'ia, Cae'bonate op, Lith'ia Car'honas, 
 (F.) Carbonate de- Lithine. A salt found in 
 certain mineral waters, which have heen service- 
 able in lithuria. Hence, it ha| been suggested 
 in that morbid condition. 
 
 LiTHiA Renalis AREiiosA,Gravel— l.Renalis, 
 Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, vesical. 
 
 LITHI^ CARBONA&, Lithia, carbonate 
 
 LITHIASIS, Lithia— 1.., Cystica, Calculi, 
 vesical — 1. Nefihretica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis. 
 
 Lithi'asis PnLMo'NUM, Fulmo'nes tartariza'- 
 H. The forriiation of concretions in the lungs, 
 occasioning at times the Phthisis ealculo'aa, 
 Fhthisie caleulgiuai, of Bayle. 
 
 Lithiasis Renalis Ahekosa, Gravel — I. Rbt 
 nalis. Nephrolithiasis — I. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve- 
 sical. I 
 
 LITHIC, Lith'ieus. Same etyitaon. Be- 
 longing to lithic or uric acid, or to stone : hence 
 Lithic Diath'eiii: the habit of body which fa- 
 vours the deposition of li^c acid and tlje 
 lithates from the urine. 
 
 Lithic Acid, Uric acid. 
 
 LITHINE, CARBONATE DE, Lithia, 
 cafbonate of. 
 
 LITHOCENOSJS, Lithotrity.' 
 
 LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOPIALYSIS, Lithotrity. 
 
 I.ITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodraa'sims, (r.)ii- 
 thodrassigue, from >.i6o;, 'a stone,' and d^^tra^iv, 
 ' to seize hold of.' An epithet ^iven to a form 
 of stone forceps-^7-Pi«ce lithodrassique — used 
 in the Qperation of lithotrity, by MMi Meirie% 
 and'Tanchou. v- 
 
 LITHOGENIA, Lithia. 
 
 LITHbID, Idtho'des, Lithoides; from Xi- 
 ht, ' stone,' and eijoc, ' resemblance.' Of the 
 nature of stone, or resembling stone : as 
 
 LITHOIDES OS, see Temporal bone. 
 
 LITHOIABB (F.), Lithol'atrum. An in- 
 strument employed for laying hold, of a stone in 
 the bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that litho- 
 tritic instruments ^n act upon it. 
 
 LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.) 
 
 LITHOL'ABUM, from.x.Sor, f a stone/ and 
 
 ^1 Mii^aru, '1 seize.' An instrument concerned 
 
 ' in extracting stone from the bladder. It had 
 
 various shapes. — Fabricius ab Aqfapendente, 
 
 Uildanus. See Litholabe. 
 
 LITHOME'TRA, from Xrfot, ' a stone,' and 
 fi.t]Xf<i, ' the uterus.' Osseous, or other con- 
 cretions of the uterus. 
 ,. LITHONTRIP'TIC, LithontHp'tims, U- 
 It. thonthryp'tiCj Calovlif'ragui, Saxifrngvs, 
 from A/flos, 'a stone,' and S^utttoi, 'I break 
 in pieces.' A remedy believed to be capable 
 of dissolving calculi in the urinary passages. 
 There is not much reliance to be placed upon 
 such remedies. By antilithics, exhibited ac- 
 I lording to the chemical character of the calcu- 
 lus (see Calculi, urinary,) the disease may be 
 prevented from increasing ; but most of the 
 vaunted lithontriptics for dissolving the cal- 
 culus already formed have been found unworthy 
 of the high encomiums which have accompa- 
 nied their introduction. 
 
 ' LITHOPiE'DION, Infans lapide'vs, Osteo- 
 psi'dion, from M^ffot, • a stone,' and vait, 'a 
 child.' A fcetus, petrified, in tjie body pf ths 
 ipother." 
 
 LITHOPRINI^, Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOPRIONE, from xiflot, ' a stone,' and, 
 irgiat, ' a saw.' An instrument proposed by M. 
 Leroy'for preventing the fragments of a callus, 
 wheii subjected to lithotrity, from falling into 
 the bladder. It is a variety of litholabe,, 
 
 LITHORINEUR, from Xi6os, 'a stone,' and 
 Sivut, 'to. file.' A" instrument, proposed by 
 MM. Meirieu and Tanchou for. filing down 
 calculi in the bladder. 
 
 LITHOS, Calculus. 
 
 LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, Mil'- 
 iurn Solis, jBgdn'ychoh, Gromwell, Bastard Al'- 
 kunet, (F.) Grtmil offidnal, Herbe aux Perles, 
 Tke seeds of this plant were formerly supposed, 
 from their stony hardness, {Xf&oq, ,' a stoiie,' 
 andoTiej/ia, 'seed,') to be efficacious in calcu- 
 lous affections. They have, also, been Consi- 
 dered diuretic. 
 
 LiTnosPEBMUM ViLLosDM, Anchusa tinctoria. 
 
 LITHOTERE'THRUM, from Ji«os,« stone,' 
 and -leqsiv, ' to rub.' A lithotritor. 
 
 LITHOTHRYPSJS, Lithotrity: 
 
 LITHOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
 
 LITHOTQME, Lithot'pmus, frornl U9of, 'a 
 stone,' and tsiij'oi, ' I cut.' This name has been 
 given to a number of instruments of differept 
 shapes and sjizes, which, are u^ed in the opera- 
 tion for the stonp, to cut the neck or, body of 
 the bladder. The.y ought, with more propriety, 
 to, be called Cyjioiomej. 
 
 The .Lithotome Cachi of Frere Come is- the 
 most known, and is still occasionally used. ' It 
 j^ -composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath, 
 slightly curved,: in this there is a cutting blade, 
 which can be forced out, by pressing upon a bas- 
 cule or liver, to any extent that may be wished 
 by the operator. 
 
 A Double Lithotome wjts used by Dnpuytren 
 in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOT'OMIST. Same etympn. UthqU- 
 omus. One who devotes himself entirely to 
 operating for the stone. One who practises li- 
 thotomy. ,, 
 
 LITHOT'OMY, - lAthotom/ia, Cystotom'ia, 
 Urolithoto'm'ia, Se'etio vesica'Hsg Lithocystot'omyf 
 same etymon. (F.) Taille. The operation by 
 which a stone is extracted from the bladder. 
 The different methods, according to which this 
 operation may be practised, are reducible to five 
 principal ; each of which has experienced nu- 
 merous niodlfibations. 
 
 , 1 . The Method ofCelsus, Meth'odus Celsia'- 
 na, Cystotom'ia eutn appara'tu paryo, Appard'- 
 tus Minor, Cutting on the Gripe. This con- 
 sisted in cutting upon the stone, after having 
 made it project a,t the perinseum by means of 
 the fingers introduced into the rectum. This 
 method was attended with several inconvenien- 
 ces ; such as the difficulty of dividing the parts 
 neatly, injury done to the bladder, as well as 
 the impossibility of drawing down the stone in 
 many persons. It is sometimes, also, called 
 Meth'odus Guyionidna; from Guy de Chauliac 
 having endeavoured to remove from it the dis- 
 credit into which it had fallen in his time. It 
 was termed Apparatus Minor, (F.) Le pftit 
 appareil, from the small number of instruments 
 required in it. 
 
LITHOTOMY 
 
 508 
 
 UTHUS 
 
 2. Apparatus Major. This method was in- 
 vented, in loSO, by John de Rdmani, a surgeon 
 of Cremona, and communicated by him to Ma- 
 riano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it was long 
 called Mariano's Method, Seiitio Maria'iia. It 
 was called Apparatus Major, and Cystotoin'ia 
 vel Mith'odVfS cum appara'tu magna, (F.) Li 
 grand appareil, from the number of instru- 
 ments required in it. An incision was made on 
 the median line ; but the neck of the bladder 
 was not comprehended in it. It was .'merely 
 dilated. The greater apparatus was liable -to 
 many inconveriiehces, 'such as ecchymoses'5 
 contusion; inflammation of the neci of the 
 bladder ; abscesses ; urinary fistulae ; infconti- 
 •neilce of urine; impotence, &c. i 
 
 3, The Sigh .Operation, Apparatus^ altus, 
 CystotoTn/ia cum apparatu alto, C, hi^ogas^tri-- 
 ea,' Epicystotom'ia, LaparohystotOm'ia, Sectio. 
 sen Meth'odus FrancOnia'na, S. Hypogas'trica, 
 S. aha, (F.) Haut appareil, faille Hypogas- 
 trique,' Tdille svs-pulienne, was first iJraclised. 
 by Peter Franco, about the middle of the 16th 
 century. It tonsisted in pushing the stone above 
 the pubis by the fingers introduced into the 
 rectum. Rousset afterwards proposed to make 
 the bladder rise above the pubis. by injecting it. 
 The method had fallen into discredit, when 
 Frere Come revived it. It is used when the 
 calculus is very ferge. It was practiced by 
 opening first the membranous part of the ure- 
 thra upon the catheter, passed into the canal. 
 Thuough this incision, the 'Sonde ii dard' — a 
 species of catheter, having a spear- pointed sti- 
 Ipt — was introduced into the bladder. An in- 
 cision was then made into the linea alba, above 
 the symphysis' pubis,' of about four or five fin- 
 gers' breadth, and the peritoneum detached to 
 avoid wounding it. The stilet was pushed 
 through the bladder, and used a? a director for 
 the knifei with which the bladder was divided 
 anteriorlyj-as far as the neck; aiid-the Stone, ex- 
 tracted. It was performed in England by Doug- 
 lass, in 1719, and since by 'others with various 
 modifications. • ' 
 
 4. The Lifteral OperatiSn, Hypocysteotom'ia, 
 Cysiotom'ia latera'lis, S^e'tio tdter'a'lis, Appoi 
 ra'tus iatera'lis, (F.) Appareil lateralise, so 
 named from the prostate gland and neck Of the 
 bladder being cut laterally, was probably in- 
 vented by Peter Franco. li was introduced 
 into France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. 
 He performed it with rude instruments, in- 
 vented by himself, and improved bythe sug- 
 gestions of some of the Parisian; surgeons. In 
 •England, it received its, earliest and most im- 
 portant improvements from the celebrated Che-, 
 selden. It is the method practised at the pre- 
 sent day, according to different modes of pro- 
 cedure. In,ithis method, the -patient is placed 
 upon a table; his legs and thighs are bent and 
 separated; the hands being tied to the feet. 
 The perinaeum is then shaVed, and a staff is in- 
 troduced into the bladder; the handle being 
 turned towards the right groin of the patient. 
 An oblique incision is now made from the l-aphe 
 to the middle of a line drawn from the anus to 
 the tuberosity of the ischium of the left side ; 
 and taking the staff for a guide, the integuments, 
 cellular tissue of the perinteum, membranous 
 portion of the urethra, transversus perinaei mus- 
 cle, bulbo-cavernosus, some fibres of the leva- 
 tor ani, the prostate and neck of the bladder. 
 
 are successively divided. , For this latter parj 
 of thei-operation, the knife, the beaked bistoury^ 
 Bistouri ou l,ithotome Cache, cutting gorget, 
 &c,, are used' according to the particular prat 
 ference. The forceps is now introduced into 
 the bladder, and the stone extracted. In th« 
 operation care must be taken not to injure th« 
 rectum, or the great arterial vessels, distributed 
 to. the perinsBum. 
 
 A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by 
 the French Appareil /atsVrf, consisted in tut- 
 ting into the bas-fond of the bladder, without 
 touching the neck qf that organ: but it was soon 
 abandoned oh account of its inconveniences. 
 
 The Bilateral Operation, is founded on that 
 ofCelsus. . It consists in ipakiug an incision 
 posterior to the bulb of the urethra, ind ante- 
 rior to the anus, involving both sides of the pe- 
 rinEPum by crossing the raphe at right angles : 
 an incision is, then made throjigh the mem- 
 branous patt of the urethra, and thel prostate 
 may be cut bilaterally, either with the double 
 lithotome of Dupuytren,'o,r the prostatic bi- 
 sector of Efr. Stevens, of New York. 
 
 5. Lithotomy hy theliectum,Prqctq.cystotqm'ia, 
 Sec'tio recio-vesica'iis,(F.) Taille par ,la Ree- 
 tum, Xaille posterieure, T, Recto-vesieale, 
 This was proposed by Vegetius in the 16th 
 century; but it was never noticed until M. San- 
 son,, in the year 1817, attracted attention to it ; 
 since which time it has been successfully per- 
 formed in many instances. It consists in pene- 
 trating the bladder through the paries corre- 
 sponding with the rectum, by first cutting the 
 sphincter ani and rectum about the root of the 
 penis, and penetrating, the bladder bythe neck 
 of that organ, dividing the prostate, or by its 
 bas-fond, . . ' ' , ' 
 
 Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the 
 urethra; isa comparatively insignificantoperalion. 
 Lithotomy by the Rectum, see Lithotomy 
 — :l.v by the Vaginaj see Lithotomy. 
 LITHOTRESlS, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRIPSIS, Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrityi 
 LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity.' 
 LIXHOTRITBS, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOTRITEURS, see Lithotrity. . 
 LITHOTRITGR, see Lithotrity. 
 LITHOT'RITY, Litkotri'tih, Lithotrypsy, 
 Lithotripsy^ Lithothrip'sy, hithothrypsis, 1a- 
 thotre'sis, Lithotripsis, Lithoceno'sis, LithpdifU'- 
 ysis, Lithoprinie, from i.i9oi, ' a stone,' and 
 TjiijSn), ' I break.' The operation of breaking or 
 bruising the stone in the bladder. It has been 
 performed; of late years, with success, by 
 French, and,iafter them, by English and Ajne- 
 rican surgeons. The instruments employ^or 
 this purpose are called in the abstract, L%tho- 
 trites, Lithotriteurs, Idthot'ritors, Lithotriptors 
 and Lithothryptqrs. The most celebrated are 
 those of Civiale,, Jacobson, Heurteloup and 
 Weiss. See Brise-Pierre articuli and Percu- 
 teur a Marteau. 
 
 LITHOXIDU RIA, from i««o5, 'a stone,' 
 ocdde, and ovfov, ' urine.' The discharge of 
 urine, containing lithic or xanthic oxide. 
 
 LITHU'RIA, Lithouror-rhie (Piorry;) from 
 Xi^og, ' a stone,' and cvfov, ' urine.' The condi- 
 tion of the system in which deposits of lithic 
 acid and the lithates take place from the urine. 
 See Urine. 
 LITHUS, Calculus. 
 
LITMUS 
 
 509 
 
 LIXIVIATION 
 
 LITMUS, Lichen roccella. 
 LITRA, Pound. 
 
 LITRE, Litra. A measure containing a 
 ctrbed decimetre, which is iequal nearly to 2.1135 
 pints. The ancients gave the name Ktra, Airja, 
 to a measure capable of containing 16 ounces 
 oif liquid. 
 LITUS, Liniment. . - , 
 
 Ljyj&CHE, Ligisticum levisticUm. ' 
 JLIVER, Sax. lipeiv, Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inus, 
 (F.) Foie. The liver is the largest gland in 
 the body. It i« an azygous organ; unsymme- 
 trical; very heavy! and of a brownish-red colour; 
 occupying the whole of the righthypochondrium, 
 and a part of the epigastrium. Above, itcorre- 
 sponds to the diaphragm ; belom, to the stqmach, 
 transverse colon, and right kidney; bfhind, to 
 the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and 
 before, to the base of the chest. Its upper sur- 
 face is convex; the lower, irregularly convex 
 and concave, so that anatonjists have divided the 
 organ into three lobes, — a large or right or coHe 
 lobe ; — a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the 
 Lobulus Spigelii, — and a middle oi left lobe. 
 At its inferior surface, are observed; — 1. A 
 Sulcus or Furrow or Fissure, called horizontal 
 or ^ongitudirial. Great fissure. Fossa Um- 
 biliea'lis, (F.) Sillon hordztnttal, longitudinal, 
 S,Tde la veine omibilicdle ;. Sulcus antero-poste- 
 rior Jec*oris, S, horizonta'lis Jec'oris, S, longi- 
 tudina'lis Jecoris, S. sinis'ter Jecoris, S, Km- 
 bilica'lis, which lodges, in the foetus, the umbi- 
 lical vein and ductus venosus. 2. Th^ Princi- 
 pal Fissure, termed Sulcus Transversus vel 
 Sinus Porta'rum, Fissure of the Vena por^a, 
 Portal Fissurb, (F.) Sitlon transversal OVi de la 
 veine porte, which receives the sinus of the 
 vena porta. 3. The Fissure of the Vena Cava 
 inferior, Sillon de la veine cave infirieure, si- 
 tuate at the- posterior margin of the organ, and 
 lodging the vena cava inferior. 4. The Lo- 
 bulus Spige'lii, or posterior portal eminence. 
 5. The anterior portal eminence, Auriiga vel 
 Lobulus anon'ymus. 6. Depressions corre- 
 sponding to the upper Surface of the stomach, 
 fall-bladder, aich of the colop, right-kidney, 
 :c. Cbntinued from the fossa umbilicalis is 
 a small fossa, called Fossa Ductiis Veno'si, be- 
 tween the left lobe and Lobuluii Spigeliir The 
 posterior margin of the liver is very thick; 
 much mdre so than the anterior. The liver is 
 surrounded by a serous or peritoneal covering," 
 which forms for it a suspensory or broad liga- 
 ment and two lateral and triangiclar ligaments. 
 See Falx. The blood-vessels of the ,liver are 
 jvery'numerous. The hepatic artery and- vena 
 porta furnish it with the blood necessary for its 
 nutrition and the secretion of bile. The hepatic 
 veins convey away Jhe blood, which has served 
 those purposes. The lymphatic vessels are 
 very numerous; some being siiperiiGial; others 
 deep-seated. The nerves are, also, numerous 
 and proceed from the pneumogastric, diaphrag^ 
 matic, and from the hepatic plexuses. 
 
 The intimate structure of the parenchyma of 
 the liver is not understood. When cut, it pre- 
 ' sents a porous appearance, owing to the divi- 
 sion of a multitude of small vessels. When 
 torn, it seems formed of granulations ; — the in- 
 timate structure of which has given rise to 
 many hypotheses. In these granulations are 
 contained the radicles of the excretory ducts of 
 the bile; the union of which constitutes the 
 
 hepatic duct. According to M. Kiernanythe 
 ■intimate structure consists of a number of lo- 
 bules composed ot intralobular or hepatic veins, 
 which convey the blood back that has been in- 
 sejvient to the secretion of bile. The inter- 
 lobular plexus of veins is formed Ijy branches 
 of the vena porta, which contain both the blood 
 of the vena porta and of the hcSpatic artery; 
 both of which,-a(;cording to Mr. Kiernan, fur- 
 nish the pabulum of the biliary secretion. The 
 biliary ducts form likewise an interlobular 
 plexus, having an arrangement simiUr to that 
 of the interlobular veins. Mr. Kiernan's views 
 are embraced by many anatomists ; but are de- 
 nied by some. 
 
 The liver is the only organ, which, inde- 
 pendently of the red blood carriedto it by the 
 hepatic artery, receives black blopd by the vena 
 porta. The general opinion is, that the vena 
 porta is the fluid which furnishes bile,, whilst 
 that of the ?,rtery affords blood for th^ nutrition 
 of the liver. It is probable, however, that bile 
 is secreted by the latter vessel. 
 
 The liver is liable to a number of diseases. 
 The principal axB—Hepati'tis or inflmnma-. 
 tion, cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and 
 other tumours or tubercles, hydatids^ &c., and 
 it has, at tiriiesj been the fashion to refer to it 
 as the cause of symptoms with which it is in 
 no vvise connected. 
 
 Liver, Hepar. Under this name the ancients 
 designated several substances, having a brovS^n- 
 ish colour, analogous to that of the liver; and 
 composed of sulphur and some other body. See 
 Pptassas Sulphuretum, Liver ■ of Sulphur. , 
 
 LiviER of Antimony is the semi-vitreojis sul- 
 phuret, &c. 
 
 Liver, Granulated, Cirrhosis of the liver — 
 1. Gin-drinkers', Liver, Nutmeg — 1. Granular, 
 Cirrhosis of the liver', 
 
 Xiver-Gkowm, Ta'mido jec'ore pra^ditus. 
 Having a large liver. 
 
 LivEEj^HoBNAiL, Cirrhosis of the jliver — 1. 
 M^mmillated, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
 
 Liver, Nutmeg. An appearance of the liver 
 /when cut across, resembling that of the section 
 of- a nutmeg; supposed by some to be the re- 
 sult of intemperance in the use of alcoholic 
 drinks ; biit occurring under other causes. The 
 terms whisky liver, and gin-drinkers' liver,, 
 occasionally applied to it, are, < consequently, 
 not distinctive. 
 
 Liver Spot, Chloasma — 1. Tuberculated, 
 Cirrhosis of the liver— l.Weedj Hepatica tri- 
 loba— 1. Whisky, Liver, nutmeg — IJ'Wort, He- 
 patica triloba, Marc^antia polymorpha — l.Wort, 
 ground, ash-coloured, Lichen caninus— l.-Wort, 
 Iceland, Lichen Islandicus — I. Wort, noble, He- 
 patica triloba. 
 'LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Peotinalis. 
 LIVOR, Suggillation — I. Sanguineus, . see 
 Ecchymoma. 
 LIVRE, Pound. 
 
 LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA, Potasss tar- 
 tras — I. 'Vitriplata,P^tass^^ sulphas — 1. Vitriola- 
 ta sulphurea, Potassaj sulphas cum sulphure. 
 
 LIXIVIA SEU KALICUM ACETAS, Po- 
 tassEe acetas. 
 
 LIXIV'IAL, Lixivio'sus; tTomlixiviiim,']ee.' 
 (F.) Lixivial, Lixivieux. An ancient term for 
 
 salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes, 
 
 such as the fixed Ukalies. 
 LIXIVIA'TION, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia'tio, 
 
LIXIVIUM 
 
 510 
 
 LOCHIORRHAGIA 
 
 game etymon. An bperatibn which consists in 
 washing wood ashes with water, so as to dissolve 
 the soluble parts. The filtfered liquor is the lee. 
 
 LIXIV'lUM, Limv'ia, Con'ia, Lee, Ley, Lye^ 
 (F.) Lessive, Any solution containing potass 
 or soda — Sal lixivio' sim^r-in excess; from tix, 
 * potash.' ' ' 
 
 Lixivium Ammonia<3 ale, Liijuor ammoniae — 
 1. Ajnmonmcale aromaticum,Spiritus^mmomaB 
 aromaticus — 1. Causticum, Liquor potasaae — 1. 
 Magistrale, Liquor potassae — 1.. Saponarium, 
 Liquor potassffi — ^1. Tartari, ' Liquor pbtassjae 
 subcarTjonatis. 
 
 LIZARD,- Lacer'ta, Lacer'tus, sai!d to be so ' 
 called in consequence of its limbs resembling 
 the arms (lacerti) .of man (?). Saura, Sauros, 
 (F.) Lizard. Lizards were formerly erhployed 
 in medicine as sudorifics; aiid were, at one 
 timcj extolled in syphilis,, cutaneous affections 
 and in cancer. 
 
 LOADSTONE, Magnet. 
 
 LOATHING, Disgiist. 
 
 LOBARIA PUlMONARIA, Lichen pulmo- 
 narius. 
 
 LOBE, Lohus. A round, projecting part of 
 an organ. The liver, lungs and bruin, for ex- 
 ample, have lobes. 
 
 Lose of the Eae, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a 
 soft rounded prominence, *hich terminates the 
 (arcuniference of the pavilion inferiorly, and 
 which is pierced in those who wear rings. 
 
 The under surfece of the brain is divided 
 into two anterior, tjeo lateral, two posterior, and 
 two intermediatfe lobes or processes. TheSfe 
 Chaussiercallsyotei!** of the brain: the cerebral 
 hemispheres he terms lobes. 
 
 Lobe, Biven'teal. A wedge-shaped Ibbe of: 
 the cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala. 
 
 LOBE DUOD&NAL, Lobulus Spigelii— /. 
 Pancreatique, Lobulus SpigelH— i. Petit'du foie, 
 Lobulus Spigelii — /. de Spigeij'Lo'bulas Spigelii. 
 
 LOBELIA, ELITE, L. syphilitica. ' 
 
 Lobe'lia Cakdina'ms, Lobelia cotein'ia, 
 'Prache'limn Ameri^can-WM, Car^dinal Plant, 
 Car'dinal Flower, Sedriet Lobelia. This species 
 is also indigenoiis in the United States. It 
 blooms in autumn, having beautiful carmine 
 flowers. The root is a reputed anthelmintic 
 with the Indians. 
 
 Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardihalis. 
 
 Loee'lia Infla'ta, I-ndian Tobac'co, Wild 
 Tobac'co, Puke Weed, Asthma Weed, Eyebright, 
 Emet'ie Weed, Lobe'lia (fh. U. S.) The pro- 
 Iriinent virtues of this American plant are thoSe 
 of an emetic. In smaller dpses it is sedative, 
 and has been given as a pectoral in croup, asth- 
 ma, &c. It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and 
 is an acronarcotic poison. Twenty grains act 
 as an emetic. 
 
 Lobelia, Scaelet, L. Cardihalis. 
 
 Lobelia Syphilit'ica, Lobelia reflex'a, Ra- 
 nun' cuius Virginfa'nui,Blue Lobelia, Blue Ca/- 
 dinal Flower. The root of this plant which is 
 indigenous in tlie United States, is an emetic 
 and drastic rathartic. It has been used against 
 syphilis; hence its name. The mode of pre- 
 paring it is to boil gssof the dried root in Oxij 
 of water, until the fluid is reduced to Oviij. 
 Dos6 Oss 
 
 LOBES, CEREBRAL, see ioJe. 
 
 Lobes of the Livee, Pinna seu LoH seu 
 Pin'nulcB He'patis. See Lobule. 
 
 Lobes, Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 LOBI HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver— 1. Pul- 
 monum, see Pulrao. 
 
 LOB'ULAR, Lobula'ris. Same etymon as 
 Lobulg; , Relating ta or belonging to a lobule: 
 — ^as lobular pneumonia, (F.) Pneumonic lobu' 
 lairc, P. mamelonnee,P. disseminee; pneumonia 
 anatomically characterized by nuclei of red or 
 gray hepatization disseminated in variable num- 
 bers in one or both lungs. 
 
 LOB'ULE, Lob'nlns,, diminutive oiLobus, A 
 little lobe. Mr. Kiernan uses the term lobule 
 for the acinus of the liver of many anatomists. 
 
 Lobule of the Coepus S*eiatum, Insula 
 cerie'bri — 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the Ear — 1. of 
 the Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri. 
 
 LOBULE DITJ-O/B, Lobulus Spigelii. 
 
 LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOR 
 QUADRATUS, L. anonymus. 
 
 LoB'uLus Anon'ymus, L. accesso^rtus ante'rior 
 qaadra'tus, L.-quadratus, (F.) Eminence porta 
 anterieure. This is situate in the liver bdtween 
 the passage for the round ligament and the 
 galPbladder, and is less prominent, but broader 
 than the Lolmlus caudatusi From the lobulus 
 anonymus a' bridge runs across the passage for 
 the round ligament. ' It is called Pons vel Istlf 
 mus he'patis. 
 
 LpBULUS Cauda'tus, Procei'sus caudatus. 
 This is jnerely the root or one of the angles of 
 the lobulus Spigelii, advs^ncing towards the 
 middle of the lower side of the great lobe, and 
 representing a kind of tail. \ ^ 
 
 Lobulus Posteeioe, L. Spigelii— ;1. Posticus 
 papillatus, L. Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L. anony- 
 mus. ' ■ ' _ . 
 
 ''Lobulus Spige'lii, L. poste'rigr, L. posti'cut, 
 papilla'tus, (F*) 'Eminence porte posterieure, Lp* 
 bule ou Petit lobe du foie. Lobe de Spigel, Leie 
 duodenal, L. pancreatique, 'is situate near the 
 spine, upon the left side of the ^at lobe of the 
 livery and is of a pyramidal shape, projecting, 
 like a nipple, between the 6ardia and vena cava, 
 at the small curvature of the stonnach. 
 
 LOBUS, Lobe; 
 
 LOCAL, Loca'lis,Top'ieus, Mer'ieus,Partia'r 
 lis, Top'ical, (F.) Locale, Topique. An affec- 
 tion . is , called lo'cal-^ilforiMs Loea'lis, — when 
 confined to a part, without implicating the 
 general system; or, at all eyents, only second- 
 arily. Local is thus opposed to general. A 
 local or topical applicafion is one used exter- 
 nally. See TopicaL 
 
 LOCH, Looch. 
 
 LdCHADES, see Sclerotic^ 
 
 LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Paer- 
 pe'rii seu JJ'teri,' Purga'tio puerpe'rii, Lyma, 
 from iojf if , ' a woman in childbed ;' (F.) S«t«» 
 de couches,' Vidanges. The cleansintsf^A. 
 serous aaild sanguineous discharge followmg 
 delivery. During the first two or three days, 
 it is bloody, but afterwards becomes green- 
 coloured, and exhales a disagreeable and pecu- 
 liar odour. The duration, quantity and charac- 
 ter of the discharge vary according to numerous 
 circumstances. It flows from the part of the 
 uterus which formed a medium of communiea- ^ 
 tion between the mother and fffitus, and con- 
 tinues, usually, from 14 to 21 dajrs. See Par- 
 turition. 
 
 LOCHIOCCELIITIS, Puerperal fever. 
 
 LOCHIODOCHIUM, Lochodochium. 
 
 LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
 
 LOCHIORRHA'GIA, from Xoxu*, and 
 
LOCHIORRHCEA 
 
 £11 
 
 LONGISSIMUS I>ORSI 
 
 giffvvftif'l'nake an irruption.' An immode- 
 rate flow of the I lochia. Hemorrliage from the 
 uterus in the childbed state. 
 
 LOCHIORRHCE'A, from xoyttn, «the 
 lochia,' and jew, ' I flow.' The discharge of the 
 lochia. , 
 
 LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia. 
 
 LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischolochia, 
 
 LOCHOCH, Looeh. 
 
 LOCHODOCHI'UM, LochiodocUum, from 
 ^^X'ti ** female in childbed,' and lt][e/iiii, 'I 
 receive.' An institution for the reception of 
 pregnant , and childbed females. A Lying-in 
 hospital. 
 
 LOCHOS, Puerpera. 
 
 LOCI, Uterus — 1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva. 
 
 LOCKED JAW, Trismus. 
 
 LOCOMOTILITY,-see Locomotion. 
 
 LOCOMO'TION, Loeomo'do, from loeus, ' a 
 place,' and movere, ' to move.' An action pecu 
 liar to animal bodies, by which they transport 
 themselves from place to place. The faculty 
 is sometimes called Locomotiv'ity and Loeomo' 
 til'ity. 
 
 Locomotion of an Artery, is the movement 
 produced in a vessel with a curvature, by the 
 impulse of the blood sent from the heart, which 
 tends to straighten the artery, and causes the 
 movement in question. . 
 
 LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion. 
 
 LOCUS NIGER, see Peduncles of the Brain. 
 
 Locus Perfora'tds Anti'cds. A triangular 
 flat surface of the brain, which corresponds to 
 the posterior extremity of each olfactoryprocess. 
 
 LocTjs Perfokatus PosTicns, Tarini pons. 
 
 LOCUST EATERS, Acridophagi— 1. Plant, 
 Cassia Mariiandica — L Tree, Robinia Pseudo- 
 acacia — !, Yellow, Cladrastis tinctoria. 
 
 LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives. 
 
 LOiXJHE, MliVERAL WATERS OF, Leuk, 
 mineral waters 6f.^ 
 
 LffiME, Plague. 
 
 L(EMIA, Plague. 
 
 LCEMICUM, see Loemology. 
 
 LCEMOCiHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 LCEMOGRAPHY, Loimography. 
 
 LCEMOLOGIUM, see Lffimology. 
 
 LCEMOL'OGY, Lamolo^'ia, fr^m xoi^of, 
 ♦plague,' and liyai, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trineof plague and pestilential diseases. A trea- 
 tise on the same, — La'micum, LtEtnolog'^ium, 
 
 LCEMOPHTHAI.MIA, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 LCEMOPYRA, Plague. 
 
 LCEMOS, Plague. 
 
 LOGADES, Sclerotic. 
 
 LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 hOGlXTROS, liogiater; from xoyof, 'a 
 ■ word,' and lariat, 'a. physician.' In the bad 
 sense, a physician without experience; a mere 
 theorist. In the good sense, a rational physi-" 
 cian ; one who treats disease accor£ng to theo- 
 retical or scientific principles. 
 
 LOGOS, Reason. 
 
 LOGWOOD, Haematoxylon Campechianum. 
 
 LOG"Y, \o)to?, 'a description.' A suflix de- 
 noting ' a treatise or description.' Hence, An- 
 giology and Neuvology, &c 
 
 LOHOCH, Looch. 
 
 LOIMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 LOIMOG'RAPHY, Loimogr'aph'ia, Lamog'- 
 raphy, from xm/in;, 'plague,' and YQaifa, 'I de- 
 scribe.' A description of the plague and pesti- 
 lential diseases. 
 
 LOIMOLOGY, Lcemology. 
 
 LOIMOS, Plague. 
 
 LOINS, Lumbi. 
 
 LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE.iTriti- 
 cum repens. . 
 
 LOMBAIRE, Lumbar., 
 - LOMBO-ABDOMINAL, Transversalis ab- 
 dominis — I. Costal, Serratus posticus inferior — 
 /. CostO'traci^iHen, §acro-lumbalis — I. Dorso- 
 spinal, Transversalis dorsi — I. Vorso-trachir 
 lietij- iiongissimus dorsi — I. Humeral, Latissi- 
 mu's dorsi — I. Saere, Lumbo-sacral. 
 
 LOMBRICi As«aris lumbricoides. 
 
 LOMBRICOi'DE, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 LONCHADES, see Sclerotic. ' 
 
 LONGHADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 LONCHITIS, Polypodium ifilix mas, 
 
 LONG, Lorigus, Macros. That which is 
 much greater in length thap in breadth; as the 
 long bones. The epithet is, also, applied to se- 
 veral muscles,'to distinguish them from others 
 of similar function, when the latter are shorter. 
 We say, ^r instance, long flexors, and long ex- 
 tensors, in opposition to short flexors, and short 
 extensors. , , 
 
 LONa DU COtr, Longus. colli— i. dti, Dos, 
 Lorigissimus dorsi. 
 
 LONG^VUS, Macrobiotic. 
 
 LONGANON, Rectum. 
 
 LONGAON, Rectum. 
 
 LONGAS, Rectum. 
 
 LONGEVITY,!, Longa'vitas, Macrohio'sis, 
 Macrobi'otes. The prolongation of existence 
 to an advanced age. Haller collected exam- 
 ples of more than one thousand centenarians. 
 He had knowledge of sixty-tWo- persons aged 
 from 110 to 120 years; of twenty-nine, from 
 120 to 130 years; and of fifteen, Vjfho had at- 
 tained from 130 to 140 years. , Beyond this ad- 
 vanced age, examples of longevity are much 
 more rare and less sufliciently attested. 
 
 The following list of instances of very ad- 
 vanced ages has been given: 
 
 Lived. Age. 
 ApoUonius of Tyana, A. D. 99 - 130 
 St. Patrick, . . . 491 - 122 
 Attila, .... 500-124 
 Llywarch Hen, . ^. 500 - 150 
 St. Coemgene, ' . . 6l8 - 120 
 Piastus, King of Poland, . 861 - 120 
 Thomas Parr,. . . 1635-152 
 Henry Jenkins, . . l&IQ - 169 
 Countess of Desmond,, . 1.612-145 
 Thomas Damme/ - . 1648 - 154 
 Peter Torten, , , . 1724-185 
 Margaret Patten, . , ' . 1739 - 137 
 Jo^n Rovin and wife, . 1741 - 172 and 164 
 St. Monagh or Kentigen, 1781 - 185 
 
 LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI, Semi-spina'tus, 
 (F.) Lombd -dorso -ti'acAelien, Portion costo- 
 trackelienne dii sacrospinal, (Ch.,) Long dor- 
 sal, Long du dos, is sitiiate vertically at the 
 postterior part of the trunk, and fills, in a great 
 measure, the vertebral furrows. It is thick 
 and almost square below; thin and pointed 
 above. It is attached to the posterior surface 
 of the sacrum, to the transverse processes of 
 all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae, and to the 
 inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs. It 
 maintains the vertebral column in a straight 
 position; straightens it when bent forwards, 
 and can even carry it back. It also assists in 
 the rotatory motion of the trunk. 
 
LONG-SIGHTKDNESS 
 
 513 
 
 LOUPE 
 
 LoNGissiMus FjEMOEis, Sartorius — 1. Oculi, 
 Obliquus superior oculi. 
 
 LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia. 
 
 LONGUS COLLI, (F.) Pr4-dgrso-cervical, 
 Predorso-atlo'idienj (Ch.,) Lon:^ du cou. This 
 muscle is situate at the anterior and superior 
 part of the vertebral column. It is long, flat, 
 and broader at its middle than at its extremi- 
 ties, which are pointedi' It is attached to the 
 anterior surface of the bodies of the first three 
 dorsal and last six cervical vertebrae j to, the in- 
 tervertebral, ligaments; to the anterior edge of 
 the transverse processes of the last five cervical 
 vettebriE; and to the tubercle on the anterior 
 arch of the first. This muscle bends the cervi- 
 cal vertebrae, uponr each other and upon the dor- 
 sal vertebrae. If the upper portion acts on one 
 side only, it occasions the rotation of the,atlas 
 on the vertebra dentata ; and, consequently, of 
 the head on the neck. 
 
 LONICE'EA PERICLTM'ENUM, Pery- 
 clirn! erputti^ Caprifo'lium, Cotnmon Woodbine, 
 (F.) Ckevre-feuiile. This common plant is 
 slightly astringent and tonioj and was fornierly 
 much used in ,gargles. - 
 
 LOOCH, jLohoch, Loch, hochoch, Jjook, A 
 linctus. See Eciegma and Eclectos. ■ ' 
 
 LoocH ABsciUE EMULsfo'jsE Paea'tum, Loah ' 
 , prepare sans emulsion; Lboch prepared with- 
 out emulsion, {P-ulv, g, trag. gr. xvj — gt. 
 XXX, o/. amygd. dale. ^ss, sacchar. ^j, aqita. 
 ^iij, pquaflor^ aurant. gij. Mix by rubbing 
 in a marble mortar.) Demulcent. 
 
 LoocH Album, Looch amygdali'num, Linctus 
 albus, L, amygdalinus, L. commu'nis, Ecleg'- 
 md album, Eciegma gumrrto'so-oleo'swm, (F.) 
 Looch blanc,\ L. b. aTn-ygdalini^L. b\ pectoral. 
 (Amygdf dulcf _^ss, amyg^f amar. No. ij, sac- 
 char, alb. giv. Make an emulsion by gradually 
 adding §iv of water.' Then take pulvi traga- 
 canth. gr. X^j, ol. a/mygd. dulc. recent. ?ss, 
 sacch. gij. Add the almond^ milk gradually 
 to this, and afterwards aq.flor. aurant. gij. Ph. 
 P.) It is demulcent and pectoral. ' 
 
 Looch Amygdalikuih, L., album — I, Blanc, 
 L. album — 1. cum Croco et pi'staciis, L. viride 
 — 1. of Egg, L. ex Oyo. 
 
 Looch ex Ovo, Potio seu emul'sio seu mis- 
 tu'ra len'icns seu oleo'sa, Looch pectora'U len'- 
 icjis, Looch of Egg, (F.) hook d'aeuf, Looch 
 rouge. Emulsion huileuse,. Mixture ealmanie', 
 Potion pectoritle, Lait adoucissant.. .'(Vitell. 
 ' ovi. recent, ^ss,.o/. amygd. dale, ^yss,, syrup, 
 althssse, §j. Rub in a mortar, and add by de 
 grees, aq, 
 5ij. Ph.. P 
 ceding. 
 
 LOOCH ROUGE, L. ex Ovo-?. Fert,* L. 
 viride 
 
 Looch Vir'ide, Looi cum croci ft pista'ciis, 
 (F.) Looch vert. {Syrup, Violar, ^i,tinct. 
 croci gtt. XX. aguce giv. Mix, and ada^islacia 
 semin. sice. gvj. Ph. P-), Virtues like the last 
 
 LOOK, Looch — /. d'CEuf, Looch ex ovo — 
 I. Prepare sans emulsion, Looch absque emul- 
 sione paratum. 
 
 LOOSE STRIFE, CREEPING, Lysimachia 
 nunimularia. 
 
 LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea — 1. of the Teeth, 
 Odontoseisis. 
 
 IjOPEZ radix. Radix lopezia'nO', Radix 
 Iii'diea lopezia'na. The root of an unknown 
 Indian tree, not possessed of any remarkable 
 
 fior, aurant, ^}, aq,7)apav, rhcead 
 P.) Virtues the same as the pre- 
 
 smell or taste, or of any appearance of resinous 
 tnatter. It has been extolled, notwithstanding, 
 in cases of colliquative diairrhcea. Gaubius com- 
 pares its action to thatof simarouba, but thinks 
 it more eflicacious. 
 
 LOPHADIA, Lophia. 
 
 LOPHIA, Lopha'dia. The first vertebra of 
 the back, — Vef'tebra- dorsi prima.- — Grorraeus. 
 
 LOPIMA, Fagus castanea. 
 
 L0QUAC"ITY,'Gan-M'Z»Va5; from /ojMor, * I 
 speak.' (Fi)Babillement. The act of speaking 
 With vpluhility. , It is sometimes a. symptom 
 of disease, and is observable in hysteria, &c. 
 ^ LOQUELA, Voice, articulated; — 1. Abolita, 
 Aphoniai-^l. Blsesa, Balbuties — 1. Impedita, Ba- 
 ryphonia. 
 
 LORDO'SIS, Lordo'Ma,fiom iofJ'of,' curved,'' 
 ' bent j' Repanda'tio, Repan'ditas. A name 
 given to curvatures of the bones in general;, 
 arid particularly to that of the vertebfal , co- 
 lumn forwards; Spina dorsi intror'sum Jlexa, 
 Emprosthocyrto'ma. This gives rise tb the 
 projection of the' sternum called ehicken- 
 
 LORIND MATRI'OljS, Epilep'sia uteri'ntt, 
 ConVulsi^'pus u'teri morbus J A barbarous name 
 given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb. 
 
 LOT,Urinei , ' 
 
 LOTIO, Enema, Ldtion-^l. Saponacea, see 
 Sapo. 
 
 LO'TION, Lo'tic), Lbtu'rq, from lavare, lo- 
 tem, ' to wash.' (F .) Hydrolotif. A fluid ex- 
 ternal application. Xotions are ordinarily ap- 
 plied by wetting linen in them and keeping it 
 on the part affected. 
 
 , Lotion, GowLA'Ni>'s. Anreaipirital prepsira- 
 tion. {Bitter almonds, §j, sugar, ^ij, distilled 
 water, Bij. Grind together, strain, and add 
 corrosive, sublimate, ^ij, previously ground 
 Vith sp, vini rect. gij.) USed in obstinate 
 eruptions. 
 
 Lotion, Gkanvii,i.e's Coxintek . Iseitaht, 
 Granville's Lotion, Granville's antid'ynaiis 
 lotion. Of this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two 
 forms — a milder, and a stronger. The miliier 
 is made as follows : Jjiq, ammon, fort, f. 5j, 
 ySp. Rosmarirt. f. gvj, Tinct. camphil'r,f,^ij,M. 
 , ^e stronger is made as follows :,i»y. <8«»- 
 mon, fort. f. gx, Spir. Rosmar. f, gss, Titiet. 
 camphor, f. 3ij,'M. , : ' 
 
 The stronger Iption vesjcates japidly. A 
 piece of cotton or linen folded six or seven 
 times, or a piece of thick flannel may be im- 
 bued with' them, and laid on the part to be ir- 
 ritated for a few minutes. 
 
 Lotion, Hankay's, Preven'tive wash. This 
 famous nostrum, for the prevention of venereal 
 i;ifectipn, was nothing more than a solution of 
 capstic potass. 
 
 Lotion, Hydrooxan'io, Ldtio Ac"idi Hydro- 
 cyan'ici, {Hydrocyanic add, f. giv, rectijied 
 spirit -of wine, f. gj, distilled water, f. §xss.) 
 Used with much success in impetigo, &c.. ' 
 
 LoTioM, Stehve's, foe Hoopino-Cough. 
 {Antim. et Potass; tart, SJ, Aqha, ^ij. Add 
 ti?ict. cantharid, ^j.) 
 
 LOTIUM, Urine. 
 
 LOTURA, Lotion. 
 
 LOTUS SYLVESTRIS,Trifolium melilotus 
 —1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus. 
 
 LOUCHES, see Strabismus. 
 
 LOUPE, Wen. 
 
LOUSE 
 
 513 
 
 LUMBAR 
 
 LOUSE, Pediculus. 
 
 LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis, 
 
 LOUTRON, Bath. ' 
 
 LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
 
 LOVE, Eros, amorf frota Sax. lupian, (G.) 
 lieben, 'to ipVe.' {T.)Ami>ur. A tender 
 and elevated feeling, -which attracts one sex to 
 the other. Love is occasionally a cause of dis- 
 ease, especially of insanity. 
 
 Love Apple PLAnt, Solanum lycopersicum 
 — 1. Pea, ,Abrus precatorius. 
 
 LOW SPIRITS, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 LOWER, TUBERCLE OF, Tuier'culum 
 howeri. Anatomists have given this name to 
 a small projection,, the existence of which is hy 
 no nqeans constant, and which is found in the 
 sinus venosus, betweeif the superior and infe- 
 rior cava. 
 
 LOXAR'THRUS, Loxar'thrum, from Xojof, 
 'oblique,' and uj^giiv, 'articulation;' (E.) Per- 
 ve^sion^de la t^e des os et des Tmtscles, A vi- 
 cious deviation or direction of the joints, with- 
 out spasm or luxation, — as i^ chibfoot. 
 
 LOXIAS, TorticoUisi 
 
 LOXOPHTHALMUS, Strabismus. 
 
 LOZANGIA, Lozenge. ' - 
 
 LOZENGE, Tabella. 
 
 LOZENGES, BARK, Tabells cinchonsB— 1. 
 of Catechu and,magnesia,.Tabellx a'ntrmoniales 
 Kunckelii — 1. Faustinus's, Eaustini pastilli — ^1. 
 for "the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis calcis 
 — 1. Magnesia, Tabellss de magnesia-r-1. of 
 Marshmallows, Tabellae de althaeA — 1. of Oxalic 
 acid, Tabellas acidi oxalici — 1. Pectoral, black, 
 Trochisci glycyrrhizae glabraB — 1. Pectoral, of 
 emetine, Trochisci emetinae pectorales-^1. Rhu- 
 barb, Tabellse de rheo-^I. of Scarhmqny and- 
 senna, compound, Tal)ellse de scammqnio, et 
 senna — 1, Spitta's, see Trochisci glycyrrhizE 
 cum opio — 1. Steel, TabellsB de ferro — 1. of 
 Steel, aromatic, see Tabellae de ferror-;l. Sul- 
 phur,- simple, Tabelte de sulphure ^implices-^ 
 I. Sulphur, compound,' TabellEE de sulphure 
 compositae — 1. of Sulphuret of antimorty^ Ta- 
 bellae antimoniales Kiihckelii — l.Worm,Ching's, 
 see Worm lozienges, (Ching's.) 
 
 LUBIDO, Libido-^1. Int^stini, Voluntas de- 
 sedendi. - . 
 
 L-UBRICANTIA, Demulcents, Emollients. 
 
 LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis. 
 
 LUCCA,' MINERAL WATERS AND 
 CLIMATE OF. The baths and watei's, near 
 this ancient Italian city, have been Idng cele- 
 brated. They are thermal, and resemble, in 
 properties, those of Plombieres in France, and 
 of Bath in England. . They contain qarbbhic 
 acid, sulphates_of alumina, soda, magnesia, and 
 iron. There are ten different sources, the tem- 
 perature pf which varies from 94° to 130° Fahr. 
 
 Lucca is much frequented in summer ; 'partly 
 on account of its mineral waters, but more on 
 account of the coolness of the situation. 
 
 LUCID, Lu'ddus. In medicine, the word 
 Inoid is particularly applied to the intervals, 
 Inierval'la lu'cida, of apparent reason, which 
 occur in mental alienation. 
 
 LUCIF'UGUS, ^om lux, lucis, 'light,' 
 and 'fugere,' 'to shun;' Pkotoph'olrus, Photo- 
 pfioh'ictis. Dreading or avoiding the light. 
 ' LUCINA, Mithyia. 
 
 LUCOMANIA, Lycanthropia. 
 
 LXICUMA, (S.) A fruit, which grows in 
 
 the southern provinces of the coast of Peru, 
 and the north of Chili. It is. round; and the 
 gray-brown husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yel- 
 low-colored fruit with its kernel. — Tschadi. 
 . LUCUMORIA'NUS; probably from Lux, 
 ' light,' and morari, ' to tarry,' Continuing for 
 several days : hence, Dor'mii''/io lucumoHti'na^ 
 A morbid sleep persisting for several days, 
 
 LUDUS HELMON'TII, L. Paracel'si, Pel 
 terra. A calcareous stone, the precise nature 
 not known, which was used by. the ancients 
 in oalcjiloxis affections. The term was also 
 applied to every species of ealc.nlous concretion 
 occurring, in the ^nimal bodyj 
 
 LuDUs Paeacelsi, L. Helmontii. 
 
 LUES, Disease,, Plague, Syphilis-^1. Divina, 
 Epilepsy^l. Dysenterica, Dysentery — 1. Go- 
 norrhoica. Gonorrhoea impuraT— 1. Gutturis 
 epidemica, Cynanche maligna — 1. Indiea, Fram- 
 boesia-^l. Inguinaria,. Plague — 1. Polonica, 
 Plio^^l. Sarmatica, Plica— 1. Syphilis,'Syphilis 
 — l.Syphilodes, Syphilis pseudo-syphilis— I. 
 . Trichoipatica, Plica— 1. Venerea, Syphilis— 1. 
 Scorbutica, see Purpura. 
 
 LTJETTE, Uvula — I. Vesica/ej ■ see Urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 LUGDUS, Erysipelas. 
 
 LU JULA, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 LULLABY, SPEECH, Lallation. 
 
 LUMBA'GO, frotn Lwmhi, ' the loins.' Ar- 
 tkro'sia lumbVrum, Lit/m^ogo rhev/mat'ica, Ne- 
 phral'gia rhewmai'ica,Bhacfiirr/ieu'ma, Raekior- 
 rheu'ma, ^KheuTmttis'mics. dorsa'lis^ Osphyr- 
 rhevfma. Rheumatism affecting the lumbar re- 
 gion. 
 
 . Lv/mha'go psoad'ica, L. apostematt/sa, L. 
 ab arthrodaee. — ^Pain in the loins from abscess. 
 See Psoitis. 
 
 LuMBAea A Nisu, see Effort. 
 
 LUMBAR, Lujnba'ris vel Immba'Us, (F.) 
 Lombuire. Belonging or having reference to 
 the loins i 
 
 LxTMBAB Abscess, Psoas abscess, Aposte'ma 
 psoat'ifetim, Absces'sus lumbo'rum. Morbus 
 psoad'icus. This abscess is so called from the 
 matter being found on the side qf the psoas muscle, 
 or betwixt that and the iliacus internus. Be- 
 tween these muscles is a quantity of loose, cel- 
 lular substance;- and, when an abscess takes 
 place there, it canilmd nooutlet except by a 
 distant course. Generally, it descends along 
 the psois muscle, forming a svrelling imme- 
 diately beneath Poupart's ligament; at tinaes, 
 howevei, it extends down the thigh under the 
 fascia. , Severe -hectic follows the bursting of 
 the abscess, and often death. Its causes- are, 
 — scrofula, injury to the loiiis, &c. , 
 
 When, from the pain of the back continuing 
 for some time, with other symptoms, the dis- 
 ease is siispected, caustics, or themoxa, applied 
 opposite the transverse processes of the lumbar 
 vertebrae, must be recommended ; and, when 
 the abscess is ready for opening, it may be 
 emptied by repeated.discharges of the matter, 
 through a small opening, made with, a lancet, 
 or small lancet-pointed trocar. The medical 
 treatment will consist in supporting the system, 
 under the great restorative efforts required of it.' 
 
 Lumbar ^steeies are four or five in num- 
 ber on each side. They arise from the sides of 
 the abdominal aorta, and pass behind the mus- 
 cles situate in front of the lumbar portion of the 
 spine, to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. 
 
LUMBARIS EXTERNUS 
 
 514 
 
 IkUPUS 
 
 They give off, 1. Spinal branches. 2. Anterior, 
 posterior, and external muscular branches. 
 
 LumeaeNerves are five in number, andissue 
 from the vertebral column by the spinal fol-a- 
 mina of the loins.- The first lumbar nerve 
 gives offthre^ branches:;— the external- or ilio- 
 scrotal; the middle or inguino-cutiineous, and 
 the internal or infra-pubidn^ • Aj0hg with the 
 three pairs below it, it forms the lumbar 
 plextis. '■ , 
 
 Lumbar Plexus, Portion lomiaire du plexus 
 erural. (Ch.), Plexus Lomho-ahdoirmLal. This 
 plexus is formed by the union of the Rartii com- 
 munican'tes of the anterior bi'anches of the first 
 four lumbar nerves. It is situate behipd the 
 psoas muscle, and before the transverse pro- 
 cesses, of the lumbar vertebrae. It furnishes, 
 besides the branches which proceed from the 
 first pair, several filaments, that are distributed 
 to the psoas muscle, to the iliacus,, the integu- 
 ments, and glands of the groin ; and three great 
 branches— ^the erural, obdura/tor, and lumbo- 
 saeral. 
 Lumbar Region, Lumbi. 
 Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analo- 
 gous to that of the arteries, of the same name. 
 They communicate with the vertebral sinuses, 
 azygous veins, &c., and pass into the vena cava 
 inferior. 
 
 LUMBARIS EXTERNUS, Quadratus lum- 
 bqrum — 1. Internus, Psoas magnus. 
 
 LUMBI, The loins, the lumbar region, Re'- 
 giolumha'lis, Lap'ara, Psoee, OspJuyst'Eae.fos- 
 terior regions of the abdomfen, comprised be- 
 tween the base of the chest and the pelvis. 
 The parts which enter into the formation of the 
 lumbar region, are — the skin ; a considerable 
 quantity of cellular texture;broad and strongapo- 
 neuroses •,—theLaiissimusDorsi,Oiliq'Uu,i exter- 
 nusjandObliquusinternus^ahdominiSiTrcmsver-- 
 salis ^abdominis, Quadratus lu/mborum, and the 
 mass common to the Sdcro-lumibalis, Lbngissi- 
 mus dprsi ar^Maltifidus spina. These muscles 
 surround the lumbar region, of the vertebral 
 column. The vessels, neryes, &c., of.the loins, 
 are called hcmbar. 
 
 . ' LUMBO-SACRAL. Belonging to the luni- 
 bar and gacral regions. (F.) Lombo-sacre. Bi- 
 chat calls thus a very large nerve, given off 
 from the anterior branch of the fifth lumbar 
 pair, which descends into the pelvis before the 
 sacrum to join the sciatic plexus. 
 
 LUMBRICA'LIS, Verrn,icula,'ris. Resem- 
 bling a Ivmtricus, or 'earthworm.' A name 
 given to' small muscles, met with in the paliW 
 of the hand and sole of the foot. - 
 
 LuMBRioALEsMANus,K(Srano'/cs,K?a;rtrpr!W 
 interno'dii digito'rum maniis vel perfora'tus 
 lumbrica'lis,(^.) Annuli-tendino-fkalangieris, 
 Palmi'phdlangiens. Four srpall, fleshy, thin, 
 •round, long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the 
 palm of the hand, , and distinguished into 
 first; second, third, and fourth, counting from 
 without to within. They arise from the ten- 
 dons -of Uie flexor communis digitorum, and 
 are inserted at the outer and posterior side of 
 the superior extremity of the first phalanges of 
 the last four fingers. These muscles bend the 
 fingers on the metacarpus, and fix the tendons 
 of the flexor digitorum communis. 
 
 LuMBRiCALES Pedis, (E.) Planti-tendino-pka- 
 langiens, Planti-sovs-pkalangiejis, (Ch.) They 
 are analogous to those of the hand in form, 
 
 number, and arrangement. They increase the 
 flexion of the toes, and draw them ibwards. 
 
 LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumbricoides— 1. La- 
 tus, Bothripcephalus latus, '^aenia solium — I. 
 Teres Jibminis, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 LtJMBUS VENERIS, Achillea millefolium. 
 LUBIEN, Lighti Pupil— 1, Constans, Phos- 
 phorus. 
 LUMIkRE, Light. 
 
 LUNA, Argentum, Moon— 1. Albini, Sciatic 
 notch, lesser — :1. Potabilis, Argenti nitras. 
 LUNAR, Lunatic. . ' 
 
 LUNA'RE OS, Osi semiluna're. The second 
 bone in the upper fow of the carpus. 
 LUN ARIA, Menses. 
 
 Luna'ria Repivi'va, Leuco'ium, Bulbonach, 
 Satin, Honesty. Saiid, by Eayi to be a warm 
 diuretic. ' 
 LUNARIS, Lunatic ' 
 
 LU'NATIC, Lunat'icus', liundris, Luna'- 
 riiis. Lunar, from Luna, ' the moon.' .Relating 
 to the moon. An epithet given to diseases 
 which are supposed to appear at certain phases 
 of the moon,- or to those who are affected by 
 them. The term lunatic is restricted, to one 
 labouring, under lunacy, or mental alienation; 
 — Moonstruck, Selenoble'tus, 
 
 LUNATICUS, Epileptic, Lunatic, Somnam- 
 bulist. 
 
 , LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism. 
 LXJprB, Moon. 
 LUNELLA, Hypopyon. 
 LUNES, Menses. 
 
 LUNETTES ORDINAIRES, Spectacles. 
 
 LUNG, Pulmo-7-1. Black, of coal miners, An- 
 
 thracosis-y-l. Cancer of the. Phthisis, cancerous 
 
 — 1. Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia. \ 
 
 hvne, Perfobat'ins Abscess or the. A 
 
 purulent collection, which forms exteripr" to 
 
 the lung, and aft^ wards, perforates its tissue, so 
 
 that it is evacuated through the bi^onchial tubes, 
 
 LttNG Proof, Docinii^ia pulmonum — 1. Wort, 
 
 Pulmonaria-^1. Wort, cow's, Verbascum nigrum 
 
 —1. Wort, tree. Lichen pulmonarius. 
 
 LUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail— 1. Sca- 
 pulae, Notch, scapular. 
 
 LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junctura, Spina 
 .ventosa. ' • 
 
 LUPI'NUS. Under this termthe white lupin, 
 Lupi'nus al'bus, is meant, in some pharmaco- 
 posias. The seeds, which were much eaten, ifi 
 the days of Pliny and of Galen, are now ne- 
 glected. The meal is, however, occasionally 
 Used as an anthelmintic, and as a cataplasm. 
 
 LUPULI'NA, hu'pulina Lupulin'ic glands. 
 A shbstance which exists in the humulas lupu- 
 lus or hop. It is in the form of small, shining, 
 yellowish grains, which cover the base of the 
 scales of the hop; is pulverulent, and of an 
 aromatic odour. When analyzed, it is found 
 to contain resin, volatile oil in small quantity, 
 and, a bitter principle. It is aromatic and to- 
 nic, and — according to Dr. Ives — narcotic. 
 LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina. 
 LUPUS, ' the wolf.' So named from its ra- 
 pacity. Ulcus Tubercido'sum, Cancer lupus. 
 Noli me tangere, Phymato'sis lupus. _ Tuber- 
 cular excrescences, with ragged, spreading ulce- 
 rations, chiefly about the ate nasi, where they 
 destroy the skin, &c., for some depth. Some- 
 times they appear in the cheek, circularly, or 
 in the shape of a sort of ringworm, destroying 
 
LURCO 
 
 515 
 
 LYCOSA TARENTULA 
 
 the substance and leaving a deep and deformed 
 cicatrix. The knife or caustic should be used 
 to separate the sound from the morbid parts. 
 Arsenic has been given internally with advan- 
 tage. See, also, Lycoides. 
 
 Lupus Canceosus, Cancer — 1. Varioosus, 
 Naevi — 1. VoraXj Herpes exedens. 
 LURCO, Glutton. - . 
 
 LURID, Lu'ridus. Pale, yellow, sallow; — 
 applied to the complexion. 
 LUROR, Paleness. 
 LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia. 
 LUSCIOSUS, Borgue, Myops. ; 
 LUS'GIfA^j Luscios'itas, Luseii"ies. Stra- 
 bismus. The term has also been given to all 
 those cases of qbliquity in whi<ih the eye is 
 fixed in an unnatural position. — Beer. 
 LUSCITIES, Luscitiis. 
 LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
 LUSCUS, Borgne. 
 UTT, Lute. 
 
 LUTE, laitvm, (' mud,') Csemen'tum. (F.) 
 Lut. A composition employed either for 
 closing apertures in a pharmaceuticar instru- 
 ment, or for covering ike surface of retorts, 
 tubes, &c., which have to support a great de- 
 gree of heat. Lutes are composed differently^ 
 according to the object to be accomplished. 
 Commonly they are made of linseed meal and 
 starch. The /at Ivte is formed of clay and 
 drymg oil. Sometimes, the white of egg and 
 lime are used; and that which is employed for 
 covering vessels, intended to be strongly heated, 
 is made of clay, sifted sand, and water. 
 LUTEUS, Yellow. 
 
 LUTRON, Xwr^ar. A bath. Also, an oph- 
 thalmic medicine Galen. 
 
 LUX, Light. 
 
 LUXATIO, Luxation — 1. Imperfecta, Sprain. 
 LUXA'TIONj Muxa'tion, from luxan, ' to 
 put olit of place.' Dislaea'tion, Olisthe'ma,. 
 Apoped'asisy Ijuaxa'tio^ Disloca^tio, Ec'clisis^ 
 Strem'ma^lAixatu'Ta,Eetop'iayEcpto' sisjBlap' - 
 aae, Lt/gis'mus, E'T'w'tio, Edslasis, Exarthre'- 
 ma, Exarthro'ma', Exarthre'ma luxi^'tio, Ex- 
 esrthro'sis,. Exo'sis, Exotke'sis, Paratpp'ia, 
 Streblo'sis,Peloca'tio,ExarticKla'tio,(F.)lMX- 
 t^ion, Dislocation, Deboitement, A displace- 
 ment of a part from its proper situation. A 
 putting out of joint.' A displacement of two or 
 more bones, whose articular surfaces have lost, 
 wholly, or in part, their natural connexion; 
 either owing to external Violence, {accidental 
 luxation,) or to disease of some of the parts 
 about the joint (spoBianeott* luaiation.) Lux- 
 ation '\s complete when the bonps have entirely 
 lost their natural connexion; irieomplete, when 
 they partly preserve it; and compound, -when 
 a wound communicates with' the luxated joint. 
 The general indications of tre'atinent, are ;--^l. 
 To reduce the protruded bone to its original 
 place. 2. To retain it in situ. 3. To obviate 
 any attendant or consequent symptoms. 
 
 To reduce requires extension, counter-ex- 
 tension, and coaptation. 
 
 LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sa- 
 line waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot 
 of the Vosges, in the department of Haute 
 Saone. Five springs are thermal, and two 
 cpld. They seem to contain carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of iron and lime, and chloride of 
 sodium; and are employed as aperient, tonic, 
 and stimulant. 
 
 LYCAN'CHfi, Lyean'ehis, from Juxof, ^a 
 Wolf,' and dyx"! ' I strangle.' Wolf quinfy, 
 Wolf choak ; — as Cynanche means Dog choai. 
 Also, hydrophobia. See Lycoides. 
 LYCANCHIS, Lycanche. 
 LYCANTHROPE, see Lycanthropia. 
 LYCANTHRO'PIAi from wxat, 'a wolf,' 
 andavAg(i>Tc$, ' a man :' I/gca'on,Inaa!nialupi'- 
 ha, Lyeoma'nia. A variety of melancholy, in 
 which the person believes himself to be changed 
 into a wolf, and imitates the voice and habits 
 of that animal. One so circumstanced is called 
 a Ly'eimthrape, Lt/caMthro'pus. 
 
 LICANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia. 
 LYCAON, Lycanthropia. 
 LYCHNI0IUM, Biolychnium. 
 LYCHNIS SYLVESTRIS, Saponaria. 
 LYCHNIUM, Biolychnium. . 
 LYCOi'DES, Lyco'dts, from xukos, ' a wolf,' 
 and sijof, 'form.' Dupt sim'ilis. An'epithet 
 for a species of cynanche, called, also. Lupus, 
 and Strangula'top, and absurdly attributed to 
 excessive retention of sperrri in its reservoirs 
 and its passage into the blood (?).^-Gra:len. 
 
 LTCOPE DB VmaiNIE, Lycopus Vir- 
 gindcus. _ , 
 
 LYCOPER'DON, from iuxot.'a wolf,' and 
 vt^iia, 'I break wind;' L. Bovis'ta, Crep'itut 
 Lupi, Puff-ball, BullFists, Mol'lipuffs, Bovis'- 
 ta, (F.) Vesselaup. The puff ball dries into a 
 very fine, light brownish dust, which is some- 
 times- used as a mechanical styptic to arrest 
 hemorrhage. 
 ' Lycoper'don Tuber, 'Tuber Agriocas'tanvm, 
 Trnhs, Tuber ciba'rium, T. Guloso'ritm,' Ttc'- 
 bera Terra, Truffle, Tuckaho, (F.) Truffe, 
 A fleshy, firm body, unknown in its mode of 
 reprodiiction, which is found under ground, 
 especially in different parts of France, Italy, 
 &c., and is much esteemed as an aliment. It 
 seems to belong to the champignons, ind has a 
 particular perfume. Aphrodisiac virtues have 
 been ascribed to it. 
 
 LYCOPO'DIUM, from lvxo(, 'a wolf,' and 
 TotiSS ' a foot.' i. Clava'tum, Cingula!ria, 
 Muscus clava'tus, Club-moss, Wolf's-claw. 
 This is the largest of tlie European mosses. 
 The dust, which fills the capsules of its spikes, 
 is Very inflammable; and 'hence has been called 
 Vegetable Sulphur; — and, also, Fati'na seU 
 Pulvis sen Semen sen Sulphur Lycopo'dii. It 
 is used in France to roll pills and boluses in; 
 and in medicine is a desiccative, in the excoria - 
 tions to which infants are liable. It is col- 
 lected Chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for 
 commerce. 
 
 LroopoDiUM Seh'go, Muscus erec'tus. Up- 
 right Club-^ss, Fir Club-moss, Upright Fir- 
 moss. The decoction of this plant acts vio- 
 lently as an emetic and purgative ; and was 
 formerly, onthis account, used as an abortive. 
 It is also employed to kill vermin. 
 
 LY'COPUS, LrVirgin'ieus, Bugteweed, Wa,- 
 ter Bugle, Water Sorehound, Gypsy , Weed, 
 Paul's Bet'ony,(F.yLycopedeVirginie. This 
 indigenous herb, Sex, Syst. Diandria Monogy- 
 nia, Nat. Ord. Labiatae, grows throughout the 
 greater part of the United States. The whole 
 herb is said to be slightly narcotic. It is given 
 in infusion, ( Lycop. ,^j; ad fervent. Oj.) 
 Lycopus Virginicus, Lycopus. 
 LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina. 
 LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula. 
 
LYCOSTOMA 
 
 516 
 
 LYMPHOCHEZIA 
 
 LYCOSTOMA, Hyperoochasma. 
 LYE, Lixivitim, Ley— 1, Dyspeptic, see Fii- 
 ligokah— 1. Medical, see Fuligokali. 
 LYGISMUS, Luxation. ^ 
 LYGMODES. Singullous. 
 LYGMUS, Singultus. 
 LYGODES, Singultous. 
 
 T ^i^p-l"^ STATE, Parturient state. 
 
 LYMA, Lochia., . 
 
 LYMPHj iyjBp^a, from muipH, 'water,' W 
 changing v into ;i.. White Blood, Lympha Nu- 
 tnt"ia. A name given to the fluid contained 
 m the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of 
 animals, which have been made to fast for 24 
 hours. According to Chevreul, the lymph of 
 the dog contains wkter,- fibrin, albumen, com- 
 mon salt, subcarbonate of soda, phosphates of 
 lime and magnesia, and carbonate of lime. The 
 properties and composition of lymph vary 
 somewhat according to the part Whence the 
 lymphatic vessels .obtain it.. Generally, it is 
 under the form of a transparent, slightly alka- 
 line fluid, sometimes of a madder-red or yel- 
 lowish coloiir, — ctf a spermatic odour, and sa- 
 line taste; soluble in water, — the solution be- 
 coming turbid, when mixed with alcoholi When 
 left to itself, it coagulates. The clot or solid 
 portion becomes of a scarlet red, if put in con- 
 tact with oxygen; and of a purple red, if placed 
 in carbonic acid. . ^ 
 
 _ Like th? blood, the lymph consists of a' fluid 
 '" rS''"^'* ^y"*.?^ corpuscles are suspende'd. . 
 
 The lymph is probably the product of internal 
 absorption indifferent parts of the, body; it then 
 flpws along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with 
 the chyle, and, is poured with it into the veins; 
 thusbecoming one of the materials of the blood. 
 According to others, the blood, when it reaches 
 the arterial radicles, is divided into two por- 
 tions, — the onp red, which is carried to the 
 heart,^the other serous or white, which is ab- 
 sorbed by the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes 
 the .lymph. By others, again, the lymphatics 
 are considered to bri the vessels of return for 
 the white blood sent to certain tissues. White 
 blood, however, has probably no existence. 
 
 Lymph, Coagulable, Liquor sanguinis — 1. 
 Corpuscles, see Lymph-^1. Hearts, Lymphatic 
 hearts — I. Plastic, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 LYMPHA, Lymph— 1. Muculenta narium, 
 Nasal mucus— 1. Nutritia, Lymph— 1. Pancrea- 
 tis, see • Pancreas— 1. Peticardii,- see Pericar- 
 dium— 1. Plastica, Fibrin. 
 
 LYMPHADEJiri'TIS : from lympha,'\ymy>}i,' 
 and adeni'tis, ' inflammation of a gland:' - In- 
 flamma'tio glandula'rum lymphatica'rimi, Ade- 
 ni'tis iymphat'ica, (F.) Adenite lymphatique. 
 Inflammation of a lymphatic gland'or ganglion. 
 
 LYMPH^DUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANjGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 L YMPHANGIEC 't ASIS, Lymphmrys'ma; 
 from lymph, ayyeicv, 'a, vessel,' and txraai?, 
 ' dilatation.' Dilatation of lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOG'RAPHY, hymphangio- 
 graph'ia; from lymph, ayyeiov, < a vessel,' and 
 rgaifti, 'a description.' A description of the 
 lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMPHANGIOL'OGY, from Lyvipkangi- 
 on, 'a lymphatic,' and Xiyac, <a description.' 
 A treatise on the lymphatics. 
 
 l.YUVB.mGlOVOT£Y,Lym,ph(mgiotom'ia; 
 from lymph, ayyuov, f a vessel,' and rofiti, ' in- 
 cision.' The anatomy or dissection of the 
 lynlphatic vessels. 
 
 LYMPHANGON'CUS, Lykphon'cui; from 
 ayysiov, 'a vessel,' arid oyxog, 'a tu- 
 mour.' Tumefaction of the lymphatic's. ', 
 
 LYMP^AT'lC, LympXiat'icus. Thaf which 
 relates to lymph. ! 
 
 Lymphatic Heaets. Lymph Hearts. , The 
 frog and several other animals are provided with 
 large receptacles for the lymph immediately 
 underneMh the skin, which exhibit distinct and 
 regiilar pulsations like the sanguiferous heart. 
 Their use appears to be — to propel the lymph. 
 
 Lymphatic System is thatparticular system 
 of organs vi^hich is inservient to the formation 
 and circulation of lymph. These organs are: 
 
 1. Lymphatic Ganslions or Glands, see 
 Conglobate. , 
 
 2. Lymphatic Vessels, I^mphccduc'tus, 
 Lymphangi'a, Lymphan'ge'a, Yena Iymphat'ica, 
 Ductus sero'siy'Vasa lympkatica, V, resorhen'- 
 tia, Vasa hydrc^go'ga, Hfdrangi'a, , These are 
 very numerous . Arising at the surface of mem* 
 braftes' and in the tissue of the organs, they 
 carry into the veins the lymph from those parts. 
 Lymphatic, vessels are found in every part of 
 the body. Wherever they are met with, how- 
 ever,^ they form two orders, — one supet'ficial, 
 the other de^p-seated; — the two orders fre(- 
 quently communicating with each other. Lym- 
 phatic vessels are generally smaller than arte- 
 ries and veins. They are very thin, diapha- 
 nous, and cylindrical; but present, hei;.e and 
 there, more or less considerable , dilatations, 
 caused by valves iii their intetior. They are 
 slightly tortuous in their course ; their anasto- 
 moses are very numerous, and they often cross 
 each) otherj forming successive plexuses. Of 
 th^ arrangement of the extreme radicles we are 
 ignorant. All the branches,,before joining the 
 principal trunks, pass through lymphatic gan- 
 glions, in which they are convoluted, or sub- 
 divide almost ad infinitum. They are formed 
 of an outer cellular membrane and an internal 
 coat, similar to that of the veins; of the latter, 
 'fhe valves are formed. All the lymphatics of 
 the body, ultimately discharge themselves iht» 
 the subclavian and internal jugular veins. Two 
 of these trunks are considerably larger than 
 the otliers, — the ' thoracic dttct, and the great 
 trunk of the right side, (F.) La grande iieine 
 lymphatique droite. The former receives the 
 lymphatics of the abdomen, of the lower extre- 
 mities, the left side of the thorax, the left upper 
 extremity,, and the corresponding side of the 
 head and neck ; the latter receives those of the 
 right upper extremity, and of the right side of 
 the head, neck and thorax. 
 
 LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
 
 LYMFHE DE COTUGNO, Gotunnius, li- 
 quor of. , 
 
 LYMPHEURYSMA, Lymphangiectasis. 
 
 LYMPHITIS, Angeioleucitis, 
 
 LYMPHIZA'TION. A term used by Pro- 
 fessor Gross to signify effusion of coagulable 
 lymph. It is not a happy word, inasmuch as 
 lymph has another meaning, whilst the term 
 'coagulable lymph' is, now almost abandoned. 
 
 LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from /ympia, 'lymph.' 
 and _;tlC<o, ' I go to stool.' Serous diarrhoea. 
 
LYMPHONCUS 
 
 517 
 
 MACaOIRE 
 
 LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus^l. Iridis, 
 Iridauxesis.. ' .1 
 
 LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-memngeal. 
 LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora- 
 tion of lymph. , , , , 
 LYMPHOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' 
 and rtfaia, 'I cut.' Dissection of the lyjJipha- 
 tics. '' ' [ 
 
 LYNCH'S EMBROCATION. Ari emollient 
 nostrum, formed of olive oil impregna^d with 
 hergamot and other essences, and coloured TWith 
 cdiianet'root. _ 
 
 LYNGO'DES, Singultous— 1. Febris, Fever, 
 singultous. 
 LYNGYODES, Singultous. 
 'LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata. 
 LYNX, Singultus. 
 LYPE, Athymia. 
 i,YPEMANIA, Melancholy. 
 LYPEKOPHB&NiE, Melancholy. 
 LYPOMA, Lipoma, 
 
 LYPOTHYMIA, from 'Xwri, 'sadness,' and 
 »'vit.ii, 'heart, courage.' Very great sadness or 
 despondency. , ' _ , , 
 
 LYRA, >n;e«, 'the lyre.' Psalter, Fsalte- 
 rium. Corpus Psalloi'des, hyra Da'vidis, Lara'- 
 ina medulla' ris tria'ngula'ris cerebri. • The under 
 surface oif the posterior part of the body of the 
 fornix is impressed with numerous- trahsv,erse 
 and oblique lines, which have been so called 
 from some resemblance they bear to the ancient 
 lyre. ^ ' 
 
 LYRINGIUM, Etyngium campestre. ' 
 LYSIA, Lysis. • 
 
 LySIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA, JVkws- 
 mula'ria, Hirundina'ria, Centimor'bia, Creeping 
 Loose Strife, Motley Wort, (F.) Herbe dvx 
 ecus: This plant was formerly accounted vul- 
 nerary. It has been considered to possess anti- 
 scorbutic and astringent qualities, and has b6en 
 used in leucorrhoea. 
 
 Lysimachia Puepurea, Lythrum salicaria. 
 LYSIS, Lysia, from miw, ' I dissolve.' Solu- 
 tion. A common suffix; also, a name given 
 to crises which are operated insensibly; 
 that is, gradually and witKout-cWis'cai' symp- 
 toms. ' , 
 
 , LYSSA, Hydrophobia— 1. Canina, Hydropho- 
 bic. 
 LYSSAS, Maniodes. 
 LYSSeTER, Maniodes. 
 LYSSODEC'TUS, from vuoira, 'canine mad- 
 ness,' and iJaxvoi, ' I bite.' ' IJydroph'hius ; Cane 
 rab'ido morsus. One who has been bitten by a 
 mad dog, or is actually labouring under hydro- 
 phobia." 
 
 LYSSODEGMA, Lyssodeg'mtts, Lyssodexis, 
 same etymon. ■ The bite of a. mad dog. 
 LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodegma. 
 LYTE'RIOS, auojgw, (from iva, 'I dis- 
 solve,') 'solving.' An epithet given to those 
 signs which announce the solution oi a very 
 violent disease.' 
 
 LYTHRUM SALIC A'RIA, Lysima'ckmpur- 
 pu're^a, Salica'ria :-^the Common or Purple 
 Willow Herb. The herb, root, and flowers pos- 
 sess a considerable degree of astringency, and 
 are used, occasionally, in the cure of diarrhoea 
 and dysentery, leucorrhcea, hsemoptysis, 8sc. 
 LYTTA VESICATORIA, Cantharis. 
 LiTTA RuFiPES. A variety of Lytta, pecu- 
 liar to Chili, which is more active as a vesi- 
 cant than the cantharis, or the lytta next de- 
 scribed. • , 
 
 -Lytta Vitta'ta, Can'tharis vittftta, Pota'to 
 Fly, (F^) Cantharide tq,chetee. Four species . 
 of meloe that blister are found in the United 
 States. The lytta vittata feeds principally upon 
 the potato plant, and, at the proper season of 
 the year, may 'be collected in immense num- 
 bers. The.potato fly resembles the cantharides 
 in every property, and is fully equal to them. 
 
 M. 
 
 M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, 
 mamipulus, 'a handful.' A^^"} misce, 'mix.' 
 See Abbreviation. 
 
 MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 MACARO'NL An alimentary paste, mould- 
 ed of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or 
 wheaten flour. It is eaten — when boiled — in 
 soup — prepared with cheese, &c. . 
 
 Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent 
 compound of sugar and glass/of antimony, car- 
 ried into France by the Italian monks, and em- 
 ployed at the hospital La Chariti in the treat- 
 ment of painters' colic. , 
 
 MACE, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MACEDONISIUM, Smyrnium olusatrnm. 
 
 JVTACER, Gracilis. 
 
 MACERA'TION, Maeera'tioj from macero, 
 ' I soften by water.' An operation which con- 
 sists in infusing, usually without heat, a solid 
 , substance in a liquid, so as to extract its vir- 
 tues. 
 
 MACERONA, Smyrnium olusatrum., 
 
 MACES, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 MACHjERA, Culter, Knife, Penis. 
 
 MACH^RIDION, Macharion. 
 
 MACH^'RION, Maehx'ris, MachsErid'lon, 
 Gl0diotus. A knife. An amputating knife. 
 Jlufus of Ephesus asserts, that the Aru- 
 spices gave this name to a part of the liver 
 of animals. ; 
 
 MACH^RISj Knife, Novacula., 
 
 MACHA'ON, from /ta^am^ 'I desire to fight.' 
 The son of ^sculapius, and a celebrated phy- 
 sician. Hence: 
 
 MACHAOTSriA sen MACHAON'ICA ARS. 
 Medicine. The Healing Art : -^ so called after 
 Machaon, the son of ^sculapius. , 
 ' MACHITVAL, Meckan'icus. This epithet 
 is adde(} especially by French writers' to the 
 word movement, to express that the will takes 
 no part in it. 
 
 MACHINE', Maeh'ina, Machinamen'ttim, 
 Meck'ane, Mechane'ma. A more or less com- 
 pound instrument, used in physics and chymis- 
 try to put a body in motion, or to produce any 
 action whatever. Physiologists sometimes use 
 it for the animal body ; — as the machine or ani- 
 mal machine, 
 
 MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania. 
 
 MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone— «i, Diacru- 
 
MACIES 
 
 518 
 
 MAGISTERT 
 
 nienne, Maxillary bone, lower— m. Synerani- 
 BMMc,. Maxillary bone, superior. 
 
 MACIES,. Atrophy, Emaciation— m. Infan- 
 tum, Tabes niesenterica. 
 
 MACILENTHS, Gracilis- 
 
 :^AC1S, see Myristica moscBata. 
 
 MACRAU'CHEN, from ;ii*x5os, 'long,'and 
 otijfijj, 'the neck.' linigo eollo pras'ditus 
 One, who has a long neck;'— Galen. 
 
 MACRE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans. 
 
 MACRITUDO, Emaciation. 
 
 MACROBIOSIS, Longevity. 
 
 MACROBIOTES, Longevity. 
 
 MACROBIOTIC, Macrohiqt'icus, Macro- 
 H'otus, Macro'6iiis, Longa'vus, from ^c^x^o;, 
 'great,' 'long,' and |!iot, 'life.' That which 
 lives a long time. The nufcroUotic art is the 
 art of living a, long time. 
 ^ MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic. 
 
 MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic. 
 
 MACROCEPH'ALtTS, from /taxjo?, 'great,' 
 * long,' and xE ^aiij,,' head.' Qui magnum iidhet 
 caput. 'One who hag alarge head.' This epi- 
 thet is given tq children born with heads so 
 large that they seem to be hydrocephalic ; but 
 in which the unusual development is owing to 
 a large size of the brain. Suchare suppdsed to 
 be more than ordinarily liable to convulBions.(?) 
 The term has also been applied by Hippocrates 
 to certain Asiatics who had long heads. See 
 Capitones. , 
 
 MACROeO'X,IA, from ntxQo;, 'great,' and 
 miiJov, ' a limb.' Great length of limbs in ge- 
 neral, and of the lower limbs in particular. 
 
 MACRODAC'TYLUS, fvoxn/ua^^o;, ' great,' 
 and .TcexTuio!;, ' a'finger.-' Having long/ fingers. 
 
 MACROGLOSSA, see Macroglossus. ■ 
 
 MACROGLOS'SUS, from »<axsos, ' large,'; 
 and yXuTtra-, ' tongue.' One who ' has a very 
 large or prolapsed tongue, fiee Paraglossa. 
 
 MACRONOSI^, Chronic diseases. ' 
 
 MACROPHAL'LUS, from ftme'ot, 'large,' 
 and "<(pax\oc, 'the tnale organ.' A large size of 
 the male organs 
 
 MACROPHQ'NUS, from wsixgiis, ' great,' and 
 •piori;, 'voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
 
 MACROPHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from ^axjos, 
 ' long,' fuaa, 'lair,' and xscpaii;, < head.' A word 
 used by Ambrose Pare to designate an "augmen- 
 tation of th^-head of the fcetus, produced by'a 
 sort of emphysema, which retards delivery., 
 
 MACROPIPER, Piper longuin. 
 
 MACROPNCE'A, from fiayioc, 'long,' and 
 ntsci, 'I breathe.' ' A long and deep respiration. 
 
 MACROP!NV S, Macrop'noos. One Who 
 breathes slowly i-^a word met with in some 
 authors. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MACROP'ODUS; Mac'ropus, from ^ax^oc, 
 'great,' and a-out, 'foot.' One who, has a large 
 foot. 
 
 MACROR, Emaciation. 
 
 MACROR'RHIS, from fimtiot, 'great,' and 
 j/f or {IV, 'nose.' One who has a long nose. 
 
 MACROS, Long. 
 
 MACROS'CELES, Cfwra longa habena; from 
 (M!tx|os, 'long,' and o-zs^ot, 'the leg.' One who 
 has long legs. 
 
 MACROSI,:E, Chronic diseases. 
 
 MACRO'TES, from ^(OKSOf,' great,' and oi/f, 
 'an ear.' One who has long ears. 
 
 MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Actaea ra- 
 cemosa. 
 
 MACULA. A spot. Dyaohra'a, CelU,. 
 
 Lahes, (F.) Tache. A permanent discoloration 
 of some portion of the skin, often with a change 
 of its texture. Ephelis, Navus, Spilus, &c,, 
 belong to Maculae. 
 
 , Macula, Molecule — m. Carneaj, Caligo — m. . 
 Cornese arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneae mar- 
 garitacea, ParalAmpsis — m. Cribrosa, see Au- 
 ditory canal, interhal— m. Fusca, Ephelide*— 
 m. Germinativa, see Molecule — m. Hepatica, 
 Chloasma materna, Nsevus — m. Lenticularis, 
 Ephelides — m. Lutea retinae, see Foramen cen- 
 trale— m. Matricalis, ''Nsevus — ul. Mafricis, 
 Naevus — m. Solaris, Ephelides. 
 
 MACULE ANTE OGULOS VOLITAN- 
 TES, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MACULOSUS, Sable. 
 
 MADAR, Mudar.- 
 
 MADARO'SIS,.from ^ajos, 'bald.' ^ada- 
 ro'ma, Made'sis, Mnddr'otes, Milde'ma, Mad'- 
 isis, Depluma'tio, MilpluS!, Milpho'ais, Ptilo'- 
 sis, CaJvfiien. Loss of the hair,' particularly 
 of the eyelashes. 
 
 MADAROTES, Madarosis. 
 _ MADDER, DYERS', R^bia. 
 
 MADEIRA, CLIMATE OF. This island 
 is much frequented by pulmoinary invalids, on 
 account of the mildness and equability of its 
 climate. - Owing, indeed, to the mildness of the 
 winter, and the coolness of the summer, toge- 
 ther with the remarkable equality of^the tem- 
 perature during day and night, as Well aa 
 throughout the year, it has beeii considered, 
 that the cjiraate of Madeira is the finest in the 
 northern hemisphere. Sii! James Clark is of 
 opinion that^here is no place on the continent 
 of Europe, with, which he is acquainted, vfhere 
 the pulmonary invalid could reside with so 
 much advantage, during the whole year, as in 
 Madeira. 
 
 MADELEON, Bdellium. 
 
 MADEMA, Madarosis. 
 
 MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
 
 MADISIS, Depilation, Madarosis. . 
 
 MADISTE'RIUM, Madiste'Hon, Triehola'- 
 bivm, Tnch'ol'aUs, Volsel'la. Tweezers. An 
 instrument for extracting hairs. 
 
 MADNESS, CANINE, Hydr'ophobia— m. 
 Raving or furious. Mania. ' 
 
 MADOR, Moisture. A cold s,weat. 
 
 MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral. 
 
 MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora. i 
 
 MAEA, Midwife. 
 
 MAEEIA, Obstetric^. 
 
 MAEIA, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAEUTRIA, Midwife. 
 
 MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon, Magdalis. 
 Crumb of bread. Any medicine, as a pill, 
 formed of crumb of bread. ^ A roll of plaster, 
 . MAGElRICE, Culinary art. 
 
 MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne. 
 
 MAGIS, «o>ie, 'a cake.' A sort of cake,, 
 composed of cloves, garlic and cheese beaten 
 together. — Hippocrates. 
 
 MAGISTERIUM, Magistery— m. Bisrauthi, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of— m. Jalapae, Resin of Jalap 
 — m. Marcasitffi, Bismuth; subnitrate of— m. 
 Plumbi,Plumbisubcarbonas—m.Sulphuris, Sul- 
 phur lotum— m. Tartari purgans.PotasssE acetas. 
 
 MAG"ISTERY, Magiste'rium, from magis- 
 ter, ' a master.' Certain precipitates from sa- 
 line solutions were formerly so called; as well 
 as other medicines, the preparation of which 
 was kept secret. 
 
MAGISTRAL 
 
 519 
 
 MAGNET 
 
 Maoisteey of Bismuth, Bismuth, subni- 
 trats of. 
 
 MA&'ISTRAL, Magistra'Hs. Same etymon. 
 Extempora'neozis. Medicines are so called 
 whieh are prepared extemporaneojisly. OJici- 
 no^ medicines are such as have been prepared 
 for some time before they are prescribed. 
 
 MAGISTrANTIA, Imperatoria. 
 
 MAGMA, ft-ay/iit, (F.) Mara. The thick 
 residuum, obtained after expressing certain 
 substances to extract the fluid parts from them. 
 The grounds which remain after treating a sub- 
 Stance with water, alcohol, or any other men- 
 struum. . Also, a salve of a certain Consistence. 
 
 Magma or Maec of Olives is the residuum 
 after the greatest possible quantity of oil has 
 been extracted from olives by malting them fer- 
 ment. It was formerly employ esl as a stimulant, 
 tinder the form of a iath — to which the name' 
 Buin. lie Marc was given by the French. 
 
 Masma or Makc vf Grapes, Bri/'tia, was 
 once employed for the same purposes. 
 
 MAGNES, Magnet. 
 
 Magnes Aesenioa'lis. (^Sulphur, iehih arse- 
 nic, and common itntimony, of each equal parts. 
 Mix by fusion.) It is corrosive. See Magnetic 
 plaster. 
 
 Magnes Epilepsi;e, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum.' 
 
 MAGNE'SIA, Abarnnkas, Chnmbar, Terra 
 aina'ra. Magnesia terra,Taleearth; {ioaimagri.es, 
 '■ the magnet ;' because it was supposed to have 
 the power of attracting substances from the-air. 
 Its metallic base is magne'sium. 
 
 Magnesia, M, usta, M.cttlci'^ifta, Cul'cined 
 Magnesia, Oxide, of magne' sium, (F.) Magne- 
 sie brulie, Magnesie, M. Caustique. This is ob- 
 tained by exposing carbonate of magnesia to 
 a strong heaf. It is inodorous; taste very 
 slightly bitter; in the form of a white, li^t, 
 spongy, soft powder. S. g. 2.3; rtequlring 3000 
 times its weight of water for its solption. It 
 is antacid, ahd laxative when it meets with 
 acid in the stomach. Dose, gr. x. , to gj in 
 water or milk. - 
 
 Magnesia Aehata, Magnesise carbopas — m. 
 Alba, M. carbonas — m. Calcinata, M. usta — -m. 
 Edinbjjrgensis, Magnesia carbonas. 
 
 Magnesia, Effeevescino, Moxoh's. (Mag- 
 nes. earb.; M. sulpkat.; Sodas biearbon,, Acid 
 tartaric, aa partes ffiquales; to be pulverized, 
 well dried, mixed and enclosed in bottles her- 
 metically sealed.) - ^ 
 
 Magnesia, Fluid. Under this name a pre- 
 paration is designated, which consists of a so- 
 lution of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated 
 water. It is also terjned carbonated magnesia 
 wate/r, aerated magnesia water, and condensed 
 solution of magnesia, (F.) Eau magnesienne. 
 
 Magnesia, Henks's,' Magnesias carbonas — 
 m. Mitis, Magnesia carbonas — m. Muriate of, 
 Magriesii cbloridum: — m. Nigra, Manganese, 
 black oxide of. 
 
 Magnesia Opali'na. A name given by L6- 
 m6ry to a mixture of equal parts of antimony, 
 nitrate ofpotaM, ?Lndchidride of sodium, (decre- 
 pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not 
 used. 
 
 Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesise carbonas 
 — m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesise carbonas — 
 m. Saturni, Antimonium^m. Solution of, con- 
 densed, M. fluid — m. Terra, Magnesia — m. Vi- 
 triolata, Magnesise sulphas — m. and Soda, sul- 
 
 phate of, see Soda, sulphate of— m. Usta, Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Magnesia; Car'bonas, M. Stibcar'bonas, 
 Magnesicf, (Dublin,) M.a'era'ta, M, earbon'ica, 
 M. alba, Subcair' bormte of Magnesia, llenry's 
 Magnesia, . M. Subcarbon'ica, M. Mitis, M. 
 Bdinburgen'sis, M. Salis EbsdanteiHsis, M. 
 Salis ama'ri, Car'bonas magne'sicvm,Lae terra, 
 Hypocar'ionas magne'sice, T. amara aera'ta, 
 T. absqr'bens minera'lis,X. Talco'sa oxyanthra- 
 eo^des, (F.) Sous -carbonate ou carbonate de 
 Magnesie-, Mdgnesie aerie, M. blanche, M. 
 crayeuse, M. douce, M. effervescente, , M. mo- 
 yenne, Poudre ^e Sentinelli, F, de Valeniini, 
 P. du Comte de Palme, prepared from sul- 
 phate of magnesia' by subcfirbonate of potass. 
 It IS inodorous ; insipid; light; white; spongy; 
 opake} effervescing with acids; insoluble in 
 water. Properties the same as the last; but 
 the parbonic acid, when set free, sometimes 
 causes uilpleasant clistension. 
 
 MAGNEsiiEllYPocAEBONAs. M. carbonas — m. 
 Subcarbonas, M. carbonas — m. Vitriolicum, 
 Magnesise . sulphas . 
 
 Ma,gnesi«; Sulphas, Sulphas Magnesice pu- 
 rifica'ta, Mdgnesia vitriola'ta, Sal catjiar'ti- 
 ■cus dma*'r7ts, Sal catharticum aTnarum, Sal 
 ama'r'fvnh S. Anglica!nnm, Sulphate of Mag- 
 nesia, Sal Epsomen^sis, Sal eatharticus An- 
 glicd'n^s,, Sal Sedlicen'sis, Sal Ehsdarrien' si, 
 S, .Se^dschut^en' se. Terra a/ma'ra sulphii'rica, 
 VitrioVicum. Mdgne' six, Epsom Salt, Bitter 
 purging Salt, ^F. ) Sulfate de maanisie, 
 Sel ddr/lirable de Lemery, Sel d'Egra. Gene- 
 rally obtained from sea water. Its taste is 
 bittp and <iisagreeable. It is soluble in an 
 equal quantity of water at 60°. It is purgative 
 and diuretic. Dose, as a cathartic, 5ss to 5ij. 
 
 MAGNlSIE ABR£E, Magnesia carbonas 
 — m. Blanchi, Mag'nesis carbonas — m. Brulee, 
 Magnesja usta — m. Carbonate de, Magnesise 
 carbonas — to. Caustiqite, Magnesia usta — m. 
 Orayeu^e, Magnesia^ carbonas-^-m. Douce, Mag- 
 nSsiae carbonas^-«i. Effervescente, Magnesiae 
 carbonas — m. Mpye?ine, Magnesias carbonas — 
 Tn. Souscarbonate de, 'MagnesitB carbonas — m. 
 S!j//o*erfe, M^gn^siso sulphas. 
 , MAGNE'SII CHLO'RIDUM, Chloride of 
 Magne'sium, Muriate of Magnesia. This bit- 
 ter deliquescent salt has been given as a mild 
 and eff'^ctive cholagogue cathartic, in the dose 
 of half an ounce to (he adult. Being deliques- 
 cent, it may be kept dissolved in its weight 
 of water. 
 
 MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia— m. Chloride 
 of, Magnesii cbloridum — m. Oxide of. Mag- 
 nesia usta. - > 
 
 MAGNET, Magnes, Magne'tes, Ferrum 
 magnes attracto'/itim, Sideri'tes, S^deri'tis, 
 Lapis hexacXe'us, L. Syderi'tis, L. nau'ticus, 
 Maani'tis, so called from Magnes, its disco- 
 verer, or from Magnesia,, whence it was ob- 
 tained; ( F. ) Aimaht ; The magnet or load- 
 stone.. An amorphous, oxydulated ore of iron, 
 which exerts an , attraction on unmagnetized 
 ifon, and has the property of exhibiting poles ; 
 that is, of pointing by one Of its extremities to 
 the north. This ore, by constant or long rub- 
 bing, communicates its properties to iron ; and 
 thus artificial magnets are formed. Magnetic 
 ore is. found in many countries, and. particu- 
 larly in the island of Elba. The magnet is 
 sometimes used to extract spicula of iron fi;om 
 
MAGNETES 
 
 520 
 
 MALABATHRUM 
 
 the eye or from wounds. It has heen em- 
 ployed as an antispasmodic ; hut acts only 
 through the imagination. . The powder has 
 been -given as a lonie> In Pharmacy, it is used 
 to purify iron filings; . It attracts the iron, and 
 the impurities remain behind. It formerly en- 
 tered, as an ingredient, into several plasters, to 
 draw bullets and heads of arrows from the 
 , body^ — as the Emplastrum divinumJViebiai, the 
 Einplastr-wm nigrum of Augsbiirg, -the Opodel- 
 doch, and Attraetivum of Paracelsus, &c. 
 
 MAGNETES, Magnet., 
 
 MAGNEX'IC, Mizgnet'ietis. Same etymon. 
 That which belongs or relates to magnetism 5^ 
 mineral or animal. 
 
 Magnetic Fluid, A name given to the im- 
 ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its 
 virtues. By analogy it ,is applied to a particu- 
 lar principle^ supposed to be the source of or- 
 ganic actions, which aflFecta, it is conceivWd,> 
 the nervous system principally, and is suscepti- 
 ble of being transmitted from one living body 
 to another, by contact or simple approximation,, 
 and especially under the in^fluence of fixed vo- 
 lition. See Magnetism, Animal. 
 
 Masnetic Plastee^ a plaster, at present, 
 not used. It had for its base a mixtuiey called 
 Magnet arsenica'lis; /orraed of equal parts of 
 antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together 
 in a glass cucurbit. The name Utagn^tie ^/aj- 
 ««r was, likewise, giveii to such as contained 
 powdered magnet. , 
 
 MAGNETINUS, Potassas supertartras im- 
 purus. 
 
 MAG-NETISM, AN'IMAL, .Mes'nferism, 
 Neurogdmia, Bioga'frda, BiomagnUis'nius, 
 Zo'omagnetis'imes, £a»aVKr»imi'(prdposed by 
 Mr. H. Mayo,) Telluris'mua, Anthfopomagne- 
 tis'mus, Gar'gale, GargaHs'mus Gafgalus. 
 Properties attributed to the influettfce of a par- 
 ticular principle, which has been, compared to 
 that which characterizes th?^ magnet. It is sup- 
 posed to be transmitted from one person to an^ 
 other, dnd to impress peculiar modificatiops on 
 organic action, especially on that of the nerves^ 
 The discussions, to which this strange belief 
 has given rise, are by no means terminated. 
 There is no evidence whatever of the existence 
 of such a fluid. Highly impressible persons can 
 be thrown into a kind of hysteric sleep and 
 somnambulism, biit farther than this, the efforts 
 of the magnetizer cannot reach. It is a mode of 
 action upon the nerves through the medium of 
 the senses. 
 
 MAGNITIS, Magnet. 
 
 MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature. ^ 
 
 MAGNOC, Jatropha raanihot. 
 
 MAGNO'LIA GiAUCA,-iS»s«« Magnolia, 
 Magnolia, Swamp Sas'safras, Elk Bark, In- 
 dian Bark, White. Laurel, Sweet Bay, Beaver 
 Wood, White Say, Cinchona of Virginia, Cas- 
 tor Bay, Sweet magnolia^ Thfe bark is pos- 
 sessed of tonic properties, resembling those of 
 cascarilla, canella, &c. The same may be said 
 of the Magnolia tripet'ala or JJmhrel'la tree ; 
 the M. acumina'ta or Gu' cumber tree, the M. 
 grandiflo'ra and M. macrophyl'la. Laurel, Elk 
 wood, Silverleaf, Big leaf. White lag, Beaver 
 Tree, Elk bark. Big bloom. 
 
 MAGNUM DEI DONUM, Cinchona. 
 
 Magnum Os. The third bone of the lower 
 row of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb. 
 
 It is the largest bon? of thecarpus ; and is, ?lso, 
 called Os capita'tum; (F.) Grand Os. 
 
 MAGRUMS. A popular name in the state 
 of New York for a singular convulsive affec- 
 tion, which resembles chorea. It rarely, how- 
 ever, occurs before the adult ^ge ; never ceases 
 spoutaneously, and when fully developed, is 
 devoid of any paroxysmal character. 
 
 MAGUEY, Agavfe jimericana. 
 
 MAHMOUDY,-Coiivolvulus scammonia. 
 
 MAHOGAN FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia fe- 
 brifuga. r 
 
 MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis— m. 
 Mountain, Betula leiita — ni. Tree, Swietenia 
 mahogani. 1 - . , ' , . 
 
 MAIANTHEMUM, Convallaria maialis. 
 
 MAIDENHAIR) Adiantum capillus veneris 
 ^m. American, Adiintum pedatum — m. Ca- 
 nada, Adiantum pedatum — m. -Common, As- 
 plenium trichomanoides — m. Golden j Polytri- 
 chum — ^m. White, Aspleniuin rijta muraria, 
 
 MAIEIA, Obstetrics. 
 - MAIEUSIS, Parturition. 
 
 MAIE17TA, see Parturition. 
 
 MAlEUTER, Accoucheur. 
 
 MAtEtTTES, Accoucheur. 
 
 MAIEUtlCAARS, Obstetrics. 
 
 MAlGRETJU, Emaciation. 
 
 MAILLET, Mallet. 
 
 MAILLOT, Svvathihg clothes. 
 
 MAIN, Manus. 
 
 MAi'S, Zea mays. 
 
 MAJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. Sy- 
 riaca, Teucrium marurh. , ' 
 
 MAL D'AMOUR, Odont^iTgia. 
 
 MAL DES ARDENS. A name given to 
 a species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint . 
 Anthony's fire, which reigned epidemically in 
 France, in 113G. 
 
 MAL V'AVENTURE, Paronychia— m. di 
 Breno, Scherlievo-^m. Caduc, Epilepsy. 
 
 MAL DE CRIM&E (F.), Llpre des Cos- 
 saques. Lepra Taip'riea. A variety of lepra in 
 the Crimea'. ' 
 
 MAL DE VENT, Odontalgias^. dfEsto- 
 mac, Chthbnophagia — m. Divin, Ej)ilepsy — m. 
 d' Enfant, Pains (LabourJ) — m. di Fiiime, Scher- 
 lievo — m. Frani;ais,' Syphilis — m..de Gorge, 
 Cynanche^ — m. Haut, Epilepsy — m. de Ma- 
 choire, Trismus^-m. de Me,r, Nausea marina.— 
 OT.afeJfJre, Hysteria — m.<^«JfjiC)-e, Pellagra— 
 m. de Naples, Syphilis— m. Petit, Epilepsy—' 
 m. du Roi, Scrofula-|-OT. Rouge' de Cayenne, 
 Elephantiasis of Cayenne — m. Saint Antoine, 
 Erysipelas — m. Saint ■/««»», Epilepsy — -m. Saint 
 Main, Lepra, Psora — m. di Scherlievo, Scher- 
 lievo — m. de Siam, Fever, yellow. 
 
 MAL, BE SAN LAZARO, Cocohay.Jt. 
 leprous disease common .in Columbia, S. -Ai"^- 
 rica, and said to be cured hy the CuichunchuUi. 
 
 MAL DEL SOLE, Pellagra-m. de, So- 
 logne. Ergotism — m. de Terri, Epilepsy — m. a 
 Tite, Cephalalgia— OT. del Valle, Proctbcace— 
 m. Vat, see Anthrax. 
 
 MALA, Gena— m. Aurea, see Citrus auran- 
 tium. 
 
 MALABATH'RINUM. Ancient .name of 
 an ointment and a wine, into which the mala- 
 bathrum entered. 
 
 MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-lndi. The 
 leaves of a tree of the East Indies. These 
 leaves entered into the theriac, mithridate, and 
 other ancient electuaries. They are believed 
 
MALACC-E RADIX 
 
 521 
 
 MALIS 
 
 to be from a species of laurel — Laurus Cassia; 
 tut, according to others, from Lawus Maia- 
 bathrum.. The O'letim Malabathri is obtained 
 from it. ' 
 
 MALACCiE RADIX, Sagittarium alexi- 
 pharmacura. 
 
 >IALACHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MALA'CIA, from ^ci\axia, 'softness.' A 
 depiravation of taste, in which an almost uni- 
 versal loathing is combined with an exclusive 
 longing for some particular article of food. If 
 the patient desires substances thatjare not eata- 
 ble or noxious, it constitutes Picay Piaso'sis, 
 Pitto'sis, Heterorex^ia, Heterorfhex'ias Cissay 
 CiWo'sis, Citia, Lima' sis, Pica,' Allotriopha'gia, 
 Picacis'mus, Pica'tio, Depra'ved ap'petite, (F.) 
 Envie. These symptoms accompany several 
 nervous affections, — those of females in parti- 
 cular. In pregnancy it is common, and is 
 termed 'Longingj. 
 
 Malacia Afeicanordm, Chthonophagia— m. 
 Coidis, Cardiomalacia. 
 
 MALAOISMUS, Mollities. . 
 
 MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia. ■ 
 
 MALACbPHO NUS,froni naxi-ua, 'softness,' 
 and $(i)ri;, 'voice.' One who has a soft voice. 
 
 MALACOPOEA, Emollients. , 
 
 MALACORIUM, See IPunica granatum. 
 
 MAtACOSAR'COS, from ^aiawc, isoft,' 
 and 00^5, 'flesh.' One of a soft constitution: 
 haVit^ cor'poris moUio'ri jjrx'ditus, — Galen. 
 
 MALACOSIS,MoIlitieB—m. Cerebri, Molli- 
 ties cerebri — ip. Cordis, Cardiomalacia — m. He- 
 patis, Hepatoitnalacia — ra. Uteri, Hysteromala- 
 cia. 
 
 MALACOSTEON, Mollities ossium. 
 
 MALACTICA, Emollients. 
 
 MALACTICUM, Relaxant. 
 
 MALADE, Sick. ' , 
 
 MALADIB, Disease ^-m. Anglaise, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — m. Bleue, Cyanopathy — m. de 
 Bright, Kidney, Bri'ght's disease of the — nt. de 
 Cruveilheir, see Brash, weaning — m. Cjtculaire, 
 Pertussis — m. Glandulaire, Elephantiasis Ara- 
 bica — m, Jmaginaire, Hypochondriasis^ Hyste- 
 ria. 
 
 MAIADIE HES MINET7RS. Ansmia 
 occurring in the' workers in mines. 
 
 MALAD IE NOIRE, Melsena— m. du Pays, 
 Nostalgia-;— OT. Pedieulaire, Phtheiriasis — m. de. 
 Pott, Vertebral disease— ?». Typhoide, see Ty- 
 '. phus — OT. Venerienne, Syphilis — m, de Venus, Sy- 
 Iphilis — m. de Werlhof, Purpura heetoorrhagica., 
 '' MALADIES ACQUISES, Acquired dis- 
 eases — m. Annuelles, Annual, diseases — ' m. 
 Chroniques, Chronic diseases — m, Gonness, 
 ilConnate diseases — m. J)is^imulees, Feigned 
 diseases — m. Externes, External diseases — -m. 
 Peintes, Feigned diseases — m.. Inneea, Innate 
 diseases — m. Legitimes, see Legitimate — m, 
 Nerveuses, Nervous diseases — m. Simulees, 
 Feigned diseases — m. Supposms, Feigned dis- 
 eases — m. Venteuses, Pneumatosis, 
 f, MALADIF, SicM^. ' 
 
 MALADRERIE, L(kreHe.- 
 MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis. 
 MALjE; OS, from malum, ' an apple ;' so call- 
 ed from its roundness. Os mala're, Os Juga'- 
 U,Os JugaTnen'twm, Os Genx, Zygo'ma, Os Zy- 
 gomat'icnm, Os '6ypo'pium, Os Suboeula' rS, Os 
 Pii'dienm, (F.) Os Miilaire, Os Zygomatigue, 
 Oa de la Pommette. The cheek or malar bone. 
 This bone is situate at the lateral and superior 
 34 
 
 part of the face; and constitutes the zygomatic 
 region of the cheek. It is irregularly quadri- 
 lateral. Its outer surface is convex, covered by 
 muscles and skin, and pierced Virith canals, 
 called malar, through which vessels and nerves 
 pass. Its upper surface is concave, and forms 
 part of the orbit. Its posterior surface is con- 
 cave, and enters into the composition of the 
 temporal fossa. This bone is thick and cellu- 
 lar. It is articulated "with the frontal, temporal, 
 sphenoid, and superior maxillary bones, and is 
 developed by a single point of ossification. 
 
 The part of the face rendered prominent by 
 this bone, the French call Ponimette. 
 
 MALAG'MA, from i^i^lourirm, ' I soften.' An 
 emollient cataplasm, and, in general, every lo- 
 cal application which enjoys the- property of 
 softening organic tissues. " 
 
 MALAISE, Indisposition. 
 
 MALAKIEN, Mollities. 
 
 MALAMBO BARK, Matias. 
 
 MALANDRIA. A species of lepra or ele- 
 phantiasis. — Marcellus Empiricus. 
 
 MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with 
 a species of lepra. 
 
 MALAR, Mala'ris, from mala, ' the cheek.' 
 Belonging to the cheek, — as the malar bone. 
 
 Malar Process, Zygomatic process. 
 
 MALARE OS, Malae os. 
 
 MALARIA, Miasm. , 
 
 MALA'RIOUS, Mala'riid. Owing to, or 
 connected with IVIalaria, — as a malarious soil, 
 malarious disease, &c. ^ ^ . 
 
 T ii AL' A X A T E, Molli'rB, Swiig"erB, 
 Malaeissa're, (F.) Malaxer, from /^.a^itnau, 
 'I soften.' To produce softening of drugs, 
 byjcneading thenj. The process is called Ma- 
 laaia'tion, ^alaxa'tio, ^ 
 
 MALAXATION, s«ie To malaxate. 
 
 MALAXIA VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia. 
 
 MAL AXIS, Mollities -^m. Cordis, Cardio- 
 malacia. 
 
 MAJ-AZISSA'TUS. One in whom the tes- 
 ticles have not descended. It has, also, been 
 used synonymously with emascula'tus and mu- 
 liera'tus. — Castelli'. ; 
 
 MALGE, Chilblain. 
 
 MALE, Ma^, Mas'culus. Of the sex that be- 
 gets young. ' Not female. What belongs to the 
 male sex; as the male^organs of generatiofi, 
 
 Male, Axilla — m. Organ, Penis. 
 
 MALEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
 
 MALTA, see Equinia. 
 
 MALIASMUS, Malis, see Equinia. 
 
 MALICHORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
 
 MALIE, Equinia. 
 
 MA,LIG'NANT, Malig'mis, (F.) Malin. A 
 terrcH-appligd to any disease whose symptoms 
 are so aggravated as to threaten the destruction 
 of the patient." A disease of a very serious 
 character, although it may be mild in appear- 
 ance^; — -Morbus malignus. 
 
 MaLIN, Malignant. 
 
 MALING'ERER; from (F.)iWo;img-re, 'sick- 
 ly.' A simulator of disease, so termed in the 
 British military service. 
 
 MALIS, Malias'mos, CutJneows vermina!- 
 tion. The cuticle or skin infested with animal- 
 cules, — Phthiri'asis, Parasitis'mus superfic''- 
 iei. In Persia, this affection is produced, by 
 the Guinea worm; in South America, by the 
 
MALLEOLAR 
 
 522 
 
 MAMEI 
 
 dngte; and in jE!urope, occasionally by the 
 Louse. See E(jumia, and Fbtheiriasis. 
 
 Malis DKAOiiMCULUsi Dracunculus— ^m. Gor- 
 dii, i)racunculus — ml Eedifculi, phtheiriasis. 
 
 MALLE^OLAE, Malleola'Hs, from malleo- 
 lus, 'the ankle*' Belonging or relating to the 
 ankles. 
 
 Malmolae Arteries are two branches fur- 
 nished by the anterior tibial about the instep; 
 the one — the internal— -"passes transversely be- 
 hind the tendon of the tibiali-s anticus to be dis- 
 tributed in the vicinity of the malleolus inter- 
 nns : — the other — the external — glides behind 
 the (endons of the extensor communis digito- 
 rum pedis and the peroneus brevis, and sends its 
 branches to the parts which surround the outef 
 ankle, as well as to the outer region of the tarsus. 
 MALLE'OLUS. Diminutive of «ioWe»i, 'a 
 mallet, or hammer )' Rasce'ta, Rdste'ta, RaSoha,^ 
 Rasetta, Rase'ta, Sphyxa, .-^alus, X>iab'obos, 
 Tale'olustPsza; ihe Ankle, {Y.yMdlleole, Che- 
 viile du Pied. The two projections formed by 
 the bones of the leg at their inferior part. The 
 inner belongs to the tibia ; the outer to the 
 fibula. The ankles afford attachment to liga- 
 ments, and each has a sort of gutter, itf which 
 certain tendons slide. See Malleus. 
 
 MALLET, JfaWe'otes, {F.)Maillet. A kind 
 of hammer, used with a gouge, for removing or 
 cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatonii7 
 cal operations. ■' - > 
 
 MAL'LEU.S, Malle'olus; Ossib'uhwf Mal- 
 leolo assimila'tum^ (F.^Marteau. The longest 
 and outermost of the four small bones of the 
 ear. It is situate at the outer part of the tym- 
 panum, and is united to the membrana tympa- 
 ni. It has, 1. An ovoid head, which is articu- 
 lated behind with the incus, and is supported 
 by a narrow part called the neck : this has, ante- 
 riorly, a long apophysis, which is engaged in the 
 glenoid fissure, and is called the Apophysis or 
 Process, Processus grac"ilis, of Rau. It a,f- 
 fords attachment to the anterior^ mallei muscle. 
 2. A handle, which forttis an obtuse angle with 
 the neck, and corresponds to the membrahe of 
 the tympanum, which it seems to draw inwards. 
 It is furnished at its upper' extremity with a 
 process — the processus brevis, to which the 
 internus mallei 13 attached. This bone^ is de- 
 veloped by a single point of ossification. 
 
 Malleus, Equinia — m. Slender Process of 
 the, Gfile apophyse du martsau. 
 
 MALLOW, COMMON, Malva— m. Cora- 
 pound decoctic)n of, Decoctum malvae composi- 
 tum — m. YelloWi, Abutilo'n cordatum. 
 
 MAhO DI SCARLIEVO, Scherlievo. 
 
 MALOGRANATUM, Punica gfahatum. 
 
 MALPIGHI, ACINI OF, Corpora Malpighiana. 
 
 MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) Mou- 
 reillier, Simarouba faux. The bark of this 
 shrub — a native of Cayenne — is reputed to be 
 febrifuge, and useful in diarrhoea. 
 
 MALPIGHIAN BODIES, Corpora Malpig- 
 hiana — m.:-b. Inflammation of the, Kidney, 
 Bright's disease of the. 
 
 MALT, Sax. mealc, Dutch m o u t, Teut. 
 malt; from fia\^TTx, 'I soften;' Byne, Mal- 
 tum, Hor'dei tnaltum, S'ra'sium, (F.) Dr^che. 
 Barley made to germinate, for tbe purpose of 
 forming beer. It has been recommended in 
 medicine, as antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, &c. 
 
 Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. 
 It is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials. 
 
 MALTA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of 
 Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera- 
 ture in the twenty -four hours being . rarely 
 more than 6°. The air is almost always dry 
 and clear. ^The most disagreeable wind is the 
 sirocco, which is the source of more or less 
 suffering to the pulmonary invalid. The winter 
 climate is favourable. Dr. Liddell thinks that 
 no place which he h^s seen in the south of Europe 
 can compete with Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing 
 air in November, December, and, part of Janu- 
 ary ; and durmg the other winter and spring 
 months, be thinks it is equal to any of them. 
 
 MALTHA, Malthi., from fiakaTta, ' I 
 soften.' Wax, particularly soft wax. 
 MAKTHACTICA, Emollients. 
 MALTHAXIS, Mollities. 
 MALUM; Disease, Melum — m. Articulorum, 
 Gout — m. Caducum, Epilepsy — m. Caducum 
 pylmonupni, Asthmi^^m..Canum, see Pyrus cy- 
 donia — ni. Coensei Averrhoa carambola — m. 
 Cotoneum, see Pyrus cydonia — m. Hyjjochon- 
 driacum. Hypochondriasis — m. Hysteric um. 
 Hysteria— m. lusanum, see Solanum Melonge- 
 na^m. Ischiadicum, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea 
 — m. La^ari, Elephantiasis. 
 
 Malum Moe'tuum. A specie/s of lepra, in 
 which the affected portions of skin seem t& be 
 struck ^ith death. 
 
 Malum Pilars, Trichosis — m. Pottii, Ver- 
 tebral disease — m. JPrimarium, Idiopathia — m. 
 Spinosnm, Datura stramonium — m. Terrestre, 
 Atropa Mandragora — m^Venereum, Syphilis. 
 
 MALUS AURANTIA MAJOR, Citrus aii- 
 rantium. 
 
 Ma'lds In'wca, Bilumhi biting-bing of Bbn- 
 tins. The Juice of this East India tree is cool- 
 ing, and is drunk as a cure for fevers. The 
 leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with 
 rice, are famSd in all sorts of tumours. The 
 juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for; the cure 
 of diarrhcea. The ripe fruit is eaten as a deli- 
 cacy ; and the unripe is made into a pickle' for 
 the use of the table. 
 
 Malus Limohia Acida, see Citrus medica-~ 
 m. Medica, see Citrus medica. 
 
 MALVA, Malita sylves'tris, M. vulga'ris, 
 Cpmmion Mallow, (F.) Mauve sauvage. The 
 leaves and flowers are chiefly used in foniienta- 
 tions, cataplasms, and emollient enemata. Its 
 properties are demulcent. 
 
 Malva rotundifo'lia, MaVacke, Mol'6che,\a.i 
 like virtues; as well as the other varieties. 
 MALVA VISCUM, Althsa. 
 MALVERN, WATERS OF. The village 
 of Great Malvern, (pronounced A?aMi'««r»,) in 
 Worcestershire, England, has for many years 
 been celebrated for a. spring of remarkable pu- 
 rity, which has acquired the name of the Holy 
 viell. It is a carbonated water ; containing car- 
 bonates of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and 
 chloride of sodium,, and is chiefly used exter- 
 nally, in cutaneous affections. ' , 
 
 MAMA-PIAN. An ulcer of a bad aspect, 
 which is the commencement of the plan ; and 
 which, after having destroyed the flesh, extends 
 to the bones. It is also called the Mother of 
 Pia-ns; — La rnere des plans. 
 
 M. AMFI, Mamofj Momin or Toddy Tree. 
 From incisions made in the branches of this 
 West Indian tree; a copious discharge of pellu- 
 cid liquor occurs, which is called momin of 
 
MAMELLE 
 
 533 
 
 MAMMILLARY 
 
 Toddy wine. It is very diuretic, and is es- 
 teemed to he a good antilitbic and lithontriptic. 
 
 MAMELL^, Mamma. 
 
 Jf^ATBLOIV, Nipple. 
 
 MAM^LONN£, Mammillated. 
 
 MAMELONS DU REIN, Papilte of the 
 kidney., 
 
 MAMILLA, see Mamma. 
 
 MAMMA, from mamma, one' of the earliest 
 cries of the infant, ascribed to a desire for food. 
 Masthos, Mastus, J}fazos,^The,lB, Titthos, Ra- 
 ma, Uber. The female breast, (Mammdl'la, 
 Mamillahsmg the male breast,) (F.) Mamelle, 
 A glandular organ, . proper to a class of ani- 
 mals — the mammalia ^^aaA intended for the 
 sesretion of milk. The mammae exist in both 
 Sex«3, but they acquire _a much greater size 
 in the female; especially during pregnancy 
 and lactation. In women, before the ag( 
 of puberty, the breasts are but little, deve^ 
 loped. At this period, however, towards the 
 central part of each breast, the skin suddenly 
 changes colour, and assumes a rosy tint 
 It is of a reddish brown in women who 
 have suckled several children. This ciixle 
 has a rugous appearance, owing to the pre- 
 sence of sebaceous glands, and is called Are'' 
 ola or Anri'pJ,a. These glands furnish an 
 unotuous fluid for defending the nipple from 
 the action of the saliVa of the sucking infant. 
 In the midst of the aureola is the nipple, a co- 
 noidal eminence, of a Josy tint, susceptible of 
 erection, and at the surface of which the galac- 
 tophorous ducts open. Besides the Skin cover- 
 ing them, the breasts are, also, composed of a 
 layer of fatty cellular tissue, more or less 
 tiiick ; of a large gland ; excretory ducts ; ves- 
 sels, nerves, &c. See Mammary. 
 
 The breasts are called the bpsom, (F.) Sein. 
 
 MAM'MARY, Mamma'rius, from mamma, 
 • the breast.' Relating to the breasts. 
 
 Mammary Abscess, Mastodyuia. apostema- 
 tosa; V 
 
 Mammary Arteries are three in number. 
 They are distinguished into — 1 . The Internal 
 Mamm,aryi Arte'ria stema'Hs, A. Sous-sternal 
 (Ch.) Internal thorac"ie. It arises from the 
 subclavian and descends obliquely inwards, 
 from its origin to the cartilage of the third rib. 
 Below the diaphragm it divides into two branches; 
 the one exteriial, the other internal. From its 
 origin until its bifurcation, it gives branches to 
 the muscles and glands of the neck, to the thy- 
 mus, mediastinum, pericardium, and oesopha- 
 gus. In each intercostal space, it gives off in- 
 ternal and external musculo-cutaneotis branches, 
 and also, on eachside, the superior diapkragma- 
 lic. '■ Its two ultimate branches are distributed 
 on the parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose 
 *ith the external mammary, intercostal, lum- 
 bar, circumflexa ilii, and epigastric arteries. 2. 
 The Esaternal Mammary Arteries are two in 
 tnmber, and are distinguished' into superior and 
 inferior-. The superior external ^mammary, 
 Pirst of the thoracics "(Ch.,) Superior external 
 tMaeie, Superior thoracic, is furnished by the 
 axillary artery. It descends obliquely for- 
 wards between the pectoralis major and pecto- 
 lalis minor, to which it is distributed by a con- 
 siderable number of branches. The inferior 
 eattrnal mammary,: the second of the thoracics 
 (Ch,,) Long or inferior thoracic, arises from 
 the axUlary artery, a little below the preceding. 
 
 It descends vertically over the lateral p^rt of 
 the thorax; curves, afterwards, inwards; be- 
 comes subcutaneous and divides into a number 
 of branches, which surround' the breast. It 
 gives branches to the pectoralis major, seriar 
 tus majoranticus, the intercostal muscles^ th« 
 glands of the axilla and the integuments of tfaa 
 breast. 
 
 Mammary Gland is the secretory organ of 
 the milk. It is situate in the substance of th« 
 breast, to which it gives shape and size. Th* 
 tissue of this gland results from the assemblaga 
 of lob'es of different size, united intimately by^ 
 a dense cellular tissue. Each of these is com- 
 posed of several lobules, formed of roiind gra- 
 nulations, of a rosy white colour, and of the 
 size of a poppy seed. The glandular grains 
 give rise to the radicles of the excretory canals 
 of the "mamma, which are called galactophoreUs 
 01 lactiferous. These excretory vessels unite 
 in ramusculi, rami, and in trunks of greater or 
 less size; collect towards the centre of the 
 gland; are tortuous, very extelisiblp and semi- 
 transparent. All terminate in sinuses, situate 
 near the base of the nipple, which are com- 
 monly from 15 to 18 in number. These sinuses 
 are very short, conical, and united by cellular 
 tissue. From their summits, a. fasciculus of 
 new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of 
 the nipple and open separately at its surface.. 
 The arteries of the mammary gland come from 
 the thoracic, axillary, intercostal, and internal. 
 mammary. The veins accompany the arteries: 
 the nerves are furnished by the intercostals, and 
 brachial plexus ; the lymphatic vessels are very 
 numerous, and form two layers. They com- 
 municate with those of the thorax,' and pass 
 into the axillary ganglions. , 
 
 Mam'makySarco'ma, Mastoid sarcoma ol 
 Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'ruim. 
 A tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam- 
 mary gland; dense and whitish? sometimes 
 softer and brownish; often producing, on ex- 
 tirpation, a malignant ulcer with indurated 
 edges. Found in various parts of the body and 
 limbs. 
 
 Mammary Veins folloiy the same course as 
 the arteries, and have received the same deno- 
 minations. The internal mammary vein, of 
 the right side, opens into the superior cava; 
 that of the left, into the corresponding sub- 
 clavian vein. The external mammtary veins 
 opeii into the axillary vein. 
 
 MAMME'A AMERICA'NA. The syste- 
 matic name of the tree on which the mammtt 
 fruit grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour 
 when ripe; and is much cultivated in Jamaica, 
 where it is generally sold in the markets as 
 one of the best friiits of the island. 
 
 MAMMELLA, Nipple. 
 
 MAMMIFORM,-Mastoid. 
 
 MAMMILLA, Mamma (male,) Nipple. 
 
 MAMMILL.ffi MEDULLARES, see Mam^ 
 miliary. 
 
 MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid. 
 
 MAM'MILLARY,ilfa7»?rai7te'rt»,fromi)fa«»- 
 milla, ' a small breast, a nipple.' See Mastoid. 
 
 Mammillary Em'ihekce is a name given, 1.. 
 To more or less marked prominences on the in- 
 ner surface of the bones of the cranium, whici- 
 correspond to the anfractuosities of the cra- 
 nium. 2. To white, round, medullary tuber- 
 cles, of the size of a pea, aituate at the bate o{ 
 
MAMMILLATED 
 
 521 
 
 MANIA 
 
 the brain, behind the gray substance from which 
 the Tige pimitaire, of the French anatomists, 
 arises. These Marnmllary Tubercles, Cor'pora 
 cUbicdn'tia, C. Candican'tia, C. Mammilla'ria, 
 MammillsB medulla'res, Proniinentice albicnn'-. 
 tes, Proces'sus maimkillaWes cer'^bY%^Protenrt}' 
 lio'nes glandida'reS; J^tniiun'tia^ pandican'tes, 
 Pno'rum crwmmfor'nicis bulbi,WiUis' s Glands, 
 (F.) Bulbes de ia voiite a trois'piliers, Ttiber- 
 cles pisiforims, (C;h.) are united to each other 
 
 ■ by a small grayish band, which corresponds 
 with the third ventricle. They' receive the 
 anterior prolongations of the ifornix. Some 
 ancient anatomists, taking the nervous trtinks, 
 to which Willis first gave the name of oZ/acfory 
 nerves,. iax simple appendages of the brain, 
 called them, on account of their shape, Carwn!- 
 culxvtammilla'res. Vesalius, Fallopius, Coluin- 
 bij«, and several others, termed them Proces'sns 
 wianLndllu'res cer'fibri ad nares, 
 
 , MAMMILLATED, (F.) Mamvlonne, from 
 marrnna^ 'the female breast.' That which has 
 mammiform projections on its surface. 
 
 Mambjillated LivEK, Cirrhosis. 
 
 MAM MO 'SITS, from ilfomma, < breast.' 
 Having large breasts. ^ 
 
 MAMOE, Mamei. 
 
 MAN, Aner, Authropos, Homo. 
 
 MAN-IN-THE-GRO CfND, Convolvulus pan- 
 duratus. 
 
 MANCHB D'HIPPOCUATE, Chdusse. 
 
 MANCURANA, Origanum. - ' 
 
 MANDIBULA, Maxillary bone. 
 
 MANDIBULARIS MOSCULUS, Masseter. 
 
 MANDO, Glutton. 
 
 MANDRAGORA, Atropa mandragora. 
 
 MANDRAGORI'TES, from ^lav^oayopa, the 
 At'ropa mandrag'ora or mandrake. Wine in 
 which the roots of mandrake have been in- 
 fused. ' 
 
 MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora. Podo- 
 phyllum peltatum, P. montanum. > 
 
 MANDUCATIO, Mastication— m. Difficilis, 
 Bradymasesis. ' - 
 
 MANDUCATORY NERVE, see Trigemini. 
 
 MANGANESE, BLACK OXIDE OF, iKate- 
 gane'svh ox^idwm, M. Binox'idum, Tetrox'ide 
 of inangwriese, Magne'sia nigra, MangaTie' sium 
 vitrarioWum, Mm oxyda'twrn ^ati'vutn seu lyi- 
 grum, Mdngwne'sivtmochrdcnim, nigrum, M. 
 oxyda'tiim nati'vum, Man'ganum oxydd'tum 
 nativvm, Molybdts'num vmgne'sii, Oxo'des 
 
 ■ man'gdni nati'va, Perox'ydtim mifngane'sii ni- 
 grum nativii^,' Superox'ydum mangan'icimk, 
 (^.).Oxyele noir de manganese. This oxide is 
 not much used in medicine. It has been ad- 
 vised to dust "the aifected parts, in tinea capitis, ^ 
 with the powder. 
 
 MANGANESE, OXYDE NOIR DE, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide 'of. 
 
 Man'gahese, Su^,phate of, Mahgane'sii 
 Sulphhs, M. ProtoMdi Sulphas, Sulphate of 
 Protox'ide of Manlganese. A rose-coloured 
 and very soluble salt, isomorphous with sul- 
 phate of magnesia. It is prepared on a large 
 scale for the use of the dyer, by heating in a 
 close vessel, peroxide of manganese and coal, 
 and i^issolving the impure protoxide thus ob- 
 tained in sulphuric acid, with the addition of a 
 little chlorohydric acid towards the end of the 
 process. The solution is evaporated to dry- 
 ness, and again exposed to a red heat, by which 
 the persulphate of iron is decomposed. Water 
 
 then dissolves the pure sulphate of manganese, 
 leaving the oxide of iron bphind. 
 
 This salt has been recently recomipended 
 as a cholagogue, in doses of a drachm "or 
 two. , ■ , " ' 
 
 /MamsanesiS, TETnqxiDE op, M". Black oxide 
 of. 
 
 MANGANESri BINOXlDUIf, Manganese, 
 black oxide of— m. Oxidum, Manganese, black 
 oxide of— ,m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, 
 Manganese, black oxide of-^m. Protoxidi sul- 
 phas. Manganese, . sulphate of— m. Sulphas, 
 Manganese, sulphate of. 
 
 MANGANESIUM- OCHRACEUM • NI- 
 GRUM, Manganese, black oxide of— m. Oxy- 
 datuin nativum seu nigrum, Manganese, Black 
 oxide of — m. Vitrariorum, Manganese, black 
 oxide of. 
 
 MANGANI OXODES NATIVA, Manga-, 
 nese, black oxide of. i 
 
 MANGANICUM SUPEHOXIDUM, Man- 
 ganese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGANUM OXYDATUM NATIVUM, 
 Manganese, black oxide of. 
 
 MANGIF'ERA IN'DIC A, The Mango tree, 
 (F.) Manguie^. A tree cultivated oyer Asia, 
 and in South. America. Mangos, when ripe, 
 are juicy; of a good flavour; and So fragrant 
 as to perfume the air to a considerable distai^ce, 
 They are eaten, either, raw or preserved with 
 sugar. From the expressed juice a wine is pre- 
 pared ; and th.e remainder of the kernel can be 
 reduced to an excellent flour for bread. 
 
 MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica. - 
 
 MANGONISATIO, Falsification. 
 
 MANGO'NIUM,.Falsification. ' 
 
 MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
 
 MANGOST ANA, Garcinia mangbstana., 
 
 MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana.. 
 
 ikMJVffZJ/SBjJWangifera Indica. ' ' ' 
 
 MANIi Arachis hypogsea. ' , 
 
 MA'NIA, ' Furor, Hemifinthrb'pia, . EuroT- 
 Tnania, Insa'nia,Delir'ium'nia^i'acu7n, Ecphfo'' 
 nia TTLanid, Delir'in/m mania, D. furio'sum. 
 Mania universa'lis, Yesa'nia mania, (F.). ikZias- 
 nie, ^yperphrenie, Raving or furious madness; 
 frorn fiaivuuai, ' \ am furious.' With some, 
 it means insanity. Disorder Of the intellect, 
 in which there is erroneous judgment or hal- 
 lucination, which impels to acts of fury. If 
 the raving be not directed to a singleobject, it is 
 mania properly so called; if to one object, it 
 coiistitutes monomania, which term is, ho^fiter, 
 usually given to . melantholy. Mania attacks 
 adults chiefly.; and (Wdmeh more frequently 
 than. pien. . The prognosis is unfavourable. 
 About one-third never recover; and^they.^vho 
 do are apt to relapse. Separation is one of 
 the most effective means of treatment, with 
 attention to the corporeal condition and every 
 thing that can add to the> mental comfort of the 
 patient, and turn his thoughts away from the 
 subjects of his delusion. In the, violence of the 
 paroxysmSj recourse must be had to the strait 
 waistcoat, thp shower bath, &c. Separation 
 should be continued for some weeks during 
 convalescence, with the view of preventing a 
 relapse. 
 
 Mania, Dancing. Dancing plague. A 
 form of convulsion, which has appeared, at 
 various times, epidemically under the form of 
 St. Vitus's dance, St. John's dance, Tarantism, 
 Hysteria, Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased 
 
MANIACUS 
 
 535 
 
 MARCHIONIS PXJLVIS 
 
 sympathy ;" and ■\*hich has been fully descriVed 
 by Hecker in his ' Epidemics of the Middle 
 Ages.' See Convulsionnaire, 
 
 A form of convulsion, induced hy religious 
 phrenzy, has been vulgarly called the Jerks, 
 
 Mania Epileptioa, see Epilepsy — m. Ero- 
 tica, Erotomania — m. Lactea, M. puerperjil— 
 m. Melancholica, Melancholy — m. a Pathemate, 
 Empathema — m. a Potu, Delirium tremens. . 
 
 Mania, Puek'pe&al, Ma'nia ^uetpera'riim 
 apu'ta, M. ptierpera'lis, M. lac'tea, tnsa'nia 
 puarpera'rumj Encephalopathi^a piierpera'Hs, 
 Puerperal Insanity. Mania which supervenes 
 in the childbed state. 
 
 'Mania Puerperarum Acuta, M.. puerperal 
 —^n. sine DeKrio, Pathomania — m. a Temu- 
 tentiA, Delirium tremensr— mi Pellagria, Pel- 
 lagra. < 
 
 MANIACUS, Maniodes. 
 
 MANICA HIPPOCRATIS, Chausse. 
 
 MANIE, M3Xa%-^-m. Sans dilire, Empathe- 
 ma. 
 
 MANIGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
 
 MANIIBAR, Jatfopha manihot. 
 
 MANIEU^VIUM, Manulu'vium, from ma- 
 mis, ' the hand,' and lavo, ' I wash.' A bath 
 for the hands. It may be rendered stimulating 
 by means of iriuriatic acid, mustard^ &c. 
 
 MANIOC, Jatropha manihot. 
 
 MANIODES, Mani!a&u.s,. Mani'acal. One 
 labouring, under mania; Heinianthro'pus, Fu- 
 rio' sus, Furibund'us, Ziysaas, Lysse'ter. 
 
 MANIPULA'TION, from Vmnus, 'a hand.' 
 Mode of working in the arts.- 
 
 MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Poignee.^The quan- 
 tity of a substance capable of filling the hand. 
 A' handful. See' Fasciculus. 
 
 MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur. 
 
 MANNA, see Fraxinus ornus — ra. Briangpii, 
 see Pinus larix— m. Calabrina, see Fraxinus 
 ornus — m. Croup, Semolina — m. Metallorilm, 
 HydraVgyri submurias. 
 
 MANNEQUIN, Fantom. 
 
 ;MANNIEIN, Fantom. 
 
 MANNIN, See Fraxinus ornus. 
 
 MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus. > * 
 
 MANCEUySE (F.), from main, < the hand,' 
 and lEWKre, 'work.' Opera'tio chirur'gica vel 
 oistet'rica. The practice of surgical or obstet- 
 rical operations on the dead body or phaiitom. ' 
 
 MANSFORfi'S PLATES, see Galvanism. 
 
 MANSORIUS, Bucfinator. 
 
 MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MANTELE, B^dage (body.) 
 
 MANTI'A, M'an'tica, Mdn'ticl, in English, 
 mancy.;z. common suffix, denoting ' divination;' 
 Divina'tio, PradivinatiQ, PrtBsa'giiwi, 
 
 MANTfLE,"" Bandage (body.) 
 
 MANTLE, Panniculus carnosus. 
 
 MANU'BRIUM, from manus, ' a hand.' The 
 handle of any thing i-'—as Tnanu'briwm mall'ei, 
 peiiolus malHei, 'the handle of the malleus.' 
 
 ManubridMj Chasse — m. Manus, Radius. 
 
 Manubrium Sterni. The uppermost broad 
 part of the sternum. 
 
 MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium. 
 
 MANUS, Cheir, Chir, Instrumentum Instru- 
 mentorum, (F.) Main. The hand. The part 
 which terminates the upper extremity in man, 
 and which is inservient to prehension and touch. 
 It extends from the fold of the wrist to the ex- 
 tremity of the fingers. The hand is sustained 
 by a bony skeleton, composed of a number of 
 
 pieces, movable on each other ; of inuscles, ten- 
 dons, cartilages, ligaments, vessels, nerves, &c. 
 It is divided into three parts — the carpUs or 
 wrist, the metacai'pus, and fingers. Its con- 
 cave surface is called the palm; the convex sur- 
 face the back of the hand. The facility of be- 
 ing able to oppose the thumb Ho the fingers in 
 order to seize objects forms one of the distinc- 
 tive characters of the human hand. 
 
 Manus Cheisti Psrla'ta. A name an- 
 ciently given to troches, prepared of pearls and 
 sugar of roses. They were carlled Manuii 
 Christi sim'^Kcei, when, pearls were not em- 
 ployed. . 
 
 Manus Dei. An ancient plaster, prepared of 
 ivaXj myrrh, frankincense, mastich, Gum a/m- 
 TnoniaCjGalbanitm, oil, &LC. See Opium. 
 
 Manus HepatiS, Porta vena — m. Jecoris, 
 Porta vena — m. Parva majori adjutrix, see Di- 
 gitus. , 
 MANUSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
 MANUSTUPRATORj Masturbator. 
 MANYPLIES, Omasum. 
 MAPLE, Acer sacch'arinum — m. Ground, 
 Heuchera cortusa. 
 MARAIS, Marsh. 
 
 MAR ANT A ARUNDINACEA, Arrow 
 root. 
 
 ' Maran'ta GaIj^an' a a, Alpi'rda gald/i'ga, 
 Amo 'mum galanga^ Galanga. The smaller ga- 
 lan'gal. Two kinds of <galangal are mentioned 
 in the pharmacopoeias; — the greater obtained 
 from I Keempferia galangd, arid the smaller, 
 from the root of Maranta 'galanga. The 
 dried root is brought fipm China, in pieces, 
 from one to two inches in length, but scarcely 
 half as thick; branchfed; fullof knots and joints, 
 with several circular rings, of a reddish brown 
 colour, on the outside, and brownish within. 
 It was formerly much used as a waraistorha- 
 chic bitter j and generally ordered in bitter in- 
 fusions. - ' 
 
 MARASCHINO, see Spirit. 
 
 MARASMOP'YRA, Pebris marasmo'd'ei, 
 (TOin fAaea<r/ios, 'marasmus,' and wf, 'fever.'. 
 Fever of emaciation in general. Hectic fever. 
 
 MARASMUS, Atrophy— m. Phthjsis, Phthi- 
 sic pulmonalis. 
 
 Marasmus Seni'lis, Tabes senum. Progree- 
 sive atrophy of the aged. 
 
 Marasmus Tabes, Tabes — in. Tabes dorsa- 
 lis. Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 MARATHRI'TES, from naqa^gi^v, ' fennel.' 
 Wine impregnated with fennel. 
 
 MARATHROPHYLLUMi Peucedanum. 
 
 MARATHRUM, Anethum— m. Sylvestre, 
 Peucedanum. 
 
 MARAUGIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARBLE, Marrtior. 
 
 MARBRE, Marmor. 
 
 MARC, Magma. 
 
 MARC ASIT A, Bismuth— m. Alba, Bismuthi 
 subnitrate of — m. Plumbea, Antimonium. 
 
 MArCASITjE MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth, 
 subnitrate of. 
 
 MARCHAN'TIA POLYMOR'PHA, Hepat'. 
 icafonta'na, lAchen stella'tum, Jecora'ria, Ldi/- 
 erwort, (F.) Hepatigue des fontaines. Thia 
 plant is mildly pungent and bitter. It is re- 
 commended as aperient, resolvent, and anti- 
 scorbutic ; and is used in diseased liver, &c. 
 
 M4RCHE LA, Walking. 
 
 iJIARCHIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of ih> 
 
MARCORES 
 
 526 
 
 MARSH 
 
 Marquis. A powder, formerly considered to 
 be anti-epileptic ; and composed of Malejiaeom/ 
 ropt. Mistletoe, Ivory shavings, Horn of ike 
 hoof of the stagy Spodiwrn^ ' Tooth of the viono^ 
 don, coral, Sfc, 
 
 MARCORES, AtropKy, Emaciatipn. 
 
 MARCORY, Stillingia. 
 
 MAR&GAGEVX, Elodes. 
 
 MAREO, Pupa. 
 
 MARE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 MARGA CAN'DIDA, Lac lunce. An an- 
 cient name for a variety of spongy, white, 
 fi'iable marl, which was employed as an astrin- 
 gent and refrigerant. 
 
 MARGARETIZZA, Scherlieep. 
 
 MARGARITA, Pearl. 
 
 MARGARITA'CEOUS, Margarita' tern, 
 (F.) Nacre; ixaia Margarita, 'pearl, mother of 
 pearl.' Resemtling, o? of the nature of, mother 
 of peiirl, — &sLeuco'ma Margarita' ceum; Pearl- 
 like leucoma. , 
 
 MARGARON, Pearl. 
 
 MARGELIS, Pearl. 
 
 MARGELLIUM, Pearl. 
 
 MARGim-STIS-SCAPXTLO-TROCHITl- 
 RIEN, Teres minor. 
 
 MARGO, Bord — m. DentatuSjSee Retina — .m. 
 Orbitalis, see Orbit. 
 
 MARGUlRITE, PETITE, Bellis— »». d,es 
 Pris, grande, Chrysanthemum leucainthemum. 
 
 MARIENBAD, MINJIRAL WATERS OF. 
 Celebrated springs in Bohemia. The Kreuz- 
 brunn contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
 iron, and carbonic acid. 
 
 MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG, Mesembry- 
 anthemum crystallinum — m. Garden, Calen- 
 dula ofScinalis — m. Singlej Calendula officina- 
 lis — m. Wild, Calendula arvensis. ' 
 
 MARIS, /ua{i;. Ancient name of a measure, 
 containing 83 pints and 4 ounces. 
 
 MARISCA, Ficus, Haemorrhoig. 
 
 MARJOLAINE, Origanum majorana. 
 
 MARJORAM COMMON, Origanum— m. 
 Wild, Origanuin — m. Sweet, Origanum ma- 
 jorana. 
 
 MARJORANA, Origanum majorana — m. 
 Maiieurana, Origanum. 
 
 MARMALADE, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MARMARYGO'DES, 'brilliant.' An epi- 
 thet, joined particularly to the word o^aax-jKOf, 
 to indicate a brilliant eye, a hashing eye. 
 An eye which transmits the image of imagi- 
 nary objects. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 MAR'MELADE, Marmela'da, Marmela'ta, 
 Marmalade, Miva. Parts of vegetables., con- 
 fected with sugar, and reduced to a pultaceous 
 consistence. ' 
 
 Mabmelade of Apkioots. A marmelade, 
 prepared witl^ two parts of ripe apricots de- 
 prived of their stones, and one part of white 
 fUgar. 
 
 Marmelade of'Fernel, M. of Tionchin. 
 
 Marmelade of Tronohin, or of Fernel. 
 A kind of thick looch, of an agreeable taste, 
 prepared with two ounces of oil of • sweet al- 
 monds, as much syrup of violets, manna in 
 tears, very fresh p7ilp of cassia, 16 grains of 
 gum, tragacanth, and two drachms of orange 
 flower water. It is used as a laxative, demul- 
 cent, and pectoral. 
 
 MARMELATA, Marmelade. 
 
 MARMOR, Marble, Calcis Car'honas durus, 
 
 (F.) Marhre. White granular carbonate of 
 lime. Used in pharmacy for the preparation of 
 a pure lime, and the disengagement of carbonic 
 acid. ' 
 
 MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 MARMQRYGE,, see Metamorphopsia^— m. 
 Hippocratis, HemiopLa. 
 
 MARGATE, Arithemis cotula. 
 
 MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF. This 
 once celebrated efnetic, called dry, from its 
 being exhiijited without drink, consisted of 
 eqiial portions of taftariz^d antimony and sul- 
 phate of copper. 
 
 MARRONIER D'INDE, ^Esculus Hip- 
 pocastanum. , -, ' , 
 
 MARROW, My'elas, Medul'la, Med'ullary 
 Juice, Axvaii'gia de Mum'ia, Sax. mepj, (F.) 
 Mo'elle, Sucmidullaire. Theoiiy,inflamma'ble, 
 whitish or yellowish juice, which fills the me- 
 dullary canal of the long bones, the cancellated 
 structure at the extremities 6f those bones, the 
 diploe of flat bones, and the interior of short 
 bones. The, marrow is famished by the exha- 
 lation of the medullary membrane. ' It is fluid 
 during life, and appear^ qnd^r the form of 
 small points or brilliant grains' after death. It 
 is enveloped in the medullary membrane,^ 
 
 MaeIiow, Spinal, Medulla spinalis — ^m. Verr 
 tebral. Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MARRUSE BLANC,M!ai\xhmm^-m.NoiT, 
 Ballota jftetida. ; 
 
 MARRU'BIUM, Marruhium vnlga'rS, M. 
 album, Pra'sium, Phras-um., Horehouv-d, (F.) 
 Marrube blanc. The leaves have a moderately 
 strong, aromatic smell ; and a very bitter, pe- 
 netrating, diifusive, and, durable taste. It has 
 often been given in copghs and asthmas, united 
 with sugar. Dose, _^ ss to g j, in infusion ; dose, 
 of extract, gt. x. to gss. 
 
 Ford's Balsam of Horekound is made, as 
 follows : — horehound; liquorice root, aa Ibiij and 
 5viij; water, q. s. to strain Ibvj. Infuse. To 
 the strained liquor add : — proof spirit or brandy, 
 1612 ; camphor, ^ j and 3ij J opium, and benjamin, 
 ail ^j; dried squills, ,^ij; oil of ariiseed,^^, 
 honey, Ibiij and .^viij — Grayi It is pectoral. 
 
 Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca — m. Nigrum, 
 Ballota foetida. 
 
 MARS, Ferrum — m. Solubilisj Ferrum tar- 
 tarlzatum. - . , 
 
 MARSEILLES,'(CLIMATE OF.) The^e- 
 marks made upon the climate of Montpelliet 
 apply even in, greater foiye to rthat of Mar- 
 seilles. It possesses all the objectionable qua- 
 lities of the climate of south-eastern France. 
 
 -MARSH, Ijimni,Helos, Palv,s, Sax. "meWC, 
 (F.) Marais. Marshy districts give ofl'emana- 
 tions, which are the fruitful sourcte of disease 
 and the cause of great irisaluhrity in many 
 countries. The chief disease, occasipiied by 
 the malaria or miasm, is intermittent fever. 
 Hence it becomes -important to drain such re- 
 gions, if practicable. Some marshy countries 
 are not so liable to phthisis pulmonalis, and 
 it has been found, that where intermittents 
 have been got rid of by draining, consump- 
 tion has, at times, become frequent. Tie 
 most unhealthy periods for residence in a 
 marshy district are during the existence of the 
 summer and autumnal heats; at which times 
 the water becomes evaporated, and the marshy 
 bottom is more or less exposed to the sun's 
 rays. This postulatum seems necessary for the; 
 
MARSHAI-L'S CERATE 
 
 327 
 
 MASTICATION 
 
 production of the miasmata: for whilst the 
 marsh is well covered with watfer,- no miasm is 
 given off. ^ - ^ 
 
 Maesh Poison, Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow, 
 Althsa— m. Root, Static?Caroliniana—m. Tea, 
 
 Ledum palustre. 
 
 MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar- 
 shall's. 
 
 MARSHY, Elodes. 
 
 MARSIPlUM, Marsupion. 
 
 MARSUM, Mar'sium, Mar'sicum. An an- 
 cient wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used 
 as an astringent in certain diseases of the mouth. 
 
 MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion. . 
 
 MARSUPIALIS,Ischio-trochanterianBS,Oh- 
 
 turator internus. 
 
 MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion. 
 
 MAR.StJ'PIO N, Marsyp'ion, Marsip'pon, 
 Marsu'pium, Marsip'ium, Sac' cuius. A sac or 
 bag, with which any part is fomented.' Also, 
 the abdopunal pouch in the' kangaroo, opos- 
 sum, &c., into which the young, born at a very 
 early stage of development, ^re received and 
 jiourished with milk secreted from glands con- 
 tained within the pcwches. Such animals are 
 termed Marsu'pial, Marsii^piate^ Marsupia'- 
 lia. See Greneration. 
 
 -MARSUPIUM, Scrotum— m. Musculosum, 
 Dartos. - , 
 
 MARSYPlbN, Marsupion. 
 
 MARTEAU, Malleus. 
 
 MARTIAL, Chalybeate. 
 
 MARTIALIS, Chalybeate. 
 
 MARTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 MAfeTIA'NUM UNGUEN'TUM, (F.) On- 
 guent de Soldat, Soldier' s_pintmbnt. This was 
 composed of hay berries^ rue, marjoram, mint, 
 sage, wQrTnwood, basil, olive oil, yellow wax, and 
 Malaga wine. It was invented by Martian; 
 and was employed by soldiers as a preservative 
 against cold. 
 
 MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura. 
 
 MARUM,C0RTUS1, Teucrium marum— m. 
 Creticum, Teucrium marum— ,m. Syriacum,^ 
 Teucrium marum— m. Verum, Teucriiim ma- 
 rum — m. Vulgare, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 MAS, Male, Modiolus. 
 
 MASCHALE, AxiUa. 
 . MASCHAEIjEUS, Axillary. 
 
 MASCHAUS, Axilla. 
 
 MASCHALISTER, Axis. 
 
 MASCHALON'CITS; Maschalopa'nus, from 
 lidox'tKri, 'the axilla,' and^ymf, 'a tumour.' 
 A tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla. 
 
 MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus. 
 
 MASCULA, Tribade. 
 
 MASCULUS, Male. 
 
 MASESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MASHUA, (S.) A tuberous root, of a, fiat 
 pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked 
 like the potatoe by thp Serranos of Peru. It is 
 watery and insipid, but nevertheless is much 
 eaten by them. The Indians use ,the mashua 
 as a medicine in dropsy, dyspasia, and dys- 
 entery. The plant is unknown to botanists. — 
 Tschudi. 
 
 MASK, Larva, (F.) Masque. Abandageap- 
 plied over the face, as a sort of mask, in cases 
 of burns, scalds, or erysipelas. It serves to 
 preserve the parts from the contact of air, and 
 to retain topical applications in situ. It is 
 made of a piece of linen, of the size of the face, 
 ia which apertures are made corresponding to 
 
 the eyes, nose, and mouth, and which is fixed 
 by means of strings stitched to the four angles. 
 MASLACH, Mbslich, Am'phion, An'fion, 
 A medicine much used by the Turks, and into 
 the composition of which opium enters. It is' 
 eiitcitant. 
 MASON'S, Mask. 
 
 MASS, iA<iX?>^,Maza, Massa, from fcuvra, ' I 
 mix.' The compound, from which pills have 
 to be formed. 
 
 MASSA, Mass— rm. Carnea Jacobi, Sylvii, 
 see Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus 
 perforans — m. de Dactylis, Paste, date*-m. de 
 Extracto glycyrrhizae, Pasta glycyrrhizse, &c. 
 — m. de Gummi Arabico, Paste, marshmallow 
 — m. de Zizyphornm fructu, Paste of jujubes. 
 
 MASSAGE, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSEMA, Mastication. 
 
 MASSEMENt, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSES APOPHrSAlRE^, see -Verte- 
 brae. ■■ , 
 
 MASSESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MASSE'TER,fromvK«(r!«oji««i,'Ieat,"Ichew.' 
 Mus'culusmandibiila'ris,(7.yZygomato-t^aml- 
 laire. A muscle situate at the posterior part of the 
 cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower 
 jaw-bone. Itk long, quadrilateral, and is at- 
 tached, above, to the inferior edge and to the 
 inner surface of the. zygomatic arch; below, it 
 terminates at the angle of the jaw, and at the 
 out^r surface and inferior inargin of the ramus 
 of that bone. It Is composed of an intermix- 
 ture of flcshyand aponeurotic fibres. Its office 
 is to raise the lower jaw, and toact in mastica- 
 tion. 
 
 Massetee. Internus, Pterygoideus internus. 
 
 MASSETERIC, Mas'seterine,, Masseter'- 
 icus, Masseteri'nus. Relating or belonging to 
 the'masseter muscle. >' 
 
 Masseteeine Aeteet arises from the trunk 
 of the internal maxillary or temporalis pro- 
 funda posterior, and is distributed to the mas- 
 seter muscle, after leaving passed, horizontally, 
 through the sigmoid notch of the lower j aw-tone. 
 
 Massetkeine Nerve is given off. from the 
 inferior maxillary-branch of the fifth pair. It 
 passes through the sigmoid notch, and is dis- 
 tributed on the inner surface of the masseter. 
 In luxation bl the lower jaw, this nerve is 
 strongly stretched, and considerable pain, con- 
 sequently, produced. 
 
 Masseteeine Vein has the same distrihutioD 
 as the artery. It opens into the internal max- 
 illary vein. 
 
 MASSETERINUS, Masseteric. 
 
 MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 MASKING, Shampooing. 
 
 MASSULA, Molecule. 
 
 .MAST ADENITIS, Mastitis. 
 
 MASTALfelA, Mastodynia. 
 
 MAST AX, Mystax. 
 
 MASTEMA, Masticatory. 
 
 MASTERWORT, Heracleum lanatum, Ira- 
 peratoria, Angelica atropurpurea. 
 
 MASTESIS, Mastication. 
 
 MASTHELCOSIS.Mastodyniaapostematosa. 
 
 MASTHOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTICATION, Mastica'tio, Mase'ds, 
 Masse'sis, Masse'ma, Maste'sis, Mand,uca'tiOf 
 Commanduca'tio, from /uta-Ti x""!, 'I chew.' 
 The action of chewing or bruising food, to pre- 
 pare it for the digestion it has to undergo in the 
 stomach. This is executed by the joint action 
 
MASTICATORY 
 
 528 
 
 MATERIA 
 
 of the tongue, cheeks, and lips, which push the 
 alimentary substance between the teeth; and 
 by the motions of the lower jaw it is cut, torn, 
 or bruised, 
 
 MAS'TICATORY, Masticato' rivm, Maste'- 
 ma, DiwmasWma. Same' etymon. A sub- 
 stance, chewed with the intention of exciting 
 the secretioh of saliva* ~ 
 
 Masticatoey Nerve, see Trigemiti. 
 
 MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus— m. Herb, 
 common. Thymus mastiqhina— m. Hprb, Syri- 
 an, Teucrium marum— In. Tree, Pistacia len-^ 
 tiscus. 
 
 Ma'sTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas- 
 tichina. ' ' 
 
 MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Tricfiocephalus. 
 
 MASTIGO'SIS, Flagella'tio. Plgigellation, 
 scourging ; emplpyed by the ancients as a re- 
 medy in many diseases. 
 
 MASTI'TIS, Mastoi'Hs,hJlamma'Ho Mam* 
 Tna'i Masiadeni'tis, (F.) Injlammatipn des Ma~ 
 mdles, from fiaoTsg, 'the breast,' aadi itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 breast. 
 
 Mastitis Apostematos*, Mast'odynia apos- 
 tematosa. ,■ 
 
 MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus. i 
 
 MASTQDJ^, Mastoid. 
 
 MASTODYN'IA, Mastal'gia, from /a'aa-nc, 
 'the breast,' and o^un;, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 breasts; a form of neuralgia. 
 
 Mastodyn'ia- AposteMato'sa, Phleg'monl 
 Ma/mma^ Masthelco'sis, Masti'tis ajaostp.mato'- 
 sa, Galact^poVte'maf Galactoftiasto'parecto'ma,-^ 
 Ahsces'sus ^Mafima, A. lac'ieus, Pkleg'mohe 
 JUastodyn'iaj Abscess of the Breast, Matn'tnary 
 Abscess, Weed in the Breast. Phlegmonous in- 
 flammation of the breasts, running on to suppu- 
 ration. It is one of the best examples of acute 
 phlegmonous inflammation, and requires the ac- 
 tive use of a,ppropriate treatment. 
 
 Mastody nia Pol yg ALA, Sparganosis^— m. 
 Poly gala, Mastospargbsis. 
 
 MASTOID, Masto'i'desj Mastd'des, Mastoi- 
 deus, Ufammillaris, Papil'li-aMt-mammilli-for- 
 mis, MammiforTn'is , MaTn'Tniform, from fiaa-toc;, 
 'a breast,' and siiJbj, 'form, resemblance.' 
 Having the form of a nippl^: Also, that which 
 relates to the mastoid process, JXCdstoi' deus . 
 
 Mastoid Aperture : — the opening of com- 
 munication between tjie cavity of the tympa- 
 num and the inastoid cells. 
 
 Mastoid Cells, Antrum- iriastoideiim, Mas- 
 toid Sinui. These are situate in the mastoid 
 process; ''communicate with each other, and 
 open into the cavity of the tympanum. Their 
 use seems to be to ^ increase the intensity of 
 sound: 
 
 Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas- 
 toid process, %nd gives passage to a small artery 
 of the dura mater, as well as to a vein which 
 opens into the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid -Fossa, (F.) Gouttihre masto'idienne, 
 is a depression at the inner surface of the mas- 
 toid portion of the temporal bone, which forms 
 part of the lateral sinus. 
 
 Mastoid or Digastric Groove, (F.) Eai- 
 nure masto'idienne ou digastrique, is a groove, 
 situate at the inner side of the mastoid process, 
 which affords attachment to the posterior belly 
 of the digastric muscle. 
 
 Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius. 
 
 Mastoid or Mam'mipokm or Mam'millary 
 
 Process, Pars mastoxdea, is situate at the infe- 
 rior: and posterior peirt of the temporal bone, 
 and' gives attachment to the digastric and mas- 
 toid muscles. ' ' 
 
 MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-cleido-mastoidenS— 
 m. Lateralis, Complexus minor. 
 
 MASTOiDO-CONCHINIEN, Retraljens 
 auris — m. Genien, Digastricns— ws. Hyoginien, 
 Digastricus — m, Orieulaire, Retrahens auris. 
 
 MASTON'CUS, Thelon'cus, froni' fiaaro!, 
 'the breast,' and oj/xof, 'a tumour.' A tume- 
 faction of the nipplcjor^f the breast itself. 
 
 Mastoncus PolYgalacTicus, Mastospargo- 
 
 M ASTOP ATHI'A, frohi /u airn c, ' the breast,' 
 and vd6o!, ' disease.' An affection of the breast. 
 . MASTORRHA'GIA, from hol^tos, 'the 
 bifeast,' and Q^ywfit, 'to flow.' An unusual 
 flow of milk. 
 
 MASTOS, Mamma. 
 
 MASTOSPARGO'SIS, MdstodyWia poly'^- 
 ala, Mdston'cus polygaiac'ticus, from' ^(ots'Tpf, 
 'the breast,' and <riT,«ej-am, 'I am full to burst- 
 ing.' Fulness of the breasts with riiilk, so 
 that they are Teady to burst." 
 
 MASTRUPATIO, Masturbation. 
 
 MASTURBA'TION, Cina'dia, Gar'gdU, 
 Gar'galus, Gargalis/miis, MaStuprd'tiii, Manu- 
 stupra'tio, Manstupra'tio, from manus, ' the 
 hand,' and stupro, 'I ravish;' Ona'nia, Org- 
 anism, JEdaogarSaris'-mus, jBdaogarga'tus, 
 Andplas'mus, GauAia fada, YoVtintary Polln'- 
 tion. Self Pollution, (¥.) Abu^ ,de soi-mSpie, 
 Attouchnment. Excitement of the genital or- 
 gans by the hand. ' 
 
 lilASTURBA'TOR, Mastupra'tor, Mgrnt- 
 siiipra'tor : same etymon. One given to mas- 
 turbation. 
 
 MASTUS, Mamma. 
 
 iK^T (F.), Dull. . 
 
 MAT SON,{'?.) A. dull sound. The obscure 
 noise, afforded in certain diseases when any part, 
 as the chest, is percussed. It has been compared 
 to that produced when the thigh is struck. It 
 is opposed to the Son elair, or 'clear sound.' 
 
 MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
 
 MATER, Uterus^m. Dura, Dura mater— 
 m. Herbarum, Artemisia vulgaris — m. Metal-, 
 lorum. Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis, Pia materT- 
 m. Perlarum, see PearJ — m. Pia, Pia mater — 
 m. Secalis, Ergot — m. Teiiuis, Pia mater. 
 
 MATERIA, Matter— m. Fibrofti, Fihrin. 
 
 Mate'ria Med'ioa, Pharmacolog"ia, Phar- 
 macol'agy, Acol'ogy or AkoVogy or Aceolqg^'ia, 
 liyle lairice, Iamatolog"ia,- lainatoVogy, (F.) 
 Matien Medicale. The- division of medical 
 science which treats of the knowledge of medi- 
 cines; their'action on the animal economy, and 
 mode of administration. ^The study of the Ma- 
 teria Medica is one of great importance; — it is 
 a study of the tools with which the practitioner 
 has to work in the cure of.disease. Much la- 
 bour has been spent in contriving classifications 
 of the Materia Medica. Some have arranged the 
 articles according to their naturalresemblances : 
 others, according to their real or presumed 
 virtues: others accordirigto their active con- 
 stituent principles. The Pharmacopteias place 
 them alphabetically. Perhaps the best classic 
 fication would be one founded on the agency 
 exerted by the articles on the different tissues ; 
 but this arrangement, in the present state of 
 science, is by no means easy : and moreover. 
 
MATERIA 
 
 539 
 
 MATRICARIA 
 
 Ideas in regard to the action of medicines are 
 so associated with certain terms, — as narcotics, 
 tonics, sedatives, &c., employed to denote cer- 
 tain operations, which they are esteemed capa- 
 ble of producing, that, to abandon them, would 
 be to throw obstacles in the way of the student, 
 without the ultimate advantage accruing to 
 him of possessing a better knowledge of the 
 modus operandi of medicines than when a clas- 
 sification, somewhat resembling those usually 
 embraced, is adopted. 
 
 The following is the classification given hy 
 the Author, in his " General Therapeutics," 
 (Philadelphia, 1836.) 
 
 Classificatioji of Tberapehtical Agents. 
 Excit^nte proper, 
 ■ Tonics, 
 Anthelmintics, 
 Astringents, 
 Emetics, 
 ine ac Cathartics, 
 tion ee- I Emmenagogues, 
 
 iP J Abortives, 
 ""'«"^- ^ Diaphoretics, 
 Errhines, 
 Sialogogues, 
 Diuretics, 
 Expectorants^ 
 Sorbefacients, 
 Revellents, 
 
 lies. 
 Dimin- 
 ishing 
 Seda- I action 
 
 I. VlTAl 
 
 Agents. 
 
 Exci- 
 tants. 
 
 tives. 
 
 
 Inci^as- 
 
 neraliy, 
 or local 
 ly, or 
 bo&. 
 
 directly " 
 or indi 
 rectly. 
 
 11. Chemical 
 Agents. 
 
 Sedatives 
 proper, 
 Narcotics, 
 
 Refrigerants. 
 
 _ Nauseants. 
 Antacids, 
 Antallcalies, 
 Antilithics, 
 Disinfectants.' 
 
 C Demulcents, 
 
 \ Diluentsj 
 
 ni. Mechanicai, 
 
 .Agents. 
 
 In his " General Therapeutics and Materia 
 Medica," however, he has, adopted the follow- 
 ing classification, to harmonize more with the 
 arrangement in his Practice of Medicine. 
 
 1. Agents that affect pro- f Emetics, 
 minently the" alimentary ca- < Cathartics, 
 nal or its contents, ( Anthelmintics. 
 
 2. Agents tliat aflect pro- C. , ^ 
 niineiitly the respiratory or- < Expectorants, 
 gans, ( - 
 
 fErrhines, 
 
 3. Agents that af^ct pro- I Sialogogues,, 
 minently the^oUicular or glan--j Diuretics, 
 dular organs, .1 Antilithics, 
 
 l^ Diaphoretics. 
 
 4. Agents that affect pro- C Narcotics, 
 minently the nervous sys- 2 Tetanies, 
 
 tem, ( Antispasmodics. 
 
 5. Agents that affect promi- C p 
 
 nently the organs of reprcduc- ) f ^SS"' 
 
 f Excitants, 
 
 6. Agents that affect va- ^ 
 rious organs. 
 
 7. Agents whose action is 
 prominently chemical. 
 
 Tonics, 
 
 Astringents, 
 
 Sedatives, 
 
 Refirigerants, 
 
 Revellents, 
 
 Eutrophics. 
 
 Antacids, 
 
 Antalkalies, 
 
 Disinfectants. 
 
 8. Agents whose action is f Demulcents, 
 prominently mechanical, ( Diluents. 
 
 Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more 
 articles than at present. The tendency, indeed, 
 is, and must be, to diminish it still farther; tp 
 get rid of •'those articles which possess no ad- 
 vantages over others equally common, or whose 
 properties are doubtful. In a diftibnary, it 
 becomes necessary to insert all that have been 
 reputed to possess virtues ; but the majority are- 
 unnecessary. The catalogue might be largely 
 reduced, with impunity'; 
 
 Matekia Mokbo*sa, M. Peocans, Mate'ries 
 Morbi. Morbid matter. The matter or mate- 
 rial which is the cause of disease. 
 
 Materia Ossea, Terra Ossea— m. PecQans, 
 M. Morbo^ai— m. Salina, see Saliva — m. Testa- 
 cea dentium, see Tooth— m. Urinosa, Urea. 
 
 MATERIAtlSTA, Druggist. 
 
 MAT£EIAUX IMM&BIATS, Principles, 
 immediate. 
 
 MATERIES, Matter— m. Morbi, Materia 
 jmorbosa. 
 
 MATHEWS PILLS, Pitulae ex helleboro et 
 myrrha. 
 
 MA'TIAS. The bark of a South American 
 tree, not yet determined. It is used in its na- 
 tive country in intermittents, and as a tonic 
 generally. Its principal characteristic consti- 
 tuent is a bitter resinous matter. It is probably 
 the same as the Malambo Iwrh. 
 
 MATI'CO, 'Yerha del Sdldada or Soldier's 
 weefl. A South American herb — Fi-per angus- 
 tifolium. or Artan'thi elonga'ta — which is pos- 
 sessed of astritigent virtues, and is used both 
 internally and externally. It is given in infu- 
 sion inade of one ounce of the leaves to a pint 
 of boiling water, of which the dose is f. §iss, 
 or in tincture, made of giiss of the leaves to a 
 pint of dilute alcohol. 
 
 MATI£RE, Matter — m. Cerebriforme, En- 
 cephaloid — 7n. Extractive du Bouillon, Osma- 
 zome-^m. Medicate, Materia Medica^-^ws. Per- 
 lie de Kerkring, Antimonium diaphoreticnm — 
 m. Pulmonaire ntnre, see Pulmo. 
 
 MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Matlock is a village in Derbyshire, England, 
 to which there is a mineral spring of the acidu- 
 lous class. Temperature 66°. It differs but 
 little, except in temperature, from good spring 
 water. It is generally used as a tepid bath. 
 
 MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum 
 cardamomum. 
 
 MATORI0M. Ammoniac, gum. 
 
 MATRACIUM, Matrass, Uririal., 
 
 MATRASS, Mntra'cium. A glass vessel 
 with a Ipng neck ;' and a round, aiid sometimes 
 oval, body. It may be furnished with tubu- 
 lures or not. I| is used in Pharmacy for dis- 
 tillation, digestion, &c. 
 
 MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges. 
 
 MATRICAIRE, Matricaria. 
 
 MATRICA'LIS, Matrica'rius, from matrix, 
 'the uterus.' Relating to the uterus. 
 
 Matrica'lia are remedies for diseases of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, 'the womb;' 
 so called from its reputed virtues in affections 
 of that organ; Matrica'ria Parthe'nium, Par- 
 the'nium febnfu^um, Py'rethrum parthe'niiimi 
 — Chrysanth'emum parthe'nium, Argyrocha'ta, 
 Chrysoc'alis, Fever-few, Feather-few, Mother- 
 wort, (F.) Matricaire. It resembles, in its 
 
MAXRICE 
 
 530 
 
 MAXILLARY 
 
 properties,, chamomrle and tansy; and, like 
 them, has, been esteemed tonic, stomachic, re- 
 solvent, emmenagogue, vermifuge, &c. It is' 
 not much used. , 
 
 Matrica'ria -Chamomil'la, Ckamame'lum 
 Vulga'H, Chamomilia nostras, Leucan'tkemum 
 of Dioscoridfisj Wild 0'orn,J}og's Chain'omih, 
 German Chamomile^ (F-) CamoTtiille vulgdire. 
 It resembles the Matricaria in properties. 
 
 Matricaria, Anthemis nobilis. 
 
 MATB.IGE, Uterus— OT. Col de la, Collunj 
 uteri. 
 
 MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata. 
 
 MATRIX, Cytoblastema, Uterus— m. Un- 
 guis, see Nail. 
 
 MATRONA, Midjvife. 
 
 MATRONALIS, Viola.. . 
 
 MATTEE, see Ilex Parafeuehsis. 
 
 MATTER, Mate'ria, Hyle, Mate'riei, (F.) 
 Matilre. Any substance whitdi enters into 
 the composition of a body. In Medicine, it is 
 sometimes applied to the substance of evacua- 
 tions; and is also used, synonymously with pus. 
 
 MATTING OF PARTS, Hapantismus. 
 
 MATULA, Urinal. - , , 
 
 MATURA'TION, Mabura'tio, from niatu- 
 rare, ' to ripen •' Bepas'mos, Fepan'sis, Pro- 
 gression of an abscess towards maturity. The 
 state of maturity. Cootion. 
 
 JK^rt/K^rrF, Matiirative. 
 
 MAT'URATIVE, Matu'rans, Pepantieos, 
 fF.) Maturatif. A medicine^ which favoClfs 
 the maturation of an inflammatory tuniour. 
 
 MATURATUS, Concocted. 
 
 MATU'RITY,,mi!KV!te«, Hora'otes. The, 
 state of fruits and seeds, when comparatively 
 developed. State of an abscess, in which the 
 pus is completely formed. 
 
 Maturity, Precocious, Prffiotia. 
 
 MAUDLIN, Achillea ageratum — m.Tainsey, 
 Achillea ageratum. — m. Wort, Chrysanthemum 
 leucanthenjum. 
 
 MAWE SAUVAG^, Malva. 
 
 MAITX pE NERFS, Hysteria. 
 
 MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone. 
 
 MAX'ILLARY, Maidlla'ris, {F.)Mas:iUairP., 
 from maxilla, 'a jaw.'. Relating or belonging 
 to the jaws ; from ftariraa, ""I chew.' 
 
 Maxillary Arteries are three in, number, 
 1. External maxillary. See Facial. 2. Infer- 
 nal rnaxillary-^—A. Gutturo-maxillaire, (Ch..) 
 This arises fjom the external carotid with the 
 temporal. It is remarkable for its complex 
 course, and for the number of bj-anches which 
 it transmits to the deep-seated parts of the face. 
 Immediately after its origin, it buries itself 
 under the neck of the lower jaw, curving in- 
 wards and downwards.. It then advances di- 
 rectly inwards ; proceedingin the space between 
 the two pterygoid muscles towards the maxil- 
 lary tuberosity. It turns again, becomes ver- 
 tical, and ascends into the bottom of the zygo- 
 matic fo?sa, until, having arrived at the floor of 
 the, orbit, it takes a horizontal and transverse 
 direction; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, 
 and divides into several branches. See Artery. 
 (Table.) 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Maxil'la, Mandib'ula, 
 Gam'phele,Gnathus,Mola,Siagon, 'jaw.' (F.) 
 Machoire. A name given to two bones, which 
 support the teeth, and, by means of tliem, are 
 inservient to the cutting, bruising, and tearing 
 of alimentary substances. 
 
 1 The maxillary bones are two in number. 
 
 Maxillary BoNEfltfFERioR, Lower javi-iont, 
 Os Ma:^''lla're inferiAcs, Machoire diacranienne, 
 Maxilia inferior,{'F.) Osmaxillaire, (^Ch.,) is a 
 : synjmetrical, nearly paiabolio bone, the-m.iddlB 
 portion, of which is horizontal, and called the 
 body; and thte posterior is vertical, the angular 
 portions being termed Rami or branches . These 
 ha vfe behind a parotidean, edge, which forma — • 
 by uniting with the haser-the angle of the j'atp. 
 The branches terminate above by two processes, 
 separated by the sigmoid notch or fossa; the 
 anterior of which is called, the eoronoid; the 
 posterior, the condyloid process or maxillary 
 condyU,sappoiteiiy& Cervix, Collum OT Ned. 
 The chief parts observed on the lower jaw are 
 -.-I. Externally, — ^the Sym'pkysis menti,Apoph'- 
 yiis menti, Mental foramen, and the external 
 oblique line, — ^2. Internally, — the Geniapoph'^ 
 ysis, the internal or Myloid ^ohlique liries, and 
 the entrance of the dental canal. . The lower 
 jaw has-, also, an alveolar edge, which contains 
 alveoli for the reception of the teeth. The 
 lower jaw-.bone is develpped by two points of 
 ossification, which unite at the symphysis of 
 the chin. It is articulated with the temporal 
 bone and with the teeth. 
 
 Maxillary Bone, Superior, Upper jaw-bone^ 
 Maxilla superior, Os maxilla'rS supe'rvus,.Max» 
 il'Ja syncra'^nia, (F.) O^ sus-maxillai^e, (Ch.,) 
 'Machoire syncranienne. The upper jaw-bones 
 are to the face what the sphenoid bone is to the 
 cranium. They' are articulated with all the 
 portions coiAposing it. They determine, almost 
 alone, the shape of the face, and give it solidity. 
 Their size is considerable; form unequal. They 
 occupy the middle and anterior part of the face^ 
 and enter into the composition of the nasal fossae, 
 orbit, and mouth. The chief parts observable 
 in the upper jaw, are, 1 . Externally — The Nasal 
 process,' ( F.) Apophyse Ttiontante, the Ford men 
 infra-orbita'rium^, Zygomat'ic process. Canine 
 fossa, Myr'tiform fossa. 2. Internally — The 
 Pal'atine process, Ante'rior paV atine canal, ^Xi^ 
 t\i^- Antrum of Highmore. Its' circumference ii 
 vei:y unequal, and it has behind a rpiihd, unequal 
 prominence called the Maxillary tuberosity, 
 which is pierced by the posterior dental eanal. 
 Anteriorly, there is a notch, which forms part of 
 the anterior aperture of the nasal foss»e, and be- 
 neath, an eminence called the anterior nmalspvne. 
 The lower part of this circumference forms the 
 alveolar margin. Each superior maxillary 
 bone is articula.ted with the ethmoid, frontal, 
 nasal, lachrymal, palatine, inferior, spongy, 
 vomer,iits fellow, the teeth of the upper javi^, 
 and sometimes the sphenoid bone. It is deve>-' 
 loped by four br five points of ossification. 
 
 Maxillary Nerves are two in number, and 
 formed of the second and third branches of the 
 fifth pair. The Superior Maxillary Nerve,. 
 Nerf sus-maxillaire,(Cla..,) arises from the mid"- 
 die o£ the gangliform enlargement of the fifth 
 pair ; passes forwards and issues from the cra- 
 nium through' the foramen rotundum of the 
 sphenoid bone; enters the spheno-maxillary 
 fossa, which it crosses horizontally; passes into 
 the infra-orbitar canal, which it traverses ; and 
 makes its exit to vanislj on the cheek. It gives 
 off the folio wing branches, — the oriitar , a branch 
 which goes to the spkeno-palatine ganglion; 
 posterior dental branches ; the anterior dental,-^ 
 and terminates in the infra-orbitar nerves, which 
 
MAXILhO-ALV&OLl-NASAL 
 
 531 
 
 MEDIAN 
 
 are divided into superior, infrrior, and inter- 
 nal. The inferiot-imnxillary nerve, Nerf max- 
 illairt, (Ch.,) is the largest of the three branches 
 fortaished by the fifth pair. It issues from the 
 cranium by the foramen ovale of the sphenoid. 
 Having reached the zygomatic fossa, it divides 
 into two trunks; the one superior and external, 
 which gives o£F the temporales profundi; masse- 
 terine, buccal and pterygoids ; — the other — infe- 
 rior and internal — the larger of the two, whicli 
 furnishes the inferior dental, lingual, and auri- 
 cular, ' 
 
 Maxillary Veins present the same arrange- 
 ment as the arteries thiey accompany. 
 . MAXILLO^ALVAOLl-NASAL, Depressor 
 ailse nasi — m. iaJtW, Depressor, angiili oris — m. 
 Narinal, Compressor naris— ot. Palpebrtil, Or- 
 bieularis palpebrarum — m. Seleroticien, Obli- 
 quus inferior oculi. 
 
 MAVAPPLE, Podophyllum peltatum — m.a. 
 Moimtain, Podophyllum montanum — m. Weed, 
 Anthemis cotula. 
 
 MAYELLA, Ciircuma longa. 
 
 MAYFLOWER, Anthemis" cotula. 
 
 MAZA, Mass, Placenta. 
 
 MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.' Ee- 
 lating to the placenta. 
 
 MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza,' the placenta,' 
 and ir;f«crir, 'holding,' 'retention.' Retention 
 of the placenta. 
 
 MAZOL'YSIS, from maza, ' placenta,' and 
 xuiris, ' solution.' Separation of the placenta. 
 
 MAZOP ATHl'A, from maza, ' placenta,' and 
 na6ot, "^disease.' A disease of the placenta. 
 One originating from the placenta. 
 
 MAZOS, Mamma. ' 
 
 MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum. 
 
 MEADOW BLOOM, Ranunculus, acris-^m. 
 Fern, Comptonia as.plenifolia — m. Pride, see 
 Calumba — m. Rue, Thalictron — m. Sa,ffron, 
 Vinegar of, Acetum colohiei — m. Sweet, Gille- 
 nia trifoliata, Spirasa ulmania — ^m. Sweet, red, 
 Spiraea tomentosa. 
 
 MEASLES, Rubeola— m. Black, see Rubeola 
 .— m. False, Roseolse — m. French, Rosedlae. 
 
 MEASLY, Morbillous. 
 
 MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome. 
 
 Jf^42',,Meatus. 
 
 MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cana'lis, Porus, (F.) 
 Meat. A passage or canal. 
 
 Meatus Auditoeius Externhs,' Auditory 
 canal, external — m.:Auditorius internus. Audi- 
 tory canal, ■ internal — m. Caecus, Eustachian 
 tube— i^m. Narium, see Nasal fossae — m. Semi- 
 nales uteri, Tubae F«iUopiai«B-T-tti. Seminarius, 
 Corpus Highmori-i-m. Urinarius, Urethra. 
 
 MECHAMECK, Convolvulus pandnratus— 
 m. "Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus. 
 
 MECHANE, Machine. 
 
 MECHANEIK^A,' Machine. 
 
 MECilA'N'ICAL,Mechan'icus,irom(tnxavti. 
 ' a machine.' An epithet given to irritating 
 bodies, which do not act chymically — as a me- 
 chanical irritant. 
 
 Mechanical or Iatro-mathematical Phy- 
 sicians, latro-meehan'iei seu latromathemafid, 
 we such as refer every function, healthy or 
 morbid, to mechanical or mathematical princi- 
 ples ; — Medici'na rtiechan'ioa. , 
 
 MECHANICS, AN'IMAL. That part of 
 physiology whose objects are to investigate the 
 laws of equilibrium and motion of the animal 
 body. 
 
 MECHANISM. The structure ■ of a tody? 
 the collection or aggregate of the parts of a ma» 
 chine ; the, mode in which forces produce any 
 effect, &c. 
 
 . MkCHE, Tent, "fhis term is usually em- 
 ployed in French surgery to a collection of 
 threads of charpie, cotton or raw silk united 
 together, which are used for deterging sinuous 
 or fistulous ulcers ; or to Jceep open or enlarge 
 natural or artificial apertures. They are gene- 
 rally a'pplied by means of ah instrument called 
 Porte-miche. 
 
 MECHOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus ja- 
 lapa. 
 
 MECHOACAN.*: RADIX,Convolvulus me- 
 choacan. 
 
 MECEOACHAN DU CANA'DAi.Vh.ytiy 
 lacca depandra. 
 
 MECOM'ETER, (F.) Meoomitre; iwm/ifiitsg, 
 'length,' and ftix^ov, 'measure.' A kind of 
 graduated compass, — cgmpas ide proportion, — 
 used at the Hospice de Maternite £>f Paris, t« 
 rheasure the length of new-born Infants. 
 
 MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papiver. 
 
 MECONIS'MUS, IMoxica'tio opia'ea; from 
 fttixav, ' the ipoppy.' Poisoning by opium. 
 ' MECO'NIDM, from iu.i,u»v, ' a poppy.' Pop- 
 py juice, Papa/ver culum, Purgamien'ta Infant 
 tisf Mecon. The excrement passed by the in» 
 fant a short time after birth, which tod accu- 
 mulated in the intestines during pregnancy. It 
 is of a greenish or deep black colour, and very 
 viscid. It seems formed of the mucous secrei- 
 tions of the intestines mixed with bile. See 
 Opium. 
 
 MECONOLOS"I A, dpiolog"ia; from ^ijxav, 
 ' a poppy,' and ioyos, ' a description.' A trea- 
 tise on opium. 
 
 MEDEA, Genital organs. - , 
 
 MiDECIN, Physician — m. Consultant, 
 Consulting physician. 
 
 MItDECINE, Medicina — m. Expectajfte^ 
 Expectation — m. Legale, Medicine, legal — m. 
 Perturbatrice, Perturbatrix (Medicina.) 
 
 MEDELA, Curation. 
 
 MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA,M.Vir- 
 ginica. - . 
 
 Mede'ola Vihgin'ica, IW. vertidllifo'lia, 
 Gyro'mia Virgin'ica, Indian cu'cii'rA.ber. An in- 
 digenous herb, growing in every part of the 
 United States, the root of which resembles a 
 small cucumber. It has been thought to be 
 diuretic. \ ' ,- 
 
 MEDIAN, Media'vms; from medium, 'the 
 middle.' That which is situate in the middle. - 
 
 Median Line. A vertical line, supposed to 
 divide a body longitudinally into two equal 
 parts; the one right, the other left. Chaussier 
 calls the litiea 'a/Aa- the' ligne mediane of the J^h- 
 domen. 
 
 Median Nerve, Median digital, (Ch.') This 
 nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches 
 of thelast two, cervical nerves and first dorsal. 
 The fifth and sixth cervical pairs also send it a 
 branch, which separates from the musculo-cu- 
 taneous. nerve. The median nerve descends 
 along the inner part of the arm along the biceps 
 muscle. Opposite the elbow joint it buries it- 
 self , behind the aponeurosis of that muscle, and 
 engages itself between the two fasciculi of the 
 pronator teres. Lower down, it is situate be- 
 tween the flexors — sublimis and profundus — 
 and passes, with their tendons, under the ante- 
 
MEDIANUM 
 
 532 
 
 MEDIMNTTS 
 
 rior annular ligament; it then divides into five 
 branches, which are distributed to the muscles 
 Of the thenar eminence, to the lumbricales, the 
 integuments of the thumb, the index, middle 
 finger, and outer part of the ring finger. This 
 nerve gives no branches to the arm. In the 
 forearm, it furnishfes filaments to all the prona- 
 tor and flexor muscles ; and one pt them accom- 
 panies the anterior interosseous artery. It also 
 gives off, a filament to the integuments of the 
 palm of the hand. 
 
 Median Veins. Three of the superficial 
 veins of the forearm are so called. The median 
 basilic — ^the tnedian cephalic and covimon me- 
 dian or funis brachii. See Basilic and Cephalic. 
 MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery. 
 MEDIASTINAL, Mediaitiha'lis. Relating 
 to the mediastinum. 
 
 Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate ar- 
 terial branches, distributed in the cellular tex- 
 ture of the mediastinum. They are distinguish- 
 ed, according to their situation, into anterior 
 and posterior. 
 MEDIASTINITIS; Mesodmitis, i' 
 MEDIASTI'NUM, MediasiVnus, -quasi, in 
 me'dio stans,?Li being in the middle £ Mesod'me, 
 HVLedia'mim, Mesotce'chium., Mesotap' chv/m^'Sep- 
 twnl thora'cisy Hymen Diaphrat'ton, McTnbra'na 
 J}iapkratton, McTnbra'iia thofa^cem-iiitersepiens^ 
 Intersepimen'tum ikora'cis, Diribito'riwm, Dis- 
 sipimeh'ium thora'cis, A membranous septum 
 foi'med by the approximation of the pleurae, di- 
 viding the chest into tvpo parts, the one right, 
 the other left. The niediastinura, formed by a 
 double reflection of the pleura, extends from the 
 spine to the posterior surface of the sternum. 
 Its anterior part, called Anterior -mediasti' 
 num, Mediastiiitttri pectora'le, lodges, at its up- 
 per part, the thymus gland in the foetus, and is 
 filled below with fetty, cellular tissue. Its pos- 
 terior part, parallel to the spine, is occupied by 
 the cesophagus, vena azygos, thoracic duct, the 
 lower part of the windpipe, the origin of the 
 bronchia and a number of lymphatic glands. 
 This part is called the posterior mediastinum — 
 Mediastimim. dorsa'le. 
 
 Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum — m. 
 Cerebri, Falx cerebri, ^ept-um lucidum. 
 MEDIASTINUS,Mediastinum. _ 
 MED'ICAL, J\Tedica'lis, tdt'ricuSj'Paan'ius, 
 Paon'irus, Phys'ical, (F.) Medical. Relating 
 to medicine. 
 
 Medical Jurisprudence, Medicine, legal. 
 MEDICALIS, Medical. 
 MED'IOAMENT, Medicamen'tum, Rem^'- 
 dittm., Ace'sis, Aces'md,. Aces'tium, Aces'tys, 
 AltkdSf Hygias'Tna^ la'ma, Acos^ Medica'men^ 
 Phar'vtacuniiFharmaceu''maiMed'ici7ie,P]tysiCy 
 Rem'edy-, Alkar, Auifil'ium, Boethe'ma, (F.) 
 Remede; from medicare, * to cure or heal.' A 
 medicine. Any substance exhibited with the 
 view of curing or allaying morbid action. Me- 
 dicines are obtained from the three kingdoms 
 of nature, and are divided into internal and ex- 
 ternal, according as they are administered in- 
 ternally or applied externally. 
 
 MEDICAMENTO'SUS LAPIS, Medic"inal 
 stone, (F.) Pierre Tnedicamenteuse. A name 
 formerly given to a mixture oi peroxyd of iron, 
 litharge, alum, nitre, sal ammoniac, and vine- 
 gar; evaporated and calcined at a red heat for 
 an hour. The product was regarded as emi- 
 nently astringent. 
 
 MEDICAMENTUM, Drug— m. ex Palmu- 
 lis, Diaphoenicon. 
 
 MEDICAS'TER, Medicastra. An ignorant 
 practitioner. A charlatan. 
 
 MEDICA'TION, Medica'tio, from maderi, 
 «to remedy.' Thechange in the animal eco- 
 nomy produced by the operation of remedies. 
 Treatment by medicine. 
 
 MEDIGI'NA, -4?-* med'ica. Res mediea. Aft 
 Machao'nia, A.Machddn'ica, lat'rice, late'ria, 
 latri'a, lairi'nS, Patos'yni, Pxon'ice, latro- 
 tech'nicS, Acesto'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu m^i- 
 dendi, Sote'ria doctri'na, Med'icine, The heal- 
 ing art, Physic, <F,) Medecine. A scienife,the 
 object of which is the cure of disease and the 
 preservation of health. Occasionally, it.is used 
 to comprehend all the branches of the healing 
 art ; at others to comprise one great division, 
 in contradistinction to surgery and obstetrics. 
 Mediciiie, in this sense, includes many branches; 
 — the chief of which are, Anatomy, Physiology, 
 Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, Materia 
 Mediea, and Pharmacy, 
 
 Medioina Oonservativa, Hygiene-^m. Di*- 
 tetica, Dietetics^-m. Eclectica, see Eclectic — 
 m. Efficax, Surgery^ — m. Equaria, Hippiatria 
 — m. Euectica, Gymnastus — m. Forensis, Me- 
 dicine, legal — m. Gymnastica, Gymnastics — m. 
 Hermetica, see Spagyrists — m. Judiciaria, Me- 
 dicine, legal — m. Mechanlca, see Mechanical 
 — m. Methodica, see Methodists — m. Operativa, 
 Surgery^m. Paracelsistica, see S|)agyrists— m. 
 Politica, Police, medical — m. Sinica,' Chinese 
 mediqine — m. Spagyrica, Chymiatria ; see Spa- 
 gyrists — m. State, Police medical — m. Tris- 
 titioB, Crocus — nl. Veterinaria, Yeterinary aft. 
 MEDIC "IN ALi Medicina'tis, Med'ical,- la- 
 ter'ius, Reme'dial, Reme'diaie. Having a re- 
 medial power ; — as medicvnal plants, &c. 
 ' MedicIna'les 'Di'ESfMedic"inal days. Days 
 on which the ancients considered thatreme-, 
 dies might be administered; and especially 
 evacuants. Such days were not esteemed cri- 
 tical. 
 
 MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina. 
 MEDipiNE is, also, u^ed in the same sense as 
 Medicahnent, and fof a purging potion. 
 
 Med'icine, Clinical, see Clinical — m. Ec- 
 lectic, see Eclectic^ — m. Galenic, Galenism. 
 
 Medicine, 'Lsga'l, Medical jm^isprii'dence of 
 some, Law med'icine, Foi-en' sic 'medicine, Medi- ' 
 ci'na foren'sis, M. judicia'Ha, Viciatri'a, (F.) 
 Medecine legale. The application of medical 
 knowledge to the solution of every question 
 connected with the preservation- of the species, 
 and tiie administration of justice. 
 Medicine, Political, Police, medical. . 
 M£DICINIER CATHARTIQUE, Jatro- 
 pha curcas. - ' 
 
 MEDICO ■ CHIRURGICAL ANATOMy", 
 see Anatomy. 
 
 MEDICO-LEGAL, Med'ica Uga'lis. Re- 
 lating to legal medicine ; as " a medico-Ugal in- 
 quiry, Inquisif'io medico-lega'lis-'—" a medico- 
 legal inspection " — Inspec'tio med'ico-lega'lia. 
 MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician— m. Equarius, 
 Hippiater — m. Ocularius, Oculist — m. Unguen- 
 tarius, latraleptes — m. Vulnerarius, seeDeliga- 
 tion — m. Veterinarius, Hippiater — m. Vulne- 
 rum, Surgeon. 
 
 MEDIM'NUS, Medim'nos, /ifiiftvng. An an- 
 cient measure, capable of containing about 4 
 pecks and 6 pints. 
 
MEDITULLIUM 
 
 533 
 
 MEIBOMIUS, GLANDS OF 
 
 MEDITULLIUM, Diploe. 
 MEDIUM MUSCULI, see Muscle. 
 ME'DIUS, Middle, Median. , 
 Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt du milieii, is 
 between the index and ring finger. 
 MEDLAR, Mespilus. 
 MEDO, flydromeli. 
 
 MEDOBLENNORRHCEA, LeiicorrhcEa. 
 MEDORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea— m. Femiria- 
 rum insons, Leucorrhcea — m. Virilis, Gonor- 
 rhcea. 
 
 MEDULLA, Marrow — m. Cerebri, see Ce- 
 rebrum — m. Dorsalis, m. Spinalis— m. Dorsua- 
 lis,M. Spinalis— m. Nervorum, Neurine.- 
 
 MEDiiL'tA Oblong a'ta', Cer'eltal protu'le- 
 ranee. Nervous system, of t]ie senses, (Gall,) 
 Cer'ebfum elongcHtum, (F .) Mesocephale,liioelle 
 allongee, Meseficephale, (Ch.) The medul- 
 lary substance that.Jies within the craniunj 
 upon the basilary process of the occipital bone. 
 The anterior surface which rests in the basi- 
 lary groove, is impressed by the basilary ar- 
 tery. At the upper extremity, and on its pos- 
 terior surface are the Tiiiercula quadngemiha. 
 At the same extremity, the medulla gives rise 
 to two prolongations, the peduncles of the brain, 
 separated ftom each^other by the mammillary 
 eminences, and becoming lost in the optic tha- 
 lami. The lower extremity is called the tail or 
 Rachid'ian bulb, and is continuous with the me- 
 dulla spinalis. It is to this part only that some 
 anatomists apply the name Medulla oblongata. 
 From the' posterior angles two other prolonga- 
 tions arise, called Peduncles of the cerebellum. 
 The medulla oblongata has Several eminences 
 — the Pons varolii. Corpora .pyrtiTnidalia^ G. 
 olivaria, &c. — and it has a longitudinal fissure 
 before, and another behind, called the anterior 
 aad posterior tneditLji fissures. 
 M^iiuLLA SpiNiE, M. spinalis. 
 Medul'la SpiNA'LisseuSpiraffi seu (forsaa'Ks 
 seu dorsa'lis, Corda spina'lis , Funis argenteus, 
 Sihach6'trum,My^elus, M" rhachi'tes seu notic^us 
 i&xdiattxhe'nius seu pso'iies, Motortiy'eltis, Rha- 
 chi^tes, ^on, Medul'la vertebrd'lis, Proces'sus 
 rackidia'nus, Saera fis'tula. Spinal prelonga'- 
 tion, Ver'tebral 'marrowy Spinal cord, Nervous 
 system of voluntary motion aihd tactile impres- 
 tion (^\\},Spinalmarrow,{V.)Moelle epinilre, 
 Mo'elle vertebrale, called by Ch., Prolongement 
 rachidien of the eneephalon, is the continuation 
 of the medulla oblongata. It commences at the 
 foramen magnum of the occipital bone, and de- 
 scends in the. vertebral canal as low as the 9d 
 lumbar vertebra, wittout filling it; presenting, 
 in its course, several evident enlargements. It 
 is grooved on both its anterior and posterior 
 • surfaces by a furrow, which divides . it, in its 
 whole length, into two great nervous cords, in- 
 timately united with each other. It terminates 
 by, an oval tubercle, -(vhence a number of nerves 
 set out, called Cai/^a equi'na, (F.) Queue de 
 cheval, from its resemblance to a horse's tail. 
 The spinal marrow has no analogy, as regards 
 its structure, with the marrow of long bones. 
 It is formed of two substances ; one white, the 
 other gray, presenting an inverse arrangement 
 to that which they have in the brain, the white 
 being external, the cineritious at the centre. It 
 is enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous membrane, 
 very resisting, which seems to be continued in- 
 sensibly from the pia mater, and by two other 
 
 membranes, which are merely prolongations of 
 the arachnoid and dura mater. See Nerve. 
 Medulla Vertebbalis, M. spiniilis. 
 MEDULLA, Sperm. 
 
 MEDULLARY, Medulla'ns, from medulla, 
 ■'marrow.' Relating to the marrow or analo- 
 gous to marrow. 
 
 Medullary Ar'teries. The arteries, which 
 enter bones and pass to the marrow. 
 
 MeDullart Canal, see Canal, medullary — 
 m. Cells, siie Medullary Membrane — m. Juice, 
 Marrow-^m. Matter of the brain, see Cere- 
 brum. 
 
 , Medullary Membrane, Perios'teum Inter'- 
 num, Endos'teum. A vascular, areolar web 
 of extreme tenuity, which envelops the marrow 
 and lines the inner surface bf the medullary 
 canal of ti\e long bones. This membrane has 
 been considered as a species of internal perios- 
 ^teum of those bones. It has numerous vessels, 
 whic)i bury themselves in the thickness of the 
 marrow ; and others which nourish the inner- 
 most plates of the bone; The cells formed by 
 it are teixaeiCel'lula seu Sac'culi medulla'res. 
 ■ Medullary SaiScoma, Encephaloid, Haema- 
 todes fungus. 
 
 Medullary System. Bichat gives this n^me 
 to the' marrow and its membranes. He distin- 
 guishes 1 wo species of medullary -systems j the 
 one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremir 
 ties of the long bones and that of the. flat and 
 short bone^ ; the other is found merely in the 
 central canal of long bones. 
 
 , Medullary Tumour of the Lung^, Phthisis, 
 cancerous. 
 MEDULLITIS, Myelitis. 
 MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS, from ,«- 
 5<*c, 'great,' av9qmiro(, 'man,' .and j/eko-ic, 
 'birth.' A term used by a French physician, 
 named Robert, \o designate the art of procreat- 
 ing great men; men of mind; men of genius. 
 He congidere'd that they may be perpetuated by 
 always taking care to have talented men united 
 to clever women ! 
 
 MEGALOCAR'DIA, from ^Ey«?, 'great,' 
 and Kufdta, ' heart.' The state of having a very 
 large heart. ' ^ 
 
 MEGALOCCELIA, Intestine, great, Mega- 
 losplanohnia. 
 
 MEGALOPHO'NIA, from f^iyts, ^iy-^Xri, 
 ' great,' andi tfrnij, '- voice.' The condition of 
 having a full, strong voice. 
 
 MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS; from fiByat, fic- 
 ■yxxij, .' great,' and ixpfcx^o;,- ' eye.' A con- 
 genital deformity, in which the eye is inordi- 
 nately large. 
 
 MEGALOSPLANCH'NUS, Megalosplanck- 
 nuSfiiom //.lyctXos, 'great,' and (rn>\ay^vov, 'a 
 viscus.' Megaloca'lia. Hippocrates applies the 
 epithet to 'those in whom a visci-us, or the vis- 
 cera, are tumid. Some have used the substan- 
 tive Megolosplanch'nia fd,r the tumour itself. . 
 MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus. - 
 MEGETHOS, Stature. 
 MEGRIM, Hemicrania. 
 MEIBOMIUS, GLANDS OF, Fol'Hcles of 
 M., PaV'pebral Fol'Hcles, Cil'iary F., Glan' - 
 dul<B skba'cece cilia'res seu Meibomict'nw, Jntes- 
 tin'ula Meibo'mii, Lacu'nce palpebra'ru/m, (F.) 
 Follicules palpibraux ou ciliaires, Glandes de 
 Meibomius. Small, sebaceous follicles, called 
 after Henry Meibomius, although known long 
 before his description of them. They are si- 
 
MEIOSIS 
 
 534 
 
 tuate in special grooves in the tarsal cartilages; 
 and are ranged by the side of each other, in the 
 form of yellowish, parallel, aiid vertical lines ; 
 .spmetimes straight, at others, tortuous. They 
 may -be seen, at tEe. inner surface of the eye- 
 lidsj thtougt the conjunctiva, and secrete a 
 sebaceotis humour,' called LippitVf'dof Gum, 
 (^F.) Chdssie. 
 
 MEIO'SIS, Meo'sis, Mio'sis, Immintt'tio, 
 Minuthi' si's ^Minitho' sis f fromjUEtow, 'I lessen^' 
 The period of a disease, in which the symptoms 
 begin to diminish ;-^thedeolifle. Remission. 
 
 MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Myurus. 
 
 MEL, Meli,lfili' acvm. Honey, (F.) Miel. A 
 substance of a muco-saccharine nature,, pre- 
 pared by the Apis mellifi'ca, or common beej 
 which collects it from the nectaries- of flowers. 
 Honey is employed, as aliment, condiment, and 
 medicine.. It is demulcent and aperient; and 
 is prescribed as an adjunct to gargles in fy- 
 nanche tonsillaris, &c. It is„at times, used as 
 a detergent to foul ulcers^ Virgin M.on*y ^Md 
 vir'ginuTrt seu virgin'eum, (F.) Miet vierge, is 
 that which flows froip the wax spontaneously. 
 
 HiLji's Balsam of' Honey is formed of 4a/- 
 sam. tBlii;T6i,Aoney,^j, rectified spirit, one gallon. 
 It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral. 
 
 Mel .AcET ATUM,' Oxymel — m. jEgyptiacum, 
 ^gyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — 
 m. Arundinaceum, Sbccharum. 
 
 Mel Bora'cis, Mel subbora'eis, Collitto'riuTfi 
 adstrin'gens, ^ hiniTnen't-Wm de Bora'tS, h, ad 
 aphthas, Mel Boraxa'Utm, TJnctus de Bora'cl, 
 L. ad aphthas. Honey of Borax. {Boracis 
 eontrit. jj, mellis ^espwMati §j, Ph. L.) De- 
 tergent. Applied to the mouth in aphthous 
 affections. 
 
 Mel Cannje, Saccharum (non purificatum) 
 — m. Co^tum, Pelicide. j 
 
 Mel DESPUMA'TtTM, Clar'ified Honey, 'Ana- 
 phrom'eli, (F.) Jl/ie/ Clarice. Melt the honey 
 in a water bath, and remove the scum. Uses 
 the same as honey. 
 
 Mel PaiEPARA'TUM, Prepared Honey, {Mel. 
 despumat. Oss. Alcohol, dilut. 0\: Creta jirce- 
 parat. §ss. To the honey and diluted alcohol, 
 mixed, add the prepared chalk, and let the mix- 
 ture stand for two hours, occasionally stirring. 
 Then heat to ebullition, filter, and by means of 
 a water-bath, evaporate th^ clear liquor to the 
 specific gravity 1.32. Ph. U. S.) 
 
 M^l Ros;e, Melrosa'twa^, MelH'tum de Rosis, 
 Ekodom'eli, Rhodostac'ton, Honey .of Roses, 
 (F.) Miel rosat, Mellite de Roses. {Rosa gal- 
 lic. '^\\, aqus ferv. Oiss, mellis despv-m. Oij. 
 Infuse the roses for two hours ; add the strained 
 liquor to the honey, and boil to a proper con- 
 sistence in a waterrbath..) Ast-ringent^and de- 
 tergent, Used chiefly in gargles and washes 
 for aphthse, &c. 
 
 Mel SciLLiE, 0xymel scillEe— -m. Scillae com- 
 positum, Syrupus scilbe compositus. 
 
 Honey 'Water is a mixture of essences co- 
 loured with saff'rori. A little honey is added to 
 communicate a clamminess ; the effect of which 
 is to make it retain th? scent the longer. It is 
 used as a. scent. 
 
 Mel 'ViHosuM, CEnomel— m. Virginum, see 
 Mel. 
 
 MEIj^'NA, Melanmrhag"ia, Melmnor- 
 tkag"ia. Icterus niger, Melanch'o'rus, J\£ela- 
 mc'teriis, Melas Ic'terus, Morbus niger Hippoc'- 
 ratia, Enterorrha' a, ftota fichnc , ' black.;' Blacli 
 
 MELANCHRUS 
 
 J^orbus niger, (F.) Maladie noire, 
 Meline, Ictlre noire. A name given to vojniting 
 of black matter, ordinarily succeeded by evacu- 
 ations of the same character. It seems to be 
 often a variety of haematemesis. The Black 
 Vomit in yellow fever is owing to a morbid 
 secretion frxjm the lining, membrane of the sto- 
 mach and small intestine. Melsena also signi- 
 fies hemorrhage from thfe intestines; Fluxua 
 spte'nicus, Dysenter'id sple'nica, Dej.ectio'^nes 
 nigra:, Seeessiis niger, Hem'orrhage from tht 
 Intes'tines. 
 
 MEL,snA FcNGOSA CARci^oDES, Haematodes 
 fungus. 
 
 MEL^NORRHAGIA, Melsna. 
 
 MELALEU'CA CAJAPUTI, M. Minor, 
 M. Leucoden'drtin. This plant affords the Ca- 
 jeput Oil, (see Cajeput.) The leaves are es- 
 teemed diuretic, stomachic, and enimenagogne. 
 
 Mela-letjga Leuoodendron, M.Cajaputi — m. 
 Minor; M. Cajaputi. 
 
 MELAMPM'O'NUS ; from fdac, ' obscure,' 
 and 9«v», ' voice.' Having" a iioarse or indis- 
 tinct voice. ' 
 
 MELAMPHYLLUM,. Acanthus mollis. 
 
 MELAMPODIUM, Helleborus niger. 
 
 MELANOMA, Suffocation. 
 , MELANiEMIA, Venosity. 
 
 MEL'ANAGOGtlE, Melanago'gus, from 
 ^8\of, 'black,' and =15,10, ' I expel.' A medicine 
 which the ancients believed adapted for expel-; 
 ling black bile or melancholy. 
 
 ME]LANCHLO'RUS, from ,«x«s,' black,' 
 and ;tMiigoc, ' green.' The ancients gave this 
 name to certain dark-coloured topical Remedies. 
 See Melffina. - 
 
 MELANCHQLE, Atrabjlis, 
 
 MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy— m.-Aut«- 
 chirica. Suicide — m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth— 
 m. FJatuosa,! Hypochondriasis — m. Hypochon- 
 driaca. Hypochondriasis — m. Nervea, Hypo- 
 chondriasis — m. Pleonectica, see Pleonectica — - 
 m. Saltans, Chorea — m. Suicidium, Suicide — 
 m. Uterina, Nymphomania — m-. Zoanthropia, 
 Melancholy. 
 
 MEL'ANCHOLIC, Melanckol'icus, Melanf^ 
 aholus, Melancholo'dei, from fitXn!, 'black,' 
 a.ad /oKt), 'bile.' One labouring under melan- 
 choly. That which belongs of relates to me- 
 lancholy. In popular language, one of a gloomy 
 disposition. 
 
 MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic. 
 
 MELANCHOLUS, Melancholy. 
 
 MEL'ANCHOLY, Mdanchu'lia, same ety- 
 mon. ' Lypema'nia, Monomii'nia, Ecphro'nia 
 Melancho'lia, Mania MelanchotHca,Milnia Mt- 
 lanchoHia, Tiistema'nia, Baryikfrnia, Hi/poiep^ 
 sioma'nia ; ^F.) Melancjiolie, Lyp^rophrenie. 
 A disease supposed, by the ancients,' to be 
 caused by black bile. A variety of mental 
 alienation, characterized 1)y ejccessive glooin, 
 mistrust, and depression^ with insanity on one 
 particular subject or train of ideas. Panbpho- 
 bia, Demanomatiia, Erotomania, Nostalgia, Sec., 
 niay be referred to this head. 
 
 Melancholy is also used for unusual gloomi- 
 ness of disposition. 
 
 MelanoholYjEeotig, Erotomania — ni.Love, 
 Erotomania. 
 
 MEL AN'CHRUS, Metem'aohrus, from ^irJac, 
 ' black,' and xQ"?} 'a colour.' One attacked 
 with black jaundice. It is probably an abbre- 
 viation of Melantihlonis. 
 
M&LANCOLIE 
 
 535 
 
 MELISSA 
 
 MELANCOLIE, Melancholy. 
 MELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura acidi 
 hydrocyanic!. 
 
 -MELAN'IC, Melan'icus, Melanofic, Mtla- 
 mt'icus ; from jnelos, ' black.' Of or belonging 
 to Melanosis. 
 MELANICTERtrs, Melaena. 
 MELANOCHRUS, Melan'chrus. 
 MELANOMA PULMONUM, see Melano- 
 sis. 
 MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus. 
 MELANOPATHI'A, from j<<.«x«, 'black,' 
 and iT-ttSot, ' affection.' Ni'gritism, Mgrifies. 
 A disease Of the sldn, which consists in aug- 
 mentation of blackpigjnen.t;generallyin patches. 
 
 MELANOPHYMA, Ergot. 
 
 MELANOPIPERv Piper nigrum. 
 
 MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis. 
 
 MELANORRHAGIA, Melaena. 
 
 MELANORRHIZUM, Helleborus iiiger. 
 
 M£LAN0SE. Melanosis. 
 
 MELANO'SIS, Melan'sis, Nigritu'do, Oar- 
 emo^mfi •mela-nofiewm, Ccmcer mele^'neus, Fzm- 
 gns melnno'deS) (F.) Degmeresceuce noin, Me- 
 lanose. Cancer melane, Blac^ cancer, Black tu- 
 bercle, from fnXitf, 'black.'- An orga,nic atfec- 
 tion, in which the tissue of the parts is convert- 
 ed into black, hard, homogeneous substance, near 
 which ulcers ox cavities form ; — owing to the 
 aoiftening, either of this substance; itself, or of 
 some other morbid tissue, — of tubercles espe- 
 cially. This morbific change affects the lungs 
 partioularlyj when it is called Melano'sis seu 
 Jffelano'm/i seu Anthtaco'sis Pulnw'rium, Me- 
 lOfnopneu'mon, Nigritu'do seu Coircino'maTnela- 
 not'icum seu Melnn'sis Fulmomim, Pneumo- 
 nomelano'sif, (F.) Melifnose Pulmonaire. It 
 is, also, met with in the liver and cellular tex- 
 ture. Its causes are very obscure. Melano- 
 sis of the lungs constitutes one of the species 
 of phthisis of Bayle ; but it is impossible to dis- 
 tinguish it from the other species during life. 
 
 , In the classificatibn of Fuchs, Melanosen (G.) 
 forms a family of diseases. 
 
 Melanosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis^ — m. 
 Universalis, Venosity. " 
 
 MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo. 
 
 MELANOSPON'GUS, Melamomyces ; from 
 jiAat, 'black,' and Bnt.yyr,i;, 'sponge.' The 
 tuberiform variety of-melanosis of the lungs. 
 
 MELANOTIC, Melanic— m. Cancer, Can- 
 cel;, melanotic. 
 
 MEL ANOTHRIX, Atricapill'm,fTomp. rx« t, 
 ' black,' and »pii, ' hair.' Having black hair. 
 
 MELANSIS, Melanosis — m.Pulmonum, Me- 
 lanosis pulmonum. 
 
 MELANTHIUM, Nigella. 
 
 MEL AS, Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus, Me- 
 laena. 
 
 MELAS'MA^Ecchymi?'maMelas'ma,NigTOr, 
 from /lei^f, 'black.' A black spot or ecchy- 
 mosis, occurring on the lower extremities of 
 old people especially. Also, a cutaneous affec- 
 tion analogous to chloasma, differing from it 
 only in the darker colour of the morbid pigment. 
 It is called also Pityriasis nigra. 
 
 MELAS'SES, Molas'seSjMelus'tum, Theriaca 
 somm'U'nis, Syrtt'pus empyrenmat'ieus seu ni- 
 ger. Treacle. The syrup, which remains after 
 the juice of the sugar cane has been subjected 
 to all the operations for extracting sugar from 
 it. In the United States, the syrup, made in 
 the process of forming common sugar, is called 
 
 melasses ; that remaining after the refinement 
 of sugar being termed svgar-house melasses or 
 treacle. 
 - Melasses Spirit, Rum. 
 MELATROPH'I A, from ^.^ of, 'a limb,' and 
 oj-po<?'a, ' wasting.' Wasting of the limbs. 
 
 MELCA, lifKxa. Food made of acidulated 
 milk. 
 MELE, Specillum. 
 MELEA, Pyrus malus. 
 MELEGUETTA, Amomum gi;ana paradisi. 
 MELEI'OS, litiXiw, Meli'nus, Meliaa. A 
 species of alum found in the island of Melos. 
 .. JfiJiiZE.'Pinus larix. 
 MELI,Mel. 
 
 MELIA, Fraxinus ornus. 
 Me'lia Azed'araoh, Azedara' cha a^ee'na. 
 Poison Berry Tree, Azed' arach, Pride, of India, 
 Pride of China, Pride tree, Sep tree. Bead tree. 
 Nat. Ord. Meliadese ; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo- 
 no^ynia. The bark of the root — called in In- 
 dia Neem Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U. S.), is , 
 usually given in decoction,, in the proportion of 
 three or four ounces of the bark.of the fresh 
 root to a quart of water, boiled down to a pint. 
 The dose is one or two table.-spoonfuls, every 
 two or three hours, till purging is induced. It 
 is given in this manner as an anthelmintic. It 
 is sometimes formed into an ointment, and used 
 in tinea capitis. The tre'e is a native of Syria, 
 Persia, and the north of India, and is abundant 
 in the southern states. ; 
 
 Melia Terra, Creta. 
 MELICERA, Porrigo favpsa. ' 
 
 'MELICERIA; Hydrarthras, Porrigo favosa. 
 MElilCE'RISj Melifa'vium, from ^t\i, ' ho- 
 ney,' E^fld 'Xijgoc, ' wax.' Emphy'Tna encystis 
 
 ris. • An encysted tumour filled, with a 
 substance resembling honey. Also, Porrigo 
 favosa. 
 
 MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELICHEIUM;fromV8^','hbney,'and/ew, 
 ' I pour out.' A honey-like discharge from an 
 ulcer. 
 
 MELICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELIFAVIUM, Meliceris, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELIGEI'ON ; from ,j,ih,' honey.' A fetid 
 humour of the consistence of hoSey, discharged 
 from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone. 
 
 il^^i/LOr, Trifolium melilotui. 
 
 MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus. 
 
 MELIME'LUMi from, ^iex,, ' honey,' and 
 iwi)\oi<, 'an apple.' A name given to two com- 
 pounds : — one of hortey and quince, the other 
 of honey and apples., 
 
 M&LINE, Melaena. 
 
 MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MELINUM, i^riUvcv. The ancient name of 
 an ointment, and of several plasters, described 
 by Dioscorides and G&len : so called from their 
 resembling the ^i;\or, or quince, in colour. 
 
 Melinum Shlphuricum, Cadmii sulphas. 
 
 MELINUS, Meleios. 
 
 MELIPHYLLUM, Melissa. 
 
 MELIS'SA, from ^si/iro-a, 'a bee,' be- 
 cause bees gather honey from it. Melis'ia offi- 
 cina'lis, Citra'go, Citra'ria, Melitei'a, MeHs* 
 sob'otos, Melita'na, Melissobot'an^wm, Melis'sa 
 ci.tra'ta, MelissophyVlum, MeUpkyl'l-um, Mentha 
 cili dta, MeVit'tis, Cedrmmt'lsr, Ajrias'.trumj Me>- 
 lissa cit'rina, Ero'tion, Balm, (F.) .Helisse, La 
 Citronelle; Nat. Ord. Labiatae. The leaves of 
 balm, Melissa (Ph. U. S.), have a pleasant 
 
M£LISSE DBS BOIS 
 
 53G 
 
 MEMBRANA 
 
 odour; and an austere and aromatic taste. Balm 
 was formerly much used in nervous diseases, 
 but is now only employed wWn made into ^ 
 t«a, as a diluent, in febrile affections. It is the 
 ba'sii of a celebrated preparation,-^the Eau des 
 Carmes, 
 
 Melissa Calj\'min'tha, Calamiin'tha, C. vul- 
 garis, C. offidna'riim, Ccd'amint, (F.) Gala- 
 ment. This plant smells like wild mint,; though 
 more agreeably. Jtt is used, propulariy,' as a 
 tea in dyspepsia; flatulent colic ; hysteria; ute- 
 rine obstructions, &c. - _ 
 
 Melissa Gbandiflo'ra, Culamin'tha piagno 
 flori, G. monta'na. Mountain Cal'amint, This 
 plant resembles the last in virtues, , ' , : - ^ 
 Melissa Humilis, Melittis melissophyllura. 
 Melissa Nep'eta j, Calamin'tha. An<glica, C. 
 FuWgii odo're, Nep'eta figres'tis. Field Cal'- 
 amint, Spotted Cal'amim. Formerly used as 
 an aromatic. 
 
 Melissa PubEGioiDSS, Hedeoma — m. Tur- 
 cica, Dracocephalum Cariariense. 
 
 MiLISSE DES, BOIS, Melittis melissd- 
 phyllum — ml de Moldavief Dracocephalum Ca- 
 nariense. 
 
 MELISSOBOTAWUM, Melissa. 
 MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa. 
 MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis me- 
 lissophyllum. 
 MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum. 
 MELIT^NA, Melissa. 
 MALITAGRE, Impetigo. 
 MELITEIA, Melissa. 
 MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Cbrsicana. 
 MELI'TISj Iriflamma'tio gena'rum; from m")- 
 Xovj ' the cheek,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the cheek. 
 MELITITES, Hydromeli. 
 MELITTA, Bee. 
 MELITTIS, Melissa. , 
 Melit'tis MELissoPHYL'L0M,,ia«M't«» mon- 
 ta'num, J^elissa hu'imlis^ M-elisaophyVlwrn, 
 Bastard Baltn, {Y.)Melisse des Bois, MMissot, 
 This plant was formerly employed, like the 
 balm, in uterine obstructions, - 
 MELITUUIAv Urine, diabetic,.see Diabetes. 
 MELI'TUS, Melli'tus, from niel. 'ho- 
 ney.' Appertaining to honey. Ofthenatiire 
 of honey. 
 
 MELIZO'MUM, from.j(E>,i, ' honfey,' and 
 ttojitoc, 'broth;' Mead, M6lli'na,M6tkeg'lin, A 
 drink prepared v^fith honey. 
 
 MELLA'GO, from mel, 'honey.' Anyme- 
 dicine having the consistence of hoi>ey. A fluid 
 
 MELLICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
 
 MELLIF AVIUM, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 MELLINA, Melizomum. ■ 
 
 MELLITE DE ROSES, Mel ross. 
 
 MELLI'TUM, from mel, 'honey.' A pre- 
 pared hohey : — a medicated honey. 
 
 Mellitum.de Acetate Cupri, Linimentum 
 .^ruginis. 
 
 Mellitum de Mercuma'li Compos'itum, 
 (F.) M^iel de mercuriale compose, Syrop de 
 longue vie, {Succ. purif, mercurialis ffiij, bo- 
 raginis, anckusa offi,Ginalis, aa Ibss, iris pseu- 
 dacori radicis recent, _^ij, rod, sice, geniiancc 
 %y, mellis toiij, vini albi §xiij. Macerate the 
 bruised rootj in the wine for 94 hours; strain; 
 mix the juices and honey; boil slightly, and 
 filter i then add the two liquors, and boil to the 
 
 consistence of syrup. J'h.P,) Cathartic, sto- 
 machic, &c. 
 Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosse. 
 Mellitijm Simplex, Syru-'pus de MellS, Sy- 
 rup of Honey, (Mellis Bvj, aguse Ibiss, eairbo- 
 nat. ,calcis,,pr(Bpaiat. jiij. Mix, the honey, 
 water, and carbonate of lime iri-a silver vessel : 
 boil the mixture, stirring, at the same time, for 
 2 or 3 minutes : then add prepared animal char- 
 coal ^vj, two whites of eggs, mixed in a pint of 
 water. Mix all, and boil to the consistence of 
 syrup : remove from the fire ; let the syrup rest 
 for is minutes, and. pass through a cloth. Ph. 
 P.) Demulcent -• 
 MELLITUS, Melitus. ' 
 ME LO .a;' MI A, from niXts, 'black,' and 
 'a.1^ a, ' blood.' A stata of .iDltood, characterized 
 by its incoagulaljility, black colour, and septic 
 properties. * 
 
 MELOCHI'TIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'- 
 ites, Arme'niafi Sidne, A "variety of blue car- 
 bonate of copper. It is found in Germany, the 
 Tyrol, and espeeially in Armenia. It was for- 
 merly employed as a cardiac, and as proper for 
 purging away melancholy. 
 
 MEL'OE NIGER, M. Pennsylvan'icus, A 
 blistering fly, native of the United-States. It 
 feeds upon Prunel'ld vulga'ris or Self-heal, 
 and Ambro'sia trif'ida of Stiek-wetd, These 
 flies resemble the Spanish :flies in properties. 
 Meloe Pehnsylv amicus, M; niger. 
 Meloe PfcosoARABiE'us, . Cant(f.rel'lus, was 
 anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hydropho- 
 bic 
 Meloe VESlCAtoRius, Cantharis. 
 MELON, iJir,>.ov, ? an apple,' A disorder of 
 the eye, iij which it protrudes but of the socket. 
 See Exophthalmia. — Castelli. 
 
 Melon, Cucumis ipelo — m. d'Eau, Cucurbita 
 citrallns — m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water, 
 Cucurbita citruUus. 
 MELONGENA, Solanum melongena. 
 MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus. 
 MELOPL A'C US, Meloplacun'tium, from jiij- 
 wr, 'an apple,' 'a quince;' A conipound- ob- 
 tained by boiling wine, honey, qjdnce, pepper, 
 &c., together .-^Galen. ' ' 
 
 MELOPL AS'TIC, Mdoplas'ticus; from 
 imjXoi', 'th« cheek,' and jiiao-ino, 'I form.'' The 
 operation for forming a new cheek when any 
 part of it has been lost. 
 
 MELDS, /jLiXiK, Membrum, A member. 
 An organized part, Composed of other parts. — 
 Castelli. 
 
 MELO'SIS, Cttfheteris'mus, Cenembate'sis, 
 from /Ki)X)j, 'a probe.' The act_of probing a 
 wound, ulcer, &c.— Hippocrates. Cath^terism. 
 MELGTHRUM, Bryonia alba. 
 MELO'TIS, Meto'Jris, Specilium minus. A 
 small probe,— ^a probe for the ear. See Apy- 
 romele. ' - 
 
 MELOTRIS, Melotis. 
 
 MELUM, firiKiv, Malum, An apple. Fruit 
 in general. Also, a round, firm female breast. 
 The cheek. The apple-eye or melon-eye; an 
 apple-formed projection of the eye from the 
 orbit. 
 
 Melum Armeniacum, Prunus armeniaca — m. 
 Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia. 
 MELUSTUM, Melasses. 
 MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
 MEMBRANA, Membrane — m. Abdominis, 
 Peritonaeum — m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane 
 
MEMBRANACEOUS 
 
 537 
 
 MEMBRANE 
 
 — m. Adventitia, Decidua reflexa— m. Agnina, 
 Amnios — m. Amphiblestrodes, Retiha — m. 
 Arachnoidea, Hyaloid membrane — m. Capsula- 
 ris testis, Albugineii — m. Carnosa, Dartos^m. 
 Cellulosa, Cellular membrane — m. Cellulosa,. 
 Decidua — m. Cerebri tenuis, Pia mater — m. 
 Cerebri mollis, Pia mater — m. Cerebri propria, 
 Pia mater — m. Circumossalis, Periosteuni — m. 
 Communis, Decidua — ra. Circumplexa, Pericar- 
 dium — m. Cordis, Pericardium — m. Costalis, 
 Pleura — m. Costas succingens. Pleura — m. 
 Crassa, Decidua reflexa — m. CribroSa, Deciijua 
 — m. Cuticularis,Dura mater — m.Decidua sero- 
 tina, see Decidua — m. Demuriana, see Aqueoiis' 
 humour and Cornea — m. Dermatodes, Dura 
 mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous humor and 
 Cornea — n). Diaphratton, Mediastinum — m. 
 Dura cerebrum ambiens, Dura mater — m. Epi- 
 crania. Galea aponeurotica capitis — m. Externa 
 dentlum, Tapetum alveoli — m. Farcimirialis, 
 Allantois — m. Fenestras rOtundae, see Fenestra 
 — m. Filamentosa, Decidua reflexa — m.Floccu- 
 lenta, Decidua^m. Foetura involvens, Amnios 
 — m. Interspinalis, Ipterspinal ligament — m. 
 Intestinalis, Allantois — m. Linguae, see Tollgue 
 — m. Macilentioi, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic-|- 
 m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane— m'. Ner- 
 vorum, Neurilema — m. Nictitans, Valvula ser 
 milunaris — m. Olfactoria, Pituitary membrane 
 — m. Ossis, Periosteum — m. Ovi materna, De- 
 cidua-^m. Ovuli corticalis, Oiocalymma — m. 
 Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pinguedinosa, Cellular 
 membrane — m. Pingnis intestinorum, Mesen- 
 tery — m. Pitiiitaria, Pituitary membrane, see 
 Membrane — m. Pituitosa, see Membrane-^-m. 
 Pleuretiea, Pleura — m. Praeexistens, Decidua — 
 m. Pupillaris, Pupillary membrane — m. iPro- 
 pria, see Cortex ovi — m. Retiformis chorii, De- 
 cidua r«flexa— m. Riiyschiana, Choroid (inner 
 ■ layer.) 
 
 Membeana Saooifoemis. a separate syno- 
 vial membrane for the inferior radio-cubital ar- 
 ticulation, which covers the upper surface of 
 the triangular ligament, and the sort pf incom- 
 plete ring which circumscribes the head of the 
 ulna. 
 
 Membeana Semipellucida-, Caligo — m. Si- 
 nuosa, Decidua — m. Subcostalis, Pleura — m. 
 Succingens, Diaphragm — m. Succingens^ Pleura 
 — m. Thoracem intersepiens. Mediastinum — m. 
 Tympani, see ' Tympanum — m. Tympani se- 
 cundaria, see Fenestra — m. Urinaria, Allantois 
 — m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua — m. Uvea, 
 '. Uvea — m. Vasculosa cerebri, Pia mater — m. 
 Verricularis, Retina. 
 
 Membra 'na Veesid'oioe. A peculiar mem- 
 brane — according to Mr. Fielding, of Hull — 
 situate immediately behind the retina, and in 
 connexion with it. It is separable into distinct 
 layers from the choroid, and is supplied with 
 blood-vessels.. 
 
 Membeana Waohendoefiana, Pupillary 
 membrane. 
 MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous. 
 MEMBiLANEfMembra'na, Hymen, Meninx, 
 Epen'dyma. A name, given to different thin 
 organs, representing species of supple, more or 
 less elastic, webs; varying in their structure 
 and vital properties, and intended, in general, 
 to absorb or secrete certain fluids ; and to se- 
 parate, envelop, and form other organs. Bichat 
 has divided the membranes into simple and 
 compound. 
 35 
 
 Simple Membranes comprise three orders. 1 . 
 A Mucous Membrane, Memhranii Mucosa seu 
 pituito'sa seu pituita'ria, -Phleg'rnymen, Phleg- 
 mat'hymen, Membrane follic2ileuse,(Ch.,) is so 
 called, on account of the mucous fluid by which 
 they are constantly lubricated.' They line the 
 canals, cavities, and hollow organs, which com- 
 municate externally by different apertures pn 
 the skin. Bichat refers the mucous membranes 
 to two great divisions — the gastro-pulmonury, 
 and the genito-urinary . The mucous mem- 
 branes have a striking analogy with the cuta-i 
 neous tissue, in organization, functipns, and 
 diseases. They are composed of chorion, pa- 
 pillee, and epitdermis ; and are furnished with a 
 multitude of follicles, which secrete a viscid 
 humour; — mucus. ^ They jeceive a quantity of 
 arterial vessels, veins, lymphatics, and nerves. 
 3. The Serous Membranes, M, villeuses sim- 
 ples (Ch.); are transparent, thin, and composed 
 of one lamiiia. One surface adheres to other 
 textures; the other is smooth, polished, and 
 moistened by a serous fluid. They arearranged 
 — in the form of sacs without apertures— -as 
 great, intermediate reservoirs iox the exhalant 
 and absorbent systems, and in which the serous 
 fluid in passing from the "one system tarries 
 some time before it enters the other. The se- 
 rous membranes resemble the cellular mem- 
 brane in structure and diseases. They facili- 
 tate the motion on each pther of the organs 
 which the^ envelop. They may be divided into, 
 1. Serous membranes, properly so called; as the 
 arachnoid, pleura, peritoneum, and tunica va- 
 ginalis. 2. Synovial membranes oi Capsules; 
 which belong to joiiits, tendons, aponeuroses, 
 &c, 3. Fibrous Membranes, Membranes al^u- 
 gineuses (Ch.) These are almost all continu- 
 ous, and terminate at the periosteum— their 
 common centrei They have been divided into 
 two sections, 1 . JSnveloping aponeuroses. Apo- 
 neuroses of insertion, Fibrous capsules of the 
 joints, wAFibrous sheathsof tendons.-, 2. The 
 Periosteum, Dura mater, Sclerotica, Tunica 
 atbuginea ^testis. Fibrous membrane of the 
 spleen, &c. The fibrous menibtanes are not 
 free or moistened by any particular fluid. They 
 adhere by both surfaces to the neighbouring 
 parts ; are firm, resisting, but slightly elastic, 
 and pf a white colour; sometimes pearly and 
 glistening. They are chiefly composed of the 
 albugineous Jthre, (see' Albugineous and Fi- 
 brous.) Their vessels are numerous, in some, 
 as in the dura mater and periosteum : in others, 
 scarcely perceptible, as in the aponeuroses. 
 The presence of nerves has never been proved, 
 although several citcumstances, regarding their 
 sensibility, render their existence probable. 
 The fibrpus membranes serve, in general, to 
 augment the splidity of the prgans which they 
 envelpp; to retain the muscles in their respec- 
 tive positions ;, to favour the motion of the limbs, 
 and that of the muscles and skin; to form ca- 
 nals and rings for the passage pf different or- 
 gans, &c. 
 
 Bichat admits three species of Compound 
 Membranes. 1. The Sero-fibrous, fprmed of a 
 serpus and fibrpus lamina, intimately adherent 
 to each pther; — as the pericardium, dura mater, 
 and tunica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous, 
 fprmed pf a serpus and mucpus lamina ; — as the 
 gall-bladder at its Ipwer part. 3. The Fibro- 
 mueous, cpnstituted of the union of a fibrous 
 
MEMBRANE CADUQVE 
 
 538 
 
 MiNINGITE 
 
 and mucous membrane; as th^ mucous mem- 
 brane ofrthe nasal fossce, gums, he, Chans- 
 sier admits six kinds of membranes. 1, The 
 laminated. See Cellular Tissue. 2., The se- 
 rous or simple villous: 3. The follicular OT 
 complicated villous ; 4. The muscular ox flesh]/: 
 5. The alhugiif^ous : 6. Th.e'^ albuminous. 
 
 MembkanEj Accidental, M. false^-m. Acei- 
 dentelle, ijVI. false — m. Adnee, Conjunctiva — m. 
 Adventitious, M. false — m. Anhistous, Depidua. 
 
 Membxane, Basement, Pri'mary membrane 
 A delicate, structureless lamella of membrane 
 found beneath the epidermis 'or epithelium, on 
 all the free surfaces of the body. 
 
 MEMBRANE CADJJQJIE,, Decidna^m. 
 - Caduque refl'echie, Decidua refiexa — m. de De- 
 mours, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea — m-de 
 Desisemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea. 
 
 Membrane, False, Accid-eu'tal membi^ane, 
 Adventif'ious membrane, Pseudo-Membrane, 
 Pseud'ymen, Pseudome'nino!, (T.y Fausse 
 membranfi, M. acddentelie. Membranous pro- 
 ductions are so called, which form on all the 
 free, natural surfaces, and oh every free, acci- 
 dental surface.. They are, in general, produced 
 by the exudation of a fibrinous matter, suscep- 
 tible of organization, which tak,es^lace in con- 
 sequence of inflammation of the various tis- 
 sues. These accidental membranes occur on 
 the skin after the application of a blister ; on 
 mucous surfaces, as in croup; on the parietes 
 of inflamed veins and arteries, &c. The cica- 
 trices, of wounds are formed of them. 
 
 MEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membiane false 
 — m. Germinal, see Molecule^— m. Primary, 
 Membrane, basement — m. Pseudo, M. false — 
 m» Hyaloid, see Hyaloid membrane— ^-m, -Ruys- 
 ohienne, Choroid (inner layer,) Ruyschiana tu^ 
 niqa— »J. du Tympwh,, see Tympanum. 
 
 MEMBRANES ALBUGINBUSES,Mem- 
 branes, fibrous, see Albuginea — m. Follicu- 
 leuses. Membranes, mucous — m. Velou/tees, Vil- 
 lous membranes — m. Villeuses simples, Mem- 
 branes, serous. 
 
 Membranes of the F(etus, Membra'na fce- 
 tum involven'tes, Velamen'ta infan'Hs. The 
 membranes which immediately envelop the foe- 
 tus in the cavity of the uterus, and the rupture 
 _of which gives rise to the discharge of the li- 
 quor amnii. These membranes are the deeidua, 
 chorion, and amnion. 
 
 MBMBRANEUX, Membranous. > . 
 
 MEMBRANIFOEM, Membraniform'is, from 
 memirama, and forma; — resejnbling a mem- 
 brane. A name given to thin andjat parts', 
 which resemble membranes. , , 
 
 ' Membraniform Muscles. Very broad and 
 thin muscles^ as the platysma myoides, obli- 
 quus abdominis, &c. 
 
 MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle. 
 
 MEM'BRANOUS, Membrano'sus, Membra- 
 na,'ceus,Hymeno'des,(^.) Membraneujc. Having 
 the nature of membrane. Formed of mem- 
 brane. 
 
 MEMBRANtJLA, Hymenium— m. Corons 
 ciliaris, see Ciliary — m. Lunata vagina, Hy- 
 men^m. Nervorum, Neurilema — m. Semiluna- 
 ris conjunctivae, Valvula semilunaris. 
 
 MEMBRANULE, Membran'ula; diminutive 
 of Membrana, 'a membrane.' A small mem- 
 brane. 
 
 MEMBRE, Membrum— OT. Viril, Penis. 
 
 MEMBRO'SUS, Membro'sior, Mentula'tus, 
 
 Mutonia'tus, Nasa'tus, valdE Mentula'tus, Pse- 
 lon, from membrum, ' the male organ.' One 
 whose penis is very large. , 
 
 MEMBRUM, Artus, Melos, Colon, a limb, a 
 member, (F.) Membre. The limbs or extremi- 
 ties or members of animals are certain parts ex- 
 terior to the bjfdy, which are more or less ap- 
 parent, long,' and moveable. It i? by means 
 pf their limbs, that animals transport them- 
 selves from one place to another ; and that they 
 defendvthemselves, or attsfck others. The limbs 
 are arranged on each sjde of the trunks with 
 which they are articulated. In man, they are 
 four in number ; — two upper- of thoracic, and 
 two lower, pelvic or abdominal. Also, the 
 male oirgan. 
 
 Membrum Muliebre, Clitoris— |-m. Virile, 
 Penis. - ' , 
 
 ilfA'ilf 01KB, Memory — m.Pertede, Anmesia. 
 
 MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia. , . 
 
 MEM'ORY, Memo'ria, Mneme, Hypomn^- 
 sis,' Recorda'tio,' Recorda'tus, (F.) Memoire. 
 The cerebral faculty, by yirtue of ' which past 
 impressions are recalled to the mind. ■ 
 
 MEMPHI'TES LAPIS. A sort of stone, 
 found in the environs of Memphis ; which was 
 formerly esteemed narcotic. 
 
 MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues. 
 
 MENDESION, iEgyptiacum. 
 
 MENE, Moon. 
 
 MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter. 
 
 MENES, Menses. 
 
 MENESPAVSIE, see IVfenses. 
 
 MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Inflamma'tiD 
 membrana'rum-artieulatio'nis,'Arthromeningi'- 
 tis,' from nipiyi, ' membrane,' apfigor, ' a joint,' 
 andxaxos, 'disease.' Inflamn^Ettion of the meli.- 
 branes of a joint. ■ 
 
 MiNINGE, Dura mater. 
 
 MENtNGg, Meningeal. 
 
 MENIN'GEAL, Menin'geus, from jmiji'i)-!, 
 'a membrane.' (F.) Meninge. Relating to 
 the meninges, or merely to the dura mater. 
 
 Meningeal Artery, Mibdle, Arte'ria me- 
 nin'gea media, A. Sphxno-spino'sa, A. Durx 
 Matris me'dia max'ima, A. Bphano-spinalis, 
 Spinal Artery, (F.) Artire meningee moyenne, 
 A, Spheno-epiiieiise, A. Epineuse,is the largest 
 of the branches given off by the internal maxil- 
 lary artery. It enters the craniiraa -by the fora^ 
 men spjnale, and distribptes its branches chiefly 
 to the dura mater. 
 
 Meningjeal Vessels; Vasa'menin'gea. The 
 vessels of the membranes of the brain. ' 
 
 MENIN'GES, Eilam'ides, Matres sen Invo- 
 lu'cra Cer'ebri, Omen'taseM Velamen'ta cerebra'- 
 lia, from iiiijuj/?, , ' a membrane.' The three 
 membranes which enyelop the brain — Dura 
 mater. Arachnoid, and Pia mater, 
 
 MgNINGETTE, Pia mater. 
 
 MENINGI'WA, (F .) Meningim. Same ety- 
 mon. AnamegivenbyChaussiertothepiamater, 
 united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid. 
 
 Meningina,Innee Lamina of the, Pia mater. 
 
 M&NINGINE, Meningina. 
 
 MENINGINI'TIS, from Meningina, and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 meningina. 
 
 MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane. 
 
 MENINGIS CUSTOS, Meningophylax. 
 
 MiNINGITE, Meningitis — m. Granuleuse, 
 Hydrocephalus internus — m. Rachidienne, Me- 
 
MENINGITIS 
 
 539 
 
 MENSES 
 
 ningitis, spinal — m. Tuberculeuse, Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus. 
 
 MENINGl'TIS, Encephali'tis peripher'ica, 
 E. membrano'sa, (F.) Injlairmiation de la mem- 
 brans sereuse cepktdo-raehidienne^ Miningite. 
 Iilfiammation of the meninges oi memhranes of 
 the train. See Phreuitis. 
 
 Meminsitis Arthritioa, Cephalagra — tri. 
 Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m. Mem- 
 branosa, M. spinal — m. Peripherica, M. spinal 
 ^m. Potatorum, Delirium tremens — m. Ra- 
 chidian, M. spinal. 
 
 Meningitis, Spinal, M.Rdchid'ian, M. Spi- 
 nallis eeu peripher'ica seu membrano'sU,, Peri- 
 myeli'tis, (F.) MeningiU Yaehidienni. In- 
 flammation of the meninges of the^ spinal mar- 
 row. 
 
 Meningitis, TuberoulaK, see Hydrocepha- 
 lus internus — m. Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus 
 'internus. 
 
 MENIN'GITJM. Diminutive of ^ijwj-f, 'a 
 membrane.' A fine delicate membrane. The 
 tunica arachnoidea of the brain. 
 
 MENINGO-CEPHALI'TIS, Meningo-ence- 
 phali'tis, Ceph/alo-vieningi'tis, fi^om ^lywj/^, 'a 
 membrane,' «9)oii;, 'head,' ,and'i«j>, a suifix 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 membranes and brain. 
 
 MENINGOGASTRITIS, Fever, gastric. 
 
 MENINGOMALA'CIA, from 'mviy^, ' mem- 
 brane,' and fi.aka.%11t, •softening.' Softening of 
 membranes in general. 
 
 MENINGOPH'YLAX, Gustos menin'gis, 
 Depresso'rinm, (F.) SOepressoire, from frnviyi, 
 'a membrsm^,' the "dura mater; and <puxa5, 'a 
 preserver.' " An instrument for depressing the 
 dura mater; and guarding it from injury, 
 whilst the bone is cut or rasped. 
 
 MENINGORRHCE'A, from /iHviyi, < mem- 
 brane,' and fiu, 'I flow.' Effusion of blood 
 upon' or between the membranes of the brain. 
 
 MENINGO'SIS. Same etymon"." The union 
 of bones by means of membralne ; e. g. the ar- 
 ticulation of the bones of the cranium in the 
 fffitus. Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis. 
 
 MENINGOSYM' PHYSIS; from ^..ivtj.|, 
 ' membrane,' and avftfua-i^, ' growing together,' 
 Adhesion of or by membrane. Adhesion of 
 the membranes of the brain to each other, or 
 to the brain. * 
 
 MENINX, Mftabrane— m. Choroides, Pia 
 mater — m. Crassa, Dura^ mater — m. Dura, Dura 
 mater — m. Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior, 
 Pia mater — mi Media, Arachnoid membrane — 
 m. Pacheia, Dura mater— m. Sclera, Dura 
 mater. 
 
 MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrheea. 
 
 MENISPERM'UM CANADEN'SE, from 
 ftxvij, ' the moon,'and o-a-sjuitt, ' seed.' A climb- 
 ing plant, growing in various parts of the 
 United States. Said to be used in "Virginia as 
 a substitute for sarsaparilla in scrofula. It is 
 an excitant tonic. 
 
 MENisPEE'MnM Goc'cDLUS, Anamir'ta Coc'- 
 culuS) A. panicula'ta, Coc'culus siibero'sus, so 
 called from the shape of its seed. Family Me- 
 nispermeEB. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Dodecandria. 
 The systematic name of the plant, the berries 
 of which are well known by the name of Coc'- 
 culus In'dimis, Indian Berries, Bacece Pisea- 
 to'rise, Coc'culus subero'sus, Indian CocMes, 
 Coccus In'dicus, Coccula officina'rum. Cocci 
 orienta'les, Grana OHen'tis, (F.) Coque du 
 
 Levant, Coqtie levant. These berries are re- 
 markable for their inebriating and destructive 
 quality to fish. The deleterious principle ap- 
 pears to reside in the kernel, and in the active 
 principle called Picrotox'ine* Cocculus Indi- 
 cus has been used in decoction to kill vermin. 
 It has, at times, been added to beer, by fraudu- 
 lent tradesmen, to render it more inebriating. 
 .,Menispekmi;m Palmatum, Calumba. 
 
 MenisjPer'mwm; TuEERcnLA'TUM, M. Verru- 
 co'sum, Coc'^culus prispus. , A Chinese plant, 
 an extract from the root of which is tonic to 
 ihe stomach and bowels, and possesses some as- 
 tringency. Dose, 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 The same may be said of the Menisper'mvm 
 cordifo'liwm — the Goitincha, of Bengal. 
 
 Mejjispermum VEKEuCostM, Mj Tubercula- 
 tum. ' ; 
 
 MENOCBYPHIA, Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENOLIPSIS, see Menses! , 
 
 MENOPAUSISi see Menses. , 
 
 MENOPLANIA, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 MENNORRHAG'IA, from ^ijir, ■' a monthj' 
 and fijyro^ii, 'I flow fiercely.' Flovv "of the 
 menses. Frequently, the word is used synony- 
 mously with uterine hemorrhage oi metrbrrhii. 
 gia, or for immoderate flow of the menses 
 — -profuse mensti'uation, Parame'nia super'- 
 Jlua, P. profu'sa, Mennorrhag"ia rubra, Cata- 
 menial rum jluxus immiod'icusj Menstrua im- 
 mod'ica, M, stiper'Jlua, Menorrha'a. 
 
 Menoerhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia 
 — m. Alba, Leucorrhtea — m. Difllcilis, Dysme- 
 norrhc^a — ra. Errpnea, Menstruation, errone- 
 ous — m. Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 MENORRHCE'A, from ^i,v, 'month,' and 
 eiffl, ' I flo*.' Too long continuing, or too often 
 returning, menstruation. Also, menorrhagia. 
 
 MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhcea. 
 
 MENOS'TASIS, from «»v, 'month,' and ata- 
 n;, ' stasis,' 'stagnation.' This word, accord- 
 ing to some, signifies the retention of the menses 
 and their accumulation in the uterus. Accord- 
 ing to others, it means the. acute pain which, in 
 some females, precedes each appearance of the 
 menses ! a pain which has been presumed to 
 proceed from the stasis of blood in the capillary 
 vessels of the uterus. 
 
 MENOXEN'IA, Menoxeno'sis, from firiv, 'a 
 month,' and Itvoc, 'foreign.' Irregular men- 
 struation. 
 . MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia. 
 
 MENS, Anima, Intellect. ' 
 
 MENSA, ' a table.' The upper superficial' 
 part, of the jaw teeth. 
 
 MENSES, {Mensis, ' a month ;') M. Mjdie'bres, . 
 Mulifi'bria, Menes,Fluxus men'striiu's, F. luna'-- 
 ris, Projlu'vium mulie'bri, P. genita'le mulie- 
 bre, XJonsu-etu'do menstrua, Catame'nia, Men'- 
 strua, Fmmie'nia, Tribu'tuTn luna're seu tnen'-- 
 struum., Purgatio'nes, P, TaenstrUcR, Gyncecei'a, 
 Aphedri'a, Cursus men'struus, Horce'a, lAina'- 
 ria; the Courses, Menstrual jinx,. Monthly 
 courses, M. periods, Flowers, Turns, Terms, 
 the Reds, Troubles, (F.) Mois, Regies, Lunes, 
 Flueurs, Affaires, Apoques, Ordinaires, Purga~ 
 tions, Pleurs, Menstrues. The sanguineous 
 evacuation from the uterus, Sanguis men'- 
 struus, the monthly occurrence of which con- 
 stitutes menstruation. The first appearance 
 of the menses is usually preceded by the 
 
MENSIUM RETENTIO 
 
 540 
 
 MENTHA 
 
 rtischarge of a fluid whitish matter from the 
 vagina.; by nervous excitement, and by vague 
 pains and heaviness in the loins and thighs ; 
 numbness of the limbsj tumefaction and hatd- 
 Hess of the breasts, &c. More or less indispo- 
 sition and irritability also precede each suc- 
 cessive recurrence of the menstrual flux. In 
 temperate climates, each period ordinarily con- 
 tinues frpra three to six (lays; and. the quantity 
 lost varies from four to eight' ounces. The 
 menses cpntinuje to flow from the period of pu- 
 berty till the age of 45 or SO. At the terin of 
 its natural cessation, Menolipisis, Menespausie 
 (Gardanne,) Menopau'sis, the flux becomes ir- 
 regular; and this irregularity is occasionally 
 accompanied with- symptoms of dropsy, glan- 
 dular tumours, &c., constituting tjie Parame'- 
 nia cessatio'nis of Good, arid What is called the 
 eritieal time of life ; yet it does riot appear that 
 the^ mortality is increased by it, With the'im- 
 medi^te causes of menstruation we are unac- 
 quainted. We express only our ignorance, 
 when we assert it to degend' upon periodicity : 
 the discharge comes fjom the vessels of the 
 uterus, and vagina, and differs from ordinary 
 blood by its. peculiar odour, and by its not coa- 
 gulating. It is evidently connected with the 
 condition of the ovaries, and appears to be syn- 
 chronous with the periodical discharge of ova 
 from them. It is arrested, as a general princi- 
 ple, during pregnancy and lactation. In warm 
 climates, women usually begin to menstruate 
 early, and cease sooner than in the temperate 
 regions. The quantity lost is ajso greater. In 
 the colder regions, the reverse of this holds as 
 a general rule. 
 
 Menses Al;bj', LencorrhcBa-r-m. Anorrialae, 
 Paramenia — m. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious 
 -^m. Dplorifici, Dysmenorrhcea — m. Retention 
 of the, see Amenorrhoea — Ui. Suppression of 
 
 MENSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhoea. 
 
 MENSTRtJA, M,enSes— na. Alba, Leucor- 
 rhcea — m. Difiicilia, Dysmenorrhcea — m. Dolo- 
 rosa, DysmenorrTioea — m. Immodica, Menorrha- 
 gia — m. Superflua. Menorrhagia. 
 
 MENSTRUALFLUX, Menses. 
 
 MENSTRlJATia ANOMALA, Paramenia 
 — m. Diflicilis, Dysmenorrhcea — m. Dolorilica, 
 Dysmenorrhcea — m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea 
 — m . Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious. 
 
 Menstrua'tio RecidI'va. Menstruation, 
 •when protracted beyond the usual age. 
 
 Mensteuatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para- 
 menia; — m. Suppressa, Amenorfhffia, Paramenia. 
 L MENSTRUA'TION, Menstrua'tio, Chrono- 
 gu'nea, Menorrhag^'ia, Fluxus tnenstrua'lis. 
 The flow of the menses. 
 
 MENS TRTXA TION DIFFICILE, Dysme- 
 norrhea — m. Difficult, Dysmenorrhcea — m. La- 
 •borious, Dysmenorrhcea — m. Profuse, Menor- 
 rhagia. . 
 
 Mensteuationj Vica'riods, is that which 
 occurs from other parts than the uterus. It is 
 called Pat-avte-'nia erro'ris, Menorrkfig"ia erro'- 
 nea, Mensium per alie'.na loca excre'tio, Menses 
 de'vii, Aherra'tio •men! sium seu menstrua' rum, 
 Menstrua'tio per insoVitas vias, Hamatopla'nia 
 seu HcEmopla'nia menstrua'lis , ^enopla'nAa, 
 (F.) Deviation des Riffles, Ragles divides. At 
 times, the secreted fluid has all the characters 
 of the menstrual secretion : at others, it appears 
 to be mere blood. 
 
 MENSTRTTES, Menses. 
 
 MEN'STRUUM, (F.) Menstrue. Same et- 
 ymon; — the menstruum being, of old, usually 
 continued in action for a months. This name 
 was formerly given to every substance which 
 possesses the jiroperty of dissolving otheps- 
 slowly and with the aid of heat. At present, 
 it is used synonymoUsly~-with solvent. Thus — 
 water, alcohol, ether, acids, oils, &c., are men- 
 strua. ' ^ ' . 
 
 Menstrxtom Atjri, Nitro-muriaJ;ic acid-^m. 
 Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
 
 MENSU'RA MED'ICA. a measure of 48 
 dunces. 
 
 MENSURATION, MensurA'tio, from rruen- 
 iKra," measure.' '^Measurement. One of the 
 means used for exploring the stateof the thora- 
 cic -and othei: cavities. It consists in a com- 
 parative measurement of each side of the chest, 
 by means of a riband ext^ded from the mediajj 
 line of the -sternum to the spine. When effu- 
 sion exists on one side, the measurement is tisu- 
 ally greater than on the other. When, on the 
 other hand, a portion of a liing has ceased, foT 
 some time, to exert its respiratory functions, 
 the cbrresponding side of the '<ihest becomes 
 smaller, in consequence of the 'contraction of 
 the pleura, retraction of the pulmonary tissue 
 and greater approximation of the ribs. 
 
 MENTA, Mentha, Penis. 
 
 MENTAGRA, Mentulagra, Sycosis— m. In- 
 fantum, Porrigo lupinosa.' 
 
 MEN'TAGRAPHYTE, Men'tagrophyte, 
 from m.entagra, arid tpvrov, 'k plant.' A name 
 projiosed by M. Gruby , of Vienna,, for a fryp- 
 tqgamic plant, which he found in the erup- 
 tion of mentagra. ' ■ 
 
 MENTAL, Menta'lis, from mens, 'mind;' 
 belonging or relating to the mind, as, mental 
 phenom'ena, mental diseases' (^Morbi mental'- 
 les,) &c. 
 
 In Anatomy, Mental, Menta'lis, (F.) Men- 
 ip««i«r, signifies that which relates to the chin ; 
 from mentum, 'the chin.' 
 
 Mental Ae'tehy, (F.) Artere mentonniertt. 
 This is given off' by the inferior dental, arid 
 issues at the mental tbramen to be distributed 
 on the lower lip. 
 
 Mental Fora'mek, (F.) Trou mentonnier, 
 Ante'rior maxilld^y F., is the outer orifice of 
 the inferior dental canal. JS is situate on the 
 outer surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite 
 the second incisor or the canine tooth, and gives 
 passage to the vessels and nerves. 
 
 Mental Fossa, see Fossa:, mental. 
 
 Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is 
 furnished by the inferior dental nerve. It is- 
 sues by the mental'foramen, and is distributed, 
 in numerous filaments, to the muscles of the 
 lower lip. 
 
 Mental Region, Re'gio^ menta'lis. The re- 
 gion of the chin. 
 
 MENTHA seu MENTA AQUAT'ICA, 
 _Menthas'trum,Sisy'm'briuwi^m.enthastricm,-Men- 
 tha rotundifo'lia palus'trisj Watermint, (F.) 
 Menthe aqwatique, M. rouge. Nat. Ord. La- 
 biatae. This is less agreeable than the ilfewtAa 
 viridis, and more bitter and pungent. It is 
 used like spearmint, 
 
 Mentha Cervi'na, Hart's pennyroyal. Hys- 
 sop-leaved mint, Pule'gium 'cervi'num, (F.) 
 Menthe cervine. Possesses the properties , of 
 pennyroyal, but is very unpleasant. 
 
MENTHASTRUM 
 
 541 
 
 MERCUBIALIS 
 
 Mentba C1T11A.TA, Melissa.' 
 
 Mentha Ckispa, Colymbifera minor. Curled 
 Mint, (F.) Menthe, frissie, Ment/ie crepue, 
 Baume d'eau ot feuilles ridees. Possesses th^ 
 pr^erties of ^peppermint. 
 
 MiHTHA Gentilis, M. viridis. 
 
 Mentha Pipeei'ta, Mentha Fiperi'tis, Pep- 
 permint, (F.) Menthe poivree. The odom off 
 this variety is strong and agreeahle. .Taste, 
 pungent, aromatjc, and producing a sensation of 
 coldness in the mouth. Virtues depend upon 
 essential oiland caniphor. It is stomachic and 
 carminative. It is chiefly used m the form of 
 essential oil^ — the oleum mentha piperita. , 
 
 Essenpe of Peppermint consists of oL menth^e 
 pip. Jij, sj). vin. recti/., coloured vyith spinach 
 leaves, Oij. ' . ' 
 
 Mentha Pule'gium, Pulegium, Pulegium 
 fega'lBj'PtUegium.latifo'lilim, Glechon, Penny 
 royal. Pudding .grass, (F.) Pouliot. The oil 
 —^O'leum pulef gii—^'^ossesses the virtues of the 
 plant. It resembles the irlints in gfeneral in 
 properties. Amongst the vulgar, it is esteemed 
 an emmenagogue. 
 
 Mentha Romana, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta- 
 nacetum balsamita — m. RotundiMia palustris, 
 M. aquat'ica — m. Saracenica, Balsamita. suave- 
 olens, Tanacetum balsamita — m. Sativa, M. vi- 
 ridis — :m. Spicata, M. viric^is. 
 
 Mentha Vir'idis, M. Sati'va,Mi vulga'ris, 
 M. genti'lis, M. spica'ta. Spearmint, (F.) Men- 
 the sauvage, Baume des jardins, Menthe verte, 
 Menthe dts jardins. Odour strong, aromatic; 
 taste, warm, austere, bitterish. Virtues the 
 same as those of the peppermint. The Oleum 
 taenthse viridis is obtained from it. 
 
 Mentha Vulgaeis, M. viridis. 
 
 MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatica. 
 
 MENTHE AQUATIQUE, Mentha aquatica 
 — «». Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Caq, Tana- 
 cetum balsamita — m. Cripue, Mentha crispa — 
 m. Frissee, Mentha crispa — m. des Jardins, 
 Mentha viridis — m. Poivree, Mentha piperita — 
 m. Rouge, Mentha aquatica— »8. Sauvage, Men^ 
 tha viridis — m. Verte, Mentha viridis. 
 
 MENTIGO, Porrigo lafvalis. Sycosis. 
 
 MENTISME, ftom mens, mentis, 'mind;' 
 Any irregular movement of thft mind,' whether 
 from emotion or a vivid imagination. — Baumes. 
 
 MEISTTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides. , 
 
 MENTO-LABIAL, Mento-lalia'lis. Under 
 this name Chaussier has united the Levator 
 labii inferioris, and Quadratus milscles. See 
 Depressor labii inferioris. 
 
 MsNTOri/ABiAL FuEEow: a transverse de- 
 pJression situate between the lower lip and 
 the chin, wliich is remarkable for the perpen- 
 dicular direction of the hairs growing upon it. 
 
 MENTON, MentUm. 
 
 MEtfTONNIER, Mental— m. Labial, De- 
 pressor labii inferioris. 
 
 JtfJSJVTOiViVJtoB, see Funda. 
 
 MENTUL A, Penis — m. Muliebris, Cefcosis, 
 Clitoris — ra. Parva, Pipinna. 
 
 MEN'TULAGRA, Men'tagra. A hybrid 
 word, from mentula, 'the penis,' and oyja, 'a 
 seizure.' A convulsive erection of the mentula 
 or penis; such as is sometimes observed in eu- 
 nuchs. See Pudendagra. 
 
 MENTULA'TUS, Membrosus. 
 
 MENTUM, Genei'on, Geni'um, Anthe'reon, 
 •the chin.' (F.) Menton. The inferior and 
 middle part of the face, situate below the lower 
 
 lip. The chin is formed of skin, cellular tis- 
 sue, muscles, vessels, nerves, apd the os max- 
 illare ihferius. 
 
 MENYAN'THES TRIFOLIA'TA, Miny- 
 an'thes, Trifo'lium paludo'sum, T. aquat'icum, 
 T. palti^tri, T.fibri'mim, Menyaai'thes, Water 
 trefoil, Buckbean, Bogbean. Nat. Ord. Gen- 
 tianeae. (F.) Trifle d'eaui The taste is in- 
 tensely bitter, and is , extracted by wafer. It 
 is tonic, anthelmintic, diuretic, cathartic, and, 
 in large doses, emetic. In some countries, it is 
 used as a substitute for hops in itiaking beer. 
 
 Menyan'thes Vehna, American bud, bean. 
 Marsh trefoil. Water shamrock, Bitter root, has 
 similar properties. 
 
 MEOSIS, Meiosis. 
 .MEPHIT'IC, Mephit'ieus; frpm a Syriac 
 word, signifying ' to blow, to breathe.' Any 
 thing possessed of an unwholesonie property ; 
 chiefly applied to exhalations. 
 
 MEPHITIS HEPATieA, Hydrogen, sul- 
 phuretted^m. Inflammabiijs, Hydrogen— m. 
 Urinosa, Ammonia. , 
 
 MEPH'ITISM. Same etymon. Any per- 
 nicious exhalation. Mephi'tis and Mopheta, 
 (F.) Mofette ou Mpufette, are old names' for 
 azote ; and, in general, /or all exhalations and 
 gases that are unfit for respiration. 
 
 MERACUS, Merus. ' 
 
 MERAMAUROSIS, Hy^amaurosis. 
 
 MERANjESTHE'SIS, Meransesthe'sia, fi-om 
 jiiijoc, '« part,' ar, ',privative,' and airdtirts, 
 ' sensation.' Insensibility of a part of the body. 
 
 MERATROPH'IA, from/^joof, 'a pat,' and 
 aTgo.)Ka, 'want of 'nourishriaent.' Atrophy of 
 some part of the body. 
 
 MERCURE, Hydrargyrum — m. Bichlorure 
 (?e,Hydrargyri oxymurias^-«s. as;ec/a Craie,}iy- 
 drargyrum cum cretS — m. Cru, Hydrargyrum — 
 m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri cyanuretum — m. 
 D^wtiodure de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — 
 m. Deuto-ehlorure rf«, Hydrargyri oxymurias — 
 m. Do^x, Hydrargyri sUbmnrias^^m. Gommeux 
 de Plench, Syrupus de mercurio mediante gum- 
 mi — m. Muriateoxygene <^e,vHydi;argyri oxy- 
 murias — m.'Oxide (^«,<!e«(?re', Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum cinereum — lA. Oxide gris de,' Hydrargyri 
 oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide nitrique jie, Hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxydum.'— OT. Oxide noir de, 
 Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Oxide rouge 
 de, Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Protiodure 
 de, Hydrargyri iodidum — m. Protochlorure dcy 
 Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoxide, de, Hy- 
 drargyri oxydurn cinereum — m. Sotis-muriate 
 de, precipite. Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — :m. 
 Sous-sulfate de, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — m. 
 Sulphure de, noir, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ni- 
 grum^-m. Sulphure de, rouge, Hydrargyri sul- 
 phuretum rubrum. 
 
 MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'Us, Hydrargyr'i- 
 cum, Hydrargyr'ium. That which contains 
 mercury : one of the preparations of mercury. 
 
 MERCtlRIA'LlS, Mercuria'Us- an'nua, 
 French mercury. It has been esteemed cathar- 
 tic, hypnotic and cosmetic, and has been chiefly 
 used by way of lavement. See Chenopodium 
 Bonus Henricus. 
 
 Meecueialis Humoe, Humor melanchol'icus . 
 A supposititious humour with the older physi- 
 cians, out of which they presumed that morbi 
 melanchol'ici seu niercuria'les arose. 
 
 Merctjeiaus Peeen'nis, Cynocram'be, Cani'- 
 na Iras'siea, M. monta'na, M. Sylves'tris, 
 
MERCURIALISMUS 
 
 542 
 
 MERYCOLOGIA 
 
 Dog's mer'ctcry/ TBis plant is possessed of 
 acrq-naTCotic properties. . . , 
 
 MERCURIALISMUS, Hydrargyjriasis. 
 
 MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, ' Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriol^tus — m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus 
 acetatus — m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus aceta- 
 tus. ' , ' ' ■ 
 
 MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum— m. Acetatus, 
 Hydj^argyrusacetatiis — m^Alkalisatus, Hydrar- 
 gyrum cum creta — m. Calcinatus, Hydrargyri 
 oxydum^^rubrum — m. CausticuS flavus, Hydrar- 
 gyrus , vitriolatus — m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri 
 oxydum cinereum — m. Cinnabarinus,' Hydrar- 
 gyri sulphureturri rubrum — m. CoXallinus, Hy- 
 drargyri nitfico-oxydum — m. Corrpsivus, Hy- 
 drargyri oxymuilas— m. Corrosivus ruber,'Hy- 
 araf^ri;nitrico-oxydurr(^-m. Corrosivus subli- 
 matus, Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Cosmeticug, 
 Hydrargyrum praecijiitatum — m. Dulcis,' HyJ 
 drargyri submurias — m. Emeticus flavus, Hy- 
 drargyrus vitriolatus — m. Gummosu? Plenckii, 
 Syrupus de mercurio -mediWe gUmmi — m. 
 Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus— ml Mortis, 
 Algaroth — m. Niger Moscati, Hydrargyri oxy- 
 dum cinereum — m. Praecipitatus corrosivus, 
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxyduin — m. Praecipitatus 
 niger, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Sac- 
 charatus, I^ydrargyrum saccharaturri — m. So- 
 lubilis of Hahnemann, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum— m. Sublimatus dulcis, Jlydrargyri 
 submurias — m. cum Sulphure, Hydrargyri .sul- 
 phuretum nigrum — rn. Terrestris, Polygonum 
 hydropiper — m. Vitae, Algaroth — m. Zotieus 
 Hartmanni, Hydrargyri submurias. - 
 
 MERCURY, Hydrargyrum— m. Acetate of, 
 Hydrargyrus acetatus^ — m. Ammonio-chlo- 
 ride of. Hydrargyrum prsecipitatum— m. Bi- 
 chloride of, Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Bini- 
 qdide of, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum^ see 
 Iodine— m. Bisul{)huret of, Hydrargyri sul-. 
 phufetum~ rubriim^-m. Bromide of, see Bro- 
 mine — m. with Chalk, Hydrargyrum cum creta 
 ■^m. Chlorjde of, mild, Hydrargyri submu- 
 rias — m'. Cyanuret of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum 
 m. Deuto-iodide of, see Iodine — in. Dog's, Mer- 
 curialis perennis — m. English, Chenopodium 
 bonus Henricus — m. French, . Mercurial — m. 
 Iodide of, Hydrargyri lodidutn — m. Iodide of, 
 red, Hydrargyri Iodidum rubrum — m. lodo-ar-' 
 senile of. Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of — m. 
 Muriate of, corrosive, Hydrargyri oxynlurias 
 — m. Muriate of, mild, Hydrargyri submurias 
 — ^m. Nitrate of, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Nitric 
 oxyd of, Hydrargyri niti'ico-bxydum — m. Ox- 
 ide, of, black or gray, Hydrargyri oxydum cine- 
 reum — m.- Oxide of, red, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 rubrum — m. Oxymuriate of, Hydrargjrri oxy- 
 murias — m. Periodide of, Hydrargyri iodidum 
 rubrum— m. Phosphuretted, Hydrargyrus phos- 
 phoratus- m. Precipitate of, vi/hite. Hydrargy- 
 rum praecipitatum — m- Protochloride of, Hy- 
 drargyri submurias — m. Protoiodide of, see 
 Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine — m. Prus- 
 siate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum — m. Soluble, 
 Hydrargyri nitras — m. Submuriate of, Hydrar- 
 gyri submurias — m. Sulphuret of, black, Hy- 
 drargyri sulphuretum higrum — m. Sulphuret of, 
 red, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum, Realgar 
 — m. Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri 
 Sulphuretum nigrum — m. Tartrate of, Hydrar- 
 gyri tartras. 
 
 Mercurx and Arsenic, Iodide of. Arsenic 
 and Mercury, Iodide of — m. and Quinia, Proto- 
 
 chloride of, Hydrargyri et Quinias Protochlori- 
 dum. 
 
 MERD A, -Excrement. 
 
 MERDIVOMUS,, Copremetus. ■ 
 
 MERDUS, Excrement. 
 
 MkRB D;ES PIANS, Pian. 
 
 MERJiMPHRAX'IS, from ^tpoj, ' a part,' 
 and i/ifpaits, ' obstruction.' Obstruction or in- 
 farction of ati organ. 
 
 MERICUS, Local. 
 
 MERIDRO'SIS, Sudor partia'lis seu loea'Ua ; 
 from /itgps, 'a part,' and 'dQarn, 'sweating.' 
 A partial perspiration. ■ 
 
 MERIMNA, Cura. 
 
 MERIMNE,.Cura. 
 ' MERISIER, Prunus avium. 
 .MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial. 
 
 MER0BALNEU;M:, Rath; partial. 
 
 MEROCE'LE, Mirode'l'g, Merorix'if, Me- 
 rorrhex'is, frorii ^Egot, « the thigh,' and xijii;, 
 i' tumour;' Hernia cruralj,s seyi femora' lis. Fe- 
 moral or crural kerniay (F.) Hernie erurale ou 
 fimorale. In this hernia, the viscera issue from 
 the abdomen through the crural canal j or 
 through an opening immediately, on the outer 
 sidfe of Gimbernat's ligament, which gives pas- 
 sage to lyjnphatic vessels. This affection is 
 more frequent in' the female than in the male, 
 and especially in those who have had children. 
 The tumour, formed~by the merocele, is geije- 
 rally small, round, and more or less difficult of 
 reduction. In other respects, it possesses all 
 the characters of hernia. The neck of, the siac 
 lias, close on the outside, the epigastric artery; 
 above, the spei'matic cord and spermatic artery 
 in the male^-the round- ligament in the female,; 
 on the. inside, Gimbernat?s ligament; and^ be- 
 low the pubes. When the obturator artery 
 arises from the epigastric, it generally passes 
 on the Outside of and below .the orifice of the 
 sac ; sometimes, however, it takes a turn above, 
 and then to the inside of the opening. J. Clo- 
 quet asserts, _&at of 134 cases, in one only-did 
 he find the epigastric artery on the inside of the 
 orifice of the sac. 
 
 The operation, required in strangulation of 
 this variety, may be practised, on the aponeu- 
 rotic opening, by cutting downwards and in- 
 wards, on the side of Gimbernat's ligament. 
 
 MEROCOXALGIA, C6xalgia. 
 
 MERd'PIA, from fufi, 'a part,' and a\f, 
 'the eye.' A partial obscurity of vision. 
 
 MERORIXIS, Merocele. . 
 , MERORRHEU'MA,flA«a»»a«MW,fp'»r«»fl'- 
 lisy iSAi loca'lisy Rh. Membro'ruTn singul</rwin', 
 from ttifot, ' a part,' and ftufia, ' defluxion, rheu- 
 matism.' Rheumatism affecting a part. To- 
 pical or local rheumatism. ^ 
 
 MERORRHEXIS, Merocele. - 
 
 MEROS, Femur, Thigh. 
 
 MERRY- ANDREW. An itinerant quack, 
 who exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs and 
 markets. See Chaklatan. — ^So called from Dr. 
 Andrew Boorde; who lived in the reigns of 
 Henry VIII., Edward VI.,,End Queen Mary, and 
 who was in the habit of frequenting fairs and 
 markets at which he harangued the populace. 
 
 MERUS, Mera'cus,A'eratos)'j>\ae, genuine;' 
 as Vinum m^rzwi, unmixed wine. 
 
 Mebus, Femur, Thigh. 
 
 MERVINE MALE, Cypripedinm luteum. 
 
 MERYCISMUS, Rumination. 
 
 MERyCOLOG"IA, from (ic^vkw, ' I rumi- 
 
MESA 
 
 443 
 
 MESOCOLIC HERNIA 
 
 Bate,' and Joyoe, 'a,desoription.' Any workon 
 rumination may be so termed. 
 
 MESA, Genital organs. 
 
 MESAR^UM, Mesentery. 
 
 MESARAIC, Mesenteric. ' 
 
 MESEMAR, Mismar. 
 
 MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, 
 see S9da. 
 
 Mesemertan'themum Crystal'linum, M. 
 fico'i'deSjDi'amondJig-marygdli, lee-plant, (.F.) 
 Glaciate, Crystalline. It has been recom- 
 mended in dysuria, ischuria, and sdme 6ther af- 
 fections of the urinary organs. 
 
 M£.SENCAPHALE, Medulla oblongata. 
 Pons Varolii. • ^ ' 
 
 MtS'ENTERIC, Mesara'ic, Mesenter'iexis, 
 Mesara'icus, MesarsHciis ; from ^so-e»T«5 lor, or 
 fiEo-ajaioi', 'the mesentery.' That which relates 
 or belongs to the mesentery. 
 
 Mesenteeic Aetebies are two in number, 
 and distinguished' into, 1. The Superior mesen- 
 teric, which arises from the anterior part of the 
 abdominal aorta, below the coeliac. It imme- 
 diately descends to the left, forwards, behind 
 the pancreas, and in front of the third portion 
 of tiie' duodenum, — to. gain the superior, ex- 
 tremity of the mesentery, where it mates a 
 long curvature, the convexity of which is turned 
 forwards and to the left. Tovvards the termi- 
 nation of the ileum, it ends by anastomosing 
 with a branch of the A.'colica dexira inferior. 
 Ac its concavity, it gives off, the thWe Arteria 
 eolica dextrce, which belong to the great intes- 
 tine; and, at its convexity, it sends off fifteen 
 or twenty branches, which are distributed to 
 the snlall intestine, after having formed nu- 
 merous arches by their anastomoses. 
 
 2. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from 
 the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an 
 inch and a half before its termination. It de- 
 scends, on the left side, behind the peritoneum ; 
 engages itself in the substance of the iliae me- 
 socolon, forming a Considerable curvature, 
 whose convexity faces the left side. When it 
 reaches the brim of the pelvis, it passes along 
 the posterior separation of the mesorectum, and 
 attains the neighbourhood of thei anufe, under 
 the name Superior hemmrkoidal artery. It gives 
 off no' branch at its concave part ; but, from the 
 convex, the three Arteriascolicse sinistrx arise. 
 
 Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 Mesenterip Glands are the lymphatic gan- 
 glions of the mesentery. Through them, the 
 chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duct. 
 Their uses are unknown. When diseased, nu- 
 trition is interfered with, and atrophyproduced. 
 
 Mesenteric Hernia. If one of the layers 
 of the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the 
 other remains in its natural state,~the intestin.es 
 may insinuate themselves into the aperture, 
 and form a kind of hernia. It is not known 
 during life. 
 
 Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the 
 solar plexus, and have been distinguished into 
 superior and inferior ; like the mesenteric arte- 
 teries which they accompany. 
 
 Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are two in 
 Dumber, and belong to the vena porta. They 
 are distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesen- 
 teric or mesaraic ox great mesaraic. This trunk 
 receives, from above to below and on the right 
 side, the three vena colica dextrce and the Gas- 
 tro-epiploiea dextra. Into its left side, the veins 
 
 of the $hiall intestine open. It passes in front 
 of the transverse portion of the duodenum; 
 and, behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic 
 vein to concur in the formation of the vena 
 porta. I ' 
 
 The inferior or lesser mesenteric vein corre- 
 sponds fo the artery of the same name, and 
 opens into the splenic, near the union of that 
 vein with ths superior mesenterii, arid behind 
 the pancreas. 
 
 MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis. 
 
 MESENTERI'TIS, Mesenterii'tis, Emprea'- 
 ma p^ritoni'tis mesenter'iea, EtUeri'tis mese'n- 
 ter'iea, Inflam/mli'tion of the mesentery. The 
 pain is here deeper seated and more immediately 
 in the mesenteric region. The external ten- 
 derness is leSs than in some of the other va- 
 rieties of peritonitis. See Tabes JVIesenterica. 
 
 MESENTERIUM, Mesentery— m. Grassum, 
 Mesocolon. 
 
 MESENTERQNi Mesenteyr. 
 
 MES'ENTERY, Mesejater'ium, jHesarai'on, 
 Mesarce'um, Medialnum, Membra'^na pingtiis 
 intestino'rum, Laetes, Mesen'teron, Mtsera'iim, 
 Mesorte'urn, Mediiim intBsti'niim,, Epiehor'dis, 
 from /iia-af, ' in the middle,' and tnciiv, ' intes- 
 tine.' (F.) Mesentkre. A term in anatomy, 
 applied to several duplicatures of the peritone- 
 um, which maintain the different portions of the 
 intestinal canal in their respective situations; 
 allowing, however, more or less mobility. 
 They are! formed of two laminae, between which 
 are contained the corresponding portion of intes- 
 tine and the vessels that pass to it. One only 
 of these duplicatures has received the name 
 mesentery, properly so called. This belongs, to 
 the small intestine, which it suspends and re- 
 tains in -situ'. Its posterior margin, which is 
 the smallest, is straight, and descends obliquely 
 from the left side of the body of the second 
 lumbar vertebra to the-'right iliac fossa. Its 
 anterior margin is curved, undulating, plaited, 
 and . Corresponds to the whole length of the 
 small intestine. The mesentery contains, be- 
 tween the two laminae which form it, a num- 
 ber of lymphatic ganglions; the trunks and 
 branches of the mesenteric vessels;- the ner^ 
 vous plexuses accompanying them, and many 
 lacteals and lymphatics. 
 ' MESERA, Tutia. 
 
 MESER^USli. Mesentery. , 
 
 MESERAION, Mesentery. 
 
 MESIAMUM, Ailiceton. 
 
 MESMERIC, JHesm^r'icus. Relatingtomes- 
 merism or animal inagnetism : — as the ' mes- 
 nieric state,' ' mesmeric sleep,' Sec &c. 
 
 MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 MES'MERIZED, Mesmenza'tus, Kyp'no- 
 tized. Affected with mesmerism or animal 
 magnetism. 
 
 MESO, ^eooc, 'in the middle.' A -prefix to 
 certain words. 
 
 MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 
 MESOCjE'CUM. a name given to a dupli- 
 cature of the peritoneum, (in some persons 
 only,) at the posterior part 'of the caecum. 
 
 MUSOCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata. Pons 
 Varolii. 
 
 MESOCHON'D RI A C, Mesochondri'acus ; 
 from fiso-os, and ;fiivJ'|os, 'cartilage.' A name 
 given by Boerhaave to fleshy fibres situate be- 
 tween the cartilaginous rings of the trachea. 
 
 MESOCOL'IC HERNIA. Hernia is so 
 
MESOCOLON 
 
 544 
 
 METACARPAL 
 
 named by Sir Astley Cooper; when the Bowels, 
 glide between the layers of the mesocolon. 
 
 MESOCO'LON/ Mesoco'him, Mesentei'ium 
 crassum, from iKtirof, and-nuJor, ' the colorl.' A 
 name given to the duplicatures of the perito- 
 neum, which fix the different parts pf the colon 
 to the abdominal pajif tes. It , has received 
 different names, according to its situation. The 
 right lumhctr mesooolon fixes the ^ascending 
 colon to the corresponding , lumbar region. 
 The transverse 'mesocoton arises "from, the con- 
 cave arch of the colon, and forms a septum be- 
 tween the epigastric and umbilical regions. 
 Its inferior portion is continuous with the me- 
 sentery. The left lilmbar inesacolon, which 
 contains the ascending colon, . is continuous 
 below with the Iliap mesoeilon. • The last in- 
 cludes between its layers, the' sigmoid flexure 
 of the colon, and ends in' the mesorectum., 
 Under thp right kidney, it is narrow and firm, 
 and form? the right lig'ament of the colon: at 
 the under end of the left kidney, it forms the 
 left lig'hment of the colon. ^ 
 
 MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput. . 
 
 MESOCRANUM, Sinciput. . -r ~ 
 
 MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 MESODME, Mediastinum. 
 
 MESODMI'TIS, from /^jroifiu^,' the me'dias- 
 tinum,' and itis, ' inflam rtiation.' Mesotachi'tis,, 
 Mediastini'tisj Injlamvma'tio Tnedidsti'ni, In- 
 flammation of the mediastinum. 
 
 MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region. 
 
 MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.. - 
 
 MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus. 
 
 MESOGONIUM, internodium. , 
 
 MESOLO'BAR. Belonging to the Mesolobe 
 . or Corpus callo'^sum. ^ 
 
 Mesoloeae Aeteries, Arte'rise mesgloh'iea, 
 A. cor'poris calh'si ce/ebri, are the arteries of 
 the corpus callosum. ~ , 
 
 '' M&SOLOBE, Corpus callosum. , 
 
 MESOMER'IA., from ..soog, and ,««5«c, 'the 
 thigh.' , The garts of the body situate between 
 the thighs or hips. . 
 
 MESOMERION, Perinseum. 
 
 MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus. 
 
 MESOPHIiEB'IUM, from furog, ' in the mid- 
 dle,' and tfXi^jii'a vein;' Intervi'nium. The 
 space between. two veins. 
 
 MESOPH'RYON, Glabell'd, GabeVla, Inter- 
 cil'iwn, Meta'piti/m, Nasal eminefice. The part 
 between the ey brows; from fuaog, ' the middle,' 
 and otpgva, ' the eyebro'ws.' ' 
 
 MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space- 
 
 MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal. 
 
 MESORvEUM, Slesehtery; ■ 
 
 MESORECTUM. A hybrid word; from 
 iisao;, and rectum, ' the intestine rectum.' A 
 triangular reflection, forijied by the peritoneum, 
 between the posterior surface of the rectum and 
 the anterior surface of the sacrum. Between 
 the two layers of which the mesorectum is com- 
 posed are found much cellular tissue, and the 
 termination, of the inferior mesenteric vessels. 
 
 MESOS, Meso. 
 
 MESOSCELOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
 
 MESOSCELON, PerinEEum. 
 
 MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from Mesoscelon, 
 ' perinaeum,' and ipufia, ' swelling.' A tumour 
 of the perinaeum. ' 
 
 MESOTH'ENAR, from ^sm?, and 9iva^, 
 ' the thenar,' ' the palm of the hand.' A mus- 
 cle, which carries the thumb towards the palm. 
 
 WinsloW -applied the term to the abductor pol- 
 licis, united to the deep-seated portion of the 
 flexOr brevis poUicis. 
 
 MESOTTCA,. from ^tff05, 'middle.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the 
 quantity or quality of the intermediate or con- 
 necting sttbstance of organs ; without inflamma- 
 tion, fever, or other derangement of the ge'nefal 
 health.' ^ The first: Order, class Eceritiea of 
 Good.. ) • 
 MESOTGECHITIS, Mesodmitis. 
 MJJSOTCEC HIUM, "Mediastinum. , 
 MESOTCECHUM, Mediastinum. 
 MES'PILUS, Mespilus German'iea. The 
 medlar, (F.yNeflier. ,The fruit, (F.) Nefle, 
 and seeds of the medlaf have both been used 
 medicinally :— the immature fruit as an astrin- 
 gent, and the seeds in nephritic diseases. See 
 Crataegus Aria and Sorbus acuparla. 
 
 MESPitus.OxrAOAN'TBA, Oxyacanthai Spina 
 alba. White Hawthorn, (F.) Autepin^^ The 
 flowers, of this iincomtnon JEuropean _plant are 
 sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral; 
 
 META, /isTB, Meth',')if6', 'with,' 'together 
 with,' ' after,' 'change of foriM and plate'.' A 
 common prefix to words. Hence; 
 
 IViETAB'ASIS, Tran'situs, Metabo'U, Meta- 
 bol'ia, ]\XetcU'lage^ Metallax'isi fronj juiTapaiw, 
 'I digress.' A change of remedy, practice, 
 ^c.-i-Hippocrates. , ' 
 
 METABOLE', Metabasis,-TraBsformation. 
 , METABOLEL'OGY, Metabolelog"ia ; from 
 ficrafioln, 'change,' and Xoyog, 'a description,' 
 A description of the changes which supervene 
 in the,, course of a disease. ^ 
 - METABOLIA, Metabasis. 
 
 METAC AR'PAL, Metacarpia'misr (F.) Me'- 
 tacarpien. Relating or belonging to thie meta- 
 carpus,. - 
 
 MetaCarpai, Aeteet, Arte'ria dorsaUf me- 
 taear'pi, arises from the radial, at the mo- 
 ment it engages itself in the wpper extremity 
 of the abductor indicis. It descends ohldquely 
 upon -the back of the hand. Its branches are 
 distributed to the abductor indicis, and the in- 
 teguments : some communicate with the dorsa- 
 lis carpi. 
 
 Metacaepal AETitrui-A'TioNS are those by 
 which the last four metacarpal bones are united 
 together at their upper extrenlity. 
 
 Metacaepal Bonesj or bones which compose 
 the metacarpuSj are five in number; and dis- 
 tinguished into jfirsi, second, third, &q., begin- 
 iiing from the outer or radial sidgj They are 
 articulated by their superior extremity with 
 the bones of the second range of the carpus ; 
 and by the loWer with the first phalanges. 
 
 Metacaepal Lis'ament, Infe'nor palmar 
 Lig'ament, is a fibrous band, stretched traits- 
 versely before the inferior extremities of the 
 last four metacarpal bones, which it' keeps in 
 their respective positions; 
 
 Metacaepal Phalam'ges are the first pha- 
 langes of the fingers; so called, because they 
 are articulated With the bones of the laelacar- 
 pus. 
 
 Metacaepal Range or row of the carpal 
 bones, (F.) Rangee metaearpienne du carpe, is 
 the lower row of carpal'bones ; so called because 
 they are articulated with the bones of the nae- 
 tacarpus, It is composed of the trapezium, tra- 
 pezoides, magnum, and unciforme. 
 
METACARPEUS 
 
 545 
 
 METASTASIS 
 
 METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi mi- 
 nimi digiti. 
 
 M£TACARPIEN, Metacarpal— m. dw Petit 
 ■ doigt, Opponens ttiinimi digiti — m. du Paiics, 
 Opponens pollicis. ' ' > 
 
 METACARPION, Metacarpus. 
 METACARPO-PHALANGiEUS POLLI- 
 CIS, Adductor pollicis manus. 
 
 METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN, Metacar- 
 po-phalangia'nus, Metacarpo-phal'angal, (F.) 
 Metacdrpo-phalangien. That which belongs to 
 the metacarpus and phalanges. 
 
 Mietacarpo-Phalanghan or Metaoakpo- 
 Pbalangal Aetioulatiohs are formed by the 
 bones of the metacarpus and the corresponding 
 phalanges. In these articulations, the bony 
 surfaces are incrusted with cartilage, covered 
 by a synovial membrane, and kept in connexion 
 by means of an anterior and two lateral liga- 
 meots. 
 
 MeTACARPO-PHALANGIEN LATM- 
 S.AL SUS-PALMAIRE, ET MiTACAR- 
 PO-PHALAifaiEN LATlRAIi, Interosseus 
 manus. 
 
 METACARP'US, from iuta, 'after,'' and 
 carpus, 'the wrist;' Metacar'pion, Postbra- 
 chia'lej Postciir'pium.) Tarus ■manus, (F.) UTe- 
 taearpe. The part of the hand comprised be- 
 tween the carpus and fingers. It is coinposed 
 of five parallel bones, called metecar^a^; form-;' 
 ing the back of the hand, externally, and the 
 pahn internally. , 
 
 METACERASMA, Ccrasnia. 
 METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
 METACHIRISIS, Surgery. ■ -, 
 
 METAGHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
 METACHORESIS; Metastasis. - . 
 METACINEMA, Metastasis. 
 METACINESIS, Metastasis. 
 METACONDtLE, see Phalanx. 
 METACYE'SIS, from ^«t«, 'after,' and xvt,- 
 fftt, f pregnancy ;' i, Gra«ioJ'ita« extra-uteri'na 
 tscvnda'ria. Extraj-uterine pregnancy in which 
 the foetus is at first in the uterus, but subset 
 quently in some other place. 
 
 METADERMATQ'SIS, from fura,- 'after,' 
 and (Tfjiiuj.'skin.' A morbid development of 
 the epidermis or epithelium, 
 
 METAL, Metal'lum. A class of simple, 
 combustible bodies; distinguished from others 
 by considerable, specific gravity; a particular 
 splendour; almost total opacity; insolubility in 
 water; and, the property they have of ringing 
 when struck. Metals have no efiect, except of 
 a mechanical nature, when taken into the sto- 
 mach; unless they haVe already undergone, or 
 , imdergOj in the stomach, oxidation oi^ unioil 
 with an acid; vyhen several -most deleterious 
 compounds may be formed. Copper cents; 
 half-pence; quicksilver; lead, have frequently 
 been swallowed in the metallic state with im- 
 punity. Tin and mercury are the only metals 
 used to produce a mechanical effect; the former 
 as an anthelmintic, — the latter, idly enough, in 
 cases of fkncied intussusception. 
 MATALDES CLOCHES, Bell metal. 
 METALLAGE, Metahasis. 
 ■METALLAXIS, Metallage. 
 METALLIC VOICE, Tintement metalliqiie. 
 METALLODVN'IA, from utTalXoi, 'a me- 
 tal,' and oSviri, 'pain.' Pain owing to thein- 
 jurious influence of a metal — as lead, quicksil- 
 ver, &c. I 
 
 METALLUMjMetal — m-Htematopoeticum, 
 Ferrum. 
 
 METAMORPHOP'SIA, Phantasmascop'ia, 
 Phantastnatoscdp'id, from fceTa.f*o^^ox, (ftja, 
 and ficgm, 'form,') ' I transform,' and mv, 'the 
 eye.' ' , Stijfu'sio, Suffu'sio Oculo'rum, Suffu'- 
 sio metamorpho'sis, S. Myo'des, Imagination 
 (Maitre-Jean); Crupsia, Marmar'yge, Mar- 
 mor^ygi, Mac'ula ante oc'ulos volitan'tes\ Mu' 
 rau'gia, 06'ulimarmarygo'des,Ealse sight, (F.) 
 Berlue, Aberration of the sense of sight, which 
 transmits the itaage of imaginary objects. This 
 affection sometimes depends on a slight opacity 
 in the transparent parts of the eye ; the coriiea, 
 c'rystalline, Cr' vitreous humour, when it is 
 symptomatic anij of no consequence. At other 
 tiiftes, it appears to be idiopathic ; and occurs 
 particularly in those wjio'have been in the ha- 
 bit of constantly fixing their eyes on very bril- 
 liant or small bodies. The objects, fancied to 
 be seen, are various. They are sometimes cir- 
 cular, perpetually moving, or shining or black 
 spots, cobwebs, insectsj or pieces of Wood — 
 when they are often termed Miisca volitan'tes, 
 (F.) Mouches volantes, and the condition V^s^es 
 musca'rum, Scotom'ata, Suffuisio Myo'des, My- 
 iodeop'sia, JMyodeopsia, Visus ynusca'ritm. 
 These appearances sometimes contiilue for a 
 few days; being dependent on the state of the 
 nerves of the individual at the time ; or they 
 may eiist for life, and ultimately impair the 
 
 If the affection be symptdmatifc, it is of but 
 little moment. If idiopathic; and connected 
 with any excitement of the brain, which is not 
 often the case, attention will have to be paid to 
 that organ. 
 
 Metamorphosis ventriculi ge- 
 
 LATINIFORMIS,jGastronpalacia. 
 
 METANGISMOS, Decaiitation. 
 
 METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus. 
 
 METAPHRENON, Dorsum. 
 
 METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio. 
 
 METAPODIUM, Metatarsus. 
 / METAPOROPCE'IA, Metaporopbie'sis, from 
 /(era, 'after,' 710505, 'a pore,' and namt, 'to 
 make.' The change produced in the miniite 
 pores, in the capilleiry extremities of vessels, 
 — when they pass froni the i morbid to the 
 healthy condition. — Gialen. 
 
 METAPTO'SIS, Metaschematis'm'ns, Metas- 
 chemaVisis . Mutation,' change; iioia timmiTr- 
 Tui, (^6Ta, and irmtia, y I-fall,') 'I digress.' Any 
 change in the form or seat of a disease. 
 
 METARRHCE'A, Metar'rky sis, bom meta, 
 'change of form or placfe;' and ftw, 'I flow.' 
 Reflux. The transfer of a disease from with- 
 out to within, or from one part to another. 
 
 METARRHYSIS, Metrorrhcea. 
 
 METaSCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis. 
 
 METASCHEMATiSMUS, Metaptosis. 
 
 MET AS'T ASIS, Metachpre'sis, Metacine'ma, 
 Metacine'sis, from fjn^iartifjti, {/xstu, and fffraff-/?, 
 'place,') 'I change place.' Displace'ment, 
 Transla'tion. A change in the seat 6f a dis- 
 ease; attributed, by the Hunrorists, to the trans- 
 lation of the morbific matter to, a part different 
 from that which it had previously occupied: 
 and by the Solidists, to the displacement of the 
 irritation. It has also been used in the same 
 extensive sense as Metaptosis. Disputes have 
 often been indulged, whether a case of me- 
 tastasis ought not rather to be esteemed 
 
METASTATIC 
 
 546 
 
 MATHODJQUES 
 
 one of extension of the disease* The phenetoe- 
 na of gout and acute rheumatism are in^favoiir 
 of metastasis occasionally supervening. 
 
 Metastasis Laotis,' Galactoplariia, Phlegma- 
 tia dolens. 
 
 METASTAT'IC, Melvstaeiciis. . Belonging 
 or relating to metastasis. A metasfatil; crisis 
 is- one produced hy metastasis; — a'metastatii 
 affection, ' one caused by nietastasisj &c. See 
 Abscess, metastatic. 
 
 METASYN'CRISIS, from luywitw,'! com- 
 pose,' and /tero, which Indicates a cnange. Re- 
 composition. A word employed by sohie dis- 
 ciples of Asclepiades. This physician supposed,' 
 that all animals are formed by the union or as- 
 semblage of atoms. He designated all bodies 
 by the word o-uyxji/taTB j which signifies ' as- 
 semblage.' 'Stiyy.^tiiaS'ai, 'to be assembled,' 
 was, with him, synonymous with '*o exist;' 
 and i);ai£()«scr^«i, *to separate,' was, with him, 
 synonymous with 'to dissolve,' 'to cease to ex- 
 ist.' The word Metasyncrisis was invented 
 to express the recomposition of Updies after 
 their momentary dissolution. Some have ren- 
 dered the word by the Latin Recorporaitio. 
 
 METASYNCRIT'IC, MetasyncHt'ieus, Re- 
 eorporaii'vus. Belonging or relating to meta- 
 syncrisis. A name formerly given to medi- 
 cines to which was attributed the virtue of pro- 
 ducing the metasyncrisis or regeneration of the 
 body, or some of ifs parts. 
 
 Metastnomtio, Cycle meant a determinate 
 series of remedies employed for this purpose. 
 
 METATAR'SAL, Metatar'seus, (F.) Meta- 
 tarsien. Relating or belonging to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal AntRET, Artjere si^s-metatar- 
 sienne of Chaussier, arises from the Arteria dor- 
 sa'lis Tarsi ; passes transversely over the back 
 of the footj and furnishes, at its convexity, 
 which is anterior, three branches, called A.in- 
 teros'sea dorsa'les Pedis. These branches are 
 distributed in the interrosseous spaces. 
 
 Metatarsal AE-rrctiLA'TioNS are thosd re- 
 sulting from the junction of the metatarsal 
 bones with each other. They are strengthened, 
 behind, by dorsal, and plantar ligaments ; and 
 before, by a transverse metatarsal ligament^ 
 Which is plantar, arid has the greatest analogy 
 to the inferior-'transver^e metacarpal lig-ament. 
 
 Metatarsal Bones, (F.) Os metafarsiens, 
 are five in number, and distinguished, by their 
 number; first, second,, third, &c., reckoning 
 from the outer side. 
 
 Metatarsal PSalanses are the first pha- 
 langes of the toes; so called because -they are 
 united'to the metatarsus. 
 
 Metatarsal Row-^(F.) Rangee metatnrsi- 
 enne — of the bones of the tarsus, is the second 
 row, or that contiguous to the metatarsus; 
 comprehending the euboides and three cunei- 
 form bones ; some add the scaphoides. 
 
 METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi di- 
 giti pedis. 
 
 M&TATARSIEN, Metatarsal. 
 
 METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN, Metatar- 
 so-phalangia'nus^ Metatarso-phalangal. Re- 
 latitfg to the metatarsus and phalanges. 
 
 MetaTarso - Phalangian or Metataeso- 
 PHALANGfAL ARTICULATIONS are formed by the 
 bones of the metatarsus and the corresponding 
 phalanges. They bear the greatest analogy to 
 the metacarpo-phalangian articulations. 
 
 M£TA TARSO-PHALANGIBN-LA Ti- 
 
 RAL, see Interossei pediB--^m. Sous-pkalafigien 
 transversal du premierorteil,Tia.nsveisus pedis. 
 
 METATAR'SUS, Mitatar' sirnn, Ifletape'- 
 dium, Metapo'dium, PrtEcor'dium sen Solium 
 pedif, Vestig"iiim pedis, from utra, •' after,' and 
 Tci§iro(, 'the tarsus.' That part of fhe fpot 
 which is situate between the tarsus and toes, 
 corresponding with the metacarpus. It is com- 
 posed of five parallel bones ; one to each toe. 
 Like the metacarpal bones, they are developed 
 from two points of ossification. : 
 
 MET ATH'ESIS, from /xir=i.'r,9.r,/ti, C^bto, 
 aniziStifit;* to place,') ' I change place.' . Trans- 
 posif'io. An operation, by which a morbific 
 agent is removed from one place to another, 
 where it may produce less disturbance in the 
 exercise of the functions- — as, for example, 
 in the operation of depressing cataract, or when 
 calculus; in the urethra is pushed back into the 
 bladder. Also, Derivation. 
 
 METATOC'IA, boxtifina, ' change of form 
 or place,' and TOK'.s, 'birth.' Parturition in a 
 preternatural manner. Preternatural labour. 
 
 METATOPTOSIS, Diadejtis. 
 
 METENSOMA'J'OSIS, Incorporatioii.- . 
 
 METEORISMUS, Sublimation, Tympanites. 
 
 METEOROL'OGIf, Meteorolog"ia,ixom ni- 
 TEBgais, ' a meteor,' and' isyo;, /a discourse.' 
 The science, whose object is a knowledge of 
 the origin, formaUQn, appearancej &c. of me- 
 teors. The state of the atmosphere has a most 
 injportant bearing upon the Health of animals. 
 The whole range of epidemic affections have 
 their causes seated there. Meteorological ob- 
 servations have, hence, ever been attended to 
 by the physician for i\^e purpose of detecting 
 the precise character of any particular epidejnic 
 influence. The barorileter, thermoiheteri and 
 hygrometer are the instruments used with this 
 intent — to detect, as well the varying weight 
 or pressure, and the temperatiire, as the mois- 
 ture. Perhaps, of -the three conditions, the 
 last exerts more influence in the production of 
 disease than either of the others. Our know- 
 ledge, however, of this part of physics is ex- 
 tremely limited and unsatisfactory. 
 
 METER, fttn-Qov, 'a measure,' a sufiix to 
 words denoting ' a measure,' as in Ba,rometer, 
 Pleximeter, &c. 
 
 METH^MACHYMIA, Transfusion. ' 
 
 METHE, Temulentia. 
 
 METHEGLIN, Melizomum. 
 
 METHEMERINUS, iQuotidian. 
 
 METHOD, Meth'odus, from ^era, 'with,' 
 and oijoc, 'way.' This word has different ac- 
 ceptations in the sciences. In medicine, cmra- 
 tiye method,rmeth'odus medeii'di, is the metho- 
 dical treatment of disease. 
 
 METHOD, Mariano's-, see Lithotomy. 
 
 Method, Numer'ical, Method of Observation 
 of Louis, (F.) Methode zmmenque, donsist? in 
 observing every case and every symptom of a 
 case numerically, so as to ensure, as far, as-prac- 
 ticable, accuracy of observation ; and to enable 
 us by the analysis and collation of such facts to 
 deduce general laws and conclusions. Also, 
 the application of numbers to the study of 
 disease. See Statistics, Medical. 
 
 M&THODE NVMiRIQUE, Method, nu- 
 merical, Statistics, medical — m. Ferturbatriee, 
 Perturbktrix (Medicina.) 
 
 METHODICS, Methodists. 
 
 MMTHOBIQUES. Methodists. 
 
METH'ODISTS 
 
 547 
 
 METROPERITONITIS 
 
 METH'ODISTS, Metkod'ical sect. Metho- 
 dic!, (F,) MithodUtes, Methodiquts. A sect 
 of physicians whose doctrine was in vogue after 
 that of the Empirics and Bogttiatists, towards 
 the end of the first century. According to the 
 Methodists, of whom Theraison was the chief, 
 almost every disease was dependent oh contrac- 
 tion or ' relaxation ; — stH-ettim or laayiim. To 
 thfese two causes, they added a third — mixed oi 
 compound — to include -those ' affections which 
 partook of the two chairacters. The doctrine, 
 medici'na, method'ica, resemhled, in some re- 
 spects, that of ' Brown, , 
 
 METHODOL'OGY, (MEDICAL), Metho- 
 dolog"ia Med'ica,tioin iu6<ii<ie, 'method,' and 
 Myos', ' a discourse.' A word used, by the 
 French more especially, td signify method ap- 
 plied to the study of any science. Medical Me- 
 thodology^ consequently, means method applied 
 to the study of medicine. 
 
 METHODUS CATALtePTICA, see Cata- 
 leptic — m. Celsiana, see Lithotomy— m. Cura- 
 toria. Therapeutics. 
 
 MEfHODUs Deeivato'eia. The derivative or 
 revellent system of treatinent. 
 
 Methodus Ehdermatica sen Endermioa, see 
 Endermic — m. Francohiana, see Lithotomy — 
 m. Gnytoniana, see Lithotomy — m. Medendi, 
 Method of cure. Therapeutics. 
 
 METHOMA'NIA,from/tsalI,'drunkenness,^ 
 and liaviat, 'mania.' An irresistihle desire for 
 intoxicating substances. Teniiulentia. 
 
 METHYSMtJS, Temulentia. 
 
 METODONTI'ASTS ; iioxn: ^tra, 'in the^ 
 sense of change,' and oJovTioiris, ' dentition.' 
 Faulty development of the teeth. 
 
 METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
 
 METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 
 METOPANTRAL'GIA, front ^stutov, (^5- 
 ra., and w)^,' ' the eye,') ' the forehead,' ovTgoV, 
 ' a cavity,'^and aXyos, ' pain.' Paih' in the fron- 
 tal sinuses. 
 
 METOPANTRI'TIS, Tnflamma'tio si'nuwm 
 frania'lium, froin jketiotov, ' the forehead,' ay- 
 Tf op, 'a cavity,' and ilia, denoting inflammation 
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
 
 METOPION, Bubon.galhahum. 
 
 METOPIUM, Mesophryon. 
 
 METOPODTNIA, Neuralgia frontalis. 
 
 METOPON, Front, Frontal bone. . 
 
 METOPOS'COPY, Metoposeop'ioi ^om fct- 
 tbtov, 'the forehead,' 4nd o-xos-s/f, 'to view.' 
 The art of knowing the temperament and cha- 
 racter of a person, ■ by inspecting the traits of 
 his forehead or face. See Physiognomy. 
 
 METRA, Uterus. 
 
 METR^MORRHAGIA, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 METRAL'^IA, Metrodyn'ia,, frOm ftritqa, 
 'the wombj' and »iyos, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 Uterus. 
 
 METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion 
 of the. 
 
 METRATRE'SI A, Imperfora!tio u'ten, from 
 layrqa., ' the womb,' and «Tgi/»'i«, ' imperfora- 
 tion.' An unnatural closure of the uterus. 
 
 METRELCO'SIS, Metrhelco'sis, from fitixqa, 
 ' the womb,' and 'iXxoq, ' an ulcer.' Ulcera- 
 tion of the uterus. ' 
 
 METREMPHRAX'IS, from ^i^xqa, < the ute- 
 rus,' and ifi^Qaa-rm, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction 
 of the womb or of the vessels of the womb-^ 
 Iv/arc'tus u'teri. A name under which some 
 authors have confounded chronic inflammation 
 
 of that viscu8,,and the diiferent degenerations 
 to which it is exposed. 
 
 METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
 
 METREN'CHYTA, Metren'chytes, from /tij- 
 Tg<t, ' the uterus,' and cfxvm, ' I inject.' In- 
 jection of th6 uterus. Substances injected into 
 the uterus are also called Metren'chyta. 
 • METREURYS'MA; from ^.i/rpc, and TOguj, 
 ' dilated.' ' A morbid dilatatioU of the womb. 
 
 METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis. 
 
 METRIOPATHI'A,from/£STg»f,'tem|pefred,' 
 and sra^oc,' affection.' State of an individual 
 •whose passions are temperate. 
 
 METRI'TIS, from ftijTffa", 'the womb ;' Fe- 
 bris uteri'iia, Hysteri'tisi Empres'ma Hjftteri'- 
 tis, Inflamma'tio, TJ'teri, Metrophlogo'sis,- In- 
 fiammation of the Uterus or Womb; (F.) In- 
 flafn/hiq.tion de la matrice. The characteristic 
 symptoms of this afifection are : — pain, swelling, 
 and tenderUess in the hypogastric region; with 
 heat, pdin, and tenderness of the os uteri; vomits 
 ing, smallness, and frequency of pulse. It oc- 
 curs most frequently after delivery, when 
 there is generally suppression of the lochial 
 discharge. The treatment must be vigorous, 
 -^bleeding early, so as to make a decided im- 
 pression ; lollowed by a lull dose of opium, 
 fomentations, blisters, &c. 
 
 Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in 
 its internal membrane, Endo-metri'tis, has been 
 called Infldmma'iio catarrka'lis u'teri or Acute 
 catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe aigu, of tbat viscus. It 
 is known by the discharge of a eleari stringy 
 fluid per vaginal; preceded by pains; which, 
 from the hypogastric region, shoot to the thighs, 
 gEoins-,,&c.j with more or less fever. It requires 
 the antiphlogistic treatment. Chronic metritis 
 sottietimes succeeds the acute. To it must be 
 referred the indurations, observed in 1;he uterus, 
 and many of the leucorrheal discharges to which 
 females ate subject. ' 
 
 Metritis Septioa, Metrocace — m. Vehosa, 
 see Phlebitis. 
 
 METROBLENNORRHCEA, Leucorrhcea 
 uteri. 
 
 METROC'ACE," Meiri'tif sep'tica: from 
 /KjjTpa, ' the womb,' and xoxoc, ' evil.' Putres- 
 cency or gangrene of the uterus. 
 
 METROCAMPSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 METROCARCINO'MA, iryiferocarCTmo'mo, 
 U'teri earcino'ma, Cancer u'teri, from /urjiga, 
 ' the uterus,' and zajxjvuijMa, ' cancer.' Cancer 
 of the uterus. 
 
 METROCELIDES, N*vus. 
 
 METROCHOLO'SIS, from ^ijff «> ' tlie "te- 
 rns ;' and x^hg, ' bile ;' Febris puerpera'lis 
 'bilio'sa. 
 
 METRODYNIA, Metralgia. 
 
 METROH^'MIA, Hypermetrohemie, from 
 f'V'ia, ' the uterus,' and 'a<yt«, ' blood.' Hy- 
 persemia or congestion of blood. 
 
 METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia. 
 
 METROLOXIA, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 METROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 METROMALACOSIS, Hysteromalacia. 
 
 METROMANIA, Nymphomania. "- 
 
 METROP ATHI'A, from ,k.(t{>«, ' the womb,' 
 and na6o<, 'affection.' An affection of the womb. 
 
 m£tro-p£ritonite PUERPARALE, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 METROPERITONI'TIS, from |«i,Tsa, "the 
 uterus,' and ' peritonitis.' Injlamma'tia-u'teri et 
 
METROPHLEBITIS 
 
 543 
 
 MIASMATIC 
 
 peritonsei. Inflammation of the uterus and peri- 
 toneum. Puerperal Fever. See Peritonifis. 
 
 METROPHLEBI'TIS, from ^r,ri<t,'the ute- 
 rus,' ^2iV, ' a vein,' and*«i«,' denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. 
 
 METROPHLEBITIS Pu£i»PEB.ALis,'see Phle- 
 bitis, 
 
 METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis. - , 
 . METROPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis, meri'nd; from 
 jKijTgot, ' the uterus,' and 9^110, ' I consume.' 
 Consumption from uldgration of the. uterus j— - 
 Viscera seu Helco'sis u'teri. 
 
 METaOPOL'YPIJS, Sys'tero-poVy^s, Po- 
 lyjms U'teri, from ^iJjTga, 'the uterus,' and 
 polypus. I Polypus of the uterus. 
 
 METROPROPTOSI«, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 METRORRHAG"IA,JI/etramorrAag'"M,irffl- 
 morrhagia' uteri'na, S. u'teri;^ Sangurfiux'us 
 titeri'nuS) San'guinis stiUicid'iwm ab Vtero, 
 ■Fluor uteri'ni san'guinis ) Ptojbi/v^it^m San'- 
 .guinis ex u'tero ; . Jlysterorrhag^'ia sanguin'^ 
 ea, JRysterorrhoi'a, HaeniorrhcB'a uteri'na (of 
 some), Menorrha'gia (of some), Uterine He- 
 morrhage,. Herriorrhage frotn the Womb) Me- 
 trokemorrhage, Hsentatome'tra, Hcematoma'tray 
 (F.) Hemorrhagie de laMatrice, Pertes, Pertes 
 ilterines rouges, P. de sang, from' jUiyTg*, .' thp 
 ■womb,' and gijyvu^i, ' I break forth,' An effu- 
 sion of blood fropi the inner surface of the ute- 
 rus, either at the menstrual or other periods ; 
 but in a greater quantity than proper. Uterine 
 hemorrhage may be caused by those influences 
 which produce hemorrhage in general. It hap- 
 pens, however, more frequently during preg- 
 nancy, and during or -after delivery, when the 
 vascular system of the uterus is so circum- 
 stanced as to favour its occurrence more than at 
 other periods. The termination of metrorrha- 
 gia is usually favourable. Should it, howevp, 
 be very copious, pr frequently recur ; orisjiould 
 it happen to a great extent after delivery, death 
 may occur very speedily; and, in some cases, 
 ■without the discharge being perceptible ; consti- 
 tuting internal hemorrhage. 
 
 Uterine hemorrhage may be active 01' -pas- 
 sive; requiring obviously a different treatment. 
 The general mahSgemeht is similar to that 
 of hemorrhage in general, as the horizontal 
 posture : acid drinks ; free admission of cool 
 air ; cold applications to the loins, thighs, and 
 abdomen; injection of cold water, even of iced 
 water, into the vagina; plugging the vagina, 
 so as to, prevent the discharge ;per fa^^ajra, 'and 
 thus induce a coagulum in the mouths of the 
 bleeding vessel. : Such will be the special '^z.ti 
 adopted where the hemorrhage has occurred in 
 one not recently delivered. In uterinehemor- 
 rhage, after delivery, the same cooling plan 
 must be followed; but, as the flow of blood is 
 owing to the uterus not contracting so as to 
 constringe its vessels, pressure must be made 
 on the abdomen to aid this ; and, if necessary, 
 the hand must be introduced into the uterus to 
 stimulate it to contraction. Should the female 
 be excessively reduced, so as to render the ac- 
 coucheur apprehensive that she may expire 
 irom loss of blood, brandy may be exhibited. 
 The profuse exhibition of opium in such cases, 
 is, at least, a doubtful plan. 
 
 Transfusion hasj at times, been practised as 
 a last resource. 
 
 METR0RRHEU'MA,BA8?»»fl«i*'m«i IT'fen 
 
 Hysteral'giarheumat'iea, seU oatarrha'lis, (F.) 
 Rkumatisme de I'uterus; from /^iirQa, ' the 
 womb,' ahd S«"^*i, 'defluxion, rheumatism.' 
 Rheumatism of the uterus. 
 METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 METRORRHCE'i., from /M^Te'a,- 'the uterus,' 
 and {siti, ' I flow.' A^protractfed discharge of 
 any fluid from the uterus. 
 
 METROSClR'miV&,Itysteroscir'rhus,Scir- 
 rhus seu Carcino'ma u'teri ; iTdm'fairqa, ' the 
 womb,' ajido-xisjos, 'scirrhus.' Scirrhus of the 
 uterus. 
 
 MET'ROSCOPE,Jfrtro«cp;)'iMOT:from/i);Tga, 
 ' the uterus,' and awma,, ' to view.'' An instru- 
 ment, invented by M. Nauche, for listening to 
 the SDunds of tire heart of the foetus in utero- 
 gestation, when the sounds and movements are 
 imperceptible through the parietes of the abdo- 
 men,. The extremity of the instrument^the 
 first ^notion of which was given to M. Nauche 
 by the stethoscope of Laennec — is introduced 
 into the vagina and applied against the neck of 
 tii6 uterus • 
 
 METROSTERE'SISi fVom ^ijrfa, 'the ute- 
 rus,' and aTtqririi, 'privation.' Extirpation of 
 the, uterus. Want of uterus. 
 METROTOMIA, Casarean section. 
 MEU, ^thusa meum. 
 MEUlJlkRE,Uo\a.T. 
 MEUM, ^thusa meuni. 
 MEURTRISSURE,CoiA\isioTi. 
 MEVIUMj Sjrphilis. 
 ME-ZEA, Genital organs. .' 
 MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum. 
 , JVIIAMMA, Miasma. 
 MIANSIS, Miasma. 
 MIARIA, Miasma; 
 
 MIAS'MA, Miasm, laavfia, ' a stain,' fh>m 
 jiistiviu, ' I contaminate ;' Miam'ma, Mian' sis, 
 Mia'ria, Mias'mus, Inguinamen'tum, Molyn'- 
 sis, Conta'giiim. The word miasm has, by 
 some, been employed synonymously -with con- 
 tagion. It is now used more, definitely for any 
 emanation, either from the bodies of the sick, 
 or from animal and vegetable substances, or 
 frorh the earth, especially in marshy districts, 
 (Marshpoison,Effiii'viumpalus'tre, Gas palus'- 
 tre^ (F.) Into!ci(>ation des Marais,) which iBay 
 exert a morbid influence on those who are ex- 
 posed to its action. To these terrestrial ema- 
 nations — ^the Koino-mi&s'mata of Dr. E. Miller 
 of New York — the Italians ^ive the name aria 
 cattiva, but, more commonly, malatria; a word 
 which has been adopted into other languages. 
 The deleterious effluvia, originating from the 
 decomposition of matter derived from the human 
 body, have been called by Dr .-Miller, Idiomias'- 
 mata; the epithets Koino and Idio being derived 
 respectively from xmvot, 'common,' and iJiot, 
 ' personal.' Of the miasms which arise either 
 from the animal body or from the most un- 
 healthy situations, we know, chymically, no- 
 thing. All that we do know is, that, under such 
 circumstances, emanations take place, capable 
 of causing disease in many of those who are ex- 
 posed to their action. 
 
 MIASMATIC, Miasmat'ims. Belonging or 
 relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in his classi- 
 fication of diseases according to their etiology, 
 has a class under the name Morbi miasmat'iei. 
 A fever that arises from marshy miasms, is 
 styled mala'rious, palu'dal, Helop'yra, Selo- 
 pyr'etus, &c. 
 
MIASMUS 
 
 549 
 
 MILIUM 
 
 MIASMUS, Miasma. 
 MIC^ PANIS, see Triticum. 
 MICATIO CORDIS, Systole. 
 MICHE'LIA CHAM'PACA, Champ(iqa,Mi- 
 ekelia.Tsjampaca. An Oriental tree, much 
 prized for the odour and beauty of its flowers. 
 The oily infusion of the flowers is employed in 
 the Moluccas in headache. - 
 
 MICLE'T A : A medicine used by MesUe for 
 arresting hemorrhage^ probably, according to 
 Siebenhaar,from the kxa^^ic^miehniita, " proved 
 by experience." 
 
 MICOSIS, Frambcesia. 
 
 MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
 
 MICRENCEPHALTJM; Cerebellum. 
 
 MICROCEPH'ALUS, Microcra'nius, from 
 ji/xjos, 'small,' and xeifuXii, 'head.' , One who 
 has a small h^d. A monster having a small 
 imperfect head, or a small imperfect cranium. 
 
 MI'CROCOSM, Microcos'mus, from /^ixQif, 
 'little,' and xon/405, 'world.' A little world. 
 Some philosophers have given this appellation 
 to man, whom they consider as the epitome of 
 all that is admirable in the world. The world 
 they call Macrocosm. 
 
 MICROCQSMETOR, Vital principle. 
 
 MICROCOSM'ICA MACHI'NA. The or- 
 ganism of man. 
 
 MiCRocosMicA SoiENTiA, Physiology. 
 
 M4CR0C0SMICUM SAL, with the ancients 
 meant the salts ofthe urine, — Sal ■uri'nai 
 
 MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology. 
 
 MICROCOUST'IC, Mierocus'ticus, frdm fu- 
 x|oc, ' small,' and axouiu,. ' I hear.' This word, 
 as well as Microphonous, from nixgm, ' small,' 
 and (jioivij, 'voice,' means any thing that con- 
 tributes'to increase the intensity of sound— as 
 the speaking trumpet — by collecting the sono- 
 rous rays. 
 
 MICROCRANIUS,- Microcephalus. 
 
 MICROGLOS'SIA, from ^wjot^ ' small,' and 
 yjoiirira, 'tongue.' Original smallness of tongue. 
 
 MICROLEUCONYMPHiEA, Nymphaa 
 alba. ' ■ . . 
 
 MICROM'ELUSi Himim'eles, from fttxqot, 
 • small,' andiiE^os, 'alimb.' A monster having 
 imperfectly developed extremities. 
 
 MICROMMATUS, Mrcrophthalmus. 
 
 MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustic. 
 
 MICROPHTHAL'MUS,.iffiicTO?»WM«,from 
 fiixqo?,' Vittle,' and 6ip-9aifio;, 'eye.' One who 
 has small eyes. A monster with two small, or 
 imperfectly developed eyes. A small eye, — 
 Ophthalmid^ium, 0ph.ihal'm.iuvi, 
 
 MICROJPODIA, Micropiis. 
 
 MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'piis; from fii- 
 xQog, ' small,' and wpoomiov, ' face.' A monster 
 in which a part of the face is absent. 
 
 MI'CROPUS; fromjitxgoc, ' small,' and ttouc, 
 ' foot.' Onfe who has Small feet. The condi- 
 tion is called Micropo'dia, 
 
 MICROR'CHIDES; from^tixpos, 'small,' and 
 6p/ic, ' a testicle.' They who have very small 
 testicles. 
 
 MI'CROSCOPY,M(croMoy«Km;from/iiix5os, 
 ' small,' and axoTitj, ' a view.' Observation by 
 the microscope ; an important agency in the 
 examination of the healthy and morbid tissues. 
 
 MICROSPHYC'TUS, same etymon as the 
 next. One who has a small pulse. 
 
 MICROSPHYXIA, from hixqos, and nqjuy^iof , 
 'pulse.' Smallness or weakness of pulse. 
 
 MICRO'STOMUSi from ;i<ixgo«, 'small,' and 
 ara/ia, ' moyth.' . One who has a small mouth. 
 
 MICRpTE'SrA,Pa?''^i««z orga7dca'rn7n par'- 
 vitas morho'sa; from jiiixgoT>;s, 'smallness.' 
 Morbid smallness of organic parts. 
 
 MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia. 
 
 MICROTRICH'IAi from ^i.xpos,; ' small,' 
 and 5pit, ' hair.' Fineness or shortness of hair. 
 
 MICROTKOPHIA, Leptotrophia. 
 
 MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruen^, Haema-, 
 turia — m.. Inopportuna, Enuresis — m,. Involunr 
 taria. Enuresis — m. Sangu'inea, Hoematuria. 
 
 M1CTDRIT"I0N, Miiitio, Mictus, Un'sis, 
 tfri'asis, Omicke' sis, pom micturio, 'I make 
 water^' The act of making, water. Also, mor- 
 bid frequency of passing the water. 
 
 MICTUSj Micturition — ni. Criientu^, Haeraa- 
 turia. 
 
 MIDRIFF, Diaphragm. , 
 
 M IlJ"WIFE, from mib, ' with,' and pip, 'wifej' 
 Qr, from mife, 'meed,', ' recoippense,' and pir, 
 ' wife.' Matro'na, P^stet'rix, Ht/pere'tria, Maed, 
 Maeas, Mseu'tria, Aces'tpris,, Aces' iriS) A ces'tria, 
 (E.ySage femme. Accoucheuse, A female who 
 practises obstetrics. 
 
 MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics. 
 
 MIEL, Mel — m. d'Acetate de Cuivre, Liui- 
 mentum aeruginis — m.Mercuriflle compose^lHiA- 
 litum de mercuriali compositum. 
 
 MIEUTER, Accoucheur. 
 
 MIGMA, Mistura. 
 
 MIGRAINE, Hetnicrania. 
 
 MIGRANA, Hemicrania. 
 
 MIKANIA GUACO,'Guaco. 
 
 MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium. 
 
 MILIAIRE, Miliary fever. . . 
 
 MILIARIA, Miliary fever— m. Sudans, Mi- 
 liary fever — m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor angliciw, 
 S. pitardicus. 
 
 MILIARY (FEVER,) Emphly'sis milia'ria. 
 Miliaria, M. sudanS, Milia'ris, M. sudato'ria. 
 Sudor, S. milia'ris, Pap'ula .milia'ris, Febris ■ 
 m.iliaris, Exanthe'ma Tniliaria; Syn'ockus- mi- 
 liaria, Aspre'do milia'cea, Ffhris essero'sa, F. 
 puncticv-la'ris, F. culicula'ris, F. iSesicula'ris, 
 i**. lenLicula'ris, Fur' pur a> puerpera'ruTrt, P. mi- 
 lia'ris, Febris purpwra'tS rfibra etalba milia'ris, 
 Pap'tilcB sudo'ris'. Millet-seed rash, (F.) Mili- 
 aire, Millot, Pourpre blanc. Millet. It ii so 
 called from the eruption resembling the seed of 
 the milium or millet. Fever, accompanied by 
 an eruption of small, re;!, isolateil pipiples, 
 rarely confluent, but almqst always very nu- 
 merous, slightly raised above the skin, and pre- 
 senting, at the end of 24 hours, a small vesicle 
 filled with a white transparent fluid; which 
 quickly dries up, and separates in the form of 
 scales. Miliary fever is now rare, in conse- 
 quence of the cooling practice in fevers and 
 other states of the system. It is almost always 
 brought on by external heat, and hence the pre- 
 vention is obvious. The treatment is simple. 
 It requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, 
 in ordinary cases. 
 
 MiLrAEY Granulations or Tubercles, see 
 Granulation. 
 MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italicum. 
 
 MILIOLUM. Diminutive of miliv/m, 'mil- 
 let.' Cenchrid'ion. A small tumour on the' 
 eyelids, resembling, in size, a millet-seed. 
 MILITARIS HERB A, Achillea millefolium. 
 MILIUM, Grutum, Panicum miliaceum, see 
 
MILK 
 
 550 
 
 Hydatid — m. Indicum, Panicum Italicum_in. 
 SolisjLithosperraum officinale. , 
 
 MILK, Sax. meolcj Lac, Gala, Sv/imrlac'- 
 teus. Latex ni'veus, (F.) Lait, A fluid^ se- 
 creted by the mammary glands of the' females 
 of the mammalia. ' The skimmed milk of the 
 cow, (F.) Lait de Vache, coiitains wkter, caseous 
 matter, traces of Iiutter, sugar of milk, chloride 
 of sodium, phosphate, and acetate o^ potass, 
 lactic acid, lactate of iron, and earthy phos- 
 phate. The cream is formed of butter, casein, 
 and whey, in which there is sugar of milk and 
 salts. Cow's milk is employed for the prepa- 
 ration of cream,, butter, cheese', whey; sugar of 
 iliilk, and frangipane. It is useful in a number 
 of eases of poisonihg ; either by acting as a de- 
 mulcent, or by decomposing certain ' poisons, 
 or by combining with others so as to neutralize 
 them. It is constantly employed as aliment, 
 and may be regarded as an emulsion in tyhich 
 butter and casein are found in suspension. 
 When taken into the stomach, it is coagulated 
 by the gastric fluids; and the coaguluni is di- 
 gested like Einy other solid. ■ The watery jarts 
 are absorbed. , , - ' 
 
 B'etweenmilk; flour, and blood, there is great 
 similarity' of composition. The following table 
 is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson : 
 
 Blobd. 
 Fibrin, 
 Albumen, 
 Casein, 
 Colouring 
 matter. 
 Fat. 
 
 MILLIMETRE 
 The Roquefort cheeses are made 
 
 Flour. 
 
 •Fibrin, 
 
 Albumen, 
 
 Curd or Casein, \ Casein, 
 
 Gluten. 
 
 Butter,, 
 Sugar, , 
 
 ^Oil. 
 Sugar, 
 Starch. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Chloride of potassium, ' 
 
 sodium. 
 
 Phosphate of soda, 
 
 ^ lime, 
 
 ; magnesia, 
 
 — iron. 
 
 From a considerable number of expeririients, 
 Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six 
 Jkinds of milk, which they examined, according 
 to the following table, as regards the relitive 
 quantity of materials they contain. 
 
 }sug;a 
 
 Casein. 
 
 Butter. 
 
 Sugar of 
 Milk. 
 
 Serum. 
 
 Goat 
 Sheep , 
 Cow 
 
 Sheep 
 
 Cow 
 
 Goat, 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Ass 
 
 Woman 
 
 Mare 
 
 Woman 
 
 Ass 
 Mare 
 
 Cow ,_ 
 
 Goat 
 
 Sheep' 
 
 Cow 
 Goat 
 Sheep 
 
 MiiiK, Almond, Emulsio amygdalae.. 
 
 Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'Anesse, considera- 
 bly resembles human milk, of which it has the 
 consistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a 
 little less cream, and more soft, caseous matter. 
 It is often used by those labouring under pul- 
 monary affections. 
 
 Milk, Ewes', (F.) Lait de BreUs. It affords 
 more cream than cows' milk; but the butter is 
 sbfter. The caseum, on the contrary, is fatter, 
 and more viscid. It contains less serum than 
 
 cows' milk, 
 from it. 
 ' Milk Glass, Breast glass. 
 
 Milk, GdATs', (F,) Lait de Chivre, resembles 
 cows' milk : the butyraeeous matter, however, 
 which enters into its composition, is more solid 
 than thcit- of the cow. 
 
 Milk, Human, (F.) Lait defemme, — contains 
 more sugar, milk, and-cream, and less caseum, 
 than cows' milk. Its composition differs ac- 
 cording to the distance of time from, delivery. 
 
 Milk Knot, Galacto-gan'gKon ; {F.) Gan- 
 glion laiteux. The knots often observed in the 
 breast after inflammation of the prgb,n, or for 
 some time after the suppression of the secre- 
 tion. They geijerallyend by resolution. 
 Milk, Males', Sperm. 
 Milk, Makes',. (P.) Lait de Jzcment,-,-coa- 
 taihs only a small quantity of fluid butyraeeous 
 matter; a little caseum, softer than that of cows* 
 milk, and more seriim. 
 MiLE,ScALL,Porrigo larvalis. 
 Milk Sickness, Siei stomach, Swamp aiek- 
 ne'Sj Tires^ Slaw's, Stiff joi-nts. Puking fever., 
 River sickness. A disease, occasionally ob- 
 served in the states of Alabataa, Indiana, and 
 Kentucky, which afects both man and cattle, 
 but chiefly the latter. It is attributed.in cattle 
 to something eaten' or drunk by them; and in 
 man to the eating of the flesh of anirna!ls la- 
 bouring under the disease. Owing to the tr^ 
 mors that characterize it in animals, it is called 
 the Trembles. , ^ , *• 
 
 The symptoms of the disease are such as are 
 produced by th^ acro-narcotic class of poisons 
 -p-vomitihg, purging, .^^treme nervous agita- 
 tion, &C.1. and the approved indications of treat- 
 ment appear to be — gentle emetics and laxa- 
 tives, with quiet and mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Milk, Snakes', Euphorbia coroUata — m. 
 Spots, Strophulus— ni. Stone, Morochthus— m. 
 Sugar of. Sugar of niilk—m, of Sulphur, Sulphur 
 praecipitatum — m. Sweet, Gfalium verum— m. 
 Tee.th, see Dentition — m. Vetch, Astragalus 
 verus^m. Vetch, stemless. Astragalus exscapus 
 — m. Weed, Apocynum androsEemifolium, As- 
 clepias Syriaca, Euphorbia coroUata— m. Woit, 
 bitter, Polygala amara — m. Wort, common, 
 Polygala^m. Wort, dwarf, Polygala paucifolia 
 — m. Wort, rattlesnake, Polygala. 
 
 MILKY, Lactic. ' -' 
 
 , MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum catharticum. 
 MTLLEfEUILLE,. Achillea millefolium. 
 MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium. 
 MILLEMORBIA SCKOPHULARIA,'Scro- 
 phularia nodosa. 
 
 MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli. - 
 _ MitL'EPERTUIS ORDINAIRE, Hype- 
 ricum jperfo/atum. 
 
 MILLET, Aphthae, Miliary fever— m. Bar- 
 badoes, Panicum Italicum— m. Common, Pani- 
 cum miliaceum- m. Indian, Panicum Italicum 
 — 'm. des Oiseaux, Panicum Italicum — m. Ordi- 
 naire, Panicum miliaceum. 
 
 MILLET-SEED RASH, MiUary fever. 
 MILLIGRAMME, from mille, 'a thousand,' 
 and y^anfitt, ' a gramme.' Tie thousandth part 
 of a gramme; — about 0.0154 Troy grain. 
 MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra. 
 MILLIMETRE, from m.ille, 'a thousand,' 
 and ^sT^ov, 'measure.' The ftousandth part 
 of the metre;— equal to 0.03937 English inch, 
 or about two-fifths of a line. 
 
MILLOT 
 
 551 
 
 MISTURA 
 
 Jifliior, Miliary fever. 
 
 MILPH^, Madarosis. 
 
 MILPHOSIS, Madarosis. 
 
 MILT-LIKE TUMOUR, Encephaloid. 
 
 MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 MILTWASTE, Asplenium. 
 
 MIMOSA NILOTICA, see Acaciae gummi 
 — m. Scandens, Cadiang-parang — ^m. Senegal', 
 see Senegal, gum. 
 
 MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia socors— 
 m. Abstraction of, Apheliia intenta — m. Un- 
 sound, Insanity. 
 
 MINERALIUM, Antimonium. 
 
 MINER'S ELBOW. An enlargement of a 
 bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such as 
 are in the habit of .leaning much upon it ; and, 
 therefore, often seen in those, who work on the 
 side in low-roofed mines. 
 
 MIN'IM,UM,,a minim, 'the least part or 
 portion.' The 60th part of a fluidrachm. this 
 measure has been introduced , by the London 
 College of Physicians, in consequence of the 
 uncertainty of the size of th^ drop, (see Gutta.) 
 The subdivision of the fWine pint has, accord- 
 ingly, been extended to the 60th part of the 
 fluidrachm; and glass measures, called "minitii7 
 measures," .have been adopted by the London 
 College., The prppqrtion betweenthe mininas 
 and the drops of various fluid preparations is 
 exhibited in the foUofViring table. The results 
 were obtained by Mr. Durand, a skilful phar- 
 maden, of Philadelphia, under circumstances as 
 regards the> diflierent artiples, as nearly identi- 
 cal as possible. ' ' 
 
 Table of the Number of Drops of' different 
 Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm. 
 
 Drop^ 
 Acid Acetic, Crystallizable, - 
 Acid Hydrocyanic (Medicinal,) 
 
 'Muriatic, - ■ 
 
 Nitric, . , . 
 
 diluted (1 to 7,) 
 
 ■ Sulphuric, 
 
 - aromatic, 
 -diluted (1 to 7,) 
 
 Alcohol (rectified Spirit,) 
 
 Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit,) 
 
 Arsenite of Potassa, solution of, - 
 
 Ether, Sulphuric, - - , - 
 
 Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper- 
 mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives, 
 
 Tikotures of Asafcetida, Foxglove, Guaiac, 
 Opium, . - 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron, 
 
 Vinegar, distilled, ... 
 
 ' of Colchiciim, 
 
 -^ — • — — of Opium (black drop,) 
 
 ^ — — ^ of Squill, 
 
 Water, distilled, - i - 
 
 Water of -Ammonia' (strong,) 
 Do. - do. (weak,) 
 
 Wine (Teneriffe,). - ' - 
 
 Antimonial, ... 
 
 of Colchicum, 
 
 of Opium, - - - - 
 
 MINISTER GYMNASTS, Pcedotribes. 
 
 MINITHOSIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum rubrum — m. 
 Graecorum, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — 
 m. Purum, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 MINORATIVUS, Laxative. 
 
 MINT, COCK, Tanacetum balsamita— n 
 
 120 
 45 
 54 
 84 
 51 
 90 
 
 120 
 51 
 
 138 
 
 120 
 57 
 
 150 
 
 120 
 
 120 
 132 
 
 78 
 78 
 78 
 78 
 45 
 
 '54 
 45 
 7B 
 72 
 75 
 
 •78 
 
 Curled,, Mentha crispa — m. Cat, Nepeta — m. 
 Horse, Monarda coccinea and M. punctata — tfi. 
 Horse, sweet, Cunila Mariana — m. Hyssop- 
 leaved, Mentha cervina-^m. Mountain,Monarda 
 cocciilea-^m. Pepper, Mentha piperita — m. 
 Spear, Mentha viridis — m. Squaw, Hedeoma — 
 m. Stone, Cunila Mariana — m. Water, Mentha 
 aquatica. 
 
 MINUTHESIS, Meiosis. 
 
 MINYANTHES, Menyanthes. 
 
 MIOSIS, keiosis. 
 
 MUCOCELE, Merocele. 
 
 MISADIR, Ammoniae murias. 
 . MISANTHRO'PIA, Misan'throp,y, Exan- 
 thro'pia, Fhyganthro' pia, from ^ircc, ' hatred,' 
 and a^^joOTOf, ' man.' Aversion to man ind 
 society ; — a symptom of melanclioly, and hypo- 
 chondriasis. 
 
 MISCARRIAGE, Abortion. 
 
 MISERERE'MEI, Ileus. 
 
 MISHME TEET A, Coptis teeta.. 
 
 MISMAR, Mesemdr. A name g;iven by Avi- 
 c6nna to' a kind of nodus, which forms on the 
 toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation 
 of those parts. 
 
 MISOPTO'CHUS, from.^iflo{, 'hatred,* and 
 TtTiojf OS, ' poor.' ' That which hasliatred for the 
 poor. The gout has been So called by sbrne, 
 because it commonly aiflfects the rich; 
 
 MISSADAN, Hydrargyrum. ' 
 
 MISSIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
 
 MISTIO, Mi^tura." 
 
 MIS'TLETOE, Viscum album. 
 
 MISTU'RA, Migma,»Mis'tio, Mia/tio, Mix- 
 tu'ra, a mixture; from miaeere, mixtum,' Xo 
 mix.' A mingled cornpbund'i in which differ- 
 ent ingredients are contained in the fluid state; 
 suspended or not by means of mucilaginous or 
 saccharine matter^ In this sense, it is synony- 
 mous with the French Potion, In France,, 
 however, the word mixture is more frequently 
 understood to mean a liquid medicine, which 
 contains very active substances, and can only 
 be administered by drops. A mjxture, in other 
 words, in the French sense, may be regarded 
 as a potion deprived of watery vehicle. 
 
 MISJ'URA, (S.) A fragrantyellow-colonred 
 water, used as a perfume by the ladies pfPeru. 
 It is j)repared irpra ^llyflower, jasmine, and 
 ^or de mistela (Talinum umbell^tiim). See 
 Campomahesia lineatifolia. 
 
 MisTURA Ao"idi HYiRooTAN'ici, Mixture of 
 Prussia acid, Melange pectoral (Magendie.) 
 {Medicinal prussic add, 1 drachm, distilled 
 water, §14, pure sugar, §iss.) A dessert 
 spoonful every morning and evening, as a 
 pectoral, &c.~ 
 
 MiSTURA Ammoni'aoi, Lac ammoniad. Mix- 
 ture of a/mmon'iac, {Armnoniac, ^ij • aqugz Oss. 
 Rub the ammoniacum: adding the water gra- 
 dually until they are pferfectly mixed.) Dose, 
 f. iss to gj. 
 ; MiSTURA Amygdala;, Emulsio amygdalae. 
 
 MisTUEA AsAFffi'TiDffl, Lac asofcetidx, Emul- 
 sio antikyster'iea. Mixture of asafcetida, (F.) 
 Lait d'asafmtida. (^'Asafcctidx gij. agaas. Oss; 
 Rub together, adding the water by degrees.) 
 Used where pills cannot be swallowed, and as 
 a glyster in irritations during dentition, and in 
 ascarides. Dose, f. ^ss, to f. giss. 
 
 MiSTURA AsAFOsTiD^E PRO Cltsmate, Enema 
 fcetidum. 
 
 MiSTURA Cam'phor.e, Aqua eamphorx (Ph. 
 
MITELLA 
 
 552 
 
 MIXTURE 
 
 IT. S.)j Camphor mixture, Camphor Julep, Mis- 
 tura campfto/a'ta, Jula'pium e ewihpKora seu 
 camphora'fwm, (F») Julep eamphri. {Cam^ 
 phor gss; rectified spirit, \Q mmims, water, .a. 
 pint. Rub the canjphor and spirit; add the 
 water and filter.) Virtues like those of cam- 
 phor. See Emulsio camphorae. 
 
 MisTURA CoRtju TJsTi, Decoc'tum cornu eer- 
 vi^ni, Decoc'tum -nlh-Um, ^Decoction of burnt 
 haitsiporn. Mixture of burnt hartshorn. {Cor-, 
 mium ust. §ij, acacix g-K»>.,cont. 5jj aqufE Oiij. 
 Boil to Oij, constantly stirring.ana strain. PA. 
 £.) . ■ . 
 
 MiSTURA Cretje, Fotio carbona'tis calcis,- 
 Mistura ereta'cea, Mucila'go cre'tica. Chalk 
 mixture, Creta'ceous mixture, (F.) Mixture de 
 Craie, (^Cretse jp^^^ss, sacehdr*, acaciae gum, 
 in pulv. aaSij, aquts cirmam., aqua, aa f.^iv. 
 Mix. Ph. U. S.) Antacid and absorbent. 
 Dose, f. IJ to f. §ij. 
 
 MisTURA Diabol'ica. a mixture under this 
 name is kept in military hospitals foi: malin- 
 gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingre- 
 dients, as aloes,, asafoetida, CEtstor, &c., and is 
 given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression 
 on the gustatory nerves^ , 
 
 MiSTUEA Emeti'n;e Yo-m.To'-s.iKiEmetic Mix- 
 ture of emetine. (^Emetine 4 gr., ora'hge-fio'wer 
 water ,^ij, syrup, 5ss, M.) A dessert spoonful 
 every half hour till it acts. 
 
 MisTUKA Ferei CoMPOs'lTA, Compound mix- 
 titre of iron, (F.) Mixture de fer composee, Grif- 
 fith's mixture. {Myrrh cont; gjj potassce carb. 
 gr. XXV, aquce rosce f. Jviiss, /errs sulph. cont. 
 %i,sp. Iftvand. §ss, sae'char. gj. Rub together 
 the myirrh, subcarbonatS of potass, and sugar ; 
 then add, wliile triturating, the rose-waterj spi- 
 rit of nutmeg ; and, lastly, the sulphate df itdn. 
 Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, 
 and stop it close. Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and 
 emmeiiagogue, and is useful wherever iron is 
 indicated. , 
 
 MisTUEA Guai'aoi, Mixture of guai'ac, Lac 
 guaiad, Emul'.sio guaiad'na, Mistura guaiaei 
 gummo'sa, M. gum/mi gua'iaci Bergeri, S'olu'- 
 tia guaiad gummo'sa, S. resi'nts guaiaci a^quo'- 
 sa, (F.) Mixture de Gayae. (Guaiac. g. re- 
 sin. vl\.%%,-sacch. pur. gij, muc. acacia gum. gij, 
 aq. cinnam.. C ^viij. Rub the guaiacum with 
 the sugar ; then with the mucilagei Add, gra- 
 dually, the cinnamon water. Fh. £.) Dose, 
 f.gsstof.gij. . ,' I 
 
 Mistura Gummi. Guaiaci Behgeei, Mistura 
 Guaiaci — m. Leniens, Looch ex ovo. 
 
 Mistura Moschi, Musk mixture, Mistiira 
 moscha'ta. {Moschi, acacics gv/m. contus,, sacch. 
 purif., sing. J5J, aq. rosce f. ^vj. Rub the 
 musk with the sugar ; add the gum, and, by de- 
 grees, the rose-water. Ph. L.) Dose, f. gss 
 to f. gij. 
 
 Mistura STRYCH'NiiE!, Mixtiire of strych'nia. 
 {Distilled water, 5ij, very pure strychnia, 1 
 gr., white sugar gil, M.) Dose, a dessert spoon- 
 ful. 
 
 MisTUKA Sulphurico-aoida, Elixir acidum 
 Halleri^m. Vulneraria acida, Arqueb'asade, 
 Eau d.' 
 
 MITELLA, Sling. 
 
 JVl ITH'RID ATE, Mithrida'tiim,, Mithridat'- 
 icumm^dica7nen'tum,Antid'otU7nJ)flithrida'tium, 
 Diascioi'ci anti^'otus, Confec'tio Damoc'ratis. 
 A very compound electuary, into which enter- 
 ed — Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Gin- 
 
 ger, Cinnamon, Frankincense, Garlic, Mustard, 
 Birthwoi t, GaXbanu/m', Castor, Long pepper, 
 Opoponax, Bdellium., Gum Arabic, Opium, 
 Gentian, Orris, Sagapenum, Valerian, Acacia, 
 Hypericpm, Canary wine, 'Hon.ey, &C. It was 
 invented by Mithridates, king of .Pontus and 
 Bithynia, and was formerly regarded as alexi- 
 pharmic. It is little used at the present .day; 
 and, from its heterogeneous nature, should be 
 wholly abandoned. 
 
 MITHRIDATICUM MEDIGAMipNTUM, 
 Mithridate. 
 
 jyilTIGANS, Lenitive. 
 
 MITRA HIPPOCRATICA,.Bo»Ket d'Aip- 
 pocrate. , . . 
 
 yiYY^KL, MitraHlis. Having the form of a 
 mitre; resembling a bishop's mitre. 
 - Mitral Valves, Val'pulte mitra'les, V.Cor- 
 des mitra'les, V. episcopa'l'es, V. bieuspida'les. 
 Two triangular valves at the opening.of com- 
 munication between the left auricle Of the heart 
 and the corresponding ventricle. The^e values 
 are formed by the inner membrane of the left 
 cavities of the heart ; and are retained '■ on 
 the side of the ventricle by tendinous cords, 
 proceeding from the columnae carneae. They 
 form a species of valve, which permit the 
 blood to pass from the auricle into th& ventricle 
 and oppose itp return. 
 
 MITRIUM, Sling. , 
 
 MITTE (F.), Efflu'iiium Lairina'rium. An 
 emanation exhaled from privies, which strong- 
 ly irritates the eyes. _ It consists of ammo- 
 nia, united to the carbonic and hydroysulphuric 
 acids. < 
 
 MIU AMARU, see Arrow poison. 
 
 MIXIS, Coition. 
 
 MIXTIO, Mistura. 
 
 MIXTURA, Mistura. , . , 
 
 MIXTURE, Mistura— m. of Ammoniac, Mis- 
 tura ammoniaci — m. of Asafoetida, Mistura asa- 
 foetidae-pOT. Calmante,- Looch ex ovo — m. Cam- 
 phor, Mistura camphorse^m. Chalk, Mistura 
 cj-etas — m. de Craie, Mistura cretas — m. Cretace- 
 ous, Misturacretae — ni. of Emetijie, emetic, Mis- 
 tura emetinae vomitoria — ni. de Fer composee, 
 Mistura ferri coxa-positsi—m. de Garyae, Mistura 
 Guaiaci — m. Griiiith's,. Mistura ferri composita 
 — m. of Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci-^m. of Harts- 
 horn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti — m. of Iron, 
 compound, Mistura ferr-i composita. , , 
 
 Mixture,, Hope's. A mixture recomniended 
 by Mr. Hope, in diarrhcea and dysentery. It is 
 essentially a nitrate of morphia. Although tie 
 proposer employed the acidum nitrosum of the 
 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene- 
 rally used. - {Acid, nitrps. f. 3j ; Aqux camphor' 
 f. § viij ; Tin.ct. opii git.' xl. M .) Dose, a fourth 
 part every three or four hours. 
 
 Mixture, Musk, : Mistura moschi — m. Neu- 
 tral, Liquor potassae citratis — ip. of Prussic 
 acid, Mistura acidi hydrocyanici. 
 
 Mixture, Scudamoee's. A mixture recom- 
 mended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and 
 rheumatic affections, and much prescribed in 
 the United States. Magnes. sulph. ,?j^,^ij; 
 Aquae menthx f. §x ; Aceti colchic. f. §j — f. ,^iss ; 
 Syrup croci f. gj ; Magnes. gviij. M. Dose, 
 one, two, or three table-spoonfuls, repeated every 
 two hours in a paroxysm of gout, until from 
 four to six evacuations are produced in the 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 Mixture of Strychnia, Mistura strychniae. 
 
MNEME 
 
 553 
 
 MOLAR 
 
 MNEME, Memory. 
 
 Mneme Cephal'icdm .Eal'samum. A very 
 compound medicine, into which entered Balm, 
 Lily, Rosemary , Lavender, Borage, Broom,\ 
 Roses, Violet, Saffron, Thymes StoYax, Galba- 
 num, &c. ' 
 
 MNEMONEUTICe, Mnemonics;, 
 
 MNEMONIC S, Mnemon'ice, Mnemoneu'tici, 
 from j«r!(0|Ctoi, < I recollect.' .The art of aiding 
 the memory by signs j and of forming, in some 
 sort, an artificial memory. 
 
 MOA.NING, from Sax. msenan, « to grieve.' 
 Respira'tio Ittctuo'sa, Mycktkis'mos* A plain- 
 tive respiration, in which the patient utters 
 audible groans. 
 
 MOBILE, see Saint Augijstine. 
 
 MOBILITY, Molil'itasi from mobilis, con- 
 traction oimovibilis, ' that can be moved.' The 
 power , of being moved. In physiology, great 
 nervous susceptibility, often joined to a dispo- 
 sition to convulsion. Greatly developed exci- 
 tability. . . 
 
 MOC ASIN FLOWER, Cypripedium luteam. 
 
 MOCH'LIA. Reduction of a luxated bonej 
 from fiojiioc, a lever. 
 
 MOCHLICUS, Purgative. 
 
 MOCHLISCUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHLUS, Lever. 
 
 MOCHTHtJS, Agony. 
 
 MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu fequinae. 
 
 MODELLING PROCESS. A term proposed 
 by, Dr. Macartney, of Dublin,, .to. signify the 
 mode in which wounds are, healed ■fi'ithout in- 
 iiammation or suppuratioh; by a deposite of 
 plastic matter from the surface of the wound, 
 by Tvhich the. gap is more rapidly filled, — por- 
 ti6n being laid upon portion, without waste, 
 after the manner of clay in the hands of the 
 sculptor :^hence"the term. 
 
 MODI'OLUS, ' the nave of a wheel.' Fyrta- 
 •ftibs seu ax^is coek'leiB. A hollow cone in the. 
 cochlea of the ear, forming a nucleus, sucis, or 
 central pillar, round -which the gyri of the 
 cochlea pass. (The modiolus, forma the inner 
 and larger poi;tlon of the central, pillar, and is 
 the cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus 
 auditorius internus. It lodges aJbranch of the 
 auditory nerve. The central portion of the 
 modiolus contains a number of minute canals, 
 and is called in consequence Tfactvs spira'lis 
 faramimdo'sus. Into these the nerves of th6 
 cochlea enter, and pass out at right angles be- 
 tween the bony plates forming the zona ossea 
 of the lamina spiralis, to be expanded on the 
 membranous portion of the lamina. 
 
 Modiolus, Mas, also means the crown of the 
 trepan. • , 
 
 MO'DIUS. A dry measure, the third of an 
 amphora, equal to th^ bushel. — ^Varro. 
 
 MODUS OPERAN'DI, 'mode of operating.' 
 This term is applied to thS general principles 
 upon which remedies act in morbid states of 
 the body; — a subject of much interest, although 
 involved in considerable obscurity. 
 
 The following classification will convey some 
 idea of the ways in which different organs may 
 be excited into action. 
 
 1. By actual or immediate coTitact nf the remedy, and 
 
 liy absorption or mediate contact. 
 S. By an Impulse conveyed by the nerves, thi'oug:h an 
 
 impreesinn made on the stomach or elsewhere. 
 3. By contiRuous or continuous sympathy, or by that 
 
 which is e.<citcd by mere proximity or continuity 
 
 of iiarts. 
 
 36 
 
 MOBLLE, Marrow— OT. Allongle, Medulla 
 oblongata — m. £.piniire. Medulla spinalis — m. 
 Vertebrate, Medulla spinalis. . 
 
 M(ENIADENTIUM,'Alveoli-.dentium. 
 
 MCEROR, Athymia. 
 
 MOFEtTB, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mof- 
 fat is ^ village situate about 56 miles S. W. of 
 Edinburgh. The water is a cold sulphureous : 
 containing, in a wine gallon, 36- grains of chlo- 
 ride of sodium, 5 cubic inches of earbonic gas, 
 4 of azote, and 10 of.sulphohydric acid. It re- 
 sembles Harrowgate water, in its properties. 
 
 A strong chalybeate spring was discovered 
 there about the year 1'828, vi^ich contains ses- 
 quisulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alu- 
 mina,''and uncombined ,sulphviric acid. 
 
 MOGIL A'LIA, Parala'Ua, frond /u.oy(s, ' with 
 difficulty,' and^Aixiltiv, ' to speak.' This word 
 is inaccurately written by Paul Zacchias, — 
 Mala'lia, and Molila'lia., Difficult Or defec- 
 tive articulation. Impediment of speerfr. See 
 Balbuties. ^ 
 
 MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious 
 labour. 
 
 MOGUS, Agony^ 
 
 MOHA,Wk TA«SEL, Eupatoritim purpu- 
 reum. ' 
 
 MOiS, Menses. 
 
 MOISTURE, ilfa^or, (F.)Mdtte3ir, andiently 
 moisieur. Simple humidity of the skin. The 
 skin is said to be moist or in a state of moisture, 
 when there is sjight perspiration. 
 
 MOiTEUR, Moisture. ' 
 
 MOLA, Maxillary bone/ Molar tooth. Mole, 
 Patella. 
 
 MOLAGOCODI,, Piper nigrum, 
 
 M0LAIRE,Uo\3.r. : , 
 
 MOLALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLAR,. -MbZaVis, My'licus, (F.) Molaire, 
 Meuiiere. ■ That which bruises or grinds ; from 
 vwlarisy'a grindstone,' or mala, 'a millstone.' 
 
 MoL.vR Glands. ■ Two small bodies formed 
 by a collection of mucous crypts ; seated in the 
 substance of the cheeks, between the masseter 
 and buccinator muscles, ajid whose excretory 
 ducts open into the mouth opposite the last 
 molar tooth. 
 
 . MoLAK Teeth, Gr}«c?er«, Jaw Teeth, Mola'res, 
 /permanen!tes dented. Denies, wiolarcs seu mi(KP- 
 illa'res seu gom'phii seu clava'les, Wdlai, Go7n~ 
 phioi,^ My*lacri, My'lodontes, My'lodi, ilfo- 
 mi^'c^, (F.) DentsSnolaj-res ou machelieres, oc- 
 cupy the farther part of each alveolar arch. 
 Their coronse are broader than they are high :• 
 unequal, tuberculated ; and the roots are more 
 or less subdivided. They are 20 in number,, 
 10 in each jaw. The first two pairs of molar 
 teeth, in each jaw, have been called lesser mo- 
 lares or bicuspid, JDentes bicvspida'ti. ,Th^ CO- ■ 
 tonae have two tubercles j the outer being more 
 prominent and larger than the inner. The root 
 is commonly simple ; sometimes bifurcated. 
 The, other three pairs have been termed. Great 
 molares — Dents multicuspidees (Ch.) Their 
 coronae are cubical, rounded, and have, at- the 
 upper surface, four or five tubercles, separated 
 by deep furrows. The root is divided intq two, 
 three, four, and five fangs, which are more or 
 less curved. The third great molaris appears? 
 a long time after the others; and hence, Jias 
 been called Dens sapien'tia or Wisdom tooth. > 
 
MOiASSES 
 
 554 
 
 MOLLUSCUM 
 
 MOLASSE^, Melasses. - 
 
 MOLE) Mola,\iiom males, 'mass.' M^le, 
 Zepkyr'ius fatus, Germenjalsum, Pieiidoeye'- 
 sis molarisy Gravid'itAsmoldris. '_ A fleshy, in- 
 sensiblej at times, s6ft-?-at others, hfird-^mass ; 
 of variable and determinate size, which foriris 
 in the uterus, and is slightly united ■ by vessels 
 to that organ; from which its^ feeble vitality is 
 derived. It has been conceived by some to be 
 always owing to imperfect conception ; but 
 moles may form in the undoubted y irgin. They 
 seem to be owing tp a morbid process; and 
 certainly are generally connected with con- 
 ception. At times, they cont^n parts of the 
 foetus ; but commonly do not.' , At very different 
 periods, in different women, the diseased mass 
 is expelled from the uterus, with ordinary 
 symptoms of abortion; and the case requires 
 similar management." See,' also, Naevus an.d 
 Conception, (false.) ■ 
 
 MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia.lathyfis. 
 
 MOLEG/ULAR, Moletmla'ris. Of or be- 
 longing to molecules or minute portions of any 
 thing. Hence mqlecular death, in contradis- 
 tinction to somatio death. ^ -' 
 
 MOL'E,CUI,E, Moiec'ula, Mass'ulq.; dimi- 
 nutive of Moles, ' a mass.' A minute portion of 
 any body. Also, the eicairic'ula, Tna'cula, galla- 
 tu'ra, tread of the eoeic, or embryo part of the im- 
 pregnated ovum, observable by the microscope 
 before the ovum has left the ovarium of theteil. 
 It lies tinder the epidermic coats of the yelk, 
 and upon its proper coat."' If the ovum, ac- 
 cording to Valentin, be lacerated and its con- 
 tents minutely examined, the ci«atricula is 
 found like a grayish_ white disk, which in its 
 whole periphery is dense, graniilous, and opake, 
 but in the centre presents a clear nbngranulpus 
 and perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found, 
 that when he removed the dark granulous mass 
 by suction with a small tube, there remained a 
 perfectly transparent vesicle filled with a pel- 
 lucid lyrrtph, which had a' decidedly spherical 
 form, but being extremely delicate, was easily 
 lacerable, and then its fluid escaped. As he 
 found this, which later naturalists have, named- 
 -^after its discoverer — ^the Purkin'jean ves'icle, 
 in the ova of the ovajy, but could not see it in 
 ova, which had already entered the oviduct, he 
 gave it the name germinal vesicle, vesic'ula 
 ■proUf'era seagerminafi'vei. Besides a perfectly 
 colourless fluids this, contains one or more^daTk 
 corpuscles, which appear as a nucleus througli 
 the including membrane in the shape of opake 
 spots — the germinal' spot, •macu'la germi/nati'- 
 va seu ger'minans, nu'cle^us germinati'vus. 
 The granulous membrane — its thickened por- 
 tion, the so called " cicatricula," — ani the ger- 
 minal vesicle, constitute those parts of the ovuni 
 which pass immediately into the original foun- 
 dation of the embryo,' the blastederma or ger- 
 tmnal membrane, vesic'ula hlastoderinat'ica^ 
 
 MOLkNE, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MOLES GANGLIFOHaHIS, Ganglion of 
 
 GrS.SSPT 
 
 MOLIBDUS, Plumbum.. 
 
 MOLILALIA, Mogilalia. 
 
 MOLI'MEN, from molior, ' to move or stir.' 
 ' An attempt to struggle.' Hence, — 
 
 MoLi'MEN H«mobrhag"icdi*. The hemor- 
 rhagic diathesis or impulsion. 
 
 MoLiMEN Hemoerhoida'Le. The hemorrhoi- 
 dal diathesis or impulsion. See Hsmorrhois. 
 
 MoLiMEN Menstrua'le. The menstrual dia- 
 thesis or impulsion. 
 
 Molimen'-Natjueje Salutamum, Instinct;. 
 
 MOLLESCENCE, Mollities. 
 
 MOLLE% Sura. : 
 
 MOLLIPUFFS,; Lycoperdoft. 
 
 MOLLIS .MATER, Pia mater. 
 
 MOLLIT"IES, MoMes'een'ee,: Maiacis'mits, 
 Mollit"ia, Mollitu'doi ETnollities, . Emollities 
 TnorhofsA, 'MoUitio, Bifalaai'is,-'Malaco'sis, Mai*- 
 thdx'is, (¥,y^Ramollissemeni ; ,(G.) MalakieV' 
 (Fuchs); from mollis, 'soft.' Preternatural 
 softnes? of an organ or part. of an organ, 
 
 JWoijUTiES CpRlEBRj^Maldco'sis Cer'ehri^En- 
 cephulomala'cia, EneephalomdlaiX'ds, JVecren- 
 cepji'alus (W. Farr,) Cer'ebromalacia,Encepha- 
 losep'sis, Mollescence, or softening, or a kind of 
 liquefaction, of the cerebral substance; the re- 
 mainder^ preserving its or4ina'ry consistency, 
 (r.) J^oTnollissement du cerveau, ,Theneurine 
 often; contains sJiiall dlojs of blobd, giving rise to 
 what -has been termed Apoplexie eapillaire, 
 (Cruveifhier.).. The symptoms denoting it are 
 equivocal, 
 
 Hollit'ies CoBias, Cardiomalacia. 
 
 Mollities MEDDL'L.iE ^Ina'liS, , Myelpma- 
 la'cia, (F.) Ram^llissement de la Mo'elle £pi- 
 iiihre. Softening df the spinal, marrow. 
 
 MpLLiTiES Os'siTJM, Malacosteo'sis, Malacoi'- 
 teon, Ei^olht''ies os*s,ium, JParoPtia Jlex'ilis, 
 OsteoTnalaco'sis, 'B.achi'tis seu Ehachi'tis adul- 
 torum, Spinavento'sa (of^some), Osteomdld'cia, 
 '^oft'ening of the' bones, (F.) Osteo^malacie, 
 Osteo-Tnaldseie,-^ OstSo-m^lalde, RaTnbllissement 
 des OS. A rare affection in which the bones 
 are deprived of their salts, particularly of the 
 phosphate of lime, and consist only, or mainly, 
 of gelatin; hence they acquire, a degree of sup- 
 pleness which renders them Unfit for the per- 
 formance of their functions. The disease gene- 
 rally- affects all, the bones ; but it is especially 
 remarkable dujring life in the'long bones, which 
 assume any *urvatur,e that may be wished. 
 Very violent /pain is often experienced in them ; 
 and the jirine frequently contains an enormous 
 proportion of calcareous phosphate. The pa- 
 tient is compelled to remain in the hprizontal 
 posture; the bones no'longef. being fixed points- 
 for the muscles to act upon. The disease has, 
 hitherto, always terminated fatally, and dissec- 
 tion has exhibited the gelatinous nature of the 
 bones; which, by desiccation, have becpme 
 transparent, as if they had been macejated in 
 {icid. 
 
 Experience has afforded no ijieans of relief in 
 this dreadful affliction. The alkaline salts, 
 earthy phosphate^, &c, are of little of no use. 
 
 MOLLITIO, Mollities. ; 
 
 MOLLITUDO, Mollities. 
 
 MOLLUS'CUM, Atheroma. . A cutaneous 
 affection, . so called, in conseqjWnce- of its re- 
 semblance to certain molluscous animals. It 
 consists of numerous tumours, varying in size 
 from that of r a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, 
 filled with an atheromfitous matter, whicb are 
 developed in the substance of the derma, and 
 are of various shapes, some having a large 
 base, — others, adherent by means of a pedicle. 
 
 Molluscum coniagio'sum, a singular variety, 
 is characterized by the presence of hard, round, 
 tubercles, which are smpoth and transparent, 
 and when pressed, pour out from an orifice in 
 their summits a little opake or milky fluid. 
 
MOLOCHE 
 
 555 
 
 MONOHEMERON 
 
 The disease is probably seated in the seba- 
 ceous follicles. ' • 
 If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must 
 consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, &c. 
 The external treatment consists in the employ-' 
 ment of measures calculated to excite the tu- 
 bercles to inflammation, as by toiiching them 
 with potassa. 
 
 MOLOCHE, Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 MOLOPES, Vibices. 
 
 MOLYBDjENUM MAGNESII, Manganese, 
 black oxide of. 
 
 MOLYBDOS, Plumbum. 
 
 MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning. 
 
 MQLYNE, Anus. ' ' 
 
 MOLYNSIS, Miasma. 
 
 MOMIE, Mummy. 
 
 MOMIN', Mamei. 
 
 MOMISCI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MOMOR'DICA BALSAMI'NA, Balsami'- 
 na, Ralm-apple, Balsam apple, (F.) Balsamine, 
 Fomme de merveille. The fruit of this oriental 
 treei Pomum mimb'ili seu hierbs.olymita'num, 
 was formerly considered vulnerary. 
 
 Momob'dica Elate'bium, Elate'rium, Echa'- 
 lia Elate'rium, Cu'cumis agres'tis, C. asini'-. 
 nus, C. sylvesttis, Elate'rivm offidna' rwm, 
 Gharan'tia, Bouba'lios, Cruarirha orba, Wild 
 or Squirting cu'tuTtiber, Ecbo'liv/m elate'rium, 
 (Fi) Concombre Saavage, Momordique. Nat. 
 Order, Cucurbitaceae. The dried sediment from 
 the juice is the' elaterium of the shops. (See 
 Extractum Elaterii.) It is a njost powerful 
 cathartic, ?nd, as such, has been used in droj)- 
 sies. Its attive principle is the Elatin, Elate- 
 rine or Elaterium. Dose, gr. i to gr. j. until 
 itoperates. ' 
 
 MOMORDIQUE, Mpmordioa elaterium. 
 
 MONAD, from Monas, 1 unity.' A simple 
 particle, or atom, or unit. — Leibnitz. The 
 smallest of all visible animalculfes. Aprimary 
 cell or germ. 
 
 MONjE, Nates. 
 
 MONARTJA COCCIN'EA, Scarlet Rose 
 balm. Mountain mint, Oswego Tea, Mountain 
 Balm, Hbrsemint, Square st'ali. Red Balm; a 
 beautiful indigenous plant, having the excitant 
 properties of monarda punctata. 
 
 JHonae'djC FisruLo'SA. The Purple moitaf- 
 da. The leavds have a fragrant smell; and an 
 aromatic, somewhat bitter taste. They are re- 
 puted to be nervine, stomachic, and deob- 
 struent. f 
 
 Monae'daPchcta'ta, IfoTsemint. Sex.Syst. 
 DiandriaMonogyriia. Nat. Ord. Labiatae. Inv, 
 digenous in the United States. Stjmulant and 
 carminative. Tie OletUn monardae is officinal 
 in the United States. 
 
 Monahba Purple, M. fistulosa. 
 
 MONDER (F.), from mundus, ' cleanly.'* 
 To render clean or pure. In Pharmacy, i\ means 
 to separate any substance from its impure or 
 useless portion. In surgery, mender ou mon- 
 Mfier une plaie, is to clean or deterge a wound. 
 
 MONDIFICATIFS, Detergents. 
 
 MONBIFIER VNE PLAIE, see Monder. 
 
 MONE'MERON, Mono'i'meron, Monohe'me- 
 ron; from ^ofot, ' one,' and 'n/tiQa, ' a day.' A 
 name given to several collyria, which were sup- 
 posed to be capable of curing diseases of the 
 eyes in a day. 
 
 MONENTERUM, Colon. 
 
 MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported 
 
 into Europe from South America, in hard, thick 
 cakes. It is prepared from the bark of a tree, 
 whose botanical name is unknown. It is very 
 friable, and its fracture very much resembles 
 that of a well-torrefied cocoafaut. It is wholly 
 feolable in water ; and its taste — which iis at 
 first sweet like liq,uorice, sometimes becomes 
 astringent. It is on account of its astringent 
 properties that it has been prescribed in chronic 
 bronchitis, heemoptysis, diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, 
 uterine hemorrhage, &c. It has been applied 
 locally, in the form of ointment, (^Mones. p. I, 
 Adipis, p. vij.) The dose of Monesia is from 
 12 to 40 grains a day. 
 
 MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia. 
 
 MONGO'LIA^. Anthropologists give the 
 name Mongolian race to a Variety of the hu- 
 man- species, spread over a great part o{ the 
 north of Asia, in China, India, Thibet, the Mo- 
 luccas, &c. The.ii)dividuals composing it have 
 the skin of a brown red, forehead flat, nose 
 broad, cheeks prominent, and lips large. See 
 Homo. ' , 
 
 MONKSHOOD, Acdnitum— m. Common, 
 Aconitum napellus — m. Salutary, Aconitum 
 anthora. ~ 
 
 MONNI-NA POLYSTA'CHIA. A beauti- 
 ful South American plant. Nat. Ord. Polyga- 
 leae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia 06tandria. The- 
 bark of the root is a powerful astringeht, and 
 much used in South America in diseases of the- 
 bowels. ^^ 
 
 ^ MONOBLJEP'SIS, from novo?, «bne,' and 
 jSxtV'Sj ' sight.' I An affection in. -Which vision 
 is confused, imperfect, and indistinct, when both 
 eyes are employed ; but quite perfect or nearly 
 s6,,wheh either eye is used singly. 
 
 MOJfOCAR'P.^;; from^itvo?, 'alone,' 'sin- 
 ~gle,' and napnot^ ' fruit.' A division of cutane- 
 ous affections, of the family of Eczematosen of 
 Fuchs, which includes strophulus, psydracia, 
 and ecthyma. 
 
 MONOCEPH'ALUS, from^o,o?, <bne,' and 
 xe»o7i», ' head.' A compound monster lutving 
 two bodies with a single head. 
 
 MONOCOLON, Csecum, Rectum. ^ 
 
 MONOCRA'NUS, from /tovo?, ' one,' ' single,' 
 and x^avov, xgttnor, ' cranium.' A monster with 
 one cranium, but with the face in part double. 
 7-Gurlt. 
 
 MONOCULUM, CsBcum. 
 
 MONQC'ULUS, Mon'ocle, MonoplUhal'mus, 
 ZJhioc'uliisi Vkoe'tilus, from fi'vn, 'one,' and 
 oculus, 'an eye.' A bandage employed to 
 maintain topical applications over one of the 
 eyes. This bandage, calledby some surgeons 
 Simplex oe'ulus, (F.) (Eil simple, is made of a 
 roller three or four ells long, rolled into a single 
 ball. See Cyclops. 
 
 MONODIPLO'PIA; from /iivoi, 'alone,'^ 
 JtTixous, ' double,' and on//, 'eye.' Double vi- 
 sion with one eye. - 
 
 MONOEMERON, Monemeron. 
 
 MONOGAS'TRIC, Monogas'trieus ; from 
 fiont, 'one,' and yoo-Tijj, 'stomach.' That 
 which has but one stomach. Man is Monogas- 
 trie ; ruminating animals, on the Contrary, are 
 polygastric. 
 
 , MON'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL, Monograph'itf 
 med'ica; from |Uo*os, 'one,' and y{ia^ii, 'de- 
 scription.' An ex profesao treatise on a singIe^ 
 class of diseases, or on a single disease. 
 
 MONOHEMERON, Monemeron. 
 
MONOMACHON 
 
 556 
 
 MORBI 
 
 MONOMACHON, Ceecum. 
 
 MONOMACUM, Cxcam. 
 
 MONOMANIA, Melancholy. 
 
 MONOMMATQS, Qyclops. 
 
 MONQPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, ; Hemi; 
 crania. 
 
 MONOP'ATHY, Mo?iopat'hi'ar,'{Tom ^ovp;, 
 ' one,' and jroSos, ' disorder^ A^tate in which 
 one organ or function is disordered. Applied 
 to. melanclioly or monontania-;. *hich is said "to 
 be a monopathie affection. 
 
 MONOPEGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemi- 
 crania. 
 
 MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 
 MOJ;!lOPLAS"TlC, Monoplas'tiaus: irom ^o- 
 rst;, ' one,' a,nd B-xaoom, ' 1 forpa.' That which 
 has o'neiform. A MonoplasHc element, in histo- 
 logy, is one which retains its primary form. — 
 Gerber. 
 
 MONOPODIA, Sympodia. 
 
 MONOPS, Cyclops. 
 
 MONOPSIA, Cyclopia. 
 
 MONOPUS, Symmeles. 
 
 MONOR'CHIS, from iBojrtif, 'one,'andog5j;i5, 
 ' testicle.' One who has only one testicle^ 
 
 MONOSI'TIA, from ^ovoc, 'one,' and a-ms, 
 ' food,' ' repast.' The habit of taking only one 
 meal in the day. 
 
 UO^OT:'RO?AVm'?LO'B.KJceplant,Fipe. 
 plant. Nest root. Fit root. An,indiger(ous plant, 
 whose juice, mixed with water, has been ex- 
 tolled by the'Indians in ophthalmia. The tidied 
 root in powder has' been given in epilepsy and 
 nervous diseases. _ 
 
 MONROIA'NUM FORA/MEN. a foramen 
 at the anterior part of the lateral ventricles of 
 the brain, by which they communicate with 
 each otheV, is so-called from the second Monro. 
 
 MONS VEN'ERIS, Montic'uhu ren'eHs, 
 E^hebe'um, (F.) Mont fie V^nus,' JPenil, Motte, 
 Eininence sus-puSienne. The more or less pro- 
 jecting eminence," situate at the base of the 
 hypegastrium, above the vulva and in front of 
 the OS pubis. At the period of puberty it be- 
 comes iCO vered with hair, fi>rmerly called, Tres- 
 soria. 
 
 MONSTER, Monstrwm, Terms, Pelor, Fdo'- 
 .ria, Pelo'vium, Pelo'rum. Any orgaiiiizedbeing, 
 having an extraordinary vice of conformation, 
 or a preternatural perversion of every part, or 
 , of certain parts only,, Three species of mon- 
 sters are usuaAly distinguished. The first com- 
 prehends those that are born with an excess of 
 -parts ; as with two heads on one trunk, — two 
 t rimks with- one head, — with six fingers or toes, 
 &c . The secoiid includes those with a deficiency 
 oi parts,— such as the acephali, monopes, &c.j 
 aad tJie thirdjihose with a deviation of pajrts, — 
 a5 where the heart is on the rightside, the liver 
 on the left, &c. A«iongst the numerous hypo- 
 theses entertained on the origin or cause of mon- 
 iters, or of monstrosity^ — terato'sis, monstros'- 
 ttas, as the state has ^ecn called — three only 
 are worth mentioning. They have been attri- 
 buted, 1. To the influence of the maternal ima- 
 o:ination on the fcetus in utero. 2. To acciden- 
 tal changes, experienced ty the fostus at some 
 period of its uterine existence : and, 3. To a 
 (primitive defect in the germs. The second 
 seems to be the only one that is philosophical. 
 
 As -a medico-legal question, monsters, if ca- 
 pable of action as individuals, have the same 
 rights as other persons. 
 
 MONSTROSITAS, see Monster. 
 . MONSTROSITY, see Monster. 
 
 MONSTRUM, Monster. 
 
 MONT; DB V£NUS, Mons Veneris. 
 
 MbNTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS, 
 OF. Montbrison is a town in France, in the 
 department of the Loire, fifteen leagues from 
 Lyons. There are three- cold springs here, 
 which are highly acidulous, and used as refri- 
 gerants and aperients. . • r . 
 
 MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAf. WA- 
 TER^ OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French 
 town, 10 leagues from Dax; where there is a 
 chalybeate spring, somewhat frequented.. 
 
 MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Mopt d'Or is a village s&vefx leagues from Cler- 
 mont, (Puy-de-Donie,) at which are sev^'al 
 mineral springs, eold and thermah Those of 
 the Founta(p La Madelaine,- aiid of the Great 
 Bath, are thermal; temp. lia'Fahr. and. con- 
 tain carbonic acid, subcarbonate arid sulphat? of 
 soda, chloride of sodium, subcarbonate of lime 
 and magnesiayaluming and oxide of iron. Those 
 of St. Margaret are cold, and contain , much 
 
 MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. This town is situate near Borgo-Bug- 
 giano, ill Tuscany. The springs are thermal ; 
 ranging from 7ri? to 118° Fahrenheit. 
 
 MONTHLY COURSES, Menses— m. Pe- 
 riods, Menses. . 
 
 MONTICULI CEREBELLI,- Vermiform 
 processes of the Cerebellum. 
 
 MONTICULUS VENERIS, Mons veneris. 
 
 MONTPELLIER, CLIMATE, OF. This 
 seat of a ,celebrated medical school in the S. E. 
 of France was at one time renowned for its cli- 
 mate, and-especially in i-egard to its adaptation 
 to consumptive cases. This is now exploded, 
 and it js at present esteemed an unfit residence 
 for them. : The climate possesses the general 
 characters of that of south-eastern France^ — 
 being dry, hot, and irritating,- subject to fre- 
 quent vicissitudes, and especially to blasts of 
 keen, cold, northerly winds. It is, indeed, most 
 injurious in pulmonary diseases. 
 
 MOQN, Luna, ' Sele'ne, Mene, Sax. Mona, 
 (G.) M q n d, (F.) Lune. The moon has been 
 supposed to exert considerable influence over 
 the human body, ia,health and disease. Such 
 infiuence has been grossly exaggerated. Not 
 many years ago„ it would , have been heretical 
 to doubt the exacerbation of mania, at the full 
 of the moon's yet it is now satisfactorily shown, 
 that if the light be excluded at this period, the 
 ^lunatic is not es;6ited more than ordinarily. 
 
 IwOONSTRUCK; Lunatic. 
 
 MOORBEfeaY, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
 
 MOORSHEAD, Alerribio. 
 ■ MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED, Andro- 
 meda mariana. ^ 
 
 MOOSEWOOD, Dirca palustris. 
 
 MOPHETA, see Mephitism. 
 
 MORBBUX, Morbid. 
 
 MORBI, see Morbus — m. Acquisiti, Acquired 
 diseases — m. Acuti, see Acute — rti'. Adventitii, 
 Acquired diseases-— m. Anniversarii, Annual dis- 
 eases — m.Annui,Annual diseases — m.Asthenici, 
 Adynamias — m. Celati, Feigned diseases — m. 
 Chronici, Chronic diseases — m. Cognati, Innate 
 diseases — m. Complicati, see Complication, Im- 
 pliciti morbi — m. Congeniti,Innatediseases — m. 
 Connatij Connate diseases — m. Connexi, Con- 
 
MORBID 
 
 557 
 
 MORIA 
 
 juncti morbi— m. Consequentes, Corijuncti mor- 
 bi— m. Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus — m, Der- 
 matodes, see Dermatoid — m. Dispersi, Sporadic 
 diseases — m. DissiBiulati, Feigned diseases— 
 m. K'picteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, 
 see Development — m. Homoedri, see Hojnoe' 
 drus — m. InfitiatijFeigned diseases — in. Interni, 
 Internal diseases — m. Melancholici, see Mercu- 
 rial — m. Mercuriales, see Mercurial — m.Nervo- 
 si, Nervous diseases — m.Occulti,seeLattent — m. 
 Olfactus, Osmonosi — m. Perplexij see Compli- 
 cation — m. Pseudalei, Feigned diseases-v-tn. Re- 
 cidiva, Relapse — m. Recursus, Palindromia-^ 
 m. S'exuales, see Sexual-^m. Sexus, Genonusi — 
 m. Si'inulati, Feigned diseases — m. Sparsi, Spo- 
 radic diseases — m. Spaamotici, see Spasmoticus 
 — m. Subacute, see Acute— m. Tactus, Hapho- 
 nosi — m. Tropici, Troponusi. 
 
 MORBID, Mor'bidus, Morho'sus,- Pathic, 
 Path'ical^ Path'imts, (F.) Morbeux, Morbide ; 
 from morbus, ' a disease.' Diseased or relating 
 to disease. 
 ' Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 MORBIF'IC, Morbifiews, (F.) Morbifique; 
 fram^norbus, 'aidisease,'and/a(;«r«, 'to make.' 
 Causing or producing disease — as mdrbific ema- 
 nations. 
 
 MORBILITY.-Disease. 
 
 mOR'BILlEUX, Morbillous. 
 
 MORBltLI, Rubeola— m. Gbnfluentes, Scar- 
 latina — m. Ignei, Scarlatina. 
 
 MORBIL^OSUS, MorbilloHs: 
 
 MORBIL'LOirs, Morlillo'sus, Measly, (F.) 
 Morbilleux. Affectedor connected with measles. 
 
 MORBOSUS, Sickly. 
 
 MORBUS, Disease, see Morbi— m. Ampul- 
 laceus. Pemphigus— m.Affgliciis, Rachitis — m. 
 Aphrddisius, Syphilis — m. ArcuatUs, Icterus 
 — m. Arietis, Influenza — m. Arquatus, Icterus 
 '■ — ^m. Articularis, Gout — m. Astralis, Epilepsy 
 — m^ Attonjtus, Apoplexy — m. a. Celsi, Cata- 
 lepsy— m. Brigbtii, Kidney, Bright's disease of 
 the^- ra. BuUosus, Peinphigus — m. Cadlicus, 
 Epifepsy — m. Caeruleus, Cyanop'athy—m. Cal- 
 culi, Lithia— ^m. Cardiacus^Cardialgia — ra. Ca- 
 tarrhalis. Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys 
 ^m; Cerealis, Ergotism — m. Cerebralis 
 Whyttii^ Hydrocephalus Internus — m. Cirrho- 
 rnm, Plica ■ — in. CcEliacus, Coeliac flux — m. 
 Comitialis, Epilepsy — m. CoStalis, Pleuritis— 
 m. Coxarius,, CoxarUra morbus — m. Croatus, 
 Scherlifevo — m. Cucullaris, Pertussis — m. Cu- 
 cullis. Pertussis — m. Cystophlegmaticns, Cys- 
 tirrhoea— m. Dffimoniacus, Epilepsy-r-nr. Das- 
 monius, Epilepsy-r-m. Deificus, Epilepsy — m. 
 Dissolutua, Dysentery — m. Divirius, Epilepsy 
 — m. Dominorum, Gout— m. Endemius,, En- 
 demic — m. Epid^mious, Epidemy — ra. Epide- 
 micus guttufis Foresti,- Scarlatina — m. Erudi- 
 lorura, Hj-pochondriasis — m. Extrinsecus, Ex- 
 ternal disease — jn. Febrilis, Pyreticqsis— m. 
 Fellifluus, Cholera — m. Flatuosus, Hypochon- 
 driasis — m. Fluminiehsis, Seherlievo — m. Fce- 
 dus, Epilepsy — m. Frigidus, Atrophy — ill. Gal- 
 liciis, Syphilis — m< Gesticulatorius, Chorea — 
 m. Gravis, see Serious — m. Hsemorrhoidalis, 
 HaBmorrhois — m. Heracleus, Epilepsy — m. 
 Herculeus, Epilepsy — m. Hispanicus, Syphilis 
 — ra. Hydrophpbicus, Hydrophobia — m. Hypo- 
 chondriacus. Hypochondriasis — m. Hystericus, 
 Hysteria — m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia— m. In- 
 
 Italicus, Syphilis — m. Jecinorls, Hepatitis — 
 ra. Lateralis, Pleuritis — m. Lazari, Elephan- 
 tiasis — m. Lunaticus, Epilepsy — ra. Luteofus, 
 Icterus — m. Maculosus hseraorrhagicus TVerl- 
 hofii. Purpura haemorrhagica — m. Magnus, Epi- 
 lepsy — m. Major, Epilepsy — m. Mensalis, 
 Epilepsy — ni. Mercurialis, Eczema mercuriale, 
 Hydrargyriasis^^m. MetalliCus, Colic, metallic 
 — m. Mucosus, Fever, adeno-mening^^il — m. 
 Natiticus, Nausea marina — m. PiTeapolitanus, 
 Syphi,lis" — ra. Niger, Melaena — m. Originalis, 
 Idiopathia — m. (Esophagi, CEsopbagopathia-m. 
 Oryzeus, Cholera — ni. Pallidus, Chlorosis^rm. 
 Panccenus, Pandemic — m. Parthenius, Chloro- 
 sis— m. Pandemius, Panderaic^-m. Pedicul'aris, 
 Phth^iriasis — m. Pediculosus, Phtheiriasi^— m. 
 Peracutus, see Catoxys — m. Phteniceus, Ele- 
 phantiasis-^m. Pilaris,. Trichiasis— m. Pleuri- 
 tiojis, Pleuritis— m. Plurabeu?, Lead-poisoning 
 — m. Porcinus, Essera^m. Popularlg,TSpilepsy 
 — m. Pi?imariUB, Idiopathia — m. Proprius, 
 Idiopathia — m. -I'rotopathicus', Idiopathia-— m. 
 Proteiforrais, see Proteiformis — m. Psoadicus, 
 Lumba:r abscess^m. Publicus^ Epi4emy^m. 
 Puerilis, Epilepsy — m. Pulicularis, Typhus 
 gravior — m. Recidivus, Relapse — m. Recidi- 
 vus, Palindromia — m. Regionalis, Endemic — rr . 
 Regius, Icterus-^ra. Resiccatorius, Hypochon- 
 driasis — -m. Ruhtuosus, Hypochondriasis — m. 
 Ructuosus, see JEructation-yrra. Sacer, Epilepsy 
 — m. Saltatorius, Chorea — m. Saftcti Joannis, 
 Epilepsy — m. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy-^m. 
 Bcarlatinosus, Scarlatina — m, Scelestus, Epi- 
 lepsy-^ ra. Scrophulosiis, Scrofula — m. Se- 
 cundarius, Deuteropathia-^m. Seleniacbs, Epi- 
 lepsy — ra. Sideratus, Epilepsy — m. Silesiacus, 
 Raphania— m. Simplex:, Haplopathia — m. Solsti- 
 tialis, Coup-de-Soieil — m. Sonticns, Epilepsy^ — 
 ra. Spasmddicus malignus seu popularis, Rapha- 
 nia — m. Strapgulatorius,Cynanehfe trachealis^ 
 m.Budatorius, Sudor Anglicus^m. Truculeintus 
 infantum, Cynanche trachealis- in. Tuberfulo- 
 sus, see Tubercle and Tubercular cachexia — m . 
 Ungaricus, Fever, Hungarle-^m. Verminosus, 
 Helminthiasis — m. Verijaculus, Endemic — m. 
 Vervecinus, Influenza — ra. V^sicularis,, Pem- 
 phigus — m. Virgineus, CJhlorbsis— m. Viridel- 
 lus, Epilepsy — la. Vitriolatus, Epilepsy — m. 
 Vocis, Phononbsus — m. Vulpis, Alppecia. 
 • MORCEAU DU'DIABLE, seeTrxhaVal- 
 lopiana — m. Frange,, see Tuha Fallopiana. , 
 
 MOR'DICANT, Mor'dioans, Oalor.mor'di- 
 r.ans. A morbid heat, causing a disagreeable 
 pungent sensation in tjie fingers of the physician. 
 
 MORDICES,' Teeth: see Tooth. 
 
 MOREA, Morus nigra. 
 
 MORELLE, Boletus esculentus — '^n. a Frm'i 
 noir, Solanum — m. Fiiriev-se, Atropa belladonna 
 ^m. ^eii Grappes, Phytolacca decandra — m. 
 Grimpante, Solatium dulcamara. 
 
 MORETARIUM,~Mortar. 
 
 MORE'TFS, More'tum, from mor^im, 'the 
 mulberry.' Ancient name of a cbrdial julep, 
 into the composition ofwhich the syrup of mul- 
 berries entered. — Schrodeir. 
 
 MORGAG'NI, HUMOUR OF, Siwior 
 Morgagnia'nus . A peculiar, transparent, 
 slightly viscid fluid, found between the crystal- 
 line and its capsule. 
 
 MOR GELIIfE, Alsine media. , - • 
 
 MORIA, Idiotism — m. Demensji Idiotism, 
 
 dicus. Syphilis — m. Interlunius, Epilepsy — m. Dementia — m. Demens lerema, see Demiltia 
 Ischiadicus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea — m. j — m. Irabecilis amnesia, Amnesia 
 
MORIBUNDDS 
 
 558 
 
 MORSrtBE 
 
 MORIBUND US, Psychorages. 
 
 MORINGA OLEIFERA,Guilandina morin- 
 ga — m. Zeylanica, Guilandina moringa. 
 
 MORION, Genital organ, Penis. 
 
 MORIOPLAS'TIPE, Ohiruf'gia curto'rum, 
 Ch, Anaplas'tioa, Restitu'tia organ'ica seU par'- 
 tium, deperditdrum, Tranaplanta'tio,'Autopl<is'- 
 tiee, Mnaplas'tic Surgery, Autaplas'ty or Auto- 
 plastic ox Plastic Surgery yCkirur'giaplas'ticaj 
 ironifioQiov, 'apart,' a&dwJttOTixoc, 'forming.' 
 The restoration of lost parts. The operations 
 for this purpose have various ftames, according 
 to the part concerned, as CheiloplasHce, Cera- 
 toplastiee, Rhinoplastice, &c. 
 
 MORO, from morum, ' a mulberry :' — Mo- 
 rum, (?.), Mure. A small abscess resembling 
 a mumerry. A small turnout, of a similar ap- 
 pearance, particularly on the genital -organs 
 after impure coition. 
 
 MOROCH'THUSj Moroch'tua,, Morochi'tes, 
 Mei^chi'tes, Meroc'tes,&alax'ia, Leucograph'ia, 
 (F.) ^ifirre au lait, Milk stone. An Egyptian, 
 stone,,used by the ancients as an application to 
 the intertrigo of children : probably a variety of 
 fuller's earth, inasmuch as it appears to have 
 been used by ixillefs. ' 
 
 MOROCHITES, Morochthus. 
 
 MOROCltTUS, Morochthus. 
 
 MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium. ' 
 
 MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium. 
 
 MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism. 
 
 MOROSITA'TES, from ^mqia, 'folly.' A 
 generic name given by Linnaeus to an order of 
 Vesanise, in which he included pica, bulimia, 
 polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, panophobia, 
 satyriasis, nymphomania, tarefitismus, and hy- 
 drophobia. \ 
 
 MOROTROPHIUM, Morocomi'um, Moro- 
 dochi'um, from ftagog^ . ' fatuous,' - and Tjo(f 17, 
 ' support.' An insane estallishmsnt; a lunatic 
 asylum; a mad-hoiise^ Under proper manage- 
 ment, a' valuable institution ; but liable to va- 
 rious abuses,. 
 
 MORPHjEA alba,, Lepra alphoides— m. 
 Nigra, Lepra nigricans. 
 
 MORPHIA, Morphina—-m. Acetate of, Mor- 
 phinas acetas^-m. Citrate of, see Morphina-^m. 
 Muriate of, see' Morphina — m. Siilphate of, 
 Morphinse sulphas. , , ' 
 
 MORPHIA ACETAS, Morphin'ae ac6tas— 
 m. Sulphets, Morphinse sulphas. 
 
 MOR'PHICA, frotn Moe<f1> 'shape.' Mon- 
 strosities of birth. The 3d order, class Typhica . 
 ot Good. 
 
 MORPHI'NA, Mor'phid, Mor'phium, M(fr- 
 phi'ne, Morphine, frofti Morpheus, the ' god of 
 sleep.' A solidi colourless alkali ; crystalliza' 
 ble in beautiful pyramids, truncated and trans- 
 parent; soluble in alcohpl, and slightly so in 
 boiling water. It exists, combined with me- 
 conic acid, in opium. .-It may be obtained by 
 decomposing, by means of ammonia or calcined 
 magnesia, an aqueous solution of opium made 
 in the cold. 
 
 The following is the process of the Pharm. 
 U. S. Opitim, sliced, Bsj ; distilled water, alco- 
 hol, each a sufficient quantity; solution of am- 
 monia, f. ,^vj.- Macerate the opium with four 
 pints of dfstilled water for 'ii hours, and having 
 worked ^t with the hand, digest for 24 hours, 
 and strain.* Macerate the residue twice sue-' 
 cesslvely with distilled water, and strain. Mix 
 the infusions; evaporate to six pints, and filter; 
 
 then add first five piiits of alcohol, and after- 
 wards three fluidounces of the solution of am- 
 monia, previously mixed with half-a-pint of al- 
 cohol. After SJ4 hours, pour in the remainder 
 of the solution of ammonia, mixed as before 
 vvith half-a-pint of alcohol ; and set the liquor 
 aside for 24 hours, that crystals may form.' To 
 purify, these, boil them with two pints of alpo- 
 bor till they are dissolved; filter the solution, 
 whilfe hot, through animal charcoal, and set it 
 aside to crystallijie. 
 
 Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, 
 which it saturates ; and with which it foms 
 very crystal'lizable salts, with the exception of 
 the acetate. All these salts have a bitter taste, 
 and act upon the animal economy in the samd 
 manner as opium, but more powerfully. The 
 acetate is the salt commonly employed in medi- 
 cine. It was, at one time, supposed that Mor- 
 phia is the purely sedative part of opium, di- 
 vested of its irritating ' properties ; but expe- 
 rience has not confirmed this. On the contrary, 
 Morphia will generally disagree where opium 
 doesj Dose of Morphia J to ^ of a gfain. 
 
 MoRPHi'Nffi Ace'tas, Mor'phiee, Aeetas, Ac"- 
 etate of Morphine, Acetate of Morphia. .A salt, 
 formed by saturating morphia with acetic acid..> 
 (Morphia, in powder, freed from narcotina by 1 
 boiling with sulphuric ether, ^j ; distilled wa- 
 ter, Oss ; acetic.acid, asufficient quantity. Mix 
 the 'morphia with the water y then carefully 
 drop in the acid, constantly stirring until the 
 morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate 
 the solution in a water-bath to the , consistence 
 of syrup. Lastly, dry the acetate with a gen- 
 tle heat and rub it into powder.— Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, from ^ of a grain to a grain. ( 
 
 MoRPHi'NiE Sulphas, MoR'PHja: Sulphas, 
 Sulphate of Morphia. A salt, formed by satu- 
 rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating, 
 and crystallizing. Dose, the same as of the 
 acetate. 
 
 Muriate and Citrate of Morphia have like- 
 wise been used ; but they possess no advantages 
 over the other salts. The sulphate and muriate 
 are offldinal in the Ph. U. S., 
 MORPHIUM, Morphina. 
 MORPHOLOG'.'ICAL, from ^oe*», 'shape,' 
 and ioycf , • a description.' That vvhich has re- 
 lation to the anatomical conformation of part^. - 
 Applied, at times, to the alterations in the form 
 of the several parts of the embryo, in contra- 
 distinction to histological, which -is applied to 
 the transformation by which the tissues are 
 gradually generated. 
 ' MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy. 
 
 MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia: from asoj- 
 tpn, '.shape,' and vouot, 'a law.' The laws of 
 organic formation. The department of anato- 
 mical science which teaches the laws of organic 
 configuration. 
 MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy. , 
 MORPIO, see Pediculus. 
 MORPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus. 
 MORS, Death — m. Apparens, Asphyxia — m. 
 Putativa, Asphyxia — m. Repentina, Demotivus 
 lapsus — m. du Diahle, Scabiosa succisa. 
 MORSELLUS, Tabella. 
 MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabellae an- 
 timoniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellae anti- 
 moniales Kunckelii. 
 
 MORSULUS, Tabella. . 
 MORSURB, Degmos. 
 
MORSUS 
 
 559 
 
 MOS 
 
 MORSUS, DegmosT-m. Diaboli, Scabiosa 
 succisa, see Tuba Faltopiana — tn. GallinaB,Al- 
 sine media— m. Stomachij Gardialgia— m. Ven- 
 triciili, Gardialgia. 
 
 MORT, Beatb— m. >lj)^a»-en««, Asphyxia— 
 m. du Chien, Cholera — m. aux Chiens, Colthi- 
 cum autumnale — m. aux Fanthires, Doronicum 
 pardalianches. 
 MORTA, Pemphigus. 
 
 MORTAL, Morta'lis, from inors, mortis, 
 ' death.' Letha'lis, Leta'lis, Thandto'des, Tha- 
 na^'imus, (F.) Mortel. That which is subject 
 to death ; — ^that which causes death i-^-as, man 
 is miortcd; a disease is mortal. Of old, it was 
 the custom to have a division of mortal wounds, 
 which gave rise to many errors in medico-legal 
 investigations, as the niortality of wounds de- 
 pends upon various circumStaiices ; and it is of- 
 ten a matter of extreme difficulty, to pronounce 
 whether or not a wound is necessarily mortal. 
 MORTALITY, ilforfa/'tta^, Lethal'itas, Le- 
 tal'itas, Mortalite. This word taken in an ex-, 
 tended sense, expresses the condition of all or- 
 ganized bodies,^of being subject to the ces- 
 sation of life. Tn the sense in which it is most 
 frequently employed, it signifies-, — the propor- 
 tional quantity of individuals who, in a certain 
 population, die in a given time. If we assume 
 the population of the earth to be one thousand 
 millions, and a generation to last thirty-three 
 years^ in that space of time the one thousand 
 millions must all die j and, consequently,' the 
 number of deaths will be, by approximation, 
 Each year, 30j000,000 
 
 Each day, 82,109 
 
 Each hour; . 3,421 
 
 Each minute, 57 -, , 
 
 Each second, ' 1 neafly. 
 
 If on the other hand, as has been supposed, 
 the number of deaths is to that of the births as 
 TEN to TWELVE : there will be born, 
 
 ages; 
 
 Under 
 From 
 
 36,000,000 
 98,356 
 4,098 - 
 68 
 1 & 2-lSths. 
 
 Each year, 
 
 Each day, 
 
 Each hottr. 
 
 Each minute, 
 
 Each second. 
 It has been estimated, that the average mor- 
 tality of the Pays du Vaiid, is 1 in 49 ; of Swe- 
 den and Holland, I in 48 ; of Russia, I in 41 ; 
 of France, 1 in 40; of Austria I in 38; of Prus- 
 sia and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35; of England, 1 in 
 45 ; and of South America, 1 in 30. The same 
 rate of mortality has been given to the United 
 States as to France ; but the statistical details 
 on all this matter have been inadequate, and-^ 
 it.is not improlpable— inaccurate. The foUow- 
 ' ing has been giveii as the annual mortality of 
 some of the. chief cities of this country and of 
 Europe : (See the Author's Human Health, p. 
 101: Philadelphia, 1844.) Philadelphia, lin 
 45.68; Glasgow, 1 in 44; Manchester, 1 in 44; 
 Geneva, 1 in 43 ; Boston, 1 in 41 .26 ; Baltimore, 
 Un 41 ; London, 1 in 40 ; New York, 1 in 37.83 ; 
 St. Petersburgh, 1 in 37 ; Charleston,! in 36.50 ; 
 Leghorn,! in 35; Berlin, 1 in 34; Paris, Lyons, 
 Strasburg, and Barcelona, 1 in 32; Nice and 
 Palermo, 1 in 31, Madrid, 1 in 29 ; Naples, 1 in 
 28; Brilssels, 1 in 26 ; Rome,! in 25; Amster- 
 dam, 1 in 24 ; and Vienna, t in 22^. 
 
 In the cities, the mortality under two years 
 of age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited 
 by the following table : 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 to 2, 
 
 2 to 
 5 to 
 
 10, to 
 
 20 to 
 
 30 to 
 
 40 to 
 
 50 to 
 
 60 to 
 
 70 to 
 
 80 to 
 
 90 to 100, 
 100 to 110, 
 110 to 120, 
 
 5, 
 10, 
 20, 
 30, 
 40, 
 50, 
 60, 
 70, 
 ,80, 
 '90, 
 
 !! 
 
 28.52 
 
 London, Fhilacl. 
 23.7 
 8.6 
 9.97 7.3 
 4.33 4. 
 4.03 
 6.64 
 8.08 12. 
 8.89 10. 
 8.89 7.2 
 9.15 
 7.83 
 3.18 
 0.'40 
 
 5. 
 
 12. 
 
 5. 
 
 3.5 
 
 1.9 
 
 0.5 
 
 0.09 
 
 0.013 
 
 '_ — 0.09 » 
 0.013 J 
 
 Baltimore. 
 24lll 
 
 8.55 
 11.18 
 
 5. 
 
 6.3 
 
 9.87 
 10.58 
 
 8.88 
 
 5.78 
 
 4.5 
 
 3. , 
 
 l.iB7 
 
 0.36 
 
 0.18 
 
 MoRTALiTT, Bills of. Bills of NecroVogy, 
 (F.) Tables de Mortalite. Tables, instituted for 
 the purpose of exhibiting the number of deaths, 
 &c. in a given time; Well kept bills of mor- 
 tality are of great use to the physician and po- 
 litical economist. Those df iondoh have been 
 proverbial/or their inaccuracy and insufficiency; 
 especially, as regards the complaints of ,v?hich 
 the persons have died. They wer^ formerly 
 made out by the pirish clerks, and the infornjia- 
 tion wis conveyed to them by two old women, 
 who were appointed in each pirish, and werp 
 called Searchers ; — their duty being to see that 
 the deceased had died a natural death. This 
 miserable system has, however, been abolished : 
 and the Registrar-CJeneral's annual reports of 
 births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how ad- 
 miriibly vital statistics are now cpnducted in 
 Great Britain. - 
 
 MORTAR, Mbrta'rivm, Moreta'rium., Mor- 
 to'rium, Pi'so, At^orit,' Pila, Ifolmos, Igde, Igr 
 dus, (F.) Mortier. A vessel for reducing' to 
 powder different solid substances, and for 
 making certain mixtures. Different substances 
 are employed in the construction of mortars ; — 
 iron, marble, glass, wedgewood ware, &c. 
 
 MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus. 
 
 MORTEL, Mortal. 
 
 MORTIER, MotUt.^ 
 
 MORTIFER, Lethiferous. 
 
 MORTIFICATIO, Mortification— m. Pul- 
 monum", Necropneumonia. 
 
 M6'RTIFlCA'TION,Mortifiea'tio,Necrt)'sis, 
 from mors, 'death,' and/o, * I become.' _ The 
 loss of vitality in a part of the body. The in- 
 cipient stage of' mortification, wheh the case is 
 still recoverable, is called Giangrene;, when to- 
 tally destroyed, Sphacelus. Mortification of a 
 bone is called Necrosis. 
 
 Mortificatiojj, Cold, Sphacelus — m. Ergot, 
 Ergotism-r^m. Hot, Grangrene — m. Mildew, Er- 
 gotism. 
 
 MORTOOTH, Cupri,sulphas. 
 
 MORUM, see Morus nigra — m. Palpebrse 
 internae, Trachoma carunc'ulosum. 
 
 MORUS NIGRA, The Mifl'berry-nee, 
 More'a, Sycami'nos, (F.) Mitrier Noir. The 
 fruit of the mulberry-tree, Moriim, Sycami'num, 
 (F.) Mure, is pleasant, sweet; subacid, and 
 abounds with a deep violet -coloured juice. 
 A syrup is directed in the London Pharnfaco- 
 poeia. The bark of the root has been regarded 
 as an anthelmintic. 
 
 MORVE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia 
 — m. Farcineuse, see Equinia. 
 
 MOS, Habit. 
 
MOSCHARDINA 
 
 560 
 
 MOUTH 
 
 Mos MoKBi BEKiG.'iJus.seuMAiliG'Hns. The 
 benign, or malignant character of a disease. 
 , MO SCHARDI'NA, Museer'da, from ^oV- 
 X Of J ' nfcmsk.' A lozenge for the mouth, com- 
 posed of mugk, ambergris and other aromaticS. 
 
 MOSCHELiE'ON, Moscoia'a. A compound 
 atorriatic oil, containing musk. 
 
 MOSCHUS, Musk-^m. Arabum, Hibiscus 
 abelmoschuS — m. Factitius, MuSk, artificial. 
 
 MOSCOL^A; Moschelffloh. 
 
 MOSLICH, Maslach. 
 
 MOSQUI'TOiS.) Diminutiveof(S,)»»os«a, 
 'a fly.' A very troublesome insect in warm, 
 ijioist situations. Curtains, called Mosquito 
 curtains, ate used in India, by.wa^ of protec- 
 tion.' The entrance of mosquitos into the bed- 
 chaimber may also be pre vented, , to a cer,tain 
 extent, by keeping the doors and virindovirs 
 closed until the light is extinguished. The 
 pain ^nd itching from ths bites are alleviated 
 by -washing them with hartshmrn. i ■ 
 
 MdsQuiTA is a name/ given, bjr the" Portn- 
 gjiese, to small^ r^d pimples on the skin, resem- 
 bling the bites of the mosquito. 
 
 MOSS BERRY, yaccinium oxycoccos-^m. 
 Ceylon, Futus amylaceus — rii. Club, Lycopo- 
 dium7-rm. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus — rii. Iceland, 
 Liche^ Islahdicus — m. Irish, Fucus crispus — m. 
 Marine, Fucus amylaceus. , ' 
 
 MOTA, Fagus castanea. 
 
 MOT AMEN, M6tion,A, 
 
 MOTATIO, Motion., ■ , ' 
 
 MOTE, Car))asus, Linteuhi. 
 
 Jiror£triJ,.Motory. , 
 
 MOTHER'S MARKS, Nsev«s— m. Spots, 
 NsevUs. 
 
 MOTHERWORT, Leonurus cardiaca, Ma- 
 tricaria. 
 
 MOflUITY, Moti2'itas,fTommotus', « move- 
 ment.' (F.) MoiiUti. , Faculty of moving ; 
 moving power ; contractility. 
 
 MOTION, Motus, Mo'tio, Mota't;io, Mota'- 
 meU) Co-mmo'tio, jPertno'tio, Ci-hf/sis, Mo>ve-^ 
 ment, (7.) MouvemPMt. The act of changing 
 place. The various motions may be divided 
 into, — First, the vplitntary or those that are 
 executed under the influence'of the brain. Se- 
 condly. The involuntary, vihich may be sub- 
 divided into, 1, The pxcited, of the f-ftci: func- 
 tion of Dr. Marshall Hall and 'othere,-^as, the 
 closure of the larynx on the contact of acrid 
 vapours, of the -pharynx on that of the foo(J, — 
 a function of the spinal marrow ; andi 3. Those 
 that are executed under the organic and other 
 nerves of involuntary,function. It is probable, 
 tqo that every living tissue is capable of moving 
 responsive to its appropriate irritant. See 
 Irritability. , ,- 
 
 MoTiorf, CiLiAEV,see Cilia — m. Involuntary, 
 see Autornatic — m. Vibratory, see Cilia: — m. 
 Volurttary, Autocinesis. 
 
 MOTIVPj Motory. 
 
 MOTOR, Motory. 
 
 Motor Oowli Extek'nus, Nervus tim'idus, 
 (F,.) Nerf oculo-musculaire exterim (Ch.,) Nerf 
 moteur oculaire externe. Sixth 'pair of nerves, 
 arises from the furrow which separates the 
 pons Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It 
 enters the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the 
 outside of the carotid artery with two filaments 
 furnished by the superior cervical ganglion; en- 
 ters the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is 
 
 lost on the rectus externus oculi. This pair is, 
 also, called AlducenUs.. 
 
 Moto'res OduLo'RuM, Moto'rii Ociilorunt, 
 Oeula'res . commm'nei, ' Ophthal'mici exter'ni, 
 Common Ocul6~m7iscular Serves, (F.) JVerfs 
 mote-urs oculaires (Copmin'ris,, (Ch.,) The third 
 pair of nerves. This nerve arises from a de- 
 pression at the inner side of the peduncles of 
 the brain, between the tuber annulare and cor- 
 pora mamillaria. It enters the outer pirt of 
 the cavernous sinus, and passes into the orbital' 
 cavity. - Behind,'the spheiioidal fissure, it di- 
 vides into two branches ; the one superior ; and 
 the other, inferior. The former is lost on the 
 rectus superior oculi and the levator palp^brae 
 superioris ; the latter — the larger of the two — 
 divides into three branches, whidh pass to the 
 rectus iriternus, rectus' inferior, and lesser ob- 
 lique. The last furnishes a filament, which 
 passes to the ophthalmic ganglion^ J 
 
 MOTOp.IAL, Jtfotory. 
 
 MO'TORY^ Mative, Motor, Moto'rial, Ma- 
 trix, (F.) Motetir, That- which moves or im- 
 presses movement, as motor nerveSj in contra- 
 distinction to the wresorj?. 
 
 MOTOS, Linteum, Tent. ; 
 
 MOTO'SIS,.from //orof, 'charpie.' The ap- 
 plication of charpie to A wound. 
 
 ■ MOTRIX, Motory. 
 MOTTE, Mens veneris. . 
 iMOTUM, Carbasiis, Linteum. 
 
 MOTUS, Motion — m. Automaticus, see Aa- 
 t6matic — m. Compressorius, Peristole — m. Cor- 
 dis diastalticus, Qiastble — ^m. Haemorrboidalis, 
 Haemoirrhois— m. Intestinornm, Borborygmus — 
 m. Invpluntarius, see Autocinesis— m, Perista!- 
 ticus, Peristole — m. Testudineus, Peristole — m. 
 Vermicularis, Peristole — m. Voluntarius, Aiilo- 
 cinesis. 
 
 ' MOVrCHE, Cantharife^-i78. d'Espagne, Cah- 
 tharis. ; ' " 
 
 MOUCHER L'APTION D^T, Munctio. 
 
 MOTJCHES, see Pains, labour. 
 
 MOtrCHETURE, see Scarification. 
 
 MOUCHOiB EN TRIANGLE, Cauvre- 
 chef, see Bandeau, 
 
 MOXJFETTE, see Mephitism. 
 
 MOULD, Fontanetla. 
 
 MOTILE, Mytilus edulis. 
 
 ■ :M0ULEUR, Mftller.. 
 MOUREILLER, Malpighia roojirella. - 
 MOUROjy J)ES OIBEAUX, Alsine media 
 
 — in. Rotige, Anagallis. 
 
 MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracinm pi- 
 losella.' 
 
 MOUSE-SIGtiT, Myopia. 
 , MOUSSE J? JS COBS£,Corallina, Corsica- 
 na— m. d'lsland, Fucus crispus^-»j. PerUe, 
 Fucus crispus. 
 
 M'OUSSERON,see Agaric. 
 
 MOUSS^UX, Vi-othy.. 
 
 MOUSTACHE, Mystax. 
 
 MOUT DE LA BIliRB, Wort. 
 
 MOUTARDE, Sinapis. 
 
 MOUTH, Sax. muB, Os, Cavum Oris, Sto- 
 ma, (F.) Bouche. This word sometimes sig- 
 nifies the cavity situate between the jaws, ant! 
 containing the tongue, &c.;— at others, the outrr 
 orifice of that cavity. The mouth, in the first 
 acceptation, Cav'itas seu Spa'tiitm Oris, is the 
 cavity; bounded, above, by the palatine arch; 
 below, by the tongue; before, by the lips; and 
 behind, by the velum palati and pharynx. The 
 
MOUVEMENT 
 
 561 
 
 MUCUNA 
 
 sides of the mouth and the organs it contains 
 aYe lined by a mucoijs mejnbrane. The anterior 
 aperture of the mouth is, sometimes, called /o- 
 es'ai/^-the posterior pharyngeal. In the mouth 
 are thciteeth, gums, alveolar margins, tongue ; 
 the excretory ducts of the salivary glands, and 
 those of a number of mucous follicles, &c, It 
 is in this cavity that the food is cut, torn, or 
 bruised by the teeth ; is impregnated -Hfith sali- 
 va, and. formed into . a mass or iofej, which is 
 then subjected to the act of deglutition. The 
 mouth contains the organs of taste j and it serves 
 jn respiration, articulation, expectoration, suc- 
 tion, &c. ■ 
 
 Th? condition pf the mouth reqilires to be 
 attended to in Semeiology. The state of the 
 mucous iriembranfi, like that of the tongue, in- 
 dicates the condition of the membrane of the 
 alimentary canal generally. 
 
 Mouth, Os, Apertura, QrificHivm, Sia'tus, 
 Peristo'mium, is, p,lso, applied to. the. open ex- 
 tremities of vessels or other caftals, 
 
 MocTH Root, Coptis — m. Sore, Aphthae — m. 
 Watering, see &livation. » 
 
 ^OJTYEMENT, Motion. 
 . MOVEMENT, Motion. 
 
 MOXA, Moxihu'rium. A wordT)y which 
 the Chinese and Japanese designate a cottony 
 substance, which they prepared by beating the 
 dried leaves of the Artemisia nwxa, — a kind of 
 mugwort. With thi.s dovpn they form a cone, 
 which is placed upon the part intended to be 
 cauterized, and is set fire to at the top. The 
 heat and, pain gradually increase, in proportion 
 as the combustion proceeds, downwards, until 
 ultimately an eschar may be formed. In Eu- 
 rope and this country, the same operation is 
 usually practised with a cylinder of cotton wool, 
 or with one formed from the pith of the greater 
 sun-flower. This 'mode of cauterization is em-' 
 ployed as a powerful couhter-irritant; which it 
 assuredly is. Sloughing may be, in some mea- 
 sure prevfepted, according to Baron Larrey, by 
 the application of liquid ammonia to'ithe burnt 
 part. 
 
 MOXIBURIUM, Moxa. 
 
 MOXIBUS'TION, Moxihus'tio, Encau'sis. 
 Mode of cauterization by means of moxa. 
 
 MOXOJNT'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA, 
 see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's. 
 
 MUCAGOj Mucilag"fe. 
 
 MUCARUM, Mucharum. 
 
 MUCEDO, Mucilage. 
 
 MUCHA'RUM, Muca'mm. A barbarous 
 1 term, formerly used for an aqueous infusion of 
 roses, sweetened and evaporated to the consist- 
 ence of syrup. 
 
 MUCIFIC, Blennogenous; 
 ^ . MU'CIFOllM, Muciform'ia, Myxo'des, Blen- 
 no'des, Blennoi'des, Blennoi'dfius, from mucits, 
 tiDi forma, 'form.' Resembling mucus in cha- 
 racter or appearance. 
 
 MU'CILAGE, Miicila'go, Muca'go, Muce'do, 
 from the Lat. mucus, — itself presumed to be 
 from mungere, ' to wipe the nose.' A mixture 
 of gum and a small quailtity of matter analogous 
 to mucus, which is found in abundance in lin- 
 seed, quince-seed, &c. It is obtained by heating 
 with water the parts, or products, of plants which 
 contain it. It is much used in the preparation 
 of emollient cataplasms and the greater part of 
 the demulcent tisanes.. 
 
 Mucilage, Animal, Mucus — m. of Quince 
 
 seeds, Decoctum cydoniae — m. Starch, Mucila- 
 go amyli. 
 
 MXTCILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous. 
 
 MUCILAG"INOUS, Mucilagino'sus, Gum- 
 mo^sus, Gummio'des, G^immido'des, (F.) 2\^u- 
 cilagineux. Gummy. Resembling gum. That 
 which possesses the character of mucilage. 
 
 MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Synovia. 
 
 MuoiLAGO AbA'cijE, M. AcacicB Arab'ic(B, M. 
 (rummi Arab.'icai Mucilage of aca'eia, M, of 
 gum Arabic. {Acaciiegiim.con\,ViS.'^\v,uq.ferv. 
 Oss. Rub the gum with the water gradually add- 
 ed.) Demulcent. To allay coughi'but, chiefly, 
 to suspend insoluble matters in water, &c. 
 
 MuoiLAGO Am'yli, Starch mutilage. {Amyli 
 3iij. aqua Oi. Rub the starch with the water 
 gradually added; theii boil till it forms a muci- 
 ' ;e. Ph. L.) Demulcent. Generally given 
 per anvm. , . , 
 
 ' MuciLAGo Articulorum seu Jumctukakum, 
 Synovia^ ' 
 
 MuCIL^GO AsfRAG'ALI TEAGAOAN'Tlla:, M. 
 
 tragacanthse, M. gvmmi tragacanth.se. Mucilage 
 of tragaccinth.. \Gummitragacanth, §j, aquat 
 bullient. Oj. Macerate for 24 hours ; triturate 
 till the .gum is dissolved, and press through 
 linen.) For pharmaceutical purposes. 
 
 MuciLAGo CkETicA, MistursB cretae — m. 
 Gummi Arabici, M. acaciae — in. Semmis'cydo- 
 nii mali, Decoctum cydoniae — rn. Gummi traga- 
 canthae; M. astragali tragacanthae — m. Traga- 
 canthas, M. astragali tragacanthas. 
 
 MUCIN, Mucus. 
 
 MUCIP'AROtrS, Mueip^arus, from mucus, 
 and jjarjo, ' I bring forth.' Mucous producing; 
 zsmucifaroiis |lai)ds or follicles, , ' 
 
 MUCOCE'LE, 'Hernia saeci laehryma'lis, 
 from mucus, and xTjiij, ' ruptur^.' An 6ri- 
 largement Or protrusion of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the lachrymal passages "giving; occa- 
 sion to fistula lachrymalis. Also, dropsy of the 
 lachrymal sac. 
 
 MUCO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
 • MDGO-PU'RULENT, - Muco-purulen'tuy, 
 Pyoblen'micus,iioia mucus, and pus. Having 
 the character or appearance of mucus and pus. 
 
 MUCOR, Euros, Mucus — m. Nariimi, Nasal 
 mucus. - 
 
 MUCOSITAS, Mucus. 
 -^ MUCOS'ITY, Mucos'itas. A fluid, which 
 resembles mucus, or contains a certain quantity 
 of it. 
 
 MUCOUS, Mvco'sus. An epithet for all 
 bodies containing mucilage .or mucus. It is, 
 also, sometimes used synonymously with gum. 
 In pathology, it is 9CCasionally employed to ex- 
 press the seat of a disease, as mucous disease, 
 mucous phlegmhsia ; that is, having its seat in 
 a^mucous membrane. ' , , 
 
 Mucous Membranes, see Membjanes — m. 
 Web, Corpus mucosum. 
 
 MUCRO, Apexi 
 
 Mucro seu Oor'yphl seu Fundus seu Vertex 
 Cordis. The apex or point of the heart-. 
 
 Mucro Humeri, Acromion. 
 
 MUCRONATA CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage.' 
 
 MU'CULENT, Muculen'tus, from mucus. 
 Slimy, viscid. i 
 
 MUCUNA, see Dolichos pruriens — m. Pru- 
 riens, Dolichos pruriens— m. Prurita, see Doli- 
 chos. 
 
MUeUB 
 
 563 
 
 MUNGOS RADIX 
 
 MUCUS, Mueor, Mueo'sus kumof, Mucos'- 
 itas, Myttaj JHyvus, Lape, Pitui'ta, Zoorwy'- 
 cus, Zoomyd'a, Animal mucus, Blenna, Ani- 
 mal mucilage, (F.) Mupieux animal, Morve, 
 Mucilage animal, presumEdtobefrora mungere, 
 'to wipe the nose.' A substance^ analogous 
 to vegetable mucilage; from which, however, 
 it differs, by affording sabcarbonate of ammo- 
 nia on distillation. Mucus exudes through the 
 skin, in a state of combination with a peculiar 
 oilyvmatter; and, drying, forms the epiderhiis. 
 It constitutes, in part, the different epidermeous 
 productions, as the hair, nailg, wool, and horn 
 of animals, feathers of birds and scales of fish. 
 It is found at the surface of the mucous mem- 
 branes, dnd presents some difference in its com- 
 position and properties', actording to the parti- 
 cular mucous membrane from which it is ob- 
 tained. Its cbief organic constituent is an albu- 
 minous compound, — mucin. Mucus preserves the 
 membranes moist j and in a state best fitted for 
 the performance of their functions. The French 
 give the term glaire to the thick; stringy mu- 
 cus, secreted by the mucous membranes when 
 in a state of disease. 
 
 Mncus Cakphodes, see Carphodes— m. Ca- 
 
 tharticus. Lichen Islandicus — m. Malpighii, 
 Corpus mucosum — lin. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
 
 MUD-APPLE PLANT, Splanum melongena. 
 
 MUDAR, Madar. TheCalotropis ■tmidarti 
 sen madarii; of, according to the generality of 
 authorities, the d?. gigantefa or Asele'pia^ gi- 
 gante'a. In the Hindoo practice of physic, the 
 bark of the root, as well as the concrete juice 
 of the plant, enters into various compound for- 
 mulae for the cure of elephantiasis and many 
 other disorders. Experiments instituted byDr. 
 Dunean, jr.,'exhibit its properties to be like 
 those of ipecacuanha. 
 
 MJJGV-BT, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m . 
 des Bois, Asperula odorata — m. de Mai, Con- 
 vallaria. maialis. 
 
 MUGfWORT, Artemisia vulgaris. 
 
 MULJTRE, Mulatto. 
 
 MULATTO, (F.) Muldtre, (S.) Mulata, An 
 individual of the hun^an species engendered of 
 a White and bfack fe^ce; from mulus, 'a. mule.' 
 
 The following table exhibits the proportion 
 of white blood in the various ca:stes,^^arising 
 from the hybridous admixture of white and 
 black,-7acoording to the principles sanctioned 
 by usage. 
 
 Pabents. 
 
 Offspring, 
 
 r 
 
 Degree nf Mixture. 
 
 Negro and White, 
 
 Mulatto, 
 
 1-2 White, 1-2 Black. 
 
 A¥hite and Mulatto, 
 
 Terceron, 
 
 ,3-4 1-4 
 
 Negro and Mulatto, 
 
 Griffo, or Zam'bo, 
 or black TercVon, 
 
 1-4 3-4 
 
 White and Terceron, 
 
 Quarteron, 
 
 7-8 ' 1-8 . 
 
 Negro and Terceron, 
 
 Black Quarteron, 
 
 1-8 r 7-8 -r— 
 
 White and Quarterpn, 
 
 Quinteron, 
 
 15-16 1-16 
 
 Negro and Black Quarteron, 
 
 Black Quinterou, . ■ 
 
 1.16— IS-K — 
 
 The last two were considered to, be respec- 
 tively white and black, in the British West In- 
 dia Islands; and the formed, prior to modern 
 changes, were white by law, and consequently 
 free. See Half-caste. 
 
 MULBERRY TREE, Morus nigra. 
 
 MULES (F.), Mu.l(B. .Chilblains on the 
 
 MULIEBRIA, Menses, Vulva. 
 
 MULIEBR<OSaTAS,.PMog-2^w'»a, from mu- 
 lier, ' a woman,'' muliehria, ' appertaining to 
 women.' Fondness for women. Hence, Mu- 
 liebro'sus, Muliera'rius,' ani- Muliero'sus; one 
 who is fond of women. 
 
 MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIiE^RITAS, Womanhood, from mulier, 
 ' a woman.' The state of puberty in the female. 
 
 MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
 
 MULIER PLENA, Pregnant. 
 
 MULLEIN, BLACK, Yerbascum nigrum— 
 m. Broad-leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum — 
 m. Yellow, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 MULLER, (F.yiWbwieMr. A moulder. A 
 stone held in the hand, with which any powder 
 is ground upon a flat horizontal stone. It is 
 sometimes called mullet. (F.) MoUette. 
 
 MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic. 
 
 MULQMEDICINA, Veterinary art. 
 
 MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater. 
 
 MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus. 
 
 MULSUM, Hydromeli— m. Vinosum, (Eno- 
 mel. 
 
 , MULTIFIDUS SPINiE, Transversalis dor si. 
 
 MULTILOC'ULAR, Multilocula'riiS, from 
 imiltusj ' many,' and loculus, 'a cell.' Having 
 many cells. 
 
 MULTIMAM'M^;'fTom multus, 'many,'r 
 and mamma, ' the breast.' A variety of hyper- 
 ^enesis, in which there are supernumerary mam- 
 mas. 
 
 MULTIP'AROUS, (F.) Multipare; from 
 multus, 'many,' and. parire, 'to. bring forth.' 
 One that brings forth several young at the same 
 time. \ 
 
 MULTITUDO, Plethora. 
 
 MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia. ^ 
 
 MUMIA, Mummy. 
 
 MUMMIFICA'TION, from mummy, and fia, 
 'to make.' Sceleteu'sis. The mode of pre- 
 paring a mummy. -- ' 
 
 MUMMY, Mumia, Arab. Mottmya, from 
 mum, ' wax.' Rebolea, Rebona, (F.) Mamie. 
 A dead body simply dried, or dried after having* 
 been embalmed. The latter acceptation is the 
 most common. Formerly, thfe Egyptian mum- 
 my wjis extolled as useful in contusions. It 
 was presumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and 
 resolvent properties. It is now only regarded 
 as an archaeological curiosity. 
 
 MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea. 
 
 MUNC'TIO, Aponiex'is, (F.) I'Aetion de 
 Moucher. The act of bldwing the nose. 
 
 MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents. 
 
 MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents. 
 
 MUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos. 
 
MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS 
 
 563 
 
 MCJSCLE 
 
 MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen. 
 
 MUQUBUX ANIMAL, Mucus. 
 
 MUR, Coryza. 
 
 MURALj Mura'lU, frQirt, murus, 'a wall.' 
 Vesical calculi are so called' 'vBhan rugous -and 
 covered with tubercles or asperities. They are 
 composed of oxalate of lime. ' 
 
 MURE, Moro, see Morus nigra. 
 
 MU'RIA, Halme, Scflsila'go, Brine, (F.) 
 Saumurei This was formerly used as a glys- 
 ter in dysentery, in certain ' inveterate neural- 
 gia, &c. 
 
 MuRiA, Soda, muriate of.' 
 
 MURIAS AURIC0-NATRICUM,3ee Gold. 
 
 MURIATE D'AMUONIAQUB, AmmonisB 
 murias — m. d'Amtnoniaqtie et de- fer, Ferrum 
 ammoniatum — m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see 
 Gold. 
 
 MURIAT'ICUM AC'IDUM, from muna. 
 Ae"idwm salts, Spir'itus salis mari'ni, Sp. 
 salis Glaube'ri,. Acidum mari'num concentra'- 
 tum, Acidum salis culina'ris, Acidum salis ma- 
 rini, Spir'itus salis ac"idus seu fwmans, Aci- 
 dum hydrochlor'icum, Muriat'ic acid. Spirit of 
 salt, iV,yAcide hydrochlorique ou muriatigue. 
 An aqueous solution of chlorohydric acid gas of 
 s. g. 1.16. The odour of muriatic acid is suffo- 
 cating; taste very acid and caustic. Itisnearly 
 colourless when pure ; Tjut commonly of a pale 
 yellow ! volatile ; the fumes visible. Muriatic 
 acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic proper- 
 ties. Itis used in typhus, cutaneous eruptions; 
 in gargles for inflammatory and putrid sore 
 throats, (gtt. XXX to f.,|vj of water,) &c. When 
 added to a pediluvium, it renders it stimulating. 
 
 AciDUM Muriat'icum DilVtum of the Ph. 
 U- S. contained four ounces, by measure, of mu- 
 riatic acid to twelve ounces of distilled water. 
 
 MURIDE; Bromine. 
 
 MURIER NOIR, Morus nl^ra. 
 
 MURIGENE, Chlorine. 
 
 MURINA, Bromine. 
 
 MURMUR AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium— 
 m. Intestinale seii intestinorum sea Ventris, 
 Borbprygmiis. / 
 
 Mtomur, Res'pieatoey. The noise. heard 
 during inspiration and expiration, especially 
 the former. It is produced by the passage of 
 ihe air through the brpnchial fubes and into the 
 air-cells. It has been also called .murmur of 
 the expansion of the lungs ; and, when distinctly 
 vesicular. Respiration of the cells or vesicular 
 respiration, (F.) Respiration vesiculaire. Ve- 
 sicular respiration is of course absent, when the 
 cells of the lungs have been obliferated from 
 jjgny cause. We may ib.fa have the Respiration 
 [yadle, Absence dy, bruit respiratoire. Silence, 
 and Respiration sileneieuse of ' the French 
 Writers- ' 
 
 ■^^ At times, it is rude during inspiration or ex- 
 piration, or both — ^the Respiration Hide or R. 
 rdpeuse of the, French. At others, there is a 
 Uounng sound, (F.) Souffle, Respiration souf. 
 fiante, as if some one wei;e blowing into the 
 ynscultator's ear through a tube. This is heard 
 in the healthy state over the larynx, trachea, 
 and about the bifurcation of the bronchia; but 
 when it proceeds from the lungs it denotes dis- 
 ease. 
 
 The respiration, perceived over the trachea 
 and bronchia in health, is called tracheal or 
 hronchial or tubal, {Y ,) Respiration bronehique, 
 
 Souffle tubaire, according to the situation in 
 which it is heard. 
 
 MuRMDB, Uteeikk, Pruit placemaire^—m. 
 Utero-placental, Bruit placeniaire, 
 MURRAIN, Coryza. 
 MURREN, Coryza. 
 
 MUSA PARADISI'ACA, Musa, Amusa, 
 Palmaku'milis, Ficus In'dica,Bata, Plat'amus. 
 The Plantain tree. Family, Musaceae. Seas. 
 Si/st. Hexandria Monogynia, It grows in 
 many parts of India and South America. The 
 &uit, which is largely eaten for bread, consists 
 of a mealy substance. It is clammy; has a 
 sweetish taste, and will dissolve in the mouth 
 without chewing. - The whole spike of fruit 
 often weighs forty or fifty pounds. The leaves 
 of the tree serve the Indian^ for table cloths 
 and napkins. Beings smooth and soft; they are 
 also, employed as dressings for blisters. The 
 water from the Soft trunk Is astringerit, and is 
 sometimes used in diarrhoea. 
 
 Musa SAPiEij'TUM. The Bana'na tree, Ba- 
 co'bcc, (F.) Bananier, Bacove. This differs 
 somewhat from the last. The fruit, Bana'na, 
 (S.)Platdno, is shorter, straighter, and rounder ; 
 the pulp softer and of a more luscious taste. 
 When ripe, it is very agreeable^ is eaten like 
 the plantain, and relishedby all ranks of peo- 
 ple in the West Indies. Both varieties are na- 
 tives of Guinea. ■ 
 Muse, Mask. ' 
 
 MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis. 
 MUSCADE, see Myristica moschata. 
 MUSCADIER, Myristica nioschata. 
 MUSCERDA, Moscliardina. 
 MUSCLE, Mus'culus, Torus, Mys, Myon, 
 from tivf, 'a rat;' because, say some etymolo- 
 gists, the ancients compared the muscles to 
 flayed rats. According to Diemerbrpegk, Doug- 
 las, Chaussier, &c., ij.ua>v comes rather from 
 lluuv,'to close,' 'to move,' &c., a function pro- 
 per to muscles. This etymon is the more pro- 
 bable. Muscles have been divided into those of 
 Animal life or of the life of rUlcUion — volun- 
 tary muscles — which execute movements under 
 the influence of the will ; as %ke muscles of the 
 limbs, head, trunk, &c.,'and into those of or- 
 .ganic life — involuntary muscles — which con- 
 tract under the influence of certain special sti- 
 muli ; as the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, 
 &c. Mixed muscles are those which b^ong 
 partly to each of these divisions ; — as the mns- 
 cles of respiration r the sphincters, &c. Mus- 
 cles that act in opposition tb each other are 
 called antagonists ; thus, every extensor has a 
 flexor for an antagonist, and 'vice versa. Mus- 
 cles that concur in the same afction are termed 
 congenerous. The muscles present numerous 
 varieties in form, size, situation, use, &c., and 
 have been .divided, by some, into long, broad, 
 and short. Each of these divisions comprises 
 simple and compound muscles. Simple or rec- 
 tilinear muscles have all their fibres ina simi- 
 lar direction : and only one body — as the Sarto- 
 rius. Pronator quadratus, &c. CoTHpound 
 muscles are those which have only one belly 
 and several tendon?, as the flexors of the fingets 
 and toes; or several bellies and several tejidoni, 
 — as the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lumbalis,. 
 &C. To the compound muscles belong, also, 
 the radiated muscles. Their fibres ^et outfroni 
 a common centre, and are arranged like the ra- 
 dii of a circle ; — such are the diaphragm, iliacus. 
 
MUSCLE 
 
 564 
 
 MUSCULAR 
 
 temporal^ &c. Penndted or Penniform Mus- 
 cles. Their fibres are arranged in two rows, 
 ■which are united at a median-line, at greater or 
 less angles; nearly as the feathers are inserted 
 into a quill., The palmaris longiis is one of 
 these. Setdi-penniform Muscles: iiieu fibres 
 are oblique, as in the last case; but they are 
 inserted only on One side of 'the tendon. ,Holr 
 low Muscles are,— ^the heart, intestines, urinary 
 bladder, &c. 
 
 Much difference has existed in the eniimera- 
 tion of muscles . Some authors r,eckoli theni at 
 upwardsQf 4O0. Chaussier admits only 368. 
 The greater part of the muscles are in pairs. 
 Very few are azy^ous. • 
 
 Muscles have been variously named. 1. Ac- 
 cordingto their uses,a.s diaphragm, buccinator, 
 extensors,' Jiexors, adductors, abductors, leva- 
 tors, depressors, &c. 2. According to their po- 
 sition, as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, 
 poplitaeus, anconeus, cubitalis, iliacus, );erhpo- 
 ralis, &C. 3. AccordiV'g to their shape, ?ts\iQ,- 
 .pezius,splenius, lumbricalis, serratus, digastric, 
 deltoid, scalenus, rhomboides,' &c. 4. Accord- 
 ing to their dimensions. Pectoralis major, rec- 
 tus capitis anticus major, pectoralis minor, glu- 
 taeus maximus, medius, and minimus. 5.^Ac- 
 cordingto .their difection, as obliquus abdomi- 
 nis, transvetsalis abdominis, rectus femoTis, rec- 
 tus abdominis, &c. 6. According toiheir com- 
 position, as semi-membranosus, semi-teridino- 
 sus, complexus, &c. 7. According to their at- 
 tachments, or the different points of the skele- 
 ton to which they are connected by means of 
 tendons or aponeuroses; as sterno-cleido-mas- 
 toideus, sterno-hyoideus, &c. On this is 
 grbiihded the nomenclature of M. Dumas, and 
 that of Chaussier. 
 
 The end of the muscle, which adheres to the 
 - most fixed part, is usually called the origin or 
 head, (F.) Tke; knd that which adheres to the 
 more moveable part, the insertion or tail, (F.) 
 Queue; the intervening part or body of the 
 muscle beingxalled the venter or belly. Venter 
 m-us'cvii, Me'dium .m-its' culi : hence, the names 
 gastrocnemii, digastficas, biceps, and triceps ; 
 according as they have two bellieS) two or three 
 heads, &c. 
 
 Muscl'es are formed, — 1. Essentially of the 
 muscular oi fleshy fibre, (see Muscujar Fibre.) 
 2. Of Cellular tissue, which unites together the 
 fibres. This cellular tissue is not. very visible 
 between the. fine and loose fibres; btit becomes 
 more so, when they unite in more considerable 
 fasciculi. . It forms, moreover, to each muscle 
 a^ external envelope, "vvhich unites it to the 
 neighbouring parts, and admits of its motion. 
 This envelope was- formerly called Tu'nica 
 propria musculo'rum. 3. Of Arteries. These 
 proceed from neighbouring trunks, and are, 
 generally, very large. Their size and number 
 are always' in proportion to the bulk of -the 
 muscle. With the exception of some viscera, 
 as the' lungs and the kidneys, there are few or- 
 gans that receive as much blood as the muscles. 
 4. Of Veins. They follow the same course in 
 the muscles as the arteries. Bichat asserts, 
 that they are generally devoid of valves. 5. Of 
 Lymphatics. Of these, we know little, and 
 cannot easily follow them between the fleshy 
 fibres, fi. Of Nerves. These are numerous, 
 and of different sizes. They, almost all, pro- 
 ceed from the encephalon; some, however, is- 
 
 sue from ganglions, and accompany the a: 
 rieg. In general, they penetrate the fleshy 
 suor along with the vessels, to which they 
 narrowly united. After they have entered 
 muscles, they divide and subdivide until t 
 are lost sight of. 
 
 MUSCLE CANIN, Levator anguli ori 
 m. Cannele, Ischio-trochanterianus. 
 
 Muscle of Gavaed. The oblique musci 
 fibres of the stomach. 
 
 MVSCLE GRAND FESSIBR, Glut 
 major — m. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethri 
 m. of Horner, Tensor Tarsi-^JH. of Housi 
 Compressor venae dorsalis peiiis — m. trh Lc. 
 du dos, Latissirnus dorsi — m. of Wilson,- Ci 
 pressor urethrse. 
 
 MUSCULAR, Musculoi'ris, Musculo't 
 Toro'snsi That which' belongs or relates 
 the muscles. Well filrnished with muscles 
 
 MusGULAK. Ak'tekies. Arteries that 
 distributed to the muscles. The name, M 
 cular Arteries of the eye, has been ^specii 
 given to two branches sent off by the ophtl 
 mic artery : — the one, inferior, which furnie 
 branches to the rectus inferior oculi, lachry 
 sac, &c., and scime of the anterior ciliary a 
 ries: the other— the superior, which is so 
 times wanting; but, when it exists, gi 
 branches to the rectus supelrior oculi and le 
 tor palppbrsB superioris. 
 , Muscular Cohteac''tion. The exertioi 
 \the power, possessed by muscles, of shorter 
 themselves,;or of contracting to produce : 
 tion : — muscular motion being the change 
 the situation and relation bf organs, induced 
 muscular contraction. When a mus'cle contra 
 its fibres assume more the zigzag direction j 
 the extremities approximate; but- the bull 
 the whole muscle is hot augmented. This c 
 traction takes place, at times, with extretne 
 locity : a single thrill, in the letter ji, can 
 pronounced in the l-30,00p0thpatt'of amini 
 The /oyc« of contraction, ilfyo(iy'Mo»M's,depe 
 upon the healthy physical condition of the tr 
 cle, combined with due energy of thp bri 
 The diiration, in voluntary motion, is' for a ( 
 tain time dependent upon the Will :-^coiiti 
 tions, excited involuntarily, cannot be so ] 
 maintained. 
 
 Muscular Fibre, Fleshy, fibre. A be 
 given to the filaments, which, by their uni 
 forrh the muscl'es. This' fibre is flat, s 
 downy, linear, little elastic, more or lesS i 
 and arranged in zigzag according to its len; 
 which is variable. It is firmer in adults t 
 in the young or the aged;' of the same siz 
 the gteatand small muscles ; and runs its cot 
 without bifurcation or ramification. It is 
 slightly resisting in tW dead body, teariiig 
 dily ; but during life, it supports very great 
 forts without laceration. It is, itself, compe 
 of a considerable number of fibrils, siinilai 
 each other, and subdividing almost ad inj 
 turn. The ultimate filaments into which 
 fibre can be decomposed by mechanical mf 
 seem to be hollow or tubular. The fibre ex 
 under two forms, the striated and non-stria, 
 the muscles composed of the former minister 
 as a general rule, to the animal function 
 the latter always, perhaps, to the organic. 
 colour of the muscular fibres is red in man, 
 white in several animals. A greater or 
 number, — united in fasciculi, Fascie'uli 
 
MUSCULARIS 
 
 565 
 
 MUTILATION 
 
 Lacer'ti muscwlo'rum, approximated to each 
 other, and forming a distinct mass, of very va- 
 riable size a,nd shape, the extremities being at- 
 tached to bones by means of tendons,— consti- 
 tutes a muscle. In this are included cellular 
 membrane, vessels and nerves. See Muscle. 
 
 Muscular Nerves, The nervesaistributed. 
 to the muscles are so named. Winslow calls 
 the 4th pair of nerves — Nerf musoulaire oblique 
 svperieur, ' 
 
 Muscular System. A term given to the 
 aggregate of the muscles of the body. 
 
 Muscular Veins. These bring back the 
 blcod, which has been carried to the muscles 
 by the muscular arteries. 
 MUSCULARIS, Xlorrohqrant. 
 MUSCULI ACCESSORIl AD SACRO- 
 LUMBALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis— m. Papil- 
 lares, Carneae columnae — m. Pectinati, Pecti- 
 nated muscles; 
 MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,>2Vf!M'c«;o-<:M- 
 
 ta'nms, from musciilui, ' a muscle,' Jmd cutis, 
 ' skin.' That which appertains to muscles and 
 skin. 
 
 MuSouLO-GuTANEOUs Nerve. This name is 
 specially given to two nerves ; — th^ one, the 
 External cutaneous nerve, furnished by the bra- 
 chial plexus (see Cutaneous : — ) the other, given 
 off from the poplitaeus externus, (F.) Nerf 
 Sciatique, PopHte externe ; — PritiUo digital, 
 (Ch.) It descends on the anterior and outer 
 part oi the leg, — ^at first, hid among the muscles ; 
 beconies superficial about the middle of the leg ; 
 and divides into two branches, which pass su- 
 perficially on the hack of the foot. 
 
 MUSCULO-RACHID^'US. Belonging or 
 relating to "muscles and to the spine. A name 
 given to branches, furnished behind by the in- 
 tercostal, lumbar, ^d sacral arteries; and which 
 are distributed to the spine and to the muscles 
 of the neighbourhood. 
 
 MUSCULOSA EXPANSIO, Platysma my- 
 oides. , ^ 
 
 MUSCULO-SPINALNERVE,Radialnerve. 
 MUSCULOSUS, Muscular. , 
 
 MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Ohliquus inter- 
 nus ' abdominis — m. Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis 1 
 abdominis-^m. Constrictorius, Sphincter: — m. 
 Cutaneus, Platysma myoides — m. Eustachii, 
 Laxator tympani — m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis 
 i^bdooiinis — m. Femoris membranosus. Fascia 
 lata — ^m. Patientise, Levator scapulae — m. Peni- 
 ' cillatus. Levator labii inferioris— m. Pyxoides 
 terrestris, Lichen pjncidatus — m. Scandijlarius, 
 Parathen^r — m. Subcutancus, Platysma my- 
 oides — m, Succenturiatus, Pyiamidalis ahdomi- 
 nis — m. Siiccingens, Diaphragm — rh. Supercilii, 
 Corrugator supercilii — m.'' Testicondus, Cre- 
 ; master — m. Testis, Cremaster — ^m. Tubae novae, 
 Circumflexus. 
 
 MUSCUS.ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus— 
 ra:'Caninus, Lichen canjnus — m. Clavatus, Ly- 
 rtjpodium — m. Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana 
 -^tn. Cranii humani, Lichen saxatilis — m. 
 Erectus, Lycopodium selago-^m. Helmintho- 
 tortos, Corallina Corsicana — m. Islandicus, 
 Jliichen islandicus — m. Marinu?, Corallina Cor- 
 6icana-^m. Maritimus, Corallina — m. Pulmona- 
 rius querciflus, Lichen pulmonarius — m. Pyxi- 
 datus, Lichen pyxidatus— m. Villosus, Peris- 
 troma. 
 MUSEAXIBE TANCHE, Os uteri. 
 
 MUSEUM ANATOM'ICUM, Supel'lex 
 anatom'ica. An anatomical museum. 
 MUSHROOM, Fungus. 
 MUSIC, Mu'sica, (F.) Musique, fTomfiovo-a, 
 musa, ' a song.' The art of producing harmo- 
 nious and cadenced sounds : an art, which has, 
 at ti'mesj been beneffcially used in diseases, 
 particularly, on those of the mind; or on whidh 
 the mind could act in a sahitary manner. 
 
 MUSICOMA'NI A, Musorria'nia, from music, 
 and mania. A' variety of monomania in which 
 the passion for music is carried to such, an ex- 
 tent, as. to derange the intellectual faculties. 
 MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 MUSIQUE, Music. 
 
 MUSK, Mosekus,Mosch, (Arab.) (F.) Muse. 
 A peculiar concrete animal subfetance, of a very 
 difFnsible odouf, hitter taste, and a deep brown 
 colour. : solid, and enclosed in a sac found near 
 the anus of the Moschus, moschif erus or Musk 
 Deer. It is possessed of stimulant and antispas- 
 modic properties. Dose, gr. v. to gj in bolus. 
 Musk, "ARTii'to"iAL, JVfoi'otei factif'ius, 
 Resi'na Siic'cini.' {01. succini rectif. 1 part, 
 acid, nitric. 4 pairts. Digest j-ra black matter 
 will be deposited, which must be well washed 
 with water.) 
 MUSKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus votnito- 
 
 MUSKMALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
 MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmOschus. 
 MUSKWOOD, Thymiama; 
 MUSOMAN-IAj Musicomania. 
 MUSSiEN'DA FRONDO'SA, Belil'la.Beh'- 
 son. A decoction of this plant has been 
 esteemed refrigeraht. 
 MUSSEL, Mytilus edulis. 
 MUSSITA'TIO, Mussita/Hon, from mussi- 
 tare, itself flora mussare, 'to murmur.' • A 
 condition, in which the. tongue and lips move, 
 as in the act of speaking, but without sounds 
 being produced. This sort of inurmuring is 
 an unfavourable sign in disease, as indicating 
 great cerebral debility. 
 
 MUSTA'CEUM : flora Mustacea, a kind of 
 laurus used in making it. A kind of wedding- 
 cake used by the ancients, which consisted 
 of meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other 
 aromatics ; its object— it has been conceived 
 — being to prevent or -remove the indigestion 
 occasioned by too great indulgence at the mar- 
 riage feast. 
 ■ MUSTACHE, Mystax. ■ 
 MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis--m. Clammy, , 
 Polanisia graveolens— m. Essence of. White- 
 head's, see Sinapis — m. False, Polanisia gra- 
 veolens — tm. Hedge, Erysimum — m. Mithridate, 
 Thlaspinampestre^m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria 
 — m. Treacle, Thlaspiarvense — m. White, Si- 
 napis alba — m. Wild, Sinapis arvensis. 
 MUSTELANEUS,.Galeancon. 
 MUSTUM,-WoTt. 
 
 MUTACIS'MUS, Mu'tacism, {lom/zvr ax lam, 
 '? I use the letter m too frequently." A vicious 
 prgnounciation ; consisting, according to Sau- 
 vages, in the frequent repetition of the letters 
 B, p, and M, which are substituted for others. 
 
 MUTEO'SIS. Under this name is compre- , 
 hended every phenomenon of expression, volun- 
 tary and involuntary,' which impresses the sight 
 or touch. 
 
 MUTIL A'TION, Mutila'tio, Maiming, from 
 mutilus, ' broken.' The removal or privajtiph of 
 
MUTINUS' 
 
 566 
 
 MYOCEPHALITIS 
 
 a limb, or of some other external part of the 
 body. In all countries, this crime Jias been 
 punished with severity^ 
 
 MUTINUS, Penis. ' 
 
 MUTISMS, Mutitas. 
 
 MU'TITAS, mutus, ' dumb.' Ohfumeaeen'tia, 
 Ala'Ha, Anau'dia, Dzmibness, Speech' lessness, 
 (Y.) Mutisme, Mutite. Impossibility of arti- 
 eulating sounds; although they can be elicited. 
 Dumbness is often congenital, and united with 
 deafness, qf which, it is a:n eifect. In some 
 cases it is accideiitali ' " 
 
 MuTiTAS Svkso'bum, Apho'nia Surdorvm, 
 Surdomu'titas, Deaf-dumbness. Speechless- 
 ness from deafijess; congenital, or produced 
 during infancy. The subjects of -this affection 
 are calledi deaf -dumb, (F.) Sourds-muets. -^ 
 
 MUTITA, Mutitas. 
 
 MUTO, Penis. 
 
 MUTONIATUS, Membrosus.' 
 
 MUTTERKORN, ^Tgot. 
 
 MYACANTHA, Ruscus. 
 
 MYASTHENI'A, from ^i/e, 'a muscle,' and 
 oo-'*ei'si«, 'debility.' Muscular debility. 
 
 MYCE, Occlusion. 
 
 MYCES, Fungus. 
 
 MYCHMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium. 
 
 MYCODERMA, see Porrigo favosa— m. 
 Cerevisiee, Tofrula cerevisiae. 
 
 MYCODES, Fungoid. 
 
 MYCORTHOPNCE'A; from^uxo?, ^mucus,' 
 and oQ6oTcroia, ' difficulty of breathing except 
 when in the erect attitude.' Orthopncea from 
 excessive secretion of mucus in the air-passages 
 — Ortkopn'ts'a pituitd'sa. 
 
 MYCOSIS, Fungus. 
 
 MYCTERES, Myxse, Nares. 
 
 MYCTEROPHQNIA, Rhinophonia., 
 
 MYCTEROXER'OTES; from nvxriigsg, 
 'the nares,'.and lijooTij?,. 'dryness.' Na'rium 
 sie'citas. Dryness of the interior ^of the nose. 
 
 MYCUS, Mucus. 
 
 MYDE'SIS, from fiviaa, ' I abound with 
 moisture.' In its most general sense, it means 
 corruption. By sonle, it is used for a mucous 
 discharge from inflamed eyelids; 
 
 MYDON, iMimv. Same etynaon. Fungous 
 or putrid flesh in certain flstulbus ulcers. — 
 Pollux. Also^ fleshputrid from mouldiness. 
 
 MYDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. Platycor'ia, 
 Platycori'asis^ Amydri'asis. A name given 
 by several writers to morbid dilatation of the 
 pupil; and, by others, to, weakness of sight, 
 produced by hydrophthalmia. 
 
 MYELAL'GIA; from /jm^at, 'the spinal 
 marrow,' and a^yat, ' pain.' Pain in the spinal 
 marrow. 
 
 MYELAPOELEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
 
 MYELATELi'A; from ^i/ewc, 'the spinal 
 marrow,' and nxihtia, ' want of end or finish.' 
 Incompleteness of the spinal marrow. 
 
 MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 MY/tLITE, Myelitis. 
 
 MYELI'TIS, M. parenchymato'sa, M. spi- 
 na'lis, Inflmnma'tio medul'lse spiha'lis, Spini'- 
 tis, Spinodorsi^tis, Notomyeli'tis, Raehiomyeli'- 
 tis, Rachialgi'Hs, (of some,) (F.) My elite. In- 
 flammation de la mo'elle epiniere ou raehidi- 
 enne, from ftveXof, 'the marrow,' and itis, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 spinal marrow or its membranes; — indicated 
 by deep-seated burning pain in the spine, with 
 
 various nervous and vascular irregularitie 
 function. It is not common. Dr. Mara 
 Hall proposes' to call the inflammation of 
 membranes of the brain Meningitis; that of 
 substance of the brain Myelitis. 
 
 Myelitis SpiNALis.Myelitis— m. Exsudati 
 Hydrorachis— m. Parenchyiriatosa, Myelitis 
 MYELOCHYSIS, Hyarorachis. 
 
 MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadi 
 
 MYELOMA, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELOMALACIA,; Mollities meduU* s 
 nalis. ' , ' 
 
 - MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid. ' 
 
 MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis-.- 
 Sicca, Tabes mesenterica. 
 
 MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'eula medu 
 spina'lis, from ^wjXoc, ' marrow,' and <f i//k*, 
 tubercle.' Tubercles of the spinal marrow 
 
 MYELORRHAGIA,' Apoplexiamyelitica 
 
 MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid. 
 
 MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis— 
 Diauchenius, Medulla spinalis — ni. Dorsil 
 Medulla spinalis — m. Notiaeus, Medulla s 
 nalis — m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 MYENERGl'A, from ^i/s, ' a muscle,' 
 and egyov, ' work.' Muscular strength. 
 
 MYGMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 MYIOCEPHALDM, Staphyloma. 
 
 MYIODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. , 
 
 MYITIS, Myositis, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 MYLACRI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLACEIS, Patella. 
 
 MYLE, Patella, Mole. 
 
 MYLICUS, Molar. 
 
 MYLODI, Molar teeth. 
 
 MYLODONTES, Mqlar teeth. 
 
 MYLO-GLOSSUS, from /m/ii;, 'the jai 
 and ywuooo, ' the tongue.' Winslow has giv 
 this name to muscular fibres, which pass fr< 
 the posterior part of the myloid line of t 
 lower jSw, and from the sides of the' base of t 
 tongue to the parietes of the pharynx. The 
 fibres belong to the constrictor superior pi 
 ryngis. 
 
 MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus 
 
 M^LO-HTon) FijRRow OR Groove. A fi 
 row which passes from the superior orifice 
 the inferior dental canal Of the lower jaw 
 the same direction as the ca,nal, and lodges t 
 mylo-hyoid nerve, a branch of the inferit 
 dental. 
 
 Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furro' 
 
 MYLO-HYOIDE'US, from ^«M,,.'the jav 
 and 'uitiSrig, ' the os hyoides.' Myluo'des, (I 
 Mylo-hyoidien. The Mylo-pharyngeus of Mt 
 gagni and Santorini. This muscle is situate 
 the upper and anterior part of the neck, behi 
 the lower jaw. . It is brqad, flat, and has t 
 form of a truncated triangle. It arises from t 
 internal oblique, internal maxillary qy myi 
 hyoid line of the lower jaw bone, and is i 
 serted at the fore part of the body of t 
 OS hyoides. Its innermost fibres unite wi 
 those of the opposite side to form a raphe :• 
 the median line. The mylo-hyOideus raises t 
 OS hyoides and carries it forward, or it depress 
 the lower jaw, 
 
 MYLO-'PHARYNGEUS, Constrictor ph 
 ryngis, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus. 
 
 MYOCARDITIS, Carditis. 
 
 MYOCEPHALI'TIS,iKyi'fM cephal'iea; frc 
 fiv(, ' a muscle,' Ktfalri, ' head,' and itis, d 
 
MYOCEPHALON 
 
 567 
 
 MTRISTICA 
 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mus- 
 cles of the head. 
 MYOCEPHALON, Staphyloma. ' 
 MYOCCELIAL'GiA, from fiuaj, « piuscle,' 
 xttKia, ' ahdomein,' and a^yctn, ' I suflTer.' Pain 
 in the muscles of the ahdomen. 
 
 MYOCOELI'TIS, Myocalii'tis, Infamma'tio 
 mnsculo'rwmabdom^nalium, from ^itoavj 'mus- 
 cle,' xoiMa, 'lower hellyj' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation, of the muscles of 
 the ahdomen. 
 MYODEOP'SIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 MY O'DES, from (uuc, ' a muscle,' and n*oc, 
 'resemblance.' Like unto muscle. Muscular. 
 MYODESOPSIA, Mfetamorphopsia. 
 MYODYNA'MIA, Vis muscula'ris ; from 
 /i3it, f a muscle,' and .tutxim, ' power.' The 
 force or power of a muscle. 
 MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction. 
 MYODYNAMIQMETER, Dynamometer. 
 MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer. 
 MYODYNIA, from a<um», 'musch,' and 
 tlvitl, ' pain.' Pain in the muscles,-— rheuma- 
 tismal or other. Rheumatism. 
 Myodynia Inflammatokia, Myositis, 
 MYOG'RAPHY, Myographia, from fivav, 
 -'muscle,' and y^a.^uv, 'to descrihe.' An ana- 
 tomical description of the muscle?. 
 
 MYOLEM'MA, Myoh'ma, from ftvifi, 'a 
 muscle,' and i«^|tta, ' a coat.' The membra- 
 nous tube of ^ach muscular fibre. It has also 
 the same signification as Sarcolemma. 
 
 MY'OLINE', from /iuwv, ' a muscle.' A name 
 given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent 
 substance that filb the cells, which, he con- 
 ceives, by their juxtapoiitibn form the ultimate 
 muscular fibril. 
 
 MYOL'OGY , Myolog"ia, Sarcolog"ia, My- 
 siolog"ia; from uvwv, 'a muscle,' and knyog, 'a 
 discourse.' That part of anatomy which treats 
 of the muscles. 
 MYON, Muscle. 
 
 MYONARCO'SIS, from nvav, 'a muscle,' 
 and vaQY.1], ' stupor.' Nuijibness of the muscles. 
 MYONITIS, Myositis. 
 MY ON'OSUS,, Myanu'sos, Myopat^i'a, from 
 /ivm, 'a muscle,' and voo-ot, 'disease.*^ A dis- 
 ease of the muscles. 
 MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum. 
 MYOPATHIA, Myonosus. 
 MYOPHO'NIA, from fiamv, ' a muscle,' and 
 qiayij, ' voice.' , The sound of muscular contrac- 
 tion, — as that of the ventricles of the heart, 
 ^ring the systole of that organ. 
 
 liYO'VlA, Myapi'afis,lMseios'itas,Myo'sis, 
 Porop'sis propin'qiui, Amblyo'pia dissito'rtim, 
 Dy^o'pia dissito'rum, Dysphp'tia, Visns ju've- 
 nwm} from fivm, '1 close,-' or from ftu(, 'a 
 mouse,' and anp, 'the eye;' Xfear-sighudness, 
 Mouse-sight, Purhlindness, (F.) Vite courie. 
 Persons who can only see objects very near.. 
 The defect is owing to the too great copvexity 
 of the eye, or too great density of the humerus, 
 and is palliated by wearing concave glasses. 
 
 MYOPODIORTHO'TlCON, fiom f4vc^,, 'one 
 that is short-sighted,' and tio^Samyov, 'having 
 power to correct.' An apparatus for the cure 
 of short-sightedness- — A. A. Berthold. 
 
 MYOPS, fimip, Luscio'sus, Myo'pus. Same 
 etymon. One affected with myopia or short- 
 sightedness. 
 
 MYORRHEXIS, from «ut, «a muscle,' and 
 {»lif, 'rupture.' Rupture of a muscle. 
 
 MyO'SIS, from /<«», 'I close.' Fkthi'sis 
 piipflla'ns. Permanent contraction of the pu- 
 pil. It is. usually cajjsed by iritis, and is ex- 
 treipely difiicult to cure. ,When it exists to 
 such an extent as to obliterate the pupil, it is 
 CiUled Synizesis. Also,' Myopia. 
 
 MYOSITi, Myositis. 
 , MYOSITIS, Myi'tis, Mysi'tis, M'yoni'tis, 
 Sarci'tiS) Khewmatis'mus phlegtnono'de-t, ^yo'. 
 dyn'ia inflairnnato'iria, JPhlegTna'sia myoic'aj In- 
 ficvmmatio seu FKttg'moni Musculo'rwm, (F.) 
 Myosite, InflammaMon des muscles, from fivitir, 
 'a muscle.' A name proposed -by Sagar for in- 
 flammation of the muscles. Also, Rheurriatism. 
 
 MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella,/Rheuma- 
 tism, Rheumatism, acute; 
 
 MYOSPASMUS, Cramp. 
 
 MYOTILITY, MyoHl'iths, from nuav, 'a 
 muscle.' Muscular contractility. — Chaussier. 
 
 MYOT'OMY, Myotom'ia, from /<uwv, 'a mus- 
 cle,' and teij.vuv, 'to cut.' The part of practi-., 
 cal anatomy which treats of the dissection of 
 the muscles. Also, the surgical operation of 
 the division of muscles to remove deformity, 
 
 MYOTYRBE, Chorea. ^ 
 
 MYRAC'OPUM, from'jKugov, 'an ointment,' 
 and xoTtoc, 'fatigue.' An!ointment used by the 
 ancients in cases of fatigue. 
 
 MYREPSUS, TJnguentarius. 
 
 MYR'IAGRAMME, from ^ug/a, '10,000,' 
 and yqcciufin., 'gramme.' A -weight equal to 
 10,000 grammes, or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces, and 
 6 drachms Troy. 
 
 MYRIAMETRE. A measure of 10,000 me? 
 tres; equal.to 16 miles, I furlong, 156 yards, 
 and 14 inches. 
 
 , MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA, Comptonia as- 
 plenifolia — i^, Cerifera, see Cerj flava et alba, 
 and Wax, myrtle. 
 
 Mtei'ca Gale, Myrtns Braharltica, M. 
 An^lica, Myrtifo'lia Sel'gica., Qaii, Gagel, 
 Rhus sylves'trisg Jic'ttron^ ElcBag'nus, E, 
 Cordo, Cham.alaag'nusi Dodonct'a, Dutch 
 7/iyrtl6y Sweet gale, .Swept willow, .Oandleherry 
 myrtUf (F.) Piment Royal, Th6 de Simon 
 PauH, G-ali adpr/nnt. Family, Amentaceae. 
 Sea;. Syst. Dicecia Tetrandria. The leaves, flo.w- 
 ers, and seeds have a strong, fragrant smell, 
 and a bitter taste. They are u^ed [i)v destroy- 
 ing moths and cutaneous insects, and the in- 
 fusion is given internally as a stomachic and 
 vermifuge. 
 
 MYRINGA, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRINX, see Tympanum. 
 
 MYRIS, Myrothe'cc, N-iirtM da., Narthe'- 
 cium, Narthea:, from fivifv, ' a perfumed oil or 
 ointment.' A perfumed oil or ointment box or 
 jar. 
 
 MYRISTICA, see M. moschat^, 
 
 Myeis'tica Moscha'ta, M. aromat'ica, Co- 
 macon. iVof . On^. Myristiceae. The tree which 
 produces the nutmeg and mace. (Y.)Muscadier. 
 The Nutmeg, MyristicaCJ'h. V. S.) Myri^'tica 
 nu'cleus, Myris'tiea moseha'tx mi'cleus., Nux 
 moscha'ta seu unguenta-'ria, Nncis'ta, I^ux Tny- 
 ris'tica, Chrysobal'anus Gale'ni, Vnguenta'Ha, 
 As'sala, Nux aromat'ica, (F.) Muscade, is the 
 seed or kernel. It has a fragrant, aromatic 
 odour ; an agreeable pungent taste^ and is much 
 used for culinary purposes. Alcohol extracts 
 its active matter. It has the properties of aro- 
 matics in general; being stimulant and stoma- 
 chic. The oil — O'leum myris'tiea — ^pos^e^ses 
 
MYRISTIC^ NUCLEUS 
 
 568 
 
 MYRTUS 
 
 the virtues of the nutmfef . Dose of the nut- 
 meg, gr. V. to 9j ;— of the.oil g". iij to g«. vj. 
 
 Ma'ce, Wads J 3\faces, Flares Triads seu ma^d- 
 dos, (F.) Fleurs de museade, is the involucrum 
 of the fruit; it is membranous, with the odour 
 and taste of the nutmeg, and is possessed of 
 similar qualities. The O'leum mads is a fra*- 
 grant, sebaceous substance, expressed in the 
 East Indies. It is only used externally. 
 
 MYRIBTIC^ NUCLEUS, see Myristica 
 moschata. 
 
 MYRMECIA, Formica. 
 
 MYRMECIASIS, Convulsio eereajlis. Formi- 
 cation. ■ _ 
 
 MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsib cerealis. For- 
 mication. 
 
 MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, For- 
 mication. 
 
 MYRMECIZON, Formicant. 
 
 MYRMECOSIS, Cpnvulsio cerealis, Formi- 
 cation. 
 " MYRMEX, Formica. 
 
 MYROBAL'ANUS, from ^ogov, ' an x)int- 
 ment,' and ^xKaroi, ' a nut;' so called, because 
 formerly used in ointments; Angeloc'acos, My- 
 ro'halan^ Glans unguenta'ria^T almaungiienta- 
 Ho'rum. A dried Indian fruit, oi' the plum' 
 kind, of different species of Termina'lia. Of 
 this there are several varieties — the M. Bellir'- 
 ica or Bellirio myrohala/n, Bellegw, Bellerigi, 
 B'.lnileg : — the M^ cheb'ula oi Chebule myrob'- 
 alan; the W. dt'rina or Yellow 
 
 Ara'ra ; the M. Em'hlica or emhlic myrbbalan'f 
 and the M. In'dica, As'uar, India/a, or Black 
 myrobaltfn. All the myrobalans have an un- 
 pleasant, bitterish, very austere taste;, and 
 strike an inky blackness with a solutioh of 
 steel. They are said to possess laxative as 
 well as astringent properties. 
 
 MYRON, Myrum, Unguentum. 
 
 MYROPISSOCE'RON. A topical application 
 in alopecia, referred to by Galen; from /uvg'v, 
 'ointment,' imrn-*, ^ pitch,' and xijjof, 'wax.' 
 
 MYROPCEUS, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROPOLES, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
 
 MYROSPERMUM PERUIFERUM, see 
 Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 MYROXYLON, see-M. Peruiferum. 
 
 Mtrox'tlon Peruif'erum, from ^i/^sv, 'an' 
 ointment,' and^uJow, 'wood;' Caburd'ba. Nat. 
 Ord. Leguminosae. The tree which affords the 
 Peru'vian balsam, BaX'samiim Peruvia'num, 
 Putzochill, Myrox'yli Peruiferi bal'samiuTn) 
 Myrox'ylon (Ph. U. S.), Balsamwm Perua'- 
 num, Cabureidha, Indian, Meqyican, oi; Ameri- 
 can balsam, (F.)Ba'iime de Perou. This balsam 
 consists of' benzoic acid, resin, and essential 
 oil. Its odour is fragrant and aromatic ; taste hot 
 and bitter : it is soluble in alcohol, and miscible 
 in water by the aid of mucilage. It is stimu- 
 lant and tonic, and considered to be expectorant : 
 as, such, it has been elnployed in paralysis, 
 chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and rheuma- 
 tism, gleet, leucorrhcea, &c., and externally, 
 for cleansing and stimulating foul indolent ul- 
 cers. Dose g". v. to g". XXX. 
 
 White Balsam, of Peru, Natural balsam, Bal '- 
 samum alburn^, Styrax alba, Balsameloi'on, 
 is obtained by incision from Myrosper'murri 
 jieruif'erum, 
 
 Myroxylon Toluifeetjm, Toluifera Balsa- 
 mum. 
 
 MYRRHA, /ii/gg«, Heb. -id; Sola, Stactl, 
 
 Ergas'tna, Myrrh, Calo'nia, Smyrna, M'^i 
 rubra, (¥.yMyrrhe. The exudation of -an i 
 known plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Fel 
 said to be the Balsamaden' dron myrrTia. T 
 gum-resin has a fragrant!, peculiar odour; a 
 bitter aromatic taste. ' It is in reddish-yello 
 light, brittle, irregular tears ; partially solul 
 in distilled water when aided by friction. 
 G. 1.360. It is' stimulant; and has been ui 
 ii cachectic affections, humoral asthma, chrdi 
 bronchitis, &c. Dose, gr. x. to 3j . 
 
 Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium. 
 
 MYRRHINE, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRRHIS ANNUA, Athamanta 'Creten 
 — m. Odorata, Chaei'ophyllum odoratum. 
 . . MYRSINE, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRSINELjE'ON, from ^ugirivi,, ' the m; 
 tie,' and txaiai, ' oil.' Oil of myrtle, — Diosi 
 rides. 
 
 MYRSINI'TES, /<ugo-iWT^?. Wine in whi 
 branches of myrtle have been macerated. 
 
 MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus. , 
 
 MTRTB CO JifiKTiV, Myrtus. 
 
 MYRTID'ANON, ,Mu§Ti&vov. An exci 
 scene?, growing on the trunk of the myrt 
 and used as, an astringent. Also, a wine 
 Vinrnm Myrtid'anurrt—xaa.&e from wild myr 
 berries. 
 
 MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA, Myrica gale. 
 
 MYR'TIFORM, Myrtiform'is, Myrto'd. 
 from myrtus, ' a myrtle,'' and forma, ' shap 
 Having the shape of a leaf of myrtle. A nar 
 given to a muscle (depressor alee nasi),' to t 
 fossa incisiva ; and to certain caruncles, &c. 
 
 MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depn 
 sor alse nasi. 
 
 MYRTI'TES. A name given to a medici 
 prepared with honey and myrtle berries. 
 
 MYRTLE, Myrtus— m. Berry, Vaccinii] 
 myrtillus-^— m. Candleberry, Myrica gale — i 
 Dutch, Myrica gale — m. Wild, Ruscus. 
 
 MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphae. 
 
 MYRTOCHILA, Nymphae. 
 
 MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
 
 MYRTON, Clitoris. 
 
 MYRTUS, My'K'tus 'comm,y,'nis, M. comimui 
 Itariea, Myrsinij MyrrhinS, The Myrtle, (I 
 Myrte Comriiun. The berries of this pla 
 have been recommended in alvine and uteri 
 fluxes and other disorders of relaxation and d 
 bility. They are moderately astringent ai 
 somewhat aromatic. 
 
 Myrtds Anglica, Myrica gale — m. Braba 
 tica, Myrica gale. 
 
 ' Myrtus Caryophylla'ta, Cassia, earyophj 
 la'ta, Canel'la caryophyllataj (F.) Capelet, Ca 
 nelle giroflee. The tree which, affords t 
 Clove bark; Cortex caryophylla'tus . This ba 
 is a warm aromatic ; resembling'Clove with 
 admixture of cinnamon. It may be used wi 
 the same views as cloves or cinnamon. 
 
 Myrtus Pimem'ta. The tree whict bea 
 the Jamaica pepper, Pimen'tiB baccas, Pimer. 
 berri.es. Pimento, Piper caryophylla'i'wm, Co 
 culi. Indi aromat'id. Piper chia'pa, Amo'mi 
 pimenta, Fructus pimenti., Carive, Caryophy 
 lus America'nus, Piper odora'tum Jamaicen\ 
 Allspice, Piper Jamaieen'sl, Piper tabas'cu 
 (F.) Poivre de Jamaique, Toute epice, Asso 
 rou. The unripe berries — Pimenta (Ph. U. S 
 — have an aromatic odour; resembling a mi 
 ture of cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves; t 
 taste is pungent, but mixed, like the odoi 
 
MYRUM 
 
 569 
 
 NANOCORMUS 
 
 Like other peppers, this is stimulant and car- 
 minative. ,The oil — O'Uum Pimen'tce — pos- 
 sesses the 'virtues of the berries. The pow- 
 dered fruit has heen -called Quatre epices or 
 Four spices. , Dos^, gr^ v. to Qij; 
 
 MYRUMj.Jtfyrora, /<b§ov. A perfumed oil or 
 ointment. A liquid perfume. The sponta- 
 neously exuding juice of many plants, especially 
 of that' from which myrrh is obtained, 
 
 MYS, Muscle. 
 
 MYSIOLOGIA, Myology. 
 
 MYSITIS, Myositis. 
 
 MYSTAX, Masiax.^ The hair growing on 
 eacb side of the upper lip in men. The mus- 
 tache or mmsiachio, (F.) MoustacJie. Also, the 
 upper lip. 
 
 MYSTE'RION,^uirT))gio», «a mystery.' An 
 arcanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in 
 general. Also, an antidote referred to by Galen 
 and others. 
 
 MYSTRON, fjtvarqcv. A Greek measure, 
 which held about threS drachms. 
 
 MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS. ' The common mus- 
 sel, (F.) Moule.^ A bivalve, the-flesh of which. 
 
 when at all in a' sttife of decompositiofij is 
 highly poisonous. When fresh, it is an agreea- 
 ble, but not very digestible article of diet. 
 
 MYU'RUS, Mem'ros. A pulse is so called 
 when it sinks progressively andbecomes smaller 
 and smaller like a rat's tailjfrdm /«ut, 'rat,' 
 and oi/f», 'tail.? Pulsus myurus recip'rocus, 
 a pulse, which, after having becdme gradually 
 weaker, resumies, by degrees, its former cha- 
 racter.- ' ' 
 
 MYXA, Mucus, Sebestina. 
 MYXiE, Mycteres. 
 MYXEOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura. 
 MYXODES, Muciform. 
 MYXOR'RHOOS, ^uloeeooc, froni /£!/?«,' mu- 
 cus,' and 56a, '1 flow.' One who is subject to 
 mucous dischaijge. Applied to an infant, that 
 discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and 
 saliva., 
 
 MYXOSARCO'MA, fromftu?o, 'mucus,' and 
 o-agS, ' flesh.' A tumour vfhich is mucocarneous ; 
 partly mucous and partly fleshy. ' 
 MYXOTER, Nasus. 
 MYZESIS, Sucking. „ 
 
 N. 
 
 N. This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg- 
 ment of Numero, ' by number.' 
 
 NABOT, Saccharum Candidum. 
 
 NABO'THI GLAN'DUL^, O'vula seaOva 
 Ndhothi seu Nabothia'tia, Ova'rium Nabotki, 
 FoUi'euli rotun'di et oblon'gi, Vesic'ulx seu 
 Bulla rotun'dcB cervi'cis U'teri, Vesic^ulcs- semi-' 
 na'les mulie'riim. Cur' pora gioho^ sa, Qorpus'eula 
 globo'sa, GlahdzilcB seu Hydat'ides cervi'd's 
 uteri. Small, mucous crypts or follicles situ- 
 ate in the interstices of the duplicatures of the 
 lining membrane of the cervix uteri. Naboth, 
 from noticing them in a morbid condition;, misr 
 took them for ova; and hence they received the 
 name Ovula Nabothi. 
 
 NACRA, Nahra, JVasa. A kind of influenza 
 common ih the East Indies. , 
 
 NACRE, Margaritaceous. 
 
 N^VI, seeNffiVus. 
 
 NiEVtJS, Nsevus mater'nus., iV. Sigil'lum, 
 Nota mater'ha, Nevus — Plural Ncevi, Mac'ulce 
 matri'cis, M. Mater' nee seu matrica'les, • Notts 
 infan'tum, Ijupus varico*sus, Stig'vicita^ Me- 
 trocel'ides, Congen'ites notes, Mother^s Marks, 
 Fancy m^rJes, Mother's spots, (F. ) Envie, 
 Tache de Naissance. Spots of various kinds 
 on the skin of children when bom, which have 
 been attributed to the influence of the mater- 
 nal iniagination on the foetus in' utero. They 
 are of various appearances, some much better 
 supplied with blood than others. Some are 
 merely superficial or stain-like spots. Others 
 are prominent ; eind often have long, irregular 
 hairs growing from them. These have usually 
 been called Moles, Spili, Spilo'ma, Epichro'ses 
 spin, &c. 
 
 When nsBvi are superficial, without any dis- 
 position to enlarge or spread, they need not be 
 meddled with : but all those that partake of the 
 character of aneurism by anastomosis had bet- 
 , tei be removed by the knife, where practicable. 
 
 NiEvus SieiLLUM, Nsevus. 
 37 
 
 NAFDA, Naphtha. 
 
 IJIAIL, Sax. nffijlj (&•) Nag el. Unguis, 
 Onyx, (F.) Ongle. A whitish transparent sub- 
 stance, similar to horn, which covers the dorsal 
 extremity of the fingers. Three portions are 
 distinguished in- it ; the extremity, which is free, 
 at the end of the finger ;— the budy or middle por- 
 tion adherent by its inner surface ; and the root. 
 Radix seu Matrix unguis, In'timum unguis. 
 The last presents two distinct parts ; the one, 
 termiflated by a thin, serrated edge, is bUried in a 
 duplicature of the skin; the other, called lu'nula 
 seu Semilu'nula seu Selene seuArcus seu Exor'- 
 tus seViAnat'ole stuAlbe'do un'guium, is whitish 
 and of a semilunar shape, and is situate above 
 the; part where the epidejmis terminates. The 
 nails are composed of a horny tissue, of the 
 same nature' as that which forms the hoofs, 
 horns, and scales of different animals. When 
 the nail' has been torn off', the papiHsEi of 
 the skin become covered by a soft, whitish la- 
 mina, whose consistence gradually augments. 
 New laminae are then formed utiderneathi and 
 give the nail the thickness it ought to possess. 
 The corneous substance, being thus constantly 
 produced at the extremity of each of these la- 
 minae, the whole of the nail is pushed forwards, 
 and it wrfuld grow indefinitely. Were it not cut 
 or worn by friction. 
 
 The nails protect and support the extremities 1 
 of the fingers against the impression of hard 
 bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold 
 of small bodies ; and dividing those that have 
 but little consistence. 
 
 NAIN, Nanus. 
 
 NAKRA, Nacra. 
 
 NANOCEPH'ALTJS, from rawr, 'a dwarf,' 
 and xtqiaM), ' head.' A monstrous state in which 
 the whole head or certain of its parts are too 
 small, whilst the trunk and extremities are 
 normal. 
 
 NANOCOR'MUS, from wh, ' a dwarf,' and 
 
NANOMELUS 
 
 570 
 
 NARCOTICS 
 
 jtoc/iotj 'a trunk.' • A. monstrous condition in 
 which the trunk is too small, wljilst the head 
 possesses its normal size. 
 
 NANOM'ELUS, from rm„,, 'a dwarf,' and 
 ficU;, ' a limb.' A monstrous condition in which 
 some part df an extremity is too small, and the 
 whole limb too short. 
 
 NANOSQ'MUS, from ^mog, ' a dwarf,' and 
 9-»iK«, 'body.' Dwarf Uhness. A state in which 
 the entire body with all its parts is smaller than 
 common. 
 
 NANUS, Pumil'io, Pu'milo, Pusil'lus, 'a. 
 dwarf,' {Pu'milus, Pomit'ius, ' dwarfish.') (F.) 
 Nain. One, who is much below the usual sta- 
 ture. The term is applicable to all organized 
 beings from man to the vegetable. Trees have 
 their dwarfs,-as the human species have theirs. 
 Some curious authenticated instances of human 
 dwarfs are on record. Bebe, the dwarf of Sta- 
 nislaus, king of Poland, vfas 33 inches (French) 
 long, and well proportioned. The Polish noble- 
 man, Borwlaski, who was well made, clever, 
 and a good linguist, measured 28 Paris inches. 
 He had a brother, 34 inches high, , and a sister 
 21. A Friesland peasant, at 26 years of age, 
 had attained 29 Amsterdam inches. C. H. 
 StSberin, of Niimberg, was under three feet 
 high at 20, yet he was well proportioned and 
 possessed of talents. General Tom Thumb so 
 called, was seen by the Author in 1847. He 
 was said to be 15 years old ; measured 28 inches 
 in height, and when weighed at the mint was 
 found to weigh 20 pounds and S ounces.. 
 
 NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha. 
 
 NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus. 
 
 NAPHiE FLORES, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 NAPHTHA, Acetone. 
 
 Naphtha, Nafda, Napta, Napta'lius, O'letim 
 petrcB album; from a Chaldaic and Syriac word 
 signifying bitumen. A bituminous substance, 
 found in Persia, Calabria, Sicily, &c. It is 
 liquid, limpid, of a yellowish white colour, a 
 smell slightly resembling that of oil of turpen- 
 tine, and lighter than water. It resembles pe- 
 troleum in its properties, and has been chiefly 
 used as an external application ; although, oc- 
 casionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhala- 
 tion in phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 Naphtha ViTiiioi.i,^Sther sulphuricus — n. 
 Vitrioli camphorata, Tinctura aetherea campho- 
 rata — n. Vitrioli martiaKs, Tinctura sen Alco- 
 hol sulphurico-eethereus ferri — n. Wood, Ace- 
 toiie. 
 
 ■ NAPH'THALINE, Naphthali'ntt, Naph'tha- 
 lin. When coal-tar is subjected to distillation, 
 naphthaline passes over after coal naphtha. It 
 is a white, shining, concrete, crystalline sub- 
 stance, fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°. It 
 is soluble in alcohol, .ether, naphtha and the 
 oils, but insoluble in water. It has been used 
 as an excitant expectoraipt, in the dose of 8 to 
 30 grains, in emulsion or syrup, and repeated. 
 It has also been used as an anthelmintic ; and, 
 when made into an ointment, in psoriasis, le- 
 pra vulgaris, &c. 
 
 NAPtFORM, Bunioid. 
 
 NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis. 
 
 NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate 
 of Naples in its general characters resembles 
 that of Nice, but it is more changeable: the 
 sirocco too, which is little known in Nice, is se- 
 verely felt at Naples. It is not a good resi- 
 dence for the phthisical invalid: Sir James 
 
 Clark, indeed, considers it altogether uns 
 able. 
 
 Naples, Mineral Waters op. In the Q 
 ter Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spr 
 rich in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic a 
 It is much used as an aperient tonic, and in 
 taneous aiTectib&s. 
 
 Naples Watek, Factit"io-[js, (F.) Em 
 Naples,Aqua Neapolita'na, Aqua add'ula hy 
 sulphura'ta. (^Acidulous water, containing 
 times its bulk of carbonic acid, §xv, and J 
 kydrosulphuretted water, ^ixj carbonate ofs 
 gr. viij; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M. Ph. 
 
 NAPTA, Nanus, Nata. 
 
 NAPTALIUS, Nanus.. 
 
 NAPUS, Sinapis — n. Leucosinapis, Sin 
 alba — n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus. 
 
 NAPY, Sinapis. 
 
 NAUCAPHT-E, Thymiama. 
 
 NARCAPH'THON,iVa«eapA'aom. Thel 
 of an aromatic tree formerly brought from 
 dia. By some, supposed to be that of the 1 
 which affords the olibanum. It was used in 
 migation, in diseases of the lungs. • 
 
 NARCE, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCEMA, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCESIS, Narcosis. 
 
 NARCISSE FAUX, Narcissus pseudo-i 
 cissus — n.des Pres, Narcissus pseudo-narcis 
 — n. Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
 
 NARCIS'SUS PSEUDO-NARCIS'S 
 Daffodil, (F.) JS'ardsse sauvage, JVareisse 
 prh. Faux nardsse. . The root is emttic 
 cathartic, in the dose of gij. The flowers 
 antispasmodic. "~Dose, 24 grains. . 
 
 NARCODES, Narcotized. 
 
 N ARC 0' SIS, -Nar'eotism, Narce, Na. 
 Narce'ma, Narce'sis, from ra^xora, ' I benun 
 Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefac'pio* 
 aggregate effects produced by narcotic s 
 stances. At times, narcotism is confined i 
 state flf more or less profound stupor ; and c 
 stitutes, in certain Cases, a useful remedial ( 
 dition ; at others, it is a true poisoning, cha; 
 terized by vertigo, nausea, a state of intox 
 tion or apoplexy, constant delirium, convuli 
 motions, &c. Emetics in strong doses, and 
 much diluted with water ; purgatives and gl 
 ters are the first means to be used in this c 
 dition. The stupor may afterwards be C( 
 bated by the use of exciting and stimulal 
 drinks. 
 
 Nakcosis Follicdlo'btjm. a state of 
 scalp, which Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceive: 
 be dependent upon torpid action of the hair 
 licles, and on which the scalp and hair are fo 
 covered with a yellowishj dirty-looking p 
 der, composed of an admixture of granular ] 
 tides and furfuraceous scales. 
 
 NARCOSPAS'MUS, from itagxTj, ' stup 
 and 07rccafs.os, ' spasm.' Stupor combined v 
 spasm . 
 
 NARCOTIA, Narcotine. 
 
 NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison. 
 
 NARCOT'ICS,'JVarco«'Jca, Carot'ica, Ok 
 pefacien'tia, Stupefacien'tia, Cerehro-spinM 
 (F.) Stupefactifs, Stupefiants. Same etyn 
 Substances, which have the property of sti 
 fying; — as opium, stramonium, hyoscyan 
 belladonna, &c. They are used in medicin 
 soothing agents; exerting their particular 
 fluence on the brain. In small doses, as a 
 
NARCOTINE 
 
 571 
 
 NASAL 
 
 neral principle, narcotics stimulate; in large, 
 they act as sedatives. The following is a list 
 of the chief narcotics : — Aconitumj jffitherea, 
 Belladopna, Camphora, Cannabis, Conium, Di- 
 gitalis, Humulus, Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium, 
 Opium and Morphia, Stramonii Folia, Stramonii 
 Semina, Mental Narcotics, (AJjpropriate Music, 
 Monotonous Sounds, or any succession of mono- 
 tonous impressions.) 
 
 NAR^COTINE, Narcoti'na', Nareot'ia, Nar- 
 eotin, Opia'num; same etymon; (F.) Sel de De- 
 rosne, Opiane, Sel-d'opCwnifPrinoipe crystatlizor 
 ble de Derosne. A solid, white, inodorous, and 
 insipid substance ; by some considered to be 'alka- 
 loid, by others neuter j crystallizable in straight 
 prisms with a rhomboidal base ; fusible lijce the 
 fats ; soluble in boiling alcohol and ether, and 
 scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine produces 
 all the unpleasant effects of opium ; but, at the 
 same time, throws the animal into a state of 
 stupor. It is not,used in medicine, on account 
 of these, objections. The salts, which are very 
 bitter, have been used successfully in.India for 
 the cure of interiliittents. 
 NARCOTISM, Narcosis. 
 NAR'COTIZED, Tor'pidus, Nareo'des. Af- 
 fected with stupor^ as from the use of a nar- 
 cotic. 
 
 NARD, CELTIC, Valeriana Celtica— n. In- 
 dica, Nardus Indica — n, Jmt^seTO,' Najdus Indica 
 — n. Indique, Nardus Indica — n, Fetit, Aralia 
 nudicaulis— «. Sauvage, Asarum. 
 NARDUM GALLICTJM, Valeriana Celtica. 
 NARDUS AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicau- 
 lis^n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica — n. Montana, 
 Asarurri. 
 
 Naed0S In'dica, Spiea nardi, Spica In'dica, 
 Andropo'gon narduS) Indian ndrd) Spikenard. 
 The root of this plant is one of the ingredients 
 in the mithridate and theriaca. It is mode- 
 rately warm and pungent, and has a flavour by 
 no means-disagreeable. It is used by the Ori- 
 entals as a spice: — (F.) Nard-Indien, N. In- 
 dique. An ointment was formerly used, called 
 Unguen'tum nardi'nwm. It was prepared of 
 Nard, Malahathrum leaves, Oil of worms, Cos- 
 tus, Amomum, Myrrh, &e., and was used as a 
 detergent. 
 Nardus Rtjstica, Asarum. ' 
 NARES, Rhines, Cam'itas Na'rivmi, Cavura 
 sen Ca'vea seu Ca.ver'na narium, Nasus inter!- 
 nu^, Mycte'res, Na'riv/m ad'itus, Ocketeu'rnata. 
 The nostrils, (F.) Marines. ' Two elliptical 
 apertures, situate beneath the nose, and sepa- 
 rated 'from each other by the cartilaginous sep- 
 tum nasi . These apertures are continually open, 
 and give passage to the air we breathe ; and to 
 theimueous fluids se'creted in the nasal fossae. 
 Nares Interne, Nasal fossae. 
 Naees, Posterior, Nares postre'mcBy Extre'- 
 VKB nares, Os'tia .posterio'ra seu Choa'nce na'-- 
 num, I^a'rium Ex'itus, (F.) Arriires narines, 
 Ouvertures, posterieures des fosses nasales, are 
 the posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, 
 which establish a communication between those 
 cavities and the pharynx. They are bounded, 
 aiove, by the body of the sphenoid bone j below, 
 by the palate bone, and the base of the velum 
 pendulum ; and, on the outside, by the internal 
 ala of the pterygoid process. They are sepa- 
 rated from each other by a septum, of which 
 the vomer is the bony part. 
 NARIFUSO'RIA, from nares, ' the nostrils,' 
 
 sxA- fundere, fusum, 'to pour.' Medicines 
 dropt into the nostrils. 
 
 NARINES, Nares. ' 
 
 NARIUM ADITUS, Nares— n. Siccitas, 
 Mycteroxerotes. 
 
 NARTHECIA, Formulary, Myris. 
 
 NARTHECIUM, Formulary, Myris. 
 
 NARTHEX, Formulary, Myris, Splint— n. 
 Asafoetida, see Asafcetida. 
 
 NASA, Nacra, Nata. 
 
 NASAL, Nasa'lis, from nasus, 'the nose.' 
 That which relates to the nose. 
 
 Nasal Arter,y. - This is the largest of the 
 two branches in which the ophthalmic artery 
 terminates. It issues from the orbit, above the 
 tendon of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes 
 above the side of thfe root of thenose, and anas- 
 tomoses with the last extremity of the facial- 
 Hailer gave the name nasal to the sphenopala-, 
 tine. He also called the dorsales nasi, fur- 
 nished by the external maxillary, Nasa'les late- 
 ra'les. 
 
 Nasal Bones, Ossanasi, Ossa nasa'lid,Os- 
 s'ie'uloi nasi, Ossa maadl'ltB superio'ris quarta 
 seu quinta seu secuh'da, (F.) Os nasawx, Os 
 propres du nez. These bones are situate be- 
 neath the nasal notfch of the os frontis, and oc- 
 cupy the space between the nasal or angular 
 processes of the superior maxillary bone i Their 
 shape is nearly quadrilateral. They have an 
 external, or cutaneous surface; an internal or 
 nasal, and four margins. Each is articulated 
 with its fellow, with the os frontis, ethhioid, 
 and superior maxillary bone. They ossify 
 from a single point. 
 
 Nasal Car'tilage, Cartila'go triangula'ris 
 Nasi, A cartilage formed of three portions, 
 Which unite at the dorsum nasi^ and are distin- 
 guished into the cartilage of the septum, and 
 the lateral cartilages. This cartilage is conti- 
 nuous, above, with the ossa nasi; and, irtferior- 
 ly, with membranous fibro-cartilages, which 
 form the supple and movable part of the nos- 
 trils. They are two in number — ^the one be. 
 fore, the other behind. 
 
 Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence, 
 Mesophryon. 
 
 Nasal Fosss, Cavi na'riv/m, Nares inter'nse, 
 are two large, anfractuous cavities, situate be- 
 tween the orbits below the craniHm,.and lined 
 by the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane^ 
 These cavities have no coinmunication with; 
 each other;! but the various sinuses in tlie neigh- 
 bouring bones; — the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, su- 
 perior maxillary, &c., all communicate with 
 them. The general cavity of each nostril is di- 
 vided by the ossa spongiosa into three meatus 
 or passages, which run from before backwards. 
 1. The Meatus Harium supe'rior^ placed at the- 
 upper, fnnet, and back part of the superior spon- 
 gy bone. 2. The Meatus mefdius,s\ta?tX,e be- 
 tween the superior and inferior spongy bones ;; 
 and 3. The Meatus infe'rior, situate between 
 the inferior spongy bone and at the bottom of 
 the nose. The Schneiderian membrane re- 
 ceives the first pair of nerves, and various 
 branches from the fifth pair. The arteries are 
 furnished by the branches of the internal max- 
 illary, known under the names of spheno-pala- 
 tine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar, paWtine, 
 pterygo-palatine; by the supra-orbitar, and 
 ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery, 
 by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor- 
 
NASALE 
 
 579 
 
 NASUS 
 
 sales nasi. Its veins are little known, and ge- 
 nerally follow the course of the arteries.- The 
 lymphatics are almost unknown. The nasal 
 fossae are the seat of smell ; they aid, also, in 
 respiration and phonation. 
 
 Nasae MEATus,-see Nasal fossae, ^ 
 
 Nasal Mucus, Miieus na'rium, FKlegmti na'- 
 rium crassum, Mucor seu Pitui'ta seu Blenna 
 seu Lympha muculen'ta nariwm^ Ajpomyx'ia, 
 vulgarly called Snot, (F.) Morve, is the mucus 
 secreted by the Schneiderian membrane. 
 
 Nasal Nerv^, Naso-palpebral, (Ch.,) Naso- 
 ocula'ris, (Sommering.). One of the three 
 branches of the ophthalmic nerve of Willis. It 
 enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fissure, passes 
 along the inner paries of that cavity, and di- 
 vides, opposite the internal and anterior orbitar 
 ibfamen, into two branches. 1. The inumal 
 and fosiei'iof, which passes into the Foramen 
 orMtariy/n internwni muerius, enters the crav 
 niiim beneath the dura mater, and passes into 
 the nasal fossae, through an aperture ^t the sides 
 - of the Crista galli. It afterwards ^divides in-to 
 several filaments : one of them — the Naso-lohar, 
 of Chaussier— is very small, and descends oh 
 the posterior surface of ih'e os nasi, and ramifies 
 on the integuments of the ala nasi. A second 
 terminates near the septum; others descend 
 along the outer paries of the nasal fossaj. 2. 
 Th& other is external and anterior, and is called 
 the external nasal nerve. It is distributed to 
 the outside of the orbit. Before dividing, the 
 nasal nerve communicates with the bphthalmic 
 ganglion, and gives off two or three ciliary 
 nerves : the Posterior Nasal Nerve. Siimine- 
 'ringhas given this name to the nerves, which 
 arise from the internal part of the spheno-pala- 
 tine ganglion. 
 
 Nasal Notch, (P.) ichancrure nasale. A 
 seritticircular notch, situate between the nasal 
 prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated 
 with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of 
 the. superior maxillary bones. 
 
 Nasal Pkocess, Maxi/llary bone, superior. ' 
 
 Nasal Pkominence, (F.) Basse nasale. A 
 prominence, situate on, the median line, ait the 
 anterior surface of the os frontis, bfetwfeen the 
 two superciliary arches. 
 
 Nasal Region, Ee'gio nasa'lis. The region 
 of the nose. 
 
 Nasal Spines., These are three in number. 
 
 1. The Swpe'riornasal spine of the,os frontis, 
 occupying the middle of its nasal -notch, and 
 articulated before with the nasal bones, behind 
 with the ethmoid. 2. The infe'rior and ante- 
 rior nasal spine', situate at the inferior par.t of 
 the anterior opening of the nasal fossse. It is 
 formed by the two superior maxillary_bones;~ 
 and 3. The infe'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, 
 Epine gutturaU, (Ch.) a process, formed on the 
 reiedian line by the two palate bones at the pos- 
 terior part of the palatine arch. 
 
 NASALE, Errhine., , 
 
 NASALIS, Compressor naris. 
 
 Nasa'lis La'bii Supekio'ris. A small mus- 
 cular slip, which runs up from the middle of 
 the orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose. 
 It lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasionally 
 a levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the 
 tip of the nose. 
 
 NASAS, Nata. 
 
 NASATUS, Membrosus. 
 
 NAS'CALE. A kind of pessary, made of 
 
 wool or cotton, which was formerly introduced 
 into the vagina, , after being impregnated with 
 oil, ointment, or some other proper medicament. 
 
 NASCAPHTHON, Narcap:phthon., 
 
 NASD A, Nata; , i ■ • 
 
 NASITAS, Rhinpphonia. , , , 
 
 NASITIS, Rhinitis — n. Postica, Angina na- 
 ■ sails. . 
 
 NASO, Nasu'tus, froln nasus, ' the nose.' 
 One who has a long nose. ■ : ' 
 
 N,ASO-hA'BlAh,Naso-labia'lis; fiomnasns, 
 ' the nose,' and labium, ' a lip.' ' Eelaiing to the 
 nose and jip. 
 
 Naso-Labial Line. A line or furrowj whiclj 
 separates the lip from'the cheek, and cottimences 
 at the ala nasi. , > 
 
 ^ NASO-LAjglA'L'IS.- A muscular fasciculus 
 described by Albinus, which arises from the 
 anterior extremity of the septuni nasi, and ter- 
 minates in the orbicularis oris. 
 
 NASO-PAL'^TINE, Naso-palati'nus. 
 That which belongs to the nose and velum pa- 
 lati. 
 
 Naso-Palatine Ganglion is,^situate in the 
 foramen palatinum aiiterius. Its greater extre- 
 mity receives the two nasorpalatine branches; 
 whilst the, smaller gives oif.two or three fila- 
 ments, which reach the palatine vault, where 
 they ramify on the membrane of the Same 
 name, anastomosing with filaments of the great 
 palatine nerve. 
 
 Naso-Palatime Nerve is furnished by the 
 spheno-palatine, which proceeds from the gan- 
 glion' of Meckel. It traverses the vault 'of the 
 nasal fossae, r.nd proceeds upon the, septum be- 
 tween the two layers of the pituitary ipem- 
 brane. I^ enters the anterior palatine canal, 
 and terminates at the , superior angles of the 
 naso-palatine ganglion, without attaining the 
 mouth. 
 
 NAS0-PALF£SRAL, Orbicularis palpe- 
 brarum. 
 
 NAST'A, Nata. 
 
 NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM, see Sisym- 
 brium — n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, 
 Sisymbrium nasturtium — n. Hortense, Lepi- 
 dium sativum — n. Indicura, Tropsolum majus 
 — n., Oificinale, Sisymbrium nasturtium — n. 
 Palu^tre, see Sisymbrium — n. Peruvianum, 
 Tropaeolum majus — n. Pratense, Cardamine 
 pratensis. 
 
 NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi. 
 .T^ASUS, The JVose, RJiin, Rkis, Or'ganon 
 olfactus seu pdora'tus seu olfactoyium, Pro- 
 monto'rium. faciei,: Myxo'ter, Emuncto'riii'iii. 
 cer'ebri, (F.) Nez: The nose is a pyramidal 
 eminence, situate above the anterior, apertures 
 of the nasal fossae, which it covers; and, con- 
 sequently, occupying the middle and-upperpart 
 of the face, between the forehead and upper lip, 
 the orbits and the cheeks. Its lateral surfaces 
 form, by uniting angularly, a more or less pro- 
 minent line, called the Dorsum seu Rhachix 
 seu Spina Nasi, (F.) Bos du nez. This line 
 terminates, anteriorly, by the lobe. The sides 
 are called Ala Nasi, Pinna Naris, (F.) Ailes 
 du nez. The columna is the inferior part of 
 the partition. Its apex or tip has been called 
 Glob'ulus nasi. 
 
 The chief varieties of the nose are the aqui- 
 line, the flat nose, (F.) JVez camarot ou epati, 
 and the smib nose, (F.) Nez retrousse. The, 
 nose is formed, besides its bones, of fibro-carti-. 
 
NASUTUS 
 
 573 
 
 NECRENCEPHALITS 
 
 lage, cartilage, muscles, vessels, and nerves; 
 and its use'seetas to be, to direct odours to the 
 upper part of the nasal fossse. 
 
 Nasus Internvs, Nares. 
 
 NASUTUS, Naso. 
 
 NATA, Natta, Nasa, Nasda, Nasta, Nnsas, 
 Napta. A flesby, indolent excrescence, having 
 the shape of the nat«s. ' 
 
 NATARON, Natron. ' 
 . NATA'TION, -Wo«a'«io, from natare, itseV 
 from Jiare, ' to swim.' Swimming. Theac- 
 tion of swimming, or of supporting one's self, 
 or moving upon the water,. Swimming resem- 
 hles the horizontal leap in its physiology — the 
 medium being water instead of air. , The" 
 difference between the specific gravity of the 
 hiiman body and that of water is not great ; so 
 that but little exertion is required to keep a 
 part of the body above water. Swimming is a 
 healthy gymnastic exercise, combining the ad- 
 vantages of bathing. . 
 
 NATES, Ephed'rdna, N'at'iilce, Sca'phia, 
 Clunes, Glutoi, Gluti, Gltt'tia, Sedi'lia, Pygi, 
 Monoe; the Bottom, Baekside, Poste'riors, Bnt- 
 tocis, &c., (F.) Fesses. Two round projec- 
 tions, at the inferior and posterior part of the 
 trunk, on which we sit. Amongst the mam- 
 malia, man alone -has the nates prominent and 
 round. They are formed .chiefly by the skin, 
 anS.athick layer of cellular tissue, which covers 
 the three glutsi muscles: 
 
 Nates CEiiEBiii,,see Quadrigemina corpora — 
 n. et TesteSj Quadrigeihina corpora. 
 
 NATRIUM, Sodium. 
 
 NATRON, Natrum,NcU'aron,Nitrum, Ana- 
 trum, Aphronitram, from Natron, a lake in Ju- 
 daea.. A saline compound, very abiindant in 
 Egypt, which is almost wholly formed of sub- 
 carbonate of soda. 
 
 NATRONIUM^ Sodium. . - 
 
 NATRUM, Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum, 
 Liquor sodae chlorinatae-^n, Muriaticum, Soda, 
 muriate of-^-n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of — a. 
 Praeparatum, Soda,Mbcarbonate of — n. Tarfari- 
 zatum. Soda, tartrate of — n. Vitriolatum, Soda, 
 sulphate of — 1^. Nitriciim, Soda, nitrate of^-i-n. 
 Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of — n. Oxy- 
 phosphorodes, Soda, phosphate of— n. Sulphuri- 
 cum. Soda, sulphate of. , ,- 
 
 NATTA, Nata. 
 
 NATUL.<E, Nates. 
 
 NATU'RA, tioranasei,' to be born or ari§e.' 
 Fhysis. Natiire. Also, Genital organs. 
 
 NATtj'EA MoRBl. The- essence or condition 
 of a disease^. 
 
 NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs. 
 
 NATURALIA, Genital organs. 
 
 NA'TURISM, Nat'uralism. A view which 
 attributes every thing to nature,, as a sage, 
 prescient' and sanative entity. — ^Nysten. See 
 Expectation. 
 
 - NA'TURIST. A physician who scrupulous- 
 ly investigates, interpret-s, and follows the in- 
 dications presented by nature in the treatment 
 of disease. 
 
 NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'Ha gamUr. 
 A plant of the family and tribe Cinchonaceae, a 
 native of the Malayan Peninsula and Indian 
 Archipelago, which yields large quantities of 
 the kind of Catechu known by the names Terra 
 J^afonfica, and Square Catechu, and which, in 
 
 Indian commerce, is called GaMeer. It is a 
 poiVerful' astringent, much Used in tanning, and 
 in medicine, as a substitute for .the Catechu of 
 the Acacia. ' 
 
 NAU'SEA, Nau'sia, Nansi'asis, Nate-lid'- 
 sis, Naa'tia, (F.) Naitsee, Envie de vomir ; 
 flora yatjq,navis, 'a ship;' because those un- 
 accustomed to sailing are so affected. Sickness. 
 A desire to vomit. 
 
 Nausea Maki'na ; Morhits nau'tieits, Vom'- 
 itus navigaV''tium's&\ii man'nus, SSa-siciness, 
 (F.) Mai demer. The sickness, vomiting,, &c., 
 experienced at sea by those- unaccustomed to 
 a sea life'; and from which those who are ac^ 
 custptaed are not always exempt. It generally 
 ceases when the person becomes habituated to 
 the mbtion of the vessel, a.nd not till then. 
 
 NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans. An agent^ that 
 excites nausea, which is a state of diminished 
 action. Nauseahts are, hence, valuable reme- 
 dies in diseases of excitement. 
 
 NAUSIA, Nausea. 
 
 NAUSIASIS, Nausea.' 
 
 NAUSIO'SIS. This, word, besides being 
 synonyrhbus with nausea, has been used to 
 express the state of yenous hemorrhage, when 
 blood is discharged by jets. 
 
 NAUTIA, Nausea. 
 - NAVEL, Umbilicus — n. , String, Funiculus 
 umbilicalis. 
 
 NJtVETi Brasslca rapa. 
 
 NAVETtE, Brassica napus. 
 
 NAVIC'ULAR, Navicula'ns, NaDifo/ mis , 
 from navicula, ' a little ship.' 
 
 Navio'ulae Fossa, Fossa Navieula'ris , F. 
 Seapho'i'des, Navic'tda, Scaph'uJa., See Sca- 
 phoid. This name has been given, 1. To a 
 small depression between the entrance of the 
 vagina and the pqsterioi comrtiissure of the 
 labia majora or fourchette. 2. To a perceptible 
 dilatation, presented by the urethra in' man, 
 near the, base-flf the glans. .3. l*o the super- 
 ficial depression which separates the two roots 
 of the helix. This is also called Scapha. 
 
 NAVICULARE OS,Scaphoide5.os. 
 
 NATIFORMIS, Navicular. 
 
 NAVIS, Vulva. 
 
 NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. - 
 
 NEB'UL A, Nubes, Ifubec'iila, Nepkos, Nejiti'- 
 ele, ,Nephe' lion, {'F..) Nuage, Ombrage. See 
 Calico; A slight speck on the cornea. A 
 mist or cloud suspended in the urine. 
 
 NEBULOUS, Nepheloid. 
 
 NECESSARY, Necessa!riusi (me, and ces- 
 sare.) The Necessaries of Life, Vita necessi- 
 ta'tes, (F.,) Besoins de la: vie, include every 
 thing requisite for the maintenance of life, aftd 
 particularly food. ' ' / 
 
 NECK, DERBYSHIRE, Bronchocele — n. 
 Swelled, Bronchocele — n. Stiffy TorticoUis^-n. 
 Wry, Torticollis. 
 
 NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE. These are 
 formed of the roots of hyoscyamus, Job's tears, 
 allspice Steeped in brandy, or the seeds of the 
 wild liquorice vine, to suit the fancies of the 
 prescribers. They are employed to facilitate 
 dentition in children, and to procure sleep in 
 fever. [!] 
 
 NECKWEED, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 NECRj3S'MIA, from vExgoc, ' death,' and 'oi^a. 
 ' blood.' Death of the blood. Death beginning 
 with the .blood. 
 
 NECRENCEPHALUS, Mollities cerebri. 
 
NECRODES 
 
 574 
 
 NEEDLE 
 
 NECROPES, Cadaverous. 
 
 NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills 
 of. 
 _ NECROMANCY, Necrom,cmti>a,Negroman- 
 ti'a,NecyomaMti'a,Nigromanti'a ; from vex^oq, 
 ' death,' and ^«vTfi«, 'divination,' Divination 
 by tbe dead. "> 
 
 NECROMANTIA, Necromancy,: 
 
 NECRON, Cadaver. 
 
 NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis. . 
 
 NECROPHOB'IA, ftom r^goyj ' death,' and 
 (fm/Jos, 'fear.' Exaggerated fear of death. This 
 symptom occurs in patients where the disease 
 is not mortal; as in hypochondriasis. In fe- 
 vers, it is not a good symptom. 
 
 NECROPNEUMO'NIA, Pneuma'aia gan- 
 grceno'sa seu typho'sa, Gdngfa'na seu Mortifi- 
 ca'tioseu^AnthramseTiCarbun^culus.Pulsno'num, 
 PneuTHo^ep'siSj Pneumoc'ac^){F ,) Gangrene du 
 ' Povmon; from jexjOjS, ' death,' and pn^monia. 
 Gangrenous inflammation of the lungs. This 
 may be diffused or circumscribed. The only 
 pathognomonic symptom is the extraordinary 
 and repulsive odour of the breath and expecto- 
 ration. The treatment consists in the use of 
 the chlorides internally, or ijf chlorine by in- 
 halation; allaying irritation by opium, and sup- 
 porting the patient by vpine whey, and nourish- 
 ing diet. 
 
 NECROPSIA; Autopsia cadaverica, 
 
 NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPIA, AutoiJsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
 
 NECRO'SIS, from tsxgom, <l kill.' Mor- 
 tification. State of a bone or of a portion 
 of a bone deprived of life. Osteogangrs^na, 
 Osteonecfo'sis. Necrosis may take place with- 
 out the surrounding soft parts being struck with 
 gangrene. It is to the bones what gangrene is 
 to the soft parts. The part of the bone affected 
 with necrosis becomes a foreign body, similar 
 to the gangrenous eschar, and its separation 
 must be accomplished by the efforts of nature, 
 or by art. " When necrosis occurs in the centre 
 of long bones, it never extends to their articular 
 extremities. The exterior layers of boYie form 
 a canal round the dead portion or sequestrum; 
 between these swollen layers and the seques- 
 trum, suppuration takes place; the matter 
 presses against the bony canal ; perforates it, 
 and is discharged by apertures, which become 
 fistulous. , 
 
 In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum 
 must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the 
 application of the trepan to the bone, &c., 
 
 NeokosiS Cerealis, Ergotisra-s-n. Dentinm, 
 Dental gangrene— n, Ustilaginea, Ergotism. 
 
 NECROTOMY, Dissection. 
 
 NEOTANDRA RODIEI, see Bebeeru. 
 
 NECTAR, from »i), 'a particle of negation,' 
 and KToai, ' to kill.' A pleasant liquor, feigned 
 by the poets to have been the drink of the gods, 
 and to have rendered immortal those who par- 
 took of it. A name given, by the ancients, to 
 many drinks; and particularly to one made 
 with wine, evaporated and sweetened with ho- 
 ney. 
 
 NECTARIUM, Inula helenium. 
 
 NECUSIA, see Wound. 
 
 NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NEDYIA, Intestines. 
 
 NEDYS, »ij3us. The belly, abdomen, stomach, 
 uterus. 
 
 NEEDLE. Sax. neb], naefel; from Teut. 
 n e t e n, 'to sew.' Acus, Pel'ini, Raphis, 
 Raph'ioii, Aces'tra, (F.) Aiguille. A steelin- 
 strument, used in many professions. In Sur- 
 gery, a steel, gold, silver, or platina instrument, 
 that may be rouiid, flat, or triangular, straight, 
 or curved, supported or not by a handle, but 
 having aliaays a point, by means of which it 
 penetrates the textures ; and often having, either 
 near the point, or, more commonly, near the 
 other extremity, an aperture or eye for the recep- 
 tion of a thread or tape, which it introduces into 
 the parts, ThesAigidlle a appareil of the French 
 is'' the ordinary " sewing needle used in the 
 making of bandages, &c. 
 
 Needle, Acupunctuhe, (F.) Aiguille h Afu- 
 piincture. An inflexible gold or silver needle; 
 conical, very delicate, four inches long, fur- 
 nished with a handle, and at times, with a ca- 
 nula shorter than it by about half an inch. Ala 
 ordinary needje waxed at the heady will answer 
 as a substitlite for this. See Acupuncture. ) 
 . Neeble, Cataeaot, Acus ophthaV mica, (F.) 
 Aiguille h cdtardcte. Needles of gold, silver, 
 euid steel have been used; the latter, alone, at 
 the' present day. The cataract needle is em- 
 ployed to depress or tear the crystalline when 
 opake., This needle is usually made from 15 
 to 34 lineS'long; and is attached' to a fine han-^ 
 die. The extremity may be, as in Scarpa's and 
 LangenbeCk's, pointed, prismatic, triangular, 
 and curved; in Dupiiytren's and Walther's, flat, 
 curved, and sharp-edged; in Hey's, flat, with a 
 semicircular and sharp end; or, as in Beer's,. 
 Siebold's, Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Grafe's, &c^ 
 straight and spear-pointed. A mark is gene- 
 rally placed upon the handle to inform the ope- 
 rator, — when the instrument is engaged in the 
 eye, — what side corresponds to the crystalline. 
 
 Needle Foa A.CdrjHTEa-OpEMiNG; Acus inr 
 vagina'ta, (F.) Aiguille a Coritre-ouverture, 
 Aiguille engainee, Aiguille, a gaine, — a long, 
 narrow instrument of steel;' the point of which 
 is fine and sharp on both sides ;-^the heel (talon) 
 having an aperture to receive a thread, tape, 
 &c., provided with a flat silver sheath, shorter 
 than the blade, the point of which it covers 
 when passing through parts xhat havff to be 
 respected. 
 
 Needle, Desohamp's, Pavpe's needle, (F.) 
 Aiguille de Deschamps, Aiguille a manche, &c., 
 is the last described needle, fixed to a handle. 
 The eye is placed near the point. It is em- 
 ployed in the ligature of deep-seated arteries. 
 
 Needle, Fistula, (F.) Aiguille a Pistule. A 
 long, flat, flexible, silver instrument ; having 
 an aperture near one extremity; blunt at the 
 other. This was formerly used for passing a 
 seton into fistulous ulcers. On one of its sides 
 was a groove for guiding a bistouri in case of 
 necessity. 
 
 Also, a long steel instrument, terminated by 
 a point like that of a trocar, which Desault 
 employed for penetrating the rectum, when ope- 
 rating for fistula that had no internal aperture. 
 
 Needle, Haee-Lip, (F.) Aiguille a Bee de 
 Lilvre. A small silver canula, to which is at- 
 tached a spear point, that can be readily with- 
 drawn. This needle, armed with the point, is 
 introduced at one side of the fissure in the lip, 
 and through the other. The twisted suture is 
 then applied, and the pin withdrawn. 
 
 Needle, Ligatuke, (F.) Aiguillt a ligature. 
 
NEEDLE-BEARER 
 
 575 
 
 NEPHRETIC 
 
 A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex- 
 tremity, vrith an eye near tlje other, which was 
 formerly used for suspending the circulation of 
 blood prior to amputation,, by being passed 
 through the limb, so as to include the principal 
 artery and' a part of, the muscles and integu- 
 ments. 
 
 Alsoj a steel instrument of various diftifen- 
 sions, round towards one of its extremities, 
 which was straight, and furnished with an aper- 
 ture i curved and flat towards the opposite, wnich 
 was pointed, and had a slight ridge on its con- 
 cave side. At the commencement of the last 
 century, this instrument was used to pass liga- 
 tures' around vessels-. 
 
 Also, a steel instrument of various dimen- 
 sions, flat, regularly curv^ in the forni of a 
 semicircle, with a sharp or lance point, an^ a 
 long eye, used with advantage in place of the 
 last. 1 - ; ' 
 
 Neeme, Seton, (F.y Aiguille a S^ton. A 
 long, narrow, steel blade ; pointed and sharp at 
 one extremity-; pierced ^t the other by an aper- 
 ture. The Aiguille a contre-ouiierture may be 
 used for the same purpose. 
 
 Needle, Suture, (V.) Aiguille a Suture. 
 For the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is 
 used J for the others, the straight or curved nee- 
 dle :-the straight needle is preferable for ;stitch- 
 ing up the abdomen, &c., in dissection. In the 
 suture of the tendons, a curved needle has been 
 used J flat on both sides, and cutting only at the 
 concave edge, in order that the instrument may 
 pass between the tendinous fibres without di- 
 viding them. ' 
 
 NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte'OguiUe. 
 
 NEEDLE-CARRIER, Forte-aiguille. 
 
 NkFLE, Mespilus (the fruit.) 
 
 N£.FLIEn,Uesmius. , ; 
 
 NEFREN'DES, lVo(^oi, Eden'tuli {m, pri- 
 vative, and aiivc, 5 a tooth.^) Persons devoid 
 of. teeth; Young children, for instance, who 
 have not cut themj or aged persons, who have 
 lost them. This state is called Nefrendis, 
 JSfodo^sia, Odofi'tia eden'tkla. 
 
 NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturi. 
 tlon. ^ 
 
 NkaRE BLANC, Albino. 
 . NEGRO, Ni'grita. One of the .Ethiopian 
 race. See' Homo. 
 
 NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NEl^iE'RA, Ne'i'ra, Irgius Venter. The lower 
 part of the belly. — pippocrates., 
 
 NEIGE, Snow. -, 
 
 NEIRA Neitera. ' ' 
 
 T^ELVM'mVMLV'TEVMXellout'netum'io, 
 Yellow water lily. Fond lily. Water shield, Wa- 
 ter nut$. Water chin'eapin, Jiatt,le nut. Sacred 
 lean. A beautiful water plant, common' in the 
 United States, and belonging to Nat. Ord. 
 Nymphaceas; Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. 
 The leaves are cooling ancf emollient when ap- 
 plied to the surface. The roots, leaves, and 
 nuts are eaten. The last are called by the In- 
 dians and others water ckincapihs. 
 ._ NELTJMBO YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum. 
 • NENUPHAR, Nymphaea alba— ». Blane, 
 Nymphaja alba — n. Jaune, Nymphaea lutea — n. 
 '0dorant, Nymphaea odorata. 
 
 NEOARTHRO'SIS, from not, 'new,' and 
 Kjfljov, < a joint.' A new joint ; an artificial 
 joint. 
 
 NEOG'ALA, from vsa, ' new,' and yalft, 
 'milk.' Milk secreted immediately after the 
 colostrum. Also, the colostrum. 
 
 NEOGENES, Nouveau-ne. 
 
 NEOGILES,'JVo«iDes«-?8e. 
 
 NEOGNUS, Nouveau-n4. 
 
 NEONATUS, Notiveau-^e. 
 
 NE'OPLASl'Y, Neoplai'ticl : from wis, 
 •new,' and wXurru, Tthairu, 'I forrh.' An 
 operative process for the formation of new 
 parts. It includes autoplasty, cicatrization of 
 wounds, and the formMion pf adhesions. — ^Bur- 
 dach. , . . V 
 
 N:fiOTTIA, Goodyera pubeacens. 
 
 NEP, Nepeta. ' 
 
 NEPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Ban- 
 du'rd. A CeylarieSe plant, the root of which . 
 is astringent. 
 
 NEPENTHES, from vri, negative particle, 
 and Tiey^SoCj ' gtief.' A remedy much extolled 
 by the ancients against sadness and melancholy. 
 
 The women of Thebes, according to ;Diodo- 
 rus Siceliotes, alone possessed'the. secret of its 
 composition;, and, accord^ing to Homer, Helen 
 introduced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to 
 have been opium. > 
 
 Nepekthes, Bangue— r-n. Opiatum, Pilulie 
 opiatSB. • 
 
 NEP'ETA, N. Cata'ria, Herbafelis, Ifep'ov 
 Catmint, (F.) Herie aud CAof jj-^^so^called, b«- 
 cause-^cats are fond of it. The leaves,' Cata'ria 
 (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and taste like those_ 
 of an admixture of; spearmint and pennyroyal. 
 It has'been recommended in uterine disorders, 
 dyspepsia, flatulency, &c. like pennyroyal; and 
 is much usediin domestic medicine, on the Ame- 
 rican continent, in flatulencies, &c., of; children. 
 
 Nepeta Agrestis, Melissa nepeta — n. Gle- 
 choma, Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 NEPHALIOTES, Temperance. 
 
 NEPHELE, EnsEorema, Nebula. 
 . NEPH,ELI0N, Nebula. , 
 
 NEPH'ELOi:^, NejjheloVdes, jSfephelo'des, 
 Neb'ulous, Nuhllo'sus.' An epithet applied to 
 urine when it is cloudy — JJri'na nevhelo'des. 
 
 NEPHOS, Nebula. ' 
 
 , NEPHRAL'GIA, Dolor Nephret'icus, Neu^ 
 ratgia Renum, { F. ) Nevralgie, des Reins, 
 Dysniphr oner vie, from vstpgo'f, '.a kidney,' and 
 ' aXynq, ' pajui' Pain and neuralgia in the kidney. 
 
 Nephralgia Arenosa, see "Gravel — ^h, Cal- 
 cttlosa, see Giravel — n. Rheumatica, Lumbago. - 
 
 NEPjEIRAPOS'TASIS, Nephropyo'sis, Ah- 
 sces'^us rena'lis, from r^tpjot, '. kidiiey,' and 
 a3'30'T«o-i5, 'abscess.' Renal abscess. ' 
 
 NEPHRATON'I A, from M(f 5 M, « kidney,' and 
 ■etTowa, ' "Want of tone.' Renum atdn'ic^ sevi pa^ 
 rafysis. Atony of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELCO'SIS, Nephropyo'sis, Helco'sis 
 rena'lis, from rsifjot, ' kidney,' and 'ixtuatrif, ' ul- 
 ceration.' Ulceration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELMIN'TIC,iVej)Aj-eimire'*8CKi,from 
 »i<P|05, ' a kidney,' and U\ftin, ' a worm,' - That 
 which is owing to the presence of worms in the, 
 kidney. 
 
 NEPHREMPHRAXIS, from n^goj, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and s/u^guira-ij}, 'I obstruct.' A name 
 given by Ploucquet to obstrtiction of the kid- 
 neys. 
 
 NEPHRET'IC, Nephrid'ius, NephHt'ie, ISTe- 
 phrit'ieus, from vsijigor, 'a kidney.' That 'which 
 relates to the kidney. Applied, especially, to 
 pain, &c., seated in the kidney. 
 
NEPHRETICUM 
 
 576 
 
 NERF 
 
 NEPHRET'ICUM, in Matma, Medica, 
 means a medicine employed tgi the cure of dis- 
 ejises of the kidney. 
 
 Nephreticum Lignum, Guiiandina morinea. 
 _ NEPHRET'ICUS LAPIS, Talcum mpiirit'- 
 icura, (F.) Pierre nephretique. Jade rdphrite 
 ou oriental. A green, fatty kind of stone,— 
 once used as an amulet against epilepsy ; an 
 absurd name, as there can be no such ujiivetsal 
 remedy. . 
 
 NEPHRID'ION, Fingue'do rena'lis. The" 
 fat which surrounds the kidneys.— Hippocrates. 
 
 NEPHRIDII7M, Capsule, renal. 
 
 NEPHRIDIUS; Nephretic. 
 
 NkpHRITE, Nephritis— re. AlhwMineuse, 
 Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
 
 NEPliRITES, Aspfialtites. 
 
 NEPHRITIC, Nephretic. 
 
 NEPHRITIGUM LIGNUM, Guilandina mo- 
 ringa. 
 
 NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites. 
 
 Nephritis, Empres'ma Neph,ritis, from Vi-. 
 <)>5«5, 'kidney,' and itis, 'denoting inflfimnja- 
 tioQ.\' Renwminflam'ina'tio,Nephro-phleg''inonS, 
 — Inflammiation of the Kidney^, (F.) Nephrite, 
 Inflammation des Reins, is,, characterized by 
 acute pain; burning heat, and a sensation of 
 weight in the regibn of one or both jkidneys ; 
 suppression or diminution of urine; fever; dy- 
 suria ; ischuria ; constipation, more or less pb-~ 
 stinate; retraction of the testicle, and numb- 
 ness of the thigh of the same side. It may be 
 distinguished into aimpU and calculous nephri- 
 tis. In the latter, the uriiie often contains small 
 particles of uric acid or of urate of ammonia„ 
 The most common causes of nephritis are, — ex- 
 cess in irritating and alcoholic ilrinks ; abuse 
 of diuretics; blows or falls on the region of the 
 kidneys; the presence of renal calculi, &c. It 
 may be distinguished from lumbago by the pain 
 which attends the latter on the slightest mo- 
 tion, &e. It usually terminates by resolution 
 in from one week to two or three. It may, 
 however, end in suppuration — pyonephrite ; or 
 may become chronic — chrononiphrite, (Pior- 
 ry.) In~the treatment, antiphlogistics, as bleed- 
 ing, bathe, &c., are required to the fiill extent; 
 with the use of diluents, opiates, &c. - i 
 
 Nephritis Aleuminensxs, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n.' Associated, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Cachectic, Kidneyj Bright's 
 disease of the — n. Sociata, Kidney, Bright's 
 disease of the. 
 
 NEPHRODES, Nephroid. 
 
 NEPHRODIUM FILIX MAS, Polypodium 
 iilbt mas. 
 
 NEPHROG'RAPHY,fromvs(f;of,'a'kidney,' 
 and yfaifri, 'a description.' An anatomical de- 
 scription of the 'kidney. 
 
 NEPHROHiE'MIA, from rt<fgiic, 'kidney,' 
 and 'aifia, 'blood.' Hyperasmia or congestion 
 of the kidney. 
 
 NEPH'ROID, Nephroi'des, Nephro'des, Re- 
 niform'is, frorn Vftpgoc, 'kidney,' and tiSot, 'form, 
 resemblance.' Reniform. Having a resem- 
 blance to a kidney — as 'nephroid cancer,' so 
 called because the morbid growth resembles 
 the kidney in structure. 
 
 NEPHROLITHI'ASIS, from re^got, 'a kid- 
 ney,' and XAos, 'a stone.' The disease of cal- 
 
 culus in the kidney; Litk'ia, rena'lis, lAthi'a- 
 sis neph,rit'ica, L. rena'lis. See Gravel. 
 
 NEPHROLITH'IC; same etymon. Belong- 
 ing to calculi in the kidneys. This epithet has 
 -been applied to ischuria, occasioned by. calculi 
 formed in, the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolog'.'ia, from vj<f go;, 
 'kidney,' ai)d Xoyoi, 'atreatise.' A treatise on 
 the kidneys. Dissertation on the kidneys and 
 their functions.' 
 
 NEPHROMALA'CIA,from»E(peot,'kidney,' 
 and /ialaxta, ' softness.' Softening of the kid- 
 ney. 
 NEPHROMETRiE, Psos. 
 JiTEPHRON'CUS, Tumor Una'lis, from rs- 
 ?jos, 'kidney,^ and oyaof, 'a tumour.' A tume- 
 faction of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, Nephro-pUeg- 
 mat'icus, from veipgoc, 'kidney,' and (fliyua, 
 Iphlegm.' A name given, by some authors, to 
 ischuria produced by mucus contained in the 
 urine. 
 NEPHROPHLEGMONE, Nephritis. 
 NEPHROPHTHI'SIS,from vtipfos, 'kidney,' 
 and ?S;o(i:,~-'consumptiali.' Phthisis from sup- 
 puration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPLETHOR'ICiiV«;)Aro-i);««Aor'i<!«s; 
 from ftjtpgoc, 'a kidney,' and Triij^mgo, 'pletho- 
 ra.' Belonging to plethora of the. kidneys. An 
 epithet given to ischuria . dependent upon this 
 cause. . • 
 
 NEPHROPY'IC, Nepltro-py'icus, from ve- 
 9gos, ' a kidney,' and jruov, 'pus.' Belonging to 
 suppuration of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROPYOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel- 
 cosis. 
 
 NEPHRORRHAG"IA, Samatu'Hiz rena'lis, 
 Hsemorrhag"ia renum, from veqiQoe, 'kidney,' 
 and gayi), 'rupture;' Froflu'vium san'guinis 
 e re'nilus. Hemorrhage from. the kidney. 
 NEPHROS, Kidney. 
 
 NEPHROSCLE'RIA, from i.j<psos, 'kidney,' 
 and a-xXj]gia, 'hardness ;' Indura'tio renum. 
 Induration of the kidneys. 
 
 NEPHROSPAS'TIC, Nephrospas'ticus,{Tom. 
 rKfQos, ' a kidney,' and c-nau, ' I draw.' That 
 which depends upon spasm of the kidney. An 
 epithet given to a variety of ischuria. 
 
 NEPHROTHROM'BOID,iV«;)Aro-*Afo»B4o;'- 
 des, fiom rtifgos, 'a kidney,' and -^go^iSof, 'a 
 clot.' That which depends upon clots of blood, 
 contained in the kidneys or their elects, An 
 epithet for a species of ischuria. 
 
 NEPHROT'OMY, mphro-lithot'omy, Ne- 
 phrotom'ia, JVephro-lithotom'ia^ Sectio rena'lis, 
 S.renis, from nifpoi, 'a kidney,' and rB/urim, 
 ' to cut.' t)issection of the kidney. Also, an 
 operation proposed with the view of extracting 
 calculi formed in the kidney, by means of an 
 incision into the tissue of that organ. 
 NEPHRUS, Kidney. 
 NEPION, Infans.» 
 NEPIOTES, Infancy. 
 NEPTA, Asphaltum. 
 NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
 NERF,'NeYve—n.Circokflexe,Axil\a.ryneTve 
 — n. Dentaire, Dental nerve — n. Fessier, Glu- 
 teal nerve — n. Glosso-pharyngien, Pharyngo- 
 glossal nerve — n. Gustatif, see Lingual nerve 
 — n. Gustatif innomine, Trigemini — n. Guttu- 
 ral, Palatine (middle) nerve — n. Gutturo-pala- 
 tin. Palatine nerve — n, Honteux, Pudic nerve 
 — n. Irien, Ciliary nerve — n. Ischio-olitorien, 
 
NERFS BEONCHIQTTES 
 
 577 
 
 NERVES 
 
 Judic nerve— ». Tschio-penieii, Pudic nerve — n. 
 LahyrintKique, Auditory nerve — n. Mentonnier, 
 Mental nerve — «. Moteur oeulaire externe, 
 ]^otor oculi externus — n. Oculo-musculaire ex- 
 terne,' Motor oculi externus — 7t. Oculo-muscu- 
 laire interne, Pathetieus nervus — n. JPiithetique, 
 Patheticus nervus — n. Peromire branche, Pop- 
 liteal nerve, external — n. Pharyngo-glosHen, 
 Pharynga-glossal nerve — n. Premiire paire tra- 
 ckelienne. Occipital nerve — «. Mertebro-digital, 
 Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Pretihio-digital, 
 MuBcula-cutaneous nerve — n.,Pretiiio siisplan- 
 taire. Tibial nerve, anterior — n. Radio-digital, 
 Radial nerye — ». Sciatique grand. Sciatic nerve, 
 great — n. Sciatiqua petit. Sciatic nerve, lesser 
 — n. Sciatique poplite externe, Musculo-cuta- 
 neous nerve— m. Sou&-oecipital, Occipital nerve 
 — n. Sotis-puiio-femordl, Obturator nerve — n, 
 Spino-cranio-trapexien, Spinal nerve — n. 5«iT 
 maxillaire. Maxillary superior nerve — n. Sus- 
 puUen, Supra-pubian nerve — n. Tibiale IrancTie, 
 Popliteal internal — n. Tracjceal, Laryngeal in- 
 ferior nerve — n. Trachelo-dotsal, Spinal nerve 
 — n. rrsJMOTefflii, Trigemini — n. a Trois cordes, 
 Trigeraini-^». Tympaiiique, Ciiorda tympani. 
 
 NERFS SRO.NCSIQUES, Bronchial 
 nerves — n, Ciliaires, Ciliary neryes — n. Mo- 
 teurs ocvXair.es eommuns, Motores oculoruih — 
 ». Sacres, Sacral nerves — n, Sous-costales, In- 
 tercostal nerves. x 
 
 NERIUM, N. oleander. 
 
 "Ne'eium ANTiDYSENTEE'ictjiH. The tree 
 which affords the Codaga'pala Bark, Cones'si 
 cortex, Tillicher'ry cortex. Cortex projlu'vii 
 Family, Apocyneae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mo- 
 nogynia. (F.) Codagapale,'- Cropale. The 
 bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour, 
 externally, afad is generally covered with a 
 white moss or scurf. It has an austere, bitter 
 taste, and has been recommended as an astrin- 
 gent in diarrhceai dysentery, &c. 
 
 Ne'eium Olean'dek, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'- 
 nis, Rosa'go, (E.) Laurier rose. The leaves 
 are reputed to be narcotic. The infusion is 
 employed internally, in herpetic affections, and 
 the povvder,' incorporated with lard, is used in 
 the itch. 
 
 NERONIA-NA (PHLEBOTOM'IA.) An 
 epithet given, for some cause, to phlebotomy, 
 when more than one vein was opened on the 
 same day. 
 
 NERPRUN PXIRGATIF, Rhamnus. 
 
 NERVE, Nervus, Neitron, rcvQor, ' a string. 
 (F.) Nerf. Neuron -and, Nervus meant also, 
 with the ancientSj'the tendons and ligamentSj 
 
 Paries nervosa; and hence this different accep- 
 tatibns of ' nervous i' — a man of nerve — a strong, 
 nervous man ; and a weak, nervous woman. 
 The nerves are tubular cords of the same sub- 
 stance as that which composes the encephalon 
 and spinal marrow. They extend from one or 
 other of the nervous centres to every part of 
 the body, comijnunicating, frequently, with each 
 other; forniing plexuses, and, occasionally, 
 ganglions; and being, at length, lost in the pa- 
 renchyma of organs. There are 42 pairs, and, 
 according to their origin-, they are termed Cra~ 
 nial or Encephalic, and Spinal, Each nerve 
 is composed of several filaments or cords placed, 
 alongside each other, and is surrounded by a 
 neurilemma. The encephalic nerves, except 
 the 6th pair, have only one root in the brain, 
 whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by two 
 roots: the one from an anterior fasciculus of 
 filaments, the other from a posterior, separated 
 from each other by the Ligamentum denticula- 
 tum; uniting outsid^' this ligament, and pre- 
 senting, near the intervertebral forarflen, a gan- 
 glion formed only by the posterior root.- The 
 two roots make, afterwards, but one nerve; 
 and, like the encephalic nerves, proceed to their 
 destination, subdividing into rami and ramus- 
 culi, until they are finally lost in the texture of 
 the organs. The trunks first formed are com- 
 monly round, and proceed alone, or accompany 
 the great vessels, being placed' in the cellular 
 spaces which separate the organs, and ^.re thus 
 protected from injury. Their manner of ter- 
 mination we are not acquainted with ; whether 
 the nervous pulp, for instance, be distributed 
 or lost in a membrane, as seems t6 be the case 
 with the nerves of sight, hearing, and smell, — 
 or are looped. Certain it is, that there is 
 considerable difference in the organs, as respects- 
 the quantity of nerves that terminate in thenlr 
 and the particular arrangement of the nervous 
 extrenjities. Some organs ,have numerous 
 nerves ; others seem to have none : a circum- 
 stance which influences tonsiderably the sensi- 
 bility of parts. 
 
 The Encephalic Nerves arise from the encSr 
 phafon, or are inserted into it ; (according as 
 we consider the- brain the origin or termination 
 of the nerves;) and make their exit by fora- 
 mina at the base of the skull. They are 12 in 
 number. The spinal nerves are 30 in number, 
 8 cervical, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 5 or 6 sacral: 
 the four inferior cervical being much larger^ 
 than the superior, becaiise they furnish the 
 nerves of the upper extremities. 
 
 SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES. 
 
 I. Qlfactory 
 
 i OjtiC 
 
 (3(1 pair.) 
 
 X. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves.. 
 J I'ivided into internal, external, 
 1 and middle brandies, which 
 1 are distributed on tlSe Schnei- 
 ( derian membrane. 
 
 J Terminate in the retina. 
 
 3. Motores Oculorum, 
 (3d pair.) 
 
 4, Pathetici 
 
 (4th pair.) 
 
 5, Par TrigeminvM.. . 
 (5th pair.) 
 
 Superior Branch. To the rectus 
 superior oculi and levatorpal- 
 pebriE superioris. 
 
 Inferior Branch. To the rectus 
 internus, rectus inferior and 
 lesser oblique muscles; a fila- 
 ment which goes to the oph- 
 thalmic ganglion. 
 
 To the greater oblique muscle 
 of the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmic Branch. Divided into 
 three branches. 1. The lach' 
 
 5. Par Trigeminum. 
 (Sth pair.) 
 
 rymal branch, to the lachrymal 
 gland and upper eyelid. 2, 
 Frojital branch, to the fbre- 
 liead and upper eyelid. 3. JVa- 
 sal branch, to the eyelids, na- 
 sal fosste, and nose. 
 
 Superior Maxillary Branch. 1 
 The oj-bitar branch, to the or- 
 bit. 2. The posterior and su- 
 perior dental,tothG last three 
 molar teeth and gums, 3. The 
 anterior denial, to the incisor, 
 canine, and two lesser mo- 
 14re3. 4. Infra-orbitar, to the 
 upper lip, cheek, and nose. 
 
 Inferior Maxillary Branch. I. 
 Temporal profound branches, 
 to the temporal muscle. 3. 
 
NERVES 
 
 578 
 
 NERVES 
 
 1. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves^ 
 
 5. Par TVf^cminum. . 
 .(5tb pair.) 
 
 6. AhdttceTilesl »^ 
 (Gth pair.) 
 
 7. Facial ^...^... 
 
 (Porlio dura of the 
 7th pair.) 
 
 8. Auditory 
 
 (Poitio mollis of the- 
 
 7tlipair-) 
 
 9. Glossopharyngeal. 
 (Portion of the bth pr.) 
 
 Masseterine branch, to the 
 masseter muscle. 3.. Buccal, 
 to, the inner surface of the 
 cheek. 4. f^tery^oid, to ihe 
 internal pterygoid muscle, 5. 
 J.inguaU to the mucous mem- 
 brane of the tongue. 6. In- 
 feriii^- dental, to the teeih of 
 the lower jaw, and to the 
 lower lijj. 7..>9ttrzc«/arbranch, 
 to the pavilion of the ear and 
 forehead. 
 
 To the rectus .ex tern us oculi. 
 
 1. At its exit fVom the cranium, 
 the posturiar awicular^ stylo- 
 hyoid, and.mfra-mastoid, to 
 the. pavilion of the ear, the 
 mastoid process, the digas- 
 
 . triciis, and the muscles at- 
 tached to the styloid' process. 
 
 2. Near the parotid gland, the 
 temporal, malar, buccal, supra' 
 mq,xiUary, and infra-mdzU- 
 lary to the whole superficies 
 of the face. 
 
 iTo the veslibule, semi-circular 
 canals, and cochlea. 
 
 fTo the b^se of the tongue and 
 pharynx. 
 
 r 
 
 10. Par Vagum 
 
 (8thi)air.) 
 
 11. SpH^yOt Acees- 
 soryiifWilViS..., "^ 
 
 13. Mypoglossdl.. 
 ;9th pair.) 
 
 1. m THE JVECKy—ashdrynr 
 ^ea; branch to the pharynx; 
 supei'ior laryngeaV bT3,1ich .t(^ 
 the, larynx, ana to some mua^ 
 cles of the inferior byoid re- 
 gion. Cardiac branches, to 
 the cardiac plexus. ' 
 
 2. JJV* THE CHEST,— the infe- 
 rior laryngeal branch to tbe 
 larynx: pulinon(fry branches, 
 which form the plexus o( 
 the same namei.cesophagcal 
 brahcbes to the oesophagus. 
 
 3. /JV THE JiBDOMEJV^^gas 
 trie branches to tlie parietes 
 of Jhe stomach; filanientB 
 which go to tlie npighboaring 
 plexuses. ' ^ . 
 
 At its exit from the craniuin— 
 the accessory 'a/ the pneumo- 
 gastric nerve anastomosing 
 with this nerve. In the neck 
 — filanients to the trapezius 
 muscles. 
 
 Cervicale8dcBcev!de7i^,t\> the iDUfi- 
 cles of the inferior ^oid re- 
 gion, and to the cervical 
 nerves. Filaments to the mus- 
 cles of the tongue. 
 
 Brae Jiial Plexus »■ 
 
 Cervical Plexus. , 
 
 II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves, 
 1. Cervical Nerves, 
 
 SAfttcrior Branch, Anastomo- 
 sing par arcade with'ihe se- 
 cond pair. . 
 t Anterior Branch. A branch 
 
 2d Cervical Pair \ anastomosing with the first 
 
 - vw fu-u* rufir J p^jj.. ^ (jrnnfc^ which g^oes to 
 
 ( the dervical plexus. ' 
 
 3d and ith Cervical {'interior. ^Branch. Concurring 
 
 Pairs. I in the cervical plexus. 
 
 The Posterior Br anhh of these four pairs ramifies on the 
 
 occiput and muscles of the ijuperficial and deep-seated 
 
 cervito-occipital regions. 
 
 ^Descewding BRAHCHisS.— 1. In' 
 temal descending, anastomo-' 
 sfng with a branch of the hy- 
 poglossus. 2. Phrenic branch, 
 to the diaphragm. 3. Ezter- 
 nol discGiiding branches, di- 
 viding into supra-Clavicular, 
 supraracroinial, iiifra-ckvicu- 
 lar, and cervirales profundi, 
 to the muscles and integu- 
 ments of the tipper part of 
 the chest and shoulder, to the 
 trapezius, levator scapuls, 
 rhomboideiis, &c. 
 
 Ascending BAahches. — 1. Mas- 
 toid, to the posterior and late- 
 ral part of the head, and the 
 inner surface of the pavilion 
 of the, ear. 2. . Avricular, to 
 the parotid gland and pavi- 
 lion of the ear. |( - 
 
 Saperjicial Cervical Branches. 
 (2.) To the platysma myoi- 
 des, digastricus, the integu- 
 ments of the neck,.&c. 
 
 Jlnterior Branches.. Assisting 
 in the formation of the bra- 
 chial plexus. 
 
 Posterior Branches. To the 
 muscles and integuments of 
 the posterior part of the neck 
 and upper part of the back. 
 
 1. Thoracic Branches, (2.) to 
 the anterior and lateral parts 
 of the chest. 2. Supra-scapu- 
 lary branch to ihe muscles of 
 the posterior scapular region, 
 3. Ivfra'scapulary branches 
 (3.) to the subscapularis, teres 
 major, teres minor, and latJs- 
 simus dorsi.' 4. The brachial 
 internal cutaneous, to the in- 
 teguments of the palmar and 
 dorsal surfaces of the forearm, 
 near the ulnar margin. 5, The 
 brachial external cutaneous^ 
 
 5th, 6th, and 7th Cer- 
 vical Pairs. 
 
 Brachial plexus.. 
 
 principallyto the integuments 
 of the palmar and* dorsal sur- 
 faces of the forearm, ne^r the 
 radial margin. 6.- Ihe median 
 nerve, to the for:earmi hand, 
 and palmar surface of all, the 
 fingers. 7. The cubital nerpe, 
 to the last two fingers. 8. The 
 radial, ^o the first tbr^e. 9. 
 The - axillary, around the 
 shoulder-joint, and to the 
 ' , neighbouring' muscles. 
 
 2. Dorsal- Nervf^y {Nervi dorsalesi) 
 
 J .interior Branch. To the bra- 
 I chial plexus. 
 
 J .interior Branches. An intef- 
 ) costal and brachial branch. 
 f ^interior Branches. Internal 
 \ branches, to the interco^tals, 
 triangularis sterni, pectoralis 
 major, and to the skin. Exr- 
 t^nal branches to the integu- 
 ments of the cbest, the obli- 
 quusexternns abdominis, and 
 the skin of the abdomen. 
 '.interior Branches. 'Internal 
 ^ branches, to the transversalii, 
 obliquus internus, and rectua 
 muscles, and to the skin of 
 the abdouien. External bran- 
 tbeSj to the integuments of 
 the chest, and to the muscles 
 and skin of the abdomen. 
 I .interior Branch, To the first 
 ) lumbar nerve, and to the miis- 
 1 clef and skin of the abdomen 
 ( as far a^ the iliac crest. 
 The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are distri 
 bated to the muscles and integuments of the baiikaiid 
 loiiiB. 
 
 3. I^mhar Nerves, 
 let, 2d, 3d, and ith < Anterior Branches. Concurring 
 
 . Lumbar Pairs 1 to form the lumbar plexus. 
 
 _ , „ . § Anterior Branch. Aiding in 
 
 M/irair ^ fprming the sciatic plexus. 
 
 The Post&rior Branches of the lumbar nerves are distri- 
 buted to the loins, sacrum, and nates. 
 
 1. Musado-cutaneous Branches, 
 to the number of three.' One 
 superior J to the muscles of the 
 abdomen, to the fold of the 
 groin, and the scrotum: 
 middle, to the integuments 
 and muscles of the abdomen: 
 and an inferior, to the skin 
 of the thigh. 9. A genito-] 
 crural branch to the integul 
 
 1st Dorsal Pair. 
 
 2d &. 3d Dorsal Pairs. 
 
 4th, 5tA, 6tA, and Ith } 
 DorsalPairs i 
 
 Sth.'dik, 10/A, and llth , 
 Dorsal Pairs. 
 
 Vith Dorsal Pair. 
 
 jMtnhar Plexus* 
 
NERVES 
 
 579 
 
 NERVES 
 
 Lmiiar'Plezus. 
 
 II. Spi'Aal or Vertebral Nerves, 
 
 ments of the scrotum, the 
 groin, and the thigh. 3. The, 
 crural nerve, to the integu- 
 ments and muscles of the 
 thigh, skin of the leg, and 
 tbot. 4. The obturator Derve^ 
 to the muscles at the inner 
 part of the thigh. 5. The 
 lumbosacral, to the sciatic 
 plexus. It givbs off the glu- 
 teal nerve to the glutsei mus- 
 cles; 
 
 Sacral Nerves. 
 i»f M '<! nnil 4th { ■^'^^or Branches. They form 
 
 ■ijA and fiiA Pnir« i ■^terior Branckes. To the parts 
 m ana btn fairs.... j in the vicinity of the coceySt. 
 The Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and in- 
 I tegunients of the nates. 
 
 Sciatic Plexus. 
 
 f\. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the 
 rectum. 2. Vesical, to the 
 bladder. 3. Uterine and va 
 glnal, to the vagina andutC' 
 rus. 4. Inferior gluteal, \0 the 
 gluteal muscles, perin?!um 
 and integgments of the poste 
 rior part of the thigh. 5. Pm- 
 dic, to the perinteum, penis, 
 or vulva, (i. Sciatic, divided 
 into the external poplit<sal. 
 which ramifies on llie integu- 
 ments and muscles of the ex- 
 ternal side of the leg, on the 
 dorsum of the foot, and the 
 dorsal surface of the toes; 
 and into the internal popliteal, 
 distributed on the dorsal sur- 
 face of the two last toes, to 
 the muscles of the foot, and 
 on the plantar surface of all 
 the toes. 
 
 Classifications of the nerves have been re- 
 commended according to their uses, in jirefe- 
 rence to the ordinary anatomical arrangement. 
 It has been remarked that the encephalic nerves 
 have but one root, while the .spinal have two. 
 Now, experiments and pathological facts, have 
 proved, that the anterior fasciculus of the mar- 
 row and the anterior roots of the" spinal nerves 
 are inservient to volition or voluntary motion : 
 and that the posterior fasciculus and roots are 
 destined for sensibility. Hence the spinal 
 nerves, which have two roots, must be the 
 conductors both of motion and feeling ; whilst 
 the encephalic, which, with the exceptioir of 
 the fifth pair, have but one, can possess but one 
 of these properties: — they must be either sen- 
 sitive or motive, according as they arise from 
 the posterior or anteriof fasciculus of the me- 
 dulla : and, consequently, three classes of nerves 
 may be distinguished. 
 
 C Arising, by a single root, 
 J from the posterior fascicu- 
 "i lus of the medulla oblon- 
 C gata or spinal marrow. 
 
 ! Arising, by a single root, 
 from the anterior fascicur 
 lus of the same parts. 
 ( Which have two roots : one 
 ) from the anterior, and one 
 \ from the posterior fasci- 
 \ cuius. 
 
 According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla 
 oblongata is composed of three fasciculi on each 
 side; an anterior, middle, ani.posterior. Now, 
 whilst the anterior and posterior -fiisciculi pro- 
 duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec- 
 tively; the middle, accorilihg to Sir _Charles, 
 gives rise to a third set of nerves— the respira- 
 tor tf. ' To this order belong :-^ 
 
 ^ 1. The accessory nerve of Willis, or superior 
 respiratory. 
 
 2. The par vagum. 
 
 3. The glosso-pharyngeal. 
 
 4. The facial or respiratory of the face. 
 
 I. Sensory. • 
 
 2. Motor . 
 
 3. Sensory and 
 Motor . . . 
 
 5. The phrenic. 
 
 6. A nerve which has the same origin as the 
 
 phrenic; — the exte'rnal i-espirfitory . 
 
 When a horse has ieseh hard-ridden, every 
 one of these nerves is in action. 
 
 This division is now, however, genel-ally 
 abandoned, and there does not seem to be a 
 thiifd column, especially destined for respira- 
 tion. ' ' ' 
 
 Sir C. Bell, again, has reduced the system of 
 nerves to-two great classes. J . Those that are 
 regular, primitive, symmetrical, an4 common 
 to all animals, from the worm to man ; which 
 have dohble roots, and presideover sensibility 
 and motion: and, 2. The irregular oi siiper- 
 added, which are added to the preceding, in 
 proportion as the organization Of animals oiSers 
 new or more complicated organs. To the first 
 class belong all the spinal nerves and One ence- 
 phalic — the 5th pair; — to the second, the rest 
 of the nervous syStein. 
 
 Lepelletier thinks we^are justified in diviiling 
 the iierves into five classes; — the first com- 
 prising the nerves of , special sensibility-.— the 
 olfactory, optic, lingual branch of the fifth pair, 
 'and the auditory; — the second, the nerves of 
 general sensibility, the fifth pair ; and the spi- 
 nal ilerves, through, their posterior foot; — the 
 third comprising the voluntary motors, the spi- 
 nal nerves, by their anteribi: roots, the motores 
 oculorum, qr comnioh oculo-muscular, the ex- 
 ternal oculo-muscUlar, and the hypo-glossal : — 
 the fourth, instinctive moioMy involuntary, the 
 respiratory nerves of Sir Charles Bell, the pa- 
 thetic, facial, glosso-phaf yngeal,pneumogasfriCj 
 and spinal accessory ; and the fifth, nerves of 
 vital association and nutrition — the filaments 
 and plexuses of tlie ganglionic system. 
 , Dr. Fletcher adoptq; a different arrangement. 
 He divides them into ganglionic and cerebro- 
 spinal; the latter being subdivifJed into the re- 
 spiratory, motiferous, sensiferous, and regular : 
 the, last including those which communicate 
 both the faculty of sensibility and the stimulus 
 of volition. His arrangement is contained in 
 the following table. 
 
NERVES 
 
 580 
 
 NERVES 
 
 , Ganglionic. 
 
 Cbr^bro-Spinal. 
 
 Those immediately connected 
 respectively with . 
 
 The Ophthalmic, 
 
 The Cavernous, 
 
 The Otic, 
 
 The Spheno-palatinie, 
 
 T^je Sub-maxillary, 
 
 The three Cervical, . 
 
 The Cardiac, 
 
 The twelve Dorsal, 
 
 The CoDliac. 
 
 The five Lumbar, 
 
 The five Sacral, and 
 
 The Coccygeal Ganglions. 
 
 Respiratory, 
 
 Mctiferous. 
 
 Sensiferous. ' 
 
 R''gular. 
 
 The Pathetic, 
 
 TJie Facial, 
 
 The Glosso-pha- 
 
 ryngeal, 
 The Pneumo-gaa- 
 
 trie, 
 The Accessory, 
 The Phrenic, and 
 The external 
 
 Respiratory. 
 
 The Motor ociili. 
 
 A part of the lower 
 maxillary branch 
 of the Trigemi- 
 nus. 
 
 The Abductor. 
 
 The HypO-glossal. 
 
 The .Olfactory. 
 
 The Optic. 
 
 The Ophthalmic 
 
 branch of the 
 
 Trigeminus.. 
 The upper ^laxil- 
 
 lary branch of 
 - the Trigeminus. 
 A part of the lower 
 
 Maxillary branch 
 of the Trigeminus. 
 The Auditory. 
 
 TheSuboccipital. 
 The seven Cervi- 
 cal. 
 The twelve Dorsal. 
 The five Lumbar. 
 The five Sacral. 
 
 Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed another di- 
 vision of the nervous sy stent, which is calcu- 
 lated to explain many of the anomalous circum- 
 stances we so frequently witness. He proposes 
 to divide all the nerves into, 1. The cerebral or 
 the .sentient and voluntary- ' 2. The true spinal. 
 or excito-motory. 3. The ganglionic or cyclo^ 
 gi(nglionic,-^the nutrient and , secretory. If 
 the sentient and voluntary functions he destroy- 
 ed by a blow upon the head, the sphincter mus- 
 cles will still contract when irritated, hepause 
 the irritation is conveyed to the spine, and the 
 reflex action takes place to the muscle so as to 
 throw it into contraction. But if the spinal 
 marrow be now destroyed, the sphincters re- 
 main entirely motionless, because the centre of 
 the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall thinks that 
 a peculiar set of nerves constitutes, with the 
 true spinal marrow as their axis, the second 
 subdivision of the nervous system ; and as those 
 of the first subdivision are distinguished into 
 sentient aild voluntary, these may be distin- 
 guished into the excitor and motory. The first, 
 or the excitor nerves, pursue their course prin- 
 cipally from internal surfaces, characterized by 
 peculiar excitabilities, to the true medulla ob- 
 longata and medulla spinalis ; the second, or the 
 motor nerves, pursue a reflex course from the 
 medulla to the muscles, having peculiar actions 
 concerned principally in ingestion and egestion. 
 The motions connected with thp first or cerebral 
 subdivision are sometinies, indeed frequently, 
 spontaneous; those connected with the true 
 spinal are, he believes, always excited. Dr. 
 Hall thinks, too, that there is good reason'for 
 viewing the fifth, and posterior spinal nerves 
 as constituting an external ganglionic system 
 for the nutrition of the external organs ; and he 
 pro'poses to divide the ganglionic subdivision 
 of the nervous system, into 1. The internal 
 ganglionic, which includes that usua;l]y deno- 
 minated the sympathetic, and probably fila- 
 ments of the pneumogastric ; and 2. The exter- 
 naZ ganglionic, embracing the fifth and poste 
 rior spinal fieryes. To the cerebral system he 
 assigns all diseases of sensation, perception, 
 judgment, and volition — ^therefore all painful, 
 mental, arfd comatose^ and some paralytic dis- 
 eases. To the true spinal or excito-motory 
 system, belong all spasmodic and certain para- 
 lytic diseases. He properly adds, that these 
 two parts of the nervous system influence each 
 other both in health and disease, as they both 
 influence the ganglionic system. 
 
 TBe main views of Dr. Hall on the excito 
 
 motory function have been generally embraced. 
 
 The following tabular view of the arrange 
 
 ment and connexions of the nerves and nervous 
 centres is given by Dr. Carpenter. It repre- 
 sents the most modern ideas on the subject. 
 
 Tabular View of the Nervous Centres. 
 
 Cerebral Ganglia, 
 
 the centres of the operations 
 
 of Intelligence and Will. 
 
 ll Sensoryganglia, C-Nerves of special 
 r I the centres of I sensation— motor 
 
 Nerves of special *] 
 sensation— motor | 
 
 fibres, mingled ^ Consensual, In- <{ fibres, mingled 
 with g^eral mo- 1 stinctive, and E- 1 with general mo- 
 tor-system. [?J J motional actions. X tor system. [?] 
 
 Cerebellic Ganglia/, 
 
 for harmonization of general 
 
 muscular acUc^ns. 
 
 Aiferent and mo- 
 tor nerves of re- 
 spiration, deglu- 
 tition, &c. 
 
 Trunbsof spinal 
 nerves, composed 
 of afierent and 
 motor fibres from 
 true spinal cord 
 and medulla ob- 
 longata; and. pro- 
 bably also of sen- 
 sory and niofor fi- 
 breSfConnected by 
 the longitudinal 
 strands of the cord 
 with the sensory 
 ganglia. 
 
 i Respiratory and 
 '. stomato-gastric' 
 ^Ganglia, in Me- 
 ) dulla oblongata. 
 
 3 "'o^ M is i 
 
 g .S"a=o 
 
 w B K» o m:^ 
 _ O -= <B _i.i l** 
 
 3.a o rt 
 « O.W — 
 
 - B "^ 
 
 3 ja"-"!.- o m o ' 
 
 o.t;_ o „.2 3 
 — B -S o a 3 
 
 A^rentand mo- 
 tor nerves of re- 
 spiration, deglU' 
 titron,&c. 
 
 Trunks of spinal 
 nerves, composed 
 of afferent and 
 motor fibres from 
 true spinal cord 
 and medulla ob- 
 longata ; and pro- 
 bably aisO of sen- 
 sory and motor fi- 
 bres, connected by 
 the longitudinal 
 strands of Ihe cord 
 with the sensory 
 ganglia. 
 
 Th^ nerves are covered and United to the 
 neighbouring parts by an abundant layer of 
 fatty cellular texture, which sends, inwards, 
 prolongatiofis that separate the nervous cords 
 and filaments from each other. The arterial 
 trunks, which furnish them,- transmit branches 
 into their interior. The veins follow the same 
 course as the arteries. Absorbents are not 
 easily traced even on the greatest trunks. 
 
 Nerve, Accessort, of Willis, Spinal nerve 
 — n. Articular, Axillary nerve — ^n. Buccinator, 
 Buccal nerve — n. Femoral cutaneous, see Geni- 
 to-crural nerve — n. femoro-popliteal, lesser,Sci- 
 atic nerve, lesser — n. Genito-crural, see Genito- 
 crural nerve — ^n. Gluteal of the Sacral plexus, Sci- 
 atic nerve, lesser: — n. Gustatory, Hypoglossal 
 nerve — n. Inguinal, internal, Genito-crural nerve 
 — n. of Jacobson, see Petrosal ganglion — n. Late- 
 ral nasal, Spheno-palatine nerve — n. Lingual, 
 Hypoglossal nerve — n. Naso-ocularis, Nasal 
 nerve — n. Naso-palpebral, Nasal nerve — n. Or- 
 bito-frontal. Ophthalmic nerve — n. Ocular, Op- 
 tic nerve — n. of Organic life, Trisplanchnic 
 nerve — ^n. Palpebro-frontal, Frontal nerve — n. 
 Popliteal internal, Tibial nerve, posterior — n. 
 
NERVES, COSTAL 
 
 581 
 
 NEURALGIA 
 
 Power, Nervous power:— n. Respiratory, of the 
 face. Facial nerve — n. Respiratory, superior. 
 Spinal nerve — n. Scapulo-humeral, Axillary 
 nerve — n. Scrotal, see Genito-crural nerve — n. 
 Spiral, Radial nerve^n. Spiral, muscular, Ra- 
 dial nerve — n. Sub-occipital, Occipital nerve — 
 n. Sub-pubian, Genito-crural nerve — n. Super- 
 ficial temporal. Auricular nerve — n. Sympa- 
 thetic, Trisplanchnic nerve-r-n. Temporal cu- 
 taneous. Auricular nerve — n. Ulnar, Cubital 
 nerve — n. Vidian, Pterygoid nerve — n. Zygo- 
 mato-auricular, Auricular nerve. 
 
 NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves— n. 
 Dorsal, Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth pair ofj 
 Pneumogastric— n. Encephalic, first pair, 01- 
 ifactory nerves — n. Encephalic, eleventh pair. 
 Spinal nerves — n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves 
 -^n. Fifth pair, Trigemini — n. Fourth pair of, 
 Patheticus nervus — n. Jnfra-orbitar, Sub-orbitar 
 nerves — n. Ninth pair of. Hypoglossal nerve — 
 n. Oeulo-muscular, common, Motores oculorum 
 — n. Phrenic, Dia'phragmatic nerves — n. Recur- 
 rent, Laryngeal inferior herves — n. Sixth pair 
 of. Motor oculi externus^n. Spinal, Vertebral 
 nerves — n. Third, pair of, Motores oculorum. 
 
 NERVI ANONYMI, Innominati nervi — n. 
 Divisi, Trigenjini — n. Entobcenontes, Afferent 
 nerves — n. Gustatorii, Trigemini^n. Odora- 
 torii, Olfactory nerves — n. Reversivi, Laryn- 
 geal inferior nerves — n. Vulneratio, Neuro- 
 trosis. 
 
 NERVINE, Nervi'nus, Neurot'ic, Nejirit'ic, 
 AntineurotiC) Antinenropaih'ic, A medicine 
 considered proper for relieying debility of the 
 nervous system. 
 
 NERVOVS,Nervo''sus,Neuro'deSyNe'r'veus, 
 Neu'ricus. Relating or belonging to the nerves. 
 Strong. Also, weak, irritable. 
 
 Neevous Attack, (F.) Attaque des nerfa, is 
 an affection accompaniedwith spasm, pain and 
 different nervous symptoms, to which irritable 
 individuals are liable. i 
 
 Nervous Centees, see Centres, Nervous. 
 Nervous Diathesis is teixaeA Atax'ia sp,- 
 ritiitem, Anotna'lia nervo'ritm, StattiS nervo'siis, 
 S, eretkit'icus , Diath'esis nervo'sa, Constitu'- 
 tio nenvo'sd. 
 
 Nervous Diseases, Morli nervo'si, (F.) Ma- 
 ladies nerveuses. Affections seated in the ner- 
 vous system. 
 
 Nervous Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'idum 
 ner'v^um, lAq'uidum nerveiim, Succus ne^veus, 
 Spir'itus vita'Us, The fluid which is siipposed 
 to circulate through the nerves, and which has 
 been regarded as the agent of sensation and mo- 
 tion.! Of this fluid we know nothing, except 
 that it resembles, in many respects, the electric 
 or galvanic. It was formerly called Animal 
 spirits, '^pir'itus ani'ma'les, ,(^ *^ ^Esprita ani- 
 maux. 
 - Nervous Paih, Neuralgia. 
 
 Nervous Power, Nerve- power, Nenrodyna'- 
 mia, Neurody'namis. The power of the nerves 
 as exhibited in the living organism. 
 Nervous Principle, N. fluid. 
 Nervous System. The nerves of the human 
 . body considered collectively. See Nerves. 
 Nervous System of the Automatic Func- 
 tions, Trisplanchic nerve — n. System, organic, 
 see Trisplanchic nerve — n. System of the senses, 
 Medulla oblongata — n. System of voluntary 
 motion, &c., Medulla spinalis, 
 
 rius, Pneumogastric nerve — n.Anonymus, Tri- 
 gemini — n. Communicans faciei. Facial nerve 
 — n. Genito-cruralis, Genito-crural nerve. 
 
 Nervus Impar. A prolongation of the neu- 
 rilemma below the lower extremity of the 'spi- 
 nal cord, as a fibrous filament which is inserted 
 into the base of the coccyx. It was formerly 
 regarded as a nerve: — hence its name. 
 
 Nervus Ijinominatus, Trigemini — n. Ischia- 
 dicus, . Sciatic nerve — n. Juvenilis, Penis — n. 
 Latus, Achillis tendo — n.LinguaJis lateralis, ' 
 Pharyngo-glossal nerve — n. Lingualis mediu?. 
 Hypoglossal nerve — n. Musculi pterygoidei, 
 Ptefygoid nerve — n, Mixtus, Trigemini — n. 
 Opticus, Optic nerve — n. Quintus, Trigemini-^ 
 n; Sympatheticus inedius, Trigemini — n. Sym- 
 pathicus medius, Trigemini— n. Timidus, Mo- 
 tor oculi externus — n. Tremellus, Trigemini — 
 n. Trochlearis, Patheticus nervus. 
 NESTIA, Jejunum. 
 NESTIATRIA; L^motherapeia. 
 NESTIS, Jejunum. 
 
 NESTITHERAPEi A, Limotherapeia. 
 NESTOTHERAPEilA, Limotherapeia. 
 ■ NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescehs. 
 NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, La- 
 mium album — n. Dead, Lamium album — n. 
 Dwarfi Urtica urens — n. Hedge, Galeopsis — n. 
 Pill-bearing, Urtica pilulifera— n. Rash, Urti- 
 caria — n. Stinging, common, Urtica^ 
 NETWORT, Goodyera pubescens. 
 NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia. 
 NEIJRAL*GIA, from tsv^im^ ' a nerve/ and 
 *Kyoc, 'pain.^ Rhejcmatis'mns spiij rius nervo' - 
 sus. Neurodynia, (F.) Nevralgie,, Nevrody- 
 nie. Nervous pain. A generic ,name for a cer- 
 tain number of diseases, the chief, symptom of 
 which is a very acute pain, exacerbating or in- 
 termitting, whi9h folloVFs the course of a ner- 
 vous branch; extends to its ramifications,' and 
 seems, therefore, to be seated in the nerve. 
 The principal neuralgise have been distinguished 
 by the names /acja^ (of which the infia-orhitar, 
 maxillary and frontal are but divisions)^the 
 ilio^scrotal, femoro-popliteal; femoro-pretihial, 
 plantar, and cubitb'digital . A division of ano- 
 mahus neuralgiae has likewise been admitted. 
 
 Neural'gia, Anom' ALDUS. Under this name 
 Chaussier has included different neuroses, some 
 of which are characterized by acute pains cir- 
 cumscribed within a short compass, or extend- 
 ing by irradiations, but riot having their seat in 
 the course of a nerve;- and others vphich are 
 occasioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, 
 or which succeed. contusion^ or incomplete di- 
 visions of nerves. 
 
 Neuralgia Brachio - Thoraoica, Angina 
 pectoris. 
 
 Neuralgia Cu'eito-digita'lIs, Is'chiasmer- 
 vo'sa digita'lis. In this variety the pain ex- 
 tends from the part where the nerve passes un- 
 der the inner condyle to the back of the hand 
 and to its cubital edge. 
 Neuralgia Dentalis, Odontalgia nervosa. 
 Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fa'.ciei. Tris- 
 mus m^axilla'ris, T, Dolorif'icus, OpsiaVgia, 
 Dolor cru' dans faciei, liem.icra'nia idiopath-'iea, 
 AutaVgia doloro'sa. Tic douloureux, Dolor fa- 
 ciei. Dolor faciei typ'ico characte're, D. F. 
 FothergilU, Trismus clon'icus, T. dolorif'icus , 
 F.heumatis'mus eancro'sus, Rhewmatis^mus lar- 
 
 NERVUS, see Nerve, Penis— n. Ambulato- va'tus,Prosopal'gia, Prosopodyn'ia, Dolor fa- 
 
NEURALGIA 
 
 583 
 
 NEUEOMALACIA 
 
 eieiperiod'icus, Fehris top'tea, Opkthalmodyn'ia 
 period'ica, Tortu'ra Oris, Affec'tus spasmodico- 
 comoulsi' vus Labio'rum, is characterized ^by 
 acute lancinating pains, returning at intel'vals ; 
 and by twinges in certain parts of the face, pro- 
 ducing: convulsive twitches in the correspond- 
 ing muscles. It may be seated in the frontal 
 iierve, infra-orbitar, or in the maxillary branch 
 of the 5th pair. 
 
 Metopodyn'iq, Broia-agne, Neural'gia fron- 
 ta'lis, Opkthalmodyn'ia, Tic douloureux,Dolor 
 period'icus, &c., commences at the superciliary 
 foramen and extends along the ramifications of 
 the frontal nerve that are distributed on thefore- 
 hea3, upper eyelid, caruncula lacrymalis, and 
 nasal angle of the eyelids. Sometimes itis felt 
 particularly in the orbit. 
 
 Neuralgia'infra-orhita'Tia,Dolorfacieiatrox, 
 JR-heuTnatis'imis cancro'sus,- trismus clon.*icus, 
 PTOSopdV gia, Fehris top'ica, Odontal'gia xemit'- 
 tens et intermit' tens, Hemicra'nia sav&, Infrd- 
 or'hitar neuralgia. Tic douloureux, fs chiefly 
 felt in the infra-orbitar foramen, whence it 
 passes to the cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower 
 eyelid, fee. . 
 
 In Neuralgia maiilla'ris,' GnatkaVgia, Gna- 
 thoneuraV gia, Tic douloureux, Tris'mus catar- 
 rha'lis maxillaris, the pain usually sets out 
 from the mental foramen and passes to the chin, 
 lips, teinple, teeth and tongue. 
 
 Neuralgia, False. A term assigned to pains 
 along a nerve, or its ratifications, produced by 
 some body compressing it, — those 'pains termi- 
 nating with the removal of the compressing 
 cause. 
 
 NEUEAfeiA Fem'oiio-pop;,it;e'a, Sciatica, 
 Schias, Malum ischiad'icwm. Morbus ischiad'- 
 icus, Passio ischiad'ica, Zsohiagra, Ischial'gia, 
 Isehio' sis, CoxaVgia, Neural'gia Ischiadiea, 
 Dolor Jschiad'icus netvo'sus, Is'chias nervo^sa 
 Cotugnii vel Cotunnii, Neuiisch'ias, Ischias 
 nervo'saposti'ca,Is'chias,Cox'agrti^Ischia$rheU' 
 mut''icumJCschiat'ica,Isckoneural'gia,{F.')Qotctte 
 sciati^ue. - This is characterized by pain fol- 
 lowipg the great sciatic nerve from the ischiatic 
 notch to the ham, and along tHe peroneal sur- 
 face of tbe leg to the sole of the foot. 
 
 Neuralgia Fem'oro-peetibia'lis, Ischias 
 nervo'sa anti'ca. In this, the pain, setting o^t 
 from the groin, spreads along the fore part of 
 the thigh, and passes down, chiefly, on the inner 
 side of the leg, to the inner ankle and back of 
 the foot. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris 
 — n. Hepatica, Hepatalgia. 
 
 Neuralgia Ilio-Scuotal has 'been rarely ob- 
 served. It is characterized by a very acute pain 
 in the coursp of the branches of the first lumbar 
 pair; this pain follows the crista ilii and accom- 
 panies the spermatic vessels to the testicle, 
 which is often painfully retracted. 
 
 Neuralgia Lienis, Splenalgia. _ 
 
 Neuralgia Planta'ris. This is rare; and 
 the pain is confined to the course of the plantar 
 nerves. 
 
 All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and 
 the greatest diversity of means has been made 
 use of: — bleeding, general and local, — emetics, 
 purgatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual cau- 
 tery, narcotics, mercurial frictions, electricity; 
 destruction of a portion of the nerve, &c. The 
 most successful remedy, perhaps, is the carbo- 
 nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude ; 
 
 as, for instance, zss or Qij, twice or thrice a day 
 in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued 
 for a month or two, will generally Relieve and 
 ultitaately remove this much dreaded affection. 
 The mode in which it acts j^s by mo means clear j 
 but it is almost as certain as any other i emedy 
 used in disease in producing i^ salutary eflFects. 
 The bowels must be kept free ;, and all inflam- 
 matory symptoms removed during its adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia — n. Spinalis, 
 Spinal irritation. 
 
 NEl!S.AS'FEEm'A,Neuradyna'mia,Debil'- 
 itas nervo'sa. Debility or impaired activity 
 of the nerves ; from viujov, ' a nerve,' and ar- 
 »c\ei.a., ' debility.' — See Irritable. 
 NEUKICUS, Nervous. 
 NEURILEMM'A, JVeMr»7«'OTa, Nenrily'ma, 
 NeWrymen, Ferineu'rion, Fis'tula seu Tu'bulws 
 seu Cap'sula seu Involu'erum nervo'rum, Mem- 
 ira'na seu Memhran'ula seu Tu'nica sen Indu- 
 m.f7^tum 7t-ervo'rum, Vagi'na nervo'rwm; (F.) 
 Nevrilemme; from vivfov, ' a nerve,' and \e/A.fiia, 
 'a coat.' The fine transparent, and apparently 
 fibrous membrane that surrounds the nerves — 
 to every filament of which it forms a true canal. 
 NEDRILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 NEVRlLEMMl'TlS,NeuHlem:mati'Us,Neu- 
 rolcTTWiati'tis, Neurili'tis, (Fi) Nevrilevimite, 
 Same etymon. Inflammation of the neurilem- 
 ma. 
 NEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 NEURILYMA, ;lyeurilemma. 
 NEURINE, Medull'a nervo'rum, <F.) Nev- 
 rine. The substance of which the nervous 
 system is composed. It consists chiefly of al- 
 bumen and a peculiar fatty matter. 
 
 NEtTRISCHIASjNeuralgiafemoro-poplitffia. 
 NEURITIC, Nervine. - 
 
 VliVRVTl%,Inflamm,a'tio nervo'rum, Neuro- 
 phlogo'sis, Neurophleg'monl , (F.) Injlamma- 
 tioh des Nerfs, Nevrite, from nvQov, 'a nerve,' 
 and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROBLACI'A, from nvQor, 'a nerve,' 
 and |?^a>-«a, 'stupor.' Insensibilityof the nerves. 
 NEUROCHONDRO'DES, from viuqc,, 'a 
 sinew,' jfstifjoc, ' a cartilage^' and « Jo;, 'resem- 
 blance.' A hard substance between a sinew 
 and a cartilage. 
 NEURODES, Nervous. 
 NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power. 
 NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power. 
 NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia. 
 NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
 NEUROG'RAPHY, NeurograpK'ia; from 
 vivgov, 'a nerve,' and y^aipti, 'a description.' 
 The part of anatomy which describes the nerves. 
 NEUROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
 NEUROL'OGY, Neurolog"ia, (F.) Nevrolo- 
 gie, from viv^or, 'a. nerve,' and Xoynf, 'a dis- 
 course.' That part of anatomy which treats of 
 the nerves. 
 
 NEURO'MA, (F.) N^vrSme, from i£i/g?v, 'a 
 nerve.' A morbid enlargement of a nerve. 
 Applied to subcutaneous, circumscribed and 
 highly painful tumours formed on the tissue of 
 the nerves ; and likewise to small, hard, gray- 
 ish tumours of the size of a pea, which are ob- 
 served in the course of nerves, and appear to 
 be formed from the neurilemma. 
 
 NEUROMALA'CIA; from vtv^ov, 'anerve,' 
 and fia\ax'3., ' softening.' Softening of nerves, 
 
NEUROMETRES 
 
 583 
 
 NICTATION 
 
 NEUROMETRES, Psose. 
 NEUROMYELI'TIS, from vtujsv, 'a nerve,' 
 fimXot, ' marrow,' and Ms, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the medullary matter of 
 the nerves. , 
 
 NEURON, see Nerve. 
 NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos, from vei/jov, 
 «a nerve,' and rocroc, ' a disease.' A disease of 
 the nerVes. 
 
 NEURONYG'ME, Neurdnyg!mus, Neuro- 
 nyx'is, from vsufov, 'a nerve,' and nyntq, 
 ' puncture ;' Pune'tio nervi. Puncture of a 
 nerve. , 
 
 NEUROPATH'IC, Neuropath'iaus, from 
 tsugovi ' a nerve,' and iva&ot, ' a disease.' Be- 
 longing to disease of the nerves, to Neuropa- 
 thi'a or Neuron'dsos. 
 
 NEUROPHLEGMONE, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis. 
 
 NEUROPLAS'TY,iVeMroj7?a«'tic?, (F.) Nev 
 roplastie, from vsu^ov, 'a nerve,' and jrJao-Ti- 
 xor, ' forming.' M. Serres applies this term to 
 a ganglionary alteration of the peripheral 
 nerves. 
 
 NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous, Typhus 
 mitior. 
 
 NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus 
 mitior. 
 
 NEURO'SES, (F.) Nevrases, irom vtugor, «a 
 nerve.' A generic name for diseases supposed 
 to have their seat in the nervous system, and 
 which, are indicated hy disordered sensation, 
 volition, ,or mentkl mahifestation,; without 
 any evident lesion in the structure of the parts, 
 and without any material agent producing them. 
 Such is the usual definition. Broussais' attri- 
 butes them to a state of irritation of the brain 
 and spinal marrpw. 
 
 NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
 
 NEUROSPASMI, see Spasm, 
 
 NEUROSTHENI'A, (F.) Mvrosthenie, 
 from teufoii, ' a nerve,' and ofisvtw, 'strength.' 
 Excess of nervous irritation. Nervou? irrita- 
 tion. 
 
 NEUROTHELIC APPARATUS, Corpus 
 papillare. 
 
 NEUROTIC, Nervine. 
 
 NEUROT'ICA. Diseases of the nervous 
 function. The 4th, class of Good's Nosology. 
 
 NEU'ROTOME, Neurot'omus ; from veuPoy, 
 'a nerve,' and Tsum, '1 cut,' 'I dissect.' An 
 instrument used ^y anatomists to dissect the 
 nerves. It is a long and very narrow scalpel, 
 having two edges. 
 
 NEUROT'OMY, Neurotom'ia, (F.) ilivro- 
 tomie. Sameetymon. Dissectionof thenerves. 
 Also, an incised, *ound of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTRO'SIS, Neurotros'mus, from 
 VEugoii,' a nerVe,'andTguio-is,' wounding.' Nervi 
 vulnera'tio. Wound or wounding of a nerve. 
 
 NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis. 
 
 NEURYMEN, Neurilemma. 
 
 NETITA, Neutha. A membrane, according 
 to Paracelsus, which cpvers the eyes and ears 
 of the fcetus in utero. 
 
 NEUTRAL, from muUr, 'neither.' Be- 
 longing to neither in particular. 
 
 Neutkal Salts, Secondary salts, (F.) Sets 
 neutres: Salts, composed of two primitive 
 saline substances, combined together, and not 
 possessing the characters of acid or of base. 
 
 NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 
 mal springs in the department of Allier, France. 
 Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit. 
 N£VRALGIE, Neuralgia— m. du Fate, He- 
 italgia — ^i. des Reins, Nephralgia — n, de 
 I'Utims, Hysteralgia. 
 
 mVRILEMME, Neurilemma. 
 NiVRJLEMMITE, Neurilemmiti?. 
 jyiVRINB, Neurine. 
 NAVRITE, Neuritis. ' 
 N&VRODYNIE, Neuralgia. 
 NiVROLOGIB, Neurology. 
 J^£VROMB, Neuroma. 
 N^VROSE DU CCEUR, Angina pectoris. 
 N£VROSES, Neuroses. 
 N£VR0STH£NIE, Neurosthenia. 
 N&VROTOME, JSTeurotome. 
 NlVRO TOMIE, Neurotomy. 
 NEVUS, NiBvus. 
 
 NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. In the upper part of Morris county and 
 in the county of Hunlerdon, near the top of 
 Musconetcong mountain, there are chalybeate 
 springs, which are resorted to. See Schooley's 
 Moun^in. 
 
 NEW' YORK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The chief waters are those of Ballston, Sara- 
 toga, and Sharon. 
 
 NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary 
 body. , 
 
 NEZ, Nasus. 
 
 NICARAGUA. WOOD, see Ca;salpinia. 
 NICE, CLIMATE OF. ■ The' climate of 
 Nice ipossesses some advantages ove;' that of 
 the neighbouring' countries of Provence and 
 Italy, being free from the sirocco of the latter, 
 and protected from the mistral of the former. 
 Spring is the most unfavourable season. The 
 climate is very dry. It has been a great winter 
 retreat for the consumptive ; but does not de- 
 serve the encomiums that have been passed 
 upon it. 
 
 NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
 NICODE'MI O'LEUM, Oil of Nieode'mus. 
 An oil made by digesting, for some time, — dn 
 a mixture of white wine and olive oil, — old 
 turpentine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd. of 
 zinfc, &c. 
 
 NICOTIANA, N. tabacum— n. Minor; N. 
 rustica. 
 
 Niootia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who 
 carried it to Europe ; N. minor,Friapei' a, Hy- 
 oscy'a'mus lu'teus, English Tobacco, The 
 leaves possess the properties of tobacco, but 
 are milder. 
 
 Nicotiama Tae'acum, Niootia'na, Herha ta- 
 baei, TaBacum Petum, Petun, Syoscy'oMius Pe- 
 ruvia'nus, Tohacco, Vir'gin'ia tobacco, (F.) 
 Tabac, Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent acro- 
 narcotic; its properties seeming to depend upon 
 a peculiar principle; ISticotin or Nicotianin. It 
 is narcotic, sedative, diuretic, eilietic, cathartic, 
 and errhine. In incarcerated hernia, it is in- 
 jected, in, the form of smoke or infusion, but 
 requires great caution. It is extensively and 
 habitually used as an errhine and sialogogue. 
 The infusion is used to kill vermin, and in some 
 cutaneous eruptions. 
 NICOTIANE, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum. 
 NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum. 
 NICTATIO, Hippus, Nictatio. 
 NICTA'TION, Nicta'tio, Nictita'tio, hora 
 nictare, 'to wink.' Clonus nictita'tio, Blepha- 
 
NID AMENTUM 
 
 584 
 
 NITEO-MURIATIC ACID 
 
 rismus,Palpelra'tio, Twinkling of the eye, (F.) 
 ClignoteTkent, Cfignement, Cillement, Soaris. 
 A rapid and repeated movement of the eyelids, 
 which open and shut alternately. As occa- 
 sionally performed, it is physiological } if re- 
 peatedly, a disease. It seems to be executed 
 chiefly by the motor 7th pair of nerves ; but it 
 is necessary that the excitor 5th pair, should 
 likevfise be in a state of integrity. 
 
 NID AMENTUM. Decidua. 
 
 NIDOREUX, Nidorous. ~ ■ 
 
 NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'sus, (F.) Nidoreux, 
 from Nidor, Cnissa,' 'the smell of any^ thing 
 burnt,' &c. Having the smell of burnt or eor- 
 rupfanimal matter. 
 
 NIEDERBRQNN, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Saline waters in the department of Bas- 
 Rhin, France, which contain chloride of sodium, 
 sulphate of magnesia, and carbonic acid. - 
 
 \ZV/EX,iE,Nigella. 
 
 NiGELLA, Coptis. - 
 
 Nigel'la, N. Sati'va, Melan'thiv/m, Cumi'- 
 nwm iNigrum, Fennel flower^ Nutmeg flower ^ 
 Devil, in a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle. This 
 small southern European and Syrian plant was 
 formerly used medicinally as an expectorant 
 and deobstruent, errhine, sialogogue, &c. 
 
 NIGELLE, Nigella. 
 
 NIGHT -BMNDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
 
 NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equinae^n. 
 Mare, IncUbus. ' ' 
 
 . NIGHTSHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca 
 decandra — n. Bittersweet, ' Solanum dulcamara 
 — n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bel- 
 ladonna — n. Enchanter's, Circaea Lutetiana — 
 n. Garden, Solanum — n. Palestine, Solanum 
 sanctum^-n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. 
 Vine, Solanum dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum 
 
 NIGREDO a SOLE, Ephelides. 
 
 NIGRITA, Negro. 
 
 NIGRITIES, Melanopathia— n. Ossiiim, Ca- 
 ries. 
 
 NIGRITISM, Melanopathia. 
 
 NIGRITUDO, Melanosis— n. Pulmonum, 
 Melanosis pulmonum. 
 
 NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
 
 NIGROR, Melasmd. 
 
 NIGRUM OCULI, Pupil. 
 
 NIHIL ALBUM,. Zinci oxydum— n. Grise- 
 um, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 NILIACUM, Mel. 
 
 NINDSIN, Slum ninsi. 
 
 NINSI, Slum ninsi. 
 
 NINSING, Panax quinquefolium. ■ 
 
 NINZIN, Sium ninsi. 
 
 NIPPLE, Six. nypele. The Teat, Dug, 
 Fap, Acroman'tium, Tiber, Staph'ylia, Staphyl'- 
 ium; Bubona, Mammil'la, Mammel'la, Papil'la, 
 Thell, Tit'th\, Titthos, Tifthion, Titthis, (F.) 
 Mamelon. The conicall tubercle, situate at the 
 centre of the breast. Towards the central part 
 of each breast the skin changes colour, and as- 
 sumes a rosy tint in young females, or a reddish 
 brown in those who have suckled several chil- 
 dren. This circle is called the Areola or Aure- 
 ola of the nipple. The nipple is cap&ble of erec- 
 tion on being excited. 
 
 NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana. 
 
 NIRLES, Herpes exedens. 
 
 NISUS, Nixus, Peira, Straining, from Lat. 
 nitor, 'to endeavour.' A voiuntary retention 
 of the breath, so as to force down the dia- 
 
 phragm; the abdominal muscles "being at the 
 same time contracted forcibly. In this manner 
 the contents of the abdomen are compressed; 
 and the evacuation of the fsces, urine, &c., is 
 effected. ' 
 
 Nisus, Effort — n. Formativus, Plastic force. 
 
 Nisus Partukientium. The efforts or forcing 
 during parturition. 
 
 NITEDULA, Cicindela. 
 
 NITON, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
 springs in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and 
 sulphate of alumina and potassa. 
 
 NITRAS KALICUM, Potassae nitras— n. 
 LixivisBj Potassae nitras — n. Natricum, Soda, 
 nitrate of — n. Potassae cum sulphure fusus, Po- 
 tassae nitras fuSus sulphatis paucillo mixtus — ^n. 
 Sub-bismuthicum, Bismuth, sitb-nitrate of. 
 
 NITRATE, Nitras. A salt, formed of a 
 base and nitric acid. ^Several nitrates are em- 
 'ployed inmedicine. 
 
 NITRATE D'.AMMONIAQUE, Ammonidi 
 nitras^-:W. D' Argent, Argenti nitras. 
 
 NITRE, Potassae nitras. 
 
 NITRIC AC\D,Acidum ni'tricum, A. azo'ti- 
 cum, A.^sep'ticum, A. nitri, A<^ua fortis, Nitrons 
 acidj Spir'itus nitri duplex, Sp. nitri fumans, 
 Sp. nitri Glaube'n, Azot'ic acid, Dephlogisti-- 
 Gated nitrous acid, Oxysepton'ic add, Spir'itus 
 nitri ac"idus, (F;) Acide nitrique. Nitric acid 
 is obtained from nitre — Nitrate of potass. 
 Its odour is suffocating; taste very acid and 
 caustic: It is corrosive, liquid, colourless, and 
 transparent. S. g. 1.500. 
 
 Strong nitric acid is rarely used excej)t as an 
 application to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts. 
 Wheri given internally, it is in the form of the 
 Acidu^ ni'tricum Dilu'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim- , 
 plex, Sp. nitri vulga'ris-^tiie Diluted nitric 
 acid, which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, consists of nitric acid, gj, water, gix, by 
 measure. Diluted largely with water, it is 
 used, as a drink, in fevers of the typhoid kind ; 
 in chronic affections of the liver, syphilis, &c.; 
 but,_in the latter affections, it is not to be de- 
 pended upon.- 
 
 NITROGEN, Azote. 
 
 Ni'teogen, Gazeotjs Oxide or. Nitrous ox- 
 ide, Protox'ide of azote. Paradise gas. Intoxi- 
 cating gas, Laughing gas,, Dephlogisticated 
 nitrous gas. Gas azo^icum oxygena'twm. This 
 gas, when respired, produces singular effects; 
 great mental and corporeal excitement; and, 
 generally, so much^khilaration.as to render the 
 appellation, "laughing gas "by no means in- 
 appropriate.- It has not been much used in me- 
 dicine, although recommended in paralysis. Its 
 effects are too violent and too transient to ren- 
 der it a valuable remedial agent ; and, in the 
 delicate, it has been productive of unpleasant 
 effects, inducing palpitation, fainting, and con- 
 vulsions. 
 
 NITROGkNE, Azote. 
 NITROGENIUM, Azote. 
 NI'TROGENIZED, A'zoted, A'zotized. 
 Containingnitrogen or azote : — as a nitrogenized, 
 azoted, or azotized principle or tissue. 
 
 NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, A(i'idimi, ni- 
 tro-muriat'ieum, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic acid, Hy- 
 drochloro-nitric acid,Aqua re'gia,Aqua sty'g"ia, 
 Chrysulca, Aqua regis, Acidum mmiaticum ni- 
 tro'so-oxygena'tum, Mens'trmim atiri, (F.) Eau 
 regale. A mixture of the nitric and rnuriatic 
 acids, has been used in diseases of the liver, in 
 
NITROUS OXIDE 
 
 585 
 
 NOMENCLATURE 
 
 the form of a bath for the feet and legs made 
 sharply acidulous. It has,.also, been employed, 
 and with more uniform results, in cutaneous 
 affections. Whatever advantage it may possess 
 in internal diseases— and these advantages are 
 doubtful— they are probably dependent upon 
 the chlorine formed by the mixture, or upon 
 the properties possessed by the mineral acids 
 in general. See Chlorine. 
 
 The Acidum nitro-muriaticum of the Phar- 
 macopceia of the United States is formed by 
 mixing four flaidounces of nitiric acid with eight 
 of muriatic acid. 
 
 NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide 
 
 of. 
 
 NITRUM, Natron, Potassae nitras— n. Anti- 
 quorum, Soda — n. Ciibicum, Soda, nitrate of— 
 n. Factitium, Borax — n. Flammans, Ammonia 
 nitras — n. Lunare, Argentinitras — n. Rhomboi- 
 dale. Soda, nitrate of— ni. Vitriolaturji Schroe- 
 deri, Potassae sulphas— n. Tabulatum, Potassae 
 nitras fusus sulphatis paQcillo mixtus — n. Vi- 
 triolatum, Potassae sulphas, 
 
 NIX, Snow— n. Fumans, Calx viva— n. Zinci, 
 Zinci oxyduip. , 
 
 NIXUS, Nisus— n. Parturientium, Nisus par- 
 turientium. 
 
 NOAH'S ARK, Cypripediumluteum. , 
 
 NOBLE, Nob'ilis, Principal, Essen'tial. 
 
 Noble- Parts, Partes essentia'les : — Some 
 anatomists have given this name to parts, with-- 
 out which life cannot exist; such as the heart, 
 liver, lungs, brain, &c. The organs of genera- 
 tion have, likewise, been so called. 
 
 NOCAR, Torpor Sopojifictis . Lethargic 
 torpor. 
 
 NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism. 
 
 NOCTAM^ULISMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist. 
 
 NOCTILUCA, Cincindela. 
 
 NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism. 
 
 NOCTUI'NI OC'ULI. Gray or bjue eyes. 
 — Castelli. 
 
 NOCTUR'NAL, Noctu/nUs, Nycter'inus, 
 from nox, ' night.' Relating to night, as Febris- 
 noctufna seu nycter'ina. A fever occurring in 
 the night. 
 
 NODDING, Annuitio. 
 
 NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania. 
 
 NODE, Nodus, Empki/ma exosto'sis peripsy 
 tea, (F.) Nodosite, Neend; from Hebr. ij, 'a 
 heap.' A hard concretion or incrustation, which 
 forms around joints attacked with rheumatism 
 or-gout. Some include,. under this naine, exos- 
 toses, articular calculi, ganglions, and even the 
 chronic swellings of the > joints, knovra under 
 the name of white swellings. 
 
 NODES, Edentujua. 
 
 NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, phalanges 
 of the fingers — n. Nervorum, Ganglions, ner- 
 •vous— n. HEemorrhoidales, see Haemorrhois. 
 
 NODOI, Nefrendes. 
 
 NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
 
 N0D0SIT£, 'Node. 
 
 NOD'ULI ARAN'-TII, Noduli Morgagnii, 
 Cor'pora Aran'tii. The small sesamoid bodies 
 situate on the periphery of the semilunar valves 
 of the aorta and pulmonary artery, for the bet- 
 ter occlusion of the artery. 
 
 Noduli Morgagnii, Noduli Arantii — n. Ner- 
 vorum, Ganglions, nervous. 
 
 NOD'ULUS; diminutive oi nodus, 'a knot.' 
 A small knot. See Vermiform process, inferior. 
 38 
 
 NODUS, Articulation, Edentulus, Encys- 
 tis, Hamma — n. Cerebri, Pons Varo^i — n. 
 Chirurgicus, Knot, surgebn's — n. Encephali, 
 N<eud de I'S^cep/iale, Pons Varolii — ri. Hyste- 
 ricus, Globus hystericus — n. VitE, Nceud vital. 
 NOESIS, Intellect. 
 
 N(EUI>, Node — n. \du Chirurgien, Knot, 
 surgeon's — ». Emialleur, Knot, packer's, . 
 
 NCEUD DE L'ENCEPHALE (F.), No- 
 dus Enceph'ali. M. Cruveilhier, under this 
 name, includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of 
 the cerebrum and cerebellum, and the tubercula 
 quadrigemina. 
 
 N(EUD VITAL (F.), Nodus Vitce. This 
 term has been applied by some to the medulla 
 oblongata as the nervous centre of respiration. 
 ■ZVffi^rDS, Calculi, arthritic. 
 NOISETIER, Corylus avellana. 
 NOISETTE, Corylu? avellapa (nut.) 
 NO IX, Jliglans regia (nux) — n„ jlmericaine, 
 latiopha curcas — n. des Barh'ades, Jatropha 
 curcas — ri: Catharfique, Jatropha curcas — n. 
 d'Eau, Trapa natans — n. de Galle^ see Quercus 
 infectoria — n, de Serpent, see Thevetia Ahouai 
 — n. Vomiqne, see' Strychnos nux vomica. 
 ,N0LA CULINARIA, Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 NOLI ME TANGERE,, Lupus, see Chan- 
 cretix (Boiiton,} 
 
 . NOMA, Cancer aquaticus — n. Pudendorum, 
 Colpocace infantilis, 
 
 NOM'^ADE, Nomas,, {lomvoftri, 'pasturage.? 
 An epithet given to people who have no fixed 
 habitation, and who travel, with their flocks, 
 from country to country, for pasturage. Such 
 are the Tartars. By analogy^ the word' Nomad'- 
 ic has been applied to spreading ulcers. 
 NOMBRIL, Umbilicus. 
 NOME, Cancer aqUaticus, Phagedenic ul- 
 cers. , ^ 
 
 NO'MENCLATURE, Nomenda'tio, Nomenr 
 clatu'ra, Onomixtolog''ia, Onomaiocle'sis, Ter- 
 minol'ogy, Orismol'ogy, from ovafia; ' name,' 
 and xxhim, 'I call.' A collection of terms or 
 words J)eculiar to a science or art. In all 
 sciences, nomenclature is an abject of impor- 
 tance; and each term should convey to the stu- 
 dent a definite meaning. The Lavoisierian 
 npmenclature was a valuable gift to chemistry ; 
 and anatomy has derived advantage from the 
 labours' of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier, who 
 have given names to, parts indicative of their 
 situation. See Muscle.- The nomenclature of 
 pathology has required the greatest attention ; 
 and although repeated attempts have been made 
 to improve it, the barbarous terms that disgrace 
 it are still most frequently adopted. It consists 
 of Hebrew and Arabic terms ; Greek and Latin, 
 French, Italian, Spanish, German, 'English, and 
 even Indian, African, and Mexican ; often bar- 
 barously and illegitimately compounded. A, 
 want 'of principle in founding ''the technical 
 terms of medicine is every vvhere observable. 
 They have been formed : — 1 . From colour; as 
 J\Ielcena, Melas, Atrabilis, Leiiee, Alphos, Chlo-, 
 rosis. Rubeola, Scarlatina, Purpura, &c, 2, 
 From duration, as ephemeral, quotidian, ter- 
 tian, and quartan, continued, and intermittent,, 
 &c. 3. From Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Insects, 
 and Plants, as Rabies canina, Cynanche, Bou- 
 limia. Pica, Hippopyon, Elephantiasis, Urti- 
 caria, Lichen, Ichthyosis, &c. 4. From Per- 
 sons or Places, as Morbus Hereuleus, Faeies 
 Sippocratica, Lepra Araium, Plica Poloniea, 
 
NOMUS 
 
 586 
 
 NOTENCEPHALUS 
 
 Sudor An^licus, Merhus Gallicus, Ignifs 
 Sancti Antonii, Chorea Sancti Viti, &c. 
 
 NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus., 
 
 NON-NAT'URALS, Non .naturd'lm. Un- 
 der this term the ancient physicians compre- 
 hended air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, 
 motioh and rest, the retentions and excretions, 
 and the affections of the mind. 
 
 NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, 
 see Muscular fibre.. 
 
 NONUS HUMERI PLACENTINI,' Teres 
 aiirior — n. Linguse musculus, Genio-glossns^^i. 
 Vesalii, Peronaeus tertius. - 
 
 NOOS, Intellect. 
 
 NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari- 
 zatum. 
 
 NORTON'S DROPS) Liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
 muriatis. 
 
 NOSACERUS, Sickly. 
 
 NGSE, Nasus-^n. Running at the, Cofyza. 
 
 NOSELI'A, Nosocome'sis, Nosocom'ia, from 
 voo-o 5, 'disease.' Care of the sick. 
 
 NOSEMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSENCEPH'ALUS, froni toaos, 'disease,' 
 and iyiuifa.Xot, 'brain;' A monster whose skull' 
 is open only on the frontal and parietal regions, 
 the posterior fontanelle being distinctly present. 
 
 WOSEROSj Insalubrious, Sick. 
 
 NOSEUMA, Disease. 
 
 NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCOMIA, Noselia. 
 
 NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier. 
 
 N.OSODES, Ihsalubriousj Sick, Sickly. 
 
 NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
 
 NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOGENY, Pathogeny. 
 
 NOSOG'RAPHY, NosogrdpMa, from votoc, 
 'a disease,' and j-ga^u, 'I describe.' A de- 
 scription of diseases. 
 
 NpSOL'OGY, Nosolog"id, from mo-oc, «a dis- 
 ease,' and xoyo;, 'a discourse.' A name given 
 to that part of medicine whose object is the 
 classificationiof diseases. The most celebrated 
 nosological systems have been those of Sau- 
 vages, (1763,) Linnsus; (1763,) Vogel, (1764,) 
 Sagar, (1776,) Macbride, (1772,) CuUen, (1772,) 
 Darwin, (1796,) Selle, Crichton, (1804,) Parr, 
 (1809,) Swediaur, (IB12,) Pinel, (1813,) Young, 
 (1813,) Good, (1817,) Hosack, (1818,) &c. Be- 
 sides these general nosographies, others have 
 been published on Surgery exclusively, none 
 of which are particularly worthy of enumera- 
 tion amongst nosological systems. Nosological 
 arrangements have, also, been formed of single 
 families or groups of diseases. Plenck, of Ba- 
 den, is the author of two different treatises of 
 this kind: the one, a methodical arrangement 
 of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of 
 cutaneous diseases. Dr. Willain published an 
 arrangement of cutaneous diseases, which was 
 completed by Dr. Bateman, and adopted into 
 the Nosology of Dr. Hosack. Mr. Abernethy, 
 also, published a. methodical classification of 
 tumours, and many other partial nosological 
 classifications might be enumerated. Also, 
 Pathology. 
 
 NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from roioc, «a 
 disease,' and oj/tjia, ' name.' The nomenclature 
 of diseases. 
 
 NOSOPH'YTA, from vomj, 'disease,' and 
 <fU7-»ii, 'a plant.' A disease supposed to be pro- 
 
 duced by, or to consist in the development of 
 parasitic plants — as porrigo, mentagra, &c. — 
 Gruby. 
 
 ' NOSOPCE'US,iVosopoe«'»flKi,-from vo«c, 'dis- 
 ease,' and raoisai, ' \ rhake.' That which causes 
 disease. 
 NOSOS, Disease. 
 
 NOSOTAX'Yj Nosotas:'ia,{iom voi-o?, 'a dis- 
 ease,' and Ta|jt, 'arrangement.' The distribu- 
 tion and classification of diseases. 
 
 NOSOTHEO'RIA, from romt, ' disease,' and 
 ^m^ta, 'doctrine.' The doctrine or theory of 
 disease. 
 
 NOSTAL'GIA, from wato;, 'return,' 'a 
 journey home,' and a^yot, 'pain.' Nostama- 
 nia. Nostras' sia,A'podemial! gia, Pathopatridal'- 
 gia, Patopatridal'gia, Fhitopatridal'gia, Phi- 
 lapati-ido'md'nia', Ademon'ia, Ademos'yne^ HoTne 
 sicjsness, (F.) Nostalgie, Maladie du pays. 
 An affection produced by the desire of return- 
 ing to one's country. It -is commtinly attended 
 by slow wasting, and sometimes by hectic, 
 which may speedily induce death.. M. Pinel 
 properly regards it as a variety of melancholy. 
 NOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia. 
 NOSTRILS, Nares. 
 NOTA MATERNA,-Nievus. 
 NOT.« INFANTUM, Neevi. 
 J NOTAL'GIAi Notial'gia, {Nostalgia, im- 
 properly, of Kochlin and others,)'from ibt??, 
 ' the back,' and »a yos, ' pain.' Pain in the back. 
 Spinal irritation. 
 
 NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencepha- 
 lus. 
 
 NOTCH, Teut. N o c k e, Ital. Noechia, 
 ^margina'tio, Emarginatu'ra, (F. ) ichancrui e. 
 A depression or indentation of different shape 
 and^ize, observed on the circumference or edges 
 of certain bones. 
 
 Notch of the Concha, Incisura tragica. 
 _^ Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Achancrure ethmo'i- 
 dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins 
 the ethmoid. 
 
 Notches, Isohiat'ic, (F.) Ackancnures Isehi- 
 atiques, are two in number; — ^the greater and 
 the less. The former is large, situate at the 
 inferior part of the pelvis, and formed by the 
 sacrum and ilium. It gives passage to the sci- 
 atic herve, pyramidalis muscle, and to the su- 
 perior gluteal vessels and nerves. The latter 
 is much smaller than the other3 from which it 
 is sepEirated by the sciatic spine. It gives pas- 
 sage to the tendon of the obturator internus, and 
 to the internal pudic vessels and nerves. 
 
 Notch, Paeot'id, (F.) Achancrure pwrotidi- 
 enne, is the triangular space comprised between 
 the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary bone 
 and the mastoid process ; so called, because it 
 lodges tfie parotid gland. The notches in soft 
 parts are generally called Fissures. 
 
 Notch, Scap'olar, Indsu'ra' scapnla'ris, 
 Iju'nula scap'uliB, (F.) Achancrure scapulaire. 
 The notch on the superior edge or casta of the 
 scapula, which is converted into a foramen by 
 means of a ligament, and gives passage to the 
 suprascapular nerve. 
 
 Notch, Semilunar of the Steenxjm, Four- 
 chette. 
 
 NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
 NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from varos, 'the 
 back,' and ej-xE^taxi,!', 'the head.' A monster 
 whose head, with the brain, is on the back. 
 
NOTHEDSIS 
 
 587 
 
 NUTRITION 
 
 The condition is termed Notencepha'Ua and 
 Notaneneeph&'lia,<^Gr. St. Hilaire. 
 NOTHEUSIS, Degeneratioii. 
 NOTHIA, Degeneration. 
 NOTHROTES, Torpor. 
 NOTHUS, False. 
 
 , NOTI^US, Dorsal— n. Myelus, Medulla 
 spinalis. 
 NOTIALGIA, Notalgia. 
 NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis. 
 NOtON, Dorsum. 
 NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertjebral column. 
 
 NOUAGE BE LA CORN&E, Caligo. 
 
 NOUA, (Bamdage) (F.); 'knotted/ from, 
 nodus, 'a. knot.' A tandage which has a con- 
 siderable number of knots placed above each 
 other. It is made with a roller, 6 or '7 ells 
 long, rolled into two ba^ls, and is used to com- 
 press the parotid region, after the cxtirp'ation 
 of the parotid gland. 
 
 Also, an epithet applied to children in whom 
 the disease of rickets has swollen the articula- 
 tions. 
 
 It is, likewise, applied to the gOut, when it 
 has caused nodes on the joints. 
 
 NOUET(,F.), Nod'ulus. A bag filled with 
 medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid to 
 communicate their properties to it. 
 
 NOUFFER'S,, MADAME,. REMEDY, Po- 
 lypodium filix mas. 
 
 NOURRICE, Nurse. 
 
 NOVRRICIER, Nutritious. 
 
 NOURRITURE, Aliment. 
 
 NOUS, Intellect. 
 
 NOUURE, Rachitis. 
 
 NOTJYEAU-N& (F.),- Neona'tiis, niiper- 
 rimi Natus, Neog'enea, Neog'ihs, Neog'ilus, 
 J^eog'nusj Infans recens natus. That which 
 has been just born. A new-born infant. 
 
 NOVACULA, Razor. 
 
 NOYAV CENTRAL DES PADON- 
 CULES DJT OERVEiLET, Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NOYER, Juglans regia— w. de CeylcM, Ad- 
 hatoda. 
 
 iVP'^GB, Nel)ula. 
 
 NUBECULA, EnEEorema, Nebula. 
 
 NUBES, Ensorema, Nebula. 
 'NUJBILE, JVm'5s7m,'' marriageable,' 'fit to 
 marry.' Generally, the period df pubejrty is 
 considered to be the age at which both sexes 
 are rsmhile. They are truly nubile, however, 
 only when they are fitted to prpcreate healthy 
 and vigorous children, and are competent to 
 discharge their duties as parents. 
 
 NUBILOSUS,, Nepheloid. 
 
 NUCES AQUATICiE, see Trapa natans— 
 n. Quercus, see Quercus alba. 
 
 NUCHA,- Inlmrn-, (F.) Nitque. The nuke, 
 hinder part, or Mope of the heck. The part 
 where the spinal marrow begins. 
 
 Liga/men'tum Nucha:. A strong ligament 
 from the neck, proceefling from one spinous 
 process to another, and inserted into the occi- 
 pital bone. ' It is very strong in quadrupeds. 
 
 NUCHAL RE'GION, Re'gio nucha seu nu- 
 cha'lis seu .ocdpita'Us infe'rior. The region 
 of the nucha or nape of the neck. 
 
 NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata. 
 
 NUCK, CANAL OF. A small prolongation 
 of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal 
 canal of the female ftEtua. So called from 
 Nuck, who first described it. 
 
 NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast. 
 NUCLEI OSSEI, Ossification, points of. 
 
 NUCLEOLUS, see Cytoblast. ' 
 , NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast— n. Centralis, 
 Porpus dentatum — n. Dentatus, Corpus denta- 
 tum — n. Deutis, Dental pulp — n. Encased, Cy- 
 toblast — n. Fimhriatus, Corpus dentatum — n. 
 Furunculij see Furunoulus— n. Germinal", sese 
 Molecule — n. Germinativu?, see Molecule — n* 
 OssificationiSj Ossification, point Of — a'. Rhom- 
 boidalis, see Corpus dentatum. 
 
 NUCULA tEERESTRlS, Bunium bulbo- 
 castanum. , 
 
 NUKE, Nucha. 
 
 NUM'MULAR, Nummula'rii. Relating to 
 money, from nummus, 'money.' An epithet 
 applied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flat- 
 ten at the bottoEji of the vessel, lik,e a piece of 
 money. 
 
 NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia numraularia.. 
 
 NUQUE, Nucha. 
 
 NURSE, Sax. nopice, Nutrix, (from nourish,, 
 itself from nutrire,) Tithe'ne, Trepkousa, Lac- 
 tans, Lae'ticans, ffu'trietis, Thelas'tria, (I.)' 
 Nutrice, (F.) Nourrice. One who suckles he?" 
 own child or another's.. One that has the care 
 of a sick person, (F.) Garde-malade. 
 
 Nurse, Dry. One who gives every care to 
 a child, but does not suckle it. 
 
 Nurse, ^et.^ A female, who suckles the 
 child of another. 
 
 NUS, Intellect. 
 
 ■NUSUS,, Disease. 
 
 NUT^, BUTTER, Juglans cinerea— n. Cem- 
 bros, see Pinus cembray-n. Physic, Jatropha. 
 curcas — ^n. Pine, see Pinus picea— n. Pistachio, 
 see Pistabia vera — n. Poison, see Strychnos nux 
 vomica — n. Purging, see Jatropha — n., Rattle, 
 N«lumbium luteum— n. Soap, see Sapindus sa- 
 ponaria — n. Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda — ^n. Vo- 
 mic, see Strychnos nux vomica — n. Zirbel, see 
 Pinus picea. 
 
 NUTA'TION, Nuta'tii, from nutare, 'to 
 hod.' Constant oscillationof the head, by which 
 it moves involuntarily in one or more directions. 
 
 NUTATOR CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mas-, 
 toideus. 
 
 NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata-^n.. 
 Flower, Nigella — n. Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
 
 NUTRICATIO, Nutrition. 
 
 NUTRICIER, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRICIUS, Nutritious. 
 
 NUTRIENS, Aliment, Nurse. 
 
 NUTRIMEN, Aliment. 
 
 NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
 
 NUTRIT"ION, Nutrif'io, Nutrica'tio, Nn- 
 tri'tus, Alitu'ra, Threpsis, from 'nutrire, 'to. 
 nourish.* Nutrition is that function by which, 
 the. nutritive matter already elaborated by the 
 various organic actions, loses its own nature, 
 and assumes that of the different living tissues,. 
 — to repair their losses and support their 
 strength. Sometimes the word is used in a 
 more extended signification, to express the 
 whole series of actions by which the two con- 
 stant movements of composition and decompo- 
 sition are accomplished, in organized bodies. 
 Nutrition, then, 'Svould comprehend digestion, 
 absorption, respiration, circulation, and assimi- 
 lation ; the latter being nutrition, properly so 
 called, and being operated in the intermediate 
 system over the whole of the body, — ^the tis- 
 
NUTRITIOUS 
 
 588 
 
 NYMPHOMANIA 
 
 sues attracting from the blood the elements ne- 
 cessary for their reparation. 
 
 Nutrition, F011C& OF, Plastic force. 
 NUTRIT'lOUS, Nutric-'ius, Na'iriiive, 
 Alib'ilis, Trophi'mos, Tropko'Ses, (F,) Nourri- 
 cier, Niitrider. Having the quality of nourish- 
 ing: as nutritious food, nutritious lymph, &c. 
 
 Nutritious or Nutritive. Arteries, (F.) 
 Artires nutridlres. Arterial branches which 
 enter the fora/mina inutricia of long hones, and 
 penetrate to the medullary membrane.^ . , 
 
 NUTRITIVE, Nutritious. Also, relating to 
 nutrition: hence the 'nutritive fanctionsj' or 
 those that are concerned in nutrition. 
 NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition. 
 NUTRIX, Nurse. 
 
 NUTS,'WATteR, Nelumbium luteum. 
 NUX AROMATICA, see Myri'stica mos- 
 chata— n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut) — n. 
 Barbadensis, Jatropha curcas — n. Becuiba, Ibi- 
 cuiba — n. Cathartica Americana, Jatropha cur- 
 cas — n. GallsB, see Quercus cerris — n. Juglans, 
 Juglans regiaT— n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives 
 — n. Metella, Strychnos nux vomica — n. Me- 
 thel. Datura ^straihonium — n. Moschata, see 
 Myristica' moschata — n. Myristica, see, Myris- 
 tica moschata — n. Pistacia, see Pistaeia vera — 
 n. Unguentaria, s,ee Myristica moschata — n. 
 'Vomica, -Strychnos nux vomica. 
 NYCTALOPEX; Nyctalqps. 
 NYCTALO'PIA, from mi, 'night,' and oit- 
 rojKcti, ' I see ;' Parop'sis Jjudf'uga, Nycta- 
 Ibpi'asis, ' CtE'citas diur'na, Yisus noctur'- 
 ■tms, Oxyo'fia, Hemiralo'^ia (moderns,) Arn- 
 ilyo'pitf meridia'nas Sf/Jneratypklo'sis, Photo- 
 pho'Ha, Photophobophthal'mia, Dyso'pia lu*- 
 oniniSf Visus a'crioT) (F.^ Vue nocturne, A'veu- 
 glement de Jour. The faculty of seeing during 
 the night, with privation of the faculty during 
 the day. It affects both eyes at once when idi- 
 opathic. Its' duration is uncertain, and treat- 
 ment very obscure'. It is, however, a disease, 
 of nervous irritabllityj and one of excitement 
 of the visual nerve in particular. The indica- 
 tions of cure willy consequently be— to allay 
 direct irritation in every way; to excite coun- 
 ter-irritation by blisters; and to gradually ac- 
 custom the eye to the impression of light.' 
 
 One -labouring under this affection is called 
 a Nyc'talope, Nyc'talops,' Nyctalo'pex. 
 NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal. 
 NYCTHEMERON, see Dies, 
 NYCTHE'MERUM,- from ni, 'night,' and 
 '»ftija, ' day.' The space of 24 hours, or of a 
 day and night. Certain complaiints" continue 
 only so long.. 
 NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism. - 
 NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism. 
 NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
 NYCTOBATTA, Somnambulism. 
 NYCTOTYPHLOSIS, Hemeralopia. 
 NYGMA, Wound, punctured. 
 NYGMATICUM EMPLASTRUM.Emplas- 
 trura resinje. 
 NYMPHA, Clitoris. 
 
 NYMPH-^3 from vvfKpyj, 'a water nymph.' 
 Alx inter'nsd mino'res elitor'idis, Carun'culse 
 ciitleida'res, Alse mino'res, A. vmlie'bres mino'- 
 res. Crista elitor'idis, Collic'uli vagi'na, Myr- 
 toehi'la, Myrtoeheil'tdes, Labia mino'ra seu in- 
 terna, L. puden'di mino'ra, (F.) Nymphes, 
 Fetites Ihvres. Two membranous folds, which 
 arise from the lateral parts of the prepuce of the 
 
 clitoris, and "descend on the inner surface of the 
 labia majoraj terminating, by becoming gradu- 
 ally thinner, about the middle of the circumfe- 
 rence of the orifice of the vagina. They are 
 formed each of two folds of the .mucous mein- 
 brane of the vulva; and contain, in their sub- 
 stance, a thin layer of, spongy, erectile" tissue. 
 Their use seems to be, — not, as was once sup- 
 posed, to direct the course of the urine, which 
 notion gave. rise to their name, but to favour 
 the elongation . and dilatation of the vagina in 
 pregnancy and labour. 
 
 The word vuiu/ii), Nym'phe, has also been used 
 synonymously with clitoris byOribasius.Aetius, 
 &c. 
 
 NYMPHjE'A ALBA, heuconymphcc'a, Nen'- 
 uphar, ]}dicroleuconymp}ice'a. White Water L/ily, 
 (^ .') Nenuphar -blanc. Nat. Ord. Ranun'cula- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. For- 
 merly employed as'a demulcent, antaphrodisiac, 
 emollient, and slightly anodyne-remedy'. 
 
 NvMPHiEA Imdioa, N. 'nelumbo-^n. Major 
 lutea, N. lutea. , 
 
 NYMPH.SA IiUTEA, N- majoT lutea, Yellow 
 Water Lily, (F.) Nenuphar jaune. Used for 
 the same purposes. 
 
 Nymph.ea Nelum'bo, Fabd JSgy'ptiaca, Cy'- 
 amus' ^gyptiacus, Nymphce'a In'dica ; Pontic 
 or ^Egyptian Bean. The fruit of this is eaten 
 raw in Egypt and some^ of the neighbouring 
 countries ; and is considered to be tonic and as- 
 tringent. 
 
 Nymphk'a Odora'ta, 'Sweet-scented Water 
 Lily, Sweet water lily. White pond lily, Toa<i 
 Lily, Cow Cabbage, Water Cabbage, (F.) Ne- 
 nuphar odorant. An indigenous plant, growing 
 in most parts of the United Stated in fresh water 
 ponds, and on the borders ^df sjtreams, and hav- 
 ing large white, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers. 
 The root is very astringent and, bitter. It is 
 sometimes made into a poultice and used as a, 
 discutient. 
 NYMPHE, Clitoris. " ' 
 
 NYMPHES, Nymphaj. 
 NYMPHI'TIS; from n^i^r,, 'the clitoris,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Epiderrhi'tis , 
 Inflamma'tio elitor'idis. Inflammation of the 
 clitoris. 
 
 NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania. 
 . NYMPHOMA'NIA, froih w,Kpi,, 'a bride,' 
 and ijL'j.via, 'fury,! Ftpror uteri'nus, JTierovia'- 
 nia, Lagne' sis furor fceinini'nus, Metroma'nia, 
 ^dhsogar'galus, ^dceogaris'mus, Thelygon'ia, 
 Erotomafida, ^ddoma'nia, Aidoioma'nia, Me- 
 laitcho'lia ttteri'na, . Nymphoclu'ia, Sympto'- 
 ma turpitit'dinis, Andro-mci'nia, GynsEcoma' - 
 nia, Machlos'ynS, Entelipathi'a, Tenti'go vene'- 
 rea, Hysteroma'nia, Salad'itas vvXvce, Uteri 
 pntrri't^iS, Brachu'no', Aras' con., Arsa'tum, (Es- 
 troma'nia, (F.) Nymphomanie, Fureur uterine. 
 An irresistible and insatiable desire, in females, 
 for the venereal act. It occurs, in those. parti- 
 cularly, who possess a nervous temperament, 
 and vivid imagina;tion, especially if excited by 
 improper language, masturbation, &c. Its 
 course, as described, is as follows. In the com- 
 mencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual 
 contest between feelings of modesty and impe- 
 tuous desire. At an after period, she abandons 
 herself to the latter, seeking no longer to re- 
 strain them. In the last stage the obscenity is 
 disgusting ; and the mental alienation, for such 
 j it is, becomes complete. The treatment con^ 
 
NYMPHONCUS 
 
 589 
 
 OBLIQUE 
 
 sists in the use of the same means as ate required 
 in the satyriasis of man . When the mental alie- 
 nation is complete, solitude is indispensahle. 
 
 NYMPHON'CUS, from n/,u<f i;, ' the nympha,' 
 and oyxof, ' a tumour.' A morbid tumefaction 
 of the nymphffi. 
 
 TflYUPHOTOMYjN^mphotom'injNympria'- 
 rM«f Sec'tio, ftom Tujicyi;, ' nympha,' and Tt/ituv) 
 'to cut.' An operation, known and practised 
 for a longtime, ■which consists in the excision 
 of the hymphEB. The operation is had recourse 
 
 to, when they are attacked with scirrhus, can- 
 cer, fungus, or gangrene ; or wl;ien they are so 
 large as to interfere with walking or coition. 
 Nymph'otomy is tlje circumcision of 'the female. 
 It is practised in Some countries. 
 
 Some authors have used the term Nyraphoto- 
 my for amputation of the clitoris. 
 
 NYSTAG'MUS, A partial rotatory move- 
 ment of the eyeball from- side to side. Also, 
 Coma vigil. 
 
 NYXIS, Puncture. 
 
 0. 
 
 OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria^o. Com- 
 mon, Quefcus robur — o. Jerusalem, Ch^nopo- 
 dium botrys^o. Lungs, Lichen purmonarius — 
 u. Poison, Rhux toxicodendron — o. Red, Qufer- 
 eus rubra montana — o. Sea, Fucus vesiculosus 
 — > Spanish, Quercus rubra montana-^o .White, 
 Quercus alba. 
 
 OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 
 OARiON, Ovary. , ' ^ 
 
 OARION'CUS, Oariophy'ma, Ova'rium tu'- 
 midvm. Tumor Ova'rii, from loaqioy, 'the ova- 
 rium,' and oyxo;, ' swelling.' Ovarian tumour. 
 
 OARIOPAREC'TAMA, from otqiov, 'ova- 
 rium,' and Tta^cx'Tittitv, ' to extend.' Enlarge- 
 ment of the ovary. 
 
 OARIORRHEX'IS, from ooe^o^, 'ovarium,' 
 andfi(Si?,'rupture.' IRuptu'raOva'rii. Rupture 
 of the ovary. 
 
 OARIOT'OMY, -Oaridtom'ia, Ovariotom'ia, 
 Ovarial'omy, from i»agM>, 'the ovarium,' and 
 T>H,r„ 'incision.' The operation for Temoving 
 the ovary. 
 
 OARI'TIS, Oophori'tis, Oon'tis, Infla/nvma' - 
 tio Ova'rii, ^Ovari'tis, (F.) Infiammatiori de 
 I'Ovaire, from masiov, ' the ovarium,' and itis, 
 the termination denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the ovarium. 
 
 OARIUM, Ovary. 
 
 OARTHfiOCACE, formed by contraction 
 from omo-arthrocace. Said to be used by Rust 
 to designate inflammation of the sc^pulo-hume- 
 ral articular surfaces. — ^Nysten. 
 
 OATMEAL, see Avena. 
 
 OATS, Avena. 
 
 OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia. 
 
 OBA'UDITUS, Bar^ecoia. 
 
 OBCiECATIO, Csecitas. 
 
 OBD0RMIT"IO, from oh, and dormio, 'to 
 sleep.' The state of the limbs being asleep- 
 Stupor ar'tuuin. 
 
 OBDUCTIO, Autopsia cadave^ica legalis." 
 
 OBELjEA RAPHE, Sagittal suture. 
 
 OBESITAS, Polysarcia— 0. Colli, Struma 
 adiposa — o. Nimia, Pimelosis — o, Viscerum, 
 Physconia adiposa., 
 . OB£SIT£,-Po\jsa.icm. 
 
 OBESITY, Polysarcia. 
 ; OBESUS, Corpulent. 
 
 OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
 OBITUS, Death. 
 
 OBLINITIO, Inunction. 
 
 OBLIQUE', Obli'qtms. Anything inclined, 
 or which deviates from the vertical line. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to certain mus- 
 cles, which have an oblique direction as regards 
 
 the.plarte that divides the body into two equal 
 and symmetrical" halyes. , These! are: — 
 
 .Obiiqtje Muscles of the Abdomen. They 
 are two in number, and distinguished into : ] . 
 ObliqiKis .Exter'mis Abdo7n'i7iis, 0. desoen'dens 
 exter'nus, 0.,descendens, O. major, (F.) Ilio- 
 ■pubocosto-ahdom'Uial, Costo-ahdom'in(^l (Ch.), 
 Grand oblique. Oblique externe* One of "the 
 broadest muscles- of the body. It is Situate at 
 the lateral and anterior part of the abdomen ; 
 and is flat and quadrilateral. It is attached, 
 abfive, to the outer surface and lower edge of the 
 7 or 8 last ribs : bdow, to the anterior third of 
 the external lip of the crista ilii : before, it ter- 
 minates. at the linea alba by means of a broad 
 and stfongaponeuros'is, which Covers the rectus-, 
 and presents towards its inferior part two very 
 solid iibrous iascicvlli, which are: inserted, — the 
 one at the syinphysis, the other at the spine of 
 the pubis, — under the name of Pillars of the 
 Abdominal Ring. These pillars leave between 
 them an opening, which. forms the inferior ori- 
 fice of the inguinal canal. The obliqiius exter- 
 nus abdominis, depresses the ribs, and carries 
 them backwards during a strong expiration. It 
 impresses on the chest a movement of rotation, 
 and bends the thorax Upon the pelvisi or con- 
 versely. It contracts , also, the-abdominal cavity. 
 2. Obliqwus Inter'nus Abdominis, M, aedli'vis, 
 0. ascendens, O, minor, O.internics, O. ascen- 
 dens internus, (F.) IHo-lombo-costO-abdominal, 
 llio-abdotnitial (Ch.), Miiscle petit oblique on 
 oblique interne, is broad, especially before ; thin, 
 and irregularly quadrilateral, like the preced- 
 ing, beneath which it is situate. It is attached, 
 above, to the inferior edge of the cartilages of 
 the '"ith, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs ; below, to the 
 anterior two-thirds of the interstice of the crista 
 ilii, to the posterior part of the crural arch, and 
 to the pubis ; behind, to the spinous processes 
 of the last tw6 lumbar vertebrae, and to those 
 of the first two portions of the sacrum ; before, 
 to the linea alba. Its upper fibres rvm obliquely 
 upwards and forwards ; the middle are horizon- 
 tal ; and the lower pass obliquely downwards 
 and forwards. 
 
 These last, in the male, are dragged down 
 through the inguinal ring, when the testicle 
 descends, and form the two fasciculi of the cre- 
 master. 
 
 The obliquus internus resembles the 0. ex- 
 ternus in function. 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Ete, Amato'rii, 
 Cirev/magen'tes , Rotato'res Oc'uli, are two in 
 number. They are distinguished into : 1. OIU- 
 
OBLIQUE 
 
 590 
 
 OBTTTNDENS 
 
 qwus Superior Oculi, Amato'rius mus'ettlus, 
 Trochlea'ris, Trochlea'tor, Obliquus'inajor, Op- 
 tico-troehlei acUrotiden, Grand trochl&ateur 
 (Ch.,) Circumiuetio'his op'ifex, hottgi's'svnlus 
 oc'uli, (F.) Grand oblique'di I'cdljO. superieur 
 d-e I'cdl, Amoureux (Muscle,) is situate at the 
 inner and upper part of the orbit. It is small, 
 round, fusiform, and reflected upoii itself in the 
 middle of its course. Bfehind, it is attached to 
 the inside of the foramen opticum ; and when it 
 arrives opposite the internal orbitar process, it 
 becomes a small, round tendon, which slides in 
 a cartilaginous pull,ey fixed to the os frontis, 
 and is reflected, at an acute angle, to proceed 
 downwards and outwards, and to attach itself 
 to the outer and back part of the globe of tlie 
 eye. This muscle carries the globe of the eye 
 forwards and inwards ; making it experience a 
 movement of rotation, which directs the pupil 
 downwards and inwards. This is conceived to 
 be an involuntary muscle as well as the next. 
 In sleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the 
 power over thfe straight or voluntary muscles 
 of the organ is ne^irlylost, the eyeis given up to 
 the oblique muscles, which lodge the transpa- 
 rent cornea under the up{)er eyelid. At the ap- 
 proach of death, the same thing is observable ; 
 ience, the turning up of the eye, at such a 
 time, is not an evidence of agony or suffering, 
 but of insensibility. Si. Obli'quus Infe'rhr Oe'- 
 ulif O. tninor oculi, (F.) Mdxillo-scleroticien, 
 PMit TrqchUateur {Ch.),Petit oblique ou oblique 
 inferieur de I'ail, is situate at the anterior and 
 inferior part of the orbit. It Is flat and attached 
 to the inner and anterior part of the orbitar sur- 
 face of the superior maxillary bone, on the out- 
 side of the lachrymal gutter ; from thence it 
 passes outwards and backwards, and terminates 
 by, an aponeurosis, at the posterior and inner 
 part of the globe of the eye. It carHes the globe 
 of the eye invirards and forwards; and directs 
 the pupil upwards and outwards. 
 
 Oblique Muscles of the Heai). These are 
 two in number. 1 . Obliquus Superior Ctip'itis, 
 O. minor capitis, (F.) Trackelo-atloido occipital, 
 Atloldo-sous-'Tnasioidien (Ch.), Muscle oblique 
 s'uperieur ou petil oblique de la t^te. This mus- 
 cle is situate at the sides of, and behind, the 
 articulation of the head: it is flat and attached, 
 on the one hand, to the top of the transverse 
 process of the atlas ; and, on tlie other, termi- 
 nates at the occipital bone, beneath the inferior 
 curved line, and sometimes, alsojat the mastoid 
 region of the temporal bone. It extends the 
 Jiead, — inclining it to one side. 2. Obliquus In- 
 ferior Capitis, OUiqwus 'major, (F.) Spini-ax- 
 oidp-tracheliratloidieil, Axoido-atloidien (Ch.), 
 Oblique inferieur ou grand- obliq'Ue de la the, is 
 situate at the posterior part ,of the neck and 
 head. It is round, fusiform; attached to the 
 spinous process of the axis, and proceeds to 
 terminate behind and below the summit of the 
 transverse process of the atlas. It impresses, 
 on the first vertebra and the head, a movement 
 of rotation, which turns the face to one side. 
 
 OBLIQUE EXTERNE, Obliquus externus 
 abdominis— 0. Grand, Obliquus externus ?A)d.o- 
 minis— O.Grand de I'cdl, Obliquus superior ocu- 
 li — 0. Grand de la the, Obliquus inferior capi- 
 tis— o./»/eVie!(r<^<! I'aeil, Obliquus inferior oculi 
 — o. Inferieur de la tite, Obliquus inferior capi- 
 tis — 0. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis — 
 u. Fetit, Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit 
 
 de I'ail, Obliquus inferior oculi — o. Petit de la 
 tite, Obliquus superior oculi^o. Superieur de 
 I'ceil, Obliquus superior oculi — o. Superieur de 
 la the, Obliquus superior capitis. 
 
 OBLIQUITY. BE LA MATRICE, Retro- 
 versio uteri. 
 
 OBLIQUUS ASCENDERS, 0. internus ab- 
 dominis — 0. Auris,. Laxator tympani — o. De- 
 scendens externus, 0. externus abdominis — o. 
 Major, O. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capi- 
 tisj O. superior oculi — o. Minor, O. internus 
 abdominis — o. Minor capitis, 0. superior capitis 
 — o. Minor oculi, 0. inferior oculi. 
 
 OJBLIT'ERATED, Oblitera'tus; from oblite- 
 rare, f to efface,' (literce, 'letters.'?) A vessel 
 ox duct is said to be obliterated, when its pa- 
 rietes have approximated and contracted such 
 an adhesion to each other that the cavity has 
 completely disa;ppeared. 
 
 OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Hapantis- 
 mus. 
 
 OBLIVIO, Amnesia — o:. Iners, Lethargy. 
 
 OBLOBIUM, Antijobium. 
 
 OB'OLUS, OKo/o*a'*. A weight of 9 or 10 
 grains. 
 
 OBSCCENiE PARTES, Genital orgaiis. 
 
 OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, 
 Caligo. 
 
 OBSERVATION, Observa'tio, (from ob, and 
 servare, ' to keep,' e. g. in sight.) Tere'sis, 
 Symparatere'sis,' Act of examining a thing by 
 means of the external senses. This word is 
 employed in several acceptations. It expresses 
 — 1. The action of observing — ^2. The aggregate 
 of knowledge, aflwrded ,1>y observation. In 
 French — but not in English — it means the case 
 or history of the phenomena presented by " 
 patient in the course of a disease. 
 
 OBSERVATION, Casfe— o. Method of, Nu- 
 merical method. 
 
 OBSTETRIC ANS, Accoucheur. 
 
 OBSTET'RICS,from Obstetrix, 'a midwife.' 
 ToJcoVogy, Tocol'ogy, Maiei'a, Maeei'a, Maei'a, 
 Maeeu'tica ,ars, Ars obstetric"ia, Obstet'ricy. 
 The art of midwifery. 
 
 OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics. 
 
 OBSTETRIX, Midwife. 
 
 OBSTIPATIO, Constipation— ot Tenesmus, 
 Tenesmus. 
 
 Obstifatio, see Hump. 
 
 OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis— o. Capitis seu 
 Colli, Torticollis. 
 
 OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis— o. 
 Alvi, Constipation — o. Ductiis Alimentarii, 
 Constipation — o. Ductus Stenoniani, Stenoste- 
 uosis — 0. Intestinalis, Constipation-^o. Recti 
 Spastica, Stricture of th^ Rectum, spasmodic — 
 o. Pulmonum pituitosa febrilis. Peripneumonia 
 notha. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION OF THE INTESTINES, 
 Enteremphraxis. 
 
 OB'STRUENS, from oVstruo, (ob, and strttere, 
 ' to build,') ' I stop up by building against.' 
 Oppilati'vus . A medicine which closes the 
 orifices of ducts or vessels. 
 
 OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 
 OBTONDANT, Obtundens. 
 
 OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas. 
 
 OBTUN'DENS, (F.) Obtondant, from obtun- 
 dere(ob and tundere, ' to beat,') ' to beat against,' 
 and therefore to blunt the edge. An epithet 
 applied to remedies that were supposed, accord- 
 
OBTURAMENTUM 
 
 591 
 
 OCCIPITAL 
 
 ing to an erroneous, theory, to he possessed of 
 the power of blunting the aorimonjr of the hu- 
 mours. A demulcent is one of these. 
 
 OBTURAMJSNTUJVI, Emphragma. 
 
 OBTUBATEUR DU PALAIS, T&Me, ai- 
 tiiicial. 
 
 OBTURATIO, Emphraxis. 
 
 OBTURA'TORj Ohtwrato'rius., (F.) Ohtuxa- 
 teur, from obturate, ' to elose,' ' stop up the en- 
 trance.' A name given to several parts. ^ 
 
 Obturatob. Aeteby, Arteria obturato^na, 
 A. obtura'trix,(:F:) Sous-pubio femorale (Oh.), 
 Artire obtmatrici, arises, most commonly, from 
 the hypogastric. It is, however, frequently 
 given off from the epigastric ; a matter of im- 
 portance to be determined in cases of femoral 
 hernia. Of 500 obturator arteries examined by 
 Mr. J. Cloquet, 348 were furnished by the hy- 
 pogastric, and 15S by the .epigastric or crural. 
 When it arises from the hypogastric, it passes 
 forwards and outwards, and then turns horizon- 
 tally ipto the cavity of the pelvis, to issue from 
 this cavity by the opening left at the upper part 
 of the obturator membrane. When, op. the 
 contrary, the obturator artery arises from the 
 epigastric or the crural; it descends obliquely 
 inwards, behiiid the os' pubis, td the /obturator 
 foramen. At its exit from the pelvis, the arte- 
 ry divides into two branches, a posterior and an 
 anterior, which are distributed to the imuscles 
 of the anterior and superior part of the thigh. 
 
 OBTriRA'TOB. Fora'men, Fora'men Oiturato'- 
 riuTrt, P. ivfra-p^bia^num, Forii'inen ovalS, F, 
 thyroideum, F. Thyro'i'des, F. Amplum Pelvis, 
 (F.y Trou sous^puiien. A large opening, 
 of an oval or triangular form, in the anterior 
 part of the os innominatum, on the outside of 
 the symphysis pubis and beneath the horizontal 
 ramus of the os pubis. This foramen is closed 
 by a membranous ligarlaent. 
 
 OSthratob. Ligament or Membrane, Sub- 
 pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed 
 to the whole circumference of the obturator fo- 
 ramen, except above, where an opening remaii^ 
 for the. passage of the vessels and nerves of the 
 same name. 
 
 Obturator Muscles, Obturato'res, Rotato'- 
 resfem'oris. These are two in number. They 
 are divided into - , 
 
 a. Obturator Exter'nus, Extrorpelvio-pubi- 
 trochanterien, Sous^pUbio-trocharkerien externe 
 (Oh.) A muscle, situate at the anterior and 
 inner part of the thigh. It is broad, flat, and 
 triangular; and is attached, on the one handj to 
 the anterior surface of ,the os pubis, to that of 
 the ischium, and to the anterior surface of the 
 obturator ligament. Its fleshy fibi'es converge 
 to the tendon, which proceeds to be inserted at 
 the inferior part of the cavity of the great tro- 
 chanter. This muscle rotates the Aigh out- 
 wards. 
 
 h. Obturator Inter'nus, Marsupic^lis, Bursa*- 
 lis, Intra-pelvio'trochanterien, Sous-pubio-tro- 
 chanterien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost en- 
 tirely, in the pelvis. It arises from the inner 
 surface of the obturator ligament, and from the 
 posterior part of the circumference of the obtu- 
 rator foramen, and is inserted, by means of a 
 strong tendon, running between the two por- 
 tions of the geminii, into the cavity at the root 
 of the great trochanter; after having turned 
 upon the ischium, which forms for it a kind of 
 
 pulley. This muscle also rotates the thigh out- 
 wards. 
 
 Obturator Nerve, Sous-pubio-fimorixl (Ch.), 
 proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar 
 nerves. It descends into the pelvis ; gains the 
 obturator foramen ; gives branches to the obtu- 
 ratpr muscles, and divides, behind the adductor 
 primus and pe^tinalis, into two branches; one 
 antetior, whose'branches are distributed to the 
 first two adductors, gracilis, and integuments; 
 the other,, posterior, distributing its ramifica- 
 tions to the obturator externus and third ad- 
 ductor. 
 
 Obtprator Vein has, ordinarily, the same 
 arrangement as the frtery. It is comnion, 
 however, to find it arising from the epigastric; 
 whilst the corresponding artery proceeds from 
 the hypogastric, and conversely. . 
 
 OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles. 
 
 OBVOLVENTIA, Denjulcents. 
 
 OCA, Oxalis tuberosa. 
 
 OCC^CATIO, Cfficitas. 
 
 OCCtB'lTXL,Oodpita^lis. That which be- 
 longs to the occiput. 
 
 OcciPiTAj, Artery. This arises from the 
 posterior part of the external carotid, beneath 
 the parotid. It proceeds backwards, passes be- 
 tween the mastoid process and the transverse 
 process of the atlas ; reaches the occipital bone 
 and divides into two , branches, which maybe 
 called ascending posterior and anterior, and are 
 distributed to, the neighjjouring muscles and 
 ligaments. , 
 
 Oogip'itai, Bone, 0« oi/:ip'itis sea occipit'U 
 seu oceipi'ta'le, Os spkseno basilaWe, Os memo^rise, 
 Os nervo'sihn, Os basil^re, Os proves, Os. fyx'- 
 idis seu sextiim cra'nii seu lamibdqj.'des seu lamb- 
 das seu lauda seu puppis seu 'nervo'stmi seu 
 fibro'sum sen pelvicephal'ictim, (F.) Os occipital, 
 is situate at the posterior and inferior part of 
 the cranium, which it assists in forining. It is 
 flat, symmetrical/ and curved upon itself. It 
 presents, 1. An occipital or posterior surface, 
 which is convex, and has, upon the median line, 
 the bfisilary surface, the foramen magnum, 
 through whiph passes the spinal marrow with 
 its nlembranes and vessels, — the external occi- 
 pital crest, the external-occipital protuberance ; 
 and, at thje sides, the upper curved line, large 
 rough arched ridge oi transverse arch or linea 
 ..serrdcirc-Ularis, the lower curved line,, the poste- 
 rior condyloid fos-sCE, the condyles for the arti- 
 culation of this bone with the atlas; and the an- 
 terior condyloid fossa, pierced^ by a foramen 
 for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. 
 A cerebral or anterior surface.. On the median 
 line are : the basilary fosses, the inner orifice of 
 the foramen rQagnum, the internal occipital crest, 
 the internal occipital protuberance, the cruci- 
 form spine ; a channel, which lodges the termi- 
 nation of the straight sinus, and on each side, 
 the occipital fossse distinguished into superior 
 or cerebral, and inferior or cerebello.us, and se- 
 parated by a groove which lodges the. lateral 
 sinus. 3. The surfaces of the occipital bone 
 are separated by four ridges and four angles. 
 The two superior edges are articulated with the 
 parietal bones ; the two lower join the tempo- 
 ral ; and the anterior angle, under the name ba- 
 silary process, is united to the sphenoid. 
 
 The occipital bone is developed from four 
 points of ossification; and sometinies from a 
 greater number. 
 
OCCIPITIUM 
 
 592 
 
 OCULUS 
 
 OccipiTAi, Muscle^ OcHpita'Us. Manyana- 
 tomists have given this name (o the posterior 
 fasdiculus of the occipito-frontalis. . 
 - Occipital Neuve, Suh-oceipital nerve, (F.) 
 Premiere paire traeheliehne (Ch.), Nerf occi- 
 pital ou sous occipital. It arises froni the upper 
 part of the spinal marrow by eight or ten fila- 
 ments, united in two fasciculi. Thus formed, 
 it passes between the foramen magnum and th^ 
 posterior archof. the atlas; and, at this place,' 
 forms a long ganglion, afterwards dividing into 
 two branches. Of these, the anterior, which is 
 long and small, makes a turn above the trans- 
 verse process of the atlas, and forms an anasto- 
 moticnoose with.a branch of the second cefvi- 
 cal nerve. The posterior branch, larger and 
 shorter, divides into, seven or eight branches, 
 ■which are distributed to the muscles of the up- 
 per and, back part of the neck. 
 
 OocipitAL Region, Occiput. 
 
 Occipital Vein. Its roots follow exactly 
 the course of the branches of the artery, and 
 unite into a single trunk, which opens into the 
 internal jugular vein, and someitimes into the 
 external. : ' ~ ' 
 
 OCCIPITIUM; Occiput. 
 
 OC CIP'ItO-AT'LOID, Occipito-atloide'us, 
 (F.) Occipito-atla'idien. That which has re- 
 ference to the occiput and, atlas. 
 
 Occipito-Atlou) Articulaiiok is the arti-. 
 culation of the condyles'^ of the occipital, bone 
 with- the superior articular cavities of the atlas. 
 It is strengthened by two ligameplts; the one 
 anterior, the other posterior, called occipito-at- 
 loid ligaments: the oiie extends from the ante- 
 rior, the other from tie posterior', arch of the 
 atlas, to the corresponding portion of the cir- 
 cumference of the foramen magnum. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID, Occifito-axaidius, (F.) 
 Ocdpito-aKoidiem That which relates to the 
 occipital bone,a.nd the axis or second vertebra. 
 
 OccipiTO'-AxoiD Articulation is the connex-- 
 ion of the occipital^boue with the axis or second 
 vertebra, although these bones are not really 
 articulated, but are merely retained in apposi- 
 tion by three strong ligaments, the .posterior 
 of which is called the occipito-axoid, and the 
 two others odontoid. ■ 
 
 OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS,Dtg-ai'«n<!«s<!r(!i'- 
 nii, jEpicra'nius,Fro7ita'li$ et occipitalis. The 
 majority of anatomists call by this name the 
 whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial 
 or coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,) which 
 covers the head from the occiput. to the fore- 
 head. It is attached, by its posterior fascicu- 
 lus, to the two outer thirds of tie upper curved 
 line of the occipital-bone, and to the outer sur- 
 face of the mastoid portion of the temporal ; and, 
 by its anterior fasciculus, it terminates at the 
 eyebrow, whete it becomes confounded with 
 the sup6rciliaris, pyramidalis nasi, and orbicu- 
 laris palpebrarum. 
 
 The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of 
 its'anterior fasciculus, draws forward a part of 
 the integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles 
 the skin of the forehead transversely, and may, 
 also, contribute to open the eye by its decussa- 
 tion with the orbicularis palpebrarum. The 
 posterior fasciculus of the muscle draws back- 
 wards a part of the skin of the cranium and as- 
 sists in stretching the common aponeurosis. 
 
 OCCIP'ITO-MENINGEAL. That which 
 
 belongs to the occij)ital bone, and to the me- 
 ninge-or dura mater. 
 
 Occipito-menihgeal Artery, inChaussier's 
 nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given 
 off to the dura mater at its entrance into the 
 cranium. 
 
 OC'CIPUT, Occipit'iiim, Regio occipita'lis, 
 In'ion, from oh, and caput, Opisthocra'nium, 
 Opisthoceph'alon, Prora, Occipi'tium. The 
 back part of the head, formed by the occjpital 
 bone. 
 
 OCCLTJ'SION, Occlu'sih,Myce, fiom occh- 
 dere, ' to shut up.' Sometimes this word sig- 
 nifies, simply, the transient approximation of the 
 edges of a natural opening^the occlusion of the- 
 eyelids, fOt example; at others it is synonymous 
 with.imperforatibji, as occlusion of the pupil, 
 ■Bagina, &c. ' 
 
 OCCULT BISEASES, see Latent. 
 
 OCHEMA, Vehicle. 
 
 OCHETEUMATA, Nares. 
 
 OCHETOS, Canal. 
 
 bCHEUS, Scrotum. 
 
 GCHREA RUBRA, Hasmatltes. 
 
 OCHRIASIS, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROMA, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow. 
 
 OCHROTES, Paleness. 
 
 OCHROTYPHUS, Fever, yellow. 
 
 OCHTHODES,. Callous. 
 
 OC'IMUM BASIL'ICUM, Basil'icum, Be- 
 re7i'd&rqs,Basincv/nimajus, B. citra'tum', Com' 
 mon or Citron basil, (F.) Basilic commun. Nat. 
 Ord. Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Dydynamia Gymno- 
 spermia. This herb has a fragrant odour and 
 aromatic taste-. It is used as, a condiment, and 
 has-been supposed to possess nervine properties, 
 
 OciMUM Cab'tophylla'tum, O. min'imum. 
 Small or Bush basil. Possesses properties si- 
 milar to the former. It is sometimes used as 
 snuflf. I 
 
 OCREA, Hippocampus minor. Shin. 
 
 OCTA^NA, Hebdomada'ria, Fehris heldomti- 
 da'ria, from octo, 'eight.' A fever whose pa- 
 roxysms recur every week. A supposititious 
 case. 
 
 QCTA'RIUS. The eighth part of a wine- 
 gallon. It contains sixteen fluidoufices, (Ph. 
 U. S.) to 20 fluidounces imperial measure. 
 
 OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages. 
 
 OC'TUNX. A weight of eight ounces." 
 
 OCULARES COMMUNES, Motores oculo- 
 rum — o. Dentes, Canine teeth. 
 
 OCULARIA, Euphrasia.ofiiclnalis. 
 
 OCT LI MARMARYGODES, Metamor- 
 phopsia — 0. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa. 
 Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 
 OCULIST, Oculis'ta, Ophthalmia'ter, Med'- 
 icus ocjda'riiis. One who occupies himself, 
 chiefly, with the management of diseases of the 
 eye. v 
 
 OCULISTIQJJE, Ophthahnology. 
 
 OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES, COM- 
 MON, Motores oculorum. 
 
 OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS, Rectus in- 
 ternus oculi— o. Movens quartns. Rectus infe- 
 rior oculi— 0. Movens secundus. Rectus exter- 
 nus oculi— 0. Movens tertius. Rectus superior 
 oculi. 
 
 OCULUS, Eye— o. Bovinus, Hydrophthal- 
 mia— 0. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 
 — o. Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia — o. Caesius, 
 
OCyODYNIC 
 
 593 
 
 ODONTOTECHNY 
 
 Glaucoma— 0. Duplex, Binoculus — o. Elephan- 
 tinus, Hydrophthalmia — ^o. Genu, Patella— o. 
 LachrymanSj , Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hy- 
 popyon— o. Simplex, see Monoculus — o. Ty- 
 phouis, Scilla. < 
 
 OCYODYNIC, Ocytocic. 
 
 OCYFH'ONUS, from mvs, «quicfc,' and 
 <l>c»oc, ' murder.' An agent that kill? speedily. 
 
 OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 OCYTOCIC, Oxytocia, Ocytoce'us, Ocytoc'- 
 ius, Ocyt'oeus, Ocyody'nic, Odinago'gus, flora 
 oSut, ' quick,' and taxss, ' labour.' Any thing 
 that expedites parturition. 
 
 OCYTOCIUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 OOYTOCUS, Ocytocic. 
 
 ODA,XIS'MUS, Odaxes'miis, Odonfocne'sis, 
 Odontocnesmus, from oJot/;, 'a tooth.' The 
 painiiil itching of the gums which precedes the 
 appearance of the teeth. Dentition. 
 
 ODES. A suffix, see Eidos. 
 
 OiDETTR, Odour. 
 
 ODIN, Pains, (labour.) 
 
 ODINAGOGUS, Ocytpcict , 
 
 ODINOL'YSIS, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and 
 Mio-it, ' solution.' Mitigation of labour pains 
 
 ODINOPGE'A,from ojiv, ' labour pains,' and 
 B-titei), ' I make.' Agents that encourage labour 
 pains. - 
 
 ODIS, Painsj labour. 
 
 ODME, Odour. 
 
 ODOiMTAGOGON, Dentagra. ^ 
 ' ODO N'T AGRA, from oJou;, 'a tooth,? and 
 oj-ja, ' a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty pain 
 in the teeth. Dentagra. j 
 
 ODONTAL'GIA, from ohus, ' a tooth,' and 
 aJyor, 'pain.' Odon'tj,a, Den'tium dolor, Tooth- 
 ache, Odon'tia doloro'sa, Cham/phi' asis^ Gomphi- 
 as'mus, OdontodynUti, (F.) Do2tlisur des dents. 
 Fluxion sur les dents, Mai de dent, Mai d'amoitr. 
 A disease dependent, upon a variety of causes 
 affecting the cavity of the tooth ; but generally 
 owing to caries, which exposes the cavity to 
 the action of the air, and to extraneous matters 
 in general. Hence, the treatment consists in 
 plugging the tooth, or destroying the sensibility 
 of the nerve, by powerful stimulants; "and, if 
 these me?tns fail, in extracting the tooth. 
 
 Odontalgia Caeiosa, Dental gangrene — o. 
 Dentitionis, Dentition — o. Haemodia, Hasmodia. 
 
 Odontalgia Nervosa, Neural'gia Denta'lis. 
 Neuralgia of the Teeth. Characterized by pe- 
 riodical pain; shooting with the utmost violence 
 along the branches of the fifth pair distributed 
 to the affected jaw. 
 
 Odontalgia Remittens et Inte-bmittems, 
 Neuralgia infra-orbita-ria. 
 
 ODONTAL6IC, Anti'-odontalgici 
 
 ODONTAMBLYOGMUS, H«modia. 
 
 0D0NTH.5:M0DIA, Hffimodia. - 
 
 ODONTHARPAGA, Dentagra. ' 
 
 ODONTHYPERiESTHESIS, ksemodia. , 
 
 ODONTIA, .Odontalgia. 
 
 OdontiaDefor'mis. Deformity of the 
 teeth from error or shape, position, or number. 
 —Good. . 
 
 Odontia Dentitionis Lactantidm, see Den- 
 tition (first)— o. Dentitionis puerilis, see Den- 
 tition, (second) — 0. Edentula, see Nefrendes — 
 0. Excrescens, Epulis — 0. Incrustans, Odonto- 
 lithos — 0. Stuporis, Haemodia. 
 
 ODONTIASIS, Dentition. 
 
 ODONTIATER, Dentist. 
 
 ODONTIATRIA,- Dentistry. 
 
 ODONTIC, Anti-odontalgie. 
 
 ODONTI'TIS, Odontophleg'mont, from'oioij?, 
 ' a tooth,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flafnmation of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS, Odontopk'atni'Hs, 
 Infidmrna'tio alveolo'rum, from odontobothrium, 
 'alveolus,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the alveoli. 
 
 ODONTOBOTS:RIUM, Alveolus. 
 
 ODONTOCLA'SIS, from odouq, < a tooth,' and 
 xlnrif, 'fracture;' Fractu'ra den'tis. Frac- 
 ture of a tooth. ||^ 
 
 ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxismus. 
 
 ODONTOCNESMOS, Odaxismus. 
 
 ODONTODES, Odontoid. 
 
 ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia. 
 
 ODONTOG"ENY, Odontogen'ia; from oScvg, 
 ocfovTos, ' a tooth,' and ysvKrig, ' generation.' 
 Generation or mode- of development of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOGLYPHON, Giirn lancet. 
 
 ODONTOGLYPHUM, Dentiscalpiam. 
 
 ODON'TOID, Odontoi'des, Odonto'des, Den- 
 tiforiti'is, Denta'lis, Dentoideus, Pyrenol'des, 
 from o^ou;, ' a, tooth,' and nSog, ' shape,' ' re- 
 semblance.' This -epithet is given to the Pro- 
 cessus dentatus of the second vertebra or axis. 
 
 OnoNTqiD LiG'AMENTS,i(Fr) Ligaments odon- 
 toidiems, are, two strong, ind short conical fas- 
 ciculi, whose truncated summits embrace the 
 sides of the odontoiii process, and whose basgs 
 are fixed in the fossae at the inner side of the 
 condyles' of the occipital bone. Their direc- 
 tion is obliquely outwards and slightly upwards. 
 They enter into the coinposition of the occipito- 
 axoid articulation ; strengthen tbe junction of 
 the head with- tbe vertebrah column, and limit 
 the movement of rotation of the atlas on the 
 axis. 
 
 ODONTOL'ITHOS; from oSsm;, 'a toothj' 
 and^i^ot, 'a'stone.'- Asort of incrustation, of 
 a yellowish cblour, which forms at the base of 
 the teeth, and is called Tartar,- Tar'tarus Deti- 
 tiierii, Odon'tia incrus'4:anSp Cal'cnlus ■ denta'- 
 lisiiW.) Tartre des Dents. It consists of seven- 
 ty-nine parts of phosphate of lime ; twelve and 
 a half of , mucus ; one of a particular salivary 
 matter, and seven and a' half of^ animal sub- 
 stance, soluble in chlorohydric acid. 
 
 ODONTOL'OGY, Odontolog"ia, from iSous, 
 'a tooth,' and Uyog, 'a discourse.-' An anato- 
 micaltreatise of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTONECROSIS, Dental gangrene. - 
 ^ ODONTOPARALliAX'IS, from oiov?, 'a 
 tooth,' and va^ailu^ig, ' deviation.' "Irregularity 
 and obliquity of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOPHATNE, Alveolus. 
 
 ODONTOPHATNITIS, Odontobothritis. 
 
 ODONTOPHYIA, Dentition. 
 
 ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor den- 
 tium. 
 
 ODONTOSEI'SIS, Odontoseis'mus, Den'tium 
 vadllan'tia. Looseness of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis." 
 
 ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice. 
 
 ODONTOSPHACELISIS, Dental gangrene. 
 
 ODONTOSPHAGELISMUS, Dental gan- 
 grene. 
 
 ODONTOSTERE'SIS, from ojowc, 'a tooth,' 
 and crTiQr,tric, ' privation^' Loss of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOSYNERISMUS,from oSovs.'a. 
 tooth,' and auvsgiUiv, ' to strike together.' (F.) 
 Claquement. Chattering of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOTECHNY, Dentistry. 
 
ODONTOTHERAPIA 
 
 594 
 
 (ENEL^ON 
 
 ODONTOTHERAPIA, Dentistry. 
 
 ODONTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice. 
 
 ODORAMENTUM-, Odoriferum. 
 
 ODORAT, Olfaction. 
 
 ODORATIO, Olfaction. 
 
 ODORATUS, Olfaction— o. Deperditus, 
 Anosmia. 
 
 ODORIFERUM, from odor, 'odour,' and 
 fero, ' I c4rry ;' Odora/men'tum. A medicine 
 that gives odour or flavour. ^ A scent. A per- 
 fume. 
 
 ODOS, Way. 
 
 O'DOpR, Odor, Odme, Osme, (F..J Odevr. 
 A smell. Odours are subtle particles, con- 
 stantly escaping from the surface of certain bo- 
 dies. They act, in some manner, by actual 
 contact, vi^ith the nerves of the Schneide'rian mem- 
 brane, and give occasion to the sense of smell 
 or olfaction. 
 
 ODOUS, Tooth. 
 
 OD'YNE, oiurt], 'pain,' Dolor, Odyne'ma. 
 A very common sufBx to words; as in Pleu- 
 rodyne. 
 
 ODTNEMA, Odyne. 
 
 CECONOMIA, Economy— ce. Animalis.Phy- 
 siology. 
 
 OEDALICUS, (Edematous. 
 
 (EDALIUS, CEdematous. . 
 
 (EDE'MA,from oiitw, ' I am swollen.' Hy- 
 dron'ciis, CEdemat'ia, Tiyderon'c^s,Hydiiton'- 
 cus, Hydrocsde'ma, Hydr-ede'ffia, Hydrops cel- 
 lula ris dr'tuum,' Fhlegtna'tia, Leucojphiegfrw/- 
 tia, lEcphy'ma ademat'icicm, (F.) (Edeme, 
 CEdematie, Enflure. Swelling produced by the 
 accumulation of a serous fluid ip the interstices 
 of the <;ellular texture. This svyelling is soft j 
 yields under the finger; preserves the impres- 
 sion for some time, and is pjle and without pain. 
 It presents the same characters as anasarca, 
 which is general oedema. Its etiology and treat- 
 ment are also the same. See Anasarca. 
 
 CEdema Acu*um, see Anasarca. 
 
 OLde'ma Arsenic a'lis. The swelling of the 
 eyelids and face, induced by continued use of 
 the preparations of arsenic. 
 
 CEdema Caliddm, see Anasarca — oe. Capitis, 
 Hydrocephalus externus. 
 
 CEde'ma Cer'ebri, (F.) (Edime du cerveau. 
 CEdema of the brain. A condition of the cere- 
 bral pulp, in which there is an infiltration of 
 serous. fluid into it, so that it appears more 
 moist or watery than common j andj wTien 
 sliced or pressed, small droj>s of water are 
 seen to ooze out. 
 
 CEdema, Compact, Induration of the cellu- 
 lar tissue— CE. Crnentumj Suggillation—ce. Fe- 
 brile, see Anasarca— oe. Fugax, Anathyttliasis 
 — CE. Hystericum, Anathymiasis. 
 
 CEdema OF THE Glottis, (Edem'atous 
 Laryngi'tis. L. suhmuco'sa seu ademato'sa 
 sea sero-puruUn'ta, CEde'ma glot'tidia. Hy- 
 drops glot'tidis,.Angi'na aquo'sa, A. laryn- 
 ge'a (Edemato'sa, Suhmu'cous Laryngi'tis, CE- 
 dem'atous angi'na, (F.) Laryngite adima- 
 teuso, L. cedemateuse et sero-puruUnte, L. sus- 
 ^lottiqiLe, L. sous-muqiieuse, Angine lairyngee 
 ademateuse, (Edime de la glotte. A disease 
 consisting of serous or sero-purulent infiltration 
 into the submucous tissue of the glottis. The 
 symptoms resemble those of croup ; but the 
 disease attacks the adult rather than the child. 
 The age is, indeed, a principal means of dia- 
 gnosis between the two affections. 
 
 The disease is almost ^always, fatal. The 
 treatment has to vary according to the accom- 
 panying general symptoms. 
 , CEdema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 (Edema of the Lungs, CEde'^na pulmo'num, 
 FneumqcU yeis, Pneumoneede'ma, Hydrops Ful- 
 mjt'num,' Hydrapneumo'nitu, Anasar'ca Pul- 
 mo!nv/m, (F.) CEdim^ du powmon. Laennec 
 has so called the infiltration of serum into the 
 tissue of the lung, carried to such an extent as 
 to diminish its permeability to air. It is not 
 an uncommon sequela of pneumonia, and the 
 major exanthemata. The respiration is labo- 
 rious; the respiratory murmur scarcely percep- 
 tible, although the thorax is largely expanded, 
 and there is a slight rale or«;)i«fflM«,, particularly 
 at the, base and inferior part of the lung. The 
 sound on percussion is clear, and on both sides 
 equally so. The cough is attended with aque7 
 ous expectoration. In some cases the respira- 
 tion becomes puerile in a small portion of the 
 summit of the lung. 
 
 CEdema PaIpebearum, Hydroblepharon — 
 oe. Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens^oe. Pul- 
 monuni, CEdema of the lungs — ce. Pulmonum 
 chronicum, Hydropneumonia — oe. Scroti aquo- 
 sum, Oschydroedetna — ce. Scroti crueutum, 
 CEschaBmatcedema-rrioe. Scroti purulentum, Os- 
 cheopyoedema — ce. Scroti urinosum, Urocele— 
 ce. Spasticum, Anathymiasis^oe. UvuliE, Sta- 
 phyloedema. 
 
 CEDEMATIA; (Edema. 
 
 CEDiMATIE,(F.iema. 
 
 CEDEMATOSARCA, CEdemosarca. 
 
 CE D E MATOSCHEOCE'LE, (Edemoseheo- 
 ce'le, Oscheoce'lB' (BdematHcaM Oscheocele with 
 oedema of-the^scrotum. 
 
 CEDEM'ATOUS, CEdemato'sus, CEde- 
 m^t'icus, (Edemato'des, (Edal'ius, (EdaVicus, 
 Edem'utous. Affected with oedema. 
 
 (EDkME, CEdemar-ffi. du Cerveau, CEde- 
 ma cerebri — tc. Douloureux des ' femmies en 
 couche, Phlegmatia dol^ns^os. des Nouvelles 
 accouchees, Phlegmatia dolens — a. actif 4es 
 Nouvelles accouchees, Phlegmatia dolens — 
 ce. de la ' Glotte, .CEdema of the glottis — a. de 
 la Glotte, Angina oedematosa— rffi. dti Tissu 
 cellulaire des nouv'eau-nes, Induration of the 
 cellular tissue. 
 
 OE D E M OS A R' C A, (Edematosar'ca. A 
 species of tumour mentioned by -M. K. Severi- 
 nus, which holds a middle place between oedema 
 and sarcoma. 
 
 , CEDEMOSCHEOCELE, CEdematoscheo- 
 cele. ' , 
 
 (EIL, Eye — a. de Bauf, Anthemis tinctoria 
 — (B. Double, Binoculus — ffi,j^e Idivre, Lagoph- 
 thalmus — <e. Si-tnple, see Monoculiisi 
 
 (EILLET GIROFLiE, Dianthus caryo- 
 
 phyllus. ' 
 
 CEILLI&RE, Scaphium oculare. 
 
 CENAN'THE, CE. croca'ta, CE. chxrophyVli 
 fo'liis. Hemlock dropwort,.HemlocJc water-drop- 
 wort. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. 
 Pentandria Digynia. A violent poison of the 
 acro-narcotic class. Its juice has been recom- 
 mended in certain cutaneous diseases ; but it is 
 scarcely ever used. It is employed in fomen- 
 tations. 
 
 CEnanthe Phellandrium, Phellandrium 
 aquatiSum. 
 
 CENELjE'ON, from oivss, ' wine,' and ewiof, 
 
CENOGALA 
 
 595 
 
 OFFICINA 
 
 'oil.' A mixture of oil and wine. — iGalen. 
 Also, rectified spirit or alcohol. 
 
 (ENOG'ALA, oivoyaU, from oivoc, 'wine,' 
 and ,}.«)ia, ' milk,'-!-' a mixture of wine and 
 milk.' According to some, wine as warm as, 
 new mUk. 
 
 (ENOG'ARON, Garum vino mistvm. Wine 
 mixed with garum.^Aetius. 
 
 (ENOIDES, Vinous. 
 
 CENOMANIA, Delirium tremens. 
 
 (B'NOMEL, (Enom'eliyixom otvoc, 'winej' 
 and fifMj ' honey.' Mel vino'sum, Mulaumvi- 
 no' sum.. Honey wine. Wine mead. 
 
 CENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia. 
 
 CENOPHLYXIS, Temulentia. 
 
 (ENDS, Wine. . 
 
 CENOSTAGMA, Spiritua \-ini rectificatus. 
 
 (ENOTHE'RA BIEN'NlS, £B. Mollis' sima, 
 Evening Primrose, Tree Primr^osi, Primrose 
 tree, Seahish. An indigenous plant, common 
 on the borders of fields, and in natural hedges. 
 Sex.Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Its properties 
 are mucilaginous and slightly acrid. A decoc- 
 tion has 'been used in cases of infantile and 
 Other eruptions.. 
 
 (ESOPHAGE'AL, CEsopkaga'us, (F.) (E^sd- 
 phagien. Relating or belonging to the oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 CESOPHAGEAL Ap'EKTDEEOF THE Di'a- 
 
 PHRAGM, (F.) O-dverture (Bsopkagienne du dia- 
 plvragme. An opening- in the diaphragm for 
 the passage of the cesophagus. 
 
 (EsbPHAGEAL Aperture of the -Stomach. 
 A name given to the superior or car<^s"ao orifice 
 of the stomach, to distinguish it from the, infe- 
 rior or pyloric. 
 
 (Esophageal Muscli;, CEsophaga'ws . 
 Some anatomists have given this name to the 
 transverse muscular fibres which surround the 
 cesophagus at its upper extremity. 
 
 CEsophageal Tube, see Tube, oesophageaL • 
 
 CESOPHAGEURYS'iy^A, (EsopH,'agns suc- 
 eenturia'tus, horn otaotpxyo^, 'the cesophagus,' 
 4nd ivQuafin, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of the 
 ffisophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGI'ARCTI A, Dysphagia con- 
 stricta. i 
 
 (E SOPHAGIEN, '(muscle,) Constrictor 
 
 CESOPHAGIS'MUS, (Esophagis'mum. A 
 name given -by Vogel to spafsra of the lAso^hdu- 
 gas, , Dy spha'gia spasmod'ica,'^D. Spas'tica, 
 (Esophagospaam'us, D. Nervo'sa, Strietu'ra 
 (Bsoph'agi spa^smodica, (Esophagial'gia, Tenes'- 
 mus GulcB, (F.) Thiesme de Vmsophage. . By 
 some used synonymously with oesophagitis, 
 dysphagia, and contraction of the cesophagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGI'TIS, Inflammation of the oeso- 
 phagus, — Angi'na msophagce'a, Cynan'ohe ceso- 
 phagae'a, Dyspha'gia inflammato'ria, Injlam- 
 ma'tio osoph'agi, I, Gules, (F.) Angine ceso- 
 
 (ESOPHAGODYN'IA, from oio-oifayo?, ' the 
 oesophagus,' and oSovti, 'pain.' Pain in the 
 oesophagus. ' ^ 
 
 , (ESOPHAGOPATHI'A, Morbus (Esoph'agi, 
 from oio-oipoysf, 'the oesophagus,' and na^at, 
 ' disease.' A morbid condition of the oesopha- 
 gus. 
 
 CESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Bijspha'gia para- 
 lyt'ioa, from oiai^ayog, 'the oesophagus,' and 
 »■^»}■|J, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the oesophagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGORRHAG'IA, from oiyoqw^cc, 
 ' the (Esophagus,' and gaV/j ' ^ rupture.' He- 
 morrhage from the cesophagus. 
 
 (^SOPHAGORRHCE'Ajfrom oiir«<fiaviif, 'the 
 oesophagus,' and ^sm, 'I flow.'- Discharge of 
 blood Of mucus from the oesophagus. 
 
 CESOPHAGOSPASM'US, from cirigays, 
 'the oesophagus,' ando-a-ao-^tos, 'spasm.' Spasjn 
 of the oesophagus. 
 
 (ESOPHAGOT'OMY,. (Esophagotom'ia^ 
 from oiffo^oryof, ' the oesophagus,' and tsiuvjik, 
 ' to cut.'' An incision made into the oesophagus 
 for the pvirpose of estracting foreign bodies 
 from it. , 
 
 (ESOPH'AGUS, from omi, ' I carry,' and 
 (fafini 'I eati' Giila, Fis'tula ciba'lis, Via 
 stont'achi et pentris, Fis'tula vel Infundib'uliim 
 Ventrio'uli, Gluttus. The Gullet. A musculo- 
 membranous canal, cylindrical, and depressed 
 from before to behind, which extends from the 
 inferior extremity of the pharynx to the upper 
 orifice of the stomach. At its origin, it is 
 situate in the median line; but, beheath the 
 larynx, it deviates to the left, and in the chest 
 experiences' different inflections. In its cervi- 
 cal portion, it corresponds, behirid, with the 
 spine J before^ with the latynx and trachea; 
 and,. at the sides, it is close to the primitive 
 carotids, internal jugular veins, par vagum, re- 
 current nerves, &c. In its inferior o;; thoracic 
 portion, the cesophagus is entirely contained in 
 the posterior mediastinum j and enters the abdo- 
 men through the oesophageal aperture of the dia- 
 phragm. The oesophagus is composed of a very 
 strong muscular lay^r, sometimfes called Tunica 
 vaginalis grilas; formed, itself, -of two sets of 
 fibres, the external being generally longitudinal, 
 the internal transverse or annular. 2. Of a 
 mucous membrane which is soft, fine, thin, and 
 white, especially at its lower part. It ,is con- 
 tinuous, above, with the mucous membrane of 
 the pharynx. The mucous follicles, found be- 
 neath it, are not numerous, and have been called 
 (Esophageal glands, the arteries of the oeso- 
 phagus proceed, in the neck, froni the thyroid ; 
 In the chesti from the bronchial arteries knd 
 directly from the aorta; — in the abdonienj from 
 the inferior phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. 
 Its veins empty themselves into the inferior 
 thyroid, the vena cava superior, the internal 
 naamrriary, azygos, bronchial, phrenic, and co- 
 ronaria ventriculi. Its lymphatics pass inta the 
 ganglia surrounding it. Its nerves are afforded 
 by the pharyngeal and pulmonary plexuses : by 
 the cardiac nerves ; the. thoracic ganglia, andi 
 especially, by the pneumogastrics and their re- 
 current branches. 
 
 CEsophagus Stjooenturiatus, Pharyngocele. 
 
 (ESTROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 (ESTRITM, Clitoris. 
 
 (E STRUM Ven'eris^ (Estr2im vene'reum, 
 (Estrus ve?ie'reus ; from oi^TQot, cestrus, 'a 
 violent inipulse or desire.' A vehement desire 
 for sexual intercourse. With some, oestrum 
 signifies Clitoris. 
 
 CE'SYPUS, from oic, 'a sheep,' and guTro;, 
 'dirt' [?]. The greasy matter of unwashed 
 wool ; formerly employed in friction in diseased 
 joints. 
 
 CEUFS, Ova. 
 
 OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S or SURGEON'S, 
 latrion. 
 
 OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium. 
 
OFFICINAL 
 
 596 
 
 OINTMENT 
 
 OFFICINAL, Officirta'Us, from offidna, 'a 
 shop.' - A.I1 «pithet for medicines found in the 
 shop of the apothecEury, ready prepared — nsua'- 
 lia; in opposition to. 'magistral or. exteTrfpora- 
 meoMj,— those prfeparej after .the prescription of 
 the physician. *~ 
 
 OFFIUM, AfBon, OpSum. - 
 
 OFFSPRING, Epigone. 
 
 OFFUStATIO, Amaurosis. 
 
 OGLA, Oogala. 
 
 OGNON, a Corn— 0. Marin, Scilla. 
 
 OHI'O, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ydlow 
 Spring is a chalybeate, situate in Grepn county, 
 64 miles from, Cincinnati. It is sometimes fre- 
 quented. 
 
 OIE, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 OIGNON, Allium cepa. ; , 
 
 OIL, O'leum, Els'on, (F.) Htfilk; from siiara, 
 'the olive.' A collective name, under which 
 two plasses of fluids are included, very. diffeA 
 rent from each -other : those belonging to the 
 one class, are viscid ; mawkish or almost in- 
 sipid; those of the other are nearly devoid of 
 viscidity, and are caustic and very volatile. 
 The former are called /a* ox fixed oils; the- 
 latter volatile or essential oils, or essences. 
 
 Oil OF Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum — o> 
 of Amber, rectified, see Succinum^ — o. A.nirfial, 
 Oleum animale^o. Animal, of Dipppl, Oleum 
 animale Dippelii — o. of Bay, Daphneleeon — o. 
 of Bays, Oleum laurinum — o. and Beeswax, Uu- 
 guentumcersB — o.of Benjamin or Benzoin,01eum 
 benzoini — o. Benne, see Sesamum orientalel 
 
 Oil, British. An empirical . preparation 
 often used in cases of sprains. 
 
 A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following form for 
 its preparation. — 01. Terebinth. Ol.Jjini.usita- 
 tiss. iia. f. §viij, Ol. Succini. 01. Juniper, aa. 
 f. giv. Petrol. BaHadens. f. ,^iij, Petrol. Ame- 
 ricam'. {Seneca Oil,) f. §j. M. 
 
 Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao^o. of the 
 Cashew nut, see' Anacairdiuju occidentale — o. 
 Castor, see Ricinus communis — o. of Chabert, 
 Oleum animale empyreumaticum Chaberti — o. 
 of Cinnamon, see Laurus cinnamomum — o. of 
 Cloves, Eugenia caryophyllata — o. Codliver, 0. 
 Jecoris aselli — o.of Cubebs, see Piper cub^ba — 
 o. of Cypress, Cyprinum oleum — o. of Dill, see 
 Anethum graveplens — o. Dippel's, Oleum ani- 
 male Dippelii — o. of Egg,- see Ovum-^o. Ethe- 
 real, Oleum .ffithereum — o. Flaxseed, see Linum 
 usitatissimum. 
 
 Oil, Fusel, Fousel oil, Potc^to oil. An 
 acrid volatile oil, formed in the manufacture of 
 potato brandy, and which is not easily separable 
 from it. Its chemical constitution is analogous 
 to, that of alcohol. It exhales a powerful and 
 peculiarly suffocating odour. S. g. .818. In 
 small doses, it is highly stimulating, — acting 
 like narcotics in general. In large doses it 
 destroys the mucous membranes of the stomach. 
 
 Oil, Baeelem. An empirical preparation 
 supposed to consist chiefly of petroleum, tur- 
 pentine, and balsam of sulphur. Used inter- 
 nally in renal and rheumatic affections. 
 
 Oil, Kkumholz, see Pinus mughos— o. of 
 Lemons, see Citrus medica — o. Lily, see Lilium 
 candidum— 0. of Mucilages, Oleum e raucila- 
 ginibus— 0. Neatsfoot, Oleum bubulum— o. of 
 Nicodemus, Nicodemi oleum— o. of Nutmegs, 
 see Myristica moschata — o. Olive, Oleum olivse 
 — 0. Palm, see Cocos butyracea— o. Paper, Py- 
 
 rothonide — o. of Pennyroyal, see Hedeomapule- 
 gioides— o.of Pike; Oleum luciipiscis— O.Rock, 
 Petrolaeum — o. Potato, Oil, Eusel— ^o. Rag, Py- 
 rothonide — o. of Roses, see Rosa centifolia — o. 
 of Rue, Peganelseoin, see'Ruta — o. of Spike, 
 Oleum terebinthinEB^o. of St. John's Wort, see 
 Hypericum perforatum — p. Salad, Oleum olivae 
 — o. of Scorpion, see Scorpion — o. Sulphuretted, 
 Balsamum sulphuris simplex — o. of Tartar, Li- 
 quor potassEs subcarbonatis — o. of Turpentine, 
 Oleum terebinthinae^o. of Turpentine, recti- 
 fied, Oleum terebinthioas rectificatum — o. of 
 Vitriol, Sulphuric acid— o. of Wine, Oleum 
 asthereum. ■ , 
 
 Oils, Amimal, Olea animalia — o. Distilled, 
 Olea volatilia — o. Empyreurnatic, Olea empy- 
 reurpatica — o. Essential, Qlea volatilia — o. 
 ■Ethereal, Olea volatiliai^o. Expressed, Olea 
 fix;a — 0. Fatty,'01ea fufa^-o. Fixed, Olea fixa — 
 o. Fugacious, Olea fugacia — o. Medicinal, Olea 
 medicinalia^-o. Volatile, Olea volatilia. 
 
 OILNDT, Juglans cinerea. 
 
 OILY Grain, Sesamum prientale. 
 
 OINTMENT, Unguentum— 0. of Antimony, 
 tartarized, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati — 
 0. Basilicon, Unguentum resinae — o. Bay, Un- 
 guentum laurinum — o. Blister, Cerate of can- 
 tharides — o. Blistering, grefen; Unguentum lyttse 
 medicatum — o. Blistering, milder, Unguen- 
 tum lyttse — 0. Blistering, yellow^ Unguentum 
 lyttse medicatum aliud — o. Blue, Unguentum 
 hydrargyri — o. Citrine, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitratis — o. of Creasote, Unguentum creasoti — 
 o. Cyrillp's, Unguentum niuriatis hydrargyri 
 oxygenati medicatns^-o. Digestive, simple, Un- 
 guentum digestivum simplex — o. Edinburgh, 
 see Unguentum veratri^o. Elderj Unguentum 
 sambuci — o. of Elemi, Unguentum elemi com- 
 positum— ^0. for the Eyes, (Smellome's,) see 
 Ceratum resinae — o. Golden, Unguentum hy- 
 drargyri nitrico-oxidi — o. Golden, Singleton's, 
 see Singleton's golden ointn^ent — o. Goulard's, 
 Ceratum plumbi" cornpositum— o. Green, Un- 
 guentum sambuci — b. Hellebore, white, Unguen- 
 tum veratri — o. of Hydriodate of potass, Un- 
 guentum potassae hydriodatis: — o. of lodiiie, Un- 
 guentum lodini — :0. of Iodine, compound, Un- 
 guentum iodini compositum — o. Itch, Unguen- 
 tum sulphuris compositum — o.'Itch, Bateman's, 
 see Unguentum sulphuratum alealinum ad sca- 
 biem — 0. Itch,, Bailey's, see Unguentum .sul- 
 phuratum ad scabipm — o. Itch, Helmerick's, 
 Unguentum sulphuratum alealinum ad scabiem 
 — 0. Issue, Dr. Physick's, see Unguentum lyt- 
 tae medicatum alipd — o. of white oxide of Lead, 
 Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi — o. of Lydia, 
 Bacaris — o. Marshmallow, Unguentum de Al- 
 thaea — 0. Mercurial, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. 
 of liitrate of Mercury,' Ungtientum hydrargyri 
 nitratis — o. of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguen- 
 tum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — o. of nitric 
 oxyd of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxydi — o. of Nitrous acid, Unguentum 
 acidi nitrosi — o. Plunkett's, for cancer, Plun- 
 kett's ointment — o. red Precipitate, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi ' — o. of white 
 Precipitate, Unguentum hydrargyri praecipi- 
 tati albi — o. Resin, Ceratum resinse flavae — 
 o. Resin, black, Unguentum resinae nigrae — o. 
 of Rosewater, Unguentum aquae rosae — o_. Sol- 
 dier's, Martiatum unguentum — o. of Spanish 
 flies, Cerate of Cantharides, Unguentum lyttae 
 — 0. Spermaceti, Unguentum cetacei — o, of 
 
OIOCALYMMA 
 
 597 
 
 OLECRANON 
 
 Stramonium, Unguentum stramonii— o. of Sut- 
 acetate of copper, Unguentum subacetatis cupri 
 — 0. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum plumbi Su- 
 peracetatis— 0. Sulphur,, Unguentum sulphuris 
 — 0. Sulphur,^ compound, Unguentum sulphuris 
 compositum— K). Tar, Unguentum picis liquidee 
 — p. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaci-^o. Tutty, 
 Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — o. Verdigris, 
 Unguentum subacetatis cuprite. Wax, Un- 
 guentum cersE^-o. White, Unguentum oxidi 
 plumbi albi — o. Zinc, Unguentum -zinci — o. of 
 impure oxide of Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci 
 impuri. 
 
 OiOCALYM'MA, O'iocalyftrum; from toior,. 
 'egg.,' and xaXuTrrsiv, 'to.'coV^r;' Membra'na 
 O'vuH cortiea'lis. The membrane of the egg-. 
 shell. 
 OLD AGE, Senectus. 
 OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
 OLD WIFE'S. SHIRT, Liriodendron. ' 
 OLEA AmMA'LIA,Animal oil,s, (F.)Hmles 
 amijiale». A name given to iixe'd oils, hold- 
 ing in solution the mucilaginous and gelatipous 
 principles of certain animals, as the Oil' of 
 frogs, ,Oil of' scorpions, Oil of spiders, &c. 
 Somctiitnesi also, the term animal oils is given 
 to /empyreumatic oils, produced during the de- 
 composition of animal substances by, heat. 
 Olea Destillata, 0, volatilia. 
 Olisa Emptreumat'ica, Empyretmiat'ic oils, 
 (F.) Huiles empyreumatiqtces. Oils which have 
 an empyreumatic or burnt sniell. They are 
 obtaiaed by; treating, vegetable or animal mat- 
 ter by heat, in close vessels. They do' not 
 exist in organized bodies, but are formed dui;ing 
 their decomposition by fire. The animal oilof 
 Dippel is an empyreumatic oil. , ' » 
 
 Olea Eueop/E'a, Oli'va, Olea sati'va. The 
 Olive tree, tXai'a^ Else'a, {7.)'0livier, (Fruit) 
 Olive. Nat. Ord'. Jasmineas. Sex. Syst. Dian- 
 dria Monogynia. The fruit of the olive tree, 
 when pickled, is ' extremely grateful to some, 
 stomachs., Olives, as met with in the." shops, 
 are prepared from the green, unripe fruit, re- 
 peate^dly steeped in water. To this, some quick- 
 lime oralkaline salt is added, and afterwards, 
 they are washed and preserved in a pickle of 
 common salt and Water. From this fruit is 
 prepared the Olive oil or Salad oil of the Phar- 
 macopoeias, vvhich is obtained by grinding and 
 pressing the olives, wheh thoroughly ripe. 
 The finer aftd purer oil issues first by gefltle 
 pressure, and the inferior sort on heating What 
 is left and pressing it more, strongly. See 
 Oleum Olivse. In Calabria, an odorous resin 
 exudes from its trunk, which is employed as a 
 perfume by the Neapolitans. 
 
 A gum flows from certain wild olives, in 
 warm <:ountries, which consists,^ according to 
 Pelletier, of a resinj a little benzoic acid', and a 
 peculiar substance, called Olivile. It is in yel- 
 low masses, of a slightly acrid taste, and of a 
 vanilla smell. It is called Olex gummi, O. 
 resi'na, aW O, bals' amum, (F.) Gomme olivier, 
 and is esteemed astringent and detersive. 
 
 Olea Fixa vel Pin'suia, Express'ed oils, 
 Fixed oils. Fatty oils, (F.) Huiles fixes ou 
 grasses. All the oils obtained from the seeds 
 or pericarps of vegetables, without distillation, 
 and which are viscid, but slightly odorous and 
 sapid; lighter than water, and insoluble in al- 
 cohol. The rancidity of oils depends on the 
 absprption of oxygen, and, therefore, they 
 
 should be Itept in bulk as much as possible ; 
 and in,narrow-rieckeiJ bottles, so that a very 
 small surface only can be exposed to the air. 
 All the fixed oils are emollient, and, in a cer- 
 tain dose, they act as purgatives and. emetics. 
 They are prepared by expressing the fruit or 
 seed containing them. 
 
 Olea Fuqa'cia, Fuga'cious oils, (F.) Huiles 
 fugaees. A name given to oils which are so 
 volatile that, in order to obtain them, recourse 
 must be had to a different proce(ss frofn that 
 employed' for other essential' oils. Such' are 
 the oils of jessaniine, lily, violet, &c. 
 
 Olea Medicina'lia, Medic"inal oils,(¥.) 
 Huiles Medici?mles. A hame given to oils, 
 prepared by macerating, infusing, or boiling 
 medicinal substances in olive or any other fixed 
 oils. These oils may then be regarded as oily 
 solutions of certain medicinal substances ; 
 whence they can never be simple. They have, 
 however, been divided into simple and com- 
 pound medicinal oils. To the former belong 
 the Oils Of St. John's wort, of the Soldnmn ni- 
 grum, &c.; to the -other — which have often 
 been called Oily balsams, (F.) Baumes huileux, 
 • — the Balsamis of Fioraventi, Metz,&cc. Me- 
 dicinal oils are, almost always, employed ex- 
 ternally. 
 
 Olea Yolatil'iaj Olea destilla'tfi, V'ol'atlle 
 oils, jEthero'lea, Ethe'real oils. Essential oils', 
 Distil'led oils, Es'sentes, (F.) Huiles volatiles, 
 H. essentielles . Oils found in aromatic vege- 
 table's, and in every part of them, except in the 
 interior of the seeds. The majority are ob- 
 tained by distillation; but some by expression-.. 
 They possess ' unctuosity, inflammability, and 
 viscidity, like the fixed oilS; but they are ge- 
 nerally odoriferous, pungent, and acrid. The 
 greater part are lighter than vvat^r; but some 
 are heavier, and congeal at a moderate tempe- 
 rature. They dissolve, in snrfall > quantity, , in 
 distilled water, by simple agitation. Almost 
 all are soluble in alcchol. The odour and taste 
 are the usual tests of their goodness. To pre- 
 serve them, they should be kept in a cool place, 
 in small bottles quite full and well corked. 
 "Volatile oils .are possessed'of the aromatic pro- 
 perties 'of the plants whence they are obtained. 
 They are all, when applied externally, stimu- 
 lant and rubefacient. 
 
 OLEAG'TNOUS, Oleagino'svs, Oleo'stis. 
 Oily; containing oil, — as ■> ah 6Uagi?ious or oily 
 mixture.' 
 
 - OLEA'MEN, Oleamen'tnm. Any soft oint- 
 ment prepared of oil Scriboriius. 
 
 OLEANDER,. Rhododendron chrysanthe- 
 mum. 
 
 OLECRANARTHRI'TIS, from c»X5;-5avur, 
 'the olecranon,' aj^^ov, 'joint,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the el- 
 bow joint. 
 
 OLiiCRANOID CAVITY, see Ulna. 
 OLEC'RANON, Olecra'non, Olec'ranvm., 
 Olec'ranon mob'ilB ; from maevij, 'the' elbow,' 
 and xgavov, ' the head.' Acrole'nion, Additamen'- 
 tum neca'twm, Ancon, Froces's2ts anconeus, 
 Glans seu Coro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu 
 Additamen'tum unca'tum Ulna, Vertex Cu'biti 
 Patel'ln fixa. Rostrum extern'um seu poste'rins. 
 Top of the cubit. Head or projection of the 
 elbow. A large process at the upper extremity 
 of the ulna, on which we lean. When this 
 process is fractured, it is apt to be drawn up by 
 
OLECRANARTHROCACE 
 
 598 
 
 OLEUM MALABATHRI 
 
 the triceps; and much care is required, to keep 
 the parts in apposition. 
 
 OLECRANARTHROCACE, from oimvh, 
 'the elbow,' x^xvov, 'the head,' and artkrocace, 
 A name given by Rust to inflammation .of the 
 articular surfaces of thfe elbow. 
 
 OLENE, Ulna. ■ ^ 
 
 OLEO-CERATUM AQUA SUBACTUM, 
 Ceratum Galeni. 
 
 OLEO-SACCHARUM, Elseo-saccharum. 
 
 OLEOSUS, Oleaginous.' 
 
 OLETTE,'MINERAL WATERS OF. At 
 01ette,.in the department Pyretiees Orientales, 
 is a thermal spring, which raises, the thermo- 
 meter to 190° F,ahr. It is the hottest_in Fran<ie. 
 
 OLEUM, Oil — o. Abietisj see Pinus picea^ — 
 o. Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil of) — ;o; 
 Aeusticum, Haile acoustique. 
 
 Oleum .^the'eeum, JEt/ie'real oil (formed 
 in the distillation of ethers) Oleum vini, Oil of 
 wine, (F.) Suile douce de vin. A peculialr olea- 
 ginous matter, obtained by continuing the dis- 
 tillation, after the whole of the sulphuric ether 
 has passed over in the process for the prepfira- 
 tion of the latter. It4s"used only as an ingre- 
 dient in the compound spirit of ether. 
 
 Oleum Ammoniatum, Linimentum ammonia; 
 fortius. 
 
 Oleum Amygdala'kum, Oleum miiyg'dala, 
 Oil of Almonds, (FO Hidh d'amandes. (Ex- 
 pressed from both sweet and bitter ^ almonds, 
 Amygdalus , communis. §xvj of almonds 
 yield _^v of oil.) It is inodorous, insipid, and 
 of a pale straw colour, and is employed as a de- 
 mulcent and emollient. . , 
 
 Oleum Anaoaedii, see Anacai;diura occiden- 
 tale. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le, An'imal oil,. (F.) SiiHe 
 ■ t{i- ■ 
 
 An oil, obtained by t|ie decomposi- 
 tion of the immediate principles of animals, sub- 
 jected to the action of beat, ' It is fetid, and 
 always contains a certain quantity of subcarbo- 
 nate of ammonia, gee Olea Empyreumatica. 
 The name animal oil is sometimes also given 
 to the fat contained in the fatty vesicles. The 
 composition of this fat does not, indeed,, differ 
 from that of the fixed oil. . , 
 
 Oleum Anima'le Dippe'li:, AniUul oil' of 
 Dippel, Oleum cornii cervi, 0. C. C. rectifiia'- 
 tum. Animal oil, Dippel's oil. Oleum pyro-ani- 
 pia'U deptora'tum, O. animale cethe'reum, Py- 
 ro'leum' os'sium rectifica'tum, (¥.) tluile ani- 
 male de Vippel, Huile de asrne de (erf, is ob- 
 tained by distilling animal matters, especially 
 hartshorn, 'on the naked fire. ' The subcarbo- 
 nate of ammonia, which it contains, renders it 
 partly soluble in water, and communicates to 
 it the stimulant properties for whieh it is used 
 in medicine. It is employed as an antispasmo- 
 dic. 
 
 Oleum Anima'le EmpyeeumaT'icum CgA- 
 bee'ti, 0. Empyrevmal'icum Chaber'ti, Empy- 
 reumat'ic oil df Chabert, Oil of Chabert, is 
 made by adding one part of animal oil to three 
 parts of oil of turpentine, leaving them to com- 
 bine for four days, and then distilling three 
 parts. An effective anthelmintic. Dose, a tea- 
 spoonful three times a day. ^ 
 
 Oleum Animaliza'tum pee Inpusio nem, (F.) 
 Buile animalisee par infusion, Suile aroma- 
 tique, H. de petits chiens. A preparation, for- 
 merly esteemed tonic and cephalic. It was ob- 
 tained by boiling new-born puppies in oil, first 
 
 depriving them of their blood, skin, and inl 
 tines. When the decoction was cold, ori 
 nuta, thyme, pennyroyal, St. Johns-wort, i 
 inarjoram were added. 
 
 Ojieum, Anisi, see Pimplnelia antsum- 
 Aurantii, see Citrus aurarttium — o. Balanini 
 Guilandijia moringa. (oleum) — o. Balsami, 
 Amyris opobalsamnm. 
 
 OleusTBenzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin ot Ben 
 min. -An oil obtained by heating, in a si 
 bath, the matter which remains after benz 
 acid has been separated from benzoin by 
 aid of heat., It has been regarded as balsai 
 and sudorific. 
 
 Oleum Beegamii, see Bergamote. 
 
 Oleum Bu'pulum, Neats-fo'ot^ oil. The ' 
 prepared from the bones of Bos Domesticus. 
 is obtained by boiling in water for a long ti 
 the feet of the ox, previously deprived of i 
 hoof. It is introduced into the officinal list 
 the Ph. U. S. as an ingredienfof the ointrai 
 of nitrate of mercury. 
 
 Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of cacao 
 0. Cajjiputi, Caieput (oil) — o. Camphdratu 
 Linimentum camphoras^o. Cari seu Carui, C 
 rum (oleum) — o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia ( 
 ryophyllata. ' 
 
 OiEUM Ced''RV!>vtsi, Essentia de cedro,(\ 
 Huile de cedrat. The oil of the peel of citroi 
 obtained in Italy in a particular manner, wii 
 out distillation, 
 
 OtEUM Chaeer-ti, 0. animale empyreuma 
 cum Chaberti — o. Chenopodii, see Chenopo 
 um anthelminticum — o. Cicinum, see Ricir 
 communis — o. Cinnamomi, see Laurus oini 
 momum — o. Cornii cejvi, O. animale Dippe 
 — 0. Cubeb», see Piper cubebse — o. Euphorb 
 lathyridis, see Euphorbia lathyris^-o. Fixi 
 nucum cocos butyraceae, see Cocos butyrac 
 ^ — 0. Foeniculi, see Anethum — o. 6abiannm, I 
 trolasum-r- p. Gallinae, Alkale — o. Gaultheri 
 see Gauliheria— 0. Hedeom*, see Hede^ma j 
 legioides — o. Hyperici, see Hypericum perfbi 
 tum — 0. Infernale, 0. Ricini. 
 
 Oleum Jec.'oeis Aselli, O. Mor'rhua, 
 Jecino'ris Aselli, Cbdliver Oil', (F.) Huile 
 morne. The animal oil. Which appears tine 
 this name in commerce, is obtained from sev 
 ral of the species belonging to the genus Gadi 
 The clearest sorts are generally used. It a 
 pears to have no sensible effects upon the ec 
 noray ; but has been given in strumous affe 
 tions, rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseasf 
 and tumours of the mammse. The dose for i 
 adult is from f. gij to f, .^iss. 
 
 Oleum Junipeei, see Juniperis communis 
 o. de Kerva, see Ricinus communis — cr. KerT 
 num, see Ricinus communis. 
 
 Oleum Lauei'num, Oleum lauri. Oil of bay 
 An oil obtained from b^yberries, and sometim 
 used in sprains and bruises, unattended with i 
 flammation. 
 
 Oleum Laueinum, Daphnelson, UngUentu 
 L. — 0. Lavendulas, see Lavendula — o. Lentis( 
 num, Schinelaeon — o. Limonis, see Citrus m 
 dica — o. Lini, see Linum jisitatissinium — 
 Lini cum cake, Linimentum aquae calcis. 
 
 Oleum Lu'cii Pisois, Oil of Pike. From t 
 liver of the Esox ludus an oil is spontaneous 
 separated, which is used in some countries 
 destroy specks on the cornea. 
 
 Oleum Malabathei, see Malabathrum— 
 Marias, see Fagara octandra — o. Melaleuca le 
 
OLFACTION 
 
 599 
 
 OLIGOSPERMIA 
 
 codendri, Caieput (oil)— o. Menthae piperita,' 
 see Mentha piperita, — o. Menthae vlTidis, Men- 
 tha viridis — o. Monardse-, Monarda punctata — 
 6. MorrhusB, 0, jecbris aselU. 
 
 OtEUM E Mucjl'agin'ibus, Oil of Mu'dlage^. . 
 {Rad^. aUhsese rec. Bss. sera, lini, sem. fanu- 
 grcBci, aa §iij, aqua Oij. Boil for half an hour;, 
 add ol: oUv. Oiv; continue the boiling till the 
 water is nearly consumed, and pout off the oil.) 
 Emollient. 
 
 . Oleum MtristicsIj see Myiristica moschata 
 — 0, Nerbli, see Citrus aurantium. 
 
 Oleum Oli'v^e, O. oliva'Tum, Olive oil, Sa- 
 lad oil. An inodorous, insipid, and transparent 
 oil; obtained by expression from the olive, 
 ■Vfhen ripe. It is demulcent and emollient, — 
 possessing the qualities of the fixed oils in ge- 
 neral . V 
 
 An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives 
 in water, and skimming, the oil from the 
 surface, is also used in Pharmacy. See'Olea 
 Europasa. 
 
 Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes— o.Origafli, 
 see Origanum — o. Oxydi cupri viride. Balsam, 
 green, of Metz— o. Palmee, see Cocos butyracea 
 — 0. Palmes liquidum, see Ricinus communis — 
 0. Petrae, Petrojasum — o. Petrae album, Naphtha 
 — 0. Picinum, Brutia, Pisselaeum-rO. Pimentse 
 see Myrtus pimentar— o. Pini purissimum, O. te- 
 rebiathinae rectificatum — o. Pulegii, see Men- 
 tha pulegium — o. Pyro-animale, O. animale 
 Dippelii — o. Rieini,'see Ricinus communis^o 
 Eosae, see Rosa tentifoliaT-o. Rosarum, Rhode- 
 laeon — o. RutaceUni, Pegaiielaeon — ^o. Rosmarini, 
 see Rosmarinus — o, Rutas, see Ruta — o. Sabinee, 
 see Juniperus Sabina — o. Sassafras, see Laurus 
 Sassafras — o-. Sesairii, see Sesamum orientale — 
 o. Sinapis, see Sinapis — o. Spicas vulgaris, O. 
 terebinthinae — 6. Succini, see Succinum — 6. 
 Succini rectificatum, see. Succinum, 
 
 Oleum , Sulphuea'tiim, Bal'samiim sulpk'- 
 uris simplex, Sulph'urated oil. {Sulphur, lot. 
 gij, olivm olei ffij. Heat the oil in a large iron 
 pot, and throw in the sulphur by degrees; stir- 
 ring the mixture after each addition till they 
 unite.) It is stimulating, and was formerly 
 much used in coughs, asthmar, &c., and, exter- 
 nally, to foul ulcers. 
 
 Oleum Taetaei per Deliquium, Liquor po- 
 tassae subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinus 
 mughos. 
 
 Oleum TEEEBI^I'TH1N^, Oil of turpentine. 
 The volatile oil of thfe juice of Piniis palustris, 
 and other species of Pinus. 
 
 Oleum Teeebin'thin/e Reotifioa'tum, Ole-, 
 um pini puris'simum. Rectified -oil of turpen- 
 tine. Oleum terebin'tkind athe'reum, Sp.' of tur- 
 pentine. ■ CoTrimon oil of turpentine is also called 
 Common^ oil of Spike, X)leum, spicee vvXga're. 
 {Olei terebinth. Ojj aqua Oiv. Distil over the 
 oil.) It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, 
 and rubefacient. Dose, ^ss to .^j. 
 
 Guestonian embrocation for Rheumatism con- 
 sists otol. terebinth, ol. oliv. aa §iss, acid, sulph. 
 dil. giij. 
 
 Oleum THEOEROMffi Cacao Expeessum, But- 
 ter of cacao — o. Tiglii, Croton tiglium — o. Vi- 
 ni, O. aethereum — o. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid. 
 
 OLFACTION, Olfac'ttis, from olfacere, for 
 odefacere, {odor, and facere,) Osphre'sis, Os- 
 phra'sia, Osphre'sia, Osme'sis, Odora'tio, Odo- 
 ra'tus, Senszis osmomet'rieus. Sense of smell. 
 Smelling, (F.) Odorat. The sense by which 
 
 we perceive the impressions made on the olfac- 
 tory nerves by the odorous particles suspended 
 in the atmosphere. The olfactory nerve, or 1st 
 pair, has usually been considered the great nerve 
 of smell; and it is probably the nerve of special 
 Sensibility, geiieral sensibility being comrnuni- 
 cated by the branches of the 5th pair, distri- 
 buted on the pituitary liiembrane of the nose 
 and sinuses. * 
 
 OLFACTORY, Olfacti'vus, Olfaeto'Hus, Os- 
 phran'tidus, Osphrahte'rius, Osphte'ticus, from 
 olfacttis, ' the smell.' That which belongs or 
 relates to the sense of smell. 
 
 Olfac'toey Fokam'ina, (F.) Trous.olfactifs, 
 are the holes in the cribriform plate of the eth- 
 moid bone, through which the olfactory nerve 
 
 Olfac'toey Neeves, Etkm.oid'al nerves, Par 
 priimtm JSfervo'ruvi eer'ebri, Nervi odorato'- 
 rii, Proces'stls mamilla'res seu Papilla'rum, 
 Processus mamillares eer'ebri ad vares, P. pa- 
 pilla'res, Carun'culce mamilla'res, — the first 
 pair of encephal'ic 7ierves. This.nerve, which 
 probably .arises from the medulla oblongata, is 
 observed to leave the brain, opposite' the inner 
 part of the fissure of Sylvius, by three roots ; 
 which, by their union, form a triangular knot 
 . OB expansion. When it reaches the ethmoid 
 fossa it expands and forms a triangular ganglion, 
 or grayish, soft bulb, which furnishes, from its 
 inferior surface, the branches that have to be 
 distributed, to. the nasal fossae. These filaments 
 are very numerous ; they pass through the' fo- 
 ramina in the cribriform plate and enter the na- 
 sal fossae. ' They are distinguished into the in- 
 ternal, external, and "middle. ^ The former are 
 distributed over the mucous membrane, cover- 
 ing the outer paries of the nasal fossEE; the 
 second descend upon the septum, and the third 
 are lost, almost immediately, on the pprtion of 
 the pituitary membrane that lines thp vault of 
 the fossae. 
 
 OLFACTUS, Olfaction— 0. AcutUs,' Hype- 
 rosphresia — o. Amissio, Anosmia — o.Deficiens, 
 Anosmia — o. Depravatus, Parosmia. 
 
 OJjIBANUM, see Juniperus lycia — o. Vul- 
 gare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 OLIGjEMIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Hypae- 
 miai ^ 
 
 OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis. 
 OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from ohyoe, 'few,' and 
 ^iivva, ' mucus.' A deficiency of mucus. 
 
 OLIGOCHOL'IA, from uhyns, 'few,' and 
 ;('0\>), ' bile.' Paucity of bile. 
 . OLIGOCH'YLUS, from ohyoc, ' little,' and 
 xvxof, 'juice,' 'chyle.' An epithet for food 
 which -is but little nutritive; which furnishes 
 little chyle. 
 
 OLIGOCOP'RIA, from ohyoc, 'few,' and 
 xoTjuj, ' excrement.' Scantiness of alvine eva- 
 cuations. 
 
 OLIGODAC'RYA, from diyot, < little',' and 
 Sity.pv, ' a tear.' Paucity of lachrymal secretion . 
 OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia. 
 OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis. 
 OLIGOH.^MIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Hy- 
 paemia. 
 
 OLIGOPO'SIA, from oliyoc, 'little,' and 
 B-ooic, ' drink.' Diminution in the quantity of 
 drinks. 
 
 OLIGOSIALIA, from o^tyof, 'little,' and 
 oioiov, ' saliva.' Paucity of saliva. 
 OLIGOSPER'MIAjfrom o^/j-oc, ' little,' and 
 
OLIGOSPONDYLUS 
 
 600 
 
 OMPHALOMANTIA 
 
 n-nfffnt, ■'sperm.' Paucity of spermatic se- 
 cretion. • ' ' 
 
 OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from a/j-os, ' fe*,' 
 ' small/ and a-Trovdvios, 'a vertebra,' A mori- 
 ster with defective vertebrae. — Gurlt.. 
 
 OLIGOTRICH'IA, -from oXtyoc, 'little,' and 
 •^ff?, ' hair.' Want of hair. Paucity of hiir. 
 
 OLIGOTROPH'IAji'ffir'CTO)- niitrifio; from 
 '\iyo;, 'little," and Tgsifw, 'I nourish.' Defi- 
 cient nourishment. 
 
 QLIGURE'SIA, ' Oligure'sis, OHgotire'sisf 
 Oligoure' sia ;. from oKiyos, 'little,' and oufsw, 
 ' I pass urine.' Morbidly diminished urinary 
 secretion. 
 
 OLISTHEMA, Luxation., 
 
 OLIVA, Olea Europsea. 
 
 OLIVAIRE CAUTME, of the'French sur- 
 geons, is a cautery whose extremity, is termi- 
 nated hy a button having the shape of an olive. 
 
 OLIVARIS,, Olive-shaped. 
 
 OLIVARY, Olive-shaped— 0. Bodies, Cor- 
 pora olivaria. 
 
 Oii'iVARY Pe,oc"ess, Prpces'sus OUva'ris, is 
 a small ridge, running transversely between, 
 and a little behind, the roots of the anterior 
 clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, and hy 
 some considered as the 4th clinoid process. 
 
 OLIVE, see Olea EurojSaea^o. Tree,- Olea 
 Europaea.' 
 
 OLIVE-SHAPED, OUva'ris,, Olivifor'mis, 
 Ol'ivary,{rom,oli(va, 'anblive.', Resemhling 
 an olive, see Corpora olivaria-. 
 
 OLIVES, PICKLED, Cplymbades. 
 
 flLIVIES., Olea Europaa. . 
 
 OLIVIFORMIS,' Olive-shaped. ' 
 
 OLLA CAPITIS, Cranium. , 
 
 olmitello, mineral waters of. 
 
 A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Tem- 
 perature,' 100° Fahrenheit. 
 
 OLOPHLYCTIDE, Herpes. 
 
 OLOPHO'NIA,'from iKxn,, oUva, '1 lose,' 
 andqiai-if, ' voice.' Congenital misconstruction 
 of the vocal organs. — Good, 
 
 Olophonia Laeii Lobata, Harelip^-o. Lin- 
 guae freenata, see Ankyloglossum. 
 
 OM'AGRA, Hom'agra, fronj 111^05, .'the 
 shoulder,' and a-y^a, 'a seizure.' Gout in the 
 shoulder. 
 
 OMAL'GIA, from ai^o?, 
 a7.yoc, pain.' Pain in the shoulder. 
 
 OMARTHRrTIS,frpm tu^ot, ' the shoulder,' 
 af6fov,' a joint,' and ids, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of j:he shoulder joint. 
 , OMARTHROC'ACE, from atio;, ' shoulder,' 
 -apipoTi, ,' a joint,' and xaxoc, 'bad.' Arthrocace 
 of the' shoulder joint. Caries or suppuration of 
 the shoulder joint. ^ 
 
 OMA'SUM, Omasas, Manyplies. The third 
 stomach of ruminant animals. 
 
 OMBILIC, Umbilicus, 
 
 OMBILICALE, Uinbilical, 
 
 OMBRAGE, Nebula. * . 
 
 OMEN tA„ Meninges . 
 
 OMENTESIS, Epiploitia. 
 
 OMENTITIS, Epiploitis. 
 
 OMENTULA, Appendiculae pinguedmosae. 
 
 OMENTUM, Epiploon— 0. Colicum, Epi- 
 ploon, colic— o. Gastro-colicum, Epiploon, gas- 
 tro-colic— Oi Gastro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro- 
 splenic — 0. Great, Epiploon, gastro-colic — 0. 
 Hepato-gastricum, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic— 0. 
 Lesser, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — 0. Majus, 
 Epiploon, gastro-colic — 0. Minus, Epiploon, gas- 
 
 ' the shoulder,' and 
 
 tro-hepatic- 0., Ossium, Periosteum— 0. Thi: 
 Epiploon, colic. 
 OMICHESIS, Micturition. 
 OMICHMA, Urine.. - . 
 , OMI'TIS, from wfi^, 'the shoulder,' and it. 
 denoting inflamrnation. , Inflammation in 
 about-the shoulder jointi 
 OMMA, Eye, Vision. 
 OMNIPHA©US, (imnivdrpus. 
 OMNIVORE, Omqivorous. - 
 
 OMNIVOROUS;. Ohmivorus, Omnipli'agi, 
 Pantoph'agus, (F.) Omnivonj from omnis, 'al 
 and voro,-' I eat.' An epithet for animals whii 
 eat every kind of food, — animal or vegetable, 
 
 OMO. In composition, an abridgment 
 omos OT omusi the humerus, 
 
 OMO-CLAVICigLAR, see Coraco-clavic 
 lar. 
 
 OMOCOTYLE, see Glene. 
 OMO-HYOiDEUS, Cor.'aco-hyoi'deus, Sc, 
 pulo-hyaidien, OmciJiyo'idiek, Omoplat-hyo'idie 
 Hyo'idis Quartus Mus'cuius. This muscle^: 
 situate obliquely at the sides and front of tl 
 neck. It is slender, long, and flat. It arisf 
 from the superior costaof the scapula, near tl 
 semi- lunar notch,, and from the ligament thi 
 runs across it, and is inserted atthe.sides of tl 
 inferior margin of the body of the os hybidei 
 It consists of two fasciculi, united by a coinmo 
 tendon, ,and is a ' true digastric muscle. It d( 
 presses the osTiyoides, carrying it a- little bad 
 wardsj.and to one side, except when it acts -wit 
 its _ fellow, when the bone is depressed, an 
 drawn obliquely backwards. 
 . OMOJPHAG'TA, Ojnpsit'ia, from a/ioi:, 'raw 
 and 9!t)'(u,j 'I eat.' Fondness for law fooc 
 Eating of raw food. 
 
 - OJtfQPi^TJSjSpapula— o. Col de I', Collui 
 scapulae. - ' 
 
 OMOPZAT-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hydideus. 
 OMOS, Crude, Humerus. 
 - OMOSITIA, Omophagia. , ■ , 
 • OMOTAR'ICHOS, from »;«oc, ; the shoulder, 
 and r^iQix^ ?, * pickled.' Balsomiv^twm cruc^u^m 
 Salted Tunny Fish, in particular. Prbperl) 
 the Jieck or shoulder piece' of a salted animal 
 Once much recommended against the bitpac 
 vipers, and jn hydrophobia. 
 OMOTES, Crudity. 
 OMOTOCIA, Abortion. 
 OMOT'RIBES, Omphac"intim O'ieum, frojn 
 anas, 'crude,' and tqi^u, 'I bruise.' Oil ex 
 pre^ssed from unripe olives. 
 
 OMPHA'CION, oft'f'ni.xi'iv, from ofj.ifaxos 
 ' an unripe grape ; — Sicccus uvse acer'bcs, Om 
 ■pha'dum. The juice of unripe grapes. Also 
 Verjuice, 
 
 OMPHACI'TES-(VINUM0, A name givei 
 to wine prepared from'the unripe grape. Om 
 phaci'tii is also the name of a small gall.— 
 Uioscorides. 
 OMPHACIUM, Verjuice. 
 OMPHACOM'ELI, from o/iipano!, 'an un 
 ripe grape,' and uiXi, ' honey.' A sort of oxy 
 mel, made of the juice of unripe grapes am 
 honey, 
 
 OMPHALELCO'SIS, from ofKn^Xa, 'th( 
 navel,' and 'ilxo!, ' an ulcer.' Ulceratioil of thi 
 navel, 
 OMPHALEXOCHE, Exomphalus, 
 OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine, 
 OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos, 
 OMPHALOMANTI'A, from o,u!ptoo;, 'th( 
 
OMPHALO-MESENTERIC 
 
 601 
 
 ONYCHEXALLAXIS 
 
 navel,' and fi^niia, ' prophecy.' A species of 
 divination, practised by credulous matrons, who 
 pretend to be able to know the number of chil- 
 dren a female will have, by the nurl[iber of knots 
 in the navel string of the child. 
 
 OM'PHALO-MESENTEB'IC, Omphalo-me- 
 senter'icus, Om'phalo-mesara'icus ; from o^Kfai";, 
 ' the' navel,' and mesenterium, ' the mesentery,' 
 
 Omphalo-Mesehterio Vessels, ViteVlo-me' 
 senter'ic, Yit'elUne vessels. Haller gave this 
 name to two very fine vessels, which spread 
 their ramifications on the parietes of the ' um- 
 bilical vesicle. , There is an omphalo-mesente- 
 He artery and vein. The omphajo-mesenteric 
 artery is a branch of the superior Aesenteric;' — 
 tV vein empties itself into the .trunk, or into one 
 of the branches of the superior mesenteric. Vel- 
 peau affirms, that they inosculate with a branch 
 of the second or third order of those great ves- 
 sels, with those in particular thiat are distri- 
 buted to the cascum, and he regards them to ie 
 the vessels of nutrition of the um"bilic.al vesicle. 
 They are occasionally met with in the foetus, 
 at the full period, under the -form of whitish 
 filaments, which extend from the mesenteric 
 vessels to the umbilicus. 
 OMPH ALO-MESERAIC, . Omphalo-mesen- 
 
 OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophyma. 
 
 OMPHALONEURORRHEXIS, Omphalor- 
 rhexis. 
 
 OMPHALOPHY'MA, Omphalon'cus, from 
 ojK^st;i»f, 'the navel,' and <po^a, ' tumour.' A 
 tumeiaction of the navel. 
 
 OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus. 
 
 OMPHA'LORRHAG"IA, Omphalor'rhage, 
 from 0|M9oM)f , 'the umbilicus,^ and gijj'rwicu, ' I 
 break -put.' Hemorrhage from the' umbilicus, 
 in the new-born in particular. 
 
 OMPHALORRHEX'IS ; from o^faJios, ' na- 
 vel,' and |i)Si;, 'rupture.' Omphalonetirorrhex'is. 
 Rupture of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALOS) Umbilicus. 
 
 OMPHALOSITE, from o/£$a\of, '.the navel,' 
 and 0-IT05, ' nourishtnent.' A monster which 
 possesses an imperfect kind of life, that ceases 
 when the umbilical cord is divided. 
 
 OMPHALOT'OMY, Qmphalotom'ia, from 
 ouqjatisc,- 'the umbilicus,' and zefiw, 'I cut.' 
 The division of the navel string. 
 
 OMPHALUS, Umbilicus. 
 
 OMUS, Crude, Humerus. 
 
 ON ANIA,. Masturbation. 
 
 ONANISM, Masturbation. _ 
 
 ONCOS, Tumour. 
 
 ONOO'SES, from oyus, 'a tumour.' Tu- 
 mours, as diseases. 
 
 ONCOSIS, Intumescence. 
 
 ONCOT'OMY, Oncotom'ia, from oyxo?, 'a 
 tumour,' and tout;, ' incision.' The opening of 
 a tumour or abscess with a cutting instrument. 
 
 ONCTION, Inunction, 
 
 ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour. 
 
 ONDULATION, Fluctuation. 
 
 ONEBERRY, Paris. 
 
 ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroc'rites, from 
 . tJHjoc, 'a dream,' and xgio-it, 'judgment.' One 
 who judges according to dreams. 
 
 ONEIRODYNIA, from ovuqos, 'a dream,' 
 and oi5uvt;, 'pain.' Painful dreams. Incubus 
 and Somnamiulism are oneirodyniae. 
 
 Oneieodynia Aotiva, Paroniria, Somnambu- 
 lism — 0. Gravans, .Incubus. 
 39 
 
 ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVSM<^v!ot3.^. 
 ONEIROG'MUS, Oneirog'yni, Oneiropol'- 
 esis, from ovnjos, 'a dream.' A lascivious 
 dream j pollution; nocturnal pollution. 
 
 ONEIROGONORRHCEA, Pollution, noctur- 
 nal. 
 ONEIROGONOS, Pollution. ' 
 ONEIROL'OGY, Oneirolog'Ha, from orsiQOS} 
 'a dream,' and Myog, 'a description.' The doc- 
 trine of dreams. 
 
 ONEIROMANTI'A, from ovsigot, ' a dream,' 
 and ftmi-iia, ' divination.' The art of divining 
 by dreams; or of interpreting dreams. 
 
 ONEIRON'OSUS; from ovuQog, 'a dream,' 
 and vooiop, ' a disease.-' Somnia'tio morbo'sa' 
 Morbid, uneasy ^reaming. 
 
 ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmiis. 
 
 ONERA- ALYI, Excrement. 
 
 ONGLAOE, Paronychia. 
 
 ONGLE, Nail. 
 
 ONGLAE (F.), Bigito'rum stupor a gelu. 
 Painful numbness at the extremities of the fin- 
 gers, caused by cold. . 
 
 OiYffiErrPterygion. 
 
 ONGUENT, Unguentum— 0. d'Althia, Un- 
 guentum de Althasa — o. deBldna de baleine, Un- 
 guentum cetacei — o. Blanc de Rhazes, Unguen- 
 tum plumbisubcarbonatis — 0. de Cerusse,.Vn- 
 guentumplumbi subcarbonatis — o. Citrin contra 
 la gale, UnguentTim hydrargyri nitras — o. 
 Digestif simple,. Unguentum digestivum " sim- 
 plex — 0. Gris, Unguefltum oxidi hydrargyri 
 cinereum — o.'de GMiraaw?;*/ Unguentum de al- 
 \hsSik—.o . d.e Laurier, Unguentum lauriijum — o. 
 Mercuriel, Unguentum hydrargyri — o. Ifapoli- 
 tain, Unguentum %drargyri — o. de Nitrate de 
 mercure, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — o. de 
 Poix ei de mre, Basilicon — o . de Soldat, Martia- 
 tum unguentum-^ ()..<;« Bureau, Unguentum 
 sambuci^-o. de TorriamirayVngaentum plumbi 
 subcarbpnatis. 
 
 ONION, COMMON, Allium cepa — o. Sea, 
 Scilla.. 
 
 ONIS'CUS^ Asel'lus, Czt'tio, Porcel'lio, For- 
 cel'lus, For'culus, Diminutive Of ovog, 'a small 
 ass.' A genus 'of insects very common in cel- 
 lars and dark and moist places. 
 
 Onisci Aselli, Millep'edes, Aselli, Millep'- 
 edse, Fabse, Wood-lice, Slaters,;FCoff-lice, (F.) 
 -Qloportes ordinq,Wes, had, at one time, a place 
 in the pharmacopoeias. They were considered 
 stimulant and diuretic, and useful in jaundice. 
 
 ONITIS, Origanum dictai&nus. 
 
 ONOLOSAT, Obolus. 
 
 0N0M:AT0C;.ESIS, Nomenclature. 
 
 ONOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature. 
 
 ,0N0NIS ANTIQUORUM, O. spinosa. 
 
 Gno'wis Arven'sis, (F.) Bugrane de^ cMmps, 
 has properties like the next. 
 - Ononis Spino'sa, Ano'nis, Resta bovis, Ar- 
 res'ta bovis, Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononis antiquo'- 
 rum,Rest harrow, (P.) Arrhe-baiuf,Bugrande 
 epineuse, Bugrane. Nat. Ord. Leguminosse. 
 Sea;. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The root of 
 this plant was once used as a diuretic. 
 
 ONOPOR'DIUM ACAN'THIUM, Car'duus 
 tomento'sus,A can'thium, Ac'anos, Cotton Thistle. 
 (F.) Chardon aux Anes. Family, Cinarocepha- 
 lese. Sex. Syst . Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis. 
 The expressed juice has been recommended as 
 a cure for cancer applied externally. 
 
 ONTHUS, Fimus. 
 
 ONYCHEXALLAX'IS; from ow?, 'a nail,' 
 
ONYCHIA 
 
 603 
 
 . OPHIS 
 
 and £|aiJa|/f, ' change.' A morbid conditicai of 
 the nails. 
 ONYCHIA, Paronychia. 
 ONYCHI'TIS; from ow|, 'nail,' and iHs, 
 denoting inflammation. Inflammation of a nail . 
 ONYCHOCLASIS; from orug, 'a nail,' and 
 xJao-zc, ' fracture.' Fracture of a nail. 
 ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
 ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS, Onyehogrpa'sis, 
 Onychogrypto'sis, Onychocrypto'sis, Gripho'Hs, 
 Grypko'sis, OnyMs, from ovv%, 'the Bail,' and 
 grypoais, ' crookedness.' Curvature of the nails ; 
 such as occurs in hectic individuals. Also, 
 growing in of the nails ; Incarna'tio seu Adun- 
 eti'tio seu Arctu'ra un'guium. 
 
 ONYCHON'OSI, Onychonu'si, from on%,'a. 
 nail,' and »oirof, ' a disease.' Disease of the 
 nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPH'THORA, OnychophtWHa^ 
 Onycoph'thora, Onymphtho'ria, from ovi/f , ' the 
 nail,' and cj^oga,. 'degeneration.' A degenerate 
 condition -or destruction of the nails. 
 
 ONYCHOPHY'MA,from „v«|, 'the nall.'and 
 <fu/jia, ' a tumour.' A painful degeneratibn of 
 the nails, which become thick, rough, and 
 crooked. It occurs as a symptom of syphilis 
 and of leprEu 
 
 ONYCHOPTO'SIS, Piptonyc'Ua, Dise'resis 
 XTn'gulaB, from ow^, ' a nail,' and trrarts, ' fall- 
 ing.' The falling ofi" of the nails. 
 ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora. 
 ONYX, Hook, blunt, Nail, Ptejrygion. Also, 
 a collection of purulent matter beiween the la- 
 minae of the cornea, having the shape of a nail. 
 ONIXIS, Onychogryphosis.' ' 
 ONYXITIS, see Paronychia. 
 OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
 OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.) 
 OODES, Aqueous humour. Oval. 
 OOG'ALA, Oog'la, Ogla, JPuls ex Ovis et 
 Laate. Milk of eggs. A preparation of eggs 
 and milk. 
 
 OOGLA, Oogala. 
 
 OOIDES, Aqueous hiimohr. Oval, i 
 OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM,ZonapeUucida. 
 OOhOG"lK,0'Ooldg"ia,-Ovol'ogy, from tuot, 
 ' an ovum or egg,' and Koyn, ' a discourse,' ' a 
 description.' A description of the ovum. 
 -OON, Ovum. 
 
 OONINE, Albumen. f 
 
 OOPHORITIS, Ooritis-. 
 OOPHORON, Ovary. 
 OOlilTlS, Oaritis. 
 
 OPAC'ITY, OpaC'itaS, from opacare, 'to 
 obscure.' Quality of that which is opake. The 
 property possessed by some bodies of not allow- 
 ing the light ^;o traverse them. It is opposed 
 to transparency. Opacity of the cornea consti- 
 tutes albugo oxleucoma; — opacity of the crys- 
 talline causes cataract. 
 
 OPAKE', Opa'cus. An epithet given to 
 bodies, which do not permit the passage of rays 
 of light. The opate cornea is the sclerotica, 
 in contradistiriction to the transparent cornea 
 or true cornea. 
 
 OPALINE. That which resembles the opal. 
 A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and 
 when it presents an appearance more or less like 
 that of the opal. 
 
 OPERATIO, Action, Operation— o. Chirur- 
 gica, see Operation — o. Chymica seu pharma- 
 ceutical Operation, chymical, &c. — o. Simplex, 
 Haplotomia. 
 
 OPERA'TICW,Oy6ra.'tw,from opu»,' -moxk.' 
 The application of instruments to the hunian 
 body with the view of curing disease. The 
 object of an operation, ^pera'tio chirur'gica, is 
 generally to diyide or reunite parts, to extract 
 extraneous or noxious bodies, and to_ replace 
 organs that are wanting, by different instru- 
 ments or artificial means^ The principal op«- 
 ratory methods have been called Synthesis, 
 Dicerests, Ezaresis, and Frotkesis. Fre- 
 quently, the most diflicult subject, connected 
 with an operation, is to decide when it is abso- 
 lutely ' called for or advisable, and when ' im- 
 proper. , 
 
 OpEEATioN, BiLATEEAL, See Lithotomy — a. 
 Cesarienne, Csesarean section. 
 
 Operation, Chym'ioal or' Pharmaceu'ti- 
 OAL, Opera'tio chym'iea seu pharmaceu'tica, is 
 any process whose object is the preparation of 
 medicines; their combinations with each other, 
 analysis, and decomposition; — such are, solu- 
 tion, distillation, sublimation, evaporation, di- 
 gestion, maceration, infusion, decoction, calci- 
 nation, &c. Some of these operations are me- 
 chanical ; others, really chymical. 
 
 Operation, High, see Lithotomy — o. Late- 
 ral, see Lithotomy — 0. Sigaultian, Symphyse- 
 otomy. 
 
 OP'ERATOR. A surgeon who is in the 
 habit of practising the greater operations. One 
 who performs any operation. To be a good 
 operator, the surgeon must be well acquainted 
 with anatomy, and be possessed of strong nerve. 
 See Surgeon. ■ 
 
 OPER'CIJLUM, Operto'rifwij Operimen'tum, 
 ftom operire, ' to cover.' A cover or lid. In 
 fishes, the gill cover. 
 
 Operculum Aspers AETERiiE, Larynx— o. 
 Cutis, Epidermis — o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of— o. 
 Laryngis, Epiglottis — o. Oculi, Palpebra. 
 
 OpEBCtiLUM Papilla'rum. A shield for the 
 nipple. 
 
 OPERIMENTtJM, Operculum— o. Intesti- 
 norum. Epiploon — o. Praetensum abdominis, Pe- 
 ritonseum. 
 OPERTORIUM, Operculum. 
 OPHELIA CHIRATA, Gentiana chirayta. 
 , OPHIASIS, Calvities, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 OPHipGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUMi Echia- 
 oglos'sum,Linguaserpenta''ria,Adder^s Toncrue, 
 (F.) Langue de Serpent. Family, FilicoidetB. 
 Sea;. Syst. Cryptogamia. This 'plant was for- 
 merly considered to be vulnerary. 
 
 OPHIOPH'AGtJS, from o<p(f, 'a serpent,' and 
 ifaym, ' I eat.' An epithet for animals which 
 feed on serpents. Pliny has called, certain 
 African tribes by this name. 
 
 OPHIORRHI'ZA M0NGOS, from ".p.5, ' a 
 serpent,' and jita, 'root.' Family, Gentianeae. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The name of 
 the plant whose root has been called Radix 
 Serpen'tum, Mungos Radix. The bitter root 
 is much esteemed in Java, Sumatra, &c., for 
 preventing the eflpcts that usually follow the 
 bite of the noja, a venomous serpent; with 
 which view it is eaten by the natives. It is, 
 also, a reputed anthelmintic. 
 
 OPHIOX'YLUM, from o?ic, 'a serpent,' and 
 ^vXot, ' wood.' Ophioxylum Serpenti'n-um, Aca- 
 we'ria. Lignum' serpen'tum, has been recom- 
 mended in the bites of serpents, and in inter- 
 mittentB. It is said to be very bitter. 
 OPHIS, Serpent. 
 
OPHITES 
 
 603 
 
 OPHTHALMIC 
 
 OPHL'TESj from o»ts, 'a serpent.' Serpmti'- 
 nus, Serpen'tine fir ISlach £'o'r'phyry. This 
 rock was formerly worn as an amulet, to cure 
 diseases of tlie head. 
 
 OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba. 
 
 OPHRYS, Supercilium. 
 
 OPHTHALMAL'GIA, from o$^«;i^ot, ' the 
 eye,' and »A^ot, 'pain.' Pain in the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMEMPASMA, CoUyrium sic- 
 cum. 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthalmi'tis, 'from,o<|>- 
 9a.\li,iiq, ' the. eye.' Oculo'rum inflamma'tio, 
 Cavrnia ophthalmi'tis, Ophthalmopo'nia, Infiam- 
 ma'tion of the Eye, Pphthalmff (V .) Ophthal- 
 mie, ' Ophthalviite, Infiaimnation . de. Vcdl, Car 
 tarrhe oculaire. Three great varieties of oph- 
 thalmia, independently of the acute and chronic 
 (which conditions occur in all inflammations,) 
 maybe reckoned: — rtne Ophthalmia membraria- 
 rum, O. pundentUj and 0. tarsi. The first is 
 characterized by the general symptoms of oph- 
 thalmia; — pain and redness of the eye or. its ap- 
 pendages: with intolerance-of, light, and unusua,l 
 flow of tears; the inflammation being seated 
 chiefly in the coats of the eyeball. It is the 
 HyTnenophtkal'fnia, Ophthalmia tarax'is, Con- 
 junctivi'tisj InJIamma'iio conjunoH'vts, Sym- 
 phym&tii'tis^ Syndesmi'tis, Catarr'hal ophthal- 
 mia, 'Ophthattno-conjuncti'vitis, O. hu'wida, 
 O. vera, Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival Oph- 
 thaVmia, Tarax'is (Paulus of .lEgina), Chemo'- 
 sts (Aetius,);0. Chemosis,'Lach'ry^mose Oph- 
 thalmia, (F.) Conjonctivit'p, Injlamimation de 
 la conjonctive. In the second, — Ophthalmia 
 puruten'ta, O. pitriforth'is, BlertnopUthalmia, 
 Bleph'aroblennorrhce'a,''OpkthalinoblennoTrhced, 
 Blennorrhea ocfwli — the internal surface of the 
 palpebras associates in the inflammation of the 
 eye-ball ; and ^there is a copious secretion of a 
 purulent fluid. An, epidemic and contagions(?) 
 variety of this is the ^Egyptian Ophthalmia, 
 Ophthalmia epidcTJi'ica, O. purulen'tcbepidem'- 
 ica, O. contagio'sa, O. Catarrha'lis beVlica, 
 Lamophthal^mia, O. iel'lica, O. Asiafica, 
 Blennorrhce' a Opuli - JEgyptiaca, Conjunctivi'- 
 tis pziro-muco^sa contagio'sa vel JEgyptiaca, 
 Bl^pharo'tis glaiidula'ris contagio'sa, Adeni'tis 
 palpehra'rum contagiosa, 0.- pitrulenta conta- 
 gio'sa, Conjunctivi'tis puro-Tnuco'sa contagio'- 
 sa, Sup'purative Ophthalmia, Epidemic conta- 
 gious ophthal'mia — csXleii Egyptian, iiom its 
 prevalence in Egypt during the British Expedi- 
 tion under Sir, Ralph Abercromby. ■ The in- 
 flammation is rapid and destructive ; granu- 
 lations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva, and 
 occasionally there is intolerable pain, often 
 succeeded by delirium. In new-born children, 
 a species of purulent ophthalmia, O,. purulen'- 
 tainfam'tmn, O. Neonata'rum, Blepharophthal- 
 mia nconato'rum, Lippitu'do neonato'ricm, 
 Blennorrh(z'a Oc'uli neonato'rum, (tF.) Oph- 
 thalm/ie purifo^Tne des n-ouveau-nes, in which 
 the palpebrae are florid and peculiarly tumid, is 
 by no means uncommon. It seems to be 
 •caused by acrid discharges from the mother, 
 Applied to the eye of the infant during its exit ; 
 or to the stimulus of the light, when the child 
 first opens its eyes. A severe form of purulent 
 ophthalmia — Hyperconjonctivite (Piorry) — is 
 produced by the application of gonorrhceal mat- 
 ter to the eye. It is the Ophthalmia gonor- 
 rho'ica, Blennorrhis' a oculi gonorrho'ica, Con- 
 junctivi'tis hUnnorrha' gioa, C. gonorrho'ica, 
 
 Gonorrha'al Ophthal'mia, (E.) 
 blennorrhagique, ConjoncHvite blennorrha- 
 giqtie. 
 
 ■ Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the con- 
 dition of the constitution, and hence we have 
 strmnbiis, variolofis, and other inflamreiations 
 of the conjunctiva. 
 
 The third variety; — the Ophthal^iia Tarsi, 
 O. glutino'sa, Blephdrbphthal'mia, Blepharotis, 
 Blepkaroti'tis, Blephari'tis, Blep/iaradeni'tis, 
 Psorophthal'mia, Opuli pi^pebra'rum scabies 
 prurigirto' sa,Ade7iophthalmia^^is seated chiefly 
 in the tarsus; the sebaceous crypts secreting a 
 viscid and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates 
 ats edges, and irritates tW eye. 
 
 Op/ithalmia Memhranarum, (vyhen slight, re- 
 quires little treatment': the antiphlogistic regi- 
 men — and, particularly, ayoidii^g exposure to 
 light, — being all that is necessary^ When more 
 severe, along with this,, general and local Mijbd- 
 letting, eSpecially'by leeches "to the side of the 
 septum narium, must be employed so as to 
 make a decided impression on the system; 
 with nauseating doses of antimony, purgatives, 
 blisters (at some distanae frdm the organ), re- 
 frigerants; and b.stringents, cold or warm, ac- 
 cording to circumstances, to the eye. In PurU' 
 lent Ophthaljny, these measures must be still 
 more actively employed, otherwise disorganiza- 
 tion will speedily follow : — the granulations, 
 vitiich form on the adnata of ^he eyelids, may 
 be removed with the scissors, and the soje be 
 touched with a solution of alum. Ophthalmia 
 Tarsi must be treated on general principles 
 when severe. It usually,' however, requires 
 merely the antiphlogistic r?gimen, with the oc- 
 casional use, especially at night, of a slightly 
 stimulating oiptment ; such as the- unguentum 
 hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably reduced 
 with lard. The^ ointment prevents the eyelids 
 from being glued together during the night, and 
 thjiis obviates the irritation causfed by attempts 
 at separating them. 
 
 Ophthalmia, .ffieypTiAM, see Ophthaliiiia — 
 o. Asiatica, see Ophtlialmia — ;0. Bellica, see 
 Ophthalmia — p.Biliosa, OphthalmocholoSis— o.- 
 Catarrhal, see Ophthalinia — Of^Catarrhalis bel- 
 lica, see Ophthalmia — 6. Chronica, Lippitudo — 
 b. Conjunctival,seerOphthalmia-^o. Contagiosa, 
 see Ophthalmia — o. E^pidemica, see C^hthalmia 
 — 0. Glutinosa, see Ophthalinia — o. Gonorrhoica, 
 see Ophthalmia — o. Goilorrhce'al, see Ophthal- 
 mia — o. Humida, see Ophthalmia — o. Lachry- 
 mose, see Ophthalmia-^o. Memhranarum, see 
 Ophthalmia^^o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia 
 ■ — 0. Phlyctenular, 0. strumous — o. Puriformis, 
 see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia 
 -^0. Purulenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. 
 Purulenta epidemica, see Ophthalmia— o. Puru- 
 lenta infantum, see Ophthalmia — o, Rheumatic, 
 Sclerotitis — o. Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o. Sup- 
 purative, see Ophthalmia — o. Taraxis, see Oph- 
 thalmia — 0. Tarsi, see Ophthalmia— o.TJlcerosa, 
 Helcophthalmia — o. Varicose, Cirsophtjhalmia 
 — 0. Vera, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist. 
 
 OVUTHKl.'MlA.'Tm'hiOphthalmiatrotech'- 
 nica, Ophthalmotherapi'a ; from oqiSaXftOg, ' the 
 eye,' and iotjo?, ' a physician.' The art of the 
 oculist. Treatment of diseases of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMIATROTECHNICA, Ophthal- 
 miatria. 
 
 OPHTHAL'MIC, Ophthal'micus, fxom of9a.X- 
 
OPHTHALMICA 
 
 604 
 
 OPHTHALMOSTATUM 
 
 liog, 'the eye.' That which relates'or helongs 
 to the eye. 
 
 Ophthalmic Jetert, A. orlitaire, (Ch.) 
 arises from the internal carotid, and issues from 
 the cranium hy the foramen opticum. At first, 
 it is'situate at the outer and lower side of the 
 optic nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and 
 passes towards the inner angle of the orbit. It 
 furnishes, inits course, .the lacJ^rymat, eentr-alis 
 retinse^infra-orbitar^yciliaries, anterior ciliaries, 
 inferior and superior piusculars^ anterior and 
 ^posterior ethmoidals^ and superior and inferior 
 palpebrals.. After having given off these, it di- , 
 vides into two branches — ^e frontal and nasal, 
 which furnish a number of ramifications, — some 
 superficial, others deep-seated. 
 
 Ophthal'mic Gans'mon, Lentic'ular G.,Cil'~ 
 iary ganglion, G. orhitaire, (Ch.) is one of the 
 smallest ganglions of the body. It is situate 
 at the outer side of the optic nerve near the 
 bottom of the orbit; is irregularly quadrilateral 
 and flat: its tolour being of a reddish gray. 
 Behind, it communicates by its posterior angles 
 — :by means of nervous filaments — with the 
 nasal nerve of the ophthalmic and the motor 
 oeuli. Each of its anterior angles furnishes a 
 fasciculus of small nerves. These are the 
 ciliary aerves. 
 
 Ophthaivmic Neeve, Ophthalmic Nerve of 
 Willis, Or'bito frontal, (Ch.) is the smallest and 
 first of the three branches given off by the *th 
 pair. It proceeds along the external paries of 
 the cavernous sinus, and enters the orbit by 
 the sphenoidal fissure. It divides into three 
 branches : one, external — the lachrymal nerve ; 
 another, superior — frontal nerve, and the last, 
 internal — the nasal nerve. See Lachrymal, 
 Frontal, Nasal. 
 
 Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'mi- 
 cum seu Op'ticum, (F.) Topique op/ithalmigtie, 
 ■is a medicine employed in ophthalmia. 
 
 Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus. 
 
 Ophthalmic Vein has the same - arrange- 
 ment as the artery, whicbit acconipanies in all 
 its divisions! It 'issue? from the orbit at the 
 inner part ;of -the sjphenoidal fissure, and dis- 
 charges its blood into the cavernous sinus. 
 
 The name Facial Ophthalmic has heen given 
 to the branch by which the facial vein commu- 
 nicates with the ophthalmic. 
 
 OPHTHALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
 
 OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI, Motofes ocu- 
 lorum. 
 
 OPHTHAIMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
 
 OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microphthalmus. 
 
 OFST^HALMIE PURIFORME DBS 
 N0J7VEAU-N£S, see Ophthalmia— o. Blen- 
 norrhagique, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 OFHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMITIS, Ophthalmia. This term 
 is occasionally restricted to inflammation of the 
 globe of the eye, in which, both the external 
 and internal structures are involved. 
 
 OPHTHALMIUM, Microphthalmus. 
 
 OPHTHALMO-BLENNORRHCEA, Oph- 
 thalmia (purulent.) 
 
 OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from c^- 
 S-alftog, 'the eye,' and xtquivw/ici, 'cancer.' 
 Cancer of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from o<f9aXu,Jc, 
 'the eye,' and g^oM/, 'bile;' Ophthal'mia bi- 
 lio'sa. Ophthalmia from biliary excitement. 
 
 OPHTHALMOCHROiTES, see Choroi< 
 tunica. 
 
 O P H T H ALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, f 
 Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMODULI'A, from ofSccxu 
 ' the eye,' and dmXsta, ' servitude.' Ei 
 service. The title of a book by Bartiach 
 diseases of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMODYNIA, from '>^^9!lx^c 
 ' the eye,' and iJuri/, ' pain,' especially rh( 
 matic pain of the eye. Plenck has given tl 
 name to neuralgia of the frontal nerve, in whi 
 the pain irradiates particularly towards the b 
 tom of the orbit. See Neuralgia, Frontal. 
 
 Ophthalmodthia Periodica, Neuralgia, 
 cial. 
 
 OPHTHALMCEDE'MA; from o^^ax^ 
 ' the eye,' and oidij/ia, ' oedema.' CEdema of t 
 conjunctiva, 
 
 OPHTHALMOCJ'RAPHY, from <,<p#«;.^ 
 'the eye,' and ygatfti, 'a description.' T 
 part of anatomy which gives a description 
 the eye. An' anatomical -description of the e) 
 
 OVHTUAtMOL'OGY,Opht/ialmolog"ia, (] 
 Oculistique, from oz,9cclfLot,' the eye,' and loy 
 'a discourse.' The part of anatomy whi 
 treats of the eye. ^An anatomical trefitise 
 the eye. A description of the eye in health a 
 disease. 
 
 OPHTHALMOM'ETER, from o(f»aln. 
 'the eye,' and /j.nqot, 'measure.' An insti 
 ment of the nature of compasses, invented 
 F. Petit, for measuring the capacity of the a 
 terior and posterior chanibers'of the eye in ai 
 tomjcal experiments. 
 
 OPHTHALMOMYI'TIS, Ophthalmom^Bs 
 tis; from oqiS-a^^ot, ' thfe eye,' ^uf . ' a muscl 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammati 
 of the muscles of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'I-A, from , 
 9a.Xfioc, 'the eye;' .<pXs-qj, 'a vein,' and to^ 
 ' incision.' Bleeding, frbm the vessels of t 
 conjunctiva. 
 
 P H T H A L M O PHTHAR'SIS, Ophthc 
 mophthi'sis ; from "ip&af./x.n?', * the eye,'' a 
 <pflo«5<ric, 'corruption.' Destruction of the ej 
 ball. 
 
 O P H T H AL M O P HTHISIS, Ophthaln 
 phtharsis. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA, from ot9al,i 
 'the eye,' and rrXrinam, 'I strike.' Paraly! 
 of one or more of the muscles of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOPTO-SIS, frona o:pSa?.n„t, ' ; 
 eye,' and nrao-if, ' a prolapse.' A word ei 
 ployed'by some authors in the sense of exop 
 thalmia, by others, in that of hydrophtKalmii 
 
 OPHTHALMORRHAC'IA, from cpSahi, 
 'the eye,' and griyvvni, 'I break forth.' H 
 morrhage from the tunica conjunctiva. It 
 rare. , ' ' 
 
 OPHTHALMOS, Eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSCOP'IA, OphthaVmoacop 
 from oip9,aXfi^t, 'the eye,' and ffnorfiu, 'I rega 
 attentively.' The art of judging of the lei 
 perament, &c. of a person by examining 1 
 eyes. The art of judging of health or disea 
 by inspection of the eyes. Exploration of t 
 eyes in order to a diagnosis. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM, (F.) Ophthc 
 mostat, from op&aKfioc, 'the eye,' and arair 
 'station;' Spec'ulum 0(/uli. An instrume 
 for fixing the eye. 
 
OPHTHALMOTHEEAPIA 
 
 605 
 
 OPPRESSION 
 
 OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmia- ] 
 tria. 
 
 OPHTHALMOT'OMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, 
 from otpS-a^^istj 'the eye,' and renvoi, 'I cut.' 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the dissec- 
 tion of the eye. It has, also, been applied to 
 extirpation of the eye. " , 
 
 ■OPHTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMOX'tSIS, from ^^^aK^,>s, ' the- 
 eye,' and- lumj ' I scrape.' A riame given to the 
 scarification sometimes practised on the con- 
 junctiva, in cases of ophthalmia. 
 
 OPRTBAhUOXYS'TKUMfiphtkalmocDys'- 
 ter, Ophthalmoiiyste'riwni, Xy strum ophthfU'mi- 
 cum. An instrument for 6cr?.ping the eye. 
 Name given to a small biush, with barbs like an 
 car of barley or rye, intended to scarify, the 
 eyelids in certain cases of ophthalmia. 
 
 OPHTHALMUS, Eye. 
 
 O P H T H ALMYMENI'TIS, Ophthalmohy 
 mtni^tis, from otfSak/i'x , ' eye,' 'ti/uuv, 'mem- 
 brane,' and iiiV, . denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of one or mOre membranes of the 
 eye. 
 
 OPIACUM, Opiatum. 
 
 Oi'I4iV£,'Narc0tine^ - 
 
 OPIANUM, JSarcotine. 
 
 OPIA T, Opiate — ». Dentifrice, Dentifrice. 
 
 OPIATE, Opia'tum, Opia'eum, (F.) Opiat, 
 from iiir;o»,'oTos, 'juice,' 'Opium.^ A medicine 
 Containing opium. A medicine that procures 
 sleep. An electuary. Formerly, an electuary, 
 which contained opium. In this sense, the Co- 
 dex of Paris retains it. 
 
 OPIATUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Ehctua'rium 
 de Rind Kind; Elec'tudry of Cincho'nh. {Pulv . 
 cinch, gxviij, ammon. muriate gj,mellis^ syt-iip. 
 absinth, kk Jij. - Make into an electuary.- PA. 
 P.) Given, when cindhona is indicated. ' ' 
 
 Opiatum MeSenteb'ioum, Eleetua'rium de 
 A'loSj Muria'tS Hydrar'gyri et Ferro. {Gitm. 
 ammon. ^SS) sefinas^v), hydrargyri submuriat'., 
 rad. ari. aloes socotrin. aa gij, pulv: scarmnon. 
 eamp. (vulg.- <i?« tribus,) rh^j. rad. aa X\\i,ferri 
 limatur. porphyrisat. ^ss. Bruise and mix to- 
 gether, add of compound syrup of apples double 
 the weight of the other matters, and make into 
 an electuary. Ph. P.) Dose, gss to gij, in 
 obstructions of the liver, mesentery, &c. 
 
 OPION, Opium. 
 
 OflSMA, Succus. 
 
 OPIS'THENAR, Dorsum manus, from oTTiff- 
 6s, ' backwards,-' and 6iva^, ' the flat of the'" hand.' 
 The |)ack of the hand. ' . ■ „ 
 
 OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput. 
 
 OPISTHOCRANIUM, Occiput. 
 
 OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Oyphoma. 
 
 OPISTHOLOB'IUM, Opisthot'ium, from 
 oiriais', 'behind,' arid ko|9io)i, 5 the lobe of the ear.' 
 Any agent applied behintt the ear. 
 , OPISTHOTIUM, Opistholobium. 
 . OPISTHOT'ONbS, Raptus postergdneus, 
 Tet'anus dorsa'lis, T. posti'cus, T. posterga'- 
 ueus, from ctniir9i, 'backwards,' and xma, 'I 
 . stretch.' A species of tetanus, in which the 
 body is bent backwards. 
 
 OPIUM, see Papaver— o. Colatum, Extrac- 
 tum opii — 0. Depuratum, Extractum opii. 
 
 OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsa- 
 mum. 
 
 OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.) 
 
 OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch. 
 
 OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toch, Opodeldoc. 
 
 An unmeaning term, frec[uently used hy Para- 
 celsus. Formerly, it signilif d a plaster for all 
 external injuries; now, it is applied to the Lini- 
 mentum Saponis Compositum. ■ , 
 
 Opodeldoch, Steer's. A liniment, called 
 aftpr the inventor. There are many formulse 
 for its preparation. The following is one. 
 ^Sap. alh. tej, camphor §ij, ol. rorismarini f. 
 ■giv, spiritus vini rectificati Oij. See Lini- 
 mentum Saponis Composituta. 
 
 OPODYMDS, Diprosopus. 
 
 OPOPIOS, Optic. . 
 
 OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca ppoponax. 
 
 OPOPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 
 OPOPPNAXWORT, Pastinaci opoponax. 
 
 OPO'RICE, from otico^e, 'autumnal fruits.' 
 A- medicine, composed of several autumnal 
 -fruits, particularly of quJncfes, pornegranates, 
 &c. and wine. _ It' was formerly administered 
 in dysentery, 'diseases of the stomach, &c. 
 
 OPOS, Succus expressuS' — o. Silphion, Laser- 
 pitium. 1 
 
 OPPIDULUM, Vulva. 
 
 OPPILATIO, ' Erriphraxis— 0-. Telse Cellu- 
 losae. Induration of the cellular tissue. 
 
 OPPILATiyUS, Obstruens. ^ ' 
 
 ' pPPO'NENS, (!;.•)„ Opposant, oi, and ponere, 
 ' to place.' That which faces or is put in op- 
 po,sition to soiijething. The name has ' been 
 given to two muscles of the hand. ' ' 
 
 Opponens Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-metacar- 
 pien du petit doigt, (Ch.) Metacarpien du 'petit 
 doigt,. {'V.) Opposant du petit doigt. This 
 muscle has the same shape and arrangement 
 as the preceding, but, is of less size. It^iij 
 situate in the hypothenar eminence. Its fibres 
 are insetted into the anterior annular ligament 
 of the carpus, and' terminate on the whole 
 length of the inner edge of the 5th metacarpal 
 bone. This muscle carries the 5th metacarpal 
 bone forwards and outwards^ and^ thus aug- 
 ments the concavity of the palm^ of the hand. 
 
 Opponens Pol'licis, Flexor o-ssis metacar*pi 
 poinds, Opponens pollids mdnixs^ Flexor primi 
 jBJerKo'A'i' (Douglass,) Antith'e'nar siye semi- 
 interosseus pollids, (F.) Oarpo-metacarpieu 
 du'pouce (Ch.,) Metacarpien' du pouce, Oppo- 
 sant du Pouce. A sma.ll, flat, triangiilar mus- 
 cle, situate in. the substance 'of the thenar emi- 
 nence. It is attached, on the one hand, to the 
 anterior annular , ligament Of the carpus and to 
 the trapezium; and, on: the other, to the whole 
 of the outer margin of the first metacarpal 
 bone.-., -This muscle impresses on the, first bone 
 of the metacarpus a movement of rotation, 
 which opposes the thumb to the other fingers. 
 
 OPPOSANT, Opponens — it. du Petit doigt, 
 Opponens minimi .digiti—o. dii Pouce, Oppo- 
 nens pollicis. - 
 
 OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression— o. 
 Nocturna, Incubus. 
 
 OPPRESSION, Qppres'sio,' Thlipsis, Cata- 
 thlips'is, from o'pprimere,.(^ob, and premere,^ej- 
 sum,) ' to press against.' A state, in which the 
 patient experiences a sensation of weight in 
 the part affected. When employed abstractedly, 
 it means, particularly, Oppression of the chest-^ 
 Oppressio Pectoris, (F.) O. de Poitrine. 
 
 OppKESSiON, Oppres'sio vir'ium, (F.) Op- 
 pression des forces, is, also, used for that con- 
 dition, at the commencement of fevers, &c., in 
 which the system is oppressed rather than de- 
 bilitated, and where- the vascular action -rises. 
 
OPS 
 
 606 
 
 ORBICULUS CILIARIS 
 
 as the obstruction to free circulation is relieved 
 by bleeding, piirging, &c. 
 
 OPS, Eye. 
 
 OPSEONUSI, Opsionusi. , 
 
 OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia,,facial. 
 
 OPSIONU'SI, Opseo3vU'si, from anfjn, ' vision,' 
 and tavaos, ' a disease ;' Morti visits. Diseases 
 of vision. 
 
 OPSIOTOC'IA, from oVt> ' too late,' and to- 
 *oc, 'birth;' Partus sero'tinus. Parturitior. 
 after the usual period. See Pregnancy; 
 
 OPSIS, Pupil, Vision. 
 
 OPSOMA'NIAC, Opsom'anBs,\F.) Opso- 
 mane, fxoxa. t,yjov, 'aliment,' and /uivicc. One 
 who laves some particular aliment to madness. 
 
 OPTESIS, Assatio. 
 
 OPTIC, Op'ticusi Opo'pios, from onro/iat, 
 ' I see.' That virhjch relates to vision. 
 
 Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus. 
 
 Of TIC FoilAMEN, Fora'men op'ticum, (F.) 
 Trou optique. A round opening in the sphenoid 
 bone,.,near the base of its lesser ala, through 
 vyhich the optic nerve passes. 
 
 Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Geoove. A transverse groove on the 
 superior surface of the sphenoid bone; on which 
 the commissure of the optic nerves restSj 'arid 
 which is continuous on eaeh'side with the optic 
 foramen. 
 
 Optic Lobes, Quadrigehiina tubercula. 
 
 Optic Nerve, Nervus op'ticus, Par secun'- 
 dum seu op'ticum seu viso'viuviy Nerve of the 
 'id pair, 'Nervus visi'vus ^eu viso'rius. Ocular 
 nerve of Chaussier. The optic nerves are re- 
 markable for their size; for their running a 
 longer course, within than without, the cranium; 
 and for their furnishing no branch from their 
 origin to their termination. They do not seem 
 to arise, as was long supposed, from the optic 
 thalami, biit from the tubercula quadrigeibina. 
 Immediately after their origin the optic tracts, 
 proceed forwards; are, at first, broad and flat; 
 but afterwards become narrower and round. 
 In front of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and 
 decussate, each, nerve proceeding through the 
 optic foramen with vthe ophthalmic artery. 
 The nerve passes to the, back part of the globe 
 of the eye, "becomes narrower, and enters that 
 organ to give rise to the nervous expansion 
 called the retina. Besides its neurilemma, the 
 optic nerve is surrounded by a sheath, furnished 
 by the dura mater. This accompanies it as far 
 as the eye. ' -^ 
 
 The optic nerve is the nerve of special sen- 
 sibility lof the eye. 
 
 Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic reniedy. 
 
 Op.tic Thalami, Thalami nervorum' opti- 
 corura — 0. Tracts, see Optic nerve. 
 
 OPTICO-TS.OCHLp-SC'LAB.OTICIENi 
 Oblique superior of the eye. 
 
 OPTICUMj Ophthalmic remedy. 
 
 OPTILOS, Eye. 
 
 OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 OR, Gold — 0. Cyanure d', see Gold — o. Hy- 
 droehiorate d', see Gold — o. lodure d', see Gold 
 —0. Nitromuriate d', see Gold — o. Oxide d', 
 see Gold — o. et de Sodium, cklorure d', see 
 Gold — 0. et de Boude, Hydroohlorate d', see Gold 
 — 0. et de Sonde, Muriate d.' see Gold. 
 
 ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.) 
 
 ORACH, STINKING, Chenopodium vulva- 
 ria. 
 
 ORANGE, FLOWERS OF THE, see Ci- 
 
 trus aurantium— o. Root, Hydrastis Canadena 
 — .0. Tree, Citrus aurantium. 
 , ORANGEADE. A drink, made with orani 
 juice diluted with water. It is antiphlogisti 
 and often recommended in acute diseases,' 
 
 ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium— o. C 
 rassoa, Aurantia curassaventia. 
 
 ORBES CARTILAGmoSl TRACHEi 
 see Trachea. . 
 
 ; ORBICULAIRE DBS LtVRES, Orbici 
 larisoris-^. des P«jyre'^r«j, Orbicularis palp 
 brarum. 
 
 ORBICULAR,- OriJcjifoVii, from orlis, ' 
 circle.' Spherical, circular. 
 
 Orbicular Bone, Os orbicula're seu lentiet 
 la'ri seu Syhjii sen orbicula'.re Syl'vii, Glol 
 ulus stap'edis ossis, Epiph'i^sis cruris lougio'n 
 tn'cudis, O^ssic'ulwm or&icula'reseu squamo'su 
 seu eochlearl.seu quartum, is the smallest of tl 
 four bones' of the ear. It is scarcely percept 
 ble, round, convex on two surfaces, and situal 
 between the long ramus of the incus and tl 
 head of the'stapes. 
 
 Omioular Mu^cjiEs are muscles with cii 
 cular fibres surrounding some natural openin 
 of the body. 1. OrUcala'ris Oris, Sphincti 
 Labio'rwm, Semi VQ\'Dem.i~orhicula'ris, Suprc 
 semi-orbicula'ris, Constridtor^ Oris, Lahia'lii 
 Oscidato'rius, Basia'tor, (F.) Labial, Orbici 
 laire des livres. A muscle situate in the sul 
 stance of the lips, and extending from one con 
 missure to the other. It is formed of two ver 
 distinct portions, of a semi-oval shape; oneb( 
 longing to the u^per lip, the other to thelowei 
 Their extremities'cross at the commissures, an 
 are confounded with the other muscles of th 
 parts. The use of this fleshy muscle is to brin 
 the lips together, and to close the aperture t 
 the mouth, by making it represent a sort ( 
 Bourrelet with radiated wrinkles. It is an ar 
 tagonist to every other muscle of the lips. S 
 Orbicularis PUlpebra'rum, Orliicularis oc'ul\ 
 Orbiculaiis palpebra'rwm cilid'vis, Palpebrd 
 rum duo -nvus'culi, Maxil'lo-palpibral, Palpi 
 bra'lis, Constrict'or- 'palpebra'rwm, Sphinctt 
 Paipebra'rum seu Oculi, (F.) Naso-ptilpebrc 
 (Ch;), Palpebral, Orbiculaire des paupih'es. j 
 muscle common to both the eyelids, and seate 
 in their substance. It is broad, thin, trans 
 versely oval, and cleft in its great diameter. ] 
 is attached to the nasal process of the superic 
 maxillary bone ; to the internal angular proces 
 of the frontal bone, and to the orbitar proces 
 of the superior maxillary bone. From thes 
 origins the muscle passes outwards, under th 
 skin of the eyelids, surrounding the orbit in 
 circular manner, extending somewhat beyon 
 it, and covering the upper part of the cheek. ] 
 is inserted into theskin of the eyelids, its'mppe 
 and inner edge being intimately connectedwit 
 the frontal and corrugator muscles. Its use i 
 to close the eye, by bringing the eyelids toge 
 ther. The part of the orbicularis which Covei 
 the cartilages of the eyelids,, and which is re 
 markably thin, is the Maseulus Ciliaris ( 
 some authors. 
 
 ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicukris palpi 
 brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Oi 
 bicular muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicule 
 muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see OrbicuU 
 muscles — o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus. 
 
 ORBICULUS CILIARIS, Ciliary ligamen 
 Ciliary zone. 
 
UKiSlS {itiSS U 
 
 UXtlxAiVllj 
 
 ORBIS GENU, Patella. 
 
 ORBIT, Or'Uta, 0. oo'iili, Troch'ia, Con' 
 chus seu Cav'itas seu Fo'tiea, seu ^elviQ'ula 
 oe'uU, from orbis, 'a circle.' The circular 
 cavities are so, called which lodge |the organs of 
 sight. The orhits or orhitqr fossa or cavities, 
 conphi, Myxot, are situate tit the upper part of 
 the face, and are composed of seven bones, viz : 
 — the frontal, aboye; the palate and superior 
 maxillary, below : the splietioid and malar, ex- 
 ternally, and the ethmoid and lachrymal, inter- 
 nally. The orbit. is filled by the globe of the 
 eye, with its different accessary parts — niuscles, 
 nerves, vessels, the lachrymal gland, &e. Its 
 margin is teripe4 margo orhita'lis. 
 
 ORBIT A, Orbit— o. Oculi, Orbit. 
 
 ORBITAL FISSURE, INFERIOR> Sphe- 
 noidal fissure — 0. Fissure, superioi;, Maxillary 
 fissure. 
 
 OR'BITAR, Orhita'rius, OrUtallis, Or'Utal; 
 same etymon. Relating or belonging to the 
 orbit. - 
 
 Ore'itae Apoph'yses or, Piioo"esses termi- 
 nate the two extremities of the orbitar arch. 
 The extemhl, is much more prominent, and is 
 articulated with the cheek bone ; the inte'rnal 
 is thinner, and joins the, os unguis. 
 
 Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the 
 projecting, round margin, which separates the 
 frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and 
 forms a part of the circumference of the orbit. 
 
 Or'bitab Fissures, (F.) Femes orbitaires. 
 These are situate in the orbit. They are two 
 in number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the 
 other inferior, the Spheno-maxillary. - ' 
 
 Orbitar Foram'ina. Of these-there are seve- 
 ral : — 1 . The Foramen ofbitarixtm s^jge'rius, 
 (F.) Trou orbitaire superiewr, which is situate 
 at the junction of the inner third of the orbi- 
 tar arch with its two outer thirds, and gives 
 passage to the frontal, nerve. 2. The Foram- 
 ina oriita'ria interio'ra vel inter'na, Foram'ina 
 Eth,moidea. These are situate at the upper 
 part of the internal paries of the orbit, are 
 formed by the union of two notches of the 6s 
 frontis with two similar ones of the ethmoi,d ; 
 and are distinguished into anterior zxAposterior. 
 The former gives passage to the ethmoidal fila- 
 ment of the nasal nerve and to a small artery. 
 
 Qrbitar Nerve, Nervus orhita'lis seu orhi- 
 . ta'rius, is a branch given off from the superior 
 maxillary. It enters the orbit by the spheno- 
 maxillary fissure, and divides into two filaments; 
 the orxs-r-malar — which passes over the cheek 
 bone, is distributed to the orbicularis palpebra- 
 rum, and anastomoses with the fecial nerve; 
 the othel: — temporal — which passes to thg tem- 
 poral fossae, and anastomoses with the inferior 
 maxillMy and facial, to become afterv?ards sub- 
 ci^aneous. 
 
 ORBITO-EXTUS-S CLMRO TICIEN, Rec- 
 tus externus oculi — o. Intus-ScUroticien, Rec- 
 tus internus oculi — o. Mamllo-labioJ,, Levator- 
 labii superioris proprius — a. Palpebral, Levator 
 palpebrae supei:ioris — o.Sus-palpibral, Levator 
 palpebraB superioris. 
 . OB.CANETTE, Anchusa officinalis. 
 ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia. 
 ORCHAS, Scrotum. , 
 
 ORCHEI'TIS, Osch-i'tis, Osehei'tis, Inflam- 
 ma'tio scroti, from og;raf, 'the scrotum,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the scrotum. 
 
 Oroheitis, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis. 
 
 ORCHIJOCELE, Orohiocele.' 
 
 ORCHEOTOMY, Castration. 
 
 ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea. 
 
 ORCHIDAL'GIA, Orchal'gia, Orchidodyn'- 
 ia, from oqxi%, 'a testicle,' and o^]'l!f, 'pain.' 
 Pain of the testicle. 
 
 ORCHIDITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS, Orcheocatab'asisy. 
 Descen'sus testiculo'rum,from og;f ij, 'the testis,' 
 andlX!tT«(9aoic, 'descent.' The descent of the 
 testes into the scrotum. 
 
 ORCHIDOCELE, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDODYNIA, Orchidalgia. 
 
 ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration. , 
 
 ORCHILL, Lichen rocCella. 
 
 ORCHIOCE'LE, Orcheoce'H, from tgxn, 
 ' the testicle,' and xijiij, 'a rupture.' A tumour 
 of the testicle." Scrotal hernia. Herniahurno- 
 ralis. A name given to several diseases of 
 the testide and its envelopes, essentially dif- 
 fering from each other. , 
 
 Orohiooe'le Soirrho'sa, Scixrhoce'le. A 
 malignant tumour of the testis. - , 
 
 ORCHIS, Testicle— 6. Butterfly, Orchis bi- 
 folia. 
 
 OrchIs Mjvs'cctA, Saiyr'ion, Male Orchis, 
 Testic'ulus cani!nus,Cynosor'chisiI)ogs' stones,^ 
 Male Fools' stories, Twimoiit. ' This roo,t |ias' 
 had a place in some pharmacopoeias, on account 
 of the glutinous, slimy juice it contains. The 
 root of the Orchis bifolia or Buiterjly ofchis, 
 has likewise been collected. It ha,s been uifed ' 
 as a demulcent. Its fancied aphrodjisiac virtues 
 seem to be, owing to'i^s resemblance to oQx'St 
 'a testicle,' whence its name. 
 
 Salep is obtained from this -variety of the /or- 
 chis; — andfrom'theO«Aii«Kwio,&c. SeeSalep. 
 
 ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis. 
 
 ORCHITIS, Hernia.humoralis, 
 
 ORCHOI, see Tarsus. 
 
 , ORCHOTOMIA, Castration. Also, removal 
 of the tarsi. 
 
 ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORDEUM, JHordeum. , 
 
 ORDINAIBES,'Menses. 
 
 ORDONNANCE, Formula. Prescription. 
 
 OREILLE D'HOMME, Asarum— o. de 
 Souris, Hieracium pilosella. 
 
 OREILLETTE; Asarum, AuricU of the 
 heart. 
 
 OREILLONS, Parotic, Cynanche parotidsa. 
 
 ORELIA GLANDIFj:.ORA, AUamanda.. 
 
 OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum 
 ■^0. Africanum, Bubon galbanum. 
 
 OREXIS,. Appetite, Pyrosis — p. Cynodes, 
 Boulimia. ' 
 
 ORGAN, Or'ganum, Or'ganon, 'An instru- 
 ment.' Part of an organized being, destined to 
 exercise some particular function. Thus — the 
 eyes are organs of sight ; the muscles are or- 
 gans of motion, &c. The collection of organs, 
 which concur in any function, is called appa- 
 ratus. 
 
 ORGANA GENERATION! INSERVIEN- 
 TES, Genital organs— o- Sudoripara, see Per- 
 spiration. 
 
 ORGANES Gi-NITAVX, Genital organs. 
 
 ORGAN'IC, Organ'ieus. Jlelating to an or- 
 gan or organs, and to beings possessed of organs. 
 Hence, orgakio functions are those possessed 
 
ORGANISATIO 
 
 608 
 
 QfiONGE 
 
 by both animals and vegetables. It is also 
 used synonymously with vital, in contradistinc- 
 tion to 'phy^sical, ' r . ' 
 
 Obgamio Chemistry, see Chymist'ry. 
 
 Oeganio Diseases or Lesions are such as 
 concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to 
 functional, which merely concern the function. 
 Of couree, org-anic diseases of a part are Slways 
 more sericfus thai) funqtional. 
 
 ORGAWISATIO, Organization. 
 
 ORGANISATUS, Organized. 
 
 OR'GANISM. Same etjtoon. The living 
 econorayi Many physiologists have used tl^is 
 ■word synonymously witfi orgjanizatipn;- but 
 more especially to designate the aggregate of 
 vital actions in- organized beings,, animals as 
 well as vegetables. The collection, of parts 
 composing an organized body, and the laws 
 which govern it. 
 
 ORGANIZA'TION, Organisa'tio, from o|-, 
 yavoi, 'an organ'.' The manner of structure; 
 proper to different beings. It is also employed 
 in the sense of the structure of a part ; as, th6 
 organization of the h^art, &c. 
 
 Orgamizatiok, Compounds of. Principles, 
 immediate. , ' 
 
 r , . . 
 
 OR'GANIZED, Or'ganis instruo'tus. Orga- 
 nisa'tus. That which is' composed of organs. 
 
 O&GANiZED Bodies, (F.), Corps organises, 
 are those endowed with life; i. e. animals and 
 v^gpfables : in opposition to inorganic bodies, 
 which terni comprises the mineral kingdom. — ■ 
 See Corpus. ' , ' ' 
 
 ■■ ORGAIv/OCHEMIA, Chymistry, organic. 
 
 0RGAN06"ENY, Organogen'ia; fromojyo- 
 »ov, 'an, organ,' and yevEOK, 'generation.' The 
 doctrine of the formation of different organs. ■ 
 
 ORGAWOGNO'SIA, from ogy^vov, ' organ,' 
 and yvaia-n, 'knovvledge.' The knowledge and 
 discrimination of organized bodies. 
 
 ORGANOG'RAPHT, Organograph'ia, from 
 ogyovoKj 'an organ,' ?nd ysafi), 'a description,' 
 A destription of the organs of a living body. 
 
 ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology. 
 
 ORGANON OLF ACTUS, Nasus. 
 
 OIIGANON OM'IA, from osyaw, ' an organ,' 
 and voA<°Sj 'a law.' The doctrine of the laws 
 of organic life. 
 
 ORGANOZOONQMIA, Zoonomia. ' 
 
 ORGANUM, Instrument. 
 
 ORGASM, Orgas'mus, Orgo'sis, from ogyam', 
 ' I desire ardeiitly.' A strong impulse or de- 
 sire for something. State, of excitement and 
 turgescence of any organ wjiatever. Applied 
 particularly to the genital organs at the height 
 of venereal excitement. 
 
 ORGASMUS, Turgescence. 
 
 ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon. The second 
 order pf the class Genetica of Good., Defined: 
 diseases affecting the orgasm;' organic or con- 
 stitutional infirmity disordering the power or 
 the desire of procreating. 
 
 ORGE, Rage. 
 
 ORGE, Hordeum— 0. Perle, see Hordeum. 
 
 ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdala. 
 
 ORGELET, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORGEOLET, Hordeolum. 
 
 ORGOSIS, Orgasm. 
 
 ORICHALCUM, Brass. 
 
 ORICULAR, Auricular. 
 
 ORICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
 
 ORIFICIUM, Mouth— 0. Dextrum Ventri- 
 
 culi. Pylorus — o. Uteri, Os uteri— o. Ventriculi 
 Sinistrurh, Cardia. . 
 
 ORIG'ANUM, Origanum mMga'ri, Cuni'la 
 bu'hula, Marjora'na mancura'na, 0. herachot'- 
 icum, Zazarhen'di Jicrha, Wild Tnar^joram, 
 Common' marjoram, 'Mancura'na, (F.) Pied de 
 lit. Family, Labiatae. Sex.Syst. Didyndmia 
 Gymnospexmia. This plant resembles'malrjo- 
 ram in smell ; and ha^s a pungent taste, much 
 like thyme. It is aromatic and stimulant; and 
 its oil possesses the pfbperties of the essential 
 oils in geneiail. The oil, oleum origani, Ph. 
 U. S. — is very pungent; and is rarely given in- 
 ternally. It is used in toothache. 
 
 Origanum AQUAiicnM, Eupatorium canna- 
 binum — 6. Creticum, O. dictamnus. 
 
 Origanum Dictam'nus, Dictamnus Cret'icus, 
 0, Creticum, Oni'tis, DitVany of Qrefe,,(F.) 
 Dictamne de Crete. .The leaves of this plant 
 were once recommended as e'mmenagogue and 
 alexipharmic. 
 
 Obigani^m Heracleotioum, Origanum. 
 
 Origanum Majoea'na!, Marjora'ha,0. ma- 
 jotano'i'd^s, Majorana, Sweet marjoram, Samp~ 
 sucus, Agriorig* drivm-, Amar'acus, (F.) Marjo' 
 laine. Its bdour is .strong and fragrant; taste 
 aromatic and bitterisl^. Its properties are 
 those of a stomachic and errhine. Itis chiefly 
 used, however, for culinary purposes, and as a 
 snuff in headache. 
 
 Origanum Syriacum, Teucrium marum. 
 
 ORIGIN AIRE (F.), from origo, 'origin.*. 
 This term has been used, by French^writers, in 
 the same sense as congenital. It is particularly 
 applied to affections depending upon faulty con- 
 formation, or to faulty conformation itself. 
 
 ORIGO, Atche. 
 
 ORISMOEOGY, Tenninojogy. 
 
 ORME, Appetite. 
 
 ORME, Ulmus. 
 
 ORMSKIRK MEDICINE... A celebrated 
 antrlyssic remedy, supposed to consist of Pulv. 
 Cretce, .^ss; Bol. Armen. ,f iij; Alimdn. gr. x; 
 Pulv. inulse 3j; Ol.Anisi, g"- vj. 
 
 This is taken for a dose every .morning fori 
 six times, in a glass of water, with a small pro- 
 portion of frfesh milk. 
 
 ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM, see Tube, 
 Fallopian. 
 
 ORNITHOGALUM MARITIMUM, Scilla. 
 
 ORNITHOGLOSSiE, see Fraxinus excelsior. 
 
 ORNUS EUROPiEA, see Fraxinus ornus — 
 o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excelsior. 
 
 OROBAN'CHE Y[-RGimA'NA-,'E_piffi'gus 
 America'nus, E. Virginia/nus, Virgin'ia broiim- 
 rap'e, Beech-drops, Cancer-root. Family, Oro- 
 banchoidese; This parasitic plant is astringent, 
 and a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter. 
 It -is most powerful when fresh. It has been 
 used in dysentery; and, externally, to obstinate 
 ulcers. ' ' 
 
 Oroban'che America 'n a, and O. Unifiio'ra, 
 have the same properties, and are, likewise, 
 called Cancer root. Earth club and Clapmort. 
 
 OKOS.B, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 OROBION, see Ervum ervilia. 
 
 OROBOI'DES, from o5"i?ot, 'the orobus,' and 
 e;3oc,'form.' Orobo'des. Having the shape of t^e 
 orobus. A name given to urine, XTrina orobo'des 
 sen oroboi'des, when depositing a substance oS a 
 fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus. 
 
 OROBUS, Ervum ervilia. 
 
 ORONGE, see Agaric. 
 
dUOPHALLUS 
 
 609 
 
 OS EFACTALE 
 
 OROPHALL'US,,from ogoj, or oppiis, «the 
 rump,' and <fiaio:, 'the male organ.' , A mon- 
 ster having a second male organ originating 
 from the rump.— Gurlt. 
 ORGS, Croupion, Serum. ^ 
 OR'PIMENT, AuHpigmen'ium, Orpin, Risi- 
 gal'lum, Rissigallum, Cloanx, Elome, Sird, 
 Lempnias, Spe&ulwm dt'rinum, Trides, Yi-ide. 
 The native yellow sulphuret of arsenic. It is 
 poisonous, hut less so than the oxide. It is, 
 also, called Adarigo, Adameeh', Ahusal, Alfhn- 
 nacha, Azarnet^ XThe Turks prepare a depila- 
 tory with it, which they call Riisma. 
 
 ORPIN, Orpiment^o. BriUant, Sedum— o. 
 Gmnd, Sedum telephium— o. Reprise, Sedum 
 telephinm. 
 
 ORPINE, Sedum telephium. 
 ORRHOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
 ORRHOCYST'IS, from ofgot, 'serum,' and 
 xuo-T(f, ' a bladder.' An encysted tumour con- 
 taining a serous fluid. 
 ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis. 
 ORRHOPYG'ION.. The inferior extremity 
 of the vertebral column; from ogos, ' extremity,' 
 and a-uyij, 'the nates.' The os coccygis. Also, 
 the raphe, extending from the penis to the anus, 
 and separating the scrotum into two parts. . 
 
 ORRHORRHCE'A, froin 05505, 'serum,' and 
 {SO), ' I flow.' A morbidly increas^ secretion 
 of a serous fluid. 
 
 ORRHOS, Cmupion, Serum. 
 ORRIS, Iris Florentina — 0. Common, Iris 
 Germanica. , ' 
 
 ORSEILLE, Lichen roccella. 
 OBTEZi, Digitus pedis. 
 ORTHOCO'LtJM, from o§«o?, 'straight,' 
 and xaXov, 'limb.' Stiflhess of the limb, so 
 that it is kept quite straight. 
 
 ORTliODO'RON. A measure with the 
 Greeks, equal to eleven fin^r-breadths'. 
 ORTrfOMORPHIA, Orthopaedia. 
 ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopsedia. 
 ORTHONTROPlA, Orthopaedia. 
 ORTHOPjEDI'A, 6,rthopas'dici, Ortho- 
 mor'phia, Orthomorpho'sis, Orthontrop'ia, from 
 oga-os, ' right,' and reaic, ' a child.' The part of 
 medicine whose object is to prevent and correct 
 deformity in the bodies of children.. Often used, 
 • however, with a more extensive signification, to 
 embrace the correction or prevention of defor- 
 mities at all ages. Orthosomat'ics, Orthosomat'- 
 ici, Horn ogSosj 'right,' and ira/ua, 'body,' has 
 been proposed as a preferable term. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIC, Orthopa'dicits ; samp ety- 
 mon. Relating to orthopsedia, — as Orthopedic 
 Institution, Institu'tum orthopcs' dicum seu ar- 
 thopa'dium : an institution for the correction or 
 prevention of deformities in' children. 
 
 ORTHOPE'DIST, Ortho'ter, Onhopce'dicus, 
 
 same etymon. One who practises orthopaedia. 
 
 ORTHOPHREN'IC, Orthopkrm'ims, from 
 
 05935, 'right,' and (fgijv, 'mind.' Relating to 
 
 sound mind. 
 
 ORTHOPNCE'A, Suffoca'tio, Strangula'tio, 
 Prsefocct'tio, Fnix, Pnigmus, Euthyp' noe, Eu- 
 thypnce'a, Angor, Apna'a, from ojSoc, 'right,' 
 'straight,' and wkcu, '1 respire.' Impractica- 
 bility of breathing in the horizontal posture. 
 Necessity of being in the erect posture, in order 
 to respire. 
 
 Okthopncea Caediaoa, Angina Pectoris — 0. 
 Convulsiva, Asthma — 0. Cynanchica, Cynanche 
 tiachealis — 0. Hydrothoracica, Hydrothorax— 
 
 o. Hysterica, Angone— o. Pituitosa,Mycorthop- 
 noea^o. Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
 
 ORTHOSOMATICE, Orthopsdia. 
 
 ORTHOSOMATIQUE, Orthopaedia. 
 
 GRTHOTER, Orthopedist. 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
 
 ORTIE, Urtica— 0. Blanche, Lamium album 
 — 0. Bridante, Urtica urens — o. Morte, Lamium 
 album— to. Morte des Bois, Galeopsis — 0. Ro- 
 maine, Urtica pilulifera. 
 
 ORTYX, Tet^ao coturnix. 
 
 ORUS, Crowjjiomj Serum. 
 
 OBVALE, Salvia sclar?a. ■ ' 
 
 ORVIETA'NUM. From the Italif.n Orvie- 
 tano. An electuary regarded as an invaluable 
 antidote, and composed of Old theriac. Dried 
 vipers, Scorzonera, Carliria, Imperatorium, An- 
 gelica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper^ Cinnamon, 
 Cloves, Mace, Honey, and a crowd of otber sub- 
 stances. Its medical properties resembled, in 
 some respects, those of the theriac. - It was so 
 called, according to some, because invented by 
 Orvietano, a celebrated charlatan ; or, according 
 toothers', from Orvieto, a town in Italy. 
 
 ORY'ZA, from Orez, (Arab.,) Ory'za sati'- 
 va, Rice, (F.) Biz. Fa/tnily, Graminese. Sex. 
 Syst. Hexandria Mouogynia. A plant, almost 
 aquatic, and indigenous in China, one of the 
 richest productions of Egypt, and which pros- 
 pers in the warmer regions of the four quarters 
 of the globe. Its amylaceous seeds, Ory'za, 
 Ory'zurn, Hordewni galac'ticmm, nourish more 
 men than those of wheat and rye together. Be- 
 sides being alimentary, they are demulcent and 
 emollient. 
 
 OS, Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum — o. Acro- 
 mii, Acromion^o. ad Cubitale, Radius — o. Ad- 
 jutorium. Humeri OS — 0. Afaforme, Sphenoid'-^ 
 0. Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum — 0. Aniphideon, Os 
 uteri — 0. Anonyme, Innbminatum os— ^0. Ano- 
 nymum, Innorainatum os — ;0. Anticumi Avant 
 bouche — o.Arcuale,Temporalbone-^o. Armale, 
 Temporal bone — o. Asser, Sternum — 0. da 
 I'Assiette, \ac\a.oix-^o. Azygos, Sphenoid-— 0. 
 BallisttB, Astragalus — o. Basilare, Occipital 
 bone. Palate bone, Sacrum, Sphenoid^-— o. Baxil- 
 lare, Sphenbid-^o.Bicorne, Hyoi^es 6s — o.Bra- 
 chiale, Humeri os — o. Brachii, Humeri os — o. 
 Calcis, Calcaneum-^o. Capitatum, Magnum os 
 — o.Caudae, Occipital bone — o. Clunium, Sa- 
 erum — 0. Coccygis, Coccyx — o. Colatorium, 
 Ethmoid bone — 0, Coliforme,Ethmoid^o. Con- 
 volutum superius. Turbinated bone, middle — o. 
 Coronale, Frontal bone — o. Coxae, Innomina- 
 tum/os — 0. Coscal, Innominatum os, Ischion^ 
 0. CribleMXj'E.thmoiA — 0. Cribriforme, Ethmoid 
 — 0. Cribrosum, Ethmoid — o. Cristat-um, Eth- 
 moid bone — 0. Crocku, Os uniciforme. 
 
 OS CBOTOPHALE. A name given by M. 
 Beclard to a bone sometimes met with at the 
 anterior and inferior angle of the parietal bone ; 
 from r4ora.ifoi, 'the temple.' 
 
 Os Ceotaphiticum, Temporal bone^ — 0. Cu- 
 bicum. Ethmoid bone — o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna 
 — o. de la Cuisse,FeTimr — 0. Cuneiforme, Sphe- 
 noid — o.Cuneo comparatum, Sphenoid — o. Cym- 
 biforme, Scaphoid bone — 0. Disciforme, Patella 
 — 0. Durum, Temporal bone — 0. Ensiforme, 
 Sternum. 
 
 OS J&FACTALE. A name given to one of 
 the ossa Wormiana ; particularly to one met 
 with in the posterior fontanelle, and which has 
 
OS dPACTAUX 
 
 610 
 
 OSCILLATION 
 
 been desciibed by G. Fischer, under the name 
 Os Epactali sive G-oethian'um. 
 
 OS £FACTAUX, Wormiana ossa. 
 
 Os ExTERNTJM. The entrance into the va- 
 gina, in contradistinction to the Os inUr'num, 
 or Os u'teri. 
 
 Os ExTEA Okdinem Carpi, Os pisiforme 
 — o. FibrosuiM, Occipital bone— o. Forami- 
 nulentum. Ethmoid — o. Frontis, Frontal bone 
 — 0. Genae, ili.&he os— o. Gladioli, Sternum 
 -^0. Gratid, .Magnum os — o. Grand, col du, 
 CoUum'ossis magni — o. Grandinosum, Cuboid 
 — 0. Gutturis, Hyoides os — o. Haniatum, Os 
 unciforme — o. Hors du rang, Os pisiforme — o. 
 Hypopium, Malas os— o. Hypseloides, Hyoides 
 OS — o. Inconjugatum, Sphenoid — o. Incudi si- 
 milis. Incus — o. Inferius ventriculi, Pyloru? — 
 0. Innorrdne, Innominatum os-^ot Intercaies, 
 Wormiana ossa — o. Internum, Os uteri — o. In- 
 ■verecundum, Frontal bone — o. Ischii, Ischion — 
 u. Jugale, MalEB os^o. Jugafflentum, Malae os 
 — o. Jiiguli, Clavicle — o. Lachryraale, Unguis 
 OS — o. Lambda, Occipital bone — o. Lambdoides, 
 Hyoides os,,Occipital bone — o. Lapideum, Tem- 
 poral bone — 0. Latum, Sacrum — o. Latum hu- 
 meri. Scapula — o. Lenticulare, Os orbiculare, 
 Os pisiforme — o. Lepidoides, Temporal bone — 
 u. LinguEe, Hyoides os — o. Linguale, Hyoides 
 os^po. Lithoides, Temporal bone — o. Magnum, 
 neck of the, Collum ossis magni — o. Malaire, 
 Malae os, — o. Malare, Malae os — o. Maxillse 
 superioris undecimum. Vomer — o. Maxillaire 
 vnferieure, Collum mandibulae — o. Memento 
 mori. Temporal bone — o. Memoriae, Occipital 
 bone — 0. Mendosum, Temporal bone — o. Mor- 
 sus Adami, Thyroid cartilage — o. Muoronatum, 
 Xiphoid cartilage-^o-. Multangulum majus. Tra- 
 pezium 03 — 0. Multangulum minus, Trapezoi- 
 des OS — 0. Multiforme, Ethnioid, Sphenoid — o. 
 Nasaux, Nasal bones — o. Naviculare, Os sca- 
 phoides — o. Nervale/Teipporalbone — o. Nervo- 
 sum, Occipital bone— o.Occipiti, Occipital bone 
 — o.Orbiculare, Os pisiforme — o. du Palais, Pa- 
 late bone — o.Palati, Palate bone — o. Palatin, Pa- 
 late bone — o.Papillare, Sphenoi(l — o.Parietale in- 
 ferius,Temporal bone — o.Pectinis, Puljis, os — o. 
 Pectoris, Sternum — o. Pelvi.cephalicum, Occipi- 
 tal bone — o.PeJvislateTale,Innominatumos — o. 
 Perone, Fibiila— o. PetroBum,Temporal bone^ 
 o. Polymorphon, Sphenoid — o. de la Fommette, 
 Malae os — o. Posterumi Pharynx — o. Praeruptse 
 Tupi assimilatum. Temporal bone- — o. Procubi- 
 tale. Ulna-;— 0. Fropres du nez, Nasal bones — 
 o. Prorae, Occipital bone — o. Pudicum, Malffi os 
 — 0. Puppis, Frontal bone. Occipital bpne— o. 
 Pyramidale carpi^ Trapezoides os— o. Pyxidis, 
 Occipital bone-^. itationis, Frontal bone — o. 
 du Rayon, Radius — 0. Sacrum, Sacrum — o. 
 Saxeum, Temporal bone— o. Scutiforme, Patella 
 — o. Sedentaiiura', see Ischiatic^o. Semilunare, 
 Lunare os — o. Sextum cranii. Occipital bone^— 
 0. du Sinciput, Parietal bones, see Sinciput^ 
 o. Sous-ethmo'idal, Turbinated bone, inferior — 
 u. Sphaeno-basilare, Occipital bone — o. Sphe- 
 coides. Sphenoid — o. Sphenoidale, Sphenoid — 
 o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid — o. Spongiosum, Eth- 
 moid — 0. Spongiosum inferius. Turbinated bone, 
 inferior — o. Spongiosum medium, Turbinated 
 bone, middle — o. Spongiosum superjus, Turbi- 
 binated bone, middle. Turbinated bone, supe- 
 rior — o. Spongoides, Ethmoid — o. Squamosum, 
 Temporal bone — o. Suboculare, Malae os — o. 
 Susmaxillaire, Maxillary (superior) bone — o. 
 
 Surnumeraires, Wormiana ossa — o. Sylvii, Os 
 brbiculare — o. Temporis, Temporal bone — o. 
 Tessera, Cuboid — o. Thyreoides, Patella— o. 
 Tibis. minus, Fibula— o. Tincae, Os uteri — o, 
 Triatpgulaires,Wormiana ossa — o. Turbinatum, 
 Turbinated bone, middle — o. Turbinatuni infe- 
 rius. Turbinated bone, inferior — o. Uncinatum, 
 Os uncifornoe — o. Upsiloides, Hyoides os-h). 
 Varium, Cuboid— -o.-Vespiforme, Sphenoid — ^o. 
 Vomeris, Vomer — o.Tf^or*si«»s, Wormiana ossa 
 — 0. Xiphoides, Sternum — o. Ypseloides, Hyo- 
 ides os — 0. Zygomatioum, Malte OS. 
 
 Os U'teri, Os tinea, Protos'porbs, Os in- 
 ter'num, Os amiphid'eon seu wmphid'eum, Os'- 
 ekeon, Hysteros'toTna, Os'culum u'teri, Hystero- 
 stom'ium, Orijic'Hiwi u'ieri,' (F.) Museau de 
 Tanehe. The mouth ofthe Womb, see Uterus. 
 
 OSCEDO, Yawning.., 
 
 OSCH^MATOEDE'MA, Oschamdde'ma, 
 (Ede'ma scroti cruen'tum;fiom mro^inv, 'scro- 
 tum,' 'aifi a, ' blood,' and oiii)fia, ' oedema.' Ef- 
 fusion of blood into the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHiEMCEDEMA, Oschaematoedema. 
 
 OSCHE, Scrotum. 
 
 OSCHEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis. 
 
 OSCHEOCARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney- 
 sweepers.' 
 
 OSCHEOCE'LE, Oschoce'U, from otrg^tov, 
 fthe scrotum,' and mjM;, 'tumour;' Serptal 
 hernia, see Bubonocele. Saiivages uses it in 
 the sense of Dropsy of the scrotum, see Hydro- 
 cele. 
 
 Oscheocele Aquosa, Hydroscheocele — o. 
 Flatulenta, Physocele — o. Hydatidosa, Hyda- 
 tidocele — o. CEdematica, (Edematoscheocele — 
 o. Seminalis, Spermatocele — o.Urinalis,Urocele 
 — 0. Varicosa, Varicocele. 
 
 OSCHEON, Scrotum, Osuteri. 
 
 OSCHEON'CUS, Oschon'cus, OscheopKy'- 
 <ma, Osckophy'ma, from oag^sov, ' scrotum,' and 
 oynot, ' a tumour.^ A preternatural swelling of 
 the scrotijm. ' 
 
 ' OSCHEOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHEOPLA-S'TIC, Oscheoplas'tieus, from 
 offg^Eov, ' the scrotum,' and nXaa-c-ai, ' I form.' 
 An epithet given to the operation for restoring 
 the scrotum when lost. 
 
 OSCHEOPYQEDE'MA, Qsehopycede'ma, 
 (Ede'ma scroti piirulenltum. Purulent tume- 
 faction of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHEUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OS'CHION. The raised margin of the os 
 uteri. According to some, an excrescence from 
 the OS uteri. 
 
 0'S>OS\.''i\'&,0rchei'tis,0sehei'iis,Inflammui'- 
 tio scroti, from tiir;^^!)^, ' the scrotum,' and itis, 
 'inflammation.' Inflammation of the scrotum. 
 
 OSCHOCARCINOMA, . Cancer, chimney 
 sweepers'. 
 
 OSCHOCELp, Oscheocele. 
 
 OSCHONCUS, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
 
 OSCHOPYCEDEMA, Oscheopycedema. 
 
 OSCHURCEDE'MA; from os-^^sov, 'scrotum,' 
 ougov, 'urine,' and oi3i),Ka, 'cedema.' CEdema 
 from effusion of urine into the scrotum. 
 OSCHUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSCHYDRCEDE'MA, fromoo-x"'') ' scrotum,' 
 
 'vSmf, 'water,' and mdti/ia, 'CEdema;' CEdema 
 
 scroti aquo'sum. Watery csdema ofthe scrotum. 
 
 OSCILLATIO, Irritability, Oscillation. 
 
 OSCILLA'TION, Oscilla'tio; from oscillum, 
 
 I 'an image perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes, and 
 
OSCITANT, (FEVER) 
 
 611 
 
 OSTAGRA 
 
 Swung up and, down in the air j' Vibration, Vi. 
 bra'men, Vibra'tio, Vibra'tus, Also, a par- 
 tial rotatory movement of the eyeball to and 
 from its antero-ppsterior axis. 
 
 OS'CITANT, (FETEE,) F6bHs os'eitcms, 
 (F.) Fievre oscitante; from baeitare, ' to yawn.' 
 A. fever, in which the patient is continually 
 yawning. 
 
 OSCItATIO, Yawning. 
 
 OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis oris. ' 
 
 OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri. 
 
 OSCUS, Scrotum. 
 
 OSEILLB, Rumex acetosa^o. Boucher, 
 Rumex scutatus — o. Petite, Rumex scutatus — 
 u. Ronde, Rumex scutatus — o.-Rouge, Rumex 
 sanguineus. 
 
 OS'MAZOME, Os'moeomej Osmaso'ma, Os- 
 mdzo'ma, Zomod'tmim, (F.) Matiire extractive 
 du Bouillon; Extrac'tive of meat, Saponaceous 
 attract of meat; from oo-iki), ' smell,' and Cw^oj, 
 ' soup.' M. Th^nard gave this name to an 
 extractive matter, contained in muscular flesh 
 and in the blood of animals, which he considers 
 of a peculiar nature. It has an agreeable sinell 
 and taste, and is found in Bouillon's of meat, in 
 the proportion of one part to seven of gelatin. 
 Vauquelin discovered in it, some fungi. It is 
 the substance which gives the flavour of meat 
 to soups, and hence its name. 
 OSME, Odour. 
 OSMESIS, Olfaction, 
 
 OSMIDRO'SIS; froih ocr/tij, 'odour,' and 
 'lifatj 'sweat.' Perspiration of an unusual 
 odour. 
 OSMOMETRICUS SENSUS, Olfaction. 
 OSMONO'SI, Osmonvlsi, Marii olfac't&s ; 
 from oafttj, 'odour,' and voro;, 'a disease.' 
 Diseases of olfaction. 
 
 0SM0N0SOLOG"IA; from oc-fit,i 'odour,' 
 vnat!, ' disease,' and \iiyoc, ' description.' The 
 doctrine of, or a treatise on, the diseases of the 
 sense of smell. 
 
 OSMOZOME, Osmazome. 
 
 OSMUND, ROYAL, Osmunda regalis. 
 
 OSM-UN'DA REGA'LIS, FilixFlor'ida, Os- 
 mund-royal. Family, Filicqideae. This plant 
 was once thought to possess astringent and 
 emmenagogue virtues. ' 
 
 OSORON, Opium. , 
 
 OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactoty. 
 
 OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory. 
 
 OSPHRASIA, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPHRESIOL'OGY; Ospkresiolog'Ha; from 
 oa<fqriai!, 'odour,' and \o>-oc, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on olfaction and odours. 
 
 OSPHRESIS, Olfaction. 
 
 OSPHRETICUS, Olfactbry, 
 
 OSPHRIS'TICE, from M'^qnr,;, 'olfaction.? 
 The doctrine of the phenomena of odours. 
 
 OSPHYALGEMA, Cbxalgia. 
 
 OSPHYALGIA, Coxaflgia. 
 
 OSPHYARTHRITIS, Osphyitis. 
 
 OSPHYARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
 
 OSPHYFTIS, Osfhy'tis, Osphyarthn'tis, 
 Iriflamvma'tio coxa, from oer^uc, 'the hip,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the parts about the hip. 
 
 OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
 
 OSPHYS, Lumbi. 
 
 OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis. 
 
 OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones -o. 
 Convolute inferiora. Turbinated bones, inferior 
 —0. Digitorum manus, Phalanges of the fingers 
 
 — 0. Digitorum pedis. Phalanges of the toes — o. 
 Epactalia, Wormiana ossa — o. MaxilloB superi- 
 oris quarta ieu quinta seu secunda. Nasal bones 
 — 0. Nasalia, Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones 
 — 0. Nervalia, Parietal bones-r-o. Pisiformia 
 lingualia, see Hyoides os-^o. Raphogeminantia, 
 Wormiana ossa — o.Sesamoidea, Sesamoid -bones 
 — 0. Sincipitis, Parietal bones — o'. Spongiosa, 
 Turbinated bones — o. Suturarum, Wormiana 
 ossa — 0. Tertia maxillffi superioris. Turbinated 
 bones — o. Tetragona, Parietal bones-^o. Trian- 
 gularia. Sphenoidal cornuar— o. Triangularia 
 Blasii,Wormiana ossa' — o.Triquetra, Wormiana 
 ossa — '0. Turbinata, Turbinated bones— *o. Vpr- 
 ticalia. Parietal bones. 
 
 OSSELETS SE L'OREILLE, Ossicrxla 
 auditos; 
 
 OSSEOUS, Os'seus, Osto'des, OstoVdes, (F.) 
 Ossfux; iiom OS,' ahone.' Bony. Eesembling 
 bone. 
 
 O S S I C U L A, see Ossiculum. 
 
 Ossio'ULA AuDi'TUS, Ossic'ula Auris, (Fi) 
 Osselets de Voreille, Oi de I'ouie. The small 
 bones situate in the cavity of the tympanum, 
 and forming an uninterrupted chain from the 
 membrane of the tympanum to that of the 
 fenestra Ovalis. ' They are four in number ; and 
 their series, from without to within, is as fol- 
 lows, Malleus, Incus, Os orldculare. Stapes, 
 
 OssiouLA Beetini, Sphenoidalia cornua — o. 
 Innominata, Innominata minora ossa — o. Nasi, 
 Nasal bones — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones. 
 
 OSSICULUM, (plural Ossic'ula,) Osta'rion. 
 Diminutive of os, a bone. A small bone. See 
 
 Os. r . 
 
 OssiCTiLUM Cochleare, Orbicular bone^-o. 
 Incudi Comparatum,. Incus — o. Malleolo assi-. 
 milatum. Malleus --o. Molari denti, compara- 
 tum. Incus — ^bi Orbiculare, Orbicular bone— o. 
 Quartum, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Or- 
 bicular bone. 
 
 OSSIFICA'TION, Ossijica'tio; from os, « a 
 bone,? and /acerc, ' tomake.;' Osteogen'ia, Os- 
 teogen'esis, Osteo'sis, Osto'sis. Formation of 
 bones. Development, or increase of the os- 
 seous system. Ossification takes placTe in the 
 same manner as the nutrition of other organs. 
 The bones are, at first, mueous, jnd afterwards 
 cartilaginous;- the cartilage, at length, receives 
 the phosphate of lime, and is, at the same time, 
 replaced by a gelatinous, parenchyma, when 
 the bone has acquired the "whole of its deve- 
 lopmfent. 
 
 .OssiFicAiroN, Points of, Punci/a seu Nu'clei 
 ossificatio'nis. Nuclei ossei, are the points where 
 the ossification of a bone commences, whence 
 it extends to other parts. Almost all the bones 
 present a gi^eater or less number of points of 
 ossification. Besides the natural ossification, 
 which we observe in the foetus and, in the first 
 periods of life, there are also acciden'tal ossifi- 
 cations, such as those frequently remarked after 
 the inflammation of serous membranes, in the 
 parietes of arteries, and to which the terms 
 Osthex'ia, Tncrusta'tion, and Petrifac'tion have, 
 sometimes, been applied. 
 
 OSSIFRAGA, Osteocolla. 
 
 OSSIS SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx. 
 
 OSSISANA, Osteocolla. 
 
 OSSIV'OROUS, from os, 'a bone,' and voro, 
 ' I devour.' A species of tumour, mentibne'd 
 by Ruysch, which destroys bone. 
 
 OS'TAGRAjOi'ieograjfrom o»^t«ov, ' a bone,' 
 
OSTALGIA 
 
 612 
 
 OSTREUM 
 
 and oygO) ' seizure.' ,A forceps to cut or remove 
 portions of bone. j . 
 
 OSTALGIA, .Osteocopus. '■ 
 
 OSTALGI'TIS, Osti'tis, Ostei'tis,. from 
 o^TEOVy ^a bone,' and itis, Inflamvrria'tio Ossis* 
 Inflammation of bone ; characterized by violent 
 shooting and lancinating pains in the bone. 
 
 OSTARIUM, Ossiculum. 
 
 OSTARTHRITIS, Arthrophiogosis. 
 
 OSTARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa. 
 
 OSTEAGRA, Ostagra. ' 
 - OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus. 
 
 OSTEITES, Osteocolla. ; 
 
 OSTEITIS, Ostalgftis. , . ' ' 
 
 OSTEMPYE'SIS,. Osteempye'sis, Ostempyo'- 
 sis, from ofrtov, 'a bone,' and s^Trutjirt;, •' effu- 
 sioff'pf pus'.' An abscess in the interior of a 
 bone. ■ , . 
 
 OSTEMPYOSIS, Ostempyesis. 
 
 OSTEOCE'LE, from o^rsov, « a bone,' (and 
 xiiiti,' 'aj tumour.' A hernia in which' the sac 
 is cartilaginous and boijy : — a rare case. Also, 
 osseous induration of one'or both testicles. 
 
 OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture. 
 
 OSTpOCOL'LA, from oj-teov, 'a hone,' and 
 y.o'?.?,a, 'glue;' Glue-bone, Stone or hone hinder, 
 Ossifraga, Solos'teus, Ossisa'na, Ostri'i&s, Os^ 
 tei'tes, Amos'teus,Osteol'ithoslStelochi'tes. A 
 name given to a petrified carbonate of lime, 
 found in some parts of Germany and other por- 
 tions of the globe ; so called, because it has been, 
 supposed to possess the power of favouring the 
 formation of callus in fractures. It is the. Chaust 
 carbonatee concretionnee Zncrustante of HaUy. 
 Not used. 
 
 OSTEOCOPUS, Ostedl'gia, Ostalgia, Os- 
 tmdyn'ia, from oittsov, ' a bone,' and xonis^ 
 'fatigue.' lAn epithet given to pains. felt iii 
 bones, which are commonly owing to constitu- 
 tional syphilis. 
 
 OSTEODYNIA, Osteocopus. 
 
 OSTEOGANGR^NA, Necrosis. , i 
 
 OSTEOGENIA, Ossification. 
 
 OSTEOG'RAPHY, Osteografphia, from ot- 
 reov, ' a bone,' and y^aiftiv, ' to describe;' De- 
 scription of the bones. The part of anatomy 
 ■which describes the bones. 
 
 OSTEOLITJIOS, Osteocolla. 
 
 OSTEOL'OGY, Osteolog"ia, from oq-T8»r, ' a 
 bone,' and i'yc, ' a discourse.' The .part of 
 anatomy which- treats of bones. 
 
 OSTEOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACIA, Mollifies ossium— o.In- 
 fantum, Rachitis. 
 
 OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollities ossium. 
 
 OSTEON, Bone— 0. Hieron, Sacrum. 
 
 OSTEON'CUS, from og-Tsoy, '.a bone,' and 
 oyTi-of, 'a tumour.' A bony tumour. , 
 
 OSTE'ONECROSISj Necrosis. ^ 
 
 OSTEON'OSI, Osteonu'si, from oo-tjoi', 'a 
 bone,' and \(i<Taq, 'a disease;' Mor'bi os'sium. 
 Diseases, of the bones. ' 
 
 0STE0P.a:DI0N, Lithopaedion. 
 
 OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oirriov, 'a 
 bone,' na\bv, 'again,' knd KXatrig, 'fracture.' 
 The breaking again of a bone which has united 
 unfavourably. 
 
 OSTEOPHYMA, Osteoncus. 
 
 OSTEOPHYTA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTEOPLEU'RIA, JPleurosto'sis; from oo- 
 rhf, ' a bone,' and n-Xeugov, 'a rib.' Ossifica- 
 tion of the cartilages of the ribs. i 
 
 OSTEOPORO'SIS, from oo-Ttoi-, 'a bone,' 
 
 and 7/a^atri;, ' induration.' , Induration of . a 
 bone, from the deposition of too much bony 
 matter. '. ■ 
 
 OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium. 
 
 OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Osteo-sarco'sis, Sar- 
 costo'sis, Hmmatexosto'sis, from aa^reav, 'bone,' 
 and o-ajS, 'flesh.'' Disease of the bony tissue, 
 which consists in softening of its laminae, and 
 their transformation into a fleshy substance, 
 analogous to that, of Cancer, and which is ac- 
 companied with genei'al symptoms of cancer- 
 ous affection. The word has often, also, been 
 used -synoriymously with spina ventosa. 
 
 OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
 
 OSTEOSIS, Ossification. 
 . OSTEO-STEATO'M;a, Exosio'sis steatoma- 
 to'des, ti(im,oirriov, 'a bone,' and o-Ttsig, 'suet or 
 fat.' A name given to bony tumours or ,dege- 
 nerations, which sometimes belong to osteo-sar- 
 coma; at others to spina ventosa,' exostosis, &Cj 
 
 OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotpviis'ta ;■ same ety- 
 mon as the next. An instrument, invented by 
 Dr. D. Davis, for cutting- the bones of the foe- 
 tal Craniumi where it becomes necessary to 
 greatly reduce the size of the head in parturi- 
 tion. 
 
 OSTEOT'OMY, O.steotom'ia, from otrrtov, ' a 
 bone,' and tsjivsiv, f to cut.' The part of prac- 
 tical anatomy whose object is the dissection of 
 bones. ' t 
 
 OSTEOTOPHUS,, Tophus. 
 
 OSTEOTYLUS, Callus. 
 
 OSTEULCUM, Bone nippers. ■ 
 
 OS'TEUM, Bone. 
 
 OS.THEXIA, see Ossification. 
 
 OSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTIOLUM, from oo-rsov, ' a mouth or open- 
 ing.' A small door or gate. 
 . OsTioLA Cordis, Valvula cordis, Fellic'ula 
 cOr«fj*. - The valves of the heart. 
 
 OSTITIS, Ostalgitis. - 
 
 OS'TIUM, Orific"iii/ik,% door or gate, — of 
 the heart, for example. The opening between 
 the auricle and vent^-icle of each side; Os'tium 
 verw'svm, that of the right side; Os'tium arte- 
 rio'sUm, that of the left. j ■ j 
 
 Ostium Abdominale, see Tube, Fallopian — 
 0. Internum, see Ostium. uteri.' 
 
 Ostium U'teei. The vulva; the vagina. 
 The term Os'tium inter'ntim, has been applied 
 to the inferior^opening of the uterus, which es- 
 tablishes a free' communication between, thfe 
 cavities of the body and neck, and which is 
 often obliterated in old wbmen. — Cruveilheir. 
 The neck of the uterus ; the mouth of the uterus. 
 
 Ostium UterJmum, See Tube, Fallopian — ^^o. 
 Ventriculi DUodenale seu Pyloricum seu Dex- 
 ttum seu Inferius, Pylorus. 
 
 OSTODES, Bony. 
 
 OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth; 
 
 OSTOIDES, Bony. 
 
 OSTOMA, Exostosis. 
 
 OSTOSIS, Ossification. 
 
 OS'TREA, Os'treii/in, (F.) . Huitre. The 
 oyster. The oyster is a wholesome, article of 
 diet, often advised as analeptic and easy of di- 
 gestion. 
 
 The shells, Testa Os'tna, Testa, (Ph. U. S.) 
 (F.) jSeailles d'huUres, have been received into 
 the Pharmacopoaias, and used medicinally. 
 Their virtues are similar to those of the carbo- 
 nate of lime. See Greta. 
 
 OSTREUM, Ostrea. 
 
OSTRITES 
 
 613 
 
 OURAQUE 
 
 OSTEITES, Osteocolla. 
 OSTRUTHIDM, Impera.toTia. 
 OSYRIS, Antiiliiniim linaria. 
 OTACOUS'TIC, Otacous'ticus ; ixom 6y!,< 
 coTOf, ' the ear,' and axouu, ' I listep.' Any in- 
 strument is so called which improves the sense 
 of hearing-, — as the different species of trum- 
 pets. ' ■ 
 OTAGRA, Otalgia. 
 
 OTAL'GIAj. Oj'agTO, Otod'yne,,{iom out, 
 oTOf, « tlie ear,' and a,Kyos , ' pS,m.' Pain in the 
 ear; Dolor au'rium, Spa^'mus au'rium, Ear- 
 aohe. See Otitis. 
 
 OTAL'GIC, Otal'gieus^' An epithet for re- 
 medies used in otalgia. 
 
 OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoplas'ta, Otoplas'- 
 trtim, from ovg, 'the eatj' and EU7ii«ffTgov, 
 ' a plaster.' A plaster put behind the ears. 
 
 OTEN;CHYTES, 'Oten'chyta, from avq, mtoc, 
 'the Qar,' El', 'into,' and ;fi/a, 'Lponr.' Sypho 
 auricitla'ris. A species, of syringe, used for 
 injecting the ear. 
 
 OTHELCO'.SIS, from ot?, w-rof, 'the ear,' 
 and 'fjxwoic, ' ulceration.' Ulceration or sup- 
 puration of the ear, 
 
 OTHONE, Liuteum. 
 
 OTHONION, Linteum. 
 
 OTHYGROTES, Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTIATER,"Aurist. 
 
 OTIATRI'A, Otiat'rice, from out, aro?, 'the 
 ear,' and itagtia, ' medicine.' The business of 
 the aurist. The management of diseases of 
 the 'ear. 
 
 OTIATRICE, Otiatria. 
 ■ OTIATRUS, Aurist. ' ' , 
 
 O'TICUM,' from ouf , bto?, ' the eSr.' A me- 
 dicine employed in diseases of the ear. 
 
 Oticum Ganglion^ Qtogan'gliiim", Gang'lion 
 auHcula're^ Otic ganglioii, Aiiric'ulat ganglion, 
 (F.) Ganglion- maxiUortympanique, This is a 
 small ganglion, although more than double the 
 size of the ophthalmic, ash-coloured and pulpy 
 like the ganglions of the sympathetic. It is situate 
 in /advance of the ' ganglion of Gasser, on the 
 lower surface of the infeirior maxillary nerve, 
 at the innet margin of the foramen ovale of the 
 sphenoid bone. ■ See Petrous ganglipij. - 
 
 t>TIRRH(E'A, Otorrhce'a, Othj/'grotes,Blen- 
 notorrhm'a, (F.) Catarrhs de I'or^eille, from 
 ouf, 'thq ear,' and gsm, 'I flow.' Discharge of 
 a purulent or purifojm liquid, Pyorrhce'a au'- 
 rium, Otopyorrhm'a, Pyo-otorrhcs'a, Otorrha'a^ 
 purulen'ta, from the meatus audilorius exter- 
 nus. It is a symptom of chronic otitis. Some 
 authors have, indeed, used the' term synony- 
 mously with chronic otitis. When it extends 
 to the brain, it is termed cer'ebral otor.rha'a ; 
 and when from the middle or. internal ear, it is 
 termed internal otorrhaa, Otorrhce'a inter'na, 
 a.nd:EntotorrhcBfa'. 
 
 Otiekhosa, Cerebral, see Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTITES, see Digitus. 
 
 OTI'TIS, Otophleg'mone, Empres'ma otitis, 
 Inflamma'tio auris. Inflammation of the ear, 
 (F.) Inflammation de I'oreille. Inflammation 
 of the mucous membrane of the ear, character- 
 ized by excruciating painj intolerable hum- 
 . ming in the ear, with a discharge of mucus ge- 
 nerally froni the meatus externus or from the 
 Eustachian. tube. When the inflammation is 
 restricted to the lining membrane of the mea- 
 tus, it is termed otitis catarrha'lis. Otitis is 
 
 divided into external or internal, according as 
 it affeets the meatus auditorius, or the cavity 
 of the tympanum or internal ear. It may be 
 acitte or chronic. Acute otitis commonly ter- 
 minates in a few days in, a favourable manner, 
 with the aid of antiphlogistics. Chronic otitis, 
 otirxha'a, is alnidst always accompanied by 
 a purulent discharge from tlie meatus audi- 
 torius. It is often incurable, and may ulti- 
 mately give occasion to disease! of the internal 
 ear, and even of the brain. 
 
 Otitis Cataerhalis, see Otitis. 
 
 O'TIUM, Ota'riim,, from ouc, wto?, 'the ear.' 
 A small ear. The auriclp or pavilion oflthe ear. 
 
 OTOCEPH'ALUSjiWoWiJa, from out, 1UT05, 
 'the' ear,' and x8?>»ii),- ' head.^ A monster, 
 whose ears are in contact, or united into one. 
 
 OTOCONIES, see. Otolithi. 
 
 OTODYNE, Otalgia. 
 
 OTOGLYPHIS, Earpick. 
 
 o'TOGLYPHUM, Earpick. 
 
 OT:OG''B.KPRY,Otogra'phia, from out, ojtos, 
 ' the ear,' and /?«?», ' a description.' The part 
 of anatomy which describes the ear. 
 
 OTOL'ITHI, (F.) t)tolithes, from iv!, bto;, 
 'the ear,' aiid Aieop, 'a stone.' White calca- 
 reous substances contained in the membranous 
 vestibule, and seeming to,be suspended in the 
 fluid of the vestibule by means of a .number of 
 nervous filaments proceeding from the auditory 
 nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of 
 the mammalia would- seem to show that they 
 are'inservientto' audition. When of a looser 
 consistence, they-are called Otocon'ia, (F .) Oto- 
 conies, from' miq, 'the ear,' and-xovi*, ' dust.' 
 
 OTOL'OGY, Otolog"ia, from o«c, oiTot, ' the 
 ear,' and \")'»j,,'a discourse.' The part of 
 anatomy which treats of the ear. An anatomi- 
 cal treatise on the ear. 
 , OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy. 
 ( OTOP' ATHY, Otopathi'ai Otopathe' ma, from 
 out, «T"t,,' the ear,' and ra6oc,;'fi disease.' A 
 
 diseased condition of the ear. 
 
 OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis. 
 ' OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum. 
 
 OTOPLAS'TICE, from, oi/f, uros, « the ear,' 
 and nXaarnLOf, 'forming.' Tbe operation for 
 restoring a lost ear. 
 
 OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum. 
 
 OTOPYORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
 
 OTORRHAG'IA; from out, larH, 'the ear,' 
 and gayrj, ' rupture.' Bleeding from tlie ear or 
 ears. 
 
 OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, frpm "««, t»T„t, 
 ' the ear,' and jsuiiano-inoc, ' rheumatism ;' Otal'- 
 gia rhetimat'ica. 'Rtieumatic ear-ache. 
 
 OTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea— o. Cerebral, see 
 Otirrhcea — o. Interna, see Otirrhoea— ;-o. Puru- 
 lenta; Otirrhcea.' 
 
 OTOSCOP'IUM, from out; oirof, 'the ear,' 
 and crzojTi), 'examination.' An instrument for 
 examining the condition of the external ear. ' 
 
 OTOT'OMY, Ototom'ia, from ouf, mroc, 'the 
 e&x^ and Tj^irsiv, ' to cut.' The part of prac- 
 tical anatomy 'tvhich teaches the mode of dis-, 
 secting and preparing the ear. 
 
 OULA, GingivEB. 
 
 OULE, Cicatrix. 
 
 OUNCE, TJn'cia.' A weight equal to the 
 16th part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a 
 pound troy. It is composed of 8 drachms. See 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 OURAQUE, Urachus. 
 
OUREMA 
 
 614 
 
 OXALIC ACID 
 
 OUEEMA, Urine. 
 
 dURLES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea. 
 
 OURON, Urine. 
 
 OUS, Ear. 
 
 OUTRE ME;R, Lapis lazuli. 
 
 OUVERTURE' CASAV^RIQUE,' Autop- 
 sia cadaverica. 
 
 OVA NABOTHI, Nabothi glandul^.. . 
 
 OVAL, Ova'lis, O'd'des, -Odi'des, Ova'tus, 
 from ovum, 'an egg.' Egg-shaped, elliptic. 
 That which is round and oblong lilce an egg. 
 
 Ovale 'Fos.AUEt!, Foramen ffo'des, (F.) Troa 
 ovale. The foramen obturatorium ; also, the 
 foramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, 
 which opens into the vestibule; and the fora- 
 men in the sphenoid bone, through which the 
 third branch of the fifth pair issues from the 
 cranium. 
 
 OvALis Fossa, Val'vula seu Yestig"ium Fo- 
 ram'inis ovalis, is a depression observed in the 
 right auricle of the heart, on the septum, which 
 separates it from the left auricle. It has thick 
 and. strong edges, at its upper and fore part, 
 called Colum'nce fortmi'inis ova'lis, Isthmus 
 seu An'Ttmlus VieusSfi'nii seu An'fiy,lus fossx 
 ovalis : in the foetus called An'nulus foraTn'inis 
 vel fossx ova'lis. The fossa ovalis, in the 
 adult, replaces"'the inter-auricular aperture in 
 the septum, which, in the ftetus, is called fora- 
 men oval&,(¥.y Trou ovale, Trou de Botal.' 
 
 OVA'RIAN, Ova'rialjOvaria'nus, from ova- 
 rium, ' the ovary.' Relating to the ovary — as 
 Ovarian pregnancy. 
 
 OvAEiAN Arteby, Spermatic artery-'-o. 
 Nerves, Spermatic plexus of, nerves — o. Preg- 
 nancy, see Pregnancy, ovarian- — o. Veins, 
 Spermatic veins^-o. Vesicles, FoUiculiGraa- 
 fiani. 
 
 OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy. , 
 
 O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon. Those 
 physiologists who think that the phenomena of 
 generation, in the human species and in every 
 species of animal,- result from the development 
 <rf the ova or ovula of the /emale, merely in- 
 cited by the male. Not mkny of the physiolo- 
 gists of the present day can be classed among 
 theovarists. 
 
 OVARITIS, Oaritis. 
 
 OVA'RIUM. Same etymon. . The O'vary, 
 Testis mulie!hris, T. femneus, Oa'rion, Ooph'- 
 oron, Gynoa'riwm, Yesica'riwm, (F.)' Ovaire. 
 The ovaries are the organs in which the ova 
 are formed in oviparous animals. By analogy, 
 the name has been given to the organs which 
 the ancients called the testicles of the female. 
 They are two ovoid bpdies, almost as large as 
 the testicles in men, placed on each side of the 
 uterus, between the Fallopian tube and round 
 ligam'pnt, and in the substance of the broad 
 ligament. Their outer extremity gives attach- 
 ment to one of the projectionsof the fimbriated 
 extremity of the Fallopian tube; and the inter- 
 nal is fixed to the uterus by a small ligamen- 
 tous cord, called Ligamen'tiim rotun'dum ova'- 
 rii. , The ovaries are composed of a very close, 
 spongy texture — stroma, — and of small vesi- 
 cles filled with a clear fluid ; these vesicles con- 
 tain ovules, which detach themselves from the 
 ovarium before aftd after fecundation, and are 
 carried into the cavity of the uterus by the Fal- 
 lopian tube. 
 
 OvABruM TuMiDUM, Oarioncus — o. Nabothi, 
 Nabothi glandnlae. 
 
 OVATUS,.OvaU 
 
 OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
 OVICAPSULE, see FoUiculi Graafiani. 
 
 , OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS, > Tuba Falli 
 piaoa. 
 
 OVIPARIT&, see Oviparous. 
 
 OVIP/AROUS, Ovip'arus; from ^vum, 'i 
 egg,' and pa'rio, ' I bring forth.' An epith 
 applied to animals which- are hatched from egj 
 outside of the body. The coriditidp may 1 
 termed Oviparousness, (F.) Oviparite. S( 
 Generation. , 
 
 OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous. 
 
 OVISAC, see FoUiculi Graafiani. 
 
 OVISTS, Ovarists. 
 
 OVOLOGY, Oologia. 
 
 OVO-ViyiP'AROUS, from bviim, 'an egg 
 vivus, 'living,' and parere, 'to bring Yorth 
 Oviparous animals, whose ova are hatchc 
 within the mother,-:-vipers, for example. Se 
 Generation. 
 
 OfULA GRAAFIANA, FoUiculi Graafiai 
 — 0. , Nabothi, Nabbthiglandulse. . . 
 
 OVULATION ; from dvulum, diminutive ( 
 oviimy'a.n egg.' The formation of ova in th 
 ovary, and the' discharge of the sariie. Spoi 
 TAKEOus Ovulation, (F.)" Ovulation spontc 
 nee, is the spontaneous formation and diseharg 
 of ova which takes place in the female :Qf th 
 mammalia. See Heat. 
 
 OVULINE, Decidua reflexa. 
 
 O'VULUM, O'vule; diminutive of ovum,, ' a 
 egg.' A sn)all egg. That which has ,the aj 
 pearance of a small egg. . See Ovum. > 
 
 OVUM, aion, Oon, an egg. The eggs of pou! 
 try are chiefly used as food. The diiferer 
 parts are, likewise, emplpyed in medicine. ' Th 
 shell, Auran'cv/m, Auran'tv/m^ (F.) Coqite d^auj 
 Coquille d'cBuf, calcined, is esteemed an al 
 sorbent. The Ot7 of the egg is emollient, an 
 is used, externally, to burns and -chaps. Th 
 TTolk of the egg — Vitel'ltim seu Vitel'lus ovi- 
 renders oils, &c., miscible with water. Egg! 
 when lightly boiled, are easy of digestion ,•• bul 
 when very hard-boiled or fried, they are mop 
 rebellious. 
 
 In Pharmacy, white of egg, ,which consist 
 chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying syrups 
 &c. Yolk of egg, (F.) Jaime d'muf, beaten u; 
 with warm water and sugar, and aromatize, 
 with orange-flower water, forms an emulsion 
 which is emollient, and known under the nami 
 Lait de poule or chicken's milk. 
 
 Anatomists give the name Ova^, O'vula 
 Ovules, (F.) (Enfs,lo round vesicles, contain 
 ing a humour similar to the white of egg, whicl 
 are situate in the ovaries of the female, and, whei 
 fecundated, constitute the rudiments of the fcEtus 
 During gestation, the embryo and its envelopinj 
 membranes retain the name Ovum, (F.)" fEuJ 
 The changes induced in the mammalia after im 
 pregnation greatly resemble those in the bird. 
 
 Ovum, Testicle — b. Hystericum, isee Clavui 
 hystericus. ' 
 
 OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxa 
 late of. 
 
 OXALAT'lC, Oaalat'icus. Relating to oxa 
 lates: hence Oxalat'ic Diath'esis is the habit o 
 body which favours the formation and deposi 
 tion of oxalates from the urine. 
 
 OXAL'IC ACID, Acidum oxcdi'num. A, sac 
 ehari'num,A. hydro-carhon'icttm, A. acctosel'lce 
 A. oxal'iczim, Acidum sac'chari, Add of sugar 
 
OXALIDE 
 
 615 
 
 OXYGEN 
 
 Acid of sorrel,. Ca/honous add, from o|a\<f, 
 ' sorrel.' An acid found in sorrel. It crystal- 
 lizes in long, colourless, quadrangular prisms, 
 and is generally found, in nature, united with 
 lime or potassa. ^It has been proposed, in.a di- 
 luted . state, as a refrigerant, but it is unneces- 
 sary; and, besides, in quantity, it is a virulently 
 acrid poison. It is largely employed for clean- 
 ing boot tops ; and, as it strongly resembles (the 
 sulphate of magnesia, has often been taken 
 for it. Several fatal cases are, indeed, on re- 
 cord. For itsantidotes, &c., see Poison. 
 ' OXALIDE, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXALIS ACET6SA,_Rumex acetosa. 
 Ox'alis Acetosel'la. " The systematic name 
 "of the Woodsorrel, Cuciowbread, Sour Trefoil,- 
 White Sorrel, Moitntain. Sorrel, Trifo'lium aee- 
 to'sum, Oxitriphyl'lum, I/iijula, Allelu'ja,AcetO' 
 ael'la, Oxyphyl' Ion, Oxytriphyllon, Pcmis eu'- 
 euli, (F.) Surelle, Oxalide, Pain a. Covcou, Al- 
 leluia. Family, Geraniae. SeaJv Syst. Decaudria 
 Decagynia. This plant has a gratefully acid 
 taste, and is used in salads. It has been es- 
 teemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and diuretic. 
 Qi^ALis TuBERo'sA, Oca. A tuberous 
 plant, whose oval-shaped root is used as food by 
 tbe Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish 
 taste, and is much liked. 
 
 OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of. 
 OXAL'MB, from oScs, ' acid,' and 'ah,' salt.' 
 A mixture of vinegar and salt. , 
 
 OXALURIA, Urine, oxalic. J 
 OXELjE'ON, from olus, 'acid,' and iMiov, 
 ' oil.' A mixture of vinegar and oil, used as a. 
 condiment. 
 OX EYE, Helenium autumnale. 
 OX GALL, BileoftJieOx. 
 OXID, Oxyd. 
 , OXIDATION, Oxyd. 
 OXIDE, Oxyd. 
 OXIDUM, Oxyd. 
 
 OXI'NES, o^ivtj;, r(3ivqf,) from olut, ' acid.' 
 Wine already sour, but not yet vinegar. 
 OXITRIPaYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXODES, Acidulous. 
 OXOIDES, Acidulous. 
 OXOS, Aceticum acidum. 
 OXYA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 OXYESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis. 
 , OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia. 
 OXYBAPHION, see Acetabulum. 
 OXYBOL'IA, from o|t/f, ' quick,' and (9oiij, 
 ' ejection.' Too rapid emission of sperm. 
 OXYCANTHA, Mespilus pxyacantha. 
 Oxyoan'tha G&us'Nl,Ser'beris,Ber'6eris vul- 
 ga'ris. Spina ae"ida,'. Crespi'nus., (F.) Mpine 
 vinette, Vifiettief. Paimily Berberideee. Sex. 
 Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. TheBdr'terry. 
 The fruit of the berries. Barberries, Pip- 
 peridges, is gratefully acidj and moderately as- 
 tringent. By preparing an alcoholic extract of 
 ' the root and adding water to it, a pulverulent 
 brown substance is thrown down, which, when 
 dissolved in alcohol and evaporated, yields the 
 bitter p:rinciple, Berberin, which is an excellent 
 stomachic in the dose of 2, 5, or 10 grains. 
 
 The American Barberry, Ber'beris Canaden'- 
 
 sis, Fipperidge Bush, SowSerry, differs slightly 
 
 from the European. It flourishes on mountains 
 
 and hilly districts from Canada to Virginia. 
 
 OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
 
 OXTCRATE, Oxycra'tum,fxom o^uf, ' acid,' 
 
 and x{«ai, «I mixj' Posca, Pkusca. A mix- 
 ture of vinegar and yifater ; frequently, used in 
 medicine as a refrigerant and antiseptic. 
 
 .OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from 
 0?!/;, 'acid,' and x^oxoc, 'saffron.' A plaster, 
 composed of saffron, pitch, colophony, yellow 
 wax, turpentine, galbanum, gum armno^viae, 
 myrrh, olibanum, and mastic. It was employed 
 as a strengthening plaster. 
 ^ OXYCUH, Oxygen. 
 
 OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'- 
 idum, from oSus, ' acid.' A combination, not 
 acid, of a simple body with oxygen. 
 - OXYDA'TION, Oxyda'tio, Qxida'tion, Oxy- 
 gena'tion. - The action'of oxydizing abody ; that 
 is, of combining it with oxygen ; a combination 
 from which results an oxyd. 
 
 OXYDE, Oxyd. 
 
 Oxyde, Gy^tio. A species of urinary cal- 
 culus, having the shape of confused, yellowish, 
 semi-transpar.ent, insipid, very hard' crystals. 
 When distilled, it furnishes subcarbonate of am- 
 monia, like all azoted matters. It dissolves in 
 the nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acids. 
 
 OXYDE D'ANtlMOINE SULFITE^, 
 Oxydum stibii sulphuratum. 
 
 OXYX>F,B.'ClA,Oxydor'eia, Visus a'cies, from 
 o|ut, 'quick,' and iegxeo-fei, 'tosee.' Sliarp- 
 ness of vision. 
 
 OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ees, from,o|uc, 
 ' sharp,' and Jsjua, 'I see.' A medicine which 
 sharpens the sight. , 
 
 OXYDORCIA, Oxydercia. 
 
 OXYDUM, Oxyd — o. Antimonii cum phos- 
 phate calcis, Antimonial powder.. 
 
 0:!OrDUM Feeri Nigrum, Ferri ox'idum ni- 
 grum, Black oxyd .of iron. The scales, which 
 fall from iron, when heated, consist of iron, 
 combined with oxygen. They have been used 
 like the chalybeates in general. 
 
 OxYDTiM Ferrioum Crystallizatum Nati- 
 VDM, Haematites-^o. Hydrargyri completum, 
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — o. Hydrargyri- 
 cum, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — b. Hydrar- 
 gyricum praeparatum', Hydrargyri oxydum cine- 
 reum— 0. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum. ;' , , , 
 
 OxYDTiM Stibii Sulphur a 'tum, Hepar amti- 
 mo'nii. Crocus tnetaUoWum^ Crocus antimo'nii, 
 J(F.) Oxyde d'antimoine sulfure, Foie d'Anti- 
 moine. This was formerly exhibited, in the 
 cure of fevers, but it is now rarely employed. 
 
 OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis. 
 
 OXYG'ALA, from oiuc, 'sour,' and yala., 
 'milk.' Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'num, 
 Caracos'mos, is reckoned amongst the delica- 
 cies of the Tartars. 
 
 OXYG'ARON, from oSuc, 'acid,' and yag"; 
 ' garuni.' A composition of garum and vinegar. 
 
 OX'YGEN, Oxygen'ium, Empy'real air, Pure 
 air. Vital air,Dephlogis'tieated air, Oxyg"enes, 
 Ox'ycum, Princip'ium oxyg''enans seu oxyge- 
 netyicum seu acid'ijicans seu ac"idu'm, Elemen'- 
 tum acidificum, (F.) Oxygine, Air du feu; 
 from o^us, ' acid,' and yin-^fiai, ' I engender,' that 
 is, generator of adds ; and such it was iDclieved 
 to be, exclusively, at the period when the name 
 was given to it. This is now known not to be 
 the case. Oxygen is largely distributed in na- 
 ture. It exists in the air, in water, in several 
 acids, in all the oxyds, and in vegetable and 
 , animal substances, &c. It is obtained by de- 
 composing the peroxyd of manganese or the 
 
OXYGENATION 
 
 616 
 
 OZONE 
 
 chlorate of potassa by heat in close vessels. 
 Although oxygen, in\ the state of admixture in 
 which it is found in the atmosphere, is of vital 
 importance, it cannot be respired in a pure state 
 ■with impunity. Animals' die in it long before 
 the whole of the oxygen is consumed. The 
 properties of oxygen seem to be stimulant. It 
 increases the force and velocity of the pulse, 
 and has, accordingly, been used in cases of 
 chronic debility, chlorosis, asthrna, scrofula, 
 dropsy, paralysis, &c. It requires to be diluted 
 w^thfrom 10 to 'iO parts of atmospheric air; 
 one to two quarts being given during the day. 
 OXYGENATION, Oxydation. 
 OXYGkNE, Oxygen. 
 
 OKTGiNkSESi A name given by Baumes 
 to diseases which he attributed to disordered 
 oxygenfition. 
 
 OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia. 
 OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'liees, from o%vs, ' acid,' 
 Snd yXvxm, 'sweet;' Mulsa acida, Ace-'timi 
 mulsum dulci. ■ Prepared by macerating and 
 boiling honey-comb (from which the greater 
 part of the honey has been taken) in water,^nd 
 adding vinegar. , An Oxymel. 
 OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus. , 
 OX' YIVIEL, Apom'eli, Mel aceta'tum, from 
 o|i/5, 'acid,' and it.i\i, 'honey.' Honey and 
 vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. 
 Oxymel jiEaus^NiSi Linimentum ^ruginis. 
 Oxymel Col'chici, O'xymel of meadow saf- 
 fron, (F.) Oxymel colchique. (Rad. colch. re- 
 cent, in laminas tennes sectes ^j, aceti destillofti 
 fijj, mellis. desjiumat. pond. itij. Macerate in 
 a gentle heat for 48 hours. Press and boil the 
 liquor with the honey to the thicli;ness of a sy- 
 rup; stirring with a wooden spoon. Fh. D.) 
 It is expectorant and diuretic. Dose, f. gj, 
 in gruel. 
 
 OXYMEL COLCHIQVA,0. colchici— o. of 
 Meadow "saffron, O. colchici. 
 , Oxymel Soills, Oxymel of squills, Mel 
 scillcB, Oxymel scillit'icuTn.. (^Mellis. desjiUTnat, 
 ttiiij, aceti scilla Oij. Boil in a glass vessel over 
 a gentle fire to a proper consistence. It is re- 
 puted to be expectorant and diuretic. Dose gj.) 
 Oxymel, Simple, Oxymel simplex, is pre- 
 pared as follows; {Mellis desjnimati tb\],.acidi 
 acetid ffij . Boil in a glass vessel, over a slow 
 fire, to a proper thickness. Ph. L.) It is'Cool- 
 ing ; — externally, detergent. 
 Oxymel or Squill, O. scillae. 
 OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus. 
 OXYNGIUM, Adeps suilla. 
 OXYNI'TRONjfrom oSds, 'acid,' and viTgon, 
 ' nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed chiefly 
 of vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius. 
 OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease. 
 OXYNOSOS, Acute disease. 
 OXYNUSOS, Acute disease. 
 OXYO'Vl A,G-alero'pia,IIyperop'sia,Suffu'sio, 
 emela! rans, Acies visits, from oivt, ' quick,' and 
 ai/), 'sight.' Excessive acuteness of the sense 
 of sight. Instances have occurred, where per- 
 sons could see the stars in the day time. The 
 cause is seated in great sensibility of the retina. 
 The term has been used synonymously with 
 nyctalopia. ' 
 
 OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyosphra'sia, from 
 oiv!, ' acute,' and "o-ifjijir/c, ' smell.' Excessive 
 acuteness of the sense of smell. 
 OXYPHLEGMA'SIA, e^v^w/fiurta, Acu'ta 
 
 et ve'hemens inflamma'tio. A violent inflam- 
 mation. , . 
 OXYPHCENICON, Tamarindus. 
 OXYPHO'NIA, Vox. acu'ta; from o|uc, 
 'sharpi' and <pavrii 'voice;' Parapho'nia clan- 
 gens,P.ulcero'saiClahgor,yoxclango'sa,Leppo- 
 pho'nia. A shril,l and squalling voice ;^fre- 
 quently, a symptom of morbid affection of the 
 larynx. , 
 
 OXYPHYLLON, OxaliS-acetosella. 
 , OXYPODIA, see ]g;yllosis. 
 OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticnm. 
 OXYREG'MIA, Ructus dc'idus, from olv!, 
 'sour, '.'and sgsuj,oi, 'I belch.' Acid eructation. 
 OXYR'I A RENIFORM'IS, Rumex di^'ynus, 
 Boreal sourdoch. Mountain Sorrel, Welsh mr- 
 rel. A -plant. Sex. Syst. Diandria digynia, 
 which grows in the northern parts of America 
 and Europe ; blossoming in tlje spring. ■ It pos- 
 sesses the same properties as oxalis acetosella. 
 OXYRRHOD'INON, Ace'tum r-osa'tum, from 
 o?us, ' acid,"and gorfoTi^'a rose.' /A composition 
 of vinegar- and roses. (01. Rosat.' ^ij, acet. 
 rosat. gj.) Used as a liniment in herpes and 
 erysipelas. , ; , ' 
 
 . OXYS, Acetum, Acute. 
 OXYSAC'CHARUM, from oiu;, 'acid/ and 
 ira[ic;faSov, 'sugar.'' A mixture of sugar and 
 vinegar. It was called Oxysac'charum, vomiti'- 
 vwm, when it held in solution the glass of anti^ 
 mony ; and Oxysac'charum, scillit'icum, when it 
 contained squills. , ' 
 
 OXYSAL DIAPHORET'ICUM AN'GELI 
 SAL^iE. A preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace- 
 tate of potass exposed, to the atmosphere; and 
 consequently fallen into a stateof deliguium. — 
 O'rfila. - ' 
 
 , OXYTARTARUS, Potassse acetas. 
 OXYTES, Acidities. 
 
 OXYTOCIA. Same etymon as the .next. Ra- 
 pidity of parturition. Too great rapidity of birth. 
 OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ocus, from oI'js-, 'quick,' 
 and rixtw, ' I bring, forth.' ' A^medicine which 
 promotes delivery. 
 OXYTRIPHYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
 OXYVRE VERMICULAIR:e, Ascaris ver- 
 micularis. 
 
 OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Ascaris ver- 
 micularis. 
 
 OYSTER ROOT, Tragopogon— o. Shells, 
 Ostreae testae — o. Prepared, Testa praeparata. 
 
 OZ^'NA, Cory'za enton'ica, C. purule^'ta, 
 Pyorrhce'a ndsa'lis, Entozai'na, C. ozceno'sa, 
 C. ulcero'sa, Coryza virulen'ta, C, malig'^a, 
 Rhini'tis ulcero' sa,-XJlcus na'riwm fcetenp, from 
 OLIO, 'I smell of something.' (F.) Ozine, Pu- 
 naisie. An affection of the pituitary mem- 
 brane, which gives occasion; to a disagreeable 
 odour, similar to that of a crushed bed-bug; 
 hence the name Punais, by which the French 
 designate one labouring under ozoena. It is, 
 sometimes, owing to caries of the bones ; but is, 
 perhaps, most frequently dependent upon sy- 
 philitic ulceration of the pituitary membrane, 
 with or without caries of the bones of the nose. 
 Ozmsx Benigna, Coryza, chronic. 
 OZE, Breath, offensive. 
 OZEMAN, Albumen. 
 OZkNE, Ozena. 
 
 OZONE: same etymon. The powerfully 
 odorous matter, produced when a current of 
 ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies 
 into the air. — Schonbein, 
 
617 
 
 PAIN 
 
 P. 
 
 P. A contraction of Pj<gi:7/»ii. ' 
 P. M. A contraction oi Partes 
 
 ceqiiales, 
 P. P. A contraction of Pulvis, 
 
 See Abbre- 
 viation. 
 
 patr'wm^ ^ 
 
 PAB'ULUMj Tropin, Pkorhe, Alimen'ttim., 
 Nutrimen'tam. Food, aliment. The animal 
 heat and amimal i^rits^-unmeaning terms — 
 were formerly considered the Pabulv/m vit<z, 
 PACAY, Prosopis dulciS. 
 PACCHIO'NI GLANDS OF, Glan'dulce 
 DurcB -Matris, G. dura Menin'gis, Tuber'cul^ 
 parva dures laMris, Cor'pora glandifor'mia 
 dtircB matriS) (F.) Granulations cerebrates. 
 Small, whitish, or yellowish bodies, sometimes 
 separate, at others united like a bunch of grapes, 
 which are observed iii several parts of the dura 
 and pia, mater. They receive vessels, but, ap- 
 parently no nerves. Their texture and uses 
 are unknown. A considerable number is ob- 
 served in the longitudinal sinus, covered by the 
 internal membrane. 
 
 PACH^'MIA, Faehyce'mia, Packgimoi Fa- 
 chya'ma, from ar«/uc, 'thick,' and 'aifixt, 'blood.' 
 Too great thickness of the blood. , 
 
 PACHEABLEPHARO'SIS,PffioAeaS?epA'arffi, 
 Pashyhleph' aron, Packyhlephara'sis, Pach'yte's^^ 
 from wot/i/f, 'thick,' and (Sxe^opoy, 'an eyelid.-' 
 A name given, by some authors, to a thickening 
 of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres- 
 cences formed on their margins. It is the same 
 affection as that whixrh Sauvages designates Ca- 
 li'go a PdcheaUepharo'si, ' 
 PACHETOS, see Laqueus. 
 PACHULOSIS, Pachylosis. 
 PACHY^MIA, Pachaemia. 
 PACHYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis. 
 PACHYCHOL'IA, from nojf us, 'thick,' and 
 ;foxi),^ 'bile.' Morbid thickness of the bile. 
 
 PACHYLO'SIS, .Packulo'sis, from 7ta;foc,. 
 ' thick.' An inordinate production of the epi- 
 dermis dependent upon hypertrophy of the pa- 
 pillae of the skin. — E. Wilson. 
 
 PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa. , 
 I PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia. 
 PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa. > 
 PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis. 
 PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles. 
 PAD, (S.) Paiado,ixoiD.paja, 'straw.' P/m- 
 mace'olus, ' Pulvil'lus, Pulvin'ulus, Parvnmi 
 pulvi'nar ; — a cushion, a. little cushion; VLJuni^; 
 (F.)^Qoussinet. A small bag, filled with fea- 
 thers, wool, hair, bran, chaff, Sec. It is used 
 to compress or support parts. In the treat- 
 ment of certain fractures, soft pads or cush- 
 ions, called by the French Remplissages, are 
 placed between the splints, and the fractured 
 limb, in order that the prominent parts may 
 not be chafed by the splints. 
 PADNOON, Bit noben. 
 PAD'UA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal, sul- 
 phureous springs; the hottest of which is 188° 
 Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, 
 Battaglia, and Montegrotto. 
 40 
 
 PADUS, Prunus padus. 
 
 P^DAN'CHONE, from «aie, ' vrmSH, ' a 
 childi' and ayx<"i 'J Sttfangle;' Angi'na Sicca. 
 Name of a fatal species of cy nanche, mentioned by 
 M. A- Se verinus ; probably the Cynanche Tra^ 
 chealis, or Cynanche Maligna. 
 
 P^DARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa. 
 
 P^DATilOPH'IA, from nmi, naiSoi, 'a 
 child,' 0, privative, and Tcotfit, 'nourishment.' 
 Atrophy of children. Tabes, mesenterica. 
 
 P^DATKOPHIA Glandulosa, Scrofula. 
 
 P^DERAS'TIA, Pkdogd'gium, Padicaltio, 
 Cinx'dia, from naii, ' a boy,' and iqus, ' love.' 
 The love of boys. A disgraceful passion, com- 
 mon in ancient times, but now unknown, 
 ■f hese terms ate likewise applied to the crime 
 of sodomy. 
 
 FMDl'A, TtaiSeta, 'learning.' Eduea'tio in- 
 fan'tum. The bringing up or education — 
 physical' as well as moral-^of children. 
 
 P^DIATRI'A, Peediat'rica, from jraic, 'a 
 child,' and larqinL, 'medical management.' 
 Treatment of the diseases of children. 
 
 P^DICATIO, Paederastia. 
 
 P^ffiDICTERUS, Icterus infantum. ' 
 
 PjEDOBAROMACROMETER, Baromacro- 
 meter. - 
 
 PiEDOGOGIUM, Paederastia. , 
 
 PiEDOMETER, Baromacrometer. 
 
 PjEDON'OSUS, from b-ots, nMhi, ' a child,'' 
 and mc-og, ' disease.' A disease of 9hildhood. 
 
 PJCDOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from rrais, 'a. 
 child,' ip3.c\fj, ' a vein,' and tO|«i),i ' incision.' 
 Vensesec'iio puero'rum. Breeding performed on 
 children. 
 
 PiEDQT'RIBES, Min'ister Gymnas't^, from 
 jroic, ' a child," and Tp((S«o, ' I train.' Inancient 
 gymnastics, the officer acquainted with all the 
 prescribed exercises, and who carried them 
 into effect, according to the directions of the 
 superior. 
 
 P^O'NIA, P. offidna'lis, Glyds'ide, Hsema- 
 gg'gum, Pe'ony, or iPi'ony, male- and female, 
 (F.) Pivoine, Pione. The root,Hower3, and 
 seeds were long esteemed powerful /nedicines. 
 Theyjire feebly astringent, and have been con- 
 sidered to be narcotic and antispasmodic. They 
 have been given,- particularly, in intermittents 
 and epilepsy, but are not now used. The 
 flowers are called Bosce benedic'tXyB. re'gise, 
 
 P^ONICE, Medicine. 
 
 PjEONICUS, Medical.^ 
 
 PiEONIUS, Medical. 
 P^OSYNE, Medicine. 
 PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from vayiiv, 'to nail 
 fast,' and ananXrjlia, 'apoplexy.' Apoplexy 
 from cold. 
 
 PAIDIA, Infancy. 
 PAIDION, Infans. 
 PAIGIL, Primula veris. 
 PAIN, (old F.) painer, ' to torment;' Sax. 
 pman, ' to torture.' Dolor, Algos, Alge'ma, 
 Alge'do, Alge'sis, Od'ynl, (F.) Douleur.- A 
 disagreeable sensation, which scarcely admits 
 of definition. It is generally symptomatic, and 
 
FAIW 
 
 618 
 
 PALATINE 
 
 is called acute,, (F.) aigue, when very violent: 
 fungent, (F.) ^oKg^'twc, when it resembles that 
 which would be produced by a sharp instru- 
 ment run into the part: heavy, (F.) gravative, 
 when attended with a sensation of weight : Un-, 
 sive, when the part seems distended : lam'ci- 
 nating, when occurring' in shoots : lac"erating 
 or Uaringj when the part .seems to be tearing : 
 burning, (F.) bridante-j when resembling that 
 produce^d -by a burn, &c. 
 
 Pain,, Sun, Hemicrania. 
 
 FAIN, see Tiiticum — p. a Coucou, Oxalis 
 acetosella — p. de Madagascar, Jatropha liiani- 
 hot — p. de Poureeau, Cyclamen. 
 , PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour. 
 
 Pains, Labour pains, Farturien'tis dolq'res, 
 Odin, Odis, Dolo'res. ad partum, Torin'ina pa/r- 
 tunentiwm, (F.) Mai d'JEnfant', I)ouleurs. The 
 uneasy sensations that accompany labour, jind 
 are owing to uterine contraction. The pains that, 
 precede actual delivery, and are simply cm- 
 ployed in dilating the os uteri, are called 
 grinding; those whicbextrude the child, forcing.' 
 Those which take place in the first days after 
 delivery, and are employed in forcing away co- 
 agula, &c., are termed After pains, Dolo'res 
 seu Tormina post partum, D. puerpera'rum, 
 (F.) Tranchees uterines. 
 
 " To take a pain," — " To try a pain," — is to 
 make an examination per vaginam, during la- 
 bour, to discover its progress, character, &c. 
 
 The French term the pains, which precede 
 and announce labour, mouches ; those which 
 accompany it, douleurs ; and those which oc- 
 cur immediately afterwards, tranchees ou co- 
 liques. 
 
 PiiNS, Gnawing,JDo/oV«« r^den'tes. Pains 
 resembling what might be produced by the 
 gnawing of an animal. 
 
 PAINT,. fTotH^ pingere, pinctum, ' to paint,' 
 (^.) pinto, (V.)peint; Pigmen'tum, Fucus, (F.) 
 Ford. A name given to different substances, 
 employed for embellishing the complexion or 
 rendering the skin softer. The substances 
 most commonly used for this purpose are :-^the 
 Suhfiitrate of Bismuth, (F.) Blano de fard. 
 A spirituous solution of benzoin, precipitated 
 by water, and forming Virgin's milk, (F.) 
 Jjait virginal ; the red or rouge of the cartha- 
 muS; Spanish white ; the oxides of lead, tin, 
 and mercury, vermilion, red saunders, &c.' All 
 paints may be said to be noxious. They injure 
 the skin; obstruct perspiration; and, thus, fre- 
 quently lay the foundation for cutaneous af- 
 fections. Se6 Cosmetic. ' • 
 
 Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, San- 
 guinaria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis Ca- 
 nadensis. 1- 
 
 PAL^STRA, Gymnasium. 
 
 PALAIS, Palate. 
 
 PALATAL, Palatirie. 
 
 PALATE, Pala'tum, Sypero'a, Hypero'um, 
 Uranis'cos, Eoof of the 'mouth, Fossa Falati'- 
 nd. Palatum stab'iU, (F.) Palais. The upper 
 part of the cavity of the mouth; a kind of para- 
 bolic vault, formed by the two superior max- 
 illary bones, and the two palate bones covered 
 with a thick and dense mucous membrane: 
 bounded, before and at the sides, by the supe- 
 rior dental arch; and, behind, by the velum pa- 
 lati. A whitish line runs along the middle, from 
 before to behind; at the anterior extremity of 
 which is a tubercle corresponding to the in- 
 
 ferior orifice of the anterior palatine canal. 
 The arteries' of the palate and corresponding 
 gums proceed from. the palatine, alveolar, infra- 
 orbitar, labial, and buccal branches. The 
 vein's follow- a similar .course. The nerves 
 are given off from the palatine, facial, infra- 
 orbitar, superior dental, and from. the naso-pa- 
 latine ganglion. . . ' 
 
 Palate, Aiitific"iae, (F.) Qbturateur du Pa- 
 lais. ' A plate of tbrtpise -shell, silver, &c., 
 used to close a deficiency of the palate. 
 
 Palate Boke, Os Pala'ti,Os Basilafre, (F.) 
 Os Palatin, Os du Palais, is a small bone of an 
 irregular shape, situate at the posterior pairt of 
 the nasal fossae and palate. It seems formed by 
 the union of two bony plates joined at right 
 angles to each other ; so that one is inferior and 
 horizontal ; — the other, superior and vertical. 
 The horizontal or palatine portion. Arch of the 
 palate, is quadrilateiral. Its upper surface forms 
 part of the nasal fossfe; the lower forms partof the 
 palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice of 
 \he posterior palatine carta/. Its, anterior edge 
 is articulated with the palatine process of the 
 superior maxillary bone; the posterior is free 
 and sharp. , It gives attachment to the velum 
 palati, and presents an eminence, which, when 
 joified with one on the opposite side, forms the 
 posterior nasal spine. Its inner edge is articu- 
 lated with the corresponding bone ; its outer is 
 confounded with the vertical portion. The 
 vertical or ascending portion has the form o^ a 
 long square. The inner surface forms part of 
 the outer paries of the nasal fossae. Its outer 
 surface is unequal, and is articulated with the 
 superior maxillary bone ; behind, it presents a 
 Vertical groove, which, forms part of tbe poste- 
 rior palatine canal; and, above, a small free 
 surface, which looks into the zygomatic fossa. 
 Its anterior edge is' uni,ted with the superior 
 maxillary bone ; the posterior is unequal, and 
 rests on the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess. The angle, which it forms by uniting 
 with the, posterior edge of the horizontal por- 
 tion, presents a very prominent pyramidal 
 eminence, called the tuberosity of the palate 
 lone. Its upper margin is surm'ounted by two 
 eminences ;^the one, anterior, called the orbi- 
 tar process ; — the other posterior, the sphenoid . 
 process. These two processes are separated 
 by an almost circular notch, which the' sphendid 
 bone forms into a foramen, called the spheno- 
 palatine. 
 
 This bone appears to be developed from a 
 single point of ossification. It is articulated, 
 with the sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphe- 
 noidalia, superior maxillary bone, the inferior 
 spongy bone, the vomer, and jtsfellow. 
 
 Palate, Cleft, see Harelip— p. Falling down 
 of the, TJvulitis — p. Soft, 'Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 PAL'ATINE, Pal'atal, Palati'nus, from pa- 
 latum, '.the palate.' Relating or belonging to 
 the palate. 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Arteries are two in 
 number. They are distinguished into, 1. The 
 superior palatal or palatine, Palati' na descen'- 
 dens or Pal'ato-max'illary, which leaves the in- 
 ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; 
 descends into i, the pterygo-maxillary fissure, 
 and enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its 
 branches are distributed to the velum palati 
 and the nasal fossae. 2. The inferior or ascend- 
 ing palatine or palatal^ which is very small. 
 
FALATITE 
 
 619 
 
 PALMA CHRISTI 
 
 and separates from the facial near its origin 
 It passes along the lateral and superior pajt of 
 the pharynx, between the pillars of the velum 
 palati, and divides into a number of ramusculi, 
 which are distributed to the pharynxj the cor- 
 responding tonsil, the Eustachian tube, and the 
 veluin'palati. 
 
 Palatine CakalS or 1?ucts. These are two 
 in number. The anterior. Ductus inoi'si'vus 
 vel Nasa'lo-palati'nus, Inci'sive canal, is situ- 
 ate at the anterior part of the palatine arch, and 
 is formed by the two superior maxillary bones. 
 It is single' beneath,' but opens^above by two 
 aperttires, one into each, nasal fossa. . The fo- 
 ramen is called Fora'men incisitvum vel F. 
 Paiatinum ante'rius,F. Alveola'ri qnte'rius, F. 
 cceevm ossis maxiUa'ris sup»rio'ris. The pos- 
 terior palatine eanal is situate at the posterior 
 part of the palate. It is formed by the palate 
 and superior maxillary bones, ascends bef ween 
 these two bones ; and, in its course, giyes rise 
 to two or three small accessary palatine canals, 
 which open above the tuberosity of the p&late 
 bone. It transmits the nerves and vessels 
 which bear its name. The foramen is called, 
 F. Palati'i^um .poste'rius, F. Palato-maadlla're, 
 F. alveola're poste'rius, 
 
 PALAinsE Membrane" is the fibro-mueous 
 membrane that lines the palate ox roof of the 
 mouth. , . .... * 
 
 Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Gutturo-pa' 
 latins, (Ch.) are three in number; and arise 
 from the inferior part of the spheno-palatine 
 ganglion. 1. Tlhs great palatine, Palatin infe- 
 rfieurj (Ch.) is situate anteriorly to the two 
 ojhersi and descends into the posterior palatine 
 canal; gives a nasal filament and a-stapkyline 
 filament, and is distributed on tlje palate. 2. 
 The middle palatini; Guttural, (Ch.,) which 
 arises behind the preceding; enters one of the 
 accessary palatine canals, and- is distributed to 
 the tonsils and velam' palati. 3. The little pa- 
 latine nerih, situate still more backward than 
 the last, which loses itself by several filaments 
 in the uvula, tonsils, and follicles- of the pala- 
 tine ihembrane. 
 
 PALATITE,lsi!amitis. 
 
 PALATITIS, Uranisconitis. 
 
 PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylihus. 
 
 FALATO-FHARji^G%m,<Pkaryn'gorsta- 
 phyli'nus, Staphyli'no-pharyngeus, Tkyro-phtt- 
 ryn'go-siaphyli'nus, part of the Stylo-pharynA 
 gien (Ch.,)' Hypero-pharyngeus, (F.) Palato- 
 pharyngien. . A membranous muscle, broader 
 at its iniddle than at its extremities, and situate 
 vertically in^the lateral paries of the pharyiix 
 and velum palati. It includes the perystaphy- 
 lo-pharyngeus, pharyngo-staphylinus, and thy- 
 ro-staphylinus of Winslow. When the two 
 palato-pharyngei contract together, they depress 
 the velum. They elevate and, shorten the pha- 
 rynx, and act principally in deglutition. 
 
 PALATO-PHARYNGIEN,Va\a.to-j>imjn- 
 geus — p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus— r^. Salpin- 
 gien, Circumflexus. , 
 
 * PALATOSTAPHYLINI, see Azygos mus- 
 cle. 
 
 PALATUM FISSUM, Hyperoochasma— p. 
 MoUe, Velum pendulum palati — p. Pendulum, 
 Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rotes, Ochro'ma, 
 Ochri'asis, Leuco'sis, Dealba'tio, l/uror, (F.) 
 Paieur, Whiteness of complexion. It appears 
 
 to be owing to a diminutio.n or alteration of the 
 blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is 
 often a sign of disease. 
 
 pJlES COULEURS, Chlorosis. ' 
 
 PALETTE (F.), Fal'mula, Fer'ula. An 
 instrument of percussion^ It has the'shape of a 
 "spatula -with a long ^handle; is made of very 
 light, white wood, and has bee'n proposed, by 
 Mr. Percy, for what is called ,the Massage, a, 
 kind of pressure or kneading, exerted by the 
 hand on the body and limbs to excite the tone 
 of the 'skin and subjacent tissues'. 
 
 Palette also means a cup for bleeding, and the 
 xiphoid cartilage(?). 
 
 FALEtTE J PANSEMENT. A small 
 splint of thin, scooped wood, having the shape 
 of the hand; and used 'to support the hand in_ 
 certain cases — when burnt, for example — in" 
 order to prevent the fingers fromlD^ing deformed 
 by the cicatrices. 
 
 PALETTE HE CASANIS. An instru- 
 ment, invented ,by Cabanis of Geneva to ,draw 
 out the extreiiiity of the stylet when passed ■ 
 into the nose, in the operation for^stula lacjr- 
 rymalis. It is compo,sed of two. plates of silver, 
 pierced with several holes, and movable on 
 each other. ■ To use it, the instrument must be 
 carried, into the nose, -so that the hojes of the 
 two plates correspond. ' When the end of the 
 stylet is received -into one of these holes, it is 
 .pinched, by sliding' one of the plates on the 
 other, and is easily withdrawn. 
 
 P^I/£7XB,. Paleness. . 
 
 PALILIiO, Campomanesia lineatifolia. 
 
 PALIMPISSA, see -Pinus syl-vestris. 
 
 PALINCOTESIS, Recrndescentia; - 
 
 PALINDROME, Palindromia. 
 
 PALINDROM'IA, Palin'dromB, from 7rB^/^, 
 'again,' and, J!gO|MOf, 'a- course.' This Vford 
 signifies,' with some, a reflux of fluids from the 
 ■exterior towards the interior ; and, according to 
 others, the rela:pse of an aflTectipn — the recur- 
 rence — Recur'sio-, Repetifio— of a paroxysm 
 or disease, — Morbus recidi'vus,-Morbi recur' - 
 
 PALINGENESIA, Regeneration. 
 
 PALLIA'TIONj-PoKa'iiojfrom^ffl/fo'are, 'to 
 cover, mask;' from palliwm, 'a mantle.' The 
 act of palliating — that is, of Gaus^ng the symp- 
 toms of a disease to mitigate, ■without ciiring-it. 
 The medical art can frequently only moderate 
 the symptoms of a disease^' prevent it from 
 making progress, prolong the days of the pa- 
 tient, and diminish his suflfering's.. This is a 
 palliative treatment. ' • _ 
 
 PAL'LIATIVE, Palliati'vus, Antipath'ic, 
 Enantiopath'ie. A remedy or mode of treat- 
 ment, which only relieves a disease, withoiit 
 curing it. ^The palliative treatment — Cura 
 palliati'va, is placed in antithesis to the radical, 
 Cura radica'lis; see Radical. 
 
 PALLIDULUS, Blafard. 
 
 PALLOR, Paleness. 
 
 PALM, Palma, Vola, Y. manus, Plate' a, 
 Theriar, Agei, Agos'tus, Poc'ulum, Pat'era,Su- 
 pellex seu Supellec'tile Diog"enis, (F.) Paumg 
 ovi.Creux de.la main. '^)is hollow or inside of 
 the hand. It is limited, without, by the thenar 
 eminence, which answers to the thumb ; within, 
 by the hypothenar eminence, which answers to 
 the little finger; fflio«e,.by the wrist-joint; and, 
 below, by the four fingers. , 
 
 PALMA CHRISTI, Rieinus communis— p. 
 
PALM^ UTERI PLICATE 
 
 690 
 
 PALPEBRAL 
 
 HumiliSj Musa paradisi&ca-^p. Unguentariorum, 
 Myrobalanus. 
 
 PALM^ U'TEBI PLICATiE, Arbor u'teH 
 viv'ificans. The aiborescent striae in the inte- 
 rior of the cervix uteri. 
 
 PALMAIRE CUTANM, Palmaris brevis— , 
 p. Grand, Palmaris magnus — y; Grile, Palma- 
 ris longus — p. Long, Palmaris lorigus. 
 
 PALMAR, Falraa^ris, from j)o/m«, 'the 
 palm of the hand.' That which concerns the 
 palm of the hand. . The palm has, sometimes, 
 been divided into thrpe regions, called palmar. 
 1 . , The external palmar region corresponds to 
 the thenar eminence., 2. The internal pahnar 
 4-eg-sow i3,formea by the hypothenar eminence: 
 and, 3.' The middle palmar regio'/i is the hollovy 
 of the hand, (F.) Crenx dela maim 
 
 Palmar Apohediio'siB, F'aTmar fas'cia. A 
 strong triangular aponeurosis,, which arise^s 
 from the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, 
 and the anterior annular ligament of the carpus. 
 It covers the whole' palm of the hand, and ad- 
 heres somewhat' stroiigly, to the skin of the 
 parti The pdlmar ligaments are small, very 
 numerous, fibrous fasciae,, which unite the-dif- 
 ferent tones of the carpus and metacarpus. 
 
 Palmar Arches, (F.) Arcades ou Crosses 
 palmaires. The curved^extremities of the ra- 
 dial and cubital arteries in the palm of the 
 hand. , There are two palmar arches-: — the one 
 cubital or superficiiil, — grande Arcade palmaire 
 'Of Chaussier, furnishes, at its conyexity towards' 
 the fingers, the collateral arteries of the fingers, 
 and the internal collateral of the thumb ; the 
 >other, the radial, profound, pr deip-seated, — 
 petite Arcade palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in 
 the palm of the hand beneath the tendons of the , 
 flexor muscles of the fingers. ' It giv^s some 
 small branches only to the surrounding parts. 
 The palmar veins accompany the correspond- 
 ing arteries. 
 
 Palmar Arteries, see Palmar arches — p. 
 Fascia, ^P. aponeurosis. 
 
 Palmar Muscles. These are three in num- 
 ber. 1 . Palma'ris Magnus, Flexor carpi ra- 
 dia'lis,Fiadia'lis iniern^uSy Epiirochlormetacar- 
 pien,^(Y.) PalTnaire grand. Radial anterieur. 
 A long fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely 
 from the inner tuberosity of the humerus to' the 
 upper extreiijity of the second ihetacarpal bone. 
 It bends the hand. 2. Palmaris longus, Lates- 
 een'tis chordce, TJlna'ris grac"ilis, E^itrochlo- 
 carpi^palmaire, (F.) Palmdire lokg, P. grile. 
 This muscle is situate on:the inner side of the 
 last. It is very slender, and pisses from the 
 inner tuberosity of the humerus to the anterior 
 annular ligament of the carpus, and to the pal- 
 mar aponeurosis, which it seems to' form by the 
 vanishing of its fibres. It stretches the palmar 
 aponeurosis, and bends the hand. 3. Palmaris 
 Brevisf Caro quadra'ta, Carpia^us, (F.) Pal- 
 m.aire eutane. A Small, thin, quadrilateral mus- 
 cle; situate before the thenar eminence. It 
 passes from the annular ligament of the carpus 
 to the integuments of the palm of the hand, which 
 it wrinkles by its contractions. 
 
 Palmar 'Veins, see Palmar arches. 
 
 PALMARIS BRE'VIS, see Palmar muscles 
 — p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, 
 see Palmar muscles. 
 
 PALMETTO, SA'W, Chamserops serratula. 
 
 P ALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales 
 manus. 
 
 PALMISTRY, Chiromancy. , 
 
 PALMOSCOP'IA, from TraKMoi, 'Tpalpita.- 
 tibn,' and o-xottsb, 'I view.' Inyestigation of 
 the beating of the heart and pulse. ■ Prognosis 
 from the beating of the heart and pulse. 
 
 PALMULA,pa.te,Palette... . - 
 
 PALMUS, Palpitation — p. Cordisj Palpita- 
 tion — P' Plumbarius, Colic, metallic — p. Vpmi- 
 tiis, 'VAmiting. ' 
 
 PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas,. 
 - PALOS DE CALE^TURA, Cinchona. 
 
 PALPA'TION, from (F.) palper,, to feel. 
 The sense' of Touch. It is also used for the 
 mode of exploring disease by feeling or press- 
 ing upon the diseased organ. 
 
 PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from palpitare, 
 f to palpitate,' owing to its frejuent-motiqn. (?) 
 Blfph'aron, Oper'culum sen Gboper'ciilum'oc'uH, 
 E7jelid,x(F.) Piiupiire. The eyelids are two 
 movable vela, situate in front, of the eye; which 
 by their separation permit the organ to receive 
 the impression of light, or by their greater or 
 less occlusion protect it from the influence of 
 too great light, or from the action of extraneous ' 
 _bod(es, They are separated, above, from the 
 forehead, by the eyebrows; and, below, are 
 confounded with the cheeks, They are "distin- 
 guished into upper; EpicyVivm, — and lower, Hy- 
 poc(B'lis, Hypocce'lum, Hifpoc'ylum, The for- 
 mer is much brozider and more movable than 
 the latter. . They are separated by a transverse 
 ■cleft; and their edges are thick, and furnished 
 with the cilia or eyelashes. -Supported by the 
 tarsal cartilages, they unite at the extremities 
 of the transverse diameter of the orbit, forming 
 two angles, — the innermost being called the 
 greater angle of' the eye, or inner ' or gj'eater 
 canthus ; the other, the lesser or external angle 
 or canthus. They are formed, 1. Of a thin 
 dermoid teX,tute : 2. Of a muscular membrane, 
 — a portion of the orbicularis': 3. Of a particu- 
 lar fibrous membrane: 4. Of the tarsi: and 5. 
 Of a mucous membtane, — a part of the tunica 
 conjunctiva. 
 
 Their vessels and nerves are called Palpe- 
 bral. 
 
 Palpeera Inferior Extroesum Flexa, Ec- 
 tropion — p. Tertia, "Valvula semilunaris; 
 
 PALPEBR^ SUPERIORIS PRIMUS, Le- 
 vator palpebrae superio'ris.- ,, 
 
 PAL'PEBRAL, Palpebra'lis, from palpebra, 
 'the eyelid.' That which belongs or relates to 
 the eyelid. 
 
 Palpebral Arteries are those distributed 
 to tjie "eyelids. They are two in number'; an 
 upper and a lower. The former arises from the 
 .ophthalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous 
 pulley of the greater oblique muscle, and de- 
 scends towards the upper eyelid, over which it 
 is distributed. The latter arises at the side of, 
 and a little behind, the preceding, and sends its 
 ramifications to the lower eyelid and the neigh- 
 bouring parts. The palpebral veins have a si- 
 milar arrangement ; except that some of them 
 open into the temporal and labial veins. 
 
 Palpebral Flux, Pueiform. A puriform 
 discharge, furnished by the glands of Meibomi- 
 us, when inflamed; and to which Scarpa attri- 
 butes fistula lachrymalis, in many cases. 
 
 Palpebral LisAMENTsare distinguished into 
 superior and inferior. Some anatomists, with 
 Winslow, have described, under this name, the 
 fibrous layer which is attached, — on the one 
 
PALPEBRALIS 
 
 621 
 
 PANCREAS 
 
 hand, to the outer part of the circumference of 
 the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilages. 
 
 Palpebrai, NerVes, Nerves vf the eyelids, 
 arise, particularly, from the frontal and lach- 
 rymal branches; from the ophthalmic rierv« of 
 Willis ; and from the facial, nasal, and infra- 
 orbitar hranch of the' superior maxillary nerve. 
 
 PALPEBRALISi Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
 
 PALPEBRARUM APERIENS RECTUS, 
 Levator pailpebrEB superiorisT— p. Duo musculi, 
 Orbiculares palpebrarum. 
 
 PALPEBRATIO, Nictation. 
 
 PALPIT ATIO, Palpitation— p. Arteriarumj 
 see Palpitation — p. Cordis trepidans, Cardio- 
 tromus. 
 
 Palpitatio Membeo'eum. a term used by 
 Gaubius for involuntary sheiking of the legs. 
 
 PALPITA'TION, Palpita'Ho,. Palmus, P. 
 Cordis, Palpitu'tio Seu Pulsa'Ho Cordis, Tre- 
 mor Cordis, Vikra'tio Cardi'aca seu Cordis, 
 Cardiog'mus, Cardiopal'mus, Suhsul'tio, Clo- 
 nus Palpita'Ho, (-F.) Palpitation, P. du Ceeur. 
 A naftie given to the pulsations of the heart, 
 when they become stronger, more extensive, 
 or more sensible to the individual, than ordi- 
 narily. Palpitations occur in a number of af- 
 fecfton?. They are, sometimes, owing to or- 
 ganic diseases of the heart, hypertrophy, inflam- 
 mation, &c.; at others, to a disease in some 
 other viscus; whilst, frequently, they are merely 
 nervous. 
 
 Palpitation is^sometimes felt in the arte- 
 ries, constituting Palpitatio Arterio'sa. 
 
 PALPITATION DU CffiZIK, .Palpitation. 
 
 PALSY, , Paralysis— p. Bell's, Paralysis, 
 Bell's. ' .■'"..■■ 
 
 Palsv, Lead, Paral'ysis saturni'na, P. me- 
 tall'ica, (F;) Pq/raXysie • saturnine, J^etallfic 
 palsy. The paralysib of the upper extremities 
 especially, induced by the poison of leadl 
 
 PALS-r,METAi.Lic, See Palsy, lead^p. Shaking, 
 Paralysis agitaiis — p. Trembling, Paralysis agi- 
 tans. .■ 
 
 PALTA, Persea gatisdma. 
 . PALUDAL, Elodes. 
 
 PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens. 
 
 PALUDOSUS, Elo,des. 
 
 PALUS,Marsli, Penis— p. Sanctus,Guaiacum. 
 
 PAMBIOMA, Panbioma. 
 
 PAMOISON, Syncope. 
 
 PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampi- 
 niforme. ' 
 
 PAMPlNIFORME CORPUS,' see Corpus 
 pampiniforme. 
 
 PAMPLE'GI^, Panplegia; from a-ar, «all,' 
 ands-^ii;,», 'tstrike.' General paralysis. Palsy 
 of the whole body. - 
 
 PANACE'A, Cathol'icon, Cathol'ieiim, from 
 B-ay, ' all,' and ax60|itoi, ' I cure ;' XJniversa'U 
 ■i reme'diiim,Panchres'tos. A pretended Universal 
 I'emedy. There is no such thing in existence. 
 
 Panacea Duois HoLSATiiE, Potassae sulphas 
 
 — p. Duplicata, Potassae sulphas — p. Lapsoratn, 
 
 Ai'nica montana — p. Mercurialis, Hydrar'gyTi 
 
 , submurias — p. Mercurii rubri, Hydrargyri ni- 
 
 I trico-oxidnni — p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea 
 
 I — p. Vegetabilis, Crocus. 
 
 .- PANA'DA. Diminutive of Ital. Pane, 
 
 < 'bread,' (Lat. Panis,) Pana'ta, Panatel'la. 
 
 Bread, boiled in water to the consistence of pap. 
 
 Sometimes administered to the sick. 
 
 PANARIS, Paronychia. 
 
 PANARITIUM, Paronychia. 
 
 PANARIUM, PaTonychia. 
 
 PANATA, Panada. 
 
 PANATELLA, Panada. ^. 
 
 PANAX COSTINUM, Pastinaca.opoponax 
 — p. Heracleum, Pastinaca opopon^X — p. Pas- 
 tinacea, Pe^stinaca opoponax. 
 . Panax- Qtjinquefo'lium, Aurelia'na Cana- 
 den'sis, Ara'lia Canaden'sis, G-inseng, Nin- 
 sing, Gensang, Redberty, Five-fingers. Fa- 
 mily, AraliacesB. Seas. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
 ncBcia. This plant grows in Tartary and North 
 America. The root is about the thickness of 
 the little finger ; an inch or two in length, often 
 dividing into two branches ; of a whitish yellow- 
 colour ; wrinkled on the surface, and of a com- 
 pact, almost hot-ny, texture. It has no smell, 
 but a very sweet taste, combined with a slight 
 degree of aromatic bitterness. It is much 
 esteeiiied by the Chinese, who pay a high price 
 for it. It is a gentle and agreeable stimulant. 
 
 PANBIO'MA, Pamiio'ma, from 3-«v, 'all,' 
 and (S«s, ' life.' The original animating prin- 
 ciple. The general principle^of life. 
 
 PANCHRESTOS, Panacea. 
 
 PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantago'gon, from 
 vAy, 'all,' %viio;, 'juice,' and aym, 'I drive 
 avyay.' A medicine which the ancients be- 
 lieved capable of purging away all sorts of hu- 
 mours. 
 
 PANCHTMAGdGuMMiHERALEjHydrargyri sub- 
 murias. 
 
 PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic. 
 
 PANGC^NUS (MORBUS,) Pandemic. 
 
 PANCRATIUM, Pancreas. 
 , PAN'CREAS, from . a-«r, '' all,' and npio.?, 
 'flesh;' i. e. 'quite fleshy;' Callic'reas, Pan- 
 cra'tium, Pan'crewm,-Lactes, Pulvi'nar ventri'- 
 cidi, Totuvi camo'sum, Gland'ula saliva'lis ah- 
 dom'inis, Pancre'nc. -A gland, deeply seated 
 in the abdoinen, and lying transversely on the 
 vertebral column, bBtvroen the three curvatures 
 of the duodenum, behind the stomach, and to 
 the right of the spleen. Its left extremity is 
 called the tail of the pancreas; it is smaller 
 than the right, which is called the head. At 
 its right portion, it has, almost always, a greater 
 or legs prolongation ; called, by Winslow, and 
 some Others, the lesser pancreas, (F.) Petit 
 pancreas, Pancreas of Aselli, Pancreas minus. 
 The pancreas resembles; the salivary glands- in 
 structure, and has been called, the Abdominal 
 Sdlivar/y Gland. ' It is composed of lobes and 
 granulated lobules, distinct and united by cel- 
 lular tissue. From each of the granulations of 
 these lobes arise the radicles of its excretory 
 duct, which are very delicate, and united like 
 veins. The duct itself, Ductus Pancrdat'icus, 
 Canal or Duct of Wirsung or Wirsungs, (F.) 
 Canal pancrekiique, proceeds in a serpentine 
 course thrpugh the substance of the prgan;.and 
 when it has reached behiiid the second portion 
 of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the 
 size of a crow's quill. It opens at. an' acute 
 angle into the choledoch duct,' or proceeds close 
 to it, opening separately into the duodenum. 
 The Pancreatic arteries are very numerous and 
 small. They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, 
 superior mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, co- 
 ronaria ventriculi, and left capsular. Its veins 
 open into the radicles of the vena porta ; and, par- 
 ticularly, into the splenic and lesser mesenteric. 
 Its nerves emanate from the solar plexus, and 
 its lymphatics pass into ganglions, to which it 
 
PANCREATALGIA 
 
 692 
 
 PANSPERMIA 
 
 gives its name. The pancreas secretes the 
 JPancreatiG juice ^ Suceus jS6u Jjiquor Pancreaf' 
 icus, Ziymphiz, Famyrea'ti's, which resembles' the 
 saliva.' 
 
 PANOiiEAs OP AsELLi, See Pancreas — p. Mi- 
 nus, see Pancreas — p.' Petit,' fee Pancreas — p. 
 Second, Brunner's glands.' 
 
 PANCREATAL'GIA; ftom Tcayx^eag, 'the 
 pancreas,' and aXyog', 'pain.' Jain or disease 
 of the pancreas. ' 
 
 PANCREATEMPHRAX'IS, from nayxQ^ag, 
 ' the_ pancreas,' and 6;n9gaao<i), 'J obstruct.' 
 Obstruction of the pancreas. 
 
 PANCREATIC ARTERIES, see Pancreas 
 — p. Diict, see Pancreas^ — p. Juice, see Pancreas 
 — p. Nefves, see Pancreas — p. Veins,-see Pan- 
 creas. , I ' 
 
 Panobeat'ic SaeqcIma of Ab'eenethy, Em- 
 phy'ma sarco'ma paricreat'ieum. A turriour,' in 
 irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous 
 substance, like the irrfegular masses of the 
 pancreas. Pound in the' cellular substapce ; 
 but, more usually, in lymphatic glands, chiefly 
 in the female, breast. 
 
 VANCKKKTWX^jInfla/mma'tiopdncr'ea'tis, 
 (^ .yinflaTtvmation du Bancreas, Inflammation 
 of the pancreas ; — an affection, the phenomena 
 of which are not well linown. 
 
 PAN'CREATOID, fromTcoyxscctf, 'the 
 pancreas,' and siiot, 'appearance;' Pomcrea-" 
 to'i'des,. A tumour resembling the pancreas in 
 structure. 
 
 PANCREATdN'CUS; from na.yyLqm, 'the 
 pancreas,' and ojnof, ' a sVvelling.' Tumour of 
 the pancreas. ^ - 
 
 PANCRENE, Pancreas. ' 
 PANCREUM, Pancreas. 
 PANDA'LEA, Panda'leum. A kind of lo- 
 zenge used by the Arabian physicians. . , 
 PANDALEUM, Pandalea. 
 PANDALITIUM, Paronychia. 
 PAiTDEMIA, Pandemic. 
 PANDEMIC, Pan'demy, jPande'mia,Mo_rhus 
 Pande'mius seu Pande'mus ' seu Pancx'nus, 
 Panca'nosus, (F.) Pdndjmie ;,.fiom ?rar, 'all,' 
 and ^i)^i6f, 'people.' An epidemic which attacks 
 the whole population. ' ' . 
 
 PANDAMIE, Papdemic. 
 PANDEMY, Pandemic. 
 PANDICULA!TI0N; Pandicula'tioi Seor- 
 dine'ma, Scordinis'-muSf Clonus Pandicula'tio, 
 fronj pandere, ' ta stretch- out;' Stretching, 
 Hai'ices, (PI.) An actiO'ri which consists in 
 elevating, the ilppgr limbs, and throwing the 
 head and trunk backwards,' at the sattie time 
 that the lower limbsire extended. This series 
 of motions of the extensor muscles is in some 
 measure independent of the will, and is accom- 
 panied witi yawning, whigh is equally involun- 
 tary. In the state of health, stretching occurs 
 before and after sleep ; especially when we are 
 fatigued. It is also observed at the onset of 
 certain paroxysms of fever, hysteria, &c. 
 
 PANDOCP'UM, Pffi»c?ocAs'a»s, Pa»<^o(!'«(»i; 
 from Trav, ' all,' and Si'jnir6ai, ' to receive.' An 
 inn that receives all classes. A general hos- 
 pital,, or one that admits all cases. 
 ■PANDOCHIUM, Pandoceum. 
 PANDOCIUM, Pandoceum. 
 PANHIDRO'SIS; from nav, 'all,' and hSqm- 
 nic, ' sweating;' Sudor universa'lis . Sweating 
 over the whole body. 
 
 ~PANICAUT,'ETfjngmmca.mpesXxe—p.Man- 
 time, Eryngium maritirnuna. ' i' 
 
 PAN'IGUM ITAL'IPUM, Ital'ian- Panic 
 • Grass, Indian Millet, Guinea Corn,''Barhadoes 
 Millet, Mil'ium Jn'dicum, Sorghum, Holcus 
 Sorghwm, (F.) Millet des oiseaiix. Nat. Ord. 
 Gramineae. The seed — Mil'ii Sem'ina — kre 
 much esteemed in Italy, being a constant in- 
 gredient in soups, and made intp a variety of 
 forttis forthe ta'ble. 
 
 Pakiohm Milia'cewji, Common Millet, Mi- 
 lium, Cenchron, Cenchrus, (F.) Millot ordi- 
 naire. Millet seed- are esteemed a nutritious 
 article of diet, and are often made into pjid- 
 di-ngs. ' ' ' 
 
 PANIS CANICACEUS, see Canics— p. Ci- 
 barius seu secundarius, Syhcomistos — p. Cu- 
 cuji, dxalis acetosella — p. Porciuus, Cyclamen. 
 
 PANNI, Swathing clothes, ' 
 
 PANNICULE CH4S!ZVir, Panniculus caf- 
 nosus. 
 
 PANNIC'ULUS. Diriiinutive, of Pannas, 
 cloth. A piece of fine cloth. Pterygion. 
 
 Panmicui-us Adiposus, Cellular membrane. 
 
 ,;Pannicui.us Caeno'sus, Tw'nica eqrnosa. 
 Muscular Web, Mantle, (Y.) Pa7ihiimle char- 
 niie, is a general covering found in the quadru- 
 ped, and formed by a thin,' subcutaiieous mjiscle, 
 which serves to inove the skin. It exists only 
 in certain parts of the human body, — as in the 
 forehead, where it is formed by the occipito- 
 frontalis; in, the neck, by the pjatysma my- 
 oides; and, in the scrotum, by the cremaster 
 muscle.; "^ 
 
 Pahmioulus Coedis, Pericardium — p. Hyme- 
 naeuSj'Hymen^-p.Virginalis, Hymen. , 
 
 PANNUS. A piece of cloth. This word has 
 several other meanings many of which are 
 equivocal. It means a tept for a wound, and 
 alsoj an irregular naevus or mark on the skin. — 
 Castelli. . Modern ophthalmologists apply it to 
 an-opiake and vascular condition of the ante- 
 rior mfinSbrane of the cornea, almost invariably 
 produced by the continuance of purulent or 
 strumous ophthalmia, or by chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the cornea. This part becomes nelju- 
 lous, covered with red vessels, and opakeJ ^ At 
 tinies,": the sclerotic coiij-unctiva' undergoes a 
 similar change to that which occurs in the cor- 
 neal, portion. 
 
 Pamnus Hepaticus, Chloasma — p. Lehticula- 
 jis, ,Ephelides. 
 
 PANOCHIA, Bubo. 
 
 PANOPHO'BI A, Pantopho'bia, Pavopho'hia, 
 At/iym.'ia, Pavor, (^ .) Frayeurnoctttrne, Soucf, 
 from Har, ' the god Pan,' and t/i o|S"c, ' fear.' A 
 panic or fear inspired by the god Pan, accord- 
 ing to the opinion of the ancients. " Some de- 
 rive it from Trav, 'all,' and ifofoi, 'fear.' This 
 is sometimes morbid, and is a- symptom of me- 
 lancholy. 
 
 PANOPHTHALMI'TIS, from m.r, 'all,' 
 and ophthalmitis; ' inflammation of the eye.' 
 Inflammation of the whole eye. 
 
 PANPLEGIA, Pamplegia. 
 
 PANSCLERO'SIS; from ttuv, 'all,' and 
 irxKrjqaiatc 'hardness.' Complete induration 
 of a part. 
 
 PANSEMENT, Dressing. 
 
 PANSIES, Viola tricolor. 
 
 PANSPER'MIA, from nav, ' all,' and aviQ/na, 
 'sperm.' The iheoiyofDisseminationof Germs, 
 according to which, ova or germs are dissemi- 
 
PANTAGOGON 
 
 623 
 
 PAPILLiE CALYCIFORMES 
 
 nated over all space, undergoing development 
 under favourable circutastances. 
 PANTAGOGON., Panchymagogum. 
 PANTANENCEPHA'LI A,frora nm, Tiovraf , 
 ' all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain. En- 
 tire absence of brain — the same as anencepha- 
 lia.— G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PANTATROPHIA, from nav, 'all,' and 
 ojQopta) ' atrophy.' Universal atrophy. 
 ' PANTICES, Intestine. 
 PANTING, Anhelatio. 
 PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
 PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
 PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia. 
 PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia. 
 PANUS, Phygethlon — p. Eaucium, Stoma- 
 topanus — p. Inguinalis, Bubo.- 
 
 PANZOOT^IA, Fantozootiayfrom nav, '^11,' 
 and Xt^v, 'animal.' An endemic or epidemic 
 disease affecting animals generally. 
 PAP, Nipple— p. of the Throat, Uvula. 
 PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 PAPA'VER, P. somnifmim, Mecon. The 
 White Poppy f Palaver sati'vuTn, (F.'),Pavotdes 
 Jdrdins. Family Papaveraceae. Sefc. Syst. 
 Polyahdria Monogynia. , The Capsule of ihe 
 White Poppy, Co'dia, y.u}ia or xuSb c a, Sca'phion, 
 Papav'eris CapittyeS. Cap' sula, Mecon, Poppy- 
 head, is used in fomentatioff, as an anodyne and 
 relaxant, to iniSamed of ulcerated parts. The 
 expressed oil of the seeds is called by the French 
 .Huile d'CEilletie. It is from the poppy that we 
 procure Opium^ — called, also. Opium Theba,'- 
 ieum, Meco'nium, O'pion, Mamus Dei, Affion, 
 AmpJdam, Afium, Ospron, Lau'danum, Mecon, 
 Sopio. It is the milky juice obtained after the 
 flowering of the plant, oy making longitudinal 
 incisions in the capsXil^sand stalks. It is oom-- 
 monly obtained from the Levant or India, 
 where the poppy grows abundantly.- Opium 
 is a compound of morphia, narcotina, meconic 
 acid, codeia, narcein, .meconin, caoutchouc, 
 1 fecula, resin, oil, and several other sub- 
 stances. T^urhey Opiium is of a heavy and 
 slightly fetid odour. '.Its taste is nauseous, 
 bitter, acrid, and warm : it is irl flat pieces ; 
 solid and tenacious ; of a dark brown colour, and 
 yellowish .vvhen ' powdered ; making a light 
 brown> interrupted :streak on paper-. In East 
 India,' Opiwm, the odour is the same, and em- 
 pyreumaticj the^ taste is less bitter, but more 
 nauseous; and the colour darker. The varieties 
 of opium known in commerce are ihi Smyrna, 
 the Constantinople, the Egyptian, the Persian, 
 and the Indian. Opium is stirnulant in small 
 doses ; sedative, in large ; narcotic and anodyne ; 
 operating through the nervous system. It "is a 
 most valuable remeldy in all painful affections, 
 and inflammations, when given so as to produce 
 itSrfuU, sedative effects, especially in peritonitis. 
 In diarrh<Ea and dysentery, it acts as an astrin- 
 ; gent J in intermittents, it will often prevent the 
 paroxysm. In typhus, in small doses, it acts 
 ' as a cordial; in larger, it allays irritation and 
 I' produces sleep. When applied externally, its 
 narcotic effects are developed : and, hence, it 
 is a useful application to irritable sores, pain- 
 ful tumours, &c. Dose, gr. J to ^ as a stimu- 
 lant; gr. j to iv as a sedative. 
 
 Papaver Cereale, p. rhceas — p. Cornicula- 
 tum, Ghelidonium majus — p. Erraticum, P. 
 rhceas — p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus. 
 
 Papavek. Nigrum. This is merely a variety 
 of the white poppy, producing black seeds. 
 
 Papaver Rhosas. The systematic and phar- 
 rhaoopceial' name of the Red corn-poppy, Corn 
 rose, Papaver errat'icum, P. cerea'lS, P. rubrtim, 
 Rhaas, (F.) Coquelicot. The heads of this 
 species, also, contain a milky juiceof a narcotic 
 quality. A syrup of its flowers has been 
 directed, which has been esteemed diaphoretic 
 and slightly soothing; but is more admired for 
 its colour than for any other property. 
 PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium. 
 PAP AW TREE, Carica papaya. 
 PAPAYER, Carica papaya. 
 PAPIER APISPASTiqUE, Sparadrapum 
 vesicatorium. 
 
 PAPIL'LA, P. Mammm, TAe/g :— dimi- 
 nutive, perhaps, from papa, one of the earliest 
 cries ef the infant, ascribed to a craving for 
 food. The end of the br'e^stj the nipple. An 
 eipinence similar to a nipple. A name given 
 tp small eminences more or less prominent, at 
 the surface of several parts, particularly of the 
 skin aiid mucous membranes, in which latter 
 situation they are also C9.11ed villi. See Villous. 
 'They appear foriried by the ultimate expansion 
 of the vessels and nerves,, and are susceptible, 
 in some cas^s, of a kind of erection. . They are 
 also called Papillfe nervo'sse seu Ner'vea, P. 
 Pyramidi^les, Nervous papillae, (F.) Papilles 
 ou Papilles nerveuses, Hoiippes nerveuses, 
 
 P APiLLA ■ LACHRYisiALis, SCO Lachrymal 
 puncta — p. Mainmae, Papilla. , 
 
 PAPILLA CALYCIFORMES, see Papilfs 
 of the tongue — p. Capitatse, see Papillae of; the 
 ^ongue — p. Circumvallatse, see Papillae 'of fjie 
 tongue;!— p. Conical, see Papillie of the tongue — 
 p. Conoidal, see Papilla of the, tongue — p. Fili- 
 form, see Papillae of the topgue — pi Fungiform, 
 see Papillae of the tongue — p. Fungoid, see Pa- 
 pillae of the tongue. ' 
 
 Papilla of the Kidney, (F.) Mamelons du 
 rein, are the projections'into the pelvis of the 
 kidney of the apices of the cones' of the tubular 
 substance of the orgaii. They are also called 
 Proces'sus mamilla'res, Carun'culce papilla'res, 
 Pyramiides Malpighia'na, Papill'ce reimim, 
 
 Papjliije, LENTieu]f,AR, "sefi PapillcE of the 
 tongiie^. Maximae, see, Papilla of the tongue 
 — p. Mediae, see Pipillse- of the tongue — p.Hin-. 
 imae, see Papillae of the. tongue — p. Mucosae, see 
 Papilloe-of -the tongue — p. Nerveae, -see' Pa- 
 pillae-^p. -Nervous, see Papilla — p. Pyramidal, 
 see Papillae of the tongjue— p. Pyramidales, see 
 Papilla-^p. Renum, see Papillae of the kidney 
 7^p. Semilenticulares, see Papillae of the tongue. 
 Papill^e of the Tongue are very numerous 
 and marked. They are observed, particularly, 
 at the upper surface of the organ, and are dis- 
 tinguished into — 1. The Lentic'ular papilla, 
 Papillse muco'sse, P. max'imx, P. capita'tse, P. 
 vaZla'ta, P. circuorivalla'ta, P. trunca/tts, P, 
 calycifor'mes. They are arranged at the base 
 of the tongue in two oblique lines having the 
 shape of the letter V; and united angulany at 
 the foramen cascum. They have, in general, 
 an ovoid or spherical shape, and are merely mu-, 
 cous follicles similar to those of the palate, 
 lips, &c. 2. Tiis Fun'giform or Fungoid pa- 
 pillse, Papillse m^e'dim, P. Semilenticula'res, are 
 of indeterminate number, but always more nu- 
 merous than the preceding. They are irregu- 
 larly disseminated near the edges and the point 
 
PAPILLARY BODY 
 
 634 
 
 PARiESTHESIS 
 
 of the tongue; have a rounded and. flattened 
 head, supported by a short and narrow footstalk. 
 Their tint is whitish. Of their real nature we 
 are ignorant. 3. The Con'ical, Conoid' al or 
 Fyram'idal , papilla, F. mini/mtB, P . villo' stg, 
 are the most numerous of all. Their arrange- 
 ment is more regular in the forepart of the 
 tongue than - hehind. They resemble small 
 cones ; the base being towards the tongue and 
 the apex free. The anterior are very small, 
 and have been called FiViform papil'la. They 
 appear to be produced by the terminations of 
 the filaments of the lingual nerve, and are sur- 
 rounded by an evident vascular network, ' 
 
 Papillje Tkunoatje, see PaJ)ill!E of the 
 tongue^-p.Vallatae, see Papillae of the tongue — 
 p. VillosEe, see Papillas of the tongue. 
 
 PAPILLARY BODY, Corpus papillare. 
 
 PAP IL L I-AU T -MAMMILLI-FORldlS, 
 Mastoid. - 
 
 PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulopiiyllum thalictroi- 
 des. 
 
 PAP'ULA. A. pimple, E:gOr'mia, (V.')Bou- 
 ton. Bourgeon. A small, acuminated elevation 
 of the c»ticle, with an inflamed base; very sel- 
 dom containing a fluid, or suppurating, and com- 
 monly terminating in scurf or desquama!tion. 
 
 Fapulce form the first order of Willan and 
 Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 Papula Asria, Lichen agrius — ^p. Fera, Her- 
 pes exedens — p. Miliaris, Miliary fever. 
 
 PAPULiE, Lichen— p. Siccab, Lichen — p. Su- 
 doris. Miliary fever — ^p. Suddrales, 'Sudamina. ' 
 
 PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 FAQUERETTE VIVACE, Bellis. 
 
 PAR NERVO'RUM, Syz'tfgi nervo'rum. A 
 pair of nerves. 
 
 Par Opticum Nervorum, Optic nerve — p. 
 Primum nervorum cerebri, Olfaktory nerves 
 — p. Quintum nervorum cerebrali^m, Trigemi- 
 ni — p. Secundum nervorum. Optic nerve — p. 
 Septimum sive facials. Facial nerve — ^p. Trige- 
 minum, Trigemini — p.Trium funiculorum,Tri- 
 gemini — p. Vagus, Pneumogastric-r-p. Visorins, 
 Optic nerve. - 
 
 PARA, waga, a common prefix, 'by, near, 
 contrary to, through,' (per;) 'above and be- 
 yond,' (riltra :) ' besides, (^prater.') In certaiti 
 terms, as in Parocu^, Parapsis, Parobysma, 
 &c., used by Dr. Good, para means a defective 
 or morbid condition. 
 
 PARABAL' ANUS, from va^a^alXnv, (iJ-aga, 
 and, (SaiJ£i», ' to cast,') ' to expose one-s^lf.' A 
 name given, by the ancients, to a person who 
 devoted himself to the service of the sick in 
 hospitals; and particularly during epidemics 
 and the plague. ' 
 
 PA'RABYS'MA, from Tra?*, and (?utiv, 'to 
 stuff.' Infarction or engorgement of an organ — 
 as ParaSjri»ioiie'mii,.Engprgement of the spleen. 
 
 Parabysma Mesentericdm, Tabes mesente- 
 rica. 
 
 PARABYS'TIA, same etymon. Engorge- 
 inent or infarction of an organ with blood. 
 
 PARACELSIS'TA, FaraceV sist ;fiom Para- 
 celsus. A follower of Paracelsus, 
 
 PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see 
 Spagyrists. 
 
 PARACENTE'RIUM. Same etymon as the 
 next. Woolhouse has given this appellation to 
 a small trocar, employed by Nuck for punc- 
 turing the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ. 
 
 P AR ACENTE'SIS, . Ferfara'tio, Func'tio, 
 Functu'ra, Cenemhaie'sis, Cente' sis, Compune'- 
 tio : from B-agaKtiTsin, (raja, and xtvxta, 'I 
 piierce,') ' I pierce through.' Puncture. The 
 operation of tapping, to evacuate the collected 
 fluid in astites, ovarial dropsy, &c. 
 
 Paracentesis, Puncturing — p. Thoracis, 
 Thoracocentesis. 
 
 PARACENTETERION, Trocar. 
 
 PARACENTICION, Trocar. 
 
 PARACHROE'A, fromsraja, and xi"") 'co- 
 lour.' Morbid change of colour of the surface, 
 especially of the- face. 
 , PARACHROMA, Achr-omatopsia. 
 
 PARACHROSIS, Decoloration. 
 
 PARACINE'SES, iG.)FaraMnesien, from 
 vaqa, \ defective,' and uvririg, ' motion.' Dis- 
 eases of the motor nerves; morbid movements 
 pf voluntary muscles. 
 
 PARACMASIS, Decline. 
 
 PARACMAS'TIC, Faracmastiims, from tt*- 
 g«>!|ua?o, 'I decrease.' Decreasing. An epithet 
 for a distemper, whieh gradually decreases. 
 Also, according to Galen, the period of life when 
 a person is said to grow old, which he places at 
 from 35. to 49, after which he is said to be old, 
 — a definition that would not suit us at the pre- 
 sent day. — Gorraeus, and Castelli. 
 
 PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos. 
 
 PARACME, Decline. 
 
 PARaCOE, see Cophosis, Paracusis. . 
 
 PARAC''OPE,J'arapA'ora, Faracru'sis, from 
 vagmaTrrii}, 'I strike falsely,' Delirium. In 
 Hippocrates, it means the slight delirium which 
 sometimes occurs in febrile diseases. 
 
 PARACOUSIA, see Cophosis. 
 
 PARACRISES; (G.)Farairisien: from vaga, 
 'defective, morbid^'.and Kgir/c, « secretion.' 
 Diseases of the secretory function.— -FuchiS. 
 
 PARACRUSIS, Paracope. 
 
 PARACUSIS,. Cophosis. Also, perverted 
 audition. 
 
 Paracu'sis Acris, Audi'tus a'erior, Faracu'- 
 sis oxycoia, from nctga, ' defective,' and axov (c, 
 'the actof hearing.' The hearing painfully acute, 
 and intolerant of the lowest sounds; a symp- 
 tom in otalgia, epilepsy, cej^alitis, and febrile 
 affections. 
 
 Paracusis Dupmcata, Double hearing^p. 
 Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium — p. Imperfecta, 
 Double hearing, P. perversa — p. Gbtusa, Barye- 
 coia— p. Oxycoia, P. acris. 
 
 Paracusis Perver'sa, F. WiUisia'na, F. im- 
 perfec'ta, Ferverse hearing. The ear only sen- 
 sible to articulate sounds, when excited by 
 other and louder sounds intermixed with them 
 —Good. : ; . - 
 
 _ Paracusis Surditas, see- Cophosis — p. Wil- 
 Hsiana, Paracusis perversa. 
 
 PARACYCLE'SES,(G.)Pam^/E?«*e», 
 from vaqa, ' defective, morbid,' and xax\Ji<rii, 
 ' circulation.' Diseases of the blood as regards 
 its distribution and motion. — Fnchs. 
 
 PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid, Preg- 
 nancy, preternatural — p. Abortus, Abortion — 
 p. Tubaria, Salpingo- cyesis. 
 
 PARACYNAN'CHE, (para and eynanehe.) 
 Inflammation of the external muscles of the 
 larynx. According to others, a slight cynanche. 
 
 PARjESTHESIA, Paresthesis— p. Olfacto- 
 ria. Parosmia. 
 
 PAR2ESTHESIS, Paresthesis— p. Auditus 
 flacca, Proptoma auricnlarum. 
 
PAR^THENAR 625 
 
 PARjETHENAE, Parathenar. 
 
 PARAGEUSIS,Ageustia. Alsp, perversion 
 of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, Mlotrio- 
 geus'tia, Guatus deprava'tus. 
 
 PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis. 
 
 PARAGLOSSA, Paraglos'sl, from waca, 
 
 PARAPHIMOSIS 
 
 and ■fKuirra, ' the tongue ;' Swelling 
 
 vaea. 
 of the 
 
 tongue; Dyspha'gia Lingua' aa, Glosaomegis'- 
 tua^ Macrogloa'aa, Prolap'aua lingiia. Sauva- 
 ges, under the term Paragloaaa deghttito'ria, 
 means a pretended doyhling of the tongue into 
 the pharynx, (F.) Renverseinent da la langue. 
 See Glossocele. 
 
 PARAGOGE, Ahduction, Coaptation. 
 
 PARAGOMPHO'SIS, Paragomphosis cap'- 
 itis, from TTigoj.'by,' 'near,' and ypf^fa'is, ' a 
 nailing'.' Incomplete wedging of the head of 
 the child in the pelvis during labour. 
 
 PARAKINESIEN, Paraeineses. 
 
 PARAICRISISN, Paraci-ises. 
 
 PARMKYKLESEN, Paracydeses. 
 
 PARALALIA, Mogil^lia-^p. Nasalis, Rhi- 
 nbphonia. 
 
 . PARALAMP'SIS, jra^axafitptt, from a-aja- 
 Xa/jiTiit, (reaja and Xafinw, 'I shine,') 'I shine 
 at the side of;' Mac'ula cornea margaritdeea, 
 Per la. A cicatrix on the transparent part of 
 the«ye. — Hippocrates. 
 
 PARALEREMA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALLAGE, Insanity. 
 
 PARALLAGM.A, Chevauchement, 
 
 PARALLAXIS, Cheva-uchiment, Insanity .^ 
 
 PARALLE'LA. A kliid of scurfy, cuta- 
 neous eruption, affecting the palms of the hands, 
 in parallel lines^and symptomatic of the- vene- 
 real diseaie. — Forestus. 
 
 PARALLELISM OF DISEASES, Idio- 
 pathia. 
 
 PARALOGIA, Delirium. 
 
 PARALOPH'IA, froifi rnt^x, ' near,' and 
 xo<pi«, 'the first vertebra of the back.' The 
 lower and lateratpart of the neck, near the ver- 
 ' tebrae. — Keil. 
 
 PARALYSIE, Paralysis — p. SatuminS, 
 Palsy, lead. ^ 
 
 PARAL'YSIS, Par'eais', Resolu'tio memhro 
 rum, R: nrrvq'nimi Carua paralyaia, Catal'y- 
 aia, (F.) Paralyaie, Riaolution dea membre^ 
 Palsy, from 7ragiii/M,(a-«5o and ^um, ' I loosen,') 
 ,' I relax.' Abolition or great diminution of the 
 voluntary motions, and sometimes of sensation, 
 in one or more parts of the body. 
 
 Palsy is sSid to be local, when it affects only 
 a few muscles. When it extends to half the 
 body, vertically or horizontally, it is called 
 Hemiple'gia or Pa/iaple'gia. It is common- 
 ly symptomatic of disease of the brain or of 
 the. nerves themselves, and' is a fre4nent ac- 
 companiment, precursor, or successor of apo- 
 plexy. The immediate cause is, , generally, 
 pressure either by blood effused, or by serum,- 
 or by vascular turgescence. At its onset, there- 
 fore, blood-letting may be advisable; but^ after- 
 wards, the disease becomes one of nervous de- 
 '. bility, and requires stimulants — to the para- 
 I lyzed parts, or to the mucous membranes, — 
 ■ frictions, sinapisms, blisters, the moxa, baths, 
 electricity, galvanism, purgatives, and the nux 
 vomica, which last has the property of exciting 
 movements where the will has no longer power. 
 The disease generally admits only of pallia- 
 tion, and is extremely apt to recur. 
 
 Paealysis, Primula veris. 
 
 PARAL'YSIS Ag"itans, P. trem'ula, Syn'- 
 clonus hallis'mua, Scelotyr'bi feati'nana, Tre- 
 mor, Tromoa, Shaking Palay, Trembling Palay • 
 A variety of tremor, in which the muscles are 
 in a perpetual alternation of contraction and 
 relaxation. 
 
 Paralysis, Bell's, Bell' a Palsy, Paral'ysis 
 faeia'lis. Trismus dias'trophi Sauuage'sii, 
 JXias'trophe Gale'ni, Hemiple'gia faeia'lis, Oris 
 tortu'ra paralyt'ica ljinncs'i,IIemiprosl)ple'gia» 
 The paralysis of the fase induced by a lesion of 
 the portjo dura, has been callediBell's Palsy, 
 owing to Sir Charles Bell having lj)een one of 
 the first to investigate it minutely. 
 
 PajEalysis Beeiberia, Beriberi — p. Facialis, 
 Paralysis, Bell's — p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia — 
 p. Linguae, Glossolysis — p. Medullaris, Palra- 
 plegia-^. Metallica, Palsy, lead-r— p. from 
 Poisons, p. Venenata — p. Rachialgia; Colic, me- 
 tallic — p. Saturnine, Palsy, lead — p. Scorbutica, 
 Pellagra — p. Spinalis, Paraplegia — p. Tremula, 
 Paralysis agitans. 
 
 Paral'ysis Venen a'ta," Paralysis e vene'nis, 
 Paralysis from poisons. Paralysis, the result 
 of poisonous substances — as of lea'd, mercury, 
 arsenic, ergot. Sec. 
 
 Paralysis e Venenis, P. Venenata. 
 
 PARALYT'IC, Pqralyt'icus; same etymon. 
 Affected with paralysis. 
 
 Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic. 
 
 PARAME'NIA, Trajaji^na, frora.B-Ǥa, 'bad- 
 ly,' and fiiiv, 'a month;' Menstrua'tio anom'- 
 ald. Menses anom'alse, Mismenstruation. Dif- 
 ficult menstruation. Disordered menstruation. 
 
 Paramenia Diffioilis, Dysmeijorrhoea — p. 
 Erroris, Menstruation^ vicarious— p. Obstrue- 
 tionis, see Amenorrhcea — p. Profusa, Menor- 
 rhagia — p. Snperflua,~Menorrhagia. 
 
 PARAME'RIA, jra^a^ijj/a, from jraja, 
 ' about,' and ,cc>j5os, ' the tbigh.' The internal 
 parts of the 'thigh. 
 
 PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus. 
 
 -PARANEPHRI'TIS, from a-aja, and tt<pei- 
 rig, ' inflammation of the kidney.' Inflamma- 
 tion of the renal capsules, Inficmma'tio remim 
 succenturiato'rum. 
 
 PARANCEA, Delirium, Dementia, 
 
 PARANYMP'HUS, from jiaja, 'near,' and 
 yvtKfTi, ' a young spouse,' ' a bride.' A name 
 given by the ancients to him who led the bride 
 to the house of her husband. The term was 
 adopted into the ancient schools of medicine, 
 to designate the usual discourse pronounced at 
 the end of the prescribed period of study for 
 licentiate, in which the qualifications , and 
 merits of the candidate were described. 
 
 PARAPATHIA, Pathomania. 
 
 PARAPECHYON, Radius. 
 
 PARAPHIA, Parapsis. , 
 
 PARAPHIMO'SIS, PeripUma'sis, Circum- 
 ligatu'ra, Phimo'sis cireumliga'ta. Penis lipo- 
 derm'us, from mtt^a, 'about,' and (piftoa, 'I bri- 
 dle.' Strangulation of the glans penis, owing 
 to the opening of the prepuce being too narrow. 
 It frequently happens in persons affected with 
 phimosis, when the prepuce has been pushed 
 violently behind the base of the glansfduring 
 copulation, &c. In paraphimosis, the narrow 
 and resisting aperture of the prepuce forms, be- 
 hind the corona glandis, a kind of ligature, 
 which strangulates the part, causes it to swell 
 and inflame, and even to become gangrenous. 
 Attempts must be made to bring back the pre- 
 
PARAPHOEIA 
 
 626 
 
 PARATROPHY 
 
 puce. These excite considerable pain, yet th^y 
 must be persevered in for some time ; and should 
 they not succeed, the rings, formed by the tu- 
 mefied prepuce, must be cut transversely, and. 
 the antiphlogistic treatment be adopted. 
 PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. ~ , 
 
 PARAPHO'NIA, from jrag*, and (fwnj, 'the 
 voice.': Affection of the voice, vphen its cha- 
 racter or timbre is less agreeable.- ' 
 
 Paeaphonia Clangens, Oxyphonia— p. Gut- 
 turalis, Asaphia— p. Nasalis, Rliinophonia— p. 
 Puberum, Hirquitalitas— p. Rauca, RaUcedo— p. 
 Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia. 
 PARAPHORA, Delirium, Paracope. 
 PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenitis— p. Dia- 
 phragmatica, Diaphragmitis. 
 PARAPHRENIA, Insanity. 
 PARAPHRENI'TIS, from ir«g«, 'near,' and 
 (jijEuec, 'the diaphragm;' Paraphrene'sis. A 
 name given to inflammation of the diaphragm, 
 (see Diaphragmitisj) which was supposed al- 
 ways to prpduce deliriums — as well as to the 
 delirium itself, accompanying that affection'. — 
 See Phrenitis. 
 PAR APHROSYNE; Delirium. 
 PARAPHROTES, Delirium. - 
 PARAPLAS'TIC : Paraplast'icus, from*«{a, 
 and rcAao-Twijf, ' formative.' Possessed of de- 
 praved formative powers,— jis Carcinoma, En- 
 cephalbma, Melanosis; &c. 
 
 PARAPLE'GIA, ParapUx'ia, Radhiopa- 
 ral'ysis, Rkachioplei^ia, Rhachioparal'ysis, Pa- 
 ral'ysis spinal lis, P. medulla' Hs,- Cams pa- 
 ralysis parajiWgici, ' from ■rragx, dim. partjcle, 
 and nXriiraa, ' I strike.' Palsy of the lower 
 half of the body, including the bla,dder and 
 rectum. It is, generally, owing to disease 
 of some part of the cerebr'a-spinal axis; espe- 
 cially of the spinal portioii^ The ancients 
 sometimes used the term for incomplete apo- 
 plexy. Some authors have, also,*inade a dis- 
 tinction between paraplegia and paraplexia, 
 — using the former for partial apoplexy — the 
 latter for general or cotriplete apoplexy. 
 PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia. 
 PARAPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 PARAP'OPLEXY, Parapoplex'ia, from 
 Tag a, dim., and anairlri^ia, 'apoplexy.' False 
 , apoplexy ; . a soporous state, resembling apo- 
 plexy; and especially that which occurs in the 
 paroxysms of pernicious intermittents. 
 
 PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia, from waqa, ' defec- 
 tively,' and affro/tai, ' I touch.' Sense of touch 
 or general feeliijg vitiated or lost. — Good. 
 
 Parapsis Aceis Tekeeitudo, Soreness — ^p. 
 Expers, Torpor, Anaesthesia — p. lUusoria, Pseu- 
 daesthesla — p. Pruritijs, Itehing. 
 PARARMA, Fimbria. 
 PARARRHYTHMICUS, Pararrhythmus. 
 PARARRHYTH'M U S, Pararrhyth'mious, 
 from va^a, ' dim.,' and ju^uoc, ' rhythm.' An 
 e{)ithet for the pulse, when it has no^ the rhythm 
 proper to the age and constitution of the indi- 
 vidual. 
 
 PARARTHRE'MA, Pararthro'ma, Parar- 
 threfsis, Farartkro'sis, Parec'tasis, Parastrep'- 
 sis, from vnqa, and ng^^on, ' a joint.' Incom- 
 plete luxation ; subluxation. 
 
 PARASCEPAS'TRA, from 71*50,. and <rM- 
 sreta, 'I cover.' A cap or bandage, which 
 
 covers the whole head Galen. 
 
 PARASCEUE, Apparatus. 
 PARAS'CHIDES, from sraj*, and riuliB, ' I 
 
 cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken 
 bone. 
 
 PAR'ASITE, Parasi'tus, from reog«, ' near,' 
 and o-rfoc, ' corn,' 'food.' Parasites are plants 
 which attach theiiiselves to other plants; and 
 animals which live in or on the bodies of other 
 animals, — so as to subsist at their expense. 
 The mistletoe is a parasitic plant; — the'lousB 
 a parasitic animal. The chief parasitic ani- 
 mals are the Pedic'ulus huma'nus corporis, P. 
 cap'itis, P. pubis, Puleic irri'tans, P. pen'e- 
 trans, and the Ac'arus Sea'hiei. '. , ■ 
 
 PARASIT'IC, Parasit'icus, Par'asitoid^Pa- 
 rasitoVdes. Same etymon. Having the nature 
 of, or resembling a parasite, as ' parasitic 
 growths,' tubercles, cancer, &c., for example. 
 
 PARASITICIDE, ..Antiparasitic. 
 
 PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Hel- 
 minthiasis — p. Superficiei, Mails. 
 
 PARASITOID, Parasitic- 
 
 PARASPA'DIA, from -nitp, and tntam, 'I 
 draw.' A preternatural opening of the. urethra 
 at the side of the penis. One whose urethrsi 
 opens in this manner is- called Earaspadia'us 
 and Paraspa'dias. 
 
 PARASPADl^US, see Paraspadia. 
 
 PARAS PHAGIS, from .reagB, 'near,? and 
 a-ipayu, ' the throat.' The part of tlje neck con- 
 tiguous to the clavicles. 
 
 PARAS'TATA, Patas'tates,-iiom jtb^io-ti;- 
 /ii, {naga, and lirTrjut,') 'I stand near.' The 
 prostate. In Hippocrates, it means the epi- 
 didymis. The epididyines were called by He- 
 rophilus and Galen Varico'sie parastata to dis- 
 tinguish them from glandulo'sts parastatse or 
 prostate. Rufus of Ephesus called the Tubse 
 Fallopianae Parastatse varico'smr 
 
 Paeastata Adenoides, Prostate — p. Glan- 
 dula, Prostate—p. Glandulosa, Prostate. 
 
 PARASTATES, Parastata. 
 
 PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymitis; from pa- 
 rastata, ' epididymis,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the epididymis. 
 
 PARASTREM'MA, Paras'trophe, from -xa.- 
 QuarQi^a, (noQx, and crTgecpm, 'I turn,') 'I dis- 
 tort or pervert.' Convulsive distortion espe- 
 cially of the face, the soft j)arts being drawn 
 laterally. ' 
 
 PARASTREPSIS, Parapthrema. 
 
 PARASTROPHE, Parastrerhma. 
 
 PARASYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidsa. 
 
 PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia.. 
 
 PARATH'ENAR, Para'thenar, from Traga, 
 ' near,' and 3-ivaQ, ' the sole of the foot^' , Wins- 
 low called grand paratJienar , parathenax Ttiajor, 
 a portion of the abductor of the little toe, mua- 
 cuhcs scandula'rius; and petit parathinar, pa- 
 rathenar minor, the short flexor of that toe. 
 
 Paeathenae Majoe, Abductor minimi digiti 
 pedis — p. Minor, Flexor brevis tninimi digiti 
 pedis. 
 
 PARATHROMA, Elongatio. 
 
 PARATONIA, see Spasm. 
 
 PARATOPIA, Luxation. 
 
 PAR ATOP'I^ ; from sroea, in the sense of 
 change, and totoj, 'place.' Diseases, in which 
 organs are removed from their proper position. 
 See Ectopia. 
 
 PARATRIMMAi Chafing. 
 
 PARATROPE, Apotrope. 
 
 PARATROPHY, Parat'rophi, Paratroph'ia, 
 from na.qtt, ' dim,' and Tgo^ij, 'nourishment.' 
 Misnutrition. 
 
PARDALIANCHES 
 
 627 
 
 PAROMPHALOCELE 
 
 PARDALIANgHES, Aaonitum. 
 
 PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum. 
 
 PAREC'TAMA, Parectasis, from nnea, 
 ' beyondj' ex, ' out of,' and reira, ' I stretch.' 
 Immoderate extension or dilatation of a part — 
 as of the heart. 
 
 PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama. 
 
 ' PAREGOR'IC, Faregor'icus, So'piens, fi'om; 
 
 ntfrpy'^sa (^«ga, and ,*)<og£i;ffl), 'I soothe, I 
 
 calm.' That which soothes or assuages — as 
 
 paregoric elixir. An anodyne. 
 
 PAREIA, Gena. 
 
 PAREIRA, see P. brava. 
 
 PaeEi'iia Beava, Cissam'pelos, Pariira, Pa- 
 reyra, Butua, Pariera brava, Abu'ta, Albu'tua, 
 Botou, Oaa-peba, Overo butua, Wild vine. Vel- 
 vet leaf. Family, Menispermeaei Sex, Syst. 
 Dicecia Monadelphia. The root of this plant, — 
 Pareira (Ph. U. S.) — a liative of South America 
 and the WeSt Indie?, has a sweet taste with con- 
 siderable bitterness and. slight roughness. It 
 has been recommended in nephritic and calcu- 
 lous affections ; but it is not much used. 
 
 PARBLLE, RumexTiydrQlapathum. 
 
 PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum. ' 
 
 PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis. 
 
 PARENCEPHALOCE'LE,from7iasE).xs(()o- 
 ?i«, (naga, and syM^nKO!, 'the brain,') 'the ce- 
 rebellum,' and xi)\i), ' a rupture.' Hernia of the 
 ' eerebel'lum; a very rare disease. It occurs un- 
 der the, form of a soft, indolent, or slightly 
 painful tumour, without change in the colour 
 of the skin, and is" situate in the occipital re- 
 gion.- It IS constituted of the cerebellum, which 
 escapes through an aperture in the occipital 
 bone. Great attention must be paid not to mis- 
 take it for an ordinary tumour, as its extirpation 
 Wpuld' be attended With fatal consequences. 
 
 PARENOEPHALUS, Cerebellum^ 
 
 PAREN'CHYMA, Caro parenchym'at'icassa. 
 vis'cerum seu viscera'lis seu vi-icero'sa, Sub- 
 dtan'tia parenchymato' sa, Profiheu'ma. Th'e 
 texture of glandular and other organs, composed 
 of agglomerated globtiles united by cellular tis- 
 sue, and tearing with more or less facility. 
 Such is the texture of the liver, kidneys, &c. 
 Xlaqiyxvfii- signifies in Greek, effusion, {naqa, 
 t», and x""} 'I pour,') and it was believed, that 
 this tissue consisted of effused blood or other 
 fluid.- -. / 
 
 Parenchyma Testis,- Pulpa testis. 
 
 PARENCHYMATI'TIS; from naiByxVfii, 
 'parenchyma,' and itis^ denoting inflammation. 
 Inflamma'iio parenchymat'ioa.'" 'Inflammation 
 of the substance of an organ. 
 
 PAR'ESIS, from T^og/^/xi, ' I' relax.' Para- 
 lysis. According to some, a slight, incomplete 
 paralysis, affecting motion, not sensation. 
 
 PARESTHE'SIS, Partes Ae'jis, or Parestke'- 
 sia, Sensus imperfec'tiis, from jraja, ' defective,' 
 and oiiaSriirtc, ' sensation.' Congenital miscon- 
 struction of the external organs of sense. A 
 genus iff the nosology of Good. Alio, perver- 
 sion of sensibility. 
 
 PARETIC US, Relaxant. 
 
 Paeet'ica Exarthro'sis. Luxation from 
 relaxation of the ligaments of a joint. 
 
 PARFUM, Suffimeutum. 
 
 PARIERA BRAVA, Pareira brava. 
 
 PARIES, Table. 
 
 PARI'ETAL, Parieta'lis, from paries, pa- 
 rietis, 'a wall.' 
 
 Paeietae Aeteey, see P. Bones. 
 
 Paeietal Bones, Ossa parieta'lia, Ossa ver- 
 tica'lia, Ossa ver'ticis, Ossa sincip'itis, Ossa 
 breg'viatis, Ossa nerva'lia, Ossa tetrag'ona, are 
 two fellow-bones, occupying the lateral and up- 
 per parts of the cranium, in the formation of 
 which theiy assist. They have a quadrilateral 
 shape: their external surface is convex, and 
 presents, at its middle part, an eminence cabled 
 the Parietal protuberance j (F.) Basse parietale. 
 Their inner or cerebral surface, which is, con- 
 pave, has a depression, that corresponds with the 
 preceding eminence, and whiaja is called the 
 Parietal fossa, Fossd' parieta'lis,' Ahove and 
 behind, near the superior edge of these bones, 
 is a foramen, which does, not always exist, 
 called th? Parietal foramen, Fora'menpariet'a'le, 
 through which passes ,a vein — parietal vein — 
 that opens into the superior longitudinal sinus 
 of the dura mater, and an artery — parietal ar- 
 tery— z, branch of the occipital, which ramifies 
 on the same sinus. ' Each parietal bone is ar- 
 ticulated above, with its fellow ; below,'with. the 
 temporal bone ; before, with the frontal; behind, 
 with the occipital, and by the anterior and in- 
 ferior angle with the' great "ala of the sphenoid. 
 Each parietal bone is developed from a single 
 point of ossification. 
 
 Paeietai, Foeamen, see P. Bones — p. Fossa, 
 see P. Bones — p. Trotuberance, see P. Bones — 
 p. Veins, see P., Bones. 
 ' PARIETA'RIA, P. officina'Us, Helx'ineVi^ 
 tra'ria, Wall pel'liiory, (F.) Pariitaire com- 
 mune. Family Urticese. . Sex. Syst. Polyga- 
 mia Monfficia. This plant grows on old walls, 
 and contains much nitrate of potassa,. , It is 
 diuretic, but is not much used. 
 
 PARI'ETES, PluralofPaWw, 'a wall,^ (F.) 
 Parois. A name given to parts which form the 
 enclosures — the. limits of different cavities of 
 the body, as the Parietes of the cranium, chest, 
 &c. • , ' ' 
 
 PARIS, P.'quadrifo'lia, Oneberry, Trmelove, 
 (F.) Parisette, Raisin deRenard. It possesses 
 narcotic properties, and was formerly consi- 
 dered a powerful love philter. It is emetic, 
 and is sometimes used externally as a resolvent 
 and anodyne. ' 
 
 PARISAGOQE INTESTINORUM, Intus- 
 susceptio. 
 
 PARISETTE,V?iT\s. 
 
 PARISTH'MIA, 7cap«, . and ^lr^^ug, 'the 
 throat.' A word employed to designate the ton- 
 sils, and, likewise, inflammation of the tonsils. 
 Cynanche tonsillaris, and Cynanche in general. 
 
 PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from naQur^/jim, 
 ' the tonsils,' and T£,uv», 'I cut.' An instrument 
 with which the tpnsils were formerly scarified. 
 
 PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris. 
 
 PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil. 
 
 PARISWQRT,; Trillium latifolium. 
 
 PARMELIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islan- 
 dicus. 
 
 PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
 
 PARODON'TIDES, from a-a^a, ' near,' and 
 Bhv;, ' a tooth.' Tumours on the gums ; paru- 
 lis, &c. 
 
 PARODYNIA, Dystocia— p. Perversa, Pre- 
 sentation, preternatural. 
 
 PAROIS, Farietes. 
 
 PAROLE, Voice, articulated. 
 
 PAROMPHALOCE'LE, from iraga, ' near,' 
 ojutpowt, 'the navel,' and kijmj, 'rupture.' Her- 
 nia near the naveL 
 
PARONIRIA 
 
 628 
 
 PAROTIS 
 
 PARONIR'IA, from vca^a, and otsipov, ' a 
 dream .' Depraved, disturbed, ormorbid dreani- 
 ing ; Oneirodyn'ia acti'vay ^rethis'mus bneirO' 
 dyn'ia. The voluntary organs, connected with 
 the passing train of ideas, overpowered by the 
 force of the imagination during dreaming, and 
 involuntarily excited to their natural or accus- 
 tomed actions, while the other organs remain 
 asleep. — Good. 
 
 Paeoniria Ambulahs, Somnambulism — p. 
 Salax, Pollution. ,. , 
 
 FARONY;CjJIA, Faron'ycUs, 'Faronychi'- 
 tis, Pan'ari^^'Redit-'via^ S-eSiv'ia, Vet'Tms dig''- 
 itip, Panarit"vwm, Fandalifium^ Fassa^ Dac- 
 tyli'Hs, Pana'rium, Onych'ia, (F.) Onglade^ 
 from naq*, 'near,' apd orul, 'the nail.' The 
 ancients gave this name to an inflammatory tu-, 
 mour, seated near the nail, and involving the 
 pulp or matrix of the nail — Onyxi'tis. (Gross.) 
 Some of the moderns have extended it to in- 
 flammation of the hand, and even of the forearm. 
 It usually means every phlegmonous tumour qf 
 the fingers or toes^ and especially'of the first 
 phalanx. Foujr kinds of paronychia are com- 
 monly pointed oUt : 1. That seated' between the 
 epidermis and «kin, called in France Tourniole. 
 2. That seated in the subcutaneous cellular tis- 
 sue. 3. That occupying the sheath of a tendon; 
 and 4. That considered. to be seated between 
 the periosteum and bone. These last three are 
 only diflerent degrees of the same disease, con- 
 stituting Whitlow, (F.) Mgl d'aventurel—^ihe 
 worst kinds, in English, are caXlhiFelon. The 
 inflammation generally commences in the sub- 
 cutaneous cellular tissue, and spreads to other 
 parts, occasioning excessive, lancinating ^ain, 
 owing to the parts being put uppn the stretch; 
 hence, the necessity of dividing them freely, — 
 even down to the bone, when there is reason to 
 believe that the aflection belongs to thp fourth 
 division, — making use of emollientoapplications, 
 the antiphlogistic treatment, and opiates td re- 
 lieve pain. 
 
 Paronychia, Asplenium ruta miiraria — p. 
 Digitium, Digitium. 
 
 PARONYCHIS, Paronychia. 
 
 PARONYCHltIS, Paronychia. 
 
 PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.) 
 
 PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 PAROPSIS,DysaBSthesia visualis — p. Amau- 
 rosis, Amaurosis— p; Cataracta, Cataract — p.' 
 Glaucosis, Glaucoma — p. lUusoria, Pseudp- 
 blepsia — p. Lateralis, Dysppia lateralis — ^p. 
 Longincfua, Presbytia — ^p. Lucifuga, Nyctalopia 
 — p. NoctifugS, ' Hemeralopia — p. Propinqua, 
 Myopia— p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma — p. Sta- 
 phyloma purulentum. Hypopyon— p. Staphylo- 
 ma simplex, Hydrophthalmia — p. Strabismus, 
 Strabismu^-^p. Synezisis, Synezisis. 
 
 PAROPTE'SISifrOm !r«j«,dim., and ojrTaio, 
 ' I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient 
 before the fire or putting him in a dry bath. 
 
 PARORA'SIS, from nm^a, dim., and ogam, 
 ' I see'.' Perversion of sight, which prevents 
 the person from judging accurately of the co- 
 lour of objects, Achromatop'sia. Hallucina- 
 tion. — Galen. 
 
 PARORCHID'IUM, from rapa, dim., ' some- 
 thing wrong,' and 05;^/;, ' testicle.' Any posi- 
 tion of one or both testicles, different from that 
 which they ought to occupy in the scrotum ; — 
 whether they may not have descended through 
 
 the abdominal ring, or are dr^wn up to the 
 groins by the cremaster muscle. 
 
 PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia 
 paror'chido-enter'ica. Intestinal hernia com- 
 plicated vyith displacement of the testicle. — 
 
 PAROSMIA, Anosmia. Also, perversion of 
 smell ; Parcesthe'sia 'olfacto'ria, Olfac'tui dt- 
 pravatus, Idiosyncra' sia olfacto'ria^ 
 
 PARQS'TIA, from !!•«§«,' defectively,' and 
 oo-Tsov, ''a bone.' Bones un tempered. in their 
 substance, and incapable of affordingi| proper 
 Support. — Good. 
 
 Parostia Flexius, MpUities ossium — p. 
 Fragilis, Fragilitas ossium.' 
 , PAROTIA, Cynanche p?irotida5a. 
 
 PAROT'IE, Glimd'ula' parotidea, G. ad 
 Aures, Faro 'tis, Animel'lai, Alimel'lcB, Iiaeti- 
 einfia; from naga, 'about,' and out, 'the ear.' 
 The largest of the salivary glands, seated under 
 the ea*, and near the angle of thq lo-wer jaw. 
 It,is composed of many separate lobes, giving 
 rise to exTcretory dUcts,. which unite to form 
 -one canal, called the Farotidduct, 'Steno's 
 canal — the Ductus superior or Superior sali- 
 vary canal of some. ' This duct, after- having 
 advanced, horizoiitally into the substance of the 
 cheek, proceed? through an opening in the buc- 
 cinator muscle, "and terminates in the mouth 
 opposite the second upper mplaris. About the 
 middle of its course, it sometimes receives the 
 excretory duct of a glaTi4ular body,'sitnate in 
 its vicinity, and called the Ac'cessory Gtand of 
 the Farotid, So' Ha Faroiid,is,X}land''i^la sp'cia 
 parot'idis. In the substance of the parotid are 
 found^a number of branches of the facial 
 nerve, of the transverse arteries of the face, 
 and the posterior auricular. It receives, also, 
 some filaments from the inferior maxillary ' 
 nerve, and from the ascending branches of the 
 supeirficial cervical plexus. Its'lymphatic ves- 
 sels, are. somewhat numerous, and pass into 
 ganglipns situate at its surface or behind the 
 angle of the jaw. The parotid secretes saliva, 
 and ppurs it cppipusly intp the mouth. 
 
 PArtoiiD,' Accessor'!? Gland of the, see Pa- 
 rotid. 
 
 • PaSotid Apol^EURo'siSi A sheath of great 
 thickness, continuous, belpw, with the cervical 
 fascia. It fprms a frame-work tp the Jjarptid 
 by means pf fibrpus prplongatio'ns , from .; its 
 deep surface; Its density accounts for the 
 pain of parotitis, and for the difficulty , with 
 which pus makes its way tp the surface. 
 
 Parptid Arteuies, see P,arptid-,-p. Dutt, see 
 Parptid— i-p. Veins, see Parptid. 
 
 PAROTIDE, Parptis. . ' , 
 
 PAROTIDON'CIJS, Tumor paro'tidis; T. 
 glan'dulceparotideas, from jrogaiT/t, 'the parotid,' 
 and oyxoc, ' a tumour.' Swelling'of the parotid. 
 
 F ARO'TIS, Fhleg'mone parotidea, Inflam- 
 ma'tio parotidum, Cynan'chS- parotida'a, Fa- 
 roti'tis, Dioscu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the. name 
 of a tumour seated under the'ear ; which is red- 
 dish, hard, and attended with pbtuse pain ; the 
 prpgress to suppuration being slow and difiicult. 
 Spmetimes it is pf a malignant character, slpugh- 
 ing, and long protracted. Some French patho- 
 logists restrict the term parotide to symptoma- 
 tic parotitis — as to that which occurs in plague ; 
 whilst they apply the terms Oreillons or Ourles 
 to Cynanche parotidasa or Mumps. 
 
 Parous Contagiosa, Cynancheparotidea — 
 
PAROTITIS 
 
 629 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea — p. Seroso 
 glutine tumens, Cynanche parotidsea — p. Spufia, 
 Gynanche parotidsea. 
 
 PAROTITIS, Cynanche paTotid6Ba, Parotis 
 — p. Epidemica, Cynanche paiotidEea — p. Ery- 
 sipelatosa, CynanChe ^parotidaea — p. Polymor- 
 pha, Cynafiche parotidaea— p. Specifica, Cy- 
 nanche parotideea. 
 
 PAR'OXYSM, Paroxys'mus, from na^p^via, 
 (fraga, and ojuysiv, ' to render sharp.') ' I irri- 
 tate;' Tm'petus, Insul't-USy Inva*sio, Exatcerha'- 
 tlo^.AcG^s'siO) Acees'susy (F.) Exacerbation, Re- 
 4ouhlement, Acces. The augmentation which 
 supervenes at eqiial or unequal intervals in the 
 symptoms of acute diseases. Also., a periodical 
 exacerhation or fit of a disease. 
 
 PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxysma'Hs; same ety- 
 mon. (T-") Puroxystique. Of or helonging to 
 a paroxysm;— ^s a pi^roxy^mal day, (F.) Jowr 
 paroxystique; a day on which a paroxysm of 
 disease occurs. 
 , PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pyrexia. 
 
 PAROXYSTIQUE, Paroxysmal. 
 
 PARS INFERIOR PEDIS, Sole— p. Mas 
 toidea of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p 
 Naturalis medicinae, Physiology-^p^, Petrosa, 
 see Temporal Bone— rp. Prima asperae arteriae, 
 Larynx — p. Pyramidalis ossis temporis, see 
 Temporal Bone^p. Squamosa, see Temporal 
 Bone — p. Urethrae.,membranacea, see Urethra- 
 p. Vaga, Pneumogastric — p. Virilis, Penis. 
 
 PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselir 
 num — p. Fool's, jEthusa cynapiura — p. Mace- 
 donian, Bubon Macedonicum^— p. Mountain, 
 black, Athamanta aurepselinum — p. Poison, 
 Conium maculatum^— p. Spotted, Coniura ma- 
 culatum — p. Water, Cicuta ma'culata. 
 
 PARSNEP, COW, Heracleum spondylium, 
 Heracleum lanatum — p. Garden, Pastinaca sa- 
 tiva — p. Water, common. Slum latifolium. ' 
 
 PART, see Parturition— p. Legitime et ilU- 
 gitime, see Parturition. " ' ' 
 
 PARTES GENERATIONI INSERVIEN- 
 T]ES, Genital organs — p. Genitales, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Laterales nasi, Scapulae nasi — p. Ner- 
 vosae, see Nerve— .p. Obscenae, Genital organs. 
 
 PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGA, Matricaria 
 ^p. Mas, Tanacetum. 
 
 PARTHEN'IUS, {Morbus;) from na^Bvog, 
 'a virgin.' A disease in a young female. Also, 
 chlorosis. , 
 
 PARTIALIS, Local. 
 
 PARTIES, LES, Genital organs— p. <?cot- 
 tales. Genital organs — p. Honteuses, Genital or- 
 gans— p.. GJ?iitoires, Genjtal organs — p. Natu- 
 rell'es, Genital organs— p. Nobles, Genital or- 
 gans — p. Sexuelles, Genital organs. . 
 
 PARTIO, Parturition. 
 
 PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultherifi. 
 , PARTS, THE, Genital organs'. 
 
 PARTURA, Parturition. 
 
 PARTU'RIENT,Part«'r«VMs,from^ffiriK»-8>«, 
 itself from parere, ' to bring forth.' 
 
 The Parturient, Ohirdbed, or I/ying-ih state, 
 Puerpe'riwm, requires careful management, and 
 is subject to various diseases. 
 
 A 'Partu'rient or Parturifa'cient is a medicine 
 
 which induces or promotes labour; as ergot, 
 and, perhaps, borate of soda. 
 PARTURIFACIEiSTT, Parturient. 
 PARTURIGO, Parturition. 
 ¥AB,TVRIT"ION,Puerpe'rium,Partus,Par- 
 tio, Partunf'io, Parturi'go, Partu'ra, Tocos, 
 To'cetos, Texts, Lochi'a, Apocye'sis, Mafeu'sis, 
 Maieu'sis, Nego'tium SGU Actus parturitio'nis, 
 Enix'us seu Enix'io fatiis,. Expul'sio fcetiis, 
 Apol'ysis, Ldbow, (F.) Aocouchement, Conche, 
 Travail d'Enfdni. The delivery of the foetus 
 and its appendages. Labour is the necessary 
 consequence of conception, pregnancy, and the 
 completion of gestation. It does not take place, 
 at the full time, until after nine months of utero- 
 gestation, — the causes producing it being the 
 contraction of the uterus and abdominal mus- 
 cles. By^different authors, the stages of labour 
 have been variously divided. We may, per- 
 haps, admit of four.' The first stage comprises 
 the precursory signs. One^ two, or three days 
 before labour, a mucous discharge, streaked 
 with blood, takes place from the vagina, which 
 is called the Signiim, Leucorrhce'a Nabo'tki, 
 IIcRrnorrhag"ia Nabothi, hahour-show, or Show; 
 and, along with this, trifling grinding pains, 
 called . by the-French Mouches, are felt in the 
 loins and abdomen. Second stag-e.— Peculiar 
 pains, which eitend from the lumbar region to- 
 wards the uterus ; tension and dilatation of the 
 neck and orifice of that organ ; protrusion into 
 the vagina of the envelopes of the fcetus, form- 
 ing the hag of waters, (F.) Poche des eaux; and 
 rupture or breaking .of the waters. Th,ird 
 stage: — Contractions of the Uterus and abdomi- 
 nal muscles ; forcing pains ; the head of the foe- 
 tus becomes engaged in the pelvis ; the occiput 
 being commonly situate above the left acetabu- 
 lum, passes beneath the arch of the pubis. 
 Fourth stage: — the. head now presents at the 
 vulvS, the«|)erineum being considerably dis- 
 tended ; at length it clears the external parts, 
 and the rest of the body is easily disengaged. 
 The child still continues attached tp the mother 
 by the umbilical cord, which has to be divided. 
 In the course of fifteen or twenty minutes, 
 trifling pains occur, and the secundines are ex- 
 pelled. This completes delivery. In by far 
 the majority of cases, the head is the presenting 
 part, the ^ occiput directed anteriorly,' and the 
 face posteriorly. Of 12,633, children, born at 
 the Hospital I,aMaterniti, in Paris, from the 
 ,10th of December, 17975 to the 31st of July, 
 1806, the following were the presentations : 
 The head, with the face'posteriorly, 12,120 
 The head anteriorly, . ....... 63 
 
 The breech, . . 198 
 
 The feet, . .'. 147 
 
 The knees, . . ; 3 
 
 Other positions, 102 
 
 12,633 
 The following table, drawn up from data fur- 
 nished by Velpeau, gives an approximative view 
 of the comparative number of presentations, ac- 
 cording to the experience of the individuals 
 mentioned : 
 
PARTURITION 
 
 630 
 
 PARTURITION 
 
 TABLE, EXHIBITING THE EATIO OP PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES. 
 
 
 
 ACOOEDISGTO 1 
 
 Mcrri- 
 man,' 
 
 Bland. 
 
 Madame 
 Boivin. 
 
 Madame 
 Lacha-' 
 ■pelle. 
 
 Naegie. 
 
 liOvati. 
 
 Hospital 
 
 of the 
 
 Faculty. 
 
 BoSr. 
 
 Repular, or of thevertei, 
 
 924 
 
 944 
 
 969 
 
 933 
 
 933 
 
 911 
 
 980 
 
 
 I. decipHo-ante ioTj 
 
 903 
 
 
 944 
 
 910 ■ 
 
 
 895 
 
 
 
 a,. Occipito-cotjloid (left,) 
 
 
 
 760 
 
 .717 
 
 
 , 537 
 
 
 
 Do. (right,) 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 209 
 
 
 
 
 
 6. Occipito-ptibian, 
 
 
 
 0.29 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 II. Occipito-jmsteridr, 
 
 
 
 9.4 
 
 9 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 a. Fronto-cotyloid (lefl,) 
 
 
 
 5.3 
 
 7.3 
 
 
 
 
 
 b - Do. Criglit,) 
 
 
 
 4.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 Face presentation. 
 
 2.S 
 
 2.6 
 
 3.6 
 
 4.6 
 
 
 
 
 8.8 
 
 IWento-ilSac (rightj) 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 2.6 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of llie palTis, 
 
 36 
 
 28 ' 
 
 2D 
 
 36 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 2S 
 
 Of the foot. 
 
 12.7 
 
 9.4 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 10.3 
 
 Of the knees, 
 
 
 
 0.19 
 
 0.40 
 
 
 
 
 
 Of the breech, . 
 
 : 23 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 Of the trunk. 
 
 
 ) 
 
 .4.6 
 
 5.3 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 Kequiring Forceps, 
 
 6.6 
 
 ,4.7 
 
 4.6 
 
 3.4 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 5.7 
 
 Turning, 
 
 16 
 
 4.7 
 
 
 7.8 
 
 .7.2 
 
 
 
 5.9 
 
 
 33 
 
 5.2 
 
 4,77 
 
 53 
 
 2.4 
 
 
 
 ■1.5 
 
 
 Labour has received different names, accord- 
 ing to the period of pregnancy at which it bc- 
 curSj and the mode in which it takes place. 
 It is called miscarriage or abortion, prior to 
 the seventh month; premature labour, Omotoc'- 
 ia, Partiis prcecoa: seu prcematu'rus, between 
 this and eight months and a half; and labour at 
 the full period, (F.) Accouchem/eTtt d terme^ when 
 it happens at th& end of nine nionths. Labours 
 have likewise been variously divided by diffe- 
 rent authors. Perhaps the one into Nattcral, 
 Preternatural, and Laborious, is as common as 
 any; — natural Labour meaning that which 
 would occur without manual assistance; pre- 
 
 ternatural^ requiring the assistance of art, but 
 by the hand solely : and laborious, requiring 
 instrumental assistance; which M. Capuron 
 calls Accouchement Mechanique, 
 
 The French use the term Part, Partus, at 
 times, synonymously with (^e^iuery; at others, 
 with fmtus, Waieu' ma, Maeeu'ma, Suppress 
 sion de, part means concealment of deKvery : 
 Part legitime, a foitus which comes into* the 
 world with the conditions necessary for its en^- 
 joying advantages granted by law; and Part 
 illigitime, one that does not fall under those 
 conditions. 
 
 TABLE OF THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OP DIFFERENT KINDS OF LABOURS. 
 
 I. Natdral Labours; 
 
 Head Presenting. 
 
 (Four Positions.) / 
 
 Lower Extremi- 
 ty Presenting. 
 
 (Four Positions of 
 the Feet, Knees, 
 and Breech.) 
 
 Or those in which Delivery 
 
 1. .Occiput towar^ the Left 
 Acetabulum. 
 
 2. Occiput towards the Right 
 Acetahuluvi. 
 
 3. Occiput towards the Righl 
 -- Sacro iliac Symphysis. 
 
 4. Occiput towards the Left Sa- 
 cro-ilific Symphysis. 
 
 1. Heelj Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the Left Acetabulum. 
 
 2. Heely Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the Right Acetabulum. | 
 
 3. Heel, TibiH, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the Right Sacro-iliac 
 
 can he effected without Assistance. 
 
 The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the 
 biim of the pelvis Motion of rotalion produced by the 
 inclined, planes of the pelvis; the otxipital proiube- 
 rance is carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the 
 face towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
 'The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being 
 first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes 
 successively along the whole of the hollow of the sa- 
 crum. The/shoulders enter the brim diagonally; and 
 execute the movement of rotation. The one bebin,d 
 first clears the outlet. The feame thing occurs with the 
 nates. ' , 
 
 The same course is here followed : except that after the 
 rotary movement, the face passes behind the symphy- 
 sis pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the sa- 
 crum. The occiput is first extruded.;.— th;e face^next. 
 f When the chin presents and is turned forwards, the fiice 
 i is first expKlled : the head, is thrown backwards. This 
 ^ presentation is iincommon. If the chin present and 
 be hrown bacfcwards, natural- 'delivery cannot be 
 L effected. 
 
 f The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota- 
 J tion: the one passes behnd the symphysis pubis; the 
 1 otherlowards the hollow of the sacrum. The one be- 
 C hind is first extruded, 
 f The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin is 
 
 4. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
 wards the Left Sacro-iliac 
 ' fsis. 
 
 j bent upon the chest to clear the brim: movement of ro- 
 tation : the occiput passes behinij the symphysis pubis, 
 and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum. The 
 face clears the outlet first ; the occiput last. 
 
 The same progress, except that after the movement qf 
 rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput 
 towards the sacrum. The face is here again delivered 
 first. 
 
 1. Presentation op the 
 Head, Upper Extre- 
 mities, Back, Abdo- 
 men, &c. 
 
 If. Preternatpral Labours: 
 
 Or those which require Manual Assistance only. 
 
 1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head Is not in a 
 
 good position at the brim of the pelvis; endeavours are to be made to place it in 
 
 its natural position : the hand to be introduced with the fingers united, and the 
 
 long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the brim, if possible. Or 
 
PARTUIlITlifllN;' 
 
 631 
 
 PA^1T^RITI0N 
 
 I. Pre8»htation of TH1E_ 
 Head, PiT?er Extre- 
 mities, JBack, Abdo- 
 
 UEN, &C. '^ 
 
 QfiNBRAL ObSERVATIOHB. 
 
 1. Sliort Forceps. 
 
 2. Long Fo?{ceps. 
 
 3. Lever or P'ectis. 
 
 4. Fillet and Blunt Heok. 
 
 Embrtdlcia. 
 
 SYMPHTSOTOMT AMD C^- 
 
 ^AEEAN Section. 
 Separation of the Head 
 
 QF THE FffiTOa FROU THE 
 
 Body. ■ 
 
 Induction op Premature 
 Labour. 
 
 the iever may be fixed over the occiput, by drawipg down which, a closer ap- 
 proximation 'Of the chin and chest may' be effected; tljo position of the head to 
 the pelvis hoing at the same time attended to. ' 
 
 2, If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine action, 
 $ic., the feet must be laid hold of, and the child tamed. For this purpose, empty 
 the rectum and bladder; and turn, if possible, prior to the escape of the liqupr 
 amnii. The female qiay be placed on her back or left side, with the breech over 
 the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hnjid, according as the feet of the child 
 are to the right or left aide of the pelvis; always so introducing the hand, that 
 the child shall be in its palm, and the back of the hand opposed to the inner sur- 
 face of the uterus. The hand and arm to he introduced during an interval of 
 pain ; and ihey must be flattened and tranquil whilst the uterus is contracting 
 forcibly^ -If both feet cannot be leadily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet 
 around'it. 
 If the toes point to the vertebral column or to the abdomen of the mother.^he head, 
 ' in itsdesceftt, wiU not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will bu hitched on 
 the pubis and promontory of Uie sacrum. In such case, grasp the nates as soon 
 as they have passed the os externum ; and, during a pain, endeavour to direct 
 the toes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis. When the, fingers can be passed 
 along the body of the child and over the shoulders tb the bend of the elbows, draw 
 down the arms successively. When the body is expelled, and the head filling up 
 the brim, the termination of labour must he accelerated by passing two fingers 
 over the shoulder of the child; using moderate and steady extracting power, 
 whilst one fingerof the other hand, passed into the mouth, dispresses the chin on 
 the sternum. In this way, the head may bef' extracted. 
 
 III. Instrumental Labours; 
 Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Instruments. 
 If the pains become feeble, ^or inadequate from any cause;— or if the presenting 
 part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming' exhausted, in- 
 strumental assistance may be required. In all such cases, place the fenrale on 
 the back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum; wait till the os uteri is in a 
 fit state; aflbrd assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument during the 
 intervals between the pains ; have the patient on her left side, (generally;) and 
 extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case may be. 
 ' Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal pro- 
 tuberances may be within the fenestrae. Introduce the left-hand blade jirst ; the 
 index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear. ; AVill^. thfe right 
 bandpass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with ihe cpnt^e'tif the' first 
 blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of thte left band ; thff-tliifd'a'n^ little 
 finger being employed to retain the left-hand blade in place ;,hunibur the instru- 
 ment so as to allow the blades to lock. The handles may no-W^^be tieft.g^^lly to- 
 t gether. The force used must be from blade to blade, with a ge.'pt|ejit^|^ eflfort, 
 ( Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long fi)j:6A^w^^t be ap- 
 ) plied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the-child, so raSt^'^ilie convex 
 i edges of, the blades may be towards the hollow of the sacrum. When used, the 
 ( power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate traction. ■ 
 i The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used strictly 
 
 < as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be applied to 
 ( any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput. 
 
 e In certain cases qf breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient, it 
 ■ [ may be necessary to pass over ihe joint a fillet, or the blunt huok, with which to 
 *. exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple. 
 
 Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the 
 child to be dnstroyed, and its bulk lessened ; or the Ciesarean Fcction or symphy- 
 solomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for. / 
 
 Thfe instruments required here, are the Perforator Crotchet, and Craniotomy Forces. 
 Make a steady pressure on the abdomen ; pass two fingers, of the l<^ft hand up to 
 the head: feel for .a suture or fontanelle; introduce the. perforator and bore 
 through, until the progress of the instrument is arrested by its shoulders. Open 
 the handles, and turn tlie instrument in different directions, so that the opening 
 may be large enough to admit the perforator, with which the brain, must be 
 broken down. 
 
 If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the cra- 
 niotomy forceps; open the handles slightly, and introduce the blade without teeth 
 within the cranium. On closing thw forceps, a hold is obtaihed; and a tractile 
 force can now be exerted during the pj^ins; and the extrusion of the child be 
 effected. . 
 
 Should great difiiculty exist at the brim, the bones at the top of the head may have 
 to be removed, until the base alone remains. The chin must then be brought 
 through first. 
 
 The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into the 
 opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection in the 
 interior of the skull ; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations of the 
 face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be introduced 
 just above the nose, in the sagittal suture. 
 
 When it is necessary to open the hea4 after the lower extremities have been ex- 
 pelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear. 
 C In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of SymphysotoTny, has 
 
 < been adopted by French practitioners,— rarely by British or American; and in 
 ( extreme cases recourse has been had to the Cmsarean Section, 
 
 I If the body of the fcetus have been forcibly separated, and the head left in the 
 5 uterus, it must he laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps be applied;^ or 
 J the head be opened and deliveied as under Embryulcia. Should the head have 
 ( been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought down. 
 In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the foetus, at the full term, cannot be 
 born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon as the 
 child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of the mother. . 
 The most advisable plan of accomplishing this object is merely to pass the finger 
 round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the decidua;— 
 the membranes being thus left entire, and the life of the child not so much en- 
 dangered, as wheie the membranes are punctured and the waters evacuated. 
 Parturition usually follows within 48 hours. ' / *, 
 
PARTURIUM VANUM 
 
 632 PASTILLIEMETINiEPECTORALES 
 
 The laying of eggs ty. animals is termed in 
 French ponte. The term has been applied>to 
 the periodical discharge — ponte periodique-^oi 
 ova, which takes place' from the ovaries at each 
 menstrual period. ^ 
 
 PARTURIUM VANUM, Fausse nowche. 
 
 PARTUS, Parturition — p. Abactio, Abortion 
 — p. Abactns, Abortion — p. Caesareus, Cesarean 
 section — p. Difficilis, Dystocia — p. Xaboriosus, 
 Dystocia, Laborious labour — p. Praecox, Partu- 
 rition, (premature) — p. PrsematUrus, Parturi- 
 tion, (premature)-^p. .Serotinus, jOp'siotocia. 
 
 PARU'J^IS, from Ttoga, ' near,' and svXov, ' the 
 gum;' Aposte'ma parlilis ye\ parouUs, Phleg'- 
 mone Parulis, Gum Boil. Small abscesses are 
 so called which form in the gums, sometimes 
 without any known cause, but which often de- 
 pend upon carious teeth. 
 
 PARU'RIA, from Trago, 'defectively,' and 
 oiigea, ' I pass urine.' Morbid secretion or dis- 
 charge of urine. 
 
 Paeuria Incontinens, Enuresis— p. Inconti- 
 nens aquosa,,see Diabetes— p. InopSj Ischariaj 
 false — p. Mellita, Diabetes — --p. Retentionis, Is- 
 churia— p. Retentioni^ renalis, Ischuria — p. Re- 
 tentionis vesicalis. Retention of urine — ^p. Stil- 
 latitia, Strangury— p. Stillatitia mucosa,-- Cys- 
 tirrhqea. 
 
 PARVITAS MORBOSA PARTIUM OR- 
 GANICARUM, Microtesia. 
 
 PAR'YGRON, from naQa, and 'vyQog, ' hu- 
 mid.' A liquid or moist preparation for allay- 
 ing topical inflammation. 
 
 FAS D'ANE, Tussilago. 
 
 PASMA, Catap^sma. 
 
 PASQUEFLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla. ' 
 
 PASSA, Paronychia. 
 
 PASSjE CORINTHIAC^ see Titis Corin- 
 
 PASSAGES, digestive, Ways, digestive 
 — p. Second, Ways, second. 
 FASSE-FIERRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 FASSERAGE SAUVAGB,Cnida.mme-pia- 
 
 tPRSlS 
 
 PASSIFLORA LAURIFO'LIA, Bay-leaved 
 pa.ssion flower. A native of Surinam. The 
 fruit has a . delicioiis smell and flavour, and 
 quenches thirst, abates heat of the stomach, in- 
 creases the appetite, &c. 
 
 PASsiJioiiA Mamfoh'mis, Apple-shaped Gra- 
 nadil'la. The fr,uit of this species is esteemed 
 a delicacy iii the We^t Indies, whereat is served 
 up at table in desserts. 
 
 PASSIO, Disease, Passion — p. liEmoptoica, 
 Haemoptysis — p. Cadiva, Epilepsy — p. Car- 
 diaca, Cardialgia-^p. Cceliaca, Coeliac flux — p. 
 Cholerica, Cholera— p. Felliflua, Cholera— p. 
 Hsemoptoica, Haemoptysis— p. Hypochondriaca, 
 Hypochondriasis— p. Hysterica, Hysteria— p. 
 Iliaca, Ileus — p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro- 
 poplitaea — p. Pleuritica, Pleuritis — p. Sto- 
 machica. Dyspepsia— p. Ventriculosa, Coeliac 
 flux. 
 
 PASSION, Fas'sio, An'imi Pathe'ma, Af- 
 fec'tus, Emo'tio, from patior,passus, ' to suffer.' 
 An active affection or emotion of the mind ; as 
 rage, terror, love, hatred, &c. 
 
 Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Passiflora 
 lanrifolia— i>. Hysterique, Hysteria — p. Iliac, 
 Ileus. 
 
 PASSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the mind. 
 
 PASSIVE, Fassi'vus. Same etymon as Pas- 
 sion. An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
 
 to a greater or less diminution of the strength, 
 or which are without apparent reaction. Thus, 
 passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in 
 debilitated individuals, or under conditions in 
 vvhich increased action of the arteries can 
 scarcely be presumed. The term passive has 
 also been given to aneurisms of the heart with 
 extenuation of the parietes ; in opposition to 
 active aneurisms, with thickness of the parietes 
 — hypertrophy. 
 
 PASSULJ: MAJORES, see Vitis vinifera— 
 p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 PASSULA'TUM, U^cb passes, 'raisins, dried 
 grapes.' A medicine in which the pulp of rai- 
 sins is a chief ingredient. ' ' 
 
 PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 village is in; the vicinity of Paris. There are 
 several ' springs containing sulphates of lime, 
 iron and magnesia,, alum', common salt, carbo- 
 nate of iron, carbonic acid, &c.. They are em- 
 ployed as a tonic and astringent. 
 
 PASTA DE ALTH^A, Paste, marshmal- 
 low — p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) — p. 
 de Dactylis.j Pasje, date — p. Emulsiva, Confec- 
 tion (almond) — p. de 'Jujubis,'Paste of jujubes 
 — p. Regia, Confection Xalmond.) ^ 
 
 . Pasta Glycyrehi'z.e Gumma'ta et Anis^.'- 
 T^ seu Massa de extraetp glycirrhi'zie. A com- 
 pound of extraiit of liquorice,' gwm Seneghl, sti- 
 gar, Florence orris rootj and volatile oil of ani- 
 seed. -Demulcent. 
 
 PASTE, Fasta, (F.) Pate, A compound 
 medicine like the pastil, but less consistent, 
 flexible, less saccharine, and more mucilagi- 
 nous. 
 
 Paste, Date, Massa seu pasta de dac'tylis. 
 Composed of- dates, sugar, gum Arabic, watery 
 and orange flower water. Ph. P. Dernulcent. 
 . Paste of Ju'jubes, Fasta de ju'jubis, Missa 
 de zizypho'rum fructu : composed of jujubes, 
 gum Senegal, sugar, water', and tincture of 
 lemon peel. Demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Maeshmal'low, Massa de gitmmi 
 Arab'ico, Fasta de althce'd. A compound of 
 gum Arabic, Sugar, white of egg, and orange, 
 flower water. Ph. P. It is demulcent. 
 
 Paste, Tooth, Dentifricium — p. Vienna,.see 
 Powder, Vienna — p. Ward's, Confectio piperis 
 nigri. , , 
 
 PASTEL, Fastil'lus, Diocres, Avic'ula Ci'p'- 
 ria, Cande'la fuma'lis^ Fhthois, Fhthois'cus. 
 A compound, of aromajtic substances in various 
 shapes; used as a fumigating material when 
 set fire to. See Fumigation. 
 
 The French use the term Fastille, (L.) 
 Fastillus, for a solid, dry, round, oblong, 
 square, or triangular cornpound, whose base' is 
 essential oil, and sugar the excipient. These 
 pastilles are in fact small lozenges, and only 
 differ from the tablette in theirsmaller size. 
 
 Pastel, Isatis tinctoria. 
 , PASTkQUE, Cucurbita citruUus. 
 
 PASTILLES, FUMIGATING, see Fumi- 
 gation. 
 
 PASTILLI EMETINE PECTORALES, 
 Trochisci emetinae pectorales. 
 
 Pastil'li de MenthX Pipeei'ta, Pepper- 
 mint drops. (Sacek. alb., aquce m^nthsepip,, aq. 
 destillat, aa ,^ij. Boil to the consistence of an 
 electuary. Take of fine white sugar iri pow- 
 der, ^iv, volatile oil of peppermint, gss. Mix, 
 and add the electuary whilst warm. Drop it 
 then on marble, and dry the ^drops, Fh. P.) 
 
PASTILLUS 
 
 633 
 
 PATTE'D'OIE 
 
 PASTILLUS, Pastil. 
 
 PASTINA'CA OPOP'ANAX. The name 
 of the plant which furnishes the Opoponaie. 
 The plant, whence the gum resin is obtained, 
 has, also, been called Opopanacum, Panasr.' 
 heracle'vm,, Panaai costi'mim, Pastina'eea, 
 Kyna, Her' cuhs -all -heal, Opop' anaxwort, 
 Opopanaa;, Opopana'cis guinmi-fesi'tia,, Gezir, 
 Pdp'anans, Gummi Panacis, exudes from the 
 roots when wounded. Its odour is strong and 
 peculiar; taste, bitter and acrid. ' It is met 
 with in the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yelloW 
 colour, without ; white withiif. . It has been 
 recommended as an antispasniodic and emme- 
 iiagogue; but is seldom used. P^se, gr. x. to 
 2ij in powder. 
 
 Pastima'ca Sati'ya, Elfipkohos'cum, Pasti- 
 naca "sylves'tris, Ban'ica, Garden parsnep. 
 The root is sweet and nutritious, and is, ifi es- 
 teem as an article of food. It has been used as 
 a diuretic and demulcent in calculous afiections, 
 &c. 
 
 Pastinaca SylvestriSjP. sativa-^p. Sylves- 
 tris tenuifolia officinarum, Ifaupus carota. 
 
 P Jl TE, Paste-r- i>. Arsenitiale, Arsenical 
 paste. , ' , ' - 
 
 PATELLA, Sct'ula, S. genu, Epigon'atis,, 
 Epigon'tis, Acromy'lS, Epigou'riis seu Epigu'- 
 nis seu Epigo'nis, Mola seu Conchatsew Oc'if- 
 lus seu' Orbis seu Scutwm genu, Os scutifor'fne 
 seu disciforme seu thyreoi'des, Supergtnua'Us, 
 Cauealoi'des, My'lacris, Myli, Gamba, Olec'- 
 ranon mab'ilBj (P.) Rotule. Diminutive of pa- 
 tina, ' a dish,' so called from , its shape. A 
 sort of sesamoid, flat, short, thick, rounded 
 bone, situate in front of the knee, and en- 
 veloped in the substance of the tendon cogi- 
 mon to the extensor muscles of the leg. The 
 posterior surface of the patella is divided 
 into two facettes, united angularly, which are 
 encrusted ivith cartU'age, and each of which is 
 articulated with one of the condyles of the fe- 
 mur. The patella is developed by a single 
 point of ossification. When the patella is frac- 
 tured, it is difficult to produce bony union. 
 This can only be accomplished by keeping the 
 fractured extremities closely in apposition. , 
 ■ Patella, Cup — p. Fixa, Olecranon. 
 
 PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis. 
 
 PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm., 
 
 PATHEMA, Affection, Disease. 
 
 PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology, 
 
 PATHET'IC, Pathet'ious, from Tra&tw, 'to 
 feel.' Thskt which moves the passions. A 
 name given to the supefior oblique muscle of 
 the eye, and, also, to a nerve. ' 
 
 Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the 
 Eye. 
 
 Pathetic Nerve, Nervus Pathef'ieus, N. 
 trochlea' ris seu trochleato' rius seu trochlea'tor, 
 the ^th pair of nerves, (F.) Oculo-musculaire 
 , interne. (Ch.,) Nerf patketique, is the small- 
 est encephalic nerve. It arises behind the in- 
 ferior part of the tube^cula quadrigemina (the 
 testes) at the lateral parts of the valvula Vieus- 
 senii. Its roots, unite into one thin round 
 cord, which makes a turn upon the peduncles 
 of the brain and passes into a'canal of the dura 
 mater near the posterior clinoid process, It 
 enters the orbit by the broadest part of the 
 sphenoidal fissure, and terminates in the supe- 
 rior oblique muscle of the eye, by dividing 
 into several filaments. 
 41 
 
 PATHIC, Morbid. 
 
 PATHICAL, Morbid. 
 
 PATHICUS, Morbid. 
 
 PATHNE, Alveolus. 
 
 PATHOGENET'IC, Pathogenet'icus, Pa- 
 thogen'ictis . Same etyrhon as the next. Re- 
 lating to pathogeny. 
 
 Pathogenetic Physiology,' Physiolog"ia 
 pathogenet'ica. That part of physjolbgy which 
 retees to the origin of disease. 
 
 PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic. 
 , PATHOG"ENy, Pathogen'ia, ' Nosogen'esis, 
 Nosog6n'ia,iiomira9ot, 'a disease,' and yivfir/c, 
 ' generation.' The branch of pathology which 
 relates to the generation, production and de- 
 velopment of -diseas,e. 
 
 PATHOGNOMON'IC, Pathognomon'icue, 
 Signum conjunc'tvm seii characteris'tie-Um seu 
 morbi ess'entia'li ; from nado;, 'an affection,' 
 and yivoaxu, ' I know.' A characteristic symp- 
 tom of a disease. 
 
 PATHOG'RAPHY, Patkograph'ia,irom aa.- 
 ■S-os, '"disease,' and y^iiifw, 'I describe.' A 
 description of disease. 
 
 PATHOLOGIA, Patholpgy— pt Humoralis, 
 Humorism— p. Solidaris, Solidism. 
 
 PATHOLOC'ICAL, Pdtholog"icti^, Pathol'- 
 ogus ; same etymon as pathology. Relating to 
 j)a,thology. 
 
 Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 PATHOL'OGIST, Pathol'ogus. Same ety- 
 mon. One versed in pathology. 
 
 ¥KT:W>VOGY,Pathematol'ogy, PathoU^'- 
 ia, Pajtheina£olog"ia, ■Eatholog''ice, from Tra&o^y 
 'a disease,' and Mynt, 'a discourse.' The 
 branch of medicine whose object is the know- 
 ledge of disease. It has been defined diseased 
 physiqlogy, and physiology of disease. It is 
 divided into general and special. The first con- 
 siders diseases in common ;— the.iecoMc? the par- 
 ticular history of each. It is subdivided into in- 
 ternal and external, or medical and surgical. 
 
 Pathology, Hcmobal, Hurhorism. 
 
 PATHOMA'NIA, Parapathi'a, Moral In- 
 sanity, from TTuSas, 'a disease,' and mania. 
 Ma'nia sine Delir'io. A morbid perversion of 
 the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, 
 temper, habits, moral disposition, and natural 
 impulses, without any remarkable disorder or 
 defect of the intellect or knowing and reasoning 
 faculties, and particularly without any insanity 
 or. hallucination. 
 
 PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 PATHOS, Affection, Disease. 
 
 PATIENCE, Rumex patientia— }). d'Ecm, 
 Rumex hydrolapathum — p. Garden, Rumex pa- 
 tientia — p. Rouge, Ruiiiex sanguineus — p. Sau- 
 vage, Rumex acutus. 
 
 PATIENT, see Sick. 
 
 PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia. 
 
 PATIENTIvE MUSCULUS, Levator sca- 
 pulae. 
 
 PATNE, Alveolus. 
 
 PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 PATOR NA'RIUM. The cavity or the 
 opening of the nostrils. 
 
 PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.) 
 
 PATTE D'OIE (F.), 'Goose's foot.' An 
 aponeurotic expansion, which covers the inter- 
 nal surface of the tibia at its upper part, and 
 consists of the expansion formed by the tendons 
 of the sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendiaosus 
 muscles. 
 
PATUESA 
 
 634 
 
 PECTINIFORM 
 
 PATURSA, Syphilis. 
 
 PAUj (CLUVfATE OP.) Pau is, the capital 
 of the department of the Lower Pyrenees ; and 
 is about 150 miles from Bordeaux, and 50 from 
 Bayonne. The climate corresponds -with that 
 of the south-west of Franpe generally; its great 
 quality is the comparative m ildness qf its spring, 
 and exemption from cold winds. • It is regarded 
 as a favourable winter residence ibr invalids 
 labouring under chronic .affections of, the mu- 
 cous membranes. It is too changeable for the 
 consumptive; and to be avoided by the rheu- 
 matic. 
 
 PAIJLLIN''IA. This is an extract from a 
 plant bf the same name in Brazil. It is pre- 
 pared by the Indians, and appears to possess ex- 
 citant powers. In Brazil, and the neighbour- 
 ing countries, it is given in . the form of ti- 
 sane — the powder being mixed with cocoa — in 
 diarrhoea and dysentery. , It has been employed 
 also as a tonic. An extract is prepared in Bra- 
 zil from the Paullinia sorbilisj knpwn there 
 under the name of Cruarana, which is admi- 
 nistered in sitnilar pathological cases. 
 
 PAUME HE LA MAIN, Palm. 
 
 PAUNCH, Ingluvies. 
 
 PAUONTA, Sediatives. 
 
 PAUPIkRE, Palpebra. 
 
 PAUSIME'NIA, from vt-upn, 'cessation,' 
 and /itivis," menses.' Cessation of the menses. 
 
 PAVANA WOOD, Crotontiglium. 
 
 PAVIL'ION. The Prenfch give the name 
 pavilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal 
 or cavity, for example, of a catheter, sound, &c. 
 
 Pavilion of the Eak, Auric'ula, Pinna, 
 O'tium, Ala, (P.) Atiricule ou Oricule, Pa- 
 vilion de I'ordtle, is se3,ted behind the cheeks, 
 beneath the teUiple, and anterior to the mastoid 
 process. Its size varies in individuals. It is 
 free above,, behind, and below. Anteriorly and 
 within, it is continuous with the neighbouring 
 parts. Its outer surface has several promi- 
 nences, the Helix, Anthelixi Tragus, Antitra- 
 gus, and Lobe; and several cavities — thegroove 
 of the Helix, the fossa navicularis sen sed- 
 phoides, and the Concha. The skin which 
 covers the "pavilion is very fine, and studded 
 with a number of sebaceous follicles. The? 
 auricle is fixed to the head by three fibro-cellu- 
 lar ligaments j — a superior, anterior, and posr 
 terior. , 
 
 PAVILLON BE L'OREILLE, Pavilion of 
 the ear — p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiand. 
 
 PAVIMENTUM cerebri. Base Of the 
 brain. 
 
 PAVINA, ^sculus hippocastanum. 
 
 PAVITA'TIO, Tremor; tiompavor, ' dread.' 
 Trembling for fright. ' 
 
 PAVOFHOBIA, Pariophobia. 
 
 PAYOR, (L.) Dread, i Great fright. Pano- 
 phobia. 
 
 Pavo'ees Nocxur'hi seu Dormien'tium. 
 Pear during sleep. 
 
 PAVOT, Papaver. 
 
 PAZAHAR, Bezoar. 
 
 PEA, GROUND SQUIRREL, Jeffersonia 
 Eartoni — p. Love, Abrus precatorius — p. Nut, 
 Arachis hypogea — p. Turkey, Galega Virgi- 
 niana. 
 
 PEACH BRANDY, Amygdalus Persica— p. 
 Tree^ Amygdalus Persica — p. Wood, see Cje- 
 salpinia. 
 
 PEAGLE, Primula veris. 
 
 PEAR, see Pyrus malus. 
 
 PEARL, Ferla, Mar'gtfron, Margari'ta, 
 MargelliuTn, Marge'lis-, TJ'nio, (P.) Perle, ' A 
 roundish concretion of a ^silvery white colour, 
 and brilliant polish, found in several shells, and 
 especially in the Avic'ula margaritif' erji, which 
 has, hence, been called Mater perl.a'rum, Mar- 
 gari'ta and Mother of pearl, and is much used 
 in the fabrication of handles for surgjeat iiistru- 
 ments, &c'. .Pearls were formerly given in 
 powder as astringents and antacids^ They coh>- 
 sist of lime and an animal matter. 
 
 Peael Ash, Potash of commerce — ^p. Mpther 
 of, see Pearl — p.. White, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
 
 PEAV, Cutis. 
 
 PEAUeiER, Platysma myoidest 
 
 PECCANT, Ptocans, from peccare, ' to sin.' 
 An epithet given by the humourists to the h«-. 
 mours when erring in quality or quantity. 
 
 FECHEDEON, Perinaiiim. 
 
 PECHEB, Amygdalus Persica. 
 
 PECHIAGRA, Pechy&gra. 
 
 PECHURIM CORTEX. A highly aromatic 
 bark, the produce of a species of laurus. It is 
 extremely fragijant, like that of cinnamon, which 
 it greatly resembles in its properties. In Por- 
 tugal it is used in the cure of dysentery, &c. 
 
 PECH'Y AGRA, Pech'iagra,Ancon.'agra,Pe0: 
 tihagra, from rniyvg, ' the elbow,' and ij-ja, ' a 
 seizure.' Gout affecting the elbow. 
 
 PECHYS', Elbow. 
 
 PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica. 
 
 PECTE, Cheese. 
 
 PECTEN, Pubes. Also, a comb. 
 
 Pecten Dentium, Sep"es dentium — p. Veneris, 
 Scandix cerefoliura. 
 
 PECTIHAGRA, Pechyagra. 
 
 PECTIN, from ttsxtis, 'a coagulum.' A 
 name given by Bracorinot to a principle which 
 forms the basis of vegetable jelly. It is exten- 
 sively diffused in the juices of pulpy fruits and 
 roots, especially when they are mature, and oc- 
 casions these juice? to coagulate when they are 
 mixed with alcohol or boiled with sugar. 
 
 It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen- 
 tary principles of Dr. Pereira — the peetina- 
 ceous. 
 
 PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous. ■ 
 
 PECTINA'LIS, fiom pecten, 'the pubes;' 
 PeetincB'us, Mus'culus- liv'idus, > Pectina'tuSy 
 Pubio-femoral, SiispuHo-femoral (Ch.),' (F.) 
 Fectine. This muscle is situate, at the inner 
 and upper part of the thigh. It is long, flat, 
 and triangular ; is attached,>above, to the space 
 which separates the ileo-pectineal etninence 
 from the spine of the os pubis; and, below, by 
 a flat tendon, to the oblique line which descends 
 from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera. 
 The pectinalis bends the thigh on the " pelvis ; 
 and carries it outwards in adduction and rota- 
 tion. It may also bend the pelvis on the thigh. 
 
 PECTINATED, Pectina'tms, Pectin'iform, 
 (P.) Peftine; from pecten, ' a comb.' Having 
 the shape of a comb. 
 
 Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti tnns'cv.li. 
 The fascicular texture observed in the right 
 auricle of the heart : — Mus'culi Auri&ulce Pec- 
 tina'ti. Their main use probably is — to pre- 
 vent the over dilatation of the auricles. 
 
 PECTINATUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTIN &, Pectinalis, Pectinated. 
 
 PECTINEUS, Pectinalis. 
 
 PECTINIFORM, Pectinated. 
 
PECTINOUS 
 
 635 
 
 PEDUNCLE 
 
 PEC'TINOUS, PeeH^a'ceus, Peetino'sus, 
 Pectina'eeous, from pectin. Of or telonging to 
 pectin or vegetable jelly, — as a pectinous or 
 pecHnaceous vegetable principle. 
 
 PECTORAL; from pectus, 'the breast.' 
 Relatirig^o tha breast. See Pectorals. 
 
 PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis majftr. 
 
 PECTORALE, Corset^ " 
 
 PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularis 
 sterni. 
 
 Pectoka'lisMajoe, from ^e (!<!«,' the breast.' 
 Pectora'lis, Sterno-chido-brachia'lis, (E.) Ster- 
 no-cos^o-clavio-humiral, Sterno-humeral (Ch.), 
 Grand Pectoral. . A large, ilat, triangular 
 muscle, situate at the anterior part of the chest, 
 before the axilla. It is attached, on the one 
 hand, by means of aponeurotic fibres, to the in- 
 ner half of the anterior edge of the clavicle ; to 
 the anterior surface of the sternum, and to the 
 cartilages of the first six true ribs; — on the 
 other, by a strong tendon, which is inserted at 
 the anterior edge of the bicipital groove of the 
 humerus. The use of this muscle is— to move 
 the pxm in various directions. If it be hanging 
 by. the side of the body, it carries it ihwards 
 and a little forwards. When the arm is raised, 
 it depressesit and'carries it inwards. It can also 
 move it in rotation inwards. If the humerus 
 be raised and fixed, the pectoralis major draws 
 the trunk towards the upper extremity'. 
 
 Peotoba'lis MiNOE,Ser>-a'«MS anti'cus minor, 
 (F.) Costo-coracoidien ^Ch.,} Petit Pectoral, 
 Petit dentele anterieur. This mugcleis situate 
 beneath the preceding, at the anterior and upper 
 part of the chest. It is flat and triangular ; 
 is attached by its base, which appears digitated, 
 to theupper edgeand outer surface; of the 3d, 
 4th, and-Stb true ribs, and is inserted at the an- 
 terior part of the coracoid process. The pecto- 
 ralis minor draws the scapula forwards and 
 downwards, and makes it execute a rotatory 
 motion, by virtue of .which its inferior angle is 
 carried backwards, And the anterior depressed. 
 When the shoulder is fixed, it elevates the ribs 
 to which it is attached, and aids in the dilata- 
 tion of the chest. 
 
 PEC'TORALS,Pcc*oro'iM,rAora<!"i(!3. Me- 
 dicines considered proper for relieving, or re- 
 moving affections of|'the chest. ' - 
 
 Pectoeal Deops, Batemah's, consist chiefly 
 of tincture of castor, with some camplior and 
 opium, flavoured by aniseed. t?pay gives the 
 fQllowing formula. Castor^], ol.anisi. gj, camph, 
 gv, coed, giss, ofiii _:5vj, proof spirit, a gallon. 
 
 A form, advised by a committee of the Phjla- 
 (Jelphia College of Pharmacy, is the following : 
 — Alcohol, dil. cong. iv, Santal. rubr. ras.^j, 
 Digere per horas xxiv ; cola, et adde Pulv . opii, 
 Pulv. catechu, Camphorse ■SS.^i], 01. anisii. giv. 
 Digest for ten days. 
 
 PECTORILOQTTE, fxompectus, 'the chest,' 
 and loqui, « to speak.' . Laennec calls thus one 
 who presents the phenomenon of Pectorilo- 
 quism. Also, a stethoscope. 
 1 PECTORILOQUIE, Pectoriloquy-p.C/ieV- 
 ntante, Egophony. 
 
 PECTORILOQUY, Pectonloquism, Cav'er- 
 nous voice, Pectorilo' quia, (F.) Fectoriloquie, 
 Voix eaverneuse, V. .artieiilee. Same etymon. 
 Speech or voice coming from the chest. Laenr 
 nee has designated, by this name, the phenome- 
 non often presented by consumptive individuals, 
 when their chests are examined with the ste- 
 
 thoscope. The voice seems to issue directly 
 from the chest, and to pass through the central 
 canal of the cylinder, — a phenomenon owing to 
 the voice resounding in the anfractuous cavi- 
 ties, produced in, the lungs by the suppuration 
 or breaking down of tubercles, which consti- 
 t^Xe ^abscesses or ulcers of the luncrs. - 
 
 PECTUS, Sternum, Thorax— p. Carinatus, 
 see Carina. 
 
 PECULIUM, Penis. 
 
 PEDAGRA, Potassae supertartras impurus. 
 , FED All, Peda'lis, ixompeslpedis, 'the foot.' 
 Relating to the foot : — as 
 
 Pedal Aponetjeo'sis, (F.) Aponevrose pe- 
 dieuse. A thin, aponeurotic layer, which in- 
 vests the extensor brevis- digitprum pedis, and 
 separates the tpndbns of thefoot from each other. 
 
 PEDESIS, Pujsation. 
 
 PEDETHMOS,^ Pulsation. 
 
 PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'gia, Pedioneural'- 
 gia, from ^rsSrn, ' the^ole of the foot,' and ajij^oc, 
 'pain.' Pain in the sole of ,the foot. Neural- 
 gia of the foot in general. 
 
 PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Tesiculaum- 
 bilicali^. 
 
 PEDKTULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PF.mC'VLlSS,Phtheir,the louse, (¥.)Pou. 
 A genus of parasitic insects,' The human body 
 is infested with three kinds s the Body-louse, or 
 Clothes Louse, Pedic'ulus vestiTnen'ti, (^F.) JPou 
 de corps; the Head-louse, Pedie'ulus cap'itis, 
 (F.) Fou de la tSte, which lives jn the hair ; the 
 Crab-louse, Mor'pio, Fera*lis pedic'ulus, Flat'- 
 ula, Phthi'rius inguina^lis, Pedic'ulus Frcbis, 
 (F.) Morpion, which infests the hair of the 
 puhest* Infusion of tobacco, or mercurial oint- 
 ment, or ointrrient of white precipitate of mer- 
 cury, or the white or red precipitate of mer- 
 cury, readily destroys them. The louse oc- 
 curring in phtheiriasis, j7eaKc'wZ« J tabescun'ti-um, 
 differs from the comnion louse.-;— Vogel. 
 
 PEr)ictji.t;5 Capitis, seePedicuIus — p. Pubis, 
 Crab-louse — p. Tabescentium, see Pedieulus — 
 p. Vestimenti, see Pedieulus. ■ 
 
 PiDlCTJRE, Chiropodiat. ' ' , 
 
 PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
 
 Pi.SIEUXXm.uscle), Extensor brevis digito- 
 rum pedis. 
 
 PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra. 
 
 PEDILU'VIUM, from pedes, 'th.e feet,' and 
 lavx>, 'I wash;' Lampe/dium, (F.) Bain de 
 pied. A bath for the feet. See Bath. 
 
 PEDTON, Sole. 
 
 PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia. 
 
 PEDIUM, Tarsus. 
 
 FiDONCULES DU GERVELET, Cor- 
 pora restiformia. 
 
 PEDORA. The sordes of the 6yes, ears, and 
 feet. 
 
 PED'UNCLE, Pedun'culus. This term has 
 been applied to different proloflgations or ap- 
 pendices of the encephalon, from pes, pe_dis, ' a 
 foot.' Thus, the Peduncles of the brain are 
 the Crura cerebri; the Peduncles of the cerebeV- 
 lum, the Crura cerebelli. 
 
 Peduncles of the Beain, Pedun'culi ce/- 
 ebri, called also Crura anteno'ra meduVlm ob- 
 longa'tcB, are two white corns, about Jths of an 
 inch in diameter, on the outside of the corpora 
 albicantia. They arise from the medullary sub- 
 stance of the brain, and gradually approach, till" 
 
PEDUNCULUS 
 
 636 
 
 PELVIMETER 
 
 they join the tuljer annulare. They-are fornaed; 
 internally, of a mixture of, cineritious and me^ 
 duUary matter ; the former of which, being of 
 a <iarker colour at one point, than in any other 
 part of the brain, has been called Locus niger 
 crurum cerebri. 
 
 Pedumoles of the Cerebellum, Pedun'culi 
 cerebel'H, called also. Crura posterio'ra, are six 
 in number, three on each side — a. superior, a 
 middle, ani an inferior. The superior "pedun- 
 cles are generally known, as the Processus aere- 
 helli ad testes; the inferior are ihsFrocessiis ee- 
 -rehelli ad rrbeduUani oblongatam; and the middle* 
 are called alSo, Cerebel'lar ped'uncles — Proces'- 
 sus cerebel'li ad pantem, and crura of the me- 
 dulla oblongata. 
 
 Peduncles, Infeeioe op the Ceeebellum, 
 Corpora restiformia — p-.of the Medulla Ob- 
 longata, Corpora restiformia. 
 
 Peduncles of the Pineal Gland are two 
 medlillary bands or strips, which seem to issue 
 from the pineal gland, and proceed on each side 
 upon the upper and*^ inner region of the optic 
 thalami. 
 
 Pedunculi Cebebelli, Peduncles of the Ce- 
 rebellum — p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the Brain 
 — p. Medullee Oblongatse, Cdrpora restiformia. 
 PEDUNCULUS, Peduhcie. 
 PEGA, Canthus (lesser.) 
 PEGANEL^'ON, Oleum ruta'eeum, O'leum 
 rutas; from mytLmi, 'lue.' Oil of Rue. 
 PEGANUM, Ruta. 
 PEINE, Hunger. 
 
 PEINOTHERAPIA, Limotherapeia. 
 PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus. 
 PELADA,' a word of uncertain origm,jap- 
 plied to iSopecia, especially to that jSulting 
 from syphilis. , ' ' 
 
 PELA'GIA. A kind of scaly erysipelas of 
 the hands — sometimes of the legs, at others, of 
 the face. Pellagra. (?) 
 PEL AGRA, Pellagra. 
 
 PEL'IC Kii,Pelica'nus, Peleca'nus, Pel'ecaa, 
 Fel'ecas. An instrument, curved at the end like 
 the ' beak of a pelican. Its use is to extract 
 teeth. 
 
 "PELICIDE, Pelu'de, Mel eoctum. Boiled 
 honey. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 PELIDNOMA, Eccbymoma, Pelioma. 
 PELIO'MA, Pelidno'ma, from tcc\os, 'black.' 
 A livid ecchymosis. — Forestus. ' See Ecchy- 
 moma. 
 
 P£LIOffE, Purpura. 
 PELIOSISj Pilrpura hasmorrhagica. 
 PELLA,' Cutis, Prepuce. 
 PEL'L AGRA,i'e/'fflg-ra, Ickthyo'sis Pellagra, 
 Elephanti'asis lidl'ica. Tuber Pellagra, Lepra 
 Mediolanen'sis, L. Lotnbard'ica, Scorbu'tus al~ 
 pl'nus, Ma'nia pella'gria, Erytke'ina endetn'- 
 ii^um seu periagrum,Insolazione de Primavera, 
 Mai del Sole, Dermat'agra, Erysip'elas period'- 
 ica Tiervo'sa chro?i'ica,_Mal de miskre, Paral'- 
 ysis scorbu'tlpa. Scurvy of the Alps, Impeti' go 
 Pellagra, (F.) Scorbut des Alpes; fromTtj;.«,(?) 
 ' skin,' and xyga, ' seizure.' A disease, parti- 
 cularly noticed among the Milanese, which con- 
 sists in the skin becoming covered with 
 wrinkles, and assuming a, scaly appearance, 
 especially in the parts exposed to the air. The 
 strength diminishes, the intellectual faculties 
 and sensations become obscure, and cramps, con- 
 vulsions, and other lesions of muscular contrac- 
 
 tility supervene. It is a singular, endemic af- 
 fectioi}, and has been supposed to follow every 
 where the introduction of Indian corn : hence 
 the name Rapha'nia mdiz'tica, given to it ' by 
 some of the Italian physicians. 
 
 PELLENS; from ;pelUre, fto drive.' Dri- 
 ving; impelling. 
 
 PELLEN'TiAMEDiCAMEN'Tiare medicincs that 
 promote the occurrence of the menstrual or 
 hasmorrhoidal flux. 
 
 PELLICULA SUMM4, Epidermis— p. Su- 
 perior, Epidermis. 
 PELLlCULiE CORDIS, Ostiola cordis. 
 PELLIS, Cutis — p. Summa, Epidermis. 
 PELLITORY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum— p, 
 Bastard, Achillea ptarmica — p. of Spain, An- 
 themi^ pyrethrum— ^p. Wall, Parietaria. 
 PELMA, Sole. - 
 FELOR, Monster. 
 PELORIA-, Monster. 
 PELORIUM, Monster. 
 PELORUM, Monster. 
 PELOTE DE MBR, Pila marina. 
 PELTALiS gE;u PELTATlJS CARTILA- 
 GO, Thyroid cartilage, Xjphoid cartilage. 
 PELTIGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus. 
 PELBDE, Pelicide. 
 ' PELVIC, Pel'vicus, Pelvi'nus. Belonging or 
 relating to the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Aponeurosis, (F.) Aponevrose pel- 
 vienne. A tendinous lamina, given off from 
 the sides of the pelvis, and from the entire 
 circumference of the brim, which passes into 
 and lines the pelvis, and is soon divided into 
 two distinct layers ; — one external, the lateral 
 pelvic Or obturator fastia, which continues to 
 line the sides of the pelvis, and covers the ob- 
 turator internus muscle ; the other internal or 
 superior, .which passes inwards upon the side 
 Of the prostate, bladder and rectum in the male, 
 and of the bladder, vagina and rectum in the fe- 
 malei in order to form the floor of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Cavity, (F.) Cavite pelvienne; the 
 cavity of the pelvis. 
 
 Pelvic Members ; the lower extrernities. 
 Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium; that which 
 faces the pelvic cavity. 
 PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit. 
 P E L V I - TROCHANTE'RIAN, Pelvi-tro- 
 chanteria'nus . That which relates to the pelvis 
 and great trochanter. The Pelvi-tro chante'rian 
 region is formed by the maiiA^-^yramidalis, 
 two obturators, gemini, and quadratus femoris, 
 which pass from the pelvis to the digital cavity 
 of the great trochanter. 
 
 PELVI'METER, Pelycom'eter, Pelyom'eter, 
 Pelicom' eter, Pyelom'eter, from pelvis, and /is- 
 TgD», 'a measure.' A barbarous hybrid. This 
 name has been given to different instruments, 
 invented for measuring the diameters of the 
 pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior or 
 fore-and-aft diameter of the brim. Two have 
 been chiefly employed, especially by French 
 practitioners ; — the Compas d'epaisseur, and the 
 Pelvimeter of Coutouly. 1. The Compas d'e- 
 paisseur or Cal'lipers of Baudelocque, is formed 
 like a pair of compasses — with blunt extremities 
 — the branches of which can be moved at will. 
 One of these is applied to the symphysis pubis, 
 and the other on the sacrum. About three 
 inches must be deducted from this measurement 
 for the thickness of the mons veneris, pubis, 
 and the base of the sacrum. 2. The Pelvimiter 
 
PELVIS 
 
 637 
 
 PENIDIUM 
 
 0/ Cowtouly resemljles the instruments used by 
 shoemakers for measuring the length ofthefoot. 
 The two branches are introduced, in a state of 
 approximation, into the vagina ; and then sepa- 
 rated, so that one tbuches the promontory of the 
 sacrum, the other comes behind the os pubis. 
 It is a barbarous contrivance, and its introduc- 
 tion ought never to be attempted' on, the living 
 subject.. It dogs not, indeed, seem possible to 
 introduce it without mischief. 
 
 The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, 
 and b^ it we can judge Whether the base of the 
 sacEum be unusually prominent. Measurement 
 of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely- 
 cockiroimtre' sis; bom mlul, 'the pelvis,' x^'fi 
 « the hand,' and intrjov, ' measure.' 
 
 PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, (F.) Bassin; so 
 called, because fancied to be shaped like an 
 ancient basin. The part of the trunk which 
 bounds the abdomen below. It is a large, bony, 
 irregular, conpidal cavity, — open above and be- 
 low, — which supports and contains a ~part of 
 the intestines, and the urinary and genital or- 
 gans; and serves, at the same tinie, asa fixed 
 point for the articulation of the lower limbs, the 
 attachment of their muscles, and the execution 
 of their movements. The pelvis supports, be- 
 hind, the vertebral column, and is sustained, 
 before, by the ossa feraorum. It is situate, in 
 the adult, near the middle part of the body, and 
 is composed of four broad, flat, unequally thick 
 bones, differing much in their shape, size, and 
 arrangement, which touch, are articulated at 
 some part of their surface, and intimately united 
 by means of a number of ligamentous fasciae. 
 Of these bones, two are behind, on the median 
 line, — the sacrum and coccyx j the two others 
 are before and at the sides,— the ilia. They 
 are fellaws, and unite, before, with each other. 
 The most.ittiportant parts of the pelvis, in an 
 obstetrical point of view, are the brim and the^ 
 outlet. The Bkim, Angus' tiu abdominal lis, In- 
 tro'itus, Apertu'ra pelvis supe'rior. Upper Open- 
 ing or strait of the Cavity of the Pelvis] (F.) 
 Detroit superieurj D. abdominal, is the narrow 
 part which separates the greater pelvis from the 
 less-r^the fcdse from the true, Pelvis vera seu 
 minor. In ,the well-formed woman, it is ellip- 
 tical, and slightly inclined forwards. Its an- 
 tero-posterior or sacro-pubic diameter, in a stan- 
 dard pelvis, measures 4| inches, but With the 
 soft parts, 3|- inches; its transverse. oi iliac or 
 latiral, 5J inches, but with the soft parts 4 
 inches ; and its oblique with the soft parts,i 4f 
 inches. The Outlet, (F.) Detroit inferieur, 
 D . perineal, Ex'itus, Inferior opening or str'ait, 
 Angus'tia perinsea'lis, forms the lower aper- 
 ture of the pelvis. The ^ antero-posterior di- 
 ameter is here, on account of the mobility of 
 the coccyx, 5 inches: the lateral, 4 inches. 
 The Axis of the Pelvis is important to be 
 known in obstetrics. The Aans of the Brim is 
 , indicated by a straight line drawn from the 
 umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx; — the Axis 
 of the Outlet by a line drawn 'froin' the first 
 ^ bone of the sacrum to the entrance of the va- 
 ':-, giiia. An imaginary curved line which indi- 
 cates the direction of the canal of the pelvis, 
 has occasionally been termed the curve of Ca- 
 y rus, in consequence of its having been pointedly 
 described by the German obstetrician. 
 
 Pelvis Aurium, Cochlea — p. Cerebri, Infun- 
 dibulum of the brain. 
 
 Pelvis of the Kidney, Pelvis rena'lis sen 
 renum. Sinus, Venter sea Alvus Renum, (F.) 
 Bassinet. This is a small, membranous pouch, 
 occupying the posterior part of the fissure of 
 the 'kidney. It is placed behind the renal 
 artery and vein; is elongated from above to 
 below; flattened from before to behind; irre- 
 gularly oval in figure ; and, below, contracts 
 considerably, to be continuous with the ureter. 
 It receives the orjfices of the infundibula, 
 which pour the urine secreted ia the kidney 
 into its cavity. 
 
 Pelvis Minor, , Pelvis — p. Oculahs, Sca- 
 phium oculare— p. Kenalis, Pelvis of the kid- 
 ney— p. Renum, Pelvis of. the kidney— p. Vera, 
 VeWi^. , 
 
 PELYCOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 ;P'EM'V^lGVS,Emp%ly'sisPem'phigus,Pom'- 
 pholyx, from ne/Jtfi^, ' a blis;ter ;' Febris bullo'- 
 saj vesiculdris, ampMo'sa seu pe^nphigo'des 
 seu pemphingo'des, Exanthe'ma serosufn, Mor- 
 ta, Pem'phigus morta. Pemphigus Helveticus, 
 Petrlphigns nlajtr. Pemphigus minor, Morbus 
 bullosus sevtvesicula'rif seu a7rtpulla'ceus-,Pem'- 
 phinx, Pemphix, Pemphyx, Typhus vesicula'- 
 tis, Vesic'ularFever,Biaddery Fever, (V.)Fievre 
 bulleuse, F. Vesieulaire. A disease, defined to 
 ojnsist of vesicles, scattered over the body ; 
 transparent, filbert-sized, with a red, inflamed 
 edge, but without surrounding blush or tume- 
 faction ; on breaking, disposed to ulcerate ; fluid, 
 pellucid or slightly coloured ; fever, typhous. It 
 is- doubtful whether any such idiopathic fever 
 have ever existed : the probability is, that the fe-, 
 ver and vesications havebeen an accidental com- 
 plication. Cullen thinks the Pemghigus Hel- 
 veticas must' have been malignant'sore throat. 
 If, however, such a distinct disease did exist, it 
 vras probably only as an endemico-epidemic. 
 
 Pemphiq^s Major, Pemphigus— p. Minor, 
 Pemphigus^p. Morta, Pemphigus — p. Vario- 
 }odes„ see Varicella; 
 PEMPHINX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHIX, Pemphigus. 
 PEMPHYX, Pemphigus.,, 
 ' PEMPT^A FEBRIS, Quintan. 
 PENiEA MUCRONATA, see Sarcocolla— 
 p. Sarcocolla, Sarcocolla. 
 
 PENCIL.-LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro- 
 cesses. • 
 
 PENDULUM PALATI, Velum pendulum 
 palati.'- V , , - 
 
 PENETRATING, Pen'etrans, from pene- 
 trare, {penitus intrare,) 'Ao go into.' A'wound 
 is so called which penetrates one of the great 
 splanchnic cavities — Vulnus Penetrans. 
 
 A medicine is, also, io called, which is sup- 
 posed to pass through the pores arid' stimulate. 
 
 PENTCILLUM, Compress, Penicillus. 
 ■ PENICIL'LUS, Penicill'im,_ ' a painter's 
 brush;' diminutive of penis, 'a tail.' A tent 
 or pledget. The secreting glandiform' extremi- 
 ties of the vensB ports, (4i:"i».i bilio'si) have 
 been so termed, as w'ell as the villous textures. 
 Penioillus, Tent. 
 PENICULUM, Compress. 
 PENICULUS, Tent. 
 PENIDES, Saccharum hordeatum. 
 PENID'IUM, Penidium saechara'tum,. A 
 kind of clarified sugar, made up into rolls. 
 Barley sugar. It is demulcent; see Saccha- 
 rum hordeatum. 
 
P&NIL 
 
 638 
 
 PERCEPTION 
 
 FENIL, Mons veneris. 
 
 PENIS, ' a tail,' from penifere, -' to hang 
 down;' CaUlis, Coles, Cautes, Caulos, Men'- 
 titla, Menta, FhdU'Us, Posthe,Pros'thiMm, Cri- 
 the, Cor'i/ne,, Vomer, Pater om'rmum viven'tium, 
 Pria'pus, Virga, V^.mri'lis, V. genita'lis, Ve- 
 re'trum, Sathe, Membrum viri'll, Membrum, 
 Vet iua, 'Viri'le, ' Pars Viri'lis. Membrum semi- 
 nale sen genitale viro'rum, Moriori, Cyan, Sic'- 
 vla, Tentum, Sasta, H. nuptia'lis, H: viri'lis, 
 Vas, Vas'culum, Pecu'Uiim, Vir'gflla, Vir, Thyr- 
 sus, Tensus, ClavuSy Cauda salax, Cauda, 
 Fas'pinum,F. viri'll, Muto, Nervus, N- fistu- 
 lo'sus se\x fistnla'ris seujuveni'lis, Per'tica ner 
 se, Scapus, Vena, Contus, Telum, Gurgu'lio, 
 Sceptrum, Arma, G-la'dius, Lu'bricum Caput, 
 Muti'nus, Palus, Pes'sulus,, F-a'dix, Famus, 
 Futab'ulum, Arma Ventris, Columbia adstans 
 inguin'ibus, Columna,Pyr'qm,is, Trabs, Spina, 
 Cdtapulta viri'lis, Verp'a, Machtz'raj Taurus; 
 the Yard, Male organ, &c. (F.) Ver^e, Membre 
 viril. This organ, the use of which is to carry 
 the seminal fiuid into the feimale organs of ge- 
 neration, is cylindroid, long, and erectile, and 
 situate before and beneath the symphysis pu- 
 bis. In the ordinary state, it is soft and pen- 
 dant in front of the scrotum: During erection, 
 it becomes elongated, upright, and assumes a 
 .triangular shape. Its upper surface is called 
 the Dorsum penis, (F.) Das de la verge ; andj 
 at its anterior surface, there is a lohgitudinal 
 projection formed by the canal of the urethra. 
 The two sides of the penis are round, and its 
 posterior extremity or root "is attached to the 
 pelvis. Its anterior extremity is free, and pre- 
 sents the glans, prepuce, and orifice qf the ure- 
 thra. Thg penis is' formed of the corpora ca- 
 vernosa, the principal seat of erection ; the cor- 
 pus spongiosum of the urethra for the convey- 
 ance of the urine and sperm, and of the glans, 
 which terminates the canal. The Arteries of 
 the penis are branches of the internal pu'dic. 
 The Veins correspond with thearteries. The 
 Nerves are from the internal pudic. 
 
 Penis Cerebri, Pineal gland — p. Fcemiheus, 
 Clitoris — p. LipodermuB, Paraphimosia-^p. Mu- 
 liebris. Clitoris. ' - < ' 
 
 PENNATUS, Penniform. 
 
 P E N' N I F R M,' Pennifor'mis, Penna'tus, 
 itora penna, 'a pen,' and forma, 'form..' An 
 epiSlet for muscles whose fleshy fibres are in- 
 serted on each side of a middle tendon, like the 
 feathers of a pen on their common stalk. 
 
 PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi. 
 
 PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegiunj, Hedeo- 
 ma pulegioides^p. Hart's, Mentha cervina. 
 
 PENSACOLAi see Saint Augustine, 
 
 PENSiE, Viola tricolor— ^. Sauvage, Vio' 
 la tricolor. 
 
 PENTAMYRON, Pentama'ron, from nivri, 
 ' five,' atidfAui'v, ' ointment.' An ancient oint- 
 ment, consisting of five ingredients. These are 
 said to have been — storax, mastich, wax, opo- 
 balsam, and unguetitum nardinum. — Paulns, and 
 Aetius. 
 
 PENTAPHAR'MACON, from ttivti, ' five,' 
 and ipnQfiMov,' remedy.' Any medicine con- 
 sisting of five ingredients. 
 
 PENTAPHYLLUM, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Pe«to««7j'- 
 cftus, from TTtpTE, 'five,' and tsu/oc, 'a book,' 
 which signifies the five books of Moses — Gene- 
 sis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deutero- 
 
 nomy. By analogy, some Surgeons have given 
 the natne Surgical Pentateuch to the division 
 of external diseases into five classes : — wounds, 
 ulcers, tumours, luxations, and fractures. 
 
 PENT ATH'ETUM, from ntvT,, 'five,' and 
 ■ttSfvat, 'to place.' An ancient plaster con- 
 sisting of five ingredients. 
 
 PENULA, Ingluvies. 
 
 PENZANCE, CLIMATE OF. This is the 
 chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, Eng- 
 land, during the winter. It is situated-on 
 Mount's Bay, about ten miles from the Land's 
 End.- It is 5^° warmer in winter than London ; 
 2° colder in summer ; scarcely 1° warmer in 
 the spring, and only about 2^° warmer in the 
 autumn. It is a very favourable winter resi- 
 dence for the phthisical invalid. 
 
 PEONY, Paeonia. 
 
 PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation. 
 
 PEPANTieOS, Maturative. 
 
 PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation. 
 
 PEPAS'TIG, Pepas'ticus, from mrnivm, « 1 
 concoct.' . A medicine supposed to have the 
 power of favouring the concoction of diseases. 
 Maturative. 
 
 PEPEIEUS, Concocted. 
 
 PEBINO, (S.) A'cacMrJJteeeffl, which is cul- 
 tivated in great abundance in the fields of Peru. 
 The pulp or edible part is solid, juicy,^and well 
 flavoured; but is apt to disagree. 
 
 PEPO, Cuenrbita pepo. 
 
 PEPPER, BLACK, Piper nigrum— p. Cay- 
 enne, Capsicum annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cu- 
 beba — p. Guinea, Capsicum annunm — p. Ja- 
 maica, My rtus Pimento — p. Long, Piper longurrj 
 — p. Poor-man's, Polygonum hydropiper — p. 
 Tailed, Piper cubeba — p. Turnip, Arum tri- 
 phyllum — rp. Water, Polygonum hydropiper — 
 p. Water, of America, Polygonum punctatum — 
 p. Wall, Sedum— p. White, Piper album. 
 
 PEPPERWORT, Lfepidium. 
 
 PEPSIN, Peps'inum, Chy'mosin, Gas'terase, 
 from jrtt^ic, ' coction.' A peculiar organic 
 matter, whith in combination with' the gastrie 
 acids, is considered to form the proper diges- 
 tive solvent. Its chemical constitution is un- 
 known. It would appear that its presence is 
 necessary to induce changes in the elements of 
 the food, which may enable the gastric acids to 
 act upon them so asto fofxa chyme. 
 
 PEPSINUM, Pepsin. 
 
 PEPSIS, Coction, Digestion. 
 
 PEPTIC, Pep'ticus, from nsTrrm, ' I ripen.' 
 An agent that promotes digestion, or is di- 
 gestive. Also, applied adjectively to an article 
 of food that is easy of digestion. | 
 
 PERACUTUS, Catoxys. 
 • PERARTICULATIQ, Diarthrosis.. 
 
 PERATODYNIA, Cardiilgia. 
 
 PERCE-CRANE, Perforator. 
 
 PERCE-FEITILLE, Bupleurnm rotundifo- 
 lium. 
 
 PERCE-MOtrSSE, Polytrichura. 
 
 PEROE-PlERRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
 
 PERCEP'TA, from yercipere, ' to perceive,' 
 ' receive.' A word used by some writers on 
 hygiene to indicate, in a general manner, the 
 effects of the nervous action on the animal 
 economy ; in other words, the sensations, the 
 functions of the mind, and their deterioration 
 or privation. 
 
 PERCEP'TION, Percep'tio. The apprecia- 
 
CEPTIVITY 
 
 639 
 
 PEfilCARDITIS 
 
 tion wlucli the brain has 6f an impression made 
 
 on an prgan of sense. 
 PERCEPTIVITY. Same etymon. The 
 
 power of perception. 
 PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation, 
 FEUCOLATION, Percola'tio;{Tompercolare, 
 
 (per and (olare,) ' to strain throngh.' The terms 
 
 percol^ion and A'«j)/ac«»!«Bt,have been recently 
 
 ' ecnn pharmacy 
 sists in placing any substance, the virtues of 
 
 appliecnn pharmacy to an operation which oon- 
 
 ■which have to be extracted by a menstruum, on 
 a funnel, having a septum perforated with 
 holes, or its tube stuffed with cotton or tow, 
 ajid pouring fresh portions of the menstruum 
 upon it until all its virtues have been extracted. 
 The operation is used in the formation of cer- 
 tain infusiops, extracts, tinctures, &c. 
 
 PERCUS'SION, Epiirou'sis, Fercus'sia, from 
 percutere, (.per, and quatere,) ' to strike.,' When 
 immediate or direct percussion is made on the 
 chest oj 2ibdomen, the more or less^ perfect reso- 
 nance is an index of the state of the contained 
 orgaijs ; and the physician is thus aided in his 
 diagnosis. For this purpose the chest may be 
 struck with the fingers, gathered into a bun- 
 dle, and their tips placed upon a level. It is 
 better, however, to employ Mediate percussion, 
 ■which consists in interp6sing,between the point 
 of the fingers and the chest, the £nger of the 
 other hand, or a Plexim'eter, and striking this 
 instead of the naked chest. 
 Percussion, Atjscultatoey, see Acouophonia. 
 FERGUTEUR COURSE A MARTEAU, 
 fF,) An instrument used by Baron Heurteloup 
 in the operation of lithotomy, in whi«h a hara^ 
 mer is employed instead of a screw, to force 
 together- the blades of the instrument on the 
 foreign body. 
 
 PERDO'NIUM. A medicated wine of herbs. 
 — Paracelsus. 
 PEEETERI0M, Trepan. 
 PEKETORIUM, Trepan. 
 PER'FORANS, from perforare, (per, and 
 forare,) ' to bore through.' A name given to 
 diiferent muscles, whose tendons pass through 
 intervals between the fibres or tendons of other 
 muscles ;, thence called perforated. See Flexor 
 Longus Digitorum, &c. Under the name Per'- 
 forcUin^ Ar'teriea, are included,,!. In the hemd 
 — arterial branches, given off by the profound 
 palmar arch, whiph traverse _the musples and 
 interosseous spaces. 2. In the thigh— \}a-T:ee.oi 
 four arteries, furnished by the prpfupda, which 
 pass through the openings of the abductor mag- 
 nus. 3. In the foot-T-the anterior and superior 
 branches of the plantar arch. 
 
 Perfoeans Casseri'i," see Cutaneous-^p. 
 Manus, Flexor profuildus perforans — p. Pro- 
 fundus, Flexor longus digitorum pedis profun- 
 dus perforans. 
 PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus. 
 PERFORATINGARTERIES,seePerforans 
 PERFORATIO, Perforation— p. Cranii, see 
 Perforatorr— p. Intestinorum, Enterobrosis— p. 
 Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis. 
 
 PERFORA'TION, Perfora'tio, Anatre'sis, 
 
 Diatre'sis, from perforare, 'to pierce.' An 
 
 accidental opening in the continuity of organs, 
 
 either from an external or internal cause. 
 
 Perforatiom, Paracentesis— p. de I'Estomae, 
 
 Gastrobrosis — p. des Intestins, Enterobrosis 
 
 p. Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the. 
 
 . PER'FORATOR,/'er/oraio'm«»,(F.)P«r(!e- 
 
 crane. An instrument for opening the head of 
 the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to di- 
 minish its size. The operation ia called Cepha- 
 lotom'ia, Perfora'tio cra'tiii. 
 PERFORATORIUM, Pefforator. 
 PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced. 
 Anatomists have given this narrie to musqles 
 whose fibres br tendons separate tc suffer other 
 parts to pass through them. Such, are the F/ea;o»' 
 brevis digitorum pedis, F. sublimis 'perforatus, 
 and Coraco-hrachialis . 
 Perforatus Casserii, Coraco-brachialis. 
 FERFRIC'TIO, PerfHge'rium, Cataps'yx'is, 
 Phipsjfx'is, {lom perfrigere, (per, &nA frigere,y 
 'to shiver with cold.' Considerable refrige- 
 ration. Great sense of cold :-^shivering. 
 PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor. 
 PE&FRIGERIUM, Perfrictio. 
 ~ PERFUSIO, Foi)[ientation<:-p. Frigida, see 
 - Affusion. 
 
 PERI, iriqi,' about, on all sides, round ?ibotit.' 
 An augmentative prefix^ Hence -. 
 
 PERm'RESIS, from Trtg/, 'about,' and 
 aigta, « 1 take away.' A sort of circular in- 
 cision, whichthe ancients made in the neigh- 
 bourhood of lar^e abscesses. The periasresis is , 
 now or\ly practised in some cases of tumours. 
 
 PERIAUGIA, from tieji, 'on all sides,' and 
 aXyof, ' paiii.' A very violent pain. 
 PERIAMMA, Amuletum. 
 PERIAPTON, Amuletum. 
 PERlfeLEMA, Catablema. 
 PERIBLEP'SIS, from .teji, 'around,' and 
 |?A.E7iio, 'I look.' The wild look that accoinpa- 
 nies delirium. — Foesius. , 
 
 PERIB'OLE, from veQi^aUia, ' I surround.' 
 The dfess of a persoYi. The pericardiuni. 
 Also, the translation of morbific matters to- 
 wards the surface of the body. 
 
 PERIBRO'SIS, Pericra'sis, from ne^i^gaatu, 
 (nc^i, and ^(oiq-xai, '1 eat,') 'I eat around.' 
 Ulceration or erosion at the corners of the 
 eyelids. 
 
 PERICAR'DIAC,, Pericar'dial, PeHcardi'- 
 acus; same etyhion as the next. Relating to 
 the pericardium, — as 'pericardial murmur,' 
 'pericardial effusion,' ' periiardial arteries, 
 veins,' &c., &e. 
 
 PERICARDI'TIS, from iti^ixMiiio,,, < the pe- 
 ricardium,' and itis, denoting* inflammation; 
 lnJlam.ma'iioJPericar'd{i, Pleuri'tispericar'dii, 
 Oardi'tis externa seu sero'sa, aeu'memiranp'sa, 
 Exocardi'tis, Infla^ama'tion of the pericardium, 
 (^') Perieardite, Inflammation du Pericarde. 
 This is, probably, the prdper appellation for 
 mbst_ of those cases which have receiv'ed the 
 names of Carditis, Cardipericardi'tis, and Car- 
 dioperica,rdi'tis. Along with signs of pyrexia, 
 the loca;l symptoms resemble those of pheumor 
 nia. Those which point out that the pericardium 
 IS the seat of disease are the following : — pain, 
 referred to the region of the heart, or scrobicu- 
 lus cordis, — sometimes pungent, at oth,^ts, dull 
 and heavy: palpitation, accompanied with spas- 
 modic twitchings in the neighbourhood of the 
 heart, shooting up to the left shoulder; pulsa- 
 tion, and sometimes soreness of the carotids, 
 with tinnitus aurium and vertigo: the breath- 
 ing is by catches : dyspnoea considerable : pulse 
 jarring, jerking, peculiar: the tongue white, 
 covered with a mucous coat, and the skin often 
 •bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism. The 
 physical signs during the first period are as fol- 
 
PERICAKDIUM 
 
 640 
 
 PERIN^PM 
 
 lows. The action of the heart is generally evi- 
 dent to the eye, and may be felt by the hand. 
 There is soreness to the touch over the inter- 
 costal spacesj and over a small surface in -the 
 epigastric region, when the pressure is directed 
 upwards towards the pericardium. Eereussion 
 is usually natural, but at times there is dnlness. 
 On auscultation, the cardiac' movements are 
 found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu- 
 multuous; often irregular and intermittent. 
 The pulse presents corresponding characters. 
 When effusion of lyrtiph' has occurred, percus- 
 sion may be negative, or be but slightly affected. 
 On auscultation, in addition to the preceding 
 signs, there may be one or more of the rubbing 
 or friction iruits resembling the rustling of 
 parchment, <Jr of a sawing or rasping cha- 
 racter. In some cases, the sound is like the 
 creaking of new leather. Thi^ has been sup- 
 posed to be pathognomonic of, effused lymph. 
 The most important point in the pathology of 
 pericarditis is its connexion with acute rheu- 
 matism ; and it forms one of the most dangerous 
 occurrences in the latter disease. It may be 
 acu^ ox chronic : in either case, it is, of course, 
 formidable. The most active depletion must 
 be usedj with large doses of opium, counter- 
 irritants, and all the means required in the 
 most violeiit internar inflammations. 
 
 Peeicaeditis Exsudatoma Sahgtjikolenta, 
 Haemopericardinm. 
 
 PEKICARDIUM, Periear'dion, Ferih'oll, 
 MCembra'na Cor circTimplex'a, Involu'crum, sen 
 Ar'cula seu Capsa seu Cap'sula seu Cam'era 
 seu Indumen'tum seu Pannicfulus sfiu HSimbra- 
 na seu ^eca seu Saccus seu Sdc'culus sen 
 Scrotum seu Yagi'na seu Vesi'ca sen Area seu 
 Thal'amus'rega'lis sen Ampkico'ma seu Bursa 
 Cordis, Sac or Capsule of the Heart, (F.) Pe- 
 ricarde; from wtji, 'around,' and letgJ'ta, 'the 
 heart.' The pericardium is a membranous sac, 
 which envelops the heart, and the arterial and 
 venous trunks that pass from or into it. It is 
 seated in the separation of the mediastinum, 
 above the central aponeurosis of the diaphragm, 
 to which it strongly adheres. Its shape is tri- 
 angular, like that of the heart ; to which it is 
 fitted. The pericardium is composed of two 
 membranes: — the one — external — fibrous; the 
 other — imemal—sevoMS. The latter, having 
 lined the inner surface of the external layer, is 
 reflected over the heart, and covers' it entirely ; 
 without, however, having the heart within it^ 
 in which arrangeirient it resembles other serous 
 membranes. The pericardium envelops the 
 heart; retains it in positipn, and fecilitates its 
 movements by means of the serous fluid, Id- 
 guor seu Aqua seu JHumor seu Lytnyha seu 
 Uri'na Fencar'dii, Hijdrocar'dia, which it con- 
 tains in greater or less quantity. 
 
 The arteries of the pericardium are small, 
 and derived from the superior phrenic, anterior 
 mediasfinal and Tjronchial. The veins accom- 
 pany them, and open into the brachio-cephalic. 
 No nerves, have been traced to it. The lym- 
 phatics enter the lymphatic glands that sur- 
 round the vena cava superior. 
 
 PERICARPIUM, Epicarpium. 
 
 PERICHOLIA, Polycholia. 
 
 PERlCHONDRI'TIS,/n/omma'*ioyen<!Ao»'- 
 drii, from perichondrium, and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the perichon- 
 drium: hence Perichondri'tis laryngeal — In- 
 
 flammation of the perichondrium covering the 
 larynx. 
 
 PERICHON'DllIUM, from vcqi, 'around,' 
 and xor^Q'S} ' a cartilage.' A membrane of a 
 fibrous nature, which covers cartilages that are 
 non-articular, and bears considerable analogy 
 to the periosteum in organization and uses. 
 
 P^RICHRISIS, Circtimlitio, Linim*. 
 
 PERICHRISTON, Circiynlitio, Liniment. 
 
 PEJIICLA'SIS, from vrigi, ' about,' and «x«o, 
 ' I break.' A comminuted fracture, with deni»- 
 dation of the bone. Galen, Foesius. 
 
 PERICLIMENlTM,Lonicerapericlyinennra. 
 
 PERieNE'MIA, from tt^i, < about,' ,and 
 xrr;/i.ri, 'the leg.' The parts S«irroundiiig the 
 tibia; — the tibia itself. 
 
 PERICRANICEDE'MA, from pericranium, 
 and oiitjfia, ' a swelling.' (Edema of the head, 
 owing to fluid effused under the pericraninm. 
 
 PERICRA'NIUM, Periera'nion, pericrania, 
 from 3-Eji, ' around,' and ijawov, ' the cranium.' 
 The periosteum, which covers the cranium ex- 
 ternally. 
 
 PERICRASIS, Peribrosis. 
 
 PERIDER'IA, from sj-spi, 'around,' and iiQjf, 
 ' the neck.' Twisting of the cord round the 
 neck of the child. i 
 
 PERIDES'MIC, Perides'micws ; from nigi, 
 ' around,' and iia/its, ' a ligament.' Some noso- 
 logists have given this name to ischuria caused 
 by a ligature round the penis or by stricture of 
 the urethra. 
 
 PERIDES'MIUM; from srtji, 'around,' and 
 SifT/io;, ' ligament.' The delicate cellular tis- 
 sue covering a ligament. 
 
 PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole. 
 
 PERIiyROMUS, from s-cg<, ' about,' and S^o- 
 /Koc, 'a course.' The extreme circumference 
 of the hairs of the head.-^Gorraeus. = 
 
 PERliESTICOS, Salutary. 
 
 PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see 
 Tongue. 
 
 PERJG'RAPHS:, from rigiy^a^io, {■utii, and 
 5-ga?(o, ' I write,') ' I circumscribe.' The apo- 
 neurotic intersections of the rectus abdommis 
 are so called.^Vesalius. 
 
 PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
 
 PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal. 
 
 PERIMYSIUM, Fas'cia, from * ejj, ' around,' 
 and fivs, ' a muscle.' The cellular mem- 
 brane that surround? a muscle, or its fas- 
 ciculi. The sheath of the whole muscle is 
 termed Perimysium externtim; of the fasciculi 
 Perimysium 'internum, 
 
 PERIN, Peris, from srtja, 'a sac or pouch.' 
 With some, this means the scrotum; with 
 others, the testicle; with others, the vagina; 
 with others, the peritonaeum; and with others, 
 the anus. 
 
 PERIN^SIOCELE, IJeinia, perineal. 
 
 PERIN^'UM, Interfemin'enm, Interfamin'- 
 eum, Interfamin'ium, Interfa'mina, Iterfemin'- 
 eum, Peris, Perin, Perineum, Gressu'ra, Fle- 
 chas, Am'phiplea:, Peche'deon, Mesos'eelon, Me- 
 sos'celus, Bering on, Perince'os, Perine'os, Tra- 
 mis, Tauros, Interf or amine! um, Cbcho'ni, Pli- 
 chos, Mesome'rion, Famen, Re'gip PerinaH, (F.) 
 Perinee, The space at the inferior region of 
 the trunk, between the ischiatic tuberosities, 
 anus, and genital organs. It is smaller in the 
 female than in the male; has a triangular shape, 
 and is divided into two equal parts by a median 
 line, called Raphe. It is occasionally rup- 
 
'ERINiEirS 
 
 641 
 
 PERIPNEUMONIA 
 
 tured in labour. The part between the pu- 
 dendum and an,us is sometimes called ante'riof 
 perina'um, to distipguishit from the part which 
 extends from the aniis to the coccyx, called 
 poiie'rior perinse'tim, 
 
 PERINiEUS, Perineal. 
 
 PERINE'AL, Perina^us, Perinsa'lis, Peri- 
 nea'lis. That Which relates or belongs to the 
 perinaeum ; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, &c. 
 
 Perimeal Aponetjkosis, P. Fascia. 
 
 Perineal Akteby, Arte'riaperintea'lis, Su- 
 perjlcial artery of the Perinaeum. A branch of 
 the internal pudic distributed' to the perinteum. 
 
 Peeineai Fascia, F. Perince'i, Peryne'al apo- 
 neuro'Hs. The fascise — superficial xoA deep- 
 aeated — Perineal lig'ament — which belong to 
 the perinaeum. 
 
 _ Pekime'al Fossa, Fossa perince'i. Ischiorec- 
 tal fossa. A conical fossa, the base of which 
 corresponds with the skin; is formed anteriorly 
 by the transversus perinaei muscle; behind, by 
 the inferior border of the glutaBUS maximus ; in- 
 ternally, by the levator ani; and externally, 
 by the tuber ischiii It is filled up with fkt and 
 fibrous striae. 
 
 Perineal Isohuiha,' Isehu'ria Perinea'Hs 
 A name given by SSuvages to retention of urine, 
 caused by a tumour seated in the periiueum. 
 
 Pekiheal Lisameht, see P. fascia — p. Re- 
 gion, Perinaeum. 
 
 PARIN&E, Perinaeum. 
 
 PERINEPHRI'TIS, (F.) Phlegmon perinl 
 phxetique, from ffsgi, '- around,' yiif^ts, ' kidney,'^ 
 andjiij, denoting inflammation. Ihflammatibn 
 of the external cellftlar and fibrous membranes 
 6f the kidney, or of their investing adipose eel 
 lular tissue. 
 
 PERINEPHRUS, see Kidney. 
 
 PERINEURION, Neurilemma. 
 
 PERYNIC'TIDES, tej/, and yv%, 'night.'. 
 An eruption appearing at night and disappearing 
 by day. — Efotian. 
 
 PE'RIOD,-Pej-io(i««, Periodei'a, Periodeu'sis, 
 Sta'dium, Circu'itus, from negi, ' about,' and 
 ejst, 'way;' Circuit, PenWj are the different 
 phases or revolutions of a disease, — -the epochs 
 which are distinguishable in the cpurse of a 
 disease. Three periods are commojily enume- 
 rated. 1. The augme^ation, increase, or pro- 
 gress, (Incremen'tum;) 2. The acme or height, 
 (F.) jEtat (^Status;) and, 3. The decline (Decre- 
 mentum.) Some authors reckon only the inva- 
 sion and termination. 
 
 Period is sometimes used in describing an in- 
 termittent, for the time between the commence- 
 ment of a paroxysm and that of the next, in- 
 cluding the fit a:s well as interval. 
 
 Periods, Moi<thly, Menses. 
 
 PERIODEIA, Period. 
 
 PERIODEUSIS, Period. 
 
 PERIQDEUTES, Charlatan. 
 
 PERIODICITY, Pmo<i»<;"««to; same ety- 
 mon. The aptitude of certain physiological and 
 pathological phenomena, in health or disease, 
 to recur at particular periods, after longer or 
 shorter intervals, during which intervals they 
 cease completely. Diseases, thus recurring, 
 are called Periodical, — Typo'ses, 
 
 PERIODOL'OGY, Periodolog"ia; from m- 
 fuio!, ' a course or circuit,' and xtyag, ' a dis- 
 course.' The doctrine of periodicity in health 
 and disease. 
 
 PERIODONTI'TIS, (F.) Pinodontite, In- 
 fiammation de la Memlrane alveolo-dentaire, 
 ftoiji TTfgi, ' ^bont,' and ojowt, ' a tooth.' In- 
 flammation of the membrane that lines the 
 socket of a tooth. 
 Periodontitis Ginoivartjm, Ulitis. 
 PERIODUS MORBI, Type— p. Sanguinis, 
 Circulation. 
 
 PERIOD YN'IA, from viqi, and o/uvij, 'pain.' 
 A violent and extensive paiiv. 
 F£RIONE, Decidua. 
 
 PERIOR'BITA, Perios'tenm or'Uta, from 
 7rtp<, ' around,' arid orbit a, ' the orbit.' An appel- 
 lation used, by some, for the periosteum lining 
 the orbit, which is a continuation of the dura 
 mater. The inflammation of this periosteum is 
 termed PeridrU'tis or Periorhiti'tis, and In- 
 fiwmma'tio perios'tei or'bitse. 
 PERIORBITIS, see Periorbita. 
 PERIORBITITIS,, see Periorbita. 
 PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis. 
 FEMOS'T'EVM,Perios'teon,Penosteos,Pe- 
 rios'tium, Circumossa'le, ' Memhra'na ossis, 
 Omen'tum as'sium, Circumossa'lis Membra'na, 
 from mqi, f around,' andoOTEor, ' a bone.' , The 
 periosteum is a fibrous, white, resisting medium 
 which surrounds the bones every where, ex- 
 cept the teeth at their coronae, and the parts of 
 other bones that are covered With cartilage. 
 The external surface is united, in a more or less 
 intimate manner, to the neighbouring parts by 
 cellular tissue. Its inner surface covers the 
 bone, whose depressions it accurately follows. 
 It is united to th6 bone by small, fibrous pro- 
 longations ; " and, especjially, by a prodigious 
 ijiiantity t>i vessels, which penetrate their sub- 
 stance. The periosteum unites the bones to 
 the neighbouring parts. It assists' in their 
 growth, either by furnishing, at its inner sur- 
 face, as M. B^clard demonstrated, an albumi- 
 nous exudation, which becomes cartilaginous, 
 and at length ossifies;; — or by supporting the 
 vessels, which penetrate them to carry the ma- 
 terials of their nutrition. See Medullary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 Periosteum Internum, Medullary mem- 
 teane — p. Orbitae, Periorbita. 
 
 PERIOSTI'TIS, Periostei'tis, Inflamnd'tio 
 perios'tei, from periosteumznii itis, denoting' in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the periosteum. 
 PERIOSTO'SIS. Tumour of the periosteum. 
 Tumours are so called which are developed on 
 bones, and formed by their outer membrane. 
 These tumours are more rapidly developed, 
 have a less degree of consistence, and sooner 
 disperse than exostoses, which they resemble 
 greatly. 
 
 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca- 
 pillary system. 
 PERIPHIMOSIS, Paraphimosis. 
 PERIPLEUMONIA, Peripneumonia. 
 PERIPLOOA INDICA, Hemidesmus Indi- 
 cus. 
 
 PERIP'LYSIS, from ncgi, and ■rrXvc-it, ' the 
 act of washing ;' Prdfiu'vium. A copious dis- 
 charge from any part, especially from the 
 bowels. 
 
 PERIPNEUMO'NIA, Feriplevmo'nia, Fe. 
 ripnewmoni'tis, True peripneu' mony , from vtPi, 
 «around,'and Tttivumv, 'the lung.' Inflammation 
 of the substance of the lungs. — See Pneumonia. 
 Peripneumonia Bilio'sa. Inflammation of 
 the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever. 
 
PERIPNEUMONITIS 
 
 642 
 
 PERITONITIS 
 
 PeripnettmokiaCatarrhalis, P.-notha — ^p. 
 Pituitosa, P. noth^. 
 
 Peeipheumo'nia, Catareha'lis. BTonchitis 
 or pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part 
 of the chest. 
 
 Peeipneumo'hia Notha/P. spU'ria., P. pitui- 
 to'sa, P. catarrka'lis, Pn^wmo'nia notka, Pseii- 
 do'peripn&itmonia. Pseudo-pneumonia^ Pseudo- 
 jmeumoni'ti's, Bronckocf ace, Blennotho'raa, Ob- 
 struc'tio pitlTno'nuiri pituito'sa fehxi'lis, Bron- 
 chi'tis asthen'ica. False or Bastard Peripneu'- 
 mony„ (F.) Peripneumonie latardeoyifausse. 
 An inexact name, under which some affections 
 are comprised that^resemhle pneumonia; and, 
 especially chronic hronchitis with pleurodynia. 
 — See Bronchitis (chropic.) 
 
 PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia. 
 
 PERIPNEUMONY, BASTARD, Peripneu- 
 monia notha. 
 
 Pebipnettmokt, Latent. Peripneumony 
 whose symptoms are so obscure as to be recog- 
 nised with difficulty, 
 
 PERIPSYXIS,Catapsyxis, Perfrictio. 
 
 ■PERiPYE'MA, from ntfi, ' about,' andiruov, 
 ' pus.' Suppuration around an organ ; — a tooth, 
 for example. 
 
 PERIRRH(E'A,7'enVVAoe,fromirE/i(,'about,' 
 and fim, ' I flow.' Afflux of fluids from every 
 point of the body towards an organ which has 
 to. remove them from the economy. Also, en- 
 uresis. 
 
 PERIS, Perin. 
 
 PESISOELIS, Jarretiire. , 
 
 PERISCYPHIS'MUS, Periscythismus. 
 
 PERISC Y THIS'M US, Periscy'thisis, Pery- 
 soy'tis'm.uS) Periscy'tis^S) Periscy'phisis, Peris- 
 cyphismus. Scalping, from tte/ii, ' around/ and 
 Sxu^t;;, ' a Scythian,' that is, ' sSalpiiig after the 
 manner of the Scythians.' An operation de- 
 scribed by Paulus of ^gina. It consisted of 
 an incision made around the cranium, and was' 
 employed in habitual weakliess of the eyes, 
 pains of the head, &c. 
 
 PERISPHAL'SIS, CircMmaMc'fio, from nsft, 
 'about,' and »-(paiJa, 'I moVe.'. A circular 
 motion impressed on a luxated bone, for the 
 purpose of reducing it. 
 
 PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus. 
 
 PERISTALTIC, Systaltic— p. Action, Pe- 
 ristole. 
 
 PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Cir- 
 cumflexus masculus; — p. Inferior, Circumflexus 
 muscujus — p. Internus, Levator palati. . 
 
 PERISTERIUM, Verbena ofiicinalis. 
 
 PERISTER'NA, frpn mfi,f about,' and oTtf- 
 vnv, 'the sternum.' The lateral parts of the 
 chest. 
 
 PERIS'TOLE, Motus Peristal'tieus, M. com- 
 presso'rius sen vertiiicula'ris seu testudin'eus, 
 from niqi, ' around,' and rrtXXia, ' 1 contract,' ' I 
 close.' The peristaltic action of the intestines, 
 Motus peristal'tieus^ It consists of a kind of 
 undulation or vermicular movement, in appear- 
 ance irregular, but in, which the circular fibres 
 of the muscular membrane of the intestine con- 
 tract successively, from above downwards, in 
 proportion as the chyme advances in the ali- 
 mentary canal ; so that, being compressed above, 
 it is pushed into the next portion of the intes- 
 tine, whose fibres are in a state of relaxation. 
 "When the fibres contract inversely, they occa- 
 sion an antiperistaltic action. The peristaltic 
 action is involuntary, and is not under the im- 
 
 mediate influence of either brain or Spinal mar- 
 row. It continues for some time after death. 
 
 PERISTOMA, Peristroma. * 
 
 PERISTOMIUM, Mouth. 
 
 PERISTRO'JVtA, Pens'toma, Mu's'cus villo'- 
 susjCrusta memhra/na'cea^ Crusta vermicula'ris, 
 from Ttcfi, ' around,' and ar^atw/tL, ' to spread.' 
 The villous or mucous coat of the intestines. — 
 Castelli. - '■ . 
 
 PERISYSTOLE, jfrom'iree/, 'about,' and 
 irvrrrolLri, 'a contraction.' The interval that 
 exists/ between the systole and diastole of the 
 heart, which is only perceptible in the dying. 
 — Bartholine. 
 
 PERITERION, Trepan perforatif. 
 
 PERITESTIS, Albuginea. 
 
 PARITOINE, Peritoneum. 
 
 PERITOME, Circumcision. 
 
 PERITONjERIX'IS, PerUqnaorex'is, from" 
 ^eQiTofntov, 'the peritonaeum,' and ^riywa, 'I 
 break.'- Hernia formed by the' rupture of the 
 peritonaeum. 
 
 PEBITONM'VM, Periione'um,Peritone'on, 
 Peritonei'on, Peritona'os, Peritoni'on, PeritO'. 
 neos, Velamen'tum abdomina^lS, 2Wnica' prce- 
 ten'sa seu Operimen'tum prcetensum seu Wem- 
 hra'na abdom/inis, Siphar, Sy'pkar, Zephachy 
 Ziphac, (F.) Peritoine, from nsqt, ' around,' 
 and TEJKo, ' I stretch.' A serous membrane, 
 which lines the abdominal cavity; extends 
 over the greater part of the organs contain- 
 ed there; envelops them wholly or in part, 
 and maintains their respe^ptive relations by 
 means of different prolongations and ligament- 
 ous folds : — the mesentery, epiploon, mesoco- 
 lon, &c. Like all the serous membranes, the 
 peritoneum is a sort of sac without aperture, 
 which covers the abdominal organs,- without 
 containing them within it, and the internal sur- 
 face of vfhich is smooth, and lubjicatet} by a 
 serous fluid. In the male fojtus, the peritonae- 
 um furnishes a prolongation, which accom- 
 panies the testicle at the time of its desceptj 
 and, in the female fo?tus; forms the Canal ^>f 
 Niich. Below the neck of the gall-bladder, the 
 peritonaeum has a triangular opening, called the 
 Foramen ox' Hiatus of Winslow, through which 
 it proceeds, behind the stomach, to form a sort 
 of secondary cavity, called the posterior cai>ity 
 of the peritonaum, (F.) Arriere cavite peri- 
 toniale ou Cavite des Epiploons, 
 
 EERiTOHiEUM DuPLicATUM, Epipjoou, gastro- 
 colic. 
 
 PJiRITONITE, Peritonitis-^. Puerperale, 
 see Peritonitis. 
 
 PJPRITONI'TIS, Empres'ma PeHtonitfs,Pe- 
 riton(zi'lis,Cauma Peritonitis, Injlam-ma'tio Fe- 
 ritontE'i, Phleg'mone pe7-it07i3s'i, Fhlegma'sia or 
 Inflammation of the Peritona'um, from perito- 
 neum, and itis, denoting ' inflammation.' , (F.) 
 Peritonite, Inflamm.dtion du Peritoine, The 
 characteristic signs of acute inflammation of the 
 peritonaeum are, — violent pain in the abdomen, 
 increased by the slightest pressure, often by 
 the simple weight of the bed-clothes. It gene- 
 rally occurs in the parturient state ; and begins 
 on the second or third day after delivery. At 
 times, a malignant epidemic, and perhaps con- 
 tagious, variety has made its appearance, and 
 destroyed numbers of females. This has been 
 described under the name Puer'peral Fever, Me- 
 troperitoni'tis, Ene'cia Syn'ochus Puerpera'tum, 
 (F.) Peritonite puerperale, Metroperitonite pa- 
 
ERITTOMA 
 
 643 
 
 PERONEUM 
 
 trpirale, Fihire puerperale, Typhus puerperal, 
 Erythemdt'io or Nonplas'tic Puerperal Perito- 
 nitis, Typhoha'Tnic Peritoni'tis, Adynam'ic ox 
 Malig'nant Puer'peral Fever, Low Fever of 
 Childbed. It is, according to some, a malig- 
 naut inflammation of the peritoneum and ute- 
 rus; according to others, a Uterine Phlebitis. 
 In any fo^m it requires the most active' treat- 
 ment, early employed. The appearances on 
 dissection -are such as occur whenever a serous 
 membrane has been inflamed, and such .in- 
 flammation has produced death -.^-effusion of 
 fluid with flakes of coagulable lymph in it; ap- 
 pearances of vascularity, &c., in the membrane 
 The treatment — in active peritonitis ^-timst 
 consist of the same course as recommended 
 under Enteritis. In i\iB chronic kind, symp- 
 toms must be combated as they arise, and it 
 may be advisable to excite a new action in the 
 system by means of mercury. In the epi- 
 demic. and malignant variety, unless bleeding 
 be .freely employed at the very outset, it does 
 . harm. If used early, it is of the most decided 
 advantage. Every thing depends upon arrest- 
 ing the morbid process at the outset. 
 
 Peeitonitis, Ertthematic, see Peritonitis 
 — p. Nonplastic, see Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, 
 see Peritonitis —p. Typhohaemic, see Peritonitis. 
 PERITTOMA, Excrement. 
 PERITYPHLI'TIS; from Trtji, ' abound,' and 
 typhlitis, inflammation of the ciscum. Inflam- 
 mation of the cellular substance surrounding the 
 ceecum. See Typhlo-enteritis. ■- 
 
 PERIWINKLE,J.ESSER, Vinca minor. 
 PERIZO'MA, from iitfttmvtiiii, (!rs/n,.and 
 ?a)vm(i/, '.to gird,') ' to girdarouhd.' Abandage; 
 a girdle. In Fabricius Hildanus, a.truss. Her- 
 pes zostet'. The diaphragm. ' 
 
 PER'KINISM. A therapeutical means, first 
 employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of NorWich, 
 Connecticut, towards the termination of the 
 last century, and named after him. It con- 
 sisted in drawing over affected or other parts 
 the pointed extremities of two metallic rods, 
 called Metallic Tractors, each made of a differ- 
 ent metal. The success obtained, was through 
 the influence of the imagination; arid, conse- 
 quently^' as ,a remedial agent, it ranks as high 
 as animal magnetism, but no higher. The ope- 
 ration was, also, called fractora'tion. 
 PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis. 
 PERLEi Pearl. 
 PERMISTIO, Coition. 
 PERMIXTIO, Coition. , ' 
 PERMOTIO, Motion. 
 PERNICIEUX, Deleterious. 
 PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious. 
 PERNIO, Childblain. 
 PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia. - 
 PEROCEPH'ALUS,framT»fo5,'deficient,'and 
 xt f «Ar, ' head . ' A monster with a defective head. 
 PEROCO.R'MUS, Oligospon'dylus, from 
 Tivfoq, ' defective,' and mQ/iog.,' trunk.' A mal- 
 formation ;n which the trunk is defective, and 
 too short, from the absence of one or more ver- 
 tebras, — the head and limbs being normal. ' 
 
 PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digito- 
 rum pedis profundus perforans. 
 PERbDYNIA, see Cardialgia. 
 PEROMEL'IA, from tibjos, 'wanting,' and 
 titlm, 'a. limb.' Congenital misconstruction, 
 or mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the no- 
 sology of Good. • 
 
 PEROM'ELUS, A monster possessed of the 
 deformity mentioned above. 
 PiRONi, Fibula—;?. Col du, CoUum fibulae. 
 .PERONE'AL, Pirona'us, Fibula'ris, Fih'u- 
 lar, from reegovt!, ' the fibula.', ; Belonging or 
 relating to the fibula. • ' ' 
 - Peroneal Arterte, Fil'ular A., arises from 
 the popliteal, and is situate deeply at the pos- 
 terior and outer part of the leg. It gives qff 
 branches of little importance. Near the outer 
 ankle, it divides into two branches. '1. The 
 posterior peroneal, which descends behind the 
 lower joint of the fibula, on the outer surface 
 of the calcaneum. 2.. The anterior peroneal, 
 which crosses the inferior extremity of the in- 
 terosseous ligament, to be distributed on the 
 dorsal surface of the foot. 
 
 Pekomeal Mu§OLES.are three in number. 1. 
 Peronceus Brevis, P. Secimdus, P. antigens, P. 
 Me'-diua, Semi-fibula' us, (F.) Grand-pironio- 
 sus-metatarsien, Court pironio-lateral, Moyen 
 Peronier. - A muscle, situate beneath, the pe- 
 roneeus longus. It i? attached a'^ove, to the 
 outer surface of the fibula, and terminates, be- 
 low, at the posterior extremity of the 5th me- 
 tatarsal bone, after having been reflected be- 
 neath the malleolus externus. It extends the 
 foot upon the leg, at the same time raising a 
 little the outer edge. It may, also, act upon 
 the leg, and extend it upon the foot. 3. Pero- 
 nseus Longus, Peronceus primus seu posti'cusy^ 
 P, maci!'imus-;se\i pqste'rior, (F.) Tihi-peroneo- 
 tarsien,' Long peronier lateral^ Peroneo-sous- 
 ;i(Z?-je<3?i, (Ch.,) Muscle grand peronier. This 
 muscle is situate at the outer part of the'leg. It 
 is long, thick, and triangular above ; thin, narrow, 
 and flat below. It is attached above to the 
 puter-edge of the upper extrenjity of the fibula, 
 and to .the upper third of the outer surface of 
 that bone. Below, it terminates at the outer 
 part of the posterior extremity of the first me- 
 tatarsal bone. This muscle extends the foot on 
 the leg, turning its point outward, and raising 
 its outer edge. It acts, also, upon the leg, 
 which, it extends on the foot. 3. Peronceus 
 Tertius , Nonws Vesa'lii, (P.) Peronier anteri- 
 eur. Petit peroneo-sus-metatarsien (Ch.,) Petit 
 Peronier, A muscle, situate at the anterior^ 
 outer, and inferior part of the leg. It is long 
 and flat, and is attached, above, to the inferior 
 third of the anterior margin and inner surface 
 of the fibula; terminating, below,. at the poste- 
 riqr extremity of the 5th metatarsal bone. 
 This muscle bends the foot on the leg, by 
 raising its outer edge. It can, also, bend the 
 leg on the foot, ' . 
 Peroneal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves. 
 , Peroneal Vein .follows the same course as 
 the artery. 
 
 PERONE DACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis profundus perforans. 
 
 PeRONiO-LATlRALqOURT, Peronaus 
 brevis — p. Phalanginieri du gros ortesV, Flexor 
 longus poUicis pedis — p. Sous-phalangetfien du 
 pouce, Flexor longus pollicis pedis^p. Sous- 
 tarsien, Peronaeus longus-—^. Sus-metatarsien, 
 Peronaeus tertius — p. Sus-mftatarsien, grand, 
 Peronaeus brevis — p-Sus-pkalangettiendn pouce, 
 Extensor proprius pollicis pedis — p. Tibi-sus- 
 phalangettien commwn. Extensor communis di- 
 gitorum pedis — p. Sus-phalangien du pouce, 
 Extensor proprius pollicis pedis. 
 PERONEUM^ Fibula. 
 
PEB.ONIER, GRAND 
 
 644 
 
 PERVERSION 
 
 PERONIER, GRAND, PeronaBasIorigus— 
 p. Lateral, long, Peronaaus longuS — p, Moyein, 
 Peronaeus brevis — p. Petit, Peronaeus tertius. 
 
 PERONODACTYLI^US, Flexor longns di- 
 gitorum pedis profundus perf(?rans. 
 
 PERONODACTYLIUS; Flexor longus digi- 
 toTum pedis profundus Jrerforans. 
 
 PEROSO'MUS, from injjof, 'mutilated/ and 
 oai^a, ' body.' A iftonsfer, whose whole ' body 
 is imperfectly developed.— Gurlt. 
 
 PEROSPL AW6H'NICA, from nvq' f, ' want- 
 ing,' and o-^rxayo^irwj ' a viscus.' Congenital 
 misconstruction of the viscera. A genus in the 
 nosology of Good. 
 
 PER^ENDICULUM HEPATIS; Suspen- 
 sory, ligament of the liver. 
 
 PERPERACU'TUS. Extremely acute. An 
 epithet applied to very violent and rapid dis- 
 eases. ' 
 
 PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication'. 
 
 PERROSIN. see Piuus abies. 
 
 PER'SEA GATIS'SIMA, Paha tree. A 
 slender, very high tree «f Peru, with a small 
 dome-like top, which grows on the eastern de- 
 clivity of the Andes, and rises, at times, to the 
 height of more than 60 feet. Its fruit, — (Sp.) 
 Falta — which is pear-shaped, is generally much 
 liked. It dissolves, like butter, on the tongue, 
 and hence is called, in some of the French colo^ 
 nies, beurre vegetale. 
 
 PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion. 
 
 PERSICAIRE DOUCE, Persicaria. 
 
 PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria— p. 
 Urens, Polygonum hydropiper. 
 
 PERSIL, Apium petroselinum— p. d'Ane, 
 Chasrophyllum sylvestre^^.sRsMa:, .iEthusa cy- 
 napium — p. de Macedoint, Bubon Macedonicum 
 — p. de Montague, Athamanta anreoselinum. 
 
 PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa. . 
 
 PERSOLLATA, Arptium lappa. 
 
 PERSOLUTA, Arctiunb lappa. 
 
 PERSPICILLUM, see 'Spectacles. 
 
 PERSPIRA'TION, Perspira'Uo, Tranapira'- 
 tio, Diffla'tio, Diap'noS, Diapna'a, Diapneu'- 
 sis, from per, 'through,' .and ipirare, 'to 
 breathe, exhale.' The inienaihle transpiration 
 or exhalation continually going on at the sur- 
 face of the skin and membranes. Sensible per- 
 spiration is called sw^at. The perspiratory 
 fluid is secreted by an appropriate Jtpparatus, 
 termed by Breschet diapnog" enous, ox sudori]^- 
 arous, Gland'ulse sudorip'arse, Or'gand sudo'- 
 rip'ara, consisting of-^' secreting parehdhyma, 
 situate beneath the true skin, and pf spiral ducts, 
 which open obliquely under the scales of the 
 epidermis. A certain portion of the perspired 
 fluid is thrown off by ordinary physical evapo- 
 ration. 
 
 The Pulmonary exhalation or transpiration 
 is that which takes place into the bronchia, and 
 is sent out with ^he expired aiJ., 
 
 PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 PERTE, Metrorrhagia— ;». d'Appetit, Ano- 
 rexia — p. de la Memoirs, Amnesia — p. de I'Odo- 
 rat, Anosmia — p. de Sang, Hsemorrhagia — p. de 
 la Voix, Aphonia — p. de la Vue, Caecitas. 
 
 PER T^R&BRANT,Perter'elrans; homper, 
 ' through,' and terebrare, 'to bore.' The French 
 give this epithet to an acute pain— Donleur per- 
 terebrante — which occasions a sensation like 
 that which would be produced by an instrument 
 
 penetrating and lacerating a part; — the pain 
 from whitlow, for example. ' 
 
 PERTES BLANCHES, Lei^corrhcea— p. 
 de Sang, Metrorrhagia— p. Sendnales, Sper- 
 matorrhoea — p. XTterines, Metrorrhagia — p. 
 TJterines rouges, MettOrrhagia — p. XJterines 
 blanches, Leiicorrhoea. 
 
 PERTICA PER SE, Penis. 
 
 PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections 
 of the mind. 
 
 PERTUHBA'TRIX, {Mediei'na) Per'turba- 
 ting Treatrnent, (F.) Metho'de ou Midecine^ per- 
 turbatriee. A mode of treatment in which very 
 active means are employed, and such as im- 
 press upon diseases a different course from that 
 natural to them. It is the antithesis to the 
 Medidna expectans. Much evil has resulted 
 from snch treatment, especially in febrile dis- 
 eases. 
 
 PERTUS'SIS, from per, a prefix denoting 
 excess, and tussis, ' cough.' Tusais feri'na, T. 
 convulsi'vb, T. pw'eros strang'tilana, T. qtdnta, 
 T. stomacha'lis, T. an'hela elarru/sa, T. atra/n'- 
 gulans, T. delaa'sans, T. suffocana, T, amphe- 
 ^er'ina, T.'tuaieulo'aa, T. spasfnod^ica, Brpn- 
 chi'iis convul^i'tia, Bronckocephali'tis, Pneuais 
 pertua'sia, Amphemer'ina, Orthopnea a'tu^aicu- 
 lo'aa, clango'aa, auffocati'va^ clama'aa, spaatn&d'' 
 ica. Morbus Cueul'lus, Morbus cucuUa'ria, 
 Bechorth/ypnce'a, Bex convulsi'va, Bex therio'~ 
 dea. Hooping-cough, Whooping-pfmgh, Chin- 
 cough, jKin-cough, Kind-cough, (Germ. K i n d, 
 'a child,') (F.) Coqueltiehe, Catarrhe ou Bron- 
 chite convulsive, Toux convulsive, T. quinteTcsCf 
 T. bleue, Maladie cuculaire. A, violent con- 
 vulsive cough, returning by fits, (F.) Qtdiitea, 
 at longer or Shorter intervals ; and consisting 
 of several expirations^ followed by a sonorous 
 insiriration or tahoop. The fits of coughing ge- 
 nerally recm: more frequently during the iii^t, 
 morning, and evening, than in the day. It is es- 
 teemed to be contagions, and attacks the young 
 more particularly. It is rare for it to affect an 
 individual for the second time. The duration is 
 vaTious,-rsix or eight weeks or more: Although 
 the paroxysms are very violent, it is not a dan- 
 gerous disease. It may, however, give rise to 
 other affections, as convulsions, pneumonia, &c, 
 when the complication is very dangerons, as 
 the cause cannot be removed. Those children 
 suffer the least, who evacuate the contents of 
 the stomach during the fit- In the treatment, 
 all that can be done is topalliatcj It must be 
 borne in mind, that the 'disease will, in time, 
 wear itsejlf out. If there be much pensive pain 
 of the head, or fever, V. S. may be required, but 
 it is seldom necessary. Narcotics occasionally 
 afford relief, but it is temporary. Gentte^emetics, 
 given occasionally, when the paroxysms are 
 long and dry, give decided relief, and aid in 
 the expectoration of the morbid secretions. Af- 
 ter the disease has continued for some weeks, 
 and persists in part from habit, change of air is 
 essential, and this, even should the change be 
 to an atmosphere that is less pure. 
 
 PERU, see Lima. 
 
 PERUNCTIO, Inunction. 
 
 PER.VENCHE, Vinca minor. 
 
 PERVER'SION, Perver'aio, from per and ver. 
 tere, 'to turn.' Dias'trophe, Diastrem'ma. 
 One of the four modifications of function in 
 disease : the three others being augmentation, 
 dftoinution, and abolition. The humourists used 
 
PERVERSION 
 
 645 
 
 PETRO-SPHENOIDAL 
 
 this term also to designate disorder or morbid! was tossed about by assistants. — Juvenal and 
 change in the fluids. / , 
 
 PERVERSION DE LA TETE DBS 
 OS ET DES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus. 
 PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil. 
 PES, mus, Ithnus, (F.) Piedi 'the foot.' 
 The inferior extremity of the abdominal mem- 
 ber, tepresenting a bony arch, an elastic vault, 
 ■\yhich transmits the weight of the body to the 
 ground. It is .divided into three p&rts; — the 
 tarsus, metatarsus, alid iocs. 
 
 Pks Alexa'ndrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum — 
 p. Anserinus, Chenopodiura bonus Henricus, 
 Facial nerve-r-p. Cati, Antennaria Dioica— p 
 Equinus, see Kyllosis — p. Hippocampi major, 
 Cornu ammonis — p. Hippocampi minor, Hippo- 
 campus minor^p. Hippopctami major, Cornu 
 ammonis — p. Hippopatami miinor, Cornu am- 
 monis — p. Leonis, Alchemilla. . 
 
 P£SANTEUR, Weight— p. Speeifique, Gra- 
 vity, specififc. 
 
 PkSE-LIQUEXIR, Areometer. 
 PES'SARy, Psssa'rium, from nsaiof, 'a 
 small stone.' Pessus, Pessum, Fts'aulus, 
 Supposito'rium uieri^num, Glans, Lemnis'cus. 
 A solid instrument, composed of cork, ivory, 
 or elastic gum, which is introduced into the va- 
 gina to support the uterus, in cases of prolap- 
 sus OT relaxation, of that organ; to keep vagi- 
 nal hernia reduced, &c. The ancients made 
 use of medicated pessaties, which they distin- 
 guished into emollient, astringent, aperient, 
 &c. The form of pessariesis very variable ;■ — 
 round, oval, &c., according to. circumstances. 
 Pessaey, Egvptian, .^gyptius pessus. 
 PESSULUS, 'Pessary, Penis. 
 PESSUM, Pessaryl 
 PESSUS, Pessary, 
 PEST, Plagae. 
 PBSTE, eiasae.' 
 PESTICHIiE, PetechisB, 
 PESTICI^ffil, Petechiffi. 
 PES'TlLENCi;^ Pestilen'tia, Pestil'itas, 
 from pestis, ' a peat.' A malignant spreading 
 disease ; — applied especially to plague. / 
 
 Pestilence, Choleeio, Cholera spasmodica 
 — p. Glandular, Plague — p. Haemagastric, Fe- 
 ver, yelloW — p. Septic, Plague. 
 PESTILENT- WORT, Tussikgo petasites. 
 PESTILENTIA, Plague— p. Hsmagastrica, 
 Fever, yellow. ' 
 
 PESTILENT'IAL, Festilentia'Hs, Pestilen- 
 tia'rius, Pestil&ntio'sus, Pestilen'ius, from 
 yes«is, 'a pest.' Relating to the plague. Pes- 
 tilential diseases are those -that bear some re- 
 semblance to the plague, in respect to mode of 
 propagation, symptoms, danger, &c. • 
 PESTILITA^, Plague. 
 PESTIS, Plague— p. Acutissima, Plague— 
 p. Adeno-septica, Plague — p. Aihericana, 
 Fever, yellow — ^p. Bellica, Typhus— rp. Bri- 
 taniiioa. Sudor Anglicus^p. Bubonaria orienta- 
 lis. Plague — p., Contagiosa, Plague — ^^p. Glandu- 
 losa. Plague — p. Glossanthrax, Glossanthrax — 
 p. Inguinaria, Plague— g. Intertropica, Fever, 
 yellow — p. Occideiitalis, Fever, yellow — p. 
 Orientaiis, Plague — p. Septica, Plague — p. Va- 
 riolosa, Variola. 
 PET, Fart. 
 
 PETALE, Phtheiriasis. 
 PETASITES, Tussilago petasites. 
 PETAURUM. A seat suspended by ropes, 
 5m which a person taking the exercise sat, and 
 
 Martial. 
 
 PETE'CHIiE, Petic'ulcB, Pestich'ice, Pestic"- 
 itB, Ptaictic'ulse, Pur'pura malig'na, Por'phy- 
 ra Grseco'rum. Small spots, similar in shape 
 and colour to flea-bites, which occur sponta- 
 neously upon the skin, in the course of severe 
 fevers, &c. They are, und«r such circum- 
 stances, signs of great prostration. 
 
 pETECHiiE iSiNE Febee, PurpuTa simplex. 
 
 PtTECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex. 
 
 PETECHIANOSIS, Purpura hemorrhagica. 
 
 PETER'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Cam- 
 bogise — ^,'Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, 
 Sherman's. 
 
 PETICULiE, PetechisB. 
 
 PETIGO, Imlietigo. 
 
 PETINA, Sole. 
 
 PETIOLUS, Pediolus, diminutive of pes, 
 'a foot.' A footstalk or leafetalk of a plant. 
 A fetiole. 
 
 Petiolus Epiglottiius. The root of the 
 epiglottis. 
 
 Petiolcs'.Mai.lei, Manubrium mallei. 
 
 PETIT COURIER, Influenza— ^j, Lait, 
 Serum lactis — p. Lait d^ Hoffmann, Serum lactis 
 Hoffmanni — p.,Mai, see Epilepsy — p. Sus-max- 
 illo-labial. Levator anguli oris. 
 
 PETITE' POSTE,In&aema. 
 
 PETROLEUM, Petroleum. 
 
 PETR^iEUM, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 PEtRAPIUM, Bubon Macedonicum. 
 
 P&TRiOLE, Petroleum. 
 
 P£TREUX, (OS,) see Temporal bone. 
 ' PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the In- 
 dian porcupine. 
 
 PS.TRQLE, Petroleum. ', 
 
 PETRO'LEUM, Petrola'um, Petraleum, 
 PetrcB oleum, Bitu'tnen Petroleum, Pisselce'wm, 
 In'dicUm, Eoci: Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'se, 
 Barhadoes Tar, (F.) Petrole ou Petreole, from 
 Tier foe, ' rock,' and eXaiov, 'oil.' A bituminous 
 substance of a fetid odour, and bitter, acrid 
 tctste. It is semi-liquid, tenacious, semi-trans- 
 parent ; of a reddish brown colour ; insoluble in 
 water and alcohol; combines . with fixed and 
 essential oils and sulphur ; and is partially solu- 
 ble in ether. The petroleum, found at Gabian, 
 near B^ziers, in France, h^is, been called Oleum 
 Gabia'num, (F.) Iluile de Gaiian, Petroleum 
 ruhrum. 
 
 PETRO - OCCIP' ITAL, Petro,occipita'lis. 
 Belonging to the petrous portion of the tempo- 
 ral bone and to' the occipital bone. 
 
 Petro-Oooipital Suture is formed by the 
 junction of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 to the occipital bone. It is a deep groove sepa- 
 rating the bones, which have between them a 
 thin layer of cartilage. 
 
 PETRO-SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS. A 
 fleshy fesciculus; which extends from the sphe- 
 noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- 
 poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the 
 upper part of the pharynx. See Constrictor. 
 
 PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS, Cir- 
 cumflexus — p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator 
 palati — p. Staphylin, Levator palati. 
 
 PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-sphenoida'- 
 lis. Belonging to the petrous portion of the 
 temporal bone and to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Petro-Sphenoidal Suture ; — a name given 
 to the small suture which is formed by the an- 
 terior edge of the petrous portion of the tempo- 
 
PETROSAL 
 
 646 
 
 PHAGEDJENA 
 
 ral bone and the posterior edge of the sphe- 
 noid. 
 
 Petroleum Baebadens'e, Petroleum. s 
 
 Peteoi,ecm SuLipHUE-A'TnMj Bal'samiim Sul- 
 phuris Barbaden'si, — (Composed oipetrol. Bar- 
 bad, gxvj, Jlor. Sulphr'^iVjhss been used as a 
 pectoral ; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has 
 been accounted antispasmodic and sudorific. 
 Dose, gti- X to XXX. Exteihally, it -is used as- a 
 stimulant and discutient. 
 
 PETROSAL, Petrous. 
 
 PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum— 
 — p'. Macedonicum, Bubon'Macedonicuin. 
 
 PETROSUM,QS, see'Temporai; 
 
 PETROUS, Petro'sus, Fetrd'sal, fiora frsTQoi, 
 ' a stone.' Resembling stone ; having the hard- 
 ness of stone. 
 
 Petrous Ganglion, Petrosal Ganglion, 
 Ganglion of Andersch, is formed by the glosso- 
 pharyngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from 
 the jugular fossa. From this ganglion, M. Ja- 
 cobson of Copenhageii'traced an anastomosing 
 loop through the cavity of the tympanum, which 
 left branches there, and was thence reflected 
 downwards to join the Vidian nerve. — See Otic 
 ganglion. This has been called the Nerve of 
 Jacobson, and the inosculatiob, Jacobson's 
 Anastomosis, 
 
 Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone, see 
 Temporal Bone — p. Process, see Temporal 
 Bone. 
 
 PetrousSi'nuses, Petro'sal Sinuses, are two 
 venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected 
 with the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
 and distinguished on each side, into; — 1. The 
 superior petrosal sinus. It arises from the ca- 
 vernous sinus ; follows the upper edge of the pe- 
 trous portion which affords it a gutter ; passes 
 into the great circumference of the tentorium 
 cerebelli, and opens into the lateral sinus where 
 the latter experiences- a bend near the base of 
 the pars pe'trosa. Its form is triangular. 2. 
 The inferior petrosal sinus arises from the ca- 
 vernous sinus at the same point as the last, with 
 which it communicates at the moment of its 
 origin.' It descends between the inferior' edge 
 , pf the pars petros'a and the basilary process ; 
 and terminates in the lateral sinus, at the sinus 
 or gulf of the internal jugular vein! It is tri- 
 angular, and broader at its extremities than 
 middle. 
 
 PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
 
 PEUCEi Pintis sylvestris. 
 
 PEUCED-'ANUM OFFICINA'Lfi, Mar-- 
 athrum. sylves'tre,Marathrqphyl'lum, Pinastel'- 
 hiTfi, Fdnic'uluvh porci'nwm, ^Bonus Ge^niuS, 
 Hog's Fennel, Sutphurwort, (F.) Queue de 
 Pourcean, Ferrouil de Pore. _ Family, TTmbelli- 
 ferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
 root has' a strong, fetid smell— somewliat re- 
 sembling that of sulphureous solutions — and an 
 acrid, unctuous, bitterish taste. It has been 
 recommended as antihysteric and nervine. 
 
 Peucedanum Silaus, Saxif'raga vulga'ris, 
 S. An'glica, Hippomar'dthrum, Fanic'ulum. er'- 
 raticum, English or Meadow Saxifrage, (F.) 
 Seseli des pris. The roots, leaves, and seeds 
 have been recommended as aperients, diuretics, 
 and carminatives. Rarely used. 
 
 PEUPLIER NOIR, Populus. 
 
 PEXIS, Concretion. 
 
 PEY'ERI GLAN'DUL^:, G. Peyeria'nee, 
 Pey'eri Plexus glandulo'si, Gland'ula muco'sce 
 
 coagmina'tm sen agminata seu mucip'ara race- 
 me' titn conges' tee ititesfino'rum, G. intestina'les 
 seu plexiform'es seu ^vu'ricE, Oorpus'eitla glaTi- 
 dula'rimi. simil' ia seu gland'ults in agmen con- 
 grega'tee intestino'rwm, Enterade'nes, Peyer^s 
 Glands, Ag^minated glands. Small glands or 
 follicles, situate beneath the villous coat pf the 
 intestines. They are clustered together, havyig 
 a honey-comb appearance — Plaques gaufrevs 
 -^and are extremely nunierous.' They occur 
 most numerously in the" lower portion ot \h.e 
 ileum. Their structure and functions are not 
 well known. 
 
 PEZA, mta, Doric and Arcadian for ntu;, 
 ' a footi' The foot : according to some, the sole 
 of the foot; and to others, the astragalus. The 
 ankle. ■ 
 
 PEZI'ZA SEU PEZE'ZA AURICULA, Aii- 
 ricula, Judce, Fungus sambu'cinws, Agaricus 
 Auric'uhe form's, Jew's Ear. This fu'ngus is 
 said to be astringent ; but has chiefly been used 
 as a gargle in relaxed sore throat. 
 
 PFEFFERS OR PFAFFERS, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. . Tkermx Piperi'nS),Th,faba'- 
 riss. These springs, which are in the Swiss 
 Alps, are simply thermal : temperature 100° of 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 PHAGE, PHA'CEA, Fkaeus, fan; a grain 
 of the lentil, Erviim lens. Also, chloasma; the 
 crystalline lens; and a flask for the application 
 of heat, so cklled owing to its flattened lens-like 
 
 PHACELLUS, Fasciculus. f 
 
 PHACELUS, Fasciculus. 
 
 PHACHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
 
 PHACI, Ephelides. 
 
 PllA'ClCXIS,Phaco'tus,Phaco'des;fiomfcttui, 
 ' lens.' Lens-shaped, Lenticular. « 
 
 PHACI'TIS, Phaeo'idei'tis, Lenti'tis, Crys- 
 talli'tis, Gleni'tis,fTQV[i'(paxoc, ^a lens,' aitiditis, 
 a termination denoting inflammation, inflam- 
 mation of the crystalline lens. Inflammation 
 of the capsule of the lens is termed Capsi'tis, 
 Capsuli'tis, and Crystal^lino-capsuli'tis, 
 
 PHACODES, Phacicns. - 
 
 PHACOHYMENI' TIS, Phahohym^eni'tis, 
 Phachymenitis, Inflamma'tio cap'sulm lentis; 
 from ^aito;, ' a lens,' 'i/^ii/v, ' a membrane,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the capsule of the crystalline. 
 
 PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis. 
 
 PHAC'OPIS, Phaco'tus; from ^jjexij, 'lens,' 
 and jtoTT/f, 'a knife;' Scalpel'lum leiiticula're, 
 A lenticular-shaped knife. / ' 
 
 PHACOPS'IS; from <}i!ikt;, 'lens,' and oi^«, 
 ' vision.' The state of one who has chloasma 
 Or freckles on the face. 
 
 PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cium; ,from ■taxtj, 
 ' lens,' and ^Tta-xrij, ' drink.' A drink of len- 
 tils. A poultice of lentils. 
 
 PHACOS, Ervum lens. 
 
 PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract. 
 
 PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis. 
 
 PHACUS, Fhace. 
 
 PHADARODES, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
 
 PHADAROSIS, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
 
 PH^NIGMUS, Phenigmus. 
 
 PHiENOMENOLOGIA, Semeiology. 
 
 PH.(ENOMENON, Phenomenon. 
 
 PHAGyENA, Boulimia. ' 
 
 PHAGEDENA, Boulimia— p. Sloughing of 
 the mouth, Cancer aquaticus — p. Gangraenosa, 
 Hospital gangrene. 
 
lGEDENIC 
 
 647 
 
 PHARMACOCHYMIA 
 
 PHAGEDEN'IC, Phageda'mms, Depas'- 
 eens, from ^ayw, ' I eat.' 
 
 Phagedenic IJ-loiss., NomS, Phageda'nqfiUl- 
 cus depas'eens, is one which rapidly eats and, 
 corrodes the neighbouring parts. 
 
 Bhageden'ic, in. Materia Medica, is a sub- 
 stance used for destroying fungous granulations 
 in ulcers, &e. ' 
 
 PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
 
 PHALACRA, Calvities. 
 
 PHAt,ACROMA, Calvities. 
 
 PHALACROSIS, Calvities. 
 
 PHALACROTIS, Alopecia. 
 
 PHALAIA. a ' barbarous- term, employed 
 by Basil Valentine to designate a universal me- 
 dicine or panacea, *> 
 
 PHALAN'GAL, Phalan.'gicm, Fhalangia'- 
 nus. Having relation to a phalanx. ^ - 
 
 PHALANGARTHRI'TIS; from ^alay!^, «a 
 phalanx,' ap6por, 'a joint,' aniitis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Gout in the fingers. Inflamma- 
 tion of the joints of the fingers. 
 
 PHALANGE, Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGES DBS DOJiSr-S', see Phalanx 
 — p. of the Fingers, see Phalanx — p. des Orteils, 
 see Phalanx-^p. of the Toes, see Phalanx. 
 
 FBALANGETTES, see Phalanx. 
 
 PHALANGETTIEN. Professor Chaussier 
 uses this term for any thing relating, to the third 
 phalanx <jf the fingers or toes, — PhalangieUi for 
 what relates to the first, — and Phalanginien, to 
 the second. 
 
 PHALANGIAN, Phalangal. 
 
 PHALANGINES, see Phalanx. , 
 
 PHALANGO'SIS, Hispid'itas, from p«tJ«>f , 
 'a. row of soldiers.' An affection of the eye- 
 lids in which the lashes are arranged in two or 
 three rows. See Trichiasis. Also, dropping 
 of the upper eyelid, from paralysis of the leva- 
 tor palpebrae superioris muscle. 
 
 PHALANX, Phalan'gl, Phalango'iAa, same 
 etymon. A name given to the small bones 
 \vhich form the fingers and toes, because placed 
 along side eatfli other like a phalanx. TJiey are 
 distinguished into the Phalanges of the fingers, 
 Ossa seu Ag'mina seu A'eies seu Artic'uH sen 
 Scutic'ula seu Scu'tnla: seu Nodi seu Interno'- 
 dia seu Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli Digitc/nvm 
 Mands; and the Phalanges of. the Toes, Ossa 
 seu Artic'itli seu Interno'dia Bigito'rum Pedis. 
 1. Phalanges of the finger s,(^ .) Phalanges des 
 Doigts. They are, in each hand, 14,— three to 
 each,finger, and two to the thumb; and are 
 situate one above the other. They are distin- 
 guished, numerically, reckoning from the base 
 towards the' tip of the finger. 1. The/w* or 
 metacarpal, Procon'dyli,' (V:) Premihes pha- 
 langes ou Phalanges metacarpiennes. 2. The 
 second oimiddle phalanges, (F.) Secondes pha- 
 langes ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangines, 
 (Ch.) 3. The third phalanges, Metacon'dyli, 
 Phalan'ges un'guium, (F.) Troisihmel phalan- 
 ges^ ou Phalanges ungueales, unguiferes, un- 
 gdinales, Phalangettes, (Ch.,) which ttominate 
 each finger, and support the nail. II. Pha- 
 I langes of the Toes, (F.) Phalanges des Ofteils. 
 They are the same in number as those of the 
 lingers, but much smaller, and of a very diffe- 
 rent shape. 
 
 The phalanges of a finger or toe are united 
 with each other; and the first with the metacar- 
 pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed 
 from two points of ossification ; one for the supe- 
 
 rior extremity, and the other for the body and 
 inferior extremity. 
 
 ' PHAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS, Cuhivdted 
 Cana'ry Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Family, Grami- 
 neae. Sex. SySt. Triandria Digynja. The seed 
 of this grass, Canary seed, (F.) Graines^aspic, 
 afford a nourishing meal. " The ancients recom- 
 mended them for allayipg pains in the kidney 
 and bladder. 
 
 PHALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, iidrt^ ^ulUs, 
 ' the male organ,' and aiyos, ' pain.' Pain in 
 jthe male organ. 
 
 PHALLANCYLOSIS, Chordee. 
 
 PHALLI'TIS ; Priapi'tis, from <fa.K\o;, ' the 
 male, organ,' and itis, a suffix denpting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the male organ. 
 - PHALLOCAMPSIS, Chordee. 
 
 PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from cfuXlos, ' the 
 male organ,' and xajm^m^*,' cancer.' Carci- 
 noma Or cancer of the penis. 
 
 PHALLODYNIA, Phallalgia. 
 
 PHALLON'CIJS; from qiaxxot, 'the male 
 organ,' and oyxm, ' swelling.' , Tumefaction of 
 the male organ. ' ■ 
 
 PHALLOPSOPH'IA, from <t'aUo!, ' the male 
 organ,' and lioifos, 'a noise.'- Dischargeof wind 
 from the male urethra. 
 
 PHALLORRHA'GIA, from (f.a^^df, 'the 
 male organ,' and Qjiyvofn, ' I break out.' He- 
 morrhage from the male urethral Stimatosis. 
 
 PHALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhcea. 
 
 PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS, from <faw<;, 
 ' the male organ,' pot], ' discharge,' and la-^eiv, 
 ' to withhold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrh(Eal 
 discharge. - '■ 
 
 PHALLUS, Penis. 
 
 PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam'ic, Pha- 
 nerogam'iews, from ipavtgof, ' evident,' and yafioi, 
 ' marriage.' An epithet used by b6tanists-for 
 plants wjiose sexual organs are apparent. It is, 
 consequently, the opposite to cryptogamous. 
 
 PHANTASIA, Delirium,' Imagination.- 
 
 PHANT ASM, Phdntas'ma,Phanto'ma, Phas- 
 'ma, from (pavTcttai, 'I make appear.' A phan- 
 tom, false appearance, apparition. Hallucina- 
 tion. Derangement of the sense of sight or of 
 the intellectual faculties, causing objects to be ^ 
 perceived, which are not before the eyes. ', 
 ■ PHANTASMA, Pseudoblepsia. 
 
 PHANTASMATOSCOHA, Metamorphop-' ' 
 sia. 
 
 PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PHANTOM, Fantom. 
 
 PHANTOMA, Phantasma-,p, Obstetrjcium, . 
 Fantonl. 
 
 PHARMACEIA, Pdisoning. 
 
 PHARMACEUM, Apotheca. ' 
 . PHARMACEUS, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMAGEtTT A, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACEU'TIC ; Pharmaceu'ticus, from 
 <fa/ifi«zov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for every 
 thing belonging to pharmacy. Thus, we say, 
 Pharmaceutical preparations, &c. - 
 
 PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacy. 
 
 PHARMACEU'TIST, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACIEN, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG'TA, 
 Catagrapholog'Ha, from ipa^fiaxov, ' a medicine,' 
 xoTB, 'beneath,' y^at>ri,'a. writing,' and Aoyot, 
 'a description.' The art of writing prescrin- 
 tions.— J. J. Plenck. ^ 
 
 PHARMACOCHYMIA, Chymistry, phar- 
 maceutical. ' ■" ^ 
 
PHARMACODYNAMICS 
 
 648 
 
 PHARYNGOCELE 
 
 PHARMACODYNAMICS, from qxsqfiaxov, 
 'a medicine,' and dvva/ns, 'power.' Fharmaco- 
 4yndm'iQa doctri'na, Fhartnaco'dyna'ntiolQg^ia. 
 A division of pharmacology.^ whict considers 
 the effects and uses of medicines. 
 
 PH^RMACODYNAMIOLOGIA, Pharma- 
 codynamics. 
 
 PHARMACOGNOS'IAi Aceognos'ia, Acog- 
 Moj'ia, from (j>ag^aK«r,*a medicine,' and j^irofxu,, 
 ' I know.' -A diyisian of pharmacology, which 
 treats of simples, or unprepared piedicines. 
 
 PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medici. 
 
 PHARMACOMA'NIAj from <fag/Mxgv, 'a* 
 medicine,' anfl /iavia., ' mania.' , One who has 
 a mania for prescribing or for taking hiedioine. 
 
 PHARMACON, Poison. 
 
 PHARMACOPCE'IA, Pkarmaeopw'a, (F.) 
 Pharmacopee; from fa^fiaxov, 'a medicine,' 
 and sroEKi), ' I make.' A work, coiltairiing a col- 
 lectiori of formulas for the preparation, &c., of 
 medicinfes: generally p'ublished by authority. 
 Formerly, a chemical laboratory, Labprato'- 
 rium chyTTi'icum Seu phdrmaceut'icuTn. 
 
 PHARMACOPCEUS, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 FHARMA eOPO [IE, Apothecary, Druggist. 
 
 PHARM ACOPOLI'IJM, /Lpothe'ca, Officiina, 
 Taber'na Med'ica. The shop of the druggist or 
 apothecary, from <f(iiij.a.xov , 'a medicine,' arid 
 a-ai^tiu, ' I sell.' 
 
 PHARMACOPOS'IA, from 9«5,£*xo»,«a me- 
 dicine,' and 3-oo-tt, 'a portion.' A liquid medi- 
 cine, especially one that is cathartic' 
 
 PHARMAC6/SA MEDIC AMEN'T A, from 
 $o§|«oM», 'a poison.' Medicines that contain 
 poisonous substances. — Fal'lopius. 
 
 PHARMACOTHE'iCA, cpaj^azo^ijxj;, from 
 tptxQfiaxov, ' a medicine,' and tj^jj^i, ' I place.' 
 A case for medicines. 
 
 ■ PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from ^uQfiaKov, 
 and 6e^aneia, 'treatment.' Cure of diseases by 
 remedies. 
 
 PHARMACTER, Apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACUM, Medicament, Poison— p. 
 ^gyptiacum, .ffigyptiacum — p. , Amatorium, 
 Philter. 
 
 Phab'macdm ad Avs.'ES,.Mgyp'tium Medica- 
 * men' turn: ad Aures.. A name given to a medi- 
 cine, corpposed of bitter almonds, white pepper, 
 -^^ron, myrrh, . opium, frankincense, castor, 
 ^rjuice, sulpbate of iron, vinegar, pomegra- 
 nate bark, unguentunn nardinum, &c. It was 
 believed to be^ useful for cleansing fetid ulcers 
 in the ears. 
 
 PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary. , 
 
 PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary". ' 
 
 PHAR'MACY, Pharmad'd, PHarmaoeu'ticl, 
 Pharmax'is, from ifaqi/.a%(iv, :' a medicine.' The 
 art which teaches the knowledge, choice, pre- 
 servation, preparation, and combination of me- 
 ' dicikes. It was formerly divided into Galen'- 
 ioal and Chymliccd^ " The forrrier, called after 
 Galen, embraced the operations undertaken on 
 medicines without chymistry : — the latter, Chy- 
 friical Pharmacy or Pharmaceu'tic Chymistry) 
 Pharmacochym'ia, comprised the preparation of 
 medicines, founded on the chymical action of 
 their principles. 
 
 PHARMAXIS, Pharmacy. 
 
 PHARUS, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYGATHRON, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYGETHRUM, Pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNOai'DM, (SAL.,) from pharynx. 
 
 A compound of cream of tartar, nitrate of 'po- 
 tassa, burnt alum, and distilled .vinegar. It 
 was forJBerly employed, United with honey and 
 plantain water> to make garglesj whiph were' 
 advised in quiiisy. 
 
 PHAR YNG&, Pbaryngeal, , 
 PHAlfYNGE'AL, PJiaryngie'us, (V.) Fha- 
 rynge, Fliaryngien. That which relates to the 
 pharynx; A /name given to the muscles, ves- 
 sels, and nerves of the pharynx. • 
 
 PHARYNGEAL Aeteries. ThesB are two in 
 number. The one: — superior or pierytgo'pcUa- 
 tine, Ramus Pharyngce'iis supe'rior of Haller — 
 arises from thp internal maxillary at the base 
 of the zygomatic fossa, passes through the pte- 
 rygo-palatine canal, and proceeds to bp. distri- 
 buted to the pharynx and the corresponding 
 part of the Eustachian tube. The other — the 
 inferior — Phary'ngee'a q,s,eein,'-dins of Haller — 
 arises from the external carotid, on a level with 
 the facial. It ascends along the latera;! and 
 posterior part of the pharynx, and divides into 
 two branches : the one — the pharyngeal, pro- 
 perly so csUed — is distributed to the pljaryhx ; 
 the otfier— the irieningeal — gives its branches 
 particularly to the? dura mater. 
 
 Pbaryngeal Nerve: — a branch sent by the 
 pneumpgastric to the pharynx. It descends be- 
 hind the internal carotid ; communicates with 
 the glosso-pharyngeal i, and divides, opposite 
 the middle constrictor of , the .pharynx^ into a 
 great number of filaments, which anastomose, 
 in a multitude of different directions, with, fila- 
 ments of the glosso-pharyngeal nervfe, of the 
 superior laryngeal branch, and of the first cer- 
 vical ganglion. These different nervous fila- 
 ments united constitute the pharyngeal plexus, 
 the irregular meshes of wbich send numerous 
 ramifications to the pharynx. . 
 Phaeynseal Voke, see Voice. 
 PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS, from (f a/i«y^, 'the 
 pharynx,' and s^q>f «?<c, ' obstruction.' Obstruc- 
 tion of the pharynx. 
 PHARYNGETHRON, Pharynx. 
 PHARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele. 
 PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal. 
 PJI4K riVG7EJV,,Pharyngeal. 
 PHARYNGITE, Cynanche pharyngea— p. 
 Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 PHARYNGITIS, Cynanch^ pharyngea. 
 Pharyngitis AposiEMAio'SA. Abscess of 
 the .pharynx. ' ' , 
 
 Pharyngi'tis, X)iswT-a-EViTi'ic,Angi'rMipsiu- 
 do-memhrandcea, A. membrana! oea, A. pelli- 
 cula'ris. A, plas'tica. A, Diphtherit'ica, A, 
 malig'na, A. pseudo-memirano'sa, A. pesHlen- 
 iia'lis, Pharyngoc'aci, Pseudp-membxanous In- 
 jiwmmation of the Throat, (F.) Angine couen- 
 neuse. A, gutturals couenneuse, A. pseudt' 
 memiraneuse, A, plastique. A, ^iphtheritique. 
 Diphtheritic inflammation of tfie pharynx. See 
 Cynanche maligna, 
 
 Pharyhgi'tis, Follic'ular, Follicular In- 
 flammation of the Pharynx, Acne of the Throat. 
 Inflammation and enlargement of the follicles 
 of the pharynx, occasionally extending to the 
 larynx. Sometimes termed Clergyman's ^ore- 
 throat, and Tubercles of the Larynxand Fauces. 
 Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous, Cynanche ma- 
 ligna. 
 
 PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis diphthe- 
 ritic. _ 
 
 PHARYNGOCE'LE, Pharyngeurys'ma, Di- 
 
LYNGODYNIA 
 
 649 
 
 PHATNE 
 
 vertie'-ulmn seu Hernia sen Prol.ap'sus (Esoph'- 
 ugi velpkart/n'gis, CEaoph'agus succenturia'tus; 
 from »afu)fl, ' the pharynx,' and k«*i(, ' a tu- 
 mour.' An enlargement at the upper part of 
 the gullet, in which the food sometimes rests 
 in considerahle quantity. 
 
 PHARYNGODYR'IA, from tapuyf,. 'the 
 pharynx,' and odunjj ' pain.' Pain in the pha- 
 rynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOGLOSSAL, Glossopharyngeal, 
 Ph»ryngoglossia'nus. That which belongs to 
 the pharynx and tongue. 
 
 P^harvngoglossalNerve, <?/oiM;iAary»g'eo/ 
 Nerve, lAngua'tis latera'lis, (P.) Nerf Glosso- 
 pharyngien, Pharyngoglossien—a portion of 
 the eighth pair— arises from the superior and 
 lateral parts of the spinal marrow, between the 
 facial and pneumogastric.nerves, by several fila- 
 ments, whicli sobn unite into a single cord, that 
 passes out of the cranium by the foramen lace- 
 rum anterius i goes downwards and forwards^ 
 and gains tlie posterior and inferior part of the 
 tongue. Immediately after its exit from the 
 cranium, it giyes a branch to the meatus audi- 
 torius externus, and receives a filament from 
 the facial, and another from the pneumogastric 
 nerve. ' It then furnishes two other filaments, 
 which descend upon the carotid artery, and 
 unite at the bottom of the neck with branches 
 from the cervical ganglions and cardiac nerves, 
 and give two filaments to the stylo-pharyngeus 
 muscle. The glossopharyngeus, after sending 
 a twig or two to the tonsil, to the upper part of 
 the pharynx and tilemhrane of the epiglottis, 
 divides into many branches, which run partly 
 to the margin, and partly to the middle of the 
 root of the. tongue ; . supplying, especially, the 
 papilla: majores, ^nd the parts in their neigh- 
 bourhood. 
 
 By some, this nerve is regarded as the con- 
 troller of the associated motions of the tongue 
 and pharynx. By others, it is esteemed to be 
 the special nerve of gustation. 
 
 PHARYNGOG'RAPHY, fAarjrwgog-ra'pfoa, 
 from qiafuy?. 'the pharynx,' and Vpo^ij, 'a de 
 scription.' An anatomical description of the 
 pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOL'OGY, Pharyngdlog"ia, from 
 <)>a/ii//£, ' the pharynx,' ^nd Aoyps, ' a discourse. 
 The part of anatomy which treats of the pha- 
 rynx. 
 PHARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
 PHARYNGOPARALYSIS,Pharyngoplegia, 
 PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from <f«f«yf, 'the 
 pharynx,' and TtAijOffa,/! strike.' Dyspha'gia 
 paralyt'ica, J?, tor'pida, jD. aton'ica, Angi^na 
 paralyt'ica, Astheni'a Heglutitio'nis, Pharyn- 
 gol'ysis, Pharyngoparal'ysis, Paral'ysis (Esq- 
 pk'agi, Gulce Jmheeil'litas . Paralysis of the 
 pharynx or cssophagus: commonly a symptom of 
 general paralysis, or of approachmg dissolution. 
 PHARYNGOREHAG"IA; from <faft.yi, 'the 
 pharynx,' and fayij, ' rupture.' Hemorrhage 
 from the vessels of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOSPAS'MUS ; from 9«poyl, 'the 
 pharynx,' and trnxtr/uot, ' spasm.' Spasm or 
 cramp of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha- 
 ryngeus. 
 
 PHARYNGOTOME, Pharyngot'omus, 
 
 itOTtipafiiy%, ' the pharynx,' and Ttiivm,:' I cut.' 
 
 An instrument, invented by J. L. Petit, and 
 
 used to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab- 
 
 42 
 
 scesses, which form in the parietes of the pha- 
 rynx. It is composed of a_long, narrow blade 
 with a lancet point, enclosed in a sheath or 
 canula of silver slightly curved. This instru- 
 rnent is carried to the part to be cut, a,nd the 
 point of the blade is made to pass out; of the 
 sheath, by pressing on a button at the^ end of 
 the pharyngotome. A spring causes the blade 
 to re-enter as soon as the pressure is removed. 
 
 PHARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngotom'ia; same 
 etymon. Some authors have used this word 
 synonymously with cEsophagotomy. It means, 
 also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision, 
 made for opehing abscesses there, &c. 
 
 PHARYNX, PAor^2;,PAarMi, Gula, Lamas, 
 Fauces, Pharyg'ethrwm, Pkaryn' gethron, Pha- 
 ryn'getkros, Pharygathi;o'n, Isiktnos, Isth'Tniony 
 Inglu'vies, Princip'inm Guise, Os pos'terum, 
 (F.) Arriire-iouehe:, Gosier. A species of mus- 
 culo-membranous, symmetrical canal, on the 
 median line, irregularly fiinnel-shaped, and 
 situate between the base of the cranium and. the 
 CEsophagus,, in-^ front of the vertebral column. 
 It is very narrow above ; but dilates in the 
 middle, and again contracts below, at its junc- 
 tion with the (Esophagus. Into theianterior pa- 
 ries of the pharynx open, successively, from 
 above to below,' — the "posterior orifices of the 
 nasal fossae ; the Eustachian tubes ; the posterior 
 aperture of the mouthy and the top of the larynx. 
 The pharynx is formed, externally, of a mus- 
 cular coat, and, internally, of a mucous mem- 
 brane, which is continuous, above, with the 
 Schneiderian membrane; and in the middle, 
 with that of the mouth ; below, with that of the 
 oesophagus ; and, at the sides, with that of the 
 Eustachian tutes. This membrane has no villi, 
 and presents only a few inequaUties,Nvhichare 
 owing to the presence of muciparous follicle^. 
 The muscular coat of the pharynx is composed 
 of the constrictor muscles, stylopharyngei, and 
 pharyngostaphylini. The vessels' and nerves 
 are called 'pharyngeal.' The pharynx serves 
 as a common origin for the digiegtive and respi- 
 ratory passages. It gives passage to the air, 
 during respir^ign; and, to the food at -the time 
 of deglutition. 
 
 Pharynx, Follicular IhplaMmation o,f ♦ 
 THE, Pharyngitis, follicular. if 
 
 - PHARYX, Pharynx. 
 
 PHASELUS, Phafeeolus vulgaris. 
 
 PHASE'OLUS VULGA'RIS, Phasi'olus, 
 Phase'lus, Fase'lus, Fd^e'olus, "Bona, Boona; 
 the Kidney Bean; the French Bean, (F.) Hari- 
 cot. Famil-if, Leguminosae. Sex. Syst. Diadel-' 
 phia Decandria. When young and well boiled, 
 this is easy of digestion, and delicately fla- 
 voured. It is less flatulent than the pea. 
 
 ' Phaseolus Creticus, Cajan, Gay an. A de- 
 coction of the leaves, according to Ray, re- 
 strainsjhe hemorrhoidal flux when excessive. 
 
 PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the 
 river ^aiit, in Colchis, near the Black Sea: (F.) 
 Coq. The parts of generation of the cock, dried 
 and pulverized, were forir?erly regarded as pro-* 
 per for increasing the quantity of semen. The 
 fat was used as emollient and resolvent; the 
 brain, in diarrhosa; the gall, in freckles and dis- 
 eases of the eyes. These phantasies are now 
 abandoned. 
 
 PHASIOLUS, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
 
 PHASMA, Phantasm. 
 
 PHATNE, Alveolus. 
 
PHATNION 
 
 650 
 
 PHLEBOLOGY 
 
 PHATNION, Alveolus. 
 PHATNORRHAG"IA, Stom<aori<hag"ia al- 
 veolo'rum, from <jiaTvtop, ' an alveolus,' and gijj-- 
 »U|tttj ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the 
 alveoli. 
 
 PH^SIN'GES, <p!tu(!iyyt;, plural of cpauo-iyl, 
 from fautte, ' I roast.' Spots or blisters on the 
 legs, produced by hea^; and, in a more exten- 
 sive signification, by any other cause. Also,,a 
 pustule. — Foesius. 
 
 P-HELLANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
 
 PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'ICUM, Phel- 
 landrium, CEkan'the phellan'dri-wm, Fanic'ulum 
 aquat'icwm, Cicuta'ria aquatica. Water Fennel, 
 Fine-leaved Water Hemlock, (F.) Fhellwndre, 
 Fenouil d'eau, Cigue d'eau. Family, Urabelli- 
 ferse. ' Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. This 
 plant is stimulant and narcotic. It has been 
 used in intermittents and dyspepsia. It has, 
 also, been given in phthisis pulmonalis, and in 
 cases of scrofulous atonjc ulcers. 
 
 PHENIG'MUS, Fhcenig'mus,- Phanig'mus, 
 from (po/nl, 'red.' Red Jaundice. A cuta- 
 neous affection, consisting of redness diffused 
 over the skin^ vfithout fever. Saiivages'makes 
 it a genus of his order leteritid. Also, the act 
 of irritating a part by a stimulating application. 
 
 PHe.NOMKNE, Phenomenon. 
 
 PHENOM'ENON, Phanom'enon, (F.) PU- 
 nomene, from tpaivonai, 'I appear.' An extra- 
 ordinary and unexpected event. In Medicine, 
 it tneans any change, appreciable by our senses, 
 which supervenes in an organ or function: — 
 as (hephenomena of the circulation, respiration, 
 &c. It is used in pathology, synonymously 
 with symptom. 
 
 PHEUGOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 PHEUGYPRPN,.Hydr6phobia. 
 
 PHI' ALA, A Phial or Vial, (F.) Fiols. A 
 small bottle, in which apothecaries are in the 
 habit of sending out their mixtures, draughts, 
 &c.: hence called Medicine Vials, (V .yFioles 
 a Midecine. They are usually sold in grosses, 
 and assorted into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3; 
 oz. 2; oz. IJ; oz. 1 ; and oz. 4- 
 
 PHILADYN AMIGA, Debilitants. 
 
 PHILANTHROPUS, Galium aparine. 
 ^PHILETRON, Philter. 
 '' PHILETRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 PHILIATROS, <p/M«Tgot, from ?ixtw, 'I 
 love,' and laretxrj, ' medicine.' An amateur of 
 medicine. One who studies medicine; Studio'- 
 sufi TTiedici'rix. - - 
 
 PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.)Philoiios{e: fromeixtco, 
 ' I love,' and (*iot, ' life.' The love of life. 
 
 PHILCE'NIA, from <fi\ia, ' Ilove,' and oiro;, 
 ' Wine.' Love of wine. Addiction to wine. 
 
 PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas. 
 
 PHILOlSflUM LONDINENSE, Confectio 
 
 opii. 
 
 PHILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.f 
 
 PHILOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
 
 PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy. 
 
 PHILOSOPHIA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi- 
 ology — p. Hermetica, Alchymy — p. per Ignem, 
 Chymistry. 
 
 PHILTER, from tpAeto, ' I love.' Philtrum, 
 Fhil'etron, Fhar'macum vel Poc'idum a/moto'- 
 riium, Am.nt&rium venefi&'iwm, (F .) Philtre. A 
 medicine or drink considered capable of causing 
 love. 
 
 PHILTRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
 
 PHILYRA, Tilia. 
 
 PHIMA, Phyma. 
 PHIMOS, Capistrum. 
 PHIMO'SICUS. Relating to Phimosis.- 
 Sauvages cUlls - Ischii'ria phi/mo' sica, Ischu'.- 
 ria urethra'lis a pAi7»o'*i,the retention of urine 
 which depends upon phimosis. 
 
 PHIMO'SIS, Phymo'sisjCapistra'tio, Epa- 
 go'gium, Jjigatu'ra glandis, Strictu'ra prapu'- 
 tii, from ?i|iioo, ' I bind up.' A disease which 
 consists in a preternatural narrowness of the 
 opening of the prepuce, so that it cannot t;be 
 carried behind the corona glandis. This affec- 
 tion is most commonly congenital. Sometimes 
 it is accidental, and dependent upon tumefac- 
 tion of the ^lans, or of the prepuce, as occurs in 
 syphilis, ^o remedy this state, the prepuce 
 may be divided by me^ns of a J)istoury ,and di- 
 rector ; or circumcision may be practised. 
 
 Phimosis Adnata seu Congen'ita sen Pue- 
 ri'lis. Congenital phimosis — p. Circumligata, 
 Paraphimosis — p. Congenita, P. adnata. ■ 
 
 Phimo'sis CEdema^o'des, Hydrophimo'sis. 
 Phimosis with cedematous' swelling erf the pre- 
 puce. . , 
 
 Phimosis Pdeeilis, Ph. adnata. ' 
 
 PHLASMA, Contusion. 
 
 PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneu- 
 risto. 
 
 PHLEBECTA'SIA, Fhlebec^tasis, from <pn\p, 
 'a vein,' and EKrao-ir, 'dilatation.' Dilatation 
 of a vein, or of a portion of a vein. — Alibert. 
 
 PHh&BECTIARCTIE. A mongrel term, 
 from tf\s\p, ' a vein,' and arcto, ' I contract.' 
 Contraction of a vein. 
 
 PHLEBES, (Arteries.) See Artery. 
 
 PHLEBEURYSMA, Tarix. 
 
 PHLEB'ION, diminutive oftxeifi, « a vein.' 
 A vein. — Hippocrates. A small vein, — Ve'nula. 
 ■ PHLEBI'TIS, Inflammia'tio vena'rum, ^F.) 
 Injiawmation des veines, from ^Ht^/, ' a vein,' 
 and itis, the termination for inflammation. In- 
 flammatijon of the inner membrane of a vein, 
 which sometimes follows blood-letting, and ex- 
 tends from the small wound made in thait ope- 
 ration to the neighbouring parts of the venous 
 system . The symptoms are, first, inflammation 
 in the punctured part ; and, afterwards, a knotty, 
 tense, painful cord, following the direction of 
 the vessel, and accompanied with more or less 
 fever, according to the e:^tent of the inflamma- 
 tion, the nervous symptoms, &c. Phlebit-is, 
 also, sometimes supervenes on the ligature or 
 excision of varices ; after amputation, gun-shot 
 wbunds,- delivery ( Uterine Phlebitis, Metro- 
 phlehi'tis puerpera'lis, Phlebi'tis uteri'na. Me- 
 tn'tis veno'fa), the ligature of the umbilical 
 cord, &c. It may terminate by resolution, 
 suppuration, ulceration, or gangrene. 
 
 Phlebitis, Crural, Phlegmatia dolens — p. 
 Uterina, see Peritonitis — p. Uteriiie, see Peri- 
 tonitis, and Phlebitis. 
 
 PHLEBOG'RAPHY, Phlehogra'phia, from 
 iMip, 'a vein,' and y§«4>j), 'a description.' A 
 description of the veins. 
 
 PHLEB'OLITE, Phlelol'ithus, Vein stone, 
 fi-om <flixf), ' a vein,' and ii^oc, ' a stone.' A 
 loose concretion, varying in size from that of a 
 currant to that of a pea, occasionally found in the 
 veins. It would seem to be formed in the blood; 
 
 PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite. 
 
 PHLEBOL'OGY, Phleholog"ia, from <»ixev, 
 ' a vein,' and Xoyct, ' a discourse.' The part of 
 anatomy which treats of the veins. 
 
LEBOPALIA 
 
 651 
 
 PHLEGMYMENITIS 
 
 PHLEBOPA'LIA, from ^Jev, ' a vein,' and 
 a-ceiiw, 'I palpitate.' With the ancients, jn*;- 
 sation, which they conceived to he produced 
 by the veins. See Pulsus venarum. 
 
 PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA, Ophthal- 
 mophlehotom'ia, from ^Xtip,' a vein,' aifSn^^ioi, 
 ' the eye,' and rtjitveo, ' I cut.' Blood-letting in 
 the eye. 
 
 PHLEBOPLEROSIS ECPHE.ACTICA, In- 
 flammation. I 
 
 PHLEBORRHAG"IA, from <fXiyj,'3. vein,' 
 and ^riytvui, 'I break, out.' Rupture of the 
 veins ; and, in a more extensive sense, venous 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 PHLEBORRHEX'IS,, from t\i^, ' a vein,' 
 and.f?;|ic,' rupture.' Rupture of a vein. Also, 
 hemorrheige from a vein, Phleborrhagia. , 
 
 PHLEBOT'OMIST, from ifXeifi, a vein,' and 
 TEjitru), ' I cut.' A bleeder. One vfho practises 
 particularly the art of phlebotomy. See'Blood- 
 letting. 
 FHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam. 
 PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting., 
 PHLEBS, Vein. 
 ,PHLEDONIA, Delirium. 
 PHLEGM, Phlegma, Pitui'ta, Mucus, (F.) 
 Pitidte. One of the four natural humours of 
 the ancients, vfhichi according to them, was 
 cold and moist, as atrabilis-was cold and dry. 
 It predominated,.eSpeciairy, in winter.- 
 
 Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque- 
 ous or excrementitions humour, such as the sa- 
 liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, &c. 
 The terms ■phlegm and .pitidta are no longer 
 used in physiology, — the different humours 
 having received particular names ; but the vul- 
 gar still use pMegm to designate a stringy mu- 
 cus, expectorated, or rejected by vorriiting. 
 The ancient ehymists gave the name ' phlegm ' 
 to aqueous, insipid, and inodorous, products ob- 
 tained by subjecting moist vegetable matters to 
 the action of heat. ' , 
 
 PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal 
 mucus — p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very di- 
 lute.) 
 , PHLEG'MAGOGUE, Phlegmago'gus ; ftom 
 <flsyfLa, ' phlegm,' and crya, 'I expel.' A me- 
 dicine, formerly believed capable of " cutting " 
 or removing. phlegm. 
 PHLEGMAPYRA, Fever adeno-raeningeal. 
 PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon— 
 p. Adenosa, Adenitis — p. Alba dolens puerpera- 
 rujn. Ph. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of 
 the cellular tissue^p. Glandulosa, Adenitis — 
 p. Myoica, Myositis^-p. of the Peritoneum, 
 Peritonitis. 
 
 PHLEGMA'TI^., from tfliyf^a, 'phlegm.' 
 (Edema, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
 
 Phlegma'tia Dolens, F. lac'tea, P. dolens 
 puerpera'riim, P. alba doleni puerpera'rum, 
 Leucophlegmasi'a dolejis ptterperarwm, Scelon'' 
 CUS) Scbl'al'gia. ptterpp.ra'nim, Anasar'cc^ sero 'sa, 
 Ecphy'Wa CBdemat'icum, Spargano'sis puerpej-a- 
 runif EcchyTno'ma lymphal' icwm, Is'chias a spar- 
 gano'&i, CEde'ma puej-perantm., (Ed, lactewn, 
 Infarc'tus lac'tei extremita'tuin, Metas'tasis 
 lactisy Hysteral'gia galac'tica, Hydropklegmaf' 
 lia textils cellulo'si. Crural Phlebi'tis, White 
 leg. Swelled leg. White swelling of lying-in. 
 viomen, (F.) (Edlme des nouvelles accovchees, 
 (Edime douleureux des femmes en couche, Depot 
 laiteua sur la cuisse, (Edime actif des nou- 
 velles accouchhs, Enflnre ou Engorgement des 
 
 jamhes et des euisses de lafemme accoucMe^ E. 
 laiteux des membres abdominaun-. It occurs, 
 for the moat part, in the second or third week 
 after delivejry : — is limited to the lower extre- 
 niity, and chiefly to one side ; exhibiting to the 
 touch a feeling of numerous irregular ipromi- 
 nences uhder the skin. It is hot, white, and 
 unyielding ; and is accompanied, sooner or later, 
 with febrile excitement. After aTew days, the 
 heat, hardness, and sensibility diminish, and the 
 limb remains oedem atous for a longer or shorter 
 period. The diseasefrequently, if not generally, 
 consists in the obstruction pf the iliac or other 
 veins. Owing to the pressure of the gravid ute- 
 rus — the flow of blood being obstructed — the 
 serous part of.it is thrown out into the cellular 
 membrane of the Jimb. Sometimes the Vein 
 is found ipmpletelyobliterated. ' 
 
 The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo- 
 gistics : — the application of leeches' or cupping- 
 glasses near the 'groin: fomentations to the 
 limb,. &c.; and, vfhen the active state has sub- 
 sided, the use of a roller, applied gently at first, 
 but, afterwards, gradually tightened. 
 
 PhlegmatiaLaciea, p. dolens. 
 
 PHLEGMATtiE, see Eijipresma— p. Mem- 
 branosae et parenchymatosse, Empresma. 
 
 PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever, adeno-menih- 
 geal. 
 
 ' PHLEGMATORRHAG"IA, Phlegmaior- 
 rhce'a. Catarrh, from ^-KiyfAa, ' phlegm,' and gsa, 
 'I flow.' Stahl and his partisans gave this- 
 name to a copious secretion, by the nostrils, of 
 a limpid; and thin mucus, without inflammation- 
 It'" is the Cory'za Phlegmatorrhag'Ha oi Sta.'i^ 
 vages. -See Coryza. 
 
 PHLEGMHYMENITIS, Phlegmymenitis. 
 
 PHLEGMON, from :)>;i£y», ' I burn.' Phlo.- 
 go'sis .pMeg!moni, Phleg'mbtli, Phlegma' sia^ 
 Incen'diurni.InJlamm,a'lio . Inflammation of the- 
 cellular texture accompanied with redness, 
 circumscribed swelling, increased heat and 
 pain ; which is, at first, tensive and lancinating ;, 
 afterwards, pulsatory and heavy'. It is apt to 
 terminate in suppuration. It requires the an- 
 tiphlogistic treatment, until suppuration seems 
 inevitable^ when the suppuration must be en- 
 couraged as the next favourable termination to 
 resolution. . 
 
 PHLE<^MON F£BINiPJaR£TIQUE,Ve- 
 riphrenitis. 
 
 PHLEGMONE, Inflammation— p. MammEP, 
 Mastodynia apostematosa— p. Mastodynia, Mas- 
 todynia apostematosa^p. Parotidaea, Parotis — 
 p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis — p. Parulis, Parulis — 
 p. Musculorum, Myositis^p. Ventriculi, Gfas- 
 'tritjs. i 
 
 PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous. 
 
 PHLEG'MONOUS, Phlegnumo'des, from 
 ipXcy/iovn, 'a, phlegmon,' and itdog, 'resem- 
 blance.' , That which relates or belongs to a 
 phlegmon. 
 
 Phlegmonous Inflammation ii the, active 
 inflammation of the cellular membrane ; in con- 
 tradistinction to erysipelatous inflammatioiTj or 
 that of the skin. 
 
 PHLEGMOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal'." 
 
 PHLEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrha»a. 
 
 PHLEGMORRHAGIE FULMONAIRE, 
 Bronchorrhoea. 
 
 PHLEGMORRHCEA, Blennorrhaa. 
 
 PHLEGMYMENI'TIS, Phlegmhymeni'tis, 
 from if^ey/ict, 'phlegm,' 'vfi,iv,<a membrane,' 
 
PHLEPS 
 
 653 
 
 PHOSPHORUS 
 
 anrTi'fsV, the termination for inflammation. In- 
 flammation of a mucbus membrane. 
 
 Phlegmtmenitis Enteeica, see Enteritis. 
 
 PHLEPS, Vein. 
 
 PHLOGIA, Inflammation. 
 
 PHL0GICUS, Inflammatory. 
 
 PHLOGISTICI, Empresma. 
 
 PHLOGISTICUS, Inflammatory. 
 
 PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen. 
 
 PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
 
 PHLOGO'DES, from ^hi, ' flame,' and eiSos, 
 'resemblance.' Infia'med, Injlammv/tus, In- 
 flamihato'rius. Inflammatory. An epithet em- 
 ployed, particularly to express the red colour of 
 the face. 
 
 PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha. . • 
 
 PHLOGOSED, Inflamed. 
 
 PHLOGO'SIS, incendium^ Inflamma'tion, 
 Some writers use this word exclusively for 
 exterhal inflammation— ^phlegmon ; others, for 
 those that are superficial or erysipelitous. 
 
 PHLOGOT'ICA, Inflammations. The 
 second order in the class Hcematica of Good. 
 
 PHLOIOS, Cortex. ' 
 
 PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus. , 
 
 PHLOOS, Cortex. , 
 
 PHLOR'IDZINE, Pkloridzi'na, Pkloridzin, 
 from i}i\oo;, ' inner bark,' and Qita, 'root.' The 
 bitter or active principle of the root and trunk 
 of the apple, pear, cherry, and' plum tree. It is 
 deposited from the , decoction on cooling; crys- 
 tallizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour, 
 when In masses, or in long slender prisms or 
 tables, when crystallized with care. 1000 parts 
 ■of water, at a temperature of from 32° to 71°, 
 only dissolve about one part ; but at from 70°, 
 to 212°, it is dissolved in all proportions. It 
 is very soluble inpure alcohol, but only slightly 
 so in ether; s. g. 1.429. It has been adminis- 
 tered successfully in intermittents, — 10 to 20 
 grains being generally required to arrest the 
 |)aroxysm. It may be given either in' the form 
 •of pill or powder; 
 
 PHLOUS, Cortex. 
 
 PHLOXj Vetbascum thapsus. 
 
 PHLYCTjE'NA, Phlyctx'nis, PUyctis, 
 Phlyza'aioUf AmpMce, Holopklye'tides, Phlyc'- 
 tides, PMysis, from <fXvta, ' I boil.' Tumours, 
 formed by the accumulation of a serous fluid 
 under the epidermis. 
 
 PHLYCTyENULA, see Hydatid. 
 
 PHLYC'TENOip, PhliptenoK'des. Resem- 
 bling phlyctaBHEe. An epithet for a variety of 
 herpes. 
 
 PHLYCTEN'ULAR, same etymon. Of or 
 belonging to phlyctaennla, — as phlyctenular oph- 
 thalmia, inflammation of the eye, accompanied 
 with phlyctaenulae on the cornea. 
 
 PHLYCTIDES, Phlyetana. 
 
 PHLYCTID'IUM, same etymon. A circular 
 or annular spot of inflammation of the corium, 
 encircled by a red ring or zone, within which 
 suppuration takes place. The genuine small- 
 pox pustule, and that produced by the applica- 
 tion of tartar emetic ointment are examples 
 of it. 
 
 PHLYCTIS, Phlyctsena. 
 
 PHLYSIS, from Hyta, 'I am hot,' 'I boil.' 
 A cutaneous eruption. An ulcerative, subcu- 
 taneous tumour: flat, tensive, glabrous; dif- 
 fused, hot, throbbing; at length fluctuating, 
 with an acrid ichor. — Good. 
 
 Phlysis, Phlyctaena— p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma 
 
 — p. Impetigo, Impetigo — p. Porrigo, Porrigo 
 — p. Scabies, Psora. 
 
 PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma. 
 
 PHLYZACION, Phlyctana. 
 
 PHOBODIPSON, Hy<lrophobia. 
 .yPHOCOM'ELES, from <fa,xri, 'a seal,' and 
 fitKos, ' a limh.' A genus of monsters, in which 
 the limbs are shortened ; the hands and feet ap- 
 pearing to exist alone, and to be inserted im- 
 mediately on the trunk, as in the seals and the 
 herbivorous cetaceai — J. G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PHCENICISMUS,'Rubeola. 
 
 PHCENIGMUS, Pheni'gmus— p. P^techialis, 
 Purpura simplex. 
 
 PHCENIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree; 
 
 PHONA'TION, Phoniitio, from <fain, 
 ' voice.' The physiology of the voice. 
 
 PHONE, Voice. 
 
 PHO'NICA, 90)vi!ca, from (ptovi;, ' voice.' 
 The first order of the r class Pneiimatiha in 
 Good's Nosology. Defined: diseases affecting 
 the vocal avenues :^the passage of the voice 
 impeded, or its power suppressed or depraved. 
 
 PHONON'OSI, Phononu'si, from <j>air.), ' the 
 voice,' and rooot, 'a disease.' Phonopathi' a. 
 Morbi vocia. Diseases of the voice. ' 
 
 PHONOPATHIA, Phononosi. ' 
 
 PHORA, Gestation. 
 
 PHORBEr Pabulum. 
 
 PHORONOM'IA, from lyojeo^iit, or (ptgoiiai, 
 ' I put myself in motion,' and vo/^os, 'law.' 
 The doctrine of muscular motion. 
 
 PHOROUS, from <pBgm, 'I carry.' A suffix 
 denoting conveyance. HencBj Galacto^Aoro««, 
 &c. 
 
 PHOS, Light. 
 
 PHOSPHAS CALCICUM STIBIATUM, 
 Antimonial powder— ^p. Calcis stibiatns,,Anti- 
 monial powder — p. Natricum, Soda, phosphate 
 of. 
 
 PHOSPHATTC, PhospJiot'icus, from Phos- 
 phorus. Relating to the phosphates; hence 
 the Phosphat'ic DiatKesis is the habit of body 
 which favours the deposition of the phosphates 
 from the urine. 
 
 PHOSPHORE, Phosphdrqs. 
 
 PHOSPHORENESES. M. Baumes unite?, 
 under this generic name, diseases which he 
 attributes to disordered phoSphorization ; i. e. 
 to excess or deficiency of calcareous phosphate 
 or its decoinposition. Amongst these afl%ctions 
 he ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout. 
 
 PBOSPHORES'CENCE, PAoj^jAorejcere'^io. 
 The property possessed by certain bodies of be- 
 ing luminous in obscurity, or under particular 
 circumstances. 
 
 PHOS'PHORIC ACID, Ac"idum phosphor'- 
 idwm, (F.) Acide Phosphoriqu». A solid, co- 
 lourless compound; highly sapii; very soluble 
 in water, and vitrifiable by fire. ; It exists in 
 bones combined with lime. It has been em- 
 ployed in medicine in the form' of lemonade, in 
 passive hemorrhage, typhus, phthisis, maras- 
 mus, &c., and in injection in cases of cancer of 
 the uterus. It does not seem preferable to 
 other acids. 
 
 PHOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. 
 
 PHOS'PHORUS, Phos'phorvm, Awtophos'- 
 pkorus. Ignis philosoph'icus , I/u7nen~eonstans, 
 from <fo)c, 'light,' and <psQa, 'I carry.' (F.) 
 Fhosphore. ' A light carrier.' An elementary 
 or undecomposed substance; not metallic; 
 solid ; transparent or semitransparent ; colour- 
 
PHOSPHURIA 
 
 653 
 
 PHTHISICUS 
 
 cerned. The most active treatment must neces- 
 sarily be pursued. Repeated bleeding ; purging; 
 the iippUcation of ice to the shaved head; ^po- 
 sition in which the head is raised; and the 
 avoiding of irritation of every kind ;— form the 
 remedial means during the violent stage. A-ftev 
 this has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape of 
 the neck or to other paj-ts of the body will be 
 i uu. txic 6.ca.<==. 1-..^- useful adjuvants. When the brain^ and me- 
 lts administration: hence it js ninges were affected only symptomatically, as 
 
 less; brilliant; flexible; bf a sensible gafhc 
 odour; very inflammable, and susceptible of 
 combining with the oxygen of the atmosphere, 
 at even the ordinary temjerature. It does not 
 exist pure in nature, but is found frequently 
 united to other bodies. ■ . ,. 
 
 Phosphorus has been used in medicine^ dis- 
 solved in ether or suspended in the yolk of egg, 
 as a stimulant ; but the greatest -precautions are 
 necessary in 
 
 rarely employed. ' 
 
 PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. - 
 PHOTODAMPSIS, Refraction. 
 PHOTOMA'NIA, from fas, ' light,' and ma- 
 ma.. Insane delirium induced by light. 
 
 PHOTQPHD'BIA, from <fic<:, 'light,' and 
 <fo|Sos, 'fear.' Aversion to light -.—intolerance 
 of light. Nyctalopia. 
 PHOTOPHOBICUS, Liicifugus. 
 PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia. 
 PHOTOPHOBUS, Lucifugus. 
 PHOTOPS'IA, Vistis^ lu'cidus, from <fat, 
 ' light,' and enxp, ' the eye.' A false perception 
 of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, &c. occa- 
 sioned by certain conditions of the retina and 
 brain. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PHRAGMOS, ffay/Aoi, from (fgairo-o), « I en- 
 close.' A row of teeth. ' 
 PHRASIS, Voice, articulated. 
 PHRASUM, Marrubiura. 
 PHREN, 9511V, ' the mind.' Also, the dia- 
 phragm, and scrobicuIuS cordis. 
 PHRENES, Diaphragm. • 
 PHRENESIA, Phrenitis. 
 PBUiN&SIE, Phrenitis. 
 PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 PHRENE'TlASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
 PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 PHRENIC, D>phragmatic. 
 PHRE'NICA, from <pe>!»> ' the mind.' Dis- 
 eases affecting the intellect; characterized by 
 error, perversion, or debility of One or more of, 
 the mental faculties, {Pkretiopathi' a.) The first 
 order of the class Neurotica of Good. 
 
 PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALIC A, 
 Hydrocephalus interpus. 
 PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis. 
 PHRENI'TIS, Phfren'esis, Phrenes'ia, Fhre- 
 neti'asis, Phrenis'mui, Phrenetii'mua, CepAa- 
 li'tis. Cephalalgia inflmwmatQ'ria, Karahitus 
 (Arab.), tSt5ar«, SphaceMs'mus cer'ebri, Em- 
 pre^ma atphali'tis, Siriasis, SeiriasisySiderq!- 
 tio, Inflamma'tio phreni'tis, Encephali'tis, Cau- 
 ma pkrenftisj Phrensy, Delirium, Brain i^e- 
 ver, {Y ,y Phre^iesie, Jhjlammation du cerveau et 
 du cervelet, from (fjiif, 'the mind,' and itis, de- 
 notiiig inflammaiion. A disease characterized 
 by violent pyrfexia, pain in the head, redness of 
 the face and eyes, intolerance of light and sound, 
 watchfulness, and delirium, either furious or 
 muttering. Its causes are the same as those of 
 other inflammations : sometimes, however, it is 
 induced by a Coup de soleil; by inebriation; 
 violetjt mental emotions, &c. Some authors 
 have given the name Phrenitis and Meningitis 
 to inflammation of the membranes of the brain ; 
 and that of Cephalitis, Encephalitis, or Cere- 
 hritis to inflammation of the substance of the 
 brain ; but there are no pathognomonic symp- 
 toms, which can lead us to refer the seat of the 
 disease to either Of those parts exclusively, 
 Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous affec- 
 tion, from the importance of the organ con- 
 
 in inflammation of the diaphragm, the disease 
 was formerly called Paraphrenitis. 
 
 Hydrocephalus cfeutus is a variety qf phre- 
 nitis. J , ■,' 
 
 Phremitis Calentdea, Copp-de-soleil — ^. 
 Latrans, Hydrophobia— p. Potatorum, Delirium 
 tremens — pi Verminosa, Vercoquin. 
 pkRENOLOGY, Craniology. 
 PHRENOPATHIA, see Fhrenica. 
 
 PhkenopaThi'a JEthe'bea. The aggregate 
 of encephalic phenpmena induced by the inha- 
 lation of ether. 
 
 PHRENSY, Phrenitis. , 
 
 PHRICASMUS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICE, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICIA, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICIASIS, Horripilation. 
 
 PHRICO'DES (FEBRIS,)from (p^ixi, 'a 
 shivering;' .HbVn/'ica. A fever in which the 
 chill is very intense and prolonged. 
 
 PHRYAGMA, Shudderirig. 
 
 FHRYCTE, Colophonia. 
 
 PH|IYG"IUS (LAPIS.) An earthy matter, 
 found in Phrygiaand Cappadocia, and formerly 
 employed as an astringent. — Gorrasus. 
 
 PHTHARMA, CALIGO, Caligo— p. Cata- 
 racta, Cataract — p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma. 
 
 PHTHEIR, Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHEIRE'MIA ; from qiBugm, ' I corrupt,' 
 and 'aifid, 'blood.' A State iii which the plastic 
 powers of the blood are deteriorated. 
 
 PHTHEIRI'ASIS, Phthinasis, from fd-ti^, 
 'a louse;' Morbus pedieulo'sus, ^ipediculd'- 
 ris, Pruri'go pedicula'ris, Pedicufa'tio, Malis 
 pedic'uli, Peta'le, Lousiness, Lousy, disease, 
 (F.) Maladie pediculaire, Phthiriase. A dis- 
 ease which consists in the exiiessive multipli- 
 cation of lice on the human body, under condi- 
 tions in which it does not ordinarily take place, 
 and in spite of cleanliness. It has been as- 
 serted that the affection has ofttn caused dbath. 
 Simple and. medicated baths have been 'recom- 
 mended for its removal ; Ibtions of the decoc- 
 tion or infusion of tobacco and stavesacre, mer- 
 curial frictions, &c. 
 
 PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 PHTHEIROCTONUM, Delphinium staphi- 
 sagria. 
 
 PHTHINAS, Phthisis. 
 
 PHTHINODES, Phthisicus. 
 
 PHTHIRIASE, Phtheiriasis. 
 
 PHTHIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis. ' 
 
 PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic— p. Inguinalis, 
 see Pediculus. 
 
 PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHTHIROFORON, Autumn. ' 
 
 PHTHISES : same etymon as Phthisis. In 
 the classification of Fuchs, disea.ses attended 
 with ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation* 
 
 PHTHISIC, Phthisis. 
 
 mTHlS'lCV?,,Phthi>io'des,'I*afidus,Phthi- 
 steal, (F.) Poitrinaire; same etymon as phthi- 
 
PHTHISIE 
 
 654 
 
 PHTHISIS 
 
 sis. Belonging to phthisis. Also, one lahour- 
 ing under phthisis. 
 
 PHTHISIE, Phthisis pulmonalis— y. Calcu- 
 Jeuse, Calculi, pulmonary, see Lithiasis "pulmo- 
 num — p. Careinornateuse, Phthifeis, cancetdUs — 
 p: avec Melanose, Anthracosis, pulmonum — p. 
 Mesenteriqiie, Tahes mesenterica. 
 
 PHTHISIOL'OGY, PkeUsiolog"ia, from 
 <f9iiTk%, and ioyos. A treatise on phthisis." 
 
 PHTHISIOSIS, Tubercular consumption. 
 
 PHTHISI-PNEUMONIA, Phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis. 
 
 PHTHISIS, Phtkoe, Pktkinas, Tales, Te'ce- 
 don, Conaivmptiqn, Decline, from f&io, ' I dry, 
 I fade.' ~ Th^s word, taken in ^ general sense, 
 means progressive emaciation of every part of 
 the hody. It is usujiU-y, hpvcever, restricted to 
 phthisis pulmonalis.' 
 
 Phihisis, Black, see Anthracosis. 
 
 Phthisis, Beon'chial, Phthisis hrpnchia'lis. 
 Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged 
 tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not uh- 
 frequently, communicate with caverns in the' 
 lungs or with the bronchia. ' 
 
 Phthisis Calculosa, Lithiasis pulmonum. 
 
 Phthisis, Can'cerous, Scirrhus, Carcinoma 
 et Fungus P^lmo' num, Med'ullary or Ence- 
 ph'aloid Tumour of, the Ziung^ (P.) Cancer du 
 Poiimon. Cancer of the lung, which gives rise 
 to carcinomatous phthisis, (F.) Phthisic earci- 
 nomate7ise, of Bayle. 
 
 Phthisis Consummata, see Ph. pulmonalis 
 — p. Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis — p. Dyspeptic, 
 see Phthisis — p. Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis — p. 
 Ischiadica, Ischiophthisis. 
 
 Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngi'tis, 
 ■Tjaryngi'tis et ■ Trachei'tis' chron'ica, Tubcrcu- 
 lo'sis laryn'gis et tracke'ai, Laryn^go, et Tracheo- 
 phthisis, Larynggphthisis, Xll'cera sen Helco'sis 
 Laryngis, (P.) Phthisic laryngee. Ulcere du 
 larynx, haryngitc avec secretion de ,Pus., is a 
 species of consumption analogous to phthisis 
 pulmonalis, produced by inflammation and ulce- 
 ration of the interior of the larynx, and some- 
 times by caries of the cartilages. Phthisis 
 trachea'lis, Tracheophthi' sis, is a similar aflfec- 
 tion, seated in the trachea. Chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the larynx and trachea may exist, how- 
 ever, without tubercles or phthisis. 
 
 PhthIsis Meseraioa, Tabes mesenterica — , 
 p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis. 
 
 Phthisis Pulmona'lis, Ph,~pv.lrfiQ^nuni, Ph, 
 pulmona'lis vera seu tuherculo'^sa seu scrophulo'- 
 sa seu tuherculo-ulccra!ta seu puriilen'ta exitlce' 
 ra'ta^. Maras'mii^s phthisis, Hec'tica phthisis, 
 Hcemop'tysis phthisis, P. Pulmona'ris, Phth,i- 
 si-pneumo'nia, Tabss -pulmona! lis seu piilmo'- 
 num. Ulcus pulmonum, Helco'sis pulmona'lis, 
 Pneumonophthi' sis , Pne^tmonoph'thoe, Phthisis 
 scrophulo'sa, Pneui^op'thoS, Putmo'nia, Phthi- 
 ses tuberculo'sa, Tubercido'sis Pulmo'num, 
 Gongrophthi'sis, Tuberculous disease of the 
 Lungs, Pulmonary consumption. Consump- 
 tion, Decline, Phthisic, (F.) Phthisic, P. pul- 
 monaire, Crachement de pus. Occasionally, 
 this formidable disease occurs accidentally: 
 but, usually, it is caused by a conformation ob- 
 tained from progenitors. This, at least, pre- 
 disposes to it ; and but a slight exciting cause 
 may be required to rouse the predisposition into 
 action. It is less a disease of the torrid zone ; 
 and, in the temperate regions of the globe, 
 its pathology, is often intimately allied with 
 
 that of scrofula. It consists in the forma- 
 tion c(f tubercles in the lungs, which sooner 
 or later inflame and break dowrl. In such a 
 constitution, ulosrations of the lungs do not 
 readily heal ; and hectic fever— the universal 
 attendant upon irritability and debility — ^is es- 
 tablished. This persists, and gradually wears 
 down the patient, till he ultimately expires, ex- 
 hausted by the irritative fever. . The chief 
 symptoms are the foUowiiig. The patient feels 
 a sense of uneasiness in the chest, with severe 
 fits of coughing, or. a short and dry cough with 
 dyspnoea. This may be considered the inci- 
 pient stage. The cough then becomes extremely 
 troublesome, especially in the ■ ipoxning ; and 
 dyspnoea is increased on the slightest exertion. 
 The, expectoration is evidently purnlentj,with 
 fever in the evening, and circumscribed red- 
 ness of the cheeks; wasting and colliquative 
 sweats early in the morriingi. This must be 
 considered the confirmed ^tage, — Phthisis eon- 
 summa'ia, Pneumophihi'siS' In the third, or 
 last stage, the hectic is constant, with small 
 pulse, pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and 
 diarrhcEia. The weakness becomes extreme, 
 and, the patient exhausted. Physical' Signs.^- 
 
 1. in the first stage, whilst there are yet scat- 
 tered miliary tubercles, — the only appreciable 
 change at the exterior of the chest, and this is 
 not constant, is a want of freedom in the move- 
 ments under one or both clavicles. Percussion 
 will generally discoyer a slight diminution of 
 sound corresponding to the summit of one lung. 
 In the same situation, auscultation shows that 
 the inspiratory murmur is either wjeakgr, rough- 
 er, or confused. The sound of expiration is 
 more distinct. The voice and cough are" ra- 
 ther inore resonant, and whteezihg or mucous 
 rales are occasionally heard in the sanie region. 
 
 2. When the tubercular deposition has become 
 more abundant, the motion of the chest is more 
 markedly diminished Tjnder one or both clavi- 
 cles. The loss of sound on percussion is more 
 distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation, is 
 bronchial, the expiration louder and more su- 
 perficial, and the resonance of the voice and 
 cough is increased. ' The rest of the latfg is 
 perhaps healthy, or' the respiration may be pue- 
 rile. 3. When the tubercles are undergoing 
 softening, — in addition to the. preceding signs, 
 auscultation exhibits a subcrepitaTit rdle around 
 the apex of the lung, decreasing from above 
 downwards. - It is most distinct during or after 
 the cough", and at the close of a deep inspiration. 
 As the disease proceeds, the bubbling becomes 
 successively larger^ and ultimately gbrgouille- 
 ment is heard. The inspiration and expiration 
 are cavernous or tracheal; The voice and 
 fcough indicate unusual resonance and pectorilo- 
 quy. The intercostal spaces are often depressed 
 locally, and percussion may become gradually 
 clearer and even tympanitic as the cavern in- 
 creases. 
 
 It is only in the incipient state of this formi- 
 dable disease, that advantage can be expected 
 from any plan of treatment ; and of all means 
 that can be devised, that of removing to a cli- 
 mate in which air and exercise can be dally 
 enjoyed during the autumnal, winter, and spring* 
 months is the best. See Climate. If this be 
 impracticable, the patient must be kept in a 
 regulated temperature, taking care that the 
 chamber be duly ventilated ; and gestation in 
 
PHTHISURIA 
 
 655 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY 
 
 the open air be used, whenever the atmosphere, 
 although iold, is dry. The other indications 
 will be: 1. To moderate inflammatory action : 
 3. To support the strength; and, 3. To palliate 
 urgent symptoms. The whole treatment in- 
 deed is palliative. Cotinter-irritants relieve 
 pain : demulcents and mild opiates alleviate the 
 pough : the mineral acids, united with opium, 
 relieve the colliquative sweats; and chali and 
 opium the diarrhoea. 
 
 Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particu- 
 lar species of phthisis, which is characterized, 
 in the early stage, by a deranged state of 
 the digestive organs ;' flatulent, irregular bow- 
 els ; furr(,ed tongue; impaired appetite ; unnatural 
 fsEceSi and the epigastric region more or less 
 full and tender "on pressure. The affection of 
 the lungs is here secondary. He calls it Dys- 
 peptic phthisis. , 
 
 Phthisis- Pulmonalis Purulenta Exulce- 
 KATA, Phthisis pulmonalis^p. Pulmonalis scro- 
 phulosa. Phthisis; pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis 
 tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p. fulmona- 
 lis tuberculosa-ulcerata. Phthisis pulmonalis-^ 
 p. Pulmonalis vera. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pu- 
 pillae, Synezizis — p. - Pupillaris ^ MyOsis — p. 
 Scrophulosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — .p. Tubercu- 
 losa, Phthisis pulmonalis— p. Uterina, Metro- 
 phthisis — p. Vesicalis, Cystophthisis. 
 
 PHTHISURIA, Diabetes! 
 
 PHTHISURIE-, Diabetes— i>. Suerie^ Dia- 
 betes mellitus. 
 
 PHTHOE, Phthisis. ■ 
 
 PHTHOIS, Pastil, -Trochiscus. 
 
 PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscns. 
 
 PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Hyperacusis., 
 
 PHTHORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague. 
 
 PHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive. 
 
 PHUSCA, Oxycrate.^ 
 
 PH YGANTHROPIAf Misanthropia. 
 
 PHYGETH'LON, Panus, Phypella, from 
 avym, ' I broil.' Inflammation of the superficial 
 lymphatic glands, not ending in suppuration., 
 
 PHYLACTERION, Amuletum. 
 
 PHYLACTE'RIUM, from <fv\airaw,'l pre- 
 serve.' A Phylac'tery. Aif amulet : — a pro- 
 ,phy lactic. ' ■ , 
 
 PHYLAXIS, Conservation. 
 
 iPHYLLAN'THUSURINA'RIA,5m;foA«m- 
 ba. ' A plant employed in'Ceylon, in decoction, 
 as a diuretic. 
 
 PHYIiLITIS, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
 
 PHYMA, Pkima, from <pvo/iaij ' I spring up.' 
 With the inqients, this word was used with 
 great latitude: sometimes, in the sense of phleg- 
 mon, for tumours larger than a boil, and per- 
 fectly suppurative. In the nosology of Sau- 
 vages, Phymata ia an order of diseases, to 
 which he refers erysipelas, oedema, phlegmon, 
 emphysema, scirjrhus, &c. In that of Dr. Good 
 it is a genus, including hordeolum, furunculus, 
 sycosis, and anthrax. 
 
 Phyma Anthrax, AntKrEix — p. Anthfecter-. 
 minthus, Terminthus^-p. Sycosis, Sycosis. 
 
 PHYMATO'SES, from »u;m, 'a hard tumour.' 
 Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs. 
 
 PHYMATOSIS, Excrescence— p. Cerebri, 
 » Encephalophy mata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephan- 
 tiasis — p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Ver- 
 ruca. 
 
 PHYMOSIS, Phimosis. 
 
 PHYPELLA, Phygethlon. 
 
 PHYSA, Crepitation. 
 
 PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives. 
 
 PHY'SALIS,P. Alkeken'gi, Stila'tium yeai- 
 ca'rium, Alchachen'gi, Aliekenlgii Halicail- 
 ahum. Winter Cherry, (F.) Attekenge, Coque- 
 ret. Family, Solanese. Sei). Syst. Pentan- 
 driaMonogynia. The berries are recommeidled 
 as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in drop- 
 sical and calculous cases. 
 
 PhysAlis Alkekenoi, Physalis,. 
 
 PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus 
 — p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus. 
 
 PHYSCO'NIA, from (pus-ra, 'a bladder.' 
 Yentros'itas , Ecphy'nia physeo'nia, Syposar'ea, 
 Empkrac'tica, Visco'nia, Hypersarckid'ioa, A 
 generic term, under which Sauvages has com- 
 prised every large tumour developed in the ab- 
 domen, that is neither fluctuating nor sonorous. 
 LinuEEUS calls them Hyposarca. 
 
 Phtsco'mia Adipo'sa, Ohis'itas seu Poly- 
 sar'cia vis'eerum. Accumulati(On of fat in the 
 intestiiies. 
 
 Physoomia Biliosa, TurgSscentia vesiculse 
 fellejB. ' ' 
 
 Physconia Emphysemat'ica. , A ccumulation 
 of air in the cellular tissue, or- between the 
 coats of particular viscera. 
 
 Physconia Lienis, Splenoncus^— p. Mesen- 
 terica. Tabes mesenterica— p. Splenicum, Ague 
 calce. 
 
 Physconia Strumo'sA), Scrofula ahdomina/~ 
 lis inter'na. Tumid abdomen from scrophulous 
 enlargement of the glands. 
 
 FHTSOONIE M£SENT£RIQUE, Ta,bes 
 mesenterica. 
 
 PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis. 
 
 PHYSE'SIS, Physe'ma, from ipvaam, 'I in- 
 flate.' . An emphysematous tumour. Tympa- 
 nites^, 
 
 PHYSETEE MACHOCEPHALUS, see Ge- 
 taceum. i 
 
 PHYSIATRICE, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
 
 PHYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na- 
 ture. , ' 
 
 PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina-r-p. Indian, 
 Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata — p. 
 Root, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 PHYSICAL, Medical. 
 
 PHYSIC'IAN, Med'icus, latros, Aces'tor, 
 Aces'ter, Altheus ; from <fvai!, 'nature.' (F.) 
 Medeciu, One who has. received his degree 
 from an incorporated Institution, as Doctor of 
 Medicine. The French formerly used the word 
 physiden in the same sense. It is now appro- 
 priated to the natural philosopher^ 
 
 Physician, Leaened, . latrosophista — p. 
 Practical, latrotechna. 
 
 PHYSICIEN, Physician. 
 
 PHYSICS, WE-lrlCKL, latrophys'ics. Phy- 
 sics directly applied to'naedicine, — either to the 
 explanation of the vital' phenomena, the preser- 
 vation of individuals, or the treatment of dis- 
 ease. 
 
 PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix 
 naturje. 
 
 PHYSIOG'NOMY, Physiognom'ia, Ptysiog- 
 noTn'ica, Physiognom'ic^, PhysionoTn'ia, Physi- 
 ognomon'ia, Physlognom'oni, Physiognomd^'- 
 yne^ Physiognomosia, AnthroposcopHa, Proso- 
 pomanti'a, Prosopolog"ia, Semiot'iel fa'diei, 
 Physiognomon'ica, Physio gnom'ony, Metopos'- 
 copy, Prosopo'sis, from tpuo-/;, 'nature,' and 
 yiwiricw, ' I know.' The art of knowing the 
 
PHYSIOLQGIA 
 
 656 
 
 PICACISMUS 
 
 dispositions of men from their external ap- 
 pearance; especially from the features. Every 
 inference ofthis kind mufet necessarily he ex- 
 tremely fallacious, and xannot be- reduced to 
 rule, as was attempted by Lavater and others. 
 In infantile diseases, numerous shades of ex- 
 pression are evident, whrgh experience teaches 
 how to appreciate; and which afford useful 
 guides in understanding the pathology of that 
 period of existence. * 
 
 PHYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see 
 Pathogenetic. - 
 
 ' PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY, see Ana- 
 tomy — ^p. Doctrine, Broussaism. , 
 . PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology. 
 
 PH YSI OL ,'OGY, :Phystolog"ia,Biol'ogy, 
 Siot'icSf BiophcB7io7n6nolog"iay Physiolog\ci, 
 CEcon&m'ia anima'lis^ Anatom'ia viva, Anat'' 
 orrie anima'ta, Antkro.polog"ia, J\ficrocos7nogra'- 
 phiaTj. Microeos'Tnica scieii'tia, Cog7iit"io phy- 
 siolog"ieay Pars nature^ lis ' i/nedici^Tise, Philo- 
 soph'ia cor'poris vvoi; from <fu<ric, 'nature,' and 
 Xoyot, 'a description..' Formerly, Physiology 
 meant the same as Physics, in its extensive sig- 
 nification, now does. At the present day, it 
 includes the science which treats of the func- 
 tions of animals or vegetables ; an acquaintance 
 with the phenomena the aggregate of which con- 
 stitute life. It is the science of life. It is di- 
 vided into aiiymal — ^po'physiologia, and vegdfa- 
 We, according as it considers the life of animals 
 or of vegetables singly. Comparative physio- 
 logy comprises both. Physiology is, also, 
 general or special, according as it treats of life 
 in the abstract or in some particular species. 
 To the latter belongs the Physiology of Mim, 
 — called also. Hygienic Physiology, to distin- 
 guish it from Pathdlogical Physiology or Pa- 
 thology. 
 
 Physiology, PATHoeENETic, see Pathogene- 
 tic. 
 
 PHYSIONQMIA, Physiogilomy. 
 
 PBTSIONOMIE AGAR&E, sseWm. 
 
 PHYSIS, Natura, Sex. . : 
 
 PHYSOCE'LE, Fnev/maloci'U, Hernia ven-' 
 to'sa; Oscheoce'li fiatulen^tayEmphysB'Tna Scro- 
 ti, from ^ufftfm, ' I insufflate,' anH xjjmj, ' a tu- 
 mour.' An emphysematous tumoiir of the 
 scrotum; probably a case of intestinal herliia, 
 containing much flatus. 
 
 PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from <pvaaw, f I inflate.' 
 and it«9a\;i, ' the head.' PhyscoCeph'cUus. Em- 
 physematous, tumefaction of the head. ' 
 
 PHYSOCCELIA, Tympanites. 
 
 PHYSO'DES; from<pvo-a«,'I inflate,' and fijsc, 
 ' resemblance.' Full of air ; apparently full of 
 air — applied to tumours, &c. 
 
 PHYSOME'TRA, Emphyse'Ma V-teri, Hys- 
 teroph'yse, Hysteropsoph'ia, Hysteremphyse'ma, 
 Hystremphyse'Ttia, Metremphyse'md,'. ^dceop- 
 ^ophHa iiteri'na, Emphyse'ma iiteri'num, Injia'- 
 tlo XI'teriyTyvt/pq/riy of the Womb, V'terine tym- 
 pani'tes, from <fu!ram, ' I inflate,' and fitjTQa, ' the 
 womb.' A light, tense, circumscribed protu- 
 berance in the hypogastrium, obscurely sono- 
 rous, with wind occasionally discharged through 
 the OS uteri. 
 
 PHYSON, Flatulence. 
 
 PHYSONCUS, Emphysema. 
 
 PHYSOP'SPPH'IA; from <pvfa<», 'I inflate,' 
 and Vojof, ' a noise.' The discharge of air with 
 noise. 
 
 PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta. 
 
 PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous. 
 
 PHYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo' deealvans. 
 
 PHYTOLACCA DEC AN' BRA, Poie Weed, 
 Amer'ican -Night Shade, Cancer ''root. Poke, 
 Skoke, Jucato Cdleloe, (?) Jalap, Pigeon Ber- 
 ries, Jalap cancer root, Sola'num rac^mo'silm 
 ' AmeAea'num, S. magnum Yirginia'nwm ru- 
 'irwm,BlitKmA'merica'ntem, Garget, (F.^JRaisin 
 d'Amerignei Phytolaque adis; etamines,Morelle 
 en grafpes, Mechoachan du Canada, Family, 
 Chenopodeae. Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia. 
 The leaves, berries, and roots are employed. 
 The young stems, When boiled, are sometimes 
 eaten at table ; but when old, they must be cau- 
 tiously used, as the plant is emetic and cathar- 
 tic. It is most celebrated as a remedy in chronic 
 rheumatism; and is given in the form' of tincture 
 of the ripe berries. It is, also, used in cuta- 
 neous eruptions; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous 
 ulcers, Sfc. i 
 
 The ro6t is gathered and dried in the fall. 
 
 PHYTQLAQTTE A DIX MTAMINES, 
 Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 PHYTOLOGIA MEDICAjBotany, medical. . 
 
 PHYTOPH'AGOUS, PhytopKagus.; Phy- 
 tiv'oro'as, Phyiiv'orus; from 9i;tov, ' a plant,' 
 and >«5/B, 'I eat.' Feeding 'or subsisting on 
 vegetables. 
 
 PHYTOSPERM'A, (F.) FTiytosperme; pom 
 tpoTov, ' a vegetable-,' and rmQficc, 'sperm.' Par- 
 ticles similar to the spermatozoa of animals^ 
 observed in vegetables, and presuhied to possess 
 a similar agency in reproduction. 
 
 PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy,.(vegetable.) 
 
 PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte. 
 
 PIA MATER, Pia seu mollis seuten'-fiis Ma- 
 ter, Pia rmninx, Mtninx inte'rior, Heninai 
 choroi'des, Inner lam'ina of the JHeningine, 
 (Ch.,) Wemird'na vc^culo'sa Cer'ehri, Mem- 
 hri^na Cer'ebri t-en'uiPseu wiollis seu pro'pria,- 
 (F.) Pie mere, Meningette. The pia" mater is 
 a very delicate membrane, which covers the 
 brain immediately, penetrates into its anfrac- 
 tuosities, and envelops, also, the cerebellum 
 and the spinal prolongation, &c. Bichat'dpes , 
 not regard it as a membrane, properly so called, 
 but as a net-work of blood-vessels, united by a 
 lax cellular tissue. The Pia Mater exterior is 
 the portion of membrane which covers the ex- 
 terior of the encephalon, and laces the arachnoid 
 externally. The Pia Mater interior is that 
 which lines the cerebral foss^, into which it 
 penetrates by a cleft situate between the pos- 
 terior part of the corpus callosum aid the for- 
 nix ; and by tTvo other fissures, situate between 
 the corpora fimbriata and thalami nervorum 
 opticorum. The pia mater contains a great 
 number of granulations similar to the Glandu- 
 ls£ Pacchioni. 
 
 Pia Mater Testis, Tunica vasculosa — p. 
 Meninx, P. Mater. 
 
 PIAN, Framboesia. 
 
 PIANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian. 
 
 PIAR, Piiiguedo. 
 
 PIARHjE'MIA; from mag, 'fat,' and 'atna, 
 ' blood.' Fat in the blood. — Simon. 
 
 PICA, Malacia — p. Africanorum, Chthono- 
 phagia. 
 
 PIC AC, Euphorbia coroUata. 
 
 PICACISM'US, Pica'tio, from pix, « pitch.' 
 Depilation by means of a pitch plaster. Also, 
 Malacia. . 
 
PICATIO 
 
 657 
 
 PILL 
 
 PICATIO, Malacia, Picacismus. 
 
 PICEA, Pinus abies. 
 
 PICERION, Butter. 
 
 PICHtJ'RIM BEANS. The seed ofa tree not 
 determined, which grows in, Brazil, Guiana, 
 Yeneziielaj and other parts of South America. 
 They are of an elliptical shape ; flat on one side, 
 convex on the other ; of an aromatic odour be- 
 tween that of nutmegs and sassafras, and of a 
 spicy, pungent taste. The medical properties 
 are ^the same as those of other arojnatics. 
 
 PICKEREL WEED, SHOVEL, UnisimideU 
 tifdlia. 
 
 EICOTE, Variola. 
 
 PiCOTEMENT, Pricking. 
 
 PICR^NA EXCELSA, Quassia. 
 
 PICRIA, Bitterness. 
 
 rtCRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
 
 PICROCHOLOS, Bilious. 
 
 PrCROMEL, Silin; from nniQUs, 'bitter,' 
 and |ue\<, ' honey.' A name given by Th^nard 
 to a colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bit- 
 ter, saccharine taste, nauseous smell, and very 
 soluble in water. 
 
 It forms part of the bile, and is classed amongst 
 the animal immediate principles. 
 
 PICROS, Amarus. 
 
 PICROTOX'INE, Pierotoxi'na, Pierotoic'in, 
 from reixgot, ' bitter,' and toIivov, ' poison.' A 
 vegetable alkali, discovered by M. BouUay in 
 the Menispervmm Cocculus. It crystallizes in 
 quadrangular, white, brilliant, semitransparent 
 prisms ; which are e:|ccessively bitter, soluble 
 in three parts of alcohol, and in fifteen of boil 
 ing water. 
 
 ' The Cocculijs Indicus owes its poisonous pro- 
 perties to this principle. , 
 
 PIE MiRE, Pia mater. 
 
 PIB-MMRITE, Inflamma'tiopiamatris. A 
 miserably, compounded term, employed by M. 
 GrisoUe, to express inflammation of the {tia 
 mater: — ^from (F.) pte mhe, 'the pia. mater,' 
 and ite, Ms; a termination denoting inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 PlkCE, Hepatitis. 
 
 PIkCES B'ANATOMIE ARTIPI- 
 CIELLES,see Artificial. 
 
 PIED, Pesr'-p. d' Alemandrey Anthemis pyre- 
 thrum — ji. d'Albuette des champs. Delphinium 
 consolida — pi Bot, see Kyllosis — p. de C/iat, 
 Autennaria^ dioica — p, de C/ieval marin, Cornu 
 amtaonis — p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helle- 
 borus foBtidns— j>. de iiore, Alchemilla — p. de 
 Xt'^, Origanum — p. d'Ours, Acanthus mollis—;). 
 Plat, see Kyllosis — p. de Veau, Arum macula- 
 tam-^p. de Teau Triphylle, Arum triphyllum' 
 
 PIEIRON, Pinguedo. 
 
 PIERRE, Calculus—;). d'AigU, Elites-;). 
 d'Aiior, Lapis lazuli — p.Calaminaire, Calamine 
 — p. a Cauthe,Vgtassa. cum calce — p. Infernale, 
 Argenti nitvas -^p. Judaigtie, JaAsBns, (lapis) 
 — p. au Lait, Morochthus — p. Medicamenteuse, 
 Medicamentosus lapis — p.Nephretiriiie,N6fhiQ- 
 ticus lapis — p. Ponee, Pumex. 
 
 PIERRES CRATEUSES, Calculi, arthri- 
 tic — p. au Fiel, Calculi, biliary —p. Stercorals, 
 Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines— p. TJri- 
 naires. Calculi, urinary. 
 
 PIESTER, Press. 
 
 PIESTERION, Press. 
 
 PIESTRON, from miKo, 'I press.' An in- 
 strument recommended by Hippocrates for 
 
 breaking the bones of the ftetal head when too 
 large to be extracted otherwise. 
 
 PIGAWON JAUNJTRE, Thalictron. 
 
 PIGEON BERRIES, Phytolacca decandr*— 
 p. Tree, Aralia spinosa. ' ■ 
 
 PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment. 
 
 PIGMEN'TAL ; from pigmentumj, ' paint.' 
 Having relation to pigment or colouring matter. 
 
 Pigmental Appaba'ids, (F.) Appareil pig- 
 mental. Thft apparatus concerned in the colo- 
 ration of the skin of the coloured varieties of 
 man. — Flourens. 
 
 PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguenta- 
 rius. ' r , 
 
 PIGMENTUM, Paint— p. Indicum, Indigo— 
 p. Nigrum, see Choroid — p. Uracu, Teira Or- 
 leana. 
 
 PIGNEROLE, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
 
 PIGNbN DE BARBARIE, Jatropha cur- 
 cas — p. d'Inde, Jatropha curpas. 
 
 PIGNUT, Earthnut, Grouridnut., The bul- 
 bous root of Bu'nitiTfi Bulhocas'tanum, Called 
 pignuts from the fondness of the pig for them. 
 They have been considerfd to possess a styptic 
 quality;^ and are deemed serviceable in atonic 
 affections of the kidney. — ^Hooper. 
 
 Pignut, Bunium bulbocastaniim. 
 
 PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suilla. 
 
 PILA, Sphcera, Ball. A gymnastic exercise, 
 much used by thp ancients as well as moderns. 
 ■ — Galen. Also, a mortar and a pestle, — Ac' one. 
 
 PiLA, Mortar, Pillar — ^p.'Damarum, .^gagro- 
 pila — p. Rupicaprarum, .^gagropila. 
 
 PiLA Mabi'na, Sphcera Marina, SphceraTha- 
 lasfsia^ Halcyo'ni'iim rotun'dum, (F.) Pelote de 
 Mer. ^ Ceftain light, round, depressed, or oblong 
 masses — ^inodorous arid insipid— ^in whicli rushes, 
 hairs, and the debris &f shells are met with. 
 Th^se are found on the sea shores, and have 
 been regarded by Spielmann as consisting chiefly 
 of the roots of the Zos'tera Mari'r^a. Iodine is 
 detected in the ashes, which accounts for their 
 success in goitre. They have, also, been given 
 as a vermifuge. 
 
 PILARE MALUM, Trichosis. 
 , .. PILA'TIO, from pilus, ' a hair.' Fracture 
 of the cranium in which the fissure is narrow, 
 and has the appearance of a hair — a eap'illary 
 fissure, (F.) Fente capillaire. 
 
 PILEOLUM, Ca^oite. 
 
 riLEOLUS, Caul, Pileus. 
 
 PI'LEOU S,Pilo'sus, (E ) Pileua;. That which 
 relates to the hair. 
 
 PiLEocs System of Bichat is that formed by 
 the hair; It comprises the different species of 
 hair of the human body. 
 
 PILES, BLIND, Cfficae hffimorrhoides. 
 
 PILEUS, ' a hat, cap'or bonnet for the head.' 
 Pile'olus. A shield. A nipple-like instrument, 
 formed of various materials, and used by fe- 
 males for protecting the nipple during the child's 
 sucking, when the part is painful. Also, a caul. 
 
 Pileus, Cucupha — p. Hippocraticas, Bonnet 
 d'Hippocrate. 
 
 PILBUX, Pileous. 
 
 PILEWORT, Ranunculus acris,and H.ficaria. 
 
 PILI CAPITIS, see Capillus — p. Cutis, 
 Lanugo — p. Palpebrarum, Cilia. 
 
 FILIER,Pi\\ea. 
 
 PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis. 
 
 PILL, Pilula — p. of Aloes and Camboge, Pi- 
 lulaB aloes et cambogiae — p. of Aloes and cin- 
 chona, Filulae aloes et kinae kinae — p. of Aloes 
 
PILL 
 
 658 
 
 PILULE EX ALOE 
 
 and colocynth, Pilulas alo^s et colocynthidis — 
 p. of Aloes and fetid gums, Pilute de aloe et 
 fcetidis — p. of Aloes and ginger, Pilulae aloes et 
 zingiberis — p. Aloes and myrrh, Pilulae aloes et 
 • Hiyrrhae— p. Aloetic, Pilulae aloeticae— p. Aloe- 
 tic and asafcetida, Pilulae aloes ct ■ asafoetidae— 
 p. Aloetic, compound, Pilulae aloes compositee-^ 
 p. of Ammoriiuret of copper, Pilulae ammoniu- 
 reti cupri^^p. Analeptic, James's, ,see Ahalep- 
 tica — p. Anderson's, see Pilulae' aloes et jalapae 
 — p. Anodyne, Pilulae ' opiatae — p. Antibilious, 
 Barclay's, Pilulae antibiliosae— p. Antitjilious, 
 Dixon's, Pilulae antibiliosae^-p. Asiatic, Pilulae 
 Asiaticae — p; Bacher's, Pilulae ex helleboro et 
 myrrha — p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossae pilulte. 
 
 Pill, Blaud's. These pills, proposed by M. 
 Blaud as^antichlorotjc, are formed as follows : 
 Take of GumTragacanth, in powder, six grains ; 
 water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por- 
 celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed, 
 and if it be desired to prevent the formation of 
 peroxide of iron, and to make the pills similar 
 to those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of pow- 
 dered sugar for the mucilage. Add afterwards 
 of sulphate of iron, in powder, half an ounce. 
 Beat well until the mixture is homogeneous, 
 and add subtarbonate of- potass, half an ounce. 
 Beat until the ,mass becomes of a deep green 
 colour, and of a soft consistence.. Divide into 
 48 (?) pills. Dose, one a day; gradually increas- 
 ing to two, and afterwards three. 
 
 Pill, BLtiE, Pilulae hydrargyri^p. Bran- 
 dreth's, Pilulae Aloes et Cambo^ise — p. Calomel, 
 Pilulje hydrargyri chloridi nlitis — p. Gamboge, 
 Pilulae cambogiae compds. — p. Gamboge, com- 
 pound, Pilulae cambogiae compositae-^p. of Garbo- 
 nate of iron, Pilulse ferri carbpnatis — p. Cathar- 
 tic, compound, Pilulae catharticae compositae — 
 p. Common, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae. 
 
 Pill, Everlasting. A pill once in vogue, 
 and said to be composed of metallici antimony. 
 It was believed to have the property of purging 
 as often as it was swallowed. A lady having 
 swallowed one of these pills, became seriously 
 alarmed at its jiot passing. " Madam," said 
 her physician, " fear not ; it has already passed 
 through a hundred patients without any diffi- 
 culty." — Paris. 
 
 Pill, Female, Pilulae de aloe et fofetidisT^p. 
 Ferruginous, of Vallet, seeFerrrProtocarbonas 
 — p.Fothergill's, see Pilulae aloes et colocynthi- 
 dis — p. Galbanum, coinpound, Pilulae galbani 
 compositae — p. Gum, Pilulae galbani compositae 
 — p. of Hellebore and myrrh, Pilulae ex helle- 
 boro et myrrha^— p. Hesketh's, see Pilulae aloes 
 et kinee kinae — p. Hooper's^ see Pilulae aloes et 
 myrrhae — p. Keyser's, see Hydrargyrus ace- 
 tatjis — p. . Lady Grespigny's, Pilulae aloes et 
 kinae kinae. 
 
 Pill, Lartigxjes', Pil'ulce Col'chici et Digi- 
 ta'lis (Ext. Coloc: c, gss: Ext. Sem. Colchic. 
 alcoholic, Mxtract, Digital, alcohol, aa gr. iss: 
 f. massa in pilul. x dividend.) Dose, two, three 
 or more in the 24 hours, in gout. 
 
 Pill Machine, Pilulier — ^p. Matthews's, 
 see Pilulae ex helleboro et myrrhi — p. Mer- 
 curial, Pilulffi hydrargyri — p. of mild chlo- 
 ride of Mercury, Pilulae hydrargyri chloridi 
 mitisT— p. Moffat's, Pilulae aloes et cambogiae 
 — p. Morrison's, Pilulae aloes et cambogiae, 
 see Pilulae cambogiae compositae — p. Moseley's, 
 Pilulae rhej compositffi — p. Night, common, Pi- 
 lulffi opiatae — p. Opiate, Pilulae opiatte — p. 
 
 Peters', see Pilulffi aloes et camtbgiae — p. 
 Plummer'SjPiluliE hydrargyri submuriatis com- 
 positae — p. of Sulphate of Quinia, Pilulae qni- 
 niae sulphatis — p. Red, Pilulre hydrargyri sub- 
 muriatis compositae — p. Red, Boerhaave'fl, see 
 Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — p. of Rhu- 
 Ijarb, Pilulae Rhej — p. of Rhitbarb, -compound, 
 Pilulae rhei compositae — p. Rufus's,' Pilute 
 aloes et myrrhap — p. Scotch, Pilulae de aloe et 
 foetidis^-p. of Soap apd opium, Pilulae saponis 
 cura opio— p- Speediman's, . see Pilulae aloes et 
 myrrhae' — p. Squill, compound, Pilulae scillae 
 compositae — p. Starkey's,. see Pilulae ex helle- 
 boro et myrrha — p. Storax, Pilulae e stjrrace — 
 J), of Strychnia, Pilulap 'stryohnise — p. of Sub- 
 muriate of mercury, compound, Pilulae hydrar- 
 gyri submuriatis compositae — p.. Tanjore, Pilu- 
 lae Asiatiqae — p. Turpentine, Pilulae, de t^rebin- 
 thinfi— p. Vallet's, see Ferri protocarbonas, and 
 Pilulse ferri carbonatis — p. Webster's, Pilulae 
 aloes et kinae kinae. 
 
 PILLAR, Pila, Coltim'na) ColumeVla, (F.) 
 Pilier. A name given to several parts ; as the 
 pillars of the velum palati-, diaphragTn, &c. 
 
 P/iOiV, Pilum. 
 
 PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella. 
 
 PILOSUS, Pileous. ^ , ■ , 
 
 PIL'ULA, Plural, PiVulse: Diminutive of 
 pila, ^aball:' Sphtsrid'ionj Catapo'tion,' Ca^ 
 tap'otuTJi, SphtB'rion, Gongyl'ion, Gon' gylis^ 
 Gongylid'iwm. A Pill.- (7.') Pilule. A simple 
 or compound- medicine, weighing from one to 
 five grains, qf a firm, consistence and spherical 
 form ; intended to be swallowed at once, with- 
 out chewing. The Pill differs from the Bolus, 
 the latter being softer and larger. 
 
 Medicines are often given in the form of pill j 
 on account of their disagreeable taiste and odour. 
 Piltda, also, means a PiluVar mass. 
 
 PILULE EX ALOE, P. aloes composite— 
 p. de Aloe et cambogiA, P. aloes et cambogiae. 
 
 PiLUL^s: Aloet'ice, Pilulae ex Aloe et Sapo'- 
 ne, Aloet'ic Pill, (F.) Pilules d' aloes ou alo- 
 etiques. {Aloes in pulv.; saponis, sing. ?jj 
 syr.ii. s. to form 240 pills. Ph. IT. S.) Dose, 
 gr. x. to XX in habitual costiveness. 
 
 PiLULffl Aloes et AsAFce'TiDiE, Aloetic and 
 Asafcetida Pills. {Aloes; ^ss, asafcetidse, sa- 
 ponis, sing, ^ss, mucilag. acacise, q. s. to form 
 180 pills, rh. U. S.) Purgative and stoma- 
 chic. Dose, gr. X. 
 
 Pilule Aloes et CAMBo'siiE, P: de Aloe et 
 Cambo'gi&,P .Hydrago'gce Bon'tii, Pill of Aloes 
 and Camiboge. {Aloes, cambQg., gum. oAwmo- 
 niac, aa p. ae. Make into a powder. Dis- 
 solve in vinegar ; pass through a cloth ; express 
 the residuum strongly ; and afterwards evapo- 
 rate, in a water bath, to a pilular consistence. 
 Ph. P.) I'urgative: used in dropsy. Dose, 
 gr. xij to XXX. 
 
 Peters' Pills — a nostrum — are formed of aZoe*, 
 jalap, scarmnony, and camboge, of each equal 
 parts. , , 
 
 The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called 
 Hygilne pills,ot Brandreth's Pills and Moffat's 
 pills, is said to be aloes, with camboge, scam- 
 mony, &c. 
 
 PiLTJLiE Aloes et Coloctij'thidis,'P. ex Oo- 
 locynth'idB cum aloe, P. Aloes cum Cblocynthi-' 
 de, P. coc'cinx, P. cocchp^P. colocyn'thidis com- 
 pos'itce, P. eoccix mino'res. Pill of. aloes and 
 Colocynth. {Pulp, coloc. §ss, aloes hepat., 
 scammon., aa §j, sapon. ^ij, ol. caryoph. Zh 
 
'VILVLM ALOES COMPOSITE 559 
 
 PILULiE DE CYNOGLOSSO 
 
 syritp. q. s. PA. JD.). Cathartic. DoSe, gr. v. 
 to X ot more. 
 
 Foth'ergiWs Fills consist of aloes, semic- 
 mony, co/ocyre^A,. and oxide of antimony . 
 
 ViLVLM Aides CoMros'iiiE, Filula ex Alo'i, 
 Componnd Atoetic Pills. (^Aloes sfic. extract, 
 cont. ^i,'ext. gentiana §ss, otei earui gtt. xl. 
 syr. q. s. Fk. L.) These are sometimes, also, 
 called Family pills, Antibiloua pills, &c. 
 
 PiLTJLffl DE Aloe et Fos'tidis, F. Benedid- 
 txFulleri, Fill of aloes arid fetid gums ; Filu- 
 Ice ecphrae'ticce. Female pills, filula aloes mar- 
 tia'Us, (F.) FihUes henites de Fuller, (Aloes 
 socotr., sennce, asafatidcB, galbani, aa 3'ji 
 myrrh, Jjiv, crdd, mads, aa 3j, ferri sulphat, 
 gisa. /Reduce to powder separately, and add 
 ol, succin, gtt.^viij, syr. artemisise q. s. Fh. 
 P.) Purgative, and'giveh in hysteria. Dos;e, 
 gr. XV to XX.-," ' 
 
 PiLULiE Aloes et Jalap'^, commonly called 
 Anderson's Pills, Anderson's Scots' Pills, 
 Scotch Pills, {Aloes Barbad. Isj, rod. helleb. 
 nigr., rod. jalapce, potassw subcarb., aa gj, 
 ol. anisi giv, syrup, simpl. q. s. — Gray.) Dose, 
 gr. X to XXX. 
 
 A committee of the Philadelphia Oo'Uege of 
 Pharmacy recommend the following : Aloes 
 Barbadens. 5xxiv, Saponis, "^iv, Colocynthfd. 
 §j, Gdmhogis:,^}, 01. amis, f. gss. 
 
 PiLULJE Aloes et Kin^ KiNiE, P. stomach'- 
 iecE, P. ante cibum', Pill of Aloes and Cinchona, 
 ^F.) PilidesGourmandes. (Aloes socotr, ^vj, 
 ext. cinchon, ^iij, cinnam. gj, syrup, absinth. 
 q. s. Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Dose, 
 gr. X. to Xx. 
 
 Lady Crespigny's Fills, Lady Webster's 
 Fills, Lady Hesieih's pills, and the Pilulse 
 Stomach'icce Mesues, Ph. L. 1635, resemble 
 these. 
 
 PiLULj! Aloes Maetiales, P. de Aloe et fce- 
 tidis. ' . , -I 
 
 PiLULiE Aloes et Mtrehjb, P. Aloes cum 
 Myrrhd, F.deAloeet Myrrh6.,'kufus' s or RvJf- 
 fus's Pills, Common Pills, Pilulce Rnfi sen 
 B.v.JJi, P. Commu'nes, Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. 
 (Aides gij, croei in pulv. ,^!S, myrrh, ,^j. Syr. 
 q. s. to form 480 pills. Ph. U. S.) Cathartic 
 and emmenagogue. : Dose, gr. a. to xx. 
 
 carbonatis ammonise q. s. Beat into a mass, 
 arid clivide intoxxxij pills. Ph, E,) Tonic 
 and antispasmodic, in epilepsy, &e. Dose, one 
 pill twice daily i gradually increasing the dose. 
 
 Pilule Ante Cieum, P. aloes et kinaa kinie. 
 
 Pilul/e- Antieilio'SjE, Barclay's AntiUl'- 
 ious Pills, (Extract of colocynth J^ij, resin of 
 jalap,.^j, almond soap giss, guaiac, giij, emetic 
 tart, gr, viij. ol, junip,, ol, carui, ol, rosmarin. 
 aa gtt. iv, syrtip of bticithom q. s., to form 
 64 pills.) Dose, 2 or 3. 
 
 Dixon's Antitilious Pills are formed of aloes, 
 scammony, rhubarb, and tartarized antimony. 
 ' PiLULJE. Artihekpetic «, PilulsB hydrargyri 
 Siiibniuriatis comp. — p. Antihystericse, P. gal- 
 bani cbmpositsB, 
 
 PiLULffi ANTisCKOPHULo'sffi, P. ex Ox'ido 
 Stib'ii et Hfydrar'gyri sulphure'to nigro com- 
 pos'itae.. (P. scam/mon.,- hydrarg. Sulphur. 
 nigTi,'^ §ij, antimonii oxidi albi,'milleped., 
 sapon. amygdalin., aa giij, extract, glycyrrh. 
 ^v. Make into a mass. Ph. P.) Dose gr. 
 
 IV. to XX. ' 
 
 PiLULiE Antispastics, P. galbani compositae 
 — p. Asafffitidae cOmpositaj, P. galbani com- 
 positae. ^ 
 
 PiLULi: hsi&r'ics., Asiat'ic Fillsi Tanjore 
 Pills. (Acid, arsenios. gr. Iv : Piper, nigr, 
 pulv. gix., Acacias q. s. ut fiant pil. 800. Each 
 pill contains about one-fifteenth of a grain of 
 arsenious acid. These pills are employed in 
 India for the cure of syphilis and elephantiasis. 
 PiLDLa; BALSAM'iciE, P. Ddcto'Hs Morton 
 (Milleped ptUveHsat, gxviij,g^*». ammon, gxj, 
 acid, benzoic, ^tjfCrifCi, balsam, Peruv, aa'^j., 
 balsam, siilph,^ anisat, gvj. Mix. PA. P.) 
 Tonic, expectorant, and balsamic. 
 
 PiLUi,^ Benedicts FulleEi, P. dq. Aloe et 
 fcetidis. 
 
 Pilule CAMBo'Gia; Compos'it*, P. de gjm& 
 gamanldrd, P,hydrago'gtx, Gamboge pills. Pi- 
 lule gummi gutttB oloetHcx; Compottnd Cam- 
 boge pills,' (F.) " Piliiles de gomme guite com- 
 posef.s, (Cambogise contrita, aloes spicat, ex- 
 tract, contriti,, pulv. cinnam. comp, sing., zf, 
 saponis gij. Ph, L,) Cathartic. Dose, gr. 
 x to XX. 
 Morrison's Pills are said by Dr. Paris to be 
 
 iS»o^«r'«P««j, according to one of Gray's for- nothing more than the above, with the addition 
 
 mulsB, are made as follows. Ffrri Sulph,, 
 o?«a, aa 5viij : dissolve. Add Aloes Barbad, 
 Biij and gviij, cameWs (ilba, §vj, gum myrrh, 
 §ij, opopanacis, giv. 
 
 The Committee of the Philadelphiai College 
 of Pharmacy recommend the following form. 
 Aloes Barbliidensis,'^v\\\, Ferri SulpKatis e.xsic- 
 ««*•), 3 ii>.^iss,ver.P6rri Sulph, crystall, .^iv, 
 Ext, Helieb, nigr, |ij, myrrh, |ij, Saponis, 
 ,3.1], Canellssinpidv, tritce,^], Zingib. in pulv. 
 tritk, f j. 
 
 Speediman's Pills consist of aloes, myrrh, 
 rhubarb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil 
 of chamomile. 
 
 Pilule; de Aloe et Sapone, P. aloeticaej 
 
 PiLTJLiE Aloes cum Zingib'ere, Pill of aloes 
 and ginger. (Aloes hepat. gj, rad. zingib. in 
 piilv. 3j; sapon. Hispam, gss, ol. ess. menthce 
 pip, gss. Ph, D.) In habitual costiveness. 
 Dose, gr. x to xx. 
 
 Pilul,e_Ammoniuee'ti Cupri, Pills of Am- 
 moniuretof Copper, Pilulce Cupri, (F.) Pilules 
 d'ammoniure de cuivre, (Ammoniur, cupri in 
 pulv, ten. trit. gr. xvj, mica panis giv, aquse 
 
 of a small portion of cream of tartar. 
 
 PiL'uLJE Cathae'ticjE Coimpos'it,e, Coot- 
 poicnd cathartic ^lls, (Ext. colocynth. comp, 
 in pulv. gss; Ext, Jalapce in pulv., Hydrarg, 
 chlorid, mit, aa giij ; Gambog, in pulv. gij. M. 
 Form into a mass with water, and make into 
 180 pills— Ph. U. S.) Three for a dose. 
 
 Pilule Coccihi, P. aloes et colocynthidis — 
 p. Coceiae minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis — 
 p. Coccinae, P. aloes et colocynthidis — p. Col- 
 chici et digitalis, P. Lartigues' — p. Colocyn- 
 thidis compbsitse, P. aloes et, colocynthidis — 
 p. ex Colocynthide cum aloe, P. aloes et colo- 
 cynthidis — p. Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae 
 — p. Cupri, Pilulse ammoniureti ci^pri. 
 
 Pll,VLlECo-Bi.'iB^,Pills of Copaiba, (Copaib, 
 |iJ! OTag-ra«jiffi, recentfe praapar. gj. Mix, and 
 set aside till it concretes into ai pilular mass, to 
 be divided into 200 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Each 
 pill contains nearly five grains of copaiba. Two 
 to six for a dose. 
 
 PILDLJ3 DE Cynoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii, 
 (Pulv, rod, cynogloss,, semin, hyoscyam. alb., 
 extract, opii vinos, aa giv. pulv, myrrh, ^vj 
 
PILULE DEPURANTES 
 
 660 PILULJE SCILL^ COMPOSIi;^ 
 
 oliban, gv, croci., castor., So. ^\ss, syrup opii q. s. 
 Ph. P.) Anodynei In cough, &c. Dose, gr. 
 iv. to gr. viij. 
 
 PiLULiE DepueanteSj.P. hydiBrgyri submu- 
 riatis compos. — p. EcphracticaBj P. de aloe et 
 foetidis. 
 
 PiLULiE Perei Carbona'tis, PiUs of Carbo- 
 nate of iron, Vallet'sfirru'ginous pills. (^Ferri 
 Sulph. ,^iy; Sodse Carhonat. gv; Mel.^espu- 
 mat. ,^ijss; Syrup., AqiuB bullientis, aa q. s. 
 Dissolve the sulphate of iron and carbonate of 
 soda, each in a pint of the water, and to each 
 solution add a fluidounce of syrup; then mix 
 the two solutions in a bottle just large enough 
 to contain them; close it accurately with a 
 stopper, and set it by, that the carbonate of iron 
 may subside* Pour off the liquid, and h^ing 
 washed the precipitate with warm Water, sweet- 
 ened with syrup in the^ proportion of _f. gj of 
 the latter to Oj of the former, until the wash- 
 ings no longer have a saline taste, place it upon 
 a flannel cloth, and express as much water as 
 possible ; then mix it with the honey. Lastly, 
 heat the mixture in a water bath, until it con- 
 tains a pilular consistence. — Ph. U. S.) 
 
 PiLULJE Ferri CoMPOs'iii, CorApoumi pills 
 of Iron, PilulseFerri cum myrrhd,{'S.) Pilules 
 de Per composees. {Myrrh in puiv. gij, sodse 
 sutcarb., ferri sulph., a» ^j. Syrup, q. s. Mix, 
 to form 80 pills.— Ph.' U. S.) Tonic. Dose, 
 gr. X to XX. 
 
 Pilule Ferri ctim MrRRHA, P. Ferri com- 
 positae — p. Fcetidaej P. galbani compositae. 
 
 PiLULiE Gal'bani CoMpos'iTjE, P. asafc^tidss 
 eompos'itse, P. f<Eitida,P. gumtno'sse, P. e gum- 
 mi, Compound gal'banum pill, Pilulse antispas'- 
 tic3B, P. antihyster'tca, P. my rrhs6 -eompos'itse, 
 Gumpill. {Galban., myrrhce, aa giss, asafcetidse 
 giv, syrup, q. s. to form 480 pills. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Antispasmodic and emmenagogue. Do^e, gr. 
 X to XX. ' 
 
 PiLULS GnMMi, P. galbani compositse — p. 
 Gummi guttaeiiloeticse, P. cambogiaB compositas 
 — p. GummosEB, P. galbani compositse — p. de 
 Gutta gamandr&, P. cambogiae compositae. 
 
 PiLULiE EX HeLLEB'OEO ET MtRRHA, P. 
 
 ton'icx, Bacher^s Fills, Tonic Pills of Bacher, 
 Pills of Hellebore and Myrrh. {Ext. helleb. 
 nig., extrac. myrrh, aa g j ./bA cardui benedict., in 
 pulv. giij. Mix. Ph. P.) Tonic and emmena- 
 gogue. In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous 
 affections. Dose, gr. iv, to g^.viij. 
 
 Matthews' s Pills, — Stariey's Pills, are form- 
 ed of rad. hvlleb. nigr., rod. glycyrrA., sapon. 
 Castill., rad. curcumcB, opii purif., syrup, croci, 
 aa %iv. ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat raassa. — Gray. 
 
 PiL0i,2E HYDRAGOGifi, P. cambogiaB compo- 
 sitae — p. Hydragogae Bontli, Pilulse aloes et cam- 
 bogiae. 
 
 PiLVLJE Hydrae'stei, P mercuria'lfs, Mer- 
 curial pill, Blue pill,'(F.) Pilules de Mercure. 
 {Hydrarg. purif .%], confeet. rosa ,^iss, gly- 
 cyrrh. gss. Rub the quicksilver with the con- 
 fection, until the globules disappear ; then add 
 the liquorice powder, and beat the whole into a 
 uniform mass, to be divided into 480 pills. — Ph 
 U. S.) Antisyphilitic; mercurial; — in large 
 doses, purgative. 
 
 PiLULiE Hydr ae-'gyei Chlo'ridi Mitis, Pills 
 of mild chloride of mercury , Calomel Pilh,(Sy- 
 drarg. chlorid. mit. gss, acacice, in pulv. 5j ! 
 Syrup, q. »., ut fiant pil. 240 — Ph. U. S.) 
 iEach pill contains one grain. 
 
 Pilule de Hydra rgybo, Soammo'nio et 
 Aloe, vulgo Mercueia'les, (F.) Pilules Mer- 
 curielles ou de Merejire, Scamvmonee et Aloes. 
 {Hydrarg. purif. ^],mellis gxj. Rub unt^l the 
 globules disappear; then add aloes Soc6t.,.seam- 
 mon. aa gij, ir^aeis, cinnaM. aa ^ij. Make into 
 a mass. P/^. P.) Uses, same as the last, but 
 they are more purgative. Dose, gr. viij to xxx. 
 These pills are nearly the same as the Pastiiles 
 .de JRenttudot. , . ' 
 
 Pii/ULiE EX HydrargSro Mtieiatico miti 
 CUM SutPHURE Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulae 
 hy4rargyri eubmuriatis^ compositse. 
 
 PiLuta: Hydrargyei Stibmuriatis Compos- 
 ite, PilulfB ex ^tib'io et Mydrar'gyfB, P. anti- 
 herpet'icce, P.ex h^drargyro muriat'ico miti 
 cum, suVphy>re stibia'to auriantiaco,P. resol- 
 ven'tes cumm£rcuHo,P.depurantes, Compound 
 Pills of Submuriate of Mercury, P. Hydrair- 
 gyri ^ubmuriatis^ CaloTnel Pills-, Plum/mer^s 
 Pills, Red Pill. {Hydrarg. submur., antirnon, 
 sulphur, precipitat. sing, gijj guaiac. gum re- 
 sin.-contrit. J5iv., spirit red. gss. Beat together. 
 Ph. L.) Mercurial, and reputed to be diapho- 
 retic and alterative. Dose, gr. v to x. - 
 
 Leake's Pilula saluta'na resembles these. 
 It is used in syphilis. 
 
 PiLCLs; MERCtjRiALES, P. hydrargyri, P. de 
 hydrargyro, scammonio et aloe — p. Doctoris 
 ■Morton, P. balsanJicae — p. Myrrhae compositEB, 
 P. Galbani compositae. 
 
 PiLULiE OpiA'TjE, P. Theba'iccB, Opiate Fills, 
 Common Night Pills, Anodyne Pills, Nepen'- 
 thes opia'tum, (F.) Pilules Opiacees. {Opii, 
 p. 1 ; ext. glycyrrh. p. 7 ; fruct. Myrt. piment. 
 p. 2. Mix. Ph. E.) Five grains contain gr. 
 ss of opium. 
 
 PinTL* Opii, P. saponis cum opio — p. de 
 Extracto opii, P. de cynoglosso — p. ex Pxido 
 stibii et hydrargyri sulphureto nigro compositae, 
 Pilulae antiscrophulosae — p. Resolventes cum 
 mercurio, P. hydrargyri submuriatis compos. 
 — p. de Rhabarbaro, Pilulae rhei compositae. 
 
 The stomachic nostrumj sqM under the name 
 of Moseley's Pills, consists merely of rhubarb 
 and ginger. ' 
 
 PiLULiE Qui'Ni^ SnLPHA'Tis, PJK* of sul- 
 phate of Quinia {Quin. Sulph. ^j,\acacitB, in 
 pulv. gij, syrup, q. s., ut fiant pilulae 480. Ph. 
 U. S.) Each pill contains a grain of the sul- 
 phate of quinia. 
 
 Pilule Rhej, Pills of Rhubarb, {Rhej, in 
 pulv. l^vj, saponis. gij ; M. et fiant pil. 120. 
 Ph. U. S.) Each pill contains three grains of 
 rhubarb. 
 
 Pilule RheiCompos'itS, P. deRhabar'baro, 
 Compound Rhubarb Pills. {Pulv. Rhei gj, 
 aloes j5vj, m,yrrh in pulv. giv, ol. menthce pip. 
 t. ,^ss. Beat into a mass, with syrup of orange 
 peel, to form 240 pills. Ph. XJ. S.) Laxative 
 and stomachic. Dose gr. x. to xx. 
 
 Pilule Rufi, P. aloes et myrrhae — ^p. Salu- 
 tarise, Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuri- 
 atis compositae — p. Saponaceae, P. saponis cum 
 opio — ^p. Saponis compositae, P. saponis cum 
 opio. 
 
 Pilule Sapo'nis cum O'pio, P. sapona'eeas. 
 Pills of Soap and Opium, P. sapo'nis com- 
 pos'itcB, Pilula Opii, (F.) Pilules de Savon 
 et d'Opium. {Opii gss. Sapon, gij. M. — 
 Ph. U. S.) Five grains contain one of opium. 
 
 PiLtiLE E SoillA, p. Scillae compositae. 
 
 Pilule Scille Compos'ite, P. Scillit'ieic, 
 
661 
 
 PILULAR 
 
 P. Seillse cum Zinzih'en, P. e. Scilld, 
 Squill Pill. {SeillcB in pulv. 3ji zingib. in 
 pulv.; ammoniac, in pulv. aa gij; saporiisfj^^j, 
 syrup, q. s. ut fiant pil. 120— Ph. U. S.) JDose 
 two pills. Expectorant an4 diuretic. Dose, 
 gr. X to XX. , 
 
 FlLTJt^ SCILLS euM ZiNGIfeEEE, P. SClllffi 
 
 compositEE — p. ScilliticsB, P. scillt^ compositiB 
 r-p. ex Stibio et hydrtfrgyro, P'. bydrargyri 
 submur. compos. — p. Stomachicae, P. aloes et 
 kinse kinse. 
 
 PILUL2E Strtdh'sle, PiUs of Strychnia. 
 (Very pure stryclmine,^^.; conserve of roses, 
 
 tss. Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a 
 ose. 
 PiLULiE E Sty'baoe, Storax Pills. (Styrads 
 pur. giij, opii purif., mellis, croci, sing. 3J. 
 Ph.D.) Six grains contain pne of opium. 
 PiLULiE SuBLiNGTiALESj Hypoglottides. 
 PiLULiE DE Tereein'thina, T^urpentinc Pills. 
 Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight 
 of water, until, when thrown into cold -water, 
 •it forms a soft paste, which has the properties of 
 turpentine, and has been administered in gleet. 
 
 Pilule; Thebaicje, P. opiatee — p. Tonicae, 
 P. ex Hellehoro et myrrbci. 
 
 PIL'ULAR'jPiteZaVsi; hoxapilula, 'a pill.' 
 Relating to pills, — as ' apilular mass,' 'pilular 
 form,' &c. , - 
 
 PILXTLES, Pilulae — 'p,~Agregatives, see 
 Aggregate — p. d'Aloes ou aluetique's, Pilulqe 
 aloeticaB — p. d'Ammoniute de aiirvre, Pilulae 
 ammoniureti cupii — p. Birmtea de Puller, Pilu- 
 lae de aloe et fcetidis — p. de Fer cofnpqsees. Pi- 
 lulas ferri compositsB— ^. Ferrugineuses de Toi- 
 let, see Ferri protocarbonas — p. Gourmandes, 
 Pilulae alqes et kinee kinte-^^. de Mercure, Pi- 
 lules bydrargyri — p. de Mercure, &c,, Pilulae de 
 hydrargyro, et scammonio et aloe — p. Mercu- 
 rielles, Pilulte de hydrargyro, scammonio et 
 aloe — p. Opiacees, Pilulffi opiatae— p. de Savon 
 et d'Opium, PilulsB sapqnis cum opio» 
 
 PILULJER (F.), Pill Machine. An instru- 
 ment invented by the Germans for rolling and 
 dividing pills. Also, the earthen pot in which 
 pills are preserved. 
 
 PILUM, Pistil'lus, Pistillum, Hyp'eros, 
 Oer'ci.s, (F.) Pilon. A pestle. A woodeUj 
 iron, bell-metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or 
 glass instrument for beating or dividing sub- 
 stances in a mortar. ' 
 
 PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair. 
 
 PIMELi:, Pinguedo. 
 
 PIMELECCHYSIS, Pimelorrhtea. 
 
 PIMELICUS, Fatty. 
 
 PIMELI'TIS, from 7r,/i,Xr,,' fat,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the adi- 
 pous tissue. 
 
 PIMELOPES, Fatty. 
 
 •PIMELO'MA, from m^tJiij, 'fat.' A fatty 
 swelling. ", 
 
 PIMELORRHCE'A, Pimelee'ehysis, from 
 irifiiK^i, ' fat,' and Qm, ' I flow.' A morbid dis- 
 charge or disappearance of fat. 
 
 PIMELORTHOPNCE'A, Piorthopna'a; from 
 ntiulri, 'fat,' oj^of, 'upright,' and a-vstif, <to 
 breathe.' Dyspnoea, practicable only in the 
 erect attitude, owing to fat. 
 
 PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itas nvm'ia, from TtiftiXti, 
 ' fet.'_ Conversion into, or formation of, fat, — 
 as Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, ' fatty degeneration of 
 the liver.' 
 
 PINCKNEYA PUBENS 
 
 PiMELosis Hepatioa, Adiposis hepatica^^p'. 
 Nimia, see Polysaroia. 
 
 PIMENT, Capsicum annuum — p. Rdyal, 
 Myrica galfi. 
 PIMENT A, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 PIMENTiE BACC^, see Myrtus pimento. 
 PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 PIMIACULA, Labia pudendi. 
 PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriilora 
 — p. Red,. Anagallis — p. Scarlet, Anagallis 
 arvensis — p. Water, Veronica beceabunga, 
 
 PIMPILIM, Piper longum. 
 
 PIMPINEL, ITALIAN, Sanguisorba offici- 
 nalis. ^ 
 
 PIMPINEL 'LA ANI'SUM, The Anise plant, 
 Anisum, Anisum iiulga'rl, Sola'men intestino'- 
 rum, Ane'sum, (F.) Anis..' .Fa/fnily, Umbelli- 
 ferae. Ses.'Sysf.PehtandriaDigynia. A native 
 of Egypt. The seeds-, Ani'sum, (Ph. U. S.) 
 Sem'ina Ani'si, An'iseed, have an aromatic 
 odoiir ; and a. sweetish, warm, grateful taste. 
 They are carminative ; and used in dyspepsia 
 and the tormina of infants. Dose, gr. xv togj, 
 bruised. The oil, — Oleum Ani'si, (F.) Hutle 
 d'anis — is officinal. Dose,g"- v. toxv. Most 
 of the oil used in this country .under the, name 
 of Oil of Anise is said to be obtained from indi- 
 cium Anisatuvi. 
 
 PiMPiNEELA, GliEATEE, P. magna — p.Hircina, 
 P. Saxifraga. , ' ^ 
 
 Pimpinel'la Masna, p. Nigrd; Greater Pim- 
 pinel'laf TragoseWnum majus', Daucus, Cy- 
 an'opus, (F.) Bi^ucage majeur. The root has 
 been extollted as diuretic and resolvent as well 
 as in erysipelatous ulcerations, tinea capitis, 
 rheumatism, &c. 
 
 PiMPiNELLA Nigra, P. magna. 
 
 PiMPiNELLA Saxif'raga, Sax'ifrage, Burnet 
 sax'ifrag.e, Pote'rium samguisor'ba,, Sorbastrel'- 
 la, TragoseWnum, Pimpinel'la hirci'na, P^um- 
 bellif'era, {V .) Boucage mineur, Petit B., Pi/m- 
 prenelle. The root ha? an unpleasant smell, and 
 hot, ipungent bitterish taste. It has been re- 
 commended as a stomachjc ; and as a stimu- 
 lating gargle in paralysis of the tongue. 
 
 PiMPiNELLA Umbellifeea, P. sasifiaga. 
 
 PIMPLE, Papula. 
 
 PIMPRENELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga— 
 p. Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis. 
 
 PIN. Perhaps from Pennum, low Latin ; or 
 fiom Spina; Spina fer'rea,-Acus'capita!ta, (F.) 
 tpingle. An iron or brass instrument, gene- 
 rally of a small size; pointed at one extremity, 
 and having ahead at, the other. It is used, in 
 Surgery, to fix rollers and dressings ; and oc- 
 casionally in sutures. 
 
 PIN A PIGNON, see Pinus picea. 
 
 PINASTELLUM, Peucedanura. 
 
 PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PING A, Pinched. 
 
 FINCE LITHODRASSIQUE, see Litho- 
 drassic. 
 
 PINCEE, Pugillus. 
 •PINCERS, Forceps. 
 
 PINCETTES, Forceps. 
 
 PINCHED, Contrae'tus, (F.) Pinci, Grippe. 
 An epithet applied to the face, when the feature* 
 are contracted or shrunken ; as in violent abdo- 
 minal affections, or during intense pain. 
 
 PINCKNE'YA PUBENS, P. Pubes'eens, 
 
 Georgia Bark, Bitter btirk, Flor'ida bark. Fever 
 
 I tree. This bark has been used in Georgia in 
 
PINDARS 
 
 663 
 
 PINUS ABIES 
 
 the cure of intermittents, and successfully. , It 
 is a powerful bitter. Dose of the powder, 3j- 
 PINDARS, Arachis Hypogea. 
 PINE APPLE, Bromelia ananas — p. Apher- 
 nousli, Pinus cembra — p. Ground, stinking, 
 Camphorosfna Monspeliaca-^p. Mountain, see 
 Pinus raugbos-^p. Mugho, see. Pinus mughos — 
 p. Stone^ Pinus^pinea^ — p. Sugar, see Arrow 
 Root. 
 
 FINEA, Pinus pinea. 
 
 PINE'AL, Fined'Us, from piraMS, ' a pine.' 
 That which resembles a pine-apple. ' - 
 
 Pineal Gland, Glandula pinea'lis. Cerebral 
 epiph'ysis, Cona'riwm^ Oonoi'des corpus^ Penis 
 c&T'ehri, Corpus turbina'tum, Virga seu Turbo 
 cer'ebri, is a small body, of a conical shape ; 
 pale red or grayish colour ; and soft consistence ; 
 situate between the fornix and the tuberCula 
 quadrigemina. It almost always contains sa- 
 bulous particles, Sab'ulvm, eona'rii. When' 
 these are grouped together over the base of the 
 gland,, they form the Ace/vulus Cer'ebri of 
 Sommering, Lapil'K glan'dulse pinealis . From 
 this anterior part arise two - medullary strice, 
 which proceed over the posterior commissure ; 
 coast along the optic thalami, and unite at the 
 anterior pillar of the fornix, — ^the habe'nse or 
 reins of the pineal gland. 
 
 The uses of the pineal gland are unknown. 
 Descartes supposed it to be the. Seat of the soul! 
 PINEUS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas. 
 PINGUECULA, Pteryg'mm pinguB seu lar- 
 da'ceum, {Toeapingnis, ' fat,' ' fatty.' A small, 
 ■whitish-yellow tumour in the sclerotic conjunc- 
 tiva and subjacent cellular tissue, close to the 
 margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal 
 side; so called from its being supposed, but 
 erroneously, to be of a fatty nature., 
 
 PINGUE'DO, Finguetu'do, Pim'eli, Fiar, 
 Piei'ran, lApos, Stear, Adeps, Sevuviy Sebirni, 
 Corpus adipo'sum^ Axun'gia^ Fat, (F.) Graisse. 
 A soft, white, animal substance ; inodorous ; 
 insipid; oily; inflammable,.easy tomelt; spoil- 
 ing in the air, and becoming rancid by union 
 with oxygen ; almost insoluble in alcohol ; inso- 
 luble in water; soluble in the fixed oils. Fat 
 is formed chiefly of immediate principles, 
 stearin, margarin and olein, which are regarded 
 as salts, composed of stearic, margaric and oleic 
 acids, and a common base to which, from its 
 sweetish taste, the name Glyc"erin has' been 
 given: to these are, almost always, joined an 
 odorous-and a colouring principle. Fat is found 
 in a number of animal tissues, and is very abun- 
 dant in the neighbourhood of the Jiidneys and in 
 the epiploon. It is generally fluid in' the ceta- 
 cea ; soft and of a strong smell in the carnivora ; 
 solid, and inodorous in the ruminating animal ; 
 ■white, and abundant in young animals, and 
 yellowish in old. It usually forms about a 
 20th part of the weight pf the human body. 
 The fat, considered physiologically, has for its 
 function to protect the organs; maintain their 
 temperature ; and to serve for nutrition in case 
 of need; and is observed in torpid animals. • 
 PiNGUEDO Renalis, Nephrldiou. 
 PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, Sanic'ula 
 monta'na, S. Eboracen'sis, Vi'ola palus'tris, 
 Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, Butter-wort, Yorkshire 
 San'icle. Family, Verso'cmeTR. Sex.Syst.X>ia,-a- 
 dria Monogynia. The unctuosity of this plant 
 has caused it to be applied to chaps, and as a 
 pomatum to the hair. Decoctions of the leaves, 
 
 in broths, are used by the common people in 
 Wales as a cathartic, 
 
 PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin. 
 
 PINGUITUDO, Pinguedo. , ' 
 
 PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas. 
 ' PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica. 
 
 Pink Dye. Stripped saffiower, 3J, subcarb. of 
 potass, gr. Xviij, spirit of vdnezyij ; digest for 
 two hours; add distilled water %ij : digest for 
 two, hours more, and add distilled vinegar or 
 lewionjaieeq. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour. 
 Used as a cosmetic. 
 
 Pink, Ground, Silene Virginica-^p. Indian, 
 Spigelia Marilandica — p.Wild, SileneVirginica. 
 
 PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear — p. Marina, 
 
 PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURA- 
 LIS, Uvula. . 
 
 PINN^ HEPATIS,. Lobes of the liver— p. 
 Naris, see Nasus. 
 
 PINNULA, Aileron. 
 
 PINNULiE- HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver. 
 
 PINO'LI., (S.) A preparation used for sub- . 
 sistence on long journeys in the West. It is 
 parched corn, beaten or ground very fine, arid 
 sweetened with sugar, to be used with water, 
 and drunk on the m^rch. It is the cold flour 
 of the Indians,. and early Western pioneers. 
 
 PINONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata. 
 
 PINUS A'BIES, Abies rubra, A. exceVsa, 
 El'ate thelei'a, Fice'a, JS'orway ' Spruce -Fir, 
 Tew-leaved Fir. Nat. , Ord. .Coniferas,. Sex. 
 Syst. Moncecia Monadelphia. The tops are 
 used in making Spruce Beer. 
 
 Essence of Spruce, Essen'tia Abie'tis, is -a 
 fluid extract, prepared by decoction from the 
 twigs of this species df fir. From this is made 
 Spruce Beer. 
 
 This fir afl'ords the Burgundy pitch and com- 
 mon frankincense. 1 . Bur' gundy Fitch, White 
 pitch. Fix Bnrgun' dica. Fix alba,Fesi'na abie'- 
 tis hu'mida,, Fesi'^na alba huinida,~ Fini abie'tis 
 resina sponte concre.'ia, Fix ar'ida, Pix abieti'- 
 na,P. abietis (Ph. U. S.,) (F.) Poixllanche, 
 Poix grasse, P. jaune, P. de Bourgogne. This 
 prepared concrete juice is of a close ct>nsistence, 
 ratter soft, of a reddish brown colour, and not 
 unpleasant smell. It is very adhesive to the 
 skin ; and, consequently, forms excellent plas- 
 ters for remaining upon the part for some time ; 
 — as in cases of aflfections of the chest. 2. 
 Abie'tis Resi'na,^ (Ph. L.^since 1809.) Thus, 
 Common frankincense, ^errosiii, Thusfasmi- 
 ni'7ium, T. vnlga're, Olib'amim vulgare, 'Re- 
 si?ia abietis sicca. Resin, of the Spruc'e^ Fir. It 
 is solid, dry, brittle ; externally, brownish-yel- 
 low; internally, whitish. Used in plasters like 
 the last. 
 
 Pinus Balsame'a, A'hies balsamea. The tree 
 which affords the Canada Balsam., Balsamum 
 Canaden's^, Resina strobili'na, Terehinth'ina 
 Canaden'sis, Fini balsdmex resi'na liq'udda, 
 Resina ftu'ida Canadensis, Terebinth' ina bal- 
 samea, Canada Turpentine ' or Balsam. Bal- 
 sam of Fir, ( F . ) Baume de Canada, is one of the 
 purest turpentines. It has the common proper- 
 ties of those substances. 
 
 Pinus Casaden'sis,.4A/"«j Canaden' sis. Hem- 
 lock Spruce. A tree, which is abundant in Ca- 
 nada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern parts 
 of New England, and is found in the elevated 
 and mountainous regions of the Middle States. 
 The pitch — Pix Canadensis, Canada Pitch, 
 
PINUS 
 
 663 
 
 PIPER 
 
 HemloeH: Pitch — obtained from it is commonly 
 known under the name Hemlock Gum. 
 
 PiNus C^T<ihv.n,'Aph4rtfotis'H Pine. It yields 
 an agreeably scented turpentine : — the Ciirpa'- 
 thian SalsamrBal'5amiim,CarpeUh'icum B. lAV- 
 ani, Carpath'icum, Brianfon Twr'peiUinej The 
 natsj jCemiro nuts, have an eatable kernel, and 
 yield oil. The sfioots yield B.iga Balsam \>Y 
 distillation. 
 
 PiNus Damab'ra, i4g^»(Ais DoTOorro; gTOWs 
 in'the EajJ India Islands. The juice speedily 
 concretes into a very hard,resin, — the Damarra 
 turpentine. 
 
 PiNTJS Lakixj Larix. The LaTch,(F.) Melhze. 
 From this tree exude Or'emhurg gum, and Bri'- 
 an^on manna. It also yields, by boring, Com- 
 mon Venice Turpentine, Hesina Lar'icis-, Tere- 
 binthina Ven'eta, Pini Lar'icis-resi'naliq'uid^, 
 (F.) Terehenthine de Venise, M. de Melize. It 
 is usually thinner than the other sorts of turpen- 
 tine. . 
 
 -PiNUS MuGHOs. ' The Mountain or Mugho 
 Pine, Pintts Piimil'io. From the extremities 
 of the, branches exudes the Resina StroMli'na, 
 of the Germans, or flungarian Balsam. It is 
 also obtained, ,by expression, from the cones. 
 By distillation, the Hungarian balsam affords 
 the Krumholz Oil, Oleztm Templinum. • i 
 
 PiNus Palustkis, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PiNUS Eioe'a, A'hies pice'a, A. pectina'ta, 
 European Silver Fir Tree, El'atl, Abies, A. 
 Qal'Mca, (7 .) Sapin eommim. By piercing the 
 tubercles of the bark of this fir, the Strasburg 
 Turpentine is obtained: — ^the Kesi'na Aiie'tis, 
 (Ph. L. before 1809;) Oleum Abietis, Terebinth'- 
 ina Argentoraten' sis'. 
 
 PiNus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris. 
 
 Pinus Pi'nea, Stone Fine, Pinea, Pinus, P. 
 uher'Hma. The rmls, Zirbelnuts, Pine nuts, 
 (Fi) JPire a pignons, are eaten ravi^; or pre- 
 served like almonds. They are, also, used in 
 emulsions., 
 
 PiNHS PuMiLio, see Pinus Mugbos. 
 
 Pinus Sylves'teis, Pinaster, PeucS, Scotch 
 Fir. This pine, as well as F. marit'ima, ( P. 
 Pinaster) and other species of Pinus, affords 
 common turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and 
 pitch. 1.; Common Turpentine of Eitrope, 
 Terebinth'ina^ T. vulga'ris, T., comtnu^nis, Re- 
 sina pint, Bijon, Horse Turpentine, Bordeaux 
 Turpentine, (F.) Terebinthine de Bordeaux, 
 Tirebitiihine commune, is obtained by wounding 
 the tree in hot weather. It is used, chiefly, as 
 a dressing for wounds, &c., in horses, and for 
 the distillation of the oil, (see Oleum Terebin- 
 thinas.) The white Turpentine, ox com/fnon Tur- 
 pentine of America — Terebinth'ina, Ph. U. S. — 
 is produced chiefly from Pinus palustris and 
 P. tad_a, and perhaps from other species inha- 
 biting the Southern States. When the oil is 
 distilled with water, yellow resin, or Rosin, 
 Resi'nay Ph. TJ. S.) — Resina flava-^ia left, 
 which is only used in the formation of oint- 
 ments and plasters : if without the addition of 
 water, the residuum is common resin or Colo- 
 phony, a. When the cold begins to check the 
 exudation of the common turpentine part of it 
 concretes in the wounds. This is called, in 
 France, Gallipot, Barras; and White Rosin, 
 Resina alba, when hardened after long exposure 
 to the air. 3. When the old trees are subjected 
 to distillation, in a coarse manner. Tar is ob-, 
 tmisdr-Hygropissos, Pissa, Fix ce'dria, Re- 
 
 si'net pint cmpyreumaUiea H^uida, Terebinth'- 
 ina empyreumat'ica, Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, 
 Cedria, Fix liquida, (F.) Goudron, Brdi 
 liquide. Tar wafir, A^ua Picea, A. Fids, 
 Infn'sum Pieis liq'uidte seu Fids empyreuma- 
 tie(^liq'uidtB,Po'tio pice'a, (F.) Eau deGoudrort, 
 was^ at one time, a fashionable remedy in itUr 
 merous complaints, and of late its,use has been 
 revived, since its virtues bave been presumed 
 to be owing to creasote. " It is employed chiefly 
 in pulmonary affections, and the vapour has 
 been recommended in phthisis and other dis- 
 eases of the lungs. It is used externally as a 
 detergent. 4. Common Fitch, Fix nigra. Black 
 Fitch, Burnea, Burnia, Stone Fitch, Fix sicca, 
 P. atra, F. nava'lis, 'Topissa, Falimpis'sa, P. 
 ar'ida (Ph.'L. before 1809), (F.) Paix navale; 
 P. noire, is obtained by inspissating tar. It is 
 used, only as a resolvent in plasters. 
 
 Pmus TjEDA, se^ Pi sylvestris — p. Uberrima, ■ 
 Pinus pinea. 
 - PIONB, Ps'onia. 
 
 PIONY, /Paeonia. 
 
 PIORTHOPNOEA, Pimelorthopnoea. 
 
 PIOVLQUES, (F;) A kind of sucking-pump, 
 invented by Louis, for extracting water that 
 had entered internal cavities, in cases of drown- 
 ing. A useless instrument. 
 
 PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora. 
 
 PIPER, see Piper nigrum. 
 
 PlPEE Album, Leucopiper, White Pepper, is 
 black pepper freed from its cuticle. 
 
 PiPEE Angustifolium, Matico — p. Aroraa- 
 ticum, P. nigrum — p. Betel, Betel — p. Brazilia- 
 num. Capsicum 4,nijuum — p. Caleeuticum, Cap- 
 sicum annuum — p. Caryophyllatum, see Myrtus 
 pimenta— p. Caudatum, P-. cubeba — p. Chiapae, 
 see. Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 , Pipes. Cubeb'a, Cubeba, Com'peper, Com- 
 peba, Ctibal sini. Piper cauda'tum, Cubeb Pep- 
 per, Tailed Pepper, Cuiha'mus, (F.) Poivre-a- 
 queue, Quabebe. A native of Java and Guinea. 
 The odour of these berries is aromatic ; taste at 
 first cooling, afterwards pungent. The active 
 pBJjgpiple is an essential oil — Oleum Cubebm, oil 
 of cubebs — which is officinal in the Pharm. U. 
 S. The propertieSvOf the cubeb are stimulant 
 and purgative. It is used only in gonorrhoea. 
 Dose, from 9j to ,5j, in powder,.,three or four 
 times a day ; of the volatile oil, 10. or 18 drops. 
 
 'Turkey yellovv berriesy'-r-the dried fruit 
 of the Rhamnus Catharticus — are often substi- 
 tuted Jbr cubebs. 
 
 Pipeh. Guineense, Capsicum annuum— p. 
 Hispa,nitum, Capsicum — p. Indicum, Capsicum 
 annuum— p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 , Piper LoNGfjM, Macrop'iper, Acapat'li, Catu- 
 trip'ali, Fim'pilim, Long Pepper, (F.) Poivre 
 long. As we receive the berries, they consist 
 of the unripe fruit dried in the sun; and are 
 siifall, round grains, disposed spirally on a cy- 
 lindrical receptacle. They are stimulant, car- 
 minative and tonic, like the other peppers. 
 Dose, gr. V tog j. 
 
 Piper Lusitakicum, Capsicum annuum — p. 
 Murale, Sedum. 
 
 Piper Methistioum, see Ava. 
 
 Piper Nigrum, Melanop'iper, Molagoco'di, 
 Lada, Piper aromat'icvmt. Piper (Ph. U. S.) 
 Black Pepper, (F.) Poivre noir. Black pepper 
 is the unripe fruit dried in the sun. Virtues, 
 same as those of the other peppers. 
 
 Piper Odokatum Jamaicense, see Myrtus 
 
PIPERINA 
 
 664 
 
 PITTSBURG 
 
 pimenta — p. Tabascum,isee Myrtus jimenta — 
 p. Turcicum, Capsicum annuum. 
 
 PIPERI'N A, Pi'perv'num, Pip'erine, Fiperin. 
 A resinoid substance, obtained from the piper 
 nigrum by M. (Erstadt, in which a part of the 
 virtues of the pepper resides. It has beeit em- 
 ployed, like the quinia, in intermiltents, aild 
 Successfully. 
 
 PIPBROPAS'TUS J from neniQi, ' pepper,' 
 and Tiaaasn, 'to strew.' Strewed with pepperj 
 — socks, for example, where it is desirable to ex- 
 cite the Surface of the feet. 
 
 PIPIN'NA, Men'tula parva. A small penis. 
 
 PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Ga- 
 leni. , 
 
 PIPSISSEWAjPyrolajimbellata— p. Spotted, 
 Pyrola maculata— p. White; Pyrola maculata. 
 
 PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis. 
 
 PJQUBT£, see Sable. 
 ' PIQURE, Puncture, Wound, punctured. 
 
 PISA, (CLIMATE OF.) Pisahas long been 
 celebrated as one of the most favourable cli- 
 mates in Italy for the consumptive. The cli- 
 mate is genisl, but somewhat opprtssive and 
 damp. It is softer than that of Nice, but not 
 so warm ; less soft, but less oppressive than 
 that of Rome. 
 
 PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, , between 
 Lake Agnano and Solfatara. It • is thermal 
 (100° Fahr.) sulphureous and carbonated, and 
 is chiefly used in old ulcers, leucorrhcea, chro- 
 nic diarrhcea, and in cutaneous affections. 
 
 FISCID'IA ERVTHRI'NA, Jamaica Dog 
 wood. A small branching tree, common in most 
 of the West India Islands ; — Diadelphia Dece^n- 
 dria of Linnaeus. It is used in the West Indies 
 to poison iish. It appears to be an aero- 
 narcotic, and has been iised in the form of a 
 tincture of the bark of the root in toothache. 
 
 PISCINA, Baignoire. 
 
 PISCIVOROUS, Piseiv'orus, Ichthyopha- 
 gous, Icthyoph' agus, from piscis, ' a fish,' and 
 voro, ' I eat.' Feeding or subsisting on fish. 
 
 PIS'IFORM, Pisiformis, {lompisum, ' a pea,' 
 and /o»ma, 'shape.' 
 
 PisiFORM<E Os, Os lenticula'ri, Os orbicula're, 
 Os extra or'dine'm carpi, (F.) Os hors du rang, 
 is the fourth bone of the ifirst row of the carpus." 
 It is round, and gives attachment to the tendon 
 of the cubitalis anterior, and to the anterior 
 transverse ligament of the carpus. It is articu- 
 lated, behind, with the os cuneiforme. 
 
 PISO, Mortar.' 
 
 PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 PISSASPHAL'TUS, PissasphaVtwrn, Mine- 
 ral pitch, from tio-o-o, 'pitch,' and aiTiftlxat, 
 'bitumen.' (F.) Poix minirale. A, thicker 
 kind of Petroleum or Koch Oil; formerly em- 
 ployed as a vulnerary. It is synonymous with 
 Glu'tinous bhtii'men, Malta Utu'men, and Mi- 
 neral tar. , 
 
 PISSELjE'UM, Oleum Pici'num, from niaaa, 
 ' pitch,' and iXatov, ' oil.' An oily matter ob- 
 tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same 
 purposes as tar. 
 
 , PissEL^UM Indicum, Petroleum. 
 
 PISSEMENT DE SANG, Hsematuria. 
 
 PISSEI'ILIT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 PISSE'ROS, from naaa, 'pitch.' Ancient 
 name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of 
 roses, and dried pitch. It was, also, called 
 
 Cera' turn piea'tum, and. C. tetraphar'macum. — 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 , PISSl'TES, Vinum piea'tum. Same etymon. 
 A wine prepared from tar and the must of the 
 gr^e. It was re^rded to be stomachic. 
 
 PISSOSIS, Malaria, 
 
 PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula. 
 
 PISTACHIO NUTS, see Arachis hypogea, 
 Pistacia vera. 
 
 PISTA'CIALENTIS'CUS, TereUn'thuslen- 
 tiscus,,Lentiscus vulga'ris; .the Maijfick Tree. 
 Family, Terebinthaceae. The wood of this tree 
 abounds with the resinous principles of mastich; 
 and a tincture made from it has been used in 
 the cure'of dyspeptic affections, gout, and dy- 
 sentery. It, yields, by incision, the resin Mas- 
 tich, Resi'na Lentisd'na, Men'frigl,,Masti'chl, 
 Mastix, Pistaeise Le^itis'd Resi'na. This resin 
 has an agreeable smell when heated: is almost 
 insipid; in globular, irregular, yellowish, semi- 
 transparent masses: soluble in ether; partially 
 so in silcohol. It is stimiXlant,. and has been 
 used in old coughs, and gleet, andis chewed to 
 sweeten the breath. It is sometimes, also, 
 employed to stop ^oles in carious teeth. \ 
 
 Pistacia Terebin'thhs, Turpentine Tree, 
 Hab-el-KaliTnhat, -Terebinthus vulgafris, Ter^ 
 minthos. The tree which affords ^e Cyprus 
 Turpentine, Resi'na Terebin'thd, Terebinth'ina 
 vera, T. Ohia, T. Cyp'rid, (F.) Terebinthine de 
 Ohio. This substance is classed amongst the 
 resins. It is procured by wounding the bark of 
 the trunk. The best Chio turpentine is of abo,ut 
 the consistence of honey; very tenacious, clear, 
 and almost transparent; of a white colour incli- 
 ning to yellow, and of a fragrant smell ; mo- 
 derately warm to the taste, but free from acri- 
 mony and bitterness. It resembles in virtues 
 the other turpentines. 
 
 Pistacia Vera. Name of the tree which af- 
 fords the JVux Pistacia. Pista'chio nuts have 
 a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that of 
 sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil, 
 and may be formed into an emulsion. ! 
 
 PISTILLUM, Pilum. 
 
 PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia. 
 
 PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS, Bpstouri. 
 
 PIT OF THE STOMACH, i?oiise«e de cam. 
 
 PITAY'A BARK. This bark is preferred ift 
 Columbia to any other. It contains a new ve- 
 getable alkali, to which the name Pitayine has 
 been given. 
 
 PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark. 
 
 PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. These saline springs E^t Pitcaithley, about 
 four miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlo- 
 rides of sodium and calcium. 
 
 PITCH, Colophonia — ^p. Black, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies — p. 
 Canada, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Common, 
 Pinus sylvestris — p. Hemlock, see Pinus Cana- 
 densis — p. Jew's,' Asphaltum — p. Mineral, Piss- 
 asphaltum — p. Stone, see Pinus sylvestris — p. 
 White, see Pinus abies. 
 
 PITHYRIASIS, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITHYRINUS, Acerosus, Furfuraceous. 
 
 PITT A'CIUM. A pitch plaster, from b-.tto, 
 ' pitch.' 
 
 PITTOSIS, Malacia. 
 
 PITTO'TA. Medicines in which pitch is the 
 chief ingredient. 
 
 PITTSBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four 
 
PITUITA 
 
 665 
 
 PLAGUE 
 
 miles S. W. of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania. It 
 contains chloride of sodium, chloride of magne- 
 sium, oxide of iion, sulphate of lime, and car- 
 bonic acid. 
 
 PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm— p. Narium, Na- 
 sal mucus. ' , 
 
 flTl!'YTA'RY,Pituita'rius,Pitnito'nis,{Tom 
 pituitcfi ' phlegm.' A name given to several 
 parts. 
 
 PiTujTAEY BoBY, P. gland. 
 
 PiTTJiTAEY Yossi, Fossa Pituita'ria. A de- 
 pression on the cerebral surface of the' Sphenoid 
 bone, which lodges the pituitary gland. If is 
 called, on account of its shape, Sella Turcica, 
 Bphip'pium. Chaussier calls it Fossa supra- 
 sphenoida'lis, from its situation. ' 
 
 PiTu'iTARY. Gland, Glan'dula Piivito 'sa vel 
 jdtuita'ri'a, Glandtila basila'ris j^ Lacu'k(i' Yel 
 Appendiciula cer'ebri, JSypoph^ysis seu Appen- 
 dix cer'eiri, Pituitary body. Corpus pituita'rl; 
 — Appendice sus-^phenoidale d^ cerveau, (Ch.) 
 A small, round body; the. anterior portion of 
 which is of a ciheritious yellow hue, and the 
 posterior, which is smaller. Is • whitish and 
 pulpy. Its functions are unknown. 
 
 P1TUIXAK.Y Membrane, Schrieide'rian Mem- 
 brane, Merribra'Tia pitidta'Ha, M, olfacto'riat 
 The mucous membrane which lines the nasal 
 fossae, and extends to the different cavities com- 
 municating with the nose. In the nasal fossae, 
 the membrane appears formed of two layers, 
 intimately united ; — the cme in contact with the 
 bone is fibrous ; — the other is free at one sur- 
 face. The latter is a mucous membrane, on 
 which papillse arf, not easily distinguishable, 
 but whieh contains them,- as well as a number 
 of.very small raucous follicles, that open info 
 the cavity of the nares. On penetrating the 
 maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal, 
 sinuses, the membrane becorlies very thin, 
 transparent, less vascular, and seems reduced 
 to its mucous layer. The pituitary membrane 
 receives "tho impression of smells, by means of 
 the expansion of the olfactory nerves upon it. 
 It is the seat of smell. 
 
 PITUITOSUS, Pituitary. ■ 
 
 PITYRI'ASIS, from jrwufov, 'bran;' Upi- 
 do'sisi Pityriasis, Pityris'via, Pitkyri'asis, Her- 
 pr.s farfura'ceus, H. farirm'sus, Porri'go (of 
 some,) Tin!ea furfura'cea, T. porrigino'sa, 
 Farfura'tio, Farfwis'ca, Dandriff, Dandruff, 
 (F.) Tei^e, Dartne, Dartre furftcracee vo- 
 lante; — a very superficial affection; character- 
 ized by irregular patches of thin scales, which 
 repeatedly exfoliate a;id recur ; but which never 
 form crusts, or are accompanied with excoria-. 
 tions. It is not contagious. It occurs under 
 three or four varieties of form.. 
 
 Pityriasis, Porrigo-pp. Nigra, Melasma— 
 p. Versicolor, Chloasma. 
 
 PITYRISMA, Pityriasis. 
 
 PITYROIDES, Furfuraceous. 
 
 PITYRON, Furfur. 
 
 PWblNE, Paeonia. 
 
 PIX, Sperm— p. Abietina, see Pinus abies— 
 p. Abietis, see Pinus abies— p. Alba, see Pinus 
 abies—p. Anda, see Pinus abies, and Pinus syl- 
 vestris — p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris — p. Bru- 
 tia, Brutia— p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies—p. 
 Canadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria 
 see Pinus sylvestris— p. Graeca, Colophonia-^ 
 p. Liquida, see Pinus gylvestris— p. Navalis. 
 43 , *■ , 
 
 see Pinus sylvestris— p. Nigra, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — p. Sicca, see Piniis sylvestris. , ' 
 
 PLACE'BO, 'I will please.' An epithet 
 given to any medicine intended rather to sa- 
 tisfy the patient than to cute a disease. 
 
 PLACEN'TA. A Latin word, signifying a 
 Cake. P. uteri seu uteri'na seu uteri car'nea, 
 Hepar seu Jecur uteri'num, Caro seu Affu'aiq 
 orbicularis, Maza. A soft, spongy, vascular 
 body, formed at the surface of the chorioii, ad- 
 herent to the' uterus, and connected with the 
 foetus by the umbilical cord. It is not in ex- 
 istence durirfg the first period of the embryo 
 state, but its formation commences perhaps 
 with the arrival of the embryo in the uterus. 
 Its mode of attachment to the uterus is a topic 
 of dispute : but it seems clear that the main 
 circulation through it is of the blood of the fte- 
 tus. The -placenta is formed of several lobes or 
 cotyledons,, which can be readily distinguished 
 from each other on the uterine surface; but 
 towards the foetal surface are confounded into 
 one mass. It is composed of the umbilical ves- 
 sels, cellular tissue, and whitish, resisting fila- 
 ments, which are vascular ramifications oblite- 
 rated. Lymphatic vessels havealso been pre- 
 sumed to exist in it; and nerves have been 
 traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic 
 of the fcetuS. The function of the placenta ap- 
 pears to .be like that of the lungs in the adult. 
 It admits of thfe blood qf the fcetus heing.shown 
 to that of the inother, and undergoing requisite 
 
 Plaoen'ta Ceuoris, see Blood — p. Febrjlis, 
 Ague, cake — p. Oblata, P. praevia — p. Obvia, 
 P. pi^sBvia. 
 
 Plaoen'ta, PEiE'viA, (from pra and via,) P. 
 ob'via,P. obla'ta. Presentation of the placenta; 
 a condition which gives rise to unavoidable he- 
 morrhage from the uterus. The safety ,of the 
 female depends upon speedy delivery. 
 - ■ Placenta ' Sanguinis, see Blood — p. Uteri 
 Succenturiata,. DCcidua. 
 
 PLAGENTJ'TIS, Placunti'tis, PlaeoVtis, 
 Inflamma'iAo placen'tic. A hybrid word — from 
 plaMnta, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
 tion. " Inflammation of the placenta. 
 
 PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake.' A rudi- 
 mental placent-a. The placenta of an abortion. 
 
 PLACOITIS, Placentitis. -, , 
 
 PLACUNTITIS, Placentitis. 
 
 PLApAROMA, Pladarosis'. 
 , PLADARO'SIS, Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otes, 
 from nKuiaqo!, 'soft.' A soft tumour on the 
 eyelid, unaccompanied with redness or pain. 
 Trachoma. " 
 
 PLADAROTES, Pladarosis. 
 PLAFOND DBS VBNTRICULES DV 
 CBRVBAU, Cartas callosum. 
 
 PLAGA, Ictus, Wound. 
 
 PLAGIOBQL'IA, Planobol'ia, from rrXayiot, - 
 'to one side,' and fa)Miv', 'to throw.' Imper- 
 fect emission of sperm into the vagina. Emis- 
 sion to one side; sometimes practised to lender 
 impregnation less probable. 
 
 PLAGUE, from n>.i]yr], plaga, 'a stroke.' 
 Pestis, P. orientals, P. bubona'ria orientalis 
 seu inguina'ria, P. contagio'sa, P. acutiss'ima, 
 P. sep'tica, P. Glandulo'sa, P. Ade'no-sep- 
 tica, P. inguinaria, Pestil'itas, tpheniera 
 pestvlentia'lis, B. mortifera, Liies inguina'- 
 ria, Clades glandula'ria, Phthora, Peitilm'- 
 
PLAGULA 
 
 666 
 
 PLANTAR 
 
 tia, I/u,ess Loimosj Febris ade^no-nervofsa, L(E~ 
 moSj LcsmSj Lm'mia, hcE'mop'yraf Chaosda, An- 
 thra'cia Pestis, ' Anthracotyphus^ Febris pes'- 
 tilens, Syn'oehus pestilentia'lisj Typhus pes- 
 tis, T. pestilentia/lis, T. grav^s^sitmis^ T. an- 
 tkra'cicuSf T. huhon'icus,, Exanthe'mci pestis, 
 the Pest, Levant plague, Septic ox glaii'dular 
 pes'tilence, (F.) Peste, Typhus d'Orient, Fievre 
 du Levant. An eminently malignant disease; 
 endemic in -the Levant; frequently epidemic, 
 and destroying at least two-thirds of those- it 
 attacks. ^It- is a fever of the most aggravated 
 kind, with, affection of the lymjihatic glands of 
 the groin or axillae, and carbuncles. Its mias- 
 mata — it has been conceived — adhere to differ- 
 ent organic textures, to woollen goods, clothing 
 and furniture ; and may thus be transported to 
 a considerable distance ; but this is liot certain. 
 The mean duration of the disease is six or seven 
 days; some die in twenty-four hours, others 
 not till ten or twelve days. Pathological ana- 
 tomy has afforded little light with respect to it. 
 Various means have been used for arresting it^ 
 but none Jiave seemed to be pre-eminently dis- 
 tinguished. The great point is,' to watch the 
 indications as they develop themselves ; and to 
 treat the case, in general, like one of typhus 
 gravior. It is universally agreed that the sup- 
 puration of the buboes should be aided as far as 
 practicable. For preventing the importation 
 and spread of the plague, tiie Quar'antine Laws 
 have been instituted; and when the disease 
 has actually appeared, a cordon sanataire has 
 been drawn round the infected district, so as to 
 prevent all communication. 
 
 Plasde, Cold. A severe form of(Congestive 
 fever, seen in the Southern States. . Bilious 
 pneumoniaj in vvhich there is no reaction, has 
 been, also, so called. 
 
 Plague Mark, Plague token — p. Spot, 
 Plague token. 
 
 Plague Token, Plague tnarhy Plague spot. 
 A mark by which one struck with the plague 
 was ki)own» Perhaps the early stage of car- 
 buncle in unfavourable cases. It is described 
 as a small tubercle — Bossa — somewhijt resem- 
 bling a wart, callous and more or less deficient 
 in sensibility, varying in size from that of a 
 millet seed to that of a bean. ' 
 
 PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint. 
 
 PLATE, Wound — p. d'Arme a feu. Wound, 
 gunshot — p. d' Arquebus ade. Wound, gunshot — 
 p. Contuse, Wound, contused^— ^. Envenim.ee, 
 Wound, poisoned — p. par Arrachement, Wound, 
 lacerated — p. a-Lambeaux, see Lambeau. 
 
 PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma he- 
 paticum. 
 
 .PLANCHER {¥.), '.floor.' In anatomy, 
 the inferior wall or boundary of a cavity. 
 
 PLANCHER DU CERVEATT, Tentorium. 
 
 PLANCUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLANE, Plexus. 
 
 PLANE'TES,' Plane'ticJis, Plan'icus, Erra- 
 bun'dus, Errat'ic. An epithet given to dis- 
 easeSj'whose returns are irregular — especially 
 to intermittent fever ; Planr.tes Febris, F. Er- 
 rat'ica, F. Erro'nea, F, Vasa. 
 
 PLANETICA ARTHRITIS, Gout, wan- 
 dering. 
 
 PLANICUS, Planetes. 
 
 PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes. 
 
 PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia. 
 
 PLANT A NOCTIS,.Hydroa, Sudamina— p. 
 Pedis, Sole — p'. Prima pedis. Tarsus. 
 
 PLANTA'GO, P. Major, CentineFvia, Arno- 
 glos' stivH', Septiner'via, Polyneu'rony Hepta- 
 pleu'ron, Planta'go- latifo'lia, P. -major, (F.) 
 - Plantain commun. Family, Plantagineae, Sex. 
 Syst. Tetrandria JVtonogynia. The leaves have 
 been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, substyp- 
 tic,and diuretic. ' 
 
 Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo' dium, Cor- 
 nu cfirvi'nwm, Stella terra', Plantago, Bucks- 
 horn Plantain. Properties iike the last. .^ 
 
 Plantago Psyl'lium, Psyl'liwm, Pulida'ris 
 herba, Crystal'lion, Cynomoi'd, Branching 
 Plantain, Fteawort, (F.) Herhe aux puces com- 
 mune. The seeds have a nauseous, mucilagi- 
 nous taste, and no^ remarkable smell. The de- 
 coction of tiie seeds is recommended in hoarse- 
 ness and roushness of the fauces. 
 
 PLANT AlSr, BRANCHING, Plantago psyl- 
 lium — p. Buckshorn, Plantago coronopus — p. 
 Communj Plantago — p. d'Eau, Alisma plantago 
 — p. Tree, Musa paradisiac* — p. Water, Alisma 
 plantago, Unisema deltifolia. ' 
 
 PLANTAIRE, Plantar muscle— p. GrUe, 
 Plantar muscle. 
 
 PLANTAR, Planta'ris, from planta, 'the 
 sole of the foot,' That which relates or belongs 
 to the. sole of the' foot. This name has been 
 given to several parts. 
 
 Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P.fas'cia. A thick, 
 dense, resisting aponeurosis^; of a triangular 
 shape, and superficially situate, which occupies 
 the middle and sides of the sole of the foot.anc} 
 furnishes insertions to several of the muscles 
 of the region, either directly or through the me- 
 dium of septa, which it sends .between ^hem. 
 Plantar Arch, see Plantar arteries. 
 Plantar Arteries. Theseare two in num- 
 ber, and .arise from the extremity of the poste- 
 rior tibial artery. They are distinguished into : 
 — The internal plantar artery, situate above' the 
 abductor poUicis pfeiis. It extends from the 
 termination of the posterior tibial to the trunk 
 of one of the 'collaterals of that toe. The exter- 
 nal plantar, artery is larger than the preceding, 
 and ought to be considered as the termination 
 of the ppsterior or tibial. Situate above the 
 flexor communis digitoriim pedis, it extends 
 from beneath the c^lcaneum to the posterior 
 extremity of the last metatarsal space. Wheii 
 it has reached this part, it turns from "ivithout 
 inwards ; advances' towards the posterior extre- 
 mity of the first metatarsal bone, and anasto- 
 moses with the perforating branch of the dorr 
 salis tarsi. In the first part of its course, it 
 furnishes calcaneal, . articular, muscular, and 
 adipous branches. The second portion of . the 
 artery is called the Plantar Arch or Cross. It 
 gives branches-in all directions.' The inferior 
 and posterior have received nonaihe. The su- 
 perior — three in number — are the posterior per- 
 forating arteries. The anterior branches are 
 larger, and there are commonly four. They 
 furnish the anterior perforating, and the col- 
 laterals of the last four toes. 
 
 Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries — p. 
 Fascia, P. aponeurosis. 
 
 Plantar Ligaments. A name given to the 
 inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the 
 tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from 
 the superior, called dorsal. 
 
 Plantar Muscle, Planta'ris, P. grac"ilis, 
 
PLANTARIA 
 
 667 
 
 PLATULA 
 
 Tihia'lis grac"iUs, Exten'sor tarsi minor, (F.) 
 Pla.ntair6,P. QrUe, Jambier grile. Petit fimo- 
 ro-calcq.nien,..(Ch..) A muscle, situate at the 
 posterior part of the leg. It is loflg, thin, and. 
 narrow. Above, it is attached to the posterior 
 ■part of the external condyle of the osfemori?: 
 helo^y, it terniinates by along tendon, which is 
 attached to the posterior arid inner part of the 
 calcaneum. This muscle extends the leg on the 
 foot, and conversely. It can, alsOj assist in the 
 flexion of the leg on the thigh. 
 
 Plantab. Nerves. These are two- in num- 
 ber, and are furnished by the termination of the 
 posterior tibial nerve. They are distinguished 
 into — ,1 . The internal plantar nerve, which ex- 
 tends from the inferior part 6f the tibial nerve 
 to both sides of the first three toes, and the in- 
 ner Side of the fourth. It furnishes, also, 
 branches to the abductor of the great toe ; to 
 the short flexor 'of the toes; to the' accessory; 
 to the short flexor of the great toe, the lum- 
 bricales, &c. 9. The external plantar nerve 
 proceeds from the termination of the posterior 
 tibial to the posterior extremity of the^Sth me- 
 tatarsal bone, and gives branches to the flexor 
 brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory and the 
 abductor of the little toe. This trunk subse- 
 quently divides into two branches ; — the' otfe — 
 profunda — is distributed to the short flexor of 
 the great toe: the interosseus and abductor 
 poUicis pedis: the oAi.&'C^—su'perficialisi — sends 
 filaments to the short ' flexor of the little toe, 
 the two sides of that toe, the duter side of the 
 4 th, and the last lumbricalis. 
 
 Plantae Regions or StrRFACEs are different 
 regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. 
 Three are generally reckoned, — ^the internal, 
 middle, and external. _ ' 
 
 PiANTJi R Veins follow a similar arrangement. 
 
 PLANTARIA, Dengue. 
 
 PLANTARIS, Plantar muscle— p. Superfi- 
 cies psdis. Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus 
 digitorum pedis profundus perforans (accesso- 
 Hua.) - ., 
 
 PLANTS DU PIED, Sole. 
 
 PLANTI-SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lum- 
 bricales pedis — p. Tendino-phalamgiens, Lum- 
 bricales pedis. 
 
 PLANUM APONEUROTICUM DIA- 
 PHRAGMATIS. The tendinous expansion of 
 the diaphragm. 
 
 Planum Os, from planus, 'soft, smooth.' 
 The papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid 
 bone was formerly so called. 
 
 Planum PEDisi Sole. i 
 
 Planum Supe'rius Li;Heu;E. The upper sur- 
 face of the tongue. 
 
 PLANU'RIA, from tAbvoc, 'wandering, 
 false,' and ouyov, 'urine.' Discharge of urine 
 through unwonted ways. 
 
 PLAQUEMINIER D'EUROPE, Diospy- 
 ros lotus. 
 
 PLAQUES GAUFR&ES, Peyeri glandulje 
 — p. Laiteuses, see Tackes laiteuses, 
 
 PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis. 
 
 PLASTER,"Emplastrum — p. Adhesive, Em- 
 plastrum resinae, Sparadrapum adhesivum— p. 
 Adhesive, of pitch and resins, Emplastrum de 
 pice et resinis glutinans — ^p. Ammoniacum, Em- 
 plastrum ammoniaci — p. Ammoniacum with 
 mercury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrar- 
 gyro — p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticam — 
 p. Asafostida, Emplastrum asafcetidae — p. of Bel- 
 
 ladonna, Emplastrum belladonniE-T-p. Blister- 
 ing, Emplastrum lyttae— p. of Blisteririg fly, 
 Emplastrum lyttae — p. Calefacient, Emplastrum 
 calefaciens — p. of Ca^itharides,, compound,, Em- 
 plastrum lyttae compositum — p. Cephalic, Em- 
 plastrum picis comp. — p. Corn, Sparadrapum 
 yiride — p. Corn, iCenijedy's, Sparadrapum vi- 
 ride — p. Court, English, see IchthyocoUa,. Spa- 
 radrapum adhesivum — P- Cummin, Emplastrum 
 cumini— ^p. Defensive, Sparadrapum Galteri — 
 
 p.,Diachylon,EmplastrumplumI'i-rP-I'ly.I^'n- 
 ^lastrum lyttae — J). Frankincense, Emplastrum 
 thuris — p. Galbanum, Emplastrum galbani — p. 
 Galbanum, compound, Emplastrum galbani com- 
 positum — p. Gum*, Emplastrum gummosum— p. 
 of Gum-resins, Emplastrum cum giimmi-resinis 
 — p. Hemlock, Emplastrum ;cicutaE — p. Irpn, 
 Emplastrum ferri — p. Isinglass, see Sparadra- 
 pum adhaesivum — p. Issue, Sparadrapum pro 
 fonticulis — p. Lea'dj Emplastrum plumbi — p. 
 Machine, Sparadrapier — p. Mercurial, Emplas- 
 trum hydrargyri — p. of Mercury, Compound^ 
 Emplastrum hydrargyri compqsituni — ^p. Nu- 
 remberg, Emplastrum Norimbergehse — p. Opi- 
 um, Emplastrum opii — p. Pitch, comp., Em- 
 plastrum picis compositum — p. Resin, Emplas- 
 trum resinae — p. of Red oxide of iron, Emplas- 
 trum oxidi ferri rubri — p. Soap, Emplastrum 
 saponis — 'p. of Spanish flies, compound, Em- 
 plastrum lyttae compositum — p. Sticking, Em- 
 plastrum resinse — p. Strengthening, Emplastrum 
 ferri, Emplastrum' oxidi ferri rubri — p. Warm, 
 Emplastrum calefaciens-r-p. Wax, Emplastrum 
 cerse. 
 
 PLASTIC, Plas'ticus, Formati'vns, Form'a- 
 tive, from ■ rrltticm', 'I form.' That which 
 forms ; whichserves to form. 
 
 Plastic Element. One which bears within 
 it the germs of a higher form. — Gerber. 
 
 Plastic Force. The generative power in 
 organized bodies. It is also called Nisifs for- 
 mati'vns. Vis seu Virtus plas'tica seMformati'va, 
 Vis reproductiv'a, Plasticism'us, Virtits forma- 
 trix, PlastW'itas, Plastic"ity, Force of Nutri- 
 tion, F. of assimilation, BildHngstrieb of the 
 Germans. 
 
 Plastic Lymph, Liquor Sanguinis — p. Sur- 
 gery, Morioplastice. 
 PLASTICISMUS, Plastic Force. 
 PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force. 
 PLASTICITY, Plastic Force. 
 PLATA, Scapula. 
 PLATANO, Musa-Sapientum. 
 PLATANUS,- Musa paradisiaca. 
 PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism. 
 PLATIAS'MaS, from nlam, 'broad.' 
 Excessive dfeyelopment of the-lips, cansing the 
 articulation to beimperfect. 
 PLATINA, Platinum.. 
 PLAT'INUM, Flat'ina. from (S.) pla.ta, 
 ' silver.' The prejiarations of platinum resemble 
 in their therapeutical properties those of gold. 
 The Bichloride, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made 
 by dissolving platinum in aqua regia, and the 
 Double Chloride of Platinum and Sodium 
 So'dii ehloroplat'inas, Qhloroplat'inate of So'- 
 dium, prepared by dissolving bichloride of pla- 
 tinum and pure chloride of sodium in proper 
 proportions in water, evaporating and crystal- 
 lizing, — are the preparations used. They are 
 not much prescribed. 
 PLATULA, see Pediculus. 
 
PLATYBREGMATE 
 
 668 
 
 PLEtJRAL 
 
 PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 
 PLATYCORIA,JVtydriasisi 
 
 PLATYCORIASIS, Platycoria. 
 
 PLATYNO'SIS,from a-iiaTi^t, ''broad.' Am- 
 plifica'tio. .Morbid extension of parts. 
 
 PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimohiiim. 
 
 PLATYPODIA, see Kyllosis. 
 
 PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 PLATYS'MA, from ^Katug, ' broad.' Any 
 thing broadly extended. A spread plaster. 
 
 Platys'ma Mtoi'des, P'. JWyn'des; Mvs'culus, 
 cuia'neus, M, suhcuta'neus .iy^'msXo'^)^ Quaii-, 
 ra'tus _gencB vel laHs'simus colli, < Expan'szo 
 museulo'sa, Xetrago'nus^ Stomoma7i'icoJii, (V,) 
 Thoraco-maxillo facial, 7/ioraco-facial (Gh.), 
 Piaucier. A muscle situated superficially on 
 the lateral parts of the neck. It is flat, broad, 
 and quadrilateral. Its fibres, which are all 
 parallel to each other, pass obliquely down- 
 wards, and frofti without inwards. They' arise 
 from the cellular tissue, which covers the 
 anterior and superior part of the chest; pass 
 before the clavicle, and proceed to attach" them- 
 selves ?it the interioi part of the syjnphysis 
 menti, at the external oblique line of the jaw, 
 Snd at the commissure of the lips. , The fibres 
 of this last insertjon-filrm a distinct fasciculus, 
 called by some anatomists Mus'culusRiso'rius 
 Santori'ni. The platysma myoides depresses 
 the commissure of the lips, and carries it out- 
 wards. It contributes, also, to the depression 
 of the lower jaw. When it' contracts, it 
 wrinkles (the skin of the neck transversely. 
 
 PLATYSTER'NOS, from nlccrvt, 'broad,' 
 and otsjvov, 'the sternum.' One who has a 
 bi^oad well developed che^t D. Pechlira. 
 
 PLATYS'TOMUS ; from nlaxtjg, 'broad,' 
 and (TTO|na, 'mouth.'' One who has a broad 
 mouth. 
 
 PLAUTUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLECHAS, Perinaeum. 
 
 PLECTANjE, Corhua uteri. 
 
 PLEC'TANE, Plica, Plegma, Plexus. A 
 fold; a plexvis. Also, a cornu of the uterus. 
 
 PLECTRUM. The styloid process of the^ 
 temporal bone. Also, the uvula, and the tongue. 
 — Castelli. - 
 
 PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe, Phtmace'olus, 
 XAntea'men.) Plag'ula, (P.) Phlmacep,u, Pin- 
 Tiiasseau, A srtiall- compress- or ^a^eaw of lint 
 — (the filaments arranged- parallel to each other) 
 — flattened between the hands after the extremi- 
 ties have been cut off or folded down. It is 
 applied over wounds,, ulcers, &c., to preserve 
 them from the contact of the air, to retain 
 dressings in situ, or to absorb the discharges. 
 
 PLEGE, Blow, Ictus. ' 
 
 PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus. 
 
 PLEGOMETER, Flexin»ter. 
 
 PLEIN, (F.) ' Full.' The middle part of a 
 roller. 
 
 PLENA MULIER, Pregnant. 
 
 PLENCE'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory, 
 CoUey's. 
 
 PLENITUDE, Fulness. 
 
 PLENITUDO, Plethora. 
 
 PLEONEC'TICA ATHYMIA seu ME- 
 LANCHO'LIA. A form of insanity charac- 
 terized by a desire for gain or by covetousness 
 
 PLEONEC'TICUS, from wX,ov, 'more,' and 
 tjfem, 'tohave.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire. 
 
 PLERO'SIS,from ttm,? i/f, ' full ;' also Reph' 
 
 tio, Refec'tio,^ Reple'tion. Restoration of flesh 
 after sickness. Plethora. 
 
 PLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 PLES'MONE, Pienitu'do,Sati'etas, Sati'ety. 
 Intemperance. A condition the opposite to 
 that of hunger. 
 
 PLESSER, Plexor. 
 
 PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter. 
 
 PLETHOMER'IA, from jrMjSos, 'many,' 
 and /Mcgof, 'apart.^ Superabundance of parts, 
 as in the case of six fingers to one hand. 
 
 PLETHO'RA, from n>,ri9a, ' I fill.' Polya'- 
 mia, Polykyperhceynia, Polychym'ia sanguin'ea, 
 -Angeioplero'sis, Angioplaro' sis ^ Er-ythrtB'miay 
 Erythra'sisy HtBinaAopletho' ra^ Htsmopletko'ra) 
 Plenitu'do,-J\I-altitu'4ojRedundan'tia,Reple'tio, 
 En'chyma, Comple'tio, Fulness, (F,_) Abon- 
 dance, Redonddnce. '' The word pleth6ra, which 
 means repletion, Plero'sis, expresses a supera- 
 bundance of blood in the system, or in some 
 part of it : — hence the division of pletho»a into 
 general and local; the latter l^eing called, ac- 
 cording to its seat, cerebral, pultiwnary, uterine, 
 &c. -The principal sypnptoms of plethora exist 
 in the circulatory system ; such as redness of 
 the surface, swelling of the veins-,' increase 
 in the fulness of, the pulse, in the strength 
 of the heart's pulsations, &c., with sponta- 
 neous hemorrhages occasionally. With these 
 are usually united general heaviness, torpor, 
 lassitude, vertigo, tinnitus aurium, flushes of 
 heat, &c. .The blood of plethoric persons 
 differs from healthy blood in the smaller ratio 
 of water which it contains, and especially in the 
 augmentation of the red corpuscles. 
 
 The tendency to plethora, or its actual ex- 
 istence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper 
 diet, exercise, &c.; and, if the danger from it 
 be pressing, by blood-letting. This is, how- 
 ever, a doubtful remedy for general plethora, 
 as it increases hEematosis. 
 
 Plethora, Locai,, Hyperaemia. 
 
 PLETHORIC, PUtlio'Hcus, Polyce'mic, Po- 
 hjiffmicus, (F.) Plethoriqiie. Same etymon. Full 
 of blood. Relating to or affected with plethora. 
 
 PLETHORICUS, Plethoric. 
 
 PLETHOS, Satiety. 
 
 PLEUMON, Pulmo. 
 
 PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia. 
 
 PLEURA, Pleurum, Pleuro'ma, ■* the side, 
 a rib.' Mejnbra'na pleurit'ica seu castas suc' 
 cih'gens seu succin! gens, J^CTnhra'na seu Tn'~ 
 nica costalis seu suhcosta'U'S, Mypopieu'rlos, 
 (F.) Plivre ou Plenre. The pleuras are two 
 thin, diaphanous, perspirable membranes, which 
 line each side of the chest, and are reflected 
 thence upon each lung. Like all serous mem- 
 branes — to which clags they belong — each re- 
 presents a sac without aperture. From the 
 junction of the pleura of each side the medias- 
 tina are formed. That portion of the pleura 
 which lines the parietes of the chest is called 
 Pleura Costa'lis ; the portion that covers the 
 lungs. Pleura Pulmona'lis. The arteries of the 
 pleurae are from the intercostals, internal mam- 
 maries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, &c. The 
 veins correspond with the arteries. They are, 
 also, supplied with lymphatics, but nerves are 
 not traceable in them. 
 
 Pleura is also used for Comity of the Pleura, 
 Saecus Pieuree. 
 
 PLEURjE. The sides of the chest. 
 
 PLEURAL, Pleura'lis, Pleu'ricus, PUu'- 
 
PLEaRALGIA 
 
 669 
 
 PLEURITIS PRONCHIALIS 
 
 rites. That which concerns the pleura; — as a 
 pleural fistula; — pleural cavity, &c, 
 
 PLEURALGIA, Pleurodyne. 
 
 PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema. 
 
 PLEURARTHROC'ACE, from a-xtup*, «a 
 ribj' otjiflfoF, ' a joint/ and naxct, < bad.' Caries 
 of the ribs. 
 
 PLEURE, Pleura. 
 
 PLEURESIA, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLET^RESIB, Pleurisy. 
 
 PLEURESIS, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURICUS, Pleural. 
 
 PLEURIS, Pleuritis. 
 
 PLEURISY, Pleuritis. 
 
 Pleurisy, Bilious, Fleuri'tis lilio'sa, is pleu- 
 risy accompanied with bilious symptoms j — the 
 effect of duodenitis or duodeho-hepatitis.' 
 
 Pleurisy, False, Pleurodynia. 
 
 Pleurisy, Head. A ridiculous term, occa- 
 sionally used by the vulgar, in the southern 
 States especially, for .bilious pneumqnia before 
 the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and 
 whilst the head'is prominently affected. " 
 
 PledrIsy, Hemorrhagic, Haematothorax — 
 p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia— p. Root, Asclepias 
 tuberosa. '^ ^ 
 
 Pleurisy, Typhoid, Fleuri'tis typjio'i'des seu 
 typho'des aeatypho'sa. Pleurisy accompanied 
 by adynamic'.symptoms. - 
 ■ PLEURITES, Pleurals ■ 
 
 PLEURPTIS, from rfsuga, 'the pleura;' 
 Morbus latera'Hs, M. pleiirit'ictis, M. Costa'lis, 
 Empres'ma Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure'sis, Pleu- 
 re'sia, Pleuritis costa'lis seu vera, Pleurit'ica 
 Febris, Cduma Fleuri'tis, Passio pleurit'ica, 
 Injia/nvma'tio Pleura, Pleurisy, Infiamma'tion 
 of the Pleura, (F.) Pleurisie, Fiivre pleure- 
 tique, Infleemmation de la Plhvre, may be acute 
 or chronic. Perhaps the most violent of all 
 internal inflammations is the active form ; 
 known by acute, 'lancinating pain in one "side 
 of the chest, increased by inspiration, by cough- 
 ing, and often by pressure,; dyspnoea, the inspi- 
 rations short and frequent ; cough dry, or with, 
 little expectoration'; and difficulty of lying on 
 the affected side. Symptoms, attending' the 
 phlegmasisE in general, strongly marked. 
 
 Physical Spgns^ There is seldom any per- 
 ceptible alteration in the exterior of the chest. 
 When effusion has taken place to a great ex- 
 tent, the ai^ns will be similar to those of chro- 
 nic pleurisy. The motion of the, affected side 
 is diminished, and the vibrations of the voice 
 cannot be detected by the hand. There is more 
 or less dulness of sound on percussion, the dul- 
 ness diminishing or disappearing by change of 
 position. , On auscultation, the inspiration is 
 feeble, distant, or inaudible; but change of po^ 
 sition modifies it. Egophony is usually pre- 
 sent, when, the effusionis in moderate quantity, 
 and is best heard over a portion of the thoracic 
 parietes, represented by a band of three inches-, 
 running from below the inferior margins of the 
 scapula in the direction of the ribs to the ster- 
 num. Simple pleurisy rarely attacks both sides 
 at once : when such is ^he Case, the presence of 
 tubercles may be suspected. 
 
 Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated 
 in the pleura : a mediastinal pleurisy, one situ- 
 ated in the anterior mediastinum: and false 
 pleurisy or rheumatismal pleurisy^ that which 
 occupies the intercostal muscles. The last has 
 
 received the name Pleurodyn'ia; that of pleu- 
 risy being exclusively appropriated to inflam-i 
 mation of the pleura. . Pleurisy has als6 been 
 distinguished irAo dry andiiumid, according as 
 it is accompanied by expectoration. Humid or 
 moist pleu,risy is now properly regarded as a 
 complicatioii of pleurisy with pulmonary ca- 
 tarrh. It is the catar'rhal pleu'risy of some. 
 The majority of the species of pleurisy^ ad- 
 mitted by Sauva'ges, consist of complications. 
 
 The causes of pleurisy are like thosie of other 
 internal inflammatidhs. It may terminate by 
 resolution, effusion, or suppuration. 
 
 Pleurisy, Chronic, which has been particu- 
 larly descri'bed by Bsiyle, Broussaisj and Laen- 
 nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or 
 purulent effusion, which sometimes simulates 
 hydrothorai ; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. It 
 may form slowlyj without evident symptoms ; 
 of it may succeed acute pleurisy. In the former 
 case,, vague pains are felt in the chest, with 
 small, dry cough, oppression at intervals, shi- 
 vering,- irregular felarile symptoms; and hard- 
 ness of pulse.. ' 
 
 Physical Signs. The affected side i^ smooth- 
 er, more rounded and m,otionless ; the intercos- 
 tal spaces are dilated and filled up, or may 
 even protrude slightly. In very chrdnic cases, 
 however, the affected side may be smaller. The 
 triangular space above the clavicle and the; de- 
 pression imnjediately above the sternum are 
 often drawn downwards on the diseased side. 
 No vibration is experienced by the hand when 
 the patient speaks. The parietes of the thorax 
 are sometimes cedematous, and fluctuation may 
 be occasionally felt between the ribs. Oh per- 
 cussion the sound is dull, or if clear, only so in 
 the. upper, portions of the chest. On ausculta- 
 tion, there is an absence of the usual sounds 
 over the affected parts, excepting occasionally 
 transmitted sounds.. .There are no physical 
 signs that cian enable us to know whether pus 
 or serum is effused into the chest. The intro- 
 duction of a grooved needle through, the inter- 
 costal space, as recommended by Dr. Thomas 
 Dayies, would of course settle the question. 
 
 On dissection of t^iose who have'died of pleu- 
 risy, the pleura is found thickened, red, in- 
 flamed, and covered with membranous exuda- 
 tions or false membrane?. Sometimes it seems 
 cartilaginous and ossified. Its cavity fre- 
 quently contains serous or sero-purulent effu- 
 sions. The acute form of .the disease requires 
 the most, active treatment. General • blood- 
 letting, to such an extent as to make a very de- 
 cided impression on the system, and repeated 
 if necessary. This is the most important agent. 
 After the violence of the disease has been got 
 over, counter-irritants will be found highly be- 
 neficial; as well as when it has .passed into the 
 chronic state. The cough may be relieved by 
 demulcents. 
 
 Sauvages has given the name Fleuri'tis 
 Vento'sa, and Pringle that of Pleurodyn'ia 
 ■Vento'sa, to a pain behind the false ribs, attri- 
 buted to the presence of air in the intestines. 
 
 Pleuritis Bronchialis, Bronchitis — p. 
 Costalis, Pleuritis — p. Diaphragmatica, Dia- 
 phragmitis — p. Humida, Bronchitis — p. Mus- 
 cularis. Pleurodynia — p. Notha, Pleurodynia — 
 p. Pericardii, Pericarditis — p. Pulmonis, I'leu- 
 ropneumonia---p. Rheumatica, Pleurodynia — p. 
 Spuria, Pleurodynia— p. Spuria simulata, Pleu- 
 
PLEUROCELE 
 
 670 
 
 PLEXUS 
 
 rodynia — p. Typhoides, see Fleuritis, (biliosa) 
 — p. VerajPleuntis. 
 
 PLEUROCE'LE, from nUvQa, ' the pleura,' 
 and Z7J?,?;, ' a tumour.' Hernia of the pleura. 
 Hernia pleu'rica et pulmona'lis. This name, 
 employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the .pleura 
 never protrudes alone. It only forms a hernia, 
 when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to 
 tumours, or to purulent collections, which have 
 protruded from the thoracic parietes. 
 
 PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from nXi-vqai 'the 
 pleura,'. and xowa-m, 'I glue.' An adhesion 
 between the pleura costali? and pleura pulmo- 
 nalis. 
 
 PLEURODYNE^ Pleurodynia. 
 
 PLEUROD YN lA, Pleural' gia, Pseudo-pleu- 
 ri'tis, Pseudo-pleurisy, Pleurod'ynS, Autal'gia 
 doloro'sa, A stitch. Pain in the side. Stitch in 
 the side. Par apleuri'tis; Siethbrrheu''ma, lihett' 
 matis'mus pec'toris, Pleuri'tis rheumat'ica, P* 
 muscula'ris, P. spu'ria, False Pleurisy, Rheu- 
 mat'ic or rheuiriatis'Trtal 'pleurisy, Pleuri'tis 
 notha seu spu'ria seu spu'ria sirtiula'ta-, Pneu- 
 Tno'nia exter'na, Lagonop'onos, Thoracod'ynS, 
 Dol'or Pee'toris exter'nus, (F.) Point de c$te, 
 Douleur de c6te; from TihtvQct, 'the side or 
 pleura,' and oSmij, ' pain.' A spasmodic or rheu- 
 matic affection, generally seated in the mus- 
 cles of the chest, and, ordinaTily,-ih the inter- 
 cos tals.Itjs usually augmentedby outward pres- 
 sure, inspiration, coughing, exertion, moving 
 the thorax, and sometimes even the correspond- 
 ing arm. It is unaccompanied by fever, cough; 
 or dyspnoea, excepting under the' form of a 
 stitchj when dyspnoea exists. It is, generally, 
 by no means obstinate, and yields proftiptly to 
 warm applications, and to cupping or leeches. 
 If it still resist, a blister -will, almost always, 
 remove it. 
 
 Pleurodyma Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa. 
 
 PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura. 
 
 PLEUROPATHl'A, {lom ■rlwQa, 'the 
 pleura,' and ^xdoi, 'a disease.' A disease of 
 the pleura. 
 
 PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Pleuroperi- 
 pneumo'nia, PleuropnevTno'nia, Pnewmonoplezi- 
 re'sis, Pnewmonopleuri'tis , Pleuritis pulvio'nis, 
 Pneumo'nia pleuritis . In,flammation occupying 
 the pleura and the lung at the same time. Pleu- 
 risy and peripneumony existing simultaneously. 
 Physical signs., A dull sound is yielded by 
 percussion for a variable extent over the more 
 dependent portions of the affected side. The 
 loss of sound is partially modified by change of 
 position. The respiratory murmur on ausculta- 
 tion is very feeble or absent inferiorly ; higher 
 up, the crepitation or bronchial respiration of 
 pneumonia may be detected ; round the root of 
 the lung, and near the inferior angle of the sca- 
 pula, ego'phony is generally present. There is 
 seldom much enlargement of the affected side, 
 or displacement of the adjacent organs, as in 
 the case of simple chronic pleurisy. 
 
 PLEUROPNEFMA, Pneumathorax. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPNEUMONITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema. 
 
 PLEURORRHCE'A, from nMv^a, 'the side,' 
 and jta, ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in 
 the pleura. 
 
 Pleurokiihcea Chylosa, Chylothorax — p. 
 
 Lymphatica, Hydrothorax — ^p. Purulenta, Em- 
 pyema — p. Sanguinea, Haematothorax — p. Se- 
 rosay Hydrothorax. 
 
 PLECJRORTHOPNCE'A, from rfau^o, nhe 
 side,' o^S-oe, 'erect,' ind nvim, 'I respire.' 
 Pain of the side, wliich does not permit the pa- 
 tient to breathe, except when in the vertical 
 position. 
 
 PLEUROSTO'SIS, bom nXsvio.,' the pleura,' 
 and oiTTtoi', 'a bone.' Ossification of the pleu- 
 ra, or in the cavity of the pleura. Osteopleuria. 
 PLEUROTETANUS, Pleuro'thotonos. 
 PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurot'onos, PUu- 
 rotei'anus. Tetanus latera'lis, from wxe^^o^n', 
 'laterally,' and tovo?, 'tension.' A variety of 
 tetanus, in vphich the body is curved laterally 
 by the stronger contraction of the muscles of 
 ,one side of the body. 
 
 PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos. 
 PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura. 
 PLtVRE, Pleura: 
 
 PLEXIM'ETER, Plexopi'eter, Phgom'eter, 
 PlessiTn'eter^ from vKncraa, 'I strike,' and'/^s- 
 Tgor, 'measure,'^ a measurer of j)ercussion.' An 
 ivory plate of a circular or oVoid shape, from 
 an inch and a half to two inches in diameter, 
 and about ^5ne-sixth of an inch in thickness. It 
 has either a raised rim or ed^e, or projecting 
 handles on its upper side, to permit its being 
 held between the finger and thumb of the left 
 hand, whilst it is struck with the right. It is 
 used in percussion of the chest. . ,A piece of 
 metal, a coin, or the finger of the left hand may 
 be used with equal advantage! — See Percussion, 
 mediate. 
 PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter. 
 PLEXOR, from jdiijouoi, ' I, strike.' Plesser. 
 Any instrument employed in percussion. The 
 eads of the fingers of the right' hand brought 
 together are the best plexor'; as the finger of tlie 
 left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter. 
 
 PLEXUS, Plegma,' Plec'tani, Plane, Ret?, 
 trora., plecto, ' I interlace,' 'i entwine.' (FI) 
 Lads. A network of blood vessels or of nerves. 
 The nervous plexuses, iTnplicatio'nes reticuia'- 
 res seu Textus nervo'rum ^eiong-^some to the 
 system of encephalic nerves — others to that of 
 the great sympathetic; whilst some, as the 
 pharyngeal, .seem to be formed of the two sets. 
 The plexuses represent complex networks, with 
 more or less loose meshes, formed ' by the 
 numerous "and diversified anastomoses of the 
 nervous filaments ; from which proceed other 
 branches, that are distributed to organs or to 
 other plexuses. 
 
 Plexus Choeoides, see Choroid — p. Ciliaris, 
 CiliUry ligament — p. Galiague, Coeliac plexus 
 — p. Coronarius ventriculi. Gastric plexus — p. 
 Gangliformis semilunaris, Cceliac plexus-^p. 
 Ganglioformes, Ganglionk, nervous — p. Glandi- 
 formes. Ganglions, nervous — p. Glandulosi Pey- 
 eri, Peyeri glandulae — p. Hederaceus, Corpus 
 pampiniforme — p. Hepaticus, Hepatic plexus — p. 
 Infra-thyroideal, see Thyroideal veins — p. Lom- 
 bo-aidominal , Lumbar plexus — p. Median, Coe- 
 liac plexus — p.Mesenteriipropriusetmaximus, 
 Cceliac plexus — p. Nervorum anserinus. Facial 
 nerve — p. Opistogastnque, Cceliac plexus — p. 
 Pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme — p. Re- 
 tiformis. Corpus cavernosum vaginae — p. Reti- 
 cularis, Choroides plexus — p. Solar, Coeliac 
 plexus — p, Sous-mesenterique, Hypogastric 
 plexus — p. Testiculaire, Spermatic plexus — p. 
 
PLICA 
 
 671 
 
 PliUMBI ACETAS 
 
 TracMlo-sous-cfitdne, Cervical plexus-^p. Vas- 
 cirlosus funiculi spermatici pampiniformis, Cor- 
 pus pampiniforme. 
 
 PLICA, from plieari, ' to be knit together.' 
 Tricho'sis plica, Tricka'ma, Tricts, T. Incubo- 
 rum, T. Scrofo'rum, Plica Poleniea, P. Po- 
 lon'ica Jvda'ica, P. Cachec'tica, P. ]Saa:oii'i- 
 ea, Affee'tio Sarmat'ica, Matted hair. Plaited 
 hair, Triehom'atose hair, hues Sarmat'ica, 
 L. Polon'ioa, L. Triehomat'ica, Helo'ns, 
 Helo'tis, Cir'ragra, Cir'rhagra, C. Pollono 
 rupi, Ecphy'>ma tricho'ma. Morbus Cirrho 
 rum. Plica caput Medu'aes, Plica longicau'd'a 
 latera'lis. Coma Cxsa'rea, Kolto, Rhopalo'- 
 4ia, Plica'tio, Plicatu'rd, (F.) Plique, P. Po- 
 lonaise. A disease endemic in Poland, LI 
 thuania, and other parts of Northern Europe 
 so called on account of its being characterized 
 by interlacing, twisting, and agglutination or 
 matting of the hair. By sonie it has been re- 
 garded as a disease ; by others, as the want of 
 attention to cleanliness. However this may be, 
 it generally appears upon the hair of the heady 
 but sometimes in that of other parts, as the 
 beard, the hair on .the axilla, pubes, &c. Ali- 
 bert admits three species of plica. l.The 
 Plica m/ultiformUs or Plica caput Medu\siE, in 
 which the hairs are mixed and agglutinated in 
 greater or less masses ; and. this has been again 
 subdivided into two varieties, according as the 
 meshes are almost straight (P. C. M. ladnia'ta., 
 (F.) Plique en I'anih-es) or much twisted (P. 
 C, M. laciniata, (F.) P. en, vrilles.) 2. Plica 
 longicau'da, (F.) Plique solitaire ou h queue; 
 when the hair is united into a single long mass, 
 and 3. Plica cespito'sa, (F.) Plique en masse, 
 in which' the hairs are matted into one large, 
 shapeless mass. Pinel places this disease 
 amongst the Cutaneous' phlegmasise ; but it is 
 far from being demonstrated, that it is the re- 
 sult of inflammation of the skin. Certain it is, 
 however, that the tangling of the hair is symp 
 tomatic of an aiJection-^sKi generis — of the der- 
 moid system. The idea that it is entirely owing 
 to want of cleanliness, as has been conceived 
 by some, is not tenable. ~ ' 
 
 Plica, Plectane — p. Cachectica, Plica — p. 
 Caput Medusae, Plica — p.^Longicauda lateralis. 
 Plica — p. Lunata, Valvala semilunaris — p. Po- 
 lonica Judaica, Plica — ^p. Saxonica, Plica — p. 
 Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris. . ' ^ - 
 
 PLICATIO, Plica. 
 
 PLICATURA, Plica. 
 
 PLICATUR^ CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri. 
 
 PLICHOS, PerinsBum. ' 
 
 PLIN'THIUM, Tii.v^.ov. A machine in- 
 vented by one Nileus, which was formerly em- 
 ployed in the reduction of fractures and luxa- 
 tions. Scultetas describes it in his Armamen- 
 tarium, Chirurgicum. 
 
 PLIQUE, Plica— p. Polonaise-, Plica* 
 
 PLOMB, Plumbum. 
 
 PLOMB, (F.) The sulphuretted gas disen- 
 gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times 
 to the nightmen, (F.) Vidangeurs, engaged in 
 emptying them. 
 
 FLOMB, ACiTATE ACIDE DE, Plumbi 
 superacetas — p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas — 
 p. Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Carbonate 
 de, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Chlorure de, Plumbi 
 chloridum— ^. lodure de, Plumbi iodidum— p. 
 Oxide de,fondu, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum 
 —p. Oxide rouge de, Plumbi oxydum rubrum — 
 
 p.Omde semdvitreum de, Plumbi oxydum semi- 
 vitreum. 
 PLOMB AGINE, Graphites. 
 PLOMBIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 Pontes medicaftiPlumba'riiyThermmPlumburix.^ 
 Plombi^res is a. town in the department of tlie 
 Vosges, 17 leagues from Nancy, and two from 
 Remiremont. Here are several sources of ther- 
 mal water. That which is called Saponaceous, 
 (F.) Savonneuse, is formed of the subcarbonate 
 and sulphate of 6oda, chloride of sodium, silida, 
 carbonate of lime, , and much vegeto-animal 
 matter. T^is last component, when held in 
 solution by means of the subcarbonate of soda, 
 gives to the Water >an unctuous character. 
 This is the origin of its name. The waters of 
 Plombiferes are employed as solvents in en- 
 gorgements of the abdominal viscera, and as 
 alteratives in chronic diseases of the skin. 
 PLORATIO, Lachrymatio. 
 PLORATUS, Lachrymatio. 
 PLOTUS, Leiopus. 
 
 PLUGGING, (Sw.) Plugg, (F.) Tamponne- 
 ment. The act of stopping a hole. The intro- 
 duction of a plug of lint or rag into a wound or 
 natural cavity — as the uterus or vagina — to ar- 
 rest hemorrhage ; or of some substance into a 
 carious tooth to prevent, toothache. 
 
 PLUM, Prunum, Frunus domestica-^p. As- 
 syrian, Sebestina. 
 PLUMA, Lanugo. 
 PLUMACEAtT, Pledget. 
 "PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, pledget. 
 PLTJMASSEAU, Pledget. 
 , PLpMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria. 
 
 Plumb a'go Eueop^e'a, Denta'ria, Crepanel'Ia, . 
 Squama'ria, Dentela'ria, Leadwort, (F.) Dente- 
 laire,Herbe au Cancer. Family, Plumbagineae. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The root 
 was formerly much esteemed as a cure for the 
 toothache ; like the Pel'litory of Spain-, which 
 is ^Iso called Dentaria. 
 
 PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas— p. Ace- 
 tas dilutum alcoholicum,. Liquor plumbi sub- 
 acetatis dilutus — p. Acidulus siccus, PJumbi 
 superacetas-vp. Carbonas, P. subcarbonas. 
 
 Plitmbi Chlo'ridom, Chloride of Lead, (F.) 
 Chlorure de Plomb. This salt of lead has been 
 used in the form of lotion and ointment, in 
 .cancerous ulcerations. 
 
 Plumbi Deutoxydum Rubrum, P. oxydum 
 rubrum^-p. lodidum, see Iodine — p. loduptum, 
 see Iodine. 
 
 . Plumbi NlTnosAC'CHAjLAStNitrosaa'charate of 
 lead. (Sacchar.'.p. j ; Acid, nitric, p. ij j Aqua. 
 p. X.) Beat together in a porcelain dish as long 
 as chemical action continues : dilute the liquor 
 with water, neutralize with cbalk, and to the 
 filtered solution add acetate of lead so long as a 
 precipitate is formed. Collect, wash, and dry 
 the precipitate,' which ^s saccharate of lead. 
 Dissolve in dilute nitric acid, (one part acid to 
 nineteen of water,) filter and evaporate to form 
 crystals, which are transparent, of an amber 
 colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or 
 prisms. 
 Advised as a solvent to phosphatic calculi. 
 Plumbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas 
 p. Oxydum carbonatum per acidum acetosum, 
 Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxydum fusum, PL 
 oxydum semivitreum. 
 
 Plumbi Oxydum Rubeum, Min'ium, Miltus, 
 Deutox'ydum plumbi rubrum, Superox'ydum 
 
PLUMBICUM 
 
 672 
 
 PNEUMATOTHORAX 
 
 Plumbo'sum, Plumbum oxyda'imnruhrum, San- 
 dix, Sandy X, Red had, (F.) Oxide de plomb 
 rouge. It is sometimes used to kill vermin. 
 
 Plumbi Ox'ydum SEMiviT'jtEUM, lAthar'gy- 
 riis, lathargyrujn, lAthargyt'ium, Oxyd'um, 
 plumbi fusum, SpitTna argent'i, Semi-vit'rijled 
 oxyd of lead or litharge, Calciteo'sa, CatKinia, 
 (F.) Oxide de plomb fondu. Oxide de plomb 
 semivitreux, (a yellow protoxyd of lead, pre- 
 pared by heat and combined with carbonic acid.) 
 It occurs in scales of a whitish-red colour, and 
 semi-vitrified. It is employed for pharmaceu- 
 tical purposes, as in the liquor plumbi acetatis, 
 Kmplastrum plumbi, &c. Formerly, the Lith- 
 arge of gold,Chrysi'tis, Mas'sicot, and Litharge 
 of silver, Almariab, were distinguished in com- 
 merce. These were merely ordinary litharge, 
 resembling gold or silver in colour. 
 
 Plumbi Subcar'bonas, Car'bonas plumbi, 
 Plumbi Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plumium carbon- 
 icumj, Magiste'rium. plumbi, Oxydum, plumhi 
 album,Cerussa, ^ru^go plumhi, Psimmyth*ion, 
 Psym'mython, Simmitium, Flake white, Blanca, 
 Gersa, If fides, Subca/bonate of lead, Cerusse, 
 White lead, (F.) Carboftate de plomb, Blanc de 
 plomb, Plomb A^awc, (prepared by exposing spiral 
 rolls of lead to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels 
 placed in dung.) It is inodorous ;- has a sweet 
 taste; is l(rittle; friable; snow white, and of 
 tt minute, scaly texture. It is astringent and 
 sedative, and is sprinkled on parts affected with 
 local inflammation, or to prevent chafing in 
 children. It is also used in the formation of 
 ointments and plasters. 
 
 Plttmbi Superace'tas, Cerus'sa aceta'ta, 
 Plumbi add'ulus siccus, Plumbi ace'tas (Ph. U. 
 S.), Sal vel sac'charum Satur'ni, Superac"etate 
 of lead. Plumbum ace'ticuTn, I>ulce'do Satur'ni, 
 Acetas plum'bicum, cry stallisa'tum,, Sal plumbi. 
 Sugar of lead, Protoac'^etate of lead, ■ (F.) 
 Acetate acide de~ plomb, Selou Sucre de Saiurne. 
 (Plumb, carb. Ibj, Acid acetic, cong. 1^. Boil 
 the lead with the acid till.it is saturated; then 
 strain through paper, and evaporate to a pelli- 
 cle, that crystals may be formed. Wash the 
 crystals and dry on blotting paper. Ph. L.) 
 The' acetate of lead has a sweet, styptic taste; 
 a very white colour, and silky lustre. It is 
 astringent ; and, in vjiah solution, cooling and 
 sedative; in strong, stimulant. It is given in- 
 ternally, in viscetal and other hemorrhages, 
 combined with opium, and is used externally, 
 in solution, in inflammation, burns, bruises, 
 gonorrhoea, &c. Dose, gr. ss to iss. 
 
 Pliimbi Tannas, see Tannin. 
 
 PLUMBICUM ACETAS CRYSTALLISA- 
 TUM, Plumbi superacetas. 
 
 FLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi 
 oxydum rubrum. 
 
 PLUMBUM, Molyb'dos, Molibdus, Saturn'- 
 ■us, Capricor'nus, (F.) Pldmb. Lead. A solid 
 metal of a bluish white colour ; more malleable 
 than ductile ; soft enough to be scratched by the 
 nail ; very fusible and oxydizable, when heated 
 in the air, and existing, in nature, under a num- 
 ber of difl'erent shapes ; the principal of which 
 are those of sulphuret and oxyd. S. g. 11.352. 
 
 Its use is to form oxides and salts. In its 
 metallic state, it has no action upon the body ; 
 but when oxydized or united with an acid, it 
 acts, in large doses, as a powerfully astringent 
 poison. 
 
 Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi- superacetas — 
 
 p. Album, Tin — p. Candidum, Tin — p. Car- 
 bbnicum, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Cinereum, 
 Bismuth, subnitrate of — p. Uxydatum rubrum, 
 Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 
 PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana 
 — p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel- 
 low, see Diospyros Virginiana. 
 
 PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC FOR CAN- 
 CERS, Plunkett's ointment. 
 
 Pl'unxett's- Ointment. Pluniett^s Caustic 
 for Cancers. This empirical cancer remedy 
 consists of Arsenious acid. Sulphur, and the 
 powdered flowers of the Ranunculus flarmnula 
 and Cotula fcetida ; — levigated and made into a 
 paste with the white of egg, and applied, on a 
 piece of pig's bladder, to the surface of the cancer. 
 
 PLUTEA. Avicenna gives this name to 
 duplicatures of the dura mater, such as the 
 FaXx cerebri. 
 
 PLUTONIUM, Barium. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTIA, ]?ocimasia pulmonum. 
 
 PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUMA, Air, Life. 
 
 PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonaposte'ma, 
 Abscessus ^ultAo'iium; from 7ivcu^_fi)v, 'the 
 lung;' and aTroa-Trifia, 'abscess.' Abscess of 
 the lung. ' 
 
 PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul- 
 monum. 
 
 PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
 PNEUMAT'IC PHYSICIANS, Pneumat'- 
 ici. Name given to a sect of physicians, at the 
 head of whom was Athenaeus, who made health 
 and disease to consist in the different propor- 
 tidns of an element — which they calledPneuma, 
 TTVivfjta. — to those of the other elementary prin- 
 ciples. This a-jsu/itt was a fancied spiritual 
 principle, which the Stoics regarded as an ele- 
 ment, different from water, air, earth and fire ; 
 — the sole elementary principles previously 
 admitted. 
 
 PNEUMAT'ICA, from a-ni-iiia, ' air.' Ap- 
 pertaining to the breathing. Diseases of the 
 respiratory function ; — the second class in 
 Good's system of nosology. 
 
 PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele. 
 
 PNEUMATO'DES, from Trtivfia, 'wind,' 
 and iiioq, 'resemblance.' One distended with 
 air, or who breathes with difiiculty, owing to 
 an accumulation of flatus in the digestive tube ; 
 or, according to others, owing to emphysema. 
 
 PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE, Pneumatam- 
 phalus. 
 
 PNEUMATOM'PHALUS, Fneumatompha- 
 loce'le, from nvev/m, ' flatus,' and ofi^aXus, 'the 
 umbilicus.' Umbilical intestin'al hernia, con- 
 taining a considerable quantity of flatus. 
 
 PNEUMATOSEy Pneumatosis— 7;. Perito- 
 neale. Tympanites. v 
 
 PNEUMATO'SIS, Aero'sis,, from ,ruvfia, 
 'air.' Flatus, (F.) Maladie venteuse, Pneu- 
 matose. Flatulence. Flatulent distention of 
 the stomach or bowels, or both. Sauvages 
 uses the word synonymously with emphysema. 
 It is now generally employed for every abnor- 
 raous collection of gaseous matters in any part 
 of the body. 
 
 Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p. Abdominis, 
 Tympanites — p. Enterica, Colica flatulenta — 
 p. Pulmonum, Emphysema of the lungs — p. 
 Ventriculi, et Pneumatosis enterica, Flatulence. 
 
 PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
 
TOETTMOCACE 
 
 673 
 
 PNEUMONIA 
 
 PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia. 
 PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious.) 
 PNEUMOCHYSIS, CEdema of the lungs. 
 FNEITMOECTASIE, Emphysema of the 
 
 VNEVMOGAS'TVilC, Pnmmogas'trieus, 
 from vvtu/imv, 'the lung,' and yao-rij^, 'the 
 stomach.' Chaussier gives this name to the 
 Eighth pair ofnerves^ Par vagum, Ears vaga, 
 Nervus vagus seu amhilato'rius,' Middle sym- 
 pathetfic; because it is distributed especially to 
 the organs contained in the chest and abdomen. 
 This nerve arises from behind the eminentiae 
 olivarise and near the corpora restiformia by one 
 or two rovifs of filaments, regularly arranged. 
 These filaments unite to form a flat ijord, which 
 issues from the cranium by the foramen lace- 
 rum posterius; behind the glosso-pharyngeal 
 nerve. At its exit from the cranium, the pneu- 
 mogastrie nerve has the appearance of a very 
 compact plexus. It then descends along the 
 neck, deeply seated on the outside of the caro- 
 tid artery and the internal jugular yein. Wheii 
 it has attained the lower part of the neck it en 
 ters the chest, gliding behind the subclavian 
 vein, and passing on the right side, in front of 
 the subclavian artery, and, on the left, before 
 the arch of the aorta. It proceeds, at first, 
 backwards, iniireaAing in size. Afterwards, it 
 passes from behind the bronchia to the oesopha- 
 gus, which it accompanies through the dia- 
 phragm, and terminates on the stomach. In 
 the necki the pneumogastric nerve anastomoses 
 with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, great hypo- 
 glossal, and great sympathetic nerves ; and fur- 
 nishes, 1 . a pharyngeal branch, 9. a superior la- 
 ryngeal, 3. cardiac branches. In the chest, it 
 gives off, 1. The inferior laryngeal or recur- 
 rent, 3. The pulmonary plexus, and, 3. The 
 oesophageal branches. On entering the abdo- 
 men, the oesophageal branches, which terminate 
 the , pneumogastric, are distributed upon the 
 stomach, and give numerous filaments to that 
 viscus, to the hepatic, coeliac, gastrd-epiploic, 
 and solar plexuses. Some go, also, to the pan- 
 creas, liver, gall-bladder, duodenum, &c. 
 
 PNEUMOG'RAPHY, Pneumogra'phia; from 
 nvsvfAmv, 'the lung,' and j-jaip))^, 'a description.' 
 The part of anatomy that describes the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMDL'OGY, Pneumolog"ia; from 7i»sti- 
 i"TO, 'the Jung,' and ^oyof, 'a discourse.' An 
 anatomical treatise on the lungs. An anatomical 
 description of the lungs. ' 
 
 PNEUMON, Pulmo. 
 
 PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pddtoris. 
 
 PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis 
 pulmonum. 
 
 PNEDMONECTASIS, Emphysema pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUMONEMPHRAX'IS; from nninim, 
 'the lung,' and t/i*g*?it, 'obstruction.' Con- 
 gestion and infarction of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMO'NIA, Empres'ma Pneumoni'tis, 
 Pleumo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneumo'nia peri- 
 pruumo'nia, Pneumoni'tis, Pulmo'nia, Fulmo- 
 na'ria, Inflamma'tio pneumon'ica, I. pec'toris 
 acu'ta, I. pulmo'num, Pneumos'tasis, Infiam- 
 moction of the lungs, hung fever^ (vulgarly), 
 Febris pjieumon'ica, {V .) Inflammation des Pou- 
 mons, Fievre pneumonique, F. peripneumo- 
 nique. Fluxion de Poitrine, Inflammation du 
 Parenchyme pulmonaire. The chief symptoms 
 of pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accompanied by 
 
 pain, sometimes obtuse, at others pungent, — in 
 some part of the thorax; pulse more or less 
 quick and hard, according to the violence and 
 extent of the local disorder; pstin aggravated by 
 the cough, which with dyspntea exists through- 
 out the disease. At first, the expectoration is 
 difficult and painful ; but in the course of a few 
 days it becomes free, and the oppression of 
 breathing is mitigated. When the inflamma- 
 tion, instead of going off" by resolution, passes 
 on to suppuration, rigors are experienced ; the 
 respiration becomes more Oppressed, but less 
 painful, and a sense of weight is felt in one of 
 the pleurae. Pneumonia may, also, terminate 
 by gangrene-^but this rarely happens ; — by in- 
 duration, and by hepatization. 
 
 Physical Signs. First Staqe, (F.) Engoue- 
 ment. Diminution of the sound is generally 
 observed over the afected part on percussion; 
 auscultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating 
 r&U, wbich is best heard at the close of a deep 
 inspiration, and on coughing. The respiratory 
 murmur is intermingled with the crepitant r&le, 
 or it may be absent. In the iieighbourhood of 
 the affected parts it is natural or puerile. The 
 voice and cough are rather more resonant than 
 usual. Second dike's,, (^ .^Hipatisationrouge. 
 When Hepatization has occurred, the motion of 
 the affected side is impeded, and immediately 
 above the- sternum and in the corresponding 
 triangular space on eithpr side, there is often an 
 evident depression. Percussion is dull over the 
 affected part in every position of the patient. 
 On auscultation, the crepitation is found to be 
 replaced by bronchial respiration. The respi- 
 ratory murmur is louder irj the other portions 
 of the Iting, the voice and cpugh are more reso- 
 nant, and the heart's action is more distinct. 
 Third Stage, (F.) Heyatisation grise. When 
 suppuration supervenes, the same signs persist ; 
 l)ut usually the voice and cough are, less reso- 
 nant, and a coarse mucouS r&le is ieardi When 
 gangrenous or suppurative cavities are formed, 
 they present the ordinary signs. 
 
 The prognosis must be guarded. It is not a 
 disease which we can always subdue. Great 
 extent of' inflammation; very considerable op- 
 pression ; orthopncea, and diflicult expectora- 
 tion are unfavourable symptoms. The most 
 active treatment is of course necessary. Gene- 
 ral bleeding forms the sheet anchor, — employed 
 so as to make a decided impression on the sys- 
 tem, and repeated, if necessary; local blood- 
 letting; nauseating doses of ^antirabnials ; pur- 
 gatives; and when the violence of the inflam- 
 mation has been got under, — counter-irritants, 
 &c. Chronic pneumonia sometimes succeeds 
 the acute, and, at others, occurs accidentally. 
 It must be managed on general principles. 
 Small bleedings, especially locally ; and coun- 
 ter-irritants of eJI kinds are indicated. 
 
 Pneumonia Bilidsa, P. bilious. 
 
 Pneumonia, Bilious, Pneumo'nia bilio'sa, 
 Pneumocholo' sis . Inflammation of the lungs, 
 accompanied by gastric fever, and not uncom- 
 monly by typhoid symptoms; — Pneiimotyphus, 
 Pneumo'nia typho'i'des sen typho'des seu typho'- 
 sa. Putrid, typhoid, adynamic or erysipel'atous 
 pneumo'nia. 
 
 Pneumonia, Erysipelatous, P. bilious — p. 
 Gangrasnosa, Necropneumonia — p. Hypostatica, 
 Pneumonypostasis— p. Intermittens, Pneumo- 
 typosis— p. Lobular, see Lobular— p. Notha, 
 
PNEUMONICA 
 
 674 
 
 PODAGRA 
 
 Peripneumonia notha — p. Pleuritis, Pleuro- 
 pneumonia — p. Putrid, P.l)ilicius — p. Typhrides, 
 P. bilious — p. Typhoid, P. bilious— 'p. Typhosa, 
 P. bilious, Necropneumonia'. 
 
 PNEUMON'ICA. -Diseases affecting the 
 lungs, their membranes or motive power; cha- 
 racterized by irregular, impeded, or painful 
 respiration. The second order of the class 
 Pneumatica of Good. 
 
 PNEIJMONIC'ULA. Diminutive of pneu- 
 monia. A slight inflammation of the. lung. 
 
 PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic. 
 
 PNEUMONIE, Pneumonia — p. Visseminie, 
 see Lobular — p.Lobulaire, see Lobular — p. Ma- 
 melonnee, see Lobular. 
 
 PNEUMONIE DES AGONISANTS, 
 FneuTnonie hypostatique,, 'The hyperffimic en- 
 gorgement, which takes place in the luijgs dur- 
 ing the last moments of life, has been so termed. 
 It would seem to be hyperemia rather than in- 
 flammation. 
 
 PNEUMONIT'IC, Tneumonit'icus. Of, or 
 belonging to pneumonitis, or inflammation of 
 the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia. 
 
 PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA, from jrvsi/|i.tov, 
 'the lung,' and x.ojx/irai/<a, 'cancer.' Cancer 
 of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONOCE'LE, from ytusu^mr, 'the 
 lung,' and kijM), ' rupture.' Hernia of the luqg. 
 
 Pneumomoce'le Diaphim-Gmat-'ica Intee'ha. 
 Hernia of the fting through the diaphragm. 
 
 Pneumonocele Exter'ha seu Thoeac"ica. 
 Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
 
 Pnedmonocele Thoraoica, Pn. externa. 
 
 PNEUMONCEDEMA, CEdema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis. 
 
 PNEUMONOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmo- 
 nalis. 
 
 PNEUMONOPHTHOE.Phthisispulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMONOPLEURESIS,Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PNEUMONOPLEURITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PNEUMONORRHAGIA, Haemoptysis. 
 
 PNEUMONORRHCEA, Hsmoptysis. 
 
 PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS; from*"ji»>;A.OT, 
 'the lung,' and <ric;ggot, 'induration.' Indura.- 
 tioh of the lungsl 
 
 PNEUMONOSES, Pneumoses. 
 
 PNEUMONYFOS'TASIS, Pneumo'nia ky- 
 postaCica. Pneumonia caused in a depending 
 portion of the lung, as from lying on the back. 
 
 PNEUMOPiKICA RDE, Pneumo-pericar- 
 dium. 
 
 PNEUMOrPERICARDIUM, Pneumo^eH- 
 carai'tis, (F.) Pnev/mo-p'ericarde, from wveu^tta, 
 ' air,' and ni^ixa^S'iov, ' pericardium.' Laennec 
 designates, under this name, the efiusion of air 
 into the cavity of the pericardium. 
 
 PNEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles ' of the 
 lungs. 
 
 PNEUMpPL EURESIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
 mony. 
 
 PNEUMOPTHOE, Phtliisis pulmonalis. 
 
 PNEUMORRHAGIA, Hsemoptysis— p. In- 
 terna, Haematothorax. 
 
 PNEUMOSEPSIS, Necropneumonia. 
 
 PNEUMOSES, from mivfim, ' the lung.' 
 A term under which Alibert comprises every 
 morbid affection of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOTHO'RAX, Fneumathorax, Pneii- 
 matothorax, Empkyse'ma pec'toris. Asthma 
 aeriutn. A, emphyseTnat'iouTn, Dyspnm'a pneu~ 
 mat'ica, D. physothorad'iea, Fkysothorax,,Ae- 
 rothorax, Aeropleurie,, (Piorry,) from irnv/Kaj 
 ' air,' and S-aga.^, 'the thorax.' An accumula- 
 tioii pf^air in the cavity of the pleura^ A com- 
 plaint generally sudden in its invasion and fatal 
 in its character. In many instances, along with 
 the air a liquid is eSxsed,-^Sydropn,eumothorax. 
 The disease may be sponta_neous and simple, 
 but in a large proportion of cases it is compli- 
 cated with pleurisy and pulmonary tubercles. 
 The signs vary according as there is, or is not, a 
 communication between the pleura and the bron- 
 chia. The affected side gives a hollow, tym- 
 panitic sound, even ■where the thickness of the 
 parietes of the thorax is great. When the effu- 
 sion is considerable, the affected side is dilated, 
 but there is no rale of any kind. When a gase- 
 ous and a liquid effusion are present at the same 
 time, the sound on percussion is found to be 
 clear at the superior part of the thorax, but 
 dull inferior ly; hence^ by varying the position 
 of the patient, and by consequence that of the 
 contained fluids, the seats of the clear and the 
 dull sound will be varied. When the gaseous 
 effusion is owing to a fistulous communication 
 between the pleura and bronchia, the metallic 
 respiration and resonance are heard; and if ' 
 there be both gaseous and liquid effusion, with a 
 fistulous communication, in addition to these 
 signs there is the tintement metallique. The 
 presence of liquid can always be ascertained 
 by suceussion. See Emphysema of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from nvin- 
 iKtut, 'the lung,' and xt^to, ' I cut.' Dissection 
 of the lungs./ ' 
 
 PNEUMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia, typhoid. 
 
 PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pneumo'nia intermit'- 
 tensjfiom/^vcv/imv, 'the lung,''and tutio!,,'^ 
 stamp, a type.' Pneumonia characterized by 
 periodicity. i 
 
 PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS, Docimasia pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 , PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmo- 
 num. 
 
 PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus- 
 sis— p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis. 
 
 PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer. 
 
 PNIGALION, Inctibus. 
 
 PNIGMOS, Orthopncea, Strangulation. 
 
 PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris. Suffoca- 
 tion. 
 
 PNIX, Orthopncea, Strangulation. 
 
 PNOE, Aura. 
 
 PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic. 
 
 POCHE DES EAUX, see Parturition. 
 
 POCK, KINE, Vaccina. 
 
 POCK-MARK, Scrobic'ulus Vari'olce, Cica'- 
 trix Variola. The mark left from a small-pox 
 pustule. 
 
 POC'ULUM, ABSINTHIA'TUM. This 
 was regarded in remote ages as a wholesome 
 beverage; the absinthiitm, or 'wormwood,' 
 being supposed to act as an antidote to drunken- 
 ness. 
 
 PocuLuM Amatoeittm, Philter — p. Diogenis, 
 Pabn — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic. 
 
 POD'AGRA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheu'ma, 
 Podal'gia, from a-sus, 'the foot,' and ctyga, 
 
PODAGRARIA 
 
 675 
 
 POISON 
 
 ' seizure.' Pain which attacks the feet. Gout, 
 situate in the articulations of the foot. It has, 
 also, been used in a more extensive significa- 
 tion, synonymously with gout. 
 
 Podagra Aberbans, Gout, (wandering) — p. 
 Arthritis, Gout— p. Betrograda, Gout, (retro- 
 grade.) 
 
 PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum podagraria. 
 
 PODALGIA, Gout, Podagri. 
 
 POIXALYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophora tinc- 
 toria. • , 
 
 PODANENCEPHALlA,seePodencephalus. 
 
 PODARTHRITIS, Podagra. 
 
 PODARTHROC'ACE,fromB-ouf, 'the foot,' 
 agfl-jov, ',an articulation,' and xaxos, ' bad.' Ca- 
 ries of the articulation of the foot. 
 
 EODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
 
 PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alus, 
 from Tiavs, ' the foot,' and xs<paM), ' the head.' 
 A monster whose brain is placed outside the 
 skull, and seems to be supported on a pedicle, 
 which traverses the summit of the skull. - This 
 state of monstrosity is termed Podanencepha'- 
 Ha, or more properly, Podencepha'Ua. — G. St. 
 Hilaire. 
 
 PODEX, Anus. . 
 
 PODCE'MA; from s-ous, 'foot,' and oiJij^«, 
 ' a swelling.' Oidema of the feet. 
 
 PODOL'OGY, Podolog"ia, from ttovs, ' the 
 foot,' and io^ot, 'a discourse.' A description 
 of the foot., A treatise on the foot. 
 
 PODOPHYL'LUM PELTATDM, Podo 
 phyl'lum, AnapodophylVv/m CanadensS, May 
 apple, Mandrake. FiMWi'/y, Podophylleffi. Sex. 
 Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. ' A common plant 
 throughout North America. The fruit is eat- 
 able,,and esteemed by many. The leaves are 
 said to be poisonous. The root or rhizoma, 
 PodophyUutn (Ph. U. S.), is purgaftive in the 
 dose of 20 grains. It has also been used as an 
 anthelmintic. " 
 
 Podophyllum Monta'ntim, Mountain May 
 Apple, Mandrai:e,WildIiemon,Dueksfoot, Rao-, 
 coon Berry, Yellow Berry y Ground Lemon, has 
 the same properties. 
 
 PODORRHE0MA, Podagra. 
 
 PODOTHE'CA, from tou.-, 'a foot,' and «i)zjj, 
 ' a receptacle, a sheath,' The cuticle of the 
 foot. An anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca, 
 has been used for the cuticle of the hand. 
 ' PO^LETTE, Cup. , 
 
 POE'PHAGUS ; from ttoi;, or tto*, ' a plant, 
 an herb,' and satj-m, 'I eat.' One who subsists 
 on herbs or vegetables. The act of subsisting 
 or feeding on herbs or vegetables is called 
 ' I. Hence Strabo calls the Irish 
 
 POGON, Beard. 
 
 POGONI'ASIS, Fogo'nia, from nmymv, 'the 
 beard.' A female beard. Also, great strength 
 or quantity of beard. A fernale having a beard 
 — Vird'go. 
 
 POGO'NIUM, diminutive otnmym; ' a beard.' 
 A weak or small beard. 
 
 POHON ANTIAR, Upas. 
 
 POI. A favourite aliment in the Sandwich 
 Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the 
 root of the Kalo — Arum esfuleti'tttm. 
 
 POIDS ET M£SUBES, Weights and mea- 
 sures. 
 
 POIGN&'E, Manipulus. 
 
 FOIGNET, Carpus. 
 
 FOIL, Hair. 
 
 POILE^TE, Cup. 
 
 POINT, BLISTERING. A name given by 
 Br. Rush to an indeterminate period in the 
 course of a continued fever, intermediate be- 
 tween its stage of high excitement and collapse, 
 in which blisters will — he thought — usually 
 produce unequivocally good effects. 
 
 POINT DE COM, Pleurodynia. 
 
 POINTS LACRTMAUX, Lachryraalia 
 puncta. 
 
 POIRE, see Pyrus communis. 
 
 POIREAU, Allium porrum. 
 
 POIRIER, Pyrus communis. 
 
 POIS J CAUT£RE, see Fonticulus— ^. 
 Chiche, Ciper arietinuni — p. a Gratter, Dolichos 
 pruriens — p. Patate, Dolichos tuberosus. 
 
 POISON, Phar' macan, Phar'macum, Tox'- 
 icum, Vene'nuTTi,. Virus, DeleteWviim,, (F.) Poi- 
 son, A generic name for, all substances which, 
 when introduced into the animal economy, either 
 by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di- 
 gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the 
 vital properties or the texture of an organ. Poi- 
 sons exist in the three kingdoms of nature, but 
 those which proceed from animals are often 
 called venoms, as the venom of the viper, scor- 
 pion, tarantula, &c., whilst -thoge that are the 
 products of disease 'have the name virus. In 
 common parlance,"lherefore, poison is restricted 
 to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral 
 and vegetablejkingdoms. Orfila has divided poi- 
 sons into four classes. 1. Acrid, Ir'ritating, 
 CoRRo'sivE, or Esoharot'io, such as the con- 
 centrated acids and alkalies; mercurial, arse- 
 niacal, cupreous, and antimonial comp6unds, 
 •cantharides, &c. 2. Narcot'io ; those that act 
 particularly upon the brain; as opium, hyos- 
 cyamns, &c., but without inflaming the orgaa., 
 with which they come in contact. 3. Narcot'- 
 ico-AcRiD or Aoron^rcot'ic; — those that act 
 on the brain, but, at the same time, inflame the 
 parts to which they are applied; as aconite, 
 belladonna, &c. 4. Septic or Putres'cent; — 
 those furnished by the anirnal kingdom, gee 
 Venom and Virus. Various classifications, of 
 a similar character, have been recommended by 
 different toxieologists; but they are liable to the 
 objection, that, they throw substances together 
 whose physiological action on the system is very 
 different. It is, indeed, diflicult to avoid unna^ 
 tural compression of matters into places not 
 properly belonging to them, in all such arrange- 
 ments. 
 
 The following table, which exhibits a cotip 
 d'ail of the chief poisons, with most of the cir- 
 cumstances of importance connected with them, 
 is not free from these objectibns. 
 
POISONS 
 
 676 
 
 POISONS 
 
 TABLE EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODE OP DETECTING THE VARIOUS 
 POISONS, MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL. 
 
 JV. B. In all cases the Stomach-Pump shoyld be used as soon as possible. 
 I. INORGANIC POISONS. 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 STMp;roMS. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 ACLDS. 
 Acetic ^cid. 
 Citric ^cid. 
 
 Muriatic Acid, 
 J^itric Acid, 
 
 Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Tartaric Acid. 
 Oxalic Acid, 
 
 Pruasic Acid. 
 
 on of Bitter At- 
 mondsm 
 
 fjaurel Water, 
 
 The ac'ids, generally, are 
 strong corrosive poisons. 
 Sour, acrid taste, burning 
 in the throat, which is in- 
 creased by pressure, swal- 
 lowing or coughing; eruc- 
 tation, and excruciating 
 pain in the stomach; more 
 or less corrugation of the 
 lining membranes of the 
 moiith ahd. primse vise: ex- 
 coriation about the mouth 
 or such other parts of the 
 skin as the acid may have 
 touched. The matter vo- 
 mited effervesces with car- 
 bonate of lime. The coun- 
 tenance becomes glazed, ex- 
 tremities cold and clammy; 
 convulsions and death. Ni- 
 tric acid occasions yellow 
 stains, and sulphuric acid, 
 black. 
 
 Is a sedative poison; nau- 
 sea, giddiness, debility, hur- 
 ried pulse, weight and [lain 
 in the head; eructations 
 having the flavour of the 
 acid; spasms, tetanus, coa- 
 tractile pupilj convulsions, 
 death. 
 
 The carbonates of soda, 
 potassa, lime and magne- 
 sia, are all antidotes to the 
 acids; calcined magnesia 
 also. They are, to be used 
 with the following restric- 
 tions; for the acetic, citric, 
 muriaticj sulphuric, and 
 tartaric acids, they may be 
 used indiscriminately. For 
 the nitric and oxalic, car- 
 bonates of magnesia add 
 lime can alone be employed 
 with safety. In the case of 
 sulphuric acid,water should 
 not be drunk on account of 
 the great heat, which is 
 produced by their mixture. 
 Subsequent inflamtiiatio^ 
 to be treated by ordinary 
 means. 
 
 The carbonates of the al- 
 kalies and of magnesia and 
 lime have th^ inconveni- 
 ence, that a large quantity 
 of gas is extricated in the 
 stomach. 
 
 Ammonia is an antidote: 
 but it should not be em- 
 ployed in a very concen- 
 trated form. Liquid chlo- 
 rine has also been found 
 efficacious. The cold doucfte 
 to the head has lieen re^- 
 commended. 
 
 Sulphuric add is known by a 
 white precipitate with any salt of 
 baryta, insoluble in niti;ic acid. 
 
 Muriatic acid is known by a white 
 precipitate with nitrate of silver, 
 insoluble in nitric acid, which turns 
 black by the action of light, 
 
 JSTitric acid gives rise to orange- 
 coloured fumes, when copper is 
 placed in it, and an ability to dis- 
 solve gold when mixed with muria- 
 tic acid. 
 
 Acetic acid exhales the odour of 
 vinegar. 
 
 Citric arfdblacfcens when heated. 
 
 Tartaric acid precipitates crystals, 
 with a solution of potassa; and a 
 white precipitate is thrown down 
 by lime-water. 
 
 Oxalic acid giVed a white precipi- 
 tate with lime water, which, when 
 heated, is converted into carbonate 
 of lime. 
 
 Prussic acid exhales the odour of 
 peach kernels; forms a white pre- 
 cipitate with nitrate of silver; neu- 
 tralized with an alkali, gives a 
 blue precipitate with the per-salts 
 of iron. 
 
 ALKALIES and 
 their SALTS. 
 
 Ammonia, 
 
 Strong Liquor or 
 
 Watm- of. 
 
 Muriate of Am- 
 monia or Sal 
 Ammoniac. 
 
 POTASSA. 
 
 Caustic Potash^ 
 and Liquor Po- 
 
 taissce. 
 
 Carbonate of or 
 Pearl Ash^ and 
 Salt of tartar. 
 
 Mirate of Potas- 
 aa, or Sdltpetre. 
 
 Sulphuret of, or 
 Liver of Sul- 
 phur. ■ 
 
 Soda. 
 
 Violent caustic, acrid 
 taste ; great heat in the 
 throat, with destruction of 
 its lining membrane ; diffi- 
 cult and painful degluti- 
 tion; yomiting of ()loody 
 matter, which turns tjie 
 yellow of turmeric brown ; 
 acute pain in the stomach ; 
 cold sweats^ weakness, hic- 
 cough; violent colic pains, 
 with purging of bloddy 
 stools and membranous 
 flakes; death. 
 
 The nitrate of potassa 
 will not manifest the effect 
 with turmeric paper. The 
 carbonates, when vomited, 
 will effervesce with aciUs; 
 and the liver of sulphur 
 will give rise to eructations 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen^ 
 
 The vegetable acids, such 
 as- vinegar, lemon juice, 
 citric and tartaric acid in 
 solution are antidotes to the 
 alkalies and their carbo- 
 bonates. The fixed oils, 
 such as castor, linseed, al- 
 mond and olive, form soaps 
 with the free alkalies, and 
 therefore destroy their caus- 
 tic effects. 
 
 Poisoning by nitrate of 
 potassa to be treated on ge- 
 neral antiphlogistic princi- 
 ples; mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 Liver of'^ sulphur is said 
 to be decomposed and neu- 
 traliaed by common salt. 
 The liquid chloride of soda 
 will also decompose it. 
 
 The alkalies are known by their 
 action on turmeric paper ; restoring 
 the colour of litmus, which has 
 been reddened by an ^cld. 
 
 Carbonates are known by their 
 effervescence with an acid ; some of 
 them affect the turmeric paper. Sal 
 ammoniac gives out the pungent 
 odour of ammonia, when mixed 
 with quicklime. 
 
 Nitrate of potassa decrepitates 
 and deflagrates when thrown on 
 hot coals. 
 
 Liver of sulphur emits the odour 
 of sulphuretted hydrogen when dis- 
 solved, or when treated with an 
 acid. 
 
 EARTHS and 
 
 COMPOUNDS. 
 
 Baryta. 
 
 Carbonate of Ba- 
 ryta. 
 
 Muriate (ff Ba- 
 ryta. 
 
 Kitrate of Baryta. 
 
 Li HE. 
 
 Analogous with those of 
 the corrosive metals. Vio- 
 lent burning in the .sto- 
 mach, vomiting, gripes, di- 
 arrhoea; excessive muscu- 
 lar debility, headache, cpn- 
 vulsions, death. Lime dif- 
 fers from baryta in being a 
 pure irritant. 
 
 The sulphates of soda 
 and magnesia are prompt 
 and effective antidotes to 
 all the poisonous salts of 
 baryta. Phosphate of soda 
 will also counteract their 
 effects. Lime may be neu- 
 tralized by dilute acids. 
 Carbonic acid, in soda wa- 
 ter, effervescing draught or 
 yeast, it is supposed, would 
 answer a good purpose. The 
 fixed oils may be employed 
 either for baryta or lime, 
 when not in a compound 
 state. 
 
 Baryta and Us salts invariably 
 give a white precipitate insoluble 
 in acid, with a soluble sulphate. 
 
 Lime, when dissolved, gives a 
 white precipitate with oxalic acid. 
 Also with carbonic acid, or a solu- 
 hle carbonate. The same of baryta. 
 
POISONS 
 
 677 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 Brandy, Wines, 
 and all Spiri- 
 tuous Liquors- 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Intoxication, and when 
 taken very freely, complete 
 insensibility, with apo- 
 plexy or paralysis of one 
 side; the countenance swol- 
 len and of a dark-red co- 
 lour; the breathing diffi- 
 culty and often stertorous, 
 wUh a pecifliar puffing, out 
 of the lipsj ChSbreath smells 
 of liquor, which will dis- 
 tinguish the symptoms from 
 those of spoutaueous apo- 
 plexy. 
 
 VOLATILE 
 OILS. 
 
 Creosote. 
 
 DippeVs. AiwauLl 
 I OIL 
 
 Oil of Tar. 
 'OH of Tobacco. 
 Oil <if Terpentine. 
 
 Fuael Oil. 
 
 GASES. 
 
 Carbonic Acid or 
 Fimed^ir. 
 
 Carbonic Oxide. 
 
 Fames of Burn- 
 ing CharcoaX, 
 
 Chlorine. ^ 
 
 Sulphuretted Hy- 
 drogen. 
 
 IODINE. 
 
 fodide of Potas- 
 sium, 
 
 General action that of 
 irritant poisons. Burning 
 pain, vomiting, pungent 
 taste, purging, &c. The oils 
 of turpentine and tobacco 
 affect the nervous systeni ; 
 the peculiar odour of each 
 oil will be manifested 
 the matter vomited. 
 
 Chlorine produces, yhen 
 inhaled, violent irritation 
 of the organs of respirationj 
 cough, iloody expectora- 
 tion, inflanimatlon of the 
 lungs, and permanent pul- 
 monary disease. The other 
 gases, although producing 
 some effect on the respira- 
 tory organs, act as poisons 
 in consequence of their se- 
 dative agency. The symp- 
 toms, therefore, are those 
 of apoplexy or narcotic poi- 
 soning^ 
 
 METALS. 
 
 Antimonf. 
 Tartar ^tnetic. 
 
 Muriate, or But- 
 ter of Antimony. 
 Oxide ' qf Anti- 
 mony, 
 
 Irritant symptoms : burn- 
 ing pain in the throat, lace- 
 rating pain in the stomach, 
 and fruitless efforts to vo- 
 mit; suffusion of the eyes ; 
 excessive pain and tender- 
 ' ness of Che epigastrium. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 A powerful emetic of 
 white vitriol, or tartar eme- 
 tic, should be got into the 
 ^tomac|i as soon as possi- 
 ble ; -and if the person has 
 lost the power of swallow- 
 ing, a flexible catheter or 
 tube should be the means of 
 conveying it thither. The 
 vomiting Should be encou- 
 raged as much as possible 
 with warm water; and large 
 and active glysters of salt 
 and water should be thrown 
 up. The patient should be 
 .placed erect, and if the 
 countenance and other ap 
 pearances be not improved 
 after these means have been 
 used, the jugular vein may 
 be opened, and cold wet 
 cloths applied to the head, 
 particularly if the body be 
 hotter than natural. If the 
 extremities become cold, 
 warmth and friction should 
 be perseveringly used. 
 
 Creasote is immediately 
 coagulated by albumen. 
 Dippel's animal oil may be 
 counteracted with dilute 
 acids and the fixed oils. 
 The other oils have no par- 
 ticular antidotes, and their 
 effects must, therefore, be 
 counteracted upon genera] 
 principles. 
 
 The antidotes tochlorine, 
 are the cautiou^ inhalation 
 of ammonia, or sulphuret- 
 ted hydrogen. The inflam- 
 matory symptoms from 
 chlorine to be treated on 
 general principles. For the 
 other gases, cold affusions 
 to the head, blood-letting, 
 artificial respiration. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Vomiting. If vomiting 
 do not occurpromptly, vio- 
 lent irritant effects are 
 produced. Burning pain in 
 the pit of the stomach; 
 Purging; colicky pains, 
 sense of tightness in the 
 throat, violent cramps; re- 
 peated recurrence of vomit* 
 
 Iodine combines with 
 I starch and forms an insolu- 
 ble compound. The prompt 
 administration of starch, 
 wheat flour, or other vege- 
 table matter containing fe- 
 cula, beat up in water, is 
 recommended. Iodide of 
 potassium has no antidote. 
 Vomiting should be pro- 
 moted by draughts of warm 
 water, and inflammation be 
 subdued by general treat- 
 ment. 
 
 If vomitinghave not been 
 produced, it should be 
 brought about, by tickling 
 the fauces, and adminis- 
 tering copious draughts of 
 warm water. Astringent 
 mfusions, such as of galls, 
 oak bark, Peruvian bark, 
 actas antidotes, and should 
 be given promptly; pow- 
 dered yellow bark may be 
 used, until the infusion is 
 prepared. 
 
 No better mode of recognising 
 these substances exists, than that 
 derived from their peculiar odour. 
 Dippel's oil has the pungent odour 
 of amtnonia; creaaoteand oil of tar, 
 a peculiar smell of smoke ; the odou r 
 of tobacco and turpentine are well 
 known; and fusel oil has'a peculiar, 
 offensive, suffocating odour. 
 
 CJilqrine is recognised by its pe 
 culiar odour 'and bleaching proper- 
 ties. Sulphuretted hydrogen by its 
 fetid sipell, .and the rapid blacken- 
 ing of lead. Carbonic acid by its 
 occasioning turbidness In lime-wa- 
 ter placed in its atmosphere. Car- 
 bonic oxide, by the blue colour of its 
 flame. 
 
 Iodine is known by its odour, and 
 the formation of a blue precipitate 
 when brought in contact with a 
 cold solution of starch. Iodide of 
 potassium gives a crystalline preci- 
 pitate, with tartaric acid in excess 
 The supernat|ant fluid will give the 
 blue colour to starch. 
 
 Antimony in solution is best dis- 
 tinguished by the peculiar orange- 
 red precipitate, which it forms with 
 sulphuretted hydrogen or solutions 
 of the hydrosulphates. Free alka- 
 lies produce white precipitates. The 
 muriate is known by a white preci- 
 pitate, when it is poured into wa- 
 ter. In its solid forma, it may be 
 known by the formation 'of "white 
 fumes, when heated, which redden 
 litmus. It may also- be converted 
 into muriate, and then precipitated 
 by adding water. 
 
POISONS 
 
 678 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Arsenic. 
 Jirsenious Jicidj 
 or White Arse- 
 
 ■Orpiment^ or Yel- 
 low Sttlphuret 
 of Arsenic. 
 
 King^s Yellow. 
 
 Realgar J or Red 
 Sulphuret of 
 Arsenic. 
 
 Fly Powder. 
 
 Fowler^s Solu- 
 tion. 
 
 Arsenical Paste. 
 
 Arsenical Soap. 
 
 Arsmite of Cop- 
 per, 
 Scheele^s Green. 
 
 Symptoms, 
 
 Bismuth. 
 
 J^trate of Bis- 
 muth. 
 
 Pearl Powder. 
 
 Ojidde of Bismuth. 
 
 Copper. 
 Sulphatcof Copper , 
 
 Blue Vitriol. 
 Acetate of Copper, 
 
 Vtrdigris. 
 Carbonate of Cop- 
 per, 
 Blue Verditer. 
 Arsenite of Cop- 
 
 , per, 
 Scheelc's Green- 
 Food cooked in 
 dirty copper ves- 
 sels, or pickles 
 made green by 
 copper. 
 
 Violent burning pain in 
 the region of tlie stomach 
 and bowels } tenderness on 
 pressure; retelling; vomit- 
 iagj sense of dryness and 
 tightness in the throat ; 
 thirst J hoarseness and diffi- 
 culty of speech; the matter 
 vomited greenish or yellow- 
 ish, sometimes, streaked 
 with blood ; diarrhcea ; te- 
 nesmus; sometimes excoria- 
 tion of the anus; urinary 
 organs occasionally affected 
 with violent burning pains 
 and suppression ; convul- 
 sions and cramps ; clammy 
 sweats; livid ity of the ex- 
 tremities ; countenance col- 
 lapsed ; eyes red and spark- 
 ling 5 delirium j death. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 Similar to those produced 
 from other irritant poisons. 
 General inflammation of 
 the whole alimentary canal; 
 suppression of urine; hie- 
 cougl?, disagreeable metal- 
 lic taste: vomiting; crainpsj 
 delirium^ death. 
 
 Very similar to those pro- 
 duced by arsenic. Coppery 
 eructations and taste. Fa- 
 tal cases are generally ter- 
 minated by convulsions, 
 palsy, insensibility. 
 
 The hydrated peroxide of 
 iron diffused ihrougli wa- 
 ter ; or the precipitated car- 
 bonate ; or the rubigo ferri, 
 in very fine powder, to be 
 administered every five or 
 ten minutes, until relief is 
 obtaiiied. This is particu- 
 larly efficacious when the 
 white arsenic ^as been swal- 
 lowed. If the arsenic-have 
 be.en taken in the form 
 of- Fowler's Solution, lime- 
 water in copious draughts, 
 may be given. For either 
 of the other fotms, emetics 
 of sulphate of zinc; dilu- 
 ents; demulcents, such as 
 flaxseed tea, infusion of 
 slippery elm, &c. Counter- 
 irritants may be used to re- 
 lieve tbe spasm, and violent 
 pain in the stomach. Bleed- 
 ing, as promoting absorp- 
 tion, should not be employ- 
 ed until the stomach is com- 
 pletely evacuated. 
 
 Milk, and sweet mucila- 
 ginous drinks are recom- 
 mended. Leeches, general 
 bleeding, glysters : fomen- 
 tations to be employed on 
 the general principles of 
 treatment for inflammatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Albumen to be adminis- 
 tered in either of its forms 
 which can be most readily 
 obtained, as milk or whites 
 of eggs. Vinegar should 
 not be given. Tbe inflam- 
 matory symptoms are to be 
 treated on general princi- 
 ples, and so of the nervous. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 If the suspected substance can be 
 obtained free ftom organic matter, 
 the presence of arsenic may readily 
 be shown by boiling It in distilled 
 water, filtering, and testing with, 
 1st. Ammoniaco-sulphate of copper. 
 2d. Ammoniaco-nitrate of silver. 
 (Hume^s Test) 3d. Sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen gas. The first will produce a 
 ^een precipitate; second, apaZe i/e/- 
 low precipitate: third, a bright yellow 
 precipitate, if arsenic be present. A 
 portion of the powder, or one of 
 these precipitates carefully and tho- 
 roughly dried, is then to be mixed 
 with charcoal and exsiccated carbo- 
 nate of soda, to be placed in a small 
 glass tube closed at one end, and 
 Ihen to be heated to a red heat in 
 the flame of a lamp. The arsenic 
 will be reduced, and sublime in the 
 upper part of the tube— forming a 
 dark crust, having considerable lus- 
 tre on its exterior surface, resem- 
 bling polished steel. By gently 
 heating this crust in a very small 
 flame, crystals of W^hite arsenic will 
 be formed, having a high adaman- 
 tine lustre. 
 
 If organic matter be present, it 
 must be entirely destroyed by heat- 
 jng the subsltance with niiro-muria- 
 tic acid. A.fler this has been done, 
 and a clear transparent solution in 
 distilled water has been obtained, 
 the subsequent process is as above 
 indicated. If arsenious acid be sub- 
 milted to the action of nascent hy- 
 drogen, it is deoxidized, and the 
 metallic arsenic, thereby obtained^ 
 combining with hydrogen, forms ar- 
 senurelted hydrogen gas. {Marsh's 
 Test.) 
 
 Add to asusppcted solution a few 
 drops of pure dhlorohydric acid, and 
 place in it a slip of bright copper; 
 no change occurs until the liquid is 
 brought to th'i boiling point, when, 
 if arsenic be present, even in small 
 quantity, the copper acquires an 
 iron-gray coating from the deposit 
 of that meial. llemove the slip of 
 copj)er; wash it in water, dry it and 
 gradually heat it in a reduction tube, 
 when arsenious acid will be suh- 
 hmed in minute octohedral crystals. 
 The test succeeds with powdered 
 arsenic, the arsenites, arsenic aeid, 
 thearseniatesandorpiment. It will 
 even separate the arstinic from ar- 
 senite of copper, and from common 
 lead-shot. Reinscli^a Test. 
 
 Bismuth is- known by the forma- 
 tion of a white precipitate when its 
 solution in nitric acid is poured into 
 water; and by the formation of a 
 black precipitate with sulphuretted 
 hydrogen gas, arid hydrosulphates 
 In solution. 
 
 The presence of copper Is readily 
 shown in solutions. By ammonia 
 beautiful bluish precipitate is 
 thrown down, which dissolves in 
 an excess of the precipitant, and 
 the solution has a rich blue colour. 
 A bright iron bar, introduced, into 
 solutions of copper, occasions the 
 separation of the copper, in a metal- 
 lic form, which deposits itself upon 
 the iron. 
 
POISONS 
 
 679 
 
 POISONS 
 
 , Poisons. 
 
 Stmftoms. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Chloride of Oold 
 
 Fulminating 
 Qold. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron, 
 
 Copperas, 
 
 Qreen Vitriol. 
 
 Chloride of Iron. 
 
 Lead. 
 Jicetateof Leadj 
 Sugar of Lead. 
 
 Carbonate of Lead, 
 
 White Lead, 
 
 Red Oxide or Red 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Litharge, 
 fVines sweetened 
 
 by Lead. 
 Water which has 
 heen kept in 
 Leaden vessels. 
 Acid food, cooked, 
 or Iqft standing 
 invessels glazed 
 lOiUi "Lead. 
 
 Mercubt. 
 
 Corrosive Stdfli- 
 mate. 
 
 Cyanuret ofMer- 
 cy.ry. 
 
 J\ritrate of Mer- 
 cury. 
 
 White Precipitate. 
 
 Red OxidCj or Red 
 Precipitate. 
 
 Sulphate, or Tur- 
 bilh Mineral. 
 
 Vermilion or Red 
 Sulphuret. 
 
 Silver. 
 JV.trate of Silver, 
 or Lunjir Caus- 
 tic, 
 
 Tin., 
 Chloride of Tin. 
 
 Solution of T^TOj 
 used by Dyers. 
 
 Oxide of Tin, or 
 Putty Powder, 
 
 Zinc. 
 Oxide of Zinc, 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc, 
 White Vitriol. 
 
 Acetate of Zinc. 
 
 Very analogous to those 
 of other irritant poisons. 
 This substance cotamuni- 
 cates a pink stain to the 
 flesh, and patches ot that 
 colour may he found about 
 th,e lips, and inside the 
 mouth. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; colic pains, con- 
 stant Tomitingand purging. 
 Violent pain in the throat, 
 tension of the epigastrium, 
 coldness of the skin and 
 feebleness of the pulse. 
 
 Irritation of the alimen- 
 tary canal; spasm; nervous 
 symptoms; paralysis either 
 partial or complete. When 
 taken for some time in 
 small quantity, violent and 
 obstinate colic; rigidity of 
 abdominal muscles, ciamps; 
 remission of pain ; obsti- 
 nate constipation, urine di- 
 minished, saliva increased ; 
 countenance anxious and 
 gloomy. If relief be not 
 promptly obtained, giddi- 
 ness, debility, torpor; coma, 
 convulsion^ and death. The 
 paralysis affects generally 
 the upper extremities. 
 
 Violent symptoms of irri- 
 tant poisoning: harsh me- 
 tallic astringenttaste: burn- 
 ing pain In the stomach; 
 vomiting and purging fre- 
 quently of bloody matter; 
 often irritation of the uri- 
 nary organs and sometimes 
 suppression; tightness and 
 burning in the throat, occa- 
 sionally so great as to pre- 
 vent speech; countenance 
 not always pale, buC some- 
 times flushed; tendency to 
 doze, stupor, convulsions 
 and death. 
 
 Those of other irritant 
 poisons. 
 
 The same as thotie from 
 other irritant poisons, and 
 a peculiar tanned appear- 
 ance of the villous coat of 
 the stomach. 
 
 Violent vomiting; astrin- 
 gent taste, burning pain in 
 the stomach; pale counte- 
 nance; cold extremities; 
 dull eyes; fluttering pulse. 
 Death seldom ensues, in 
 consequence of the emetic 
 effects. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 The salts o( gold are de' 
 composed by sulphate of 
 iron; and this has, there- 
 fore, been recommended as 
 an antidote. Inflammatory 
 symptoms to be treated on 
 general prlncij)les. 
 
 Carbonate of soda would 
 be a most excellent anti- 
 dote to either of these 
 substances. Mucilaginous 
 drinks might also be em- 
 ployed; ana particularsymp- 
 toms relieved by general 
 treatment. 
 
 Sulphate of magnesia and 
 phosphate of soda, are both 
 good antidotes for the solu- 
 ble salts of lead. Fnr the 
 solid forms, dilute sulphuric 
 acid may be.drunk. These 
 are applicable to the irri- 
 tant forms of poisoning by 
 lead. In the chronic foriq 
 or colica pictonum, purga- 
 tives and anodynes are re- 
 sorted to; venesection; and 
 external applications to re- 
 lieve the cramps. The use 
 of strychdia is recommend- 
 ed for the paralysis. 
 
 Albumen in some form 
 must be promptly adminis- 
 tered; either white of eggs 
 beaten up with water, milk, 
 or, wheat flour beaten up. 
 The inflammatory symp- 
 toms to be counteracted by 
 the usual means. Gold 
 finely mixed in dust, with 
 fine iron filings.-' 
 
 Chloride of sodium or 
 common salt immediately 
 decomposes this substance 
 and destroys its activity. 
 Antiphlogistic treatment is 
 to be employed for the in- 
 flammatory symptoms. 
 
 iWilk to be given copious- 
 ly, and the subsequent 
 treatment to be regulated 
 by the symptoms. 
 
 The vomiting may be re- 
 lieved by copious draughts 
 of warm water. Carbonate 
 of soda, administered in so- 
 lution, will decompose the 
 sulphate of zinc. Milk and 
 albumen also act as anti- 
 dotes. General principles 
 to be observed in the subse- 
 quent treatment. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 Chloride of gold is very readily de- 
 composed andtiie gold sepanitcd in 
 a n:>eta)lic state. Protosulphate of 
 iron, nitrate of silver and protochlo- 
 ride of tin, all answer this purpose. 
 The precipitated powder will be 
 found insoluble except in nitro-mu- 
 riatic acid. 
 
 Iron is recognised by a bluish- 
 black precipitate, with tincture of 
 galls; rich blue, with prussiatp of 
 potassa; arid a greenish or reddish 
 precipitate, with the free alkalies 
 or their carbonates. 
 
 Soluble salts of lead yield a white 
 precipitate with sulphates and car- 
 bonates in solution. Salts of chro- 
 mic acid and iodide of potassium 
 occasion a yellow precipitate. Sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen, a black pre- 
 cipitate. If solid, the lead may he 
 converted into a state of solution 
 by nitric acid, and the dilute solu- 
 tion be tested as above. 
 
 The free alkalies difffer in their 
 precipitates from solutions of mer- 
 cury. Potassa gives, with corrosive 
 sublimate, a yellowish one; ammo- 
 nia, a White; lime-water, an orange; 
 and sulphuretted hydropen,a black. 
 If a drop of the solution be placed on 
 a piece of gold, and touched with a 
 knife or key, the mercury will b6 re- 
 duced which amalgamates wiih the 
 gold, producing a white spot. The 
 nitrate of mercury gives a black pre- 
 cipitate with the free alkalies. All 
 the solid forms of mercury are vola- 
 tile, and may be reduced by heating 
 them in a glass tube with charcoal 
 and carbonate of soda— when the 
 metallic mercury will sublime, and 
 may be collected in a globule. 
 
 Nitrate of silver is distinguished 
 by the formation of a white preci- 
 pitate insoluble in nitric acid, with 
 chloride of sodium; agray precipitate 
 with ammonia, which is redissolved 
 in an, excess of ammonia; yellow 
 precipitate with phosphate of soda. 
 The precipitate of chloride of silver, 
 obtained by adding muriate of soda 
 to the nitrate of silver, is readily re- 
 duced, and the metaUic silver ob- 
 tained, by mixing it with dilute sul- 
 phuric acid and granulated zinc. 
 
 The chloride precipitates vegeta- 
 ble colouring matter; also albumen 
 and gelatin. The white oxide, is, 
 precipitated from its solution by free 
 alkalies; with sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen gas, a brown precipitate. 
 
 A white precipitate is thrown 
 down by the free alkalies from the 
 soluble saltsof zinc, which becomes 
 yellow when strongly heated-reco- 
 vering its white colour on cooling. 
 Sulphuretted hydrogen occasions a 
 white precipitate. 
 
POISONS 
 
 680 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 Sr.MPT0M3. 
 
 ■ Treatment. 
 
 Tests. 
 
 PHOSl'HORUS. 
 
 Symptoms of irritant poi- 
 soning; pain in the stomach 
 an(t bowels; vomiting, diar- 
 rhcea, tenderness and ten- 
 sion of the abdomen. 
 
 If taken in very coarse 
 powder, it produces irrita- 
 tion and inflammation of 
 tlie bowels. 
 
 An eihetic to be prompt- 
 ly administered; copious 
 draughts containing mag- 
 nesia in suspension; muci- 
 laginous drinlis; general 
 treatment for inflammatory 
 symptoms. 
 
 Phosphorus is known by its ready 
 inflammability, luminousness at or- 
 dinary temperatures, and alliaceous 
 odour. >' 
 
 GLASS or ENA- 
 MEL. 
 
 Large quantities of crumb 
 of bread should be eaten to 
 envelop the particles. (?) 
 An emetic of sulphate of 
 zinc should then be given, 
 and vomiting be promoted 
 by demulcent drinks. 
 
 
 11. ORGANIC POISONS. 
 
 1. VEGETABLK POISONS. 
 
 _i . 
 
 Irritant PoisoNg. 
 
 \nemoTie Pulsatilla. Wind Flower. 
 
 Arum maculatiLTJi. Wake Robin. 
 
 Bryonia dioica. Bryony. 
 
 Caladium seguinruiri. Dumbcane. • 
 
 Calla palustris. Water Arum. 
 
 CaMha. paliistris. Marsh Marigold. 
 
 Cbelidonium majus* Celandine. 
 
 Clematis vitalba. Virgin Bower. 
 
 Convolvulus jalapa. Jalap. 
 
 Convolvulu:j scammonia. Scamnion}'. 
 
 Croton iiglium. Purging Croton. 
 
 Cucuniis colocynthis. Colocynth. 
 
 Cyclamen EiLropceum, Sow Bread. 
 
 Daphne gnidium. Spurge Flax. 
 
 Daphne meiereum. Alezereon. 
 
 Delphinium staphisagria. Stavesacre. 
 
 Dioica palustns. Swamp leather wood. 
 
 EquiSetum hyemale. Scourgrass. 
 
 Euphorbia officinarum^ Euphorbium. 
 Spurge. 
 
 Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. 
 
 Hippomane mancinella, Manchiiieel. 
 
 Hura crepitans. Sand Box. 
 
 HyUrocotyle vuigat-is. Marsh Pennywort. 
 
 Jatropha curcas. Indian Nut. 
 
 Jatropha manihot. Cassada.. 
 
 Juniperus so&iTia. Savin (oil of.) 
 
 JuniperuB Virginiana. Red Cedar (oil of.) 
 
 Momordica elatermm. Squirting Cu- 
 cumber. 
 
 Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil. 
 
 Pastinax sativa. Common Parsnip. 
 
 Pedicularis palustris. Marsh Lousewort. 
 
 Phytolacca decandra. Poke. 
 
 Piper cubeba. Cubebs. 
 
 Plumbago Europma. Toothwort. 
 
 Ranunculus acris^ and other species. 
 Crowfoot. 
 
 Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander. 
 
 Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant. 
 
 Sambucus ebulus. Elder. 
 
 Sedum arre. Stone Crop, 
 
 Stalagmitis cambogioides. Gamboge. 
 
 Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy (oil of.) 
 
 ACRO-NARCOTIC. 
 
 ^thusa cynapium. Common Fool's 
 Parsley. 
 
 Aconitum napellus. Monkshood. 
 
 Agaricus, 5 species'. Mushrooms (poison- 
 ous.) 
 
 Amanita muficaria. Truffles (poisonous.) 
 
 Anagallis arvensis.^ Meadow Pimpernell. 
 
 Anda Oomesii. 
 
 Apocynum androsasmifoUum. Dogsbane. 
 
 Arlstolochia clemat/tis. Birthwort. 
 
 Arnica montana, Lenpard's bane. 
 
 Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort. 
 
 Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade. 
 
 ^sculus Oh oenais. Buckeye. 
 
 Brucea antidysent^ica. False Angus- 
 tura Bark. 
 
 Cerbera, 3 species. Cerbera. 
 
 Chaerophyllum sylvestre. Bastard Hem- 
 lock. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The general effects of this 
 class of vegetable poisons 
 are ; — an acrid pungent 
 taste, with more or less of 
 bitterness, excessive heat, 
 great dryness of the mouth 
 and throat, with sense of 
 tightness there; violent vo- 
 miting, the efforts being 
 continued even after the 
 stomach is emptied j purg- 
 ing, with great pain in the 
 stomach and bowels ; pulse 
 strong, frequent, and regu- 
 lar ; breathing often quick 
 and difficult ; appearances 
 of intoxication ; the pupil of 
 the eye frequently dilated, 
 insensibility resembling 
 death ; the pulse becomes 
 slow and loses its force, and 
 death closes the scene. 
 
 If applied externally, 
 many of them produce vio- 
 lent inflammation of the 
 skin, with vesications or 
 eruptions of pustules. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 If vomiting have been occasioned by 
 the poison, and the efforts are still con- 
 tinued, they may be rendered easier by 
 large draughts of warm water, or thin 
 gruel; but if symptoms of insensibility 
 have come on without vomiting, it 
 ought to be immediately excited by the 
 sulphate of zinc, or some other active 
 emetic substance, and after its opera- 
 tion a sharp purgative should be giyeji. 
 After as much as possible of the poison 
 is got rid of, a very strong infusion of 
 coffee, or vinegar diluted with water, 
 may be given with advantage. Cam- 
 phor mixture with ether may be taken 
 frequently.and if insensibility be con- 
 siderable, warmth, frictions, and blisters, 
 may be employed. If inflammation or 
 other dangerous consequences have been 
 induced, they are to' be treated upon ge- 
 neral principles. 
 
 The fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has 
 been lately recommended as a pow- 
 erful antidote against vegetable poi- 
 sons : it is to be used in as recent a 
 state as possible. (^?} ' 
 
 N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
 are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids 
 generally. 
 
POISONS 
 
 €81 
 
 POISONS 
 
 P0IE<0NS. 
 
 Chaillotia toxicana. BatbEvne . 
 
 Chenopodinm murale. Wormaeed. 
 
 Cicuta maculata. American Heih^ock. 
 
 Ciduta vv'OBa. '" Water Hemlock. 
 
 Cissus. Cissus. 
 
 Cocculug Indicus. Fisb berries. 
 
 Colchicum autumvale. Meadow safiVon. 
 
 Coniii,m maculatum. Hemlock. 
 
 Coriaria myrt^fblia. Myrtle-leaved Ba- 
 mach. ' 
 
 Curare. Indian War Poisoii. 
 
 Cynanchum erectutn. Cynanchum. 
 
 Cytisus laburnum. Laburnum. - 
 
 Datura stramonium. Thc^n Apple. 
 
 Digitalis purp.urea. Foxglove, 
 
 Ij}rgot. See Secale. 
 
 Ervum ervilia. Bitter Vetch. 
 
 Gaultheria procumbens. Wintergreen 
 foil of.) 
 
 Haemanthiis toxicaHus. 
 
 Helleborus niger. Black Hellebore. 
 
 Hypophyllum sanguiharia. Paddock 
 Stool. 
 
 Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Lathyrus cic^a. Laibyrus. 
 
 Lauriis camphora. Camphor. 
 
 Lobelia injlata. Indian Tobacco. 
 
 holiam temulentum. Darnel. 
 
 Melia aiederacJi. Fri(}e of China. 
 
 Mercurialts permnia. , Mountain Mer- 
 cury, v- 
 
 fieram oleander, i Common Oleander. 
 
 Nicotiana taiacum. Tobacco. 
 
 CEnanthe crocfita. Hemlock Dropwort. 
 
 Vf{a&\flora.,quadrangula,ri8. Barbadine. 
 
 Piscidia erytkrina. Jamaica Dogwood. 
 
 Polygala,»jejimoao^(of Java.) 
 
 Rlius radUavs. Poison Vine, ' 
 
 Rh\iii toxicodendron. Poison OakorSu- 
 iiiat-h. ' 
 
 Roh'itiia pseudo-acacia. Locust Tree. 
 
 Rutn grq,oeolen^, : Rue. 
 
 SanguinaiiiiCanadenifis. Blood Root. 
 
 Sciila maritiim Squill. Sea Onion. 
 
 Secale corm.Uim. Ergot. Spurred Rye, 
 Slum latifviium. Procumbent, Water 
 
 Pasnip. ' .' 
 
 Spigelia Jtfaritenrfica. Pink Root ; 
 Strychnos /^a(M. St. Ignatiua's Bean. 
 Strychnos tiux.vomica. Nux Vofrijca. 
 Symplocarpiis/flsiwZa. Sk^nk Cabbage. 
 Ticunas. Extract, of various plants- 
 South America. 
 Tieut6. UpastieutL Tree of Java: -^"^ 
 Triticum Hybernvm.. Wheat (diseased-) 
 Upas antiar. Tree in Java. 
 Verai^um album. White Hellfbore. 
 Veratrum viride. American Hellebore. 
 Woorara. Waif Poison of Guiana. 
 Zea mays. Ma^z&(diseased.) 
 
 NARCOTIC. 
 
 Actaea apicata. Baneberry. 
 Amygdalus commttm's. Bitter Almond. 
 Amygdalus Persiea. Peach, 
 Geiseminum nitidum. YelJowJepsamine. 
 Helonias erythroaperma. Fly Poison. 
 HyoBcyamus albus. White Henbane. 
 HyoBcyamusm^er. Black Henbane, 
 Kalmia la^folia. Mountain IvJ. 
 Lactuca mrosa. Strong-scented Lettuce, 
 Opium, and.its.proximate principles. 
 Pjipav^r so,mnifer am. Poppy. 
 Paris ^advifolia. Herb Paris. ' 
 
 Pruniig Caiolinia^a Wild Orange. 
 Prunus' laurQ-cerasus. Cherry Laurel. 
 Prunus nigra. Black Cherry. " 
 Prunus padus. Cluster Cherry. 
 Prunus Virginiana. Wild Cherry. 
 Solanum'^u/comara. Bitter-sweet. 
 Sorbus acuparia. Mountain Ash. 
 Taxua baccata. Yew, 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The narcotic vegetable 
 poisons, if taken into the 
 stomach or applied to a 
 wound, occasioh the follow- 
 ing effjBcts:— stupor; numb- 
 ness ; heaviness in the head; 
 desire to vomit, slight at 
 firsL, but afterwards insup- 
 portab:e> a sort of intoxi- 
 cation, stupid air, pupil of 
 the eye dilated I'fui-ious or 
 lively delirium, sometiirtes 
 pain; convulsions of difffe- 
 reht parts of the body, or 
 palsy of the limbs. The 
 pulse -is vaijable, hut at 
 first generally strong and 
 full; the breathing is quiet, 
 and there is great anxiety 
 and dejection, which, if not 
 speedily relieved, soon ends 
 in death. 
 
 TftEATMIiNT. 
 
 The stbniach to be effectually eva- 
 puated, by giving four or five grains of 
 tartar emetic, or from ten to twenty of 
 the sulphate of zinc, repeated every' 
 quarter of an l)our, till the lull effect is 
 produced. These means may be assisted 
 by tickling the thi-oat with a feather or 
 the finger. Large and strong glysters of 
 soap dissolved in water, or of salt and 
 gruel, should be speedily administered, 
 to clear the bowels, and assist in getting 
 ridof the poison; and active purgatives 
 may be given after the vomitiDg has 
 qeased. When as n!tuch as possible of 
 the poison has been expelled, the pa- 
 tient may drink, (alternately, a tea-cup- 
 ful of strong hot infusion of coffee, and 
 vinegar diluted with water. If thedrow- 
 siness, which is sometimes extreme, and 
 the insensibility bordering oh apoplexy, 
 be not remedied by these means, blood 
 may be taken from the jiigiular vein, blis- 
 ters may beap()lied to the neck ^ndlegs, 
 and the attention be routed by fcyery 
 means pnssjbte. If ;th& heat declines, 
 warmth and frictions mljst be^pefBeve- 
 ringty used. Vegetable acids are on ^nn 
 account to be given before the poison i.s 
 expeHed. and ii is desirable ^lmt but little 
 fluid of any liind should he administered, 
 
 N. B; Bromine, chlorine', and iodine 
 are said to lie antidotes to the 'alkaloids' 
 generally. 
 
 POISONOUS MTTSHROOMS. 
 
 AgnricusTJHiscan'us, Fly Agaric. 
 Agaricus pip&ratus. Pepper Agaric. 
 Agaricusnecotor, Deadly Agaric. 
 Agaricus bulbosus. Bulbous Agaric. 
 Agaricus chantarellus. Champignon. 
 
 "~~ 44 ~ 
 
 . Nausea, heat, and pain 
 in the stomach and bowels, 
 with vomiting and purging, 
 thirst; convulsions, and 
 faintings; pulse small and 
 frequent; delirium; dilated 
 
 The stomach and bowels to bo cleated 
 by an emetic of tartarized a-ntimonv, 
 followed by frequent doses oT Glaubers 
 or Epsom salt, and large, simulating 
 g ysters. After the poison is evacu3 
 ethermay be administered, with small 
 
POISONS 
 
 682 
 
 POISONS 
 
 Poisons. 
 
 STMPTOMff. 
 
 Trbatment. 
 
 
 pupil, and Eitupor; cold 
 sweats, and deatb. 
 
 Poisonous mushrooms 
 may be distinguished frorii 
 the edible by their botanical 
 characters, and by the fol- 
 lowing criteria. The for- 
 mer grow in wet, shady 
 places, have a nauseous 
 odour; are softer, more 
 open, and porous; have a 
 dirty-looking surface, some- 
 times a gaudy colour, or 
 many very distinct hues, 
 particularly if tbey have 
 been covered with ^n enve- 
 lope; they have soft, bul- 
 bous stalfes, grow rapidly, 
 and corrupt very .quickly. 
 
 quantities of brandy and water; but if 
 inflammatory syraptomsmanilest them- 
 selves, such stimuli should be omitted, 
 and other appropriate meaus be hadre- 
 course to. 
 
 2. ANIMAL POISONS. 
 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 
 POISONOUS FISH. , 
 Balistes monoceros. Old Wife^ 
 Cancer dstacvs. Crawfish. - 
 Cancer ruricolus. ■ Land Crab. 
 Ciupea thryssi^. ' Vellow-biMed Sprat. 
 Coracirius/KscMs major, Gfay Snapper. 
 Coracinus minor. Hyne. 
 Coryphoena splendens. Dolphin. 
 Mormyra. Blue Parrot Fish. 
 M'lirsn'a major. Conger Eel. 
 Mytilus edulis. Mussel. 
 Ostiacion globettum. Smooth Bottle Fish. 
 Perca major.' Barracuda. 
 Perca venenosa. Grooper. 
 Perca venenata. Rock Fish. 
 Physalia. Portuguese Man of War. 
 Scomber aerulcus. Spanish Mackerel. 
 Scomber TOdii/aiis. King Fish. 
 Scomber thynnus. Bonetta. 
 Sparus chrysops. Porgee. 
 Tetrodon sceleratus. Tunny. 
 Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower. 
 
 In an hour or two, or 
 often in a much shorter 
 time, after the fish has 
 been eaten, a weight at tiie 
 stomach comes on, with 
 slight vertigoand headache, 
 sense of heat about the 
 head and eyes, considerable 
 thirst, and often an erup- 
 tion of the skin, (urticaria,) 
 and in many cases death. 
 
 n 
 
 A sharp pain in the 
 wounded part, which soon 
 extends over the limb or 
 body; great swelling, at 
 first hard and pale, then 
 reddish, livid, and gangre- 
 nous in appearance : fainl- 
 ing.^, vomitings, •convul- 
 sions, and sometimes jaun- 
 dice; pulfe small, frequent, 
 and irregular; breathing 
 difficult, cold sweats, the 
 sight fails, and the intellec- 
 tual faculties are deranged. 
 Inflammation, and often ex- 
 tensive suppuration andgan- 
 grene, followed by death. 
 
 An emetic should be speedily admi 
 nistered, or, in the absence of it, vomit 
 ing may be excited, by tickling the 
 throat with the finger, and takine large 
 draughts of warm water. After full vo 
 miting, an active purgative should be 
 given, to remove any of the noxious 
 matter that may have found its way 
 into the intestines: Vinegar and water 
 maybe drunk after the above remedies 
 have operated, and the body may, be 
 sponged with the same. Water, made 
 very sweet with sugar, to which ether 
 may be added, may be drunk freely as a 
 corrective, and a very weak solution oi 
 alkali has been recommended to obviate 
 the edicts of the poison.. If spasm 
 ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in 
 considerable doses, is necessary. If in- 
 flammation should occur, the usual 
 means of removing it must be em- 
 ployed. 
 
 
 POISONOUS SERPENTS. 
 Boa crotaloides. Copperhead. 
 Cenchus mockeson. Mockeson. 
 Coluber berus. Viper. 
 Colubrrpr^sie-r. Black Viper. 
 Crotalus, (5 species.) Rattle Snake. 
 Scytale piscivams. Water Viper. 
 
 A cupping-glass to be applied oyer 
 the wound, or a moderately tight liga- 
 ture above the bites, and the wound 
 left to bleed after being well washed 
 with warm water; the actual cautery, 
 lunar caustic, or butter of antimony, to 
 be then applied freely to it, and after- 
 wards covered with lint, dipped in equal 
 parts of olive oil and spirit of hartshorn. 
 The ligature to be removed if the in- 
 flammation be considerable. Warm, 
 diluting drinks, and small doses of am- 
 monia or hartshorn to cause perspira- 
 tion; the patient' to be well covered in 
 bed, and a little warm wine given oc- 
 casionally. If gangrene be threatened, 
 wine may be given more freely, and the 
 bark should be had recourse to. Arsenic, 
 the principal ingredient in ihe'Tdnjoro 
 Pill, has been strongly recommended. 
 
 
 CANTHARId VESICATORIA. 
 Spanish, or Blistering Fly. 
 Lytta vittata Potato Ely. 
 
 Nauseous odour of the 
 breath ; acrid taste ; burn- 
 ing heat in the throat, sto- 
 mach, and abdomen ; fre- 
 quent vomitings, often 
 bloody with copious bloody 
 stools; excruciating pain in 
 the stomach ; painful and 
 obsiinate priapism, with 
 heat in the bladder, and 
 strangury or retention of 
 urine ; frightful convul- 
 sions, delirium and death. 
 
 Vomiting to be excited by drinking 
 sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin- 
 seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys- 
 ters should be administered, and if 
 symptoms of inflammation of the .sto- 
 mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, 
 they must be subdued by appropriate 
 treatment. 
 
 Camphor dissolved in oil may be rubbed 
 over the belly and on the thighs. 
 
 
 VENOMOUS INSECTS. 
 Tarantula. 
 Scorpio. Scorpion. 
 Vespa crahro. Hornet. 
 \eap^ vulgaris. Wasp. 
 Apis mellijica. Bee.. 
 Culex pipiena. Gnat. 
 CEstrue bonis.' Gad-fly. 
 
 
 In general, the sting of 
 these insects occasions only 
 a slight degree of pain and 
 swelling; but occasionally 
 the symptoms are more vio- 
 lent, and sickness and fever 
 are produced by the inten- 
 sity of the pain. 
 
 Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on the 
 affected part, and a piece of lag, mois- 
 tened in the same, or in salt and water, 
 may be kept upon it till the pain is re- 
 moved. A few drops of hartshorn maybe 
 given frequently in a little water, and a 
 glassortwoof wine maybe taken. The 
 sting may, in general, be removed by 
 making strong pressure around it with 
 the baiTel of a small watch-key. 
 
 
POISONS 
 
 683 
 
 POLITOBIOTHERAPIA 
 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 Treatment. 
 
 SAUVAOF THE RABID DOG.. 
 
 At an uncertain interval 
 after tlie bite, generally, 
 however, between the 
 twentieth day and three or 
 four months, pain or unea- 
 siness occurs in the bitten 
 part, though - the wound 
 may have been long healed. 
 Anxiety, uneasiness, lan- 
 guor, spasms, ^orror, dis- 
 turbed sleep, diftcult respi- 
 ration succeed, and are 
 soon very much increased ; 
 violent convulsions affect 
 the whole body, hideously 
 distorting the muscles of 
 the face ; the eyes are red 
 and protruded, the tongue 
 swells and often hangs out, 
 and viscid saliva flows from 
 the-mouth,-- there is pain in 
 the stomach,, with bilious 
 voniitings,a horror of duids, 
 and impossihilily of drinli- 
 ingthem. All these symp- 
 toms are aggravated till the 
 sufferer is relieved by death. 
 
 Hydrophobia is more easily prevented 
 than cured; indeed it is doubted whe- 
 ther it ever has been cured. Mercury, 
 arsenic, opium, musk, camphor, acids, 
 wine, vegetable and mineral alkali, x)il, 
 various herbs, and many other reme- 
 dies whose effects are quite opposite, 
 have been employed, t)ut none can be 
 relied on. Large Tilood-lettings, the 
 warm and cold bath, and almost every 
 other remedial agent, have been tried 
 without success. 
 
 "The bitten part should be completely 
 cut out,, even after it has healed, if the 
 symptoms have not yet come on ; the 
 part should then be immersed in warm 
 water, or be washed with it as long as it 
 will bleed, and after the most perse- 
 vering ablulidn, caustic should be ap- 
 plied to every part of the surface, and 
 then the wound covered with a poul- 
 tice, and suffered to heal by granula- 
 tions. 
 
 No milder discipline can ensure 
 safety^ 
 
 The most energetic poisons are used thera- 
 peutically; and often with considerable advan- 
 tage. They have, of coarse, to be administered 
 in extremely small doses; to avoid producing 
 poisoning. 
 
 I'oisoN, Arrow, see Arrow poison — p. |Sau- 
 sage, Allantotoxicum. 
 
 PQISONrBERRY TREE, Melia azedarach 
 — p. Italian, Liquor arsenicalis — p. Morbid, Vi- 
 rus — ^p. Oak, Rhus toxicodendron — p. Root, Ci- 
 cuta maculata — p. Vegetable, Upas— p. Vine, 
 Rhus radicans. 
 
 POIS'ONING, Venefic"ium, Toxica' tid, In- 
 toxica'tio, Entoxis'mus, Entoxicis'mus, Phar- 
 macd'a, Malefic"ium, (F.) Empoisonnement, 
 Intoxication. The art of applying a poisonous 
 substance to any of the textures in a dose ca- 
 pable of occasioning more or less serious symp- 
 toms. Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy-. 
 sician, in treating any fcase, employs a delete- 
 rious medicine in a small dose, which, owing to 
 particular circumstances, produces unpleasant 
 symptoms, he may be said to have poisoned. 
 The term is, however, generally restricted to 
 poisoning by design. 
 
 Poisoning has also been used, by a few, to 
 denote the series of symptoms resembling those 
 produced by certain poisons, which occasion- 
 ally follow the use of substances that are ge- 
 nerally innoxious. Overloading the' stomach 
 with indigestible food, has, for example, given 
 occasion to symptoms resembling those pro- 
 duced by a narcotic poison, and the effect has 
 been termed poisoning. 
 
 Secret poiso7iing was, -at one' time,' practised 
 as an art. It consisted in administering medi- 
 cines, which should act as slow poisons, and 
 gradually undermine the strength and life. Its 
 agency was far from being so extensive as was 
 imagined. 
 
 POI'SONOUS, Tox'ical, Nox'ius; having 
 the qualities of a poison, 
 
 POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. narcoti- 
 co-acrid— p. Corrosive, P. acVid— p. Escharotic, 
 P. acrid— p. Irritating, P. acrid— p. Putrescent, 
 J*, septic. 
 
 POITRTNAIRE, Phthisicus. 
 
 POITRINE,.ThoTa-x. 
 
 POIVRE D>EAU, Polygonum hydropiper— 
 p. de Guinee, Capsicum annuum — p, d'Inde, 
 Capsicum annuum — p. de Jamaique,. see Myr- 
 tus pimenta — p. Long, Piper longum — p. Noir, 
 Piper nigrum — p. Petit, Vitex — p. a Qiieue, 
 Piper cubeba — p. Sauvage, Vitex. 
 
 POIX BLANCHE, see Pinus abie.s— ;i. de 
 Bourgoyne, see Pinus abies — p. Grasse, see Pi- 
 nus abies — p. JaKne,see Pinus abies — p. Mine- 
 rale, Pissasphaltum-^j). Navale, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris — p. Noire, see pinus sylvestris. 
 
 POKE, Phytolacca decandra^p, Indian, Ve- 
 ratrum viride — p. Stink, Dracontium foetidum — 
 p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride. 
 
 POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy 
 weed, Stin/cweed, Wormtoeed, Clammy Mus- 
 tard, False mustard. An indigenous plant, 
 Nat. Ord. Capparideas; Sex. Syst. Dodecandria 
 Monogynia — which blossoms in summer, and is 
 found in every part of North America. To the 
 whole plant have been aspribed anthelmintic 
 properties. 
 
 POLECAT WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
 
 POLENTA, Alphiton. 
 
 POLET MOUNTAIN OF CANDY, Teu- 
 crium Creticum— p. Jlountainof Montpellier, 
 Teucrium capitatum. 
 
 POLIATER, from mXic, 'a town,' and 
 MTgoc, ' a physician.' A physician exercising 
 his profession in a towii, by the appointment of 
 the government. — Castelli. 
 
 POLICE', MEDICAL, Politi'amed'ica,Fo- 
 litohiotherapi'a, Mediei'na polit'ica. State med'- 
 icine, PoUt'ical med'ic-ine. Hygienic rules es- 
 tablished, or to be established, for the preven- 
 tion of disease, and to contribute to the pror 
 gress of medicine. The salubrity of districts, 
 especially during the existence of spreading dis- 
 ease, is greatly ensured by an efficient medical 
 police. 
 
 POLICLIN'ICA, from !ro\ic, ' a town,' and 
 K^/H), 'a bed.' Treatment of diseases in a 
 town. 
 
 POLIO'SIS, Tricho'sis polio' sis, Spilo'sis 
 poHo'sis, Canir'ies. Hair prematurely gray or 
 hoary. The state of becoming gray. 
 
 POLITIA MEDICA, Police, medical. 
 
 POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medical. 
 
FOLIUM CRETICUM 
 
 684 
 
 POLYGONUM AVICULARE 
 
 FOLIUM CRETICUM, Teucrium Creti- 
 cum — p. Montanum, Teucrium capitatum. 
 
 fOLLEXj An'ticheir, From'anus^ Dig"itus 
 primus seu Tnagnus, from poll^re, ' to have 
 much strength.' (F.) Pouce. The first of the 
 fingers in size and strength. It is asserted, 
 that the term poltroon is derived from Fol'licE 
 trunca'to ; — ^the Romans who were desirous of 
 being exempted from military service heing 
 accustomed to cut off the thumb, and thus ren- 
 der themselves unfit to handle arms. 
 
 PoLLEX, see Digitus. 
 
 PoLLEX VsDis, Hidlus ^Hallux. The great toe. 
 
 POLLINC'TOR, Pollinc'ter, (L.) In anti- 
 quity, an anointer, dresser, or embalmer of the 
 dead. 
 
 POLLINCTURA, Embalming. 
 
 POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia. 
 
 POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from polluo, ' I pro- 
 fane.' The excretion of the seminal liquor or 
 sperm at other times than during coition. 
 When occasioned by a voluntary act, it is call- 
 ed simply Pollution or Masturbation; when 
 excited during sleep, by lascivious dreams, it 
 takes the name Nocturnal pollution, Exoneiro'- 
 siS) Oneirog'Tnos, Oneirog'onos^ Ofieirogonor- 
 rhm'a^ Exoneirog'mus , Spermatoclem^Thd, Spe^- 
 matoclep'sis, Spermaiolep'sis, Spermatolip'sisy 
 Gonorrhaa dormien'tium^ G. oneirog'onosy G. 
 vera, G. libidino'sa, Projli^ 'vium Sem'inis, 
 Spermatorrha'a, Paronir'ia salaX, Night pol- 
 lution, (E.) Pollution involontaire. 
 
 POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollu- 
 tion — p. Nocturnal, Pollution — p. Self, Mastur- 
 bation — p. Voluntary, Masturbation. 
 
 POLY, Polys, sroxuc, ' many, full.' Hence : 
 
 POLY^MIA, Plethora. 
 
 POLYiEMIC, Plethoric. 
 
 POLYiEMICUS, Plethoric. 
 
 POLYANHjEMIA, Aniemia. 
 
 POLYANHemiE, Anemia. 
 
 POLYANTH'ES TUBERO'SA, Amaruca- 
 chu. The root is cut into slips and laid upon the 
 bites of serpents by the Peruvian Indians. 
 
 POLYBLEN'NIA, from reoAuc, ' much,' and 
 jS/l«i'i'K, ' mucus.' Excessive secretion of mucus. 
 
 POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex. 
 
 POLYCARP'^, from ^oXut, 'many,' and 
 xct^no!, 'fruit.' A division of cutaneous dis- 
 eases of the family Eczematosen, of Fuchs, in- 
 cluding Psoriasis, Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo. 
 
 POLY'CERAS, from woXvt, 'many,' and 
 xs5«f, 'horn.' A monstrous animal having 
 many horns. — Gurlt. 
 
 POLYCHO'LIA, Pericho'lia, Hypercho'lia, 
 from nolut, ' much,' and ;koJi), ' bile.' Super- 
 abundance of bile f such as is supposed to exist 
 in bilious fevers. 
 
 POLYCHREST'US, from yoivt, ' much,' and 
 ;^-{?)<rT(!!, 'useful.' Having many virtues. An 
 ancient name for certairi medicines considered 
 to be useful in many diseases. 
 
 POLYCHRONIUS, Chronic. 
 
 POLYCHY'LIA, from ttoXvc, 'much,' and 
 o^uJot, 'juice.' Folychy'mia. Fulness of juices. 
 
 POLYCHYMIA, Polychylia— p. Sanguinea, 
 Plethora. 
 
 POLYCLIN'ICA, from tcoIu,, 'much,' and 
 n. i/iD, ' bed.' Provided with many beds ; — as an 
 hospital. 
 
 POLYCOR'IA, from n^vt, and xoqt), ' the 
 pupil.' The state in which there is more than 
 one pupil. — Von Ammon. 
 
 POLYCYE'SIA, Polycye'sis, from noJuc, 
 ' many,' and xuiiiric, ' pregnancy.' Frequent or 
 quickly recurring pregnancies. Also, com- 
 pound pregnancy. 
 
 POLYDAC'TYLUS, Perissodac'tylus, from - 
 TcaXxji, ' many,' and ScultuXik, ' a finger.' One who 
 has a supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes. 
 POLYDIP'SIA, from 7tox"c, 'much,' and 
 i^i^tj, 'thirst;' Sitis m.drbo'saseu inten'sa,Poly' 
 po'sia, Dipso'sis avens. Excessive thirst, (F.) 
 Soif .excessive. A constant desire for drinking, 
 with a sense of dryness in the mouth and throat. 
 It is mostly symptomatic of fever, inflamma- 
 tion, dropsy, excessive discharges^ &c., and is 
 so much a part of diabetes, that it has been 
 called Polydipsia. 
 
 POLYG'ALA, from reoiuc, 'much,' and yaXa, 
 'milk;' P. vulgaris, Common Milkwort. .Fa- 
 OTJ/j, Rhinanthoideae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia 
 Octandria. The leaves are bitter, and are used 
 in the same cases as the polygala amara. 
 
 Polygala Amaea, Bitter Milkwort. A pow- 
 erful bitter ; and, consequently, tonic. Its re- 
 puted virtues are balsamic, demulcent, and cor- 
 roborant. The Polygala rubel'la, or Bitter Poly- 
 gala of the United States, has the same virtues. 
 Polygala, Bitter, see P. amara. 
 Polyg'ala Sen'ega, Sen'eka, Rattlesnake 
 Milkwort, Senega or liattles7iake root, Polygala 
 Vlrginia'na, (F.) Polygale de Yirginie 6u de 
 Seneka. The bark is the active part of the root. 
 Its taste is at first acrid, and afterwards very 
 hot and pungent. It was once esteemed to be 
 specific against the poison of the rattlesnake 
 and in pleurisy, pneumonia, &c., after the in- 
 flammatory action had been got under. It has 
 been given also in humoral asthma, chronic 
 rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amenorrhoea, &c. 
 According to Peschier, it contains three par- 
 ticular principles, Pol'ygaline or Sen'egine, 
 Isolhisine, and Polyg'alie Acid. Dose, gr. 30 
 to 40 of the powder. 
 
 Polyg'ala Paucipo'lia, Triclisper'ma gran- 
 diflo'ra. Dwarf Milkwort, Little Pollom, Ever- 
 green Snakeroot, (F.) Polygale naine, possesses 
 the same properties as P. Senega. 
 Polygala Vieginiaha, P. senega. 
 POLYGALACTIA, Polyga'Ha, from voXvc, 
 ' much,' and yaJ«, ' milk.' Superabundant se- 
 cretion of milk; galactia. 
 
 POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia 
 — p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana. 
 POLYGALIA, Polygalactia. 
 POLTGALINE, see Polygala senega. 
 POLYGON ATUM, Convallaria polygona- 
 tum^p. Multiflorum, Convallaria multiflora — 
 p. Uniflorum, Convallaria polygonatum. 
 
 POLYG'ONUM AVieULA'RE,from ttoXvi, 
 ' much,' and yo^ri, ' seed.' Centino'dia, Centum- 
 no'dia. Knot-grass, Knot-weed, Bindweed, San- 
 guina'lis Corrig"idla,{¥ .)^Renouee, Trainasse, 
 Centinode. Family, PolygoneiE. Sex. Syst. 
 Octandria Trigynia. This grass is said to be 
 a feeble astringent. 
 
 Polygonum Bistor'ta, Bistorta, Offic"inal 
 Bistort, Great Bistort or Snakeweed. The root 
 is a powerful astringent and tonic; and, as 
 such, has been used in internal hemorrhage, 
 atonic diarrhaa, ague, &c. Dose, gr. xv to |5J. 
 Polygonum Divaeica'tum ; — the Eastern 
 Buckwheat plant. The roots, reduced to a 
 coarse meal, are said to be much used as an 
 article of diet by the Siberians. 
 
POLTGROMA 
 
 Polygonum FaUop'yktjm, — Fagop'yrum, 
 Buckwheat, Trit'ieiem Fagi'num, {Y.)Sarrasi7i, 
 BUnoir. The grain of this plant constitutes 
 a principal article of food with the inhabitants 
 of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland. It is 
 much used in the United States. 
 
 Polygonum Hydkop'ipeb, Hydropiper, Per- 
 sicdria urens, Mercu'rius terres'tris. Poor 
 Man's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Lakeioeed, 
 Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau. The leaves 
 of this plant have an acrid, burning taste, and 
 resemble those of the arum. They have been 
 recommended as possessing antiseptic, aperient, 
 and diuretic virtues. The fresh leaves have, 
 been applied externally as a stimulating cata- 
 plasm. 
 
 Polygonum Hydrosiperoides, P. puncta- 
 tum. 
 
 Polygonum Persioa'kia,, Persicaria, Persi- 
 caria irdtis, Plumha'go, Arse-smart, (F.) Persi- 
 eaire douce. This plant is said to possess vul- 
 nerary and antiseptic qualities. It has been 
 given in wine to arrest gangrene. 
 
 Polygonum Puhcta'tum, P. hydropiperoV- 
 des. Water pepper of America, Smartweed, pos- 
 sesses similar properties to Polygonum hydropi- 
 per, and is occasionally used internally in gra- 
 vel, and externally in chronic ulcers. . A flui- 
 drachra of the saturated tincture has been ex- 
 tolled in amenorrhoea. 
 
 POLYGROMA, Staphyloma. 
 
 POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria, Polyidro'sis, 
 from nolug, ' mueh,' and 'lifas, ' sweat.' Ex- 
 cessive sweating. 
 
 POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops. 
 
 POLYHYPERHjEMIA, Plethora. 
 
 POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria. 
 
 POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca. 
 
 POLYMASTH'US, from mi<j(, < many,' and 
 (lair^of, ' breast.' A monster having several 
 breasts. — Gurlt. 
 
 POLYMERIA, Polymerismus— p. Promis- 
 cua translativa, Transposition of the viscera. 
 
 POLYMERIS'MUS, Polyme'ria, froma-oxuc, 
 ' much,' and ^iqofi ' a part.' A monstrosity, 
 which consists in the existence of supernume- 
 rary organs; as a sixth finger of the hand. 
 
 POLYNEURON, Plahtago.. 
 
 POLYOP'SIA, Pol'yopy,{xom noXv!, 'much,' 
 and 01/"!) ' sight.' Vision is so called, when 
 multiple. 
 
 POLYOPY, Polyopsia. 
 
 POLYOREX'IA, from jraXvg, ' much,' and 
 optlic, 'appetite.' Excessive appetite or hunger. 
 A genus in the gastroses of M. Alibert. 
 
 POLYPE'RIA, from ttoIus, 'much,' and s-»- 
 gos, ' mutilated.' Congenital misconstruction 
 of various parts or organs. — Good. 
 
 POLYPHA'GIA, Mmltivoran'tia,Siom tiom;, 
 ' much,' and qntym, ' I eat.' Voracity. Faculty 
 of digesting many kinds of food. See Bouli- 
 mia. 
 
 POLYPHARMACI'A, Polypharm'aey ; from 
 TTo/lu;, 'much,' and <fccQfiit\ov , 'a medicine.' 
 The prescribing of too many medicines. A 
 prescription, consisting of a number of medi- 
 cines; hence the name Poly phar'macus, given 
 to one who is in the habit of prescribing a 
 number of medicines, and whose prescriptions 
 are loaded with ingredients. The term is 
 taken in bad part. 
 
 POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence. 
 
 685 POLYPUS 
 
 POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Poly- 
 pus. 
 
 POLYPIONIA, see Polysarcia—p. Infantum, 
 see Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYPLAS'TIC, Polyplas'ticus, from no- 
 KU(, ' much,? and nhaa-a-m, ' I form.' That 
 which has many shapes. 
 
 Po.LYPLASTic Element, in histology, is one 
 
 which does not retain its primary shape; but 
 
 undergoes transformation into others. — Gerber. 
 
 POLYPODI'TES. Wine impregnated with 
 
 polypody. 
 
 POLYPODIUM CALAGUALA, Calagualse 
 radix — p. Filixfcemina, Asplenium filix fcemina. 
 PoLYPo'muM FiLix ,Mas, Aspid'ium Filix 
 Mas, Pteris, Athyr'ium Filix Mas, Blechnon, 
 Polyrrhi'zon, Blancnon Oriba'sii, Lonchi'tis, 
 Filic'ula, Male Polypody or Fern, Filix mas, 
 Nephro'dium erena'tum, N. Filix mas, (F.) 
 Foughe male. Nat. Ord. Filices. Sex. Syst. 
 Cryptogamia Filices. The rhizoma of this 
 plant hp.s been much extolled as an anthelmin- 
 tic, and in cases of tsenia. It was the basis of 
 a once celebrated remedy. — Madame Nouffer's, 
 but, perhaps, more of the efficacy was to be at- 
 tributed to the active purgatives by which it 
 was followed than to the fern. Dose, gij to 
 3iij oif the powdered solid part of the toot; 
 followed in the morning by a strong cathartic 
 of camboge or jalap. An ethereal extract has 
 been proposed by Dr. Peschier, of Geneva. 
 
 Polypo'dium Vulga'ee, Common Pol'ypody; 
 Fern root. Rock Brake, Brake root. This fern 
 grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, &c., in both 
 hemispheres. It was formerly regarded as a 
 cholagogue, and was given in head diseases. It 
 is not used now. 
 
 POLYPODY, MALE, Polypodium filix mas 
 — p. Common, Polypodium vulgare. 
 
 POL'YPOID, Polypo'i'des; from polypus, and 
 eiiot, 'form.' Having the shape of, or resem- 
 bling, a'polypus. , 
 
 POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS, Boletus la- 
 ricis. 
 
 POLYPO'SIA, TcoXurroa-igi, from volvs, 
 'much,' a,nd ■tna-ie, 'drink.' Great thirst — 
 desire for drink. Polydipsia. 
 
 FOh'YPVSjPseudometamorpho'sispBlypo'sa, 
 froma-oii/c, 'manyj'anSjrouc, 'afoot.' A name 
 given to tumours, which occur in mucous mem- 
 branes especially ; and which have been com- 
 pared to certain zoophytes. Polypi may form 
 on every mucous membrane. They are most 
 commonly observed in the nasal fossae, pharynx, 
 and uterus ; inore rarely in the stomach'; intes- 
 tines, bronchial tubes, bladder, and meatus 
 auditorius externus. They vary much in size, 
 number, mode of adhesion, and intimate nature. 
 Accordingly, they have received various appel- 
 lations ; mucous, ' soft, vesic'ular, when their 
 substance has been soft, spongy, vesicular, and, 
 as it were, gorged with fluid. Others have been 
 called hard; and these have been distinguished 
 into^5?'OW5 cs fleshy , and into scirrhous or can- 
 ceroiis. Fibrous polypi, Pol'ypi flhro'si, Ino- 
 polypi, are of a dense, compact texture, and 
 whitish colour. They contain few vessels, and 
 do not degenerate into cancer. The scirrhous 
 or careinom' atous are true cancerous tumours, 
 painful and bleeding. They present all the pa- 
 thological changes which belong to cancerous 
 affections, and the prognosis is of course unl'a- 
 vourable. 
 
POLYRRHIZON 
 
 686 
 
 POMME 
 
 The mode of treating polypi must differ ac- 
 cording to their character. The means used 
 to destroy them have been, 1. To subject them 
 to the action of certain astringent powders or 
 solutions, to obtain their resolution. 2. Caute- 
 rization or the application of the actual cautery 
 or caustics. 3. Excision or ablation with a cut- 
 ting instrument. 4. Extirpation with the fin- 
 gers or with the polypus forceps. 5. A liga- 
 ture, put round them so as to prevent their nu- 
 trition. A seton has, also, been sometimes used 
 to gradually destroy the pedicle. 
 
 The term Polt?pi, Pseudopol'ypi, Cardi'tis 
 polypo'sa, PoVypiform Concre'tions, (F.) Con- 
 cretions polypeuses ou polypiformes ou san- 
 guines du Cceur, Hemocardioplasties, (Piorry,) 
 has likewise been applied to collections of 
 blood — fibrinous concretions — found in the heart 
 or great vessels after dissolution. These were 
 once, erroneously, regarded as morbid. The 
 presence of these concretions may be suspected, 
 When in the course of an acute or chronic affec- 
 tion of the heart, or at the close of chronic 
 diseases in general — especially those of the 
 lungs — the heart's action becomes suddenly tu- 
 multuous, obscure, and accompanied with a 
 soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general symp- 
 toms indicate the effects of obstructed circu- 
 lation. The right cavities are most frequently 
 affected. 
 
 Pol'ypus Bronchia'lis, Bronchlemmi'tis, 
 Bronchi'tis membrana'cea, B . plastic, Bronchial 
 Croup, Chronic Croup{?^ Pseudo-Tnetn'branous 
 Bronchitis. A membraniform secretion in the 
 bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character, 
 having the shape, when expectorated, of the 
 bronchia. It is the result of inflammation of 
 the lining membrane of those tubes. 
 
 Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma — p. Fibrosus, 
 see Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolypus. 
 
 POLYRRHIZON, Folypodium filix mas. 
 
 POLYRRHCEA, Profluvlum. 
 
 POLYSAR'CIA, Polysarco'sis, from noWi, 
 ' much,' and o-aj f , ' flesh.' Carnos'itas, Poly- 
 soma'tia, Adelipa'Ha, Corpulen'tia, Steati'tes, 
 Excessive corpulency. Authors have distin- 
 guished two varieties of this: — Polysarcia 
 Caeno'sa, Cor'pulency, and P. Ampo'sA, Poly- 
 pio',nia,Pi7n§lo' sis nim'iajPachys^7nv.SyPachyn'- 
 sis, Obes'ity, Obes'itas, Hyperpim' ele, lA'pa'- 
 ria, Adipo' sis, Poly sar' cia fagino'sa, Empyme'- 
 liwm polysar'cia,- BarysoTn'ia, BarysomatHca, 
 liipo'sis, lApar'ot'es, Lipas'ma, (F.) Obesite, 
 Embonpoint cxcessif. A severe regimen and 
 exercise are the best preventives. Children 
 are occasionally met with of unusual fatness, 
 in spite of every care. This morbid deposition 
 has been termed Polypio'nia infan'tum, and 
 Chloro'sis gigante'a, 
 
 Polysarcia Visoerum, Physconia adiposa. 
 
 POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYSIA'LIA; from TroJvi/f, 'much,' and 
 aiaxti, 'saliva.' Excessive discharge of saliva. 
 
 POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia. 
 
 POLYSPASTON, from nolui, ' much,' and 
 0T«a, 'I draw.' A powerful instrument for re- 
 dacing luxations. — Gonseus. 
 
 POLYSPER'MIA ; from noMf, ' much,' and 
 <r,riQ/i<i, ' sperm.' Richness or fulness of sperm. 
 
 POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see Worms 
 — p. Venarum, see Worms. 
 
 POLTTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
 
 POLYT'RICHUM, from tio^^v;, 'much,' and 
 
 •SgiS, ' hair.' Polyt'ricon, Polyt'richum vulga'- 
 re, Adian'thum au'reum. Golden Maiden-hair, 
 (F.) Perce-mousse. It is possessed of astringent 
 properties, and was formerly given in diseases 
 of the lungs, and in calculous affections. 
 
 FOLYTRICUM COMMUNE, Asplenium, 
 trichomanoides, ' 
 
 POLYTROPH'IA, from mlus, 'much,' and 
 T§e<i><u, ' I nourish.' Abundant or excessive nu- 
 trition. \ 
 
 POLYURESIS, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYURIA, Diabetes. 
 
 POLYD'RICUS, from irawi, 'much,' and 
 nugor, ' urine.' Sauvages calls — Ischuria poly- 
 urica — a kind of ischuria, caused by accumula- 
 tion of urine in the bladder. 
 
 POMA, Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au- 
 rantium. 
 
 POMACEUM, Cider. 
 
 POMA'TUM, Pomma'tum, (F.) Pommade, 
 Liparole. A pharmaceutical preparation, em- 
 ployed only externally ; which differs but little 
 from an ointment, except in having generally 
 less consistence. Tt is usually made aromatic, 
 and coloured to render it more agreeable. 
 
 Commion Pomatum is made of lard, ISSs; 
 suet, 416s; essence, §viij. 
 
 Pomatum ad Labia Demuloehda, Cerate for 
 the lips — p. Epispasticum flavum, TJnguentunl 
 lyttae medicatum aliud — p. Epispasticum viride, 
 &c., Unguentum lyttse medicatum — p. for the 
 Lips, Cerate for the lips — p. Nitricum vel oxy- 
 genatum, Unguentum acidi nittosi — p. Saturni, 
 Unguentum plumbi superacetatis. 
 
 POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum. 
 
 POMILIUS, see Nanus. 
 
 POMMADE, V&aa.X.um—p. d'Aiyon, Un- 
 guentum acidi nitrosi — p. Antipsorique de Jas- 
 ser, Unguentum sulphuris compositnm — p. 
 d' Autenrieth, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati 
 . — p. de Cyrillo, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri 
 oxygenate medicatus: — p. Apispastique jaune, 
 Unguentum lyttse medicatum aliud^-j>. £pis- 
 pastique verte, Unguentum lyttse medicatum-»-jp. 
 de Garou, Unguentum epispasticum de daphne 
 gnidio. 
 
 POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammo- 
 niacale de Go7idret.(¥.), Gondret's Counter- 
 irritant, Gondret's anrvmoniacal Caustic, hiq. 
 ammon. p. ij; Sevi, p. j ; Ol. amygdal. p. j; M. 
 Used to excite a speedy revulsion in cases of 
 chronic affections of the brain, incipient cata- 
 ract, amaurosis, &c., as well as to cauterize the 
 integuments deeply. 
 
 The above formula, is that of the French Co- 
 dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much 
 too hard for use, unless the weather is warm. 
 He proposes two formulce, one for summer, the 
 other for winter. In the former he directs 
 three parts of lard,. one of suet, and four of li- 
 quor amm,onia,; in the latter, equal parts of lard 
 and liquor ammonia. 
 
 POMMADE POUR LES ££Fffi£S,Cerate 
 for the lips — p. Ophtkalmique (Regent's,) Un- 
 guentum ophthalmicum — p. Oxygenee. Un- 
 guentum acidi nitrosi — p. Stibiee, Unguentum 
 antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 POMME, see Pytus malus— p. d'Adam, 
 Pomum Adami — p. d'^Amour, Solahumlycpper- 
 sicum — p. Apineuse, Datura stramonium — p. 
 de Merveille, Momordica balsamica — p. Mous- 
 seuse, Bedegar — p. de Terre, Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
POMIMES HiMORRHOIDALES 687 
 
 PORCUPINE DISEASE 
 
 POMMES HEMORRHOIDALS S, see 
 Viscum album. 
 
 POMMETTE, see Malae os. 
 
 POMMIER, Pyrus malus. 
 
 POMPH'OLYX, from a-.^^ot, 'a bladder.' 
 A small vesicle on the skin. An eruption of 
 bulla or blebs, appearing without any inflam- 
 mation around them, and without fever. It is 
 the Eephlysis Pompholyx of Good. See Pem- 
 phigus. 
 
 PoMPHOLYX, Tutia, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 POMPION, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 POiMUM ADA'MI, (F.) Pomme d'Adam, 
 Adam's Apple. The projection formed by the 
 thyroid cartilage in the neck — of males par- 
 ticularly." It is so called from a notion that 
 it was caused by the apple sticking in the 
 throat of our first parent. 
 
 PoMuM Amobis, Testicle-^p. Hierosolymi- 
 tanum, Momordica balsamina — p. Melongens, 
 see Solanum melongena — p. Mirabile, Momor- 
 dica Balsamina— p. Spinosum, Datura stramo- 
 nium. 
 
 PONOTION, Puncturing. 
 
 POND SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 PONDERA ET MENSURiE, Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 PONDUS PHARMACEUTICUM, see 
 Weights and Measures. 
 
 PONGITIV, Pungent. 
 
 PONS CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii— p. He- 
 patis, see Lobuhs anonymns — p. Sylvii, Quad- 
 rigemina Tuberctla — p. Tarini, Tarini pons. 
 
 Pj)NS Vako'lii, PoMi Cerebel'lijCorpus annu- 
 la'rS, Procss'siis mnularis, Prominen'tia an- 
 niila'ris cir'ebri, Eninen'tia anniilaris, Vaio'- 
 li's bridge, Nodlis e%ceph'ali vel Cer'ebn, Cei'e- 
 bral protu'berance, Protuberan'tia annida'ns 
 Willisii, (F.) Protubirance cerebrate, P. annu- 
 laire, Mesencep/iale, llisocephale, Pont de Ya- 
 role, Annular protubetance. An eminence at 
 the upper part of the nedulla oblongata, first 
 described by Varolius. It is formed by the 
 union of the crura cereb-i and crura cerebelli. 
 
 Pons Ztgomaticus, Zrgomatic arch. 
 
 PONTE, see Parturtiqn— p. Periodique, 
 see Parturition. 
 
 PONTEDORA CORDj.TA, Unisema delti- 
 folia. 
 
 PONTICUM ABSmrHHJM, Artemisia 
 Pontiea. 
 
 POPLAR, AMERICAN, Liriodendron— p. 
 Black, Populus— p. Tree, Liriodendron — p. 
 Tulip-bearing, Liriodendron 
 
 P,OELES, Gare'tum, Gamtum,_ Ignys, Ig'- 
 nyl, Svffra'go, Fossa genu, F\ssa poplitse'a, the 
 Ham, the Hough, (¥■) Jarre, The posterior 
 part of the knee joint. The him forms what is 
 called the popliteal region or aace 
 
 POPLIT^US, Popliteal miscle. 
 
 POPLITl, Poplitaeus muscl-. ' 
 
 POPLITE'AL, Poplitce'us, fom Poples, ' the 
 ham.' That which relates tc the ham. A 
 name given to various parts. 
 
 Popliteal Artery — Poplited portion of the 
 crural,— (^Ch.) is really a contnuation of the 
 femoral, which changes its nane on passing 
 through the adductor magnus rmscle. It de- 
 scends a little obliquely outward into the hol- 
 low of the ham, and extends fnm the com- 
 mencement of the lower third (f the thigh to 
 the end of the upper quarter of he leg, where 
 it terminates hy dividing into the ■posterior 
 
 tibial andperoneal arteries. In the ham, it gives 
 off the three superior articular arteries ; arid; at 
 the top of the leg, the arteries of the gemini 
 muscles or gemini branches, (F.) branches jit- 
 m^llis, the two inferior articular"- arteries, and 
 the tibialis antica. ^,-4 
 
 Popliteal. Fossa, Poples. , JiJii 
 
 Poplite'al Glands, Glan'dul^:.^plitacB. 
 Lymphatic glands, four in number, Seated in 
 the popliteal region or space. 
 
 Popliteal Muscle, Poplitcms Muscle, Mus- 
 cle Jarretier , Femoro-popliti-tibial, (Ch.,) iS«J- 
 poplitseus, (F.) Muscle poplite, is seated in the 
 popliteal region. It is triangular, long, flat; 
 and is inserted, on the one hand, by means of a 
 strong tendon, into the tuberosity at the outer 
 condyle of the femur, terminating Vlow at the 
 uppef part of the posterior surface of the tibia. 
 This muscle bends the leg on the thigh, and, 
 reciprocally, the thigh on the leg. When the 
 leg is bent, it causes it to turn, in rotation, in- 
 wards. 
 
 Popliteal Neeyes. They result from, the 
 bifurcation of the sciatic, and are twp in num- 
 ber, viz. 1. The external popliteal. Peroneal 
 nerve, Branche perohiire, (Ch.) It is smaller 
 than the internal ; turns to the outside of 
 the fibula at the upper part of the leg, and 
 divides into the miisculo-cutaneous branch, 
 nerf pretibio-digitaf, (Ch.) and the anterior 
 tibial, nerf preiibio-susphalangetaire, (Ch.) 
 2. The intepnal poplite'al nerve, Branche 
 tibiale, (Ch.) which is larger than the other, 
 and seems to be the real continuation of the 
 sciatic nerye. It descends vertically into the 
 hollow of the ham; and passes beneath the apo- 
 neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond 
 which it takes the name oi tibial nerve. It 
 furnishes the external saphev:a nerve, and a 
 nnmbet of branches, that are distributed to the 
 posterior muscles of the leg. It then passes to 
 the sole of the foot to be divided into two 
 branches, called Plantar nerves. 
 
 Popliteal Region, Poples — p. Space, Po- 
 ples. 
 
 Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement 
 as the artery behind which it is situate. 
 POPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
 POPPY, CORN, RED,Papaver rhceas— p. 
 Heads, see Papaver — p. juice, Meconium^p. 
 Prickly, Argemone Mexicana — p. Spotling, Cu- 
 curbalus Behen — p. Thorn, Argemone Mexica- 
 na — p. White, Papaver — p. White, capsule, 
 see Papaver. 
 
 POP'ULUS, Populus nigra, ^gei'ros, Ache- 
 ro'is, Blaci poplar, (F.) Peuplier noir. The - 
 young buds, oculi or rudiments of the leaves, 
 which appear in the beginning of spring, were 
 formerly used in an ofiicinal ointment— the un- 
 guenltum, popule'um. It was, also, recom- 
 mended in chronic aflections of the lungs. 
 
 The bark of Pop'ulus Tremuloi'des, Ameri- 
 can aspen, and of P. trem'ula, European aspen, 
 is antiperiodic, and furnishes salioin and popu- 
 lin, in which the properties probaTjly reside. 
 Populus Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra. 
 PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria. 
 PORCELLIO, Oniscus. 
 PORCELLUS, OniscUs. 
 PORCULUS, Oniscus. 
 PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis! 
 Porcupine Men, Echinoder'mi. Persons 
 have been so called in whom the cuticle is pro- 
 
PORCTJS 
 
 688 
 
 PORRIGO 
 
 duced in the form of pointed prolongations, as 
 if it had been moulded on the papillae, like the 
 shorter and blunter quills of the porcupine. . 
 
 POROUS, Vulva. 
 
 PORDE, Crepitation. 
 
 PORE, Porus, in'terstice, woffot, ' a passage.' 
 Anatomists have given this name to the open- 
 ings at the extremities of vessels at the surface 
 of different membranes. Exhalant Pores have 
 been supposed to exist in the exhalants, to 
 transmit the fluids exhaled. — ^Absorbent Pores 
 are employed^ in taking up parts that have to 
 enter the circulation. Pores exist in the cuti- 
 cle; yet Humboldt, with a powerful magnify- 
 ing-glass, was unable to observe them. The 
 pores of the skin have also been called spira'cula. 
 
 PORI BILIA'RII, Ductus lilia'rii, Sur'culi 
 fell'ei. Ducts which receive the bile from the 
 penicilli of the liver, and convey it to the he- 
 patic duct. 
 
 PoKi Cuta'nei,P. Exhalan'tes seu Sudoriferi 
 seu Resorien'tes. The potes of the skin. 
 
 Fori Exhalantes, P. cutanei^p. Pulmo- 
 num. Cellules, bronchic — p. Resorbentes, P. cu- 
 tanei — p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei. 
 
 POROCE'LE, from woi^oc, 'a callus,' and 
 kijit], 'a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testi- 
 cle or its envelopes. 
 
 POROMA, Induration. 
 
 POROMPHALOCELE, Poromphalon. 
 
 POROM'PHALON, Poromph'alus, Forom- 
 phaloce'le, from irupof , ' hard,' and o/xqi'^io;, ' the 
 navel.' Umbilical hernia with hard and thick- 
 ened pafietes. 
 
 POROS, Canal. 
 
 POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration. 
 
 POROT'IC, Porot'icus, from n-ago;, ' callus.' 
 A remedy believed to be capable of assisting 
 the formation of callus. 
 
 PORPHURURIA, Urine, purpuric. 
 
 PORPHYRA, Purpura^p. Graecorum, Pe- 
 techiae — p. Haemorrhagica, Purpura haemor- 
 rhagica. 
 
 PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina. 
 
 PORPHYRISMUS, Scarlatina. 
 
 FORPHYRIZATION, Levigation. 
 
 PORPHYRO-TYPHUS, see Typhus. 
 
 POR'PHYRY, Porphyn'tes, from 7ti>gi!>u9«, 
 ' purple,.' A species of very hard, compound 
 rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and 
 used in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for 
 the apothecary. 
 
 Porphyry, Black, Ophites. 
 
 PORRACi, Porraceous. 
 
 PORRA'CEt)US, Porra'ceus, Prasi'nus, 
 from porrum, ' a leek.' (F.) Porraoe. Having 
 the green colour of the leek. An epithet given 
 to certain excreted matters, — the sputa, bile 
 and faeces particularly. 
 
 PORREAU, Allium porrum. 
 
 PORRECTUM, Lever. 
 
 PORRET, Allium porrum. 
 
 PORRIGINE, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 PORRIGINEUX, Porriginous. 
 
 PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous. 
 
 PORRIG"INOUS, PorHgino'sus, (F.) Por- 
 Hgineiix:. Appertaining to porrigo. 
 
 PORRI'GO (L.), ' scurf or scall in the head.' 
 Tin'ea, Favus, Furfuia'tio, Fur'fures, Ecpye'- 
 sis porrigo, Phlysis 'porrigo, from porrigere, 
 ' to spread.' (F.) Teigne, Rache. Some of 
 the varieties are contagious. It is principally 
 characterized by an eruption of the pustules, 
 
 called favi ' and achc^es, unaccompanied "by fe- 
 ver. ' 
 
 Porrigo Decal'vahs, Tricho'sis a'rea. Area, 
 Alope'citz arei/ta, A. partia'lis, A. drcumscrlp'' 
 ta, Pkytoalope'da, Tyr'ia,Tyrcf^ma, Opki'asis, 
 jfYj^/eff tondenS) Serpens ionsu'rans. Limited or 
 partial Baldness, consists of patches of bald- 
 ness without decay or change of colour in the 
 surrounding hair, the exposed parts of the scalp 
 being glabrous, white, and shining. The mor- 
 bid condition sometimes spreads, so that the 
 patches coalesce, rendering the baldness exten- 
 sive. To a vegetable growth recently found 
 at the roots of the hair in Tinea tondens, Maim- 
 st4n of Stockholm has given the name Tri- 
 choph'yton tonsu'rans. The treatment con- 
 sists in keeping the scalp cleared by constant 
 shaving, and in the steady application of some 
 stimulating liniment or ointment. 
 
 Porrigo Favo'sa, Ce'rion, Favus, Eepye'sis 
 porrigo favosa. Tinea favosa, Sca'bies cap'itis 
 favosa, Meliee'ra, Melice^rum, Melice'riaj Mel- 
 lifa'vium, Porrigophyte, Honey-comb Scall or 
 Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveuse, Porrigint. This 
 consists in an eruption of pustules common to 
 the head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, 
 flattened at the top, in clusters, often uniting ; 
 discharge, fetidj scabs, honey-conjbed ; the cells 
 filled withfluid. It occurs both in early and adiilt 
 life. Modern researches have/satisfied some 
 observers, that the crusts of fa/us are of vege- 
 table nature and formed of a parasitic plant, 
 belonging to the genus mtieodermlis. The 
 point is not, however, settled The treatment 
 of this variety must consis/in the exhibition 
 of laxatives and the mild^t stimulating oint- 
 ments, such as the Vng. find, Ung. hydrar- 
 gyripr<Eci'[)itat. alh., &c. !Eczema of the hairy 
 scalp is often confounded With Porrigo. 
 
 Porrigo FnR'FURASS,&cpyesj« porrigo fur- 
 fur a' cea. Tinea' furfura,(?a, Ti7iea porrigino'sa, 
 Pityri'asis Tricho'sis f ir fur a' cea, Teigne fur- 
 fiiracie (Alibert), conmences with an erup- 
 tion of small achores, /he fluid of which soon 
 concretes and separat/s in innumerable, thin, 
 laminated scabs, or sole-like exfoliations. It 
 is attended with a gooi deal of itching and some 
 soreness of the scaln to which the disease is 
 confined. It occursTchiefly in adults. In the 
 treatment, the scalpmust be kept shaved. The 
 part must be washef repeatedly with soap and 
 water, and an oiled ttlk cap worn. The nature 
 of the ointments lied must vary according to 
 the period of dise^ and the irritability of the 
 part afiected. Zhc ointm&nt ; — one made with 
 the Cocculus indijus ; — the Sulphur ointirLent; 
 — Citrine ointrne'XZXidi'Ung.hydrargyrinitrico- 
 oxydi ; Tar ointtent and Nitric acid ointment 
 have all been fouid useful. Should inflamma- 
 tion or discharg/arise, these applications must 
 of course be intfrmitted. 
 
 Porrigo Lawalis, P. lupinosa. 
 
 Porrigo La va'lis, Crusta lac'tea, Ecpye'- 
 sis Porrigo cruta'cea, Menti'go, Achor, Tin'ea 
 lad tea, T. Fafcei, Milky scall or Tetter, Lactn'- 
 men, Lacti'gol (F.) Croute de lait, Cro&te 
 laiteuse, Feuaivolages , La Graine, This is, 
 almost excluskrely, a disease oi infancy. It 
 commonly aplears first on the forehead and 
 cheeks, in an eruption of numerous, minute, 
 whitish achor i on a red surface. These break 
 and discharge . viscid fluid, which becomes in- 
 crusted in thi 1, yellowish, or greenish scabs. 
 
PORRIGOPHYTE 
 
 689 
 
 FORTE-SONDE 
 
 The patches spread, until the whole face be- 
 comes, as it were, enveloped in a mask; hence 
 the epithet larvalis. The disease is rather 
 a variety pf Eczema. Sometimes the erup- 
 tion appears on the neck and breast ; and, occa- 
 sionally, on the extremities. In general, the 
 health of the child does not suffer, but the erup- 
 tion is always attended with much itching and 
 irritation. The treatment consists in mild, 
 tepid ablution, and the application of gently 
 stimulating ointments, as of the oxydum zinci. 
 The bowels must be kept in a soluble state by 
 small doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 PoEEiGO LuPiNo'sA, Tin'ea lupi'na, Scabies 
 cap'itis, Ecpye'sis forrigo lupino^saj FoT'n/go 
 larva'Hs, Impeti'go Jigura'ia, Tin'ea granula'- 
 taj T. mueo'sa, Crusta lactea (of some), Ment'- 
 agra infan'turrij (F.) Teigne^ Dartre cricstacee 
 Jlavescente, consists of minute pustules in small 
 patches, mostly commencing on the scalp; 
 the patches terminating in dry, delving scabs, 
 resembling lupine se.eds ; the interstices often 
 covered with a thin, whitish, and exfoliating 
 incrustation. It occurs chiefly in early life, 
 and requires the same treatment as tiie last. 
 
 PoRKiso Scutui,a'ta, Tin'ea granula'td, Ee- 
 py^sis porrigo galea'ta. Tinea Jico'sa) Acho'res 
 seu Sca'Hes cap'itis, Ringworm of the Scalp^ 
 Sealled head; (F.) Teigne annulaire, T. en 
 anneauj T-mfmrnulaire^ It commences with 
 clusters of small, light, yellow pustules, which 
 soon scab off; and, if neglected, become hard by 
 accumulation. If the scab* be removed, the 
 surface is left red and shining, but studded with 
 slightly elevated points. If not attended to, it 
 involves the whole head. It occurs in children 
 3 or 4 years of age, and is very unmanageable. 
 The rules laid down under Porrigo furfu- 
 rans must be here still more perseveringly en- 
 forced. The whole tribe of stimulating oint- 
 ments may be used in succession. No one will 
 always succeed, and hence the necessity of 
 change, provided advantage, should not seem to 
 follow any particular application. The Un- 
 guenttim ad Scabiem, of Banyer, sometimes 
 cures, when others fail. 
 
 PORRIGOPHYTE, Porrigo favosa. 
 
 PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion. 
 
 PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion. 
 
 PORTA, nvXtj, I'yli, 'a gate.' The part of 
 the liver where its vessels enter as by a gate. 
 Also, the Vulva. 
 
 Porta Jeooeis, Porta vena. 
 
 Porta Vena, Vena portce, V. porta'rvm,Ra- 
 ma'lis vena, Janlitrix, Vena magna seu qu(B ad 
 portas est seu stelechict'a seu lac'tea seu ostia'ria, 
 forta Jec'oris, Porta, Vena arterio'sa seu arte- 
 ria'lis, Manus Jec'oris seu he'patis. Vena ad 
 portas. The System of the vena porta or the 
 Abdom'inal venous system, (F.) Veine porte, 
 Porte veine, is a vascular apparatus of black 
 blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting 
 from two distinct orders of vessels, united into 
 one common trunk. 1. One of these trunks, 
 much more extensive than the other, has re- 
 ceived the name Vena porta aldomina'lis, be- 
 cause it arises from all the organs enclosed in 
 the cavity of the abdomen, except the kidneys 
 and bladder ; and in the female, the uterus. The 
 Abdominal vena porta has two principal roots, 
 the splende vein and the superior mesenteric, 
 which have their ramifications in all the diges- 
 
 tive organs. 2. TThe other trunk, destined 
 solely to the liver, has been called the Hepat'ic 
 vena porta. It appears to.be a continuation of 
 the abdominal vena porta, and proceeds towards 
 the inferior surface of the liver. Opposite to 
 the transverse fissure of that organ, it divides, 
 like an artery, into two branches, which, by 
 their union, seem to form a canal or duct, called 
 by some the Sinus of the vena porta. These 
 branches are distributed in the substance of the 
 liver, whither they are accompanied by a pro- 
 longation of the fibrous capsule of that organ, 
 — the capsule of Glisson. The different branches 
 of the vena porta are devoid of valves. See 
 Liver. 
 
 PORTAL, from porta, 'a gate,' Relating to 
 the porta of the liver, — as the portal system, 
 or system of the vena porta. By extension the 
 terra has been applied to an analogous system 
 of vessels in the kidney. See Kidney. 
 Portal Fissure, see Liver. 
 PORTE- AIGUILLE, Aeutenae'ulum ; 
 Needte-carrier, Needle-hearer; from(F.) porter, 
 ' to carry,' and aiguille, ' aneedle.' An instru- 
 ment for accurately laying hold of a needle, and 
 giving it greater length, vvhen it is so fine and 
 small that it cannot be held by the fingers. It 
 is of steel or silver, about two inches long, and 
 throughout the whole, almost, of its length, di- 
 vided into two branches, so as to form a kind 
 of forceps, capable of being closed by means 
 of a sliding, ring. A modification of this 
 instrument was devised by Dr. Physick for 
 taking up deep-seated arteries beyond the reach 
 of a tenaculum or common needle. It consists 
 of a forceps so constructed as to hold in its ex- 
 tremity a needle armed with a ligature. The 
 handles of the forceps are fastened together, 
 temporarily, by a spring or catch ; and, when 
 the needle is fairly deposited beneath the vessel, 
 it is disengaged from the forceps and drawn 
 out, leaving the ligature behind, which can be 
 tied without difficulty. 
 
 PORTE-SOUGIE, (F.) A silver canula 
 similar to that of a trochar, except that it is 
 longer. It is used for conducting bougies into 
 the urethra. 
 
 POR TE-CAUSTIQUE, Porte-pierre — p. 
 Feidlle, Subscapularis. 
 
 PORTE-M&CHE {t.),hora porter, 'to car- 
 ry,' and miche, 'a tent.' An instrument for 
 carrying tents or miches deeply into fistulous 
 openings, or sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, 
 &c. It is a vvire of silver or steel, four or five 
 inches long, having a notch at one extremity, 
 and a button at the other. 
 
 PORTE-MOXA(V.). A small instrument 
 for. keeping the moxa applied to the part to be 
 cauterized. It consists of a metallic ring — 
 separated froth the skin by three small supports 
 of ebony — to which a handle is adapted. 
 
 FORTE-NCEUD (F.), from porter, 'to 
 carry,* ^nd naud, ' a knot.' An instrument for 
 carrying a ligature round the base or pedicle of 
 a tumour. 
 
 PORTE-PIERRE (F.), Forte-caustique, 
 ■ Caustic hearer. An instrument similar to a 
 porte-crayon for carrying the lunar caustic. 
 
 FORTE-SONDE (F.). An instrument re- 
 sembling a porte-crayon, employed for holding 
 the style or sonde, and inserting it more readily 
 into the nasal duct, during the operation for 
 fistula lachrymalis. 
 
PORTE-VEINE 
 
 690 
 
 POTASH 
 
 PORTE-VEINE} Porta Vena. 
 
 PORTER, Cerevisia. 
 
 PORTIO DURA,iFacial nerve, 
 
 PoRTio Media Inter Poetio'nem Dtoam et 
 Fortio'nem Mollem.- a small- nerve, which 
 arises from the brain, between the origin, of the 
 portio dura and the trunk of the portia mollis. — 
 Wrisberg. 
 
 PoiiTro Mollis, Auditory nerve. 
 
 POR TION COSTO-TR AGHALIENNE 
 DTI SACROSPINAL, Longissimus dorsi— 
 p. licailleux ou squameux du temporal. Squa- 
 mous portion of the temporal — -p. Lomhair.e du 
 plexus crural, Lumbar plexus. ' 
 
 PORTION GODRONNAE DE LA 
 CORNE D'AMMON. A name given by 
 Vicq d'Azyr to a small denticulated cord of a 
 compact tissue and granular appearance, which 
 unites the cornu ammonis to the paries of the 
 lateral ventricle. 
 
 PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum. 
 
 PORTULA'CA, Andrach'ne, Al'lium Gal'li- 
 eum, Portula'ea olera'cea, Purslane, (F.) Pour- 
 pier cultive. This plant abounds -with a watery 
 and somewhat acid juice; and is often put into 
 soups or pickled withspices. It is regarded as 
 antiseptic and aperient. 
 
 PORUS, Callus, Meatus — p. Acusticus, Au- 
 ditory canal, internal. 
 
 POSCA, Oxycrate. 
 
 POSE, Coryza. ' 
 
 POSIMOS, Potable. 
 
 POSITION, FALSE, False position. 
 
 POSOL'OGY, Posolog"ia, Dosiolog"ia; from 
 jToirot, 'quantity,' and ).tiyo(, 'a discourse.' In- 
 dication of the doses in which the different 
 articles of the materia medica ought to be ex- 
 hibited. 
 
 POSSET, Posse! turn; from (L.) Posca, 'sour 
 wine 'and water.'. Milk curdled with wine or 
 any acid or treacle. A preparation of beer and 
 milk; Zythog'ala. 
 
 POSSETING, Regurgitation, (of Infants.) 
 
 POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus. 
 
 POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus. 
 
 POSTE'RIOR ANNUL A'RIS. An external, 
 interosseous muscle, which arises from the cor- 
 responding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
 the ring, and little finger, and is inserted into 
 the inside of the tendon on the back of the 
 ring finger. Its use is to draw the ring finger 
 inwards. 
 
 PosTERioE. Auais, Retrahens auris. 
 
 PosTEMOR In'dicis Manus. Ad internal, in- 
 terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner 
 or ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore 
 finger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten- 
 don on the back of the fore finger. Its use is 
 to draw the fore finger inwards. 
 
 PoSTERIOH. Indicis Pedis, Abduc'tor Indicis 
 Pedis. An external, interosseous muscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the meta- 
 tarsal bones of the fore toe, and second of the 
 small toes, and is, inserted into the outside of 
 the root of the first bone of the fore toe. Its 
 use is to pull the fore toe outwards. 
 
 PosTEEioR Me'dii Dig''iti ManOs. Au ex- 
 ternal, interosseous muscle, which arises from 
 the corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones 
 of the middle and ring fingers ; and is inserted 
 into the inside of the tendon on the back of the 
 middle finger. Its use is to draw the middle 
 finger inwards. 
 
 Posterior Medii Dig"iti Pedis, Abductor 
 medii digiti pedis. An external, interosseous 
 muscle, which originates from the contiguous 
 sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and 
 third of the small toes, and is inserted into the 
 outside of the root of the first bone of the se- 
 cond of the small toes. Its use is to pull the 
 toe outwards. 
 
 Posterior Ter'tii Dig"iti, Adduc'tor tertii 
 digiti. An external,interosseous muscle, which 
 arises from the contiguous sides of the meta- 
 tarsal bones of the 3d and 4 th of the small toes, 
 and is inserted into the outside of the root of 
 the first bone of the third of the small toes. 
 Its use is to pull the toe outwards. 
 
 POSTHE, Penis, Prepuce. 
 
 POSTHET'OMIST, Posthefomus, from 
 mrSri, 'prepuce,' and riim, 'incision.' One 
 who performs the operation of circumcision. 
 
 POSTHETOMY, Circumcision. 
 
 POSTHIA, Hordeolum. 
 
 VO&TyiOVLASi'TlC,Postkioplas'ticus,froia 
 voa&iov, 'the prepuce,' and trxao-o-u, ' I form.' 
 An epithet applied to the operation for restoring 
 the prepuce. 
 
 POSTHI'TIS, from a-ooS^, 'the prepuce, the 
 penis,' and itis, the termination for inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the prepuce or penis. 
 
 POSTHIUM, Prepuce. ' 
 
 POSTHON'CUS, from 7ro<rfl», ' the prepuce 
 or penis,' and oyxo-.'a tumour.' Swelling of 
 the prepuce or penis. 
 
 POSTHOPLAS'TICA,fromwoireii!»,'prepuce,' 
 and TrKxG-xixus, 'formative.' The art of mak- 
 ing a new prepuce. 
 
 FOSTPOSIT"IO. Delay in the return of a 
 paroxysm. It is opposed to anticipatio, which 
 means the return of a paroxysm earlier than its 
 accustomed hour. 
 
 In this sense we speak of an anticipating, and 
 Si-postpo7iing (^Febris hysterefica") intermittent. 
 
 POSTREMA, Uterus. 
 
 PO'TABLE, Potab'ilis, from potare, 'to 
 drink.' Pot'imos, Potos, Pos'imos, ' drinkable.' 
 Water is said to be potable, when it contains 
 atmospheric air; is not brackish; and has no 
 mineral impregnation of consequence. 
 ' POTASH. So called from the potior ves- 
 sels in which it was made; — Potas'sa, Kali, 
 Vegetable alkali, Gastrinum. 
 
 Potash of Coi^merce, Potassa itnpu'ra, Im- 
 pure potass, Alu'men cati^nuTn, Cin'eres Rus'- 
 sici, Subcar'bojias potas'sae impu'rus, ^otas'sai 
 car'bonas imp^trus, — the Pearlash of commerce, 
 is prepared from the ashes of land plants by 
 calcination, solution in water, filtration, and 
 evaporation. It usually consists of subcarbo- 
 nate of potass, sulphate of potass, chloride of 
 potassium, silex, oxide of iron, &c. 
 
 From the ashes of lees of wine, and from.vine 
 twigs a much purer alkali is obtained. It is 
 called Cinis infecto'-rius, C. facum, Cin'eres 
 elavella'ti, Alu'men fcecwm, Cin'eres gravella'ti, 
 (F.) Cendres gravelees, Cendres de sarment. 
 
 Another variety of the alkali is afforded by 
 burning argol in a crucible; afterwards pow- 
 dering and calcining it, till it is nearly white; 
 then dissolving in water, filtering and evapo- 
 rating. It is called Salt of tartar, Sal Tar'tari, 
 Kali prcepara'tum e tar'taro'. Kali e tartaro^ Sub* 
 car'bonas potasste puris'simus, Potas' scB Subear'- 
 bonas e tar'taro. Lastly, when wormwood is 
 burnt to ashes, dissolved in water, filtered and 
 
POTASS, ACETATE OF 
 
 691 
 
 POTASS^ 
 
 evaporated to dryness, it affords another variety 
 of vegetable alkali, the Sal absin'thii or Salt of 
 wormwood. 
 
 Impure potass is used for preparing the suh- 
 carbonate for medical use. 
 
 POTASS, ACETATE OF, Potasss acetas— 
 p. Bisulphate of, Potassae supersulphas — p. Bi- 
 tartrate of, Potassae Supertartras — p. Carbonate 
 of, Potassae carbonas-^-p. Chlorate of, Potassae 
 murias hyperoxygenatus — p. Euchlorate of, 
 Potassae niurias hyperoxygenatus — p. Fused, 
 Potassa fusa — p. Hydriodate of, Potassse hydri- 
 odas — p. and Iron, tartrate of, Ferrum tartariza- 
 tum-i-p. with Lime, Potassa cum calce — p. Me- 
 phite of, PotassJB subcarbonas — p. Muriate of, 
 Potassa murias — p. Nitrate of, Potassae nitras 
 — p. Oxymuriate of, Potassae murias hyperoxy- 
 genatus — p. Subcarbonate of, Potassae subcar- 
 bonas — p. Sulphate of, Potassae sulphas — p. 
 Sulphate of, acid, Potassae supersulphas — p, 
 Sulphuret of, Potassae sulphuretum — p. Super- 
 carbonate of. Potasses carbonas — p. Supersul- 
 phate of, Potassse supersulphas — p. Supertar- 
 trate of, Potassae supertartras — p. Tartrate of, 
 Potassae tartras. 
 
 Potass and Soda, Taeteate of, Soda, tar- 
 trate of. 
 POTASSA, Potash, P. fusa. 
 PoTAs'sA CUM Calce, Potass with lime, Calx 
 cum, kali puro, Caus'ticum commu*n6 for'tius. 
 Lapis infernalis sive sep'ticus, Kali eaus'ticum 
 cum calce, Votas'sa ope calcis para'ta et igne 
 fusa, Lapis caus'tic-us, (F.) Potasse preparee 
 avec la chaux, P, a la ckaux, Pierre a cautkre 
 (Liquor, potasses ibiij, calcis recent. Ibj. Boil 
 the solution of potass to Ibj ; then add the lime, 
 slaked with water, and mix. Ph. L.) Used for 
 the same purposes as the next, but more manage- 
 able; being less deliquescent. 
 
 Potassa, Febeocyanate of, Fotassii ferro- 
 cyanuretum — p. Ferroprussiate of, Potassce cy- 
 anuretum. 
 
 Potassa Fusa, Potassa, Kali eaus'ticum, 
 Fusedpotass, Caus'ticum, commu'n^ acer'rimum^ 
 Kali purum, AVkali vegetab'ile fixuTn caus'ti- 
 cuth, CausticuTn alJcali'num., C. comm/a'ne, C 
 potentially, C. SaH'niim, Hydi as ha'licwm. Hy- 
 dras potas'sm purtB fuses. Potasses hydras, La- 
 pis 'caus'ticus, Lapis causticus ckirurgo'rwm. 
 Lapis inferna' lis alcdli'nus,^L.sep'ticus,Itupto'- 
 rium commu'ne, (F.) Potasse caustique. (Pre- 
 pared by evaporating solution of potass to 
 dryness in an iron vessel.) This preparation 
 is generally run into cylindrical moulds, covered 
 with paper, and kept in well corked vessels. 
 It is powerfully escharotic, and is used for form- 
 ing issues, curing strictures, &c. 
 
 Potassa, Hydeobeomate of, see Bromine — 
 p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanuretum — p. 
 Hyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate oJ — p. Hypertar- 
 tras, P. supertartras — p. Impura, Potash of com- 
 merce — p. Liquida, Liquor potassffi — p. Ope 
 calcis parata et igne fusa, Potassa cum calce — 
 p. Prussiate of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum. 
 
 PoTASSjE Ace'tas, Acetas kali, Oxytar'tarus, 
 Acetas lixivHx seu ka'licum^ Al'kali tar 'tari ace' to 
 tatura'tum, Alcali vegetah'ill cum aceto, Magis- 
 te'riwmtartari purgans. Terra folia! ta Ta/rtari, 
 Kali aceta'tum, Sal diu-ret'icus, Sal Senner'ti, 
 Ac"etate of potass, Arca'num tartari, (F.) Ace- 
 tate de potasse. (Add. acetic. Oj, Potassas 
 carlon. q. s. Mix and add, by degrees, enough 
 acetic acid to saturate the alkali. Then filter 
 
 and evaporate till a pellicle is formed which is 
 to be dried upon bibulous paper; evaporate 
 again in a water bath, and, removing the pelli- 
 cles: dry.— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 It is cathartic and diuretic. Dose, gj to gij 
 or more. 
 
 Potass;e et ALtiMiH^ Sulphas, Alumen — p. 
 Bicarbonas, Potassae carbonas — p. Bisulphas, P. 
 supersulphas — p. Bitartras, P. supertartras. 
 
 PoTASSffi Car'bonas, Kali aeru'tum, Bicar'- 
 honas potasses, Potas'ssB bicar'honas (Ph. U. S.) 
 I) euto carbonas potas'sii. Carbonate of potass, 
 Superca/ bonate of potass . This is not caustic, 
 like the subcarbonate of potass, and hence, has 
 been preferred to relieve acidity. ( Potass . car- 
 bon. Biv, Aquae destillat. Ox. Pass carbonic 
 acid through the solution until it is saturated, 
 and filter. Evaporate at a heat not exceeding 
 160°, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. 
 Carbonic acid is obtained from marble by the 
 addition of dilute sulphuric acid. — Ph. U. S.) 
 Dose, gr. x to gss. It is used in forming the 
 soda powders, as well as for its antacid proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Potass^ Caebonas (Ph. U. S.), P. subcar- 
 bonas — p. Carbonas impurus, P. subcarbonas 
 — p. Carbonas purus, see P. subcarbonas — p. 
 Chloras, P. murias hyperoxygenatus — p. Chlo- 
 ruretum oxydatum, P. murias hyperoxygenatus 
 — p. et Ferri tartras, Ferri tartarizatum — ^p. 
 Hydras, Potassa fusa. 
 
 PoTASsa; Hydei'oeas, Potassa Protohydri'r 
 oda's, Potas'sii protox'idi hydri'odas, Jrlydri'- 
 odate of potass. If a solution of potass be 
 poured on iodine in its metallic state, an iodate 
 and hydriodate are formed. These may be se- 
 parated by means of alcohol, which only dis- 
 solves the latter of these salts. The hydriodate, 
 or rather the I'odide ofPotas'sium, Kalium loda'- 
 tvm. Kali Hydriodin'iciim,, K. Hydriod'icvm, 
 Hydriodas Ka'licus, Potassii loduretum seu 
 lo'didum, (F.) lodure de potassium, may be 
 obtained by evaporation. When the Iodide of 
 potassium is dissolved in water, it becomes the 
 Hydriodate of Potassa. The following is the 
 formula in the Ph. U. S. lodin. gvj; Ferri 
 rament. ,^iij. Potass, carbon, ^iv vel. q. s. 
 Aquee destillat. Oiv. Mix the iodine with three 
 pints of the distilled water, and add the iron 
 filings, stirring freq(iently with a spatula for 
 half an hour. Apply a gentle heat, and when 
 the liquor assumes a greenish colour, add gra- 
 dually the carbonate of potass, previously dis- 
 solved in half a pint of the water, until it ceases 
 to cause a precipitate. Continue the heat for 
 half an hour, and filter. Wash the residuum 
 with half a pint of the distilled water boiling 
 hot, and filter. Mix the filtered liquors and 
 evaporate, that crystals may form. Pour off 
 the liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous 
 paper. The Hydriodate of soda is made in the 
 same way. Virtues, — those of iodine. 
 
 PoTASsa; Mu'eias, Sal Digesii'vus vel Salfe- 
 brif'ugus Syl'vii, Muriate of Potass, Spir'itvs 
 salts mari'ni coagula'tus. Bitter and refrige- 
 rant. 
 
 Potass;e Mu'eias Hypeeoxygena'tus,' Po- 
 tasses Chloras, P. oxymu'rias, Oxym,u'riate or 
 hyperoxymu'riate of potass, Chlorate ofpotas'sa, 
 Euchlo'rate of potass, Alcali vegetab'ile sali'to- 
 dephlogistica'tum,Chlorure'tumpotas'sesixyda'- 
 tum, Halo'i'dum oxygena'tum, Oxyge'no-chloru- 
 re'tum potas'sii, Protochlo'rate of potas'sium, 
 
POTASSjE 
 
 692 
 
 POTASS^ 
 
 Kali chlor'icum, Chloras Kdlicus depura'tus, 
 (F.) Chlorate de potasse. It has been regarded 
 as antineuropathic, and as an alterative purifier 
 of the blood and humours. It i^ of doubtful 
 efficacy. Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more. 
 
 PoTAS'Si; NiTRAS, Nitrate ofPotassj Nitrum,, 
 Sal nitrum. Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal petrse, Sal- 
 se'do mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Berenio"ium, Hali- 
 ni'trum, Protoni'trate of Fotqs' sium, Nitrate of 
 protox'ide ofPotas'siwm, Kali m'tHcwm, Nitras 
 ka'lieum, Nitras lixiv'ix, (F.) Nitrate de po- 
 tasse. Obtained from the putrefaction of ani- 
 mal matters, in contact with calcareous or alka- 
 line earths, by elixiviation; adding, if necessary, 
 wood ashes to supply the alkaline basis. It is 
 formed, in an impure state, by nature, in warm 
 climates". 
 
 It is diuretic and refrigerant, and, in large 
 doses, purgative ; externally, cooling and deter- 
 gent. Dose, gr. x to gss. In large doses it is 
 an acrid poison. 
 
 Potass^ Nitras Fusus Sdlpha'tis Patjoil'- 
 Lo MiXTUS, Sal pruneVlm, Crystal' lus- miner a' - 
 HSf Nitras potas'sae cum suVphurB fusus, Nitrum 
 tah-ula'twm. Lapis Prwnel'lce, Sore-throai salt. 
 Win' eral crystal, Anod'ynwmminera'lB. Nitrate 
 of potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass 
 and run into moulds. Its properties are those 
 of nitre. 
 
 PoTassjE Ox'alas, Superox' alate of Protox'- 
 ide of Potas'sium, Ox'alas Acid'ulum Potas'sas 
 seu Potas'scB ctcid'ulus seu ha sicus, Superox'a- 
 las ka'licum, S, Potassce, Hyperoxalas Potassae, 
 Sal Acetosel'lcB, Oxa'litiTn, Kali oxal'icum acid'- 
 nlum, Ox'alas subpotas' sicus, Oxalate of Potass, 
 Salt of Sorrel. Prepared from the juice of 
 wood sorrel. It is refrigerant, and is used to 
 make lemonade, &c. 
 
 PoTAss« OxALAS AciDULUM, Potass, Oxalate 
 of — p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus 
 — p. Protohydriodas, P . hydriodas — p. PursB f useb 
 hydras, Potassa fusa^p. et Sodje tartras. Soda, 
 tartrate of. 
 
 Potass^ Subcae'bonas, P. Car'bonas (Ph. 
 U. S.%'Subcar'bonas Kali, Car'bonas Potassce, 
 Kali prcepara'tum, Sal Herba'rum, Calca'reous 
 Tartar, Sal Planta'Tum, Subcarbonate of Potass, 
 Sal Tar'tari, Sal Absin'thii, Mephite of Potass, 
 &c. (See Potash.) A filtered solution of the 
 impure subcarbonate, Potas'sce car'honas impu'- 
 rus (Ph. U. S.), Pearl-ash (see Potash,) evapo- 
 rated to dryness. This deliquescent salt is given 
 in the same cases as. the potassse carbonas, than 
 which it is more caustic and disagreeable. 
 
 The Parisian codex has a Suhcar' bonasPotas'- 
 see ex tar'taro combus'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or 
 Salt of ^art^r; — a Suhcarbonas Potassce ex de- 
 fld^an'iihibk ^-^mtl ta/irate acid'ulq et Nitrate 
 Potassseparcttji-SjVulgo Nitrum- ex taHaro fixu/m,, 
 which is the Potassa carbonas purus or Salt 
 of Tartar of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 States, — and a Subcarbonas potassss ex defla- 
 gran'te cum Carbo'nihus Nitra'te- Potassce para- 
 tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum. They are all used 
 like the preceding. 
 
 PoTASsj; SuBCAEBONAs Impdrus, Potash of 
 commerce. 
 
 PoTASSiE Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum. Sul- 
 phas Kali, Kali sulphu'ricum, Lixiv'ia vitrio- 
 la'ta, Nitrum vitriolatu/m Schroederi, Sal Sa- 
 pien'tise,Sal Tar'tari Sulphura' turn, Specif icum 
 Paracel'si, Spi'ritus vitrioli coagula'tus Myn- 
 sichti, Protosulph'ate of Potas'sium, AX'hali 
 
 vegeta'lilS vitriolattlm, Sal de duolus, Arcdr' 
 num dupHca'tum, Nitrum vitriola'tum, Tar'ta- 
 rum vitriolatwm, Panace'a Ducis Holsa'tia, 
 Panace'a duplica'ta, Sal Polychres'tus, Sul' 
 phate of Potass, (F.) Sulfate de potasse. (The 
 salt, that remains after the distillation of nitric 
 acid, dissolved; the excess of acid saturated 
 with subcarbonate of potass and crystallized.) 
 Purgative and diuretic. Dose, gss to ?j as a 
 laxative. In a la;'ge dose it has proved an ir- 
 ritant poison. 
 
 PotassjE Sulphas cum Sul'phube ; Sal Po~ 
 lychres'tus Glase'ri, IAxiv*ia Yitriola'ta Sul- 
 phu'rea^ (Formed by deflagrating nitrate of 
 potass with sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues 
 as the last. Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
 
 PoTASs^a Sulphure'tumj Potas'sii Sulphure'- 
 tum. Kali sulphuretum, JSepar SulpK'uris sali'- 
 mim, S. sulphu'ris vulga're, Sulphureftum lix- 
 iv'ice, S, ha'liawm, Hepar Sulphuris, Liver of 
 Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) Sulfure de 
 potasse, Sulfure de potassium sulfate^ Foi^ de 
 Soufre* {Sulphur, lot, ^j, Potassa carb. ,^ij. 
 Rub them together, and place the mixture in a 
 covered crucible upon the fire until they unite.) 
 It has been employed in affections of the chest, 
 as an expectorant, in the dose of from gss to gj, 
 largely diluted ; but it is chiefly used as a bath 
 or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other 
 cutaneous afections. 
 
 Potass* Superoxalas, Potass, oxalate of. 
 
 PoTASSiE SuPER^uL'PHAS, P. Bisulpkas, Sal 
 enix'um. Super sulphate of Potass, Sal fehrif- 
 ug7is of Lem'ery, Acid Sulphate of Potass, Si' 
 sulphate of Potfiss, Super-protosulpkate of Po- 
 tas'si2im,>(¥.) Bisulfate, de Potasse, (The salt 
 remaining after the distillation of nitric acid, 
 dissolved, strained, and crystallized.) It is re- 
 frigerant and purgative. Dose, gss to gij. 
 
 PoTASSJE Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'tarug 
 crudus, Tar'tarwm, Lapis vini, Magneti'nus^ 
 Pedagra, Tartar, (^.^'Tartre cru, T. hrut. It 
 is called, also, Tartarum rubrusn and Ked Apgo'l, 
 when obtained from red wines j Tartarum al- 
 bum or White Argol, when from white wines. 
 Tartar is the saline deposit from wines as they 
 become aged ; which attaches itself to the sides 
 of the casks and bottlesin which they are kept. 
 It consists of a considerable quantity of acidu- 
 lous tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime,'silica, 
 alumen, oxyd of iron, manganese, and a red co- 
 louring matter, if the wine be red. It is chiefly 
 used for the preparation of cream of tartar. 
 
 Potass.*; Supertae'traS, Crystal'li Tartan, 
 Tartras Acid'ulus Potassae purus, Su-pertar'- 
 trate of Protox'ide of ■ Potas' sium, Potas'sce 
 Bitar'tras (Ph. U. S.), Bitartrate of Potass, 
 Hypertartras Potassse, Xartras superpotas' sicus, 
 T, subpotas' sicus. Crystals of Tartar, Cremor 
 Tar'tari, Cream, of Tartar (when in powder,^ 
 Supertar'trate of Potass, (F.) Tartrate aeide 
 de potasse. Crime de Tartre. (The tartar of 
 wine purified.) It requires 120 parts of water 
 at 60° to dissolve it. It is mildly purgative, 
 refrigerant, and diuretic. Dissolved in water, 
 with a small quantity of white wine, some su- 
 gar and lemon peel, it forms an agreeable beve- 
 rage in febrile diseases, under the name of im- 
 perial. Dose, as a diuretic gj to gij ; as a pur- 
 gative, _^ss to gj. 
 
 PoTASSj; Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum, AV- 
 cali fixum tartarisatum, Tar'tarum solii'bile, 
 Tartarus tartariza'tus, Lixiv'ia Tartarisa'ta, 
 
FOTASSE, ACMTATE DE 
 
 693 
 
 POTIUNCULA 
 
 SalPav.cli;res'mm,TartrasKalinus, T.lixiv'iiB, 
 Slit vegetah'ilis, Alkali.vegetab'iU tartarixatum, 
 Tartrate of Potass, Soluble Tartar, {F.^Tartrate 
 de Potasse. {Potassa carbon, ^xyy, Potassse 
 Bitartrat. in pulv. subtiliss. Biij, vel q. 8., 
 aqux btdlientis, cong. Dissolve the carbonate 
 of potassa in the -water, add the bitartrate to 
 saturation, and boil ; filter, evaporate till a pel- 
 licle forms, and set aside to crystallize. Pour 
 off the liquid; dry the drystals on bibulous 
 paper, and keep in closely stopped bottles. — 
 Ph. U. S.) A saline cathartic in the dose of 
 gij to gj. 
 
 PoTASSffi 'Tartkas Acidulus Pueits, p. su- 
 pertartras — p. Tartras stibialis seu stibiosus, 
 Antimonium tartarizatum. 
 
 POTASSE, AC&TATE DE, Potassse acetas 
 — f. Bis-ulfati de, Potassae supersulphas-^p. 
 Causiique, Potassa fusa — p. a la Chaux, Potassa 
 cum calce — p. Chlorate de, Potiissse murias 
 hyperoxygenatus — p. JJiquide, Liquor potassae 
 — p. Nitrate de, Potassse nitras — p. Preparee 
 avee la chaux, Potassa cum calce — p. et de 
 Sonde, tartrate de. Soda, tartrate of — p. Sulfate 
 de, Potassae sulphas — p. Sulfure de, Potassae 
 sulphuretum — p. Tartrate de, Pbtassse tartras — 
 p. Tartrate aeide de, Potassae supertartras. 
 
 PoTAssii CtanidOm, p. Cyanuretum. 
 
 PoTAS'sii Cyahure'tum, P. Cyan'idum, Cy- 
 anuret of Potas^wm, Hydrocy'anate of Potassa, 
 (Potassii Ferrocyanur., in pulv. §viij ; Aqiice 
 destillat. f. ,^vj. Expose the ferrocyanuret to 
 a moderate heat until it becomes nearly white, 
 and is deprived of its water of crystallization. 
 Put the residue in an earthen retort, with the 
 beak loosely stopped, and expose it to ' a -red 
 heat for two hours, or till gas ceases to be dis- 
 engaged. Take the retort from the fire, close 
 the orifice, with lute, and let the whole remain 
 till cold. Break the retort, reduce the black 
 mass to a coarse powder, put it into a twelve 
 ounce bottle, and add the distilled water. Agi- 
 tate occasionally for half an hour ; throw it on 
 a filter, evaporate the filtered solution to dry- 
 ness, and keep the dry mass in a closely stopped 
 bottle. — Ph. XJ. S.) Used in the same cases as 
 the hydrocyainic acid. Dose, a quarter of a 
 grain. 
 
 Potassii Deuto-caebonas, Potassse carbonas. 
 
 PoTASSiI Feeeootanuee'tdm, p. Ferrocyan'- 
 idum-^ Ferrocy'anide or Ferrocyan'uret of Po- 
 iasshtm, Ferrocy'anate of Potassa, Ferroprus'- 
 siate of Potassa, Prussiate of Potassa, (F.) 
 Frotoeyanure jaune de fer et de potassium, Cy- 
 anure de fer et de potassium: The yellow 
 double cyanuret of potassium and iron, the salt 
 from which the cyanuret of potassium is ob- 
 tained by calcination. It is not much used in 
 medicine. It hs^s been advised as an astringent 
 in the colliquative sweats of phthisis, in leucor- 
 rhoea, &c. ; but it does not seem to be possessed 
 of much activity. Dose, 10 or 15 grains every 
 four or five hours. 
 
 ' Potassii Hyi>eaegyro-ioi)1dt;m, see Iodine — 
 p. loduretum, see Potassae hydriodas — p. Oxy- 
 geno-chloruretum, Potassie murias hyperoxy- 
 genatus — p. Protoxidi hydriodas, Potassas hy- 
 driodas — p. Sulphuretum, Potassas sulphuretum. 
 
 POTASSIUM. Same etymon as potash. 
 The metallic base of potassa. 
 
 POTASSIUM, BROMURE DE, see Bro- 
 mine— p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum — p. 
 Perrocyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. 
 
 Ferrocyanuret of, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum — 
 p. Iodide of, see Iodine, and Potassii iodidum — 
 p. Iodide of, see Potassae hydriodas — p. lodo- 
 hydrargyrate of, see Iodine — p. lodure de, Po- 
 tassae hydriodas — p. Proto-arsenite of, Arsenite 
 of protoxide of potassium — p. ProtochlOrate of, 
 Potassae murias hyperoxygehatiis — p. Protoni- 
 trate of, Potassse nitras — p. Protoxide of, nitrate 
 of, PotasstB nitras — ^p. Protoxide of, superoxa- 
 late of, -Potass^ oxalate of — p. Protoxide of, 
 supertartrate of, Potassae supertartras — p. Pro- 
 tosulphate of, Potassse sulphas — p. Sulfure de, 
 sulfate, Potassae sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of, 
 Potsissse sulphuretum — p. Superprotosulphate 
 of, Potassse supersulphas. 
 
 POTATO, Solanum tuberosum — p. Fly, 
 Lytta vittata — p. Hog, Convolvulus panduratus 
 — p. Spanish, Convolvulus batatas — p. Sweet, 
 Convolvulus batatas— p. Vine, wild. Convol- 
 vulus panduratus — p. Wild, Convolvulus pan- 
 duratus. ' • 
 
 POTEL&E, Hyoscyamus. 
 
 POTENTIA, Force. 
 
 Poten'tia seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capa- 
 bility of copulation. 
 
 PoteStia Generan'di. The power of pro- 
 creation. 
 
 PoTENTiA Ireita!ns, Stimulus. 
 
 POTEN'TIAL, Potentia'lis ; from potent, 
 'able.' An epithet for remedies, which, al- 
 though energetic, do not act till some time 
 after their application. The qaustic" alkalies, 
 for instance, are called Potential catiteries in 
 contradistinction to the hot iron, which is 
 termed actual. 
 
 POTENTIL'LA ANSERI'NA, A/gentine, 
 Chenobos'con, Atgenta'ria, Anseri'na, Silver 
 Weed, Wild Tansey, (F.) Argentine, Poten- 
 tille. The leaves are mildly astringent and 
 tonic. 
 
 Potentil'la Eeptans, Pentaphyl'lum, Quin- 
 quefo'liutn. Common cinquefoil, (F.) Quinte- 
 feuilh. The roots, are possessed of astringent 
 properties. 
 
 PoTENTiLLA' ToEMENTiLLA, Torfflentilla. 
 
 POTERIUM, SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella 
 saxifragra. 
 
 POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi— 
 p. Generandi, Potentia generandi. 
 
 POTEX, Anus. 
 
 POTHOS FCETIDA, Dracontium fcetidum 
 — p. Putorii, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 
 POTIMOS, Potable. 
 
 POTIO, Drink, Haustus, Potion— p. Calcis 
 carbonatis, Mistura cretse — p. Effervescens 
 anti-emetica. Potion of Riverius — p. Leniens, 
 Looch ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. 
 Pieea, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 POTION (7.), Po'tio; from poto, ' I drink.' 
 A liquid medicine, from 4 to 8 ounces or more 
 in quantity, the composition of which varies, 
 and- which is administered in divided doses. It 
 corresponds to the English mixture. 
 
 POTION PECTORALS, liooch. ex ovo- 
 
 Potion of Ri-t^E'Rius. A mixture of Lemon 
 Juice and Stibcarbonate of Potass,— generally 
 given in a state of effervescence. It is the 
 Potio efferves'cens anti-emet'ica dicta Rive'rii 
 of the Parisian codex. The name in the codex' 
 indicates its use. 
 
 POTIONIS DESIDERIUM, Thirst. 
 
 POTIRON, Cucurbita pepo. 
 
 POTIUNCULA. Haustus. 
 
POTOPARANOEA 
 
 694 
 
 POWDER 
 
 POTOPAEANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
 
 POTOS, PotaWe. 
 
 POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tre- 
 mens. 
 
 POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease. 
 
 POTUS, Drink — p. Hippocraticus, Claret. 
 
 POtf, Pediculus. 
 
 POTXGE, Pollex, see Digitus. 
 
 POUDRE, Powder, Pulvis— p. Ahsorhante 
 et anti-adde, p. Pulvis de magnesia compositus 
 — y.^'Alun composee, Pulvis sulphatis alnminae 
 compositus — p. Antiarthritique amire, Pulvis 
 de amaris compositus — p. Antiasthmatigue, 
 Pulvis de sulphure et sclIU — p: Antimoniale 
 composee ou de James^ Antimonial powder— y. 
 Aromatique, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus^-^. 
 d^Asarwm composee dite sternutatoire, Pulvis 
 asari compositus — p. Balsamique, Pulvis myr- 
 rhae compositus — p. de Bit ekmann, Pulvis de 
 aro compositus — p. de Blanchement, Calcis 
 chloridum^p. de Cannelle composee, Pulvis 
 cinnamomi compositus — p. Cathartique, Pulvis 
 scammonetE compositus — p. de Chypre, see 
 Cladonia rangiferrina — p. du Comte de Palme, 
 Magnesias carbonas — p. Comachine, Pulvis cor- 
 nachini — p. de Come hruUe avec opitrni, Pulvis 
 cornu usti cum opio — p. de Craie composee, see 
 Pulvis cretae compositus — p. de Craie composee 
 avec opium, Pulvis cretae compositus cum opio 
 — p. de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanhse compositus 
 — p. Gazifhe laxative, Powders, Seidlitz — p. 
 Gazifere simple. Powders, soda — p. de Gomme 
 oiirffig-aMf composee, Pulvis tragacanthoe composi- 
 tus — p. de Gommegutte, Pul vis e gummi gotta — 
 p^ Hydragogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta — p. In- 
 ciss'tie, Pulvis desulphuT^etscillS — p.d'Ipecacu- 
 anha et opium, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus 
 — p. deJalapcompOsee,V\xhr\si&]x^?e compositus 
 — p. de Kino composee, Pulvis kino compositus 
 — p. de Perard, Fulvis de senn4, scammonio et 
 lignis— ;». de Quercetanus, Pulvis e gummi gutt& 
 — p. de Saint Ange, Pulvis asari compositus — p. 
 de Savo7i vigetale, Fulyis gummosus alkalinus 
 — p.deScammonee composee,Tnlvis scammoneae 
 compositus — p^ de Sedlitz, Powders,, Seidlitz — 
 p. de Sine composee, Pulvis sennae comp. — p. 
 de Sentinelli,Magnesis carbonas^y. Styptique, 
 Pulvis sulphatis .aluminas compositus. 
 
 POUDRE SVBTIL DE DELCROIX. A 
 fashionable depilatory " for removing superflu- 
 ous hair in less than ten minutes." It is said 
 to consist of QuicMime and Sulphuret of Arsenic, 
 with some vegetable powder. — Paris. 
 
 POUDRE TEMPiRANTE DE STAHL, 
 I'ulvis de Sulphate potassse compositus — p. de 
 Tennant, Calcis chloridum — p. de Valentini, 
 Magnesias carbonas — p. Vermifuge mercurielle, 
 Pulvis e sulphureto hydrargyri nigro et scam- 
 monio — p. Vermifuge sans merciire, Pulvis ex 
 helminthocorto compositus. 
 
 POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These alkaline waters are in the department of 
 Nievre, France. They contain carbonic acid, 
 carbonates of soda, lime and magnesia; chlo- 
 ride of sodium ; alumina and silica, with pro- 
 toxide of iron. 
 
 POULAIN, Bubo. 
 
 POULET,VIN DE (F.), Pullet Wine. A 
 disgusting preparation, made by infusing the 
 excrement of the pullet in white wine. Ac- 
 cording toNysten, it is employed by the vulgar 
 in France in a number of diseases, and espe- 
 cially in falls, contusions, &c. 
 
 POULIOT, Mentha pulegium. 
 POPLS, Pulse — p. Abdominal, Pulsus infe- 
 rior — p. des Adultes, Pulse, natural — p. Agite, 
 Pulsus fortis — p. Bas, Pulse, low — p. Capital, 
 Pulse, nasal — p. Gorribine, Pulse, complex — p. 
 Complique, Pulse, complex — p.Compose, Pulse, 
 complex — p. Concentre, Pulse, contracted — p. 
 Defaillant, Pulsus deficiens-y. Deprime, Pulse, 
 depressed— ^p.(^«^a-Dtan'Ae'e,Pulse, intestinal — 
 p. Dur, Pulse, hard — p. iXevi, Pulse, ardent — p. 
 Embarrasse, Pulsus intricatus — p. de I'Estomac, 
 Pulse, stomachal — p. Jttroit,TuisTxs strictus— r^. 
 de P Expectoration, Pulse, pectoral — p. Faibh, 
 Pulse^eeble — p. du Foie, Pulse, hepatic — p. 
 Grand, Pulse, large — p. Insensible, Pulsus de- 
 ficiens — p. Intercadent, Pulse, intermittent — p. 
 des Intestins,Vvi\ae, intestinal — p.Languissant, 
 Pulse, languid — p. Lent, PulSe,, slow — p. de la 
 Matrice, Pulsus uterinus^-jo. Moderi, Pulse, na- 
 tural — p. Mou, Pulse, soft — p. de Nez, Pulse, 
 nasal — p. Ondoyant,Pn\se, undulating — p. On- 
 dulant, Pulse,^undulating — p. Palpitant, Pulse, 
 tremulous — p. Parfait, P\ilse,,naturfil — p. Petit, 
 Pulse, small — ^.P/em, Pulse, full — p.Pfecipite, 
 Pulse, frequent — p. Profond, Pulse, Jeep — p. 
 Prompt, Pulse, slarp — 'p. Rare, Pulse, slow — 
 p.Rebondissant, Pulsus dicrotus — p. Redouble, 
 Pulsus dicrotus — p. des Ragles, Pulsus uterinus 
 — p. Roide, Pulse,, tense — p. Serratile, Pulsus 
 serrinus — p'. Serre, Pulse, contracted — p. de la 
 Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis — p. Tardif, Pulse,'slQW 
 — p. Tendu, Pulse, tense — p. TremiZomi, Pulse, 
 tremulous — p. de I'Urine, Pulsus urinalis — p. 
 Vehement, Pulsus fortis — p. Ventral, Pulsus in- 
 ferior — p. Vide, Pulsus vacuus — p. Vif, Pulse, 
 sharp — p. Vite, Pulse, shairp. , 
 POULTICE, see Cataplasm. 
 POUNCE, Saudarac. 
 
 POUND, libra, lAtra, Mraa., Lat. Pondo, 
 Bage'dia{o{twe\veoz.),Barda'dia,(¥ .) Livre, 
 from pondere, ' to weigh.' A weight, consist- 
 ing of twelve ounces Troy, — sixteen ounces 
 avoirdupoise. See Weights and Measures. 
 POURPIER CULTIVl, Portulaca. 
 POURPRE BLANC, Miliary fever. 
 POURRITURE, Putrefaction— p. D'Hopi- 
 tal. Hospital gangrene. 
 POUS, Pes. 
 POUSSE, Pursiness. 
 POUSSiE, Lichen. 
 
 POUSSIkRE TUBERCULEUSE (F.), 
 ' Tuberculous Dust.' A name given by MM. 
 Rilliet and Barthez to fine white or yellow mi- 
 nute points of tuberculous matter occurring in 
 myriads, so as to be likened to dust. 
 POWDER, (F.) Poudre. See Pulvis. 
 Powder of ^thio'pia, Gut's. A once ce- 
 lebrated anthelmintic, which consisted of pure 
 rasped tin, mercury, and sulphur, triturated 
 together. 
 
 PowBER OF Aloes, Compound, Pulvis aloes 
 compositus — p. Alum, compound, Pulvis sul- 
 phatis aluminas compositus — p. of Aloes with 
 canella, Pulvis aloes cum canell& — p. Antimo- 
 nial, Chenevjx's, Antimonial powder — p. of 
 Arum, compound, Pulvis de aro compositus. — 
 p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis asari com- 
 positus — p. of Bladder-wrack, yellow, Pulvis 
 querelas marinae — p. Bleaching, Calcis chlori- 
 dum — p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta — p. 
 Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona — p. of Chalk, 
 compound, Pulvis cretas compositus — p. of 
 Chalk with opium, compound, Pulvis creta? 
 
POWDER 
 
 695 
 
 PR/EGNANS 
 
 compositus cum ppio — p. of Cinnamon, com- 
 pound, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — p. of 
 Contrayerva, compound, Pulvis contrayervffi 
 compositus — p. Countess's, Cinchona — p. Coun- 
 tess of Kent's,, Cantianus pulvis— p. Cyprus, 
 Hibiscus abelmosciius -^ p. Dover's, Pulvis 
 ipecacuanliaB compositus. 
 
 Powder ofDupuytken (Caustic ;) formed 
 of 1 part of arsenious acid and 200 parts of mild 
 cliloride of mercury. A mild and manageable 
 caustic for causing an eschar on exposed sur- 
 faces, and in lupus, &c. 
 
 Powder, Eari. of Warwick's, Pulvis cor- 
 nachini — p. of Ethiopia, Powder of Ethiopia. 
 
 Powder of Faynaed. , A celebrated powder 
 for arresting hemor^rhage, said to be nothing 
 more than the charcoal of beech wood finely 
 pulverized. 
 
 Powder, Fever, Schwaneerg's, Antimonial 
 powder — p. Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingi- 
 ber— p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis 
 PortlandiiE — p.. of Burnt hartshorn with opium, 
 Pulvis cornu cervi cum opio — p. Ipecacuanha 
 cornpound, Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus — p. 
 of Jalap, compound, Pulvis jalapae compositus 
 — ^p. James's, factitious, Antimonial powder — 
 p. Jesuit's, Cinchona — p. of Kino, compound, 
 Pulvis kino compositus — p. of Lemonade, see 
 Lemonade — p._of Magnesia, coinpound, Pulvis 
 de magnesia compositus — p. of the Marquis, 
 Marehionis pulvis — p, Mead's, against the bite 
 of a Mad dog," Pulvis antilyssus — p. Myrrh, 
 compound, Pulvis myrrhee compositus — p. I'ort- 
 land, Pulvis Ducis Portlandia; — p. of the three 
 Sanders, see Diatrium — p. Scaramony and 
 aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum aloe — p. Scam- 
 mony compound, Pulvis scammoniae compositus 
 — p. of Senna, compound, Pulvis sennoe compo- 
 situs — p. Sneezing, see Veratrnm album' — p. 
 Spruce beer, see Spruce beer — p. Tennant's, 
 Calcis chloriduni — p. Tooth, Dentifricium — p. 
 Tragacanth, compound, Pulvis tragacanthas 
 compositus. 
 
 Powder, Vien'ha, is compcised of equal parts 
 of quicklime and potassa cum calce. In using 
 it, it is made into a ^aste — Vienna paste, (F.) 
 Cattstique de Vienne — with spirits of wine, and 
 is applied on the diseased part, previously cir- 
 cumscribed by a hole cut in,a sticking plaster- 
 To be left on from 10 to SiO minutes, accord- 
 ing to the depth of the eschar reqhired. Used 
 in cases of lupous ulceration. 
 
 By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the 
 heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may 
 be run into cylinders : — when it is called Caus- 
 tique-Filhos ; from the name of the author of 
 the process. 
 
 Powders, Castillon, so called from the 
 name of the physician who first proposed them. 
 They are formed of sago, in powder ; salep, in 
 powder j tragacanth, in powder, of each, four 
 parts ; prepat ed oysttr-shells, one part, cochineal, 
 half a part, divided into powders of one drachm 
 each; one of which is given three or four times 
 a day as a demulcent in diarrhiea and dysentery. 
 Powders, Soda, , JPul'veres effervescencies, 
 (F.) Poudres gaziferes simples, Spdse carh. 
 3;as, in each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv. 
 in each white paper ; for half a pint of water. 
 A pleasant, cooling drink; taken during the 
 effervescence. 
 
 Seidlitz Powders, (F.) Poudres gazifires 
 laxatives ou Poudres de Seidlitz, contain one or 
 
 two drachms of tartrate of potassa and ?oda, 
 added to the alkali in the blue paper. 
 
 POWER, Facujty— p. Inherent, Irritability 
 — p. Tonic, Irritability. 
 
 POX, Syphilis, Variola— p. Cliicken, Vari- 
 cella— p. Doctor, Syphilidiater— p. French, 
 Syphilis— p. Noddle, Syphilomania — p. Small, 
 Variola— p. Swine, see Varicella— p. Water, 
 see Varicella. 
 
 POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Pozzuoli is in the neiglibourhood of Naples. 
 The springs are, 1. Acqtia delta pietra. Temp. 
 91° Fah. 2. Acqua di Cavalcanti, Temp. 100°. 
 A. di subvenihomim,Temji. Wi°,A.del caMa- 
 rello. Temp. 86 to 89° ; and that of the Temple 
 of Serapis in Pozzuoli, Temp. 102tol07°. The 
 last contains carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, 
 magnesia, alumina, and iron, carbonate of soda, 
 chloride of sodiutti, sulphate of lime, and silica. 
 
 PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics. 
 
 PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon 
 apothecary. 
 
 PR^BIUM, Dose. 
 
 PRiECAUTIO, Prophylaxis. ' 
 
 PRiECIPITANS MAGNUM, Sepia. 
 
 PR^CIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum 
 prtEcipitatum. 
 
 PRiECIPITATUS Ruber, Hydrargyri ni- 
 trico-oxydum. 
 
 PR^.C1SI0 PRiEPUTII, Circumcision. 
 
 PR^^COCIA, Prunus Armeniaca. 
 
 PRiECOCITY, Praeotia. 
 
 PRjECOGNITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^CORDIA, from prse, ' before,'- and cor, 
 ' the heart.' ^The diaphragm; also, the thoracic 
 viscera, and the epigastrium. 
 
 PkjEcor'dial or Precordial REGioN„Be'gTi> 
 prsecordi' aca seu prstcordj^a'lis, is the epigastric 
 region. Also, and more properlyi the region 
 of the hfiart. A line drawn from the inferior 
 margins of the third ribs across the sternum, 
 passes over the valves of the pulmonary artery 
 a little to the left of the mesial line, and those 
 of the aorta are behind them, but about half an 
 inch lower down. A vertical line, coinciding 
 with the left margin of the sternum, has about 
 one-third of the heart, comprising the upper 
 portion of the right ventricle, on the right, — and 
 two-thirds, comprising the lower portion of the 
 right ventricle and the whole of the left, on the 
 left. This is the prascordial region. 
 
 PR-«CORDIUM, Fossette du ccetir—^. Pedis, 
 Metatarsus. 
 
 PRiECOX MATURITAS, Prseotia. 
 
 PR^CUSTODIA, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PR^DICTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^DISPOSITIO, Predisposition. 
 
 PRjEDIVINATIO, Mantia. 
 
 PRjEDOMIN'IUM; from;ir<E, 'before,' and 
 dominus, ' a lord.' Predominance of one thing 
 over another. 
 
 PR.ffiDOMiN'iuM AquiE.' A predominance of 
 watery fluid, — Xenu'itas aquo'sa, 
 
 Pr-edominium Sah'guinis jfl^RTEEio'si. A pre- 
 dominance of arterial blood, Aiterios'itas san'- 
 guinis. 
 
 Prjedomin'ium San'gcinis VEKO'si,F(ireoi'i«ffi« 
 San'guinis' Predominance of venous blood. 
 
 PRiEFOCATIO, Orthopnea, SufFocation— 
 p. Faucium, Angone — p. Matricis, Angone. — 
 p. Uterina, Angone. 
 
 PRiEFOCATION, 'Stran2;ulatio uterina. 
 
 PRiEGNANS, Pregnant.' 
 
PR^GNAS 
 
 696 
 
 PREGNANCY 
 
 PR^GNAS, Pregnant. 
 
 PR^GNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PRjEGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
 
 PRjEGNAX, Pregnant. , . 
 
 PRiEGfJSTATIO, Avant-gout.- 
 
 PR^HENSIO, Prehensio. 
 
 PRjELIN'GUA. The anterior part or tip 
 of the tongue. 
 
 PR^LIUM, Press, Tourniquet— p. Arte- 
 riale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PRiELUMBARIS, Prelumbar. 
 
 PRiENOTIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRjENUNTJATIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PRiE PA RATIO, Preparation— p. Chyli, 
 Chylification. 
 
 PR^PARATUM, Preparation. 
 
 PR^POTEN'TIA, from prsi; ' hefore,' and 
 potens, ' powerful.' Great power or strength. 
 
 Pe/epoten'tia Viri'lis. Great, or too great 
 proereative power on the part of the male. 
 
 PRyEPOTIO, Propbtismos. 
 
 PR^PUTIUM, Prepuce. 
 
 PR^SAGIIJM, Mantia. 
 
 PRjESCIENTIA, Prognosis. 
 
 PRiESCITIO, Prognosis. 
 
 PR^SCRIPTIO, Prescription. 
 
 PRtESEI^IOSDM, Alveolus." 
 
 PR/ESEPIUM, Alveolus. . 
 
 PR^SERVATIO, Prophylaxis. 
 
 PRiESERVATIVUM, Aijiuletum. 
 
 PR^SERVATO'RIAINDICA'TIO. a pre- 
 servative indication: one proper for preventing 
 the development of disease. 
 
 PRiESERVATORIDS, Prophylactic. 
 
 PRiESPINALIS, Prespinal. - ( 
 
 PR^TIBIALIS, Pretibial. 
 
 PRAIRIE PINES, Liatris. 
 
 PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 PRASINUS, Porraceous. 
 
 PRASI'TES, from prasium, 'horehound.' 
 Wine in which the leaves of horehound have 
 been infused. 
 
 PRASIUM, Marrubium. 
 
 PRASUM, Allium Prasum. 
 
 PRAXIS, Action. - 
 
 Praxis Med'ioa. The practical exercise of 
 the healing art. 
 
 PRECIPITATE, RED, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydum — p. White, Hydrargyrum prsecipita- 
 tum. 
 
 PRECIPITA^TION, Frsedpita'tio, (F.) Pre- 
 cipite, ixomrpratipitdre, (.PX'^j ' before,' and ca- 
 ^Mt, ^the head,') 'to throw headlong.' The 
 action by which a, body abandons a liquid in 
 which it is dissolved; anii becomes deposited 
 at the bottom of the vessel. The matter so 
 thrown down or precipitated, is called a preci- 
 pitate. . 
 
 PRECIPITATION DE LA MATRICE, 
 Procidentia uteri; 
 
 PR^CIPITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum pras- 
 cipitatum. 
 PRECORDIAL, Praecordial. 
 FKECVB.'&OKY , Fractirso'rius ; from pra, 
 ' before,' and ciirro, cursum, ' I run.' That 
 which precedes, 
 
 PfiEcua'soEY or Peemon'itoey Signs or Symp- 
 toms, (F.) Signes precurseurs, S. avant cou- 
 reurs, are those which indicate an approaching 
 
 PREDISPONENT CAUSES, see Causes, 
 predisponent. 
 PREDISPOSIT"ION, Prxdisposifio, from 
 
 priB^ 'before,' and disponere, 'to dispose.' (F.) 
 imminence moriide. That constitution or con- 
 dition of tfae body, which disposes il; to the ac- 
 tion of disease under the application of an ex- 
 citing cause. Thus, in hereditary diseases, the 
 conformation is such, that but aslight exciting 
 cause may be required to produce them. When 
 the disease arises, solely, from the predisposi- 
 tion, or under the additional influence of an ex- 
 tremely slight exciting cause, it is, by some, 
 termed a disposition. ' 
 
 FREDOR'^AL,Prsedorsd'lis, {loiapra,- ' be- 
 fore,' and dorswm, 'the back.' 
 
 PEffiDORSAL Region -of th6 vertebral column 
 is. the anterior surface of the dorsal region. 
 FRg-DORSO-ATWiDlEN, Longus colli. 
 PR£-D0RS0-GERVICAL, Longus colli. 
 PREG'NANCy, Utero-gesta'tio, PrsBgna'tio, 
 Pragna'tus, Impragna'tio, fiom. prce, 'before,' 
 and genere, ' to beget.' Hysteroeye'ps, Gra- " 
 vid'itas, G. itteri'na. En' cyTnon, Cye'sis, En- 
 cye'sis, En'cysis^ Encymo'sia, Cyopho'na, Ges- 
 ta'tion, FtBta'tioh I (F.) Grossesse.' The state 
 of a female who has within her a fecundated 
 germ, which gradually becomes developed in or 
 out of the uterus. When placed in the cavity 
 of the uterus, — ^by virtue of the vital principle 
 which animates it, it becomes attached to the 
 inner surface of that viscuS, and obtains from 
 it indirectly the nutriment necessary, for its 
 gradual development, during the space of ten 
 Itinar months or two hundred and eighty days, 
 — the ordinary term of gestation, althi^Ugh the 
 period may be protracted to 300 days or up- 
 Wards,-^at the expiration of which parturition 
 occurs. Pregnancy is commonly limited to a 
 single fostus: at times, the uterus contains two 
 or three. — See Reproduction. Occasionally, 
 one or two moles^-the degenerated products of 
 conception — alone occupy the uterus : — at other 
 times, a foetus likewise exists. In certain cases, 
 arid owing to accidental circuttistances, the fe- 
 cundated ovum remains in the ovarium, or is 
 arrested in the Fallopian tube. Pregnancy has, 
 accordingly, been distinguished into, 1. Natu- 
 ral or uterine, when the foetus is carried in the 
 cavity of the womb : and 2. Preternatural or 
 eatra-uterine, Exfata'tion, Concep'tio vitio'sa, 
 Paracye'sis seii Eccye'sis, Ecthy sterocye' sis, 
 Echthysterocye'Hs, Dysto'cia, Hyscye'sis seu 
 Gravid'itas extra-uteri' na, (F.) Grossesse con- 
 tre-nattire, — when it occurs in the ovarium, 
 tube, or cavity of the abdomen. 
 
 During pregnancy, the female experiences 
 remarkable changes in the condition of her or- 
 gans and functions. The genital apparatus is, 
 of course, most affected. The uterus changes 
 its shape, situation, size, and texture. The 
 usual signs of pregnancy are, — suppression of 
 the catamenia; the abdomen gradually enlarging 
 and forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus pro- 
 minent in the latter months; the breasts' in- 
 creasing in size; the areola round the nipple 
 becoming darker and the follicles more deve- 
 loped; kyestein in the urine from an early pe- 
 riod ; a bluish tint of the vagina after the fourth 
 week; about the fifth month, the evidence by 
 iallottement, and the placental sovffle and sound 
 of the fcetal heart heard on auscultation; the 
 motion of the foetus perceptible, and the neck 
 of the uterus diminishing in length at the ad- 
 vanced periods. 
 
 Pregnancy, Abdom'inal, Eccye'sis ahdomi- 
 
PREGNANCY 
 
 697 
 
 PREPARATION 
 
 na'lis, Caliocye'sis, Graviditas ahdomina'tis, 
 (F.) Grossesse ahdominale. That in which the 
 ovum has escaped into the cavity of the abdo- 
 men. 
 
 Pregnancy, Afos'tal, Pregnancy without a 
 fatus, (F.) .Grossesse afatale, G, sans fostus. 
 Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate 
 conception, or any other affection, which has 
 given place to unusual development of the ute- 
 rus. Madame Boivin includes in this class, 
 sarco-hysteric, hydro-hysteric, gazo-hysterie, 
 and hemato-hysteric pregnancies. 
 
 Pregnancy, Bigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse bi- 
 geminale, Double pregnancy. Pregnancy in 
 wbich there are twins in utero. — Madame Boi- 
 
 Pregnancy, Complex, (F.) Grossesse com- 
 plexe, G. inter-extra-uterine, is when the womb, 
 besides a fcetas, contains much water, hydatids, 
 a mole, &c. 
 
 Pregnancy, Compound, Polybreph'ia, Foly- 
 cye'sia-, Polycye'sis, (F.) Grossesse iCOTtiposee, 
 is when there are two or three fcetuses in the 
 cavity of the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal 
 — p. Extra-uterine, see Pregnancy. 
 
 Preg'nancy, False, Gravid'itas spu'ria,(^.) 
 Grossesse fausse ou apparentCj Pseudocye'sis. 
 Authors have called thus different affections of 
 a more or less serious character, which resem- 
 ble pregnancy ; so as, at times, to impose upon 
 the best informed practitioners. These diseases 
 may be seated in the uterus or its dependencies, 
 in the intestines or some other part of the ab- 
 domen. They may be; — & mole, hydatids, 
 water, blood, or polypus distending the parietes 
 of the uterus; — chronic enlargement of the 
 uterus; development of tumours, &c., in its 
 substance; — scirrhus; dropsy of the ovaria; 
 ascites ; tympanites, &c. 
 
 Pregnancy, Fcetai:., (F.) Grossesse fcetale. 
 Pregnancy in which there is a fqetus, or more 
 than one, in the uterus or out of it. Madame 
 Boivin puts in this class — the solitary, bigemi- 
 nal, trigeminal, and. sarco-fcetal [pregnancies, 
 which form the first order ; and the t^l,ba\, ova- 
 rial, and abdorifinal, which constitute the se 
 cond. 
 
 Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.) Grossesse 
 Gazo-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, caused 
 by development of air or gas in the cavity of 
 the womb. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Hemato-hysteric, (F.) Groi- 
 sesse hemato-hysterique, Afcetal pregnancy, 
 caused by accumulation of blood in the uterus. 
 — Madame Boivin. 
 
 PREGNANCY,HYDRO-HYSTERI0,(F.)Gro««eiS« 
 
 hydro-kysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, occa- 
 sioned by the secretion and accumulation of 
 serous fluid in the uterus. 
 
 Pregnancy, Interstit"ial, Gravid'itas in 
 uteri substan'tiA, Gravid'itas interstitia'lis. 
 The development of the embryo in the proper 
 substance of the uterus. The case generally 
 terminates fatally at an early period of gesta- 
 tion; the thin external paries of the uterus be- 
 ing ruptured, and the ovum passing into the 
 abdominal cavity. 
 
 Pregnancy, Morbid, Paraeye'sis, Dysto'cia, 
 Dyscye'sis. The progress of pregnancy dis- 
 turbed or endangered by the supervention of 
 general or local disorder. — Good. 
 
 Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Grossesse ovari- 
 
 enne ou de I'ovaire, Eceye'sis ova'ria, Odriocnje'- 
 sis, Obcye'sis, Gravid'itas extra-uteri' na in ova'- 
 rio . Pregnancy in which the fcetus is developed 
 in the interior of the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Phetend'ed. The criminal act 
 of a female, who, not having bepn delivered, 
 presents an infant as having been born of her. 
 (F.) Supposition de part. (This term, in 
 French, likewise includes the case of a female, 
 who, having been delivered of a dead child, 
 substitutes for it a living child which is not 
 hers.) 
 
 Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Grossesse 
 sarco-fatale. Pregnancy in which there are 
 one or more foetuses, and one or more moles. — 
 Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Sarco-Hysterio, (F.) Grossesse 
 Sarco-kysterique. Afoetal pregn&ncy formed 
 by inoles, hydatids, or a false conception. — ^Ma- 
 dame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossesse soli- 
 taire ou simple. Pregnancy in which there is 
 a single fcetus. — Madame Boii/in. 
 
 Pregnancy, Trigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse 
 trigeminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which 
 there afe three foetuses • in the cavity of the 
 uterus. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, Tubal, (F.) Grossesse tuiaire, 
 Bceye'sis tuba'lis. Pregnancy where the foetus 
 remains and isdeveloped in the Fallopian tube. 
 Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy. 
 Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.) Gros- 
 sesse utero-abdominale. Pregnancy consisting 
 of two foetuses ; one in the uterus — the other in 
 the abdominal cavity. — Madame Boivin. 
 
 Pregnancy, UTEROrOVA'RiAL, (F.) Grossesse 
 ■utero -ovarienne. Pregnancy with two fcetuses, 
 one in the womb; the other in the ovary. 
 
 Pregnancy, Utero-tubAl, (F.) Grossesse 
 utero-tubaire. Pregnancy in which there is at 
 the same time a foetus in the womb and ano- 
 ther in the Fallopian tube. 
 
 PREGNANT, Prcegnans^ Prsgnas, Fraeg- 
 nax, Encar'pos, Grav'idd, Plena TJiu'lier, (F.) 
 Enceinte. One in a state of pregnancy; — one 
 with child. 
 PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy. 
 
 PREHEN'SION, Prtehen'sio, from prehen- 
 dere, ' to lay hold of.' ' 
 
 Prehension of Food is the act of carrying it 
 to the mouthi and introducing it into that cavity. 
 It is, also, called Assump'tio, Preslep'sis, Pros' - 
 phora, ^ 
 
 PRELE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
 
 PRALOMBAIRE, Prelumbar. 
 
 PR&LOMBO-PXTBIEN, Psoas parvus—^. 
 Trochantin, Psoas magnus. 
 
 PRELUM, Press— p. Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
 
 PRELUM'BAR, Prcslumba'ris, (F.) Prelom- 
 baire, from pree, 'before,' and lumbi, ' the loins.' 
 That which is placed before the loins. The 
 prelumbar surface of the spinal column is the 
 anterior surface of the lumbar portion. 
 
 PREMONITORY, see Precursory. 
 
 PRENANTHES, Gall of the Earth, Dewitt 
 Snaheroot, Idon's Foot. There are many spe- 
 cies of this indigenous plant, whose root and 
 milky juice are very bitter. They are used in 
 popular practice in dysentery; and in the form 
 of cataplasm to bites of serpents. 
 
 PREPARA'TION, PrcBpara'tio, fiofa pra, 
 'before,' and parare, paratum, 'to get ready.' 
 
PREPUCE 
 
 698 
 
 PRESCRIPTION 
 
 The act of making ready any substance what- 
 ever that has to be employed for any purpose. 
 . Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope- 
 ration; — PrcEpara'txt/m, 
 
 Any part of the human body, preserved for 
 the uses of the anatomist, is so called. 
 
 PREP'UCE, Prcepu'tiitm, perhaps from T^of, 
 and Ttccrfii;, * the foreskin.^ E'pago' gi/u/m,, Postht^ 
 JPella') Pos'thium, Fu'tium, For^sl:in. The pro- 
 longation of the integuftients of the penis, which 
 covers the glans. The prepuce is composed of 
 two membranous layers : one external or cu- 
 taneous; the other internal or mpcous, sepa- 
 rated by cellular membrane. The mucous mem- 
 brane lines the inner surface of the cutaneous 
 layer till befond the glans, when it is reflected 
 over the latter; forming, behind the corona, a 
 small cul-de-sac above the corpora cavernosa, 
 which is interrupted by a triangular duplicature 
 of the mucous membrane, called the franum, 
 fixed in the furrow at the inferior part Jof the 
 glaris, and terminating at a little distance from 
 the orifice of the urethra. The clitoris is co- 
 vered by a semilunar fold formed by a conti- 
 nuation of the skin of the_ labia. It is called 
 Prccpu'tiwm clitor'idis, 
 PRESBYODOCHIUM, Gerocomium. 
 PRESBYON'OSI ; from Tisso-jSut, 'old,' and 
 foaof, 'disease.' Diseases of^jld age. 
 PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia. 
 PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene of old peo- 
 ple. 
 
 'P'RESSiYTlA.,Presby(i'pii^,Amblyo'piaprofBi- 
 fno'TUTji, Yisus seni^lis,. (F.) Yue langue; from 
 ■nprpiis,.'a.n old person.' A very high degree 
 is termed Hyperpresbyt'ia. A condition of vi- 
 sion, common in old persons, which consists in 
 the circumstance of near objects being con- 
 fusedly seen, whilst those at a greater distance 
 are clearly distinguished. It is supposed to de- 
 pend generally on diminution of the convexity 
 of the cornea; whence results an alteration in 
 the convergency of the rays, so that they form 
 a focus behind the retina. This defect is re- 
 medied by the use of convex glasses, which 
 augment the convergence of the luminous rays. 
 It is, also, called Long-sightedness^ Parop'sis 
 longin'qua^ Dyso'pia proxitno'rum, 
 
 ?'SS&C^\V'T\Qi^,Prxscnp'tio,AnagTaphi, 
 from free, 'before,' and acnJere, 'to write.' 
 For'^miila Tned'ica, Prasscrip'tio vied'ieay JRecep'- 
 tum, (F.) Formule, Ordonnance. The formula 
 which the physician writes for the composition 
 of medicine ac^apted to any case of disease. A 
 prescription should be as simple as possible, and 
 should bear upon its face the evidence of the 
 objects to be fulfilled by it. No article should 
 form part of it, unless adapted for serving some 
 useful purpose. A compound prescription has 
 been divided into-four parts : — the basis or prin- 
 cipal ingredient of the prescription; the ad'ju- 
 vans, or that which is designed to promote the 
 ijction of the former ; the cor'rigens, or that in- 
 tended to correct its operation or obviate any 
 unpleasant symptom which it may be apt to 
 produce; and the constit'uens, excip'ient, or sub- 
 stance which gives to the other ingredients 
 consistence or form. All these are seen in the 
 following formula for cathartic pills: — 
 
 Aloes, J5J" Basis. 
 
 Hyd. Chlorid. mit. gr. x. Adjnvans. 
 
 Olei Carui, gtt. v. Corrigens, 
 
 Syrnpi, q. s. Constituens. 
 
 It is cbvious, howevei:, that most prescrip- 
 tions are more simple than this. The basis, 
 for example, may require neither adjuvant, cor- 
 rigent, nor constituent. 
 
 Drj Paris has given the following synopsis of 
 the principles of medicinal combination, la/ma- 
 tfftaiciolog'^ia^Jamatosyntaa;iolog"iaf'whichma.y 
 serve as an instructive guide to the prescriber: — 
 
 OBJECT I. 
 
 TO PEOMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS. 
 
 A. By combiiiing the several different forms 
 or preparations of the same substance. B. By 
 combining the basis with substances which are 
 of the same nature; i. e. which are individually 
 capable of producihg the same effects, with less 
 energy than when in combination with each 
 other. C. By combining the basis with sub- 
 stances of a different nature, and which do not 
 exert any chemical influence upon it, but are 
 found by experience, or inferred by analogy, to 
 be capable of rendering the stomach or system 
 more susceptible of its action. * 
 
 OBJECT II.' 
 
 TO COKRECT THE OPEEATIOW OP THE BASIS BY 
 OBVIATING ANT UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT 
 BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD 
 PEEVEET ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT 
 THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION. 
 
 A. By chymically neutralizing or Tnechani- 
 cally separating the offending ingredient. B. 
 By adding some substance calculated to guard 
 the stomach or system against its deleterious 
 effects. 
 
 OBJECT III. 
 
 TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPEEATION OF TWO OE 
 MOEE MEDICINES. 
 
 A. By uniting those medicines vp'hich are cal- 
 culated to produce thejame ultiinate results, 
 but by modes of operation totally different. B. 
 By combining medicines Which have entirely 
 different powers; and which are required to ob- 
 viate different symptoins, or to answer different 
 indications. 
 
 OBJECT IV. 
 
 TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF- 
 FOEDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE. 
 
 A. By combining medicines Which excite 
 different actions in the stomachAnd system, in 
 consequence of which new or 'modified resulti 
 are produced. B. By combining substances 
 which have the property of acting chymically 
 upon each other; the results of which are: — a. 
 The formation of new compounds; b. The de- 
 composition of the original ingredients, and the 
 development of the Wre active elements. C. 
 By combining substances, between which no 
 other change is induced than a diminution or 
 increase in the solubility of the principles in 
 which their medicinal virtues reside, a. By 
 the intervention of substances that act chynA- 
 cally. b. By the addition of ingredients whose 
 operation is entirely mechaniccd. 
 
 OBJECT V. 
 
 TO AFFOED AN ELIGIBLE FOEM. 
 
 a. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en- 
 hanced. 4. By which its aspect or flavour is 
 rendered more agreeable, or its mode of admi- 
 nistration more convenient, e. By which it is 
 preserved from the spontaneous decompositioB 
 to which it is liable. 
 
PRESENTATION 
 
 699 
 
 PRIMROSE, EVENING 
 
 [The vocabulary in the 'autljor's "Medical 
 Student," Philad. 1844, will aid the student, not 
 only in translating, biit in writing his prescHp- 
 tions more solito,'] 
 
 PRESENTA'TlbN, from (Lat.) prssens, 
 (prse, ' before,' and ens, ' being.') The part of 
 a foetus which is felt presenting, on examination 
 per iMgincvm, When the head presents, and 
 eepecially the vertex, or the feet, knees, or 
 breech, the presentation is said to be natural: 
 when any other part, preternatural; and the la- 
 bour is styled perverse or preternatural, Faro- 
 dyn'ia perver'aa, D^sto'da perver'sa, Cross- 
 birth, (F.) Accouehem&iit centre nature. When 
 any part besides the head, feet, knees, or breech 
 presents, the operation of turning becomes ne- 
 cessary. See Parturition. 
 
 PRESIS, Swelling. 
 
 PRkSLE, Hippnris vulgaris. 
 
 PRESMA, Swelling. 
 
 PRESPI'NAL, PrcBspina'lis; from pra, ' be- 
 fore,' and spina, ' the spine.' That which is 
 situate before the spine. The prespinal surface 
 of the vertebral column is the anterior surface. 
 
 PRESS, PrtB'Hum, Prce'lium', Presso'rium, 
 Pi'ester, Pieste'rion, (7 .) Pressoir , Presse. An 
 instrument for subjecting matters to conside- 
 rable pressure, for the purpose of separating 
 their juices or oils. 
 
 Peess of Herophiltjs, Torcular Herophili. 
 
 PRESSE-ART£RE. An instrument in- 
 vented by Deschamps for the immediate com- 
 pression of arteries. It is composed of a plate 
 six or seven'lines long, and three broad, and of 
 a rod or stem two inches long, placed perpen- 
 dicularly above the plate and riveted. At each 
 extremity of the plate is a hole, through which 
 each of the ends of the ligature, to be placed 
 upon the artery, is passed. The ligature is 
 then to be tightened by drawing the ends, and 
 fixing them to the perpendicular rod; This 
 presse-artire or serre-artere, surrounded with 
 eharpie, remains in the wound, until there is no 
 longer danger of hemorrhage. The ligature is 
 then cut, and the instrument withdrawn. It is 
 an unnecessary instrument. 
 
 PRESS E-URkTHBE, Jugum Penis. A 
 kind of forceps of elastic iron; the branches of 
 which, padded, may bfe approximated or sepa- 
 rated by means, of a screw. The penis is in- 
 troduced between the branches, one of them 
 being applied to the urethra, and the screw is 
 tightened so as to exercise a degree of pressure 
 sufficient to bring the parietes of the canal in 
 contact. This instrument is sometimes used 
 in incontinence of urine, to prevent the constant 
 discharge of that fluid. 
 
 PRESSIO, Pressure. 
 
 PRESS ION ABD0MIN4LE, Pressure, 
 abdominal. 
 
 PRESSOIR, Press— ^. d'Herophile, Torcu- 
 lar Herophili. 
 
 PRESSORIUM, Press. 
 
 PRESSURE, Pres'sio, fiom premo, pressum, 
 ' I press.' The action of pressing. 
 
 Pressure, Abdom'ijjal, (F.) Pression ahdo- 
 minale. A mode of examination by means of 
 which the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hard- 
 ness of any morbid abdominal viscus may be 
 compared, in these respects, with its healthy 
 condition. Bichat proposed, with the view of 
 exploring the state of the thoracic organs, to 
 exert a pressure from below upwards on the 
 
 abdominal organs, so a^ to crowd them upon 
 the diaphragm, and thus to diminish the dimen- 
 sions of the cavity of the chest, noticing to what 
 extent respiration was aifected by this action. 
 No great information can of course be derived 
 from it. 
 
 PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned dis- 
 eases. 
 
 PRETIB'IAL, Prcitiiia'lis; from pra, ' be- 
 fore,' and tiHa, ' the tibia.' That which i^ si- 
 tuate before the tibia ; as the ilio-pretibial' and 
 isekio-pretibial muscles. 
 
 PREVENTIVE, ROYAL ; from prcbvenire, 
 (pra, and venire,) ' to come before.' An empi- 
 rical preparation used as a prpphylactic against 
 the venereal virus. It is a solution of acetan 
 of lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 PREVER'TEBRAL APONEURO'SIS. The 
 aponeurosis which covers the musclfes of th« 
 prevertebral region. 
 
 PREyERTEBRAL Aeteby. A ramus of th« 
 meningeal branch, and sometimes even of the 
 trunk, of the pharyngeal artery, which is distri- 
 buted to the pi:evertebral region. • 
 
 Preyertebral Muscles, see Cervical region, 
 anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, ahterior. 
 
 PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica. 
 
 PRIAPIS'COS. Same etymon as the next. 
 Name of a piece of wood which fortos part of 
 the scamnum Hippoeraticum-. Paulus of ^gina 
 calls thus a tent of linen shaped like the penis. 
 
 PRIAPIS'MUS, Tenti'go, T. Penis, Pri'- 
 apism, Hom-colie (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'- 
 mus, Rhopalis'irais, Satyri'dsis, Styrna, Sty sis, 
 from Uf iuro{, Priapus, ' the irtale organ.' Con- 
 starit and distressing erection, without any vo- 
 luptuous idea or desire for venery. It is often 
 symptdttiatic ; and sometimes the immediate re- 
 sult of morbific causes,— :of the action of can- 
 tharides, for example. The application of cold 
 liquids to the penis, and the internal use of 
 opium and camphor are the means usually had 
 recourse to for its removal. 
 
 PRIAPITIS, Phall^tis. 
 
 PRIAPUS, Pehis— p. Cervi, see Gervus^p. 
 Ceti, Leviathan penis. 
 
 PRICKING, Sax. ppiecian, (D .) p r i c k e n, 
 (F.) Pieotement: A variety of painj compared 
 to that which pointed bodies would occasion. 
 
 PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach -p. of 
 India, Melia azedarach-^p. Tree^ Melia azeda- 
 
 PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum toaculatum. 
 
 PRIMA CELLA COLI, Csecum. 
 
 PRIM^ VIjE. The first passages. The 
 stomaich and intestinal canal : — the lacteals be- 
 ing the secun'dx vi'se, or second passages. See 
 Way's, digestive. 
 
 PRIMEVtRE, Primula vefis. 
 ' PRIMIP'ARA, Primipaftu'riens, from pri- 
 mus, ' first,' and parere,- ' to bring forth.' A 
 name given to a female who brings forth for the 
 first time. 
 
 PRIMIPARTURIENS,, Piimipara. 
 
 PRIMI-STERNAL, Pnmi-stbma'lis, from 
 primus, ' the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum.' 
 M. Bfeclard has called os primi-sternal or elavi- 
 slernal, the bony portion of the sternum. 
 
 PRIMIT'TtE. Ttie first waters, or the waters 
 discharged before the extrusion of the fcetu^. 
 
 PRIMORDIUM, Arche. 
 
 PRIMROSE, EVENING, (Enothera biennis 
 — p. Tree, (Enothera biennis. 
 
PRIMULA VERIS 
 
 700 
 
 PROAGOREUSIS 
 
 PRIM'ULA VERIS, from prim'ulus, 'the 
 beginning;' so called, because it flowers in the 
 beginning of the spring ; :Verbas'eulum, Parol' - 
 y,iis,IIerbaparalys'eos aevi paralyt'ica; the Cow- 
 slip, PaigiijOT Peagle, (F.) Primevere. Family, 
 PrimulacesB. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. The flowers have been considered to be 
 mildly tonic, antispasmodic, and anodyne. 
 
 Primula Vulga'eis. The leaves and roots 
 of this plant have been used as sternutatories. 
 
 PRINCEPS, Rectum. 
 
 Pkimoeps Cervi'cis (Artery}, Cervical Ar- 
 tery. A branch of the occipital artery, which 
 descends between the splenius and complexus 
 muscles, and may be followed down to the 
 lower part of the neck. 
 
 Pmnoeps Poi^'i,icis(Arteria),Arte'ria magna 
 pol'licis. When the two collateral arteries of 
 the thumb take origin from a common trunk — 
 the trunk is the Princeps pollicis. , 
 
 PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE 
 D^ROSNE, Narcotine. 
 
 PRINCIPES IMMiDIATS, Principles, 
 immediate. . - ■ 
 
 . PRINCIPIUM, Arche, Element— p. Acidi- 
 ficans. Oxygen-— p. Adstringens, Tannin — p. 
 Byrsodepsicum, Tannin — p. iCoria'ceum, Tan- 
 nin — p. Hydrogfeneticum, Hydrogen — p. Hydro- 
 ticum, Hydrogen — p. Oxygcfnans, Oxygen — p^ 
 Salivale, see Saliva — p. S(;ytodepsicum, Tannin 
 — p. Urinosuin, Urea. 
 
 PRIN'CIPLE, COL'OURING, OF THE 
 BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate 
 principle in animals, to which the blood owes 
 its red colour. It is solid, inodorous, and in- 
 sipid. When recently separated from blood, it 
 has a purple-red colour. When distilled, it 
 furnishesj amongst other products, a purple oil. 
 It is insoluble in water; hut, if diluted with that 
 liquid, acquires a vinous red hue. It commu- 
 nicates a red colour to the albumen of the 
 blood, and afibrds, on analysis, iron, to which 
 the colour has been ascribed. See Hsema- 
 phaein, and Hsematin. 
 
 Principle, Vital, see Vital principle. 
 
 PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Prin- 
 eipes immediats,Materiaux immediats. Aname 
 given to a considerable number of substances, 
 composed of at least three elements, and which 
 are obtained from animals and vegetables with- 
 out alteration, by simple processes, and, in some 
 measure, immediately. 
 
 Principles, Immediate, of Animals, Proai- 
 mate principles. Organic Elements, Compounds 
 of Organization. These are divided into acid 
 principles, fatty principles, and principles which 
 are neither fat nor acid. . The first include the 
 uric, rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, caseic, huty- 
 ric, &c. The fatty principles are : — stearin, 
 elain, cholesterin, &c.; and the last division 
 includes the most important compounds of or- 
 ganization : — fibrin, gelatin, albumen, urea, pi- 
 cromel, osmazome, &c. 
 
 Principles, Proximate, P. immediate. 
 
 PRINOS, P. verticilla'tus , Alcan'na major 
 latifo'lia denta'ta, Aquifo'liwrnfo'liis decid'uis, 
 Prinos Grono'vii, Prinos padifoliu&, Black 
 Alder, Virginia Winter Berry, Whorled winter 
 ierry. Fever btish, (F.) Apalachine afeuilles 
 de Prunier. Nat. Ord. Rhamni. Sex. Syst. 
 HexandriaMonogynia. The bark of this com- 
 mon shrub of the United States is astringent, 
 bitter and pungent. The berries are, likewise. 
 
 bitter. The barjs; has been used as a substitute 
 for the cinchona, in intermittents, and as a 
 tonic. 
 
 PRINOS GRONOVII, Prinos— p. Padifolius, 
 Prinos. 
 
 PRION, Saw. 
 
 PRION O'DES, from7r|iuv, ' a saw,' and sijot, 
 ' shape.' Serra'ted. Applied to the sutures of 
 the head. 
 
 PRIOR'ANNULA'RIS, J«*«»-oi'sis«j quartus 
 of Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle, 
 which arises from the outside of the metacarpal 
 bone of the ring finger, and is inserted into the 
 outside of the tendon -on the back of the ring 
 finger. ■ Its use is to draw the^ring finger out- 
 wards. 
 
 PRIOR IN'I)ICIS,^2;*e«'jor ter'tii interna' - 
 diiin'dicis; (Y.^Sous'-TnUacarpo-lateri-phalan- 
 gien. It arises from the outer or radial side of 
 the metacarpal bone of the fore jingfer, and is in- 
 serted into the outside of the tendon on the Jjack 
 of the fore finger. Action : — to draw the finger 
 outwards, towards the thumb. 
 
 PRIOR INDICIS PEDIS, Adductor In'dieis 
 pedis. An external, interosseous muscle of the 
 foot, which arises from the contiguous sides of 
 the metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, 
 and is inserted into the inside of the root of the 
 first bone of the fore toe. Action: — ^to pull the 
 fore toe inwards. . 
 
 PRIOR MEDII, Prior medii digiti. 
 
 PRIOR ME'DII DIG"ITI, Prior Medii, Se- 
 cond interos'seus of Douglas. An external, 
 interosseous muscle of the itand, which arises 
 from the corresponding sides of the metacarpal 
 bones 6f the fore and middle fingers, and is in- 
 serted into the outside of the tendon on the 
 "back of the middle finger.. Action: — to draw 
 the middle finger outwards. 
 
 PRIOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Abductor 
 ikedii d.i^ti peAis. An internal, interosseous 
 muscle of the foot, which arises from the inside 
 of the metatarsal bone of the middle toe,'and is 
 inserted into the inside, of the root of the first 
 bone of the middle toe; TJse: — to pull the mid- 
 dle toe inwards, or towards the inner side of 
 the foot. 
 
 PRIOR MINIMI DIGITI, Adduc'tor.min'- 
 imi dig'Hti. An internal interosseous muscle 
 of the foot; which originates from the inside of 
 the metatarsal boneof the little toe; and is in- 
 serted into the inside of the root of the first bone 
 pf the little toe. Action: — to pull the little toe 
 inwards. 
 
 PRIOR TERTII DIGITI PEDIS, Addui!. 
 tar tertii di^'iti pedis. An internal interosseous 
 muscle of the foot, which arises from the inner 
 and under part of the metatarsal bone of the 
 third of the small toes, and is inserted into the 
 inside of the root of the first bone of the third 
 of the small toes. Action: — to pull the third 
 of the small toes inwards. 
 
 PRISIS, Brygmus, Trepanning. 
 
 PRISMA, Scobs. 
 
 PRISMUS, Brygmus, Trepanning. 
 
 PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs. 
 
 PRIVET, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 PRIVITIES, Genital organs. 
 
 PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare — p. Members, 
 Genital organs — p. Parts, Genital organs. 
 
 PRO, TTjo, 'before.' A common prefix to 
 Words, as in Procatarctic, Prostate, &c. 
 
 PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis. 
 
PROBANG 
 
 701 
 
 PROCTOCELE 
 
 PROBANG, Detruso'rium ex hale'na. A 
 long slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of 
 sponge at its extremity, intended to push down 
 extraneous hodies, arrested in the oesophagus, 
 into the stomach; A similar instrument is 
 called by J. L. Petit, Repoussoir d'arUes. 
 
 PROBARBIUM, Geneias. 
 
 PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum. 
 
 PROBE, Specillum— p. Eyed, see Specillum. 
 
 PROBING, see Melosis. 
 
 PROBOLE, Processus. 
 
 PROCARDIUM, Scrobiculus cordis. 
 
 PROC£D£, Process. 
 
 PROCEDURE, Procede. 
 
 PROCEPHALI, Capitones. 
 
 PROCERUS NASI, I^yramidalis nasi. 
 
 PROCkS CILIAIRBS, Ciliary processes. 
 
 PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus. 
 
 Pe.oc"ess,, (F.). Prooedi, Ratio, from proce- 
 dere, to march forwards. Procedure, — methpd 
 of performing any operation, chemical, phar- 
 maceutical, or surgical. 
 
 Pbocess, Cuweii'oem, Basilary process — p. 
 Modelling, see Modelling Process — p. of Rau, 
 see Malleus — p. Vertical superior ,longitudinalj 
 Falx cerebri. 
 
 PROCES'SUS. A process; same etymon; 
 Projectu'ra, Prob'oll. An apophysis or emi- 
 nence of a hone ; see Apophysis. ' Also, any 
 part which seems prolonged beyond others with 
 which it is in connexion; as the Ciliary pror 
 cesses. 
 
 Processus Anooseus, Olecranon— ^p. Annu- 
 laris, Pons Varolii — p. Belenoides, see Belenoid 
 — p. Caudatus, Lobulus caudatus — p. a Cere 
 bello ad meduUam oblohgatam, Corpora resti 
 formia — p. Cerebelli ad pontem, Peduncles of 
 the cerebellum — p. Cerebelli ad testes. Pedun- 
 cles of the cerebellum— p. Cerebri lateralis, 
 Cornu ammonis — p. Cijiare^ Ciliary processes 
 — p. Cochleariformis, see Tympanum — p. Cu- 
 neiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary process — p. 
 Enteroidei cerebri. Convolutions (cerebral) — 
 p. Falciformis cerebelli, Falx cerebelli — "p: 
 Faloiformis durse matris, Falx cerebri — p. 
 Gracilis of Rau, see Malleus — p. Laterales 
 uteri, Tubae Fallopianae — p. Mamillares, Pa- 
 pilljE of the kidney. Olfactory nerves — p. Ma- 
 millares cerebri, Mamillary tubercles — p. Oli- 
 varis. Olivary Process — p. Orbicularis cerebri, 
 Infiindibulum of the brain — p. Papillares, Ol- 
 factory nerves — p. Papillarum, Olfactory 
 nerves^-p. Rachidianus, Medulla spinalis-^p. 
 Sterni xiphoideus. Xiphoid — p. ad Testes, see 
 Valvula Vieussenii — ^p. Transversus durae ma- 
 tris. Tentorium— p. Uyifer, Uvula— p. Ven- 
 triculi, Dugdenum-^p. Xiphoides, Xiphoid car- 
 tilage — p. Xipho-sternalis, Xiphoid cartilage — 
 p. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic process. 
 
 FROCHEILA, Aptelabia. 
 
 PROCHEILIDION, Procheilon. 
 
 PROCHEI'LON, Procheilid'ion, Frola'Uvm, 
 Antila'Uum. The extreme projecting part or 
 margin of the lips. 
 PROCHEUMA, Parenchyma. 
 PROCWENCE HE L'CEII., Exophthal- 
 mia. 
 
 PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus— p. Ani, Proc- 
 tocele— p. Intestini recti. Proctocele — p. Iridis, 
 Staphyloma of the Iris— p. Oculi, Exophthal- 
 mia— p. Sedis, Proctocele— p. Uteri, Prolapsus 
 uteri. 
 
 PROCNEME, Tibia. 
 
 PROCNEMIUM, Tibia. 
 
 PROCaE,'LIUS,/'rocai7««,from y/iii, 'before,' 
 and )ci(Ma, ' belly.' One who has a large pen- 
 dulous abdomen. 
 
 PROCCELUS, Procojlius. 
 , PROCON'DYLUS, nQuxovSvlios, from a-go, 
 'before,' and xovfoAof, ' a-knot.' The first joint 
 of the fingers; the second being called nivivMs; 
 and the third iu.iraicovSv\ac, 
 
 PROCREATIO, Generation— p. Sanguinis, 
 Haematosis. 
 
 PROC'TAGRA, from wjeonTof, 'anus,' and 
 ctj-ga, 'seizure.' Gout in, the rectum. Proc- 
 talgia. 
 
 - PROCTAL'GIA, Proc'tica simplex, Proc'ta- 
 gra. Dolor ani, Proctodyn'id, from 7i|n«/ros, 
 'the anus,' and aiyog, 'pain.' Fain in the 
 anus. Generally symptomatic of disease, as of 
 hemorrhoids, scirrhus, &c. 
 
 Progtalgia, Clunesia— p. Haemorrhoidalis, 
 Haemorrhois — p. Inflammatoria, Rectitis — p. 
 Intertriginosa, Ch^fing-^p. Rheumatica, Proc- 
 torfheuma. 
 
 PROCTATRE'SIA, Imperfora'tio ani, from 
 3"5MxTiicj 'the anus,' and aTjijffW, 'imperfora- 
 tion.' Imperforate state of the anus. 
 
 PROC'TICA. Pain or derangement about the 
 anus, without primary inflammation. A genus 
 in the class Caliaca,, order Enterica, of Good. 
 
 Proctioa Exania, Proctocele-^p. Marisca, 
 Hsemorrhois — p. Siniplex,- Proctalgia — p. Te- 
 nesmus, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTISIS, Proctitis. 
 
 PROCTI'TIS, Proe'tisis, Archi'tis, Clune'- 
 sia, Cysso'tis, from jijoixTof, ' the anus.' In- 
 flammation of the anus and rectum. Rectitis. 
 
 Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace. 
 
 PROCTOC'ACE, Procti'tis gangrseno'sa, 
 from jTfiuKTiit, 'the anus,' ^nd, x«ito;, 'evil.' 
 A disease of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, 
 which, according to hinn, is common in Peru, 
 in the neighbourhood of Quito and Lima, on the 
 Honduras and Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and 
 on the Gold coast, &c. It is called by the Por- 
 tuguese, Bicho, and Bieho di Culo ; by the peo- 
 ple of Quito, Mtfl ^el Vallei from its preva- 
 lence in the valleys; and in Africa, JBiVio* de 
 Kis. It is an adynamic, inflammatory condi-. 
 tioh, frequently ending in gangrene. It has 
 been attributed to bad food, and the use of 
 spices. V ' 
 
 PROCTOCE'LE, from ^^mxToc, 'the anus,' 
 and ]tj;i;j,' hernia.' Prqlap' sus A}ii,Proctopto'- 
 md, Proctoptf/sis, Procto'sis, Hedrot^e'lZ, Arehe- 
 opto'ma, Archecpto'ma, Archopto'rrm, A rchoce'li, 
 Archopto'sis, Exa'nia, HtEinor'rhois proce'dens, 
 HcETnor^ rhois ah exa'fiid, -Prociden'tia Ani, P. 
 intesti'ni recti, P. sedis, Ecto'pia Ani, Sedes 
 procid'ua. Palling down of the Pundamerit, 
 Coming down of the Body, (F.) Chute du ree- 
 tum, C. du Fondement, Renversement du ree- 
 t2im. Inversion and prolapse of the niucous 
 coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the 
 sphincter with more or less swelling.^ In the 
 treatment, the application of cold water and 
 astringent lotions must be' recommended : and 
 if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, 
 which converge at the anus, may be snippeil off. 
 On cicatrizing, the verge of the anus will be 
 contracted, and the cure proba:bly cqmplete. 
 In the way of palliation, the parts may be re- 
 tained by an appropriate bandage. 
 
PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA 
 
 703 
 
 PROGNOSIS 
 
 from TtgtoxToc, 'the 
 A discharge of blood 
 S^e HEemorrhois. 
 
 Stric- 
 
 PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy, 
 
 PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia. 
 
 PROCTON'CUS, from jrjaxTHf, ' anus,' and 
 oyjtoc, 'swelling.' Swelling of the anus. 
 
 PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTORRHAGIA, HEemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 PROCTORRHEU'MA,from ngmxrus, 'anus,' 
 and qiv/ia, 'defluxion.' Rheumatism 'of the 
 anus, 
 
 PROCTORRHCE'A, 
 anus,' and ^em, 'I flow.' 
 or slime from the anus. 
 
 PROCTOS, Anus. 
 
 PROCTOSIS, Proctocele. 
 
 PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 PROCTOSTENOSIS ORGANICA, 
 ture of the rectum. 
 
 PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from nfxKni, ' anus,' 
 and Togi/fiii, 'to perforate.' Perforation of a 
 dosed anus. 
 
 PROCTUS, Anus. 
 
 PROCURATiO ABORTUS. The promo- 
 tion of abortion. 
 
 P.ROD'ROMFS, from ngu, 'before,' and 
 Jjo^os, ' course.' The period immediately pre- 
 ceding an attack of disease ; in which the ^re- 
 tursory sign^ occur. 
 
 PROD'UCT,fromj»ro(««co,«Iproduce.' (F.) 
 Produit, The result sought to be attained by 
 any pharmaceutical operation. 
 
 PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus— p. tTvulse a pitu- 
 itA, Staphyloedema. 
 
 PRODUC'TION, Produc'tio; same etymon. 
 This word is used, especially by the French, 
 synonyuiously with prolongation. The mesen- 
 tery is, in this sense, a production of the peri- 
 toneum. 
 
 PRODUCTION ACClDENTELLE. An 
 accidental or adventitious structure. 
 
 PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity. ' 
 
 PRODUIT, Product. 
 
 PROEGUMENiE CAUSiE, Causes, predis- 
 ponent. 
 
 PRCELIUM, Press, Tourniquet. 
 
 PROEM'INENT, Proem'inens, from pre, 
 ' forwards,' and eminere, ' to project.' Some 
 anatomists call the 7th cervical vertebra the 
 preeminent vertebra, on account of the length 
 of its spinous proce^ss, which passes the level 
 of the neighbouring vertebrae. 
 
 PRCEO'TIA, -Pfo^'o'e*, B-gMioTijc, or irgotorrii, 
 from a-gtoi, 'early.' 'Precocity.' Pracox matu' - 
 ritas, Preco'eious mcau'rity. Premature de- 
 velopment of sexual organization or power. — 
 Good. • 
 
 PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nertum antidysen- 
 tericum. 
 
 PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxus, Pohjr- 
 rha'a, ¥luxi from profluo, 'I rundown.' A 
 term under which some nosologists have com- 
 prised all morbid discharges or fluxes : — others, 
 increased excretions attended by fever. 
 
 Pkofluvium Alvi, Diarrhoea — p. Genitale 
 rauliebre. Menses — p. Mucosum urethrse. Go- 
 norrhoea — p.Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses — 
 p. Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia — p. Sanguinis h Re- 
 nibus, Nephrorrhagia — p. Sanguinis ex Ore, 
 Stomatorrhagia — p. Sanguinis ex Uteiro, Me- 
 trorrhagia — p. Seminis, Pollution — p. Ventris, 
 Diarrhoea. 
 
 PROFUN'DUS, (pro, and fundus, 'base.') 
 Altits, 'having a deep base.' A name given to 
 
 different parts, which are seated profoundly as 
 regards others. 
 
 ProF0nda Arte'eia Fem'oeis, A. vasta, pos- 
 te'rior sen muscula'ris fem'oris, Artiri-grandii 
 miisculaire de la cuisse. (Ch.) This large branch 
 arises commonly from the posterior part of the 
 crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter. 
 It descends deeply, situate before the adductors ; 
 passes through the third adductbr above the 
 opening in it for the trunk of the femoral ; and 
 terminates in the short portion of the biceps. 
 The muscularis profunda gives off, 1 . The ex- 
 ternal circumflex: '2. The internal circumflex : 
 and, 3. The three perf or antes. 
 
 Peofunda Aete'eij^ Hu'meri, P. supe'ripr, 
 Arte'ria spiralis, (F.) Arihe humerale pro- 
 fonde, A. collaterale exteme. Grand musculaire 
 du bras, (;Ch.) Its origin is variable. When 
 it arises from the brachial artery, it is given off 
 opposite the groove of the humerus destiHed 
 for the radial nerve, and descends backwards 
 between the three portions of the triceps, ac- 
 companied by the nerve ; givingbreinches to that 
 muscle and to the hume^rus. When it reaches 
 theposterior part of the bone, it divides into 
 two branches, which are distributed to the tri- 
 ceps, supinator longus, &c. 
 
 ■ Propunda Artekia Inferior vel Mimok is 
 often a branch of the last; but, commonly, is 
 given off from the brachial, near the middle of 
 the arm. It gives off branches to the ttiuseles, 
 &c., about the inner side of the os humeri. It 
 is, also, called large communicating iijnar or 
 profundo-uUiar. 
 
 Profunda Arteeia Penis., Chaussier has 
 given this name to the cam'ernous ar'tery, which 
 arises from the artery of the jienis, furnished 
 by the internal pudic. 
 
 Profunda AeteeIa Supeeioe, Profunda 
 humeri. 
 
 Certain muscles arq, distinguished by the 
 Xi?ixa&z profound or deep-seated, &\id superflpiai. 
 Thus, we speak of the superficial and deep-seated 
 muscles of the neck, &c. ; the Mexor profundus 
 perforans, &c. 
 
 PROFUSIO, Haemorrhagia. ' 
 Peofdsio Aqu*. Thedischarge or breaking 
 of the waters at birth. 
 
 ProfdsIio Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia— ^p. Se-r 
 njinis. Ejaculation — ^^p. Subcutanea, Purpura 
 simplex. 
 
 FROGAS'TOR, from a-go, ' before,' and yw- 
 Tijj, ' belly.' One who has a pendulous belly. 
 PROGENIES, Epigone. 
 PROGENY, Epigone. 
 
 PROGLOS'SIS, from Ttjo, 'before,' and 
 yXairra., ' the tongue ;' -Apex linguse- The ex- 
 tremity or tip of the tongue. 
 
 PROGNO'SIS, Proagoreu'sis, Prerrhe'sis, 
 Pracognif'io, Prognos'tice, Prasno'tio, Pra- 
 nuntia'tio, Prcsscien'tia, Prasscit^'io, Pronm'a, 
 Proph'asis, Prcedie'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pro- 
 nostic, from «? o, 'before,' and yuoa-xai, ' I know.' 
 The judgment formed by the physician regard- 
 ing the future progress and termination of any 
 disease. 
 
 Prognosis,' Geneeal. The opinion formed 
 of a disease in the abstract. Thus, we say, the 
 General prognosis of Cyna/nche tonsillaris is 
 favourable ;^-of Phthisis pulrrumaUs, unfavou- 
 rable, &c. 
 
 Prognosis, Particular. The opinion formed 
 of any particular ease of disease. The parti- 
 
PROGNOSTIC 
 
 703 
 
 PRONATOR 
 
 cular prognosis of one , case of typhus, for ex- 
 ample, may be favoarable, whilBt that 6f another 
 may be unfavouraible. 
 
 Pkoonosis ex Lingua, Glosaomantia. 
 
 PROGNOSTIC, Progaosis. 
 
 PROGNOSTICE, Prognosis. 
 
 PROGRESSIO, Augmentation. 
 
 PROGRESSUS, Augmentation. 
 
 PROIOTES, Praeotia. 
 
 PROJECTTJRA, Process. 
 
 FROLABIUM, Procheilon. ^ 
 
 PROLAP'SDS, from prolabor, prolapsus, 
 (pro, and labor, lapsus, ' to slide,') ' I ^lip doVvn.' 
 Prodden'tia,^ Delafsio, Ihlap'sm, Sypor'rhy- 
 ais, Propto'm^, Propto'sis, Produe'tio; Propen- 
 den'tia, Prommen'tia, Ptosfs, Casus, (F.)Chute; 
 a protrusion; a falling down. A genus of dis- 
 eases in the. class IJooales and ^rder JBctopiss of 
 CuUen, distinguished by the falling down «3f a 
 part through the orifice with which it is natu- 
 rally connected. ^ 
 
 Peolapsxjs Ani, Proctocele— p. Bulbi oculi, 
 lixophthalmia — p. Cornese, Staphyloma of the 
 cornea — p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis — p. Linguae, 
 Glossocele, Paraglossa— p. (Esophagi, Pharyn- 
 gocele— p. palpebrse, Blephajoptosis — p. Fha- 
 ryngis, Pharyngpcele — p. Umbilici, Exompha- 
 lus. 
 
 Peolapsxis U'^terj, Exomi'tra, Metropte' sis, 
 Metropropto'sis, Prthysteropto'sis, Orthyste- 
 ropto'ina, Falling down,, of the womb, Mdopto'- 
 sis v'teri, Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'lS-nuda, 
 Prociden'tia li'teri, (F.) Abaissement de la ma' 
 trice. Chute de la matrice, Descents de la ma- 
 trice, Prieipitation de la matrice. Some use 
 the term, ' Procidentia Uteri ' foy a minor de- 
 gree of the affection than prolapsus ; — Relaxatio 
 uteri expressing the slightest state of all. A 
 falling down of the uterus, owing to relaxation 
 of the parts about the utero-vaginal region. In 
 the treatment, the horizontal posture must be 
 insisted upon ; the injection of astringerit subr 
 stances per vaginam be advised; and if the af- 
 fection be not remedied by these pneans, a pes- 
 sary may be employed as a palliative, or the 
 operation of Episior-aphy be performed. 
 
 Prolapsus Uvuls;, Staphyloedema. 
 
 Prolapsus VA,si'NiE, Hysteropto'sis Yagi'ma, 
 Prolapsus JEdoptosis Vaginse,Coleopto'sis, Col- 
 popto'sis, Bly^ropto'sis—PiotTUsion of the up- 
 per part of the^ vagina into the lower. This, 
 like the descent of the uterus, may be relaixatien, 
 procidentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion 
 
 Prolapsus Vesica, Exocyste. 
 
 PROLECTA'TIO; from ^ro, andiUgere, lec- 
 *?««s, ' to gather,' . Action of separating the finer 
 parts of a body from the grosser. , 
 
 PROLEP'TICS, Prolep'tice, from a-fo, 'be- 
 fore,' and la/jc^aia, ' I seize hold of.' A term 
 proposed recently by Dr. Laycock to signify 
 the art and science of predicting in medicine, 
 
 PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating. 
 
 PROLES, Epigone. 
 
 PROLICIDE, Prolidd'ium; fTom proies, 
 ' offspring,' and ccedere, ' to kill.' Destruction 
 of offspring. A term, which includes foeticide 
 as well as infanticide. 
 
 PROLIF'IC, Prolif'icns; from proles, ' off- 
 spring,' a.nifaeio, ' I make.' That which has 
 the faculty of engendering; applied to man, 
 and animals, and to their sperm or seed; as 
 well as to remedies, which, by strengthening 
 
 the genital organs, increase the secretion of 
 sperm. , 
 
 PROLIG«ER0US, Pro'liger, PrBlig"erus, 
 from proles, 'offspring,* and gero, 'I carry.' 
 That which is connected with carrying the off- 
 spring. I 
 
 PjioLiGEEons Disc or Layer, Discus prolig"- 
 eru's. Discos vitelli'nus. Stratum prolig"erum, 
 Gonostro'ma. A granular layer,, situate gene- 
 rally towards the mo^t prominent part of the 
 ovarian vesicle, in the centre of which the true 
 ovum Or ovule exists. — Von Baer. 
 
 PROLONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, Me- 
 dulla spinalis — p. ^otts-ooo^tal, Basilary pro- 
 cess. , *fe 
 
 PROMALACTE'RIUM, from rcgo, 'before,' 
 and fia\a<ra-w, 'I soften.' The room, in the an- 
 cient gymnasium in which the body was soft- 
 ened and anointed. One of the operations in 
 bathing. 
 
 PROMANUS, see Digitus, Pollex. 
 
 PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages. 
 
 PROMETO'PIS, Prometopid'ioh, from b-jo, 
 ' before,' arid fcsraToy, ' the forehead.' The skin 
 of theforehead. 
 
 PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance 
 — p. Annularis. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. 
 Corneae, Ceratocele — p. Ossis Continua, Apo- 
 physis. 
 
 PROMINENTIA ALBICANTES, Mam- 
 millary tubercles — p. Semiovales' Medullae Ob- 
 longatae. Corpora olivaria. ' 
 
 PROMONTORIUM, Promontory— p. Faciei, 
 Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri, see Sacrum. 
 
 PROM'ONTORY, Promonto'rium,- pro and 
 mons, mantis, 'a mountain,' seu Tuber seu Tu- 
 bfrosfitas Tym'pani. A small projection at the 
 inner paries of the cavity of the tympanum, 
 which corresponds to the external scala of the 
 cochlea, and especially to the outer side of , the 
 vestibule. .' 
 
 Promontory of thi^ Sacrum-, see Sacrum. 
 
 PRONATEUR C.4iJJK,g, Pronator radii qua- 
 dratusr-y. Grand ou rond, Pi'onator radii teres 
 — p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 PRONA'TION, Prona'tio, from pronus, 'in- 
 clined forwards.' . Anatomists understand, by 
 pronation, the motion by which the inferior ex- 
 tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, 
 and thus causes the hand to execute a kind of 
 rotation froiji Without inwards. 
 
 PRONA'TOH. That which produces the 
 rnotion of pronation.. This name has been given 
 to two of ihe muscles of the forearm. 
 
 Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres — p. Qua- 
 dratus, P. radii quadratus. 
 
 Pronator Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. giiddratus, 
 Quadratus ra'dii, P. quadratus seu transvers'us 
 (Wmslow), Pronator radii hrevis seu quadratus 
 (Cowper), (F.) Gubito-radial (Ch.), Petit ou 
 Carre pronateur. This muscle issituate at the 
 anterior, inferior, and profound part of the fore- 
 arm. It is flat and square, and is attached, 
 within, to the inferior quarter of the anterior 
 surface of the ulnar and, without, to the in- 
 ferior quarter of the anterior surface of the 
 radius. It produces the motion of pronation. 
 
 Pronator Radii Teres, P. teres Sive otli'- 
 quus (Winslow), (F.) Spitrochlo-radial (Ch.1, 
 Grand ou rond pronaienr. A muscle seated at 
 the upper and anterior part of the forearm. It 
 is long, flat, and larger above than below. It 
 
PRONAUS 
 
 704 
 
 PROSTATIC 
 
 is attached, above, to the inner tuberosity of the | 
 humerus and to the coronoid process of the 
 ulna. From thence it passes obliquely down- 
 wards and outwards, and terminates at the mid- 
 dle of the buter surfiice of the radius. It causes 
 the radius to turn on the ulna, to produce the 
 motion of pronation. It can, also, bend the 
 forearm on thq arm, and conversely. 
 
 Pkonatoe Teres, P. radii teres. 
 
 PRONAUS, Vestibulum. 
 
 FRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon. 
 
 PRONCEA, Prognosis. 
 
 FR ONOS TIC, Prognosis. 
 
 PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus. 
 
 prop'erties,"!phys'Ical of the tis- 
 sues. These axe fleadbility, etxtensibility and 
 elasticity, racornissement and imbibition. 
 
 PE.o,PEExiES, Vital. Those which depenii 
 upoa organization, as contractil'ity. 
 
 PROPHASIS, Prognosis. , . 
 
 PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylact'icus, Dia- 
 phylac'tic, Diaaos'tic, Synteret'ieUs;, Praseriia- 
 to'riiis, from jrjo, and ifu\aaaa, 'I defend.' A 
 preservative. 
 
 PROPHVLAX'IS, Prophylaae, Prophylac'- 
 ticg, Syntere'sis. ' Same etymon. Praserva'tio, 
 Pracau'iio, Prceeusto'dia. Preservative or pre- 
 ventive treatment. 
 
 PROP'OLIS, from 7150, 'before,' and Ttji* if, 
 ' city;' literally, 'that which is before the city.' 
 Ceranthe'mus, Coinnio'sis, Pee^b^read. A red, 
 resinous matter, with which the bees cover the 
 bottom of the hive. , Its fume has been esteemed 
 antiasthmatic. 
 
 PROP'OMA, from 7r;o, 'before,' no/ua, 'a 
 driilk.' Ancient name of a medicine, com- 
 posed of seven parts of honey and four of vn7ie. 
 It was drunk before a meal. — Paulus of jEging. 
 
 PROPORTIO, Symmetry. 
 
 PROPOSITUM, intention. 
 
 PROPOTIS'MOS. Same etymon. Prcepo'- 
 tio. An ancient flame for medicines which 
 were given t6 the patients before purging them, 
 and, in some sort, to prepare them- 
 
 PROPRIUS AURIS EXTERNiE, Retrahens 
 auris. 
 
 PROPTOMA, Prolapsus. 
 
 Propto'ma Auricula'k,tim, Parcesthe'sis au- 
 di' t^s flacca. Flap Ear. Lobe of the ear broad, 
 loose, ^and pendent from birth. — Good. 
 
 Pboptoma SoaoTi, Raohosis. 
 
 PROPTOSrs, Fro;lapsu3— p. >^Palpebrse, Ble- 
 pharoptosis — p. TJvulse, Staphyloedema. 
 
 PROPTYSIS. Expectoration. , 
 
 PRORA, Occiput. 
 
 PRORRHESIS, Prognosis. 
 
 PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Hsmorrhagia. 
 
 PROS, w^os. In composition, this prefix 
 generally signifies ' iri addition to,' ' over and 
 above,'-' besides.' 
 
 PROSARTHROSJS, Diarthrosis. 
 
 PROSBOLE, Impression. 
 
 PROSCHYSIS, Affusion. 
 
 PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutina- 
 tion. 
 
 PROSECTEUR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSECTIO, Anatomy. 
 
 PROSECTOR, Dissector. 
 
 PROSLEPSIS, Prehension. 
 
 PROSODOS, Aditus. 
 
 PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOP ANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSOPANTRI'TIS, from Prosopantra, the 
 
 frontal sinuses, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
 
 PROSO'PIS DULCIS. A tree of rather large 
 size, native of Peru. The fruit of this tree— 
 Pacay-^is a pod, from 20 to 'i4 inches long, con- 
 taining black seeds imbedded in a white, soft, 
 flaky substance; which last is eaten by the 
 Limeiios with pleasure.— TSehudi. 
 
 PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
 
 PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA, from ^ioawTrtr, 
 'the face,' Jut, 'with difliculty;' and «i!{<pii, 
 ' shape.' Malformation or atrophy of the fate, 
 ^as where the process of nutrition suffers from 
 diminished nervous influence. , 
 
 PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSOPON, Face. ^ - 
 
 PROSOPORRHEU'MA,KAezOTa«tym««/a'- 
 dei, from a-gso-us-or, 'face,' and f£i/|iia,''deflux- 
 ioM,' 'rheumatism.' Rheumatism affecting the 
 face. ■'' 
 
 PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy. 
 
 PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitasl 
 
 PROSPHORA, Prehension, 
 
 PROS'PHYSIS, Adnaseen'tia, Coalit'Ho, ' ad- 
 hesion, adherence, connexion,' from srgot, find 
 (fuca, ' I grow.' " In a more limited sense; this 
 word 'means morbid adhesion of the eyelids, 
 either between themselves, or with the globe of 
 the ■eye;' Anl-yloblepharon.' 
 
 PROS'TASIS, ji^iis-raaic, (vpo, and o-raoij, 
 'station,') 'superiority, preponderance;' same 
 etynSon.as Prostate. A jiredominance or abun- 
 dance of excrementitious humour. — ^HippOcr. 
 
 PROSTATA BARTHOLINI, Cowper's 
 glands in the female— p. Muliebrjs, Cowper's 
 glands in the female. 
 - PROSTATAL, Prostatic. 
 
 PROSTATAL'QIA,- from TrgcOTara, 'the 
 prostate,' and ulyos, 'pain.' Pain in the pros- 
 tate. 
 
 PROSTATE, nqoa-rara, from Tiqa, ' before,' 
 and ifffij^i, 'I stand.' — Pras'tata gldnd'ula, 
 Pros'tatai, P. glandulo'sx, Paras'tata adenai- 
 des sew glandulo'sa, Adstans, Paras'tatse, P. 
 gland'ulx, Pros'tatce adenoi'des, Testis minor. 
 Corpus glandulo' swmseu glando' sum, C.adeni- 
 ferme, C. glandiformi, C. glandulo'sum, C. 
 adenoi'des, Assisteii'tes glandula., Ads'tites 
 glandulosi;. the Prostate gland. A glandular, 
 cordiform body, of the size of a chestnut, situ- 
 ate before the neck of the bladder, behind the 
 ?ypaphysis pubis, and surrounding the first por- 
 tion of the urethra. Its excretory outlets, to 
 the number of 10 or 12, open into the part of 
 the urethra that traverses it, and pour into it a 
 whitish viscid humour, intended to lubricate 
 the interior of the Urethra, and to serve as a 
 Vehicle for the speTm in its ejaculation. 
 
 PROSTATELCO'SIS,from 7rfo<rTaT«, < pros- 
 tate,' and '«Mto£, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the 
 prostate. 
 
 PROSTATES INFARIEVRFiS, Cowper's 
 glan4s — p. PHites, Cowper's glands. 
 
 PROSTATTC, Prostat'icus,Pros'tatal. That 
 which relates to the prostate. Winslow has 
 named — Superior Prostatic Muscles—ligaxneiAs 
 which pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of 
 the prostate. He, also, calls — Inferior prostatic 
 Muscles — the fleshy flbres, which, from the late- 
 ral parts of the urethra, near its membranous 
 portion, pass to be inserted into the pubis. 
 
PRO^TAlfCUS SUPERIOR 
 
 703 
 
 PRUNELLA 
 
 PaosTATic Bisec'tor, An instrument em- 
 played by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the 
 bilateral operation of lithotomy. In form it re- 
 sembles a large olive, with a beak at the extre- 
 mity, with catting edges at the sides parallel 
 to its longest axis, and with a straight handle.. 
 
 Prostatic LiQtiOR, Liquor prostat'icus. The 
 fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes 
 with the sperm during emission. 
 
 Prostatic Portion of the Urethra. The 
 part of the canal of the urethra included by the 
 prostate: it is about 15 lines long. 
 
 PROSTATIGUS SUPERIOR, Compressor 
 prostatas. ' 
 
 PROSTATI'TIS, Inflanuma'tio Pros'tatce, 
 from TtgorTitTo, 'the prostate,' and itis, deBot- 
 ing inflammation. Inflammation of theprostate. 
 
 PROSTATOGELE, Prostatoncus. 
 
 PRGSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Ttmor 
 pros'tatse, from Trqoir-ia-ta, ' the prostate,' and 
 ayxo:;, 'a tumour.' Swelling of the prostate. 
 
 PROSTATOPAREC'TASIS, from nqo^rii.- 
 Tit, 'prostate,' and nafsxisivtii, 'to extend.' 
 Enlargement of the prostate j. also, induration of 
 the same, Prostacoscirrhus . 
 
 PROSTATOSCIRRHUS, see Prostatopargc- 
 tasip. 
 
 PROSTERNID'IUM, from a-go, ' before,' and 
 ^■ci^ror, 'the sternum.' Any agent applied to 
 the anterior part of the chest ; a plaster to the 
 
 PROSTHESIS, Prothesis. 
 
 PROSTHETA, Subdita. 
 
 PRQSTHIUM, Penis. 
 
 PROSTQM'IA, Commissu'ra labia' rum; hora 
 rrqi, 'before,' and o-TO;iia, 'mouth.' The com- 
 missure of the lips. 
 
 PROSTRA'TION, Prostra'tio vi'rium, (F.) 
 Prostration des forces, AbattemeTti. Great de- 
 pression of strength. Almost -total loss of 
 power over the muscles of locomotion. 
 
 PRO'TEAN, Pro'tdform, Proteiform'is, 
 from Proteus, who could assume various shapes. 
 Assuming different shapes. 
 
 PROTEIFORMIS, Protean. 
 
 Proteiform'is Morbus. A disease which 
 assumes various characters. 
 
 FRO'TEiN,Pro<ei«e,Profei'«a:fromTgiiT!i/<o, 
 ' I take first rank.' A product of the decoiiipo- 
 sition of albumen, &c,., by potassa. When ani- 
 mal albumen, fibrin or, casein is dissolved in 
 a moderately strong solution of caustic potassa, 
 and the solution is exposed for some time to a 
 high temperature, these substances are decom- 
 posed. The addition of acetic acid causes, an 
 all three, the separation of a gelatinous trans- 
 lucent precipitate which has exactly the same 
 characters and composition, This is protein. 
 —Mulder. - 
 
 Protein is the basis of animal and vegetable 
 fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, 
 which have been, consequently, classed under 
 the "proteinaceous alimentary principle," by 
 
 PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous. 
 
 PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceous, Proteino'- 
 sas. . Of, or belonging to protein;r-as "a pro- 
 teinous alimentary principle." 
 
 PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES, Mam- 
 millary eminences. 
 
 PROTH'ESIS, Pros'thesis, Adjunc'tio, Ad- 
 jec'tio, Appoai"tio, 'addition, application;' from 
 ng9(, 'in addition to,' and ti^ijjki, ' I put.' That 
 
 part of surgery whose object is to add to the 
 human body soipe artificial part, in place of one 
 that may be wanting, as a wooden leg, an arti- 
 ficial eyff, &c. 
 
 PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney. 
 
 PROTOGALA, Colostrum. 
 
 PROTOIATROS, Archiater. 
 
 PROTOMEDICUS, Archiater. 
 
 PROTOMUS, Dissector. 
 
 PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia. 
 
 PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri. 
 
 PROTRUSION, Prolapsus. 
 
 PROTU'BERANCE, Protuberan'tia; Extu- 
 bera'tio, Prominen'tiaf Ba&rescen'tia, Etctube- 
 ran'tia, from pro, 'before^i and tuber, 'a pro- 
 jection.' {V.) Basse. A name given to r^ugh, 
 unequal protuberances, seen at the surface of 
 certain organs ; the parietal protuberances, occi- 
 pital protuberances, annular protuberances, &tf. 
 ^ Protuberance, Akmular, Pons Yarolii — p. 
 Cerebral, Medulla oblongata. Pons Varolii-^T?. 
 CylindriXde, Cornu ammonis. 
 
 PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence— p. Annu- 
 laris Willisii, fons Varolii — p; Cylindrica, 
 Cbrnu ammonis. 
 
 PROTUSOR, Detrusor urinie; 
 
 PROULIMATE'SIS. A word employed by 
 Forestus for hernia of the stomach. 
 
 PROUNEj Prunus domestica. 
 
 PROVERBS, MEDICAL . A proverbial ex- 
 pression frequently contains sound sense in it^ 
 directions. In medicine, the greatest collection 
 is in the Regimen' of Health of the School of Sa- 
 lernum, composed in the 11th century, by John 
 of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often 
 inculcated, we frequently; meet with the reverse. 
 
 Most of the proverbs are'hygienic. The fol- 
 lowing are a^ few. 
 
 1 . Qu' hprhs la sotipe un coupe d' excellent vin 
 jTire un ecu de la poche du mededn. 
 
 2. Surge quinta, prande nana, ocena quintd, 
 
 dqrmi nana, nee estrmorti vita prona, 
 
 3. Nunquam recti corpus exerceri sine animo, 
 
 neque aiiimum sine corpore posse. - 
 
 4. Viande bien machee est a demi digeree, 
 
 5. Optimiumi candim^ntum fames. 
 Appetite is the best sauce. 
 
 6. , Plures occidit gula quam gladius. 
 
 7. Early to bed and early to rise. 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.' 
 
 8. One man's meat's another man's poison. 
 
 9. An ounce of prevention is better than a 
 
 pound of cure. 
 
 PROVERSIO, Anteversion. 
 
 PROyiNS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Chalybeate springs in the department of Seine 
 et Marne, France, which contain carbonic acid 
 and iron. 
 
 PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary. 
 
 PRUNA, Anthrax. 
 
 PRUNE, Prunum. 
 
 PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, Aphthae, Cy- 
 nanche. Pupil. 
 
 Peukel'la, p. vulga'ris, Consol'ida minor, 
 Sym'phytum minus. Self-heal, Heal-all, Bugle, 
 (F.) Prunelle, Brunelle; Family, Labiatae. 
 Sex. Syst,_ Didynamia Gymnospermia. This 
 plant has been recommended as an astringent, 
 in heinorrhages and fluxes ; and, also, in gar- 
 
PRUNELLA SAL 
 
 706 
 
 PRUSSIAN BLUE 
 
 gles against aphthae, and in inflammation of the 
 fauces. 
 
 PRUNELLA SAL, Potassse nitras fusns sul- 
 phatis paiicillo miztus. 
 
 PRXINELLB, Prunella, Pupil. 
 
 PRUNELLIERi Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNELLOE,Prunum Brignolense. 
 
 PRUNES, see Prunum— p. Pulp of, Pruni 
 Pulpa. 
 
 PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes. Take of 
 prunes a sufficient quaptity, soften them in the 
 vapour of boiling water, and having separated 
 the stones', beat the remainder iff a marble 
 mortar and press it through a hair-sieve.-^ 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 ' PBUNIER, Prunus do|nestica — p. Sauvage, 
 Prunus spinosa. 
 
 PRUNUM'. XJ?lum,d^Prune. Three sorts 
 of plunas have been usually ranked aipongst 
 the articles of the materia medica. 1 . 'Phe 
 Prunum BrigTwlen'se;, the Brignole plum, or 
 Prunel'loe; from Brignole in Provence. It is 
 of a reddish-yellow colour; and. has a very 
 grateful, sweet, subacid taste, 2. Ths Prtmum 
 Gal'licum, Prunum (Ph. U. S.),, the Fxensh 
 Prune ; and 3. ' The Prunum Da^asce'nu/m or 
 Darnson, Brah'ylon. All these possess the same 
 general qualities as the other summer fruits. 
 They are emollient and layative. 
 
 PmrNUM Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola. 
 
 PRUNUS ARMENIACA. The A'pricot, 
 Apneocl:, Rericoe'ce, jSsg/Koxxi;, Pracoc'ia, (F.) 
 Airieot. i'ams/y, Rosacea?. Sex.Syst.lcosBXi- 
 dria Monogynia. The apricot, Mdum Armenia- 
 eum, when ripe, is easily digested, and con- 
 sidered as a great delicacy. 
 
 Peunus A'viuJtt. — ^The. Blach Cherry Tree, 
 Cer'asus A'vium, (F.) Mirisier. The fruit 
 is eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree, the 
 properties of which are similar to those of gum 
 Arabic. 
 
 Prdmcs Capui-in, (S.) Capulies, grows in 
 the open fields of Peru ; and is cultivated in garr 
 dens in the towns. The fruit is acid, and not 
 often eaten ; but on account of its agreeable 
 odour it is used in making Fucheros de 
 Jlores; or with qdoj^iferous, flowers to perfume 
 linen. — Tschudi, 
 
 PntJNUS Cee'asus., The Red Cherry Tree; 
 (F.) Cerisier. The fruit Cer'aswm, Cera'sion, 
 has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour. It is 
 wholesome. 
 
 Prunus DoMes'tioa. The Plum, or Damson 
 tree^ Coccyme'leaf Proune, (F.) Prunier ordi- 
 naire. The, damson, when perfectly ripe, af- 
 fords a wholesome fruit for pies, tarts, &c. It 
 is gently laxative. See Prunijm. 
 
 Prunus Invi'tia. The Bullace Plum Tree. 
 The fruit of this tree is used like the d&mson. 
 
 Prunus Lauro-Cer'as^s, Poison Laurel, 
 Cherry Laurel, Common Laurel,' Lauro cer'- 
 asUs, Cer'asus Lauro-Cer'asus, (Fi) Laurier- 
 eirise, L. am,andier. The leaves have a bit- 
 ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter 
 almonds. The flowers have a similar flavour. 
 The powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils, 
 excite sneezing. The flavour of the leaves has 
 given occasion to their being employed in tarts, 
 custards, &c.; but in large quantitie? they are 
 poisonous. The poisonous principle is the 
 Prussic acid. The distilled water, called Laurel- 
 water, is poisonous. (See Poisons, Table of.) 
 
 Prunus Padus, Padus, Cer'asus Padus, Cer'- 
 
 asus racemo'sus sylves'tris, Wild cluster or 
 Bird Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier a, grappea, 
 Bois puant. The bark of the tfee has a fra- 
 grant smellj and a bittei; subastringent taste, 
 somewhat similar to that of bitter ^Imonds. It 
 has been recommended in intermittents, &c. in 
 the form of decoction. The berries have been 
 used in dysentery. 
 
 Prunus Sebestina, Sebestina. 
 
 Prunus Spino'sa. The Sloe Tree, P. syl- 
 ves'tns, Agrioeoccime'lea, Agru'na, Agrune'la, 
 (F.) Prunellier, Prunier sauvage. The fruits- 
 tile sloe-r-is sometimes employed jn gargles, 
 and was formerly much used in hemorrhage, 
 owing to its astringent properties. The Aoa'- 
 cia nostras^ A. Germ,an'ica, &uccus aeapise nos^ 
 tra'tis, S. Gertnani'cseinspissa'tus, is obtained 
 from this. . i " v 
 
 Prunus SyLVESTRis, P.Spinpsa; 
 
 Prunus Virginia'na, Cer'asus sero'tina, Q. 
 Virginia'tia, Wild Cherry Tree, (F,) Cerisier de 
 Vixginie. The barkof this tree has been found 
 useful in intermitteiits. The leaves are poison- 
 ous to certain animals, and the berries intoxi- 
 cate difierent kinds of tirds. The Indians 
 use the bark in the cure of syphilis, , It is bit- 
 ter and astringent, and possesses some aroma- 
 tic warmth, and, likewise, a narcotic quali'^y. 
 It- is stimulant and t-onic. The leaves contain 
 Prussic acid. The. distilled oil of the bark is 
 veryi nearly identical vtrith that of the bitter 
 almond. A strong dpeoetion of the bark is 
 anthelmintic: 
 
 PRURI'GO, i'rKW.iws, Chris' ma; fioiaprurio, 
 ' I itch.' This word is often used synony- 
 mously with itching. Willan and Bateman 
 use the terin for a genus of cutaneous dis- 
 eases, the characteristic symptoms, of which 
 are a severe itching, accompanied by an erup- 
 tion of papulae of nearly the same colour as the 
 adjoining cuticle ; Cnesmos, Scabies papviji- 
 fovm'is, Exor'miapruri'go. It afiects the whole 
 surface of the skin, under three varieties of 
 form.jT — the P. mitis, P .forini' cans, P. seni'lis, 
 &c. as well as some parts of the body, as the 
 P. pad'jicis, and P. puden'di m,uHe'bfis seu Pu- 
 den'ddgra pru'riens. ^ 
 
 PfiuRiso Pewcularis, Phtheiriasi^. 
 
 PiSJTiJiT, Itching. 
 
 PRURITUS, Gargale, Itching, Prurigo. 
 
 PRUSSIAN BLUE, J'erj-MOT ZloWidum, F. 
 Borus'sicum, F. Cyanogena'tum., F, oxydula'r 
 turn hydrocyan'icwm, Ferri Ferroey'anas, P. 
 Ferrocyanure'tum, Borus'sias Ferri, Cceru'-. 
 leum~ Borus'sicum, C. Berolinen'sS, Prussias 
 Ferri, Sydrocy'anas Ferri, Ferri Cyanur&'tum, 
 Ferri percyan'idum, Trito-hydro-ferrocy'anai» 
 of iron, Ferrocyan'uret of iron, Ferro-prus' diat* 
 of iron, (F.) Bleu de Prusse. In the Pharma- 
 copoeia of the. United States, (1843) the pure 
 salt is directed to be made as follows : Ferri 
 Sulph. §iv. acid sulph. f. Jiiiss, acid nitric. 
 f. gvj or q. s., potassii ferrocyanv,ret. Jivss, 
 aqud^, Oij. Dissolve the sulphate in a pint of 
 water, and having added the sulphUrlc acid, 
 boil the solution. Pour into it the nitric acid, 
 in small portions, boiling the liquid for a minute 
 or two after each addition, until it no longer 
 produces a dark colour ; then allow the liquid 
 to cool. Dissolve the ferrocyanuret of potas- 
 sium in the remainder of the water, and add 
 this solution gradually to the first liquid, agi- 
 tating the mixture ^fter each addition; then 
 
PSALIDIUM 
 
 707 
 
 PSOAS MAGNUS 
 
 pour it ijpon a filter. Wash . the precipitate 
 witli toiling water until the washings, pass 
 tasteless. Lastly, dry and rub into powder. 
 This salt is chiefly U3,ed in the preparation of 
 the hydrocyanic acid and the cywuret of mer- 
 cury. It has heen a,dvised in the treatment of 
 intermittents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. 
 Externally, it has been applied to - ill-condi- 
 tioned ulcers. (5j to |j, of cerate.) Dose, 
 four to six grains. 
 
 FSALIDIUM, Fornix. 
 
 PSALIS, Fornix, Scissors. 
 
 PSALTERIUM, Lyra. 
 
 PSAMM^,, see Gravel. 
 
 PSAMMIS'MUS> Am/mis'7i(ma, Gammis'mus, 
 frpni »iCaji^os, 'sandj' Jircna'tio. The appli- 
 ce^tion of sand to any, part of the body for the 
 cure of disease. — Faulus. 
 
 PSAMMODES, Sabulous, 
 
 PSAMMUS, see Gravel. 
 
 PSELLIS'MUS, \^K>,urm<it, from TpiUi^u, ' I 
 stutter.' Imp^fect or depraved state of the 
 articulation. A genUs in the class Pneumatiea; 
 eider Flumica, of Good. 
 
 PsELLisMus Nasitas, Rhinophonia — p. Rho- 
 t^eismus, Rotaoism. 
 
 PSELLOTES, Balbuties. 
 
 PSEUDAC'OE, Psevdacoi'a, Pseudem'i'a, 
 ham\fiBviiqi;,' iaXse,' aniuMri, 'audition.' Pseu- 
 dacmisis; False hearing. 
 
 PSEtlDACORUS, Iris pseudacoius. 
 
 PSEUD^STHE'SfA, Sens-us' perver'sus, 
 from ■xjjojSrii;, 'false,' and onrS-avo^ai, 'I feel.' 
 Partypsis iiiuso'ria, Pssu'daphCf Pseudaph'ia. 
 Depraved feeling. Imaginary sensfi of touch 
 or general feeling in organs that have no exis- 
 tence. Common to those who have suffered 
 amputation ; and in hypochondriacs and the in* 
 sane. 
 
 PSEUDALEI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
 
 PSEUD ANGUSTURINUM, Brucine. 
 
 PSEUD APHE, Pseudseathesia. 
 
 PSEUDART HRO'SIS, Pseudarticula'tio, 
 Psimdartic'ulus; Articida'tio notha seu artifi- 
 na'lis, from -ifitvim, 'false,' and a^^/^av, 'z. 
 joint.' A false joint or articulation. 
 
 PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis. 
 
 PSEUDECOIA, Pseudacoe. 
 
 PSEUDENCE PH'ALUS, Paraceph'alus, 
 from ifjtvdnc, ' false,' and Byxiipa/loji ■' the ence- 
 phalon.' A monster whose cranium is open in 
 its whole extent from before to behind, its base 
 supporting a vascular tumour .^G. St. Hilaire. 
 
 PSEUDO, False — p. Asthma, Dyspneea., 
 
 VSEVDO^L^V'SIA,Pseudo6lep3is,Psezedo- 
 ra'sis, Suffu'sio oc'uli, from ifiivSm,' ' false,' and 
 ^Ksifis, 'sight;' Pseudops'i^, Parop'sis illu- 
 ao'ria, Suffu'sio, Phantas'ma, False ^ight. A 
 generic name, used by Cullen for perversion of 
 vision. See Metamorphopsia. 
 
 PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Parbpsis. 
 
 PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer 
 aquaticus. 
 
 PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymieum. 
 
 PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false^p. Cye- 
 sis molaris, Mole, 
 
 PSEUDOENCEPHALITIS, Hydrendepha- 
 loid disease. 
 
 PSEUDOGEU'SIA, Pseudogeu'sis, Pseuio- 
 geus'iia, from ifituStjs, ' false,'and yeva-i;, ' taste.' 
 Sallueina'tio gustiis^. False taste."* 
 
 PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia. 
 
 VSEVDOLV^N, Pseitdospien, , Qlands situ- 
 
 ate in the neighbourhood of the spleen ; proba- 
 bly, lymphatic glands- 
 
 PSEUDOMECHOACANA, ConvolvnJu* 
 panduratus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEDICUS, CharMftn-^i-. Metn^ 
 brum, Membrane, false — p. Meninx, Mem- 
 brane, false — p. Metamorphosis polyposa, Poly- 
 pus. 
 
 PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false, 
 
 PSEUDOPERiPNEUMONIAj Peripneumo- 
 nia notha. 
 
 PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RE- 
 SOLUTiVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastror 
 
 PSEUDQPHTHI'SIS. False phthisis,. Ema- 
 ciation occasioned by othet cause ihsfi organic 
 lesion of the lungs.' 
 
 PSEUDOPLAS'MATAjfrom rf»S>if, ' false,' 
 and ■n-Xaaam, ' I form.' A t?rm afiplied to ma- 
 lignant heterologous tumours, — rVogel. 
 
 PS E U D P L E U R ITIS, Pleurodynia^p. 
 Polypi, see Polypi-rrrp. Pyrethrum, Achillea 
 ptarmica— p. Spleen, Pseudolien. 
 
 PSEUDQPNEUMONI A, Peripneumonia no- 
 Iha. 
 
 P^EUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia 
 notha- 1 ■ 
 
 PSEUDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia. 
 PSEUDORASiS, Pseudoblepsia. 
 FSEUDOREX'IA, Pseudorex'is,-' from i/jsu- 
 i»t,' false,' and Of sf It, 'appetite.' False appetite. 
 PSEUDOS'MIA, Pseudosphre'sia, Pseudos- 
 phre'siSjiiomil/eviTis, 'false,' and oir^n, ' smell.' 
 False sense of smell. 
 PSEUDOSPHRESIA, Pseudosmia. 
 PSEUDOSYPHILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphi- 
 lis. ' • • - , 
 
 ' PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia. 
 PSEUDOVARIOL^, Varicella. 
 PSEUDTMEN, Membrane, false. 
 PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM. The Apple Gua- 
 va, Guava, Guayava. This plant and P.Pyrif- 
 erum bear fruits ; those of the former like ap- 
 ples,^of the latter like pears. The apple kind 
 has an acid flavour, the other- is sweet. Of the 
 inner pulp of either, the natives of th? Indies 
 inake jellies ; and, of the outer rind, tarts, raarr 
 maladies, &c. They are somewhat astringent ; 
 this quality, indeed, exists in every part of the 
 tree, and abundantly in the leaf buds, which are 
 occasionally boiled with barley and liquorice as 
 an excellent drink in diarrhoea. - A simple, de- 
 coction of the leaves is said to be useful in the 
 itch and most cutaneous eruptions. 
 PSILOSIS, I>epilation. 
 PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba. Depilatory. 
 PSIMMYTHON, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 PSOA, Dysodia. , 
 
 PSO^, PsoicB, PsycB, Lumbi, ' the loins,' 
 Alpp'eces, Nepi,rome'trse, Ifeurome'tres. The 
 psosB muscles. 
 
 PSOAS MAGNUS,Pjoa« &enlu^ha'ris rnter'- 
 nusj Pre-lovibo-troohantin, Pri-lombo^trochait;- 
 tinien (Ch.,) Femur moven'tiv/m seastus, A 
 muscle, seated on the lateral parts of the lum- 
 bar portion of the vertebral column; and pass- 
 ing down to the superior and anterior part of 
 the thigh. It is long; fusiform; and attached, 
 above, to the body and transverse pripcesges of 
 the first four lumbar vertebras, and last dorsal. 
 Below, it terminates, by a very thick tendon, 
 common to it and the iliaous muscle, — which is 
 inserted into the top of the lesser trochanter. 
 
PSODYMUS 
 
 708 
 
 PSYCHROPHOBIA 
 
 This muscle bends the thigh upon the pelvis, 
 and carries it in rotation outwards. It may, 
 also, hand the pelvis on the thigh, snii the loins 
 on the pelvis. It acts considerably in station 
 and progression. > 
 
 J'soAS PaeVus, Pr'e-lombo-puhien, (Ch.) A 
 muscle situate anteriorly to the last^ It is 
 long, thin, flat, and narrow ; and is attaiched, 
 above, /to the body of the last dorsal vertebra, 
 and below, to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means 
 of a slender, tendon, which furnishes two expan- 
 sions — one to the Iliac aponeurosis, and the 
 other to the pelvis. This muscle bends th,e ver- 
 tebral column on the pelvis ; and, reciprocally, 
 the pelvis on the vertebral column. 
 
 PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus. 
 
 PSOIjE, Psoeb. 
 
 PSOi'TE, Psoitis. 
 
 PSOI'TIS, Xnjiainmatio mus'culi. Psoas, 
 Jjwiriba'go inJlaTwmato'ria s-pasTnad'ica, (F.) 
 Fsoite, Infiatntnation du inuscle Psoas, From 
 i/zoai, 'the loins,' and if is, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the psoag muscles and of the 
 parts situate before the lumbar vertebrae : ac- 
 companied, from its commencement, by consi- 
 derable fever, violent pains in the part affected 
 and in the thigh of the same side, which remains 
 commonly half bent. Psoitis may terminate 
 by suppuration, and form lumbar abscess. 
 
 PSOLE, tfmi^ri, ' the male organ :' also, the 
 glans when uncovered. 
 
 PSOLON, Membrosus. 
 
 PSOLON'CUS, from V""^"?) and oyxo;, 'a 
 tumour.' Swelling of the glans, or of the penis 
 generally. 
 
 PSOLtJS, from \po^. One who has the glans 
 Uncovered. One who has been circumcised. 
 
 PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope. 
 
 PSOPHOS, Tpo(fo;, 'a noise.' A loud noise; 
 a hollow sound. 
 
 PSORA, from Tf/mia, ' I touch, I feel.' Sea'bies, 
 Pklysis Scabies, Ecpye'sis scabies, Scabiola, 
 Itch, Scratch, (F.) Gale, Mai Saint-Main, 
 Rogne. A contagious eruption of v6ry minute 
 pimples — pustular, vesicular, papular, inter- 
 mixed, an4 alternating, itching intolerably and 
 terminating in scabs. It seems to be connected 
 with an insect of the genus Acarus ; — the Ac'- 
 arus seu Sarcbp'tes sen Sarcop'tus seu Phthi'rium 
 Scabiei, Ac'arus Ciro, (F.) Ciron. The itch 
 occupies, particularly, the spaces between the 
 fingers, the back of the hands, wrists, elbows, 
 axillse, groins, hams, &c., and rarely affects the 
 face. The best applications, for its cure, are, 
 — ^the Xfnguentum Sulphuri-s or TJng. SvZph. 
 comp. night and morning; but the unpleasant 
 smell of the sulphur has given occasion to the 
 use of other means; — as the White Hellebore, 
 Potass in deliquescence. Muriate of Ammonia, 
 Sulphuric Add, &c. The repugnance to the 
 smell of sulphur ought not, however, to be re- 
 garded ; especially as, in the course of four or 
 five days, it will, in almost all cases, produce 
 a perfect cure. 
 
 PsoEA Agria, Psoriasis inveterata — p. Le- 
 prosa. Psoriasis — p. Squamosa, Psoriasis. 
 
 PSORA'LEA GLANDUX0'SA,4foayKi«'3. 
 Family, Leguminosae. Secc. Syst, Diadelphia 
 Decandria. A shrub, used in Chili as a vulne- 
 rary. 
 
 Psoea'lea Pentaphtl'la, Psora'lia, Con- 
 trayer'va nova, Mex'ican Contrayer'va. The 
 root is little, if at all, inferior to the contra- 
 
 yerva in its medical properties; which, by the 
 by, are unimportant. 
 
 PSORALIA, Psoralea pentaphylla. 
 
 PSORENTERIA, Cholera. 
 
 PSORI'ASIS, formerly, the state of being 
 aflfected withi^wpa. Lepido'sispsori'asis, Serpe'- 
 do, Serpi'go,Impeti'go (of some), Sea'bies sic'ea, 
 S^feri'na, Psora lepro^sa, P, s,qua/nio' sa. Scaly 
 Tetter, Dry Scale, JDry Scall, (F.) Dartre squa- 
 meuse lichenoide, D, ecailleuse, Gratelle, Gale 
 miliare, G. canine ou seche. A cutaneous af- 
 fection, consisting of patches of rough, amor- 
 phous^ scalesj cotltinuous or of indeterminate 
 outline: skin often chappy. Psoriasis occurs 
 under a considerable variety of forms. The 
 surfece, under the scales, is mor6 tender and 
 irritable than in lepra,' which psoriasis, in some 
 respects, resembles. Dr. Willan has given 
 names to eleven varieties of psoriasis : the chief 
 of which are the Psoriasis gutta'ta, P. diffu'sa 
 (one form of which is the Baker's Itch, and 
 Grocer's Itch, and another the Washerwoman's 
 Scall,) the P. gyra'ta, and P. invetera'ta sen 
 Psora a'gria. The treatment of psoriasis must 
 be antiphlogistic, with the internal use of the 
 fixed alkalies, sulphur, &c. The irritable kinds 
 do better without any, local application. The 
 more local and less inflammatory are amelio- 
 rated by emollient and soothing applications; 
 or by slightly stimUating, means, sea-bathing, 
 the fling, hydrarg. nitrico-oxyd., Xing, oxidi 
 zinci, &c. 
 
 PSO'RICUS. That which has the nature of 
 itch. A medicine for curing the itch. 
 
 PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
 
 PSY«, PsoiB. ' ■ 
 
 PSYCHAGOGA, Psychagogica. 
 
 'PSYCTiKGO'GlCA,Psychagq'ga^Tomfuxn, 
 'life/ 'soul,' and ayw, '1 lead.' Medicines 
 which resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as 
 in syncope and apoplexy^ 
 
 PSYCHE, Anima. 
 
 PSYCHIATRI'A, from V";?"?, 'mind,' and 
 ittzpeia, 'healing.' Treatment of diseases of 
 the mind. 
 
 PSY'CHICAL; Psy'chicus, from i/'";f1. 
 'mind.' That which relates to the mind or 
 mental endowments. 
 
 PSYCHOL 'OGY, Psycholog"ia, from U/ujfi,, 
 ' mind,' and ^oyos, ' discourse.' A treatise on 
 the intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the 
 intellectual and moral faculties or sphere. 
 
 PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Psychonosolog"ia, 
 from yjvycV! ' mind,' voang, ' disease,' and Aoyof, 
 'a description.' The doctrine of, or a treatise 
 on, diseases of the mind. 
 
 ?SYCI10'R'AGES,Agoni'zans,Moritun'dus, 
 Mor'ibund, fiom ipv^rj, ' mind,' and payi), ' rup- 
 ture.' Dying. In Artieulo Mortis. 
 
 PSYCHORAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 
 PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death. 
 
 PSYCHOS, Cold. 
 
 PSYCHO'SES,fromvu;f)I, 'mind.' Neuroses 
 of the intellect. Diseases of the mind. 
 
 PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica. 
 
 PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica-T-p. Emetica, 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica ofiicinalig. 
 
 PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from 
 tpvXQog, ' cold,' and iouo), ' I wash.' A cold bath. 
 
 PSYCHROPHOB'IA, from v«/f o<;, 'cold,' and 
 ipo/ios, ' fear.' Dread of cold, especially of cold 
 water. Impressibility to cold. 
 
PSYCHTICA 
 
 709 
 
 PTERYGOID 
 
 PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants. 
 PSYDRA'CIAj quasi, xlivitQa 'viQaxid, ' cold 
 drops.' The ancients sometimes used this 
 term for pimples; at otheisitpv /vesicles, Wil- 
 lan and Bateman define Psydraehlm to be, a 
 small pustule, often irregularly circumscribed, 
 producing bat a slight elevation of the cuticle, 
 and terminating in a laminated scab. Many of 
 the psydracia usually appear together, and be- 
 come confluent; and, after the discharge of pus, 
 they pour oat a thin, watery humour; wh,ich 
 frequently forms an irregular incrustation. 
 Frank limits, the term to a ps'oriform eruption, 
 which differs from itch in not originating from 
 an insect, and which is not contagious; — per- 
 haps the lichen. Authors have differed regard- 
 ing its acceptation. 
 PsYDEAciA Acme, Acne. 
 PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium. 
 PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica— p. Monta- 
 na, Arnica montana. 
 PTARMICUM, Errhihe, Sternutatory. 
 PTARMDS, Sneezing. 
 PTELEA, Ulmus. 
 
 PTERIGO-STAPHYLINUS INTERNUS, 
 Levator palati — p* Syndes'mo-staphyli-phwryn- 
 gien, Constrictor pharyngis. 
 PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
 Pteris Aquili'na, 'Eagles' Wings,' so called 
 from its leaves. Pter'ia, Thelyp'teris , Filix 
 Nymphce'a, Common Braie or Female Fern; 
 Filix fa'mina, (F.) Fougere femelle, Lagrdnde 
 Fougire.. :Nat. Ord. Filices. The root is con- 
 sidered to be anthelmintic ; and as efficacious 
 OB that of the male fern in cases of tape-wOrm, 
 PTERNA, Calcapeum. 
 i'TERNIUM, Calcaneum. 
 PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus. , 
 
 PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino- 
 p. Sandalinus, P. Santalinus. 
 
 Pterocar'pus Santali'mus, p. Sandali'nus, 
 Swn'talum. seu San'dalwm Ruhrum, Red San' 
 ders OT Saunders Tree, Family, Iteguminosse 
 Sex, Syst, Diadelphia Decahdria.' Red Saun- 
 ders TKOoA,^ San'talum (Ph. U. S.,) Lignum 
 tandali'num is used only as a colouring matter : 
 it gives to rectified spirit a fine deep red. The 
 juice of this tree, like that of P. Draco, affords 
 a species of Dragon's blood, 
 
 PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDEA,, Scaly 
 Dragon claw. Dragon root. Fever root, Albany 
 beech-drop. An ilidigenous plant, Nat. Ord, 
 Mpniotropeas, S^x.Syst, I)ecandria Monogynia; 
 — found in the state of IN ew York, which blos- 
 soms in July. The root has been regarded as 
 an anthelmintic, diuretic, emmenagogue, &c.: 
 but it is not used. 
 
 PTERYG'ION,J^ryg-'«««,4ia,from7iT!ev?, 
 'awing.' A small wing. Onyx, Pyo'sis, Un- 
 guis, (F.) Drapeau, Onglet, A varicose ex- 
 crescence of the conjunctiva, of a triangular 
 shape, and commonly occurring at the innfer 
 angle of the eye ; whence it extends over the 
 cornea. Sometimes two or three pterygia oc- 
 cur on the same eye, and covet the whole cor- 
 nea with a thick veil, which totally prevents 
 vision. According to Scarpa, the ancients gave 
 the name Pannic'ulus to this last complication. 
 If the pterygion cannot be dispelled by means 
 of discutient collyria, it must be removed by 
 the scissors. 
 
 PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula— p. Lar- 
 daceum, Pinguecula— p. Pingue, Pinguecula. 
 
 PTERYGQ-ANGULI-M AXILLAIRE, Pte- 
 rygoideus internus — p, Colli-maxillaire, Ptery- 
 goideus externus — p. Maxillaire, grand, Ptery- 
 goideus internus — p, Maxillaire, petit, Ptery- 
 goideus externus — p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid 
 canal — p. Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — 
 p. Staphylinus, Circumflexus. 
 
 PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE, Pterygo-palati'- 
 nus. That which belongs to, the pterygoid 
 process and palate. 
 ~ Ptertgo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha- 
 ryngeal is a y^ry small artery, and is given off 
 by the internal maxillary at the bottom of the 
 zygo^natic fossa: after having passed through 
 the pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed to 
 the superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid 
 bone, and the Eustachian tube. 
 
 Pterygo-Palat'ine Canal. A small canal, 
 formed by the internal al a of the pterygoid pro- 
 cess, and the palate bone. It gives passage to 
 the vessels of the same name. 
 
 PTERYGODES, Alatus. . 
 
 PTER'YGOID, PterygoVdes, Pterygoidens, 
 Alifor'mis; from titsj/uS, 'awing,' and eiios, 
 ' form.' ' A name given to two processes at the 
 inferior surface of the sphenoid bone ; the two 
 laminae which form them having been compared 
 to wings. Thesd alx oi. wings or processes, — 
 Proces'sus aliform'es,-'ha.ve been distinguished, 
 according to their position, into internal and 
 external, i * 
 
 Pterygoid Artery, FiS'ifflW Artery, Ram'ulus 
 Ductus Pterygo'idei, Arte'ria pharynge'a su- ' 
 pre'ma, arises from the internal maxillary, artery, 
 at the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters 
 the pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same 
 name,, to proceed to be distributed on the Eu- 
 stachian tube and velum palati. The name, 
 pterygoid arteries, is likewise given to the 
 branches, which the internal maxillary and 
 som^ of its divisions, as the meningea media, 
 and posterior temporalis profunda, furnish to 
 the pterygoid muscles, behind the neck of the 
 lower jaw. 
 
 FTEttYGOiD Bone, Sphenoid. 
 
 Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal. Ductus 
 pterygoideus, CamaHisTidia'nus, (F.) Conduit 
 pterygdidien ou Vidien, Pterygo-palatine canal, 
 is a narrow channel, which traverses, in a di- 
 rection from before to behind, the base of the 
 pterygoid process, and gives passage to the 
 pterygoid nerve. The foramina of the sphe- 
 noid, which terminate the canals, have the same 
 epithets applied to them. 
 
 Pterygoid Fossa, Fossa Pterygoidea, (F.") 
 Fosse pterifgoidienne ou pterygoide, is the de- 
 pression which separates the two laminse or 
 alae of the pterygoid process. 
 
 Pterygoid Mds'cleSj Ala'res mtis'culi, Ali- 
 form'es mus'ctdi,aie two in number. 1. The 
 Pterygoideus externus, P. minor, (¥,yPterygo- 
 colli-maxillaire, Petit Pterygo-maxillaire (Ch,) 
 Petit pterygoidien, Pterygo'idien externe, is a 
 thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo- 
 neuroses, from the outer surface of the external 
 ala of the pterygoid process, and from the outer 
 surface of the great ala of the sphenoid bone ; 
 ■ and is inserted at the anterior part of the neck 
 of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding 
 part of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This 
 muscle draws the condyle of the lower jaw and 
 
FTERYGOIJblEN 
 
 710 
 
 PVBIO-COCCTGIEN 
 
 the inter-articular ligament forwards. It car- 
 ries the chin forwards, and to the opposite side. 
 £f the two external pterygoids act together, the 
 jaw is carried directly foirwards. 2. The fte- 
 rygoideus internusj P. major, X^asse'ler intern'' 
 lis, Latens in OrS, (F.) Grand Pterygo-^maixyil- 
 laire, Pterygo-g,nguli masnllaire^ Gra/iid Ptiry- 
 g&idien ou Plerygoidien interne. A thick-, quad- 
 rilateral muscle, which is attached by short 
 and very strong aponeuroses; above, to the pte- 
 rygoid fossa, whence it proceeds downwards, 
 backwards, and outwards, to be inserted into 
 the inner surface of the ramus of the lower jaw, 
 near its angle. This muscle raises the lower 
 jaw, and carries it a little forwards. It also 
 performs the grinding motion. 
 
 Pterygoid Nekves. These are t,wo in num- 
 ber. 1. The Pterygoid or Vid'ian Nerve. It 
 arises from the posterior part of the spheno- 
 palatine ganglion; traverses the Vidian canal 
 of the sphenoid; and, beyond, divides into two 
 filaments. 1 . A superior or cranial^ JVervus su- 
 perfieia'lis sive petro'sus, which ascends into the 
 cranium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to 
 unite with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or 
 carotid, TTervus profundus sive major, which 
 traverses the carotid canaj, and unites with the 
 ascending branches of the superior cervical gan- 
 glion of the trisplanchnic. ii. The Pterygoid 
 iVertJe, properly so called, iVer»«* musculiptery- 
 goidei, is given off by the inferior maxillary 
 branch of the 5th pair. 
 
 PTERYGOi'DIEN GRAND ou IN- 
 TERNE, Pterygoideus internus — p. Externe, 
 Pterygoideus externus — p. Petit, Pterygoideus 
 ext'ernus. 
 
 PTERYGO'MA: Same etymon. Awing; 
 » projecting or pendulous body. A swelling 
 of the vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. 
 Severinus. 
 
 PTERYX, Ala. 
 
 PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis. 
 
 PTISANA, Tisane — p. Communis, Decoc- 
 tuffl hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, De- 
 coctum hordei. 
 
 PTISSANA, Tisane. 
 
 PTOCHIA'TER, Piochidtriis, same etymon 
 as the next. A physician to the poor, or to dn 
 establishment for the poor. 
 
 PTOCHIATRI'A, from tttm^os, ' poor,' and 
 larjEia, ' healing.' Practice aniongst the poor. 
 Also, an institution for the treatment of the 
 diseases'of the poor. 
 
 PTOCHOCOMI'UM, from mwjtoq, 'a poor 
 person,' and xoficm, 'I take care of;' Ptocho- 
 iochi'um, Ptochotrophe'um. -,An almshouse. 
 
 PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ftochocomium. 
 
 PTOCHOTROPHEUM, Ptochocomium. 
 
 PTOMA, Cadaver. 
 
 PTOSIS, Prolapsus— p^^Bulbi oculi, Exoph- 
 thalmia. 
 
 Ptosk Ih'idis, Iridoce'le, Her'nia Ir'idis, 
 Iridopto'sis, Prolap'sus IHdis, from iixmaig, 
 ' a falling.' A prolapsus of the iris through a 
 wound of the cornea. It is known by a black- 
 ish tubercle, which projects a little from the 
 cornea in various forms. 
 
 Ptosis Palpebr;e, Blepharoptosis. 
 
 PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
 
 PTYALIN, see Saliva. 
 
 PTYALISM, Salivation. 
 
 PTYALISME MERCURIEL, Salivation, 
 mercurial. 
 
 , PTYALISMUS, Salivation— p. Acuhis mel- 
 litus, see Salivation— p. Acutus sympatfeeticus, 
 see Salivation— p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, 
 mercurial — p. Iners,' Slavering — p. Mereurialis, 
 Saliva.tionj mercurial — p. Pyrosieus, Pyrosis. 
 
 PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue. - 
 
 PTYALON, Saliva. 
 
 PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, ' Sialo- 
 gogue. , 
 
 PTYELON, Saliva, Sputum; 
 
 PTYSIS, Exspuitiori. 
 
 PTYSMA, Exspuition. 
 
 PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptysniatos'ehesis, 
 from TrTvrr/jLa, ' sputum,' and nrjinr, ' to retain.' 
 Suppression of pulmonary expectoration. 
 
 PTYSMAT0SCHESIS,Ptysmatis(iliesi8. 
 
 PUANTEUR, Dysodia. 
 
 PUBENS, Ephebus. 
 
 PtJBER, Ephebus. 
 
 P?I5lH£, Ephebus. 
 
 PUBERTAS, Ej)hetia. 
 
 PU'BERTY,, Puhertasj Heh'e, Fubes, 
 Aphrodi'sia, Ephebi'a, Epkeh'.ia, Ephe'botes, 
 Ephebo'syni, Pvbes'cenee, from pubescere, 'to 
 begin to have hair on the chin and sexual 
 organs.' The period of life at which young 
 people of both sexes are pubes'cent or nubile. 
 According to the civil law puberty occurs at 
 12 years in females, and 14 in males. The 
 period, however, varies somewhat in different 
 climates, and in different individuals of the 
 same climate. 
 
 PUBES, Epis'chion, Epicten'ion, Cteis, Pec- 
 ten y the Pubic region. Same etymon. The 
 middle part of the hypogastric region ; so call- 
 ed, because it is covered with hair, in both 
 sexe^, at the period of puberty. The hair is 
 also called Pubes, Lanu'go Pudendo'rwm ; and, 
 of old, pubertas signified the same. 
 
 PuBES, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENCE, Puberty. 
 
 PUBESCENT, see Puberty. 
 
 PPBI^US, Pubic. : 
 
 PUBIC, Pu'bian, Pu'bicus, PuHa'us, (F.) 
 Pubien. That which belongs to or concerns 
 the'pubis. 
 
 PtTBic Arch or Arch of the Pubis, (f.) Ar- 
 cade pulienne. The arch at the anterior part 
 of the inferior circumference of the pelvis. It 
 is more expanded p the female than in the 
 male; to correspond with the additional funo- 
 tions whi6h'she has to execute. 
 
 Pubic AElicol.A'tiON, or Sym'phy sis Pubis, 
 results from the, junction of the ossa pubis. 
 The medium of union is cartilage. 
 
 Pu^io Lio'amentS are two very solid, fibrous 
 fasciaa, situate before dnd beneath the symphy- 
 sis pubis, which' they strengthen. The one is 
 called the anterior pubic ligament ; the other 
 the inferior or subpubic. 
 
 Pubic Resion, Re'gio Pubis. The region of 
 the pubes. 
 
 PUBIEN, Pubic. 
 
 PUS lO-C C CYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, 
 Pubio-coccyge'us annula'ris. Dumas gave this 
 name to the levator ani and ischio-coccygeusj 
 which he considers a single muscle. 
 
 PUBIO - COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, 
 Levator Ani— p. Femoral, Pectinalis — p. Femo- 
 ralis. Adductor longus femoris — p. Ombilieal, 
 Pyramidalis abdominis — p. Prostaticus, Com- 
 pressor prostatJB — p. Sous-ombilical, Pyramida- 
 lis abdominis — p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis. 
 
PUBIS, OS 
 
 711 
 
 VXJBIS, OS, -EpiMi'on^ Episi'on, Epis'chian, 
 Share Bone, Os Pec'iinis. The anterior part of 
 the OS inn'ominatum J so calledhecause it cor- 
 responds to the g^ital organs and pubic region. 
 Tho oiJigle of the, pubii is formed by the union 
 of the body and rami of each side. 
 
 PUB'LICjE partes. Those organs are 
 so callfed, the object of whose functions is the 
 nutrition of all the others. Such are the diges- 
 tive and respiratory organs. 
 
 P U C C N, Sanguinaria Canadensis-^p. 
 Red, Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hy- 
 drastis Canadensis. 
 
 PUCE, Pulex irritans — p. Maligne, see An- 
 thrax — p. Fenetrante, Chiqite, 
 PUDDING-GRASS, Mentha pulegiuin. 
 PUDENDA, Genital orgins. 
 PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word; from 
 pudenda, (pudeYe, ' to be ashamed,') ' the geni- 
 tal organs,' and the Greek ayga, ' a seizure*' Ac- 
 cording to some, this term meana pain in the 
 genital parts : Dolor jatdtndo'r'wm, Min'tulagra, 
 JEdceodyn'iay'necoxdins t" others, it is synony- 
 mous with syphilis. ' ' 
 
 PuDENDAGfEA Prueieks, Prurigo pude^di 
 muliebris. 
 
 PUDEN'DAL HER'NIA. Hernia, Which 
 descends between the vagina and rataus ischii, 
 and forms an oblong tumour in the labium; 
 traceable in the pelvis, as far as the os Uteri. 
 
 PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva— p. Mulie- 
 bre, Vulva. 
 PUDENDUS, Pudic. 
 
 PUDIC, Fudi'cus, Puden'dus, (F.) Son- 
 tetix. Same etymon. That " which causes 
 shame. A name given lb the geliital organs 
 as wejl as to different other parts. 
 
 Puoic Akteries are distributed to the or- 
 gans of generation. Theyare,^!. The inter- 
 nal Pudic, Arteria Pudi'ca-, A. puden'da com- 
 mu'nis, (F.) Artere honteuse interne, A. Sous- 
 pUiienne (Ch.), Gen'ital Ar'tefy. It is furnished 
 by the hypogastric, and divides into two 
 branches ; the one- — the inferior or peHneal — 
 which gives off the inferior hemorrhoidal and 
 the artery of the septum; and the other — the 
 superior, (F.) Ischiopenienne — whichfurnishes 
 the transverse perineal artery, and divides into 
 two branches ; the artery of the corpus caver' 
 nosum, and the dorsalis penis. This latter, in 
 the female, has the name Dorsa'lis Clitor'idis, 
 2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F .) Artires scro- 
 tales ou vulvaires (Ch.,) A.hohteuses externes, 
 which are two in number. The one is superficial 
 ox suheutanmws,aaithe oih&[ deep-seated ox sub- 
 aponeurotic. They are given off from the fe- 
 moral artery or some one of its branches ; and 
 are distributed to the external parts of genera- 
 tion. 
 
 Pudic, Neeve, (F.yNerf honteux, Nerf is- 
 chiopenien ou Ischio-clitorien (Ch.) is d branch 
 furnished by the sacral plexus, which is distri- 
 buted to the genital organs ; and especially, to 
 the penis in man, and the clitoris in the female. 
 PVEnihE, Pueri'lis, from puer, ' a child.' 
 (F.) Respiration puerile, R. exagiree, R, sup- 
 pUmenljaire, R. hypervesiculaire. A term ap- 
 plied to the respiration when it is heard loud 
 through the stethoscope, as in healthy children. 
 PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged. 
 PUERITIA, see Age. 
 
 PUER'PERA, from puer, « a child,' and pa- 
 rere, 'to bring forth.' Toias, Lochos. Enix'a, 
 
 PULMO 
 
 Lecho^ a lying-in iDOman, (F.) Femme en 
 Couche, Aceouchee. A female in child-bed. 
 One recently delivered. 
 
 PUER'PERAL, Puvrpira'Hs ; ftompwerpera. 
 Relating to parturition and its consequences. 
 
 PuERPERjii. CoMvuLsioNft, Eclainpsi& gravi- 
 daruin et parturientium. 
 
 pUER'PEKAi, Fevek. ' Any fever dccurring 
 during the puerperal state — Febiis Puer per a - 
 rum, Jjeehop'yra, Lochioccelii'tis, Lochiop'yra, 
 Child-bed fever. Most commonly restricted 
 to a malignant variety of Peritonitis. 
 , PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state. 
 
 PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon ta- 
 raxacum. 
 
 PUF'FINESS, from (D.) p o f f e n, ' to blow :' 
 Injla'tio, Suffla'tio; Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) 
 Bouffissurey Boursoufiure. A, soft intume- 
 scence, without redriess, which may be partial 
 or general, and be produced by accumulatibn of 
 serous fluid, extravasation of blood,; effusion of 
 air into the subcutaneous cellular tissue, &c. 
 Puffiness is most frequently seen in the face and 
 legs ; and sometimes appears around'a wound. 
 
 PUGIL'LUS, X)rax,Drd chion, (xotapu^hus, 
 'the fist.' ttragmo;. Dragmis, (F.) Ptncee. 
 The quantity of any substance, which may be 
 takeji with the eiid of two or three fingers. 
 The eighth part of a handful. 
 
 PUKE, Emetic. 
 
 PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata, 
 
 PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation. 
 
 PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium— p. Cervi- 
 uum, Mentha cervina. 
 
 PULEX IRRI'TANS, The common fiea. 
 (F.) Puce. A parasitic insect found on the 
 bodies of man -and animals, 
 
 PuLEX Penetrans, Chique. 
 
 F ULIC A'RIS, Pulicula'ris, from pulex, ' a 
 gnat.' , An epithet given to cutaneous eiaiptions 
 resembling gnat-bites ; — and, also,) to the dis- 
 eases in which such eruptions occur. 
 
 POLiOARis Herba, Plantago psyllium. 
 
 PtJLLNA, MINERAL WATERS' OF. 
 These Bohemian springs contain sulphate's of 
 soda and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. 
 
 PULMO, PulnM'nes, by transposition of the 
 \6ttei I bom pleifmon, 7rxt'v//iior; Pneumon, Pleu- 
 mon, Spizamrni't/urn^ an'imce, Ergaste'rion spir'- 
 itus, Plfib'ell'um et ventila'brum cordis, the 
 Lung. The essential organ of respiration, 
 which is double, and occupies the two sides of 
 the chest. The lungs, which are of a spongy, 
 soft, flexible, compressible, and dilatable struc- 
 ture, fill exactly the two cavities of the thorax, 
 and are separated from each other by the me- 
 diastinum and the heart. The right lung, which 
 is shorter and broader than the left, is divided, 
 by two oblique fissures, • into three unequal 
 lobes, Lobi seu Alse pulmo'num. The left has 
 only two lobes, and consequently only one fis- 
 sure. At the internal surface of thosd organs, 
 which is slightly concave, there is, about the 
 middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and 
 pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, 
 the root ofthelungs, (F.) Racine des Poumons. 
 Essentially ,'the lungs are composed of prolon- 
 gations and ramifications of the bronchia^ and of 
 the pulmonary arteries and veins, — the divi- 
 sions of which are supported by a fine, cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 When the surface of the lungs is examined in 
 
FTJLMONAIRE DBS FBANCAIS 712 
 
 PUISE 
 
 a clear light, we may see, even thiough the 
 pleura, that their parenchyma is formed by the 
 aggregation of a multitude of small vesicles, of 
 an irregularly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of 
 air, and separated by white and opalce septa. 
 These vesicles are. palled ai>-ce//j, Spiramen'ta 
 seu Spiram'ina sen Cell'ula ' Pulmo'num. 
 Along the partitions or septa is deposited, in 
 greater or less quantity, the black pulmonary 
 matter, (F.) Matiire puhnonaire noire, as it 
 has been called, which seems to be natural. 
 Sometimes it is seen in points ; at others, in 
 spots. The colour of the lungs varies according 
 to age and othpr circumstances. In youth, it 
 is more red ; and afterwards, griay ish or bluish f 
 often, as if marbled. The pleura pulmbnalis is 
 their investing membrane. The air is carried 
 to the lungs by means of the trachea and 
 bronchia. The black venous blood, which re- 
 quires oxygenation, is conveyed to thftm from 
 thehfeart, by the pulmonary artery; and, when 
 it has undergone this change, it is returned to 
 the heart by the pulmonary veins. The blood- 
 vessels inservient to the nutrition of the lungs, 
 are the bronchial arteries and veins. The pul- 
 monary lymphatics are very numerous. Some 
 are superficial ; others, deep-seated. They pass, 
 for the 'most part, into th& bronchial ganglions 
 or glands. The nerves are furnished by the 
 pulmonary plexus. 
 
 PXJLMONAIRE DBS FRAN^AIS, Hie- 
 racium murorum. 
 
 PULMONA'RIA, P. officinalis, P. Macu- 
 la'ta, P. Maculo'sa, Lungivort, Spotted Lung- 
 wort, Jeru'salem Cowslip, .Jerusalem Sage, 
 Spotted Comfrey, (F.) Sauge de Jer^isalerti, 
 Family, Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Fentandria 
 Monogynia. The leaves of this plant have been 
 used as demulcents and pectorals ; partly from 
 their resemblance to lungs ; and, . partly, be- 
 cause they manifest a slightly mucilaginous 
 taste. The plant is not worthy of notice. 
 
 PuLMONAEiA, Pneumonia — p. Arborea, Li- 
 chen pulmo'narius — ;p, Gallica, Hieracium mu- 
 rorum. 
 
 PUL'MONARY, Pulmona'ris, Pulmona'lis, 
 That which relates or belongs to the lungs. A 
 name given to various parts. 
 
 PxjLMONAEY Artert, AHc'ria pulmona'ris. 
 Vena arterto'sa, arises from the upper and left 
 part of the right ventricle of the heSrt; whence 
 it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side ; 
 dividing into two trunks, opposite the second 
 dorsal vertebra — one passing to each lung. At 
 its origin, it is iurnished with three sigmoid or 
 semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the 
 lungs for aeration. 
 
 Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo. 
 
 Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmona'ris . A 
 considerable nervous network, situate behind 
 the bronchia, which is formed by the filaments 
 of the pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and 
 by other filaments from the inferior cervical 
 ganglion and the first thoracic ganglia. This 
 plexus forms a kind of areolar web, with nu- 
 merous ineshes of different sizes, in which ves- 
 sels are lodged, surrounded by much cellular 
 tissue. TJiis plexus . sends filaments to the 
 bronchia, which they accompany to their ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 Pulmonary Veins, Ven(e pulmoni^res, Ar- 
 te'riae veno'sa. These arise in the lungs from 
 
 the final terminations of the arteries of the 
 same name ; collect in rarnusculi and rami of 
 greater and greater size, and ultimately units 
 in four trunks; two of which issue from each 
 lung to open into the left auricle of the heart. 
 The pulmoniry veilis have the same structure 
 as the other veins of, the body ; from which 
 they difier, in containing arterial blood,' as the 
 pulmonary artery diifers from the otliers in 
 conveying venous blood. They carry the blood 
 back to the heart after aeration. 
 , PULMONES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasii 
 pulmonum. 
 
 PULMONIAj Phthisis pulmonalis. Pneu- 
 monia. 
 
 PULMON'IC, Pulmon'icus, Pneumon'icus, 
 Pulmona'rius . One affected with phthisis — 
 one labouring underdiseases of the lungs. Any 
 thing relating, or belonging to the lungs. A 
 medicine for the lungs. 
 
 PULP, Pulpa, Pulpa'men, Sarx. TJiesoft 
 and parenchyinatous parts of vegetables reduced 
 to.'a paste by the operation of pulping. 
 
 Pulp of the TooTH,'Deiltal pulp. 
 
 PULPA CASSIjE, see Cassia fistula— p. 
 Dentis, Dental pulp — p. Prunorum sylvestrium 
 c^nxlita, Conserva pruni sylvestris. 
 
 Pur^A Testis, Paren'chy ma testis. The pa- 
 renchyma of the testis. 
 
 PULPAMEN, Pulp. 
 
 PULPB DENTAIRE, Cental pulp. 
 
 PULPEZIA, Apoplexy. 
 
 PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pulpa'tio. Art ope- 
 ration—the object of which is to reduce certain 
 vegetable substances to a pulp; For this pur- 
 pose, they are ^bruised in a mortarj and then 
 passed through a hair ' sieve, by the aid of a 
 wooden spatula^ called a Pulper, (F.) Pulpoirt. 
 
 PULPOIRE, see Pulping. 
 
 PU^-QUE, see Agave Americana. 
 
 PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala. 
 
 PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Ahemons 
 pratensis — p. .Vulgaris, Anemone pubatilla. 
 
 PULSATILLE NQIRE, Anemone praten- 
 sis — p. des Pres, Anemone pratensisi 
 
 PULSATIO, Pulsation^p. Cordis, Pilpita- 
 tion. 
 
 PULSA'TION, Pulsa'tio, Sphygrnos, Sphya- 
 is, Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) Battement. Tha 
 beating of the heart and arteries. Also, the 
 beating felt in an inflamed part. 
 
 PULSATIVUS, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSATORY, Throbbing. 
 
 PULSE, from pulso, ' I beat ;' Pulsus', Pul- 
 sa'tio, Pulsus cordis et arteria'rum, Ictus cor- 
 dis et artetia'rumslncur' sus arteria'rumjSpkyg- 
 mos,Sphygma,Diasphyx'is,(F.) Pouls. Beating 
 of the arteries, produced by the afflux of the blood 
 propelled by the heart in its contractions. 'For 
 the sake of convenience, we choose the, radial 
 artery at the wrist to detect the precise charac- 
 ter of the pulse.. These characters relate to the 
 number of pulsations in a given time ; to their 
 degrees of quickness; hardness, and strength; 
 to the equality or inequality either of the pul- 
 sations themselves or of their intervals ; to the 
 development or fulness of the artery, and to the 
 different impressions it may produce on the fin- 
 ger. 
 
 The following estimates have been made of 
 the pulse at various ages : 
 
PULSE 
 
 713 
 
 PULSE 
 
 Ages, 
 
 J^umber of beats per minute^ a 
 
 ccording to ■ \ 
 
 In the embryo^ 
 
 At birth, 
 
 One month ; 
 
 One year, •••• 
 
 HlBE^OEN. 
 
 SiJHMERINS. 
 
 MUllbr. 
 
 130 to 140 
 
 120 
 
 120 to 108 
 
 108 to SO 
 
 90 to 80 
 
 72 
 
 70 
 
 Do. 
 
 120 
 110 
 90 
 
 80 
 70 
 CO 
 
 150 
 Do. 
 
 115 to 130 
 JOG to 115 
 90 to ,100 
 85 to SO ~ 
 
 80 to 85 
 70 to 75 
 50 to 65 
 
 
 Seven years, 
 
 Twelve years, 
 
 
 Old age, 
 
 It does not appear, from recent researcheSj i 
 that the pulse of the aged is less frequent, but | 
 the contrary. In general, the pulse is more 
 frequent in females and in irritable persons, 
 than in males and those of an opposite tempera- 
 ment. In the healthy state, the pulse, besides 
 having the proper number of pulsations, is nei- 
 ther hard nor unusually soft ; it is moderately 
 developed; of a medium strength ; and perfectly 
 eqvial, both as regards the pulsations and their 
 intervals. In diseases it wanders, more or less, 
 from these physiological conditions. The dif- 
 ferent characters of the pulse that have been 
 en umerated, are remarkably nuinerous. Inadic- 
 tionary, it is necessary to detail them, although 
 many of them are not 'now regarded ; and some 
 are ridiculous. At times, when an impediment 
 exists to the flow of blood along the pulmonary 
 arteries, either owing to mechanical obstruction 
 or to diminished force of the ventricle, a reflux 
 takes place along the veins, giving rise to the 
 * venous pvlse,' 
 
 Pulse, Akdent, Pulsus ardens, (F.) Ponls 
 ardent. Fouls elem. One *hich seems to raise 
 itself to a point in order to strike, the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Cap'eizant, ' Pulsus Capri'zans, P. 
 doTcadis'sans^P . gazelVanSy P. ficsa'lis. Goat- 
 leap pulse, (F.) Po-iils caprisaiit. One, which 
 seems to leap, as it, were; an imperfect dilata- 
 tion of the artery being succeeded by a fuller 
 and a stronger one. 
 
 Pulse, (Complex, (F.) Pouls comh'ne ou com- 
 pose, P. complique. A pulse which has the 
 character of several critical pulses united. 
 
 Pulse, Conteact'ed, (F.) Pouls serre, P. 
 concentre. One whose pulsations are narrow, 
 deep, 4nd slightly hard. 
 
 PnLSE, Convul'sive, Pulsus convulsi'vus, 
 (F.) Pouls convulsif. That which is unequally 
 frequent or iinequally hard^ in short, which re- 
 sembles the irregular pulsations of a muscular 
 fibre in a state of convulsion. 
 
 Pulse, Ceit'ical, Pulsus crit'icus, A pulse 
 which, after having possessed the characters of 
 irritation, becomes free, open, soft, &c. 
 
 Pulse^Decuet'ate, Pulsus Myurus : see,also, 
 Myurus. ' 
 
 Pulse, Dsev, Pulsus prof un'dus, (F.) Pouls 
 f'ofond. One which cannot be felt without 
 difficulty, and without strong pressure by the 
 finger. 
 
 PtJLSE, Defic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens, F . 
 Flickering, Pulsus an'nuens et circum'nuens, 
 (F.) Pouls defaillant, P, insensible. One 
 which seems, every instant, about to cease. 
 
 Pulse, Depressed, Pulsus depres'sus, (F.) 
 Pouls deprime. That which is deep and weak. 
 
 Pulse, Devel'oped, (F.) Pouls developpe. 
 
 46 
 
 That which is broad, fullj strong, and fre- 
 quent. 
 
 Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Vi'crotus, P. hi'- 
 crotus, P. intestina'lis, P. hife'nens, F* modlea'' 
 ris, P. interd'sus, (F.) P. dicrote, P. rebondis- 
 sant, P. redouHle. Tliat in which the finger is 
 struck twice at each pulsation; once lightly, 
 the other time more strongly. 
 
 Pulse, Equal, Pulsus cequa'lis. That in 
 which the pulsations resemble each other, and 
 return at equal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Febkile, Pulsus febri'lis. One very 
 frequent. 
 
 Pulse, Feeble;, Weak, Pulsus deh'ilis, (F.) 
 Pouls foible. ■ One which strikes the finger 
 feebly; i _ ^ ' 
 
 , Pulse, Fil'ifobm, P. thready. One which 
 resembles a thread slightly vibrating. 
 
 Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient. 
 
 Pulse, Form'ica,nt, Pulsus form.i'cans, (F.) 
 Pouls formicant. One which resembles, by 
 being small and scarcely perceptible, the mo- 
 tion of an ant. 
 
 Pulse, Frequent, (F.) P. agiti, P. prieipite. 
 One which strikes more frequently than usual 
 in a given time. 
 
 'Pulse, Full, Pulsus 'pl'enus, (F.) Pouls 
 plein. One which gives the notion of great re- 
 pletion in the vessel. 
 
 PtJLSE,, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant. 
 
 Pulse, Gut'ttjral, Pulsus guttura'lis, (F.) 
 Pouls guttural. A pulse which has been sup- 
 posed to indicate the termination of affections 
 of the throat. 
 
 Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.) Poids dur. 
 That in which the pulp of the finger seems to 
 yield to the pulsation. ' 
 
 Pulse, Hectic, Pulsus hec'ticus. The weak, 
 frequent pulse observed in hectic fever. 
 
 Pulse, Hemorrhoid' al, (F.) Pouls des He- 
 morrhoides. A critical pulse, announcing the 
 appearance of the hemorrhoidal flux. It is de- 
 scribed as unequal ; — the pulsations not being 
 alike in force, and still less the intervals. 
 
 Pulse, Hepat'ic, (F.) Pouls du Foie. A 
 pulse imagined to indicate affections of the liver. 
 It is not worthy of description. 
 
 Pulse, Inferior, CF.) Pouls inferieur, P. 
 abdofninal, P. ventral. One supposed to an- 
 nounce evacuations below the diaphragm. 
 
 Pulse, Intercur'rent, Pulsus intercur'ren.<! 
 seu inter'eidens. One in which a superfluous 
 pulsation seems to occur from time to time. 
 
 Pulse, Intermittent, (F.) Pouls intercadent. 
 One in which the pulsations fail from time to 
 time. 
 
 Pulse, Intes'tinal,,(F.) Fouls des intestins, 
 
PULSE 
 
 714 
 
 PULSUS 
 
 F. de tadiarrhee. A: critical pulse, presumed 
 to announce an evacuation by the intestines. 
 
 Pulse, In'trioate, Pulsus Intrica'tus, (F.) 
 Fouls embarrasse. That which is hut little 
 developed and unequally slow. 
 
 Pulse, lEBEG'TfLAR, Pulsus anorma'lis. One 
 whose pulsations are unequal, and return at un- 
 equal intervals. - 
 
 Pulse of Irbita'tjoh, Pulsus ab irritatio'ne 
 seu nervi'nus seu acrit'icus. One which is fre- 
 quent, hard, and contracted. 
 
 Pulse, Jakring, P. vibrating — p. Jerking, 
 Pulse, sharp. 
 
 Pulse, Languid, (F. ) Fouls languissant. 
 A slow and feeble pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Large, Pulsus crassus, P. magnus, 
 (F.) Fouls grand, P. large. That which is 
 large and full. 
 
 Pulse, Long. One which strikes the finger 
 to a great extent in length. 
 
 Pulse, Low, Pulsus hv'milis, (F,) Fouls bas. 
 One in which the pulsations are scarcely per- 
 ceptible. 
 
 Pulse, Nasal, (F.) Pauls nas^al, P. capital, 
 P.-du Nez. One supposed to announce the end 
 of an irritation in the nasal fossEB. 
 
 Pulse, Nat'ukaI, (F.) Fouls naturd des 
 adultes, F. par/ait, P, des adultes, P. modere. 
 One that is equal and regular in strength and 
 frequency ; compressible, and devoid of hard- 
 ness. 
 
 Pulse, Organ'ic, (F.) Fouls organique. One 
 which indicates the affected organ, or the organ 
 by which an evacuation will take place. 
 
 Pulse, Peo'toral, (F.) Fouls de I'expectora- 
 tion. A critical pulse, announcing the termi- 
 nation of some pqlmonary irritation. 
 
 Pulse, Quick. One which strikes sharply, 
 but not forcibly, against the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Reg'ular, Pulsus norma'lis aut regu- 
 la'ris. One whose pulsations are equal, and 
 Succeed each other at equal intervals, 
 
 Pulse, Resist'ing, (F.) Fouls resistant. One 
 a little tense, a little hard. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp, (F.) FojoIs prompt, P. vite, P. 
 vif. One which strikes the finger sharply, ra- 
 pidly. When to a greater extent, it is called a 
 jerking pulse. 
 
 Pulse, Sharp-tailed, Pulsus myuhis: see 
 Myurus. 
 
 Pulse, Simple, Pulsus simplex. A critical 
 pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ 
 only. 
 
 Pulse, Slow, Fulsus tardus, P. rarus, (F.) 
 Pouts lent, P. tardif, P. rare. One which 
 strikes the finger slowly. 
 
 Pulse, ^Small, Pulaus parvzcs, (F.) Fouls 
 'petit. One whose pulsations are slender and 
 weak. 
 
 Pulse, Soft, Pulsus mollis, (F.) Fouls mou. 
 One which yields under the finger. 
 
 Pulse, Stom'aohal, (F.) Fouls stomacal, P. 
 de I'estomac. One supposed to announce an 
 evacuation by the stomach. 
 
 Pulse, Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Fouls 
 fort, P. vihiment. One which strikes the finger 
 strongly. 
 
 Pulse, SupU'rior, Pulsus Superior, (F.) 
 Fouls supeHeur. A critical pulse, superve- 
 ning on irritation of organs situate above the 
 diaphragm .- 
 
 Pulse, Supple, Pk^*!<.« elas'ticus,{F .) Fouls 
 
 souple. One in which the pulsations have 
 strength without hardness. 
 . Pulse of Sweat, Pulsus Sudora'Us, (F.) 
 Fouls Sudoral, P. de lia sueur. A critical 
 pnl^e, indicating an approaching perspiration. 
 
 Pulse, Tense, P. Cordy, Fulsus tensus, (F.) 
 Fouls iendu, F. roide. One In which the artery 
 resembles a cord fixed at its two extremities. 
 Whfen resembling a wire, it is called w^ry. 
 Pulse, Thready, P. filiform. ■ 
 Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulsus trem'ulus, (F.) 
 Fouls tremblant, P. palpitant. -One in which 
 each pulsation oscillates. 
 
 Pulse, Un'dulating, Pulsus fiuctup'sus, P. 
 fluens, P. incidens Sola'ni, (F.) Fouls ondviant, 
 P. ondoyamt. One which resembles, in its 
 movemeftts, those of the waves.. 
 
 Pulse, Une'qual, Pulsus ineequaHis, (F.) 
 Pouls inigal. Ohe_ whose pulsations are rrot 
 alike, or return at unequal intervals. 
 
 Pulse, U'Kinal, Pulsus urina'lis, (F.) Pouh 
 de I'Urine. A critical pulse, fancied to denote 
 an approaching evacuation of urine. 
 
 Pulse, Vieb.iu'e, _ Pulsus uteri'nus, (F.) 
 Pouls Uterine, P. de la Matrice, P. des Regies . 
 One which indicates the flow of the menses, or 
 the occurrence of metrorl-hagia. 
 Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum. 
 Pulse, Vermic'ulae. That which imitates 
 the movement of a worm. 
 
 PviSE, Yi'^s-ating; Jarring Pulse. One in 
 which the artery seems to vibrate like a musi- 
 cal string. 
 
 Pulse, Wirt, see Pulse, [tense. 
 FVt,&lLi:,'Gll!M,Fulsilo'gium,Pulsim'eter, 
 from pulsus, 'the pulse,' and lego, 'I tell.' 
 Spkygmom' eter, Sphygmoscop'iwm. Any in- 
 strument for measuring the quifckness or force 
 of the pulse. 
 
 PULSIMANTPA; from ?«/.•>««, and ^arrsio, 
 'divination.' The art of predicting or prog- 
 nosticating by the pulse. 
 
 PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 FULSUS, Pulse— p. Acriticus, Pulse of ir- 
 ritation — p. jEqualis, Pulse, equal — p. Annu- 
 ens et circumnuens. Pulse, deficient — p. Anor- 
 malis. Pulse, irregular — p. Bicrotus, Pulse, 
 dicrotic — p. Biferiens, P. dicrotus — p. Capri- 
 zans. Pulse, caprizant — p. Crassus, Pulse, large 
 — p. Debilis, Pulse, feeble — p. Deticiens, Pulse, 
 deficient — p. Dicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — ^. Dor- 
 cadissans. Pulse, caprizant^-p. Durus, Piilse, 
 hard — p. Elasticus, Pulse, supple — p. Fluctuo- 
 sus. Pulse, undulating — p. Fluens, Pulse, un- 
 dulating — p. Formicans, Formicant, and Pulse, 
 formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse, strong — p. Fusalis, 
 Pulse, caprizant^-p. Gazellans, Pulse, capri- 
 zant — p. Heterbchronicus, see Heterochronicus 
 — p. Humilis, Pulse, low — p. Incidens Solani, 
 Pulse, undulating — p. Intercidens, Pulse, in- 
 tercurrent — p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic — p. 
 Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Intercurrens. 
 Pulse, intercurrent — p. Intestinalis, Pulse, di- 
 crotic — p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p. Mag- 
 nus, Pulse, large— p. Mollis, Pulse, soft. 
 
 Pulsus Mtu'rus, Pulse, deeurtate, P. sharp- 
 tailed, (F.) Pouls myure. One which goes on 
 diminishing. See Myurus. 
 
 Pulsus Nervinus, Pulse of irritation — p. 
 Normalis, Pulse, regular— p. Parvus, Pulse, 
 small — p. Plenus, Pulse, full — p. Rarus, Pulse, 
 slow. 
 
 Pul'sus Seeei'nus, (F.) Ponls serrin, P. ser- 
 
PULTATIO 
 
 715 
 
 PULVIS 
 
 ratile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly, i 
 at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw. 
 
 Pulsus Stbictus, (F.) Foals etroit. One 
 that strikes the finger to a small extent in 
 breadth. 
 
 Pulsus Sudqealis, Pulfee of sweat — p. Tar- 
 dus, Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urina,l— 
 p. IJterinus, Pulse, uterine. ' 
 
 Pulsus Vao'iius, (F.) Fouls vide. One which 
 gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. 
 
 Pulsus Vena'eum, Venous Pulse, Fhlebopa'- 
 lia. A pulsation occasionally noticed in the 
 jugular veins. It is owing to some of the blood 
 of the right ventriclfe xeflowing' into the right 
 auricle, and corjamunicating aa impulse to the 
 venous blood arriving in the auricle through the 
 descending cava. " It is often a sign of impedi- 
 ment to the flow of blood along the pulmonary 
 artery. 
 
 PULTATIO, Atheroma. 
 
 PULTICE, Cataplasm. 
 
 PULTICULA, BouilUe. 
 
 PUL VERES EFFERVESCENTES, Pow- 
 
 PULVERIZA'TION, Pulverisa'tio, P^lve- 
 ra'Ho, ixom pulvis,' dxiiX;' Coniosto'sis. The 
 operation of dividing substances, so as to re- 
 duce them to powder. 
 
 PULVILLUS, Pad, Bourdonnet — p. e Lina- 
 mentis confectus, Bourdonnet—^. Rotundus, 
 Bourdo7tvet. 
 
 PULVINAR, Fulvina'rium. A pillow. 
 
 PuLviKAK HuMULi, See Humulus lupulus. 
 
 PuLviNAR Medica'tum scu Medicina'lEjSsc'- 
 culus mediaina'lis. A medicated pillow; as of 
 hops. ■" 
 
 PuLviNAE Paevum, Pad — p. Ventriculi, Pan- 
 creas. 
 
 PULVINUJ.US, Pad. 
 
 PULVIS, Conis, (F.) Poudre. A substance, 
 reduced into small particles by pulverization. 
 Simple powders are those of a single substance ; 
 compound, those Which result from a mixture 
 of several different powders. An impalpable 
 fowder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely 
 be felt under the finger. A compound powder 
 was, formerly, called Spe'cies, (F.) Bsphe. 
 
 PuLvis AiBSORBEMS, P. dc rrjagnesi^cofflpos. 
 — p. Adspersoriiis, Catapasma — p. Alexiterius, 
 P. contrayervae comp.- — p. Alexiterius, P. ipe- 
 cacuanhEB compositus — p. Algarothi, Algaroth. 
 
 PuLvis Aloes Compos'itus, Compound pow- 
 der of Aloes, Pulvis Aloes cum Guai'aco, P. 
 aIoet'icu,s cum Guaiaco. {Aloes spicat. ext. ^iss, 
 guaiac. gum. res. ,^j, pulv. cinnam. comp. ^ss. 
 Rub the aloes and guaiacum separately, then 
 mix the whole. Ph. L.) Cathartic, stomachic, 
 and sudorific. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 PuLvis Aloes cum Canel'la, Fulvis aloes et 
 canellce, Powder of Aloes with Cdnella, Species 
 Hi'era pierce, Hiera picra, Pulvis Aloet'icus. 
 {Aloes l6j . canella % iij . Rub separately into a 
 powder, and mix. Ph. U. S.) A warm cathar- 
 tic. Dose, gr. x to Qj. 
 
 Pulvis Aloes cum Guaiaco, P. A. composi- 
 tus — p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella — p. 
 Aloetijus, Hiera picra — p. Aluminosas, P. sul- 
 phatis aluminas compositus — p. Aluminis com- 
 positus, P. sulphatis aluminae compositus — p. 
 Aluminis kinosatus, see P. sulphatis aluminae 
 compositus. 
 
 Pulvis de Ama'eis Comfos'itus, Pulvis an- 
 
 tiarthrit'icus ama'rus, (F.) Foiidre antiarthri- 
 tique amlre. {Rad. gentian,, ar,istolach. rotund., 
 aa p., 3, fior. centaur, min. p. i,fol. ehamccdr., 
 chamcepith. manipul. — f. pulvis, Ph. P.) In 
 gouty aifections, dyspepsia, &c. Dose, gr. xx. 
 
 Pulvis AngelicuS, Algaroth-^p. Anodynus, 
 P. ipecacuanhas comp. — p. Antiacidus, P. Qretae 
 compositus — p. Antiacidus, P. de magnesia 
 compos.— 'p. Antiarthriticus amarus, P. de ama- 
 ris compositus — p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. 
 de senna, scammonea et lignis^-p. Antiasth^ 
 maticus, P. de sulphure et scilia. 
 
 Fulvis Antilys'sus, Mead's Fowder against 
 the bite of a mad dog. It consisted of ash- 
 coloured liverwort in powder, with an equal 
 quantity of black pepper; a drachm and. a half 
 of the two forming a dose for an adult. 
 
 Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder. 
 
 Pulvis de Aeo Compos'itus, Compound 
 Powder of Arum, (F.) Foudre of Birckmann, 
 {Rad. ari, acori veri, pimpinell, saaxifrag. aa 
 40 p. ocul. oancror.ppt. \i-^., cinnam. 7 p.,^o- 
 tassse sulph. 6 p., ammonicB muriat.2 p. — f .pulv. 
 Fh. F.) Sternutatory. '' 
 
 Pulvis Aeomatious, P. cinnamomi composi- 
 tus. ' ' 
 
 Pulvis As'aei Compos'itus, P. stemutato'- 
 rius, P. errhi'nus, F. capita' lis Sancti An'geli, 
 F. cephal'icus, Cephalic snuff; Compo'^nd pow- 
 der of Asarabae'ca, (F.) Poudre d'asarum vom- 
 posee dite sternutatoire, P. de Saint-Ange. 
 {Foliar, as^ar. Europ. p. ties*, /(?/. origan, ma- 
 jorancB, fior. lavand. spic., sing. p. 1. Rub 
 into powder. Fh.L.) Sternutg.tory. 
 
 Pulvis Auej, see Gold — p. e. Bolo composi- 
 tus cum opio, P. cretse compositus cum opio — 
 p. e Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. cretee 
 compositus^p. Cambogia; compositus, P. e 
 gummi gutta — p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pul- 
 vis asari compositus — p. Carbonatis calcis com- 
 positus, P. cretse compositus — p. Cardiacus, P. 
 contrayervae comp. — p. Carthusianorum, Anti- 
 monii sulphuretum rubrum — p. Cath'articus, P. 
 scammoneae comp. — p. Cephalicus, P. asari 
 compositus. 
 
 Pulvis Cinnamo'mi CoMPOs'iius, Compound 
 Fowder of Cin'jiamon, Pulvis seu Spe'cies Im- 
 perato'ris,Pi vitce Imperato'ris,P . DiaYo'm^aton, 
 Species diacinnamo'mi, St Icctifican'tes Ehazis , 
 ^HVa'gea arpmat'ica, Species Viam'brae sine odo- 
 ra'tis, Species aromat'icse, Fulvis aromaticus 
 (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Foiidre de canelle eomposee 
 ou aromatique. {Cinnam., zingib. aa ^^ij, 
 cardam., myrist. aa. ^^j. Rub to a fine powder. 
 Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 
 gr. xtogj. 
 
 Pulvis Cobbii seu Tukquinen'sis. The fa- 
 mous Tonquin powder, introduced into England 
 by a Mr. Cobb. It was composed of 16 grains 
 of musi, and 48 grains of cinnabar ; and ^as 
 mixed in a gill of arrack. It was formerly re- 
 garded as a specific in hydrophobia. 
 
 Pulvis Comitis Warwicensis, P. Corna- 
 chini — p. Comitissse, Cinchona, 
 
 Pulvis CoNTEAYER'viE Compos'itus, Lapis 
 contrayervtB, Contrayerva balls, Compoiind 
 Powder of Contrayer'va, Pulvis cardi'acus, F,. 
 alexite'rius, P. Mantua'nus. {Contrayerv. 
 rad. contrit. ,^v, test, prcep. ffiiss. Mix. Phi 
 L.) Stimulant and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv 
 to ,^ss. 
 
 Pulvis Cornachi'ni, Diaceltates' son Para- 
 celsi, Earl of Warwick's Powder, Pulvis Ox- 
 
PULVIS 
 
 716 
 
 PULVIS 
 
 ydi Stih'ii coTnpos'itus ^ Pulvis Com'itis War- 
 wbcen'sis, JPulvis de Tribus, Cer'berus Triceps, 
 Fulvis Scammo'nii afUimonia'Us, (F.) Fou- 
 dre Cornachine, {Seammon. Alep., potass, 
 mpertart., antiwi. ditipk.SS.'p. ae. f. pulvis. Ph. 
 P.) Cathartic, Used chiefly in cutaneous 
 diseases. iDose, gss to gj; 
 
 Pulvis Coenu Usti cum O'pio, Pulvis opia'- 
 tus. Powder of Burnt Sartshorn with opium, 
 (F.) Poudre de- come brulee avec Vopiwm. 
 {Opii dun cont. gj, corn. ust. praep. ^j, coc- 
 cor. cent. gj. Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains con- 
 tain one of opium. ' Anodyne. 
 
 Pulvis Ceetaceus, P. cretae co'mpositus. 
 
 Pulvis CreTjE Compos'itus, P. Carhona'- 
 tls Caleis co'mpositus. Compound Powder of 
 tihalk, P. ereta'ceus, Spe'des e Scorpio sine opio, 
 Diascor'dium, Pulvis a7itae"idus, P. terres'tris. 
 Species Diacre'tae, (with Bole Armeniac in 
 place of chalk — the Pulvis e Bolo cvmpositus 
 sine opio,) (F.) Poudre de eraie composee. {Cre- 
 tts ppt. ffisSj cinnatn. cort. ^iv, tormentill. rod., 
 acacitz gutn., sing. §iijj fip. long, fruct. giv. 
 Reduce separately to a fine powder, and mix. 
 Ph. L.) Antacid, stomachic, absorbent. Dose, 
 gr. XX to gij. 
 
 Pulvis .Cret2E Compos'itus cum O'pio, Com- 
 pound Powder of Chalk with opium^ P'ulvis e 
 Cretd compositus cum opio (with , Bole Arme- 
 niac instead of chalk— J'm/ot'* eBolo compositus 
 cuTn opio,) Species e Scordio cum opio, (F.) 
 Poudre de craie eomposSe avec I'opium. {Pulv. 
 cret. c. §vjss, opiiduri cont. 9iv. Mix. Ph. L.) 
 Contains one grain of opium in 40. Anodyne 
 and absorbent. Dose, Qj to Qij. 
 
 Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhae 
 comp. — p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanha comp. — 
 p. Diaromaton, P. cinnamomi compositus — p. 
 Diasence, P. sennae compos. — p. Diaturpethi 
 compositus, P. jalapae compositus. 
 
 PoLVis Duels PoKTLAN'WiE, Duie of Port- 
 land's Gout Powder. (Bad. aristoloch., gen- 
 tianae, summit. chamcBdr., centaur.' min. aa p. 
 £e.) Dose, gss to gj. 
 
 Pulvis Emmemagogi^s, P. myrrhoe composi- 
 tus — p. Epilepticus Marchionum, P. de magne- 
 sia compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari composi- 
 tus — p. GalactopcEus, P. de magnesitl. compos. 
 
 PoLVis E GuMMi Gotta, P. Oambo'gice com- 
 positus, P. hydrago'gus, Camboge Powder, (F.) 
 Poudre kydragogue ou de gomm^ g^ctte, P. de 
 Querceta'nus. {Bad. jalap. 24 p., rad. mechoa- 
 can. 12 p., cinnaTn., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. cam- 
 bog. 3 p., fol. soldanellce sice. 6 p., semin. 
 anisi 12 p-, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) A drastic ca- 
 thartic. In anasarca and in worms. Dose, 
 gr. XV to XXX. 
 
 Pulvis Gummo'sus Alkali'nus, Sapo vegeta'- 
 bilis, (F.) Poudre de savon vegetal. {Guaiac. 
 pulv. 33 p., potass, carb. 4 p. Make into a 
 powder. Ph. P.). Antacid. 
 
 Pulvis ex Helminthooort'o Compos'itus, 
 F. vermifugtts absque mercu'rio, (F.) Poudre 
 vermifuge sans mercure. {Fuc. helminthocort., 
 sem. contra., summitat. absinth., tanaceti, fol. 
 scordii, se?ing:, rhei. aa p. ae, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) 
 Dose, Bj to 3j. . 
 
 Pulvis Hydragogus, P. e gummi gutta — p. 
 Hydrargyri cinereus, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
 cinereum — p. Hypnoticus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
 retum nigrum — p. Imperatoris, P. cinnamomi 
 compositus — p. Incisivus, P. de sulphure et 
 scill& — p. Pro infantibus, P. de magnesia com- 
 
 pos. — p. Infantum, P. de magnesii compos. — 
 p. Infantum antacidus, P. de magnesia com- 
 positus. 
 
 PuLv;^s Ipecacuan'h« Compos'itus,/'. alesci- 
 te'rius, P: ■dnod'ynus, P. diaphoret'icus, P. 
 diajmo'isus, P. sudorifieus Dove'ri, Compound 
 powder of Ipecacuanha, P. Ipecacuanhas et 
 Opii (Ph. U. S.), Dover's Powder, (V.) Poudre 
 de Dover ou d'ipecacuanha et d'opium, P. de 
 Dower. {^Ipecacuanh. pulv., opii pulv., sing 
 !5J) potassse sulphat. ^j. Mix.) Diaphoretic. 
 Dose, gr. v to gr. xij. 
 
 Pulvis Ipecacuamhje et Opii, P. ipecacu- 
 anha compos. '~ 
 
 Pulvis Jalap'^ Compos'itus, P. Diaturpe'thi 
 compositus, Compound powder ofJalapi Pulvis 
 laxans, P. Purgans, P. laxati^vus vegetah'ilis, 
 P. iaxaris cum, sale, P. Jalap'ce sali'nus, P. j. 
 tartar'icus, Spe'des Diajalapse, (F.) Poudre da 
 jalap composee. {Pulv. jalap, ^j, potass, bi- 
 tart. gij. Mix.) Cathartic. Dose, Qj to gij. 
 
 Pulvis Jala^je Salinus, P. jalapaB composi- 
 tus — p. JalapB tartaricus, P. jalapae compositus 
 — p. de Jalapi et scammonio compositus, P. 
 scammoneae comp. — p. Jamesii, Antimonial 
 powder — p. Jesuiticus, Cinchona — p. Joannis 
 de Vigo, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
 
 Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, ComiJOMreo? Pow- 
 der of kino, (F.) Poudre de kino composee. 
 (Kitw gxv, cort. cinnam. 5jiv, opii dufi gj. 
 Rub each to powder, and mix. PA. L.) Astrin- 
 gent. Dose, gr. v to xx. 
 
 Pulvis Laxans, P. jalaps compositus — p. 
 Laxans cum sale, P. ' jatlapae compositus — p. 
 Laxativus vegetabilis, P. jalapae compositus. 
 
 Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Ga- 
 lactopce'us, P. Nutri'cum,, P. Infan'twm, P. 
 Infantum antac"idus, P. pro Irifan'tihus, P. 
 antiac"idus, P. absor'bens, P. epilep'ticus liTar.^ 
 chio'nwm. Compound powder of lyiagne'sia, 
 (F.) Poudre absorbante et anti-a^ide. (^JVCag- 
 nesice, sacchar. aa p. ae. Mix. Ph. P.) 
 
 Pulvis Mantuanus, P. contrayervae comp. 
 •—p. Marchionis,v M. Pulvis — p. Mercurialis 
 cinereus, Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum — p. ad 
 Blucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, X'. de 
 sulphure et scilU. 
 
 Pulvis Myerh« Compos'itus, P. e Myrrha 
 compositus. Compound Myrrh Poivder, Pulvis 
 ad ul'cera tend'inum, P. JETnmienago'gus, (F.) 
 Poudre Balsamique. {Myrrhce, sabince, rutce, 
 castor. Buss, aa^j.) A stimulant, antispas- 
 modic, and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv to xl. 
 
 Pulvis Nuteicum, P. de magnesid composi- 
 tus — p. Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio^=p. 
 Oxydi stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. Par- 
 turiens. Ergot — p. de Phosphate caleis et stibii 
 compositus, Antimonial powder — p. Principis, 
 Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — p. Purgans,P. ja- 
 lapae compositus — p. Quercetanus, Hydrargyri 
 submurias. 
 
 Pulvis Queecus Maei'n*, Powder of Yel- 
 low Bladder-Wrack. (The wrack in fruit, 
 dried, cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a cru- 
 cible, with a perforated lid, and then reduced to 
 powder. Ph.D.) Virtues dependent on iodine: 
 used, consequently, in bronchocele, &c. Dose, 
 gr. X to xl. 
 
 Pulvis Queecus MARiNiE, see Fucus vesicu- 
 losus. 
 
 Pulvis Scammo'ne^ Compos'itus, Compound 
 Powder of Scammony, Pulvis e Scarmnonio 
 compositus, Pulvis Scammonii, Pulvis de Ja- 
 
PULYIS 
 
 717 
 
 PUNICA GRANATUM 
 
 lapa et Scammo'nio eompositws dictus Cathar - 
 ticus, (F.) Foudrt cathartique ou Poudre de 
 Scammonee compbsee, {ScamTiion,) ext. jalap' 
 dur., sing., 'i^\i,zingih.rad. §as. Rub sepa- 
 rately to powder and mix. Ph. L.) Cathar- 
 tic. Do^e, gr. viijito gr. xv. 
 
 PuLvis Scakimo'nii cum Aloe, -P.e Seammo- 
 nio cwm, Aloe^ Scammony and Aloes PowS^r. 
 {Scanvmon, ^v\, Bxt. jalap, dv-r^ alo'es Socotr.^ 
 aa §iss, zing, .^ss.) Cathartic. Dose, gt. x 
 to XV. 
 
 PuLvis ScAMMONii Antimonialis, P. coma- 
 chini. , 
 
 PuLyis SENNiE CoMPOS'iTCS, Compound pow- 
 der of Senna, Pulvis e Send, cotnpositua, P. e 
 Sennd eompositus, Pulvis Diase'na^^V .) Pou- 
 dre de sene composes. {Senncc-folior., potass, 
 supertart., sing. ,^ij, scaTtmion. §ssj rod. zin- 
 gib.^i]. Ph.L.) Cathartic, hydragogue. Dose, 
 9j to gj. 
 
 Pulvis de Senna, Scammo'nio et Lignis 
 CoMpbs'iTUS dictum Antiakthkit'ious Pue- 
 gans, (F.) Poudre de Pirard, {Gum Arab., 
 potass, supertart., fol. s'ennce, chimes, aa 4 p., 
 scammon,, rad. sarsapar., china, guaiac. lign. 
 aa 9 p., fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) Purgative. ,Used 
 to obviate gout. Dose, jj. , 
 
 Pulvis Stanni, see Tin — p. Sternutatorius, 
 P. asaii compositus — ^p. Stibiatus, A'ntimonial 
 powder — p. Styptjcus, P. Sulphatis aluipinas 
 compositus — p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanhse 
 comp.^p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. Ipecacuanha: 
 compositus. ' ' 
 
 Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alu'mins Compos'itus, 
 P. alumina' sus, P. alu'minis Mnosa^tus, Pul- 
 vis styp'ticus, Pulvis aluminis compositus, 
 Alu'men %inosa'tum. Compound Alum Powder, 
 (F-) Poudre styptique ou d'alun composee. 
 (Sulphatis alumina,^, iv. Mno, p. 1. Ph. E.) 
 Astringent. In intestinal hemorrhage and diar- 
 rhtea. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
 Pulvis de Sul'phuee et ScillA, P. Anti- 
 asthmat^ieus, P. Incisi'vus, P. ad m^ucu/m pul- 
 mana'lem libe'rius cien'dum, (F.) Poudre inci- 
 sive ou anti-asth)matique. {Sacchar. alb. p. 3, 
 sulphur, lot. p. 2, sdllce. siccat. p. j. Ph. P.) 
 Dose, gr. v to gss. 
 
 • Pulvis de^Suepha'te Potas's* Compos'itus, 
 P. tem'perans Stah'lii, (F.) Poudre telliperante 
 de Stahl. '(Potass. sulph.,P.nitrat.Sz,9p.,Aij- 
 drarg. sulph. rubr. 9 p. Mix. Ph. P.) As an 
 antiphlogistic, and in acidity of the first pas- 
 sages. Dose, 9j to gij. 
 
 Pulvis e Sulphure'to HYDEAR'arRi Nigeo 
 ET Scammo'nio dictus Veemif'ugus Meecu- 
 EiA'Lis, (F.) Poudre 'verTnifuge msrcu^elle, 
 (Pulv. cornachin., hydrarg. sulphuret. nigr. re- 
 cent, praep., aa p. ee. Mix. Ph. P.) Dose, 9j to 
 
 3SS. 
 
 Pulvis Sympatheticds, Sympathetic pow- 
 der— p. Temperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate po- 
 tassae compositus — p. Terrestris, P. cretae com- 
 positus.. 
 
 Pulvis Tkagacan'thje Compos'itus, Species 
 Diatragacan'tha frig"idce, Pulvis e Tragacan'- 
 tha compositus. Compound Powder of Traga- 
 eanth, (F.) Poudre de gomme adragant com- 
 posee. (JPragacanth. contus., acacisi gummi 
 cont., amyli, sing. §iss, sacch. pnrif. _^iij. Ph. 
 L.) Demulcent. In coughs, &c. Dose, gss 
 to .:^iij. 
 
 Pulvis de Teibus, P. cornachini — p. Tun- 
 quinensis, P. Cobbii— p. ad Ulcera tendinum, P. 
 
 myrrhae compositus — p. VerraifugUs absque 
 mercuric, Pulvis ex hel,minthocorto comp.-*(p. 
 Vermifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hy- 
 drargyri nigro et scammonio — p. Vitse Impera- 
 toria, P. cinnamomi compositus. 
 
 PUMEX, iapsi^a'mm, Pumice,(V.) Pierre 
 Ponce. This was formerly employed as a de- 
 siccative and dentifrice. 
 
 PUMICE, Pumex. 
 
 PUMILIO, Nanus. 
 
 PUMILUS, see Nanus. 
 
 PUMP, BREAST, Antlia lactea^p. Stomach, 
 Antlia gastrica. "> 
 
 PUNA, Veta, Sorocco, Soroche, Mareo, (S.) 
 A sickness common in the elevated districts of 
 South America, and elsewhere, which attacks 
 those unaccustomed to breathe the rarefied at- 
 mosphere. It strongly resembles sea-sickness, 
 with a most acute and depressing throbbing in 
 the head. It does not often affect the respira- 
 tion considerably.- / 
 
 FUNAISE, Ciniex. 
 
 PUNAISIE, Ozaena. 
 
 TVNCll,Rhi'zagra,{iompwngere, ' to prick.' 
 Repulso'rium, (F.) Repoussoir. A surgical in- 
 strument - used for extracting the stumps of 
 teeth. See Lever. Also, an agreeable alcoholic 
 drink, Inade of spirit, wine, sugar, lemon juice 
 and water. Milk is sometimes substituted 
 in part for the water : it then forms Milk . 
 Punch. 
 
 PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS, Ossification, 
 points of — p. Mucosa, see Acne. 
 
 PUNCTICULA, PetechiiB. 
 
 PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture — p. Ner- 
 vi, Neuronygme.. 
 
 PUNCTUM AU'REUM, Punctu'ra aurea. 
 Formerly, when an intestinal hernia was re- 
 duced, by an incision made through the inte- 
 guments down to the upper part of the sperma- 
 tic vessels, a golden wire was fixed and twisted, 
 so as to prevent the descent of any thing down 
 the tunica vaginalis. j( Hence, the term. 
 
 Punctum Sa'liens, p. sanguin'eium sa'liens, 
 Glob'ulus sanguhi'eus, Punctus ruber s of liens. 
 The first moving point which makes its appear- 
 ance after the fecundation of the germ. It has 
 been generally, but erroneously, applied to /the 
 heart of the embryo. 
 
 FUNCTURA, Paracentesis— p.Aurea, Punc- 
 tum aureum. 
 
 PUNCTURE, Punctu'ra, Punc'tio, Cente'- 
 sis, Paracente'sis, JVi/xis, from ^ungere, ' to 
 prick;' Tresis Purictura, (F.) Piqure. A 
 wound made by a pointed instrument, as a 
 sword, bayonet, needle, thorn, &c. A punc- 
 ture is, generally, of trifling consequence ; but, 
 sometimes, it becomes important from the parts 
 implicated, and the after consequences. 
 ' PUNC'TURING. Same etymon. Com- 
 punc'tio, Paracente'sis, (F.) Ponctio^K. The 
 operation of opening, by means of a trocar ^ lan- 
 cet, &c., any natural or accidental cavity ; with 
 the view of evacuating any' fluid, effused or ac- 
 cumulated therein. Paracentesis is a sort of 
 puncturing. 
 
 . PUNCTUS RUBER SALIENS, Punctum 
 S3.li ens 
 
 PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif. Pain is said to 
 be .pungent, when it seems as if a pointed in- 
 strument were forced into the suffering part. 
 
 PU'NICA GRANA'TUM. The Pom<^gra - 
 nate, Rhoa, joa, Rhoea, jkb, Grana'ium, Malo- 
 
PUNK 
 
 718 
 
 PURSINESS 
 
 graka'twm, (F.) Grenadier: Family, Myrtoi- 
 deae. Sex. Syit.MlcosaBdria Monogynia. The 
 rind of the fruit, called Malicho'riwi^, Malaco- 
 ^^um, or Malicorium; and ,the- flowers— called 
 Balaustine jiovjers — are used in medicine. 
 They have been employed both internally and 
 externally as astringents. The seeds are called 
 Cocco'nes, a-oaxmytg. The portion, however, of 
 the plant, that has attained most celebrity, is 
 the bark of the rootj Grana'ti Radi'eis Cortex; 
 which appears tb be very efficacious in taenia. 
 It is given in decoction, {Granat. rod. cart. 
 Jij ; Aqtite Oij, boiled to Oiss.) Dose, f. gij, 
 every half hour. Three or four doses are 
 usually sufficient to expel the worm. 
 
 The bark contains a peculiar matter called 
 Grenadin. 
 
 PUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 PUOGENIA, Pyogenia. 
 
 PUPIL, Pupil'la, P'u'pula, Pupil'io, Vis'io, 
 Opsis, Core, Cora, Rhox, Fene'stra seu Nigrum 
 seu Fora'tnen Oc'uli, Brunel'la, iMmen, Glene, 
 Sight of the eye, (F.) Pupille, Prunelle. The 
 aperture of the iris, through which the rays of 
 light pass that have, to impress the image of an 
 object on the retina. This aperture can be di- 
 lated or contracted so as to allow a greater or 
 smaller quantity of luminous rays to penetrate. 
 The pupil, in man, is round, and by it the an- 
 .terior and posterior chambers of the eye com- 
 municate with each other. In the foetus, during 
 the first six months of gestatiop, it is closed by 
 the pupillary membrane. 
 
 Pupil, Closure of the, Synezizis. 
 
 PUPILL5: VELUM, Pupillary membrane. 
 
 PUPILLARIS HERBA, Lapsana. 
 
 PU'PILLARY, Pupillairis. That which be- 
 longs to the pupil. 
 
 PnpiLLAET Membrane, Memhra'na Fupilla'- 
 ris, Pupil'la velvmi, Memhra/n-a, Waehendor- 
 fia'na. The centraF aperttfre: of the iris is 
 closed, in the fcetus, during^ia certain period of 
 gestation, by a very thin membrane. It disap- 
 pears in the seventh month. 
 
 PUPl'ET ROOT, Yeratrum viride. 
 
 PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone. 
 
 PUPtJLA, Pupil.- 
 
 PU'PUL^, A'pice? digito'rum. The pulps 
 or extremities of the fingers. 
 
 PURBLINDNESS,.Myopia. ' 
 
 PURGAMENTA,Excrement— p.Alba,Leu- 
 corrhcea — p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Fuerperii, 
 Lochia — p. Uteri, Lochia. ' 
 
 PURGANS MEDIC AMENTUM, Cathartic. 
 
 PURGATIO, Catharsis— p. Alvi, Catharsis 
 — p. Muliebris alba, Leucorrhosa — p. Puerperii, 
 Lochia. 
 
 PURGATIONES, Menses — p. Menstruae, 
 Menses. 
 
 ^PURGATIONS, Menses. 
 
 PUR'GATIVE, Purgati'vKs, Purgans, 
 Moeh/li^us, Coftoret'ieus, Catoter'ieus, Catha/i'- 
 ilc, (F.) Purgatif, from purgare, ' to cleanse.' 
 A medicine which operates more powerfully on 
 the bowels than a laxative, stimulating the 
 muscular coat, and exciting increased secretion 
 from tbe mucous coat. 
 
 PURGE ROOT, Euphorbia corollata. 
 
 PURlF'ICANS, Purificus, from purifieare, 
 ' to make pure or clean.' Purifying : hence; — 
 
 PuRiFicANTiA ; Medicines that cleanse or 
 purify the blood. 
 
 PURIFICUS, Purificans. 
 
 PU'RIFORM, PuTiform'is; from pus, and 
 forma. That which has the appearance of pus. , 
 
 PlfRO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 PURO-MUCOUS, Puro-muco'sus, from pus', 
 puris, and mucus. Having the character or 
 appearance of pus and mucus. 
 
 PURPLES, Purpura haamorrhagica. 
 
 Purpura, Por'phyra, ' a purple colour.' 
 This word has been employed' in many senses. 
 It generally means, livid spots on the skin from 
 extravasated blood, with languor and loss of 
 muscular strength, pains in die limbs. — (F.) 
 Pourpre. 
 
 In Purpura Simplex, Porphyra simplex, Pete'- 
 chise singfehre, Felio'sis, Phmnig'mvs Petechia'- 
 lis ; Frofa'sio svbeuta^nea, Pete'chiaX Scurvy, 
 the spots are numerous, but smalPand flea-bite- 
 shaped ; chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs ; 
 with paleness of countenance. ^ 
 
 In Purpura IIamorrhag"ica, Porphyra hse- 
 morrhagica, Stomac'aci universalis, F^cerrtorrha- 
 giauniversa'lis, Petechiano'sis,'MdrMis maeu- 
 lo'sus h(2morrhag"icus Werlhof'ii, Pelidsis ha- 
 morrhag"ica, Scorbu'tvs, Sehorbu'ius, Hcemor- 
 rhce'a petechia'lis, Hamatospilia, Land Scurvy, 
 Purples, (F.) Scoriut, S. de Terre, Maladie de 
 Werlkof, JSemaceiinose, Peliose hemorrhagiqa e 
 — the spots are circular, and of different sizes; 
 often in stripes or patches, irregularly scattered 
 over the thighs, arms, and trunk ; with occasional 
 hemorrhage froni' the mouth, nostrils, or vis- 
 cera, and great detjility and depression of spirits. 
 
 In FurpwaNau'tiea,Forphyranaut%ca^ Scor- 
 bu'tus, Pechytyr'be, Gingibra'chium, Gingipe'* 
 diUTJi, Scelotyr'be, Stom^c'ace, Scorbu'tus Tiau'- 
 ticus or Sea scurvj/, (F.) Scor^af, there are spots, 
 of different hues, intermixed with the livid, 
 priiicipally at the roots of the hair ; the teeth 
 are loose; the gums are spongy and bleeding; 
 the breath is fetid, and the debility universal and 
 extreme. This occurs chiefly at sea, after ex- 
 posure to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere ; with 
 long use of one kind of food and of stagnant water. 
 
 AH these varieties of purpura resemble each 
 other considerably. In the first two, however, 
 there seems, at times, to be some excitement, 
 which has led to the employment of purgatives, 
 and even of bleeding, with advantage. They 
 are depeud'ent upon a peculiar diathesis, which 
 has been termed Scorbu'tic Cachex'ia, 'Lues 
 Scorbu'tica, and Gacochym'ia Scorbu'tica. Ge- 
 nerally speaking, the use of the mineral acids 
 will be indicated; and in sea scurvy, vege- 
 table acids must be regarded as the best anti- 
 scorbutics. Nitre is, also, a good antiscorbutic, 
 and in cases of great prostration it may be 
 united with Peruvian bark or turpentine. Ta- 
 marinds and cream of tartar, made into drink, 
 are also serviceable. But the great remedy is 
 change from low to cheerful spirits; from filth 
 to cleanliness ; and from a cold and damp, to a 
 temperate and dry climate, with change of food, 
 and especially the use of green vegetables.- 
 
 The general principles of management 'are 
 the same in sea, as in land scurvy. 
 
 Purpura, Scarlatina— "p. Alba benigna et 
 maligna, Miliary fever — p. Maligna, Petechiae 
 — p. Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. PuerperarUm, 
 Miliary fever— j5. Urticata, Urticaria. 
 
 PURPURISSUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
 rubrum. 
 
 PURSE, Scrotum. 
 
 PUR'SINESS, Dyspnce'a pinguedino'sa, (F.) 
 
PURSLAIN 
 
 719 
 
 PYLORUS 
 
 Pousse. Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive 
 fatness. 
 
 PURSLAIN, Portulaca— p. Milk, Euphorbia 
 coroUata — p. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
 
 PU'RULENX, Purulen'tus, Em'pyos, Pyo'- 
 des, Py'icus, That which has the character of 
 pus or consists of pus ; as purulent matter, a 
 purulent collection, &c. * . 
 
 PURULENTIA, Suppuration. 
 PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis. 
 PUSjiWorter, Humor purulen'tus, Py on, Py- 
 ono'ma. A secretion from inflamed textures, 
 and especially from the cellular membrane. It 
 is, almost always, of the same nature, whatever 
 may be the part it proceeds from. Pus of a good 
 quality,' — laudable pus. Pus bonum sen laudab'- 
 ilS sen nutriti'vum seu verum, '(E.) Pus lou- 
 able, is of a yellowish-white colour, opake, in- 
 odorous, and of a creamy appearance. Pleat, 
 acids, and alcohol coagulate it. When analyzed 
 by Schwilgufe, it afforded albumen and water, 
 a particular extractive substance, and a small 
 quantity of soda, phosphate of lime, and other 
 salts. Normal pus consists essentially of two 
 distinct parts, pus corpuscles or pus globules, 
 and a colourless aqueous fluid, liquor puris, in 
 which the corpuscles are suspended. 
 
 Pus BoNUM, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pus 
 — p. Corrosivum, Sanies — p. Globules, see Pus 
 — p. Laudabile, see Pus — p. Louable, seq»Pus^ — 
 p. Malignum, Ichor — p. Malignum, Sanies — p. 
 Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum,. see Pus. 
 
 PUSILLA'TUM, Pusula'tum, from piisillus, 
 ' small.' A coarse powder. 
 
 PUSILL US, Nanus.' 
 
 PUSTULA, Pustule— p. Ardens, Eczema— 
 p.. Oris, Aphthas. 
 
 PtisTUL^ SiccJ:, Lichen.' 
 
 PUSTULA'TION, Pustida'tio; from pustu- 
 la, ' a pustule.' The formation of pustules. . 
 
 PUSTULE, Pus'tula,{iompus : Ecpye'sis, 
 Ecthy'ma, Benatji, BubS, Epanas'tasis. An 
 elevation of the ciiticle, with an inflanied base 
 containing pus. Willan and Bateman reckon 
 four varieties of pustules : Fhlyza'cium, Psy- 
 dra'dum, Achor aiid Favus. The variolous 
 pustule is often called, by the French, Grain; 
 by us. Pock. • 
 
 PUSTULE MALIGNE, see Anthrax. 
 
 PUSULATUM, Pusillatum. '^■ 
 
 PUT lUM, Prepuce. 
 
 PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefac- 
 tion. 
 , PUTREFACTION, Putrefae'tio, Pu- 
 trescen'tia. Sepsis, Sap'rotes, Putrid fermen- 
 ta'tion, Putrefact^ive fermeiitation, from pu- 
 trf,s, putre, ' rotten,' and facere, ' to make.' 
 A decomposition, experienced by animal sub- 
 stances, when depri^d of life and placed 
 under particular substances. The presence of 
 water is indispensable. The temperature most 
 favourable to it, is from 60° to 90° of Fahren- 
 heit. The most common products of putrefac- 
 tion are water, carbonic acid, acetic acid, am- 
 monia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi-putrid 
 substance, which is volatilized and has an in- 
 , fected odour. It has been supposed that some- 
 thing like putrefaction may occur in the living 
 body, as in case of putrid fever. To this con- 
 dition, Piorry has given tiie name Typhokce'- 
 mia, conceiving it to be owing to alteration of 
 the blood by putrid animal matters. Putrefac- 
 tion, signifies the state of becoming putrid: 
 
 whilst putridity, Put^o, Putrid'itas, (F.) 
 Pounfiture, is the state of rottenness. 
 
 PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus — p. Poison, 
 see Poison. 
 
 • PUTRESCENTIA, .Putrefaction— p. Uten 
 gravidi, Hysterorroalacia. 
 
 PUTRID, Pu'tr.idus, Sapros, (F.) Putride, 
 from putrere, ' to' rot.' An epithet for some af- 
 fections, in wych the matters excreted and the 
 transpiration irself exhale a Smell of putridity. 
 It is particularly applied to typhus. 
 
 PUTRIDITAS, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction. 
 
 PUTRILA'GO,-PK«ror, (F.)Putrilage. Same 
 etymon. The pultacepus matter or slough, 
 which forms in certain gangrenous and other 
 ulcers, and is thrown off. 
 
 PUTROR, Putrilage. 
 
 PUTZOCHILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
 
 PY ARTH'RUM, from no ov, ' pijs,' and agfigur, 
 'joint.' A suppurated joint'. 
 
 PYCNIGMASTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio. 
 
 PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia. 
 
 PYECCHYSIS; fromnuov, 'pus,'and*K«(^uins, 
 ' efl"usion.' An effusion.of pus. 
 
 PYELITIS^ from nvtlog, 'pelvis,' and itis, 
 denoting : inflammation. Inflammation of the 
 pelvis and calices of the kidney. 
 
 PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
 
 PYELONEPHRITIS, from Tivelo?, ' pelvis,' 
 »£(/ij)o£:, 'kidney,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the kidney and of the 
 pelvis and calices. 
 
 PYELOS, Pelvis. 
 
 PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis. ' 
 
 PYESIS, Suppuration. 
 
 PYETIA, Colostrum. 
 
 PYGE, Nates. 
 
 PYGME, Forearm. , 
 
 PYGODID'YMUS, Bid'ymus symphyoperi- 
 nx'us, Pygop'ngei; from nuyrj, ' the nates,' and 
 iiSti/io!, 'a twin.' A monstrosity, in which 
 twins are united by the sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus. 
 
 PYICUS, Purulent. 
 
 PYLE, Porta. 
 
 PYLEMPHRAX'IS, Crom tvk,!, ' porta,' 'a 
 gate,' and s^95B?(t, 'obstruction.' Obstruction 
 of the vena portae. ' 
 
 PYLORIC, Pylo/icus. Same etymon as py- 
 lorus. That which relates to the pylorus. An 
 epithet given to different parts-. 
 
 Pyloric Artery, Arte'ria Corona'ria dex- 
 tra, (F.) Petite artire gastrique d^roite, arises 
 from the hepatic, and is distributed' to the py- 
 lorus and to the lesser curvature of the stomach, 
 anastomosing, particularly, with the A. coro- 
 nariaventriculi and A. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
 
 PVlorio Vein follows the same distribution 
 as the artery. 
 
 PYLO'RUS, Jan'itor, Portona'rium^ from 
 TtvKn, ' a gate,' and ooijos, ' a guardian ;' Os'tium 
 ventrie'uli duodena'le seu pylor'icum seu dex- 
 trum seu infe'rius, Orific"ium d'extruin seu infe- 
 rius seu Egres'sus seu Os infe'rius seu An'nu- 
 lus seu Sphincter ijentri'culi, Ostia'rius, Hos- 
 tia'rizis,(¥.) Pylore. The lower or right. ori- 
 .fice of the stomach — Orifice intestinal-, (Oh.) — 
 is called Pylorus, because it closes the entrance 
 into the intestinal canal, and is furnished with a 
 circular, flattened, fibro-mucous ring, which 
 occasions the total closure of the stomach during 
 
PYOBLENNICtJS 
 
 720 
 
 FYRETICOSIS 
 
 digestion in that oigm. This ring hasjbeen 
 called the Valve of th^ Pylorus, Sphiiictir Py- 
 lo'ri, Pylo'rus proprie sic dictus, (F.) Valvule 
 du pylore. It is a fold of the mucousand mus- 
 cular membranes of the stomach] and is th^ 
 Pyloric muscle of some autji^rs. • 
 
 fYOBLENNICtJS. Mucopmrulent. 
 
 FyOBLENNORRH(E'A;'from ttuov, 'pus,' 
 (SJEVvaj ' mucus,' and jeo,. ' I flow.' Adischarge 
 of pnriform mucus. 
 
 PYOCENO'SIS; from nunv, 'pus,' and m- 
 vaa-i?, ' evacuation.' Evacuation of pus. 
 
 PYOCHEZ'IA, Diarrha'a purulen'ta; ixora 
 Tvov, 'pus,' and ;fE?a), 'I go to stool.' Dis- 
 charge of pus by stool. , Purulent diarrhoea. 
 
 VYOCiK'TAKjAsiri'tespurulen'tuSftioraxnoy, 
 'pus,' and ^.tilia, 'the belly.' Pus in the ab- 
 dominal cavity. 
 
 JYOCYSTIS, Vomica. 
 
 PYODES, Purulent. 
 
 PYffiDE'MA ; from a-uov, ' pus,' and oiiijua, 
 ' swelling.' Tumefaction of .the surface owing 
 to effusion of pus. • ' 
 
 PYOEM'ESIS, Pyem'esis, Vom'itua purulen- 
 tus; from nvav, ' pus,' and s/^fo-n, ' the act of vo- 
 miting.' Vomiting of pus. 
 
 PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOGEN'IA, Puogen'ia, Pyogen/esis, Pyo- 
 po'e'sis; from tuoj, 'pus,' and ytMiri;, 'genera- 
 tion.' Generation of pus. The theory or me- 
 chanism of the formation of pus. Some have 
 believed that pus is formed by the arterial sys- 
 tem, and is deposited,^by way of excretion, in 
 the inflamed parts ; others, that it is formed by 
 the destruction of solid parts. These opinions 
 are, however, inadmissible ; and pus is now re- 
 garded as mainly the product of a particular 
 secretion in the diseased part. 
 
 Pyogenia Cokrosiva, Ulceration — p. Sim- 
 plex, Suppuration. 
 
 PYOGENIC, Pyogen'icus; same etymon. 
 Having relation to the formation of pus. 
 
 PYOH^'MIA, from nuiv, ' pus,' and 'ai;iiK, 
 ' blood.' Alteration of the blood by pus. 
 
 PYOID GLOBULES, see Pus. 
 
 PYOME'TRA, P. purulen'ta, from vrt/sr, 
 'pus,' and firjrQx, 'womb.' A "collection of 
 pus in the uterus. 
 
 Pyometra PuRULENTA, Pyometra. 
 
 PYON, Pus. 
 
 PYON&PHRITE, see Nephritis. 
 
 PYONOMA, Pus. 
 
 PYOOTORRHCEA, Otirrhcea. 
 
 PYOPERICAR'DIA, Pyopericar'dium, 
 from 7IU0V, ' pus,' TTtqi, ' about,' and K^lgJ^a, ' the 
 heart.' A collection of pus in the pericardium. 
 
 PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon. 
 
 PYOPLEXmiTE, Empyema. 
 
 PYOPOE'SIS, Pyogenia. 
 
 PYOP'TYSIS, from nuov, ' pus,' and Trnw, 
 ' I spit.' Spitting of pus. 
 
 PYO'RRHAG</I A, from m-.v, ' pus,' and fayri, 
 ' violent rupture.' A sudden discharge of a 
 large collection of matter. 
 
 PYORRHOE'A, from tiuov, ' pus,' and ^la, ' I 
 flow.' A discharge of pus. 
 
 Pyorrhce'a Alvi'na, Pyochezia — p. Aurium, 
 Otirrhcea — p. Nasalis, Ozaena — p. Palpebrae, 
 Blepharopyorrhcea — p. Urinalis, Pyuria — p. 
 Viarum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhcea. 
 
 PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuration 
 — p. Pectoris, Empyema. 
 
 PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema. 
 
 PTOTORRlttE, Otoxxh(£a.. - 
 
 PYOTURIA, Pyuria. • 
 
 PYR, Fever. 
 
 PYRA, Anthrax — p. Crustumina, Crustumi- 
 natum — p. .Crustumerina^ Crustuminatum. 
 
 PYR'AMID, Pyr'amis, Eminen'i^t pyrwmi- 
 da%^ tym'pgmi, from Tug, ' flame,'?which has a. 
 conical appearance. (?) A small, bdny projec- 
 tion in the cavity of the tympanum, which is 
 excavated, to lodge the muscle^ of the stapes 
 Also, the Centre-pin of the trephine. 
 
 Pyramid, see Calumba, and Vermiform pro- 
 cesses — p. of Malacaine, Vermiform process, 
 inferior. , 
 
 PYRAMIDAL DE L'ABDOMEN, Pyra- 
 midajis abdominis — p. de la Cuisse,'PyTa.miiz\is 
 — p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi — p. Stapedien, 
 Stapedius. 
 
 PYRAMID ALE, (OS,) Cuneiform,_(borie.) 
 
 PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS, Mas' cuius 
 Fallo'^pii vel succenturia'tus vel audiilia'riu's, 
 {'F.)Pubio-omhilical,Piibio-sous-ombilical,(Ch.,') 
 Pyramidal de I'ahdonien, A small, fleshy 
 pyramidal fasciculus, whose existence is not 
 constant; and which is inserted, by its basfe, into 
 the upper part of the pubis, and terrninates, by 
 its summit, at the inferior part of the linea alba. 
 -When it contracts it stretches the linea alba. 
 
 Pybamida'lis, p. Fem'oris, Ili'acus exter'- 
 nus, Pyrifor'm'is, Piriformis, Priinus et supe- 
 rior guadrigem'imis , (F.) Sacro-irochanterien, 
 (Ch.) Pyramidal de la cuisse.. A flat, triangu- 
 lar muscle, si,tuate at the posterior part of the 
 pelvis.- By its base, it is attached to the an- 
 terior surface of the sacrum ; to the correspond- 
 ing surface of the great sacro-seiatic ligament 
 and to the posterior part of the ilium.. It ter- 
 minates by a tendon, which is attached to 'the 
 inner surface of the great trochanter. This 
 muscle is a rotator of the thigh outwards, or of 
 the pelvi|S in an opposite direction. 
 
 Pyramibalis Femoris, Pyramidalis. 
 
 Pyramida'lis Nasi, Prac"erus nasi, Naswm 
 dila'tans, (F.) Pronto-nasal (Ch.), Pyramidal 
 du nez. A thin, triemgular muscle, which has its 
 summit upwards. Atove, it is continuous with 
 the occipito-frontalis. It descends vertically be- 
 fore the root of the nose, on which il terminates ; 
 becoming''confounded with" the transversalis. 
 This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of 
 the nose transversely, and stretches that which 
 covers the tip. 
 
 PYRAMIDES ANT&RIEXJRES, Corpora « 
 pyraraidalia^-p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids 
 of — p. Malpighianae, Papillee of the kidney — p. 
 Posterieures du cervelet. Corpora restiformia. 
 
 PYRAMIDS, POSTERIOR, Corpora resti- 
 formia-^. of Wistar, Sphenoidal cornua. 
 
 PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid— p. Cochleae, 
 Modiolus — p. Trigona, see Temporal bone. 
 
 PYRCiEA, Incendium. 
 
 PYREC'TICA, 'febrile;' from irt-ssTo;, ' fe- 
 ver.' Fevers-! the first order in the class H<x- 
 matiea of Good. 
 
 PYRENOIDES, Odontoid. 
 
 PYRkTHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum. 
 
 PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Ur- 
 tica — p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium — 
 p. Sylvestre, Achillea ptarmica. 
 
 PYRETICO'SIS ; from ttuj, ' fire,' and ttv- 
 neroc, 'fever;' Morbus febri'lis. A febrile af- 
 fection. 
 
PYRETICUS 
 
 721 
 
 PYULCON 
 
 PYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
 
 PYRETOGRAPH'IAi from rue'T'C) ' fever,' 
 and vs^f Ij ' * description.' A description of 
 fever. 
 
 PYRETOL'OGY, Pyretolo^'ia; from nufit- 
 Toc, ' fever,' arid I'aytif, ' a discourse.' Pyrol'- 
 ogy. A treatise on fevers. A title sometimes 
 given to a monograph on fever. 
 
 PYRETOS, Fever. 
 
 PYREX'IA, Pyrex'is. Same etymon as the 
 next. Fever. ' The febrile condition. Also, 
 a paroxysm of fevei^Paroxysltius febri'Hs. 
 
 PYREX'IiE, fromTi-e, 'fire.' Febrile dis- 
 eases. The first class of CuUeh's Nosology. 
 
 PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tarlarizatum. 
 
 PYRIA, Fomentation, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium. 
 
 PYRICAUSTUM, Burn. 
 
 PYRIFORMIS, Pyramidaljs. - 
 
 PYRIPH'iEGES, 7Tvet<fityij!,{tomvtiQ, ' fire,' 
 and (jiUya, 'I burn.' Oiie.who has a burning 
 fever. 
 
 PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum. 
 
 PYRMONT, JMINERAL WATERS OF. 
 A celebrated mineral spring, on the Weser, in 
 Westphalia, four leagues from Hamelet. The 
 waters are tonic, and contain chlorides of so- 
 dium and magnesiuta, sulphatfes of soda' and 
 magnesia, and carbonates of iron, lime, and 
 magnesia dissolved in carbonic acid, with some 
 resinous principlea. It is a highly carbonated 
 chalybeate. 
 
 A'RTiFic"iAL Pyrmont Water maybe formed 
 of £psom salt, gr. xv, Common salt, gr. v. 
 Magnesia, gr. x. Iron filings, gr. ^, Water, 
 Oiij. Impregnated vi^ith the gas from Marble 
 powder and Sulphuric add, aagvij. 
 ■ PYRCENUS, Spiritus rectificatus. 
 
 PYR'OLA, F- rotiindifo' Ha, Round-leaved 
 wintergreen. Order, Pyrolaceas. This plant 
 was once used as a gentle astringent and tonic: 
 
 Pyr'ola Macula'ta, Spotted Pipsi^'sewa, 
 Whiteleaf, White Fipsisseway, King cure. 
 Ground Jiolly , Rheumatism weed, &c., has simi- 
 lar properties. 
 
 Pyrola Umbella'ta, Chimaph'ila vel Chi- 
 moph'ila umbella'ta, C Corym.bo'sa, Ground- 
 holly, Pipsissewa,. Wintergreen, Rheumatism 
 weed, Herbe a pisser (Canada). , This common 
 American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bo 
 tanical as well as medical qualities. It is tonic 
 and diuretic. The bruised leaves irritate the 
 s6in. From the decoction or infusion an agree- 
 able beverage m^y be formed by adding sugar, 
 ginger to flavour it, and yeast to produce fer- 
 mentation. XJndpr the name Pipsis' sewa Beer 
 it has been used in scrofulous affections. 
 
 PYROLEUM OSSIUM RECTIFICATUM, 
 Oleum animale Dippelii. 
 
 PYROLIG'NEOUS ACID, AC'idum Fyro- 
 ace'ticjim, A. Ligni pyro-oleo'snm, A. Ace'ti- 
 e2tm empyreumat'icuih. A: Li.g'neum, Pyrolig'- 
 nic Acid, (F.) Acide Pyrolignetix, Vinaigre de 
 bois. An acid,- obtained by distillation, from 
 wood; coal, &c., which was once believed to'be 
 of a peculiar character. If is now known to be 
 formed of acetic acid and an empyreumatic oil, 
 from which it may be freed ; and. In this state, 
 is sold in commerce for Acetum destillatum. 
 It is used for similar purposes as distilled vine- 
 gar, and for preserving animal substances. It 
 has also been used as an antiseptic in gangrene 
 and sphacelus,.and to foul ulcers; wherever in- 
 
 deed creasote is indicated. — The dose of the 
 impure pyroligneous acid internally is from 5 
 to 30 drops, three or four times a day. 
 
 PYllOMA'NIA ; from nvq, ' fire,' and mania. 
 Insanity, with an irresistible desire to destroy 
 by fire. 
 
 PYROPH'AGUS, Igniv 'orus, from iruq, 
 ' fire,' and tpaya, ' I eat.' One who eats fire. 
 A juggler, who eats bodies in a state of ignition. 
 
 PYROS, Triticum. 
 
 PYRO'SIS, from nvq, ' fire,' ' the act of burn- 
 ing.' Ptyalis'mus pyros'icus, lAmo'sis cardial'' 
 gia sputato'ria. Ardor stoTn'achi, A, Ventric'uli, 
 Cardial' gia sputatoria, Pyrosis Suec"ica, Apo- 
 ceno'sis vom'itus pyrosis. Dyspepsia pyrosis, 
 Cnismoreg'mia,^ Ebullifio stom'acM, Orex'is 
 (of some), Waterbrash, Waterqualm, Black- 
 water, (F.) Ardeur de I'Estomac, Fer chaud, 
 Cremason, Soda, Gorgosset; This affection con- 
 sists of a hot sensation in the stomach, with eruc- 
 tations of an afcrid, burning liquid, that causes a 
 distressing sensation in the parts over which it 
 passes. Attention to diet, and the use of bitter 
 absorbents, will usually i;elieve, when the dis- 
 ease is functional. Occasionj^lly, it is symp- 
 tomatic of organic disease of the stomach. 
 
 Pyrosis also signified, of old, inflammation, 
 gangrene, and a burn. 
 
 Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis. 
 
 PYROSOPHIA, Chymistry. 
 
 PYROTECHNIA, Chymistry. 
 
 PYROTECH'NY, Fyrbtech'nl, from jrug, 
 'fire,' and Tsj^nji 'art.' Art of making fire- 
 works, &c. Also, chymistry. ^. Percy has 
 used the term FyrotecKnie Chirurgicale for the 
 art of applying fire or the actual cautery in 
 surgery. 
 
 PYROTHONIDE; from nvg, 'fire,' and 
 o&ovti, ' linen.' Liquor pyro-oleo' sus e lin'teo 
 para'Lus. A kind of pyrogenous or empyreu- 
 matic oil produced by the combustion of tex- 
 tures of hemp, linen, or cotton in a copper ves- 
 sel. The brown product is acid. Its medical 
 properties probably resemble those of creasote. 
 Diluted with three or four times its weight of 
 water, it has been used as a gargle in cynanche 
 tonsillaris, but it is not now employed. 
 
 It is said, also, to be a popular remedy for 
 tooth ache and skin diseases. When prepared 
 from rags, it is called rag oil; when from paper, 
 paper oil. 
 
 PYROTICUS, Caustic. 
 
 PYRUS CYDO'NIA. The Quince Tree, (F.) 
 Coignassier. Family, Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Ico- 
 sandria Pentagynia. The fruit is termed Cydo'- 
 nium Malum,Maluw^anum^ Malum coto'neum, 
 Melum cydo'nium, 'Quince, (F.) Coign. Quiilce 
 seeds are sonietimes used in decoction as a de- 
 mulcent. The fruit makes a pleasant preserve. 
 
 Pyrus Malbs, Melea. The Apple Tree, (F.) 
 Fommiier. Apples are an agreeable fruit when 
 ripe. When unripe, they disagree, especially 
 with those of weak digestive powers. The 
 same may be said of the pear: the fruit of the 
 Pyrus commiu'nis, Apios, P. Sorbus, P. Sati'va, 
 (F.) Foirier'. — Apple, (F.) Pomme. — Pear, (F.) 
 Poire. 
 
 Apple Brandy is a spirituous liquor obtained 
 from the juice of the apple, and much used in 
 the United States. 
 
 PYTIA, Colostrum. 
 , PYTISMA, Sputum, Sperm. 
 
 PYUL'CON, from nvov, 'pus,' and 'elxa, 'I 
 
PYURIA 
 
 723 
 
 QUARTI-STERNAL 
 
 extract.' (F.) Tire-pus. A surgical instrument 
 for extracting pus frojn any cavity. Marly 
 pyulca have been employed, all of which act as 
 exhausting syringes. ■ ^ ^ 
 
 i?¥U'RIA, Pyotu'ria, Pyorrhis'a urina'lis, 
 from -rvm, ' pifs,' and oygoi-, 'urine.' Discharge 
 of puruFent urine : a symptom which occurs in 
 many diseases ; particularly in cases of renal 
 calculi, and in organic affections of the Ijladder. 
 
 It receives various epithets, according to the 
 part whence the pus proceeds : — as Pyuna 
 urethra'lis, P. rena'lis, and P. vesica'lis. 
 
 Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria — p. Lactea, Chy- 
 luria — p. Mucosa, Gystirrhoea — p. Serosa, Cys- 
 tirrhoea — p. Viscida, Cystir'rhcea. 
 
 PYXIS, 7ru|/s. A box ; a pill-box. Also an 
 emollient ointment.— Aetius and Paulus. 
 
 Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid. 
 
 a. 
 
 Q. see Abbreviation. 
 
 QTTABEBE, Piper cubeba. 
 
 QIJACK, Charlatan, 
 
 QITADRANS, Quarta pars Hires. A quarter 
 of a pound. Three ounces (Troy.)- 
 
 QUADRANT AL, Amphora. 
 
 QUADRATUS, Depressor labii inferioris— 
 q. t>orsi, Q. lumborum, 
 
 Qdadka'tus ¥EM'oRis,,Quadratus, flora qua- 
 dra] ' a square ;' Quartus quadrigein'inus quitd- 
 ratus, (Ch.) Tuber-Isckio-trochanterien,Ischio- 
 sous-trochanterien, (F.) Carre de la Cuisse. 
 A muscle situate at the posterior and upper 
 part of the thigh. It is thin, ilat, and quadri- 
 lateral, and is attached to the outer part of the 
 tuberosity of the ischium;' whence it proceeds 
 transversely to the infei-ior part of the posterior 
 margin of the great trochanter. It rotates the 
 limb, turning the toe outwards. 
 
 QuADEATUs GENiE, Platysma myoides — q. 
 Radii, Pronator radii quadratus. 
 
 Q0ADRATUS Lumbo'rum, Quadratiis seu hirni- 
 ba'ris extemus; Flectens par himbo'rum^ Qua- 
 dra'tus dorsi, (F.) Ilio-costal (C\i.) Ilio-lutrihi- 
 costal. Carre deslomhes. A flat, somewhat thick, 
 irregularly quadrilateral muscle,' situate in the 
 loins, at the sides of the vertebral column. It 
 is attached, below, to the crista ilii and ilio- 
 lumbar ligament; and fibove, to the inferior 
 margin of the last rib ; and besides, to the base 
 of the transverse processes of the last four lum- 
 bar vertebrae. This muscle inclines, the loins 
 to its side; depresses^the last rib, and is thus a 
 muscle of respiration. It cap also raise tha 
 hip. 
 
 QUADRlGEM'INA TUBER'CULA, Bmi- 
 nen'tia Quadrigem'intz^ Optic Lobes, Optic 
 Ganglia, Pons Syl'vii, Cor'pora quadrigem'- 
 ina. Nates. et Testes, Cor'pora Vigeni'ina, (F.) 
 Tubercles qnadrijumeaiix, Eminences bigemi- 
 nees. Four medullary tubercles, situate at the 
 posterior. surface of the tuber annulare. They 
 are white, externally ; gray, internally ; oblong ; 
 rounded ; connected by pairs, and separated by 
 two grooves, whii;h divide them crucially. Of 
 these tubercles — the superior, called nates, 
 Tuher'cula anterio'ra, Gli^tia, are larger and 
 more prominent than the lower, called testes, 
 Tuher'cula posterio'ra. The pineal gland cor- 
 responds exactly to the point of intersection of 
 the two furrows that separate them. 
 
 QUADRIGEMINUS PRIMUS ET SUPE- 
 RIOR, Pyramidalis — q. Quadratus qnartus, 
 Quadratus femoris — q. Secundtis-et tsTtius, Is- 
 chio-trochanterianus . 
 
 QUAHOIL, Cacao. 
 
 QUAIL, Tetfao coturnix. 
 
 QUANDROS. Ancient name for a precious 
 stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul- 
 ture ; and to whick was attributed the property 
 of augmenting the secretion of tnilk, and pre- 
 serving from deadly accidents. No such stone 
 exists. 
 
 QUAR'ANTINE, from (I.) Quaranti'nk; 
 itself from qwaranta, 'forty.' (i .^Quarantaine. 
 The time during which travellers, returning 
 from a country where the plague or any otljer 
 pestilential disease exists, are compelled to 
 remain on board ship or in a lazaretto. They, 
 as well as the ship, are said ' to perform quaran- 
 tine .' Quarantine is sometimes extended beyond 
 forty days, whilst its duration is frequently 
 much less. It is sometimes enforced by land; 
 for example, when contagious diseases require 
 the establishment of cordons sanitaires, and 
 when persons are desirous of leaving infected 
 districts; During quarantine, no communica- 
 tion is allowed between the travellers and the 
 inhabitants of the country. Quarantine is a 
 great irnpedimeht to commerce ;-.and'is, doubt- 
 less, very frequently enforced when theje is 
 but little danger of contagion. The evils, how- 
 ever, that might arise from the introduction of 
 a widely-spreading contagious disease, are so 
 disastrous, as to induce legislators to maintain 
 these laws in perhaps an unnecessary degree of 
 rigour. 
 
 QUARTAN, ' of or belonging to the fourth.' 
 Quaria'na Febris, An'etus Quarta'iius, Tetar- 
 tx'.iis. Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte. An inter- 
 mittent, the paroxysms of which recur e very 4th 
 day, leaving between them two days' interval. 
 We speak also of the Quartan Type. A Double 
 Quartan is one iu which one paroxysm bccujs 
 on the third and another on the second day, so 
 that there is only one day of apyrexia and two 
 of paroxysms in succession; — the paroxysms 
 of every 4th day resembling each other. A 
 Triple Quartan is one in which there is a pa- 
 roxysm every day ; and on every three days the 
 paroxysms correspond. A redoub'ling or re- 
 peat'ing quartan, (F.) Fi^vre quarte doublee, 
 is one in whidh there are two paroxysms every 
 4th day. See Intermittent. 
 
 QUARTANUS REMITTENS, Tetartophia. 
 
 QUART A'RIUS. An ancient measure,equal 
 to .one-fourth of the- sextarius. See Weights 
 and Measures. 
 
 QUARTE, Quartan. 
 
 QUARTIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristema'lis, The 
 fourth osseous portion of the sternum, corre- 
 sponding to the fourth intercostal space. — Be- 
 clard. 
 
QUASSATIO 
 
 723 
 
 QUININE 
 
 QUASSATIO, Conquassation. 
 
 QUASSATURA, Conquassation. 
 
 QUAS'SIA, Quassia ama'ra, Quassy, Quas- 
 sia excel'sa, Pict-se'na excel' sa, Fehrif'ugum lig- 
 num, Lofty Bitterwood Tree, Bitter-ask, (F.) 
 Quassie. A West India tree, from which is 
 obtained the Lignum Quassise, Quassia, (Ph. 
 U. S.) It is an intensely^ durable bitter, with- 
 out astringency; and has been employed as a 
 tonic and stomachic. It is generally given in 
 the. form of infusion. The bitter principle is 
 called Quassin. 
 
 Quassia Simahou'ba, Simarouia, Simaruba, 
 S. officina'lis, Euon'ymus, Bitter SimaruSa, 
 Mountain Damson. The bark of the Sima- 
 rouba is bitter, and not unpleasant. Both wa- 
 ter and, alcohol extract its virtues. It is not 
 astringent. It is exhibited wherever a simple 
 tonic is required. 
 
 QUASSIN, see Quassia.- 
 
 QUATERNIO, Astra^lus. 
 
 QTJATRE APICES, see Myrtus pimenta. 
 
 QUATRIO, Astragalus. 
 
 QUEEN'S DELIGHT, StilHngia— q. of the 
 Meadows, Spiraea ulmaria — q. Root, Stillingia. 
 
 QUERCULA MINOR, Teiicrium chamae- 
 drys. 
 
 QUERCUS ALBA, the White Oak; Quercus 
 Rohur, the Common Oa&; Q. Tineto'ria, the 
 Blaci: Oak; Q. rubra Monta'na, the Red Oah or 
 Spanish Oah; Family, Amentaceaa; Sex. Syst. 
 Moncecia Polyandria; (F.) Chine. The bark 
 of all these varieties is, probably, alike in me- 
 dicinal properties. It is powerfully astringent 
 and tonic, and has betn used internally in inter- 
 inittents, and extfernally in decoction, as an as- 
 tringent wash, where such is indicated. 
 
 Acorns, Ceces, Nuces Quercus, (F.) Glands, 
 were at one time much used as food ; and a de- 
 coction of them was once recommended in dysen- 
 tery and diarrhoea, in glandular obstructions, &c. 
 A pessary made of them has been advised in 
 inimoderate flow of the menses. They are not 
 now used. 
 
 QUERODs Infeoto'eia. A tree of Asia Mi- 
 nor, which affords Turkey Galls, Nut Galls, 
 Gallce Tur'ciece, G. Querd'nce, G. Tinctb'rim, 
 JVux'GallcB, Galla max'ima orbictila'ta, Cieis, 
 Cassenoles, Galla, Galls, Gall-nut, (F.) Noix 
 de Galle. The nut-gall — Galla (Ph. U. S.) is 
 a fnorbid protuberance or tubercle, produced by 
 the puncture of the Diplo'hpis Qallse Tincto^^ 
 rise, or Cynips Quercus folii. It is powerfully 
 astringent and tonic, and has been employed in 
 diarrhcea, intestinal hemorrhage, and intermit- 
 tentsi but is chiefly used, externally, in gargles 
 and injeStjons. The powder, made into an 
 ointment with lard, is used in piles. 
 , QwEROus CocoiFERA, SBC Kermes — q. Mari- 
 na, Fucus vesiciilosus — q. Suber, see Suber. 
 
 QVEJJE DE CHEVAL, Cauda equina, see 
 Medulla spinalis — y. de la Moelle epinihre,Ca.u- 
 da equina — g. de Pourceau, PeUcedanum. 
 
 QUICK-IN-THE-HAND, Impatiens. 
 
 QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acupaiia. 
 
 QUICK'ENING,from Sax. cpiccan, 'to make 
 alive.' The period of gestation when the mo- 
 tion of the foetus first becomes perceptible. 
 This usually occurs aboul the eighteenth week, 
 and was at one time erroneously believed to 
 , mark the time at which the foetus becomes alive 
 — Anima'tio foetus. It need scarcely be said, 
 that it possesses the principle of life from the 
 
 moment of the union of the materials furnished 
 by the sexes at a fecundating copulation. When 
 the motion is felt, the female is said to be ' quick 
 with child.' ' ' 
 
 QUICKENS, Triticum repefls. 
 
 QUICKLIME, Calx viva. 
 
 QUICKSILVER, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 QUIES, Acinesia. 
 
 QUINA, Quinina — q. Quina, Cinchona. 
 
 QUIN^ ACETAS SULPHAS, &c., see 
 Quinina. 
 
 QUINCE, see Pyrug cydonia— q. Tree, Py- 
 rus cydonia. 
 
 QU.INIA, Quinina— q. Acetate of, Quinine, 
 acetate of— q. Amorphous, see Quinia, extract 
 
 of. 
 
 Quinia, Extract of, Qui'mce sulphas impu'- 
 rus. A preparation which consists in evapo- 
 rating the liquor pouted off the crystals of sul- 
 phate of quinia, to the consistence of a pilular 
 mass. 
 
 It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, 
 and its active principle appears to be amorphous 
 
 Quinia, Impure Sulphate of. Extract of 
 Quinia— q. Iodide of, see Iodine— q. and Mer- 
 cury, Protochloride of, Hydrargyri et Quinise, 
 Protochloridum— q. Sulphate of. Quinine, sul- 
 phate of. 
 
 For other salts, of Quinia, see Quinine, ace- 
 tate of. 
 
 QUINIA ACETAS, SULPHAS, &c., see 
 Quinine. 
 
 QUININE, Qui'nia, Qnina, Eini'num, Chi- 
 ni'num, Qui'nina., An alkaline, uncrystalliza- 
 ble substance; under the form of a. porous, 
 whitish mass ; almost insoluble in water, solu- 
 ble in alcohol and ether. It forms, with acids, 
 salts that are in general soluble. • It is obtained 
 from different cinchonas, but chiefly from the 
 yellow, and is the active principle of those 
 valuable drugs. 
 
 Quinine or Quinia, Sulphate of, Qui'nse 
 Sulphas, Quini'ncB Sulphas, Quince Disnl'phas, 
 Quince Sulphas, Chi'nium seu Chini'nvm Sul- 
 phu'ricum, (F.) Sulfate de Quinine — the salt 
 usually employed in tnedicine — occurs in nee- 
 dles of a pearly and satiny appearance. It is 
 employed with great success in the treatment 
 of intermittents ; and is available in many cases, 
 where the bark in substance could not be re- 
 tained, or would be injurious. Dose, from 3 to 
 10 grains in the ^4 hours. It is obtained, by 
 treating the yellow bark with sulphuric acid. 
 The following form is adopted in the- Pharma- 
 copoeia of the United States, (1842) — Cinchon. 
 Jlav. in pulv. crass. Ibiv; Acid.muriat. f. ,?iij; 
 Calcis,'m pulv. _^v; Agnce, cong. v; Acid. Sul- 
 phur., Alcohol; Carbon, animal, aa q. s. Boil 
 the bark in one-third of the water mixed with 
 one-third of the muriatic acid, and strain through 
 linen. Boil the residue twice successively with 
 the same quantity of acid and water as before, 
 and strain. Mix the decoctions, and, while the 
 liquor is hot, gradually add the lime, previously 
 mixed with two pints of water, stirring con- 
 stantly, until the quinia is completely precipi- 
 tated. Wash the precipitate with '^.distilled 
 water, and having pressed and dried it, digest 
 it in boiling alcohol. Pour off the liquor and 
 repeat the digestion several times, until the al- 
 cohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the 
 liquors, and distil off the alcohol, until a brown 
 
QUININISM 
 
 734 
 
 RACHIOPHYMA 
 
 viscid mass remains. Upon this sujjstance, re- 
 moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon 
 of distilled water^and' having heated the mix- 
 ture to the boiling point, add as mueh->sulphuric 
 acid as may be necessary to dissolve the impure 
 alkali. Then add an ounce and a half of animal 
 charcoal ; boil for two minutes ; filter the liquor 
 while hot, and set it aside to crystallize. Should 
 the liquor, before filtration, be entirely neutral, 
 acidulate it very slightly with sulphuric acid. 
 Should it, on the contrary, change the colour of 
 litmus paper to a bright red, add more animal 
 charcoal. Separate the crystals from the liquor, 
 dissolve them in boiling water slightly acidu- 
 lated with sulphuric acid, add a little ar^imal 
 charcoal, filter and set aside to crystallize. 
 Wrap the' crystals in bibulous paper, and dry 
 with a gentle heat. The mother waters may 
 be made to yield an additional quantity of sul- 
 phate of quinia by precipitating the quinia with 
 solution ,of ammonia, and treating t^e precipir 
 tated alkali with water, sulphuric acid, and 
 animal charcoal, as before. 
 
 Quinine or Quinia, Ac"etate of, (^Quinia 
 -Ace'tas, Chiniwni Aee'ticwm, Ace'tas chinii, Ai 
 chini'ni, A* chinicus, A. QuinicB,A. QuintE, A. 
 Quini'ni, A. Kini'ni;) Aeseniate {Qui'nicB 
 arsev'iaSf Chini'nwm arsenico'sum;) Citrate 
 {QuinitE citras, Citras cAiraic?* s) Ferroctanate 
 (Quinge Ferrocy'anas^ Chihium Ferrocyano- 
 gena'tum, &c.,)li\CTATE (Qtiinia lactas,) Mu- 
 riate (QuinieB muHaSj Ckioiium Tnuriat'icum, 
 Ch. sali'twm seu hydrochlor'icuTn^ &c.,) Ni- 
 trate {Chiniwm nitricutn, &c.',) Phosphate 
 {QuivtB JPhosphas, Cldniwm, phosphoricUTn, 
 &c.,) Tannate {Quiniae Tannas,) Tartrate, 
 and Vale'rianate of Quinia, {Quinice Valeri- 
 anas) have been administered in the same cases 
 as the sulphate. 
 
 QUINI'NISM, Quimnis'muSj Quinism, The 
 aggregate of encephalic or neuropathic pheno- 
 mena induced by over doses of quinia. 
 
 QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine. 
 
 QUINQUEFOLIUM, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINQUINA, .Cinchona — j. Aromatique, 
 
 Croton cascarilla — q. Bieolor, Cinchonae Cari- 
 baeae cortex — g. Faux, de Vi/rginie, Cusparia 
 febrifuga — q. Gris deXoxa, Cinchonae lancifo- 
 lise cortex— 2. Jaune, Cinchonse cordifoliae cor- 
 tex — q. Orange, Cinchonae lantifoliae cortex — q. 
 Piton, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex — q. Rouge, 
 Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex. 
 
 QUINSEY, Cynanche tonsillaris — q. Ner- 
 vous, Angone — q. Wolf, Lycanche.' 
 r QUINTAN, Febris quinta'na, F. pemptse'a, 
 F. quinta; from quintus, 'a fifth.' A fever 
 whose paroxysms return only every five days 
 inclusively ; and between which there are, con- 
 sequently, three days of apyrexia. 
 
 QUINTE, (F.) This word is used synony- 
 mously -wKXh paroxysm or^Jf, when speaking of 
 cough, — as une Quinte de Toux — ' a fit of cough- 
 ing.' " Also, the influenza. 
 
 QUINTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans. 
 
 QUINTES, see Pertussis. 
 
 QUINTES'SENCE, Quinta Essen'tia. A 
 name formerly given, to alcohol, impregnated 
 with the principles of some drug. It was, con- 
 sequently, often synonymous with Alcohol'ic 
 tincture. The most Volatile principles of bodies 
 were, also, called Quintes'sences. 
 
 QUINTI-STERNAL. The fifth osseous por- 
 tion of the sternum. It corresponds to the 5th 
 and 6th intercostal spaces. 
 
 QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa. i 
 
 QUOTID'IAN, Quotidia'nus, Ephe'merus, — 
 itself from quottdih, ' daily.' That which takes 
 place every day. 
 
 QupTiD'iAN Fever, Febris qvotidia'na seu 
 heinere' sia seU hemer'ina, Q. ague, An'etus quo- 
 tidia'nus, Cathe'merus, Cathemer'inus, Methe- 
 mer'inos, ' Amphe'mer'inos, Amphim^r'inus, Am- 
 phe'merus, Febris amphe'inera seu methemer'- 
 ina, seu methemer'ia, Quotidia'nus, (F.) Filvre 
 quotidienne, is an intermittent, the paroxysms 
 of which recur every day. 
 
 A simple, double, OT triple quotidia7t, is 3l quo- 
 tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms 
 in the 24 hours. 
 
 R. 
 
 R. is placed at the commencement of a pre- 
 scription, as a contraction of Rec"ipe. (See 
 Abbreviation.) Originally, it was the sign y. 
 of Jupiter^ and was placed at the top of a for- 
 mula, to propitiate the king of the gods, that 
 the compound might act favourably. 
 
 RABDOIDES, (SQTURA,) Sagittal suture. 
 
 RABID, Rab'idus, (F.) RaMque, Rabieique, 
 from rabies, 'canine madness.' That which 
 belongs to hydrophobia; as rabid virus, &c. 
 
 RABIEIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 RABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia. 
 
 RABIQUE, Rabid. 
 
 RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum mouta- 
 num. 
 
 RACE, from radice, abl. of radix, ' root.' 
 The union or aggregate of individuals whose 
 conformation or particular condition differs per- 
 ceptibly from those of neighbouring varieties. 
 In the human species, several races are desig- 
 nated. See Homo. 
 
 RACEMEUX, Racemosus. • 
 
 BACEMO'SUS, Rac"emous, Rac"einose, (F.) 
 Racemeux. In clusters, like grapes. 
 
 RACE'MUS. A cluster — as of grapes. 
 
 RACHAMEL'CA, from Hebr. am {rechem) 
 'the womb,' and i^Lp (molech,) 'a king:' Re- 
 chamal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, 
 supposed, by Doleeus, to exist in the uterus. 
 
 RACHE, Porrigo. 
 
 RACHI.<EI, Rhachiaei. 
 
 RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachio- 
 dynia. Vertebral disease — r. Mesenterica, Ta- 
 bes mesenterica — r. Pictoniensium, Colic, me- 
 tallic — r. Pictonum, Colic, metallic. 
 
 RACIIIALGIE M£SENT£RIQUE, Tabes 
 mesenterica. t, 
 
 RACHIALGITIS,Rhachialgitis. 
 
 RACHIDIAN ARTERIES, Spinal arteries 
 — r. Bulb, see Medulla oblongata— r. Canal, 
 Vertebral canal. 
 
 RACHIOPHYMA, Rachiphyma. 
 
.CHIPHYMA 
 
 795 
 
 RADIALIS 
 
 RACHIPHY'MA or Rhackiphy'ma, Rachio- 
 phymu, Tumon Dorsi, from 'fst/is, ' the spine,' 
 and <)>u,«B, ' a tumour.' A tumour on the spine 
 or on the back. 
 
 EACHIS, Vertebral column. 
 
 ViKCB/l%h.GKK,Rhach'isagra,Uhaek'iagra, 
 Rhack'eagra, Rhach'idagra, Rhachi'tis spina'- 
 lis, from 'fa;fic, 'the spine,' and aygaj 'a sei- 
 zure.' A gouty or rheumatic affection of the 
 spine. 
 
 RACHIT^, RhaohitjE. 
 
 RACHI'TIS, Rhachi'tis, from 'ja;^!?, 'the 
 spine,' and itis,a. suffix denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of th^ spine. Also, Cyrto'sis 
 Ra'chia, Cyrton'osus, Morbus Ang'licns, Os- 
 teomala'eia hifan'tum. Tabes pectarea; lunutri- 
 t,io ossiuTn, Spina nodo'sa, Rachitis' mus, the .ETfc- 
 glish disease. Rickets; from 'gaj^/?, ' the spine.' 
 (F.) Rachitisme, Nouure. A' disease charac- 
 terized by crookedness of the long bohes;swell- 
 ing of their extremities; crooked spine; promi- 
 nent abdomen ; large head ; and often precocity' 
 of intellect. It is accompanied by leanness, 
 general debility, indigestion; and frequently 
 induces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs, 
 particularly, during the first years of existence, 
 in weakly children, born of rickety or scrofu- 
 lous parents ; brought up in damp or confined 
 situations; who are badly nourished, and do 
 not take sufficient exercise. The progress and 
 termination of the disease are very variable. 
 Some children gradually recover their health : 
 others become more and more deformed,, and 
 ultimately die of consumpition, dropsy, or other 
 organic disease. The treatment is almost 
 wholly hygienic. Pure air ; a healthy situation.; 
 nourishing diet; exercise; sea or common cold 
 bathing, and tonics, afford the best prospect of 
 success. " . - 
 
 Rachitis Adultoeum, JVTollities ossium. 
 
 RACHITISMB, Rachitis. , 
 
 RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'sis, Raio'sis, from 
 'pa^^soi, or 'pizsui, ' I wrinkle.' A relaxation of 
 the scrotum. Propto'ma seu lax'itas Scroti, 
 Scrotum pen'dulum. An excoriation of the re- 
 laxed scrotum. — Dictionaries. ' 
 
 RACINE J BECQXJET, Geranium moscha- 
 tum — r.de'Bengal,C3SSTimara.a,T^r.de Charcis, 
 Dorstenia contrayerva — r.de Draclce, Dorstenia 
 contrayerva — r. des Philippines, Dorstenia con- 
 trayerva^r. de Safran, Curcuma longa — r. de 
 Saint Esprit, Angelic^ — r. Salivaire, Anthemis 
 pyrethrum — r. de Turbeth, Convolvulus turpe- 
 thum. 
 
 RACmkS DV CERVELET,CovpoT!iies- 
 tiformia. 
 
 RACLURES SES BOYATJX, Ramenta 
 intestinorum. 
 
 RACORNISSEMENT (V.),{Tom se racor- 
 nir, ' to shrivel in the fire as leather does.' Cor- 
 idfication. A- physical property, possessed by 
 animal substances, which consists in a kind of 
 contractility, accompanied with sudden corru- 
 gation and c urling. It is prpduced by heat, and 
 by chemical agents, especially by the strong 
 mineral acids. 
 
 RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura 
 aloes composita. 
 
 RADESYGE, Radzyge. 
 
 RADEZYGE, Radzyge. ,. 
 
 RA'DIAL, Radia'lis, from radius, a bone of 
 the forearm. That which relates to the radius. 
 
 RADIAL ANTiRIEUR, Palmaris magnus. 
 
 Radial Aktery, A. extern'a, Cit'biti. It 
 arises, from the brachial, at the upper and an- 
 terior part of the forearm ; descends on the outer 
 side as far as the lower part of the radius, and 
 proceeds downwards and backwards towards 
 the superior extremity of the space which se- 
 parates the first two metacarpal bones. It then 
 buries itself in the palm of the hand, vphere it 
 forms the profound or radial palmar arch. The 
 radial artery gives off the recurrent radial, seve- 
 Talradio-muscular branches, the transverse pal- 
 mar radio-carpal artery, the external superficial 
 artery of the palm of the hand, the external dor- 
 sal of. the thumb, the dorsalis carpi, dorsal in- 
 terosseous artery of the index, ifc. 
 
 RADIAL EXTERNE PREMfER, see Ra- 
 dialis — r. Externe second, see Radialis — r. 
 Grand, see Radialis. 
 
 Radihl Nerve, Radio-digital {Ch.), Spiral 
 Nerve, Spiral muscular N., Musculo-spiral 
 ne'rye-, arises from the four inferior branches of 
 the brachial plexus. It is, at first, situate be- 
 Jiind the other ner^ves of the plexus. It then 
 becomes engaged between the three portions of 
 the triceps brachi&lis, passes behind the hume- 
 rus, and descends, between the supinator longus 
 and brachialis internus, as far as opposite the 
 upper extremity of the radius. In its course it 
 gives ' numerous filaments to the triceps-, supi-'- 
 nator longus, extensor carpi radialis longior, 
 and to the integuments. Opposite the upper 
 extremity of the radius it divides into two 
 branches; — the one posterior, which turns back- 
 wards into the substance of the supinator brevis, 
 and when it has reached the space between the 
 two layers of muscles on the posterior surface 
 of the forearm, divides into a great member of 
 filaments, which ate distributed to those mus- 
 cles, and to the integuipents^ of the hand. The 
 other branch is anterior: it descends before the 
 supinator brevis and the radius ; until, near the 
 inferior third, of that bone, it engages itself be- 
 tween the tendons of the supinator longus and 
 extensor carpi radialis"longior ; and, becoming 
 afterwards subcutaneous, divides into two 
 branches, whose filaments are distributed to the 
 integuments of the thumb, index, middle finger, 
 to the outside of the ring finger, and to the first 
 interosseous muscle- of the back of the hand. 
 
 RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis. 
 
 Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the same 
 course as the radial artery. 
 
 RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR, Ex- 
 ten' sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, Radialis secun- 
 dus, (F.) Second radial externe. Petit radial, 
 i-picondylo-sus-metacarpien, (Ch.) An exten- 
 sor muscle of the wrist, situate^ beneath the 
 extensor carpi radialis longior. - It is attached, 
 above, to the external tuberosity of the hume- 
 rus, and terminates below, by a long tendon, 
 inserted into the posterior part of the upper 
 extremity of the third bone of the metacarpus. 
 It has the same uses as the next muscle. 
 
 Radia'lis Exter'kus Lon'gioe, Extensor 
 Carpi Radiallis Lon'gior, Radialis 'externus 
 •primus, (F.) Premier radial externe. Grand ra- 
 dial,IIumero sus-metacarpien,{(ya..) It is seated 
 at the outer part of the forearm ; is thin, but 
 thicker on the outside than on the inside. It is 
 attached, above, to the inferior part of the outer 
 edge, and to the corresponding tuberosity, of 
 the humerus ; and terminates, below, by a long 
 tendon, which is attached to the superior ex- 
 
RADIATED 
 
 726 
 
 RAISINItRE 
 
 tremity of the second bone of the metacarpus. 
 It extends the hand on the forearm. 
 
 RadIalis fixTERNxis Brevior, ,see Eadi&lis — 
 r. Exterrius primus, see Radialis^r. Extensor 
 longioTj see Radialis — r. Internus, Palmaris 
 magnus — r. Secundus, see Radialis. - 
 
 RAD'IATEDj R^ia'tus, from radius^ ' a 
 ray ;' (F.). Rayonne. That which is arranged 
 in rays ; in lines, diverging from a common cen- 
 tre. An epithet given to several ligaments, 
 &c., as to those which unite the ribs to the 
 sternum ; those which unite the tibia and fibula 
 at their inferior extremity, &c. 
 
 RADICAL, Radiea'lis, from radix,' a root. ' 
 A radical cure, cura-radieaHis , is one in which 
 the disease is destroyed, as it were, from the 
 root. It is used in opposition to palliative cure. 
 
 Radical Moisture, Humiduri radicale. 
 
 Radical Vessels, Vas'cular Rad'icles, (F.) 
 Radicules vasculaires, are the small vessels 
 that take their origin in the tissues, and ,hy 
 their union form larger vessels. 
 
 RADICES OSSIS H'JOIDEI, Cornua ossis 
 hyoidei. - ' , 
 
 RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a root,' 
 and secare, ' to cut.' • One employed in collect- 
 ing and preparing plants was formerly so called. 
 
 RADICULA, Rapbanus horljenSis. 
 
 RADICULES VASCULAIRES, Radical 
 vessels. 
 
 ^ADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes. 
 
 Radii Tkontis. The' folds or wrinkles of 
 the forehead. 
 
 RADIO-CARPAL, Radio-carpia'nus. That 
 which relates to the radius and carpus. 
 
 Radio -Carpal Articulation is the wrist 
 joint; or articulation of the os scaphbides, os 
 semilunare, and os cuneifbrme 9f the carpus 
 with the inferior surface of the radius, and the 
 fibro-cartilage, situate ' below the ulna. It is 
 strengthened by lateral, anterior, and posterior 
 ligaments. 
 
 Radio-Carpal Transverse Palmar Asite- 
 ry, (F.) Ariire Radio-carpiertne-transversale- 
 palmaire. A transverse branch, given off by 
 the radial arteryj opposite the lower edge of 
 the pronator quadratus, which sends several 
 branches to the anterior or palmar surface of 
 the carpus. . 
 
 RADIO-CTJTAN& (NERP,) see Cutaneous 
 — r. Phalangettien dii pouce. Flexor longus pol- 
 licis manus. 
 
 RADIOLUS, Sound. 
 
 RADIO-MU S'CUL AR, Radio-muscula'ris. 
 A name given to the branches sent' off from the 
 radial artery to the muscles of the forearm in 
 the first jjart of its course ; as well as to the 
 nervous filaments which the radial nerve sends 
 to the same muscles. 
 
 RADIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RADISH, Raphanus hortensis— r. Water, 
 Nasturtium amphibium. 
 
 RADIUS, 'a spoke:'— so called from its 
 shape. Cercis, Foc"ile- mimts sen superius, 
 Canna minor, Os adcuhiidli, Additamen' turn 
 ulncB,Manu'briurn.manus,Parafe'chyon,Artm'- 
 do hra'chii -minor, (F.) Os dti Rayon. A long, 
 prismatic bone, the upper and lesser extrehiity 
 of which is called the head. This is supported 
 by a cervix or neck. At the part where the 
 neck is confounded with the body of the bone 
 is the tubercle or bicipital tuberosity or eminence 
 for the insertion of the biceps. The radius is 
 
 articulated, above, with the os humeri and with 
 the lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna: below, 
 with the scaphbides, semilunare, and the head 
 of the ulna. Its inferior extremity, which is 
 larger than the superior, is flattened before and 
 behind : is irregularly quadrilateral ; and has, 
 below, a double facette to be articulated with 
 the first two bones of the.carpus. On the outer 
 side is the styloid process ; and, on the inneri 
 a concave facette, which joins the ulna. Be- 
 hind, are grooves for the passage of the exten- 
 sor tendons. The radius is developed frdm 
 three points of ossification; one for the body, 
 "and one for each extremity. -- 
 
 RADIUS, COL DU, Collum radii. 
 
 R A'DIX, Rhiza. A root : also, the male or- 
 gan. ■ ■ ' , 
 
 Radix, Root or faiig of a tooth is the part 
 contained in the alveolus. The radix or root 
 of the nail is the portion hidden under the skin, 
 &c. Surgeons give the name to the prolonga- 
 tions, sent by scirrhous^ cancerous, or other 
 tumours into the neighbouring parts. 
 
 Five Aperie?it Roots,^ Quinque radi'ces ape- 
 rien'tes, were, of old, — asparagus, butchers' 
 broom, fennel, parsley, and smallage. 
 
 Five Lesser Aperient Roots, Quinque radi'ces 
 aperien'tes mino'res, — were caper, dandelion, 
 eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow. - — 
 
 Radix BraziliensIs, Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis, The base of 
 the heart. 
 
 Radix Ihdica Lopeziana, Lopez radix— r. 
 Linguae, see Tongue — r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix 
 — r. Ninsi, Slum ninsi — r. Rubra, Rubia — r. 
 Serpentura, see Ophiorrhiza mungos — r. Un- 
 guis, Nail, root of — r. Ventrisy Umbilicus. 
 - RADULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RADZYGE, Radzygin, Radesyge,Radezyge, 
 Thae/ria, properly T)cena,ixora&r\Qiav, ('sAzoc,) 
 ' a malignant ulcer.' Lepra boreal lis sen Norve- 
 gica, Norwe'gian Lep'rosy. A name given, in 
 Norway, taa disease, bearing considerable ana- 
 logy to the yaws. Some have esteemed it a 
 species of lepra or elephantiasis. 
 
 Another form — the Spedalske, or Spedalsi- 
 hed — of Norway, appears to be a variety of ele- 
 phantiasis Graecorum. 
 
 RAGE, Ira, Furor Irevis, Orgl, Thymos, 
 (F.) Colire. Violent pafesion, characterized by 
 contraction of the muscles of the face, violence 
 in every movement, extreme irritation of the 
 nervous system, acceleration of the blood's mo- 
 tion, and redness and swelling of the face. 
 
 Rage, Rhage. 
 
 RAGE, Hydrophobia. 
 
 RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior. 
 
 RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobaea. ' 
 
 RAIDEUR C AD AVdRIQUE, B-igoxtnoitis. 
 
 RAIFOR t, Raphanus hortensis — r.'Sauvage, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RAINBOW-WORM, Herpes iris. 
 
 RAINURE, Groove — r. Digastrique, Mas- 
 toid groove. 
 
 RAISIN, see Vitis vinifera — r. d'Amerique, 
 Phytolacca decandra — r. de Bois, Vaccinium 
 myrtillus — r. d'Ours, Arbutus uva ursi — r. de 
 Renard, Paris. 
 
 RAISINlkRE (F.) A name given to a 
 small granular, brownish or blackish tumour, 
 which forms occasionally at the surface of the 
 cornea, in consequence of ulcers or accidental 
 wounds of that membrane : — Nysten. 
 
RAISINS 
 
 727 
 
 RAPHANEDON 
 
 RAISINS, Uv* passEEj see Vitis vinifera — r. 
 de Corinthe, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
 
 RAISON, Reason. 
 
 RAICASIRA. An American balsam; of a 
 brownish or brownish-red colour ; semi-trans- 
 parent; brittle; softening and becoming- tena- 
 cious by heat ; inodoTous when cold, but ex- 
 haling a yery agreeable smell when heated; 
 and possessing a balsamic and slightly bitter 
 taBte. The precise vegetable that furnishes it 
 is not known. It has been used chiefly as a 
 balsam in gonorrhcea and urinary affections. 
 
 RAKIA, see Spirit. 
 
 RAKOSIS, Rachosis. 
 
 rAlE, Rattle — r. Bronckique sec, see Rattle 
 — r. Bronckique kuviide, see Rattle — r. Cavern- 
 6Ma>, Gurgling — r.Creps«a«t,3ee Crepitation, and 
 Rattle — r. Muqueux, see Rattle — r. Ronjlant, 
 see Rattle — r. 'Sibilant, see Rattle — r. Sonore, 
 see Rattle — r. Sotcs-cripitant, see Rattle. 
 
 KAMEAU, Ramus. 
 
 RAMEN'TA INTESTINO'RUM, (F.) S.a- 
 clures des Boijaux. The shreds or scrapings, 
 as it were, of the mucous niembrane of the bow- 
 els, often discharged in malignant dysentery. 
 The evacuatioii in which these are contained 
 has been termed Drackore^'ma xysmato'des, 
 
 RAMENTDM, Fragment, Scobs. 
 
 RAMEX, Hernia — r. Varicosus, Varicocele. 
 
 RAMlFICA'TION.iJaOTJ/Sca'^io.fromramzw, 
 ' a branch,' and fio, ' to become.' A division 
 of arteries, veinsj^ or nerves into teanches. 
 Also, a branch itself. 
 
 RAMILLE, Raftiusculus. 
 
 RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities— r. du 
 Cerveau, Mollities cerebri^?-, da Caur, Car- 
 diomalacia^r. de I'Estomac, Gastromalacia — 
 r. du Foie, Hepatomalacia— ^r. Gris, see Hepa- 
 tization — r. dela Moelle epiniere, Mollities me- 
 duUae spinalis — r. Rouge, see Hepatization — r. 
 de I'hitestin, Entero-malacia — r. des Os, Mol- 
 lities ossium. 
 
 RAMPANT, (F.) ramper, 'to climb.' Re- 
 pens, Reptans. Xhat which creeps or drags on 
 the earth. The French Bandage 7'am.pant has 
 the folds arranged spirally around' the part, 
 leaving intervals between them. It is a reten- 
 tive bandage, but is easily displaced, and, there- 
 fore, not employed.* 
 
 RAMPES DU LIMACON, Scalae of the 
 cochlea. 
 
 RAMPHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RAMtLUS, Ramusculus. 
 
 RAMUN€ULUS, Ramusculus. ' 
 
 RAMUS, Clados, a branck, (F.) Rameau. A 
 division of an artery, vein, or nerve. Also, the 
 male organ. 
 
 Ramus Durior Septimje Conjucationis, 
 Facial nerve. 
 
 RAMDS'CULUS,- Ram'ul us, Ramicn' cuius, 
 Sur'etdus, Cladis'cos, diminutive of ramus. A 
 division of a ramus. (F.)Ramusciile,Ramille, 
 
 RANA ESCULEN'TA, (F.) Grenouilk.. 
 This frog and the bull frog, Rana TauH'na — 
 are eaten as a delicacy. They are nutritious 
 and easily digested. 
 
 Rana, Ranula. 
 
 RANCE, Rancid. 
 
 RANCID, Ran'cidus, Sapros, (F.) Ranee, 
 from rancere, ' to be stale.' An epithet given 
 to fatty bodies, which have become acrid from 
 age or the contact ol aif . Mild ointments may, 
 thus, become very irritating, and unfit for the 
 
 pairposes for which they were originally in- 
 tended. 
 
 RANINE, Rani'na; from Rana, 'a frog.' 
 The termination of the lingual artery is so 
 called; that is, the portion of the artery which 
 advances horizontally between the genib-glos- 
 sus and lingualis muscles as far as the point of 
 the tongue. The ranine vein follows the same 
 course as the artery, and operis into the inter- 
 nal jugular or into the superior thyroid. 
 
 RAN'ULA, from Rana, ' a frog,' so called 
 from its resemblance.; Dyspka'gia Ranula, Em- 
 phrag'ma saliva'ri, Fj-og Tongue, Ba'trackos, 
 Batra'ckiu'm,Hydroglos'sa,IIypoglossis,Hypo- 
 glossum, Hypoglot'tis, Hypoglos'sium, Rana, 
 (F.) Grenouillette. A small, soft, fluctuating 
 and sdmi-transparenttumour,whichforms under 
 the tongue;, owing to the accumulation of saliva 
 in Wharton's duct. In order to give exit to the 
 accumulateifluid, and to establish a permanent 
 opening for the discharge of the saliva, the cyst 
 may be punctured, and the opening maintained 
 by a minute. cylinder, with a button at each ex- 
 tremity, as has been recommended by Dupuy- 
 tren; or a portion of the cyst may be removed 
 by the scissors, and the mouth be frequently 
 washed by any astringent lotion. Sometimes, 
 the salivary duct is found plugged by a small 
 calculus. 
 
 Rabula Lapidea, see Calculi, salivary. 
 
 RANUN'CULFS, (F.) Renoncule. Family 
 RanunculacetE. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygy- 
 nia. A genus of plants, most of the species of 
 whicii, when taken internally, act as acrid poi'- 
 sons. See Poison. They are, also, acrid and 
 vesicant, when applied to the skin, and have, 
 accordingly, been often used as counter-irri- 
 tants.' The following species answer to this 
 description. ' 
 
 Ranunculus Aboetivus. 
 
 Ranunculus Acris, R. praten'sis, Upright 
 Meadow Crowfoot, Butter Cups, Yellow-weed, 
 Blister-weed, Filewort, Burwort, M&adow- 
 hloom. Yellows, (F.) Bputon d'or'. 
 
 Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa; 
 
 Ranunculus Bulbo'sus, R. praten'sis, Ra- 
 mmculus (Ph. U. S.), Bulbous-rooted Crow- 
 foot, (F.) Renoncule bulheuse, Bassinet. --■ 
 
 Ranunculus Fica'rIa, Chelido'nium minus, 
 Scrophula'ria minor, Fica'ria ranunculol'des, 
 Chelido'nia roty,ndifo' lia minor, Cur'suma hce- 
 morrhoida'Hs herba, Ranunculus vermis ^ -^go- 
 le'thron. Lesser celandine, Pileioort, (F.) Petite 
 ckelidoine. Petite Aclaire, Ficaire. The leaves 
 and root have been used medicinally :^the 
 leaves as an antiscorbutic ; the root as a cata- 
 plasm in piles. 
 
 Ranunculus 'Flam'mula, Surrec'ta alba, 
 Smaller Water Crowfoot, Lesser Spearwort, 
 (F.) Petite Douve. 
 
 RanuniSulus Illtricos. 
 
 Ranunculus Lingua. ~ 
 
 Ranunculus Palustris, R. sceleratus — r. 
 Pratensis, R. bulbosus. 
 
 .Ranunculus Sceleka'tus, R. Palus'tris, 
 Risus A'pium, Marsh Crowfoot. 
 
 Ranunculus Vernus, R. flcaria — r. Virgini- 
 anus. Lobelia syphilitica. 
 
 RAPA NAPUS, Brassica rapa — r. Rotundaj 
 Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum. 
 
 RAPHANE'DON, from pu(()arif, 'a radish,' 
 ' like a radish.' Rhajihanedon, A transverse 
 
RAPHANIA 
 
 728 
 
 RATTLE 
 
 fracture of a lotig bone, leaving no splinters. 
 What has been called, in France, Fracture en 
 rave. 
 
 RAPHA'NIA, Convui'sio Rapharda, Rha- 
 pha'nia) Morb'ics spasfnofl'icus 'malig'nus sen 
 popula'risj M, SilesiacuSy Eclamp'siatypko'deSj 
 Sync'lonus Raphania, Linnaeus gave tKis 
 name to a convujsive disease, not uncommon in 
 Germany and Sweden, and which has been at- 
 tributed to the seeds of the Raph'anus Rapha- 
 nis'trum being mixed with the corn. The con- 
 vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended 
 with acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis. 
 
 Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra. 
 
 RAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAPHANUS, R. hortensis. 
 
 Raeh'ahds Horten'sis, Raph,'an,is, Rhaph'- 
 anus, Raphanus, R. sati'vus, R. niger^ Radic'- 
 ultij Rhaphys, Rhapys, Rhaps. The Radish^ 
 (F.) Raifort, Radis, ' Family, Cruciferae, 
 Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The root 
 of this plant is a common esculent. It has, 
 also, been given as a' diuretic in calculous affec- 
 tions. The juice, made into a syrup, is exhibit- 
 ed to relieve hoarseness. Radishes have long 
 been celebrated as anti-scorbutics. 
 
 JRaphanus Maeinus, Cochlearia armoracia — 
 r. Kaphanistrum, see Raphania — r. Rusticanus, 
 Cochlearia armoracia. 
 
 RAPHE, Rhaphi, ' a suture.' A name given 
 to prominent lines resembling a raised stitch. 
 Such is the raphe or tramis which divides the 
 scrotum into two parts, and which extends 
 from the anterior part of the anus to the ex- 
 tremity pf the penis. The name Raphe or Li- 
 nea media'na, is, also, given to two prominent 
 lines which are longitudinal and parallel, and 
 are seen at the upper surface of the corpus cal- 
 losum, extending from the anterior to the pos- 
 terior extremity of that commissure. 
 
 RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 RAPHIANKTS'TRON, from go^iov, 'a nee- 
 dle,' and a5,xiirTPo», 'a hook.' An instrument 
 employed in the formation of artificial pjipil. 
 
 RAPHIOW, Needle. 
 
 RAPHIS, Needle. 
 
 RAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAPPORT (F.), Rela'tio, Renuncia'tio. A 
 deposition made by a physician or surgeon to 
 prove the condition of a person, the nature of a 
 disease, the existence or non-existence of preg- 
 nancy, sudden or violent death, &c. Formerly, 
 there were the Rapports dendnciatifs, made at 
 the desire of the injured or their friends, and 
 intended to point out to the judges the details 
 of the crime or misdemeanor, — the Rapports 
 provisoires, the object of which was to obtain 
 provisions for the injured individual, both as 
 regarded food and medicine, and to defray the 
 expenses of prosecution; — and Rapports mixtes, 
 or those which were both dinoncialifs and pro- 
 visoires. At present, reports or depositions are 
 generally divided into judiciary, or those which 
 serve to throw light on the subject matter of 
 any civil or criminal cause; and administra- 
 tive,, which afford information on subjects re- 
 lating to any branch of the public adminis- 
 tration, as on the nuisance or o'therwise of cer- 
 tain establishments, the character of any epi- 
 demic. &c. 
 
 RAPPORT, Eructation. 
 
 RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opistho- 
 tonos. 
 
 RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAPURE, Rasura. 
 
 RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RAQUETTE, Cactus opuntia. 
 
 RAREFA'CIENS, Rarifa'ciens, Arceot'icus, 
 {F.) Rarefiant, from rarus, ' rare,' and facere, 
 ' to make.' Medicines were so termed, which 
 were supposed to be possessed of the power ef 
 giving more bulk or extension to the blood or 
 other humours. 
 
 RAR&FIAlfT, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens. 
 
 RA'RITAS, (F.) Rarete. Rarity; scanti- 
 ness; fewness. 
 
 Raeitas Dentium; a large space between 
 the teeth, which appear to be, ^nd may be, too few. 
 
 RASCATIO, Excreation.. 
 
 RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus— r. Pedis, 
 Tarsus. ' 
 
 RASCHA, Carpus,' Malleolus. 
 
 RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASH FEVER, ScaHatina— r. Nettle,' Urti- 
 caria — r. Rose, Roseola — r.. Summer, Lichen 
 tropicus — r. Tooth, Strophulus, 
 
 RASOIR, Razor. 
 
 RAS'ORISM. The Italian medical doctrine of 
 controstimulus. of which Rasori was the founder. 
 
 RASORIUM, Raspatorium. 
 
 RASPATO'RIUMi Raso'rium, Rat'ula, 
 Scalprum raso'rium.. Xyster, Xyste'rium, Xys- 
 trum, Rad'ula, Runci'na, Runcin'ula, Scal- 
 prum, (F.) Rwgine, Grattoir. An instrument 
 used for rasping bones, to detach the perios- 
 teum, — either in certain surgical operations, or 
 for anatomical purposes. 
 
 RASPBERRY, Rubus idsus— r. Ground, Hy- 
 drastis Canadensis. 
 
 RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus. 
 
 RASTETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
 
 RASU'RA, Xysma, Xysmos, (F.) Rdpure, 
 from radere, rasum, ' to scrape.' A rasure, or 
 scratch, or erosion. Also, the rasping or 
 shaving of any substance; as Rasu'ra Cornu 
 Cervi, Hartshorn shavings. 
 
 Rasura, Scobs. 
 
 RATAFI'A. A liquor prepared by impart- 
 ing to ardent spirits the flavour of various 
 kinds of fruits, adding sugar. 
 
 RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia— r. of the 
 Antilles, Krameria ixipa; 
 
 iJ^r£„ Spleen. 
 
 RAT/iLEUX, Spleneticus. 
 
 RAT£LIER, see Dentier. 
 
 RATIO, Rationa'litas, from rear, ratus, ' to 
 think.' A reason, a cause, an explanation, a 
 mode or manner; as Ratio symptom' atum, an 
 explanation of the symptoms, — Ratio meden'- 
 di. Genus curatio'nis. Via curandi; the mode 
 or manner of cure. 
 
 Ratio, Reason — r. Medendi, see Ratio — r. 
 Symptomatum, see Ratio. 
 
 RAT"IONAL, Rationa'lis. That which is 
 conformable to reason. This epithet is often 
 opposed to empirical; as rational treatm.ent. 
 The French also, say Signes rationales, in op- 
 position to Sig/tes sensibles. 
 
 RATIONALITAS, Ratio. 
 
 RATSBANE, Arsenious acid. 
 
 RATTLE, Rhonchus, Rhevchus, Rhenxis, 
 from (D.) Rat el; Rhoncns, Cerchnus, Rhog 
 mos, (F.) Rale. Noise produced by the air in 
 passing through mucus, of which the lunga are 
 
.RALE CREPITANT 
 
 729 
 
 RECLINATION 
 
 unaljle to free themselves. This condition is 
 '.hiefly observed at the approach of death; and 
 IS commonly called, " the rattles." 
 
 The term JKaie has heen given to diffeient 
 sounds during respiratiop, caused by the air 
 passing through fluid contained in the bronchi, 
 or areola of the pulmonary tissue ; which are 
 perceived by the stethoscope. 
 
 rAlE CRi.FITANT, Rhonehu) crep'itans, 
 see Crepitation. 
 
 rAlE MUQUEUX, Rkon'chus mtlm'sus. 
 Mucous Rattle, Suberep'itant rhonchus. Rale 
 sous-cripitant, R. hronchique hwndie. The 
 sound produced by the passage of *ir through 
 mucus accumulated in the bronchi or trachea, 
 or through softened tubercular matter. This 
 rale occurs in catarrh, and in softened tubercle. 
 When carried to a very high degree it consti- 
 tutes ^«r^K«g-, (F.) Gargouillement. 
 
 rAE SIBII4ANT, Rhon'chus sib'ilaus, 
 Sih'ilant Rattle. A slight, though prolonged 
 whistling sound, occurring either at the com- 
 mencement of inspiration, or of expiration, 
 owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid, 
 but not abundant, which obstructs, more or 
 less completely, the smaller bronchial ramifica- 
 tions. It is seated in the small tubes, and oc- 
 curs in the first stage of bronchitis. 
 
 RALE SONORE, Rale broncldq,ue sec, R. 
 ronfiant, Rkonckus soTio^rus, Sono'rous Rattle. 
 A sound resembling at times the snoring, (F.) 
 Ronfferaent, of a person ,»sleep, at others the 
 sound of the bass string of an instrument when 
 rubbed with the finger, and not unfrpquently the 
 cooing (F.) (Roucotdemevt) of a dove. It seems 
 to be caused by a contraction of the bronchial 
 tubes, and is characteristic of chronic catarj-h. 
 
 rAlE V£SICULdIRE, see Crepitation., 
 
 RASH, Exanthem — r. Lichenous, Lichen — 
 I . Tooth, Strophulus. 
 
 RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctorja. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE, CrotaluS horridus— r. 
 Leaf, Goodyera pubescens-— r. Root, Polygala 
 senega, Trillium latifollum. 
 
 RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Liatris sca- 
 riosa, &c. 
 
 RATTLEWEEDj Actraa racemosa. 
 
 RATULAi Raspatorium. 
 
 RAUCE'DO, Rau'citas, Pampho'nia rauea, 
 Aiper'itas Arte'ritz as'perse,Vox rauca, Br/m- 
 chus, hoarseness, (F.) Er&ovuement, Rauciti. 
 A change in the voice, which loses its smooth- 
 ness and becomes low and obscure. It is a 
 common symptom in diseases of the larynx 
 and trachea. 
 
 Raucedo Catakeha'lis. Hoarseness from 
 cold. 
 
 RAUCITAS, Raucedo. 
 
 RAVGITi, Raucedo. 
 
 RAUCOUS, iJaacM*. Hoarse; as a raucous 
 voice — Vox rauca seu raucis'ona. 
 
 RAVE, Brassica rapa. 
 
 RAYONNA, Radiated. 
 
 RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 RAZOR, Culter Tonsor'ius,Machcs'ris,No- 
 tac'lila, Xyrtim, Xyrus, (F.) Rasoir, from 
 radere, rasiim, ' to shave.' An instrument for 
 shaving. Used in surgery to remove hairs, 
 where they would interfere with any operation. 
 
 REACTION, Reac'tio, from re, ' again,' and 
 agere, actum, ' to act.' An action of resistance 
 to a power applied. A species of vital move- 
 47 
 
 ment or excitement, tending to prevent or de» 
 stroV the effects of any noxious power applied 
 to the animal economy, and which, by some, 
 has been attributed to the vis medicatria: natw- 
 rcB, It is certainly dependent oh the organic 
 instinctive actions of the frame. It is the state 
 of activity which succeeds the action on the 
 nervous system of certain morbific influences. 
 
 RE^AL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada,, Arladar, Au- 
 ripi^men'ttim ruhrum, Arsen'icum rubrumfac- 
 ti"t%um, Abessi, Sandara' cha Grseeo'rum, Red 
 Sulpkuret of Mercury. A violent poison. 
 See Poison. 
 
 REASON, iJoj'tio, Logos, (7.) Raison. Same 
 etymon as Ratio. The faculty or property of 
 the mind, by means of which tuan perceives the 
 distinction betw^eh right and wrong, in physics 
 as y^ell as in morals. JSearara is a just conclusion 
 resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by 
 virtue of which we form a judgment. 
 
 REBOLEA, Mummy. 
 REBONA, Mummy. 
 
 REBOUTEUR, Renoueur. , 
 
 RECEPTACULA DUR^ MATrIs, Si- 
 nuses of the dura mater. 
 
 RECEPTAC'ULUM CHYLI, ' receptacle of 
 the chyle ;' R. FecqueVi seu Pecquetia'num, 
 Diverso'rium Chyli, Stagniim chyli, Sae'culus 
 chy'lifer seii ro'rifer, Saccus lac'teus, Al'veus 
 ampullo'sus seu ampufles'cens, Utric'ulus lac- 
 teus, Vesic'ula chyli,, Ampul'la chylifera . seu 
 chyli, Cister'na lumba'ris, C- Chyli, Chylqcys'- 
 tis, CJiylodochi'um, Lat'ices lactei. Lumbar 
 cistern., ^^servoir of Pecquet, (F.) Reservoir 
 du chyle, R. de Pecquet, Citerne lombaire. A 
 ccinsiderable dilatation of ,the thoracic duct, in 
 front of the lumber region of the yerteljral 
 column. It is the commencement of the duct. 
 Re.ceptao'vlum Cotun'nii. a triangular 
 space, formed by 3 separation of the two 
 laminae of the dura mater of the internal jear, 
 near the middle 'of the posterior surface of 
 the pars.petrosa of the temporal bone,, where 
 the aquseductus vestibuli terminates. It is al- 
 ways filled with the, Fluid of Cotug^o. 
 
 Reoeptaoultjm Pecquj^iti, R. Chyli — r. Sellae 
 equinoB Jateribus appositum. Cavernous simis. 
 
 RECEPTIVITY, Receptiv'itas, (F.)Recep- 
 tivite, from reeipere, receptum, ' to receive.' A 
 vyord used by Tissot to express the suscepti- 
 bility of certain organs to receive morbific imr 
 pressions. 
 
 RECEPTUM, Prescription. 
 
 RECESSIO, Paroxysm. 
 
 RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus — r. Sulciformis, 
 see Fovea vestibuli. 
 
 RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca. 
 
 RECHUTE, see Relapse. 
 
 RECIDIVA MORBI, Relapse. 
 
 RACIDIVE, see Relapse. 
 
 R.EC"IPE, <L.) {re, and capere, 'to take.') 
 A Latin word -v^chich signifies ' take,' (F.) Pre- 
 nez, and with which prescriptions are com- 
 menced. It is^ often, represented by R, 5,, and 
 was formerly by T2 , the symbol of Jove. See 
 Abbreviation. 
 
 RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS OF, 
 see Sound. 
 
 RECLINATIO, Reclination— r. Palpebra- 
 rum, Ectropion. 
 
 RECLINA'TION, Reelina'tio, from recUnare 
 {re and clinare, ' to hend,') ' to bend back.' a' 
 mode of operating for the cataract, which con- 
 
RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM 
 
 730 
 
 RECTUS A BDOMINIS 
 
 sists in applying the needle in a certain manner 
 to the anterior surface of the cataract and de- 
 pressing it into the vitreous humour, in suoh a 
 way, that the front surface, of the cataract is the 
 upper one and its back surface the lower one. 
 ■RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM, Levator 
 palpebrfE superioris. 
 
 RECOMPOSITION; Metasynchrisis. 
 
 RECONVALESCENTI'A, Convalescence. 
 
 RECORDATIO, Memory. . 
 
 RECORD ATUS, Memory. 
 
 RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritic. 
 ^ RECREATIO, Restauratio. 
 
 REC'REMENT, Recremen'tum, from «, and 
 cerntre, cretmhy ' to sift.' A humour, which, 
 after having been separated from the- blood, is 
 again returned to it; such as thesaliya, the se- 
 cretion of serous membranes, &c. Such fluid 
 is said to be recrementitial, (F.) Reerementeax, 
 Reerementitiel, ' 
 
 RECREMENTA VESICA, Urine. 
 
 RECREMEN'TO-EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
 Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, 
 ■&e., which are in partreabsorbed and in part 
 excreted. 
 
 RECREMENTUM, Recrement. 
 
 RECRUDESCEN'TIA, Palinedte'sis,lleeru- 
 des'eence, from' re, ' again,' and crudus, ' raw.' 
 An increase of a disease after a temporary re- 
 mission. 
 
 RECTIFICA'TION, Rsctifica'tio, from rec- 
 tum facere, ' to make, right.' An operation by 
 ■\vhie,h certain liquids are purified by distilling 
 them either singly or after admixture with 
 other substances. 
 
 RECTI'TIS. A hybrid word, from rectum 
 and itis, denoting inflainmation ; properly ar- 
 chitis, or proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum. 
 Proctitis^ TroctaVgia infiamm>tiio'ria. 
 
 RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RECTO-VAG"INAL,iSec«o-«)fligireo'/ij. That 
 which relates or belongs to 'the rectum or va- 
 gina. 
 
 RECTo-VACiNAt FisTutA is owiug to a pre- 
 ternatural communication between the rectuni 
 and vagina, through the above septum. 
 
 Recto-vaginal Septum, (F..) Cloison recto- 
 vaginale, is formed by the junction — back to 
 back — (or by what the French term adossement) 
 of the rectum and vagina. It separates these 
 two canals from each other. , 
 
 RECTUM; so called from a notion that it is 
 straight. It is not so. Intesti'nwm Rectum, 
 Apeuthys'meTws, Euthy_en'teron, Lo7Vgaon,Lon- 
 gas, Loiiganon, Arr.hos, Cys'saros, Prince-ps, • 
 Monoco'lon (?), The third ^nd last portion of 
 the great intestine. It forms the continuation 
 of the sigmoid flexure of the colon, occupies 
 the posterior part of the. pelvis, and extends 
 from the left side of the sacro-vertebral articu- 
 lation to the coccyx, before which it opens out- 
 wards by the orifice called the anus. It is 
 cylindrical, but saccated, as it were, at its infe- 
 rior portion, where it is consequently larger, 
 and is attached to'' the sacrum by the mesorec- 
 tum. Like the other portions of the canal it 
 is formed of thr£e membranes. Towards the 
 lower extremity, some parallel and longitudinal 
 wrinkles are observable on its inner surface : 
 these are the Columns, Colum'na car'nex of the 
 Rectum or of Morgagni, (F.) Colo7ines du rec- 
 tum on de Morgagni. They are merely folds 
 of the mucous membrane, between which is a 
 
 number of Lacunae. Tlje arteries of the rectum 
 are numerous. They proceed from the inferior 
 mesenteric, hypogastric, and internal pudic, and 
 are called hemorrhoidal. The veins open, partly 
 into the hypogastric vein, partly into the infe- 
 rior rnesenteric. The nerves proceed from the 
 sciatic and' hypogastric plexuses. The rectum 
 ireceives the faecal matters, as they pass from 
 the colon, which serves as a reservoir. 
 
 RECTUS ABDOMINIS, (F.) PuUo-stemal, 
 SternO'pubien, (Ch.) Droit de Vahdomen. A 
 long flat muscle, situate at the anterior part 
 of the abdomen, and separated from that of the 
 opposite side by the linea alba. It is attached, 
 aboye,,to the- cartilages of the last three true 
 ribs ; and, below, to thie pubisby a very strong 
 tendon, the outer edge of which is continuous 
 with the. fascia transversalis. This muscle is 
 enclosed in an aponeurotic sheath; and, in its 
 course, has three or four transverse aponeuro- 
 tic intersections. It bends the chest on the 
 pelvis, and conversely. 
 
 Rectus Anterior Brevis, Rectus capitis in- 
 ternus minor — r. Anterior longuS, R. capitis 
 internus major — r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c. 
 iuternus major. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Iuternus Major, R. inter- 
 nus ffiajor, R. anterior longus, Rectvs coppitis 
 anti' ens longus, (F.) Trachilo-basilaire, Grand 
 droit anterieur de la the. This muscle is long 
 in proportion to its breadth ; flat, and broader 
 above than below. It is situate at the anterior 
 and lateral part of the neck, and arises from the 
 transverse processes of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 
 6th cervical vertebra. It is inserted into the 
 basilary process of the occipital bone. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Internus Minor, R. inter- 
 nes minor, Ren'uens, An'n-uens, R. anterior 
 brevis, (F.) Petit trachilo-basilaire. Petit droit 
 anterieur de la the. This is situate deeper 
 than the last.' It is thin, flattened, irregularly 
 quadrilateral, and passes from the anterior sur- 
 face of the bpdy of the first vertebra, near the 
 origin of the transverse process, to be inserted 
 into the basilary process. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Latera'lis, R. lateralis 
 FaXlo'pii, Transversa'lis anti'cus primus. Rec- 
 tus lateralis, (F.) Trachelo-atloldo-hasilaire, 
 Atloldo-sous-occipital (Ch.), Droit lateral de 
 la tite. There is a muscle of this name on each 
 side of the head. It is flat, quadrilateral, and 
 passes from the transverse process of the atlas 
 to the occiput, behind the jugular fossa. It in- 
 clines the head to one side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Major, R. Major, 
 R. Capitis posti'cus minor (Atbinus,) Spini- 
 axoido-ocdpilalis, (F.) Axo'ido-oecipi,tale {Ch.) 
 Grand droit posterieur de la tiie. A flat, tri- 
 angular muscle situate at the posterior and su- 
 perior part of the necjc. It extends from the 
 spinous process of the second cervical vertebra 
 to the external surface of the lower semicircu- 
 lar ridge of the occipital bone. This muscle 
 extends the head ; inclines it to one side ; and 
 causes it to experience a rotary motion,' which 
 directs the face to its side. 
 
 Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Minor, R. Minor, 
 (F.) Tuber-atlo'ido-occipital, Atloido-occipital 
 (Ch.), Petit droit posterieur de la the.' A flat, 
 triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, 
 which passes from the posterior arch of the 
 atlas to the occipital bone. It extends the 
 head. 
 
RECUBITORIUM 
 
 731 
 
 REFRIGERANTS 
 
 Rectus Cafitis Posticds MiNOit, R. c. p. 
 major — r. Cruris, R. femoris. 
 
 Rectus Extermtjs Oouli, Abductor ocuU, In- 
 dignabun'dusj iTidignato'riuS) Iracun'dus, Oc'- 
 tUum movens secundti^, OrHto-extus-seUroti- 
 eien. All the recti muscles of the eye, four in 
 numher, arise from the bottom of the orhit, and 
 are inserted into the scleroti? coat of the eye. 
 The Rectus exttrnus, (F.) Droit extsrne. Iras- 
 cible ou Abducteur, is divided, at its posterior 
 extrenaity, into two portions, one of which is 
 attached to the outer part of the foramen opti- 
 cum', and the other to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Rectus Femoris, Rectus sive Grad'ilis ante- 
 rior. Rectus cruris, (F.) Ilio-rotulien, Droit 
 antirieur de la cuisse. A straight muscle seated 
 at the anterior part of the thigh. It extends 
 from the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium 
 and the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This 
 muscle extends the leg upon the thigh, and con- 
 versely. It can, also, bend the thigh upon the 
 pelvis or carry the pelvis forward. 
 
 Rectus Infeeiob. Oouli, Depres'sor oculi, 
 Tim'idus, Dep'rimens, Hu'milis, Oc'ulum mo- 
 vens quartus, (F.) Solis-optico-sph^o-scleroti- 
 cien, Droit inf6rieur ou abaisseur d^Voeil, Mus- 
 cle humble, arises below the optic foramen, from 
 the sphenoid bone. It depresses the eye; - 
 
 Rectus Internus Oouli, Addu'pens oculi, 
 Bibito'rius, Oculi adductor, Ocuht/m. movens 
 primus, (F.) Orbito-intus-scleroticien, Droit 
 interne de Pail ou adducteur ou buveur. It 
 arises from the sphenoid at the inferior part of 
 the foramen opticum. It turns the eye towards 
 th« nose. 
 
 Rectus Superior Oouli, Attol'lens oculi, At- 
 tol lens oc'ulum. Levator oculi, Superbils, Ele- 
 va'tor oculi, Oeulum movens tertius, (F.) Sus- 
 optico-spheno-scleroticien,Droit superieur onkH- 
 vateur de I'ccil, Dedaigneur,As attached to the 
 circumference of the foramen opticum. 
 
 (All the recti mpscles are concerned' in the 
 Voluntary motions of the eye. The oblique 
 muscles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to 
 execute the involuntary. [?] ) 
 
 Rectus Interior Femoris, Gracilis — r. In- 
 ternus major, R. capitis internus major — r. In- 
 ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La- 
 teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallo- 
 pii, R. c. lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posti- 
 cus major — r. Minor, R. capitis posticus-minor. 
 RECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium. 
 RECUR'RENT,2Je(;KrV«»j; from recurrere, 
 (re, and currere,) ' to run back.' A name given 
 to several arterial and nervous branches, which 
 seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the 
 trunk whence they emanate. 
 
 Recurrent Arteries. This name has been 
 given to several arteries of the forearm, and to 
 one of the leg. In the forearm, there are 1 . 
 The Radial recurrent, Artere recurrente de Pejn- 
 condyle, (Ch.) which arises from the superior 
 part of the radial, and ascends between the su- 
 pinator longus, s. brevis, and the brachialis in- 
 ternus. . 2. The antenor cubital recurrent, A, 
 lecurrente de I'ipitrochlie, (Ch.) which arises 
 from the upper and inner part of the cubital, 
 and ascends between the pronator teres and 
 brachialis internus. 3. The posterior cubital 
 recurrent, which arises from the preceding ar- 
 tery, or from the cubital itself, and ascends be- 
 tween the olecranon and internal tuberosity of 
 the humerus. 4 . The posterior raSiiil recurretU, 
 
 A, recurrente olicranienne, ( Ch. ) It arises 
 from the posterior interosseous, and ascends be- 
 tween the posterior cubital and anconeus mus- 
 cles. In the leg, — the Arteria r'ecurrens tibia'- 
 lis, A, recurrente du genou (Ch.) is furnished 
 by the anterior tibial, and ascends to the tibia- 
 lis anticus muscle. 
 
 Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo- 
 lutions of the bandages, which make a kind of 
 cap for the part — as the head — to which they 
 are applied. 
 RECURVATIO, see Hump. 
 RECUTITDS, Apella. 
 REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius. 
 REDBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi, Gaultheria, 
 Panax quinquefolium — r. Bitter, Cornus Florida 
 — r. Swamp, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
 REDIMICULUliI, Dia'dema. 
 REDINGO TES ANGLAISES, see Condom- 
 REDINTEGRATIO, Regeneration, Restau- 
 ratio. 
 
 REDIVIA, Paronychia. 
 RiDONDANGE, Plethora. 
 RED TIB LEMENT, Exacerbation, Pa- 
 roxysm. 
 
 RED ROOT, Celastrus, Sanguinaria Cana- _ 
 densis. -, 
 
 REDS, Menses. 
 REDUCTIO, Taxis. , ■ 
 REDUCTION, Reduc'tio, Repoaifi^, Resti- 
 tu'tio, Diap'ldsiSi Didplas'.mus, Syntaic'is, from 
 re, and ducere, duetum, 'to lead.' A surgical 
 operation, the object of which is to restore dis- 
 placed parts to their original situation. Thus, 
 we say the reduction of a luxation, when the 
 displaced parts are again brought to their pro- 
 per relative situation. The reduction of a her- 
 nia is the restoration of the protruded parts to 
 the cavity of the abdomen. This is, also, cabled 
 
 REDUNDANTIA, Plethora. . 
 
 REDUVIA, Paronychia. 
 
 REFECTIO, Restauratio. 
 
 REFECTIVA, Anal'eptica. 
 
 REFECTUS, Restauratio. 
 
 REFICIENTIA, Analeptica. 
 
 REFLECTION, Duplicature. 
 
 REFLEX SYSTEM, OF NERVES, see 
 Nerves. 
 
 REFLEXIO PALPEBRARUM, Ectropion. 
 
 REFRACTION, Refrac'tio, Photoeamp'sis, 
 Dia'elasis, from re, zadfrango, ' I break.' The- 
 change of direction which rays of light expe- 
 rience when they pass obliquely from one me- 
 diunj into another of different density. If the 
 light passes from a rarer to a denser medium, 
 it approaches the perpendicular raised at the 
 point of immersion. The contrary occurs, 
 when it goes from a denser to a rarer medium. 
 The theory of lenses, telescopes, and of the eye, 
 rests entirely on this property of light. 
 
 R^FRAICHISSANTS, Refrigerants. 
 
 REFRIG"ERANTS, Refrigeran'tia, Psych'- 
 tica,Antither'ma, Frigefacien'tia, (Y ,) Refrai- 
 ehissans, Refrigeratifs, from re, and frigere, 
 ' to cool.' Medicines which depress the morbid 
 temperature of the body. The chief reputed re- 
 frigerants are the Potassae Nitras,(?) the Sodae 
 Boras, (?) but chiefly the abstraction of caloric 
 by ice and iced drinks, cold water, cold lemon- 
 ades, soda water, and effervescing draiighti 
 internally; and externally cool air, cold water, 
 evaporating lotions and frigorific mixtures. 
 
rMfrigeratifs 
 
 733 
 
 REMITTENT 
 
 R^FRJGBRATIFS; Refrigerants. 
 
 REGENERATIO, Reproduction. 
 
 REGENERA'TIUN, Regenera'tio, Pdlinge- 
 ne'sia, Redintegra'tio, frbmre, Md generare, 'to 
 beget.' Reproduction of a part of the body, 
 which has been destroyed. 
 
 REG"IMEN, from reg^re, ' to govern.' The 
 rational and methodical use of food, and pf 
 every thing essential to life; both in a state of 
 health and disease. It is often restricted, in its 
 meaning, to DUt. It is sometimes used sy- 
 nonymously with hygiene. 
 
 REGINA PRATI, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 REGIO, Region. - 
 
 Reoio Aukiculaeis. The region of the ear. 
 
 Regio Bwcca'lis. The region of the cheeks. 
 
 Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region. 
 
 Regio Cervica'lis. The region of the neck. 
 The cervical region. 
 
 Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium. 
 
 Regio Facia'lis. The facial region. 
 
 Regio Frontalis. The frontal region. 
 
 Regiq Gasteioa, Umbilical region — r. Hy- 
 pogastrica, see Hypogastrium^ — r. Hypoehon- 
 driaca, Hypochondre — r. Iliaca, Iliac region 
 — r. Inguinalis, Inguinal regibn-^r. Ischiadica, 
 Ischiadic region — r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. 
 Lumbalis, Lumbi — r. Mentalis, Mental region 
 — r. Mesogastrica, Umbilical regiori^r. Nasa- 
 lis. Nasal region — ^r. Nuchse, Nuchal region — 
 r. Nuchalis, Nuchal region — r. Occipitalis, 
 Occii)nt — r. Occipitalis inferior. Nuchal region 
 — r. Perinaeij Perinaeum— r. Prascordiaca, Prse- 
 cordial region — i. Pubis, Pubic region — r. Sto- 
 machalis. Epigastric region— ^r. Stomachlca, 
 Epigastric region — r. Temporalis, Temple — 
 J . Umbilicalis, Umbilical region. 
 
 IRE'GION, Re'0io. Same etymon. Anato- 
 mists have called regions, determinate spaces 
 on the surface of the body or of different organs. 
 Thus, the abdomen has been divide4 into seve- 
 ral ; to which different names have been given. 
 See Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, 
 Hypogastrium. 
 
 R£GION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region. 
 
 REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
 
 RkGLES, Menses — r. Deviies, Menstruation, 
 vicarious — r, Difficiles, Dysmenorrhcea. 
 
 R&GLISSE, Glycyrrhiza. 
 
 RE6LUTINATIO, Decollement. 
 
 RiGNE ANIMAL, see Animal. 
 
 REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimoninm. 
 
 REGURGITA'TION, Regitrgita'tio. The 
 act by which a canal or reservoir frees itself, 
 without effort, from substances accumulated in 
 it. - Usually, it is applied to the fuHng or •pos- 
 seting of infants ; arid to the rising of solids, or 
 fluids into the mouth in the adjilt, — from r«, and 
 gorge, ' the throat.' What is called " vomiting 
 at pleasure " is regurgitation. 
 
 The substances brought into the mouth byre- 
 gurgitation, the French call Renvois. 
 
 REIN, Kidney. 
 
 RETNE DES PRkS, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 REINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, 
 F. Cunea'tus. A band of fibres from the cor- 
 pus innominatum, or lateral part of the antero- 
 lateral column of the medulla, which is conti- 
 nued up behind and around the corpus olivare, 
 is lined on its inner or central surface with ci- 
 neritious substance, enlarges as it ascends, 
 passes over the upper surface of the pons Va- 
 rolii, and is expanded into the optic thalamus. 
 
 It thus forms, in its course, the ■anterior paries 
 of the fourth ventricle, and is brought into view 
 by brushing away the .tulerculum dnereum or 
 gray matter of the ventricle. The band has 
 received these names oWitig to its constantly 
 increasing' as it ascends, and being mixed up 
 with gray matter oh' its inner face, from which 
 it seems to derive new fibresi 
 
 REJEC'TIO, Anago'ge, from re, and jacefe, 
 ' to cast.' Every excretion by the mouth ; spit- 
 ting, expectoration, regurgitation or vomiting. 
 
 Rejectio San&winis e Pulmonibus, Haemop- 
 tysis. 
 
 RELAcHEMENT, Relaxation. 
 
 'KE'LK?SE,,Hypot'TqpS, Epis'trophe, Hyfios'- 
 traphe, Morbi recidi'va, Hypotropitis'mms, from 
 «, 'again,' and foior, 'I fall down.' The re- 
 turn of a disease, during, or shortly after, con- 
 valescence. The French use Rechute in this 
 sense j and Recidive, {DTorbus reddi'vus,') for 
 the return of a complaint, at a greater or less 
 period after the complete restoration of health. 
 
 RELATIO, Rapport. 
 
 RELATION,FUNCTIONSOF,seeFunction. 
 
 RELAX'ANT, Luxans, Malact'icum, Oka- 
 las' tieum, Pafet'ieum, (F.) Reldchant; from re, 
 and laxare, ' to loose.' A medicine which di- 
 minishes the tension of organs. Mucilaginous 
 and fatty substancigs are relaxants. 
 
 RELAXANTIA, Emollients. 
 
 RELAXATIO CORpiS ET ARTERIA- 
 RUM, Diastole. • 
 
 " RELAXA'TION, Relaxdtio. Same etymon. 
 Chala'sis, Chalas'mos, (F.) Reldchement. In 
 Physiology, relaxation ife opposed to contrac- 
 tion. In Pathology, it means great looseness 
 of a part. ' 
 
 RELEVBUR BE L'ANUS, Levator ani 
 — r. de la Livre inferieure. Levator labii infe- 
 rioris — r. du Menton, Levator labii inferioris — 
 r. de I'Omoplate, Levator scapulae — r. de Id 
 Prostate, Levator prostatae — r. de I'Urithre, 
 Levator urethrae. 
 
 RELIQUAT, (F.) The remnant or remains 
 of a disease. 
 
 REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak. 
 
 REMANSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhcea. 
 
 REMbDE, Clyster, Medicament — r. du Ca- 
 puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — r. du Due 
 d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici. 
 
 REMEDIAL, Medicinal. 
 
 REMEDIATE, Medicinal. 
 
 REMEDIUM, Juvans, Medicament — ^r. Den- 
 tifricium. Dentifrice. 
 
 REMEDY, Medicament— r. English, Cin- 
 chona. 
 
 REMISSIO, Decline, Remission — r. Cordis 
 et Artefiarum, Diastole — r. Morbi, Remission 
 — r. Virium, Atony. 
 
 REMIS'SION,Kemt«'«io, Epan'esis, An'esis, 
 Submis'sio,Aph'esis,En'dosis,Remis'sio,Meio'- 
 sis, from remittere, (re, and mittere, ' to send,') 
 ' to relax.' In a more extensive signification, 
 a temporary diminution of the symptoms of a 
 disease, either acute or chronic, Remis'sio 
 morbi. Diminution in the febrile symptoms, 
 such as occurs in a remittent fever, between 
 the exacerbations. 
 
 REMITTENS ICTERODES,Fever, yellow. 
 
 REMIT'TENT, Remit'tens. Same etymon. 
 Any disease which presents remissions. 
 
 Remittent op Children, Fever, infantile 
 remittent. 
 
REMORA 
 
 733 
 
 REPRODUCTION 
 
 RiMiTTENT Feveb, Fehris remit'tens, Epan'- 
 etus, Exac"erlatmg, paroxysmal, suh-eontinual, 
 endem'ie, endem'ial or endem'icat fever, (F.) 
 Pihre remittente, is one which strikingly ex- 
 acerbates and remits, but without intermission. 
 The ordinary bilious fever of the United States 
 is a simple remittent — Epanetus mitis, (F.) 
 Fievre rimittente simple. 
 
 REM'ORA, from remora'H, (re, and mora, 
 'delay,') 'to arrest.' The name of two surgical 
 instruments, intended to retain parts to situ. 
 The one was used, formerly, in castration, to 
 prevent the intestines from protruding at the 
 inguinal ring; the .other, called Remora Hil- 
 da'ni, (F.) Arrh d'Hildan, Echene'is, tx»ii'S, 
 was employed to maintain fractures and luxa- 
 tions reduced. It is not now used. 
 
 Remora Akatki, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 REN, Kidney. 
 
 RENAL, Rena'lis,iTom. Ren, 'the, kidney.- 
 That which relates to the kidney. 
 
 Renal Akteeies, £mWg'e»t Arteries, are 
 very large and short, and commonly two' in 
 i)umber; — one to each kidney. They arise from 
 the sides of the aidominal aorta, forming with 
 it a right angle. The left is commonly a 
 little more anterior and elevated than the 
 right. After a short'course, they arrive at the 
 fissure of the kidney, where they divide, before 
 entering it, into three or four very considerable 
 branches. 
 
 Renal Capsuije, Capsule, Venal. 
 
 Renal Plex'tises, Emul'gent Plexuses 
 These are two : — one on each side. They pro- 
 ceed from fasciculi of the solar and cceliac 
 plexuses ; from the outer part of the Semilunar 
 ganglion and the final expansion of the small 
 splanchnic nerves. These plexuses begin by 
 three or four ganglions, situate at the com- 
 mencement of the renal artery ; and they give 
 off from their circumference many fine, stiraight 
 filaments, which do not anastomose, and which 
 enter the kidney with the divisions of the renal 
 artery. These divisions they accompany. 
 
 Renal Veins, Emulgent' Veins. These 
 are very large. Their roots follow the same 
 course as the arteries in the substance of the 
 kidney. In the fissure or pelvic portion of the 
 kidney, they unite into a single trunk, which 
 passes transverSely-inwards, aiid opens at the 
 side of the vena cava descendens. 
 
 RENCHUS,, Snoring, Stertor. , 
 
 REN'C ULUS, Renic'ulus, Ren'ulus, diminu- 
 tive of Ren, ' a kidney.' A small kidney. A 
 lobe of the kidney. 
 
 RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, re- 
 nal. 
 
 RENICULUS, Reneulus. 
 
 RENIFORM, Nephroid. 
 
 RENNES; MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
 mal salines in the department of Aube, France, 
 containing carbonic acid and chloride of mag- 
 nesium. Temperature 103° to 1'21°, of Fahr. 
 
 RENNET, BM?!»ei,from (G.) g e r i n n e n, ' to 
 coagulate.' (?) When the, fourth stomach or 
 
 Ahomasus, of the calf is salted and dried, it pes-' 
 sesses the property of coagulating milk, when 
 a portion of it is soaked in water, and' the in- 
 fusion is added to milk. 
 
 RENONCULE, Ranunculusr^r. Bulbeuse, 
 Ranunculus bulbosus. 
 
 RENOUME, Polygonum aviculare. 
 
 RENOUEUR, (F.) Rebouteur, Rhabilleur. 
 A hone-doctor: — a bone-setter. One who makes a 
 trade of reducing fractures and dislocations. 
 
 RENOVATIO, Ananeosis. 
 
 RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
 
 RENULUS, Rencnlus.. ' 
 
 RENUM ATONiA, Nephratdnia— r. Paraly- 
 sis, Nephratonia. 
 
 RENUNCIATiO, Rapport. 
 
 RENVERSEMEN-T DE LA LANGTJE, 
 Paraglossa— >-.,(ie la Mafncje, Uterus, inversion 
 of the — r. des Paupiires, Ectropionr-.?-. du Red- 
 turn, Proctocele — r. dela Vessie, Exocyste, Ex- 
 strophia of the bladder. 
 
 RENVOJS, see Regurgitation. 
 
 REPANDATIO, Lordosis. 
 
 REPELLENTIA, .Repellents. 
 
 REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia, ReperfuHen'- 
 tia, Apocrus'tiea, (F.) Repereu^sifs, from re, 
 and pdleH, ' to drive.' ' Medicines which, when' 
 applied to a. tumefted part, cause the fluids, that 
 render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from it. 
 Astringents, cold water, ice, &c.,are repellents. 
 
 iS^P£KC?TSSZFS, Repellents. 
 
 REPERCUSSib, Contra-fissura, Repercus- 
 sion. 
 
 R'EP'E^C\JS'S10N,Repercus'sio,Anac'lasisi 
 from re, per, and quatere, 'to shake or batter.' 
 Disappearance of a tumour or cutaneouseruption, 
 in consequence of the application of a repellent. 
 The action of a repellent remedy. ,The French 
 writers use the term Delitescence, Delitescen'tia, 
 for the sudden disappearance of a tumour, inflam- 
 mation, eruptive disease, or purulent collection, 
 without the disease occurring in any other part 
 of the body : in this respect delitescence differs 
 from mejtastasis. ! Delitescence of an inflajnma- 
 tion or ' sudden disappearance ' is distinguished 
 by certain French pathdlogistsfrom Resolution. 
 Repercussion also means Ballottement. 
 . REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents. 
 
 REPLETIO, Fulness, -Plethora. 
 
 REPLI LONGITUDINAL DE LA M£- 
 NINGE, Falx cerebri. 
 
 REFOSITIO, Anaplasia, Reduction, Taxis. 
 
 REPOUSSOIR, Punch— r. d'Arkes, Pro- 
 bang. 
 
 REPRODUCTION, Reproduc'tio, Regenera'- 
 tio, from re, and produeere, (pro, and dticere.~) 
 The function by which living bodies produce 
 bodies similar to themselves. See Generation, 
 As a general remark, it wilLbe found true, that 
 the larger animals are uniparous ; and the 
 smaller, which are more exposed to destruction, 
 multiparous. The matnmalia being of the same 
 natural class as man, it may be useful to com- 
 pare thera.in this rpspect. 
 
REPRODUCTION 734 RES 
 
 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA. 
 
 Species. 
 
 Primates. ' 
 
 Man, 
 
 Monkeys, (large) 
 
 Do. .Clongl^ailed,]* 
 
 Camivora. ■ 
 
 Bear,....,. .^ 
 
 Badger,... 
 
 Hedgehog,. * 
 
 Ferret, 
 
 OUer,.f 
 
 PoLe^cat. 
 
 Marten, ... 
 
 Weasel 
 
 Ermine, 
 
 Didelph'us,. 
 
 Opossuln,^ 
 
 Philander, 
 
 Lion,, 
 
 Tiger ) 
 
 Leopard,.. ( 
 
 Lynx, 
 
 Wildcat, 
 
 VV^olf... 
 
 Dog in the most natural 7 
 
 Btafte, 5 
 
 Fox,... 
 
 Jackall,. 
 
 Isatis, ■ ■ 
 
 Phoca, ' 
 
 ;l,andr "" 
 e,....) 
 -us,.... J 
 
 n,^ and V . 
 
 3r ) 
 
 Rodentia. 
 
 Squirrel, 
 
 Flying Squirrel,.. 
 
 Ondatra, 
 
 Beaver, 
 
 Hare, 
 
 Rabbit, 
 
 Rat,... 
 
 Mouse, 
 
 Marmot,. 
 
 Guinea Pig, 
 
 Dormouse, 
 
 Edentata. 
 Armadilla........ 
 
 Ruminantia. 
 
 Camel, 
 
 Dromedary, 
 
 Buffalo, 
 
 Beef, ,....*.... 
 
 Lama,. • • . 
 
 Reindeer, 
 
 Buck and Doe, 
 
 Roebuck, 
 
 Saiga (Antelope,).. 
 
 Chamois and Wild Gpat, 
 
 Goat,...l... 
 
 Musimon, ... * 
 
 Sheep, 
 
 Horse,. 
 
 Ass,... 
 Zebi^ai. 
 
 Solipedes. 
 
 Pac^dermata. 
 
 Hog,...: , 
 
 Elephant, 
 
 Rhinoceros,.., 
 
 Hippopotamus, 
 
 Morge, , 
 
 Age capable of en- 
 genjdering. 
 
 14 years 
 3 years 
 2^ years ' 
 
 S years 
 
 lyear 
 11 months 
 
 before 1 yeai; 
 
 9 years 
 Do. 
 
 before I year 
 2 years 
 
 10 mouths ' 
 
 1 year 
 
 1 year. 
 
 lyear 
 6 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 5 to 6 weeks. 
 1 y^ar - 
 
 4 vears 
 
 bo. 
 3^ years 
 2 years 
 - 3 years 
 2 years 
 ]i year 
 
 Do. 
 1 year 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 U year 
 1 year 
 
 3^ years 
 -Do. 
 Do. 
 
 9 months or 1 year 
 
 I^ yearsC?) 
 
 5yearsu'') 
 
 Duration of gesta- 
 tion. 
 
 9 niontha 
 7 months 
 6 mouths 
 
 113 days 
 
 1 mo. and 10 day^ 
 „Do. 
 3 months , 
 
 56 days 
 
 3 to 4 months 
 
 3 months 
 
 9 weeks 
 56. days 
 73 days ' 
 
 63 days 
 
 3 months 
 
 Do. 
 63 days ' 
 3 monttis(?) 
 
 45 days 
 
 30 days 
 
 Do. 
 
 5 or 6 weeks 
 
 1 n^outh 
 
 6 weeks 
 
 3 weeks 
 
 11 months or 1 y'r 
 
 Do. 
 
 9 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 8 months 
 
 Do. 
 5 months 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 990 days 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 4 months 
 9 to II months 
 
 9 months 
 
 Number of young at 
 each birth. 
 
 Period of cessation of thej 
 function. 
 
 1 to 3 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 ''\ 
 
 I to 4 
 3 to 4 
 3ta5 
 5 to 9 twice a year 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 6 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 5 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 4 to 6 
 Sto9 
 
 3 to 6 
 
 Do. 
 
 5ta8 . 
 6 to 7 
 3' to 3 
 
 3 to 4 twice a year 
 3 to 4 
 
 3 to 5 
 
 2 to 3 
 
 I 2 to 4 several t 
 I times a year ( 
 
 4 to 8 do. 
 
 5 to 6 do. 
 Do. 
 
 3 to 4 
 
 5 to 8 times a year 
 3to5 
 
 4 times ayear 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 lto2 
 -"Do. 
 1 
 lto2 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 1, 2, and 3 
 Db.- 
 lto2 
 Do. 
 
 I to 2 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 la to 20 
 
 l'or2.. 
 lor3(?) 
 
 1 
 
 At a somewhat advanced 
 age. 
 
 25 to 30 years.' 
 20 to 25 years. 
 
 Produces during life^ 
 
 8 to 10 years. 
 
 10 years. (?) 
 
 20 to 25 years. 
 Do. 
 
 9 years. 
 15 to 20 years. 
 
 15 years. 
 
 10 or 12 years. 
 
 Produces during life. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Lives 6 years. 
 
 Lives 8 years. 
 
 Lives 8 or 9 years. 
 
 Produces during life. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Do. 
 
 7 to 8 years. (?) 
 
 40 to 50 years. 
 Do. 
 
 15 to 18 years. 
 9 years. 
 
 12 years. 
 Lives 16 years. 
 Lives 25 or 30 years. 
 Lives 12 or 15 years. 
 Lives 15 or 20 years. 
 Lives 18 or 20 years. 
 
 7 years. 
 
 8 or 10 years. 
 8 years. 
 
 25 or 30 years. 
 Do. 
 Do. 
 
 , 15 years. 
 Lives 70 years. (?) 
 Lives 60 years. (?) 
 
 REPULSORIUM, Punch. 
 
 REPURGA"TI0, Anaeathar' sis, flora re.,a.Tid 
 purgare,' to cleanse.' According to Castelli — 
 purgation by transpiration or by expectoration. 
 Medicines producing this effect are called Re- 
 purgan'tia* ' 
 
 REQUIES, Acinesia. 
 
 REQUIETIO, Acinesia. 
 
 RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM. 'Things 
 against nature,' (F.) Chases contre-nature, are 
 
 those things which tend to destroy man; — as 
 disease, and every thing connected with it. 
 
 Res Culinaria, Culinary art — r. Medica, 
 Medi-cina. 
 
 Res NATTrKA'LES, (F.) Chases naturelles. 
 Those things, which,' by their union, were con- 
 ceived to constitute the nature of man; such 
 as the elements, temperaments, humours, spirits, 
 &c. 
 
 Res Non Natura'les, (F.) Chases nan-natu- 
 
ROSEAU 
 
 735 RESPIRATION BRONCHIQUE 
 
 relies. Those things whichj anciently, formed 
 the matter of hygiene. See Non-naturals., 
 
 Res VehereAj Coition — r, Vestiaria,, Vesti- 
 tus. ' ' 
 
 RiSEAXI, Rete — r. Admirable, Rete mira- 
 hile — r. Merveithux, Rete mirabile. 
 
 RESECTIO, Resection— r. Articulorum, 
 see Resection. 
 
 RESECTION, Resee'tio, from reseeare, (re, 
 arid secare,) ' to cut off.' A name, given, es- 
 pecially by the French surgeons, to c^erations 
 in which the carious extremities of long hones, 
 or the unconsolidated extremities of fractured 
 bones forming irregular joints, are removed 
 with the saw — Resectio articulo'rum, Decapi- 
 ta%io articulo' rwm, 
 
 RESECTION, see Amputation. 
 
 RESE'DA LUTE'OLA, Weld, Dyer's Weed. 
 A European plant naturalized in the United 
 States, which was at one time used as a diapho- 
 retic and diuretic. 
 
 RESERANS, Aperient.- 
 
 RESERVOIR DE LA SIZE, Gall-blad- 
 der^r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli— r.- des 
 Lurmes, Lachrymal sac — r. ofPecquet, Recep- 
 taculum chyli — r. de Pecquet, Receptaculum 
 chyli. 
 
 RESIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 
 RESIMUS, Camus. 
 
 RESIN, Resi'na, Rketi'nl. A vegetable 
 product, commonly dry and concrete, more or 
 less brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, in- 
 sipid, or of an acrid warm taste;, of a smooth, 
 glassy fracture, heavier than water, inflamma- 
 ble, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, 
 and yolk of an egg, and negatively electrifiable 
 by friction. Many resins are used in medicine ; 
 the greater part are purgative and irritating. 
 Some act like acrid poisons. 
 
 Resinj C ayejsne, Caoutchouc — jr. of the, 
 Spruce fir, see i'inus abies. ^ 
 
 RESINA, Resin — r. Abietis, Pinus Abies— r. 
 Abietis, Pinus picea — r. Abietis humida, Pinus 
 abies— r.Abietissicca, see Pinus abiesr—r. Alba, 
 see Pinus sylvestris — r. Alba humida, see Pi- 
 nus Abies — r. Copal, Copal — r. Elastica, Ca- 
 outchouc — r. Flava, see Pinus sylvestris — r. 
 Fluida, Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea — r. Ju- 
 niperi, Sandarac — r. Laricis, see Pinus larix — 
 r. Lentiscina, see Pistachia lentiscus — r. Li- 
 quida pini balsamese, see Pinus balsamea — r. 
 Liquida pini laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Nigra, 
 Colophonia — r. Pini,' see Pinus sylvestris— r. 
 Pini erapyreumatica liquida, see Piniis sylves- 
 tris — r. Pini abietis sponte concreta, see Pinus 
 abies — r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea, and 
 Pinus mughos — r. Terehinthi, see Pistachia 
 terebinthus. 
 
 RESINA'TUM, Rhetino'torii, gwr/viuTov.- An 
 epithet for wine impregnated with resin, and 
 used by the ancients as a stomachic. 
 
 RESINE DE GO MART, see Bursera gum- 
 mifera — r. de Lierre, see Hedera helix. 
 
 RESINOCE'RUM, Rhetinoee'ron, from 511- 
 Ti¥», ' resin,' and xtQos, 'wax.' A mixture of 
 resin and wax.— Galen. 
 
 RESOLUTIO, Resolution— r. Membrornm, 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Resolutio Moebi. The resolution or disap- 
 pearance of a disease ; especially when without 
 any critical evacuation. 
 
 Resolutio Nervorum, Paralysis — r; Ven- 
 
 triculi autopeptica, Gastromalacia — r. Virium, 
 Dialysis. 
 
 RESOLU'TION, Resolu'Ho, Discus'sio, 
 from resolvere, (re and solvere, ' to loosen.') 
 Removal or disappearance, as of a disease. Re- 
 solution is one of the terminations of inflamma- 
 tion, in which'the inflamed, part returns gra- 
 diially, and without suppuration to the healthy 
 coadition. 
 
 RESOLUTION DES MEMBRES, Pa- 
 ralysis. 
 RESOLVENTIA, Discutients. 
 RES'ONANCE, (F.) Retentissement, from 
 re, ' again,' and sond, ' I sound.' ' A return of 
 sound.' A thrilling of the voice more loud 
 than natural ; or its existence in a part where 
 it is not heard in health ; as detected by auscul- 
 tation. A thickened Snd hardened state of the 
 lungs,, caused either by a mass of crude tuber- 
 cles, or by inflammation, is generally considered 
 to produce this phenomenon, by rendering the 
 lunga better conductor of the murmur of the 
 voice in the bronchi. Hence the origin of the 
 term Bronchophony, from |?5o»/oc, ' bronchus,' 
 and <pmTi, 'the voice ;'i(F.), Voix hronchique, 
 Valid tzibaite, V. bourdonnante. 
 Resonance, Vibrations of, see SoUnd. 
 RESONITUS, Contra-fissura. 
 RESORBEN'S, Absorbent. 
 RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption— r. 
 Cutanea, see Absorption — r.~ Cutis, see Ab- 
 sorption. 
 
 RESORP'^riON, Resorp'tio, from resorbere, 
 (re, and sorbere,) ' to absorbagain.' Absorption 
 of a fluid which has been previously deposited 
 in a part by the exhalants : — as of pus, blood, 
 serum, &c. - ' 
 
 RES'PlRABLEjSe^^M-ffi^'A's. Sa.me etymon 
 as Respiration. Any gas which can be breathed 
 without positive danger is so called. 
 RESPIRAMEN, Respiratiom' 
 RESPIRAMENTDM, Respiration. 
 RESPIRATIO, Respiration— r. Abolita, Ap- 
 ncea — r. Brevis, Dyspncea — r. Difl[icilis, Dysp- 
 ncea — r. Stertens, Stertor — r. Stertuosa,^tertDr. 
 RESPIRA'TION, Respira'tio, Anap'nol, 
 from respiro, (re, and ,spiro,) ' I take breath.' 
 Anapneu'sis, Pneul sis spira'tio, Respira'mem, 
 Respir amentum, Respira'tus, Respir'itus, Spir'- 
 itus. A function proper to animals, the object 
 of which is, to place the materials of the blood 
 — the mixture of the venous blood with lymph 
 and chyle — in contact with atmospheric air, in 
 order that it may acquire the vivifying qualities 
 that belong to arterial blood. The organs 
 for executing this function are, in the mam- 
 malia, birds, and reptiles, — the lungs. In man, 
 the respiration consists of mechanical and chy- 
 mical phenomena. The mechanical are Inspi- 
 ration and Expiration. The evident chymical 
 phenomena consist in the formation of a cer- 
 tain quantity of carbonic acid, the absorption 
 of a part of the oxygen of the air, and the 
 disengagement of a quantity of water in the 
 state of vapour. In the healthy'.condition the 
 respiration is easy, gentle, regular, and with- 
 out noise. In man, the respirations are gene^ 
 rally about 35 per minute in the first year of 
 life J 95 during the second'; 20 at puberty; and 
 18 in the adult age. 
 
 RESPIRATIONBRONCSIQTJE, see 
 Murmur, respiratory — r. Exageree, see Puerile 
 — r. Hypervdsiculaire, see Puerile. 
 
RESPIKATOR 
 
 736 
 
 EETIA UTERI 
 
 Respikation, Jeekins, (F.) R. aaeeadee. 
 When the murmur of inspiration, in place of 
 being continuous, is interrupted as by starts, it 
 is called 'jerking.' It is a concomitant of in- 
 cipient pleurisy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, 
 and tuberculosis of the lung with corresponding 
 pleuritic adhesion. — Walsne. ' 
 
 Respikatioh of the Cei^s, Murmur, Respi- 
 ratory — r. Metallic, Tintement metallique — r. 
 Nftlle, 'see Murmur, respiratory — r. Proof, 
 Docimasia pulmonum — r. Puerile, see Puerile — ' 
 r. Rapeuse, see Murmur, respiratory — r. Ritde, 
 see Murmur, respiratory — r. Sileneieuse, see 
 Murmur, respiratory — r. Saccadee, R. jerking 
 — r, Soufflan,te,'M\xxmxxr, respiratory — r. Szip- 
 plementaire, see Puerile — r. Tubal, see Murmur, 
 respiratory. 
 
 RES'PIRATOR, same etymon. Various in- 
 struments have been devised for the purpose of 
 tempering the air before it reaches the lungs in 
 winter. One of the best is that of Jeffrey, which 
 is made of several layers of fine wire tissue. 
 
 RESPIRATORIUM VENTRIS, Diaphragm. 
 
 RESPIRATORinS, Respiratory. 
 
 RES'PIRATORY, Respirato'rius, same ety- 
 mon. Appertaining to respiration. An epithet 
 applied to the itiurmMr heard by auscultation in 
 a healthy adult, during inspiration and expi- 
 ration. It marks the entrance of the air into 
 the cells, and its passage out of them. See 
 Murmur. 
 
 Respiratory Tract, Tractus resjnrato'rius. 
 The middle column of the spinal cnarrow, de- 
 scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the 
 respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves. 
 
 RESPIRA'J'HS, Respiration. 
 
 RESPIRITUS, Respiration. 
 
 RESSERRA, (VENTRE,) Constipation. 
 
 RESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 REST AGNATIC, Eructation. 
 
 REST AURANS, Corroborant. 
 
 RESTAURA'TIO, Refee'ticRefee'tus, Ana- 
 lep'siSf Aiiatrep'sis, AnacoTn'idS, Analte'sis, 
 Anaete'sis,- Apocatas'tasis. Restoration of 
 strength, after disease or great fatigue; Epa- 
 Twrtho'sis, Recrea'tio^ Redintegra'tio, Restau- 
 ra'tio virium. Return of the organs to their 
 normal condition. 
 
 Restauratio Virium, see Restauratio. 
 
 REST HARROW, Ononis spinosa. 
 
 RESTIFORMIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. ' 
 ■ RESTITUTIO, Reduction— r. Organica, Mo- 
 rioplastice — r. Partium deperditarum, Morio- 
 plastice. 
 
 RESTLESSNESS, Agitation. 
 
 RESTORATION, Restauratio. 
 
 RESTORATIVE, Corroborative. . 
 
 RESTRIGTIQ INTESTINI RECTI vel 
 ANI, Stricture of the rectum. 
 
 RESUMPTI'VUS, Resumpto'rius; from re, 
 ' again,' and sumere, ' to take.' Causing to 
 resume. Resiimpti'vimi. Any agent calcu- 
 lated to restore flesh and strength to one who 
 has been reduced. 
 
 RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptivus. 
 
 RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist. 
 
 RESURRECTIONIST, Resurrection-man, 
 Body matcher: from re, and surgere, ' to arise.' 
 An individual who violates the sanctuary of 
 the grave to obtain subjects for dissection. 
 
 RESUSCITATION, liesuscita'tio, from re- 
 auicita're, {re, and suscitare, sursum citare 
 seu ciere,) ' to move up,' ' to stir up anew.' 
 
 Revivifiea'tion. The restoration of persons, 
 apparently dead, to life. See Asphyxia and 
 Suffocatiom 
 
 RETCHING, Vomiturition. 
 
 RETE, Plexus — r. Malpighii, Corpus muco- 
 sum. 
 
 ReTe, Retic'ulum; 'a net;' Diet' y on, (F.) 
 Reseau. A name given to the interlacing and 
 decussation of blood-vessels, lymphatics, fibres, 
 and nerves when they form a kind of network. 
 
 Rete has also been applied to the epiploon. — 
 Castelli. 
 
 Rete Majus, Epiploon, gastro-tfolic. 
 
 Rete Mirab'ii.£, (F.) Reseau admirable, R. 
 merveilleux. A name given to the ramificatiorts 
 and anastomoses of the internal carotid and 
 vertebral arteries at the base of the brain. 
 
 Rete M1RABI1.E vel Rete Vaschlo'sum Mal- 
 pis'hii is the plexus formed onthe cells of the 
 lungs by the minute ramifications of the pulmo- 
 nary artery. ^ 
 
 Rete Mucosum, Corpus fflucosum. 
 
 Rete Vascdlp'sdm -Testis. An irregular 
 plexus or network, formed by the Communica- 
 tion of the Vasa recta at the upper and back 
 part of the testicle. These Vasa recta are sent 
 out at the back part of the testicle, from the 
 copvoluted seminal tubes. The Rete Vasculo- 
 sum testis sends out from twelve to eighteen 
 straight tubes, called Vasa efferentia, which 
 convey the senieh from the testes to the epi- 
 didymis. ' 
 
 RETENTIO, Retention— r. Aerea, Dysp- 
 noea — r. Alvina, Constipation — r. Eilis, Ischo- 
 cholia, 
 
 Retentio Fluxus HiEMoERHoiDALis. Sup- 
 pression of the hEemorrhoidal flux. 
 
 Retemtio Fcetus, Dystocia — r. Lactis, Is- 
 chogalactia — r. Lochiorum, Ischiolbchia — r. 
 Mensium, see Amenorrhoea — r. Spermatis, Is- 
 chospermia — r. Sudoris, Hydroschesis. 
 
 RETJEN'TION, Reten'tio, Apolep'sia, Apo- 
 lep'sis, from retinere, (re, and tenere,) ' to hold 
 back.' Accumulation of a solid or liquid sub- 
 stance, in canals intended for its excretion, or 
 in a reservoir, intended to contain it for a short 
 period. 
 
 Retention of Uiiine ; Paru'ria Retentio'nis 
 vesica'lis, I-schu'ria vesica'lis, Retentio Uri'nce, 
 (F.) Retention d'urine. A disease in which 
 the urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be 
 evacuated ; or, at least, cannot be passed with- 
 out extreme difficulty. In the former case, the 
 retention is said, to be complete; in the latter, 
 incomplete. Many writers have distinguished 
 three degrees of this affection, to which they 
 have given the names Dysury, Strangury, and 
 Ischury. Retention of urine may depend upon' 
 loss of contractility, paralysis of the bladder, 
 &c., or on some obstacle to the passing of the 
 urine, as in cases of pressure of the womb on 
 the bladder, of tumours in its vicinity, foreign 
 bodies in its cavity, inflamipation of the urethra, 
 swelling of the prostate, stricture, &c. The 
 pain is extremely violent, and the bladder 
 may be found distended above the pubis. The 
 treatment consists in introducing the catheter, 
 or puncturing the bladder, and in combating the 
 cause, which has produced the retention, by par- 
 ticular means adapted to each case. 
 
 RETENTISSEMENT,B.esona.nee—r. Au- 
 tophonique, see Autophonia. 
 
 RETIA UTERI, see Uterus. 
 
RETICULAR 
 
 737 
 
 MVASSERIE 
 
 RETICULAR, Re'Hform, Retioula'ris, Ret'- 
 inus, Amphiblestroi'dts, Dyctoi'des, Retifor'- 
 mis, from rete, ' a net.' That which resembles 
 a net. An epithet applied to many structures 
 in the body. 
 
 Reticdlar Stjbstanoe, Cellular tissue. 
 
 RETICULUM : diminutive ofrete, 'a net.' 
 The Bonnet or Honeycomb bag — the second sto- 
 mach of the ruminant animal. See also, Epi- 
 ploon, and Rete. 
 
 Reticulum Cutaneom, Rete mucosum — r. 
 Mucosum, Rete mucosum. 
 
 RETIFORM, Reticular. 
 
 RET'INA, from rete, ' a net :' Tu'nica ret'- 
 ina seu reticvta'ris sen retifoT'mis seu in'tima 
 oc'uli, Involu'r.riMn reti compara'tum, Verricu- 
 la'ris membra'na) Amphiblestroi'des Tnembrana. 
 A soft, pulpy, grayish, semi-transparent, very 
 thin membrane; extending from the optic nerve 
 to the crystalline, embracing the vitreous hU' 
 mour, and lining the choroid j without, however, 
 adhering to either of those parts.' It terminates 
 by a defined edge' — mar go denttttus — at the pbs- 
 terior extremities of the ciliary processes. It 
 is constituted, according to most anatomists, by 
 the expansion of the optic nerve. The retina 
 appears formed of two laminse ; so joined to- 
 gether, that it is almost impossible to separate 
 them. The one — the innermost — is medullary, 
 and pulpy ; the other — the outer — is stronger, 
 and fibro-vascular. The retina is the essential 
 organ of vision ; on it the images of objects are 
 impressed. Both it and the optic nerve are de- 
 void of general sensibility. They may be.punc- 
 tured or lacerated without pain being experi- 
 enced. The nerve of general sensibility distri- 
 buted to the eye is the fifth pair. 
 ' RETINACULA MORGAGJNII, see Fr^na 
 of the valve of Bauhin. 
 
 RET^NAC'ULUM, from retinere, {re, and 
 tenere,) ' to hold back.' A surgical instrument, 
 formerly used in the operation of castratiojj ; 
 and in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines 
 from falling into the scrotum. — Seultet. Reti- 
 nacula are also band-like extensions of a cellu- 
 lo-membranous structure, which seem to sus- 
 pend the ovum in its place. 
 
 Retinaculum, Biide. 
 
 Retinac'ulum Ten'dinum Pekoneo'eum, Va- 
 gi'na malleola'ris extern'a. The ligamentous 
 sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle the 
 tendons of the peroneal muscles.- 
 
 RETINI'TIS, tnflamma'tio Ret'inse,,Ampki- 
 hlestroidi'tis, Dictyi'tis, from retina and itis, a 
 sUfiix denoting inflammation, — a term of hybrid 
 formation. luflammfition of the retina; an un- 
 common affection, except as an accompaniment 
 of other forms of ophthalmia. 
 
 RETINUS, Reticular. 
 
 'KETO'R.T' ,Retor'ta,Batia, Co]tnu, Cornu'ta, 
 Cornes'ta, Cornumusa, (F.) Cornue, from re- 
 lorqueo, {re, and torqueo, tortum,) ' I berid back.' 
 A vessel, commonly of glass or fearthenware, 
 employed in distillatipn. It may be plain, or 
 have a tubulure for admitting substances whilst 
 the distillation is going on. In the latter case, 
 it is said to be " tubulated." 
 
 RETRACTION, Retrac'tio, from retrakere, 
 {re and trahere,) 'to draw back.' State of a 
 part, when drawn towards the centre of the 
 body or backwards ; — as retraction of the tes- 
 ticles. Sometimes it is used synonymously 
 
 with shortening or drawing up, ; as in retrac- 
 tion of the thigh. 
 
 RETRACTION BE LA MATRICE, Re- 
 troversio uteri; 
 
 r!eTRAQTOR ANGULI oris. Buccinator. 
 
 RET'RAHENS AURIS, Peste'rior Amis, 
 Tiicauda'lis, Triceps Auris,Retrahens Aurie'- 
 wlse,R- Auriculam, Secun'dus proprio'riim Au- 
 rie'tilse, Bicaitda'lis, Vep'rimens Auric'ula, Pro- 
 prius Auris extemse, (F.) Mastoido-eonchi- 
 nien, Mastoido-oriculaire (Ch.), Auriculaire 
 posterieur. It consists of one or more small 
 fasciculi or fleshy, thin, somewhat irregular 
 fibres, situated behind the ear. These are 
 attached to the mastoid process, and pass hori- 
 zontally forwards, to terminate at the convexity 
 formed by the concha of the ear. If this muscle 
 had any use, it vi^ould carry the ear backwards. 
 
 RiTRACISSEMENT, Arctati6, Stricture. 
 
 RETKIMENTA VESICA, Uiine. 
 
 RETRIMENTUiyt, Excrement. 
 
 RETROCES'SION, Retroeeslsio, Retrooes'- 
 sus, Retrogres'sus, ftom retrocedere, {retro, 
 'backwards,' and cedere, ' to give place.') The 
 act of going back. A disappearance or metasta- 
 sis bf a tumour, eruption, &g., from the outer part 
 of the body to the inner. 
 
 RETROCESSUS, Retrocession. 
 
 RETROFLEXIO UTERI, Retroversio uteri. 
 . RETROGRESSUS, Retrocession. 
 
 RATROPUL^ION DE LA MATRICE, 
 Retroversio uteri. 
 
 RETROVER'SIO U'TERI, Retroversion of 
 the Uterus, JEdopto'sis XXteri retrover'sa, Retro- 
 fiex'io Uteri, Anapod'isis seu Anapodis'Tn'Us 
 Uteri, (F.) Retroversion; Retraction, Obli'quite 
 ou Retropulsion de la Matrice. A change in 
 the position of the uterus, so that the fundus of' 
 the organ is turned towards the concavity of 
 the sacrum, whilst the neck is directed towards 
 the symphysis pubis. This displacement is 
 commonly attended with, constipation, tenes- 
 mus, and retention of urine. Its usual period 
 of occurrence is between the third and fourth 
 months of pregnancy; before the uterus has 
 escaped above the superior aperture of the pel- 
 vis. In the treatment, the catheter must be 
 regularly used twice a day, until the uterus, 
 by its growth, rises above the pelvis. The ca- 
 theter should be small, flat, and curved consi- 
 derably more than common, in consequence of 
 the distorted course of the uretlif a. The bowels 
 must be kept open j and absolute rest, in a re- 
 cumbent posture, be enjoined. Should it be 
 impracticable to draw off the urine, attempts 
 must be made to replace the uterus. The wo- 
 man being on her hands and knees, the fore and 
 middle fingers of the accoucheur's left hand are 
 to be passed up the rectum to the fundus uteri ; 
 which they must elevate, whilst the cervix uteri 
 is carefully depressed by two fingers of the 
 right hand in the vagina. Should the fingers 
 employed to elevate the fundus not be long 
 enough to effect this object, a piece of whale- 
 bone may be substituted, having a small piece 
 of sponge attached to one extremity as a pad. 
 
 RETROVERSION DE LA MATRICE, 
 Retroversio uteri. 
 
 REUNIO, Synthesis — r. Partium separata- 
 rum, see Synthesis — r. per Primara intentionein, 
 see Intention — ^r. per Secundam intentionem, 
 see Intention — r. Vasorum, Anastomosis. 
 
 iJ^K4S/SjEiS7£, Incoherence; see Somnium. 
 
RkVE 
 
 738 
 
 EHENCHUS 
 
 R&VE, Somnium. 
 
 REVEIL, see Sleep — r. en Sursaut, see 
 Sleep. I ' 
 
 KEVELLENT, Derivative. 
 
 REVERY, Aphelxia. 
 
 REVIVIFICATION, Resuscitation. 
 
 REYULSIF, Derivative. 
 
 REVUL'SION, Revul'siOffrom re, and vellere, 
 'to pluck;' Antis'pasis. ,The act of turning 
 the principle of a disease from the organ in 
 which it seems to have taken its seat. Rube- 
 facients, vesicatories, bleeding in the foot, &c., 
 are often used for this purpose. See Derivation. 
 
 REVULSIVE, Derivative— r. Bleeding, see 
 Bloodletting. 
 
 REVULSORIUS, Derivative. 
 
 REX METALLORITM, Aurum. 
 
 REYNOLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Vinum col- 
 chici. 
 
 RHA, Rheum. 
 
 RHABARBARUM, Rheum— r. Album, Con- 
 volvulus mechoacan — r. Antiquorum, Rheum 
 Rhaponticura — r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhapon- 
 ticum — r. Monachorum, Rumex patientia — r. 
 Nigrum, Convolvulus jalapa — r. Pauperum, 
 Thalictron — r. Sibericnni, Rheum — r. Xartari- 
 cum. Rheum — r. Turcicum, Rheum. 
 
 RHABARBE, Rheum— r. Blanche, Convolr 
 vulus mechoacan — r. des Moines^ Rumex Al- 
 pinus. 
 
 RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture. 
 
 RHABILLEUR, Renoueur. 
 
 RHACHET^, RhachitEB. 
 
 RHACHETRUM, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 RHACHI^I, Rhachitffi. 
 
 RHACHIAGRA. Rachisagra. ' 
 
 RHACHI ALGIA, Rachialgia, Rhachiodynia; 
 Spinal irritation. 
 
 RHACHIALGITIS, Spinal irritation. Mye- 
 litis. 
 
 RHACHIDAGRA, Rachisagra, Rachialgia, 
 Rhaehiodynia. 
 
 RHACHIOCYPHOSIS, Gibbositas. 
 
 RHACHIODYN'IA; from ^iLx"> ' the verte- 
 bral column,' arid oSwti, 'pain;' Rhachial'gia. 
 Pain in the vertebral column. 
 
 RHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
 
 RHACHIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia. 
 
 KHACHIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 
 RHACHIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis. 
 
 RHACHIOSTROPHO'SIS; from ja//?, ' the 
 vertebral column,' ando-TpeirB, 'I turn;' Con- 
 tor'tio colum'nse vertebra'lis. Duration of the 
 vertebral column. 
 
 RHACHIOT'OMTJS, Rhaehiot'omum; from 
 {at;fic, ' the vertebral column,' and to^ij, 'inci- 
 sion.' An instrument for opening the vertebral 
 column. 
 
 RHACHIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
 
 RHACHIPHYMA, Rachiphyma. 
 
 RHACHIRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
 
 RHACHIS, Vertebral column— r. Nasi, see 
 Nasus. 
 
 RHACHISAGRA, Rachisagra. 
 
 RHACHI'TiE, from ^a/ic, 'the vertebral 
 column;' Rhachiai'i, Rachi'ta, Rhache'ta, or 
 Rachix'i. The muscles of the spine. 
 
 RHACHITES, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 RHACHITIS, Rachitis— r. Adultorum, Mol- 
 lities ossium — r. Spinalis, Rachisagra. 
 
 RHACHITISMUS, Rachitis. 
 
 RHACHOSIS, Rachosis. 
 
 RHACHUS, Rhacus, Rhagus; from gijs-ireiv. 
 
 'to tear.' A wrinkle. A laceration of the 
 skin. A lacerated ulcer — ulcus lac"erum. 
 
 RHACUS, Rhachus. 
 
 RH^BOCRANIA, Torticollis. 
 
 RHAG'ADES, Quyadc;, Rhaga'dia; from Qriy- 
 rvfit, 'to break or Tend;' .Scissu'ra, Fissu'ra, 
 Fimce'i Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long 
 ulcers, which forrn near the origin of mucous 
 membranes, especially around the anus, and 
 which are generally owing to the syphilitic vi- 
 rus. 
 
 Rhagades, see Fissure. 
 
 RHAGE, Rage; Qayii. Same etymon. A 
 suffix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as 
 in Hemorrhage, Menorrhagia, &c. 
 
 Rhage, Fissure. 
 
 RHAGES, Uv!B passffi. 
 
 RHAGODEITIS, Uveitis. 
 
 ^HA.GOl''DE,S, Rhago'des, Rhagoideus,Rha- 
 gieus, from gof , ' a grape.' Grape-like ; as Ttt- 
 NicA Rhagoides : the uvea. Also, the choroid 
 coat of the eye. 
 
 RHAGUS, Rhachus. 
 
 RHAMNUS, Rhamnus cathar'ticus , Spina 
 cervi'na,Rhamnus soluti'vus^Spina infecto' ria,^ 
 Cervispi'na, Buckthorn, Fiirging_ buckthorn, 
 (Y .) Nerprun purgatif. Family, Rhamnoides. 
 Sex. Syjt.Pentandria Moi^Ogynia. The ber- 
 ries-^Rharmii Bacc(B-\ — have a faint and disa- 
 greeable odour ; and bitterish, nauseous t^ste. 
 They are cathartic, and are apt to excite gri- 
 ping, which must be obviated by the-use of di- 
 luents. 
 
 Rhamnus Alatee'nus, Common alaternus, 
 (F.) Alateme. The leaves have been used as 
 detergents and astringents, in the form of gar- 
 gle especially. ' 
 
 Rhamnus Fran'gula. The Black Alder, 
 Frangula Alnus,Alnus 'Nigra, CF.yAune noir, 
 Bourdane, Bourgene. All the parts of this 
 tree, as well as of the common alder, are astrin- 
 gent and bitter. The bark is most so. The 
 inner, yellow bark of the trunk or root acts as 
 a cathartic. It lias also been employed as an 
 anthelmintic. 
 
 Rhamnus Ziziphus, see Jujube. 
 
 RHANTER, Canthus, (greater.) 
 
 RHAPHANEDON, Raphanedon. 
 
 RHAPHANl A, Raphania. ' 
 
 RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPHE, Raphe, Suture. 
 
 RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS; from5..*», 'suture,' 
 and (ri;^«ii/<r/c, 'union.' Union by suture, — as 
 of the bones of the cranium. 
 
 RHAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPONTICUM, Rheum Rhaponticum— r. 
 Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium. 
 
 RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum. 
 
 RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHAPYS, R,aphanus hortensis. 
 
 RHATANIA, Krameria ratanhia. 
 
 RHAX, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 RHEGE, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEGMA, Cramp, Qontusion, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma. 
 
 RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
 
 RHEMBASMUS, Soinnambulism. 
 
 RHEMBE, Rhemhus; from Qtitfiiv, ' to wan- 
 der about.' Irregularity in the return of febrile 
 paroxysms. 
 
 RHEMBUS, Rhembe. 
 
 RHENCHUS, Rattle, Snoring. 
 
RHENXIS 
 
 739 
 
 RHEUMATISM 
 
 RHENXIS;. Rattle, Snoring. 
 
 RHEON, Rheum. 
 
 RHETINE, Resin. ^ 
 
 RHETINOCERQN, Resinatum. 
 
 RHETTNOTON, Resinatum. 
 
 RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Bheu'ma, (F.) 
 Rhume; from Qera, 'to flow.' The discharge 
 from the air passages arising from cold. 
 
 Rheum, Salt. A popular name in theUnited 
 States, like ' tetter,' for various cutaneous affec- 
 tions of the eczematous and herpetic forms more 
 especially. It is at tifnes applied to a kind of 
 chronic psoriasis; and likewise to cutaneous 
 affections in those who immerse the hands in 
 metallic or acid solutions. 
 
 Rhe'um, R. ptUma'tum, K.compac'tum, R. un- 
 dulatum, Rhabar'harnm, Rheon, Rha, Rhaum, 
 Lap'atkum orienta'lS, L. Chinen'ai, Rkahar'- 
 banum ve'rwm, K. Tartar'icum, i?. ^iber'ieum) 
 R. Tur'dcumjRhubarbj^Y.^Rhabarbe. Family, 
 * Polygoneee. Sex-Syst. Enneandria Trigynia. 
 The root — Rheiim — is the part used iu medi- 
 cine. Its odour is aromatic, peculiar, and ra- 
 ther nauseous ; taste, somewhat aromatic, sub- 
 acrid, bitterish, and astringent. It colours the 
 saliva and the urine yellow. It is easily pul- 
 verized, and forms a powder 6f a bright buff- 
 yellow colour. Both water and spirit extract 
 its virtues. Rhubarb root is purgative, sto- 
 machic and astringent.(?) It is chiefly used 
 for the properties first mentioned : externally, 
 the powder is sometimes sprinkled over ulcers, 
 to assist their granulation. Dose, i^j to gss of 
 the powder. In a smaller dose, it is stoma- 
 chic. 
 
 Numerous species of Rheum,' RA. folmatum, 
 Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum, have pur- 
 gativeroots. 
 
 The rhubarbs most used ip the United States 
 are the Chinese or India Rhubarb — Rheum Si 
 nen'sS vel Ind'icuTn; — the Russian. Turke'y, or 
 Bucharian Rhubarb — Rheum Rus'sicit^m vel 
 Tur'Gieum; — and European Rhubarb. ' 
 
 Rheum CompactuMj Rheum — r. Indicum, see 
 Rheum — r. Palmatum, Rheum — r. Russicum, 
 see Rheum — r. Sihense, see Rheum — r. Turci- 
 cum, see Rheum — r. Undulatum, Rheurri. ■ 
 
 Rheum Rhapo»'ticbm> Rkapon'tic Rhubarb; 
 Rhapon'ticumj Rhabar'barum Dioscor'idis, R. 
 Antiguo'rum,(F.)RhdponH(ijie, Rhapontie., The 
 root of this seems to have been the rhubarb of 
 the ancients. It is more astringent than that 
 of tte rheum palmatum, and less purgative ; for 
 the latter purpose, two or three drachms being 
 req^uired for a dose. 
 
 French, Rhapontie or Krimea Rhubarb, is ob- 
 tained from this species, as well as from Eh. 
 undulatum; and Rh, compactum. 
 
 RHEUMA, Catarrh, Diarrhcea, Rheum, 
 Rheumatism. Also, inflammation of a fibrous 
 tissue, — as in rheumatism and gout. — Euchs. 
 
 Rheuma Cataeehale, Bronchitis, (chronic) 
 — r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic, Catarrh, 
 epidemic — r. Pectoris, Catarrh — r. Uteri, Leu- 
 corrhcea. 
 
 RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHRITIS, see Rheumatism, 
 acute. 
 
 RHEUMARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, 
 acute. 
 
 RHEUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic 
 — r. Arthritica, see Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMAT'IC, Rheumat'icus, (F.) Rhuma- 
 tismale, Rhumatique. Belonging to rheumah 
 tism; -as rheumatic fever. Also, applied to 
 one affected v^ith rheumatism; (F.) Rheumati- 
 sant. 
 
 RHEU'MATISM, Catarrhce'a; from stu^o, 
 ' a defluxion, catarrh.' Dolor J^heumat'ieus et 
 arthrit'ictis, (Hoffm?in,) Rheumato'sis, Myoso'- 
 tis, Rhewnta, Myodyn'ia, (F.) Rhumatisme. A 
 kind'of shifting phlegmasia, sometimes seated 
 in the muscles, sometimes in the parts sur- 
 rounding the joints ; and at others, within them. 
 Hence the names Muscular, Articular, and 
 Synovial, which have been applied to it. The 
 disease may be acute, or chronic. i 
 
 Rheumatism of the Abdomen, Coeliorrheu- 
 ma. ' 
 
 Rheumatism, hcxs'r'E,Rheumatis'mus, aeu'tus, 
 Rh. universa'lis febri'lis, Arthro'sia acuta, 
 Rheumatismusj Rh. infla/mmato'rius sen hyper- 
 sthen'icus, Rheumat'ic Fever, Rheumatop'yra, ' 
 Rheumap'yra, Febris rheumat'ica injlammdiio' - 
 ria, Syn'ocha rheumat'ica, Migoso'tis, Myitis, 
 Cauma rheumatism'us, Arthri'tis rheu/matis- ■ 
 mus, Arthro-rheumatis'mus, Synovi'tis rUeu- 
 mM.tisma'lis,_ Saemo-arthri'fis, (F.) Rhuma- 
 tisme aigue,' Fievre rhumatismale, usually 
 comes on with the ordinary symptoms of fever; 
 soon after vyhich; or simultaneously, or even 
 before the appearance of febrile signs, excru- 
 ciating pains are felt in different parts of the 
 body, particularly in the larger 'joints, which 
 are more or less red and swollen ; the pain 
 shifting from one to the other, at times with 
 great rapidity. The disease rarely terminates 
 iu less than six weeks, during the greater part 
 of which period thfe febrile symptoms remain 
 severe ; and what is peculiar to the disease, the 
 skin may Jje cov,ered daily with a profuse per- 
 spiration, although it feels extremely hot, and 
 the puls^ appears in na way modified by it. It 
 is one of the essential symptoms of the affection, 
 and consequently affords no belief. The only 
 danger to be apprehended from'^acute rheuma- 
 tism, notwithstanding the apparent severity of 
 the symptoms, is the translation, or extension of 
 the .disease to some internal part, especially to 
 the heart. This tendency must always be borne 
 in miiid. Acute rheumatism seldom terminates 
 in chronic; they who are liable to the for- 
 rmer are- rarely so to the latter, and conversely. 
 The disease will generally run its course in 
 spite of treatment. The usual antiphlogistic 
 .plan had better be pursued during the fitst days 
 of, the disease. , Blood-letting may be'employed, 
 if the vigour, of the patient and of the disease 
 seem to require it; but, although the blood is 
 generally buffy, bleeding does not usually seem 
 to afford much relief. The bowels must be 
 kept open ; effervescent draughts bp administer- 
 ed, and opium be given in full doses to allay 
 pain. This is, generally; all that is necessary 
 during the first week ; after which, advantage 
 will usually be obtained from the exhibition of 
 the sulphate of quinia with sulphuric acid. It 
 does not augment the excitement ; and will be 
 found proper in almost all Cases. < Rheumatic 
 inflammation is very different froni other varie- 
 ties, and this may account for the anomaly. 
 After a few weeks, the disease usuallygoes off, 
 but leaves the patient very liaole- to i, recur- 
 rence on slight exposures or errors of diet : at 
 times, acute rheumatism of the joints puts on 
 
RHEUMATISM 
 
 740 
 
 RHINOPLASTIC 
 
 the appearancejof gout, and seems to be a com- 
 plication of the twa affections. It is then called 
 Gouty or Arthrit'ie theumatUm, or Rkemnatic 
 gout, Rheumatal'gia arthrit'ica, Rheumarthro'- 
 sis, Rkeumarthri'tis, Arthri'tis. rheumat'ica seu 
 juvehi'lia, . " i 
 
 Kheumatism|)F the Akm, Brachiorrheuma — 
 r. Arthritic, see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the 
 Bladder, €ystorrheuma^r. of the Bowels, En- 
 terorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Cap'sulae, Rheumatis'mus 
 capaula'ris. Rheumatism seated in the lining 
 membrane of the joints and bursse of the tendonsi 
 The parts most liable to its attacks are the feet 
 and hands, where it is. generally easily recog- 
 nised by' the enlargement of the joints ; but the 
 peculiar characters of the disease are, perhaps, 
 most strikingly seen when it attacks the knee. 
 . Rheumatism op the Chest, Pleurodynia. 
 
 Rheumatism, Cn.B.o'siOyArthro'sia chron'itct,: 
 Rheumatismus chro^icus. seu nonfebri'lis, J£.- 
 vulga/ris' seu inveteral'us seu habitwa/lis seu 
 frig"idus, Rheumatal'gia) Rhewniatodyn^ia, 
 Arthrodyn'ia, Arthritis atthrodyrda,.(^ .) Rhu- 
 matisTne chronique, Rhumatalgie, is attended 
 with pains in the hips, shoulders, knees, and 
 other large joints. These ar^e, sometimes, con- 
 fined to one joint}, at others, shift from one to 
 another, without occasioning inflamraationi or 
 fever. In this manner, the complaint ofteri 
 continues' for a great length of 'tin;ie, and then 
 goes off. ,There is no danger attendant upon 
 it I but the patient may become lame, and is al- 
 ways liable to painful recurrences. Neither 
 variety generally terminates in suppuration ; 
 but effusion of'coagulable lymph is apt to occur, 
 so^as to occasion pernianent thickening of the 
 parts. The great preventive of chronic rheu- 
 matism, and one of the most valuable curative 
 agents, is flannel, worn next the skin, The 
 whole class of rubefacients may, also, be used, 
 with advantage. The warm bath, especially 
 the natural warm bath, the temperature ofVvhich 
 does not vary, is perhaps the most successful 
 remedy of all. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Extremities, Acror- 
 rheuma — r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma — r. 
 Gouty, see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the Heart, 
 Cardiorrheuma — r. of the Leg, Scejorrheuma — 
 r. of a Limb, Merorrheuma^r. Local, Meror- 
 rheuma — r. of the Loins, Lumbago — r. of the 
 Neck, Torticollis— r. Partial, Merorrheuma— 
 r. of the Skin, see. Defmalgia— r. Topical, Me- 
 rorrheuma. 
 
 Rheumatism, Peeabdpm'inal, (F.) ^hwma- 
 tisme pre-abdominal. Rheumatism-of .the mus- 
 cles of the anterior and lateral portions of the 
 abdomen; supposed by MM. Genest and Re- 
 quin to be the same as Xhs-nervous affection of 
 the. peritbnewm of Gooch. 
 
 Rheumatism of the Uterus, Metrorrheuma 
 — r. Weed, Pyrola maculata, P. umbellata. 
 
 RHEUMATISMUS ABDOMINIS, Coelior- 
 rheuma — r. Acutus, Rheumatism, acute— r. Bra- 
 chii, Brachiorrheuma— r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia 
 faciei— r.Cervicis,Torticollis— rwColli,Torticol- 
 lis— r.Cordis.Cardiorrheuma- r.Cruris,Scelor- 
 rheuma— r. Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremita- 
 tum, Acrorrheuma — r. Faciei, Prosoporrheuma 
 — r. Febrilis, Dengue — r. Inflammatorius seu hy- 
 persthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus — r. Intes- 
 tinorum, Enterorrheuma — r. Intestinorum cum 
 ■Icere, Dysentery— r. Larvatus, Neuralgia fa- 
 
 ciei — r. Localia, Merorrheuma — r. Meinbro- 
 rum singulorum, Merorrheuma — r. Non fe- 
 brilis. Rheumatism, acute — r. Partialis, Me- 
 rorrheuma — r. Pectoris, Pleurodynia — t. Phleg- 
 monodes. Myositis — r. Spujius nervosus. Neu- 
 ralgia. — r. Universalis febrilis. Rheumatism, 
 acute — r. Uteri, Metrorrheuma — r. Vesicse uri- 
 nariaa, Cystorrheuma — r.Vulgaris seu invetera- 
 tu? seu hahitualis seu frigidus, Rheumatism, 
 thronic. 
 
 RHEUMATODYNIA,Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Rheumoph- 
 thal'mia; from pevfia, ' rheumatism,' and s$fl«J- 
 /iitty ' ihflamtaiation of the eyes.' Rheumatic 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 RHEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
 
 RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism- 
 
 RHEUMOPHTHALMIA, Rheumatophthal- 
 mia,. Sclerotitis. 
 
 RHEX'IS, Rhegma, Dirup'tio, Rup'tio,Rif^- 
 tu'ra, Rupture. Rupture of a vessel or organ. 
 Spontaneous opening of an abscess. 
 
 Rhexis Oc'uu. Bursting of the eye from any 
 cause ; spontaneous or excited. 
 
 RHICI^O'SIS, from.g«voo^«ij 'to become 
 wrinkled;' Cutis corruga'tio. Wrinkling of 
 the skin from extenuation of the body ; opposed 
 to sKTxait, or distension from repletion. 
 
 RHIGOS, Rigor. 
 , RHIN, Nasus. 
 
 RHINAL'GIA; Rhinodyn'ia, from qiv, ' the 
 nose,' and stxyo;, ' pain.' Pain in the nose. 
 
 Rhinal'gia ab Inteu'sisj Pain in the nose 
 from foreign bodies. 
 
 Rhinalgia Veemino'sa. Pain in the nose 
 from worms. 
 
 RHINAN'CHONE, Rhinan'gia, Rhinosteg- 
 no'sis; from 'gir, 'the nose,' and ayjfoi'i?, ' nar^ 
 rowness.' Contraction of the nose. Snuffles. 
 
 RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles. 
 
 RHINCHOS, Rostrum.- 
 
 RHINENCEPHALIA, Cyclopia. 
 
 RHINEN'CHYSISi Rhynenchys'ia, from jiv, 
 ' the nose,' ev, ' in,' and ;fi;u), ' I pour.' An in- 
 fusion or injection, made into the nostrils,, with 
 a syringe called Rhinen'ehites. 
 
 RHINES, Nares. 
 
 RHINI'TIS, Nasi'tis, from gi», fiivoc, ' the 
 nose,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the nose. Coryza. , 
 
 Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozsena. 
 
 RHINOBLENNORRHCEA, Rhinorrhcea. 
 
 RHINOC'ACE, Cory'za scar-latino' sa; from 
 giv, ' the nose,' and itanoc, 'evil.' The offensive 
 discharge from the nose, and other symptoms 
 indicating a morbid cohdition of the Schneide- 
 rian membrane that accompany the worst forms 
 of scarlatina. 
 
 RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza. 
 
 RHINOCNES'MUS, from 51V, 'the nose,' 
 and xnjiTA' ":, ' itching.' Itching of the nose. 
 
 RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia. 
 
 RHINOPHO'NIA, from giv, ' the nose,' and 
 ■<fmti, 'the voice.' A nasal voice, called, 
 also, Dyspho'nia immodnla'ta nasa'lis, Fara- 
 pho'nia nasalis, Paraphonia res'onans, Pselhs - 
 mus na'sitas, Mycteropho'nia, Na'sitas, Vox 
 nasa'lis, Parala'lianasa'lis. Speaking through 
 the nose. 
 
 RHINOPLASTIC, Rhimplas'ttea (ars) 
 from e 11', 'the nose,' and Tjao-o-ai, ' I form.' An 
 epithet applied to the operation for formmg a 
 new nose. The Taliacotian operation, so called 
 
RHINOPTIA 
 
 741 
 
 RHUS CORIARIA 
 
 because described by Tagliacozzi. It consists 
 in bringing down a portion of flesh from the 
 forehead, and causing it to adhere to the anterior 
 part of the remains of the nose. 
 
 RHINOP'TIA, from 51V, 'the nose,' and ore- 
 TSfiai, ' I see.' The act 'of seeing over the nose. 
 Squinting over the nose. 
 
 RHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
 
 RHINOR'RHAPHY, Khinorrhapk'ia, from 
 on, ' nose,' and {ii}>i), ' a suture.' An operation 
 for the removal of epicanthus, which consists 
 in pinching up a longitudinal fold of the «kin, 
 including this fold in two elliptical incisions, 
 i-emoving it, and bringing together the edges of 
 the wound by harelip suture. 
 
 RHINORRHCE'A, RhinobUnnorrhcB'a, from 
 g;v, {ijot, ' the nose,' and e.tm, 'I flow.' A dis- 
 charge of limpid mucus from the nose without 
 any inflammatory symptom. A gleet from the 
 nose. , ' 
 
 RHINO'SIS, from giroc, 'a skin, leather,' or 
 from gmvos, ' rugous.' The state of looseness 
 and excess of sMn observed in phthisis. — Vogel. 
 
 RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone. 
 
 RHIPTASMOS, Jactation. 
 
 RHIPTOLUSIA, AflTusion. 
 
 RHIS, Nasus. 
 
 RHIZA, Radix. 
 
 RHIZAGRA, Punch. 
 
 RHIZO'MA, Rhiiome: from jita, ' a root.' 
 The part of the root of a plant, which consists 
 of wood or flesh, as in the carrot. 
 
 RHIZOPH'AGUS, from gi?B, ' a root,' and 
 (fiaya, 'I eat.' . One who lives on roots. 
 
 RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples. 
 
 RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary. 
 
 RHOA, Punica granatum. 
 
 "Ry.OI>ELJE'ON, Oleum rosa'rum. Oil of 
 roses, or oil impregnated with roses. 
 
 RHO'DIA, Rhodiola ro'sea, RoseajRosewort, 
 (F.) Rhodiole. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Octaijdria. 
 The root, Eoseroot, when dry, has a very plea- 
 sant smell, and is slightly astringent. It is not 
 used. 
 
 RHO'DINUS, Rho'dius, Rosa'ceus, Ro'seus, 
 Rosa'tus. Rosy. Formed of, or containing, 
 roses. 
 
 RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia. 
 
 RHODIOLE, Rhodia. 
 
 RHODITES yiNUM. Wine in which roses 
 have been macerated. 
 
 RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Rose- 
 wood. The wood or root of a tree supposed to 
 be Genis'ta Canarien'sia of Linneeus. (F.) 
 Bois de rose, 'Bois de Chypr-e. Family, Legu- 
 minoste. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. — 
 The essential oil is a perfume, and possesses 
 cordial and tonic virtues. Its smell is attrac- 
 tive to fish, rats, &c. 
 
 RHODIUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander. 
 
 RHODODEN'DRON CHRYSAN'THE- 
 MUM, R. Chrysan'thum; the Olean'd^r, Rose 
 Bay, Tellow rhododendron, Mountain-Laurel, 
 (F.) Rosage, R. Chrysanthe. Nat. Ord. Eri- 
 ceae. Sex. Syst. Decahdria Monogynia. This 
 plant has been recommended in rheumatism, 
 gout, and syphilis. In an overdose, it produces 
 acro-narcotic symptoms. 
 
 RHODOME'LA PALMATA, Dulse, Sac'- 
 oharine Fucus. One of the Algrn eaten in large 
 quantities throughout the maritime countries of 
 
 the north of Europe, and in the, Grecian Archi- 
 pelago. 
 RHODOMELI, Mel ross. 
 RHODON, Rosa centifolia. 
 RHODOSACOHARUM, Gonfectio rosasgal- 
 licte. 
 RHODOSTACTON, Mel rosas. 
 RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosae. 
 RHCEA, Punica granatum. 
 
 RHCEAS, Papaver rhceas. 
 
 RHOEBDESIS, Absorption. 
 
 RHCEUM, Rheum. 
 
 RHOGMOS, Rattle. , 
 
 RHOl'TES, f oiTi)? ; a wine impregnated with 
 the 'pomegranate i from jots. Pomegranates,— 
 Dioscorides. , A confection, made by boiling 
 the juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus 
 of ^gina. 
 
 RHOMBOIDEUS, from go^jSos, «a rhombus,' 
 whose side^ are equal, with two obtuse and two 
 acute angles. Bhombo'ideUs major and mihor, 
 Rhombo'i'des, Cervici-dorso-scapulaire. A mus- 
 cle situate at the posterior inferior part of the 
 neck, and at the posterior part of the back. It 
 has a rhomboidal shape, and is attached, by its 
 inner edge, to the posterior cervical ligament, 
 arid to the spinous piiocesses of the last cervical 
 vertebra, and of the first four or five dorsal. By 
 its outer edge, it is attached to the spinal or 
 posterior edge of the scapula. It is divided into 
 two fasciculi, constituting the Rhomboideus ma- 
 jor and minor, the latter being situate higher 
 than the other. This muscle draws' the scapula 
 backwards and upwards, and impresses upon it 
 a rotary motion, which brings its inferior angle 
 nearer to the- spine; and, consequently, de- 
 presses the anterior angle and the shoulder. 
 
 RHOMBOS, pui«/!ff. A bandage mentioned 
 by Galen,- so called on aceoijnt of its rhomboidal 
 shape. -, 
 
 RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor— r. 
 Crepitans, Rale crepitant — r. Mucous, see iSo/e 
 crepitant — r. Sibilans, see Rale crepitant — r. 
 Sonorus, Rale sonore — r. Subcrepitant, see 
 Rattle. 
 
 RHOPALISMUS, Priapismus. 
 
 RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea. 
 
 RHOPE, Congestion. 
 
 RHOTACISMUS, Rotacism. 
 
 RHUBARB, Rheum— r. Chinese, see Rheum 
 — r. French, Rheum Rhaponticum — r. India, 
 see Rheum — r. Krimea, Rheum Rhaponticum 
 — r. Monk's, Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia 
 — r. Poor man's, Thalictron — r. Rhapontic, 
 Rheum rhaponticum-rr. Russia, see Rheum— 
 r. Turkey, see Rheum — r. Wild, Convolvulus 
 panduratus. 
 
 RHUBiARBE F.4?TSSE, Thalictron— r. des 
 Pauvres, Thalictron. 
 
 RHUE, Ruta. 
 
 RHUMATALGIE, Rheumatism, chronic. 
 
 RHUMATIQTJE, Rheumatic. 
 
 RBXTMATISANT, Rheumatic. 
 
 RBVMATISMALE, Rheumatic. 
 
 RHUMATISME, Rheumatism — »■. Aigu, 
 Rheumatism, acute — r. CAj'omijMe, Rheumatism, 
 chronic — r. Preabdominale, Rheumatism, prse- 
 abdominal — r. del'TJterus, Metrorrheuma. 
 
 RHUME, Rheum — r. de Oerveaw, Coryza 
 
 r. de Poitrine, Catarrh. 
 
 RHUS CORIA'RIA, Sumach, Shumach,Rhus 
 Glabrttm, Adu'rion, Elm-leaved Sumach, {'?.) 
 Sumac des Corroyeurs. Family, Terebintha- 
 
RHYPARIA 
 
 742 
 
 RING 
 
 ces. Sea;. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. This 
 is the only species of the genus rhus that is in- 
 nocent. Both the leaves and berries have teen 
 used as, astringents and tonics. 
 Rhbs Glabrum, Rh. coriaria. 
 
 Rhus Radi'canSj Rkus vernix, poison vine, 
 {America.) This plant is poisonous, (see Poi- 
 sons, Table of,) and is extremely acrid, when 
 applied to the skin, producing erysipelas and 
 vesications, and has, been used, like the next 
 variety, in paralysis and, other nervous affec- 
 tions. I 
 
 Rhus Sylvestris, Blyrica gale. 
 
 Rhus ToxicoD^N'DiioN, Toxieoden' drori,,Poi- 
 soii oak {America^ (F.) Sumac vineneux. 
 This plant has been used in paralytic affections 
 and cutaneous eruptions. It is poisonous, like 
 the last. Dose, gr. ss to gr, iv. 
 
 Rhus Vejinix, Rh. radicans. 
 
 RHYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum via- 
 rum. 
 
 RHYPOS, Sordes. 
 
 RHYPTICA, Detergents. 
 
 RHYPTICUS, Abstergent. 
 
 RHYSIS, Flux. 
 
 RHYSMUS, Rhythm. 
 
 RHYSSEJMA, Wrinkle. ■ 
 
 RHYTHM, Rhythmus, Rhysmus, ' nieasuTed 
 movement.' The prder, or proportion, which 
 reigns between the different parts of a wiiole. 
 Applied, in medicine, to the pulsations of tl^e 
 heart — to the pulse — to express the due propor- 
 tion between one pulsation and those following it. 
 
 RHYTHMICAL CONTRACTIONS OF 
 MUSCLES, are tliose that succeed one another 
 after regular intervals. 
 
 RHYTHMUS, Rhythm.' 
 
 RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. . 
 
 RIB, Costa — r. False, see Costa — r. Float- 
 ing, see Costa — r. Sternal, see Costa — r. True, 
 see Costa. ' 
 
 RIBES NIGRUM, Cassis. The Blar.h cUr~ 
 rant, (F.) GrrosmXlitr noir. Sex. Syst, Pentan- 
 dria Monogynia. The berries have been re- 
 commended in sore throat, as diuretics.- The 
 leaves have been advised for^the same purpose. 
 They are chiefly used as preserves. 
 
 RiBES RuBEUM, Grossula'ria non spino'sa, 
 the red currant, (F . ) Groseillier rouge; of which 
 the white is only a variety. It is cultivated, 
 andaffords an agreeable fruit. It possesses, the 
 qualities of the subacid frnits^in general, and 
 makes an excellent preserve. 
 ) RIBS, NECK OF THE, CoUura costarum.> 
 
 RICE, Oryza— r. Disease, Cholera— r. Wild, 
 Zizania aquatica. 
 
 RICHARDSONIA, see Ipecacuanha. 
 
 RICHLEAF, CoUinsonia Canadensis. 
 
 RICHWJDED, Actffa racemosa, Ambrosia 
 trifida, Collihsonia Canadensis. 
 
 RICIN, Ricinus communis. 
 
 RICINOIDES, Jatropha -curcas. 
 
 RICINUS COMMU'NIS. The Castor oil 
 plant, Catapu'tia major, Ricinus vulga'ris, 
 Palma Christi, Faha purga'trix, Cerua or Ke- 
 rua, Cici, (F.) Ridn; Five purgatif. Family, 
 Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadel- 
 phia. Castor-oil seeds, whence the oil is ob- 
 tained, are inod'orous ; taste acrid and slightly 
 sweetish. One or two seeds will act as a ca- 
 thartic ; but the oil, O'leum ric"ini, O.inferna'U, 
 (F.) Huile de IHcin, is alone used. It is ob- 
 tained by bruising the castor seeds, previously 
 
 decorticated, and then expressing the oil with- 
 out the application of heat. Recently drawn 
 castor oil, Oleiim, de kerva, O, kervi'num, Al- 
 khr'va,Oleum Ric"ini, 0. Cic"imim, O. Palma 
 lig'uidum, is inodorous and nearly insipid. It 
 is cathartic, operating speedily, and may be 
 used in all cases where powerfully stimulating 
 purgatives would be injurious. Dose, f. gj to 
 f. ^iss. Hufeland recommends that a drop of 
 the croton oil shall be added to an ounce of the 
 oil of poppy, and that the jnixtuf e shall be called 
 O'lewm. Ric"ini Offi-dna'le. 
 
 A variety, of Ricinus at Cape yerd is em- 
 ployed by the inhabitants to increase the secre- 
 tion of milk. It is applied in the form of poul- 
 tice, made with the green leaves, to the mam- 
 mae, or of a strong decoction, with which the 
 mamms and.the external parts of generation are 
 washed. 
 
 Riqiwus Major, Jatropha curcas — r. Minor, 
 Jatropha manihot. > 
 
 RICKETS, Rachitis. 
 
 RICTUS LUPINUS, see Harelip. 
 
 RIDE, Wrinkle'. 
 
 RIDING, (of Bones.) Qs-siwrn superposif'io, 
 (F.) Ghevauckement. Displacement of the frag- 
 ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the con- 
 traction of muscles, which occasions shortening 
 of the limb ; the fractured extremities ridiri'g 
 over each otjier, instead of being end to end. 
 
 RIGIDITAS, Rigidity. 
 
 RiGiDiTAS Articul'oecm, Ancylo' sis spu'ria. 
 Stiffness of the joints. False ancylosis. . 
 
 RIGIDITY, Rigid'itas, from rigere, ' to stif- 
 fen.' Great stiffness of fibTe,or want of supple- 
 ness. The stiffness of the dead body, (F.) 
 Roideur cadavmgue, is one of the most certain 
 signs of the cessation of life. 
 
 RI'GOR, Rhigas, Algor, Coldness, Cheim'ia, 
 (F.) Frisson. Same etynion. Sensation of 
 cold, with involuntary shivering of the whole 
 body i^a'symptom of fever. A slighter degree, 
 and at times full rigor, is occasionally termed 
 a chill, frigus ten'uB, perfrigera'tio. 
 
 Rigor. Artuum, Contractura — i;. Cadavero- 
 sus. Rigor mortis — r. Corporis mortui. Rigor 
 mortis — r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Max- 
 illas inferioris. Trismus. 
 
 RieoR Mortis, R. cor'poris mo/itii, R, cada- 
 vero'sus, K, emortua'lis , Neeronarce' m-a, (F.) 
 Roideur ou Raideur cadaverique. * Stiffness 
 of death.' Death stiffening. , The rigidity of 
 limbs that occurs on dissolution. i 
 
 Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus — r. Nervosus, 
 Tetanus. 
 
 RIMAi Sckisma, Schiza. A fissure, a cleft ; 
 as Rima, or Ri'mula Glot'tidis seu Laryn'- 
 gis, 'the opening of the glottis.' Rviha vulva, 
 R. magna, Intro^itus, Sinus vulvse, Scapha, 
 Scaphus seu Fissu'ra magna seu Scissu'ra vul- 
 va., Schiza, 'the opening of the vulva.' See 
 Vulva. 
 
 Rima Canalis Orbitarii, Suborbitar fissure 
 — r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri — r. Laryn- 
 gis, Rima glottidis — r. Magna, Vulva, see Ri- 
 ma. 
 
 RIMiE, Rhagades. 
 
 RIMULA GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis— r. 
 Laryngis, Rima glottidis. 
 
 RINiEUS, Compressor naris. 
 
 RINCHOS, Rostrum. 
 
 RING, Sax. hpins, pinSj Germ. Ring, Cri- 
 cos, (F.) Anneau. A name given to natural, 
 
RINGWORM 
 
 743 
 
 ROSA 
 
 circular, or roundish apertures, with muscular 
 or aponeurotic parietes, which serve for the 
 passage of some vessel or canal : — as the ■umbi- 
 lical ring, inauinal ring, &c. 
 
 RINGWORM, Herpes circinatus— r. of the 
 Sqalp, Porrigo scutulata— i. Ulcerative, Herpes 
 extdens — r. Vesicular, Herpes piseputii. 
 
 RIRE ou RIS, Risus— r. Canin, Canine 
 laugh — r. Moqueu.r, Canine laugh — r. Sardo- 
 nUn, Risus sardonicus — r. Sntdonien, Canine 
 laugh — r. Sardonigue, Canine laugh. 
 ^ISAGON, Cassumuniar. 
 RISIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 RISING, see Regurgitation— r. of the Lights, 
 Cynanohe trachealis. 
 
 RisinO or Eleva'tion of the Pulse, Pulsus 
 eleva'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be- 
 comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the 
 exacerbation of acute diseases. 
 
 RISO'RIUS NOVUS. Santorini gives this 
 name to a portion of the platysma myoides, 
 which passes from the cheek towards the com- 
 missure of the lips. ^ 
 RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
 RISUS, from rider e, risum, 'to larfgh.' Ge- 
 lus, Laughing, Laughter, Laugh, (F.) Rire ou 
 Ris. An involuntary movement of the mus- 
 cles of the face, and of the lips in particular, 
 accompanied with a sonorous and interrupted 
 respiration, commonly indicating mirth and sa- 
 tisfaction. 
 
 Risus Apium, Ranunculus sceleratus — r. Ca- 
 ninus, Canine laugh-^r.Involuntarius,, Canine 
 laugh — r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti- 
 cus, Canine laugh. 
 RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis. 
 RIZ, Oryza. 
 
 ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
 ROB, Rooi, Robul, Rohoh, Rohab, (F.) Ex- 
 trait des fruits. This word, of Arabic extrac- 
 tion, means the juice of any fruit thickened to 
 the consistence of honey by evaporation, before 
 it has fermented. The juice of the grape, boiled 
 to this consistence, was called Sapa, and, when 
 not quite so thick, Defru'tum. 
 
 Rob Ctnosbatos, Confectio rosae caninse — r. 
 ex Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucum, Diacaryon. 
 ROBIN RUN-AWAY, Glechoma hederacea. 
 ROBIN'I A AMA'RA, Family, Leguminosse. 
 Sex.Syst. Diadelphia Pecandria.' The roots 
 of the Robinia amara of Cochin China are bit- 
 ter, and have been recommended, especially in 
 that country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia. 
 
 RoBiHiA Pseudo-Aca'cia, Locust tree ; native 
 of America. The flowers are said to possess 
 antispasmodic properties. 
 ROBORANS, Corroborant. 
 ROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
 ROBUB, Rob. 
 
 ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella. 
 ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOP- 
 ING-COUGH. An empirical preparation, com- 
 posed of oL oliv* §xvj, oL succin. J^viii, ol. car- 
 foph., q. s. to scent it strongly. 
 ROCHER, see Temporal bone. 
 ROCHETTA ALEXANDRINA, Soda. 
 ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca— r. 
 Roman, Brassica eruca. 
 ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense. 
 ROCOU, Terra Orleana. 
 ROGNE, Psora. 
 ROHAB, Rob. 
 ROHENA BARK, Swietenia. 
 
 ROHOB, Rob. 
 
 ROIDEUR CADAYiRiqUE, Rigor mor 
 
 tis. 
 
 ROISDORFF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Alkaline waters in Germany, which contain 
 carbonic acid and carbonate of soda. ' 
 
 ROLLER, Bandage, Fascia. 
 ROMARIN, Rosmarinus — r. Sauvage, Le- 
 dum sylvestre. 
 
 ROME, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
 RDme, as regards its physical qualities, is con- 
 sidered to be one of the best in Italy. , It is pe- 
 culiarly still; and, hence, has been esteemed 
 valuable as a winter climate in pulmonary dis- 
 eases, and for inva,lids generally, as it admits 
 of their taking exercise in the open air at a 
 lower temperature than they otherwise could 
 do. In the early stages of consumption. Sir 
 James Clark generally found the, climate fa- 
 vourable, 
 
 ROMFEURE, Kernia. 
 
 RONCE, Rubus idaeus — r. Bleue, Rubus cae- 
 sius — r. de 'Montagne, Rubus chamtemorus^r. 
 Noire, Rubus fruticosus. ^ 
 
 . RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
 
 ROND, Round — rJ Grand, Teres major — r. 
 Fetit, Teres minor. 
 
 RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rat- 
 tle — r. de Diable, Bruit de Diable. 
 
 ROOB, Rob. 
 
 ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate. 
 
 ROOT, Radix — r. Ague*, Aletris farinosa — r. 
 Bitter, Apocynum androssemifolium — r. Cana- 
 da, Asclepias tuberosa — r. Red, Celastrus — r. 
 Rough, J^iatris — r. of Scarcity, Beta hybrida — 
 r. Squaw, Actaea racemosa — r. Sweet, Acorus 
 calamus — r. Unicorn, Aletris farinosa — r. Yel- 
 low, Xanthoriza apiifolia — r. Yellow, Jeffer- 
 sonia Baxtoni. ' 
 
 ROPE BARK, Djrca palustris. 
 
 JiOQUBTTE, Brassica eruca, Soda. 
 
 RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifyr, (F.) Rorifere, from 
 ros, 'dew,' and /«r»-o, ' to carry.' Epithet given 
 to vessels which- pour exhaled fluids on the sur- 
 face of organs. 
 
 RoKiFERous Duct, Thoracic duct. 
 
 ROS, Sperm — r. Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus 
 — r; Sblis, Drosera rotundifolia. 
 
 ROSA, R. centifolia. 
 
 Rosa Alba. The White Rose, (F;) Rosier 
 blanc. Family, Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosan- 
 dria Polygynia. The flowers of this species 
 possess similar but inferior qualities to the\ da- 
 mask. 
 
 Rosa Cani'na ; R. sylves'tris, Cynor'rhodon, 
 Caniru'hus, Cani'nus Sentis, Cynocyt'isus , Cy- 
 nospas'tum, Cynos'batos, Dog Rose, Wild Brier, 
 Hip Tree, (F.)- J2o.se du chien, Eglantier de 
 chien, E- sauvage. The fruit of this variety, 
 called Heps or Hips, has a sourish taste, and is 
 formed into a conserve. See Confectio cynos- 
 bati. It- is seldom employed, except to give 
 form to more active remedies ; as to pills, bo- 
 luses, linctuses, &c. 
 
 Rosa Centifo'lia ; Hecatomphyl'la, Bdmash 
 Rose, Rosa Damasee'na, R. Pallida, (F.)Rosier 
 a cent feuilles, Rhodon, Rosa. The petals of 
 this rose have an extremely fragrant odour, and 
 subacidnlous taste. They are laxative ; but are 
 scarcely used for any piirposes except for the 
 distillation of rose-water, Oil of Roses, Oleum 
 i?9£ez,~and the formation of a syrup. r 
 
ROSACE 
 
 744 
 
 ROVILLi 
 
 Rosa Damascena, R. centlfolia. 
 
 Rosa Gal'lica ; Ked Hose, ' Rosa rubra, 
 (F.) Rosier de Provins. I'he petals of this 
 variety are astringent; and are used in infusion, 
 conserve, &c, 
 
 Rosa Pallida, R. ccntifolia — r. Rubra, R. 
 Gallica — r. Saltans, Esserar-^r. Sylvestris, R. 
 canina. . 
 
 nOSACE, Roseola. , 
 
 ROSACEUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSAGE, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
 
 ROSAGO, Nerium oleander. 
 
 ROSALIA, Scarlatina. 
 
 ROSALIAS Scarlatina. ' ' 
 
 ROSATUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSE, Erysipelas— r. Christmas, Helleborus 
 niger — r. Corn, Papaver rhoeas — r. Damask, 
 Rosa centifolia — r. Dog, Rosa canina — r. Dog, 
 conserve Of confection of, Confefetio rosae cani- 
 niR—r. du ckien, Rosa canina — r. Rash, Roseo- 
 la — r. Red, Rosa Gallica — r. White, Rosa alba. 
 
 ROSEA, Rhodia. 
 
 ROSEBALM, SC ARLET.Monarda coccinea. 
 
 ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea. 
 
 ROSELLINA, Roseoto. , 
 
 ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus— r. Marsh, Sta- 
 tice limonium, and S. Caroliniana. 
 
 ROSENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Kosenheimis 34 miles S. E. from Miinich in 
 Bavaria. The waters contain sulphuretted hy- 
 drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chlo- 
 rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of 
 soda, and oxide of iron. They are used as to- 
 nics. 
 
 ROSE'OL A, Exanihe'sis Roseola, Rose Rash, 
 (¥.y Roseole, Aruption anomale. Rosace, F0- 
 vre rouge, E^fflorescence ery^sipelateuse. An 
 efflorescence in blushing patches, gradually 
 deepening to a rose-colour, mostly circular or 
 oval; often alternately fading and reviving; 
 sometimes,with a colourless nucleus; and chiefly 
 on the cheeks, neck, or arms. It is frequently 
 found, as a symptom, in dentition, dyspepsia, 
 rheumatism, &c., and is of no consequence. See 
 Roseola, Rubeola and Scarlatina. 
 
 Roseola Achosa, Gutta rosea. 
 
 Roseola ^sti'va. The affection which 
 prevails in summer. The eruption is a darker 
 colour, and is attended with more itching. 
 
 Roseola Annula'ta. Characterized by 
 patches in the form of rose-coloured- rays, with 
 central areas of the colour of the skin. 
 
 Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis — r. Variolosa, Ro- 
 seoliE. 
 
 ROSE'OLjE, Roseola, Roselli'na, False mea- 
 sles, French measles, (F.) Roseole, Fausse 
 rougiole. This name is also given by some 
 to an acute exanthem, mid-way between mea- 
 sles and scarlatina, and which belongs to 
 neither one nor the other, as it affords no pro- 
 tection against either. It i^, also, termed 
 Rubeola by some. An eruption which often 
 precedes that of small pox is termed Roseola 
 Variolo'sa, 
 
 ROSAOLE, Roseola, Roseola. 
 
 ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis. 
 
 ROSES, MILK OF. A cosmetic wash, 
 formed, according to one method, of subearbo- 
 nate of potass, gr. vj ; oil of almonds, |j ; es- 
 sence of bergamot, !^ij ; aqiix rosa, §iij ; orange 
 flower water, ,^ij. Mix. 
 
 ROSEUS, Rhodinus. 
 
 ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum. 
 
 ROSEWORT, Rhodia. 
 
 ROSIER BLANC, Rosa alba— r. a Cent 
 feuilles, R. centifolia — r. de Prowins, Rosa 
 Gallica. 
 
 ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia— r. Brown, 
 Colophonia^r. White, see Pinus sylvestris — r. 
 Yellow, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 
 ROSIO STOMACHI, Catdialgia— r. Ventri- 
 culi, Cardialgia. - 
 
 ROSMARINUM, Rosinarinus. 
 
 ROSMARI'NFS.fl. offidna'lis^Alchachil, R. 
 ^horten'sis, lAbano'tis corona'ria, Dendrolib'- 
 anus, Rosemary, (F.) Romarin. Family, La- 
 biatae, Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. The 
 tops of this plant, Rosmarinus, (fh. U. S.) 
 Herbdi Anthos, have a fragrant, grateful smell ; 
 and an aromatic, warm, bitterish taste, which 
 is dependent upon an essential oil, . combined 
 with camphor. Rosemary has been recom- 
 mended in nervous headaches; in the form of 
 infusion; It is now rarely used, except for its 
 odour. The flower is called Anthos, av9oi. 
 Its oil — Oleum Rosmarini — is officinal. From 
 two to six or ten drops are given in nervous 
 complaints rubbed up with sugar. 
 
 RosMAKiNns Sylvestris, Ledum sylvestr*. 
 
 ROSSALIA, Scarlatina — r. Squamosa, Scar- 
 latina. 
 
 ROSSOLIO, see Spirit. ,' 
 
 ROSTRUM,. Rhinchos, Rinchos, Ramphos, 
 ' a beak.' (F.) Bee. A name given to several 
 old forceps, on account of their resemblance to 
 the beaks of different birds. The principal were 
 the Rostr;urri corvi'num, cmati*num, psittad'- 
 num, 'vulturi'num, cyg'nHi.'m vel olori'num, 
 grui'num, lacerti'num^ &c. 
 
 Rostrum Ex'jernum, Olecranon^ — r. Porci- 
 num. Acromion — r. Posterius, Olecranon — r. 
 Sphenoidale, Azyges^processus. 
 
 ROSY BUSH, Spirisa tomentosa— r. Drop, 
 Gutta rosea — r. Whelk, Gutta rosea. 
 
 ROT, Eructation — r.' Grinders', Asthma, 
 grindej-s'. 
 
 ROT'ACISM, Rotacism'us, Rhotads'mus, 
 Psellis'mus rhotads'mus, (F.) Grasseyem-ent. 
 A vicious pronunciation of the Greek, r, Rau, 
 common in thenorthernpartsof England; espe- 
 cially near Newcastle. 
 
 ROTACISMUS, Grasseyement. 
 
 ROTA'TOR, from rota, ' a wheel.' A name 
 giyen to several muscles that turn the parts 
 to which they are attached upon their axes ; — 
 such as, the oblique muscles of the eye, the 
 pronators and ^pinators, &c. . 
 
 Rotator, Trochanter. 
 
 ROTATORES FEMORIS, Obturatores— r. 
 Oculi, Oblique muscles of the eye. 
 
 ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscos— r. Genu, 
 Patella. 
 
 RO TITLE, Patella. 
 
 ROTUNDUS, Round. 
 
 ROTJCOU, Terra Orleana. 
 
 ROUEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
 water, known under the name, Eau des fon- 
 taines de la Mdreguerie, is cold, and contains 
 carbonate of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of 
 lime, chloride of calcium, &c. It is tonic. 
 
 ROUGE, Colcothar--r. D'Angleterre, Col- 
 cothap. 
 
 ROVGiOLE, Rubeola — r. Fausse, Rose- 
 olae. 
 
 ROUGH ROOT, Liatris. 
 
 ROUILL&, Rubiginous, 
 
ROUND 
 
 745 
 
 RUFT 
 
 ROUND, Teres^ Rotun'dus, (F.) Bond. Ana- 
 tomists have given this name to many organs 
 vvhoae fibres are collected in round fasciculi. 
 See, Teres. 
 
 Round Fosa'isien, Fora'men rotund'um. ^ A 
 foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind 
 the foramen laceram superius, which gives 
 passage to the second branch of the 5th pair of 
 nerves, called superior, maxillary. 
 
 Round Ligaments of the Vtervs,' Liga' 
 men'ta rotund'a U'peri, (F.) Cordons sus-pu- 
 biens, (Ch.), Cordons vasculaires, Idga/ments 
 ronds de I'uterus. Two cords, which arise 
 from the lateral and superior parts of the uteTus, 
 whence they proceed towards the abdominal 
 ringSj whiich they pass through, and terminate 
 by vanishing in the cellular tissue of the^groins, 
 mons veneris, and labia majora. These cords are 
 whitish, flattened, and narrower in the middle 
 than at the extremities. Their fibres ^^hich 
 are longitudinal, are (apparently albugineoua. 
 RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc. 
 RUBE'DO, Rubor. Redness; from rubers, 
 'to be red.' A diffused, but not spotted, red- 
 ness on any part of the skin; like that which 
 arises from blushing. , Blushing. ' 
 
 RUBEFA'CIEN-T, Erethis'ma, Erethis'ti- 
 cum, Rubefa'eiens, from rubens, 'red,' and 
 /(z'a'o, 'Imake.' (F.) Riibejiant. That which 
 produces redness. A medicine, which causes 
 redness of the skin. The action is called Rtibe- 
 faction. 
 
 RUB&FIANT, Rubefacient. 
 RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulgalns., from rubere, 
 ' to be red.' Rose'olXy Exantke^sis Rubeola, 
 Vetera'na, Blac'cice, Bovil'ltz, Mlorb^'l'li, Sear- 
 lati'na pustulo'sa, S . JiTilia'ri'Sy Febris Inorbillo'' 
 sa, Typhus •morbillosus, Phmnicis^tts, Ecphy/- 
 mata. Measles; (F.) Jiongeole, Fievre mofbil- 
 leuse. One of the major exanthemata ; gene- 
 rally affecting individuals but once, and pro- 
 duced by s]^cific contagrorr. The rash usually 
 appears on T.he 4th, but sometimes on the 3d, 
 5th, or 6th day of a febrile disorder; and, after 
 a continuance of four days, gradually declines 
 with the fever. The disease generally com- 
 mences from 10 to 14 clays after the contagion 
 has been received. The eruption first shows 
 itself in distinct, red, and nearly circular spots, 
 somewhat less than the ordinary areolae Of flea 
 bites. As these increase in number, they coa- 
 lesce; forming'small patches of an irregular figure, 
 but approaching nearest to that of semicircles 
 or crescents. These patches are intermixed 
 with single, circular dots and with interstices 
 of the natural colour of the skin. On the face 
 they are slightly raised, so as to give the sensa- 
 tion of inequality of surface to the finger passed 
 over the cuticle. The disappearance of the 
 eruption is followed by desquamation of the 
 cuticle. Measles is not dangerous of itself; 
 but it is apt to induce pneumonia in winter, 
 and dysentery in summer, which are, at times, 
 very fatal. These are apt to come on at the 
 time of, or soon after, the disappearance of the 
 eruption. "When they supervene, they must be 
 treated as idiopathic affections. It demands a 
 general antiphlogistic treatment. Willan has 
 pointed out a kind of Rubeola spu'kia, which 
 he calls Rubeola sine Ca!tae'kho. In this the 
 rash runs its regular course, with little fever 
 or catarrhal affection; affording no certain 
 security against the common or regular disease. 
 48 
 
 He also gives the name, Rubeola Nigra or 
 Black JWeasles, to an unusual appearante of 
 the measles about the 7th or 8th day, when the 
 rash becomes suddenly livid, with a mixture of 
 yellow. It is devoid of inconvenience or danger ; 
 and is removed in a week or ten days by the 
 mjneral acids and tonics. 
 RUBEOLA, Roseolas. 
 RU'EIA, R. Tincto'rum,,Erythrod'anwm, Rit^' 
 bia major,, Radix rubra, layer's Madder, Mad- 
 der, (F.) Garance. Family, Rubiaceae. Sex. 
 Syst.' Tetrandria Monogynia. The roots of this 
 plant have a bitterish, somewhat austere, taste ; 
 and a slight, not agreeable, smell. They w'ere 
 formerly considered deobstruent, detergent:, 
 and diuretic. 
 
 RUBIG"INOUS, Rubigino'sus, from rubiga, 
 'rust.'' (F.) Rowitlb: Rusty. Having the 
 colour of rust. An epithet given to the sputa 
 in certain cases of pneumonia. 
 
 RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax. 
 
 RUBOR, Rubedo. 
 
 RU'BRICA FABRI'LIS. . A red, lieavy, 
 earthy matter, formerly employed fbr making 
 drying plasters ; Hard Rtididle, Red Chalk. 
 
 RuBBicA Sinop'ica. A heavy, compact, 
 reddish earth : fortoerly used in diarrhcea. 
 
 RUBRIN, Hffimatin. 
 
 RUBUS ARC'TieUS. theShrubby Straw- 
 berry, Baccse l^orland'ica. Family, Rosaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The fruit is 
 recommended byXinnasus as possessing anti- 
 septic, refrigerant, and antiscorbutic qualities. 
 
 RuBtis' C/e'sius; the Deufberry plant, (F.) 
 Ronce bleue. The fruit resembles the black- 
 berry in appearance and properties. The bark 
 of the root of R. Trivia'lis, Americtiii Pew- 
 berry, is astringent. 
 
 RuBus Ch AM^EMo'Rus ; the Cloudberry Tree, 
 Chumsmo'ius, Cloudberries, Knot-berries, (F.) 
 Ronce de^ Montague. The ripe fruit is some- 
 times prepared like a jam, and used in fevers, 
 &c., to allay thirst. It has been much extolled 
 as an antiscorbutic. ■, 
 
 RuBus Feutico'sUs; the Common Bramble, 
 which affords Blackberries, (F.) Ronce noire. 
 The berries are eaten as a ' summer fruit, of 
 which they form a poor variety. The bark of 
 the root of the Rubus villa! aus, American Black- 
 berry, High or standing blackberry. Hairy 
 American Brojmble, is astringent, and has been 
 used in the last stages of dysentery, and in cho- 
 lera infantum; 
 
 RuBus Idje'us; Bc^tos, ^cno;; the Raspberry, 
 (F.) Framboise, Ronce, The fruit of the best 
 varieties is extremely agreeable ; and is much 
 used. It was, formerly, called Batinon moron. 
 
 RuBcs Tkivialis, see Rubus caesius — r. Vil- 
 losus, see Rubus fruticosus. 
 
 RUCTAMEN, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUATIO, Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation. 
 
 RUCTUS, Eructation— r. Acidus,, Oxyrfeg- 
 mia — r. Nidorosus, i Cnissoregmia. 
 
 RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabxilis. 
 
 RUE, Ruta — r . Common, Ruta — r. de Chevre, 
 Galega officinalis — r. Goat's, Galega oflicinalis 
 — r. Goat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana— r. 
 Meadow, Thalictron — r. des MuraUles, Asple- 
 nium ruta muraria — r. des Prh, Thalictron — 
 r, Sauvage, Ruta. 
 
 RUFT, Eructation. 
 
RUGA 
 
 746 
 
 RUYSCHIANA TUNICA 
 
 RUGA, Wrinkle. 
 
 RU6INB, Raspatorium. : . 
 
 RVaiSSEMENT, Rugitus. ,, " 
 "RGGl'TV^, BrycketK'mos, from rugire,rugi- 
 tum, ' to roar.' (F;) Rugissement. ■ A Latin- 
 word, which ordinarily expresses the roaring 
 of the lion : and which is used, by some medi- 
 cal writers, to designate a particular species of 
 borborygmus compared to iti 
 
 RUM, Tafia, Molas'ses Spirit. A spirit dis- 
 tilled from sugar, or molasses. • See Spirit. 
 RUMA, Mamma.' 
 RUMEN, Hypogastrium. 
 RUMEX ACETO'SA, Common Sorrel, 
 Ox'alis Aceto'sa, Acetosa vulga'ris. A, ^ra- 
 ten'sis, Andx'yris, A. arven'sis, Sqrrel, Sour 
 doc^, Acetosa nostras, (F.) Oseille, Family, 
 PolygoneEB, 'Seas. Syst. Hexandria Tfigynia. 
 The leav-es are sbur, and a):e used in cookery, 
 and also as a refrigerant. 
 
 Rtimex Aou'tus ; Sharp-pointed Wild dock, 
 Oxyldp'athtim, Lap'athiim, Rumex, Lap'athos, 
 (F.) Patience sauvage. The decoction of the 
 root has been long used in cutaneous affections. 
 It is, sometimes, employed for the ,cure of the 
 itch. ' 
 
 RuMEx Alpi'ntjs. The systematic name of 
 the plant that affords the Monk's Rhy,harb, (F.) 
 Rhabarbe des Moines. See Rumex patientia. 
 
 RuMEx AftuATicus, Rumex hydrolapathuin 
 ^r. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum — r. 
 Digynus, Oxyria reniformis. 
 
 RtiMEx Htdeolap'athum, Water-Dock, Hy- 
 drolapathum, B/imiex aqua^icus,Herba Britan'- 
 nica, Rumex Britan'nica, LapathuTn aguaticum, 
 (F.) Parelle, Patience d'eau. The leaves of 
 this plant are subacid, and said to be laxative. 
 The root has been used as a tonici astringent, 
 and antiscorbutic." It has also been employed 
 externally in some cutaneotts -Affections. 
 
 RuMex O-etusifo'lius, BlunS-leaved Dock. 
 The root of this as well «s of R. erispus, has 
 similar virtues to that 'of the other species. 
 
 Rumex Patien'tia, Rhabar'barum mona- 
 cko'rttm, Hippolap'athuni, Patientia,^ Garden 
 Patience, Moiik's Rhubarb, (S.)Patience. This 
 root, which is supposed'to possess the virtues of 
 rhubarb, but in an inferior degree, according 
 to Linnaeus, is obtained from the Rumex pa- 
 tientia; according to Murray, from the Rumex 
 Alpirins. 
 
 Rumex Sanguin'eus; The root of the bloody 
 dock has an austere and astringent taste; and 
 has been employed in dysentery. It is called, 
 also, Lap'athum sanguin'evm, (F.) Oseille ou 
 Patience Rouge, Sangdragon. 
 
 Rumex Souta'^us, French Sor-rel,Ahtosa/o- 
 tundifo'lia, A. Roma'na', A. Rotiindifolia hor- 
 ten'sis, Roman or Garden Sorrel, Ghen Sauce, 
 (F.) Oseille boucher, Oseille ronde. Petite O. 
 Virtue? the same as those of the common sorrel. 
 
 KOMlNA'TlONfRumina'tio, from ruma or 
 ramere, ' the gullet.' , Merpcis'mus. A function 
 peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they 
 chew a second .time the food they have swal- 
 lowed. An analogous phenomenon is sometimes 
 seen in man. 
 
 RUMP,- Croupion — r. Bone, Coccyx. 
 
 RUNCINA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUNCINULA, Raspatorium. 
 
 RUNNET, Rennet. 
 
 RUNNING, Cursus, (F.) Course. A suc- 
 cession of leaps, executed with rapidity, to 
 
 transport the body quickly from one place to 
 another. ' 
 
 RUNUNCULA, Raspatorium. 
 RUPES, Lips of the Vulya. 
 RU'PIA, Ulcus ato'n'iciim, Ecphly'sis Hky'- 
 pia, Rhypa'ria, from gtiyros, 'filth.' An erup- 
 tion of large flattish blebs, which cdntain a 
 fluid — at first serolis, afterwards puriforro, and 
 often bloody, whi6h rapidly toncreles into 
 crusts, at the base of which are ulcers of va- 
 riable depths. 
 
 It requires the use of tonics internally, and 
 of stimulating ointments externally. 
 RUPTIBILITAS, Fragilitas. 
 RUPTIO,. Rhexis. 
 
 RUPTORIUM, Cauterium— r, Commune, 
 Pofassa fusa. ' 
 
 RUPTURA, Edrexis, Hernia, Laceration, 
 Rhexis — r.CorneaB, Ceratorrhexis — r. Herniosa, 
 Hernia — r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis — r. Uteri, 
 Uterus, rupture of the^r. Vaginae, Colpor- 
 rhexis. • • , ' ' 
 
 RUPTURE, -Hernia, Rhexis— »;. du Cmir, 
 Cardiorrhexis — r. of the Groin, Bubonocele — r. 
 de la Matrice, Uterus, rupture of the — r. Wort, 
 Herriiaria glabra. 
 RUPTURED, see Hernial. 
 RUSCUS, i?. aculea'tus^ Bruscus, Oxymyr- 
 rhini, Oxymyrsine, Myrtaican'tha, Catan'gelos, 
 Myacan'tha,Sco'pia re'gia,WiM Myrtle,Centro- 
 myrine. Butcher's Broom, (F.) Petit houx, Fra- 
 gon. Family, Smilaceae. ^ Sex. Syst. Didecia 
 Monadelphia.' The root has been recommend- 
 ed as an aperient and diuretic?-. 
 RusCUS ACULEATUS, Ruscus. 
 Rusous Hypoblos'sum ; TTvula'ria, Sypoglos- 
 siim.,Bislin'gua,Bonifa'cia,LaurusAlexandri'- 
 na angustifo'lia, (F.) Laurier^ Alexandrin. 
 Formerly used against relaxed uvula. 
 
 RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus 
 odoratus. - ' 
 
 RUSMA, see Orpiraent. i, 
 
 RUSPI'NI'S TINCTURE FOR THE 
 TEETH. An empirical preparation, composed 
 of Florentine orris ^viij, cloves 5j, reetifie/i 
 spirit Oij, ambergris P|j. It is said to contain 
 gallic acid, Eind has been given in hasmaturia. 
 RUT, Heat. 
 
 RUT A, Ruta graveolens , R. horten'sis,JCom- 
 mon Rue, Peg'anum., Besa'sa, (F.) Rue, Rhtif, 
 Rue sauvage. Family, Rutaceae. Sex. Syxt. 
 Decandria Monogynia. The plant has a strong, 
 ungrateful odour,< and bitter pungent taste. 
 It is acrid, so as to blister the skin. Its pro- 
 perties are reputed to be tonic, stimulant, anti- 
 spasmodic, and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv. 
 
 Oleum Rutae, distilled Oil of Rtie,is antispas- 
 modic; and, externally, rubefacient. Dosp, 
 g". ij to vj. 
 
 Ruta/Capraria, Galega officinalis — r. Mu- 
 raria, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 RUTABULUM, Penis. 
 
 RUTA'CEUM, from iJwto,' rue.' Vinegar 
 o' rue.' 
 
 RUTIDOMA, see Rutidosis. 
 
 RUTIDO'SIS, Rytido'sis, Rhytido'sis, from 
 ^vriSoia, '\ wrinkle.' The, act of -wrinkling; 
 as Rutidoma means a shrivelled or wrinkled 
 body. A destruction or atrophy of the eye. 
 Corrugation and subsidence of the cornea. 
 
 RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou 
 Membrane Rvyschienne. According to Ruyach 
 
RYE 
 
 747 
 
 SACCHARUM 
 
 and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid 
 eoat of the eye is formed of two laminae. His son 
 gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyschia'na 
 or Memhra'na Ruyschia'na seu Ruysck'ii. 
 
 Tu'hica Cellulo'sa Ruyschia'na is the cellular 
 •uhstance under the peritoneal covering of the 
 
 stomach. It is not numher^d among the coats 
 of that organ. 
 
 RYE, Secale— r. Horned, Ergot— r. Spurred, 
 Ergot. 
 
 ■RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
 
 RYTIS, Wrinkle. 
 
 S. 
 
 S. A. &c., see Ahhreviation. 
 
 SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Ve- 
 ratrina. 
 
 SABADILLIN, see Veratrina. 
 
 SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SABBATIA, CliiTonia angularis — s. AngUr 
 laris, Chironia angularis. 
 
 SABINA, Junipexus sabina. 
 
 SABINE, Juniperns sabina. 
 , SABL£,Maculo's'us,'sax\&eA..' Havmg the 
 appearance as if stewed with sand. Tlie terms 
 sable a.nA piqueti are sometimes applied to the 
 brain, when a slice of it exhibits red points as 
 If it had been strev^ed with red sand. Such is 
 the case in cerebral hyperaBmia;- 
 
 SABOT DE V£NUS JAITNE, Cyprlpe- 
 dium luteum.- 
 ■ SABUCUS, Sambticus. i 
 
 SAB'CJLOUS, Sabulo'sus, Arena' sus, Psam- 
 mo'des. The sandy deposit often seen in the 
 urine. 
 
 SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland. 
 
 SABURA, Saburra. 
 
 SABUR'RA, Sahu'rd, Sordes. This word 
 signifies by derivation, coarse sand, or ballast. 
 In its common acceptation, it means foulness 
 of the stomach, as it is sometimes called; — 
 vitiated matters supposed to he retained and 
 accumulated in the stomach — the result of im- 
 perfect digestion — and which have been some- 
 times considered as a morbid product of the 
 mucous secretion of that organ, or of the biliary 
 secretion ; at others, as a residuum from ali- 
 mentary substances badly digested. The Sa- 
 iurral state, Collu'vies gas'trica, Crudita'tes 
 ventric'uli, Gastris'mus, (F.) Em-harras gas- 
 trique, Etat sabtcrral, is an accumulation of sa- 
 burras, (F.) Saburres gastriques, in the stomach, 
 which the Humourists considered to bte the cause 
 of a number of diseases. 
 
 Sabceea VeeminOsa,' Helminthiasis. 
 ' SABURRATIO, Arenatio. 
 
 SABURRES GASTRIQUES, see Saburra. 
 
 SAC HERNIAIRE, Hernial sac. 
 
 SACCATUSr Encysted. 
 
 SACCHAR, Saccharum. 
 
 SACCHARINA, Saccharoles. 
 
 SACCIIAROL£S (F.), SacchaH'na. A 
 name given by MM. Heniy and Guibourt to 
 medicines which have sugar or honey for exci- 
 pient, or for predominant principle. 
 
 SACCHAROMYCES, Torula cerevisis. 
 
 SACCHARORRHCEA, Glycyrrhoea— s. Cu- 
 tanea, Sudor dulcis. 
 
 Saccharoeeh(e'a ljAC'TEA,Galactorrhce'a sac- 
 thara'ta. A secretion of unusually sweet 
 milk. 
 
 SaCCHAEOREHCEA PnLMONA'LIS,S^K*!<jn dulci 
 seu sacchara'tiim. The copious expectoration of 
 anusually sweet matter from the lungs. 
 
 Saocharoerh(ea Ueinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 SACCHARUM, SaccAar. From the Arab- 
 ic, or rather Sanscrit, Sa-kar, ' white earth >' 
 Suchar, Succha'h, Sutter, Zuchar, Zu'caro, As'- 
 sakur, Tigala, Zae'chatum, Zozar,Zu'charum, 
 Zuc'carum, Zuchra, Mel arwndina'eewm,Sugar, 
 (F.) Sucre. iThe produce of the juice of the 
 Sac'charUm o^dna'rum vel o^dnale of Lin- 
 naeus, {Cafamus In'dicus,Cal'amus Sacehari'- 
 nus. Sugar Cam«, (F.) Canne a Sucre, Canno- 
 melle; the Arun'do saccharif era of Sloane. 
 Family, Gramifteae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Di- 
 gynia) and also of the beet, rhaple, &c. 
 
 True Sugars are those with which alcoholic 
 fermentation may be effected, by the addition of 
 yeast and water. They are : — 
 
 Species. 
 
 I , • Varieties. 
 
 Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet,. 
 
 chestnut, &c. 
 Liquid sugiir, sugar of malt, of the' 
 
 sweet potato, molasses, honey, &c. 
 Hard sugar of the grape, ripe fruits,. 
 
 starch, diabetes, &c. 
 Hard sugar of the^ mushroom. 
 
 2. . . 
 
 3. . . 
 
 4. . . 
 
 Imperfect sugars are those in which alcoholic 
 fermentation cannot 'be, effected by means of 
 yeast and water. 
 
 Species. Varieties. 
 
 1. . . . , Manna. 
 
 2. . . . . Sugar of Milk. 
 
 3. . . . .Sugar of jelly or glue (g'e^afs'n.) 
 4 Liquorice. 
 
 5.'. . . . Picromel. 
 
 Sugar is prepared from the ejfpressed juice 
 of the sugar cane, boiled with the addition of 
 quicklime or common vegetable alkali. It is 
 used, in pharmacy, for the preparation of sy- 
 rups, conserves, lozenges, &c. It is very nutri- 
 tious, and is employed as an aliment, and as, a 
 demulcent and antiseptic. Dissolved in small 
 quantities in water, as in tea, it is apt to dis4 
 gree with dyspeptics ; an evil which does not 
 always occur when the same substance is 
 taken more largely. 
 
 SacOhaetjm Acee'hum, S. Canaden'se, Ma- 
 ple Sugar, is often used as a demulcent, 
 
 Sac'charUm Ai,bvm, S. purijica'tum:, Saccha- 
 rum (Ph. U. S.), White Sugar, Reji'ned Sugar, 
 Sal Indus, is the' Loaf Sugar. Double-refined 
 Sugar has been called Tabdrzet. 
 
 Saccharum Can'oidum, S. candum seu can- 
 turn seu canthum, Al'phenic, Nabot, Sugar can- 
 dy, (F.) Sucre Candi, is the crystallized juice 
 of the cane. 
 
 Saccharum Candum, S. ' Candidum — s. Can- 
 tum, S. Candidum— s. Canthum, S. Candidum 
 — s. Commune, Saccharum non-purificatum. 
 
 Sacohaeum Hoedea'tum Barley Sugar, Fe- 
 
SACCULI ADIPOSI 
 
 748 
 
 SACROILIAC 
 
 nides, Fenid'iwm, Sae'charum peni^'ittm, is a 
 variety of sugar candy. 
 
 Saochae-um LaotiS) Sugar of mili. 
 
 SacCharum Nom-Pdeifioa'Tum, Museova'doi 
 yaw or brown or ■moist sugar ^ is the S. comrnu'^ 
 tie, iS. rubrump Mel cannesj or coarse sugar. 
 
 Sacchaeum Offioinaeum, see Saccharum — 
 s. Penidium, Hordeatum- — s. Rosaceum, Con- 
 fectio rosae gallicse — s. Saturni, Plumbi super- 
 
 SACCULI ADIPOSI, Fatty vesicles— s. La- 
 ryngeij Ventricles of the larynx. 
 
 Sao'culi 'Medicina'les. Bags containing 
 medicinal substances. 
 
 Saoouli Meduixaees, see MfeduUary mem- 
 brane. 
 
 SAO'cnLus, diminutive of saccus, ' a little 
 sac' This name has been- given to two sacs 
 formed by the membranous vestibule, v?hich 
 open into each other, and contain the otolitkes 
 and o^ocomes;", one of these is termed liie ^accw- 
 lus vestib'uli, the other aacculus. See Semicir- 
 cular canals. 
 
 ' Saccumts, Marsupion — s. Cephaliciis, Cucu- 
 pha — s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Receptaculum 
 c.hyli — s. Cordis, Pericardium — s. EUipticus, 
 see Semicircular canals — s. Medicinalis, Pulvi- 
 nar medicatum— s. Sphericus, see Semicircular 
 canals — s. Vestibiili, Semicircular canals. 
 
 SACCUS, Sac — s. Coli, Ctecum — s. Cordis, 
 Pericardium — s. Herriiosus, Hernial sac — s. 
 Epiploicus, Epiploon-'-s. Intestini crassi, Cee- 
 cum — s. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal sac — s. La- 
 crumalis, Lachrymal sac — S. Lacteus, Recep- 
 taculum chyli — s. Mucosus, see Bursas mucosae 
 ^-s. Pleurae, Pleura — s. V^narum cavaTum, Si- 
 nus dexter cordis — s. Venarum pulmonalium. 
 Sinus pulmonalls. 
 
 SACER, Sacral— s. Ignis, Herpes zoster — s. 
 Morbus, Epilepsy — s. Musculus, Transversalis 
 ■dorsi. 
 
 SACERDOS PENIS, Arum maculatum. 
 
 SACHET (F.), Sac'eulus, ' a bag.' A small 
 bag containing perfumes to be placed among 
 •clothes to communicate to them an agreeable 
 odour. The foUovping is a formula for the pow- 
 der they contain. Powdered doves and pow- 
 dered cassia^ each one ounce f powdered orris 
 root, an ounce and a half; powdered yellow san- 
 dal wood, one drachm; otto of rose*,' twenty- 
 four drops; oil of lavender, oil of bergamot, 
 each one drachm; musk, six gi'ains. 
 
 SACK. A wine used by our ancestors ; V'in 
 sec. Probably Sherry. 
 
 Sack, Saccus, Secluso'rium; Sax. j-ac. A 
 mg or pouch. 
 
 Sack, Hee'nial, Saccus kernio'sus, (F.) Sac 
 herniaire. An envelope or pouch, formed by 
 the serous membrane of the cavity, whence a 
 viscus has escaped. We distinguish, in a her- 
 nial sac, its orifice or the opening by which it 
 communicates with the great cavity lined by 
 the serous membrane: its cervix or neck, (F.) 
 Collet, the narrow portion on the outside of the 
 orifice, where strangulation sometimes' occurs: 
 the body, (F.) Corps, which is the round promi- 
 nent part; and ^e fundus or bottom, — the part 
 opposite to the orifice. 
 
 Sack, Siseotjs. The shut cavity formed by 
 any serous membrane, as by the pleura or pe- 
 ritoneum. 
 
 SACRA FISTULA, Vertebral column. 
 
 §ACRAL, Saoer, (F.) Saeri. That which 
 
 belong* or relates- to the sacrum. A name 
 given to several parts. 
 
 ■ Sackal Aeteries are difitinguished into 1. 
 The anterior or middle sacrai. Median Artery 
 ,of the Sacrum of Chaussier,^ which arises from 
 the posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in 
 front of the 4 th lumbar vertebra. It descends, 
 in a terpentine manner, upon the sacrO-vertebral 
 articulation, and on the anterior surface of the 
 sacrum. It furnishes many lateral branches, 
 which unite with the lateral sacral arteries, and 
 enter the anterior sacral foramina, to be dis- 
 tributed to the membranes of the marrow, &c. 
 2. The lateral sacral arteries, which are two in 
 number; one on each side., They arise from 
 the hypogastric, from the ilio-lumbar, or from 
 the gluteal ; and descend before the anterior 
 sacral foramina, anastomosing in an arched 
 manner, towards the coccyx,' with the middle 
 sacral. They give ofi", external and posterior 
 branches, which enter the sacral foramina; and 
 interrtal branches, which are distributed to the 
 pyramidalis, sacrum, &c. 
 
 Saceal Geooves, (F.y Gouttihres sacree^. 
 Two longitudinal excavations, slightly marked, 
 at the'postsrior surface of the sacrum; which 
 appear to terminate the vertebral groovea or 
 gutters. 
 
 Sacral Neeves, (F.) Nerfs sacres, ar^ ge- 
 nerally six in aumber. They arise from the 
 termination of the spinal marroTv. The .first, 
 united with the great cord which descends from 
 the lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others 
 in the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus. 
 The third and fourth,>with brah(!hes of the great 
 sympathetic, form the hypogastric plexus. The 
 fifth and sixth are distributed to the ischio- 
 coccygeus muscle, and to the sphincter and le- 
 vator ani. 
 
 Saceal Plexus, Sciat'ie plexus,— the sacral 
 portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con- 
 stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front of 
 the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, two 
 branches, called the pudic, (F.) honteux, and 
 the lesser sciatic. It terminates in the great 
 sciatic nerve. 
 
 SACR&, Sacral. 
 
 SACROCOC C YGE 'AL, Sacro-coecygeut. 
 Relating to> the sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 Saceococctge'al Articula'tIoh is that of 
 the lower extremity of the sacrum with the su- 
 perior facette of the coccyx. It is closed by 
 two' ligaments ; — an anterior and a posterior sa- 
 cro-coccygeal, 
 
 SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis— s. Fe- 
 moral, Glutaeus major. 
 
 SACROCOXAL'GIA, from sacrum, 'the os 
 sacrum,' coaa, 'the hip,' and aiyos, 'pain;' a 
 hybrid term. Some authors have fcalled thus 
 -a rheumatic affection of the sacro-iliac sym- 
 physis. 
 
 SACROIL'IAC, Sacro-ili'acus. That which 
 relates to the sacrum and ilium. 
 
 Sacroiliac Articula'tion, Sym'phtsis, or 
 Synchowdro'sis, Ilio-sacral articula'tion, sym- 
 physis or synchondrosis, is the union of two 
 surfaces ; — two inclined planes, broader above 
 than below; one formed by the sacrum, the 
 other by the ilium. Both surfaces are incrusted 
 by an articular cartilage. The bands which 
 strengthen them are the two sacro-sciatic liga- 
 ments, the sacrospinal^ a sacro-iliac ligament, 
 and some irregular fibres. The sacro-iliae li- 
 
SACROISCHIATICUS 
 
 749 
 
 SAFFRON 
 
 gament is a very thick assemblage of short, 
 dense, irregular fibres, occupying the space 
 which the sacrum and ilium leave between 
 them, behind their articular surface. Some au- 
 thors hEive termed some irregular fibres, feituate 
 in front of the sacro-iliac articulation, anterior 
 sacro-iliac- ligainsnts, in opposition to the pre- 
 ceding fasciae, which they call poattrior sacro- 
 iliac, 
 
 SACROISCHIATICfUS, Sacro-sciatic. , 
 
 SACROLOMBAIRE, Sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROLUMBAR, Saero-lumba'lis, Sacro- 
 lombaire. That which belongs to the sacrum 
 and loins. 
 
 Sacroltjmbae, SaerO-lwmia'lis, Sacro-lum- 
 hd'ris Muscle^ Sacro-costa'liS) Dorso-trache'- 
 lian portion of the Sacrospinal' of Chaussieur, 
 (F.) Lomho-co^to-trachelien, Sacro-lbmhaire, is 
 seated at the posterior part of the trunk; is 
 , thick and triangular below ; flat and thin in the 
 remainder, and terminates in a point at its up- 
 per extremity. It is attached to the posterior 
 surface of the sacrum ; to the corresponding 
 portion of the crista ilii ; to the extremities of 
 the transverse processes of the lumbar verte- 
 bra ; to the angles of the eleven inferior ribs ; 
 to the tuberosity of the first, and the posterior 
 tubercle of the transverse processes of the last 
 five cervical vertebree. The sacro-lumbalis 
 straightens the- vertebral column when bent 
 forwards, and maintains it straight. By means 
 of its insertion into the ribs, it can elevate or 
 depress these bones, according as it contracts 
 firom above to below, or from below to above. 
 It acts, consequently, -sometimes as an inspira- 
 tory, at others as an expiratory muscle. 
 
 From six or eight of the lower rjbs arises an 
 equal number of flfeshy portions,' which termi- 
 nate, at the inner side of this muscle, and are 
 called Mus'euli Accessor'ii vel Additamen'tu^i 
 ad Sacrd-liimba'lem, (F.) Accessoires duSacro- 
 lomhaire. 
 
 From the upper part of the sacro-lumbalis, a 
 fleshy slip, called Cervica'lis de&een'dens, Cervi- 
 calis descendens Diemerhroeck^ii, Transversa'lis 
 collatera'lis colli) Accesso'rius ad Sacro-lwmba- 
 lem, (F.) Transversaire grUc, runs up, to be fixed 
 to the transverse procfesses of the 4th, 5th, and 
 6th cervical vertebras, by three distinct tendoiis. 
 These last parts, though separated by some 
 anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SAC^O^ClKT''lC,Sacro-ischiat'iims. That 
 which belongs to the sacrum and ischium. 
 
 Sacrosciatic Lisaments are twoligaments, 
 which assist in securing the sacro-iliac articu- 
 lation. The great oj posterior sacro-sciatic liga- 
 ment extends from the drista ilii and the sides 
 of the sacrum and coccyx tfo the tuberosity of 
 the ischium. The less ox anterior sacro-sciatic 
 ligament arises from the same point, and termi- 
 nates in the spine of the ischium. 
 
 SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion 
 of the sacro-lumbalis. 
 
 SACROSPINA'LIS. That which relates to 
 the sacrum and spine. Under this name, C haus- 
 sier describes the sacro-lumbalis, longissiiiius 
 dorsi, transversalis, transverso-spinalis, and in- 
 tertransversalis. He divides it into three por- 
 tions. 
 
 SACROTROCHANTiRIEN,7ji3.mi&i!\is. 
 
 SACROVERTEBRAL, Saoro-vertebra'lis. 
 That which relates to the sacrum and the ver- 
 tebrae. 
 
 Saoroveiitebeal Aeticulation is the junc- 
 tion of the last vertebrae of the loins with the 
 sacrum. The angle which these two bones 
 form at the anterior part has been call^ed the 
 Prom'ontory of the Sacrum, or the ^acro-verte- 
 bral Angle. 
 
 Saceoveetebeal Ligament is a strong liga- 
 ment, which passes from the anterior part of 
 each of the transverse processes of the., last 
 lumbar vertebra to be attached to the base of 
 the sacrum. Its use is to maintain the. articu- 
 lation of those two bones in situ. 
 
 SACRUM, Os sacrum, Os basila're, Os Ala- 
 gas, Os latum, Os elun'ium, Yer'tebra magria, 
 Albagiazi', Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunis, Subver'tehra, 
 Subver'tebrvm, Yefula; from, sacer, 'sacred;' 
 because it contributes to protect the genital 
 organs, which were considered sacred, or be- 
 cause it was offered in sacrifice. The bone, 
 which forms the posterior part of the pelvis, 
 and is a continuation of the vertebral column. 
 The sacrum is symmetrical and triangular, 
 situate at the posterior part of the pelvis, and 
 concave anteriorly. It has, — 1 . A pelvic or an- 
 terior surface, which corresponds to the pelvic 
 cavity, and has four transverse furrows, that 
 point out the parts where the primitive portions 
 of the bone were separated frona each other. 
 Oh each side there are four foramina, called 
 anterior sacral; these are oblique, and decrease 
 in size, from above downwards. Through these 
 pass'the anterior branches of the 'sacral nerves. 
 2. A spinal ox posterior surface, which is convex, 
 rodgh, and covered by muscles. Upon the me- 
 ,dian line are four horizontal, tubercular emi- 
 nences, forming a continuation of the spinous 
 processes of the vertebrae; atid below, a trian- 
 gulai notch, where the sacral candl terminates. 
 On each side of the surface are four foramina, 
 called posterior sacral, which are smaller than 
 the anterior, and give passage to the posterior 
 branches of the sacral nerves. 3. The lierte- 
 brai surface or base. Its greatest extent is 
 transversely. It is articulated with the last 
 lulnbar vertebra. On it we see the orifice of 
 the sacral canal, of a triangular shape, which 
 decrfeases in width from above downward; 
 terminates the vertebral canal ; is lined by a 
 prolongation of the cerebral membranes ; con- 
 tains the fasciculi of the sacral nerves; com- 
 municates, externally, by the Sacral foramina : 
 and terminates at the triangular notch on the 
 posterior Surface of the bone. At the sides of 
 the upper orifice of the sacral canal are two 
 articular processes, which receive the articu- 
 lar processes of the last lumbar vertebra. The 
 projection formed by the union of the base of 
 t.he sacrum with the last lumbar vertebra, is 
 called the Prom'ontory, Promonto'ritim Ossis 
 sacri. Greater angle of the Sacrum or Sacro- 
 v'eriebral Angle. -4. A coccygeal face or apex, 
 (F.) Face coccygienne ou Sommet, "which is 
 very narrow, and is articulated with the coccyx. 
 .5. Two lateral margins, which have, above, a 
 broad oblique surface, articulated with the 
 iliuin. 
 
 The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points 
 of ossification. 
 
 SADDLE, TURKISH, Sella Turcica. 
 
 S.EPES, Sepes. 
 
 SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 
 SAFFRON, Crocus— s. Bastard, Carthamus 
 tinctorius — s. Flower, Carthamus tinctoWus — 
 
SAFRAN bAtARD 
 
 750 
 
 SAL 
 
 s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius — s. Meadow, 
 Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 SAFRAN bATARD, Carthamus tinctorius, 
 Colchicum autumnale — s. des Indes, Curcuma 
 longa— ^i. de Mars aperitif, Ferri subcarbonas 
 — s. de Mars astringent, Colcothar — s. des 
 Prh, Colchicum autumnale — *.. Racine de. 
 Curcuma longa. 
 
 SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinctorius. 
 
 SAFRE, Smalt. 
 
 SAGA, Sago. . 
 
 SAGAPE'NUM, Sag'apin, Serapi'non, (F.) 
 Gomme siraphique. A gum-resin, supposed to 
 be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sica. Family, 
 Umbelliferffi. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 Its odour is fetid and alljaceous ; taste pungent, 
 bitterish, nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated 
 masses of i. yellow colour ; tenacious j breaking 
 with a horny fracture. It is a reputed anti- 
 spasmodic and emmenagogue. DoSe, gr. x to 
 ,^ss. ' ■ 
 
 SAGAPIN, S'agapenum. 
 
 Sage, Salvla^^s. Indian, Eupatorium per- 
 foliatum — s. Jerusalem, Pulmonaria — s. Tree, 
 Lantana. 
 
 SAGE-FEMME, Midwife. 
 
 SAGENA, Epiploon. 
 
 SAGESSE-DES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym- 
 brium Sophia. 
 
 SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda, subcarbonate of. 
 
 SAGIT'TAL, Sagitta'lis, Sagitta'tus, from 
 sagitta, ' an arrow.' 
 
 Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove, (F,) 
 Gouttiire sagittate, is a channel on the median 
 line of the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is 
 excavated in the os frontis, in the two parietal 
 and occipital bones, aftd extends from the crista 
 galli to the internal occipital protuberance. Jt 
 lodges the longitudinal sinus, which has been 
 called the sagittal sinus. 
 
 Sagittal Suture, Obetce'a sutu'ra, O. Raphe, 
 Sutura Virga'ta, S. juga'lis, S. RabdoVdes, 
 Rhabdoi'des, Rhabdo'dis^ Rhabio.ideus seu Bi- 
 parieta'lis. -The suture which unites the two 
 parietal bones, and which extends, from before 
 to behind, 6n the median Ijne, from the coronal 
 suture to the lambdoidal. It is so called, from 
 sagitta, ' an arrow,' because it seems to meet 
 the coronal suture as an arrow meets the string 
 of a bow. 
 
 SAGITTA-RIUM ALEXIPHAR'MACUM, 
 Malao'csB Radix, Canna . In'dica, Arun'do In-, 
 dica. A root cultivated in the West Indies, 
 and supposed to be a remedy for wounds by 
 poisoned arrows. 
 
 SAGITTATUS, Sagittal. 
 
 SAGQ, Sffig-MS, Saga, Sagu, Segu, (F.) Sa- 
 gou, Sague. A fecula, obtained ftom.the pith 
 of the Sagiis Rumph'ii, growing in the Moluc- 
 cas, Philippine isles, &c., and which is brought 
 to us in small grains. The same substance is, 
 also, obtained from the West Indies, but it is 
 inferior to that from the East. By boiling in 
 water or milk, sago becomes soft and transpa- 
 rent, and form's an agreeable and nutritious food 
 in febrile, calculous, and other disorders. It is 
 made palatable by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine, 
 where the last is not contra-indicated. 
 
 Sago, French, see Solanum tuberosum, and 
 Arrowroot, common — s. Portland Island, see 
 Arum maculatum. 
 
 SAGOU, Sago. 
 
 SAGU, Sago. 
 
 SAGUE, Sago — s. Petit, see Solanum tube- 
 rosum. 
 
 SAGUS, Sago — s. Rumphii, see Sago. 
 
 SAHARA, Insomnia. 
 
 ^AIGNiE, Blood-letting—*. Spoliative, Spo- 
 liativa phlebotomia. 
 
 SAIGNEMENT DU NET, Epistaxis. 
 
 SAILORS, DISEASES, &c.,:OF. Sailors, 
 by nature ' of their occupation, are liable to 
 many diseases. Several of these may, however, 
 be warded off by proper attention to cleanliness 
 andventilation. 
 
 SAIN BOIS, Daphne' gnidium — s. Doux, 
 Adeps prffiparata. 
 
 SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Sulphuretted waters, in the department 
 Du Nord, France. They contain carbonic and 
 sulphohydric acids. The Borne or deposit con- 
 tains sulphohydric acid, and salts of iron and 
 malgnesia. Temperature, 64° to 8a°, Fahr. 
 
 SAINT AUGUSTINE, CLIMATE OF. 
 This sea^port of Florida is a frequent retreat 
 during the winter season for. the valetudinarian 
 from the more northern parts of the United 
 States. The climate is certainly comparatively 
 mild and equable; but it is liable to frequent 
 north-east storms. There are only a few days, 
 however, in the winter, in which the invalid 
 cannot take exercise in the open air. Tampa 
 Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida; and Mohile, in 
 Alabama, which are sometimes visited by the 
 consumptive, are less liable <to the storms in 
 question. ^ 
 
 Saint CHARLES'S root, Carlo sancto 
 (Radix.) 
 
 SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz. 
 
 SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio JaCobsea. 
 
 SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, danc- 
 ing — St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. 
 
 SAINT KITTS, see West Indies. 
 
 SAINT LEONARD'S, CLIMATE OF. 
 This place, which is situate about a mile to the 
 westward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is 
 less sheltered than it, and is therefore a less 
 favourable retreat, during the wii^ter months, 
 for the phtliisical valetudinarian. 
 
 SAINT MYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Some cold, acidulous waters at Samt Myon, 
 near Riora, in the department of Puy-de^Dome. 
 They contain free carbonic acid, subcarbonate 
 of soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate and 
 sulphate of lime. 
 
 SAINT NECT AIRE, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de- 
 Dome, France. They contain carbonic acid, 
 bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium. 
 Temperature, 75° to 103°, Fahr. 
 
 SAINT PARDAUX, MINERAL WATERS 
 0F> Chalybeate springs in the department of 
 Allier, France. They contain carbonic acid 
 and iron. 
 
 SAINT SAUVEUR, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Sulphurous waters in the department of 
 Hautes-Pyrenees, France. Temperature, 76° 
 to 93°, Fahr. 
 
 SAINT VINCENT'S, see West Indies. 
 
 SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see 
 Mania, dancing— s. Vitus's Dance of the Voice, 
 Balbuties. 
 
 SAIRE, Essera. 
 
 SAL, Salt— s.AbsinthiijPotassae subcarbonas, 
 see Potash — s. Acetosellffi, Potass, oxalate of— 
 s. Acetosns ammoniacalis, Liquor ammoniae 
 
SALAAM CONVULSION 
 
 751 
 
 SALIVANS 
 
 acetatis^-s. Acidum benzoes, Bejijatnin — s.J^.1- 
 bu8,Soda,muriate of — s. Alembrolh, Alembroth 
 salt— s. Alkali, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Al- 
 kalinus fixus fossilis, Soda — s. Amarum, Mag- 
 nesias sulphas — s. Amtnoniac, volatile, Ammo- 
 niee carbonas — s. Ammoiiiacum, Ammoniae 
 murias — s. Ammoniacum martiale, Ferrum 
 ammoniatum — s. Ammoniacum secretum Glau- 
 beri, Ammonioe sulphas — s. Ammoniacum tar- 
 tareum, Ammonis tartras^s. Ammoniacum 
 vegetabile. Liquor ammoniae acetatis — s. Am- 
 moniaeiis nitrosus, Ammoniae nitras — s. Ammo- 
 niae, Ammoniae murias — s. Anglicanum, Magne- 
 E iffi sulphas — s. Antiepilepticus of Weiss.nian, Cu- 
 prum ammoniatum — s. Antimoriii, Antimonlum 
 tartarizatum — s. Ammoniacum, Ammonia! mu- 
 rias — s. Artis, Alembroth salt — s. Asphaltitis, 
 Bit noben — s. Cathaiticus amarus, Magnesia 
 stilphas^s. Catharticua Glauberi, Soda, sulphate 
 of — s. Communis, Soda, muriate of—- s. Cornu 
 cervi volatile, Ammoniae carbonas — s. Culinaris, 
 Soda, muriate-of — s. Digestivus Sylvii, PotassiB 
 murias — s. Diureticus, Fotassas acetas — s. de 
 duobus, Potassae sulphas — s. Ebsdamense, Mag- 
 nesias sulphas — s.Enixum, Potassae supersulphas 
 s. Epsomensis, Magnepise sulphas^s. Essen- 
 tiale Bfenzoes, Benjamin — s. Febrifugus of Le- 
 mery, Potassae siipersulphas — s. Febrifugus 
 Sylvii, Potassae murias — s. f'ontium, Soda, mu- 
 riate of — s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate of — s. Fuli- 
 ginis, Ammoniae carbonas; — s. Gemmae, Soda, 
 muriate of — s. Herbarum, Potassae subcarbonas 
 — s. Indus, Saccharum album^s. Lixiviosum, 
 see Lixivium — s. Lucidum, Soda, muriate of — 
 s. Marinas, Soda, muriate of — s. Martis, Ferri 
 sulphas — s., Martis muriaticum sublimatum, 
 Ferrum ammoniatum^s. .Mirabile perlatum. 
 Soda, phosphate of — s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda, 
 sulphate of — s. Muriaticum baroticum, Baryta, 
 muriate of— s. Nitrum, Potassae nitras — s. Os- 
 sium, AmmoniEE cajbouas— 's. Panchrestum, 
 l^otassae tairtras — s. Petrae, Potassae nitras — s. 
 Tartarum, Pojassse subcarbonas — s. Plumbi, 
 Plumbi superacetas — s. Polychrestus, Potassae 
 sulphas — s. Polychrestus Glaseri, Potassae sul- 
 phas cum sulphure — s. Polychrestum Seignetti, 
 Soda, tartrate of — s. Prunellae, Potassffi nitraS 
 fusus sulphatispaucillo mixtus — s. Rupellensis, 
 Soda, tartrate of — s.' Sapientia?, Alembroth salt, 
 Potassae sulphas^-s. Saturni,Plumbisliperacetas 
 — s. ScientisB, Alembroth salt— ^s. Secretus 
 Glauberi, Ammoniae sulphas — s. Sedativus Hom- 
 bergi, Boracic acid — s. Sedlic'ensis, Magnesiae 
 sulphas— s. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate of-rs. Senr 
 nerti, Potassae acetas — s. SeydschutzenseJ Mag- 
 nesiae sulphas — s. Sodae, Soda, subcarbonate of 
 — -s. Sodomenus, Bit noben — s. Succini, Sucr 
 cinicacid — s. Tartari, Potassae subcarbonas, see 
 Potash— s. Tartari essentiale. Tartaric acid — s. 
 Tartar^^sulphu^atum, Potassae sulphas — s. Uri- 
 nae, Microcdsmicum Sal — s. Urinosum, Urea — 
 s. Veget^bilis, Potassae tartras — s. Vitae, Alem- 
 broth salt — s. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas — s. Vi- 
 trioli narcoticum, Boracic acid — s. Volatile, 
 Ammoniae carbonas, Spiritus ammoniae aroma- 
 ticus — s. Volatile Benzoes, Benjamin — s. Vola- 
 tile boracis, Boracic acid — s. Volatile oleosum 
 Sylvii, Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus — s. Vola- 
 tile succini. Succinic acid — s. Volatilis sails 
 ammoniaci, Ammoniae carbonas — s, Vomitorium 
 vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 SALAAM, CONVULSION, see Convulsion, 
 Salaam. ' 
 
 SALAB, Salep. 
 
 SALACITAS, Satyriasis— s. Vulvae, Nym- 
 phomania. 
 
 SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata. 
 SALAP, Salep. 
 
 SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A small 
 place — the Montpelier of Huxham — which is 
 one of the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of 
 England, and, therefore, in this respect adapted 
 for the phthisical invalid as a wiriter retreat. 
 
 SALEP, Salobp' (so "pronounced.) Salah, 
 Salap. The prepared bulb of the Orchis mas'- 
 cula and other species of Orchis. The salep of 
 Cachmere is from a species of Euloph'ia., j Salep 
 is in small, irregular, hard masses. In its com- 
 position in relation to water it is closely ana- 
 logous to tragacanth. It is possessed of similar 
 virtues with sago, tapioca, &c. 
 
 SALER'NUM, SCHOOL OF. An ancient 
 school of medicine at Salerno in Italy. It was 
 established by Charlemagne, in 809; and was 
 the first Christian university at which medicine 
 was taught. It was much celebrated, especially 
 in the ISJth century. The work on hygiene, 
 " De Conservanda Valetudine," which bears 
 its name, has passed through several editions in 
 vatrious languages. It is supposed 1 o have been 
 written by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in 
 Leonine veirses. 
 
 SALIC ARIA, Lythrum salicaria. 
 SALICINE, see Salix. 
 SALICORJNIA ARABICA, &c., see Soda.' 
 SALINE', Sa,li'nuS', Satina'tyiiis, Salinac''- 
 idtis, Sali'tiiSj Salsu.s^ Haii'nus, Halmy'ruSj 
 Salico'des, from sal. That which contains a, 
 salt, or has the properties of a salt. 
 
 Saline Deaugiit or Mixtitee. This ^ay 
 be made as follows : — Potais. farbon. Qj, acid, 
 citric, yeltartar. gr, xv, vel succ. limon. recent, 
 5«s, agugs f. ^Viij, syrup, cicjusvis zj, M. 
 Given in divided doses as a febrifuge. ' , 
 
 Saline Effervescing DuAuc^BTor Mixture 
 is made by adding a due proportion of either of 
 the acids above mentioned, or of lemdn juice, 
 to the proper proportion of the carbonate of soda 
 or potassa ; about 25 grains of the acid saturate 
 30 grains of the carbonate. See Powders, soda. 
 SALIS AMMONIACI FLORES, Ammo- 
 niae carbonas. 
 SALITIO, Leap. 
 SALITUS, Saline. 
 SALIUM, Saliva. 
 SALIUNCA, Valeriana Celtica. 
 SALI'VA, Si'alon, Si'elon, Sialo'ma, Pty'- 
 aloii) Pty'elon^ Sa'liifm, Sputa^men, SputaTnen'' 
 turn, Sputtim, Spittle. An inodorous,'' insi- 
 pid, transparent, slightly viscid fluid ; secrjeted 
 by the parotid, submaxillary and sublingual 
 glands, and poured into the mouth by the ducts 
 of Steno, Wharton and Rivjnus ; the use of which 
 is to mix with the alimentary bolus, and to 
 serve in the process of digestion. It is com- 
 posed, according to Berzelius, of 99'2.9 parts of 
 water, 9.9 of a particular animal matter, solu- 
 ble in water, and insoluble in alcohol, pty'alin, 
 princip'inm salivaJll, mate'ria siali'na, of 1.4 
 of mucus, 1.7 of chlorides of potassium and so- 
 dium, 0.9 of lactate of soda and animal matter, 
 and 0.2 of soda. 
 
 SALIViE FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see Sali- 
 vation. 
 
 SALWAIRE, Salivary. 
 SALIVANS, Salivary, Sialagogue.. 
 
SALrVANT 
 
 752 
 
 SALT 
 
 SALIVANT, Sialagogue. 
 
 SALIVARIS, Salivary— B. Herbai AnthemiB 
 pyrethrum. 
 
 SAL'IVARY, Saliva'rius, Sali'vans, Sali- 
 va'ris, Salivo'sus, from saliva, (F.) Salivaire. 
 That which belongs to the saliva. 
 
 Salivaky Calculi, see Calculi, Salivary. 
 
 Salivary Fis'tulj:, Sialpsyrin'ges, ai^e such 
 as depend upon an accidental opening into the 
 excretory ducts of the salivary glands. Fis- 
 tulse are most commonly met with in the dubt of 
 Steno. 
 
 Salivaky Glahds, secreting organs of the 
 saliva, salival glaTids, are situate symmetri-' 
 cally, to the number of three, on each side of 
 the face, and behind and under the low^r jaw. : 
 Their form is very irregular, and their extent 
 varies according to individuals. Their excre- 
 tory ducts — Ductus Saliva'rii, (F.) Candux ou 
 Conduits salivaires, carry the saliva directly 
 into the mouth, without pouring it into any in- 
 termediate reservoir, as happens in the case of 
 some of the other glahds. The salivary glands 
 have been distinguished into,-^l. The parotid; 
 2. The submaxillary? 3. The sublingual. 
 
 SALtVATIO, Saliyation — s. Mercurialis, 
 Saliv^^tion, mercurial. 
 
 SALIVA'TION, Saliva'tio, Saliva'tio caV- 
 ida, Epiph'ora ptyalis'mMs, Sialia'mus, Sputum 
 Oris, Sialis'mus, Sial'achus, Sielismos, Sia- 
 lorrha'a, Sialoze'mia, Ptyalis'mus, Pty',alism, 
 Fluxus sali'vcB, (F.) FLuic de Bouche, Flux sali- 
 vaire. A superabundant secretion of saliva ; oc- 
 casioned either locally;, by the use of irritating 
 masticatories, or under the influence of some 
 cause which acts on the whole economy, and 
 especially of mercurial preparations. In this 
 last case it is accompanied by a coppery taste in 
 the mouth, by swelling of the gums, and .some- 
 times by looseness of the teeth. Salivation 
 may usually be diminished by the use of as- 
 tringents, laxatives, &c. 
 
 ' Ftyalismvi acu'tus sympathet'icus, Salivx 
 jluic-iis cibo viso,, Mouth watering, -the in- 
 creased flow of saliva produced by the sight, 
 smell, or thought of agreeable food, is a species 
 of ptyalism, as well as the Ftyalismus acut-us 
 fneUi'tus, Apo'eeno'sis ptyalis'mus mellitus, or 
 Sweet spittle. In this the saliva has a sweet 
 or mucilaginous taste. 
 
 Salivation, Merou'eial, Saliva'tio. mercu- 
 ria'lis, Sialoze'mia T^ercurialis, Ptyalis'-mus 
 mercuria'lis, F, hydrargyra'tus, (F.) Ftya- 
 lisme mercuriel. Salivation mercuriclle. Sali- 
 vation produced by mercury. The stomatitis 
 that accompanies , it is termed mercurial, Hy- 
 drar^ gyro-stomati'tis, (F.) Stomatite m^rcwielle. 
 
 SALIVATION MERCUIilELLB, Saliva- 
 tion, mercurial. 
 
 SALIVATDM, Sialagogue. . 
 
 SALIVOSUS, Salivary. 
 
 SALIX. The Willow, rtea,(F.)'Saiile. A 
 genus of plants frorri the Linnaean system. 
 
 Salix Frag"ilis, or Crack willow (Ph. D.) 
 Salix Alba, or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. 
 TJ. S.) Salix Latifo'lia, or broad-leaved wil- 
 low. Salix Ca'peea, or Great round-leaved 
 willow (Ph. L.) Salix Pentan'dria, Salix 
 Vituli'ma, Salix Ektooeph'ala. The bark 
 of each of these has a slightly aromatic odour, 
 and a bitter astringent taste, which is nearly 
 the same in all the species. It is tonic and as- 
 tringent, and has been used in intermittents, and 
 
 in cases of dyspepsia, worms, &c. The active 
 principle has been separated, and called Sal'- 
 ieine. It is like the quinia in medicinal effica- 
 cy. Dose, 9j to gj of the powder. Dose of 
 Salicine from 4 to 6 graips. 
 Salix ^Esyptiaca, Calaf. 
 
 SALLOW, Lurid. 
 
 SALMIAG, AmmonisB murias. . 
 
 SALOOP,.Salep. 
 
 SALPETRAj Soda, nitrate of. 
 
 SALPINGEMPHRAX'IS, from rahuiyi, 
 'the Eustachian tube,' and 6/npg!t§<j, 'obstruc- 
 tion.' Obstruction of the Eustachian tube; — a 
 cause of deafness. 
 
 SALPINGI'TIS, from <rccXmy^,'& tube,' and 
 itis, ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
 the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SALPINGOCYE'SIS, F^racpe'Hs iuha'na, 
 Gra/oid'itas tubu'ria^ fiom iraKniy^, 'a tube or 
 trumpet,' and )tuijffic,'pregnancy.' Tubal preg- 
 nancy. — See Pregnancy. 
 
 SALFINGOMALLiEN, Tensor tympani 
 — s. Staphylinus internus. Levator palati. 
 
 SALl'INGOPHARYNGiE'US, fromo-aA^ttyt, 
 'a trumpet,' and f^vyi, ' the pharynx.' Val- 
 salva and Douglas have given this name to .a 
 bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eusta- 
 chian tube to the pharynx. 
 
 SALPING0STAPHYLINU3, Circumflex 
 muscle. 
 
 SALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA.fromo-aJmyS, 
 'a tube,' o-Tfiro;,' harrow,' and ;fiugst, '-space.' 
 Narrowness or stricture of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SALPINX, Tuba. 
 
 SALSAFI, Tragopogon. 
 
 SALSAMENTUMCRUDUM,Omotarichos. 
 
 SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA, Sarsa- 
 parilla Germanica. 
 
 SALSED0\MUCRUM, Potasss nitras. 
 
 SALSEFAREILLE, Smilax sarsapariUa— 
 s. d^Allemagne, SarsapariUa Germanica. 
 . SALSILAGO, Muria. 
 
 SALSO'LA kali, FricMy Saltwort, Kali 
 spino 'sum cochlea'tum. Tragus sive . Tragum 
 Matthi'oli. This plant, as well as the Salsola 
 sati'va and the Salsola soda, produces the alka- 
 line salt, commonly cajled Barilla, Soda, or 
 Kelp. 
 
 Salsola Sativa, &c., see Soda, 
 
 SALSUGINOSaS, Halmyrodes. 
 
 SALSUS, Saline. 
 , SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, 'a\i, (F.) Sel. A 
 name formerly given to a considerable number 
 of substances Of Very different nature. At pre- 
 sent, chymists apply the term Salts exclusively 
 to the combination of an acid with one or more 
 bases. , Neutral salts are those in which the 
 acid' and base reciprocally saturate each other. 
 Acid salts or supersalts, (F.) Sur-sels, are those 
 inwhich the acid predominates over the base. 
 Alkaline salts or subsalts, (F.) Sous-sels, 
 those in which the base is, on the contrary, pre- 
 dominant. The different denominations of the 
 salts are compounded, 1. Of the name of the 
 acid ; the termination of which is changed into 
 ite, when the name of the acid is in ous ; — ate, 
 when it is in ic. Thus the salts fdrmed by the 
 sulphurous acid are sulphites ; those by the sul- 
 phuric, sulphates. 2. This name is followed up 
 by that of the oxyd, that enters into the compo- 
 sition of the salt. Thus, the sulphate of pro- 
 toxyd of iron is a combination of sulphuric acid 
 with the protoxyd of that metal. Frequently, 
 
SALTANS ROSA 
 
 753 
 
 SAN GIULIANO 
 
 to shorten the name, the word oxyd is sup- 
 pressed ; and proto, deuto, into, &c., put before 
 the acid : — as protosnlphate of iron. Simple 
 salts are those resulting from the combination 
 of an acid with a single base : double salts with 
 two different bases : triple with three, &c. A 
 haloid salt is one constituted after the type of 
 common salt, or which contains a metal and a 
 salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, &c. An oxy- 
 salt is formed from the combination of an acid 
 with an oxide. 
 
 When salt is used in an abstract sense, it 
 means the chloride of sodium. 
 
 Salt Apekient, of Frebeeick, Soda, sulr 
 phate of — s. Baker's, AmmonisB carbonas — s. of 
 Barilla, Soda, subcarbonate of— s. Bay,' Soda, 
 muriate of — s. Bitter purging, Magnesiae sul- 
 phas — s. Common, Soda., muriate of — s. Epsom, 
 Magnesiae sulphas — s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate 
 of — s. Glauber's", Lymington, see Soda, sulphate 
 of — s. Rochelle, Spda, tartrate of — s. Rock, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Sea, Soda, muriate of-^s. 
 Secondary, Neutral salt — s. Seignette's, Soda, 
 tartrate of — s. Shielling/Ammonise carbonas— 
 s. of Soda, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Sore-throat, 
 Potassse rlitras fusus siilphatis paucillo mixtus 
 — 8. of -Tartar, see Potassae subcarbonas, and 
 Potash — s. Tasteless purging, Soda, phospbate of 
 — s. of Urine, Ammoniae carbonas — s. White, 
 Soda, muriate of — s. of Woodsoot, Ammonire 
 carbonas^s. of Wormwood, see Potash. 
 
 SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria. 
 
 SALTATIO, Dancing— s. Sancti Titi, Cho- 
 rea. 
 
 SALTERTON. A village about four miles 
 to the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequent- 
 ed as a winter abode by invalids. It is in a 
 small, open valley on the sea-shore, and is well 
 protected from winds^particularly the northerly, 
 
 SALTPETRE, Potassae nitras. 
 
 SALTUS, Leap, Vulva— s.Tendinum,'Sub- 
 sultus tendinum. 
 
 SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali. 
 
 SALUBRIS, Salutary. 
 
 SALU'BRITY, Salwbritas, (E.) Salulrite, 
 from sidus, ' health.' Any thing which contri- 
 butes to the health of individuals or of commu- 
 nities. Situations differ materially from each 
 other in this respect ; and the cause of the dif- 
 ference is often an interesting topic of inquiry. 
 
 SALUS, Sanitas. ' " 
 
 SAL'UTARY, Peries'tieos, Salicta'ri'sySalu'- 
 ber, Salu'bris, Hygiei'nus, Hygi^sticus, Hy- 
 gie'rus. Same etymon. Healthy. That which 
 is favourable to health. Some diseases have 
 been considered salutary ; but this is doubtful. 
 
 SALVATEL'LA; Same etymon, (?), Vena 
 salvatel'la, is situate on the back of the hand, 
 near its inner margin. It begins on the poste- 
 rior surface of the fingers and dorsal surface of 
 the hand, by a plexus, formed of a number of 
 radicles, frequently anastomosing with each 
 other ; it then ascends to the inner part of the 
 forearm, where it takes the name — posterior cu- 
 bital. The ancients recommended this vein to 
 be opened in certain diseases, as in melancholic 
 and hypochondriacal affections ; and they attri- 
 buted to such abstraction of blood considerable 
 efficacy in the cure of disease : hence its name. 
 
 SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttse 
 — s. Eye, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — s. 
 Eye, Singleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitri- 
 cb-oxydi — s. Healing, Cerate of calamine. 
 
 SAL'VIA, S. offieina'lis, S. horten'sis, Ele- 
 lis'phacos, (F.) Sauge, The de Frante. Family, 
 Labiatse. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monog3>nia. 
 Sage has a peculiar, aromatic odour, and a 
 warm, aromatic, bitterish taste. Its virtues 
 depend upon an essential oil. It is tonic, sti- 
 mulant, and carminative. In the form of a 
 weak infusion, it is occasionally used as a dilu- 
 ent, and as a wash for sore mouth. Dose, gr. 
 XV to xxif or more. 
 
 Salvia HoiiMiNtim, iro?-»w''«!(»re, (F.) Sauge- 
 hormiii, of the Pharmacopceias, is used in simi- 
 lar cases. 
 
 Salvia Hortensis, Salvia — s. OfBcinalis, 
 Salvia. 
 
 Salvia Sola'eea, Sclarea, GalUi'richwm, 
 ^thio'pis, Biser.'mas, Coins Jovis, Common 
 Clary, (F.) Orvale ou Toute-bonne., The 
 leaves have been recommended as corroborants 
 and anti-spasmodics. 
 
 Salvia Vitjs, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 SAMBU'CUS, Sabu'cus, Sambucus nigra, 
 S. vulga'ris, S. Arbo'rea, AiM, Infe'lix lignvm, ; 
 the Elder, (F ,) Sureaucommun. Family, Ciap- 
 parifoliaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia 
 — (The flower and bark were formerly called 
 Cano'pam.) The flowers, berries, and bark of 
 the elder have been used in mfedicine. The 
 flowers have been reputed diaphoretic and dis- 
 cutient : the berries, aperient andsudorific : the 
 Sari:, purgative, and, in small doses, deob- 
 struent. The flowers are sometimes used in 
 fomentations, and to form a cooling ointment. 
 
 Sambucus Aeeorea, Sambucus— s. Ohamae- 
 acte, S. ebulus. , 
 
 Sambdous Eb'ulcs, Ebulus, Chamseac't^, 
 Od'ocos,, Sambucus Chamseac'te seu He'lion, 
 Sambucus hu'milis, S, JSerba'cea, Dwarf-elder, 
 Banewort, (F.) Hiible. The root, interior 
 bark, leaves, flowers, berries, (Baecce seu Grana 
 Actes,) and seeds have all been given in mode- 
 rate doses as resolvents and deobstrueiits ; and 
 in large doses as hydragogues. The berries of 
 Sa7/ibucus Canaden'sis, the Common Elder of 
 America, are made officinal in the American 
 Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Sambucus Helioh, Sambucus ebulus — s. 
 Herbacea, S. ebulus — s. Humilis, S. ebulus — s. 
 Nigra, Sambucus — s. Vulgaris, Sambucus. 
 
 SAMI TERRA, Sa'mian Earth. An ai^Ua- 
 ceous earth, found in the island of Saitios, to 
 vi'hich were ascribed virtues similar to those of 
 the Terra Lemnii:— ^Galen, Dioscorides. 
 
 SAMIUS LAPIS. A stone found in the Isle 
 of Samos, which the ancients believed to be 
 astringent and refrigerant. 
 
 SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maiitimum. 
 
 SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina. 
 
 SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana. 
 
 SAMPSYCH'INON, Sa«i'p,su'chinnm. An 
 ointment composed of aafii/jvx'r; which was 
 perhaps marjoram. — Dioscorides. 
 
 SANABILIS, Curable. 
 
 SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
 
 SANATIO, Curation, Cure. 
 
 SANATIVE, Curative. 
 
 SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. At the foot of the mountain San Giuliano, 
 a league and a half from Pisa, are several niine- 
 ral springs; temperature from 84°to 107° Fahr. 
 
 The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid, 
 sulphates of soda, lime, and'magnesia; chlorides 
 
SANB 
 
 754 
 
 SANTALUM ALBUM 
 
 of sodium and magnesium; carbonates of lime 
 and magnesia; argil and silica. — Santi. 
 SAND, see Gravel. 
 
 SAND ALUM C^RULEUM, Guilandina 
 raoringa — s. Rubrum, Pterocarpiis santalinus,. 
 SAN'DARACj Sandara'cka^ Gum Ju'ni^er^ 
 G-tim Sandarach, Pounce, 0ummi Junif'eri, 
 Sandara'ca, Vernix sicca, Resi'na Jnniperi. 
 A name given, by the Arabs, to an odorous 
 resin, that flows from the Thuya aphyl'la. 
 Family, ConiferEe. ' Sex. Syst. Monoecia Mona- 
 delphia. It is stimulant, like all- the resins; 
 but is very little used. 
 
 SANDARAGHA GR^CORUM, Realgar. 
 SANDERS, see Saunders. 
 SANDIVER, see Vitrum. 
 SANDIX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
 SANG, Blood — s. Arteriel, Arteria!! blood — 
 *. DragoV; Rumex sanguineus — s. Dragon, see 
 Calamus rotang — s. Globules du, Globules of 
 the blood — s. Perte de, Haemorrhagia. 
 SANGLOT, Sob. 
 SANGSUE, Hirudo. 
 
 SANGUIDUCTUS DUR.E MATRIS, Si- 
 nuses of the dura mater. 
 
 SANGUIFICATIO.Haematosis— s.Debilior, 
 Hyphaematosis. 
 
 SANGUIFLUXUS, Haemorrhagia-^s. Ute- 
 rinps. Metrorrhagia. 
 
 SANGUIMOTION, Circulation. 
 SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory. 
 SANGTIIN, {Vaisseau) Blood-vessel. 
 SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygo- 
 num aviculare. 
 
 SANGUINA'RIA, S. Canadm'sis, Blood- 
 root, Bloo'dworp, Puccoon, Red Puccoon, Red. 
 Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric. Nat. Ord. 
 PapaveraceEE. Sex. Sj^i*. ; Polyandria Mono- 
 gynia. A North American plant, the rhizoma 
 and seeds of which are used in rnedicine. They 
 are emetic. Dose of the powder, 8 to 20 grains. 
 They are said^to reduce the velocity of the 
 pulse, like digitalis. 
 
 SANGUINE, Sanguin'eus, Sanguiho'sus, 
 Hsemat'icus, HeBmato'des, Htemate'rus, HcEma- 
 ti'nus, Hcemo'des, Hsemo'i'des ; (7 .) Sanguin. 
 Bloody, blood-like. Relating to, or containing 
 blood, — as ' sanguine temperament.' 
 
 SANGUINEA, Potassae nitras. , ■ 
 , SANGUINEUS, Sanguine. 
 
 SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, Hiemorrhophe- 
 sis — s. Congestio, Congestion — s. Dissolutio, 
 Haemateclysis — s. Fluor, Haemoptysis — s. Fluor 
 VesijCaB, Cystorrhagia— ^s. Ictus, Apoplexy — s. 
 Missio, Blood-letting-js. Profluvium copiosum, 
 Haemorrhagia — s.' Profluvium ex Ore, Stoma- 
 torrhagia' — s. Stagnatio, Heemostasis. 
 
 SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'tiis, frpm 
 sanguiSj'hlooA.' Tinged withblood. An epithet 
 applied, particularly, to the sputawhen so tinged. 
 SANGUIN0SU5, Sanguine. 
 SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis,'h\ood,' 
 and purgare, ' to cleanse.' Purgation of the 
 blood. A name given by some authors to mild 
 fevers ; from an idea that they purged the blood, 
 of noxious matters. 
 
 SANGUIS, Blood, . Sperm— s. Goncretus, 
 Coagulum^s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang — 
 e. Hirci siccatus, see Blood — s. Menstruus, see 
 Menses-:-s. in Urina, Hfematuria. 
 
 SANGUISOR'BA OFFICINA'LIS. The 
 Italian Pim'pinel, PimpineVla Ital'ica, (F.) 
 
 Pimprenelle noire, - It was formerly used as 
 an astringent and tonic, in hemorrhages, dysen- 
 terv &c . 
 
 SANGUISUGA, Hirudo. 
 
 SANGUISU'GUM. A barbarous term, to 
 denbte too great an accumulation of blood in 
 the heart. — !^onetus. 
 
 SANICLE, Sanicula — s. American, Heuche- 
 ra cortusa — s. Yorkshire, Pinguicoli vulgaris. 
 
 SANICULA, S. Europe' a, Cuculla'ta, Do- 
 deca'theon, Sym'phytum petrm^um, -Sanic'ula 
 mas, Diapen'sia cortu'sa, Saii'icle, (r .) Toute- 
 saine. i^oOTiVy, Umbelliferae. Sex.Syst.Ven- 
 tandria Digynia. This herb was formerly used 
 as a mild^stringent. It is bitterish, and some- , 
 what austere. 
 
 Sanicula, Saxifragagranala — s.Ebo'racensis, 
 Pinguicola vulgaris — s. Europasa, Sanicula. 
 
 Sahic'ula Marilan'dioa. This indigenous 
 plant grows in marsheSjOflowandshadedground. 
 It is possessed of tonic virtues j and the pow- 
 dered root is employed in popular practice as a 
 favourite remedy in intermittent fever. 
 
 It bas been reepmmended recently in chorea. 
 
 Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
 
 SANIDO'DES, Sanio'des, 'resertibling a 
 board,' from aavn; gen. aaviSoq, 'a board,' and 
 tiSof, ' resemblance.' , One whose thorax is nar- 
 row, and, as it were, contracted. 
 
 SANIE, Sanies. 
 
 SANIES, Ichor, Talmm., Virus, Pus malig'' 
 ii^tpi, P. corrosi'vum, (F.) Sanie. A thin, 
 serous fluid, presenting some of the qualities of 
 pus and blood, and commonly exhaled at the 
 surface of ulcers. 
 
 SANIODES, Sanidodes. 
 
 SAMOSUS, Ichorous; 
 • SANIOUS, Ichorous. 
 
 SANIT^IRE, (F.) That which relates to 
 the health — as ^tablissement sanitaire; police, 
 sanitaire. 
 
 SK'NnA.''KUJ'M.,Sanfi,to'rium;.hotasanitas. 
 ' health.' A retreat selected for valetudinarians, 
 in consequence of its salubrity. Also, an esta- 
 blishment for the treatment of the sick. 
 
 SAN'ITAS, HygiS'a, Hyge'a, Hygian'sis, 
 Ilygi'asis, Integ'ritas, Prosper'itas Valetu'di- 
 nis, Salus, Hygiei'a, Valetu'do, Valitu'do, Va- 
 letu'do bona seu secun'da seu com'moda, HygeVa, 
 Euzoddyna''mia,IIealth,{F'.)Sante, from sanus, 
 ' sound.' Health has been defined,: — a state, iiK 
 which^U the functions are exerted with regu- 
 larity and hMmony. A person may, however^ 
 be in health, althdugh certain functions are not 
 performed. A blind man, for example, has 
 health when all his functions, except sight,, 
 proceed with regularity. 
 
 Sanitas, Cure. 
 
 SANKIRA, Smilax China. 
 
 SANS PAIRE, {Veine,) Azygos vein. 
 
 SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.) This 
 West India Island is frequently selected as a 
 winter retrfi&t for the phthisical valetudinarian 
 from the United States;' but it does not seem 
 entitled to any preference, in such cases, over 
 the other islands of the West Indies, whilst its 
 general salubrity is said to be less than that of 
 many. 
 
 SANTAL, Santalum album. 
 
 SAN'TALUM ALBUM, S. cit'Hnum, S. 
 
 pal'lidum, Yellow Saunders, Sir'ium myrtifo'- 
 
 lium, (F.) Santal. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
 
 nogynia. The virtues of the wood of the white 
 
sanTm 
 
 755 
 
 SAPONEA 
 
 Saunders reside in a volatile oil and resinous 
 principle. The odour is fragrant, and resem- 
 bles a mixture of ambergris and roses. It has 
 been used as a stimulant tfnd sudorific, but it is 
 not now eirtoloyed. The sauiiders woods are 
 called, collectively, in French, Santaux. 
 
 Santalum E.UBRUM, Pterocarpus santalinns. 
 
 'SANT£, Sanitas. 
 
 SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum. 
 
 SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (E.) Inci- 
 sures ou Scissure's de Santorini, . Clefts at 
 the upper and back part of the fibro-cartila- 
 ginous portion of the external ear. 
 
 Santorini, Tn'EEEOLES OF. Small cartila- 
 ginous projections at the top of the arytenoid 
 cartilages, which support the ligaments of the 
 glottis. See Corniculutn Laryngis. 
 
 SANVB, Sinapis. 
 
 SAPA, see Rob. 
 
 SAPHA'DA. Paracelsus has given thisname 
 to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some 
 eruptions of the hairy scalp. 
 
 SAPH^NA, Saphena. 
 
 SAPHE'NA, Saphce'na, from daifr]^, ' mani- 
 fest," evident.' (^.ySapkine. A name given 
 to two subcutaneous veins of the lower limb. 
 These are : 1, The Great Saphena: Vein, 
 Saphena interna^ Tibio-malleplar, (Ch.,) (F.) 
 Grande Veiiie Sapkine ou Saphene interne. Its 
 radicles occupy the inner part of the great toe, 
 and form a transverse arch on the back of the 
 foot, which unites with the saphena externa, 
 and receives at its convex part, which is turned 
 forwards, a number of branches coming from 
 the toes. Theseradicles, when united, ascend 
 before the inner ankle, and form a trunk, the 
 size of which is farther increased by several 
 branches that proceed from the r region of the 
 tarsus, and that of the metatarsus. This tjuink 
 ascends vertically at the iiinerpart of the leg; 
 passes behind the inner condyle of the femur; 
 proceeds along the inner part of the thigh; re- 
 ceives other subcutaneous veins, such as the 
 abdominal subcutaneous, the external pudic, 
 &c., and passes through the inferior opening of 
 the crural canal to empty itself into the femo- 
 ral vein. 2. The Lesser Vena Saehena, or 
 Saphena externa; the Peponeo-malle'olar Vein 
 of ChaUssier, (F.) Petite Ve^ne Saphene ou Sa- 
 phene externe, commences by several roots, 
 which are spread over the dorsum and outer 
 side of the foot, and embrace the outer ankle. 
 Behind this, they unite into a single trunk, 
 which ascends obliquely, approaching the tendo 
 Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards the 
 ham to open into the popliteal vein. 
 
 SAFBkNE, Saphena. 
 
 SAPID, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux, Pos- 
 sessed of sapidity. Having the power of affect- 
 ing the organs of taste. 
 
 SAPID'ITY, Sapor, (F.) Sapidlti, from sa- 
 pere, 'to taste.' The quality of bodies that 
 gives them taste. 
 
 SAFIN COMMUN, Pinus picea. 
 
 SAPIN'DUS SAPONA'RIA,Soa;p Tree,(¥.) 
 Savonnier commun. The name of the plant 
 that affords the Soap Nuts, Sapona'ria Nu'eu- 
 la, Bac'ca Bermuden'ses, Soap-berries. A 
 spherical fruit about the size of a cherry, the 
 cortical part of which is yellow, glossy, and so 
 transparent as to show the spherical black nut 
 that rattles within, and includes a white kernel. 
 The cortical part of this fruit, which has simi- 
 
 lar effects with ^oap in washing, has been re- 
 commended in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and 
 deobstruent. 
 
 SAPO, Sooy, Sax. rape. Smegma, (F.) Sa- 
 von. A product obtained by treating fatty bo- 
 dies with caustic alkalies dissolved in water. 
 In the Pharmacopojia of the United States, it 
 means Soap made with soda and olive oil. 
 
 Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, 
 and alkali. 
 
 Castile Soap, being made of fine olive oil, is 
 generally used internally. The yellow and soft 
 soaps are the most stimulating ; and are, conse- 
 quently, best adapted for particular cutaneous 
 eruptions. 
 
 Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic; 
 externally, it is detergent and stirnulant^Soapy 
 water is used with the greatest success, in cases 
 of poisoning by acids . It is mostly appl led ex- 
 ternally to bruises and sprains. In Pharmacy, 
 it is used to favour the solution of resins. 
 
 Sapo Ab"iDus, Add Soap, is a combination 
 of a fixed oil with an acid. ' 
 
 Sapo AmmoniacAlis, Linimentum ammoniae 
 fortius — s. Ammoi;iii oleaceus, Linimentum 
 ammonias fortius^s. Aniygdalinus, Sapo me- 
 dicinalis — s. Cacaotinus,. Sapo coconeus — s. 
 Calcarius, Linimentum aqui calcis— s. Casti- 
 Uensis, see Sapo Medicinalis. , 
 
 Sapo Coco'neus, Soap of Cocoa Nut Oil, S. 
 cacaoti'nus, (F.) Savon de cscoa, has been much' 
 used in Germany in herpetic affections. 
 
 Sapo Dubl's, S. Hispanicus — s. Hispanicus, 
 see S. medicinalis. 
 
 Sapo Kahous, S, Mollis. ■ 
 
 Sapo Liq'tjidus, Liquid Soap, Lotio sapona'- 
 cea, is a cosmetic which is composed of olive 
 oil ^iv, ol. tartari per, deliquium ,^ss. Rub 
 together, and add aquce rosarjcm Jxij. 
 
 Sapo' Medicjna'lis, Medic"inal ^oap, Sapo 
 amygdali'nus, (F.) Savon medicinal, is made 
 with oil of sweSt almonds- and half its weight 
 of caustic alkali or, like the Sapo Hispan'icus 
 seu Castilien^sis, Spanish oi Castile soap, Sapo 
 dwrus, (7.) Savon dur, of olive oil and soda. 
 
 Sapo Mollis, Common or Soft Soap, S. vir'- 
 idis, S, ni'ge'r, S.^a'licus, (F.) Savon, mou, 
 Savon noir, is inade of potass and oil or tallow. 
 The Sapo vulgaris, or ' common soap ' of the 
 Pharm. U. S. is made wi-th soda and "animal oil. 
 
 Sapo Niger, Blach Soap, Melanosmeg'ma, 
 is a composition of train oil and an alkali : and 
 Green Scat, Sapo vir'idis, of hempseed, linseed, 
 or rape oil with an alkali. See,Sapo mollis. 
 
 Sapo Vegetabilis, Pulvis gumraosus alkali- 
 nus — s. Viridis, Sapo mollis — s. Vulgaris, see 
 Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAPONA'CEOUS ;' Sapona'ceus; fromSapo, 
 ' soap.' Soapy. Containing s^apj as Linimen- 
 tum saponaceum, Soap liniment. 
 
 SAPONAIREj Saponaria. 
 
 SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, ' soap.' Soap- 
 wort, Bruise-wort, Stru'thium, Lana'ria, Lych- 
 nis sylves'tris, Ibix'uma, (F.) Saponaire. i*o- 
 wwVyjCaTypphyllesB. Sex, Syst. Decandria Di- 
 gynia. A decoction of the leaves of this plant 
 has been recommended in scrofula, cancer, old 
 syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, jaundice, visceral 
 obstructions, &c. It is hardly ever used. 
 
 SAPONARiiE Nuoulze, See Sapindus saponaria. 
 
 SAPO'NEA, from Sapo, ' soap.' A pectoral 
 medicine, prepared with sweetened syrup of 
 violets, and oil of sweet almonds. 
 
SAPONULES 
 
 756 
 
 SARCOPHAGUS 
 
 » SAPON'ULES, Sapon'iaa, (F.) SavonuUs. 
 Same etymon. Combinations of volatile or es- 
 sential oils with different bases. 
 
 Acid Saponules, are combinations bl such 
 oils with different acids. 
 
 SAPOR, Sapidity, Savonr. 
 
 SAPO'TA, Acrds Sapota^ Ovdl-fruited Sa- 
 pota, (F.) Sapotier, Sapotillier. Sex. Syst. 
 Hexandria Bigynia. A tree which grows in the 
 Antilles, and particularly at St. Domingo. Its 
 fruit is much esteemed. It resembles the mar- 
 malade of quinces ; and hence has been called 
 natural marmalade. The seeds make an emul- 
 sion, which has been given in nephritic affec- 
 tions. The J>ark has been recommended as a 
 febrifuge. 
 
 SAPOTIER, Sapota. 
 
 Sapotillier, Sapota. 
 
 SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 
 SAPROS, Putrid, Rancid. 
 
 SAPROS'TOMUS, from rinQo!, ' foul, of a 
 bad' odour,' and rTc/m, ' mouth.' One who has 
 an offensive breath. 
 
 SAPROTES, Putrefaction. 
 
 SAR'APUS, Sarffl^oKi. One'who-has a large 
 foot ; whos? toes are largely separated, or whose 
 feet are much asunder in walking ; from iraigcoj' 
 ' I grin,' and ttovc, 'the foot.' See Kjyllosis. 
 . SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 .The Saratoga springs iii New York are ten 
 miles north-east from Ballston. They contain 
 the same ingredients as those of the latter 
 place ; and are much frequented by visiters from 
 every part of the United States. The following 
 analysis has been given of |:he Congress spring: 
 In a wine gallon — gaseous ^contents: carbonic 
 acid, 311 cubic inches; atmospheric air, 7. 
 Solid contents. Chloride of sodium, gr. 385; 
 iodide of sodiijra, gr. 3.5 ; bicatbonate of soda, 
 gr. 8.989; bicarbonate of magnesia, 95.788; car- 
 bonate of lime, 98.098; carbonate of iron, 
 5.075; silica, 1.5; bromide of potassium, a 
 trace. Total gr. 597.943.— Steel. 
 
 The Walton or Iodine spring contains chloride 
 of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of 
 sodium. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOCELE, Sarcoepiplocele. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Sarcoepi-_ 
 plomphacele. 
 
 SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS, Sarcoepiplom- 
 phalus. 
 
 SARCIDIUM, CaTuncle. 
 
 SARCINA, Foetus. 
 
 Sae'cina VENTEio'tiLl, Sarcina, ' a pack, 
 a woolpack.' A microscopic cryptogamous 
 plant found in the fluid of waterbrash. 
 
 SARCION, Caruncle. . 
 
 SARCITES, Anasarca — s.Flatuosus, Em- 
 physema. 
 
 SARCITIS, Myositis. 
 
 SARCOCE'LE, Hernia carno'sa, Scirrhus 
 reWiVwK, from iragl, "^ flesh,' and kijmi, <a tu- 
 mour ;' Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hernie chariiue, 
 Scirrhus or cancer of the testicle. This dis- 
 ease affects adults particularly; and appears, 
 most c6mmonly> after an inflammatory swell- 
 ing of the testicle. Sometimes it is dependent 
 upon a blow; at others, it makes its appearance 
 without any" appreciable cause. It is well 
 known by a hard, heavy, ovoid or spherical 
 swelling of the testicle, which is, at first, slight- 
 ly, or not at all painful, and merely causes an 
 unpleasant traction on the spermatic cord. 
 
 There is no heat or change of colour of the 
 skin ; the spermatic cord is swollen, and parti- 
 cipates in the affection: very painful shootings 
 occur : the lymphatic glands of the abdomen 
 become swollen, and form a tumour; "(vhich may, 
 at times, be felt through the abdomen ; and the 
 patient, at length, dies with every sign of the 
 cancerous diathesis. The prognosis is very un- 
 favourable. The only means, indeed, that can 
 save life is the extirpation of the testicle. 
 
 SARCOCOL'LA,(F.) Cotle^rhair, fromo-agj, 
 ' flesh,' and noXXa, ' glue.' A resiSous matter, 
 obtained from Pena'a SdrcdcoVla, P. mucro- 
 na'ta, and other species of Pensea. An African 
 shrub, which has been so called from a belief 
 that it facilitates the consolidation of flesh. It 
 is in the form of small, oblong, semitransparent 
 globules, of a yellowish or reddish blue, and 
 smells like aniseed. It was once employed as 
 an astringent and detergent. 
 
 SARCODES, Carneous. , 
 
 SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,So>'cffp8y?oce7e,from 
 trccQ^, ' fle^h,' e nurHoov, ' the epiploon,' and xijiii), 
 ' a tumour.' Epiplocele, complicated with sar- 
 ' coma or sarcocele. 
 
 SA RCOEPIPLOM'PHALUS, Sarcepiplom'- 
 phaius,Sarcepiplomphaloce'le,{Tom <rag^, ' flesh,' 
 iniirXoov, 'the epiploon,' and 0|K,(paxoc, ' the na- 
 vel.' Umbilical hernia^ formed by scirrhous 
 epiploon or complicated with sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOHYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele. 
 
 SARCOLEM'JVIA, Sarcole'ma, from o-aef, 
 ' fleshy' and ie/ufta, 'a coat.' ThS sheath which 
 surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form aflbre. 
 It is quite distinct from the cellular membrane 
 that binds the fibres into fasciculi. — Bowman. 
 See Perymisium. 
 
 SA'RCOLOGIA, Myology, 
 
 SARCOL'OGY, Sdreolog"ia, from tragi, 
 'flesh,' and Xoyoe, 'a discourse.' The part of 
 anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It com- 
 prises myology, angiology, neurology, and 
 splanchnology. 
 
 SARCO'MA, EtRphy' ma Sarcoma, Sarcom'a' 
 tous turnout, Sarco'sis, Forrtis, Sarcophy'ia, 
 Ecsarco'm,a, Exsarco'Tna, Tumor car'neus, Ex' 
 crescen'tia carno'sa, Pol'ypus camo'sus, from 
 (raq%, ' fleSh.' Any species of excrescence 
 having a fleshy consistenqe. 
 
 Saecoma, Carcinomatous, Scjrrhus — s. Cer- 
 cosis, see Cfercosis — s. Epulis, Epulis — s. Mas- 
 toid, Mammary sarcoma — s. MeduUare, see 
 Encephaloid — s. Medullary, Encephaloid, Hse- 
 matodes fungus-^s. Pulpy, Hasmatodes fungus 
 — s. Scroti, Sarcocele. 
 
 Sarcoma, Common Vascular or Organized 
 of Abernethy, Emphy'ma Sarcoma Vasculo'- 
 sum, is vascular throughout: texture simple: 
 when bulky, mapped on the surface with arbo- 
 rescent veins. Found over the body and limbs 
 generally. 
 
 SARCOMATEUX, Sarcomatous. 
 
 SARCOMATODES, Sarcomatous. 
 
 SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous. 
 
 SARCOMATOUS, Sarcomato'sus, Sarco'- 
 mato'des, (F.) Sarcomateux. Belonging to, or 
 having the characters of sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus. 
 
 SARCOM'PHALUS, Sarcom'phalum, from 
 o-agS, ' flesh,' and ofKpaxot, ' the navel.' A scir- 
 rhous ox fleshy tumour, developed at the navel. 
 
 SARCOMYCES, Sarcospongus. 
 
 SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, Catheretic. 
 
SAECOPHYIA 
 
 757 
 
 SAVON 
 
 SARCOPHYIA, Excrescence, Sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOPTE, Aoarus. 
 
 SARCOPTES SCABIEI, see Psora. 
 
 SARCOPYO'DES, from o-agl, ' 4esh,' Ttvov, 
 'pus,' and eiJos, 'resemblance.' Having the 
 appeareince of pus mixed with flesh. An epi- 
 thet given to certain excreted matters, and par- 
 ticularly to the sputa of' those labouring under 
 consumption. 
 
 SARCO'SIS, from o-ojl, ' flesh.' The forma- 
 tion of flesh. _- Also, sarcoma. 
 
 Sarco'sis Bulbi, ExophthaVmia fungo'sa 
 seu sarcoma^ica, . A fleshy growth from the 
 lobe of the eye. 
 
 SARCpSPONG'US, S-arcomy'ce^: fpm o-ag?, 
 ' flesh,' and ur'yyTH, 'fungus.' A fleshy fungus. 
 
 SARCOStOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma. 
 
 SARCOTICTJS, Incarnans. 
 
 SARCOUS, from cragli , 'flesh.' Of, or be- 
 longing to flesh or muscle — as 'sarcous tissue! 
 
 SARpiASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicus. 
 
 SARDONIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardo- 
 nicus. 
 
 SARE, Essera. 
 
 SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
 ■ SARRkTB, Trismus infantum, 
 
 SARRIkTE, Satareia hoitensis — .s. de Crete, 
 Satureia capitata. 
 
 SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SARSAPARILLA,SmiIai S.—s. False, Ara- 
 lia nudicaulis. 
 
 Saksaparil'la GeRman'ica, Gramen major, 
 G. rubrum, Salsaparil'la Germanina, Carex 
 Areiia'ria, (F.) Laiche, L. des Sables, Salse- 
 pareille d'Allemagrie. Family, Cyperoideae. 
 Sex. Syst. Monospia Triandria. A plant, which 
 grows plentifully on the sea-coasts of Europe, 
 It has been recommended in some mucous affec- 
 tions of the trSichea, in rheumatism, gout, &c. 
 
 Sahsapaeilla, Indian, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
 
 SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SARTO'RIUS, from Sartor, < a tailor,' be- 
 cause used in crossing the legs; Suto'Hus, 
 Longis' sirtius Fem!oris, Fascia'lis, F, Longus 
 seu S'utor'ius, (F.) H'io-cresti-tlhial, Ilio~pre~ 
 tibial. (Ch.) Couturier. A muscle, sit^ate at the 
 anterior part of the thigh. It is long, small, 
 and flattened, and extends, obliquely, fijom the 
 anterior and superior spine of 1:he ilium to the 
 superior and inner part of the tibia. This mus- 
 cle can, also, beiid the pelvis on the, thigh, and 
 conversely. 
 
 SARX, Flesh, Pulp. 
 
 SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras — s. MeduUae, 
 see Lauvus sassafras — s. Radicis cortex, see 
 Laurus sassafras — s. Swamp, Magnolia glauca. 
 
 SAT'ELLITE, Satelles. That which guards: 
 — that which is placed near. 
 
 Satellite Veins are those that accompany 
 arteries. 
 
 SATBE, Penis. 
 
 SATIES, Satiety. 
 
 SATIETAS, Plesmone. 
 
 SATI'ETY, Sati'etas, Satu'ritas, Sa'ties, 
 Satura'tio, Flethos, Plesmone, from satiare, 
 (itself from satis, ' enough,') 'to give enough.' 
 Disgust for food; commonly produced by reple- 
 tion. 
 
 SATIN, Lunaria rediviva. 
 
 SATURANS, Absorbent (medicine). 
 
 SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation. 
 
 SATURA'TION, Satura'tio, from satis, 
 
 ' enough.' The state of a compound in which 
 its elements are combined in such proportions 
 that a fresh quantity of eit,her cannot be added 
 without producing excess. 
 
 SATUREI'A HORTEN'SIS, Satureia, S. 
 sati'va, Cuni'la sativa Plin'ii, Thymbra, Sum- 
 mer Sa'vory, (F.) Sarriite. Family, LabiatsB. 
 Sex. Sy,it. Didynamia Gymnospermla. An 
 aromatic plant,cultivated for culinary purposes. 
 It has been used, as an excitant, in anorexia, 
 anaphrodisia, &c. 
 
 Satureia Capita'ta, Cil'iated Sa'vory, Thy- 
 mus,- Thymus sylves'tris. Thymus Cret'icus, 
 Cuni'la, (F.) Sarriite de Crete, Possesses 
 similar properties to thyme. 
 
 Satureia Oriqanoides, Cunila mariana — 
 s. Sativa, S^hortensis. , ^ 
 
 SAT U RITAS, Satiety. , '^^ 
 
 SATURNIDULCEDO,Plumbisuperacetas. 
 
 SATURNI'NUS, Sat'urnine; from Saturnus, 
 ' lead.' Medicines containing lead. 
 
 SATURNISM'US, Intoxica'tio saturni'na ; 
 from Saturnus, ' lead.' Poisoning by lead. 
 Leadpoisoning. ~^ 
 
 SATURNUS, Plumbum. 
 
 SATYRI'ASIS, from ^aTi/goc, 'a Satyr;' be- 
 cause the Satyrs are said to have been greatly 
 addicted to venery. Satyrias'mus, Satyris'- 
 mus,Priapis'7rtais,SalacHtas,Brachu'na,Aras'- 
 con, Satyri'asis furens, Lagne'sis Salac"ita^, 
 Lagnesis furor masculi'9ius, Lagne'a^ hagni'a, 
 Lagno'sis,'Lasciv'ia, Lasciv'itas, Tenti'go vere'- 
 tri. An irresistible desire, in man, to have 
 frequent connexion with females, accompanied 
 byAe power of doing so without exhaustion. 
 Thecauses are commonly obscure. Sometimes, 
 the abuse of aphrodisiacs has occasioned it. 
 The principal symptoms/are :-^almost constant 
 erection; irresistible and almost insatiable de- 
 sire for venery-; frequent nocturnal pollutions. 
 Cold lotions ; the cold bath ; a. mild diet ; active 
 exercise, &c., are the only means that can be 
 adopted for its removal. , 
 
 Satyriasis Furens, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRIASMUS, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRION, Orchis mascula. 
 
 SATYRISMUS, Satyriasis. 
 
 SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens. 
 
 SAUCE-ALONE, AUiaria. 
 
 SAD CE, GREEN, Rumexscutatus. 
 
 SAUER IJRAUT (G.), 'Sour Cabbage.' 
 (F.) Chou-eroute. A culinary preparation, 
 made with chopped cabbage, left to attain an 
 incipient state of acetous fermentation. It is 
 reputed by the Germans to be salubrious, easy 
 of digestion, and eminently antiscorbutic. 
 ■ SA UGE, Salvia — s. des Bois, Teucrium scor- 
 dium — i. Hormin, Salvia horminum — s. de Je- 
 rusalem, Pulmonaria. 
 
 SAULB, Salix. 
 
 SAUMURE, Muria. 
 
 SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus sant^linus 
 — s. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus — s. Yellow, 
 Santalum album. 
 
 SAURA, Lizard, 
 
 SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum.. 
 
 SATTT, Leap. 
 
 ^AUVE-VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria., 
 
 SAVEUR, Savour. 
 
 SAVINE, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SAVINIER, Juniperus sabina. 
 
 SAVON, Sapo — s. Ammioniacal, Linimen- 
 tum ammonia fortius — s. Cacao, Sapo coconeu» 
 
SAVONNIER COMMUN 
 
 758 
 
 SCALENUS 
 
 — s. Calcaire, Linimentum aquae caJcis — s. Dur, 
 Sapo dUius — «. Jileiiicinal, Sapo medicinalis — 
 I. Mou, Sapo mollis — s. Noir, Sapo mollis. 
 
 SAVONNIER COMmXTN, Sapindus sapo- 
 naria. 
 
 SAVONULE, Saponnlus. 
 
 SAVONULUS,, Saponulus. 
 
 SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata— 
 >. Summer, Satureia hortensis. 
 
 SAVOUR, Sapor, Taste, (F.) ^aveur. Quality 
 of todies, by which they act upon the sense of 
 taste. The taste is not the same in all sapid 
 bodies. It may be sweet, bitter, metallic. 
 
 Ghymists, at times, avail themselves of this 
 qualiteof bodies to analyze an unknown sub- 
 
 g+ja ri p p ^^ -ji 
 
 SAVOUREUX,, Savoury. 
 
 SA'VOURY, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. An 
 epithet given to bodies that have taste j and 
 particularly to those that excite a very agreea- 
 ble impression on the organ of taste. 
 
 SAVOYAN, Galium verum. ^ 
 
 Saw, Prion, Serra, (Dan.) S a'lv e , ■ (Sax.) 
 j-asa, (F.) Scie. A surgical instrument made 
 like a common saw; and used for sawing the 
 bones in amputations, or for removing exosto- 
 ses, &c. Saws of different sizes and shapes are 
 used in surgery. The crown of the trepan is 
 nothing more than a species of circular saw. 
 
 Sa'w, Amputa'tion, Serra atnputato'ria^ The 
 saw used in amputation. 
 
 Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. 
 Hey of Leeds in fractures of the cranium. It 
 consists of a long handle,- to which a small saw 
 with a convex, or straight edge is attached, and 
 by which- a piece of bone of any shape may be 
 removed. With the trephine, the saw . must 
 always be circular. 
 
 SAW PALMETTO, Chamaerops serratula 
 — s. Wort, Liatris. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA, Pimpinella saxlfraga — s. An- 
 glica, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Saxif'raga Crassifo'lia. Family, Saxifra- 
 gesB. Sex. Sy.st. Decaridria Digynia. The root 
 - of this species of saxifrage has been extolled 
 by Pallas, as pre-eminently antiseptic. 
 
 Saxifeaga Granula'ta, S. alba, Sanic'ula, 
 Sedum, White sax'ifrage,(¥.) Saxifrage granu- 
 le. Recommended as diuretic and litbontrip- 
 tic ; but not used. 
 
 Saxifraga Rubra, Spiraea filipendula — s. 
 Vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus.- 
 
 SAXIFRAGE, BURNET, Pimpinella saxi- 
 fraga — s. GranuUe, Saxifraga , granulata — s. 
 Meadow, Peucedanum silau^^s. White, Saxi- 
 fraga granulata. 
 
 SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic. 
 
 SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, pre- 
 pared with the roots of the wild and cultivated 
 angelica; the asclepias vincetoxicum, &c. It 
 was considered formerly as an antidote. — 
 Pharm. Aug. 
 
 SCAB, from Sca'hies, and scahere, ' to dig.' 
 An incrustfition which forms upon a sore, 
 owing to the concretion of the fluid discharged 
 from it. An eschar. 
 
 Scabby or Scabbed ; covered or diseased with 
 scabs. 
 
 SCABIES, Psora— s. Agria, Lichen— s. Ca- 
 pitis, Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo scutulata — s. 
 Capitis favosa, Porrigo favosa — s. Fera, Ecthy- 
 ma — 3. Ferina, Psoriasis — s. Papuliformis, Pru- 
 
 rigo-^s. Sicca, Lichen — s. Sicca, Psoriasis-^s. 
 Venerea contagiosa, Scherlievo. 
 SCABIEUSE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa. 
 SCABIOLA, Scabies. 
 
 SCABIO'SA, S. Arven'sis, Field^ca'Uous, 
 (F.) Seabieuse ordinaire. Family, Dipsaceae. 
 Sex. Syst. Tetrapdria Monogynia. The plant 
 is 'bitter and subastringent, and was formerly 
 used in the cure of leprous affections and dis- 
 eased lungs. 
 
 Scabiosa Aevensis, Scabiosa — s. Carduifolia, 
 Echinops. ^ 
 
 Scabiosa Svcci'sk, Succisa, Morsus Diab'oli, 
 Devil's bit, (F.) Mors du Diable, has similar 
 properties. 
 
 SCABIOUS, Erigefon Philadelphicum— s. 
 Field, Scabiosa— =s. Sweet, Erigeron hetero- 
 phyllum. 
 - SCABISH, CEnothera biennis. 
 SCABRITIES, Lichen. - 
 SCALA, ' a ladder.' A machine formerly 
 used for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 
 , ScALiE • OP THE Coch'I/E A, Gyri seu Ductus 
 spira'les seu Can-a'les cochlea, (F.) Ra/iti^es ou 
 Achelles dp, Umaqon-^^Te the cavities in the 
 cochlea, separated froni each other by the spiral 
 septum. The one — Scala inter'na seu poste'- 
 rior seu inferior coch'leap, S. Tym'pani — would 
 communicate with the cavitas tympani by the 
 fenestra rotunda, were it not for the membrane 
 that closes it. The other — Scala exter'na seu 
 ante'rior seu superior coch'lea, S. vestib'uli — 
 opens into the cavity of the vestibule. The 
 scalje communicate with each other by an 
 opening at the top of the partition. 
 
 SoALA Anterior Cochlea, see Scsila — s. 
 Clausa, see Scala — s. Externa cochleae, see 
 Scala — s. Inferior cochleas, see" Scala — a. Inte- 
 rior cochlesB, see Scala — s. Posterior cochlea;, 
 see Scala — s. Superior, cochleae, see Scala — s. 
 Tympani; see Cochlea and Scala — s. Vestibuli, 
 see Cochlea and Scala. 
 
 SCALE, SquoTna,' Lepis, (F.) ^caille. An 
 opake and thickened lamina of cuticle ; com- 
 monly produced by some degree of inflamma- 
 tion of the true skin, over which it is formed. 
 Scale, Dry, Psoriasis. 
 SCALkNE ANTiRIETTR, Scalenus Snticus 
 — s. Fosterieur, Scalenus posticus. 
 
 SCALE'NUS; ' irregular or tmequal.' Geo- 
 meters eftiploy this word todesignate a triang^le 
 whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists 
 have given the name to two muscles. 1. Sca- 
 lenus Ahti'.cus, Portion of the Costo-trachelian, 
 (Ch.) (F.) Scalhie anterieur, is situate at the 
 lateral and inferior parts of the neck. It is 
 long and triangular ; ind is inserted, below, at 
 the tipper surface of the first rib; and, above, 
 at the anterior tubercle of the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical ver- 
 tebrae. This muscle bends the neck, and draws 
 it to its side. It can also raise the first rib. 
 2. Scalenus Posti'cus, (F.) Scallne posterieur, 
 Portion of the Costo-trachelian, (Ch.,) is situ- 
 ate behind the last. It is also long and trian- 
 gular; but more bulky than the S. amicus. It 
 is attached, below, to the ' outer surface of the 
 first two ribs ; and terminates, above, at the 
 summit of the transverse processes of the last 
 six vertebrffi of the neck. This muscle bends 
 the neck laterally, and can elevate the first two 
 ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and Som- 
 mering, have described five scaleni muscles on 
 
SCALL 
 
 759 
 
 SCAPULA 
 
 each side, and have called them Scalenus prior, 
 S. min'imns, S. Iqtera'Hs, S, me'dius, S. poi- 
 ti'cus. Riolan and Chaussier only descrihe one 
 scalenus muscle on each side. Cowper ?nd 
 Douglas, and the generality of the English ana- 
 tomists, admit three, S. anti'cus, me'dius, and 
 posti'cHs; or Primus, secun'dus, and ter'tius; — 
 Winslow, Boyer and many of the French ana- 
 tomists, — two, as ahove described. 
 
 SCALL, Impetigo — s. Asbestos, see Eczema 
 of the hairy scalp^s. Dry, Psoriasis — s. Honey- 
 comb, Porrigo favosa — 8. Milky, Porrigo larvalis 
 — 8. Running, Impetigo — s. Running, Eczema 
 — B. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis diifusa. 
 
 SCALLED HEAD, Porrigo scutulata. 
 
 SCALP, Tent. Schelpe, ' a. shell.' The. 
 integuments covering the head. The hairy 
 scalp is called, also, Capillifium, Tricho'ton, 
 (F.) Chevelure. 
 
 SCALPEL, Scalpel'lnm, Scalpel'liis, Cul- 
 ter, Ineiso'rium, Smi'leon; from scdlpo, ' I 
 rasp, I cut.' A cutting instrument, formed of 
 a blade of well-tejnpered steel, very sharp,, of 
 variable shape and size, and fixed solidly in a 
 hdndle. Its use is- to divide" the soft parts in 
 operations, dissection, &c. 
 • SCALPELLCTM, Scalpel— s. Lenticulare, 
 Phacopis. 
 
 SCALPELLUS, Bistonri, Scalpel. 
 
 SCALPEUM, Bistonri. 
 
 SCALPRUM, Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum, 
 Lancet. 
 
 ScALPEUM Denta'rium, Lima denta'ria; A 
 tooth file. A file used by the dentist. 
 
 ScALPRcM Rasoricm, Raspatorium. 
 
 SCALY, Squamous. 
 
 Scaly Diseases or Squama, Lepido'ses, form 
 the second order in Willan and Bateman's 
 •ystem of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 SCAMMA, Fossa. 
 
 SCAMMONAE D'ALEP, Convolvulus 
 scammonia. 
 
 SC AMMONIUM, see Convolvulus scammo- 
 nia — s. Syriacum, Convolvulus scammonia. 
 
 SCAMMONY, Convolvulus scammonia^s. 
 of Montpellier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum. 
 
 SCAMNaN HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. 
 
 SC AMNUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron Hip- 
 pocrati'oii of Galen, (F.) Banc d'Hippocrate. A 
 machine invented by Hippocrates for reducing 
 fractures. It was a sort of bed, six feet long ; 
 on which the patient was fixed. Straps were 
 attached above and belovv the fracture or luxa- 
 tion, and extension and counter-extension were 
 effected by a winch. It is described in Galen, 
 Oribasius, Scultetus, &c. 
 
 SCANDIX, S. cerefolium. 
 
 ScANDix Cereto'lium, Scandix, Scandyx, 
 Pecten Ven'eris'^^r'efolium, Dancus Septin'ius, 
 Chfzrophyl'lnm, Ch. Sati'vitm, Anthris'cus r.e- 
 rcfolilim, Chserefo'liumi Chervil, (F.) Cerfeuil. 
 Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
 Digynia. A culinary herb, which is slightly 
 aromatic and grateful. It- is said to be gently 
 aperient and diuretic. 
 
 SoANDix Odoka'ta; Sweet Cic"ely. Proper- 
 ties the same as the other. Also, Chaerophyl- 
 lum odoratum. 
 
 SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathe- 
 nar, Transversus pedis. 
 
 SCANDYX, Scandix cerefolium. 
 
 SCAPHA, Scaphus, 'a skiff or cock-boat;' 
 from axamoi, ' I make hollow.' The excavation 
 
 or cavity of the exteriial ear, between the helix 
 and anthelix. The meatus auditorius externns. 
 The rima vulvae. Also the name of a bandage 
 for the heatl, mentioned by Galen, and caljcd 
 likewise, Tholus Diocle'us. 
 
 SCAPHIA, Nates. 
 
 SCAPHION, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule.) 
 
 SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RE, Pelvis Ocula'ri!^, 
 Eye-glass, (F.) Bassin oculaire, Gondole ocn- 
 laire, (Eil^iire. A small porcelain glass or me- 
 tallic vessel used for applying lotions to the eye. 
 
 SCAPHO-CARPO-SUPER-PHALANGEUS 
 POLLICIS, Abductor poUicis brevis. 
 
 SCAPHOID, Scaphoi'des, from oz«i))tj, ' a 
 skiff,' and sidog^ 'form.' A' name given to 
 several parts. 
 
 Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa Scaphoi'des, (F.) E>i- 
 foncement Scaphoide. A small cavity at thu 
 upper part of the internal alaof the pterygoid 
 process, in which the peristaphylinus internus 
 is attached. j 
 
 Scaphoid Bone of the Hand, Os Scaphoides 
 Manus, Os navicula'rS, Os'cymbifor'ml, Boat- 
 like hone, (F.) Scapho'ide de la Tnain. The 
 first boiie of the ^rst row of the carpus. The 
 upper surface is convex, and articulated with the 
 radius. The under, and outer surfaces are also 
 convex, — to be articulated with the, trapezium 
 and trapezoides. Between the upper and under 
 caxtilaginous surfaces there is a. rough fossa for 
 the insertion of the. capsular ligament. The 
 anterior and inner surface has an oval cavity, 
 where it is articulated with the os magnum, 
 which gives name to the bone. There is a 
 process on the outer end of the bone, for the 
 attachment of part pf the ant^erior transverse 
 ligament of the vvrist. 
 
 Scaphoid Bone of the Foot, Os Scapho'ides 
 Pedis, Os navicHJa're^ Os cymhifor'me. Boat- 
 like bone, (F.) Scapho'ide du Pied,- This hone 
 is situate at the forepart of the astragalus and 
 inner part of the foot.^ The' posterior surface 
 forms a cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, 
 for receiving the head of the astragalus. There 
 is a prominence at the inner side of the bone, 
 for the insertion of tendons, muscles, and strong 
 ligaments. The forepart of the bone is convex, 
 and divided into three articular surfaces for ar- 
 ticulation vvith the ossa cuneiformia. Between 
 the OS naviculare and astragalus, the foot has its 
 principal lateral and rotary motions ; although 
 each of the other joints of the tarsus contribut(^.? 
 a little. Part of the tibialis posticus is inserted 
 into it. .' , 
 
 SVAPHOIDE OE LA MAIN, Os sca- 
 phoides manus — s.du Pied. Os scaphoides pedis. 
 
 SCApHOiDO-ASTRAG'ALAN, Scb;7AoMo 
 astragala'mis. That which relates to the sea 
 phoid bone and astragalus. The articulation of. 
 these'bonesisso called; and the ligament which, 
 strengthens it is termed the Scapho'ido-astrn- 
 galan ligament. 
 
 ^CA.VUOtDO-CVSOVD.Scaphoido-cuboida'- 
 us. That which relates to the scaphoid and 
 cuboid bones. The articulation of those bones 
 is so called. 
 
 SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa. 
 
 SCAPHUS, Auditory canal, external, Rima 
 vulvae, Scapha. 
 
 SCAP'ULA, Seapftdum, Plata, Omopla'ta, 
 Homoplata, Scop'tnla, Epino'tion, Latitu'do 
 hu'meri, Omop'latl, Os latum hu'meri. Scutum 
 thora'cis seu cordis, Spath'ula,Pteryg'ium,Che- 
 
SCAPULAR 
 
 76a 
 
 SCARLATINA 
 
 lo'niumySpat'ula; the Blatle-ha}ie,the Shoulder- 
 blade, (F.) Omoplate. An irregular, broad, flat 
 bone, of a triangular shape, situate at the pos- 
 terior part of theshoulder. It has, 1. A pos- 
 terior or dorsal surface or Dorsum, Testu'do 
 scap'ula, divided transversely, into two parts, 
 by a triangular process, called Spine of the 
 Scapula; which terminates by a considerable 
 eminence, called Acromion. Above the spine, 
 is the Fossa supra-spinata; below it, the F. 
 infra-spinata. 2. An anterior or costal surf age,. 
 or venter, forming t]xe,Fossa suhscapidaris. 3. 
 A superior or cervical edge, which is thin, and 
 terminates, anteriorly, by a strong, curved apo- 
 physis, called the coracoid process. 4. A pos- 
 terior or vertebral edge, called, also, the base. 
 5. An outer or axillary ov inferior edge, bsv'mg 
 a thick, truncated angle, in which is the glenoid 
 cavity. With this is articulated the head of the 
 hurherus. The glenoid cavity is separated from 
 the body of the bone by a narrow'er part, called 
 the cervix or nec/i. The edges or margins are, 
 also, called castas. The scapula has three angles 
 — an inferior, superior, and anterior. 
 
 Scapula, Humerus. 
 
 SoAPULJE Nasi^ Partes latera'les nasi. The 
 lateral parts of the nose. 
 
 SCAP'ULAB, Scap'ulary, Scapula'ris, from 
 scapula, ' the shoulder-blade.' That which re- 
 lates or belongs to the scapula. 
 
 Scapulae. Aponeurd'sis, A bro^d, thin, 
 aponeurosis. With decussating fibres ; which is 
 attached, above, to the spine of the scapula; 
 belotD, to" a crest between the teres major and 
 infra-spinatus; within, to the spinal edge of the 
 scapula ; and which, at its middle, unites with 
 'the thin aponeurosis that covers a part of the 
 external surface of the deltoid. 
 
 ScAPULAB. Arteries. These are seyeral. 
 a. The Superior scapular, Superficial scapular 
 of Sommering, Dorsa'lis scapulce ■ superior, 
 Transversa'lis scapulse, T. Hu'meri. This 
 arises from the subclavian ; and often from the 
 inferior thyroid, or from a trunk common to it 
 and the posterior scapular or transverse scapu- 
 lar or cervical. It passes behind the clavicle, 
 above the superior edge of the scapula, and bu- 
 ries itself- between the dorsal surface of that 
 bone and the muscles inserted into it. b. The 
 inferior scapular or common scapular or inter- 
 nal scapzdar or subscapular artery, A. Thorac''- 
 ica axilla'ri's vel (da'ris, is of considerable size. 
 It arises from the -inferior part of the axillary 
 artery, behind the brachial plexus — gives off 
 several branches to the armpit, and divides into 
 two branches : — the one, Scapula'ris interna, 
 and the smaller of the two, is distributed, almost 
 entirely, to the serratus major anticus, and la- 
 tissimus dorsi ; the other, the larger of the two, 
 the Dorsa'lis Scap'ulae inferior vel Circumfiex'a 
 Scapula'ris, which distributes its branches to 
 the subscapular and supra-spinal, and infra-spi- 
 nal regions. 
 
 Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular. 
 
 Scapular Veiks follow the same course as 
 the arteries, which they accompany. 
 
 SCAPULARE, Scapulary. 
 
 SCAP'ULARY, Scapula're, Fascia Scapula'- 
 ris, from scapula. A broad, linen bandage, 
 divided into two tails for three quarters of its 
 length, the undivided extremity of which is 
 attached to the posterior and middle part of a 
 bandage carried round the body; the tails pass- 
 
 ing over the shoulders; and being attached to 
 the anterior part of the body bandage, to pre- 
 vent it from slipping down. 
 
 SCAP'ULO-HU'MERAL. , An epithet given 
 to the shoulder-joint. It is an orbiQular articu- 
 lation, resulting from the reception of the head 
 of the humerus into the, glenoid ca,vity of the" 
 scapula. To keep the bones in connexion, 
 there are ^l. A very strong, conoidal capsular 
 ligament; passing, from the circumference of 
 the glenoid cavity around the neck of the hu- 
 merus. 2. A Jibro-cartilaginous ring, called 
 the glenoid ligament, and a synovial capsule. 
 
 SCAPULO-HUMARAL; Teres major—*. 
 Humero-oUcranien, I^riceps extensor cubiti — 
 
 Hyo'idien, Omohyoideus — s. Radial, Biceps 
 flexor cubiti — *. Trochiterien, grand,loiia.-ST^\- 
 natus. 
 
 SCAPUS, Penis. 
 
 SCARAB^OLUS HEMISPHiERICUS, 
 Coccus cacti. 
 
 SCAR'BOROUGH, MI.XERAL WATERS 
 OF. Scarborough Spa. A celebrated English 
 chalybeate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire. One 
 of the springs is a simple, carbonated chaly- 
 beate, like that of Tunbridge : the other has an 
 admixture of purging salt. Scarborough, having 
 the additional advantage of sea-bathing, is much 
 frequented by invalids. 
 
 SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'is, (F.) 
 Clignement, from rxajijx^uaaetr, 'to wink.' 
 Winking, nictation. 
 
 SCARIFICATION, Scarifica'tio, (Galen,) 
 Amyx'is, Schasis, patacasmu's, Catachas mus, 
 Am/yg'mus, Schasmus, Encharax'is, from trxa- 
 Qitpnof^m, ' to make a slight scratch.' The act 
 of scarifying. Also, a small incision, Am'yche, 
 made into the skin with a lancet, bistoury, or 
 scarificator, for different therapeutical purposes, 
 
 as to draw blood, or to discharge some ef- 
 fused fluid. When the scarifications, are very 
 superficial, and do not go farther tha,n the skin, 
 they are termed by the French, Mouchetures. 
 
 SCARIFICATOR, Scarificato'rium, Schas- 
 te'rium. An instrument for making scarifica- 
 tions. It consists of a small brass box, of a 
 cubical shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet points 
 turn upon a common pivot. By means of a 
 spring, all these blades can be made to issue at 
 once, and make as many scarifications. 
 
 SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator. 
 
 SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca 
 scariola. 
 
 SCARIOLE, Cichorium endivia. 
 
 SCARLATA, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCARLATITVA, from scarlatto (I.), 'adeep 
 red.' Scarlata, Enanthe'sis Rosa'lia, Rosa'- 
 lia,Rossa'lia, R.sgua7no's'a,Rosa'lise, Rube'olx, 
 of some, Morbil'li ig'nei, M.confluen'tes, Mor- 
 bus scarlatino' siis, Febris scairlatino'sa, Gutf- 
 turis mo-fb^i^s epiden^icxis Forest'i,Pur'pura, Ty- 
 phus scarlati'nus, Febris rubra. Scarlet Fever, 
 Rash-fever, Porphyris'mus, Porphyrisma, (F.) 
 Fiivre rouge, F. pourpree. The characteristic 
 symptoms of scarlatina are : — a scarlet flush, ap- 
 pearing about the second day of fever on the face, 
 neck, and fauces ; and progressively spreading 
 over the body; terminating about the 7th day. 
 Two great varieties may be reckoned; — the S. 
 simplex, S, febris, S. benig'na, S.sine angi'na, in 
 which the fever is moderate and terminates with, 
 the efflorescence ; prostration of strength being 
 trifling, and the contagious property slight;— 
 
SCARLET BERRY 
 
 761 
 
 SCHOOL 
 
 and the S. Angino'sa, S. Faristhmit'iea, S. Cy- 
 nane/i'iea, S. mif'ior, in which the fever is se- 
 vere ; the throat vdcerated ; the eruption later 
 in 'its appearance, and less extensive; often 
 changing to a livid hue; the fever being highly 
 contagious. Scarlatina mcUig'na, S. gra'vior, 
 has been reckoned a variety of this, in its vrorst 
 degree. It agrees, virith the Cyhanche maligna 
 ofCuUen. 
 
 Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata, 
 and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The 
 eruption differs from measles, in being an efflo- 
 rescence not raised above the cuticle. Mea- 
 sles, too, is attended v^ith catarrhal symptoms, 
 whilst the complication, in scarlatina, is cy- 
 nanche. The treatment of simple scarlatina 
 need not be much. It must be antiphlogistic. 
 If the throat be very much ulcerated, acid gar- 
 gles and counter-irritants must be employed ; 
 and if the affection become manifestly typhoid, 
 and the sore throat of a malignant character, 
 the case must be treated like typhus gravior ; 
 along with antiseptic gargles of bark, acid, &c. 
 Anasarca sometimes supervenes on scarlatina, 
 and requires attention. Purgatives are here 
 demanded as well as the use of sorbefacients, 
 such as mercury and squill, &c. 
 
 Scarlatina Anhinosa, see Scarlatina — s. 
 Benigna, see Scarlatina — s.^ Cynanchica, see 
 Scarlatina — s. Febris, see Scarlatina — s. Gra- 
 vior, see Scartatina-i— s. Mitior, see Scarlatina-^ 
 s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Paristhmitica, see Scar- 
 latina — s. Pustulosa, Rubeola — s. Rheumatica, 
 Dengue — s. sine Angina, see Scarlatina — s. Ur- 
 ticata, Urticaria. 
 
 SCARLET BERRY, Solanum dulcamara. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina. 
 
 SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
 
 SCELAL'GIA, from o-xAoc, 'the leg,-' and 
 stAyoc, ' pain.' Pain of the leg. 
 
 SoELALGiA PnEKPEBABtM, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens. 
 
 SCELETEU'SIS. Mummification. Also, 
 the mode of making a skeleton, S&eletopa'a, 
 Syntax'is. • ' 
 
 SCELETOLOGIA, Skeletology. 
 
 SCELETON, Skeleton. 
 
 SCELETOPCEA, Sceleteusis. 
 
 SCELETUM, 'Skeleton---s. Artificiale, see 
 Skeleton — s. Naturale, see Skeleton. 
 
 SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia dolens. 
 
 SCELORRHED'MA, Rheumatis'mus cruris, 
 from o-KeJos, 'the leg,' and jEUjua, 'defluxion, 
 rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the leg. 
 
 SCELOS, Leg. 
 
 SCELOTYRBE, Chorea, Porphyra nautica 
 — s. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum — s. Fes- 
 linans. Paralysis agltans — s. Tarantismus, 
 Chorea. 
 
 SCEPARNONj Amnios, Ascia. 
 
 SCEPASTERIUM, Gouvrechef. 
 
 SCEPASTRUM, Couvreckef. 
 
 SCEPTRUM, Penis. 
 
 SCHASIS, Scarification. 
 
 SCHASMUS, Scarification. 
 
 SCHASTERION, Fleam, Lancet, Scarifica- 
 tor. 
 
 SCHEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SCHERBET', Sherbetf, Serbet', Tsekerbet, 
 Sarbe'thiim, Sorbet'tum, Sorbe'tum. A drink 
 prepared by the Turks, Persians, &c., with 
 sugar and the juice of acid fruits. 
 49 
 
 SCHERLIEVO, Mai di Scherlievo, Mai di 
 Sreno, Mai di Fiwme, Margaretizza, Morbus 
 Croatus, Frambce'-sia Illy r'ica,M.flU7ninien' sis, 
 Palcadiv-a, Malo di Scarlievo, Scabies venerea 
 coniagio'sa. A name given to a particular form 
 of syphilis, observed in lUyria. It is Said to 
 be capable of being communicated without im- 
 mediate contact; and, that its prinpipal symp- 
 toms are ;— pains intht; bones, ulceration of the 
 fauces, pustules, and fungous growths in diffe- 
 rent parts of the body. 
 
 SCHERO'MA. A dryness of the eye from 
 the want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries. 
 
 SCHIAS, Neuralgia femorOTpoplitaea. 
 
 SCHIDAKE'DON, Schidace'dum,Schinda- 
 ce'dwm, Schindal'amus, Schindal'mus, from oki" 
 Cm, ' I cleave.' A longitudinal fracture of a 
 bone. — Galen. > 
 
 SCHINDACEDUM, Schidakedon. 
 
 SCHINDALAMUS, Schidakedon, Schindy- 
 
 " SCHINDALESIS, Schindylesis. 
 
 SCHINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindyle- 
 sis. 
 
 SCHINDYLE'SIS, Schindale'sis, Schindal'- 
 amus, Schindal'mus. An articulation of bones 
 — by furrowing, as it were ; as in that of the 
 vomer, which constitutes, in part, the septum 
 harium. Also, the act of splitting into small 
 pieces ; from o-o^wiuxtiu, ' I split into small 
 pieces.' — Hippocrates. 
 
 SCHINELjE'ON, from <r;('iioc, 'the mastic 
 tree,' and f\aiov, 'oil;' Oleum lentis'cinum. 
 Oil of mastic. — Dioscorides. 
 SCHINOCEPHALUS, Scillocephalus. 
 SCHINOS, Scilla. 
 SCHISMA, Fissure, Rima. ' 
 . SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS,from ir;f/!rToc,' cleft, 
 separated,' and ics?aMj, 'head.' A mbnster 
 having some part of the head cleft or fissured. 
 — Gurlt. 
 
 SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from ffjio-Tos, ' cleft, 
 separated,' and xot^fioz, 'trunk.' A monster 
 having some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. 
 —Gurlt. 
 
 SCHISTOM'ELtJS, from o^k-vc^, 'cleft, se- 
 parate,' and ^iJoc, ' a limb.' A monster whose 
 limbs are fissured. 
 SCHIZA, Rinia, Rima vulvae. 
 SCHIZATRICH'IA, Tiickos'ckisis, Schizo- 
 trich'ia, from <r;f ifa, ' a cleft,' ' a split,' and 
 ^515, 'a hair.' The splitting of the hairs at 
 their extremities. — J. P. Frank. 
 
 SCHLANGENBAD, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Schlangenbad is a much frequented water- 
 ing place in Germany. The waters contain a 
 little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda. 
 Temperature 86° Fahrenheit. 
 
 SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitary 
 membrane. 
 
 SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
 SCHOLA, School. 
 
 SCHOOL, Schola. Ti place of edupation. (F.) 
 Acole. In Europej the large Medical Schools 
 are usually attached to the universities. In 
 England, however, there has been no medical 
 school of celebrity at either of the universities 
 of Oxford or Cambridge ; owing greatly to their 
 provincial situation. Of late, two schools have 
 existed in London, attached to the London uni- 
 versity — University college and King's college. 
 Excellent private schools have, however, long 
 existed in that metropolis. The medical schools 
 
SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN 
 
 762 
 
 SCIRRHOPHTHALMIA 
 
 of Europe which have been most celebrated are 
 those of Edinburgh; Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tu- 
 bingen, Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua, Pa- 
 via, and Pisa. In the United States, the medi- 
 cal schools are numerous ; at this time not fewer 
 than 30 or 40. Those most numerously attend- 
 ed are the medical department of the Un(versi- 
 ty of Pennsylvania, Jefferson Medical College of 
 Philadelphia, the University of the City of New 
 York, and the Louisville' Medical Institute. 
 
 SCPOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL 
 WATERS OF. The waters of this New Jer- 
 sey Spring are chalybeate. According /to Dr. 
 McNevin, they contain extractive, chloride of 
 sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride of mag- 
 nesium, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, car- 
 bonate of magnesia, silex, and carbonate, and 
 oxide of iron. 
 
 SCHORBUTUS, Purpura. 
 . SCHOUSB^A COCCINEA, Cacoucia coc- 
 cinea. 
 
 SCHWALBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Schwalbach is a town of Germanyj seatedon 
 the Aa, 33 miles west of Frankfort. The wa- 
 ters contain chloride of sodium, carbonates of 
 lime and magnesia, iron, sulphateof lime, carbo- 
 nicacid,and oxygen, &c. Employedaffa tonic. 
 
 SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE OF, 
 see Substance, white, of Schwann. 
 
 SOHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. These waters are about 5 leagues irom 
 Munich in Bavaria. They contain carbonic 
 acid ; carbonate and sulphate of lime, chloride 
 of calcium; chloride of magnesium; carbonate 
 of soda, and oxide of iron, and are much used 
 for cutaneous affections'. 
 
 SClAT'lC)Isohiat'ic,Ischiat'icui,Sciat'ieus, 
 from la-fyiav, ' the haunch.' A word formed by 
 contraction from ischiatie, which latter is still 
 used. See Ischiatie. 
 
 Sciatic Nerve, Great, JVervus ischiad'icus, 
 Great femo'ro poplite'al (Ch.) (F.) Grand nerf 
 sciaiique, ought to be esteemed a continuation 
 of the sacral plexus. It issues from the pelvis 
 between the pyramidalis and superior geniellus ; 
 descends along the posterior part of the thigh; 
 and after having given branches to the gemini, 
 quadratus, obturator externus, glutffius maxi- 
 mus, semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, bi- 
 ceps and third adductor muscles, it divides, 
 about the inferior third of the thigh, into two 
 branches ; the one, named the external popliteal ; 
 the other, the internal'. 
 
 Sciatic ^ Nerve, Lesser, Inferior glvJteal 
 branch of the sacral plexus, lesser fem'oro-pop- 
 lite'al nerve, (Ch.) (F.) Nerf -petit sciatique, 
 which seems especially formed by the 2d and 
 3d sacral, is given off from the lower part ' of 
 the plexus, and escapes from the pelvis beneath 
 the pyramidalis muscle. It gives branches to 
 the glutaeus maximus, — a sciatic branch or in- 
 fra-pelvic cutaneous, which passes under the 
 tuberosity of the , ischium, and furnishes fila- 
 ments to the glutaeus maximus, and to the mus- 
 cles of the perinEEum, urethra, penis, scrotum, 
 &c., — and 01 posterior femoral cutaneous branch, 
 the filaments of which traverse the femoral apo- 
 neurosis to be distributed on the skin of the 
 posterior part of the thigh. The principal 
 branch of the lesser sciatic nerve divides, near 
 the ham, into two or three filaments, which de 
 scend under the integuments almost as far -as 
 the inferior part of the leg. 
 
 Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fora'men, 
 Incisu'ra ischicbd'ica fnajor, (F.) Grandi echan- 
 xrure sci'atique ou grand trou sciatique, is a 
 large notch at the posterior edge of each os in- 
 nominatum, below the posterior and inferior 
 iliac spine, which is converted into a foramen 
 by the sacrum and sacro-soiatic ligaments. The 
 lesser sciatic iiotch^ Incisu'ra Ischiad'icaminpr, 
 Luna Albi'ni, (F.) Petite iehancrure ischia- 
 tique, is much smaller than the last, from which 
 it is separated by the sciatic spine. It gives 
 passage to the tendon of the obturator internus, 
 and. to the internal pudic vessels and nerves. 
 
 Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region. 
 
 Sciatic Spine, Spine of the Ischium, Spinous 
 Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyra? 
 midal eminence on the os innominatum, above 
 the preceding foramen; which gives insertion 
 to the lesser sacro-sciatic ligainent. 
 
 SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
 
 SCIB, Saw. 
 
 SCIENTiA HERMETICA, Alchymy--s. 
 Medendi, Medicina — s. Medica, Medicina. 
 
 SCIERO'PIA, from crxisQue, ' shady,' and onp, 
 ' the eye.' A defect of vision, in which all ob- 
 jects have a darker hue than natural. 
 
 SCILLA, Scilla maritHma, Scylla, Aschil, 
 Schinos, . Oc'ulus. Typho'nis, Ornitho'g'ahfm^ 
 marit'imu'm^ Squilla,. squill or sea onion, 
 Eye of Typhon, (F.) Ognon marin. Fa- 
 mily, Liliaeeas. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogy- 
 nia. Native of Spain, Austria, &c. The bulb 
 or root of the squill has a bitter, nauseous 
 taste, and is extremely acrid; inflaming the 
 skin when rubbed on it. Its acrimony, on 
 which its virtues depend, is destroyed by heat, 
 drying, and keeping. It is extracted by vine- 
 gar, spirit, and water. In large doses, squill 
 is emetic and purgative; in small doses, diu- 
 retic, and expectorant. Its active principle 
 has been called scillitine. Dose, gr. j to v of 
 the dried root, united or not with mercury. 
 
 SCILLOCEPH'ALUS,ScAiKocfpA'a/Mi,from 
 (Tx/ii*, * a bulbous rooted plant, the squill,' and 
 zspaxi;, 'head.' One who has a large bulbiform 
 head. 
 
 SCINCUS, o-Kiyxot, or o-ziyyos. A speoies of 
 Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, . and 
 much extolled by the ancients, as alexipharmic 
 and aphrodisiac. 
 
 SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a relic of Ve- 
 nus.' A name given, by Paracelsus, to the im- 
 potence and loss of power in the limbs, produced 
 by syphilis. 
 
 SCIOM'ACHY, SMorna'chia, Skiamachia ; 
 from OKiix, ' a shade,' and jia/ti, 'a fight.' An 
 exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a 
 mock encounter at boxing and jumping with 
 one's own shadow. 
 
 SCIRRHE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS,seeScleriasis. 
 
 SCIRRHOCELE, Orchepcele scirrhosa. 
 
 SCIRRHOGAS'TRIA, (F.) Squirrogastrie ; 
 Scirrhus ventric'uli; from a-xiQ^tc, 'hard,' and 
 •/ooTt;5 , ' stomach.' Scirrhus of the stomach. 
 
 SCIR'RHOID, Scirrhoi'des, Scirrho'des, from 
 aKiQsios, 'scirrhus,' and eiSog, 'resemblance.' 
 Resembling scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus. 
 
 S C I RRHOPHTHAL'MIA, Snrrhophthal'- 
 mus, from o-xiegof, ' scirrhus,' and (Kf^a/ftoc, 
 ' the eye,' Cancer ocfuli. Cancer of the eye. 
 
BCIEKHOSARGA NEONATORUM 763 
 
 SCLEROTITIS 
 
 SOIEEHOPHIHALMIA PaLFEEKAEUM, 366 Scl6- 
 
 riasis. 
 
 gCIRRHOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indu- 
 ration of th6 cellular tissue. 
 
 SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'suf! same etymon as 
 scinhus. Of or belonging to scirrhus,. 
 
 Scirrhous Saroo'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em- 
 phy'ma sarco'mct sdrrho' sum. Hard, rigid, 
 vascular infarction of, glandular follicles; in- 
 dolent, insentient, glabrous ;' sometimes, shrink- 
 ing and becoming more indurated. Found in 
 glandalous structures. 
 
 SCJRRHUS, Squirrkus, Scirrho'ma, Scir- 
 rho'sis, Cancer scirrko'sus, CarciTio'ina simplex, 
 C. fibro'sum, Indura'tio malig!na, Schirrus, 
 Sclerus, Carcinom'atous sarco'ma, Hard cancer^ 
 Fibrous cancer; from oxifjoc, 'hard,' 'indu- 
 rated;' (F.) Squirre, Schirre, SMrre. ' A dis- 
 ease,,so called from the hardness that character- 
 izes it. It is a state of induration, of a pecu- 
 liar kind, affecting glandular structures gene- 
 rally, but capable of occurring in other tex- 
 tures. It usually precedes carcinoma, of which 
 it may, indeed, be considered as the first stage 
 Scirrhus must not be confounded with the indu- 
 ration which succeeds inflammation, although 
 the, two states are often complicated, and may 
 stand, occasionally, in the relation of cause and 
 effect to each other. Scirrhus is ordinarily ac- 
 companied by violent shooting pains. It is also 
 irregular on its surface; and when cut into has 
 a bluish or grayish white colour. When the 
 surgeon is satisfied of the existence of scirrhus 
 he had better remove it at once. No other 
 treatment seems to possess much advantage. 
 
 Galen uses the term S cirrlw' sis foi, a livid 
 excrescence caused by inflammation. " 
 
 SeiREBDS ET Carcinoma ^Ventriouli, see 
 Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — s. Hepatis, 
 Hepatoscirrhus^ — ?. Intestinorum, Enteropathia 
 cancerosa — s. Palpebrarum/ see Scleriasis — s. 
 Testiculi, Sarcocele — s. l/teri, Metroscirrhus — 
 5. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus. 
 
 SCISSORS, Forfex, Forpeat, Psatis, Tomis, 
 (F.) Ciseaux. A well known instrument in 
 common use, and often employed in surgery. 
 Scissors are composed of two cutting blades, 
 crossing each other and moving upon an axis. 
 They are straight or curved. Sometimes the 
 curve is onthe flat aide when they are called 
 in France Ciseaux a'^uiller ;, at others, on their 
 edges. The scissors, bent so that the blades 
 make an obtuse angle with the handles, are also 
 much used. They are called in Frane^e Ciseaux 
 cov-dis. Scissors are' used for dividing soft, 
 loose, isolated parts, which it would bg diflicult 
 to reach and to cut with the bistoury. They 
 are employed, likewise, in the operation for 
 harelip, and for removing warts, fungous ex- 
 crescences, &c. 
 
 SCISSURA, Fissure — s. Vulvae, see Rima. 
 
 SCISSUR^, Rhagades. 
 
 SCISSURE DE GL^SSS.Fissure, glenoid 
 — s, Grande mediane du Cervelet, Valleys*. 
 de Santorini, Santorini, fissure of. 
 
 SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 SCLEREMA, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SGLiRkME, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SCLEREMIA, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SCLEREMUS, Induration of the cellular 
 tissue. 
 
 SCLERENCEPHA'LIA, Indu'ratio cer'eiri, 
 from a-xKHQot, ' hard,' and tyxi^aXoi, ' the brain.' 
 (F.) Endurcissement du eerveau. Induration 
 of the brain. 
 
 SCLERIA, Scleriasis. 
 
 SCLERI'ASIS, Sclero'ma, Sclero'sis, ScW- 
 ria, Sclerys'mus, Seph'irus, from s'li/iijpsc, 
 ' hard.' Any kind of hardnesb or induration. 
 Sometimes hardness of the eyelids, Callo'^itfis 
 palpebra'nmi, Scirrhohlepharonfcusy,^ Scirrhoph- 
 thal'mia palpebra'riim, 'Scirrhus palpebra'rum; 
 at others, hardness of the genital organs of the 
 female; probably synpnymous with scirrhu?. — 
 Galen. Paulus. Hardness of bones, 'Fragil'- 
 itas Os'siunv, 
 
 SCLERITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 
 Scleroderma, induration of the cellular 
 
 SCLERODES, Sclerotic. 
 
 scleroma. Induration of the cellular tis- 
 sue, Scleriasis, 
 
 SCLEROkENINX, Dura mater. 
 
 SCLER0NYX;IS, Sclerotlconyxis. 
 
 SCLEROPHTHALBtlA, Hordeolum. 
 
 S'CLEROS, Hardi x » 
 
 BCLEROSARCO'MA, from -nhlot, 'hard,' 
 and cr05jt111.ua,' ' a fleshy tumour.' A hard, fleshy 
 tumour, seated on the gums, and resembling a 
 cook's conlb. 
 
 SCLEliOSIS, Induration of the cellular tis- 
 sue, Scleriasis, 
 
 SCUEROSTENOSIS cutanea. Indura- 
 tion of the cellular tissue. , 
 
 SCLEROT'IC, Selerot'i(;a, from a-tL^Q^o, ' I 
 harden.' Cornea, opa'ea, Sclero'des, Tunica 
 dura seu aibttgipned seu du'rior et crassHor seu 
 ex'tima seu alba 'peu-ean'dida se^ innomina'ta 
 oc'tili, Sclero'tis, (F.) Sclirotique. A hard, .re- 
 sisting, opate membrane ; of a pearly white 
 colour and fibrous nature, which cpvers nearly 
 the posterior four-fifths of the globe of the eye, 
 and has the form of a sphere truncated before. 
 It is -strengthened by the expansion of the mus- 
 cles' of the eye, to which- expansion many anato- 
 mists have given the name Tu'niea albugin'ea. 
 It forms the white of the eye, Albu'men, Albtim 
 oc'tili, Lon'chades, Log'ades^ - Loch'ades, Leu'~ 
 cades. The sclerotic is penetrated, posteriorly 
 by a round opening, for the passage of the -optic 
 nerve ; and, anteriorly, it has a much larger 
 opening, into which the transparent' cornea is 
 received. There are, besides, many small ob- 
 long apertures in it for the passage of nerves 
 and vessels, proceeding to the interior of the 
 eye. In the foetus, the sclerotic may be sepa- 
 rated into two very distinct laminae. 
 
 SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
 SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis. 
 SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Sderonyafis, Sclero- 
 tonyx'is, from jrKAjjgo?, ' hard^' and rvhi, ' punc- 
 turing.' Perforatioti of the sclerotica in the- 
 operation for cataract by depression. 
 SCLEROTICUS, Indurans. 
 SCL£ROTIQUE, Sclerotic. , 
 SCLEROTIS, Sclerotic. 
 SCLEROTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio SclerotHceg^ 
 Leud'tis, Lonchadi' tis , Logadi'tis, Scleri^tis. 
 Sclerodti'tis jRheitmat'ic ophthal'mia, Ophthal'- 
 mia arthrit'icafiom sclerotica, and 7;<j«,denoting 
 inflammation. Inflammation of the Sclerotic 
 coat of the eye. 
 
SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS 
 
 764 
 
 SCROFULA 
 
 SCLEROTIUM CLAVUS, see Ergot. 
 
 SCLERUNTICUS, Indur^ns. 
 
 SCLERUS, Induration, Scirrhus. 
 
 SCLERYNTICUS, Indurans. 
 
 SCLERTS'MA, from o-xJtoos, 'hard.' Indu- 
 ration; also, induration of the liver. — Bonet. 
 
 SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis. ~ 
 
 SCLIRUS,Scirrlius. 
 
 SCLOPETA'RIUS, from ^clopeMim, 'a gun.' 
 Relating to a gun. Hence, Aqua sdopista'ria, 
 a water for gunshot wounds. Vul'nera sclope- 
 ta'ria, gunShot wounds, &c. 
 
 SCLOPETOPLAG^, Wounds, gunshot. 
 
 SCOBS, Brisma^ Xystna, Rwinen'tuTii, Rasu'- 
 ra. A shaving, also, an aliali ; and the scoria 
 of any metal. 
 
 SCCENANTHUM, Juncus odoratus. 
 
 SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SCOLECIASIS, Helminthiasis. 
 
 SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
 
 SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
 
 SCOLIO'SIS, ScoHo'tho, Rhachio-seoUo'ma, 
 from a-xiXios, 'crooked.' A distortion of the 
 spine to one side. See Hump. 
 
 SCOLOPEND RA, Asplenium scolopen- 
 drium. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIA, Asplenium ceterach,'and 
 A. sco'lopdndrium. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIUM OFFICINARUM, As- 
 plenium scolopendrium. 
 
 SCOLOPOMACHiERION, from ™ao^a|, 
 ' the woodcock,' and '^a^aija, 'a'knife;' so 
 called because it is bent a little at the extremi- 
 ty like a ■woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt- 
 pointed bistoury. — Scultetus. 
 
 SCOLYMUS -SATIVDS, Cynafa scolymus. 
 
 SCOOP, Teut. Schoepe, Cochlea'rt, (Y.) 
 Curette. A surgical instrument of the shape 
 of a spoon, which is used for the extraction of 
 certain foreign bodies. ^ The scoop is often em- 
 ployed to extract balls, impacted, in the soft 
 parts ; to remove calculi from the urinary blad- 
 tlar in lithotomy, &c. A small scoop is some- 
 times used to extract foreign bodies from the 
 meatus auditdrius externus, nasal fossae, &c. 
 
 SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus. 
 
 SCOPARIUS, see Spartium scoparium. 
 
 "SCOPE, ffKOTij, Scop'ia, (t-kotf/*, Scopos, ^y.o- 
 •B-of , from o-KOTTiM, ' I look around.' A common 
 suffix to words meaning ' view, inspection,' as 
 craniojcopy, ^tethoscopy, &c. 
 
 SCOPTULA, Scopula. 
 
 SCOPULA, Brush. 
 
 SCOR, Excrement. 
 
 SCOB,ACKA.TI' A,Seoracra'sia,Scatacra'sia, 
 Scataerati'a, Copracrati'a, Copraerasia, Incon- 
 tinen'tia Alvi, from maq, ' excrement,' and 
 tinoitrta, ' want of control.' Want of power to 
 retain the faeces. Involuntary evacuation of 
 the faeces. 
 
 SCORBXTT, Porphyra nautica. Purpura he- 
 morrhagica — s. des Alpes, Pellagra — s. de 
 Terre, Purpura fatEmorrhagica. 
 
 SCORBU'TIC, Seorbu'ticus. That which 
 belongs to scurvy. One affected with scurvy. 
 
 SCORBUTUS, Purpura— s. Alpinus, Pella- 
 gra— s. Nauticus, Porphyra nautica — s. Oris, 
 Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
 
 SCORDIUM, Teucrium scordiunt. 
 
 ■SCORDON, Allium. 
 
 SCORITH, Sulphur. 
 
 SCORODON, Allium. 
 
 SCORPIODEX'IS,from axoQTzimv, < thescor- 
 pi'op,' and dtj^tg; 'bi:te:' — more-properly, Scor- 
 piostig'ma; from oxogTrimv, and OTiyi(o, 'punc- 
 ture.' The sting of the scorpion. 
 
 SCOR^PION, Scor'pio, Scorpius, from axog- 
 Tiiom, ' I puncture.' A genus'of insects havinga 
 sting at the extremity of theifTail, with which 
 they make dangerous wounds. An Oil of 
 Scorpion was once made from them, which ig 
 not now used. 
 
 SCORPIOSTIGUfA, Scorpiodexis. 
 
 SCORPIUS, Scorpion. 
 - SCORTUM, Scrotum. 
 
 SCORZONE'RA, S. hu'milis, Bscorzone'ra, 
 Vipera'na, Serpenta'ria Hispan'ica, Offio'H%aX 
 viper's grass. Viper's grass. Goat's grass. 
 Family, Cichoraceae. iiex. Syst. Syngenesia 
 Polygamia. The roots have been used as 
 alexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal disorders 
 and obstructions of the viscera. The root of 
 the Scorzonera Hispan'ica is esculent, but in- 
 efficacious ks a drug. 
 
 SCOTAS'MA, Scoto'ma, Scoto'dia, Scoto'sis, 
 Scotus; from axotog, ' darkness.' Obscurity of 
 virion, darkness. Suffa'sio ra'dians. Also 
 Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTODIN'IA, Scotoma, Dinus Scoto'ma, 
 Seotodi'ne, Tevebrico'saverti'go, Scotos, Scotas'- 
 ma, Scoto'sis, from axoTog, ' darkness,' and Jireio, 
 ' I turn round.' Giddiness, with impaired sight, 
 often succeeded by headache. See Vertigo. 
 
 SCOTOMA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia. 
 
 SCOTT'S ACID BATH, JYitro-muriafic acid 
 bath'. A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed 
 by Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic 
 diseases. Three pints by measure of muriatic 
 acidj and two of nitric acid, are mixed to form 
 the aqua regia. In preparing this for use, a 
 pint of it is mixed with an equal quantity of 
 water. The acid bath consists of three ounces 
 of this dilute acid to every gallon of water. 
 
 SCRATCH, Psora. 
 
 SCREATUS, Exareation. 
 
 SCRIPTULUM, Scruple. 
 
 SCRIPULtlM, Scruple, 
 
 SCRIPULUS„Scruple. 
 
 &CROBlC'VLVS,SeroUc'alum,0'.)Fossette. 
 A little ditch or furrow ; diminutive of Scrohs, 
 'a ditch.' 
 
 ^cs.OBic'Tii.vsCoviT>T.s,Antiear!dium,Froear'- 
 (F.) Fossette du cceur, Avant-caur, 
 Anticdur. The pit of the stomach. The de- 
 pression at the anterior part of the abdomen, 
 below the xiphoid cartilage. 
 
 ScROBicuLus Variola, Pockmark. 
 
 SCROFFiE, Scrofula. 
 
 SCROF'ULA, Scroph'ula, Scrophula; from 
 scrofa, ' a sow;' because swine were presumed 
 to be subject to a similar complaint. Scrophtt- 
 lo'sis. Morbus scrophulo'sus, Vit''ium scrophu- 
 lo'stim, Cacochym'ia seu Cachex'ia seu Dys- 
 cra'sia scrophulo'sa, F asdatroph'ia glandulo'sa, 
 Str-uma, Ckcerus, Coiras, Tabes Glandula'ris, 
 Adeno'sis scrofulo'sa, Scroffce, Ch-rwas, King's 
 evil. The Evil, Cruels {Scottieh), (F.) Scroph- 
 ules, Scrofules, Strumes, J^crouelles, Humours 
 froides, Tubercules des glandes lymphatiques, 
 Mai du Roi. A state of the system character- 
 ized by indolent, glandular tumours, chiefly in 
 
SCROFtTLAlRE 
 
 765 
 
 SEA-AIR 
 
 the neck ; suppurating slowly and imperfectly, 
 and healing with difficulty; the disease ordi- 
 narily occurring in those of a sanguine tempe- 
 rament, with thick upper lip, &c. The tu- 
 mours, after Suppuration, degenerate into ulcers; 
 which, in process, of time, cicatrize, leaving 
 scars. The internal organs are apt to be at- 
 tacked in those disposed to scrofula ; hence they 
 are often the subjects of phthisis and mesenteric 
 affections. Scrofula is hereditary ; and is fre- 
 quently excited by i&sufficient or improper re- 
 gimen, and by a close, confined air during' the 
 first years of existence. The best treatment 
 is : — to strengthen the system by animal diet ; 
 pure air, and exercise, cold bathing, or sea-wa- 
 ter bathing, &c. 
 
 Scrofula Abdominalis Interna, Physconia 
 strumosa. 
 
 SCROFITLAIRE, Scrophularia nodosa— s. 
 Aquatigue, Scrophularia aquatica. 
 
 SCRO^LEUX, Scrofulous. 
 
 SCROF'ULOUS, Serophulo'sus, Scrophula'- 
 rius. Strumous, Sirumo's-uSj (F.) ScrofitleuX) 
 Strumetix. Suffering from, or relating to, scro- 
 fula. 
 
 SCROPHULA, Scrofula — s. Mesenteric^, 
 Tabes mesenterica — S.,M6luccana, Frambcesia. 
 
 SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s.. Gonorrhoics, 
 Gonorrhoea impura. 
 
 SCROPHULA'RIA AQUAT'ICA, Reton.'- 
 tea aquat'ica, Fica'ria^Eerra'ria, Castran'gula, 
 Greater Water Figwort, Water Bet'ony, (F.) 
 Scrofulaire aquatiqjt-S' The leaves are cele- 
 brated as correctors of the bad flavour of senna. 
 They were at one time regarded as ettiinently 
 antiscrofulous, stomacnic, and carminative. 
 
 SoKOPHULAEiA FcETiDA, Scrophularia nodosa 
 — s. Minor, Ranunculus ficaria. 
 
 Sci^ophula'ria Nodo'sa, Figwort, Kennel- 
 wort, Scrophulafria fa'tida, Scrophularia vuIt 
 ga'ris, M.illemor'hia, Scropkula'ria, (F.) Scro- 
 fulaire, Herbe aux ecrouelles. The root and 
 leaves of this plant have been celebrated, both 
 as an internal and external remedy, dgainst in- 
 flammations, piles, scrofulous tumours, ulcers, 
 &c. 
 
 Sqkophulakia Vulgaris, Scrophularia no- 
 dosa. 
 
 SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous. ' 
 
 SCROPHULES, Scrofulq— i. Mesente- 
 riquea. Tabes' mesenterica. 
 
 SCROPHtlLOSlS, Scrofula. 
 
 SCROPHaLOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 
 SCROTAL, Scrota'Hs; from scrotum. Re- 
 lating to the scrotum,r— as Hernia scrota'lis, 
 scrotal hernia. 
 
 SCROTOCE'LE. a hybrid term ; from (L.) 
 scrotum, axiA xriXri, 'a tumour.' Sernia Scro- 
 ta'lis, Scrotal her'nia. Inguinal hernia, de- 
 scending into the scrotum — Oscheocele. 
 
 SCROTUM, from scorteus, scorteum, "made 
 of leather.'(?) Oscke,'Os'cheus, Os'chus,Os'- 
 cKeon, Och'eus, Perin, Scqrtum, Marsu'piwm, 
 Bur'sula, Bursa tes'tium sea viri'lis, Cap'- 
 ulus,(1) Orchas, Os'cus,Follic'ulus genila'lis, 
 the Purse, the Cod, (F.) Les lourses. The 
 integuments which cover the testes. These 
 are nothing more than a prolongation of the 
 skin of the inner part of thp thighs, perineum, 
 and penis. The skin is remarkable for its 
 brown colour, for the numerous rugs, espe- 
 cially when the scrotum is contracted ; for the 
 great number of sebaceous follicles it contains ; 
 
 and for the long and few hairs which issue from it 
 in the adult. The scrotum is divided into two 
 equal parts by a raphe, which extends from the 
 anus to the root 6f the penis. , Its organization 
 is similar to that of the skin pf other parts of 
 the body, except that the chorion is thinner. 
 
 Scrotum Cordis, Pericardium — s, Pendu- 
 lum, Rhachosis. 
 
 SCRUPLE, i)io}'o^», Gramma'rium^ Seru'- 
 pulus, Scru'pulum, Scrip'tulus, Scrip'ulwm, 
 Sc'ip'nlus. A weight of twenty grains, Troy ; 
 twenty -four grains, poids ,cle marc. , 
 
 SCUDAMORE'S MIXTURE, see Mixture, 
 Scudamore's. 
 SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria. 
 SCURF, Sax. r.cupj;, Teut. Schorft; 
 Fur'fura. Small exfoliations of the cjiticle are 
 so called. 
 
 SCURFY, Furfuraceous. ' 
 SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra — s. 
 Land, Purpura hssmorrhagica — s. Petechia], 
 Purpura simplex — si Sea, Porphyra nautica — s. 
 Grass, common, Cophlearia officinalis — s. Grass, 
 lemon, Cochlearia officinalis^ — s. Grass, wild, 
 Cochlearia coronopus. 
 SCUTELLA, Cup. 
 
 SCtTTELLA'RIA GALERICULATA, Ter- 
 tiana'ria, S^ull-cap, (F^) Casside bleue. Fa- 
 mily, PersonetE. Sex. Syst. Didyhamia An- 
 giospermia. This plant has a bitter taste and 
 a garlic smell. It has been esteemed especially 
 serviceable in tertian ague. 
 
 SouTELLA'fiiA Lateriflo'ea, Skull^dp, Mdd- 
 weed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimp'ernel. . An indi- 
 genous plant, which grows in all parts of the 
 United States in tnoist places. It was at one 
 time esteemed a preventive of hydrophobia, but 
 is probabLy possessed of little virtue of any kind. 
 ScnTEiXAH.iA Integrifo'lia, — another indi- 
 genous variety,-^is an intense bitter. 
 
 SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANUS.Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. 
 
 SCUTUL^iE DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
 langes of the fingers. ^ 
 
 SCUTUM, Thyfoid cartilage — s. Cordis, 
 Scapula, Sternum-^-s. Genu, Patella— ^s. Pecto- 
 ris, Thorax. 
 
 SouTiTM Stomach'icum. A large plaster, ap- 
 plied to the breast or stomach. 
 Scutum Thoracis, Scapula. 
 SC YB'AL A, plural of axv^aXov, ' dung.' En- 
 terol'ithus Scyh'alum, Excrementa Alpi iiccio'- 
 ra, Fceces indura'tee. Hard fecal matters dis- 
 charged in round lumps. 
 SCYLLA, Scilla. 
 
 SCYPHOPHORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen 
 pyxidatus. 
 
 SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of 
 the cochlea — s. Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
 brain — s. Vieussenii, Infundibulum of the coch- 
 
 SCYROS, Callosity. 
 
 SCYTALIDES DIGITORUM MANUS, 
 Phalanges of the fingers., 
 
 SCYTHICA, (RADIX,) Glycyrrhlza. 
 
 SCYTHROPASMUS,fromozu«<iop,'gloomy;' 
 axv^^omatiiv, 'to look gloomy;' Vultus tet'- 
 ricus et mcestus. A gloomy, depressed cqun- 
 tenance, of bad augury in serious diseases. 
 
 SCYTITIS, Cytitis. 
 
 SCYTODEPSIUM, Tannin. "^ .- 
 
 SEA- AIR. The air in the neighbourhood of 
 the sea contains saline particles commingled 
 
SEA SICKNESS 
 
 766 
 
 SEDIMENT 
 
 with it, which render it a valuable change for 
 scrofulous a:nd debilitated individuals. The sea 
 and sea-coast are usually, also, more equable 
 in their temperature than places inland. 
 
 SEA SICKNESS, Nausea marina— s. Water, 
 see Water, Sea. 
 
 SEAL, GOLDEN, Hydrastis Canadensis— s. 
 Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum. 
 
 SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) cker- 
 eher, ' to s^ek.' The operation of ascertaining 
 whether ,a patient have a stone in the bladder, 
 by the introduction of a metallic instrument. 
 
 SEASONING, Acclimation. 
 
 SEAT, Anus — s. Bone, Ischioh. 
 
 S£BACE, Sebaceous. 
 
 SEBA'CEOUS, Seba'ceus, (F.) Sebace; from 
 sebum, ' suet.' That which has the nature of 
 suet. 
 
 Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhcea. 
 
 Sebaceous or .Seeip'akous G;.AnDS, Seba- 
 ceous Fol'licles, Sebaceou^s CryppSy-Follic'uli se- 
 ba'cei) Cryjptce seba'cetz. Oil Glands, Mil'iary 
 glamds, are small hollow organs, of a rounded 
 or pyriform shape, seated in the substance of 
 the skin, and opening on its surface by a small, 
 excretory duct ; furnishing a yellpw, unctuous 
 humour, SmegTna cuia'netim, \Sebvm c\Ua'- 
 newm, having some analogy with suet, which 
 is destined to lubricate the surface of the body. 
 Follicles of a similar nature exist around the 
 corona glandis of the male, and under the skin 
 of the labia majora and nymphae of females. 
 They secret& a sebaceous matter, which emits 
 a peculiar odour ; and, hence after the name of 
 one who described, them, have been called 
 G-land'ultz odtyrif'&rce Tyso'ni,G. Tyso'ni, Ty- 
 son's glands. 
 
 SEBESTIER MTXA, Sebestina. 
 
 SEBESTI'NA, Cordia myxa, Sebes'ten, Seb- 
 sten, Myxa, Cornus' sanguin'ea, Frumis sebes- 
 tina, S<mooth-lea/ved Cor'dia or Assyr'ian 'plwm, 
 (F.) Sebestier myxa. The dark, black fruit 
 of the Sebestina, possesses glutinous and ape- 
 rient qualities, and is exhibited, in decoction, 
 in various diseases of the chest. 
 
 SEBIP ARGUS, see Sebaceous. 
 
 SEBSTEN, Sebestina. 
 
 SEBUM, Pihguedo, Sevum — s. Cutaneum, 
 see Sebaceous glands. 
 
 SECA'LE, S. cerea7e. TheRye plant. (F.) 
 Seigle. Rye is chiefly used as an article of 
 diet, particularly in the northern parts of Eu- 
 rope, where a spirit is also extracted from it. 
 The grain is disposed to acescency: and hence 
 its internal use at first generally produces a 
 laxative effect. 
 
 Sec ALE CoRNUTUM, Ergot — s. Luxurians, 
 Ergot. 
 
 SECALIS MATER, Ergot. 
 
 SECERNENT, Secreting. 
 
 SECERNING, Secreting. 
 
 SECESSIO FjECUM, Defecation. 
 
 SECESSUS NIGER, Melaena. 
 
 SkCHE, Sepia. 
 
 SECLUSORIUM, Sac. 
 
 SECONDARY, from secundws, ' the second.' 
 Something that acts subordinately to , another ; 
 as the secondary symptoms of a disease ; that is, 
 those which supervene on the primary. 
 
 S£CONDINES, Secundines. 
 
 S E C R E T A. Same etymon as Secretion. 
 Things or matters secreted or separated from 
 the blood. 
 
 SECRE'TING, Secreto'rius, Secer'ning, St- 
 cem'ent. Same etymon as Secretion. That 
 which secretes, — -as a secretiiig organ. 
 
 SECRETIO, Secretion- B. Lactis, Gala'cto- 
 sis — s. Lotii, Uropoesis— s. Urinse, Uropoesis 
 ^rs. Vicaria, see Vicarious. 
 
 SECRE'TION, Secre/tio, Apoc'risis ; from 
 secernere, ' to separate.' An organic function, 
 which is chiefly executed in the glands, and 
 consists in ail elaboration or separation of .fhe 
 materials of the bipod, at the very extremities 
 of the arterial systenij or rather of the vascular 
 secretory system ; 4nd which differs in each or- 
 gan according to its particular structure ,■ hence 
 thp formation of different fluids ; — bile, saliva, 
 urine, milk, &c. The secretions are of three 
 kinds i^exhalant, follicular, and glandular. 
 
 SECRETORIUS,"Secreting. 
 
 SECT, METHODICAL, Methocjists. 
 
 iiE-C'TlO, Section. Theact of cutting. A di- 
 vision. ' 
 
 Sectio Alta, see Lithotomy — s. Anatomica, 
 Dissection — s. 'Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica 
 — s. Cad^veris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica — s. 
 CsEsarea, Caesarean section — s. Franconiana, see 
 Lithotomy — s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy — 
 s. Lateralis, see Lithotokiy^s; Legalis, OTi- 
 ductib — s. Mariana, see liithotomy — s. Nym- 
 pharum, Nymphotomy — s. Rectovesicalis, see 
 Lithotomy — s. Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Ten- 
 dinum, Tenotomy^-s. Tagino-vesicalis, Colpo- 
 cystotomia — s. Vesicalis, Lithotomy. 
 
 SECTION, Sectio— s. Sigaultian,.Symphyse- 
 otomy. 
 
 SECUNDiE, Secundines. 
 
 SECUNDINifi, Secundines. . ' 
 
 SECUNDINES, Hys'tera, Dmter'ion, After- 
 birth, Secun'da, Secundi'ntB, (F.) Arrikre-faix, 
 Secondines, Dilivre. All that renjains in the 
 literus after the birth of the child, — viz., the 
 placenta, a portion of the umbilical cord, and 
 the membranes of the ovum. These are com- 
 monly not expelled till some time after the 
 birth of the foetus ; hence their name. See Di- 
 livrance. 
 
 SECUNDUS PROPRIORUM AURICUL.iE, 
 Retraheiis auris. 
 
 SEDANTIA, Sedatives. 
 
 SED'ATIVES, Sed'ati'va, Pauon'ta, Sedan' - 
 tia, Adec'ta, CatastaVtica, Deprimen'tia, (F.) 
 Calmants, Temperants, from sedo, ' I settle or 
 assuage.' Medicines which directly depress 
 the vital forces, and which are consequently 
 employed whenever it is necessary to diminish 
 preternaturally increased action. The chief fle- 
 puted sedatives are : Acidum Hydrocyanicum, 
 Acidum Hydro-sulphuricum, Tabacum, Missio 
 Sanguinis, and ceirtain gases by inhalation, as 
 azote, carbonic acid,(?) carburetted and sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen. 
 
 SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani. 
 
 SEDES, Anus, Excrement — s. Cruentae, Dy- 
 sentery, Hsematochezia — s. Lactescentes, Cce- 
 liac flux — s. Procidua, Proctocele. 
 
 SED'IMENT, Sedimen'tum, Lemma, Resi- 
 den'tia. Same etymon. (Y.^Depot. Adeposit 
 formed by the precipitation of some one or 
 more of the substances held in solution or sus- 
 pension by a liquid. That which is formed in 
 urine, at the time of cooling, has been called 
 Sypos'tasis, Hyposte'ma, Residen'tia, Subsi- 
 den'tia, (F.) Depot de I'urine. This sediment 
 or deposit varies in different states of the sys- 
 
SEDIMENTDM 
 
 767 
 
 SEMICANALIS 
 
 tern. In calculous affections, it is one of the 
 most important objects of attention. 
 
 SEDIMENTUM, Sediment-^s. Urinaj late- 
 liciun), see Lateritious — s. UrinjE pityroides, 
 see Furfuraceous. 
 
 SEDITIA, Nates. 
 
 SEDLITZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Seidlitz, Seidschutz or Seydschutz water. 
 Springs in Bphemia, neiir, Prague, which are 
 simple salines. They contain a large quantity 
 of sulphate of magnesia, a little sulphate of soda 
 and sulphate of lime, carbonic acid, carbonates 
 of lime and magnesia, and aresin'ous matter. (?) 
 They are employed as purgatives in a multi- 
 tude of diseases. -I 
 
 Sedlitz Pp weeks may be formed of Soda 
 tartarizata^i], Soda carbon.'Qij, in one paper; 
 Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv, in another. For half 
 a pint of water. „ 
 
 SEDON BRVLANT, Sedum — s. Reprise, 
 Sedum telephium. 
 
 SEDTJM, Sedum acrS, Illec"ebra, Hellec"eira, 
 VerTnicula'ris, Piper mura'lS, Sedum Tninus, 
 Sempervi'vum acre, Wall pepper. Stone crop, 
 Siting StoTic crop. Small Hottseleek, Aei'chry- 
 son, Mo'nion, (F.) Joubarhe acre. Orpin hrvh 
 lant, Vermiculaire brnlante, Sedon brulant. 
 Family, Crassulaceae. Sex. Syst. Decandria 
 Pentagynia. Iil its recent state it is very acrid, 
 and proves both emetic and cathartic. Exter- 
 nally, in, the form of cataplasm, it produces 
 vesications and erosions. It has been recom- 
 mended in cancerous and malignant ulcers. 
 
 Sedum, Saxifraga granalata — ^s. Majus, Sem- 
 pervivum tectorum — s. Minus, Sedum. 
 
 Sedum Tele'phium, Faba crassa, Cras'slda, 
 C. Major, Illec"ebra major, Tele'phium,, Faba'- 
 ria cras'sula, Anacamp'seros, Orpine, (F.) Se- 
 don reprise. Grand orpin, F^ve epaisse, Jou- 
 barhe des vigiies, &c. Formerly used as a ca- 
 taplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, 
 &c. I 
 
 SEED, Spetra. 
 
 SEGMENTA GARTILAGINEA, see Tra- 
 chea. 
 
 SEGNIT"IA, Segnif'ies, from segnis, 'slug- 
 gish.' Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise 
 of a function : — as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of 
 the bowels : Segnities Vieium, Languor. 
 
 SEGNITIES, Segnitia. 
 
 SEGRA-Y, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
 Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French depart- 
 ment of Loiret, there is a chalybeate spring, 
 which has some reputation. 
 
 SEGU, Sago. 
 
 SEIDLITZ, Sedlitz. 
 
 SEIDSCHUTZ, Sedlitz. 
 
 SEIGLE, Secale — s.Ergotee, Ergot. 
 
 SEIN, Uterus,, see Mamma. 
 
 SEIRIASIS, Co„p de .Soleil. ' ' 
 
 SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit. 
 
 SEL, Salt — s . Adinirable de Lemery fMigne- 
 sisd sulphas — s. Admirable perle. Soda, phos- 
 phate of — .1. de Cuisine, Soda, muriate oi-^s. de 
 Derosne, Narcotine-^.s. d'Egra, Magnesise sul- 
 phas — s. d'Opium, Narcotine — s. de Satzirne, 
 Plumbi superacetas — s. de Verre, see Vitrum — 
 s. Tolatil d'Angleterre, Ammonia carbohas. 
 
 SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
 
 SELENE, Moon, see Nail. 
 
 SELENIASIS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism. 
 
 SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic. 
 
 SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism. 
 ' SELERY, ApiuVn graveolens. 
 
 SELF-HEAL, Prunella. 
 
 SELI'BRA, Semili'bra, Sembella, half a 
 pound. Six ounces, Troy; eight, Avoirdupois. 
 
 SELINI'TES, o-eAip(Ti;t. Wine impregnated 
 
 with the seeds of the-B-iJivov or smallage 
 
 Dioscorides. 
 
 SELINITM GALBANUM, Bubon galbanum 
 — s. OreoSeliVium, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
 
 SELLA, 9. Turcica — s. Equina, S. Turcica 
 — s. Familiarica, Lasanum — ». Obstetricia, 
 Diphrus — s.Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica. 
 
 Sella Tur'cioa, Ephip'pium, Fossa Pituita'- 
 ria, Sella Tur'cica, Sella, S. equi'na seu sphe- 
 noida'lis, Turkish Saddle, (F.) Selle Turcique 
 ou du Turc. A' depression at the upper sur- 
 face of the Sphenoid bone, which is bounded, 
 anteriorly and posteriorly, by the clinoid pro- 
 cesses ; and lodges the pituitary gland. ' It is 
 So called from its resemblance to a Turkish 
 
 Sella Tuecica, Pituitaria fossa. 
 
 SELLE, TURCIQUE, Sella. Turcica—,!, du 
 Turc, Sella Turcica. ' 
 
 SELS- NEUTRES, Neutral salts. 
 
 SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source 
 of which is at Seltz, nine leagues from Stras- 
 burgh, and in the Department of the Bas-Rhin. 
 They contain carbonates of lim'e,, magnesia, 
 and soda, chloride of sodium, and much car- 
 bonic acid. They are refrigerent, tonic, diu- 
 retic, and aperient. 
 
 Artificial Seltzer Water may be made 
 from nmriat. acid. gr. xxxv. water Oj, white 
 marble gr. iij.^ Stop up till dissolved. Add 
 carbonate of Magnesia, gf . V, and, after some 
 time, subcarbonate of soda, gr. xxxij. Close it 
 till used. I 
 
 SEMBELLA, Selibrii. 
 
 SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM, Avicen- 
 nia tomentosa. 
 
 SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semeiograph'ia, Semio- 
 grapky, Semiogra'phia, from atj^Eiov, ' a symp- 
 tom,' and ye«(fi;, 'a description'.' A descrip- 
 tion of symptoms or signs of disease. 
 
 SEMETOL'OGY, Semeiot'ice, Semidlogy, Se- 
 miqtice,. PhanoTtlenolog^'ia, from 0->?^ciov, ' a 
 symptom,' and Miyos, 'a discourse.' (F.) Se- 
 meiotique: The branch of pathology whose 
 object is the doctrine of the symptoms or signs 
 
 of QIS^ELSfi 
 
 SEMEION BOETHEMATICUM, Indica- 
 tion. 
 
 SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology. 
 
 S&MEIOTIQUE, Semeiology. 
 
 SEMEN, Sperm — s. Badian, Illicium anisa- 
 tum — s. Cinaj, Artemisia santonica — s. Contra, 
 Artemisia santonica— s. Contrafvermes, Arte- 
 misia santonica — s. Masculinum, seu virile 
 seu genitale, Sperm^s. Muliebre, Sperm (of 
 the female)^ — s. Sanctum, Artemisia santonica 
 ^-s. Zedoariae, Artemisia Santonica. 
 
 SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SEMI, from 'ij^/o-u, 'half.' Semi or demi, in 
 composition, universally signifies ' half;' both 
 in French and English. 
 
 SEMIAN'IMIS, Semimor'tuus, Sem'inex, 
 Semivi'vtis; from semi, 'half,' and anim/us, 
 ' soul.' Half-living. Half-dead. 
 
 SEMICANALICULUS, Sulcus. 
 
 SEMICANALIS. Sulcus. 
 
SEMICEPHALUS 
 
 768 
 
 SEMISPINALIS COLLI 
 
 SEMICEPHALUS, Hemicephalus. 
 
 SEMICIRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular ca- 
 nals. 
 
 SEMICIR'CULAR, Setn^idrcula'ns. That 
 which represents the half of a circle. 
 
 Semicircular Canals, Cajzij'/ej seu Ductus 
 semicircula! res seu tuhceform'es seu circula'rts, 
 SeTrdcir'culi os'sei, Punes seu Canalic'uli semi- 
 annul(^res labyrin'thiy (F.) Canaux demi- 
 eireulaifes, are seated in the pfirs petrosa of the 
 temporal hone,, and open into the vestibule, 
 behind which theyare situate. They are three 
 in number, of which one is superior or vertical; 
 another posterior or oblique; and the third ex- 
 terior ox horizontal. Their parietes are forjned 
 of a bony, compact, hard plate. Their uses in 
 audition are not known : at their termination 
 they have the elliptical arrangements called 
 ampul'lce; and by both extremities they open 
 into the ve.stibule, in the sac at its superior 
 part — ^the Sac' cuius Ellip'ticus, Al'veus seu 
 Xftric'ulus coTfimu'nis^ Utricle^ Sinus or Alveus 
 utriculo'sus, Sacculus vestihuU or Median 
 sinus. In front of fhe S. ellipticus, nearer the 
 cochlea, and-opposite the foramen ovale, is the 
 Sac'culus spher'icus or sacculus. 
 
 SEMICIRCULUS EXSCULPTUS, Hia- 
 tus diaphragmatis aortic&s. 
 
 SEMICON'GIUS. Half a gallon, or four 
 pints. 
 
 SEMICU'BIUM, Semicupium,lnses'sio, In- 
 ces'sio, Encathis'ma, Excdthis'irta^ (E*) JDemi- 
 Bain, from semi, 'half,' and cubare, 'to lie 
 down.' A half-bath, or such as receives only 
 the hips or extremities. 
 
 Semiodpium, Bath, half, Semi-cubium — Semi- 
 libulaeus, Peronaeus brevis — Semi-interosseQs 
 indicis, Abductor indicis — Semi-interosseuspol- 
 licis, Opponens poUicis. 
 
 SEMILIBRA, Selibra. 
 
 SEMILLA DEL GDACHARO. Various 
 kinds of hard and dry fruits, found in the sto- 
 machs of the young Guacharoes, a sort of noc- 
 turnal bird. The fruits are a celebrated South 
 American remedy in ague. 
 
 SEMILyNAR, Semiluna'ris, (F.) Demi-lu- 
 naire ou Sewii-lunaire, from setni, 'half,' and 
 luna, 'the moon.' Having the shape of a half- 
 moon. 
 
 Semilunar Cart'ilages, Semilunar fibro- 
 cartilages, Sigmoid car'tilages, Cartila^'hies 
 sigmo'ideiB seu semiluna'res, ate two fibro- 
 cartilages, which exist between the condyles 
 of the OS femoris and the articujar surfaces of 
 the tibia. The. innermost, which is longer 
 from before to behind than transversely, is 
 nearly semicircular. The outermost forms 
 almost an entire circle;, a^l arrangement, in 
 both cases, corresponding to the different sur- 
 faces of the- tibia. They are thicker at their 
 outer circumference, which is convex, than at 
 the inner, which is concave and very thin,. 
 Both are inserted, before and behind, into the 
 spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fasciae. 
 
 Semilunar Ganglion, — Ganglion abdomi- 
 na'le seu splanch' nicum seu transver' sum seu 
 sola! re, G. surrenal, {Ch.),'belongsto the great 
 sympathetic. These ganglia present conside- 
 rable variety, and are deeply situate in the ab- 
 domen, above and behind the supra-renal cap- 
 sules. They correspond, posteriorly, to the 
 pillars of the diaphragm and the aorta. They 
 have the , shape of u crescent reversed, often 
 
 surrounded by other ganglia of a smaller size. 
 From their periphery the numerous filaments 
 proceed, which go to the formation of the solar 
 plexus. ■ 
 
 Semilunar Notch of the Sternum, Four- 
 chette — s. Valves, Sigmoid valves — s. Mascula- 
 tus, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, see NaiL 
 
 SEMIMAS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMASCULUS, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIMEMBRANEUS, Semimembrano- 
 sus. 
 
 SEMI M EMBRANO'SUS, Semimembra'ne- 
 us, (F*^) Ischio-popliti-femoral, Ischio-popliti- 
 tibi(fl,{C]^.) Demimembraneux. A muscle situ- 
 ate at the posterior part of the thigh. It is flat, 
 th^n, narrow, and aponeurotic in its upper 
 third; broader and fleshy in the middle, and 
 tendinous below. It is attached above to the 
 tuberosity of the ischium ; and below— v-by a 
 tendon, which has three divisions — to the outeir 
 condyle of the femur, and to the posterior and 
 inner part of the internal tuberosity of the tibia. 
 This muscle is a rotator inwards, and a flexor 
 of the leg. It can also bend the thigh upon the 
 leg. In standing it maintains the pelvis in 
 position, and can even draw it downwards. 
 
 SEMIMORTUUS, iSemianimis. 
 
 SE'MINA FRIG'IDA MAJO'RA. The 
 greater cold seeds. The ancients gave this 
 name to the emulsive seeds of the cucumber, 
 melon, gourd, and water-melon. 
 
 Semina Frigida Minora. The lesser cold 
 seeds. The ancients gave this name to the 
 seeds of the lettuce, purslane, endive, and, chi- 
 cory. 
 
 SEMINAL, Spermatic— Si' Fluid, Sperm — 
 s. Granules, see Granule. 
 
 SEMINALiS, Spermatic. 
 
 SEMINERTOSUS,Semi-tendinosus— Semi- 
 orbiculeiris. Orbicularis oris — Semi-pestis, Ty- 
 phus. 
 
 SEMINEX, Semianimis. 
 
 SEMINIF'EROUS, from semere, 'sperm,' and 
 /ero, 'I carry.' Spermatoph'orous. An epithet 
 given to the vessels which secrete and convey 
 the seminal fluid. 
 . SEMINIUM, Sperm. 
 
 SEMIOGRAPHY, Semeiography. 
 
 SEMIOLOGY, Semeiology. 
 
 SEMIOTICE, Semeiotice— s. Faciei, Physi- 
 ognomy. ■ 
 
 SEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia. 
 
 SEMISEXTUM, Hemiecton. 
 
 SEMISICIL'ICUS. A weight of one drachm 
 or three scruples.^Rhodius. 
 
 SEMIblDERATIO, Hemiplegia. 
 
 SEMISIDERATUS,"see Hemiplegia. 
 
 SEMISOMNIS, Coma. 
 
 SEMISOPITUS, Coma. 
 
 SEMISOPORUS, Coma. 
 
 SEMISPECULUM. An instrument used 
 for dilating the incision made into the neck of 
 the bladder in the operation of lithotomy. — Fa- 
 bricius Hildanus. 
 
 SEMISPINA'LIS COLLI, Semispina'tus 
 colli, Artic'nlo-s'pina'lis , Transver' so-spinalis 
 Colli, Spinalis cervi'cis. Spinalis Colli, Trans- 
 versa'lis Colli, Transversospinal, (F.) Vemi- 
 epineux ou transversaire-epineux du cou. This 
 muscle arises from the transverse processes of 
 the six uppermost darsal vertebrae, by an equal 
 number of distinct tendons, which run ob- 
 
SEMISPINATITS COLLI 
 
 769 
 
 SENSE 
 
 liquely under tlie complexus, and is inserted 
 in the spinous processes of all the cervical 
 vertehraB, except the first and last. Its action 
 is, to extend the neck obliquely backwards and 
 to one side. 
 
 Semispinalis Dorsi, Semi-spinalis externus, 
 Transver'90-spinalis dorsi) Semi'Spina'tus, 
 (Riolan)) Transversospinal, (F.) Semi-epi- 
 neux du dos, Transversaii e-ejnileux du dos* 
 This muscle arises from the transverse pro- 
 cesses of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth 
 dorsal vertebriB, by as many distinct tendons, 
 virhich soon grow fleshy; and, then again be- 
 come tendinous, andare inserted into the spinous 
 processes of the sixth or seventh uppermost 
 dorsal, and two lowest cervical vertebrae, by as 
 many tendons. Its action is, to extend the 
 spine obliquely backwards. 
 
 Semispinalis Externus, Semi-spinalis dorsi 
 — s. Internus, Transversalis dorsi — s. Spinatus, 
 Longissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 SEMISPINATITS COLLI, Semispinalis 
 colli. 
 
 SEMIS'SIS, Semis. The half of a pound, 
 ounce, drachm, &c. 
 
 SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervo'sus, (F.) 
 Ischio^creti-tihiaZy Ischio-pretibial, (Ch.) Detni- 
 tendineux. This muscle, is situate at the 
 posterior part of the thigh. It extends ob- 
 liquely, downwards and inwards, from the tube- 
 rosity of the ischium — to which it is attached 
 ' by a flat tendon, common to it and the biceps — 
 as far as the posterior and inner part "of the 
 tibia, to which it is attached by rtieans of 
 anqther round tendon. Its fibres are commonly 
 interrupted by an aponeurosis. Its uses are 
 the same as those of the semimembranosus. 
 
 SEMITERTIANA, Hemitriteea— «. Tierce, 
 Hemitrittea. 
 
 SEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 
 SEMIVIR, Eunuch. 
 
 SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis. 
 
 SEMOLI'NA, Manna croup. This may be 
 made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa- 
 rating the flour from the middlings, dressing 
 the latter four different times in a bolting mill, 
 and sifting through parchment sieves, until the 
 product is perfectly freed from.bran. In Poland 
 it is called Cracow groats. 
 
 Semolina is generally imported into England 
 from the Baltic, and in Russia is said to bema- 
 nufactured from buckwheat. It has a granular 
 form like some kinds of oatmeal, a dingy white 
 colour, a farinaceous, somewhat insipid, taste, 
 and is well adapted for the diet of children af- 
 fected with derangement of the bowels. 
 
 SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum. 
 
 Sempeevivum Tecto'rum, House-Leek, Se- 
 dum Majus, A'izoonj Beiahalalen, Buphthal- 
 mus, Barba Jovis, Sengreen, Agriocin'ara, 
 Andrachahara, Chrysoper'mwm, (F.) Joubarbe 
 des toils. The leaves have a mild, subacid aus- 
 terity, and are often applied to bruises and old 
 ulcsrs 
 
 SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
 
 SENA, Cassia sennas 
 
 S£N/i, Cassia senna — s. d'Amerique, Cassia 
 Marilandica — s. Faux, Colutea arborescens. 
 
 SENE'CIO, S. vulga'ris, Erig'erum, Corta- 
 lon, Erigeron, Groundsel, Pireweed, (F.) Sene- 
 <;on commun. Family, CorymbiferEB. Sex. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. A com- 
 mon plant inEurope; frequently applied, bruised, 
 
 to' inflammations and ulcers, as refrigerant and 
 antiscorbutic. 
 
 Senecio Jacob;e'a, Jacobm'a, St. James' Wort, 
 Ragwort, (F.) Jacobie. The leaves have a 
 roughish, bitter, subacid, and extremely nause- 
 ous taste. A decoction has been used in dysen- 
 tery. A poultice of, the leaves has been re- 
 commended in rheumatic affections ; and a de- 
 coction of the root has often been employed in 
 cases of wounds and bruises. 
 
 SENE^QN COMMUN, Senecio. 
 
 SENECTA, Senectus. 
 
 Senec'ta An'guium. The cast-skin of a ser- 
 pent. A decoction of it is said to cure deafness ! 
 
 Seneota Decrepita, Decrepitude-^s. Extre- 
 ma, Decrepitude-^s. Summa, Decrepitude — s. 
 Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 
 SENEC'tUS, Senec'ta, from senere, 'to be 
 old.' Geras, Se'nium, JEtas seni'lis senprovec'ta 
 seu mala, Old age, Senil'ity, (F . ) Vieilhsse. The 
 last period of life, commencing, according to 
 some, at 60 years of age, but varying according 
 to numerous circumstances. It is characterized 
 by progressive diminution of the physical and 
 moral feculties. 
 
 Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude. 
 
 SENEGA, Polygaja senega. 
 
 SEN'EGAL, GUM. The exudation from the 
 Mimo'sa Senegal, Family, Leguminosse, Sex. 
 Syst. Polygamja Moncecia, which grows in the 
 country of Africa, through which the river 
 Senegal runs. It is in loose or single dro,ps, 
 much larger than gum Arabic, or the gum 
 which exudes from the cherry tree ; and is much 
 more difiicult of solution than the former. 
 
 SENEGINE, see Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEKA, Polygala senega. 
 
 SENEV£, Sinapis. 
 
 SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
 
 SENILE, Seni'lis, from senere, ' to be old.' 
 Relating or belonging to old age : — as ' senile 
 delirium,' dotage. ^ 
 
 SENILITY, Senectus. 
 
 SENNA, Cassia senna^s. Alexa;ndrina, Cas- 
 sia senna^—s. American, CassiaMarilandica— ^s. 
 Bladder, Colutea arborescens — s. Essence of, 
 prepiired, Selway's, see Infusum sennse compo- 
 situm-i-s. Italica, Cassia senna — s. Wild, Cas- 
 sia Marilandica. 
 
 SENS, Sense. 
 
 SENSA'TION, Sensa'tio, from sentire, seti- 
 sum, ' to fee\;' uSsthe'ma. The consciousness 
 or cognizance by the brain of an impression 
 caused by an external body on the organs of the 
 senses. It is not necessarily, however, confined 
 to bodies external to us ; for we can receive an 
 impression by touching any part of our own 
 body. The body which communicates the im- 
 pressions needs but to be external to the part 
 impressed. Sensations are divided into exter- 
 nal, internal and Tnorbid. The external are 
 communicated by the five organs of the senses/ 
 The internal are such as occur within the body, 
 and arise from some alteration in the function 
 of the part, for the time being. Hunger and 
 thirst are internal sensations, as well as all the 
 natural wants. Morbid sensations maybe either 
 internal- or external. 
 
 SENSE, S6«i«i,S«re'j8o,,^jiAe'iif,(F.)Se«s. 
 Same etymon. , A faculty, possessed' by ani- 
 mals, of appreciating impressions from external 
 objects. (F.) Sentiment. The senses are five 
 in number: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and 
 
SENSIBILITAS 
 
 770 
 
 SEPTUM MMblAN 
 
 touch. Of these, the first two and the last ad- 
 minister more to the intellect; and, hence, have 
 been called, by some, the intellectual senses : 
 the other two seem more destined for the nutri- 
 tion of the body; and, hence, have been termed 
 corporeal- OT nutritive senses . Other senses 
 have been suggested — as the intense sensation 
 experienced during the venereal act; a sense of 
 heat and cold: a muscular sense, a common 
 sense or coenisthesis, &c. 
 
 Senses, Neevohs System of the. Medulla 
 oblongata, 
 
 SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility— s. Anomala, 
 see Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Mor- 
 bosa, see Irritable. - 
 
 SENSIBILITY, Sensihil'itas. Same etymon 
 as Sensation; JEsthe'ma. The faculty of re- 
 ceiving impressions, and hav^g the conscious- 
 ness of them. Bichat defines it as the property 
 possessed by living bodies, of receiving impres- 
 sions, whether the individual be conscious of 
 them or not. In the former case, where con- 
 scious, he calls the sensibility, animal: in the 
 latter, where not, he terms it organic. This 
 last is common to vegetables and animals, and 
 presides over nutrition, absorption, exhalation, 
 secretion, &c. The other does not exist in ve- 
 getables: it is the origin of the sensations — ol- 
 faction, vision, gustation, audition, thirst, hun- 
 ger, pain, &c. There are few parts of the ani- 
 mal body, but what are s;ensible — if not in 
 health — in disease. The free extremities of 
 the hair, and nails, and the epidermis are not 
 so. See Insensibility. - 
 
 SENSIO, Sense. 
 
 SENSITORIUM, Sensoriura. 
 
 SEili?>0''Bl\}W,Senso'riumcommu'ne,Or'£a- 
 non senso'riwm internum^ Sensitd'rium.) Em-po'- 
 riuTn spirituupi^ Esthete! rion. The common 
 centre of sensations. 
 
 SENSORY, Sentient. 
 ■ Sensory Gang'lia. A name given by Dr. 
 Carpenter td^a series of ganglionic masses at 
 the base of the brain, wjiiph are in direct com- 
 munication with the nerves of sensation-^as the 
 olfactory, optic, auditory zxiA gustatory . 
 
 Sensory Nerves, iVerDea of sensation, aie so 
 called in contradistinction to Motor nerves. 
 There Bjegeneral sensory nerves — as those Con- 
 nected with the posterior part of the spinal 
 marrow, and the fifth pair ; and special sensory, 
 as those of the senses. 
 
 SENSUS .^GRITUDINIS, Indisposition— 
 s. Osmometjicus, Olfaction — s.Perversus, Pseu- 
 daesthesia. 
 
 SEN'TIENT, Seri'tiens, Sen'sory. Feeling. 
 
 Sentient Extremities of Nerves are their 
 minute terminations in the organs. 
 
 SENTIMENT, see Sense. 
 
 SEPARATO'RIUM, from separo, ' I sepa- 
 rate.' A surgical instrument, for separating 
 the pericranium from the skull. 
 
 A Sep'aratory, Vitrum Hypoelep'licnm, is a 
 pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of 
 different densities from each other. 
 
 SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepedbnogenesis. 
 
 SEPE'DONOGE'N'E&lS,Sepedogen'esis,{rom 
 <rri7ieSaiv, ' putrescency,' and ystt^ic, 'genera- 
 tion.' A septic disposition or tendency; such 
 as is met with in typhus gravior. 
 
 SEPES, Ss'pes. ' A hedge,' ' a row :' as Sepes 
 seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium: — a row of teeth. 
 
 Sepes Dentium, see Sepes. 
 
 SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis. 
 
 SEPIA, S. officina'Us, Se'pium, Praeip'itans 
 magnum, Outtle-Fish,(F.) Shke. The shell of 
 the cuttle-fish has been used as an absorbent ; 
 and is often added to tooth powders. ^ 
 
 SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly giy«n 
 to those who sold perfumes, ointments, &c. It 
 is derived from Seplasia, the name of a public 
 place at Capua, vJhere these kinds of prepara- 
 tions were frequently sold. A druggist. 
 
 SEPSICHYMIA, Septochymia. 
 
 SEPSIS, Putrefaction. 
 
 SEPTANA FEBRIS, Fever, septan. 
 
 SEP'TENARY, from septem,' seven.' "^Con- 
 sisting of seven.' The septenary years of the 
 old believers in critical periods were times at 
 which, it was supposed, important changes 
 might be expected to take place. The grand 
 climacteric was fixed at 63, .and it was con- 
 sidered that if a person passed that age, he had 
 well-founded expectations that his life might 
 be protracted to 90. 
 
 SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.) , 
 
 SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla. 
 
 SEPTIC, Sep'ticus, Septus, from irij7rs;v, ' to 
 rot.' That which produces putrefaction. A 
 substance which corrodes and disorganizes the 
 soft parts without causing much pain. 
 
 Septic Poison, see Poison. 
 
 SEPTIMESTRIS FCETUS^see Fcetus sep- 
 timestris. 
 
 SEPtlNERVIA, Plantago. 
 
 SEPTOCHYM'IA, Sepdchym'ia; from <rri^iij, 
 'putrefaction,' and 5/u/^oc, 'juice.' Putrefaxitibn 
 or putrescency of the humours. 
 
 SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
 
 SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison. A part intended to 
 separate two cavities from each other, or to di- 
 vide a principal cavity into several secondary 
 cavities. 
 
 These septa are numerous in the human body. 
 The chief are the following : — 
 
 Septum Cerebelli, Falx cerebelli — s. Cere- 
 bri, Falx cerebri — s. Cochleae a^iditoriaB,Lamina 
 spiralis.. 
 
 Septum Cordis, Septum Tjiedium. cordis. The 
 partition which separates the two ventricles of 
 the heart. 
 
 Septum Encephali, Tentorium. 
 
 Septum Lu'oidum seu pellu'cidnm seu ten'ui 
 et pelluciditm seu medium seu Spec'ulUm. luci- 
 dum &eUL Lapis specula'ris seu Mediasti'mim 
 seu Diaphrag'm^ ventriculo' rurfl latera'lium 
 cer'ebri, Spec'ulum, (F.) Septum median, (Ch.) 
 Cloison trcfnsparente. The soft portion or me- 
 dullary substance, which separates the two la- 
 teral ventricles of th,e brain from each other. 
 This septum is composed of two laminae ; be- 
 tween which a small cavity exists, filled by a 
 serous fluid, and called the Fossa of Syl'vius, 
 5th ventricle of Cuvier, Sinus of the me'didn 
 septum, (Ch.). The brothers Wenzel are of 
 opinion that this cavity is lined by a peculiar 
 membrane. 
 
 SEPTUM MEDIAN, S. lucidum— j. Me- 
 dian du cervelet, Falx cerebelli — s. Medium 
 cerebri, S. lucidum. 
 
 Septum Na'rium, Interseptum seu Dissepi- 
 men'tum seu Interfi'nium seu JHscri'men seu 
 Imbrex seu Diaphrag'ma na'ritim, (F.) Cloison 
 des Fosses nasales. The partition between the 
 nares. It is formed by the vomer, the perpen- 
 dicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and a carti- 
 
SEPTUS 
 
 771 
 
 SERUM 
 
 lage of a triangular shape. Theae parts are 
 lined by the pituitary membrane, which receives 
 a considerable number of nerves and vessels. 
 
 Sbptwm Parvum Occipitale, Falx eerebelli 
 — s. Pellucidum, S. lucidum — s. Scalse, Lamina 
 spiralis — j. Staphylin, Velum pendulum palati 
 — s. Tenue et pellucidumj S. lucidum — s. Tho- 
 racis, Mediastinum — s. Transverse, Tentorium 
 — s.Transversum, Diaphragm— s.Vestibuli ner- 
 voso-membranaceum, see Labyrinth. 
 
 SEPTUS, Septicus. 
 
 SEPUM, Sevum. 
 
 SEQUESTRUM, from sequestra, «I sepa- 
 rate.' The portion of bone, in necrosis, which 
 is dead, and separated from the living bone; 
 acting, whilst retained, as an extraneous body. 
 When the sequestrum is superiicial and small, 
 it is called Exfoliation, > 
 
 SERAPEUM, Syrup. 
 
 SERAPINON, Sagapenum. 
 
 SERAPIUM, Syrup. 
 
 SERBET, Scherbet. 
 
 SER'ICUM, Silk; from Seres— the Thibetans 
 probably — from whom it was first obtained. 
 (F.) Soic. The thread spun by the Bomhyx 
 Mori or Silkworm. Silk is used by surgeons 
 for ligatures, &c. 
 
 SeIiioum Angliodm, see Sparadrapum ad- 
 haesivum. 
 
 SERIES DENTIUM, see Sepes. 
 
 k&RIEJJX, Serious. 
 
 SERINGUB, Syringe. 
 
 SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus. 
 
 SE'RIOUS, (F.) Serieux, Grave. A term ap- 
 plied to a disease, Dyspatki'a, Morbus gravis, 
 and to a symptpm that is attended with danger. 
 
 SERIS, Cichorium intybus. , 
 
 SERMOUNTAIN, Laserpitium album. 
 
 SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis. 
 
 SERO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
 
 SEROLIN, from serum, ' whey.' A fatty 
 matter detected in the blood by Boudet, Lecanu, 
 Sanson, and others. 
 
 S£ROSITe, Serum. 
 
 SEROSITY, Serum. 
 
 SEROUS, Sero'sus, (F.) Sereux. Thin j 
 watery; relating to the most watery portion of 
 animal fluids. See Serum. 
 
 Seeotjs Membeanes, Membranes, serous. 
 
 SERPEDO, Psoriasil. 
 
 SERPENT, Serpens, Anguis, Ophis; from 
 serpo, ' I creep.' A snake. 
 
 Sna:ke Broth was, at one time, recommended 
 as a restorative. 
 
 Many serpents are venomous : and the bites 
 of some fatal. See Poisons, Table of. 
 
 SERPENTAIRE NOIRE, Actiea race- 
 mosa. 
 
 SERPENT ARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria— 
 8. Gallorum, Arum dracuncnlus — s. Hispanica, 
 Seorzonera^-s. Minor, Arum maculatum — s. Ni- 
 gra, Actaea racemosa. 
 
 SERPENTARIA BRAZILIENSIS RA- 
 DIX, Caincae radix. 
 SERPENTINE, Ophites. 
 SERPENTINUS, Ophites. 
 SERPIG"INOUS, from serpere, 'to creep.' 
 An epithet given to certain affections, which 
 creep, as it were, from one part to another, — 
 'Serpiginous eiyaipe\as,' (F.)Erysipkle serpigi- 
 neux. 
 
 SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen pso- 
 riasis. 
 
 SERPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 SERPOLET, Thymus serpyllum. 
 SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
 SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum— s. Ci- 
 tratum, see Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 SERRA, Saw — s. Ajnputatoria, Saw, ampu- 
 tation — s. Versatilis, Trepan. 
 , SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, Family, Cynaro- 
 cephaleJE. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
 sequalis. A species oS Sawwort, recommended 
 in agile. 
 
 SERRATUS ANTICUS MINOR, Pectoralis 
 minor — s. Major, Serratus magnus. 
 
 Sekra'tus Maghus. So called from its ser- 
 iated appearance ; from serra, ' a saw.' Serra- 
 t2is major anti'cus, Serratws major, (F.) Costo- 
 basi-scapulaire, Costo-scapulaire, (Ch.,) Grand 
 dentele. A very broad (especially anteriorly,) 
 thin, flat, irregularly quadrilateral muScle, situ- 
 ate at the sides of the thorax. It is attached, 
 before, to the external surface of the first 8 or 
 9 ribs, by as many distinct digitations ; and, be- 
 hind, to the spinal edge of the scapula. The 
 superior fibres are almost horizontal ; the lower 
 become gradually more and more oblique up- 
 wards and backwards. This muscle carries the 
 scapula forwards, and causes it to execute a 
 movement of rotation, which directs its infe- 
 rior angle forwards, and the anterior upwards. 
 When the shoulder is fixed, it raises the ribs. 
 
 Seeratus Posti'cus Inferior, (F.) Dorso- 
 tombo-costal, Lombo-oostal, (Ch.,) Petit denteli- 
 posterieur et inferieur. A broader and thinner 
 muscle than the following, but nearly of the 
 same shape. It is situate, obliquely at the 
 lower part of the back ; and extends from the 
 spinous processes of the last two or three dor- 
 sal vertebra, and thejirst two or three lumbar, 
 to the inferior margin of the last four false 
 ribs. This muscle depresses the ribs, and thus 
 concurs in expiration. It i,s an antagonist to 
 the next. 
 
 Seeratus Posti'cus Supe'eioe, (F.) Cer- 
 vi'ci-doyso-eostal, Dorso-costal, (Ch.) Petit 
 dentele superieuri A flat, thin, quadrilateral 
 muscle ; situate obliquely at the posterior infe- 
 rior part of the neck, and the superior part of 
 the back. It passes from the posterior cervical 
 ligament, the spinous proqess of the last cervi- 
 cal vertebra; from the spinous, processes of the 
 first two or three dorsal, to the second, third, 
 fourth, and fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted 
 by as many digitations. It raises the ribs, and 
 is, consequently, an inspiratory muscle. 
 
 SERTCTLA CAMP AN A, Trifolium meli- 
 lotus* 
 SERUM, Sperm, 
 
 Sekum, 'whey.' 0'rrhos,Oros, Seros'ity, 
 (F.) Serosite. The most. watery portion of 
 animal fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. 
 It is a constituent part of blood, milk, &c. 
 
 Serl'm of the Blood, Hce'mydor, Ichor san'- 
 guinis, (F.) Serum du Sang, is the liquid which 
 separates from the blood, when coagulated at 
 rest. It is of a greenish-yellow colour ; viscid, 
 slightly coagulable by heat, acids, and alcqhol. 
 It is composed of water ; chloride of sodium ; 
 certain phosphates; and albumen, constantly 
 united to soda, almost in a saponaceous combi- 
 nation. 
 
 The fluid which exudes from the albumen of 
 the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat, 
 is by some called serosity. 
 
S^RUM DU SANa 
 
 772 
 
 SEX 
 
 S£RUM DU SANG, S. of the blood. 
 
 Serum Laotis, Aqua lactis; the Serum of 
 Milk, Whey, (F.) Serum, du lait. Petit lait. 
 That part of milk, from Which the butter and 
 caseous matter have been separated. It is a 
 transparent, citrine-coloured liquid, containing 
 sugar of milk, mucilage, afcetic acid, phosphate 
 of lime, and some other saline substances. It 
 is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri- 
 gerant. 
 
 Serdm Lactis Hoffman'ni, (F.) Petit-lait 
 d'Hoffmann, is a name given to the liquid, re- 
 sulting from treating with boiljng water milk 
 which has beSn evaporated to an almost solid 
 consistence. It is not much used. 
 
 Rennet Whey is made thus : mili 2 pints ; 
 rennet gss, infused in a little hot water; mix 
 and ke"Bp in a gentle heat for some hours, then 
 strain. — Gray. 
 
 Seeum of Serous Membranes, Serum mem- 
 hranarutit serosa'rum. Water of Dropsy, (F.) 
 Serum'des membranes sereuses, Eau des JiydrO' 
 piques. It resembles the serum of the blood, — ' 
 especially in cases of hydrocele. The water 
 of hydrothorax and ascites contains much less 
 albumen : — sometimes enough to coagulate on 
 the application of heat : at others, not. 
 
 SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia— 
 s. Tree, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SERVIETTE EN CARRA, Couvrechef 
 
 SES'AMOID, Sesamoi'des, Sesamo'des, Sesa- 
 moideus, from aria-a/ni, 'a. grain of sesamum,' 
 and iiSof, ' resemblance.' 
 
 SESAMOii) Bones, Ossa seu Ossic'Ula sesatnot- 
 dea, are small bones, situate in the substance of 
 tendons, near certain joints. Their number is 
 various. They are commonly more in the male 
 than female. Two, are constantly met with 
 beneath the metatarso-phalangal articulations 
 of the great toe. Sometimes, the articulations 
 of other bones of the metatarsus with the pha- 
 langes of the toes have them likewise. In the 
 hand, there are two before the metacarpo^pha- 
 langal joint of the thumb. At times, they are 
 met with in the other metacarpo-phalangal 
 articulations. Occasionally, two exist behind 
 the condyles of the femur, in the tendons of the 
 gastrocneraii muscles. A considerable os sesa- 
 moideum is also met with in the tendon of the 
 peronosus longus. These bones are commonly 
 round, and flattened only on one surface, which 
 is incrusted with cartilage. Their size is very 
 variable, according to the joints in which they 
 exist. Traces of sesamoid bones are not ob- 
 served in infants : in them, they are replaced by 
 small, cartilaginous concretions. They are de- 
 veloped by a singl©^ point of ossification ; and 
 are, like the patella (which is a true sesamoid 
 bone,) composed jof much cellular substance, 
 covered by a'thinlayer of compact tissue. The 
 use of these bones is, — to allow the tendon to be 
 inserted into the lever at a greater angle; and 
 thus enable the power to act more advanta- 
 geously. 
 
 Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamoidea 
 to two bony points sometimes met with ; — the 
 one at the outer side of the carotid canal of the 
 temporal bone; and th6 other at the edge of the 
 cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro- 
 tid artery. 
 
 SESAMUM, see Sesamum orientale. 
 
 Ses'amum Orienta'le, BennS, Oily Grain. 
 The seeds of this African plant are cultivated 
 
 in Georgia and South Carolina, where the ne- 
 groes use them with Indian corn as an article 
 of food. They yield a larger proportiorft)f oil 
 than any other vegetable j one hundred weight 
 producing ninety pounds of oil, which is, at 
 least, equal to Florence oil. 
 
 The Benne oil. Oleum Ses'ami, is used in the 
 southern States as a laxative. The leaves — Se- 
 samum (Ph. U. S.) — afford, by infusion, an ex- 
 cellent mucilage.- 
 
 SESCUN'CIA, Sesquiun'da, Semiol'ion.' An 
 ounce and a half. See Sesqui. 
 
 SESELI, Laserpitium siler — s. ^gopodium, 
 Ligusticum podagraria-r-s, Creticum, Tordylura 
 officinale — s. des Pres, Peucedanum silaus. 
 
 Ses'eli Tobtuo'sum, Seseli Massilien'sl, 
 Hartwort of Marseilles. ' The seeds have a 
 warm taste; and a greater degree of pungency 
 than those of Laserpitum Siler, which is tbe 
 Seseli of thePharmacopceias. 
 
 SESQUI. This word, joined with any num- 
 ber, weight, measure, &c., signifies one and a 
 half; as sr.sqUigranvM, ' a grain and half.' 
 
 SESQUIUNCIA, Sescuncia. 
 
 SETA EQUI'NA, ' a horse's hair.' Hairr 
 worrrti Helmin'thus Gor'dii. A kind of worm, 
 found in stagnant vi'ater, from 4 to 6 inches 
 long, and twisted into various Jcnots and con- 
 tortions : colour pale brown, with dark extre- 
 mities. It is common in the intestines of the 
 Laplanders ; causing the Col'ica Lappon'ica, in 
 which the gripings are, at times, exceedingly 
 severe. 
 
 SETA'CEUM, Seto, Seton, from seta, 'a 
 bristle.' A long strip of fine linen or cotton 
 twist, passed ■ through the skin and cellular 
 mernbrane, to keep up an issue ; or through 
 suppurating cavities, between the fragments of 
 fractured bones, &c., to fulfil certain indica- 
 tions. The term is also applied to the issue 
 so established. The operation is simple. It 
 consists in laying hold of a fold of skin, and 
 passing a seton needle through it, with the 
 thread attached. Every day a fresh portion of 
 the thread is drawn through the sore. Setons 
 are established in many diseases ; — in obstinate 
 ophthalmiae, cephalalgiae ; epilepsy, thoracic and 
 abdominal afiections, &c. ; but they are not as 
 much used as formerly. 
 
 SETFAST, see Furunculus. 
 
 SETO, Setaceum. 
 
 SETON, Setaceum. 
 
 SETTERWORT, Helleborus fcetidus. 
 
 SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
 
 SEVATIO, Steatoma. 
 
 SiVRAGE, Weaning. 
 
 SEVUM, Pinguedo. 
 
 Sevum, Sehwm, Sepum, Stear, Adeps oviVli, 
 Sevum verveci'num. Suet, mutton suet. ' Pin- 
 guedo. 
 
 Sevum Prjepara'tum, Sevum, (Ph. U.S.,) — 
 OviVli Sevum, Prcepara'twm, prepared Suet, 
 (F.) Graisse de Mouton,Suif, is formed by 
 cutting suet in pieces; melting over a slow 
 fire, and straining through linen. It is emol- 
 lient, and is sometimes boiled in milk, (§ij to 
 Oj,) and is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Its 
 principal employment is in the formation of 
 plasters. 
 
 Sevtim Vervecinum, Sevum. 
 
 SEX, Sexus, Genos, Fkysis. The physical 
 difference between male and female in animals 
 and vegetables ; — as the m^le sex, Sexus po'tior 
 
SEXTANS 
 
 773 
 
 SICCHASIA 
 
 seu for'tior seu S. viri'lis; and th,e female sex, 
 Sezus seg'mor, S. mulie'bris, Alter Sexua, ' The 
 HX.' 
 
 SEXTANS, &exta pars librse. The sixth 
 part of a pound. — Galen. 
 
 SEXTA'RIUS. An ancient measure foi; li- 
 quid and solid substances. See Weights and 
 measures. 
 
 SEX'TULA, Hexagitim, 'i^ayiot. The sixth 
 part of an ounce. 
 
 SEX'UAL, Sexua'Ks, from sexus, 'a sex.' 
 That which relates to the sex; which charac- 
 terizes the sex. 
 
 Sexual Diseases, Morhi- sexzca'les, are the 
 diseases of the genital organs ; as Sexual 
 Functions are the genital functions. 
 
 Sexual iNTEECofrasE, Coition — s. Organs, 
 Genital organs. 
 
 SEXUS, Sex — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior, 
 see Sex — s. Muliebris, see Sex — s. Potior," see 
 Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex. 
 
 SEYDSCHUTZ WATER, Sedlitz water. 
 
 SHALLOT, Echalotte. 
 
 SHAMPOO'ING, Massing, (Fi) Massage, 
 Massement, A Hindoo process, which consists 
 in pressing the body of the bather in a peculiar 
 manner ; cracking the various joints, and em- 
 ploying blows and friction. 
 
 ^ Kneading' consists in pressing alternately 
 upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles 
 to more energetic action. It is employed at 
 times in dyspepsia. 
 
 SHAMROCK, INDIAN, Trillium latifolium 
 — s. Water, Menyanthes verna. 
 
 SHARON SPRINGS, NEW YORK. These 
 springs, which are situate about 10 or 12 niiles 
 south of Canajoharie, N. Y., and 45 miles West 
 of Albany, are much frequented. They con- 
 tain, according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, 
 sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride 
 of sodium, qhloride of magnesium, ^ulphohy- 
 drate of sodium, sulphohydrate of calcium, 
 vegetable extrjictive matter, and free sulpho- 
 hydric acid gas. Their temperature is 48° Fahr. 
 
 SHEATH, Vagina. 
 
 SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia. 
 
 SHELL FLOWER, Trillium latifolium— s. 
 Liquid, see Calcis murias. 
 
 SHERBET, Scherhet— s. Orange, see Syru- 
 pus^urantii. 
 
 BHEJ^MAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see 
 Worm lozenges, Sherman's. 
 
 SHERRY, Sack, see Wine. 
 
 SillELD, WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
 
 SHIN, O'crea, Crista til'ice. The spine or 
 anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is, also, 
 called Anticne'mian,B.ni Crea. 
 
 SHINGLES, Herpes zoster. 
 
 SHORT, Sax. rceopt, from rcipan, 'to cut, 
 to shear,' shored, shor'd; short, (F.) Court. A 
 word used, by anatomists, in opposition to 
 long; and. to distinguish parts from each other 
 that have otherwise the same name. 
 
 Short Bones, for example, are those in 
 which the three dimensions — length, breadth, 
 and thickness — are nearly alike ; such are the 
 vertebrEB, bones of the carpus, tarsus, &c. 
 , SHOTBTJSH, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 SHOULDER-BLADE, Scapula. 
 
 SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Unisema 
 deltifolia — s. Pond, Unisema deltifolia. 
 
 SHOW, see Parturition. 
 
 SHOW-CHOO, see Spirit. 
 
 SHOWER-BATH, see Bath. 
 
 SHRUB. Perhaps from Arabic, sharab, 'sy- 
 rup.' A compound of spirits, lemon juice, and 
 sugar. 
 
 SHUD'DERING, Frem'itus, Phryag'ma, 
 from (G.) Schauder, Schauer, (F.) Fri- 
 missement, Tressaillement. A peculiar sensa- 
 tion, felt eith-er externally or internally j and 
 which seems to be the result of a spasmodic 
 movement of the parts in which it occurs. A 
 slight feeling of cold sometimes accompanies 
 it. It is, at times, the result of a moral cause, 
 and is often the precursor of shivering. 
 
 SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 SIAGANTRI'TIS ; from omyw, 'the jaw,' 
 avTfov, 'a cavity,' and His, denoting inflamma- 
 tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
 the antrum of Highmore. 
 
 SIAGON, Maxillary bone. 
 
 SIAGO'NAGRA, from o-.ijyiuv, '.the jaw,' 
 and ay^a, 'a seizure,' Arthritis maxilla'ris, 
 A gouty or rheumatic affection of the joint of 
 the lower jaw. ' 
 
 SIALACHUS, Salivation. 
 > SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialago'gtts, Sial'ogogue, 
 Ftyal'agogue, Ptyas' magogue, Sali'vans, Sali- 
 va'tumy^Sialocinet'icus, Apophlegmat'isans per 
 OS, (F.)Salivant,{rom<rui,iv, 'saliva,' and «ya, 
 ' I expel.' That which provokes the secretion 
 of saliva. Pyrethrum and mercury are sialo- 
 gogues. .Sialagogues may be of two kinds, — 
 those which act through the circulation, and 
 those which act immediately on the salivary 
 organs. Mercury belongs to the former — pyre- 
 thrum to the letter class, The chief siala- 
 gogues are'armofacia, calainus, mezereum, py- 
 rethrum, tabacum and zingiber. 
 
 SIAHSMUS, Salivation. 
 
 SIALOCINETICUS,-Sialagogue. 
 
 SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary. 
 
 SIALOLOG"IA, from a-talov, 'saliva,' and 
 Xoyoc, ' a discourse.' A treatise pn saliva. 
 
 SIALOMA, Saliva. 
 
 SIALON, Saliva. 
 
 SIALORRHCEA, Salivation. 
 
 SIALOS'CHESIS, from o-ioJor, 'saliva,' and 
 (TJ^Eiri?, ' retention.' Retention or suppression 
 of the saliva. 
 
 SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistuls. 
 
 SIALOZEMIA, Salivation— s. Mercuridlis, 
 Salivation, mercurial. 
 
 SIBARE, Fhrenitis. 
 
 SIBBENS, Sivvens, Framha'sia Sca'tica. An 
 infectious disease in the mountainous parts of 
 Scotland, viewed to be, of the venereal kind. 
 Siwin, in the Keltic, means raspberry ; and it 
 is said that, in this affection, fungi appear like 
 raspberries. From siwin, the inhabitan|;s have 
 made sievin, sibben, sibhens, and sivvens. By 
 some, this affection is regarded as a complica- 
 tion of the venereal and itch. In the Orkneys, 
 sibbens means itch. — Jamiesoh. 
 
 SIBILISMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus auriiim. 
 
 SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SICCAN'TIA, from siccare, 'to dry.' 
 Xeran'tica, (F.) SicHatifs. Drying medicines. 
 — Galen. 
 
 SicoANTiA, Desiccativa. 
 
 SICCATIFS, Siccantia. 
 
 SICCATIO, Drying. 
 
 SICCHA'SIA, irixxaaitt, 'disgust.' A dis- 
 tressing disgust for food; such as is experienced 
 by women with child. 
 
SICILICUM 
 
 774 
 
 SILIQUA 
 
 SICIL'ICUM. A Roman weight of about 
 two drachms. 
 
 SICK, -Sax. )-eoc, jSlger, JEgro'tus, Nos'eros, 
 Noso'des, Jacensy hahorio'sus^ Labo'rans. (F.) 
 Malad£. Labouring under disease. SuiJh is 
 its acceptation in old English, and generally in 
 the United States. In England, it most com- 
 monly means disorder of the stomach, — nausea. 
 A sickperson, Mger, Mgro'tus, (F.) Malade, 
 who is under the charge of a physician is said 
 to be a patient or the patient of the physician. 
 At times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick 
 person in the abstract. 
 
 Sick Stomach, Milk sickness. 
 SICKLY, Morbo'sus, Valettcdina'rius, Adyn'- 
 atos, Nosac'erus, Noso'des, (F.) Maladif. One 
 who is subject to be sick, oris in feeble health. 
 SICKNESS, Disease— s. Falling, Epilepsy 
 — s. River, Milk sickness — s. of the Stomach, 
 Vomiting — s. Swamp, Milk sickness. 
 SICLIUM, Sicilicum. 
 SICUA, Cupping-glass. 
 SICULA, Beta, Penis. 
 SICYEDON, Cauledon. 
 SIDA ABUTILON, Abutilon cordatum. 
 SIDE, PAIN IN THE, Pleurodynia. 
 SIDEbA'TIO, Sydera'tio, Sidera'tion, from 
 Sidus, 'a star;' because the condition was 
 thought to be produced by the influence of the 
 stars. The state of one struck snddenly, with- 
 out apparent cause, and as if by the influence of 
 the stars. The ancients comprised, under this 
 name, diflerent morbid conditions, feuch as pa- 
 ralysis, apoplexy, and gangrene. 
 
 SiDEEATio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis — 
 s. Ossis, Spina ventosa. 
 SIDERATION, Astrobolismos, Sideratio. 
 SIDERION, Ferramentum. 
 SIDERITES, Magnet. 
 SIDERITIS, Magnet, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
 SIDEROS, Ferrum. 
 
 SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito. 
 SIDHEE, see Guniah. 
 SIDMOUTH, (CLIMATE OF.) Sidmouth 
 is in Devonshire, England, on the sea-beach, at 
 the mouth of the Sid. It is much frequented by 
 invalids, both during the summer and vvinter. 
 The climate is, however, damp^and subject to 
 sea fogs. 
 SI&GE, Anus. 
 SIELISMOS, Salivation. 
 SIELON, Saliva. 
 
 SIFFLEMENT (F.), from siffier, ' to whis- 
 tle.' Whistling.' 
 
 'SIFFLEMENT MODULE, Chant des 
 artires. Bruit musical, ' modulated whistling,, 
 or music of the arteries.' A kind of sound 
 heard on auscultation, resembling, at times, the 
 humming of certain insects. 
 
 The sound is chiefly met with in those la- 
 ' bouring under chlorosis. 
 
 SIGAULTIANSECTION.Symphyseotomy. 
 
 SIGE, Taciturnity. 
 
 SIGH, Suspirium. 
 
 SIGHT, Vision— s. Ask^Vf, Dysopia lateralis 
 
 s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia — s. 
 
 Feebleness of. Amblyopia. 
 
 SIGILLUM SALAMONIS, Convallaria po- 
 lygonatum— s. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 SIGMATOID, Sigmoid. , 
 
 SIGMOID, Sigmoi'dal, Sig'matoid, Sig- 
 mdi'des, Sigmo'des, SigmoVdeus. That which 
 
 has the form of the Greek S or C ; from sigma, 
 and tiJof, 'resemblance.' 
 
 Sigmoid Cartilages, Semilunar cartilages. 
 Sigmoid Cavities or Fossa o/ the Ulna, (F.) 
 Cavites ou Fosses sigmoides, are two notches 
 at the upper part of that bone, — one for the re- 
 ception of the humerus ; the other for that of 
 the radius. 
 
 ' Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, Flexw'ra 
 sigmoi'dea, is a turn the colon takes immediate- 
 ly before its termination in the rectum. 
 
 Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves, Valvula. 
 SigrnoVdecB^ Proces'sus Sigmoi'des, (F.) Val- 
 vules sigmoides ou semilunaires, are three val- 
 vular folds, at the commencement of the pulmo- 
 nary artery and aorta. These valves have the 
 form of a crescent, when appljed against the 
 parietes of the vessel. When the blood is sent 
 from the ventricles by their contraction, the 
 valves are applied against the sides of the ves- 
 sel; but, during the diastole of the ventricle, 
 they are depressed, and prevent the blood from 
 returning to the heart; At the middle of the 
 convexity of each valve is a small, hard, trian- 
 gular granulum, ciWeACorpxis'calum seu Glo- 
 bulus Aran'tii, which completely closes up the 
 passage. It is, also, called Corpusculum Mor- 
 gagn'ii, and C. Seswtndi'deum, (F.) Globule 
 d'Arantius, 
 
 SIGN, Signum, Semi'pn, (F.) Signe. Any 
 present or past circumstance, afforded by the 
 examination of a patient, or of matters concern- 
 ing him, whence a conclusion may be drawn 
 regarding the nature and seat of his disease. 
 The phenomena which precede the disejise are 
 called anam7ies'tic or commem'orative signs ; — 
 those which accompany it, are termed diagnos'- 
 tic. If they reveal the nature or seat of the dis- 
 ease, — prognos'tic, when they indicate' its pro- 
 bable duration and termination. 
 
 SIGNA ASSIDENTIA, see Assidensl 
 - SIG'NATURE, Signatu'ra, Signa'tio, from 
 signum, ' a sign ;' Episphagism^s. This term 
 was applied in the Eastern countries, in the 
 middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad 
 augury, with which it was pretended that every 
 one was marked by the star under which he 
 was born. 
 
 Signatures of Plants -meant certain pecu- 
 liarities in their external formation or colour, 
 whiah indicated that they were proper for parti 
 cular diseases : — as in the case of the Lungwort, 
 Liverwort, &c. 
 
 SIGNER AVANT-COUREURS, Precurso- 
 ry signs — s. FrecuTseuTs, Precursory signs. 
 
 SIGNUM, see Parturition — s. Characteris- 
 ticum, see Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum, see 
 Pathognomonic— 7S. Diacriticum, see Diacritica 
 signa — s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic. 
 SILACH, Silac. An Arabic word, used to 
 designate thickening of the eyelids, Crassi'ties 
 Palpebra'nvm ; and, also. Alopecia. — Forestns, 
 Stephanus. 
 
 SILENCE, see Murmur, respiratory. 
 SILE'NE VIRGIN'ICA, Ground Pink, Wild 
 Pink, Catch Fly. The root has been employed 
 in decoction, as an eiKcaeious anthelmintic. 
 SILER MONTANUM, Laserpitium siler. 
 SIL'IQUA, Cera'tion ; the carat. A weight 
 of about four grains. 
 
 SiLiQUA Akaeica, Tamarindus — s. Dulcis, 
 Ceratonium siliqua. 
 
SILIQUASTRUM PLINII ,. 775 
 
 SINUS 
 
 SILIQUASTRUM PLINII, Capsicum an- 
 nuum. ^ 
 
 SILK, Sericum— s. Weed, Asclepias tuberosa 
 
 s. Weed, common, Asclepias Syriaca — s. 
 
 Worm, see Sericum. 
 
 SILLON, Sulcus — s. Horizontal de la veine 
 ombilicale, see Liver— ^s. TransversaU, see Li- 
 ver — s. de la Veine caveinferieur, see Liver — 
 i. de la Veine porte,. see Liver. 
 SILO, Camus. 
 SILPHIUM, Laserpitium. 
 SILUS, Camus. 
 
 SILVER, Argentum— s. Ammonio-chloride 
 of, see Argentum-^s. Chloride of, see Argen- 
 tum — s. Chloruret of, see Argentum — s.- Cya- 
 nide of, see Argentum — s. Cyanuret of, see Ar- 
 gentum — s. Iodide of, see Argentum — s.Ioduret 
 of, see Argentum— s. Leaf, Magnolia macrophyl- 
 la— ^s. Muriate of, see Argentum— s. Nitrate of, 
 Argenti nitras — s. Oxide of, see Argentum — s. 
 and Ammonia, Chloride of, see Argentum — s. 
 and Ammonia, Chloruret of, see Argentum. 
 SILYBUM, Carduus marianus. 
 SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba — s. Bit- 
 ter, Quassia simarouba — s. Faux, Malpighia 
 mourella. 
 
 SIMARUBA, Quassia simarouba — s. Offici- 
 nalis, Quassia simarouba. 
 SIMILATIO, Assimilation* 
 SIMITIUM, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
 SIMO, Camus. 
 
 SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus fol- 
 liculorum. , 
 SIMOTRACHELUS, Bysauchen, 
 SIMPLES. Medicinal herbs. One skilled 
 in simples is called a Simplist, a lihizot'omist. 
 SIMPLIST, see Simples. 
 SIMULATED DISEASES, Feigned dis- 
 
 SIMULATI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
 
 SIMUS, Camus. 
 
 SINA LEVANTICA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 SINAPEL^'ON, from rivBTT., 'mustard,' 
 and E\«iov, ' oil.' Oil impregnated withmustard. 
 
 SINAPI, Sinapis. 
 
 SINA'PIS, Sinapis nigra, Brai'sica nigra, 
 Napus, Eru'ca, Sina'pf, Sinapi, Na'pium, Na- 
 py. Common Black Mustard, (F.) Moutarde 
 noire, Seneve, Sanve. Family, Crucifers. 
 Sex. Syit. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The 
 seeds are inodorous, vphen entire ; but, when 
 bruised, the odour is very pungent; taste bit- 
 terish and acrid. They yield their virtues to 
 water, and afford a bland oil by expression. 
 The seeds are stimulant, diuretic, emetic, and 
 rubefacient. They are sometimes recommended 
 to be swallowed whole, in dyspepsia, torpor of 
 the bowels, &c.. Externally, they are applied 
 in the form of cataplasm. See Sinapism. 
 
 SiNAPis Alba, White Mustard, Napus Leu- 
 r.osina'pis, is alsoused medicinally. It is some- 
 what less pungent than the black. The dis- 
 tilled oil — Oleum Sinapis — is a powerful stimu- 
 lant and rubefacient. 
 
 Whitehead's Fsseiiee of Mustard consists of 
 oil of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of spi- 
 rit of Rosemary : to which is added a small 
 quantity of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated 
 embrocation for rheumatism, &c. 
 
 Whitehead's Essence of Mustard Pills con- 
 sist of yellow resin and balsam of tolu, enough 
 to make into pills. 
 
 SiHAPis Arven'sis, Charlock, Wild Mustard, 
 
 has the seeds sometimes substituted for black 
 mustard. 
 
 SINAPISIS, Bole Armenian; 
 SIN'APISM, Si'fiapis'mus, horn nrani, 
 'mustard.' A cataplasm, of which mustard 
 forms the basis,' which is used for exciting 
 redness, and acting as a counter-irritant. It is 
 prepared by mixing flour of mustard and vine- 
 gar together to the due consistence. See Cata- 
 plasms sinapis. 
 
 SIN'CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Bregma, 
 Syn'eiput, Mesocra'iiium, Mesoc'ranwm, Hemi- 
 cephalie'um, Hemicephal'ium, Hemiceph'alum ; 
 the top of the head. The French use it syno- 
 nymously with vertex. ' By some it is applied 
 to the frontal region or fore part of the cranium. 
 The parietal hones have been calle'd sincipital 
 bones, Ossa sincip'itis, (F.) Os du sinciput, 
 
 SINBON, o-iv3OT,.very fine linen. A small 
 piece of rag, or a round pledget, supported by 
 a thread at its middle, and introiluced into the 
 opening in the cranium made by the trephine. 
 
 SINEW, Tendon. 
 
 SINGLETON'S GOLDEN OINTMENT is 
 formed oisulphuretof arsenic (xea.l%a.T),and lard, 
 or spermaceti ointment. ' 
 
 SINGULT'OUS, Lygmo'des, Lygo'des, I/yn- 
 go'des, Lynggo'des ; from Singidtu^', ' hiccough.' 
 Relating to or affected- with hiccough. 
 
 SINGUIjT'US, Lynx, Lygmus, Spasmoh/g'- 
 mns, Clojius Singul'tus, Pneusis si^ngultus. 
 Hiccough, Hiccup, (F.) Hoquet. A noise made 
 by the sudden and involuntary contraction of 
 the diaphragm, and the simultaneous contrac- 
 tion of the glottis, whiph arrests the air in the 
 trachea. It is a symptom of many morbid con- 
 ditions, and especially of gangrene, but occurs, 
 frequently, in persons otherwise in good health. 
 
 SINTIEUX. Sinuous'. 
 
 SINUOSITAS, Sinus. 
 
 SIN'UOUS, Sinuo'sus, (F.) Sinueuq:, from 
 sinus, ' a bay or curve.' An epithet given to 
 certain ulcers, apd especially to certain fistulse, 
 which are tortudus. 
 
 SINUS, Sinuo'sitas, Colpos_, Abscon'sio, Eu- 
 ryeho'ria, Reces'sus, (F.) Golfe. Any cavity, 
 the interior of which is more expanded than the 
 entrance. In this serise, anatomists have ap- 
 plied the term to cavities in certain bones of 
 the head and face. It has been, also, applied to 
 certain venous canals, into which a number of 
 vessels empty themselves; such as the sinuses 
 lof the dura mater and of the spjne ; the sinus of 
 the vena porta ; uterine sinuses, &c. 
 
 In surgery it means a long, narrow, hollow 
 track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone, 
 &c., (F.) Clapier. 
 
 Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavi- 
 ties. They are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxil- 
 lary, &c. The name has also been given, occa- 
 sionally, to the ethmoid and mastoid cells. 
 
 Sinus Acusticus, Auditory canal, internal — 
 s.' Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis^s. Basilar, Sinus 
 transversus — *. Cavemeux, Cavernous sinus — 
 s. Cavernosi uteri, Sinus uterini — s. Caverno- 
 sus. Cavernous sinus — s. Cerebri, Ventricles of 
 the brain — s. Choroidien,S. quartus — s. Circu- 
 lar, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — s. Circularisj 
 S. coronarius — s. Coronaire du caur, see Car- 
 diac veins. 
 
 Sinus Corona'rius, Sinus circula^ris, S. cir- 
 eula'ris Ridleyi, Circular sinus of Ridley, Cor'- 
 onary sinus. A venous canal, which surrounds, 
 
SINUS CORONARY 
 
 776 
 
 SINUS OF THE VENA CAVA 
 
 in a more or less regular manner, tbe pituitary 
 fossa and gland, emptying itself into the cor- 
 responding cavernous sinus by each of its extre- 
 mities. 
 
 SiMus, CoROMAiiY, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro- 
 nary of the heart, Sinus coronary, venous. 
 
 Sinus Coronary, Venotjs, Coronary sinus 
 of the heart. A name given, on account of its 
 great size, to that portion of the great coronary 
 vein which embraces. the left auriculo- ventri- 
 cular furrovy. 
 
 SiHus Coxm, see Cotyloid — s. Droit, S. quar- 
 tus. 
 
 Sinus Dexter Cordis, Sjaws vena' rum cava'- 
 rum, jS. veno'suSj Saccus vena'rwm cava'rum. 
 The right auricle of the heart : — A'trium cordis 
 dextrum. See Auricula. 
 
 Sinuses of the Dura Mater, Sinus seu 
 Fis'tuliB seu Cwvita'tes seu Ventric'uli seu Tu'- 
 bidi seu Sanguiduc'tus seu Receptac'ula, Durce 
 matris, are formed by a separation of the layers 
 of the dura mater, which acts as a substitute 
 for the outer membrane of veins. Bichat ad- 
 mits only four great sinuses, of which all the 
 others seem to be dependencies j^the two late- 
 ral sinuses, the straight sinus, and the longitu- 
 dinal sinus. To the lateral sinuses belong, — 
 the petrous sinuses, superior and inferior; the 
 transverse sinus ; ih.e , cavernous sinuses ; the 
 coronary sinus, and the occipital sinuses,. To 
 the straight sinus belongs the inferior longitu- 
 dinal. The longitudinal sinus, properly so 
 called, has no sinus under its dependence. 
 
 Sinus Falciformjs Inferior, S. longitudinal, 
 inferior — s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudi- 
 nal, superior — s. Fourth, Torcular Bterophili — 
 s. GensB pituitarius, Antrum of Highmore — s. of 
 the Jugular vein, see Jugular veins^-s. Lacry- 
 malis. Lachrymal sac. 
 
 Sinuses of the Larynx, Ventricles of the 
 larynx. 
 
 Sinuses, Lat'eral, Sinus transver'si, S.mag- 
 ni, 8. latera'les, (F.) Sinus- lateraux. Each of 
 these sinuses, distinguished into right and left, 
 begins at the torcular Herophili, or confluence 
 of the sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the 
 jugular vein. 
 
 SINUS LAT&RAUX, Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinuses, Longitu'dinal, S. Longitudina'les. 
 These are two in number. 1 . Superior Lon- 
 GiTUDiNAi. Sinus, S. falcifor'mis superior, S. 
 triangula'ris, Sinus tnedian, (Ch.) A long, 
 triangular canal ; convex above, concave below, 
 which occupies the whole of the upper edge of 
 the falx cerebri. It is broad behind, and much 
 narrower before, where'it commences by a cul- 
 de-sac, at the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. 
 It passes along the frontal or coronal crest, sa- 
 gittal suture, and the vertical groove of the oc- 
 cipital bone. It -receives several veins from 
 the dura mater ; and all those that are spread 
 over the convex and plain surfaces of the two 
 hemispheres of the brain. It discharges itself 
 into the upper part of the torcular Herophili. 
 2 Inferior LoNGiTirniNAL Sinus, Sinus falci- 
 for'mis inferior. Vena folds cer'ebri. This is 
 much narrower than the last, and occupies the 
 inferior edge of the falx cerebri, from its ante- 
 rior third to the tentorium cerebelli, where it 
 terminates, commonly by two branches, in the 
 straight sinus. 
 
 Sinus MaiAi, Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary, 
 Antrum of Highmore — s. Median, Sinus longi- 
 
 tudinal superior — s. Median, see Semicircular 
 canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina. 
 
 Sinus, Oooip'itax, Sinus occipita'lis. These 
 Onuses commence at the sides of the foramen 
 magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend — becoming 
 broader and nearer each other — into the sub- 
 stance of the fiilx cerebelli, where they fre- 
 quently unite. Each opens into the inferior 
 part of the torcular Herophili. They receive 
 the veins of the falx cerebelli, of the dura ma- 
 ter which lines the fossae cerebelli, and of the 
 posterior part of the cerebellum. Haller and 
 Sommering have given them the name of pos- 
 terior occipital sinuses, to distinguishthem from 
 the transverse sinus, which they have called 
 anterior occipital sinus. 
 
 Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinus trans- 
 versus — s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous siiiua — 
 s. Perpendicularis, S. quartus — s. Pituitarii 
 frontis. Frontal sinuses — s. Polymorphus,' Ca- 
 vernous sinus — s. Portarum, see Liver — s. Pu- 
 dendi. Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina, Vulva. 
 
 Sinus Pulmona'lis, S. sinis'ter cordis, A'tri- 
 um cordis sinis'trum, S. vena'rumpulmona'liuTn, 
 S. arterio'sus, Saccus vena'rum pulmona'liiim. 
 The left auricle of the heart. See Auricula. 
 
 Sinus of the Pulmonary Veins,, Auricle, left. 
 
 Sinus Quartus, iS. perpendicula'ris, (F.) Si- 
 nus choroidien (Ch.), Sinus droit. Straight Si- 
 nus. This sinus^triangular throughout; wide 
 posteriorly; narrower anteriorly; slightly ob- 
 lique downwards and backwards — passes along 
 the base of the falx cerebri, from the termina- 
 tion of the inferior longitudinal sinus to the 
 torcular Herophili. It receives the inferior 
 longitudinal sinus, the veins of the lateral ven- 
 tricles or vencB Galeni, the superior cerebellous 
 veins, &c. 
 
 Sinus Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — s. Rhom- 
 boidal, Calamus scriptorius — s. of the Septum 
 lucidum. Ventricle, fifth-=-3. Sinister cordis, S. 
 pulmonalis — s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous sinus — 
 s. Straight, S. quartus— s, Superciliares, Frontal 
 sinuses — s. Transversi, Sinuses, lateral. 
 
 Sinus Transver'sus, S, occipita'lis ante'rior, 
 Bas'ilar sinus. This sinus lies transversely at 
 the anterior part of the basilary process of the 
 occipital bone. It forms a communication be- 
 tween the two petrous sinuses, and the caver- 
 nous sinus of one side and those of the other. 
 Its breadth is commonly very great. It is si- 
 tuate between two layers of the dura mater, 
 and presents, internally, a kind of cavernous 
 tissue. 
 
 Sinus Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior. 
 
 Sinus Uteri'ni, Sinus cavernd'si TJ'teri, 
 U'terine sinuses. A name given to cavities, 
 formed by the uterine veins in the substance of 
 the uterine parietes. They are ivery large 
 during pregnancy. 
 
 Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals — 
 s. des Vaisseaux seminiferes. Corpus Highmori. 
 
 Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depressions 
 in the aorta and pulmonary artery, immediately 
 opposite the semilunar valves. Their use. is to 
 leave the edges of the valves free, so that they 
 can be caught by the refluent blood. Where 
 the aorta is about to send off the first of its 
 large branches, at the top of the thorax, it is of 
 great size, and has been called the Large sinus 
 of Valsalva. 
 
 Sinus or the Vena Cava, Auricle, right — s. 
 I Venarura cavarum, S. dexter cordis— s. Vena- 
 
SIPEERI 
 
 777 
 
 SLATERS 
 
 rum pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis — s. Venosus, 
 S. dejrter cordis. 
 
 Sinuses, Vee'tebral, (F.) Sinus vertihraux. 
 Two great venous sinuses, different from those 
 of the dura mater-, which e}5tend the whole 
 length of the vertebral canal, from the occipital 
 foramen to the end of the sacruih, behind the 
 bodies of the vertebrae, before the dura mater, 
 and at the sides of the posterior vertebral Liga- 
 raent., At.their inner side they communicate 
 with each other by means of branches, which 
 form Ixvietransiierse sinuses. They are situate 
 at the middle of the body of each vertebra, pass- 
 ing under the posterior vertebral ligament. 
 They receive, at their middle part, tne veins 
 that arise in the spongy tisstie of the Vertebrse. 
 By their ej^ternal side, the yertebVal sinuses 
 communicate with the posterior branches of 
 the vertebral, intercostal, , and lumbar veins. 
 At their posterior side, they receive,the veins, 
 ■which crefep on the prolongation of the dura 
 mater that envelops the marrow. 
 
 Sinus Vulvje, JRima vulvae. 
 
 SIPEERI, Bebeeru. 
 
 SIPEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
 
 SIPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SIPHILIS, Syphilis. 
 
 SIPHIT A, Somnambulism — s. Parva, Chorea. 
 
 SIPHO, Syringe^s. Urinse, Diabetes. 
 
 SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, see Caoutchouc- 
 si. Elastica, see Caoutchouc. 
 
 SIPHUNCULUS, Syringe. 
 
 SIRA, Orpiment. 
 
 .SIRIASIS, Conp de Soleil, Insolation, thre- 
 nitis — «• iEgyptiaca, Coupde Soleil. 
 
 SIRIUM^YRTJFOLIUM, Santalum album. 
 
 SIRIUS, Canicnla. 
 
 SIROP DE CAPIL-LAJRE, see Adiantnm 
 capillus veneris — «. de .Coralline, see Corallina 
 Corsicana. 
 
 SIRUP, Syrup. ' -■ ' • . 
 
 SISON AM^MI. , Fam%,,UmbelIiferaB. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The plant ,that af- 
 fords the Ammiverum of the shops ; (F.) Anrnii 
 lies ' Boutiques. The seeds were once used as. ar 
 carminative. 
 
 SisoN AMo'Muwi (F.) Amome faux, is consi- 
 dered to be excitant and diuretic. It is the 
 field honewort. 
 
 SISYMBRIUM MENTHASTRUM, Men- 
 tha aguatica. 
 
 Sisym'beitjm. -Nastur'tium, Nasturtium 
 aquat'icii'm, iV. offi-eina'le, haver ~'odora'tum, 
 Crateva'sium, Cressi, Vardami'ni fonta'na, 
 Vt^ater Cress, (F.^'Cresson de fontaine. Fa- 
 mily, Cruciferae. , Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia 
 rrillquosa. Water cresses are commonly used 
 in salad. They have obtained a place in the 
 materia medica fortheir antiscorbutic qualities. 
 
 Sisymbrium Officinale, Erysimum. 
 
 f*!iSYMBiiiuif So'tHiA ; the Herh Sophia, So- 
 phia Cki-iurgo'rum, Flix or Flux weed, (F.) Sa- 
 a&sse des Chirurgiens. It was once reputed-to 
 be anthelmintic,, atid valuable in hysterical 
 affections. It is not used. 
 
 Other species of Nasturtium, as N. Palus'- 
 TRc, Marsh water cress; and N. amphib'ium. 
 Water radish, possess similar virtues with Nas- 
 turtium officinale; 
 
 SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes; see Alterative. 
 
 SITIENS, Dipsodes. 
 
 SITIS, Thirst — -s. Intensa, Polydipsia — s. 
 Morbosa, Polydipsia. 
 50 
 
 SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See 
 Archangel, New, mineral waters of. 
 
 SITOS, Aliment. 
 
 SITUS ANOMALUS seu PERVERSUS 
 INTESTINORUM,. Splanchnectopia. 
 
 SIUM, Sium nodifio'rum, Creeping Water- 
 parsnep, (P.) Berle nodiflore. Family, Vm- 
 bellifersB. Sex- Syst. Pentandria Digynfa. It 
 is stimujant, and supposed to be diureti(; and 
 lithontriptic. It is, sometimes, employed in 
 cutaneous eruptions'. . . - 
 
 Sium LaIifo'lium is the common Water-par- 
 snepoi the United States. It is said to be poi- 
 sonous. , ' 
 
 Sium Ninsi. The plant whose root is called 
 Radix Ninsi, Niftzin, Nindsin. This root 
 was long supposed to be the same as ginseng, 
 and.it possesses similar, though weajcer proper- 
 ties. . ' 
 
 Sium Sis'ARUKt, Slnrret, is used aa'a salad in 
 Europe; and has been supposed a useful diet in 
 chest .affections. 
 
 SIVVENS, Sibbens. 
 
 .SKELETIA, Emaciation. 
 
 SICELETOL'OGY, Seeletolog"ia,{^ .) Sque- 
 lettologie, from oxsltTo^, * a skeleton,' and Aoyog, 
 < a discourse.' A treatise on the solid parts of 
 the body. This part of ^natomy comprehends 
 Osteology -and Syndesmolog'^. 
 
 SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum, from axsksrnc, Ca- 
 dav'er exsicna'tum, (F.) SquelHte, Sceleton, a 
 dried bqdy ; from axiXXo], ' I dry.' The aggre- 
 gate of the hard parts of the body, or tbe bones. 
 -A skeleton is found in almost all animals, al- 
 though it may.not be always formed jn the same 
 manner. In sortie, as in the Crustacea and tes- 
 tacea, it is wholly or partly external, Exo'-s&e- 
 leton, Dermo-sieleton. In others, as in birds, 
 the mammalia, &c., it is internal', Endo-siele- 
 ton, Neuro-sieleton. It serves as a support for 
 othei: organs. On .it the general shape of the 
 body and of its various parts is greatly depend- 
 ent. When the bones are united by their na- 
 tural ligaments,' the skeleton is said to be na- 
 tural, ^ceV etum. natur^ l€ ; when articulated by 
 means of wii'es, q/rtificial^Bcel'etumartificici/it. 
 
 SKELETOPCE'IAj Sceletopa'a, Sceleteu'sis, 
 from oztijTos, ' a skeleton,"apd no'stm, ' I make.' 
 The part of practical anatomy which treats of 
 the, preparation bf bones, and the construction 
 of skeletons. Bones are prepared, to- exhibit 
 their conformation, structure, .chymical compo- 
 sition, mode of development, and changes ; the 
 different' cavities formed by the union; and to 
 demonstrate their connexions, relations, modes 
 of union, &c. , - 
 
 SKEVISCH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. . 
 
 SKEVISH, FLEABANE, Erigeron phila- 
 delphicum. 
 
 SKIN,, Cutis. 
 
 SKIN-BOUND DISEASE, Induration of the 
 cellular tissue. 
 
 SKIOMACHIA, Sciomachy. 
 
 SKIRRET, Sium sisarum. 
 
 SKIRSE, Scirrhus. 
 
 SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra. 
 
 SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis. 
 
 SKULL, Cranium. 
 
 SKULL-CAP, Calvaria, Scutellaria galeri- 
 
 SKUNK-CABBAGE, Dracontium fcetidum. 
 SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis. 
 SLATERS, Onisci asellL 
 
SLATKAIA TRAVA 
 
 778 
 
 SNORING 
 
 SLATKAIA' tRAVA, see Spirit.' 
 
 SLAV'ERING, from saliva: P'tyMis'mws 
 iners, Driy'elling, (F.) Bave. Involuntary 
 flow of salivti, from sluggishness of deglutition, 
 without increased secretion.- It is seen in the 
 infant, the aged, and the idiot. , / 
 
 SLEEP, Sax. rlep; Somnusy Sompnus, Sopor, 
 Dormif'io, Hypnos, (F.) Sommeil, Temporary 
 interruption of our relations with external ob- 
 jects. A repose of the organs of sense, intel- 
 lectual faculties, and voluntary motion. 
 
 The act of quitting this condition is called 
 awaking, (F.) evigilation, Aeveil, Sometimes' 
 this is progressive' arid natural; at others, sud- 
 den and starting; (F.) Reveil en sursaut, — as 
 in nightmafe, affections of tHe heart, hypochon- 
 driasis, &c. 
 
 Magnetic ^ieeyf^—Hymidhis biomagnet'icar— 
 is the sleep induced by the so called animal 
 Magnetism. '' 
 
 SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia. 
 
 SLEEP-WALKING, Somnambulism. 
 
 SLIN,G, (G.) Schlinge, JHitel'la,'Mit'rium., 
 A bandage, employed to keep the forearm bent 
 on the arm, in cases of injury done to those 
 parts, in fracture of the clavicle, injury of the _ 
 hands, &c. A handkerchief is ofteti sufficient 
 for this purpose. It mustbe folded diagonally,,! 
 and be tied, hy the extremities, round the neck. 
 The French surgeons have used'rhany varieties 
 of j^ckarpes or slings ; as the Grande eckarpe, 
 dcharpe moyenne, P-etits eqharpej dcharpe de J. 
 L. Petit, &c. ■ ■■ 
 
 SLIPPERS, Impatiens. 
 
 SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated 
 bandage. ' 
 
 SLOE TREE, Prunus'spinosa. ■ ] 
 
 SLOUGH, Eschar. 
 
 SLOWS, Milk sickness. 
 
 SLUG, Limax — s. Sea, Biche de Mer. 
 
 SLUMBERi Somnolency. 
 
 SMALIiAGE, Apium graveolens. 
 
 SMALL-POX, Variola— s. Modified^ Vario- 
 loid, ' ' 
 
 SMALT, Protox'ideof Cobalt, Smaltum, Sa- 
 fre, Aziir, Blue Starch.' This oxyd has been 
 given in rheumatism, in the dose of ten to 
 tvpenty grains. A larger quantity excites vo-" 
 miting. ' ' 
 
 SMARAG'DUS, (F.) Amerande; The eme- 
 rald. It was formerly regarded as a tonic, 
 
 SMARTWEED, Polygonum punctatuin. 
 
 SMECTICA, Detergents. 
 
 SMECTIS, Cimolia terra. 
 
 SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra. 
 
 SMEGMA, afiriyfiai frpm miij/scf, "^to wipe, 
 to rub off.' Soap, grease^ a salve, a liniment. 
 Also, the secretion from the sebaceous follicles 
 of the skjn. - 
 
 Smegma Articultare, Synovia — s. Cutaneum, 
 see Sebaceous glands. 
 
 Smegma Pe;epu'tii. Thefatty secretion from 
 the setaceous follicles of the glans penis. 
 
 SMEGMATORRHCEA, Stearrhtea. ' 
 
 SMEGMORRHCEA, Stearrhcea. 
 
 SMELL, SENSE OF, Olfaction. 
 
 SMELLING, Olfaction. , 
 
 SMELLOME'S OINTMENT FOR THE 
 EYES, Ceratum resinse. 
 
 SMIL AX, Taxus baccata — s. Aspera Chi- 
 nensis, Srailax China — e. Aspera Peruviana, 
 Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smilax'China, China, China orienta'Us, San- 
 kira, Gauquara, S-ndli^x as'pera Chinen'sis, 
 China- root, (F,.)- Squirm, Esqidlie. Pamily, 
 Smilaceae. Sex. Syst. Diceeia Hexandria. For- 
 merly much used in cutaneous and venereal af- 
 fections. 
 
 Smilax Indioa.Spihosa, Smilax pseudo-Gbina 
 — s. Officinalis-, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 Smilax- PsEUi>o-CHiNA,-iS»»i7ffi2; In'dica spi- 
 na' sa, China oceidenta'lis, China spv^ri-a nddo'- 
 sa; American or West India China, In scro- 
 fulous disorders, the root has been oftefa pre- 
 feri-ed to the oriental kii^d. In other cases, it 
 possesses similar virtues, ' 
 
 Smieax Sarsap aril'la, S. offieina'Hs, Sarsa- 
 paril'ld, SartAparil'la, Smilalc as'pera Peruvia'- 
 na, Sarza, Sarsa, Carimllq/n'di, IvqPecdn'gd, 
 Maeapatli, Zarsa,'''Zars!aparil'la,' (5.) Salse- 
 pareiUe, The root of the Sarsaparilla is inodo- 
 rous ; taste bitterish, feculaceouff, and fibrous : 
 of a dark colour externally j w'hite within. ' It 
 is possessed of Wliuj-etife and demnlcent pro- 
 perties, and has been often employed in the se- 
 quelae of syphilis; when, after a mercurial 
 course, nocturnal pains', ulceration, &c., ^con- 
 tinue. It has' also been advised in scrofula, 
 chronic rheumiatism, &c. ; but its efficacy is, to 
 say the least of it, a matter of doubt. Dose, Q j 
 to .^j of tjie powder. 
 
 SMILE, Builr], A curved, two-edged bis- 
 toury.' A knife. , , 
 
 SMILEON, Scalpel. 
 
 SMYRNA, Myrirha. 
 
 SMYRNISMOS; Embalming. ' ' 
 
 SMYR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM, Hipposeli'- 
 num, Smyr'niwrn-, Wacero'na, MaeedonisfiuTn, 
 Hirha Alexandri'na, Gri'elwm, Agri:osdi'num, 
 Alexan'ders, Alsanders. A plant formerly cul- 
 tivated for Cnlinarjr purposes. The seeds are 
 hitter and aromatic, and the roots more power- 
 fully bitter. They have been recommended as 
 ■resolvents, diuretics, em'riienagogues, &c. 
 
 SNAGRELj Aristolochia serpentaria. 
 
 SNAIL, Limak— s. Shell, Cochlea. 
 
 SNAKEHEAD, Chelbne glabra. 
 
 SNAKEROOT, BIRTHWDRT, Aristolo- 
 chia serpentaria — s. Black, Actaea racemosa — 
 s. Button, ISryngium aquaticum,'Liatris spicata 
 — s. Canada, Asarum Canaden^e-^s. Dewitt, 
 Prenanthes — ^s. Evergreen, Polygala paucifolia 
 ■^-s. Heart, Asarum Canadense — s. Virginiana, 
 Aristolochia Serpentaria. 
 
 SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, 
 Helenitim autumnale. Polygonum bifetorta — s. 
 American, Cicuta maeulata. 
 
 SNEEZING, from Sax. nieran; (G.) Nie- 
 lsen, CldnMs'Slernuta'Ho, Sternvta'tib, Stemv.- 
 tamen'tum, Sternfanen'twin, Ptarmos, (F.) Ater- 
 nuertient. A conv.ulsive motion of the expira- 
 tory muscles, by which the air is driven ra- 
 pidly, and rushes sonorously, through the nasal 
 fossse; carrying with it the mucus and foreign 
 bodies, which adhere to' the pituitary mem- 
 brane, and have occasioned the movement. 
 
 SNEEZEWORT, Achillea pt&rmica, Hele- 
 nium autumnale. ■ 
 
 SNORING, Rhenehus, Rhetixis, Ronchus, 
 Rhonch?is,' Stertor, Renchus, (F.) Ronflement; 
 from (G.) s c h a r n e n. Noise made in the 
 posterior part of the mouth and nasal fossae 
 during the movements of inspiration, particu- 
 larly in sleep, both when the person is in health, 
 and in disease, as La apoplexy. In certain affec- 
 
SNOt 
 
 779 
 
 SODA 
 
 tions of the ch§;St — in soipe cases of pulmonary 
 catarrh — a kind of snoring may be distinctly 
 heard by applying tbe ear, or the stethoscope to 
 the chest. 
 
 SNOT, Nasal mucus. 
 
 SNOW, Sax. rnap, JVsVk, Chion, (F.) Neige. 
 Water in a solid state, which falls from the at- 
 mosphere in white flakes. It is used externally 
 as a tonic and discutient. ' 
 
 SNOWBALL, Cephalar»thus occidentalis. 
 
 SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pulvis asari compo- 
 tus., 
 
 SNUFF L,ES, Teut. S n u f f e 1 n, Grave'do ne- 
 onato'rmm, Rhhian'gia, Rhinanch'oni. Breath- 
 ing hard through the nose, often owing to accu- 
 mulation of the mucous secretions, — an affec- 
 tion to which infants are liable, and which is 
 relieved by oiling the interior of the nostrils. 
 
 SOAP, Sapo— s. Acid, see Sapo— s. Berries. 
 Sapindussaponaria^ — s. Black, see Sapo — ^s. Cas- 
 tile, Sapo durus — s. of th^ Cocoa-uut oil, see 
 Sapo—s. Common or soft, see Sapo-^S. Liquid, 
 see Sapo — s. Medicinal, see Sapo — s. Spanish, 
 Sapo durus — s., Yellow, see Sapo. ' 
 
 SOAPWORT, Saponaria. " 
 
 SOB, from Sax, reopian, 'to grieve;' (F.) 
 Sanglot. A spasmodic, sudden, and momen- 
 tary contraction of the diaphragm, immediately 
 followed byTelaxatiori, by which the little Sir, 
 that the contraction has caused to enter the 
 chest, is driven out with- noise. It is an evi- 
 dence of corporeal or mental suffering. 
 
 SOBOLES, Epigone. 
 
 SOBRIETAS, Temperance. 
 
 SOCIA PAROTIDIS, see Parotid. 
 
 ^OCVKSY, Sod' etas, (F.) Soeihi, from so- 
 Hdre, ' to associate.' An association for the 
 promotion Of some common object. 
 
 Societies, Memoal. Associations of me- 
 dical gentlemen for the promotion of science 
 have been numerous, and productive of valuable 
 results. In the United States, societies exist 
 in many of the states, possessing the power of 
 examining into the qualifloations of every one 
 who may be desirous of practising within their 
 particular jurisdiction. In some of the states, 
 however, the qualified and unqualified are per- 
 mitted to exercise their profession with equal 
 piivileges and irnmunities. 
 
 Amongst the medical associations that have 
 issued from time to time useful transactions or 
 publications, are the following : In Amekica, — 
 The Masxackusetts Medical Society; the Phy- 
 'Hca^Tnsdical, and Medical Societies of the State 
 of New Yori;. and the College of Physicians 
 of Philadelphia. In Europe, — The Associa- 
 tion of Fellows and lAeentiates of tjie King's 
 and Queen's College of Physicians of If eland; 
 the -Medico-Chirurgical and Phrenological Sd- 
 deties of Edinburgh; Ihe College of Physicians, 
 the _Medico-Chinirgieal,tiie Medical and the 
 Syde?iham Societies of Lom^on; the AssDci.ated 
 Apothecai'ies and Hurgeon Apothecaries of Eng- 
 land and Wales, and the .Pr.ovinc-ial Medical 
 and Surgical Association; the Koyal Academy, 
 of Surgery, the Royal Society of Medicine, the 
 Societe Medicale d'Emnlaiion, the Societi de 
 Mideeine, the Royal Aeademyof Medicine, and 
 the Societe Medicale d'Ohservation, of Paris; 
 the Medico-Chirnrgical Academy of Vienna; 
 the Medical Societies of Berlin and Copenha- 
 gen, &c. &c. In Asia, — The Medical and Phy- 
 sical Society of Calcutta. 
 
 Valuable medical essfiys are likewise con- 
 tained in the published Transactions of the 
 American Philosophical Society; of the Royal 
 Societies of London, Edinburgh, Gottingen, 
 &c. i of the Royal Academyof Sciences of Paris; 
 the Imperiul Society of Sciences of St. Peters- 
 burg; the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin; 
 the A'ciidemia Imperialis Leopoldinu Natura 
 Curiosorum, &c. 
 
 SOCORDIA, Hallucination. 
 
 SODA. Ah Arabjc word. Protdx'ideofso'- 
 dium,' (F.) Sonde, is obtained by adding caustic 
 lime to a solution of carbonate of soda. The 
 soda in solution may be obtained by evapora- 
 tion as hydrate of soda. Its action is like that 
 pf potassa; but it is not officinal. 
 ' Soda impu'ra, Baril'la, Jiarig' lia, Baril'lor, 
 Soda Hispan'ica, Ana'iron, Natron, Ana'ton, 
 Nitrwm Antiguo'm'm, Kelp, Aphroni' trum, Sal 
 alkali'nus fixus fos'silis., Car'bonas Sod'ee 
 im'purus, Subcar'bonas Soda impu'ra, Ana- 
 chron, the mineral al/cali is obtained from se- 
 veral sources ; — naturally, in Egypt : artifi- 
 cially, from th^ incineration of marine plants; 
 and from the decomposition of sulphate of soda, 
 &c. It is principally, however, derived from 
 plants growing on the sea-coast ; — as the ^also'- 
 la sati'va, S. soda, S. trccgus, Salicor'nia her- 
 ba'eea, Salicortiia Arab'ica, he. The Barille^ 
 ashes are from the ashes of the Salicor'nia Eu- 
 ropa'a: — the Kelp, Soude de Varecg, from the- 
 Fucns vesiculo'sus and other varieties — the 
 Turkey Barilla,' Ro(p^ette, Ceridre du Levant^ 
 Rochet't'a Alexandri'na, fromthe Mesembrya/n'* 
 therrium Cop'ticum; — the AVicant Barilla^Soda 
 Alicanii'na, S. Alonen'sis, from the Mesembry- 
 an'themnm no'SiJlo'rnm; ^ and the Carthage'na 
 Barilla, from the Salicor'jiia and Salso'la. 
 
 Impure subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Sbud&du 
 commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot- 
 ash, chloride of sodium, clay, and other earthy 
 substances. It is chiefly.used for preparing th» 
 pore subcarbonate. 
 
 Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis. 
 
 Soda Aceta'ta, Soda Aee'tas, Ac"etate of 
 Soda, T^rra folia'ta mivera'lis, (F.) Acetate de 
 soude. . This salt is used in similar cases with 
 the acetate of potass. 
 
 Soda Aeeata, Sodae carbonas— s. Alonensis, 
 Soda — s. Biborate of, Borax— s. Bicarbonate of, 
 Sodae carbonas — s. Borate of. Borax — s. Borax- 
 ata, Borax. 
 
 Soda, Cab'bonat'e or, Sodse Oar'bonas, Car- 
 bonas Na/tricum, Soda Aera'ta, SodgB Bicar'- 
 bonas,BiGar'bonate- of. Soda, Carbonate of pro- 
 tox'ide of So^dintn,. (F.) Carbonate de Soude, 
 S. effervescente, S. airee, S. Crayeuse. {Soda 
 suhcarb. ftj, aqnee destill. Oiij. Dissolve the 
 subcarbonate of soda, and pass carbonic acid 
 tjirough the solution ;~ set it aside to crystallize.) 
 Its use is the same as the subcarbonate;^ than 
 which it is less caustic, and is better adapted 
 for effervescing draughts. 
 
 Soda Cav'stica, Ptotox'ide of So'dium,CcMs- 
 tic Soda, (F.) Soude caustiq2i^, S. a la Chaitx, 
 Soude pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated 
 by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its 
 carbonic acid. It may be used as a caustic, 
 like the Potassa fusa, and is even preferable to 
 it, as it does not deliquesce and run. 
 
 Soda, Chlobide of, S. Chtorina'ta, Sodas 
 Chlo'ridum, Chlo'rinated Soda, Natrum Oxy- 
 muriat'icum, Soda Chloriire'tum, Oxymu'rialt 
 
SODA, CHLORINATED 
 
 '780 
 
 SODIUM 
 
 of Soda, (F.) Cklorure de Soude, Chlorure 
 d'oxide de Sodium. This salt is used as a dis- 
 infecting agent; toth to remove offensive 
 smells in chambers, and to alter the condition" 
 of fetid ulcers. See Liquor Sodfe Chlorinatse. 
 
 Soda,, Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of — s. 
 Hispanica, Soda — s. Hydrochlorate of. Soda, 
 muriate of. 
 
 - Soda, Htposulph'ite o^,Soda, hyposulph'is, 
 i¥.)IIyposulfite de Soude. This salt has been 
 lately extolled in chronic cutapeous, and scro- 
 fulous affections. It is given in syrup. 
 
 Soda, Lithate of. Urate of soda — s. Me- 
 phite of, Soda, subcarbonate of. 
 
 Soda, Mu'kiate of. Soda murids, Soda mu- 
 i-id'ta, S. tnuriat'ica, Al'&ali Triinera'lB sali'numj 
 Sal comtnufnis, Sal culina'Hs, Sal fon'tiwm, Sal 
 gemmae, Sal mari'nus, Natron inuria'twm, Sal 
 atbus, JVatrum Tnuriat'icwm, Common salt, Sea 
 salt, Hydrochlo'rinas Na^tricus, Sal fos'silis, 
 Sal Iti'ciduTn, JWuria, Rock salt, Bay salt. 
 White salt, Quadrichlo'ruret of Sodium, Sy- 
 drochlo'rate of protoxide of Sodium,, Hydro- 
 cklo'rate of Soda, Chlorure'tum So'-dii, So'dii 
 Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Sodium, (F.) Chlorure 
 ile Sodiv/in, Sel de Cuisine. ' In an ijnpure state, 
 this salt is one of the roost abundant of natural 
 productions. It is soluble in 3 parts of vcater, 
 and is tonic, purgative, and anthelmintic. Ex- 
 ternally, stimulant. It is a well known and 
 useful culinary substance. 
 , Soda, Nitrate ot. Soda Nitras, Natron ni'- 
 tficum, Al'kali minera'lS nitra'tu^, Nitrum 
 Cii'hicum, Nitrate of protox'ide of Sodium, 
 P rotoniftrate of Sodium, Nitrum Rhomboida'le, 
 Nitras Natricum, Salpe'tra. Its virtues are 
 similar to those of the nitrate of potass, for 
 which it has been substituted. 
 
 boda, OxYniuEiATE OF, Soda, chloride of. 
 
 Soda, Phosphate of, S. Phosphora'ta, Soda 
 phos'phas, Suhphosphate of protox'ide of So- 
 tU cm, Phosphas Na'tricum, Natrmn Oxyphos- 
 phoro'des,- Subpirotophosphate of Sodium, Sub- 
 phos'phate of Soda, Sal mirab'ile perla'tum, 
 Triha'sic phosphate of Spdii, Alkali minera'lS 
 phosphora'tum. Tasteless purging salt, (F.) 
 Phosphate de Soude,' Sel admirable perle. 
 (Bone burnt to whiteness and powdered; Ibx; 
 Sulphuric acid, Bvj ; Carbonate of soda, q. s. 
 Mix the bone with the acid in a covered vessel, 
 add a gallon of water, and stir. Digest for 
 three days, occasionally adding a little water 
 to that lost by evaporation, and frequently 
 stirring the mixture. Pour in now a -gallon of 
 boiling water, and strain through linen, gradu- 
 ally adding more boiling water, until the liquor 
 passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained liquor 
 by, that the dregs may subside ; from which 
 poup off the clear solution, and boil down to a 
 gallon. To this solution, poured off from the 
 dregs and heated in an iron vessel, add by de- 
 crees the carbonate of soda previously dissolved 
 m-hot water, until effervescence ceases, and the 
 phosphoric acid is completely neutralized; then 
 filter the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. 
 Having removed the crystals, add, if necessary, 
 a small quantity of carbonate of soda to the 
 liquor, so as to render it slightly alkaline ; then 
 alternately evaporate and crystallize so long as 
 crystals are produced. Lastly, preserve the 
 crystals in a well stopped bottle, — Ph. U. S.) 
 Catharticj in the dose of from gss to ,^j. 
 
 Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate 
 of. ^ , . 
 
 Soda, SuBfcAEB'oNATE of. Sodas Subedrbpnas, 
 Soda Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Subcarbonate of 
 protox'ide of Sodium, Mephite of Soda, Natron 
 ^prcepara' turn, Sal Soda, Salt of Soda, Flos Salis, 
 Sagi'^men Yitri, Salt of Siaril'la, Sal al'kali, 
 Carbonas Soda of some, (F.) Sous-carbonate 
 de Soude. The impure subcarbonate, dissolved 
 in water ; the solution filtered and crystallized. 
 Soluble in two parts of water at 60°. It is 
 much used as an antacid ; and also as a deob- 
 struent in scrofulous and other"affections. Dose, 
 gr. X to gss. 
 
 The dried' Subcar'bonate of Soda, Sodse Sub- 
 car'honas e^sicca'ta. Soda carbonas exsieca'tjig, 
 Carbonas Soda sicca'turriy (F.) Sous-carbonate 
 de Soude desseche, is 'employed as an antacid 
 and lithontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
 
 Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of. 
 
 Soda, Sulphate of. Soda Sulphas, Natron 
 vitriola'tum, Sal cathar'ticus Glaube'ri,Al'cali 
 minera'lS sulphu'ricum; Natrum sulpku'ricum, 
 Soda vitriola'ta. Sulphas na'tricus, Sal mirab'- 
 ilis GlaubeWi, Ape'rient Salt of, Frederick, 
 Glauber's Salts, (F.) Sulfate de Soztde. Ob- 
 tained from the salt that remains after the dis- 
 tillation of muriatic acid; the supera.bundant 
 acid being saturated with subcarbonate of soda. 
 It is soluble in three parts of water at 60° j is 
 purgative, and, in small doses, diuretic. Dose, 
 gvj to gx. ^ 
 
 The Injmington Glauber^s Salts is a Sulphate 
 of Magnesia and Soda, and is obtained from 
 the mother liquor of sea- water, or by dissolving 
 Epsom salt in a solution of Glauber's salt. 
 
 I Soda, Tartrate of. Tartrate of potass and 
 Soda, Soda' TartaHza'ta, Tar'tarized Soda, Sal 
 Ricpellen'sis, Rochelle Salt, Sal Potychres'tum 
 Seignet'ti, S. Seignetti, Seignette's Salt, Natron 
 tarta7-iza'tum, Tartris potas'sa et Soda, Sodx 
 et Potas'sa Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Soda^ potas- 
 sio-tartras, Tartras Potas's'x et Soda, Tar- 
 trate de potasse et de Soude. (Sodse suhcarb., 
 p.l; potass, supertq,rt., p. 3;_ aq.ferv., p. 15. 
 Dissolve the subcarbonate in water ; and add, 
 gradually, the supertartrate.^ Filter the solu- 
 tion and crystallize.) It is a gentle cathartic. 
 Dose, Jss to gj. 
 
 Soda, Urate of. Urate of Soda — s. Vi'trio- 
 lata, S. sulphate of — s. Water, Acidulous watery 
 simple. 
 
 SoD^ AcETAs, Soda; acetate of — s. Biboras, 
 Borax — s. Bicarbonas, Soda, carbonate of — s. 
 ijoras, Borax — 'S. Boras alcalescens. Borax — s. 
 Boras supersaturus, Bora,x-^s. Carbonas, Soda 
 — s. Carbonas, Soda, Sulicarbonate. of — s. Car- 
 bonas' exsiccatiis, see Soda, subcarbonate of — s. 
 Carbonas impurus, Soda^s. Chloras, Soda, 
 chlorate of — Si. Hyposulphis, Hyposulphite of 
 soda — s. Murias, Soda, muriate of — s. Nitras, 
 Soda, nitrate of — s. Phosphas, Soda, phosphate 
 of — s. et Potassae tartras. Soda, tartrate of — e. 
 Potassio-tartras, Soda, tartrate of — s. Subboras, 
 Borax — s. Subcarbonas impura, Soda. 
 
 SOD II AURO-TERCHLORIDUM, see Gold 
 — s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure- 
 tum, Soda, muriate of. 
 
 SODIUM, Na'trium, Natro'nium. The me- 
 tallic basis of soda. 
 
 Sodium, Carbonate of Protoxide of, Sodae 
 carbonas — s. Chloride of. Soda, muriate of — s. 
 Cklorure de, SodE murias — s. Chlorure d'Oxide 
 
SODOMA GALLORUM 
 
 781 
 
 SOLID 
 
 dt, Soda, chloride of — s. Protonitrate of. Soda, 
 nitrate of — s. Protoxide of, hydrochlorate of. 
 Soda, muriate of — s. Protoxide of. Soda — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, -nitrate of. Soda, nitrate of — s. Pro- 
 toxide of, phosphate of, Soda, phosphate of— s. 
 Protoxide of, suhcarbona,te of. Soda, subcarbo- 
 nate of— s. Quadri-chloruret of, Soda, muriate 
 of — s. Subborate of protoxide of. Borax — s. Sub- 
 protoborate of. Borax — s. Siibprotophosphate of. 
 Soda, phosphate of. 
 
 SODOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis. 
 
 SODOMIA, Buggery. 
 
 SODOMY, Buggery. 
 
 SOFTEffING, Mollities. 
 
 SOI-POUR'SOI, Homceozygy. 
 
 SQJE, Sericum. ' 
 
 SOIF, Thirst — s.'Excessive, Polydipsia. 
 
 SOL, Gold. 
 
 SOLAMEN INTESTINORUM, Pimpinella 
 anisum — s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria. 
 
 SOL'ANOID, Solanoi' ct^s ; from solarium, 'the 
 potato,' and siiSoc,, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
 a potato; potato-like. An epithet applied to a 
 form of cancfrj which appears, to be intermediate 
 between scirrhus and encephaloid, increasiing 
 more rapidly than the former, yet approacliing 
 it in firmness, 
 
 SOLA'NUM,^S. nigrum, S. yulga'ri, Capi- 
 m/)n Nightshade, Garden Nightshade, (F.) 
 Morelle a,fruit noir . Eamily, Solaneae. Sex. 
 Syst, Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic poi- 
 son. — The Htdle de -Morelle is made, by mace- 
 rating in oil, for several days, the leaves and 
 fruit of this plant. The oil is anodyne and dis- 
 cutient. 
 
 SoLANUM DnLGAMA'ttA, Dulcamat a,Solarm,m 
 Scandens, Glycipi' cros,Am.a'ra dulcis, Solanum 
 ligno'sum, X-rQv^rtit of Theophrastus, Bitter- 
 sweet, Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet Night- 
 shade, Bittersweet Vine, Nightshade yine,Violet 
 bloom. (F.) Douee-amire, Morelle grimpante. 
 The taste of the stalks is bitter, followed by 
 sweetness J hen<ie its name. It has been used 
 in inany diseases, as a diuretic and sudorific, 
 especially in chronic rheumatism, hun;ioral 
 asthma, dropsy, various skin diseases, scrofula, 
 and jaundice. Dose, in powder, Qj to gj. 
 
 SoLANUJi EscuLENTUM, S. tuberosum — s. Fce- 
 tidum, Datura stramonitun — s.Furiosum, Atro- 
 pa belladonna — s. Lethale, Atropa belladonna — 
 s. Lignosum, S. dulcamara. 
 
 Solanum Ltcppek'sioum ; the Love-apple 
 plant. The fruit of this, called Toma'ta or Love- 
 apple, (V.yPomme d' Amour, is much eaten in 
 the Unjted States ; and,- with the French, Spa- 
 niards, Portuguese &c., forms an esteemed 
 sauce. ■ . 
 
 Solanum Mapmum Virginianum Rubrtjjw, 
 Phytolacca decandra^s. Maniacum, Atropa 
 belladonna-^s, Maniacum, Datura stramonium 
 — s. Melanocerasus, Atropa belladonna. 
 
 Solanum I(Ielon'gena, Molongena, Egg- 
 plant, Mud Apple plant; (F.) Aubergine. A 
 native of Asia, Africa, and America. Its ob- 
 long, egg-shaped fruit, Pomti/m Melon'genas, 
 Malum insa'nvm, is prepared in soups and 
 sauces in those countries, like the tomata. 
 
 Solanum JVigkum, Solanum — s. Raceinosum 
 Americanum, Phytolacca decandra — s. Scan- 
 dens, S. Dulcamara. 
 
 Solanum Sanctum; IhePdlestine Nightshade. 
 The fruit of this is globular, and is much eaten 
 in the countries where it is a native. 
 
 Solanum Tubeeos'uh*, Bata'bas, Solanum 
 eseulen'tum. Papas America'nMs, Pappus Ame- 
 rica/nus, Americdnum, Tubero'sum, Batla'ta 
 Virginia'na; the Pota'to, (F.) Pomme de Terre. 
 A native of Peru. A nutritious and wholesome 
 vegetable; one of the most useful, indeed, that 
 exists. One hundred pounds of potatoes afford 
 ten pounds of starch, which is equal to arrow- 
 root, as a nutrient and demulcent. It is called 
 Potato Flour, P. Starch, French Sago, Petit 
 Sague, Com/mon Arrow-root, &c, 
 
 SoLANtjM Ukens, Capsicum annuum^^s. Ve- 
 sicarium, PJiysalis-^s, Vulgare, Solanum. 
 
 SOLAR, Solairis, from sol, 'the sun.' Re- 
 lating to the sun; having rays like the sun. 
 
 Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris. Centrum 
 coTnmu'ne, Cer'ebritm abdomina'lS. A collec- 
 tion of ganglions and- filaments, interweaving 
 and anastomosing with each other repeatedly, 
 and belonging to the system of the great sym- 
 pathetic. This vast plexus, lying on the verte- 
 bral column, the a:orta, and the pillars of the 
 diaphragm, has a very irregular shape. The 
 ganglions and' filaments coniposing it are soft, 
 reddish, and almost all issue from the ^emiltmar 
 ganglions. It receives, jilso, branches from the 
 pneumogastfic. It seems to be chiefly intended 
 for the aorta, and accompanies all its branches ; 
 furnishing many secondary plexuses, which are 
 called theinfra-diaphragmatic, cceliac, superior 
 TTLesenteric, inferiox mesenteric, renal or emul- 
 gent, spermatic, &c. ' 
 
 SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella. 
 ' SOLDIERS' WEED, Matico. 
 
 SOLE, Solum, Solea, Basis cor'poris, Ichniis, 
 SuperJic'Hes planta'ris pe^is, Peti'na, Vestig"- 
 iufm,Pe,'dion, Peza, Pelma, Planta'ris superfi- 
 cies pedis, Fa'cies conea'va seu infe'Hor seu Plu- 
 num seu Concavum seu Pars inferior seu Pla- 
 nif'ies seu Planta seu Vola pedis, (F.) Plante dii 
 Pied. The sole of the foot ; the under surface 
 of the foot. 
 
 SOLEA, Sole. 
 
 SOLiAIBE, Soleus. 
 
 SOLEN, Cradle, see Vertebral column. 
 
 SOLENA'RIUM, from ,rahp, 'a canal.' tAn 
 instrument of surgery, representing a kind of 
 gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was 
 placed, like a limb in a cr'adle. — Galen. The 
 word Solen itself — rwhrfi, Cana'lis — wa,s usedj 
 in antiquity, for a grooved channel, in which a 
 fractured limb was placed. 
 
 SOLE'US, Gastrocne'mius inter'nus, Tibio- 
 calcanien, (Ch.;) (F.) Soliaire, from Solea, ' a 
 sole of a shoe.' A muscle situate at the poste- 
 rior part of the leg.. It is broad, flat, and almost 
 oval ; and is attached, above, to the posterior 
 edge of the fibula, ' to the oblique line on the 
 posterior surface, and to the inner edge of the 
 tibia. It terminates, below; by a large tendon, 
 which unites to that of the gastrocnemius ex- 
 ternus, to form the tendo Achillis. , This muscle 
 extends the foot on the leg, and conversely. 
 
 SOLID, Sol'idus, Ste'reos. A body whose in- 
 tegrant molecules are so united by the force of 
 cohesion, that they will not separate by their 
 own weight. The solids, in the human body, 
 are the bones, cartilages, tendons, musclesj liga- 
 ments, arteries, veins, nerves,membranes, skin, 
 &c . The anatomy, or rather study of the solids , 
 is called Stereol'ogy, from (rTtne^t, ' solid,' and 
 >.oyo(, ' a discourse.' 
 
SOLIDAGO 
 
 782 
 
 S0MAC1:TICS 
 
 SOLIDAGO, see Solidago virgaurea— s. Sa-; 
 racenica, S. virgaurea. 
 
 SolidA'go Viegau'rea, Virga tMrea, Herba 
 do'rea, Cony'za coma aurea, Sym'phSjtum Fe- 
 trtE'um, Elich'ryswm, Conaol'ida seu Solida'go 
 Saraeen'ica, Golden rod. Nat: Or d. Compo- 
 eitse Corymbiferse. Sex,Syst. Syngenesia snper- 
 flua. (F.) Verg&d'or. The, leaves of Solida'go 
 odo'ra — Solida'gd (Ph. TJ. S.) — and the flowers, 
 have heen recommended as aperients and tonics, 
 in urinary diseases, and in internal hemorrhag'e. 
 
 SOL'IPISM, ' Fatkolog"ia solidd'ris. The 
 doctrine of. those physicians who refer all dis- 
 eases to alterations ofthe solid {jarts of the body. 
 To the believers in this doctrine, the appellation 
 SoVidists has been given. The solidists think 
 that the solids alone are endowed with vital pro- 
 perties j that they^lone can receive tBe impres- 
 sion Of morbific agents, and be the seat of patho- 
 logical phenomena. Solidism has been'the pre- 
 valent doctrine until recently. It is scarcely 
 necessary to say, that in all our investigations, 
 the condition, of both solids and fluids must be 
 regarded. 
 
 SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium — s. Pe- 
 dis j Metatarsus. 
 
 SOLUBILITY, SolubiVitas, from solvere, 
 solutum, 'to dissolve.' That property of a 
 body by virtue of which.it can be dissolved in 
 a menstruum. - 
 
 TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES 
 IM WATER. 
 
 NAMES OP SALTS. 
 
 Acids, 
 
 Benzoic, ....~ 
 
 Citec,...'.-. 
 
 Oxalic;......... ...... 
 
 Taftaric, 
 
 Salts. 
 Acetate of Potass, — 
 Soda,. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia,. . . 
 
 Magnesia,. . . 
 
 — -^^-^ Potass 
 
 Soda 
 
 Chlorate of Potass,. 
 Soda,. 
 
 Muriate of Ammooia,. 
 
 ^ I.ime, 
 
 r — Magnesia,. 
 
 Potass,. . . . 
 
 Soda, 
 
 Nitrate ofPotass,. 
 Soda,. 
 
 Phospliate of Soda 
 
 Sulpbateof Ammonia,., 
 
 Coppei 
 
 Iron 
 
 Magnesia,. 
 
 Potass,.... 
 
 Soda,. 
 
 -^ubborate of Soda,... 
 
 Supersulpfiate of JPotass-. 
 
 Supertartrate of Poiass 
 
 Tartrate of Potass, 
 
 Tartrate of Potass and Soda, .. . 
 : Antimony and Poias' 
 
 SolMliti/mMm 
 parts water. 
 
 0.S08 
 133 
 30 
 very soluble 
 
 100 
 35 
 50 
 
 3 ' 
 25 
 SO 
 
 6 
 35 
 
 3sr 
 
 200 
 100 ' 
 
 33 
 
 35.43 
 
 14.25 
 
 33 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 in 
 
 30 
 100 
 
 6.35 
 37 
 
 8.4 
 
 5.0 
 
 1.5 
 35 
 2(i 
 
 4.17 
 500 
 100 
 
 40 
 .15 
 lOO 
 
 36.16 
 100 
 100 
 
 50 
 J 00 
 
 50 
 100 
 133' 
 ■20 
 135 
 
 16.8 
 100 
 .1.3 
 
 SOLUM, Sole. 
 
 SOLUTIO, Solution-^s.Alexiteria Gaubiaija, 
 see Disinfection — s. AinmoniaB subcarbonatis, 
 Liquor ammonise subcarbonatis — s. Arsenicalis, 
 Liquor arsenicalis — s. Arsenicata, Liquor arse- 
 nicalis — s. Arsenitis kalicse, Liquor arsenicalis 
 — s. Calcis, Liquor calcis — s. Camphorae eethe- 
 rea, Tinctura setherea camphorata — s. Cam- 
 phorae oleosa, Linimentum camphorse — s. Con- 
 
 tinui, Solution of continuity — s. Ferri nitratis, 
 see Tinctura ferri muriatis— s. Guaiaci gum- 
 mosa, Mistura guaiaci — s; Muriatis r barytoe, 
 Baryta, muriate of — s. Muriatis calcis, see Cal- 
 cis murias — s.Muriatis ferrici aetherea,Tinctura 
 seu alcohol sulfurico-asthereus ferri — s. Muriatis 
 Ijydrargyri oxygenati, Liqaor hydrargyri oxy- 
 muriatis — 'S. Potassii iodidi iodureta. Liquor io- 
 dini compositus — s. Resinae guaiaci aquosa, Mis- 
 tura guaiaci — s. Subcarbonatis ammoniac! spi* 
 rituosa, Spiritus ammoniae. 
 
 So^UTIO SuLPHA'tIS ClJPRI COMPOS'lTA, 
 
 Aqua viiriol'ica C(^,ru'lea, Sydenham's Styptic 
 Water. {Sulpk. cupri, ^iij, alum., acid, sulph., 
 aa ^i], aqua, §viij i dissolve, and filter.) 
 
 SOLUTION, Solu'tio, Lysis, (F,) Dissolu- 
 tion. An operation which consists in dissolving 
 a solid body in a menstruum. Likewise, the 
 product of such operation. If means, also, with 
 many, the termination of a disease : — with 
 others', a termination accompanied by critical 
 Signs J — and, with others, again, it is synony- 
 mous with crisis. 
 
 Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, Liquor 
 ammonise acetatis..— s. of; Acetate of morphia. 
 Liquor morphiae acetatis — s. Alkaline, see Fu- 
 ligokali — s. of Alkaline iron. Liquor ferri alka- 
 lini— s. of Alum, compound. Liquor iluminis 
 compositus — s. of Ammoniated copper. Liquor 
 cupri ammoniati — s. Arseiiical, Liquor arseni- 
 calis — s. of Charcoal, concentrated, see Tinc- 
 tura catechu.— s. jof Chlorinated soda, Liqnoi- 
 sodae ehlorinatffi— s. of Citrate of potassa, Li- 
 quor potassse citratis. 
 
 Solution of Continu'itt, Solu'tio contin'iii. 
 Any division of parts previously continuous i-^ 
 as a wound, a fracture, &c. , 
 
 Solution of Corrosive Sublimate, Liquor 
 hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. Donovan's, see Ar- 
 senic and Mercury, Iodide of — s. Fowler's, Li- 
 quor arsenicalis — s. of Hydriodate of potass. Li- 
 quor potassse hydriodatis — s. of Iodide of iron. 
 Liquor ferri iodidi — s. of Iodine, compound. Li- 
 quor iodini compositus — s. of Iron, nitrated, see 
 Tiiictura ferri muriatis — s. Labarraque's, Eau 
 de Javelle — s. of Lime, Liquor calcis — s. 
 Lugol's, Liquor iodini compositus^s. of Mag- 
 nesia, condensed. Magnesia, fluid — s. of Monro, 
 Liquor of Monro — s. of Oxymuriate of mercury, 
 Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s. Plenck's, 
 see Hydrargyri oxydtim cinereum — s. de Fo- 
 tasse. Liquor potassas — s. of Potass, Liquor po- 
 tassse — s. of Subacetate of lead. Liquor plumbi 
 subacetatis — s. of Subacetate of lead, diluted. 
 Liquor plunibi subacetatis dilutus — s. of Sub- 
 carbonate of potass, Liquor potassae subcarbo- 
 natis — s. of Sulphate of morphia, Liquor mor- 
 phias sulphatis^s. of Tartarized antimony, Vi- 
 num antimonii tartarizati — s. of Van Swieten, 
 Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
 
 SOLUTIVUS, Laxative. 
 
 SOLVENS, Solvent— s. Minerale, Liquor 
 arsenicalis. 
 
 SOLVENT, Solvens, (F.) Fondant, from 
 solvere, 'to dissolve.' A medicine supposed to 
 possess the property of dissolving or removing 
 obstructions and extraneous stibstances. Thus 
 we have solvents of the stone in the bladder, 
 &c. 
 
 Solvent, Mineral, Liquor arsenicalis. 
 
 Solvents, Dissolventia. 
 
 SOMA, Body, Corpus. 
 
 SOMACETiCS, Gymnastics. 
 
SOMATIC 
 
 783 
 
 SOPHISTICATION 
 
 SOMAT'IC, Somat'ifius; from ffo^ito!, ' the 
 body.' That whieh concerns the body; — as 
 somatic death, or death of the body, in contra- 
 distinction to molecular death or the death of a 
 part. 
 
 SOMATOL'OGY, Somatolog"ia, from a-o);««, 
 ' the body,' and wj-ac, ' a discourse.' A treatise 
 on the hupaan body. Anatomy. 
 
 SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy. 
 
 SOMMEIL, Sleep. 
 
 SOMNAM'BULISM, Somnambtda'tio, Byp- 
 nohate'sis, Hyimobata'sis, Hypnobati'a, Rhem- 
 bas'muSj Lunatis'musy Hypnoner' gia, Sileno-, 
 ga'mia, JS'yctobate'sisy Auto7iyctQbati'a, Seleni'- 
 asisy Selenias'TTLuS, Somnambulis''mus, Nyctob'- 
 aais, Noctambula'tio, Noctambulis'mus, Nycto- 
 ha'dia^ Nyctoba'tiit, Siphita^ Syphita, Paroni'- 
 ria am'bulans), Noetinur'gium, Oneirodyn'ia 
 ecti'va, Sa-mno'vigil, Sleep-walking, fronl som- 
 nus, ' sleep,' and ambulafe, ' to walk.' A con- 
 dition of the Tjrain which occasions the indivi- 
 dual to execute, during sltjep, some of those 
 actions that commonly take place when a wake. 
 It has been imagined that the somnambulist is 
 guided solely by hjs internal senses ; but there 
 are many facts which induce the belief that thie 
 external senses are not always entirely sus- 
 pended. The causes of somnambulism are 
 very obscure; and the principal indication of 
 treatment is, — so to arrange the -bed-chamber 
 of the somnambulist, that he cannot get out of 
 it during sleep ; and to avoid sappers, as well 
 as all bodily and mental excitement. 
 
 Somnambulism, Magnet'ic or Aktifio"ial, 
 Sovmambulis'Tnus attificia'lis, Cataph'ora ttiag- 
 nefica, is that peculiar nervous condition, 
 into which individuals' have been occasionally 
 throwii by the Animal Magnetizer. It has oc- 
 curred only in those of weak nervous tempera- 
 ment; in hysterical females, &c. 
 
 SOMNAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism— s. 
 Artificialis, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
 
 SOMNAM'BULIST, Somnwm'bulus, Hyp- 
 Ttob'tztesy-I^oCtdTtilhiUus, Lnmat'icusj JVoctam'bu- 
 lo, Somnum'balo. Asleep-Walker. 
 
 SOMNAMBULO, Somnambulist. 
 
 SOMNIA'TIOj from Somnium, 'a dream.' 
 The act of dreaming. 
 
 SoMNiATio MoEBosA, Oneirouosus — s. in 
 Statu Vigili, Hallucination. 
 
 SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'nifer, Soporifer, 
 Eypnot'icus, Bypnnpaus^ Soporati'vus, Sopo- 
 rific, Soporif'exous. A medicine which causes 
 sleep. I 
 
 SOMNILO'QUIUM, Somnihquis'mus, Som'- 
 niloquiam, from somnus, 'sleep,' anA Iqqiior, 
 ' I speak.' Talking in the sleepl 
 > SOM'NIUM, Enyp'nion, Insom'nium, a 
 Dream, (F.) Reve,'Sdnge. A confused assem- 
 blage, or accidental and involuntary combina- 
 tion of ideas and images. Which present them- 
 selves to the mind during sleep. Dr. S. Mitchell, 
 of New York, used the word Somnium to sig- 
 nify the state between sleeping and waking, in 
 which persons perform acts of which they are 
 uQconscious. 
 
 For ' waking dreams,' spe Hallucination. 
 
 Those distressing dreams which occur during 
 a state of half sleep, are called, by the French, 
 Revas-senes, 
 
 SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism. 
 
 SOM'NOLENC Y, Somnolen'tia, Hypncss- 
 the'sis, Hypno'dia, Dormita'tio, Heaviness, 
 
 Cams Lethar'gus Cataph'ora, Cataphora, Co- 
 ma Somnolen'tum, Caro'sis, Slitmber, (F.) A^- 
 ■soupissement. Sleepiness. Also a state in- 
 termediate between sleeping and waking. It 
 is often a symptom of disease. 
 
 SOMNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SOMPNUS, Sleep. 
 
 SON, Furfur, Sound. 
 
 SONCHUS OLERA'CEUS, Cicer'bita, Sov, 
 Thistle, .{^ .y Laiteron doux. Family', Cichora- 
 ceae. Most of the species of Sonchus abound 
 with a milky juice, which is very bitter,- and 
 said to possess diuretic virtues. 
 
 SONDE, Sound, Specillum— j. Cannilee, 
 Director. 
 
 SONDE D'ANEL. A very fine stylet of 
 silver, awl-shaped at one end. It is used for 
 probing the lachrymal passage? through the 
 punctum lachryraale. 
 
 SONDE DE BELLOC. An instrument in-^^ 
 vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal fossse, 
 in cases of heiporrhage. It consists of a curved 
 silver eanula, open at both end^, and furnished 
 witha-button. The instrument is paeSed through 
 the nares to the throat ; and a plug is attached 
 to the button, so that, when the instrumetit is 
 drawn forwards through the ,nose, the posterior 
 nostri,! is stopped. 
 
 SONDE BRISiE (F.), Eyed probe. A 
 lon^, straight stylet, composed of two parts, 
 which may be screwed to each other; blunt at 
 one end, and furnished at the other with an 
 eye, so that it may be used either as a probe 
 for punctured wounds, or for a seton needle. 
 
 SONDE J CONpUCTEUR, (F.). A mo- 
 dification of the ordinary catheter; — to facili- 
 tate thfe changing ofcatheters, without the fear 
 of making false passages. It is a common ca- 
 theter, open at its beak. The Stylet or Man- 
 drin is one half longer than that of the ordinary 
 catheter. To use the instrument, the stylet is 
 pushed into the cavity of the bladder through 
 the catheter. , The latter is then withdrawn by 
 slipping, it over the stylet, which is kept in its 
 place, and serves as a guide to a fresh catheter. 
 
 SONDE DE LAfOREST. A small, 
 crooked eanula, used for probing the nasal duct 
 from below upwards, and for throwing injec- 
 tions into it. 
 
 SONDE ou PINCE DE HIXNTER. A 
 cylindrical silver eanula; of the size of a com- 
 mon catheter; open at both extremities, and 
 containing a wire , of iron, one of the ends of 
 whichds split into two parts; each being ter- 
 rfiinated by a small silver scoop, and sepa- 
 rating from each other by virtue of their elas- 
 ticity, when pushed out of the eanula, and 
 again approximating When drawn in. It has 
 been used for laying hold of small calculi in the 
 urethra. 
 
 SONJ3E DE VARECQ, Soda. 
 
 SOiVG.B, Somnium. 
 
 SONITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium— s. 
 Fluidi, Hygreohema — s. Hepaticus, Hepateche- 
 ma — s. Intestinalis, Enterechema — s. Stoma- 
 chicus, Gasterechema. 
 
 SONUS, Sound — s. Vocis, Accent. 
 
 SOOJA, see Dolichos. 
 
 SOOT, Fuligo— s. Tea, see Fuligokali— s. 
 Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's. 
 
 SOPHIA, Sisymbrium sophia — s. Chirurgo- 
 rum, Sisymbrium Sophia. , 
 
 SOPHISTICATION, Falsification. 
 
SOPHORA HEPTAPHYLLA 
 
 784 
 
 80UDE 
 
 SOPHO'RA HEPTAPHYL'tA, Anticko- 
 ler'ica. Family, LeguminoSEe. Sex. Syst. De- 
 candria Monogynia. The root and seeds of this 
 shrab are intensely bitter, arid are said to have, 
 been found useful in choleraj colic dysentery, 
 &c. 
 
 SOPHORA TINCTO'RIA, Baptis'ia tinc- 
 to'ria, Fodalyr'ia Tincto'ria, Indigof'era, Wild 
 Indigo, Indig'a Weed, Broom, Indigo Broqm, 
 Horsefly Weed, Teilow Broom, Clover Broom, 
 Rattle Bush, Telloii) Indigo. -An Aflierican, 
 plant, the taste of whose root is unpleasant, 
 subacrid, and nauseous^very simila:f to ipe- 
 cacuanha. In a large dose, the bark of the root 
 acts both as an emetic and catharticJ It has 
 been considered antiseptic and febrifuge, and 
 has been used, in the form of fomentation , or 
 cataplasm, in phagedenic and gangrenous ulcers. 
 A liniment, prepared by simmering the cortical 
 part of the root in cream, has been found an 
 efficacious application to sore nipples and to 
 
 SOPHRONISTtE DENTES, see Dentition. 
 
 SOPHRONISTERES DENTES, see Den- 
 tition. 
 
 SOPHROSYNE, Temperance. 
 
 SOPIENS,.Paregoric. 
 
 SOPIO, Opium. 
 .^SOPOR. A profound sleep, from which the 
 person can be roused with difficulty. It is a, 
 symptom in many of the neuroses. 
 
 Sopor Caroticus, Carus. 
 
 SOPORARI^ ARTERI./E, Carotids. 
 
 SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous. 
 
 SOPORIFER,' Somniferous; > 
 
 SOPORIFIC, Somniferous. 
 
 SORA, Essera. 
 
 SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SORBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifraga. 
 
 SORBEFA'CIENT, Sorhefa'ciens, from sor- 
 here, ^ to suck in,' and/apere, ' to make.' A 
 remedy that promotes absorption. 
 
 The following are the chief sorbefacients : — 
 Acida Vegetabilia ; Alkalia; Ammoniacum; 
 Brominumj Galbanum; Hydrargyri Prseparata; 
 lodinum; Liquor Calcii chloridi; Spongia usta: 
 Compression, .(methodical;) Friction; Mental 
 Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.) , ' 
 
 SORBETHUM; Sherbet. 
 
 SORBETTUM, Sherbet. 
 
 SORBETUM, Sherbet. 
 
 SORBIER DBS OI$ELEURS, Sorbus 
 acuparia-. ' 
 
 SORBITIO, Jus. 
 
 SoRBiTio Caenis seu Ex Caene. Broth or 
 soup made of meat. 
 
 SORBITUM, Jus. 
 
 SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica. 
 
 SORBUS, Crataegus aria, S. domestica. 
 
 SoR'BVS Actjta'kia, Mes'piluSjMojmtain Ser- 
 vice, Mountain Ash, Quicken Tree, Rotin Tree, 
 (F.) Sorbier des Oiseleurs. ^^he berries of this 
 tree are employed for similar purposes as the last. 
 
 SoEBUs Domest'ica, Sorbus, Oie, Service or 
 Sorb Tree, (F.) Cormier. Family, Rosacese. 
 Sex, Syst. Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of 
 this tree, Sorbum, is astringent, and has been 
 recommended in diarrhoea and dysentery. It 
 is given in the form of rob. A kind of cider is 
 made from it, and also brandy. 
 
 SORDES, Rhi/pos. A dirty-looking sanies, 
 discharged from ulcers. Also, accumulations 
 of the secretions of the mouth, on the teeth in 
 
 adynamic fevers more especially, and of foul 
 matters ii) the stomach — Sordes prim' arum via'- 
 rum, Rhypa'ria. The French call an ulcer, 
 exhibiting such an appearance, sordid. Also 
 dirt of any kind. 
 
 SoedeS, Ichor, Saburra — s. Acidae, Acidities 
 — s. Aurium, Cerumen — s. Primarum viarum, 
 Fmbarras gastrique, see Sordes — s. Ventris, 
 Excrement. - ' 
 
 SORDICUL^ ACIRIUM, Cerumen. 
 
 SORE, Ulcer. 
 
 SoEE, Bay. A disease' which Mosely con- 
 siders to be a true cancer. It is endemic in the 
 Bay of Honduras. 
 
 SoEE Mouth, Stomatitis — s. Clergyman's, 
 Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Gangrenous, Cancer 
 aquatipus — s» Inflammatory, Cyrianche tonsil- 
 laris — s. Putrid, Cynanche maligna — s. Throat, 
 Cynanche — s. Throat, ulcerous, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 SORENESS} from Teut. seer, (G.) Sehr, 
 'very,' Sax. yia^, Para'p'sis acris teneritu'du. 
 Painful uneasiness or tenderness, local or ge- 
 neral, on being touched with a pressure that 
 does not usually excite distressing feeling. 
 Often, a febrile symptom. Also, the' tendfer- 
 ness of a wound, ulcer, &c. 
 
 SORGHUM, Padicum Italicum. 
 ^ SOROCCO, Puna. 
 
 SOROCHE, Puna. 
 
 SORORIA'TIO. The period at which the 
 breasts of the female become developed. The 
 act of becoming thus developed. . A young 
 maiden, whose mammae begin to show, was for- 
 merly called ^ororians vi/rgo. — Plautus. 
 
 SORREL, COMMON, Rumex acetosa— s. 
 French, Rumex scutatus-r-s. Gkrden, Rumex 
 scutatus — ^s. Mountain, Oxalis acetosella,,Oxy- 
 riareniformis — s. Salt of, 'Potass, oxalate of — s. 
 Roman, Rumex scutatus— s. Tree, Andromeda 
 arb'orea — s. White, Oxalis acetosella — s. Welsh, 
 Oxyria reniformis. 
 
 SOSTRUM, improperly Sotriim; from nuttir, 
 ' to save.' A reward given to one who saves 
 the life of another. A physician's fee or 
 honorarium. 
 
 SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina. 
 
 SOTERI^ AQUjE, Waters, mineral. 
 . SOTIREL'L A . Ancient name of a medicine 
 composed of opium, several narcotics, nutmeg, 
 saffron, camphor and soot. It was used in cer- 
 tain diseases of the teeth. 
 
 SOTRUM, Sostrum. 
 
 SOUBRESAUT, Subsultus tendinum. 
 
 SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben. 
 
 SOJJCHET DES IITDES, Curcuma longa 
 — «. Odorant, Cyperus longus — s.Rond,Cype- 
 rus rotundus. 
 
 SOXJCI, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia — ■ 
 J. des Champs, Calendula arvensis — «. Ordi- 
 naire, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 SOTJDE, Soda — s. Acetate de. Soda, acetate 
 of — s. Acre, Sodae carbonas — s. Borate de. Bo- 
 rax — s. Borate sursature de, Borax — s. Carbo- 
 nate de. Sodas carbonas — s. Caustique, Soda 
 caustica — s. a la Chaux, Soda caustica — s. Chlo- 
 rure de. Soda, chloride of-^s. du Commerce, 
 Soda — s. Crayeuse, Sodae carbonas — «: Efferves- 
 cente, Sodae carbonas — s. Hyposulfite de, Soda, 
 hyposulphite of — s. Fhosphate de. Soda, phos- 
 phate of — s. et de Fotasse, Tartrate de. Soda, 
 tartrate of — s. Pure, Soda caustica — s. S021S- 
 borate de. Borax — s. Sous-carbonate de. Soda, 
 
SOTTFFLE 
 
 785 
 
 SPARADRAPUM 
 
 satcarbonate of— ^i. Sulfate de, Soda, sulphate 
 of. . 
 
 SOVFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory — s. 
 Am^horique, sge Cavernous respiration — s, Me- 
 tcdlique, see Cavernous respiration — i. Placen- 
 taire, Bruit placentuire—s. Tltbaire, see Mur- 
 mur, respiratory — s. JJterin, Bruihplacentaire. 
 
 SqUFRE, Sulphur— «. Sublime, Sulphur 
 sublfrnatum. 
 
 Sound, SpecHl'um, Stylwsi, Explorato'rium, 
 Radi'olus, (F.) Sonde. An instrument used 
 by surgeons to discover whether there be a 
 stone in the bladder. It is usually made of 
 highly polished steel, and is shaped like the ca- 
 theter. The operation is termed sounding. 
 
 The French Sonde has, however, a more ex- 
 tensive signification. It means different in- 
 struments introduced into cavities of certain 
 organs, or into wounds^ fistulas, &c., to inves- 
 tigate their condition ; or to fulfil some thera- 
 peutical indication. See Sonde. 
 
 ■ Sound, Bruit^s. Auricular, Apyromele — s. 
 Bellows, friction, rasp, saw,lancet, &c., see Brwit 
 — s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche. 
 
 SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound. 
 
 SOXJPIR, Sigh.. 
 
 SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vac- 
 ciniuin oxycoccos — s. Dock, boreal,. Oxyria 
 reniformis — s. Leaf, Andromeda arborea — s, 
 Tree, Andromeda arborea — s. Wood, Andro- 
 meda arborea. 
 
 SOURCIL, Supercilium. 
 
 SOURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii. Su- 
 perciliary. 
 SOURSS MVETS, see Mutitas surdorum. 
 SO C7B/S,, Nictation. 
 
 SOUS ■ ACROMIO - CLA VI- HUMERAL, 
 Beltoid—s. At/oidien, Subatloidasus — s. Axoi- 
 dien, Subaxoidseus — s. Clavier, Subclavius — s. 
 Costaux, Intercostal — s. Gviani, Subcutaneous 
 — s. Jipineux, Infra-spinatus — s-. Lingual, Sub- 
 lingual — s. ilfoasV/ffljVe, Submaxillary — s. Max- 
 illo-Labial, Depressor anguli oris — j . Mental, 
 Subttiental— ■ s. Metacarpo -lateri-phalangien. 
 Prior annularis — s. Optico-spkeno-scleroiicien, 
 Rectus inferior oculi^-s. Orbitaire, Silborbifar 
 — s. Pubio-coecygien, Levator ani — *. Fubior 
 crM-tibial, Gracilis — s'. Pubio-pretiUal, Graci- 
 lis — s. Pubio-trockanterieTi-externe, Obturator 
 externus — s. Pubio-trachanterien-interne, Ob- 
 turator internus — s. Scapulaire, Subscapularis 
 — ». Scapulo-trochinien, Subscapularis^*. Sets, 
 see Salt. 
 
 SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum 
 — e. Field, Artemisia campestris — s. Maritime, 
 Artemisia toaritima— s. Tartarian,. Artemisia 
 santonica. ' - • . 
 
 SOWBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen. ' 
 SOY, see Dolichos soja. 
 SPA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A tovm 
 Seven leagues S. E. of Li6ge, where there are 
 several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous 
 taste; containing much carbonic acid, carbo- 
 nates of iron, lime, and magnesia ; carbonate of 
 soda, and chloride of sodium. The water is 
 much used as a tonic. 
 
 Spa Water, AuTiFicrAL. Sodss subcarb., 
 gr. vij ; magnesise carbon., Qj ; limat. ferri., gr. 
 iij ; sodii chlorid., gr. j ; aquse, Oiij. Impreg- 
 nate with gas from marble powder and> sulph, 
 and., aa t)x. 
 SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, Tarini 
 
 pons — s; Perforated, anterior, Locus perforatus 
 anticus— s. Perforated, posterior, Tarini pons. 
 SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm. 
 SPAGYRIA, Chymistry. 
 S1^AG"YRISTS, from tmam, 'I separate,' 
 and aysigm, ' I assemble ;' because they reduced 
 compounds into elements ; and formed the latter 
 into compounds (?). A sect of physicians, who 
 pretended tb account for the changes that occur 
 in the human body in health and disease, in the 
 same manner as the chymists of their day ex- 
 plained those of the inorganic kingdom. — Me- 
 dici'na Paracelsis'tica seu Spagyr^ica, was 
 likewise called Hermet'iea, because it was be- 
 lieved that the means of cure adopted in it had 
 been found in the books of Hermes. 
 
 SPAN^'MIA, from OTtcfcos, 'poor,' and 
 'aijio, 'blood.-' Poverty of the blood. Dimi- 
 nution in the quantity of-fibrin and red corpus- 
 cles of the blood, — as where bleeding has been 
 carried beyond certain limits. — Simon. 
 SEANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum. 
 SPANISH FLY, Cantharis. 
 SPANOPO'GON, from ottok)?, 'rare,' and 
 TToiyiuv, ' beard.' One who has lost his beard, 
 at has a thin beard. 
 
 The Greeks called those'who had little beard, 
 or who had lost it, §panopogp'nes . 
 SPARADRAPA; sparadrapum. 
 SPARADRAPIER. The name of a ma- 
 chine for spreading sparadraps. A Plaster 
 machine. It consists of a table, with two raised 
 pieces, movable, and furnished with points, by 
 which the cloth can be stretched, and of a la- 
 mina or blade of metal to extend the plaster 
 oyer it. ' ' . 
 
 SP'ARADRA'PUM, Sparadra'pa, Sparadra- 
 puSf Tela eviplas'tica, Spandara^pum, (F.) Spa- 
 radrap. Any adhesive plaster spread upon 
 linen or paper. The chief sparadraps are the 
 following: — ' ; , 
 
 Sparadeapum AdHjGsi'vum, Adhe'sive Plas- 
 ter. A spread plaster of the Emplastrum adhss- 
 sivum. It is also called Strapping. 
 
 English Court Plaster is a Sparadrap, (F.) 
 Taffetas agglutinatif, T.gom/me, Taffetas d'An- 
 gleterre; Se/iciim An'glicum, Emplas'trum An- 
 glicum, E. Anglica'num, E. Adhcesi'vum, 
 Woodstock'ii, E. IchthyoeoVla tela induc'twtn^ 
 E. Glutino^swm, Tela Ichthyocol'l'ce glu,'ti?ians, 
 Isinglass Plaster. It is made by stretching 
 black silk, and brushing" it ov6r with a solution 
 of isinglass ^j, in proof spirit, §xij, to which 
 tinct. benz. _^ij, are added. When dry, this is 
 repeated five times ; after this, two coats are 
 given it of a solution of tereb. Chice giv, in 
 tinct. benz. Jvj, which renders it less liable to 
 crack. 
 
 Liston's Isinglass Plaster is made by spread- 
 ing several coats of strong solution of isinglass 
 in weak spirit over oiled silk, or, still better, 
 over animal membrane previously prepared for 
 the purpose from the peritoneal coat of the cae- 
 cum of the ox. 
 
 SpAEADKAPUM *E0 FoNTio'uLis, Issuc Plas- 
 ter, is sometimes made of simple diachylon, 
 Biij ; Burgundy^ pitch, and ' sarcocolla, each 
 ^iv; common turpentine,^]. Spread upon linen 
 and polished with a moistened calendering glass 
 rubber. 
 
 Spaeabeapum seu Tela Galteei, Defensive 
 Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier. This is made 
 of olive oil, ffiss; suet, §iv; wax, §x; litharge. 
 
SPARADRAPUS 
 
 786 
 
 SPECIFIC 
 
 common, turpentine, thus and mastieh, aa |ij"; 
 bole armeniac, flour, aa gj. Pour it, wtile 
 liquid, upon cloth, and spread. Used for issues 
 and to keep on dressings, 
 
 SpAEADEA'pnm Vesicato'ricm. Several sub- 
 stances have been introduced as substitutes for 
 blistering plaster, (see Eraplastrum Lytt«,) 
 under the nanies — Tda vesicato'ria. Blistering 
 Tissue, &c., and other forms of which are the 
 Taffetas vesicant, Papier epispastique. Taffetas 
 epispastique. They are made of an ethereal or 
 alcoholic extractof cantharides,or of cantharidin, 
 mixed with wax and spread, in a very fine layer, 
 on silk or paper previously oiled or waxed. 
 They are efficient agents. 
 
 SpAEADKAPUM Viji'iDE, Com Piaster. This 
 may be made of yellow wax, ibij.; Burgundy 
 pitch, Jxij; common turpentine, gvj; verdigris, 
 giij; spread on cloth and polished. 
 
 Kennedy's Com Plaster is made of yellow 
 wax, fej; Venice Turpentine,'^!]; verdigris^,^\. 
 
 SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum. 
 
 SPARAGMA, Laceration. 
 
 SPARAGMOS, Spasm. 
 
 SPARAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 ^VA.'R.KL'lAlSM.jClysteruteri'nus. An in- 
 jection into the vagina. — Ruland ^nd Johnson. 
 
 SPAREDIA. A ligature covered with the 
 white of egg, — Paracelsus. 
 
 SPAR'GANON, Spar'ganum, frorn trnagym, 
 'I swathe, I wrap.' 'Swathing clothes;' a kind 
 of handage,_with which children were formerly 
 surrounded. — Foesius. Also, a fascia. 
 
 SPARGANO'SIS, Spargo'sis, Intumescen'tia 
 lac'tea mamma'rum, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala, 
 from anaQyam, ' I am ready to burst.' Extreme 
 distention of the breasts by milk. Sparganosis 
 also means th^ wrapping of a child in swathing 
 clothes. 
 
 SpAEGAKosis PuEEPEEAEUM, Phlegmatia do- 
 lens. 
 
 SPARGANUM, Sparganon. 
 
 SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus. 
 
 SPARSUS, Sporadic. 
 
 SPAR'TIUM JUN'CEUM, Spanish broom. 
 A small European shrub, cultivated in the gar- 
 dens of the United States, on account of its 
 yellow flowers. The seeds are diuretic and 
 tonie, in small doses ; emetic and cathartic in 
 large. They have been used in dropsy — 10 or 
 15 grains three times a day. 
 
 SpAETIUM Scopa'eium, Cyt'istis scojid'rius. 
 Genista, Broom, Cytiso-genista,i^¥.) Gen^p a 
 balai. Family jXiegnminoa^ . Se^x. Syst.'D'ia.- 
 delphia Decandria. Broom Tops, Spartii Ca- 
 cumina, Scopa'rius, (Ph. U. S.) — have a bitter 
 taste, and are possessed of diuretic properties. 
 They have be^n used in dropsies. Dose, of the 
 powder,3J to gj. All the genista have similar 
 virtues. A decoction of the genista, along with 
 the cauterization of the pustules under the 
 tongue, has been recommended in hydrophobia. 
 
 SPASM, Spasmus, Sparag'm,os, Synol'cS, 
 Spado, from a-num, ' I draw.' The Greeks 
 gave this name to all kinds of convulsions. It 
 is now usually applied to involuntary muscular 
 contractions ; and these, again, have been divided 
 into tonic spasm, Paraton'ia, which consists in 
 permanent rigidity and immobility of the mus- 
 cles that are the seat of it, (see Tetanus) ; and 
 clonic spasm, which consists in alternate con- 
 tractions and relaxations, (see Convulsion.) 
 
 C alien has a class, Spasmi — the neurospaemi 
 of Fuchs. 
 
 Spasm, Clonic, Qonvulsion — s. Cynic, see 
 Canine laugh— s. of the Glottis, Asthma thy- 
 micum — s. of the Larynx, Asthma thymicum 
 — s. with Rigidity," Tetanus. 
 
 SPASMATICD:S,.Spasmotieus. 
 
 SPASMATODES, gpasmoticus. 
 
 SFASME, BE LA GLOTTE ET DU 
 THORAX, Asthma thymicum— i. dela Vessie, 
 Cystospasmus. ' ■ 
 
 SPASMI, see Spasm. 
 
 SPASMODES, Convulsive. 
 
 SPASMODIC, Spasmoticus. 
 
 SPASMOL'OGtY, Spasmolog"ia, from maa- 
 /(os, ' spasm,' and Aoj/o;, ' a treatise.? A treatise 
 on spasms. 
 
 SPASMOLYGMUS, Singultus. 
 
 SPASMOT'ICUS, Spasmat'icus, SpasTnato'- 
 des, SpHs'tieus, Spasmod'ic. Any thing relating 
 to spasm. Also, an antispasmodic. 
 
 Morbi cdnstricto'fii, M. spasmot'ici, &c., are 
 diseases accompanied witl^spasm. 
 
 SPASMUS, Cpnvulsionj Spasm — s. Aurium, 
 Otalgia — s. Caninus, see Canine laugh — s. Clo- 
 nicus. Convulsion — s. Cynicils, see Canine laugh 
 — s. Facialis, Tic^s. Glottidis, Asthma thyrni- 
 cum — s. LingUiS, Glossospasmus— s. Maxillae 
 inferioris, Trismus — s. Muscularis, Cramp — s. 
 Musculorum Faciei, Canine laugh — s. Univer- 
 salis, Synclonus — s. Ventriculi, see Cardialgia 
 — s. Vesicae, Cystospasmus. 
 
 SPAS'NIA, same etymon. (1) A term, used 
 by Mercurialis, to designate the lancinating 
 pain, produced, at times, in the chest by vio- 
 lent fits of coughing. 
 
 SPASTICUS, Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm. 
 
 SPATHA, Hypaleiptron. 
 
 SPATHES'TER,from,r7ioa.,'Idraw.'(?) A 
 surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce 
 over the glans, when too short. — P. Amman. 
 
 SPATHOMELE,'Spatula. ' 
 
 SPATHULA, Scapula, Spatula--s. FcEtida, 
 Iris fcetidissima. 
 
 SPATHYEMA FCETIDA, Dracontium fce- 
 tidum. 
 
 SPATILE, a-'ntTti.ri, 'human excrement.' 
 A liquid fecal evacuation. Excrement. — Hip- 
 pocrates. « 
 
 SPATIUM ORIS, Mouth. 
 
 SPAT'ULA, Spath'ula, diminutive of Spa'- 
 tha, Tira.9ri, ' a broad-sword.' Spathome'le, Spe- 
 cill'um latum,. An instrument, used for spread- 
 ing plasters, stirring ointments, holding down 
 the tongue, &c. Also, the scapula. 
 
 Spatula p,bo OeeJ Glossospatha. 
 . SPEARWORT, Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 SPEAUTER, Zinc. 
 
 SPECIES, Powders, compound — s. Aromati- 
 cae, Pulvis cinnamoini compositus — s. Diacin- 
 namomi, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — s, Dia- 
 cretae, Pulvis cretae compos, — s. DiajalapEe, Pul- 
 vis jalapae compositus — s. Diambrae sine odoratjs, 
 Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — s. Diatragacan- 
 thae frigidae, Pulvis tragacanthoe compositus — », 
 Hierae picrse, Pulvis aloes cum canellS — s. Lae- 
 tificantes Rhazis, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus 
 — 3. e Scordio cum opio, Pulvis cretae composi- 
 tus cum opio — s. e Scordio sine opio, Pulvis 
 crettB compositus. 
 
 SPECIF'IC, Specif'icns, from species, ' a 
 form or fashion,' and fucere, ' to make.' A sub- 
 stance to which is attributed the property of 
 
SPECIFICDM PARACELSI 
 
 787 
 
 SPERMATIC 
 
 removing, directly, one disease rather than any 
 other. Probably no such remedy exists. Mer- 
 cury in syphilis, and sulphur in the itch have 
 been regarded as the strongest examples, 
 
 Specific of Herrenschwand,' A once cele- 
 brated German vermifuge. It is said to have 
 consisted of 10 grains of Gamboge, with 20 of 
 Carhanateof Potassa. It isaffirmed, that mercu- 
 ry and^rsenic have also been found in it. — Paris; 
 
 SPECIFICUM PARACELSI, Potasss sul- 
 phas. 
 
 SPECIL'LUM, MelitStylus, Explorato'rium, 
 from specio, ' I examine,' — Specla'riou, a probe; 
 (F.) Stylet, Spnde. A surgical instrument, 
 employed, for examining wounds, fistulas, and 
 for passing setons, &c. It is usually formed 
 of silver ; and is terminated, at one end, by an 
 oUve-shajied button. The eyed probe has an 
 aperture at the other extremity.' 
 , Spbcilxum, E verriculum, Hypaleiptron, 
 Sound^s. Auricularium, Apyromele — s. Ce- 
 reum, Bougie — s. Excavatum, Sljylus excava- 
 tus — s. Latum, Spatula — s. Minus, Melbtis. 
 
 SPECLARION, Specilluih. < 
 
 SPECTACLES, from spectare, 'to behold;' 
 Conspidl'la, (F.) Besides, Lunettes ordinaires. 
 Conserves. Glasses to assistthe sight; arranged 
 so as to be adapted to both eyes. These glasses 
 are more or less concave or convex, according 
 as the sight is more or less short, (myopic:) or 
 long {presbyopic.') When the glass i& adapted 
 to one eye, it is called an Eyeglass, Consjncil'- 
 lum, Perspicil'lum, Vitrum ocula'rl. 
 
 SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. Atransparent mi- 
 neral, but of what nature is not clear, which 
 was formerly employed in epilepsy. In old 
 times it was used for glass. — Pliny. 
 
 SPECULUM, Gutop'ter, Catop'troit, Diop'- 
 tron. In Latin, ' a mirror ; ' from specio, ' I see.' 
 In sitrgery, it means diffferent instruments for 
 dilating cavities, and facilitating their examina- 
 tion. See Dilator. There are various instru- 
 ments of this kind, — the S. Ani, S. Vagina, 
 (Colpeuryn'ter, Elytreurynter,) S. Matri'cis, 8. 
 Oculi, S. Oris ((F.) Baillon,) S. .Gutturis, S. 
 'Vesicce. 
 
 Spectilum Citeihum, Orpiment — s. Indiciim, 
 Ferri limatura — s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum 
 — s. Oris, Glossocatochus — s. Veneris, Achillea 
 millefolium. 
 
 SPECUS, Vulva— s. Cordis, Ventricle of the 
 Heart — s. Pro medulla spinsili, see Vertebral 
 column — s. Vertebralis, see Vertebral Column. 
 
 SPEDALSKE, see.Rafdzyge. 
 
 SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge. ' 
 
 SPEECH, Voice, articulated. 
 
 SPEECHLESSNESS, Mdtitas. 
 
 SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Filuls aloes et 
 myrrhse. 
 
 SPEEDWELL, iBROGKLIME, Veronica 
 beccabunga — s. Female, Antirhinum elatirie — 
 s. Officinal, Veronica— s. Water, Veronica bec- 
 cabunga. 
 
 SPELTRUM, Zincum. 
 
 SPERAGUS, Asparagus. 
 
 gPERM, from ansum, ' I sow.' Spermat'ic 
 fluid or liquor, Sem'inal fluid. Seed, Semen, S. 
 viri'le seu masculi'nii'nh sQ\xgenit'a'le,Semi'h,'iii'm, 
 Genita'll, Medul'lse, Rytis'ma, Ros, Sanguis, 
 Serum, Humor genita'lis sen semina'lis seu 
 venc'reits, TJri'na genita'lis, Genitu'ra, Sperma, 
 S. viri'le,^ Spermi'um, Tko're, Tho'rus, Lac 
 maris, Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Lagneu'ma, Germen, 
 
 Male's milk, Prop'agatory or genital liquor, 
 Vita'lS virus. Vital or quickening venom. A 
 whitish, viscid fluid, of a peculiar smell, se- 
 creted by the testicles, whence it is carried by 
 the vasa deferentia to the vesiculaa seminales, 
 to be thrown into the vagina, during coition, 
 through the ejaciilatory ducts and the urethra. 
 It is the fecundating fluid, and must come into 
 actual contact with the germ of the female. 
 The Aura sem^'nis, Gonau'ra is incapable of 
 effecting fecundation. The semen, at the time of 
 emissioix, is composed of two different fluids ; the 
 one liquid and transparent, which is considered 
 to be' the becretidn of the prostate, — ^the other, 
 white, and as thick as mucilage ; the product of 
 the testicular secretipn. The sperm contains, 
 according to Vauquelin, 900 parts of water, 50 
 of animal mucilage, 1,0 of soda, and 30 of calca- 
 reous phosphate. The animal matter is pecu- 
 liar, and by some termed spermatin. 
 
 Microscopic observations show that it con- 
 taiiis Spermatozoa, or more properly sperma- 
 tosoids, for their animalcular nature is ques- 
 tionable. By careful examination; other mi- 
 nute, round, granulated bodies may almost al- 
 ways be detected; which are in all cases much 
 Ipss numerous than the spermatozoa. These 
 hoiits a.\e Vae seminal granules . Pure sperm, 
 in its most perfect state, consists principally of 
 seminal animalcules and seminal granules; both 
 of which are enveloped in a small quantity of 
 fluid, liquor sem'inis. 
 
 If has been imagined, but erroneously, that 
 during cpition, there is a secretion of ^male 
 sperm — Semen mulie'brl, Thelyg'onvm. The 
 increased secretion that takes place is chiefly 
 from the glands of Duverney. 
 
 SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mercurii, Hydrargy- 
 rus acetatus. 
 
 Sperma RANA'auM, Sperni'ola seu Sperni'- 
 olum. Seu Sperm'iolaseu Sper^i'olum rana'rum. 
 Frog's sp?iwn. Once used in medicine. 
 
 SPERMACETI, Cetaceura— s. Whale, ses 
 Cetaceum. ' 
 ■ SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea, 
 
 SPERM ATACRASI A,: Spermatorrhoea. 
 
 SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhcea. 
 
 SPERMAT'IC, Spermat'icus, Semina'lis, 
 Sem'inal.- That which relates to the' sperm. 
 A name given to different parts connected with 
 the organs of generation. 
 
 - Spermatic Arteries, A. Spermat'icse, A.prse- 
 paran'tes,(F.)Arth'estesticulaires,A.deVovaire 
 (Ch.) are two in number; — one on each side, 
 — and arise from the sidfes of the aorta, some- 
 times from the renal arteries. They descend, 
 almost vertically, at the sides of the vertebral 
 column, -and are distributed diijerently in the 
 two sexes. In man, the spermatic artery, situ- 
 ate at the side of the vas deferens, issues by the 
 abdominal ring j gives numerous ramifications 
 to the spermatic chord, and divides into two 
 fasciculi of branches, one of which goes to the 
 testicle, — the other 1o the epididymis. In tha 
 female, the spermatic artery, oyarian artery, 
 dips into the pelvis, and passes to the ovarium. 
 Fallopian tube, and round ligament. 
 
 Spermatic Chord, Testicular Chords Fu- 
 nic'ulus Spermaticus, Corpus varico'sum, (F.) 
 Cordon spermatique ou testiculaire. The vas- 
 cular and nervous chord, by which the testicle 
 is suspended. It is composed of the spermatic 
 artery and veins ; of other small vessels ; of 
 
SPERMATIN 
 
 788 
 
 SPHACELUS 
 
 lymphatics ; of nervous filaments from the sper- 
 matic plexus, and from the genito-crural branch 
 of the lumbo-abdominal plexus ; of the vas defe- 
 rens, and, very often, of a -fibro-cellular chord, 
 which unites the peritoneum to the upper part 
 of the tunica vaginalis, and in which encysted 
 hydrocele of the spermatic chord occurs. All 
 these parts are united together by a very lax, 
 cellular tissue, and surrounded by coats, which, 
 reckonirig from without, are ; — 1. The skin and 
 cellular membrane. 2. A fibro-cellular mem- 
 brane, formed by the fa,scia super^cialis. 3. A 
 very thin layer, formed by fibres of the cremas- 
 ter muscle, united archwise before, and oftpn 
 also behind, the chord. 4. The proper sheath 
 of the spermatic vesselSjOr the tubular prolon- 
 gation furnished by the fascia transversalis to 
 the chord, on a level 'with the superior orifice 
 of the inguinal canal. - The spermatic chord is 
 commonly shorter on the right side than on the 
 left I and of a different size in different indivi- 
 duals. It ascends, almost vertically from the 
 superior margin of the testicle as far as the 
 lower orifice of the inguinal canal; passes 
 through this canal and enters the abdomen, 
 crossing" the epigastric artery. Here it forAis 
 an evident elbow, directing its course back- 
 ward. At this part, also, the organs composing, 
 it separate from each other: — the vas deferens 
 descending into the pelvis to pass behind the 
 bladder j — the blood-Vessels and lymphatics as- 
 cending towards the lumbar region, &c. 
 
 Spekmatio Fluid, Sperm — s. Liquor, Sperm. 
 
 Spermatic Passages or Ways, Viao Sperma- 
 tica, are the canals concerned in the excretion 
 of semen. ' ^ 
 
 Spermatic Pcexxises of nerves, Plexus testi- 
 culares, are two in number, and ar^ furnished 
 by the renal plexuses. Their filaments, called 
 Spermatic nerves, follow the arteries of the same 
 name to the testicle in man ; and to the ovary 
 and Fallopian tube in the female,-^ ovarian- 
 nerves. They cannot be traced into the sub- 
 stance of these organs. 
 
 Spermatic Veins are two or three in num- 
 ber, on each side. They accompany the sper- 
 matic , artery, and open :-^those , of the right, 
 into the vena cava inferior ; those of the left, 
 into the corresponding renal vein. These veins 
 form, above the testicle, a kind of venous net- 
 work, called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ; 
 and another plexus before the psoas muscle, 
 called the Corpus pampiniforme. 
 
 SPERMATIN, se? Sperm. 
 
 SPERMATIS'MUS, Emis'sio sem'inis, from 
 rntg/Ji.^, 'sperm.' - The emission of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOCE'LEjHerretffi semina'lis scro- 
 ti, Osckeoce'lS semina'lis, Gonoee'lS,ivom trvt^utt, 
 'sperm/ and ktjmj, 'a tumour.' The ancients 
 gave this name to certain swellings of the tes- 
 ticle which were regarded as produced by an 
 accumulation of sperm in the organ. Also, 
 varicocele. 
 
 SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution. , 
 
 SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG"IA, Cau- 
 1orrhag"ia ejaculato'ria, Hxmatu'ria ejacula- 
 to'ria, H. semina'lis, from o-Trsjua, OTtj^oTot, 
 ' sperm,' kvttk, ' bladder,' and jayij, ' a break- 
 ing forth.' ■ A discharge of blood from the ure- 
 thra, or the act of ejaculation of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATODES, Gonoides. 
 
 SPERMATOGONIA, Spermogon'ia, Sper- 
 
 matopa'ia) Spermatopoe'sis, Spermi'um, from 
 <ra-E5i;ua, ' sperm,'^nd j^evtoo), ' to beget.' The 
 preparation or secretion of sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOID, Gonoides. 
 
 SPERMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution. 
 
 SPERMATOL'OGYi Spermatolog"ia, from 
 (rTEg/ia, ' sperm,' and M!,j/of, 'a discourse.' A 
 treatise on sperm. 
 
 SPERMATOFH'OROUS,S'«?Mira/'eroMs,from 
 iTTrsgfAn,' sperm,' and <?£{(», ' I carry.' Sperm- 
 bearing. The cells or granules in the sperm 
 have been so called. 
 , SPERMATOPCEIA, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia. 
 
 SPERMATOPOBTIC, Spermatupoeus. 
 
 SPEB.MATOF(E'l!B,Speimatopoetic'us,Sper- 
 tftatopoiet'icus, Spermatopoet'ic, Gonep(E'us, Gone- 
 poiet'icus, Gonopoiet'icus, from oji^^fza, ' sperm,' 
 and jroteiv, ' to make.' Food, to which has been 
 attributed the property of augmenting the se- 
 cretion of semen ; and, consequently, of exciting, 
 the venereal act. Very sucpuleiit and very nu- 
 tritious substances have been so' considered. 
 
 SPERMATORRHCE'A^ Spermorrhce'a, Sper- 
 mac7-a''sia, Spermatoze'mza, S-permafacra'sia, 
 Gonacra'siaj-Gonacrati'aj SpermatacratH d, Gor 
 norrhce'avera, (F.) Flux de Sperwe, Pollutions, 
 Pertes seminales ; from o-TtEg^a, ' sperm,' and 
 {ta, ' I flow.' An emission of sperm, without 
 copulation. See Gonorrhoea and Pollution. 
 
 Sp'ermatoerh(ea Atonioa, Gonorrhcea laxo- 
 ruiii. 
 
 SPE-RMATOS'CHESIS, fromirir85^«, 
 ' s^perm,' and a-vi^ic, ' retention.? Retention or 
 suppression of the spermatic secretion. ' 
 
 SPERMATOZEMIA", Spermatorrhcea. 
 
 SPERMATOZO'A, Zoosyer'mata, fronj o-rsg- 
 [jLH., ' sperm,' and ttuov, 'animal.-' Zoos^ermesj 
 Spermatozodires, Sperfnatozo'ids, Ahimal'cula 
 seniina'licC' seu spermat'ica, Verniie'uli spermat'- 
 ici. Spermatic animalcules(?). A"'™^i<="l6s 
 seen in the sperm, and by some supposed to be 
 the formative agents in generation. See Sperm. 
 
 Si' EiJ ilO rOZ04IKES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa. 
 
 SPERMIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPERMIUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia! 
 
 SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation,- Sperma- 
 tismus. 
 
 SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot. 
 
 SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia. ' 
 
 SPERMORRH<EA, Spermatorrhcea. 
 
 SPERNIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
 rum. 
 
 SPHACkLE, Sphacelus — s. de la, Bouche, 
 Cancer aqu'aticus. 
 
 SPHACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot. 
 
 SPHACELISMUS, Sphacelus— s. Cerebri, 
 Phrenitis. 
 
 SPHAC'ELUS, Gangras'na Sphacelus, Spha- 
 eelis'mus, Cold mortification, (F.) Sphacile, 
 Gangfine froide, from c-^mtw, ' I slay.' This 
 word is used, by some, synonymously with gan- 
 grene ; by others, with gangrene when it occu- 
 pies the whole substance of a limb. Commonly, 
 it means the disorganized portion, in cases of 
 mortification, anthraeonecro'sis, which must be 
 thrown off — or is, in other words, totally dead. 
 The foul disorganized portion of an ulcer — 
 called the slough — must be considered a kind 
 of sphacelus. 
 
SPHiERA 
 
 789 
 
 SPHENOPALATINE 
 
 Sfihacelus was formerly used for excessive 
 pain; and for agitation from excessive pain, or 
 violent emotion. 
 
 Sphacelus Ceeealis, Ergotism. 
 
 Si'H^RA, Pila — s. jilarina, Pila marina-^s. 
 Thalassia, Pila marina. 
 
 Sl^HiERANTHUa INDICUS, Adaca, 
 
 SPH^RIDION, Pilula. 
 
 SPH.ER10F, Globule, Pilula. 
 
 SPHiEROCEPHALA ELATIOR,Echinops. 
 
 SPH^ROCOGCUS CRISPUS, Fucus cris- 
 pus. ^ i' 
 
 SPHiERtTL^ SANGUINIS,. Gflobules of 
 the blood. . ' ' 
 
 SPHAGE, Throat. , , 
 
 SPHENDONE, Funda. 
 
 SPHENOID, Spheno'i'des, Spheno'des, Sphe- 
 no^deus, Spheno'ida'lis;, from dt^av, ' a wedge,' 
 and 8i^«f, 'resemblance.' Wedgeshaped. Hence, 
 
 Sphenoid Bome, Sphenoides os, Ou basila'H 
 .seu. Q'tineifosr'7/ie sen cu'neo- compara'twm sen 
 spkenoida'le seu mMltifor'me- seu az'ugos seu 
 papilld'rt seu polymor'phon seu paxiltd'rE seu 
 baxilla're seu alxfor'-mi seu spheco'i'des seu 
 v&spifor'7n,& seu inconjuga'tum^P.ter'ygoid hone. 
 An azygous bone, situate on the median line, 
 and at the base of the cranium. It articulates 
 with all the other bones of tliat, cavity ; sup- 
 ports them, and strengthens 'their union. Its 
 form is singular, and resembles a bat With its 
 wings extended. It has, 1 . An inferior or gut- 
 tural surface, on which is situate' the crista, 
 that joins the vomer; a channel, which concurs 
 in forming the pterygo-palatine foramen ; the 
 pterygoid process ; the pterygoid fossa ; the 
 scaphoid depression ; the Vidiali or pterygoid 
 canal; the foramina — ovale, spinale, &c. S. 
 A superior or cerebral surface, on which are ; — 
 the clinoid processes ; the pituitary fossa ; the 
 foramina (ovale, rotundum, and' spinale;) the 
 Apophysis of Ingrassias or. lesser wing; the 
 foramen opticum, &c. 3. An occipital or pos- 
 terior «wr/"ffice, which is articulated' with the ba- 
 silary process of the occipital bone. 4. An an- 
 terior or orbitar-nasal /surf ace ; having, ante- 
 riorly, a crista to unite with the ethmoid bone ; 
 and, on each side, a round aperture, 'Which leads 
 into two cavities in the su'bstance of tlip bone, 
 separated by a middle septum, and called the 
 sphenoidal sinuses. 5. Two zygofnato-tempo- 
 rol or external sierfaee^, which correspond' to 
 the temporal and zygomatic fosssB. 
 
 Some divide the sphenoid into body or mid- 
 die portion ; and. alee, which are four in number, 
 and are subdivided into great ( Temporal Plates 
 or Wings') and little (^Apophyses of Ingrassias,') 
 The Sphenoid sut^tre surrounds the bone. 
 
 Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the. Sphe- 
 noid spine. 
 
 SPHENOI'DAL, Sphenoida'lis. Th^t which 
 belongs of relates to the sphenoid bone. 
 
 Sphenoida'lia Coe'nda, (F.) Cornets sphe- 
 vo'idaux. Cornets de Bertin; Ossic'uld Berti'ni, 
 Ossa tricmgula'ria, Fyr'amids of Wistar. Two 
 small, thin, and cuwed bones, situate between 
 the sphenoid and. ethmoid, with which they are 
 confounded in the adult. They have the shape 
 of a hollow pyramid, with the base turned back- 
 wards; and are developed by a single point of 
 ossification. They are articulated 'with the 
 sphenoid, ethmoid, palate bone, and vomer. 
 
 Sphenoidai. or Supe-'eiok Oe'bitaey Fis- 
 sure, Fora'men lac"erum supe'rius, (F.) Fente 
 
 sphino\dale, is a large fissure, situate between 
 the great and little ala of the sphenoid. It is 
 seen at the upper and back ^art of the orbit, 
 betVeen which and the cranium it is a means 
 of communication. 
 
 .• Sphenoidal Spine, (F.) ^pine sphinoldale, 
 Spinous Process of the Sphenoid ; — 1 . A pro- 
 jectingcrista at the inferior surface of the sphe- 
 noid-bone, for articula,tion with the 'vomer. 2. 
 Atriangular process, Apophyse sous-temporale, 
 (Ch.) met with near the posterior margin of the 
 same bone, behind the foijamen spinale. At the 
 point of the spinous process, a styloid procesjs 
 is frequently met with. _ . 
 
 SPHENOIPES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid— s. Os, 
 Sphenoid bone. 
 
 SPHE]^OMAX<ILLARY, Spkeno-maxilla'- 
 ris. That which relates to the. sphenoid- and 
 maxillary bones. 
 
 Sphenomaxillakt Fissuke, Inferior or'hi- 
 tar Fissure, (F.) Fente sphina-maxilluire ou or- 
 hitaire inferieure, called, also, Fora'men lad'- 
 erum infe'rius, F.' spheno-Tnuxilla're, is situate 
 at the posterior part of the angle formed by 
 the union of the internal and inferior parietes 
 of the orbit. It is constitutedj above,' by the 
 sphenoid bone; below, by ,the supeirior maxil- 
 lary and palate bon'es; and, before, by the malar 
 bone. It is narrower at the middle than at the 
 extremities, and forms a communication , be- 
 tween the or bitar cavity and the zygomatic fossa. 
 
 Sphenomaxillary Fossa' is a name given by 
 some anatomists, tp a depression at the union of 
 the sphenomaxillary and pterygomaxillary fis- 
 sures. 
 
 SPHENOOR'BITAR. A name iriven, by 
 Beclard to theanterior part of the body of the 
 sphenoid bone, which is developed by. a varia- 
 ble number of points of ossification. 
 
 S PHENOPAIi'ATINE, Sphenopnlati'nus. 
 That which" relates to the sphenoid and palate 
 bones. 
 
 SpHENOPALATi-NB Aeterx, Large lateral na- 
 sal A., is 'the termination of the internal maxil- 
 lary. It enters at the posterior part of the su- 
 perior meatus of the nose, through the spheno- 
 palatine foramen, and spreads its numerous 
 branches on*the pituitary membrane covering 
 the septum, the cornua, and the meatus. 
 
 Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper- 
 ture, formed by the vertical portion of the os' 
 palati and the sphenoid. It establishes a cora- 
 rrrunication between the nasal fossae and the 
 zygomatic fossa. 
 
 Sphenopalatine ■ Ganglion, Ganglion of 
 Meckel, Sphenoidal G. (Ch.) ' A small, ner- 
 vous, cordiform, or triangular ganglion, of va- 
 riable size, situate without the fptameri sphaeno- 
 palafinum, in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It 
 seems suspended by several 'nervous filaments 
 to the trunk of the siiperior 'maxillary nerve, 
 and gives off interiinl or sphenopalatine fila- 
 ments, inferior or palatine fHaments, and a pos- 
 terior filament, which is the 'Vidian or pterygoid 
 nerve, ' 
 
 Sphenopalatine Nerves, Lat'eral nasal 
 Nerves, arise from the ganglion — ^just described 
 — at its inner part, and enter the nasal fossae by 
 the sphenopalatine foramen. They-are 5 of 6 in ' 
 number, and distribute their filaments to the 
 outer and inner parietes of the nasal fo'sss. 
 One of the most remarkable branches is the 
 Naso-palatine. 
 
SPHEN OP AL ATINUS 
 
 790 
 
 SFILSBURY'S DROPS 
 
 SPHENOPAI/ATINUS, Levator palati. . 
 
 SPHENOPARI'ETAL, ^pheno-parieta'lis. 
 That which belongs or relates to the sphenoid 
 and parietal bones. , 
 
 SpHENOPAKifiTAL Stjtuke IS formed by the 
 articulation of the extremity of^the greater ala 
 of the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior 
 angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 SPHENO - PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Cir- 
 cumflexuS — s. Salpingostaphylinus, Circumflex 
 — s. SalpingormMien, Laxator tympani. 
 
 SPHENOSIS, see Wedged. 
 
 SFHENOSTAPHTLINUS, Levator palati. 
 
 SPHENOTEMP'ORAL, SpJeno-t«m;)ara«s.. 
 That which belongs to the sphenoid and tempo- 
 ral bones. 
 
 Sphen»tempob.al Suttjee is _the suture at 
 the articulation of the great ate of the sphenoid 
 bone with the squamous portion of the tempo- 
 ral. B^clard gives the name sphenptemporal 
 to the posterior part of the body of the sphe- 
 noid, which is developed by distinct points of 
 ossification. 
 
 SPHEX, Wasp. 
 
 SPHINCTER, Constric'tor, Miisc'ulus aon- 
 stricto' rius ; from irtityym, 'I constrict.' A 
 name given to several annular muscles, which 
 constrict or close certain natural openings. 
 
 Sphinctek Ani, Annularis Ani. Many ana- 
 tomists have described two sphincter muscliss 
 of the anus : — 1. The iS. 'pxter'nus, Aspidis'cos, 
 S. cuta'ne-iis, Coccygio-ciitayfe-sphincter, OrH- 
 cula'rls Recti, Constric'tor Ani, Coccygio-anal, 
 (Ch.) It is situate around the anus; is ellip- 
 tical froim before to behind; flattened, and 
 pierced at its middle. Its fibres describe con- 
 centric arcs, which are attached, behind, to the 
 extremity of the coccyx, by a denseV cellular 
 substance ; and are confounded, anteriorly, with 
 the bulbo-cavernosi and transversi perinsei mus- 
 cles. This muscle contracts and closes the 
 anus. 9. The inner or internal Sphincter Ani, 
 Sphincter intestina'lis of Winslow, is by, many 
 anatomists considered as the termination of the 
 circular fibres of the rectum. It is annular, 
 and situate around the inferior extremity of the 
 rectum, to the extent of about a finger's breadth. 
 It has the same uses as the other. 
 ■ Sphinctek GuLiE, Constrictores pharyngis 
 
 s. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — s. Intestinalis, 
 
 Sphincter ani internus — s. Labiorum, Orbicu- 
 laris oris^s. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum — 
 s. Palpebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. 
 Pylori, see Pylorus — S. Vaginse, Constrictores 
 cunni— s. Ventriculi, Pylorus. 
 
 Sphincter Vesi'cs, Sphintterofthe bladder. 
 Some anatomi?ts have given this narhe to 
 whitish, elastic, and circular fibres, which sur- 
 round the neck of the bladder, but do not consti- 
 tute a particular muscle. Morgagni has given 
 the name Pse\ido-Sphincter to the anterior 
 fibres of the levator ani, which pass beneath 
 the neck pf the bladder, and, by their contrac- 
 tion, close that opening. 
 
 SPHONGUS, Spongia. 
 
 SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME'TA, from 
 ffoigoyic, 'a seal,',oru?, ' the nail,' ajyos, 'white,' 
 or perhaps os/uqos, 'silver,' and xofitm, 'I 
 adorn.' A charlatan who adorned his fingers 
 to the very nails with rings.— Aristophanes, 
 Hippocrates. 
 
 SPHYGMA, Pulse. 
 
 SPHYG'MICA ARS, Sphygmic art, from 
 Bipv-ffioq, ' the pulse.^ The art of judging by 
 the pulse, in health or disease. 
 
 Sphygmioa Doctrina, Sphygmologia. 
 SPHYGMICUS, Throbbing. . 
 SPHYGMOCEPHALUS, Crotaphe. 
 SPHYGMODES, Throbbing. 
 SPHYGMOLOG"IA, Sphyg'mica Doctn'na, 
 from (Tt^vyuoc, ' the pulse,' &nd Xoyoq, ' a de- 
 scription.' The doctrine of the pulse. 
 SPHYGMOMETER, Pulsilegium. 
 SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse. 
 SPHYGMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium. 
 SPHYRA, Malleolus. 
 SPHYXIS, Pulsation. 
 SFIC, Lavendula. 
 
 SPICAj Fas'cia repens ; the Spica bandage, 
 (F.) Api. A" bandage so calledin consequence 
 of its' somewhat resemljling^a spiie of barley. 
 The turns of. the bandage cross like the letter 
 V; — each leaving a third of the roller unco vered. 
 It is distinguished into ascending and descend- 
 ing. ; It may be applied over various parts of 
 the body, and in a different manner in each) case ; 
 thus, there is the Spica seu Fascia ingnina'Ms, 
 Spica ■ inguina'lis duplex, the . spica for the 
 shoulder, and another for the thuilnb. 
 
 Spica Alpina, Valeriana Celtica-.^s.-Celtica, 
 Valeriana Celtica^-s. Indica, Nardus Indica-^ 
 s. Nardi, Nardus Indica. ' 
 
 SpICEBERRY, Gaultheria, Lauras Benzoin. 
 SPIC^BUSH, Laurus Benzoin. 
 SPICES, FOUR, SeeMyrtus pimenta. 
 SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin. 
 SPICILLUM, Specillum. 
 SPIDER, see Araneie tela. 
 SPIDERWORT, Liliago. 
 SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica. 
 Spige'lia Maeilatv'dioa, Anthel'mia, Spige'- 
 lia Lonic"era, Peren'nial Wormgrass or Indian 
 Pink, Caroli'na Pink, StarblooTn, Worm root, 
 Nat. Order, Gentiaiieae. Class, Pentandria. 
 Order, Monogynia, Indigenous. The root — 
 Spigelia, (Ph. XJ. S.) — is cefebrated as an an- 
 thelmintic, particularly in cases of lumbrici. 
 It is also asserted to have been found service- 
 able in remittent fever. It is a narcotico-acrid. 
 Dose, gr. X to S?ss. 
 
 SPIGNEL, Ifithusa meum. 
 SPIKENARD, Conyza squarrosa,, Nardus 
 Indica— s. America*!, Araliaracemosa — s. Small, 
 Aralia nudicaulis — s. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
 
 SPILAN'THUS ACMEL'LA, Achmella, 
 Acmella, Balm-leaved Spilanfhns. -Family, 
 Corymbiferae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia, Polyga- 
 mia Eequalis. This plant possesses a glutinous, 
 bitter taste, and fragrant smell. The herb and 
 seed are said to be diuretic and emmenagogue. 
 They have been used in dropsies, jaundice, fluor 
 albus, and calculous complaints; given in infu- 
 sion. . 
 
 Spii.ANTHDs, Balm-leaved, Spilanthus ac- 
 mella. 
 
 Spilanth'us Oleea'ceus, Spear-leaved Spi- 
 lanthus, (F.) Cresson de Para. A tincture of 
 the plant has been recommended in toothache. 
 SPILI, see Naevus. 
 SPILOMA, see Nsevus. 
 S PILOSIS, Epichrosis— s. Ephelis, Ephe- 
 lides — s. Poliosis, Poliosis. 
 
 SPILSBURYSANTISGORBU'TIC DROPS. 
 An empirical preparation, formed of kydrarg. 
 oxymur,, rad. gentian., cort. aurant. sice. iS. 
 
SPINA 
 
 791 
 
 SPINDLE TREE 
 
 5ij,nMit'»wM. erud., santal, rubr. uagj, sjiiritus 
 vin-i recti/., agusBj aj. ,^viij, 
 
 SPINA, ' a thorn;' Spine, (F.) J^pint. A pro- 
 cess on the surface of a bone, which has been 
 compared, to the spines or thorns on certain 
 vegetables. The chief processes of this name, 
 are : — the nasal spine, the spine of the scapula, 
 the spine of the ischium, the four iliac spines, 
 the palatine spine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, 
 &c. The spine of the hash ia the collection of 
 rertebra constituting Vasi.pertehral column. 
 
 Spina, Penis — s. Afcida, Oxycantha Galeni — 
 I. jEgyptiaca, see Acaciae gummi — s. Alba, Car- 
 duus marianus, Mespilus oxycantha-^s. Bifida, 
 Hydrorachis — s. Cervina, Rhiammjsr— s. Dorsi, 
 Vertebral column, see Nasus — s. Dorsi intror- 
 Bum Flexa, L(irdosis — s. Ferrea, Pin — s. Hel- 
 ■montii, Mgudlion — s. Hirci, Astragalus verus 
 — g. Inrectoria, Rhamnus — s. Nodosa, Rachitis. 
 Spina Vehto'sa, Spince ventos'itas, Tere'do, 
 Fufigus Artic'uli, Ostarthroc'-acS, Tumor fun- 
 go^sus artic'uli, lju'pi.a junctu'rte, Hyperspon'- 
 gia. Flatus s'pinm, Arthroc'ace,PeBddrthroc'ace, 
 White Swelling (of some,) Sidera'tio Ossis, 
 Cancer Ossis, Gangr(B'nii Ossis, Exosto'sis. 
 A term of no definite meaning, as is obvious 
 from these Various vp^ords having been considered 
 its synonymes. By some, it is defined to be — 
 a disease of the osseous system, in which the 
 texture of the bone dilates, seeming to be dis- 
 tended with air, and constituting a variety of 
 osteo-sarcotpa. By others, it is considered to 
 be a tumour arising from an internal caries of 
 a bone; occurring inost frequently in the carpus 
 or tarsus. The term itself is a translation from 
 the Arabic of Rhazes. See, also, Hydrarthrus 
 and MoUities ossium. 
 
 Spina Veetebkalis, Vertebral Column. 
 SPINACH, S'pinacia. 
 SPINACHIA, Sjiinacia. 
 SPINA'CIA, Spina'chia, Spina'cia. olera'cea, 
 Spin'age, Spinach, (F.) Itpinard.' Family, 
 Atripliceae. Sex. Syst. Dicecia Pentandria. A 
 plant which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic 
 powers. The leaves boiled, with the addition 
 of oil, form a good emollient cataplasm. It has 
 been used in phthisical complaints ; but its me- 
 dicinal properties, if it have any, are not now 
 ■regarded. 
 
 Spinacia Oleracea, Spinacia. 
 SPINjE, Spinous Processes — s. Ventositas, 
 Spina ventosa. ^ , 
 
 SPINAGE, Spinacia. , 
 
 SPINAL, Spina'lis, Spino'sus, Spina'tus, 
 (F.) Hpiniere, from spina', ' the spine.' That 
 which relates to the vertebral, column. 
 
 Spinal Arteeies are two in number, *iz: 
 1 . The posterior spiral, Arthre mediane poste- 
 rieure du Rachis, (Ch.) It arises from the ver- 
 tebral, near the corpora pyramidalia, and de- 
 scends on the posterior surface of the spinal 
 marrow, distributing its ramifications to it. 2.: 
 The anterior spinal artery, A, m.ediane ante- 
 rieure, (Ch.,) is larger than the last, and arises, 
 also, from the vertebral. It descends, in a ser- 
 pentine manner, upon the anterior surface of 
 ihe marrow; furnishes ramusculi to it, and 
 unites with that of the opposite side, opposite 
 the foramen magnum occipitis. A very tortu- 
 ous branch arises from this union, which de- 
 scends as far as the inferior extremity of the 
 marrow, to which it sends numerous divisions. 
 The term Spinal Arteries or Rachidian Ar- 
 
 teries is also given, in the abstract, to all the 
 arteries of the spinal marrow and vertebral 
 candl. The same may be said of the veins and 
 nerves. 
 
 Spinal Coed, Medulla spinalis. 
 Spinal FbEAM'iwA, (F.) Trous rachidiens, ' 
 in the abstract, are the foramina formed by 
 every two contiguous vertebrae, through which 
 the spinal nerves issu^. See Vertebral. The 
 term Fora'men Spina'le is especially applied, 
 however, to a small foramen, in front of the 
 spinous process of the sphenoid bone, through 
 which the middle artery of the dura mater en- 
 ters the cranium. It is, likewise, called Fora- 
 men spheno-spiiio'sttTn^ (F.) Trou Spheno-epi- ■ 
 neux ou petit rond, Trou epineux. 
 
 Spinal Ireita'tioh, Rhachialgi'tis, Rhachi- 
 al'gia, Neural'gia spina'lis, Notal'gia. A 
 modern pathological view, which refers most 
 nervous diseases to irritation of the spinal cord. 
 This irritation is prfesumed to be indicated by 
 tenderness on pressure over the spinous process 
 of pne or more vertebras, or over the nerves 
 proceeding from the cord and distributed to the 
 parts at the sides of the spine. Such tender- 
 ness, however, by no means indicates the patho- 
 logical condition in question, as .it is often met 
 with in those enjoying perfect health. The 
 treatment advised is cupping and counter-irri- 
 tation on each side of the spine, which may be 
 beneficial in such diseases, no matter what part 
 of the frame may be in a morbid state, by ex- 
 citing a new and revellent impression on a very 
 sensible portion of the cutaneous surface. 
 
 Spinal Nerve, Accessory of the Par vagutn 
 or ^th pair. Accessory nerve of Willis, Spinal 
 Accessory-, Spino-cranio-traprzien, Superior 
 res'piratory iV., Eleventh pair of encephalic 
 nerves, Trachelo-dorsal , (Ch.) arises from the 
 medulla spinalis, within the vertebral canal, 
 Jjetween the anterior and posterior roots of the 
 cervical nerves at a greater or less distance from 
 the cranium. The roots unite to form the 
 nerve, which ascends into the cranium through 
 the foramen magnum of the, occipital bone, and 
 issues by the foramen lacerum posterius, cross- 
 ing the sterno-cleido-mastoideus, to which it 
 gives filaments, and losing itself entirely on the 
 trapezius muscle. 
 
 Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves^s. Pro- 
 longation, Medulla spinalis. 
 
 SPINALES COLLI MINORES, Interspi- 
 nales colli — s. et Transyersales Inmborum, 
 Transversalis dorsi. 
 
 SHNALIS CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli 
 — s. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
 
 Spinalis Dorsi, Grand epineux du dos. Spi- 
 nalis Dorsi major. Winslow calls thus some 
 fleshy fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral 
 surfaces of the spinous processes ; from the third 
 dorsal vertebra to the first or second lumbar ; 
 and which forrn part of the transverso-spinalis 
 of most authbrs. The sEime anatomist Calls — 
 Spina'lis Dorsi minor, Petit epineux du dos — 
 some small, fleshy fibres, situate on each side 
 of the interspinal ligament. They 'are short, 
 flat, and pass from one spinous process to the 
 other. Like the preceding, they form part of 
 the transverso-spinalis. All these fleshy fas- 
 ciculi strengthen the vertebral column. 
 SPINATI, Interspinales colli. 
 SPINATUS, Spinal. 
 SPINDLE TREE, Euonymug Americanus. 
 
SPINE 
 
 792 
 
 SPIRIT 
 
 SPINE, Vertebral column — s. Curvature of 
 the, Gibbositas. 
 
 SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPIT ALIS, Rectus ca- 
 pitis posticus major — s. Axo'ido-tracheli-atioi- 
 dien, Obliquus inferior capitis. 
 SPINITIS, Myelitis. 
 SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis. 
 SPINOLA, see Hydrorachis. 
 SPINOSUS, Spinal. 
 
 SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) ifineux. Haying 
 the sha,pe of a spine or thorn. 
 
 Spinous Pe.oo"esses or Apoph'yses of the 
 Ver'tebrce, Acan'tha, Spina, Cynol'ophoi, (F.) 
 Apophyses e^iraezijej, are situate at the posterior 
 part of each Vertebra, and afford attachment to 
 the muscles, whose office it is to extend the 
 spine. See Vertebra. 
 
 SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiracules, from spin, 
 ' 1 breathe.' Respiratory pores lof the skin. 
 SPIR^ CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral. 
 ^PIR^'A FILIPEN'DULA, Filipindula, 
 Saxifragd^rubra, Dropwort, (F.) Filipendale. 
 Family, Rosacea;. "Sex, Sya.t. Icosandria Pen- 
 tagynia. The root of thip .plant is said, to 
 possess astringent and lithontriptic virtues. 
 
 Spirze'a Tomento'sa, Hardhack, Red mea- 
 dow-sweet. Steeple busk. Rosy bush, White-leaf. 
 This indigenous species, which is abundant in 
 the northeij-n states of the Union, is tonic and 
 astringent ; and is usually administered either 
 in the form of extract or of decoction, {Spircece- 
 §ss; agues Oj.) 
 
 Spie^e'a Teifoliata, Gillenia trifoliata. 
 SpiKiEA Ulma'eia, Ulmaria, Regi'na Prati, 
 Barba capr^s. Meadow Sweet, Queen of the Mea- 
 dows, Bar'bula caprina, (F.) Tllmaire, Reine 
 des Prls. The leaves have been recommended 
 as mild astringents ; — the flowers as antispas- 
 modics and diaphoretics. 
 
 SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see PulMo. 
 SPIRAMENTUM ANlMiE, Pulmo. 
 SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachry- 
 mal puncta — s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo. 
 SPIRATIO, Respiration. 
 SPIRIT, Spir'itus;fvom,spirdf,e,' to exhale;' 
 (F.) Esprit. A name giveil to every liquid 
 product of distillation. Spirits were formerly 
 distinguished into — inflami/mable, acid, and alka- 
 line; and consequently a number. of substances 
 were crowded together, which often resembled 
 each other in no other property than in being 
 volatile. The term is now confined to alco- 
 holic liquors, of which the foUgwing are the 
 chief. . 
 
 Arraci. Distilled" from coarse palm sugar, 
 named jaggery, fermented with the,bark of the 
 Mimosa leucophlea; also from rice and the fer- 
 mented juice of the Palm; made in India. Its 
 varieties are : — 
 
 1. MaKwah Arraclc. Made in India from the 
 flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea. 
 
 2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Phi- 
 lippine Islands. 
 
 Araka. DisfiUefd, by the Tartars, from kou- 
 rais, fermented mare's milk. _ 
 
 Ara/d. Distilled from datesjbythe Egyp- 
 tians. 
 
 Arilca.' A variety of koumis, distilled from 
 fermented mares' milk, in Tarlary and Ice- 
 land. 
 
 Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, 
 persimmon apple, mulberries, and sometimes 
 
 other fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South 
 America, wherever wine is made. The best 
 brandy is that of Cognac; the next, that of Bor- 
 deaux and Rochelle. The varieties are — 
 
 1. Aguardiente, (S.) In Peru, the common 
 brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardi- 
 ente de Fisco, so called, because shipped at the 
 port of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and 
 of excellent flavour is made from Muscatel 
 grapes, and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It 
 is sometimes seen in the United States. 
 
 2. Lau. Made from rice, in Siam. 
 
 3. Rdiia. Made in Dalmatia from the husks 
 pf grapes mixed with aromaties. 
 
 4. Rpssolio. Made at Dantzic, from a com- 
 pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants. 
 
 5. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the 
 husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye. 
 
 6. SeMs-kayavodka. Made from fhe leeS of 
 wine and fruit at Scio. 
 
 Geneva Hollands, {genievre, French for juni- 
 per.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, 
 -rectified on juniper berries, in Holland. Its 
 variety is — 
 
 Gin. Made in England; from malted barley, 
 rye, potatoes; rectified with turpeptine. 
 
 Goldwasser. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat, 
 barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinna- 
 mon, and other spices. , 
 
 Kirschwasser, Distilled from the Malacheb 
 cherry, in Switzerland. 
 
 Maraschino. Distilled from the Macarska 
 cherry, at Zari, the capital of Dalmatia. 
 
 Rum, (supposed to be derived from the ter- 
 minal syllable of the word saccharum: but the 
 native Americans called this liquor Rum.) Dis- 
 tilled, in the West Indies and South America, 
 from cane-sugar and molasses, and in North 
 America from maple sugar. Its variety is — 
 . Slatkaia trava. Made at Kamtschatka, from 
 a sweet grass. 
 
 Show-choo. Distilled, in China, from the 
 lees of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice. 
 
 Whisky, (siipposed to be derived from usque, 
 the first two syllables of usguebagh, the original 
 name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and 
 Ireland, from malted and ra;w barley, rye; pats, 
 and potatoes : and in the south of France, from 
 sloes. In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, ot 
 madness pf the head. The best Scotch whisky 
 is hrlenlivet, the best Irish, Ennishowen. 
 
 T-wer-a. Distilled,, in the Sandwich Islands 
 from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded, 
 and fermented. 
 
 To these may be added an intoxicating liquor 
 made by the Affghanistans, from ewes' milk; 
 and that made at Kamtschatka, from a species 
 of mushroom, named muchumer. 
 
 Spirit of Aniseed, Spiritus aijisi — s. Bath- 
 ing, Freeman's, see Linimentum saponis com- 
 pos. — s. Bathing, Jackson's,, see Linimentum 
 sapohis compos. — s. Bezoardic of Bussius, see 
 Bussii spiritus Bezoarticus — s. Bone, Liquor 
 volatilis cornu cervi — s. of Burrhus, Burrhi 
 spiritus matricalis — s. of Carraway, Spiritus 
 carui — s. of Ether, aromatic, Spiritus ajtheris 
 aromaticus — s.. Fuming, of Eeguin, Ammonias 
 sulphuretum — s. Fuming, of .Boyle, Ammonise 
 sulphuretum — s. of Hartshorn, Liquor cornu 
 cervi — s. of Horseradish, compound, Spiritus 
 armoraciae compositus — s. of Lavender, Spiritus 
 lavandulse — s. of Lavender, compound, Spiritus 
 lavandulse compositus — s. of Mindererus, Li- 
 
SPIRITS, ANIMAL 
 
 793 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 quor ammonije acetatis — s. of Nitre, sweet, Spi- 
 litijs githeris nitrici — s. of Nitric ether, Spiritus 
 ffitheris nitrici — s. of Pennyroyal, Spiritus pu- 
 legii — s. of Peppermint, Spiritus menthse pipe- 
 ritse — s. Proof, Spiritus tenuior — s. of Salt, Mu- 
 riaticum acid^m — s. of Scurvygrass, golden, 
 see Spiritus armoracisB compositus — s. of Spear- 
 mint, Spiritus menthae viridis — s. of Sulphuric 
 ethers Spiritus aetheris salphurici — s. of Sulphu- 
 ric ether, compound, Spiritus setheris sulphuric! 
 compositus — s. of Turpentine, Oleuni terebin- 
 thinae rectificatum — s. Verdigris, Aceticum aci- 
 dum — s. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — s. of Wine 
 and camphor, Spiritus camphoriE. 
 
 SPIRITS, ANIMAL,. Nervous fluid. 
 
 SPIRITUS, Breath, Life, Respiration, Spirit 
 — s. jEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus aetheris nitrici 
 — s. .^thereus vitriolicus, ' Spiritus astheris 
 sulphurici. 
 
 Spiritus, jE'theris Aromat'iods, Mther 
 Sidphu'ric2ts cum alcoho'lt aromat'icus , EHx'ir 
 vitrio'li dulce. Sweat EHx'ir of Vit'Hol^Viga'ni' s 
 Elixir of Vitriol, Aromat'ic Spirit of Ether. 
 {Cinnam.cori, contus. ^iij.cfzrfl^awz. sem. contus. 
 J5iss. piperis lo?igi fruct. cont., zingi.b. rod. con- 
 cis,, sing. 5j' spiritus eetkeris sulphuric. Oj. 
 Macerate, for 14 days, in a stopped glass vessel 
 and strain. Pk.L.)^ It is used as a stimulant 
 in nervous affections. Dose, f. .2;ss to f. ^j^ 
 
 Spiritus .^theris Nit'rici, Sp. JEtheris ni- 
 tro'si^ Sp. nitri dulcis, Sp. JEthe'reus nitro'sus, 
 Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drops. JBther ni- 
 tricus aleoolisa'ti/,s, Spirit of j^itrir. Ether. 
 {Nitfaie of Potassa, in coarse powder, ttij, 
 Sulphuric add, Ibiss; Alcohol, Oixss;, Diluted 
 Alcohol, Oy, Carbonate of Potassa, ,^j. INJix 
 the nitrate of potassa and the alcohol in a large 
 glass retort, and having gradually poured in the 
 acid, digest with a gentle heat for two hours; 
 then raise the heat, and di«til a gallon. To the 
 distilled liquor add the diluted alcohol and 
 carbonate of potassa, and again distil a gallon. 
 — Ph. U. S.) It is refrigerant, diuretic, anti- 
 spasmodic,- and diaphoretic. Dose, gtt. xxv. 
 tof.3J. 
 
 Spiritus ^theris Sulphu'rici, JEther Sul- 
 phuricus cum Alcoho'le, Liquor JEthe'reus ShI~ 
 phuriciis, SpiritnsVitriolididcis, Spiritus JEthe- 
 ris vitriolici. Liquor Sulphur ic?is alcooiisa'tus. 
 Spirit of Sulphuric Ether, (^ther. sulphuric. 
 Oss; sp. rec. Oj. Mix. Ph. L.) Stiinulant, 
 diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, 
 {. 3SS to f. giij. 
 
 Spiritus jEtheris Sulphurici Compos'itus, 
 Sp.a^heris vitriol' ici eompositi/.s, Liqnor artod'y- 
 nns Hoffmanni, Compound Spirit of Sulphuric 
 Ether, Hoffmann^s Anodyne Liquor. (^JEther 
 Siilphti'ia. Oss f Alcohol. Oj; Ol.JSther.t. giij. 
 Ph. U. S. Ph. L.) Mix. A stimulant and 
 antispasmodic. 
 
 Spiritus ^Etheris Vitriolici Compositus, 
 Spiritufe astheris sulphuric, comp. 
 
 Spiritus Ammo'ni^e, Al haJ.i atrfmoni'acum 
 spirttuo'sum, Al'cohol. ammonia- tum, Sp. salts 
 ammoni'aci, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta, Jjiquor 
 ammo'uii viuo'sus, L. ammonia spirituo'sus, 
 Lixiv'ium amTnoniacaUB vino'snm, Spiritus 
 salis ammoni'aci vino' sus seu duleis sen dulci- 
 fica'tus, Sohc'tio subcarhona'tis ammoni'aci 
 spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit d'aminoniaque. {Am- 
 man, muriat. in pulv. subtilissim., calcis, aa 
 Bij; alcohol, f. Jxx; aqwm, ^ix. The water is 
 employed to slake the lime; the muriate of am- 
 51 
 
 monia is then well mixed with it, and by means 
 of heat, the ammonia is made to pass into the 
 distilled water cohtained in a quart bottle. 
 Ph.U. S.) Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, 
 f. .i^sstof.sj. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia; Xromi^i'icvs, Alcohol am- 
 Tmnia'tum aromaticum, Aromatic ammtonia'ted 
 Alcohol, Saivolat'ile Drops, Spiritus salis vo- 
 lat'ilis oleo'sus, Sp. volatilis aromaticus, Sal 
 volatile oleosum Sylvii^ Sp. a/mmonia compos'- 
 itus, Tinctu'ra aromatica am.moniata, Liquor 
 oleo'sus Sylvii, JUixiv'inm ammoniacci^^ aroma- 
 ticum. (Ammon, muriat. §v; Potass, carb. 
 ^mi], cinnam. coat., earyophyU. cont. aS^^ij; 
 ■JAmon. co'rt. .^iv; alcohol, aquce aa, Ov. M. 
 Distil Ovijss. Stimulant. Dose, f. ,^ss tof. gj. 
 Spiritus AinMoisia; Cobipos^tus, Spiritus aro- 
 maticus. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonia Fce'tidus, Sp..volat'ilis 
 fwtidus. Fit Drops, Al'cohol arrrnionia'titrnf ceti- 
 dum, Tinctu'ra asaftztidce aTnmoniata, Fetid Spi- 
 rit of Am^monia. {Sp.am/monix Oij, asafcetidct 
 gij. Macerate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss. 
 Ph. L.) ' Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, 
 f. ^l^ss to f. 3J. 
 
 Spiritus Ammonias Suocina'tus, Succina'ted 
 SpiHt of Armnonia, Common Eau de Luce, Am- 
 moni'a^um succina'ticm., Arqua Lu'cias, Liquor ex 
 Am/monia et Oleo Suc'cini, Jjiquor ex'citans, 
 Spiritus AmmonisE cum Suc'cino, Sp. Salis Am- 
 moni'aci lactes'cens seu lacteics. {Mdstich, 
 5iij, sp.rect. [.^ix,ol.lava7id.g^^. xiv, succin. 
 ol. g'l' iv, liq. ammqn. f. gx. Macerate the 
 mastich in the alcohol, and ^pour off the clear 
 tincture: add the rest and shake. Ph. L.) 
 Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose^ g"- J^ to f. 
 gss, or f. gj. ■ ^ 
 
 Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid. 
 Spiritus Ani'si, Spirit^ts Anisi covipos'itus^ 
 Aqua anisi for'tis. Aqua Sem'inum. Anisi com- 
 posita, Spirit of An'iseed, (F.) Esprit d'anis. 
 {Anisi sem. cont. Ibss, spirit tenuior. cong., 
 aquse quod satis sit ad prohibendum empyreu- 
 ma. Ph. L.) Carminative. Dose, f. Sfss tof. 
 ,^ss. In the compound spirit, angelica is usually 
 an ingredient. , 
 
 SpXritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini. 
 Spiritus ATiMORA'ciiE Compositus, Sp. 
 Eaph'ani composittts, Aqua Raphani composita, 
 CoTupound Spirit of Horseradish, (F.) Esprit 
 de raifort compose. {Armorac. rod. recent, 
 cpncis., aurant. rort. exsicc, sing, ibj, myrist. 
 nuc'. contus. ,^ss, spirit, ten cong. aquce q. 
 s. ad prohibendum empyreiima. Ph. L.) Stimu- 
 lant and antiscorbutic. (?) Dose, f. gj, to f. 
 _^iv. 
 
 The Golden Spirit of Scurvy grass — an em- 
 pirical preparation — is formed by adding gam- 
 boge ,^viij, to one gallon of the sp. armoraciee 
 compofiiti' s. 
 
 Greeneugh's Tincture for the teeth, is formed 
 oi amygd. amar. §ij, lig. Bresil., cassitE bacc, 
 aa ,^iv, irid. Florent. gij, coccine.ll., sal. aceto- 
 sella, alum. uSl ^jy sp. vin. reet. Oij, sp. armo- 
 raciee comp. f. §ss.' 
 
 Spiritus Beguinis, AmriionisB sulphuretum. 
 Spiritus Camph'or^, Sp. camphora'tus, Sp. 
 vino'sus camiphoratus, Tinctu'ra Camphorce, 
 Spirit of Wine and Cam,phor, Spirit of Cam- 
 phor, (F.) Esprit de Camphre, Alcool canvph:ri, 
 Eau de Vie camphre. {CoMtphor. 'i^w, alcohol. 
 Oij. Dissolve.) Stimulant, anodyne and dis- 
 cutient. Used only externally. 
 
SPIRITUS 
 
 794 
 
 SPIRITUS 
 
 .Spieitcs Car'ui,,S;p. Cari Carui, Spirit of 
 Car'raway, Aqua SerriJinum Carui fords, A. 
 Sem'inum Carui^ Strong Carui Waters, (!F.) 
 Esprit de Carvi. {Oarui sem. cont. Ibiss, sp. 
 tenuior. cong. j, aquse q. s. Distil a gallon. 
 Ph. L.^ Carminative. Dose, f. ,^j to f. \^ss. 
 , Spieitds Cinnamo'mi, Sp. Lauri Cinnamo- 
 mi. Spirit of Cin'namon, Aqua Cinnamomi 
 fortis. Aqua Cinnam. spirit'uo'sa. Strong Cin- 
 namon Water, (F .} Espritdi'Cannelle. (Cori. 
 cinnam. Qv, Sp. rect. Oivss.) Stimulant and 
 carminative. Dose, f. gj to f. gss. 
 
 Spieitus Col'chIci Ammonia'tus, Ammonia- 
 ted Spirit of Colchicwm. {Sem. colchic. cont. 
 ^ij, ^.' amm^)n.dromat. Oj. Ph. L.) Narco- 
 tic, cathartic, and diuretic. Used in gout, rheu- 
 matism, and dropsy. Dose, from git. xxx to f. 
 
 3J- 
 
 Spieitus Coenu Ceevi, Liqilor C. C. — s. 
 Fumans Beguini, Ammoniae sulphuretum — s. 
 Genitalis, Aura seminis. 
 
 Spieitus Junip'eei Compos'iths, Compound 
 Spirit of Juniper, Aqua Junip'eri composiia, 
 (F .) Espritde genie-vre contpose. (Bacc.junip. 
 cent. Ibj, sem. carui cont., fcenicul. sem, cent., 
 w. §iss, sp. ten. cong. j, aq. Oij. Distil a gal- 
 lon. Fh. L.) Stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 
 f. ,^j to f. §ss, 
 
 Spieitus Lauei Cinnamomi, Spiritus cinna- 
 momi. 
 
 Spieitus Lavan'oulje, Sp. Lavanditlse spi- 
 ers, Spirit df Lav'ender, Sp. Lavand. simpl.. 
 Lavender Water, (P.) Esprit de Lavctnde.\ 
 (Lavand. fior. recent. Ibij, sp. rectif. cong., 
 aqucB Oij. . Distil a gallon.) Usually made by 
 adding the oil to rectified spirit. Used as a 
 perfume chiefly. 
 
 Spieitus Lavanduls; Compos'itus, Tinctu'ra 
 Lavandulae coTnposita, Red Hartshor7i, Laven- 
 der drops. Corn-pound Spirit of Lavender, (.F.) 
 Esprit de Lavande compose. (Sp. Lava?id. 
 Oiij, 5^. rosmarin. Oj, cinnaTn. cort.^ contus. 
 5J, myristic. mtcleor. cont. ^ss*, caryophyll. 
 cont. '7^\\, pterocarpi ligni cone. ^iij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, and filter through paper. Stimu- 
 lant. Dose, gtt. xl to f. ,^ij. 
 
 Spieitus Lethalis, Carbonic acid — s. Lum- 
 bricorum, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. 
 
 Spieitus JVl^NTH* P1peei't«, Spirit of Pep- 
 permint, Aqua Mentha piperit'idis spiriMto'sa, 
 Sp. Menthse pip&rit'idis, (F.) E^P^'^^ d^ Menthe 
 poivree. (Olei merith. pip. 9vjss, sp. rectif. 
 Oivss, aquse., q. s. distil a gallon. Ph. L.) 
 Carminative an4 stimulant. Dose, f. gss to f. 
 
 Spieitus Menthjs Sativ^;, Spiritus menthae 
 viridis. 
 
 Spieitus Menthae Vie'idis, Spearmint, Spi- 
 ritus menthcE sativce. Aqua M^enthce vulga'ris 
 spiiituo'sa, (F.) Esprit de Menthe verte. (Olei 
 Menth. virid. Qviss, sp. rectif. Oivss, aq. q. o. 
 Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Like the last in pro- 
 perties and dose. 
 
 Spiritus MiLi,EPEDAEUM,Liquor cornu cervi. 
 
 Spieitus Mteis'tic;e, Spintns Myristiccc 
 Moscha'tse, Sp. Nucis Moschatcs, Aqxia Nucis 
 Moschatse,. Nutmeg Water, Aqua Nephrit'ica, 
 (F.) Esprit de Muscade. (Myrist. nucl. cont. 
 _^ij, spirit, temdor. cong. j, aqv^ Oj. Distil a 
 gallon. Cordial and carminative. Dose, f. 3j 
 to f. 3iv. 
 
 Spieitus Myeti Pimento, Spiritus pimentas 
 — s. Nitri acidus. Nitric acid — s. Nitri dulcis, 
 
 Spiritus astheris nitrici — S. Nitri duplex, Nitric 
 acid-^s. Nitri fumans. Nitric acid — s. Nitri 
 Glauberi, Nitric acid— s. Nitri simplex, see Ni- 
 tric acid — s- Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid — s. 
 Nucis moschatBB, Spiritus myristicae — s. Oph- 
 thalmicus Mindereri, Liquor ammoniae acetatis. 
 Spieitus PiMEN'T^EpSp. Myrti Pimenta, Spi- 
 ritus Pimento, Spirit of Pimento, Aqua MiraV- 
 ilis. (Piment. baccar. cont. ^ij,- sp. tenuior. 
 cong., aqua. Oj. Distil a gallon. Cordial and 
 carminative. Dose, f. ,^, to f. giv.) 
 
 Spieitus Pule'SIi, Spirit of Pennyroyal, 
 Aqua P-ulegU spiritiio' sa. Spirituous .Penny- 
 royal ■ Water, (F . ) Esprit de Pouliot. ( Olei pu- 
 legii 9 vij, sp. rect. Oivss, aqua, q. s. Distil a 
 gallon. Ph. L.) Same as spirit of spearmint in 
 properties and dose. 
 
 Spieitus ReOtifioa'tus, S^.Fireirecti/JcflfMj, 
 CKnostag'm^a, (Enela'uvi, Pyras'nus, Sp. Vino'- 
 sus rectifieatus, Al'cohol, A . Vini, Spirit ofWi?ie, 
 (F.) Esprit de Vin rectifie. Rectified spirit is 
 much used in Pharmacy to d^sso^ve resinous and 
 other substances. It is seldom exhibited in- 
 ternally; although it exists in the diluted state 
 inall vinous and spirituous liquors. Externally, 
 it is employed as a discutient.-^S. g., accord- 
 ing to the London PharmacopiEia,. 0.H38;, ac- 
 cording to that of Dublin, 0.840 ; of Edinburgh 
 and United States, 0.835, (see Alcohol,) and of 
 Paris, 0.819 to 0.827. 
 
 ■Spieitus Rectoe, Aroma — s. Raphani com- 
 positus, Spiritus armoracijE compositus. 
 . Spieitus Rosmaei'ni, Sp. Korismarini ojjiei- 
 \ na/lis. Spirit of Eosemary, Spiritus Anthos, 
 Hungary Water, (F.) Esprit de Romariji. , (01. 
 rosmdrini gij, sp. rect. cong. j, aqux Oj. Dis- 
 til a gallon.) Stimulant. iDose, f. 5j, to f. giv. 
 Spieitus Salis Acidus seu Fumans, Muria- 
 ticum acidum — s. Salis ammoniaci, Spiritus 
 ammonias'— s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus. Liquor 
 ammonias — s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu 
 lacteus, Spiritus ammoniae succinatus — s. Salis 
 ammoniaci sulphuratus, Ammoniae- sulphure- 
 tum — s. Salis Glauberi, iVTuriaticum acidum — 
 s. Salis marini coagulatus, Potassa? murias— s. 
 Salis marini,Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis vola- 
 tilis oleosus, Spiritus ammonia . aromaticus — 
 s. Sulphurico-asthereus camphoratus, Tinctura 
 aetherea cornposita — s. Sulphurico-Eethereus 
 martialis, Tinctura' seu Alcohol sulphurico- 
 aetherens ferri — s. Sulphuris,'Sulphurous acid — 
 s. Sulphuris per campanam. Sulphurous acid — 
 s. Sulphuris volatilis, Ammoniae sulphuretum 
 — s. Sulphurosus volatilis. Sulphurous acid. 
 
 Spieitus Tenu'ioe,,<4/coAo^ dilu'tum, Spiritus 
 vino'sus temt'ior, Proof Spirit, (F.) Esprit de 
 vin delaye. Generally made for pharmaceuti- 
 cal purposes, by mixing equal parts of rectified 
 spirit and water. S. g. Lond. 0.920; Edinb. 
 and United States, 0.935. It is employed in 
 the same cases as those in which the alcohol is 
 used : — chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable mat- 
 ters, in the form of tinctures. 
 
 Spieitus Veneeis, Aeeticum acidum — s.Vini 
 rectifieatus, Spiritus rectifieatus — s. Vinosus 
 camphoratus, Spiritus camphorae — s. Vinosua 
 tenuior, Spiritus tenuior — s. Vitalis, Nervous 
 fluid — s. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid — s. Vitrioli 
 acidus Vogleri, Sulphuricum acidum dilutum 
 — s. Vitrioli coagulatus Mynsichti, Potassae sul- 
 phas — s, Vitrioli dulcis, Spiritus aetheris sul- 
 phurici — s. Vitrioli phlogisticatus, Sulphurous 
 acid — s.Volatilis aromaticus, Spiritus ammoniae 
 
SPIROID CANAL 
 
 aromaticus — s. Volatilis foetidus, Spiritus am- 
 monise foetidus. 
 
 SPIROID CANAL, Aquceductus Eallopii. 
 
 SPIROM'ETfiR; badly compounded from 
 spir.o, ' I breathe,' and fteTQot, ' a measure :' — 
 properly . Afiapnom'eter, Pneusom'eter. ■ Any 
 instrumgnt for rrteasuring the quantity of air 
 given out in respiration. 
 
 SPIROPTERA HOMINIS, see Worms. 
 
 SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia. 
 
 SPIT, Sputum. 
 
 SpiTAL, MINERAL,WATERS OF. The 
 village of Spital is situate on the south side of 
 the Tv^eed, near Tweedmouth. The springs 
 there' contain chloride of calcium, sulphate of 
 soda, sulphate and carbonate of lime. They 
 act as saline cathartics. 
 
 gPITH'AMA, Dorans, A measure of twelve 
 fingers' breadth. 
 
 SPITTING, Exspuitiqn. 
 
 SPITTLE, Saliva— s. Sweet, see Salivation. 
 
 $PLANCHNA, Entrails. 
 
 SPLANCHNECTOP.'IA, Splanchnodi^s'ta- 
 m, Situs 'perver'sus seu anow^alus intestino' ' 
 rum; from a-!i\ayx}-aM, ' an intestine,' fit, 'out 
 of,' and Tonot;, ' place.' Misplacement or ec- 
 topia of the intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNELMINTHA, Worms. 
 
 SPLANCHNEURYS'MA, from ^vKayxr'K 
 ' an intestine,' and eugi/vm, ' I dilate.' Morbid 
 dilatation of the intestines. 
 , SPL ANC HNIC, Spla,nch'nic-us, Vis'ceral, 
 from ir7iXu.yj(vo\, ' viscus.' That which relates 
 to the viscera. ; 
 
 Splanchnic Cav'ities are the three great 
 cavities of the body; — those of the craniuin, 
 chest, and abdomen. 
 
 Splanchnic Neeves belong to the great sym- 
 pathetic, and are two in number on each side. 
 They are distinguished into : — I . The great 
 splancknicfierve, (F.) Grandsicrrenal, (Chaus.) 
 Its roots — four or five in nunjber, come from the 
 tith, 7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the 10th tho- 
 racic ganglion. They descend invvards,, on the 
 sides of the Vertebral column, beneath the pleu- 
 ra, and unite into a single trunk, which enters 
 the abdomen through a separation of the fleshy 
 fibres of the pillars of the diaphragm ; passes 
 behind the stomach, and divides into several 
 branches, Which pass into the semilunar ganglion, 
 9. The lesser splanchnic nerve ^ (F.) Splanch- 
 iiiqiK accessoire of Walther, Petit siirrfnal, 
 (Ch.,) is composed of two distinct branches, 
 proceeding from the ICth and Hth thoracic 
 ganglion, which ujiite on the Hth dorsal ver- 
 tebra into a cord, that pierces the diaphragm 
 singly; enters the abdomen, and divides into 
 two branches, one of vvhich anastomoses with 
 the greater, splanchnic nerve, whilst the other' 
 sends its filaments to the renal and solar plex- 
 uses. 
 
 SPLANCH'NICA. Medicines adapted to 
 diseases of the bowels. Also, the yd order of 
 the class Ccsliaca oi GooA; defined, — diseases af- 
 fecting the collatitious viscera, and character- 
 ized by disquiet or diseased action in the or- 
 gans auxiliary to the digestive process, without 
 primary inflammation. 
 
 SPLANCHNODIASTASIS, Splanchnecto- 
 pia. 
 
 SPLANCHNOD'YNE, from irnXayxm, ' a 
 viscus,' and (!(!uiu, ' pain.' Pain in the bowels. 
 
 SPL ANC HNOGR A PHI A , Splanchnography . 
 
 795 
 
 -9 
 
 SPLENIC 
 
 S P L A N C H NOG'R AP HY, Splancknogra'- 
 phi'a, from onlay xvi^r, 'a viscus,' and jiojoi;, 'a 
 description.' The part of anatomy whi'^h treats 
 of the viscera. 
 
 SPLANCHNOLITHI'ASIS;fromn7rA«y;Ki.cr, 
 ' a viscus,' and/liSos, <a stone.' The formation 
 of a calculous concretion in any viscus., 
 
 SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Splanchnolog"ia, 
 from o-TiAayo^voi', ,' a viscus,' and ioyo?, ' a dis- 
 course.' A treatise on the viscera: — also, 
 Splanchnography. 
 
 SPLANCHNOPATHI'A, from ,r7rMyxyov, 
 ' a viscus,' and TraSot, ' suffering.' A disease 
 of the intestines. 
 
 SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS, from o-Tr^cy- 
 5i;ro», 'a viscus,' and u-nXngot, ' hard.' Indura- 
 tion of a viscus. 
 
 SPL ANC HNOT'OMY, Splanchnotam'ia, 
 Splnnchnot'ome, from o-nrxayg^mv, 'a viscus,' 
 and Tsi^vtn, ' I cut.' Dissection or anatomy of 
 the viscera. , 
 
 SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
 
 SPLEEN, Lien, H^par sinis'trutn 6eu adid- 
 teri'i^um, (F.) Rate. A softj spongy, paren- 
 chymatous organ ; of a more or less deep violet 
 red, situate deeply in the left hypochondrium, 
 below the diaphragm, aboVe the colon, between; 
 the great tuberosity of the stomach and the car- 
 tilages of the false ribs, and above and anterior 
 to the kidney. Its ordinary length is 4^ inches ; 
 its thickness, 9^ ; and its weight 8 ounces. Its 
 parenchyma, which is bathed in blood, contains 
 a multitude of grayish, soft, and semi-transpa- 
 rent granulations — splenic corpuscles. It is 
 covered by,a serous membrane, furnished by 
 the peritoneum; and by a proper coat,' of a. 
 fibrous nature, which is intimately united with 
 it, and transmits into its interior delicate, solid, 
 and very elastic prolongations. At its inner 
 edge is a fissure, by which' the vessels andnerves 
 enter the organ. The functions of the spleen 
 ar^ unknown. One of the latest opinions is, 
 that it belongs to the lymphatic system. 
 
 Spleen, Hypochondriasis — s. Supernume- 
 rary, Lienculus. 
 
 Sl'LEENWORT,Asplehiam,Asplemumsco- 
 lopendrium — s. Bush, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
 
 SPLENAL'GIA, Neurctl'gia. lie'nis, Sph'- 
 nica, Spl&nodfjn'ia, from (r-TrKriv, 'the spleen,' 
 and aXyof, 'pain.' Paiji in the spleen. 
 
 Splenalgia Phlegmonodea, Splenitis — s. 
 Subinfiammatoria chronica, Splenoncus. 
 
 SPLENECTAMA, Splenopareetama. 
 
 SPLENECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
 
 SPLENECTOM'IA, S;);raM'i;ome,from^ir;.»i. , 
 ' the spleen,' ek, ' out of,' and nfuai, ' I cut.' 
 Extirpation of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENECTOP'IA, Bisloca'tio, lie'nis seu 
 splenis; from a-nxriv, 'the spleen,' and jktcwcc, 
 ' out of place.' Dislocation of the spleen. Not 
 a common occurrence. 
 
 Sl'LENEMPHRAX'IS,SyeK07i/(rfla;'ia,from 
 o-jrM)v, ' the spleen,' and s/^^pao-iriii, ' I obstruct.' 
 Obstruction of the spleen.— yogel. 
 
 SPLENES, Hypochondriasis. 
 
 SPLENET'ICUS, Sple'nicws, Splenit'icus, 
 Lieno'sus, (F.) Ratelettx. ThS.t which relates 
 to the spleen: one labouring under diseased 
 spleen. A medicine adapted for diseases of the 
 spleen. 
 
 SPLENIC, Sple'nictts, Sple'nius, from irTM/f, 
 ' the spleen.' That which relates to the spleen. 
 
SPLENICA 
 
 796 
 
 SPONDYLIS 
 
 Splenic Artert. It arises from the cceliac i 
 and passes from right to left, forming'- many 
 windings along the upper edge of the pancreas, 
 which lodges it in a special grqbye. It reaches 
 the fissure of the spleen, and divide^ into seve- 
 ral hranches that enter the organ. In its course 
 it famishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, 
 and the vasa brevia, 
 
 .Splenic Cachexia," see Cachexia splenica — 
 s. Corpuscles, see Spleen. 
 
 Splenic Plexus is a nervous network, which 
 proceeds from the cceliac plexus, and accompa- 
 nies the splenic artery, sending secondary plex- 
 uses to each division. 
 
 Splenic Vein arises from the spleen, and ac- 
 companies the splenic artery; proceeding from 
 left to right, to unite with the superior mesen- 
 teric vein, and'to form, with it, the abdominal 
 vena porta. In its course, it receives veins cor- 
 responding to the vasa brevia," the right and left 
 gastro-epiploic, the duodenal, pancreatic, coro- 
 naria ventriculi, and inferior mesenteric veins. 
 
 SPLENICA, Splenalgia 
 
 SPLENIC US, Spleneticus,- Splenic. 
 
 Sl'LENIOLA, Compress. 
 
 SPLENIS TUMOR, Ague. cake. 
 
 SPLENISATION, Splenization. 
 
 SPLENISCUS, Compress'. 
 
 SPLENITICUS, Splenic. 
 
 SPLENI'TIS, from ^nhiv, 'the spleen,' and 
 itis, denoting inflamjnation. Inflammation of 
 the spleen. Empres'ma splenitis, Inflammal tio 
 I'm'nis., I. sjplenis, Splena.l'gia phhgmono'dea, 
 ( F.) Injiammiation de la Kate,. A rare disease, 
 characterized by local pain, swelling, and heat, 
 which sometimes terminates by suppuration. 
 It must be treated like other inflammations. 
 
 SPLENIUM, Compress — s. Cruciatum, 
 
 SFLE'NIOS, S. Cap'itis, S. Colli,(F.) Cer- 
 fico-dorso-viasto'idi en et dorso- trachelien, Cervi- 
 co-mastoldien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle. 
 So called from its resemblance to the spleen of 
 certain animals. A muscle situate at the pos- 
 terior part of the neck, and uppeif part of the 
 back. It is much brp&der above than below, 
 where it terminates in a point. It is attached, 
 by its inner edge,' to the spinous processes of 
 the first five dorsal vertebrse ; to that of the 7th 
 cervical, and to the inferior part of the poste- 
 rior cervical ligament. By its upper extremity, 
 it is attached to the transverse processes of the 
 first two cervical vertebriE, to the mastoid pro- 
 cess, and to the posterior surface of the occipi- 
 tal bone. Some have considered this muscle- 
 to be formed of two portions. Which they have 
 called Splenitis colli, und Spleninji c.ap'itis. The 
 splenius extends the head, inclines it, and ro- 
 tates it. If the splenii of each side act together, 
 they extend the head. 
 
 SPLENIZA'TION, Sphnizatio, (F.) SpUtii- 
 s'jtion, from o-ttXijv, ' the sp'leen.' A term ap- 
 plied to the state of the lung in the first or 
 second stage of pneumonia in which its tissue 
 resembles that of thesspleen. 
 
 SPLENOCE'LE, Her'nia lirna'lis, from 
 trnKm, 'the spleen,' and kjiMj, 'a tumour.' 
 Hernia formed by the spleen. 
 
 SPLEfJODYNIA, Splenalgia. 
 
 SPLENO'G'RAI^HY, Sphnograph'ia, from 
 o-Tr A»», ' the spleen,' and >§ot<)iii, 'a description.' 
 A description of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOHJl'MIA, (F.) SpUnokemie, from 
 
 o-TrMjv, 'the spleen,' and 'xifn, 'blood.' Con- 
 gestion or hyperemia of the spleen, a common 
 phenomenon in many diseases,,especially in ty- 
 phoid and intermittent fevers. 
 
 SPLENDID, Spl'eno'L'des,, Spleno'des, from 
 <r7r\riv, ' spleen;' and eiScs, 'reseanHance.' Spleen- 
 like. Having the appearance of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOL'OGY, Splenolog"ia, .from o-/pM,r, 
 ' the spleen,' and ic/ot, ' a 'discourse.' A trea- 
 tise on the spleen. 
 
 SPLiNONCIE, Splenonctis. 
 
 SPLENON'CUS, Megalosple'nia, Hyper- 
 troph'ia Seu Sup6rnutri"tio splenis seu He'nis, 
 Intwmescen'tia' seu Infarc'tus seu Physco'nia 
 lienis, Bplpnal'gia subinfiamvniato'riot cJiron'' 
 ica, SpleneTnphrax'is, Hypersplenotropk'ia, (F.) 
 Splenoneie, Hypert'opkie de la Rate; from 
 ffs-AJiv, ' the spleen,' and oyxoc,'atumour.' Tu- 
 mefaction of the spleen. See Ague cake. 
 
 S P L E N P A R E C'TAM A , Splenet'tama, 
 Splenoparec'tasiSj Splenec'tasis, iioxci TnXrjt, 
 ' the spleen,' antl iiafiixruuix, ' excessive volume.' 
 Excessive enlargement of the spleen. — Piouc- 
 quet. 
 
 SPLENOPARECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
 
 SPLENOPHRAXIA, Spleneraphraxis. 
 
 SPLENORRHAG"IA, from <Tnlr,v, '^the 
 spleen,' and fuyi), ' rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOSCIR'RHUS, from anXr,v, 'the 
 spleen,' and ampfoc, 'hardness.' Scirrhus or 
 cancer of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOT OMY, Splenotom'ia, Splenot'ome, 
 from cnrXK^, 'the- spleen,' and ztfiva, 'I cut.' 
 Dissection of the spleen. 
 
 SPLINT,- Teut. Splinter, from splijten, 
 'to split;' Hastel'la, Ass'ula, Asser'eulum., 
 Plag'-ula, Narthex, Fer'ula, (F.) Attelti,liclisse. 
 A flexible and resisting latnina of wood, used 
 in the treatment of fiactures, to keep the frag- 
 ments in apposition, and'prevent, their displace- 
 ment. Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of 
 trees, leather, pasteboard, &c. They aregene- 
 rally pidded, and are fixed by a roller or, by 
 tapes, according to circumstances. 
 
 SPLINTER, (F.) Esgnille. Same etymon. 
 This term is sometimes applied to a small 
 portion of wood; which occasionally enters the 
 skin, and gives occasion to much irritation 
 until it is removed, — Acn'leus lig'ne.us, (F.) 
 &cha.rde. 
 
 Jt is also applied to fragments that separate 
 from a fractured or diseased bone. 
 
 SPLITROCK, Heuchera cortusa. 
 
 SPODIUM GR.ECORUM. Album gr'aecum. 
 
 SPOLIARIUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 SPOLIATI'VA, from sjiolio, ' I take away.' 
 PliHhotom'ia spoliatl'va. ( F . ) Soignee spoliative. 
 Blood-letting, used for the purpose Of diminish- 
 ing the mass of blood. 
 
 SPOLIATORIUM, Apodyterium. 
 
 SPONDYLAL'GIA, Spondylodynia, from 
 iTTTorlvliic, ' a vertebra,' and aiyoq, ' pain.' Pain 
 in the vertebr£E. Cacorrhachitis. See Verte- 
 bral Disease. 
 
 SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS, from rnovUvinc, 
 ' a vertebra,' afSfov, ' a joint,' and itis, denoting 
 inflammation. Gouty or rheumatic inflamma- 
 tion of the spinal column. 
 
 SPONDYLARTHROCACE, Vertebral dis- 
 ease. 
 
 SPONDYLI, VertebrsB. 
 
 SPONDYLIS, Coccyx. 
 
SPONDYLITIS 
 
 797 
 
 SPUR 
 
 SPONDYLITIS, Iitflamma'tio ver'tebrce, 
 from o-TovJuMif, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Inflammation of the vertebrsB. 
 
 SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Heracleum sppn- 
 dyliu'm. ' ■ 
 
 SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia. 
 
 SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from o-ys(J'i,)ioc, 'a 
 vertebra,' and reuflosj 'a disease.' A disease 
 of llie vertebral column. 
 
 SPONDYLOPYOSIS,, Vertebral disease. 
 
 SPOND'YLUS, pnovdvXo?. A veitehra; and, 
 especially, the two large cetvical vertebrcE. 
 Also, the vertex. 
 
 SPONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium. 
 
 SPONGI. The tumefied glands of the neck. 
 , SPON'GIA, Spovgos, Spho?igus, Spongia offi- 
 cina'lif, Spon'gia Mari'na, Sponge, (F.) /iponge. 
 An organized marine substance, of the gteat 
 class of Zoophytes, met with in many seas, but 
 especially in the Mediterranean and Arabian. It 
 is supple, elastic, porous, and capable of a:bsorb- 
 ing fluids in which it may be placed, and of 
 thus increasing in size. It is employed in 
 surgery, for cleansing of. washing; for absorb- 
 ing acrid discharges from ulcers; suppressing 
 hemorrhage when the mouth of the vessel can 
 be compressed by it, and for forming tents for 
 dilating wounds; in which ease, the sponge is 
 immersed in melting wax, and cooled before 
 being used. It is then called Prepared Sponge 
 or Sponge Tent. 
 
 Spongia Assa, S. Usta — s. Cynosbati, Bede- 
 gar. 
 
 Spongia Usta sen ASsa, Car^o spon'gim. 
 Burnt Sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate 
 of lime, carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine. 
 It is used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, 
 and herpetic eruptions ; and its good effects seem 
 to be dependent upon iodine. It is made by 
 cutting sponge into pieces, and beating it, that 
 any extraneous matter may be separated; burn- 
 ing it in a close iron vessel until it becomes 
 black and' friable, and, lastly, rubbing it juto 
 very fine powder. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 SPON'GI<E LAPIS. A name given to small 
 friable stones found in sponge. They were 
 formerly esteemed lithontriptic. 
 
 SPONGldDES, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGIOL^, Spoil gioljim : from trnoyy-ior, 
 ' a sponge.' The soft succulent extremity of 
 the fibrils or true roots of a plant, by which it 
 absorbs or sucks up fluid. Similar spoiigioles 
 have been supposed to exist at the terrilinations 
 of the absorbents in anipials. 
 
 SPON'GION. Ancient -name of an epithem 
 made of goats' dung: and also of a malagma, 
 which was considered capable of absorbing the 
 serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, 
 Gorrasus. , , ' r 
 
 SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone. 
 
 SPONGIOSUS, Spongoid. 
 
 SPONGOID, Spongo'Cdes, Spongio'des, Sjjon- 
 gio'sus, from o-Tioj/yio, ' sponge,' and nSnc, 're- 
 semblance.' Resembling sponge. Of the na- 
 ture of sponge. 
 
 Spongoid Inflammation, Haematodes fungus. 
 
 Spongoid Tissue, (F.) Tissu spongoide. An 
 adventitious spongy tissue, found in cases of 
 rickets. — Guerin. 
 
 SPONGOS, Tonsil. 
 
 SPONSA SOLIS, Calendula officinalis. 
 
 SPONTA'NEOUS, Sponta'neus, homsponte, 
 
 ' voluntarily;' That which bccurs of itself, or 
 without any manifest external cause. Evacu- 
 ations are termed spontaneous, which are not 
 produced by medicine. Spontaneous lassitude 
 is that which is not the result of fatigue. Dis- 
 eases are also spontaneous which supervene 
 without apparent cause.' 
 
 SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolla, Tilia. 
 
 SPORAD'IC, Spor'udes, Spoiad'ici, Morhi 
 disper'si, Worbi sparsi, from rnmniv, 'to 
 spread.' Diseases .are so called which super- 
 vene indifferently in every season and situation, 
 from accidental causes, and independently of 
 any epidemic or contagious influence. 
 
 SPORE, Spor'uhi Sporum, Spor'ulum, from 
 irnciQm, 'I sow.' The reproductive body in 
 cryptogamous plants, which is analogous to the 
 seed of phanerogamous plants. 
 
 SPORID'IUM; same eiymon. The repro- 
 ductive body in algaceous plants, which resem- 
 bles the spore of other plants. 
 
 SPORULE, Spore. 
 
 SPORUM, Spore. 
 
 SPOTS, GERMINAL, see Molecule. 
 
 Spots, Red, (F.) Tackes ranges. Rose spots. 
 Small red spots which appear in typhoid fever, 
 from the 8th to the 15th day of the diseasf*. 
 They are most frequently seen on the lower 
 and middle portions of the chest, and upper part 
 of the abdomen. 
 
 Spots, Rose, see Spots, red. 
 
 SPRAIN, corrupted from strain: — SuUitxa'- 
 tio, Distor'tio, Dias'trophl^Diastrevi'ma^ Luxa'- 
 tio imperfec'ta, Ezarthre'ma, Exarthro'sis^ 
 Stremma, Thlip^ma Stremina; a wrench, (F.) 
 Ditorse, Entorse, Foulure. A violent straining 
 or twisting of the soft parts surrounding the 
 joints. According to the degree of the sprain, 
 the. fibrous parts of the joint may be, simply 
 stretched, or they may be. ruptured. This af- 
 fection, which has been regarded as incomplete 
 luxation, .occurs, "particularly, in the gingly- 
 moid joints; — as in the fdot, wrist, knee^ &c. 
 The violence causes an afflux of blood, the se- 
 rum of the blood is poured out, and often the 
 blood itself, ovving to the rupture of vessels; 
 and inflammation arises, yvhich ends in resolu- 
 tion or induration. Local, antiphlogistic appl'- 
 cations are required, witli perfect rest; a. d, 
 when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold 
 pumping and friction, with the application of a 
 plaster and bandage, will afford support till the 
 parts afl'ected recover their due tone. 
 
 SPRAT, YELLOW-BILLED, Clupea 
 thryssa. 
 
 SfRUCE BEER, WIdte, Spruce. Beer. A 
 beer made as follows. To 10 gallons of water,- 
 add 6 pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of 
 spruce. Add yeast, and bottle, when ready. 
 It is grateful and antiscorbutic. 
 
 Spruce Beer Powders may be formed of 
 white sugar, ^j, and Qij; soda subcarh.,gr. 
 xxvj ; essence of spruce, gr. x, in each blue 
 paper ; and acid of tartar, '|^ss in each white 
 paper. For half a pint of water. 
 
 SPUITIO, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUMA ARGENTI, Plumbi oxydum semi- 
 vitreum — s. Cerevisia:, Yest — s. TriDm draco- 
 num, Antimonium muriatum. 
 
 SPUMEUX, Frothy. 
 
 SPUMOSUS, Frothy. 
 
 SPUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 SPUR, Sax. rpuPj (F.) £peron des Ariires. 
 
SPURGE, CAPER 
 
 798 
 
 STAPES 
 
 The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity 
 er trunk. 
 Spue, Ergot. 
 
 SPURGE, C^PER, Euphorbia lathyris— s. 
 Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissia? — s. Flax, 
 Daphne gnidium — s. I"low6ring, large, Euphor- 
 bia corollata^s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris — 
 s. Greater.Euphorbiapalustris — s. Ipecacuanha. 
 Euphorbia ipecacuahh^— ^s. Laurel, Daphne 
 laureola — s. Marsh, Euphorbia palustris — s. 
 Olive, Cneorura tricoccum-^s. Olive, Daphne 
 mezereum — s. Sea, Euphorbia paralias, 
 
 SPUTAMEIV, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum. 
 
 SPUTATIO, Exspuition. 
 
 SPUTUM, ApochreTn'tna, Chxennrfia^ Em-p- 
 tys'ma, Sputa'men, Pty'elon, Pytis'ma, Spit, 
 from spjiere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) CracHat. 
 The secretions ejected from the mouth in the 
 act of spitting. Ifis composed'of saliva, and 
 of the mucus secreted by the mucous mem- 
 brane of the nasal fossae and fauces, and often by 
 the membrane of the larynx and bronchia. The 
 sputa are, sometimes, called erug-mous, when 
 of a greenish-yellow ^colour; gummy, when 
 ,they resemble a thick solution of gum ; frothy, 
 (F.) mousseiix, when covered with froth; ruti- 
 ginous, (F.) ruhigineux ou rouilHs, when of a 
 reddish-yellow; and streamed, (F.) «Jj-ie'«, when 
 mixed with lines of blood. Also, saliva. 
 
 Sputjjm Cp-uentum, Hasmoptysis — s. Duke, 
 Sacchaforrhcea pulmonalis — s. Oris, Salivation 
 — s. Saccharatum, Sacch'arorrhoea pulmdnalis 
 — ^s. Sanguinis, Haemoptysis. . 
 
 SQUALLING, Vagitus. 
 
 SQUAMA, Scale, Table. 
 
 SQUAMA, Scaly diseases. 
 
 SQUAMARIA, Plumbago Europaea. 
 
 SQVAMEXrX, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous. 
 
 SQUAMOUS, Squamo'sus, LepidoVdes, Le- 
 pido'desj Sqnamifor''mis, Scaly ; from squama, 
 'a scale.' That which relates to or resembles 
 a scale. 
 
 SquAMOus PoRTiow of the temporal bone, 
 (F.) Portion Squameuseou ^cailleuss du Tem- 
 poral^ia the upper part of the temjjoral, so 
 called from a fancied resemblance to a scale. 
 
 SquAMOtis SuTUEE, Sutu'ra squamo'sa, S. 
 iriRndo' sa seu lepidoei' des seu'lepido'des, Sutu'ra 
 cra'nii squamo'sa, (F.) Suture squameuse ou 
 ecailleuse. The suture which unites the squa- 
 mous portion of the temporal bone to the parietal. 
 
 Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also 
 called squaTnoii-s, (F.) sqiiameux. See Scale. 
 
 SQUARE STALK, Monarda coccinea. 
 
 SQUAW-MINT, Hedeoma. 
 
 SQUAW-ROOT, Actaaa racemosa, Caulophyl- 
 lum thalictroides. 
 
 SQUAW-WEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
 
 SQUELETTE, Skeleton. 
 
 SQXJELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology. 
 
 SQUILL, SciUa — s. Vinegar of, Acetum 
 scill^e. 
 
 SQUILLA, Scilla. 
 
 SQJJIlfANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton- 
 sillaris. 
 
 SQUINANCY, COMMON, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. 
 
 SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche. 
 
 SQUINANTHUS, J uncus odoratus. 
 
 SqaiNE, Smilax China. 
 
 SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
 
 SQtriNTER, see Strabismus. 
 
 SQUINTliSfG, Strabismus. 
 
 SQiriKBfi, ScirrhuS. , , 
 
 SQUIRROGASTRIE, Scirrhegastrja. 
 
 SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus. 
 
 STACHELBERG, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Stachelberg Springs are far down In the 
 valley of the Linth, in Switzerland. The wa- 
 ters are sulpbureous, and are much visited by 
 gouty and rheumatic invalids^ 
 
 STACHYS FCETIDA, Galeopsis. 
 
 STACTE, Myrrha. 
 
 STADB, Stage. 
 
 STADIUM, Period, Stage. 
 
 Sta'dihm AiiNiHi£.ATio'Nis seii Convalescek'- 
 Ti^. The period of recovery from disease. 
 
 Stadium Augmeh'ti seu Inceemen'ti Mobbi. 
 The period or stage of increase of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Caloeis, Stage, (hot) — s. Conva- 
 le&entiae, S. annihilationiW. 
 
 Stadium Decremen'ti. The period or stage 
 of decrease of a disease. 
 
 Stadium Feigokis, Stage, (coId)^s. Incre- 
 menti Morbi, S. Augmehti'morbi. 
 
 STAFF, (D.) S t a f. An instrument of great 
 importance in lithotomy, — being the director 
 for the gorget or knife. It is made of steel; 
 and the handle is flat and rough, iri order that 
 it ma"y be more securely held. The groove is 
 on its convex surface. 
 
 - STAFFA, Stapes. 
 
 STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervns. 
 . STAGJi,Sta'dium, (F,.)^stage,£tage, Stade. 
 The pefiodor degree of a disease; especially the 
 period of an intermittent :^as the cold stage,' — 
 sta'diit/m fri'goris, — hot stage, &c. 
 
 - STAGGERWEEDj Delphinium. 
 STA'GIUM". The Sixth part of an ounce. 
 STAGMA, from o-TaCo'i,' I distil i' S/afog-'ma. 
 
 Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
 
 Stagma, Gutta. 
 
 STAGNA'TION, Stagna'tio, from sta.gn.are, 
 ' to form a pond.' Accumulation and retarda- 
 tion of fluids in any part of the body. 
 
 STAGNUM CHYLI, K'eceptaculurn chyli. 
 
 STAHLIAN. One who follows the doctrine 
 ofStahl. ^ 
 
 STAHL'IANISM. The doctrine of Stahl, 
 which considered every vital action under the 
 direction and presidency of the soul. See Ahimist. 
 
 STALAGMA, Stagma. 
 
 STALAGMITIS CAMBOGIOIDES, see 
 Cambbgia. 
 
 STALAGMQS, Distillation. 
 
 STALTICUS, Incarnans. 
 
 STAMMERING, Balbuties— s. of the. Fin- 
 gers, Cramp, writers'. 
 
 STANGOS, Tin. 
 
 STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of— s. 
 Oxyduli murias. Tin, muriate of. 
 
 STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil. 
 
 STANNUM, Tin— s. Foliatum, Tinfoil— s. 
 Indicum, Zincum. 
 ^ STAPS-DIEPf, Stapedius. 
 
 STAPE'DIUS,iS«ffipe*,(F.) Stap'edien, Vyra- 
 midal-stapedien, A muscle of the middle ear, 
 which draws the stapes obliquely upwards. 
 
 STAPES, Stapha, Staffa, 'a stirrup.' (F.) 
 Atrier. The innermost of the small bones of 
 the ear, so called because it resembles a stirrup. 
 It is situate horizontally in the cavity of the 
 tympanum. Its head, which is directed out- 
 I wards, is articulated with the os orbiculare. 
 
STAPHA 
 
 799 
 
 STATISTICS, MEDICAL 
 
 Its base faces inwards, and is applied to the 
 fenestra ovalis, which it closes impevfectly, 
 and to the membrane of which it is united. Its 
 branches are one anterior, and the other pojste- 
 rior, 'they are curved ; and 'the space between 
 them is parabolic. Surgeons have given the 
 name Stapes to a bandage used in bleeding from 
 the foot; which forms a figure of 8' around the 
 ankles. 
 
 STAPHA, Stapes. 
 
 STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 STAPHISAIGRE, Delphinium staphisa- 
 gria. 
 
 STAPHYL^MATP'MA, from o-raifuJ.,, 
 ' the uvula,' and Hematoma. A tumour formed 
 by effusion of blood beneath the mucous mem- 
 brane of the uvula. ' 
 
 STAPHYLAGRA, Staphylepartes. 
 
 STAPHYLE, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from ^taipxjii,, 'the 
 uvula,' and evai^ai, '1 lift up;' Staph'ylagra. 
 An instrument for laying hold of, and removing 
 the uvula. — Paulus. 
 
 STAPHYLINI.see Azygos muscle— s.Medii, 
 see Azygos muscle. 
 
 ST APHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato- 
 pharyngeus. 
 
 STAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum- 
 
 STAPHYLIS, Nipple. 
 
 STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis; 
 
 STAPHYLIUM, Nipple. 
 
 STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis, Staphylce- 
 dema. 
 
 STAPHYLCEDE'MA, Angi'na ztvula'ris, 
 Djfsjjha'gia uvulo'sa, Rypostaph'yle, Hyposta- 
 f'hyli'ti$,Staphylodial'ysis, Prolapsus sen Prop- 
 to' sis iitvulXf Casus TTvulcE, Himas, Himanto'- 
 ma, Himanto'sis, Staphylon'cuSy Staphyloh'cia, 
 (Ede'ma u'vula, Produc'tio uvulse a pitui'ia, 
 TJ'vula decid'ua seu relaxa'ta, Cras'pedon-, Re- 
 laxation and tumefaction of the uvula, which, 
 either from inflammation or infiltration, hangs 
 doiyn so as to occasion difficult deglutition, 
 cough, &c. Scarification, astringent garglte, 
 and, if necessary, excision, constitute the treat- 
 ment. 
 
 STAPHYLO'MA, from <rra.tfv\v, ' a grape.' 
 Xlva'tio, Myoceph'alon, My'ioceph'alwm, P'ar<tp'- 
 sis Staphylo'ma, Staphylo' sis , Polygro'ma, ■ A 
 name given to different tumours of the anterior 
 surface of the globe of the eye. 
 
 SiAPHyLOMA CosicuM, Staphyloma of the 
 cornea — s. Pellucidunti conicum. Staphyloma 
 of the^ cornea. 
 
 Staphyloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf 
 CorneayCdn'ical Cornea, Con'ical hydrophthal'- 
 mia, Staph-ylo'ma con'icum, S.' pellu^aidum/ 
 con'icum, Conophthal'mia, Prolap'sus Cor'nea, 
 Ceraton'cus, Hypercerato'sis, Hypercer'asis, is 
 an unequal, embossed, bluish or whitish, round 
 or conical tumour; of variable size ; formed by 
 the projection of the transparent bornea, which 
 is sometimes extenuated and distended, at others 
 thickened. 
 
 Staphyloma of the Iris is the disease de- 
 scribed by Scarpa under the name Procidentia 
 Iridis. It is hernia of the iris, through an ac- 
 cidental opening of the cornea. Also, iridauxe- 
 sis. 
 
 Staphyloma of the Scleeot'ic differs from 
 the last, in the prominence existing on a part 
 
 of the eye covered by the sclerotic, which is 
 much thinner. 
 
 Staphyloma XJvkie, Iridauxesis. 
 
 STAPHYLONCIA, Staphylcedema. 
 
 STAPHYLONCUS, Staphylcedema. 
 
 STAPiiYLOPLAS'TlC,Staphyloplas'tieus. 
 from <i-ia.{fuX«, ' the uvula,' and nXarai^, ' I 
 form.' An epithet applied to the operation 
 for replacing the' soft palate, v^hen it has been' 
 lost. 
 
 STAPHYLOR'RAPHY, Velosynth'esis, Sta- 
 pkylorrha'phia,Kionorrha'phia,CionorThaph'ia, 
 Uranor'rkaphe, TJranorrha'phia, XJraniscorrha'- 
 phia, Tlraniscor'rhaphS, from , crTacpvle, ' the 
 uvula,' and jatpn, ' a suture.' The operation 
 for uniting a cleft palate. It consists in paring 
 the edges of the cleft; passing ligatures through 
 them, and bringing them together. 
 
 BTAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma. 
 
 STAPHYLOT'OMY, Stapjiylotom'ia, from 
 a-rutfuhif, 'the uvula,' and to/kij, 'incision.' 
 Amputation of the uvula. 
 
 STAR-APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED, Chry.. 
 sophyllum caiiiito — s. Blazing, A.letris farinosa 
 — s. Bloom, Spigelia Marilapdica — s. Grass, 
 Aletris farinosa — s. Knap- weed, Centaurea cal- 
 citrappa-r-s. Stroke, Coup-de-soleil — s. Wort,. 
 Aletris farinosa — s. Wort, golden, Buboniuita. 
 
 STARBECK SPA. A chalybeate spring at 
 Harrowgate. , . 
 
 STARCH, Amylum— s. Blue, Smalt— s. Io- 
 dide ofj see Iodine — s.' Potato, see Solanum tu- 
 berosum, 
 
 STARKEY'S PILLS, se&Pilulffi ex helleboro 
 et myrrha. 
 
 STASE, Stasis. 
 
 STASIS, (TT^ri;, from c-ma,, 'I stop.' _.(r.) 
 Stase. This word has nearly the same signifi- 
 cation as stagnation. Stagnation, however, 
 sometimes" includes a morbid condition of the 
 fluids, — ^Stasis never. 
 
 Stasis, Station. 
 
 STATIC. 0!in epithet applied to the physi- 
 cal phenomenon presented by organized bodies 
 in coiitradistinction to the organic or vital. 
 
 STAT'lCASF.7Tl}!!A'KlUM,Appen'dia:cu- 
 ta'nea septi na'rium. ' The cutaneous appendage 
 to the septum narium. 
 
 STAT'ICfi CAROLINIA'NA of the United 
 ' States, Amer'ican Thrift, Marsli Rose'mar'^ , 
 Marsh Root, Seaside thrift, Inhroot, Sea ha* 
 vender, is considered to be a mere variety of the 
 statice limonium. 
 
 Stat'ice Limo/nium, ^ehen ruhrum, Limo'' 
 ni-Um, L, majus,, Behen, Sea Lav'ender, Red 
 Behen, Behmen Ac/cmar, Marsh Rosemary, La- 
 vender Thrift, (F.) Behen rouge. Family, 
 Plumbaginese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Pentagy- 
 nia. The roots have been esteemed astringent, 
 tonic, and eminently antiseptic. 
 
 STA'TION, Sta'tio, Stasis, Status; from 
 stare, ' to stand.' The act of standing. 
 
 STA'TIONARY, Stationa'rius, from stare, 
 ' to stand.' A name given hy Sydenham and 
 Stoll to certain diseases, which depend upon a 
 particular state of the atmosphere; and which 
 prevail in a district for a certain number of 
 years, and then give way to others. 
 
 STATlS'TICS,M'E,mCAL,Vital.Statisiics, 
 (F.) Statistique medicate. That part of medi- 
 cine which relates to the detail of facts con- 
 nected with the mortality, salubrity, &c. of 
 different countries and situations. 
 
STATURE 
 
 800 
 
 STERCORACEOUS 
 
 It has also been used in a wider sense to signify 
 the same as Numefical method, (E.) MHhodn 
 MMmeViyae;' which is applied to the systemiza- 
 tion of medical facts, or to the use of numbers 
 in the investigation of disease. 
 
 Statistics, Vital, Statistics, medical. 
 
 STATURE,iSfffi«;i'ra, Meg'pthos, Magnitwdo 
 cor'poris. The height of the human figure. 
 The following table exhibits the results of seve- 
 ral admeasurements, with the heights of some 
 of the monkey species, on the authority of Mr. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 Stature. 
 Ffeet. In. 
 
 ye 4i 
 
 An Englishman, - - - - < to 
 
 ( 5 09 
 15 4 
 An Englishwoman, - - - < to 
 
 / 5 00 
 
 European male skeleton, - - 5 8 
 
 Do. - - - - - 5 5 
 
 A Negrp at the Lunatic Hospital, {, ,„, 
 
 Liverpool, - " " ) 
 
 Another from Virginia, - - 5 5^ 
 
 Another from the Gold Coast, 5 8 
 
 Another, ... - 5 00 
 
 Negro skeleton, - - - 4 11 
 
 Another, - . . - - 5, 7i 
 A Lascar, - - - - 5 4 
 
 Venus de' Medici, - - r 5 00 
 
 Tyson's Chimpans6 <Ssmia-r»-og-Zo. („ g 
 
 dytes,) - - . - - ) 
 Mr. Abel's Orang Outang, - - 2 7 
 Camper's Do - - less than 30 
 
 Mr. White's Monkey, . - 3 ^ 
 
 STATUS, Acme— s. Cruditatis, Crudity— 
 s. Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis — s. Gastricus, 
 Embarras gastrique-^s. Nervosus, Nervous 
 diathesis — s. Sthenicus, Sthenia — s. Verminosus, 
 Helminthiasis. 
 
 STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
 
 ST AXIS, Apostax'is. A slight epistsixis or 
 nasal hemorrhage. — Hippocrates. 
 
 STEAR, Pinguedo, Sevum. 
 
 STEARIN, see Pinguedo. 
 
 STEARRHCE'A, S««atffrrAffi'o, Smegmator- 
 rh(B'a, Bmeg7norrh(B' a, Seba'ceous Flux, from 
 yreag, 'suet,' and gem, 'I flow.' 'Augmentation 
 of secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the 
 skin. 
 
 STEATITES, Polysarcia. 
 
 STEATOCEXE, from oreag, 'suet,' and 
 jt»Ait, 'a tumour.' A tumour formed by a col- 
 lection of steatomatous matter in the scrotum. 
 
 STEATO'MA, Tumor lar'deus, from aiixQ, 
 ' suet;' Seva'iio, Steato'sis^ Emphy'ma encys'- 
 tis sUatoma. An encysted tumour, whose con- 
 tents are similar to inf.- 
 
 STE ATOP'YGA; from o-tso; , ' fat,' aiid /ruy,,, 
 'buttocks.' Fat buttocks; such as e^ist in the 
 Hottentot females. 
 
 STEATORRHCEA, Stearrhcea. 
 
 STEATO'SIS, Steatoma. 
 
 Ste ATo'sis CoEDls, Degenera'tio adipo'aa cor- 
 dis, Cardiethmolipo' sis and Cardiomyolipo'sis, 
 (Piorry), Fatty heart. Unusual deposition of 
 fat on the heart : — by some presumed to be oc- 
 casional ly a true adipous degeneration of the 
 substance of the' heart, which is probably in- 
 correct. 
 
 STEATOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Aca- 
 rus Folliculorum. 
 
 STEEL,'Chalyb8. 
 
 STEEPLE-BUSH, Spiraea toraentosa. 
 
 STEER'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch, 
 Steer's. 
 
 STEGANOP'ODEg, o-rsy^waToisc, Planip'- 
 edes. They who have flat feet, or are web- 
 footed, from iTTEyavos, ' covered,' and srouc, 
 ' foot.' 
 
 STEGNO'SIS, Steno' sis,Constipa'tio, Stipa'- 
 tio, Condensa'tio, Obstruc'tio, from- o-Tfyvoa', 
 ' I constrict.' Constriction or narrowness of 
 the. pores and vefssels. Stricture. Constipa- 
 tion. Suppression of the evacuations. 
 
 STEGNOTICA, Astringents. 
 
 STEIROSIS, Sterilitas. 
 
 STELENGIS, Stridor dentium. 
 
 STELLA, Fiis'cia stella'ta, (F.) itoiU. A 
 bandage, improperly compared to a star, be- 
 cause it is crossed like the letter X. This 
 bandage is applied upon one or both shoulders. 
 In, the first case, it is called simple; in the 
 second, double. It was employed in cases of 
 fractures of the sternum, clavicle, and scapula ; 
 in luxations of the humerus, &c.. ■ 
 
 Stella TEiiK,.ffi, Plantago cdronopus. 
 
 STELLATA RUPINA, Centaurea calci- 
 trapa. 
 
 STELOCHITIS, Osteocolla. 
 
 STENAGMUS, Suspirium. 
 
 STENAXIS, Suspirium. 
 
 STENIA, Sthenia. 
 
 STENICUS, Active. 
 
 STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
 
 STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris. 
 
 STENOGHO'RIA, Stenochori'asis. Angus- 
 tia. Employed by some for contraction of the 
 vagina. ' • 
 
 SiENbCHORiA Intestini Recti, Stricture of 
 the rectum — s. (Esophagi, Dysphagia constricta. 
 
 STENOMYCTE'RIA;,fromoT5H(c, 'narrow,' 
 and AH'xTijj, 'nose.' Contraction of the nasal 
 passages. 
 • STENOSIS, Stegnosis. 
 
 STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis. 
 
 STENOSTENO'SIS^ Stenostegno'sis ; from 
 Steno, and (^rivman, 'contraction.' Obstruc'tio 
 ductus Stenonia'ni ; narrowness or contrac.> 
 tion of the Duct of Steno. 
 
 STENOSTO'MIA; from o-tevoc, 'narrow,' 
 and OTiyu.^ , ' moiith.' Contraction of the mouth. 
 
 STENOTHORA'CES, from aTs(.;f,'nar row,' 
 and Su^ai, ' the chest.' ^Jaey. who have nar- 
 row chests. 
 
 STENTOROPHO'NUS, from Sts.tu.^;, Sten- 
 tor, a Greek in the army before Troy; and 
 (paivjj, 'voice.' One who ha^ a strong voice. 
 
 STEPHANE, Crown. 
 ' STEPHENS, M&S., REMEDY FOR THE 
 STONE. This consisted of lime, prepared by 
 calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made 
 into ,pills with soap. A decoction was, also, 
 administered, consisting of chamomile, fennel, 
 parsley, and burdock, with a portion of Alicant 
 soap. Its virtues were dependent upon the lime 
 and the tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, 
 Hartley, Kirkpatrick, Lobb, and others, wrote 
 in favour of this nostrum ; and it was ultimately 
 bought by the British parliament for £5000. 
 
 STERA, Uterus. 
 
 STERCORA'CEOUS,S*e«o™'n"wi,J)iacAo- 
 ret'icus, Ster'eoral. from stercus, 'dung.' Fecal, 
 (F.) Stercoraire, Stercoral. 
 
 The French use the term Fistules stercoraires 
 
STERCORAIRB 
 
 801 
 
 STETHiEMIA 
 
 for those which are kept up by the constant 
 passage of fecal or stereorateous matter. The 
 name Stercoraires is sometimes given, in de- 
 rision, to those physicians, who are fond of 
 purging their patients: a posteriori has been, 
 similarly used. , ^ 
 
 STERCORAIRB, Stercoraceous. 
 
 STERCUS, Excrement, Fimus — s- Anseris, 
 Fimus anseris — s. Caninum album, Album 
 GrsECum — s. Diaboli, Asafceti^a — s. Equi non 
 castrati, Fimus. 
 
 Stekccs Huma'num, Homerda. Human ex- 
 crement. 
 
 Stekous Lacekts, Crocodilia. 
 
 STEREOCYST'IS, from oTigEo;, 'hard,' and 
 xvjTic, ' cyst.' A hard steatoma. 
 
 STEREOS, Solid. 
 
 STEREOT'ICA, from .rrffeoc, < hard.' For- 
 tuitous lesWs or deformities affecting the hard 
 parts. The 2d order, class Tyohica of Good. 
 
 STERILE, Ster'ilis, A'gonos, Aph'orus, 
 Aphor'icus, Abla'stes, Infecun' dus^ (E.) Sterile, 
 Same etymonas Sterilitas. Notproducing fruit : 
 infecund. 
 
 STERILIS, Sterile. 
 
 S'£'EKilL1'ikS,Agon'ia,Steiro'sis,Stiro'sis, 
 Agenne'sia, Agenne'sis, Infecun'ditas, Steril'- 
 ity,.Acye'sis, Bar'renness, Infecuv! dity , Apho'- 
 ria, Atec'nia, Atoc'ia, from otg^^o?, or arcpeog, 
 ' hard, barren.' Quality of that which is bar- 
 ren. Sterility may be absolute or relative. The 
 former depends upon some vitious conformation 
 of the genital organs, apparent or concealed, 
 and occasionally admits of cure. Sterility is 
 relative when a female does not Conceive with 
 one individual, bntdoes with another. Sterility 
 in females is often dependent upon a condition 
 of the uterus characterized by membranous 
 menstruation. 
 
 STERN ALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
 
 STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Stemo-clavicvn 
 la'ris. That which relates to the sternum and 
 clavicle. 
 
 STEENO-CLAVIC'uiiA-B ARTICULATION is the 
 
 union of the inner extremity of the clavicle 
 with a round facette at each side of the superior 
 extremity of the sternum. ■ In this articulation 
 there are, besides the incrusting cartilages, two 
 radiated sterna- clavicular^ (E.) Sterno-clavicu- 
 laires'rayonnees; one anterior, and one posterior 
 — an inter -clavicular ligwment, extending be- 
 tween the two clavicles, and two synovial cap* 
 sules, separated by. an inter-articular- fibro-car- 
 tilage. The costo-clavicular ligament may also 
 be considered to belong to this articulation. 
 
 STERNO-CI^A VIO-MASTOIDIEN, Ster- 
 no-cleido-mastoideus — s. Cleido-hyoideus, Ster- 
 no-hyoideus. 
 
 STERNO-CLEIDO-BRACHIALIS, Pectora- 
 lis major. 
 
 STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS, Ster- 
 no-mastoideus, Cleido-mastoldeus, ^astoideus^ 
 Masto'ideus anterior, Nuta'Cor cap'itis; (F.) 
 Sterno-clavio-rnastoidien, Sterno-mastoidien ; 
 from o-Tfjmv, 'the sternum,' itieic, 'the clavicle,' 
 and jMao-To;, ' the mastoid process.' A muscle si- 
 tuate at the anterior and lateral part of the 
 neck. It is long and flattened : simple, above : 
 and divided into two portions below j where it 
 is inserted into the anterior and superior part 
 of the sternum, and the inner quarter of the 
 clavicle. Above, it terminates at the mastoid 
 process, which it embraces, at the neigh- 
 
 bouring part of the temporal bone, and at the 
 outer third of the upper curved line of the oc- 
 cipital bone. It carries the head forward ; in- 
 clines, ^^nd rotates it to one side. When both 
 contract, they bend the head directly forwards. 
 
 STERNO-CaSTAL, Triangularis sterni— 
 J. Costo-davio-lmmiral, Pectoralis major — s. 
 Humeral, Pectoralis major. • 
 
 STERNO-HYUlDEUS, Sterno,cleido-hyoi- 
 deus, Sterno-hyoiaes, Jlyoides primus : from 
 cTTtjvov, 'the sternum,' and 'uo«i)i;t, 'the os hy- • 
 oides.' A muscle situate at the anterior part 
 of the neck ; inserted, above, at the inferior edge 
 of the body of the hyoid bone; belov?, into the 
 upper part of the posterior surface of the ster- 
 num; — at the posterior part of the sterno-clavi- 
 cular articulation, and sometimes into the car- 
 tilage of the first rib. It depresses the os hy- 
 oides. 
 
 S TERNO- MAS TOIDIEN, Sterno-cleido- 
 mastoideus — s. Pubiem, Rectus abdominis. 
 
 STERNO-THYROiDEUS, Sterno thyroides, 
 Bron' chilis. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
 part of the neck. It is attached, above, to the 
 oblique- line seen on the outer surface of the 
 thyroid cartilage ; and terminates, below, at the 
 upper part of the posterior surface of the ster- 
 num, and the cartilage of the second rib. When 
 it contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage 
 and OS hyoides, by the medium of the thyro- 
 hyoid membrane. 
 
 STERNODYNIA SYNCOPALIS, Angina 
 pectoris — s. Syncoptica et Palpitans, Angina 
 pectoris. 
 
 .STERNUM, Sternon, from D-Ttegof, 'solid;' 
 Pectus, Os asser seu pec'toris seii xiphoides seu 
 gladi'oli seu ensifor'me. Scutum cordis, Breast 
 Bone. An azygous symmetrical bone, situate 
 at the forepart of the chest. It is flat; broad 
 above; narrower in the middle; and terminates, 
 below, by a pointed cartilage-^the xiphoid. It 
 has an anterior or cutaneous surface, a, poster 
 rior or mediastinal — a superior or clavicular 
 extremity, and an inferior or abdominal. It is 
 articulated with the clavicles and th? seven up- 
 per ribs on each side, by means of their carti- 
 lages. According to Bfeclardj it is formed of 
 six principal bones, which he names, from their 
 position, \. Primi-sternal or ^ clavi-sternal : 2. 
 Duo-sternal: 3. Trirsternal. 4. Quarti-sternal : 
 5. Quinti-ster-Jiat : 6. Ultimi-sternal or ensi-s^er- 
 nal. 
 .■ STERNUMENTTJM, Sneezing. 
 
 STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptar- 
 mica, , . 
 
 STERNUT AMENTUM, Sneezing: 
 
 STERNUTATIO, Sneezing. 
 
 STERNUTATOIRE, Sternutatory. 
 
 STERISrUTATORY, Sternutato'rius, from 
 stemutare, ' to sneeze.' Sternutamen^tum, Er- 
 fhi'nwm, Ptar'micumi, Anarrhi'num, (F.) Ster- 
 'nutatoire. A substance which provokes sneezing; 
 — as tobacco, &c. — See Errhine. 
 
 STERTETJR, Stertor. 
 
 STERTOR, Ronchus or Rhonchus, Renchus, 
 Rkencus, (F-) Sterteur, Ronflement, from ster- 
 tere,' to snore.' The deep snoring which ac- 
 companies inspiration in some diseases, par- 
 ticularly in apoplexy. Such respiration is said 
 to be stertorous; Re'spira'tio stertuo'sa seu 
 stertens seu stertoro'sa. 
 
 ST RT^HJE.*MlA,IIypem'.mia Pulmo'numseii 
 Pec'toris, Conges'tio Pttlmonum seu Pectoiis, 
 
STETHOCATHARSIS 
 
 809 
 
 STIPATIO 
 
 (F.) Hyperemie des Poumans, Congestion des 
 Poumons. Hyperaeraia of the lungs. Con- 
 gestion or accumulation of blood in the pulmo- 
 nary vessels, 
 
 STETHOCATHARSIS, Expectoration. 
 
 STETHOCHYSIS, Hydrothorax.' 
 
 STETHODESMIS, Corset. 
 
 STETHODEBMIUM, Corset. 
 
 STETHODESMUS, Corset. 
 
 STETHORRHEUMA, Pleurodynia. 
 
 STETn'OSCOfE, Steikosoop'ium, Stkhos'- 
 copiim, Bchascop'iunt, Psophom'eterj Thoracos- 
 cop'ium, from o-ra^iit, ' the chest,' and a-mirw, 
 ' 1 examine.' An instrument invented by 
 Laennec, of Paris, for exploring the chest. 
 The stethoscope, sometimes called Pectoriloque, 
 is a cylinder of wood, from four inches to a foot 
 long; pierced through and thfough by a longi- 
 tudinal canal about a quarter of an inch in di- 
 ameter. The longer are generally composed 
 of two portions, that fit together by means of a 
 screw, one of which is hollowed at the extre- 
 mity, in the shape of a funnel. These two 
 portions being screwed to each other, the phy- 
 sician lays iold of the instrument, as he would 
 of a pen, puts the funnel-shaped extremity on 
 the chest of the patient, and applies his ear to 
 the other. To, explore the pulsations of the 
 heart, the funnel is plugged up by a piece of the 
 same kind of wood accurately adapted to it, and 
 pierced by a .canal of the same width as that in 
 the body of the instrument. Stethoscopes are 
 sometimes flexible, like the flexible ear-trumpet. 
 
 This mode of examining affections of the 
 chest, Steth'oscopy, Stethoscop'ia, &c., is what 
 Laennec terms Auscultation mediate, Medi- 
 ate Auscultation, 
 
 STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and 
 Stethoscope. 
 
 STETHUS, Thorax. 
 
 STEW, Stove. 
 
 STHENI'A, Steni'a, Diatk'esis 'stheii'ica, 
 Status sthen'icus, Vis aucta, from irSevot, 
 ' strength,' ' power.' Excess of strength ; ex- 
 citement of the organic actions. A word used, 
 especially by the Brunonians, as well as Asthe- 
 nia, — its antithetpn. Stkenicoi: dynamic diseases 
 are such as depend upon excessive excitement. 
 
 STHENICUS, Active. 
 
 STHENOPYRA, Synocha. 
 
 STIBI, Antimonium. 
 
 STIBIALIS, Antimonial. 
 
 STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIiE, Anti- 
 monium tartarizatum. 
 
 STIBII BUTYRUM,Antim6mummuriatum 
 — s. Deuto-murias sqblimatus, Afllimonium mu^ 
 ' riatum — s. et Potassae deuto-tartras, Antimo- 
 nium tartarizatum — s. Hydrosulphi^retum ru- 
 brum, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Oxi- 
 dum acido muriatico oxygenato paratum, Alga- 
 roth — s. bxidum album mediante nitro confec- 
 tum, Antimonium diaphoreticuiia — s. Oxidum 
 praecipitando paratum, Algaroth — s. Oxodes al- 
 bum, Antimonium diaphoreticum — s. Oxodes 
 sulphuretum, Antimonii sulphuretum prsecipi- 
 tatum — s. Oxydi sulphiirati hydjo-sulphuretum 
 luteum, Antimonii sulphuretum praecHpitatum — 
 s. Oxydtilati sulphuretum, Antimonii sulphure- 
 tum preecipitatum — s. Oxydulum vitreatum, 
 Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxydum semivitreum, 
 Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxydum sulphuratum, 
 Oxydum stibii sulphuratum— s. Subhydrosul- 
 phas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Sub- 
 
 murias praecipitando paratum, Algaroth — s. Sul- 
 phurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, Antimonii 
 sulphuretum rubrum — s. Sulphuretum nigrum, 
 Antimonium— s. Vitrum, Antimonii vitrum. 
 
 STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPHURETUM 
 CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum 
 prsecipitatum — s. Oxidum, Antimonium diapho- 
 reticum. , I 
 
 STIBIUM, Antimonium. 
 
 STICHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas. 
 
 STICKWORT, Agrimony. 
 
 STICTA PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo- 
 narius. 
 
 STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura. 
 
 Stiff Joints,' Milk sickness: 
 
 STIFFNECK, Torticollis. 
 
 STIGMA, Cioatricula. 
 
 STIGMATA, see Najvu^. 
 
 Stig'mata Ovario'kum, Cicatri'ces Ovario'- 
 rum. The cicatrices left in the ovary after 
 the escape of ova. 
 
 STILBOMA, Cosmetic. 
 
 STILLA, Gutta. 
 
 STILLATIO SANGUINIS E NARIBUS, 
 Epistaxis. 
 
 STILLICIDTUM, Sulstil'lum, from stillare, 
 'to drop.' This term is often used synony- 
 mously with Strangury . It means the flow of 
 any fluid — particularly the urine — drop by drop. 
 Also a kind of embrocation, Stillidd'ium supra 
 partem, effected by dropping a liquid upon a part. 
 
 Stillicidiijm Lachbymakum, Epiphora-^s. 
 Narium, Coryza — s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epis- 
 taxis — s. Supra partem, see Stillicidium. 
 
 STILLIN'GIA, S. sylvat'ica. Queen's Root, 
 Queen's delight. Yaw root, Mar'cory, Cociup 
 hat. An indigenous plant, which grows in 
 pine barrens, from Virginia to Florida. Sex. 
 Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. Nat. Ord. Eu- 
 phorbiaceae. The root is said to be used in sy- 
 philis, obstinate cutaneous affections, &c., like 
 sarsaparilla. 
 
 STIMATO'SIS, Stymatosis, Hamorrha' gia 
 Penis, Stymatorrha'gia, Phaltorrha'gia, Cau- 
 Idrrha'gia, from irru/ia, ' priapism,' itself from 
 iTTviiv, 'to erect.' Hemorrhage from the male 
 organ, accompanied or not with priapism. 
 
 STIMMI, Antimonium. 
 
 STIM'ULANT, Stim'ulans, Ex'citans, Ex- 
 ci'tant, In'citans, Incenti'vum, Irri'tans, Inci'- 
 tant, from stimulare, ' to goad.' A medicine 
 which has the power of exciting the organic 
 action of the different systems of the economy. 
 Some stimulants are diffusible; — that is, have a 
 prompt but temporary action ; others, are per- 
 manent or persistent. The action of stimulants 
 is called Stimulation, Stimula'tio, Jncita'tio. 
 
 The chief stiraulaiitS are the following:— 
 .^ther Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafoetida, Bru- 
 cia, Camphora, Capsicum, Castoreum, Cinna- 
 moraum. Copaiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum, Hydrar- 
 gyri Prseparata, lodinum, Nux Vomica, Olea 
 Essentialia, Opium (in small dose,) Piper, Si- 
 napis, Strychnia, Zingiber, — Alcohol, Caloric, 
 Electricity, Mental Emotions, (the Impetuous.) 
 
 STIM'ULUS, ' a goad.' Incitamen'tum, Ir-^ 
 rita'men, Irritamen'tum, Poten'tia Irri'tans. 
 Any thing which excites the animal economy. 
 
 STINK POKE, Dracontium fcetidum— s. 
 Weed, Chenopodium anthelminticum, Datura 
 stramonium, Polanisia graveolens. 
 STIPATIO, Stegnosis. 
 
STIROSIS 
 
 803 
 
 STOMATITIS 
 
 Stipatio Tel2e Cellulo's^e Infant'um. In- 
 duration of the cellular tissue of children. 
 
 STIROSIS, Sferilitas. 
 
 STITGH, Pleurodynia— s. Common, SutWe, 
 commoti — s. Royal, Suture, common — s. in the 
 Bide, Pleurodynia. 
 
 STIZOLOBIUM, Dolichos pruriens. 
 
 STLENGIS, Sti-idor dentium. 
 
 STOCHEION-, Element. 
 
 STOCKING, LACED, {f.) Bas lasse. A 
 bandage used by surgeons, which consists of a 
 stocking made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admit- 
 ting of being tightly laced anteriorly. It is 
 employed in varices and ulcers of the legs. 
 
 STCECHAS ARABICAjLavendulastoEchas. 
 
 STOMA, Mouth. 
 
 STOMAC'ACE, Slomatoe'aee, Stomal'gia, 
 Labrisul'ciumj Cheiloc'ac&j TJloc'acS, Cheiloma- 
 la'ciuj Stomatojio'ma, ^ioTnatonecro' sis , from 
 ffio/<«, 'the mouth,' and KOKo;, 'evil:' Cancer 
 Oris, Canker. FcEtor of the mouth with a 
 bloody dischaxgfe from the gums. • (F.) Can- 
 cer ^qwatique; see Cancer Aquaticus. Also> 
 Scui:vy. 
 
 Stomacace, Porphyra nautica — s. Gangfae- 
 nosum, Cancer aquaticus — s. Universale, _Pur- 
 pura haemorrhagica. 
 
 STOMACAL, Stomachal. ' 
 
 STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 STOMACH, Stom'achus, Ventric'ulus, Ne- 
 dyi,^ AnoQce'lia, Gaster, (F.) Estomac^ from 
 ajofii, ' a mouth.' One of the principal organs 
 of digestion. It is a musculo-membranous re- 
 servoir ; contmuous, on the one side, \yith the 
 oesophagus ; on the other, with the duodenum. 
 It is situate beneath the diaphragm, between the 
 liver and the spleen ; and occupies the epigas- 
 trium and a part of the left hypochondrium. 
 In it the food is converted into chyme. When 
 viewed externally, the stomach has, 1. An an- 
 terior face, which looks a little upwards. 9. 
 An inferior face, directed downwards. - 3. An 
 inferior or colic margin, which is convex and 
 extensive, and is called the greater curvature, 
 (F.) Grand courbure. It .gives origin to the 
 omentum majus. 4. A .superior or diaphrag- 
 matic margin,, which is shorter, concave, and is 
 called the lesser cur'uature, (F.) Petit courbure. 
 The lesser omentum is attached to this. 5. A 
 left or iBsopkageal orifice, called, also, the car- 
 dia, Os ventHc'uli or tipper orifice. 6. A right 
 or intestinal, or inferior orifice, called the py- 
 lorus. 7. A considerShle dilatation, situate to 
 the left of the cardia.and greater curvature^^ 
 the great tuberosity of the stomach; and, 8. A 
 less extensive dilatation, situate to tlje right of 
 the greater curvature,^^*Ae lesser tuberosity or 
 lesser cul-de-sac. Antrum Pylo'ri. The inner 
 surface of" the stomach is of a reddish- white 
 colour, and has a marbled appearance. It is 
 constantly covered by thick mucus, and is' 
 lined by a mucous membrane, which presents 
 numerous wrinkles. The parietes of the sto- 
 mach consist of three membranes in superpo- 
 sition. The outermost is serous: and is an ex- 
 tension of the peritoneum ; the middle coat is 
 muscular, — some of its fibres running longitu- 
 dinally ; others, transversely : the innermost 
 membrane is of a mucous nature, Crusta viilo'sa 
 ventric'uli, Gastro-mycpd'eris, but not exactly 
 a continuation of the membrane that lines the 
 (Esophagus. The mucous and muscular mem- 
 branes form, at the pylorus, a valve, called 
 
 the Pyloric valve. These three coats are united 
 by a dense, close, cellular membrane ; and, be- 
 tween the mucous and ihuscular coats, along 
 the two curvatures especially, is a quantity of 
 muciparous glands, cjiUed Glands of Brunner. 
 The arteries of the stomach are very numerous, 
 and proceed from the coronaria Ventriculi, the 
 pyloric, splenic, and right and left gastro-epip- 
 loic. The veins have me same name, and pur- 
 sue the same course as the arteries. They pour 
 their blood into the trunk of the vena porta. 
 Its lymphatic' vessels are very numerous, and 
 pass into ganglia, situate along the two curva- 
 tures. The nerves of the stomach proceed from 
 the pneijmogastric, and three, divisions of the 
 cttliac plexus. r 
 
 Stomach Disease,' Limosis. 
 . Stomach Pump, Gasiren'chyta, Antli'a gas'- 
 trica. A useful instrument for conveying fluids 
 to the Stomach, when deglutition is impracti- 
 cable, and for pumping up the contents of the 
 stomach. It consists of a forcing syringe, to 
 the bottom and nozzle of which flexible tubes 
 can be attached. When the object is ,to force 
 fluids into the stomach, the stomach-tube must 
 be attached to the nozzle, and passed dowp the 
 thrdat,^the tube- connected with the bottom 
 of the syringe being placed in the fluid to be in- 
 jected. To empty the stomach, the stomach- 
 tube must be attached to the bottom of the in- 
 strument. This instrument has been of great 
 service where poisons have been taken. The 
 antidote, when any exists, and is at hand should 
 be administered immediately prior to its use. 
 
 The stomach pump wa^. first employed in 
 America by Dr. Physick, in the year. 1812. 
 
 Stomach, Sick, Milk sickness — s. Tube, see 
 Tube, CESophageal. 
 
 %TOWKQ,^KL,Stomach'ic,Cardi'acus^Sto- 
 mach'icusj Stomucha'lis, Viseera'lis, (F.) Sto- 
 ,macal,Stomachique. That which belongs to 
 the stoma9h; that which is good fpr the sto- 
 mach; which strengthens the stomach; A me- 
 dicine that gives tone to the stomach. 
 
 STOMACHALGIA, Cardialgia. 
 
 STOMACHI RESGLUTIO, Dyspepsia. 
 
 STOMACHIC, Stomachal. 
 
 STOMACHIQUE, Stomachal. 
 
 STOM'ACHUS, from oro^, ' mouth.' This' 
 word has been used in several different accepta- 
 tions ; for example, for the oesophagus, for th~e car- 
 diac orifice of the stomath, (see Cardia,) and for 
 the Stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck of 
 the bladder g-xofAa)^!is w<rTia! ; and the neck of 
 the uterus tmc fisr^as a^ro/z.'J,x^c:. 
 
 STOM AX,'Gl,^,Stomatal'gia,Stomatodyn'{a, 
 from a-TOfia, 'mouth,' and a\yoc, ' pain.' Pain 
 in the mouth; Stomac'acS. 
 
 STOMA PYRA,Aphthae-^s. Aphtha, Aphths. 
 
 STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia. ~ 
 
 STOMAT'IC, Stomat'icus, from (rrojua, 
 'mouth.' A medicine used in diseases, &c., of 
 the mouth. ' Dentifrices, masticatories, &c., are 
 stomatics. 
 
 STOMATITE APHTIIEUSE, Stoi^atitis, 
 aphthous — s. Charbonneuse, Cancer aquaticus 
 — J. Couenneuse, Stomatitis, pseucjo-membra- 
 nous — s. Crimeuse pultacee, Aphthse — .^. Fotli- 
 culeuse, Stomatitis, aphthous-p5. Gangreiieuse, 
 Cancer aquaticus — s.Mercurielle, see Salivation, 
 mercurial — s. Ulcereuse, Stomatitis, aphthous. 
 
 STOMATI'TIS, from <rrvof,cc, ' the mouth,' 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. (F.) Injlam- 
 
STOMATOCACE 
 
 804 
 
 STRABOTOMY 
 
 mation de la Bouche; Inflammation of the 
 mouth.. 
 
 Stomatitis',, Aphthous, S. foiUc'ular, S. uV- 
 ctrous, Emphly'sis ,Aphthce,A. Aiulto'rUm,!^? .) 
 Stomatite, S. aphtheuse, S.folliculeuse, S: ul- 
 cereuse. An inflammation of the follicles Of 
 the.mouth, constituting the aphthsE of the adult, 
 which, is generally accompanied by cephalic, 
 gastric, and general disturbance. It may be 
 either descrete or confluent, and requires gene- 
 ral and local treatment, adapted to the case. 
 
 Stomatitis, Eetthem'atohs. Simple inflam- 
 mation of the mouth. 
 
 Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthae^s. Folli- 
 cular, S. aphthous — s. Gangrenous, Cancer 
 aquaticus. ♦ 
 
 Stomatitis, MEECir'niAL, Hydrargyrostom - 
 atis, Hydrargyrostomati'tis, Stomati'tis mercu- 
 rin'lis. Inflammation of the mouth induced 
 by mercury. 
 
 Stomatitis of Nursing-women appears to be 
 a variety of, S. aphthous. 
 
 Stomatitis, Pseudomem'beanou^, (F.) Sto- 
 matite coKenneu^e,Diphtherite buccale; Pseudo^ 
 membranous injlaminatioti of the tnouth; — in its 
 worst form, Stomatypkus, (F.) Fegante. In- 
 flammation of the mouth accompanied by the 
 exudation of a false membrane, — a Jisease 
 which is rarely seen except in large foundling 
 establishments. 
 
 Stomatitis, Ulcerous, S. aphthous — s.'Ve- 
 siculosa infantum, Apjithse. 
 
 STOMATOCACE, Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia. 
 
 STOMATOGASTRIC, Sio'maio-^ffljYricMi, 
 from cTTOua, 'the mouth,' and yoo-Tn/i, 'the sto- 
 mach.' Appertaining to the mouth and sto- 
 mach,-- ;-as the stomato-gastric ga!nglia of the 
 lower animals. 
 
 STOMATOMALACIA PUTRID A, Cancer 
 aquaticus. 
 
 STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, 
 Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATONOMA, Stomacace. 
 
 STOMATOPA'NUS, from anu.*, 'the 
 mouth,' and s-awo;, '.a glandular tumour.' Sto- 
 Tnatophy'rna glandidosum^ Panus Fat^ eiwm: 
 Tumefaction of the glands of the mouth. 
 
 STOMATOPHV'MA, from o-to^b, 'the 
 mouth,' and ifvuit, ' a swelling.' A swelling in 
 the mouth. 
 
 Stomatophtma Glandulosum-, Stomatopa- 
 nus. 
 
 STOMATOPLAS'TIC, .Stomatoplas'ticus ; 
 from <rro//.j, ' the mouth,'^and t^sito-bo, ' I form.' 
 The operation of forming a mouth, where the 
 aperture has been contracted' from any cause. 
 
 STOMA.TO'RRH.AG"lX,Stomatorrh(B'a,HcB- 
 7norrhag"ia oris, H, fau^cium, San'gtiinis pro- 
 Jlii'vium ex Ore, Htzmorrho'i'des Oris, Stdmato'- 
 sis, Sto7ftorrhag"ia, (F.) Hemorrhagie buccale, 
 from (rrofta, ' the mouth,' and griyrufj^i, ' I break 
 out,' Hemorrhage from the mouth. 
 
 Stomatorrhagia Alveolorum, Phatnorrha- 
 gia — -s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATORRHOEA, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 StOMATOSCOFE, from o-ro/Ka, ' mouth,' 
 and trxovsa, «I view.' Any instrument for 
 keeping the mouth open, so as to permit the 
 parts within to be inspected; Specuhim oris. 
 
 STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus. 
 
 STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STOMATOSPASMUS; Trismus. 
 
 S^TOMATYPHUS, Stomatitis, pseudomem- 
 branous. 
 
 STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoidefe. 
 
 STOMORRHAGIA,, Stomatorrhagia. 
 
 STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesi- 
 cal — s. Binder, Osteocolla — s. Crop, Sedum — s. 
 Crop, biting, Sedum^-s, Mint, Cunila mariana 
 — s. Pock, Acne — s. Root, Collinsonia Cana- 
 densis. ' , 
 
 STONES, THE, Testes. 
 
 STOOL, Dejectio. , 
 
 STORAX, Styrax — s. Liquida, Liquidambar 
 styraciflua. 
 
 STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empiri- 
 cal preparation, formed of calomel Qj, jalaj), 
 ^j, zingib. ^ij, sacch. §j, cinnab.- antim. q. s. 
 to colour 'Casm; syrup, simpl. q. s. to make into 
 cakes. 
 
 STORKBILL, Geranium maculatum. 
 
 STOVE. Old French Estuve, Stupha; a 
 Siew, JEstua'rium, (F.) Etuve. A linjited 
 space, warmed artificially, and in v^hich the air 
 is slowly renewed. It is used for drying va- 
 rious substances, as plants, extracts, conserves, 
 &c., or for taking vapour baths. In this case, 
 the stew or stove is said to be wet or humid; in 
 the opposite case, it is said to be dry, (F.) 
 shhe. The litter, which is used by the TurkSj 
 is the Lacon'icum or Calida'rium. of the Ro- 
 mans. The former is their Tepida'rium, or Va- 
 pora'rium. These kinds of baths greatly excite 
 the cutaneous transpiration; and are valuable 
 agents in rheumatic and other affections. 
 
 STRABI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABILISMOS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABIS'MUS, Stryabilis'mos, Parop'sis 
 Strabismus, from o-rg^ySos, ' twisted,' ' one who 
 squints;' Strabos'itas, lioxophthal'mius, Dis' 
 tor'sio, I/us'citaSy Illo'sis, Ilo'sis, Helo'sis, 
 Squinting, Goggle Eye^ (F.) Strdbisme, Vue 
 louche, Lovchement. Want of concordance of 
 the optic axes. It may be dependent upon na- 
 tural or acquired inequality in the action of the 
 motory muscles of the eye; on a convulsive 
 state of one of those muscles; a difierence in 
 the sensibility of the two eyes; or a cerebral 
 affection. In the treatment, if the disease seem 
 to depend upoij an excess of strength in one of 
 the motory muscles, we must endeavour to give 
 tone to that which is too weak, by placing be- 
 fore the eye a mask having a small aperture on 
 the side to which it is necessary to direct the 
 pupil ; OT by wearing glasses^ provided with a 
 piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the 
 eye is vitiously turned; so that the reflection 
 may be inconvenient, and occasion the organ 
 to be turned in an opposite direction; or by 
 putting a black patch on the angle opposite to 
 that to which the eye is turned. If owing to 
 weakness, the organ must be strengthened by 
 being exerted alone, and by leaving the other 
 at rest. If ^le disease be symptomatic of cere- 
 bral affection, attention must, of course, be di- 
 rected to the latter. 
 
 Those affected with Strabismus are called 
 Strabi, Strabo'nes, Strabo'ni, Strebli, lllif 
 Squin'ters; in Yxench, Louches, Bigles. 
 
 STRABONES, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABONI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOSITAS, Strabismus. 
 
 STRABOT'O^IIY, Strabotom'ia, from o-Tja- 
 
TO STRAIN 
 
 POS 
 
 STROMA 
 
 |9oc, ' one who squints,' and touk, ' incision-' 
 The operation for the removal of squinting by 
 the division of tlae muscle or mtiseles that dis- 
 tbrtrthe ey?-hall. 
 
 To STRAIN, eolare, (F .) coulerffromrT^nY- 
 yiir, stringere; (F.) estreindre, 'to constrict or 
 squeeze.' To pass decoctipns, infusions, &c., 
 forcibly through linen j also, to exert an effort. 
 This is accomplished by fixing firmly the parts 
 where the muscles to be exerted originate, in 
 order that their full power may be developed. 
 
 STRAINING, Nisus. 
 
 STRAITS OP THE PELVIS, see Pelvis. 
 
 STRAMOINE, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRAMONIUM, Daturi stramonium — s. 
 Majus album. Datura stramonium — s. Spino- 
 sum, Datura stramonium. 
 
 STRANGAL'IDES, from irTOK>>tuw, 'I tor- 
 ment.' Small, hard tumours,, which form in 
 the breast, when the milk does not find issue.- 
 
 STRANGALIOTSr, Tubercle. 
 
 STRANGALIS, Tuberble. 
 
 STRANGALISMUS, Strangulation. 
 
 STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, stran- 
 gers'. 
 
 STRANGULATIO, Orthopncea, Strangula- 
 tion — s.Uterina, Angone. 
 
 STRANGULATION, Strangada'tio, Pnix, 
 Pnig'mos-, Strangali_s'7mtS) (F.) ILtrangleTnevt ^ 
 Strangulation. State of a, part too closely 
 constricted. Thus we say that there is stran- 
 gulation of an intestinal hernia, Vifhen the 
 opening that gives passage to the portion of 
 protruded intestine contracts, so as to intercept 
 the continuity of the digestive cllnal. In he.gal 
 Medicine, it means, the forcible obstruction of 
 the air passages, by a ligature or, by the hand 
 for criminal purposes. See Suffocation. 
 
 STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides. 
 
 STRANGURIA, Enuresis— s. Cruenta, Cys- 
 torrhagia. 
 
 S TRANGXJRIE, Strangury— « . Menstruelle, 
 Dysmenorrhoea. 
 
 STRAN'GURY, Strangu'ria, Paru'riastilla- 
 ti"tia, from a-^gAyyuv, 'to squeeze,' and ou^or, 
 'urine;' Dysu'ria, Xfrvnce Stillicid'ium vel 
 Suhstil'him, (F.) Strangurie. Extreme diffi- 
 culty in evacuating the urine, which issues only 
 drop by drop, and is accompanied with heat, 
 pain, tenesmus at the neck of the bladder, &c. 
 See Ischuria, and Retention. 
 
 STRATHPEFFER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpfeffer^ a 
 few miles west fi-om Dingwall in Ross-shire, 
 Scotland. It contains sulphate of soda, sulphate 
 of lime, chloride of sodium, sulphate of magne- 
 sia, and sulpho-hydric acid. 
 
 STRATIOTES, Achillea raillefolinra. 
 
 STRATUM PROLIGERUM, Proligerous 
 disc. 
 
 STRAWBERRY, Fragaria—s. Bush, Euony-, 
 mus Americanus — s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus 
 — s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus. 
 
 STREATHAM,- MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Streatham is a village near London. The wa- 
 ters are saline and cathartic. 
 
 STREBLI, see Strabismus. 
 
 STREBLOSIS, Luxation. 
 
 STREMMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
 
 STREPITO'SUS MORBUS. 'Noisy dis- 
 pase.' A kind of flatulent disease,, said by Sor- 
 bait to be not uncommon in the Austrian Alps, 
 
 in which emphysematous tumours form on 
 different parts of the body, — accompanied by 
 sonorous excretions of gas by the mouth and anus. 
 
 STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 STRETCHING, Pandiculation. 
 
 STRI , Vibices — s. Ciliares, Ciliary pro- 
 cesses — s. Corneae, Tenia semicircularis — s. Re- 
 tinae subjectoa ligamento ciliari, Halo signatus 
 — s, Semilunares, Taenia semicircularis. 
 
 STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus- 
 cular fibre. 
 
 STKIATUS, Cannele , Grooved, see Corpora 
 striata. 
 
 STRIBILIGO, Efflorescence. 
 
 STRICTURA, Stricture— s. Ani, Stricture 
 of the rectum — s. Intestini recti, Stricture of 
 the rectum — s. Intestini recti spasmodica. Stric- 
 ture of the rectum, spasmodic — s. Oesophagi 
 callosa. Dysphagia constricta — s. CEsophagi 
 spasmodica, CEsophagismus — s. Pharyngis seu 
 cesophagi vera. Dysphagia constricta — s. Prae- 
 putii. Phimosis — s. Urethrae, Urethrostenosis. 
 
 STRICTURE, Strictu'ra, from stringers, 
 strietum, 'to tie hard.' C'oarcta'tio, Stegno'sis, 
 (F.) Retredssement. A, diminution or con- 
 tracted condition of some tube or duct,, as the' 
 oesophagus, rectum, urethra, kd- This must 
 be dilated by appropriate bougies. Strictures 
 may, also, occur in the intestines, &c. : they are 
 unmanageable, with the exception of those of the 
 rectum, which admit of topical a|)plications. 
 
 Steictuee of the (Esophagus, Dysphagia 
 constricta — s. of the Pharynx, Dysphagia con- 
 stricta. 
 
 SiEioTuiiE or THE Reotum,Spasmod'ic, Stric- 
 tu'ra Intesti'ni Recti spasmod'ica, Obstr?ic'tio 
 Recti spastica. An affection occurring in the 
 nervous especially, which subsides sponta- 
 neously, after a longer or shorter continuance. 
 
 Stricture of the rectum, Strictu'ra Ani seu 
 Intesti'ni Recti, Archostegvo'ma, Reqtosteno' sis, 
 Euthyente osteno'ma, Archostegno' sis, Archo- 
 steno'sis, Proctoencli'sis, Augusta! tio et Re- 
 sit ic'tio intestini recti vel ani, Stenocho'ricL in- 
 testi'ni recti, Proctosteno'sis organica, occurs 
 also organically, and is a very serious affection ; 
 being generally dependent upon scirrhus. 
 
 Stkictuep of the Stomach, Gastrosteno'sis, 
 Coarcta'tio ventrir.'uli. See Gaptrostenosis car- 
 diaca, &c. 
 
 Stricture of the Urethraj Urethrosteno- 
 sis — ,s. of the Urinary bladder, Cystostenocho-^ 
 ria — ^s. Vesicae urinariae, Cystostenochoria. 
 
 STRIDOR DENTIUM, Brygmus. 
 
 STRIGA CARTILAGINQSA CORDIS, 
 Isthmus of the fossa pvalis. 
 
 STRIGIL, Strig'ilis, h'tle-n'gis, Stelen'gis. A 
 flesh brush. 'Also, an instrument, anciently 
 used in the baths, for scraping off the sweat. 
 
 STROBILITI'TES, from ortio/^-wc, stro'bil- 
 ns, 'a cone of the pine.' Wine impregnated 
 with the cones of the pine. 
 
 STROEMIA, Cadaba. 
 
 STROKE, APOPLECTIC. An apoplectic 
 seizure. 
 
 Stroke, Back, of the Heart, Impulse, dia- 
 stolic. 
 
 Stroke, Paralyt'ic. A sudden attack of en- 
 cephalo-spinal paralysis. 
 
 STROMA, Strag'tdum, Stramen'tum; from 
 o-TpiTivvi'c , (TT'UDVvu^i,' ' to spread out; to cover.' 
 The bed or foundation texture of an organ, — 
 as the stroma of the ovary. Applied, also. 
 
STROMBULCUS 
 
 806 
 
 STRYCHNOS 
 
 to the bed or base of any deposit — ^as the 'amor- 
 phous stroma' of scrofulous xleposits. 
 STROMBUtCTIS, Forceps (bullet.) 
 STROIfGLE, Strongylus— s. Geant, Stron- 
 gylus gigas. 
 
 STRON'GYLUS, from czQoyyvM;, 'round.' 
 Hippocrates, Chabert, and others mean the 4*'- 
 caiis lumbricoi'des by this term. The Strongy- 
 lus Gigas, (F.) Strangle, S. geant, is, however, 
 distinct. It has an obtuse, flat. head; moiith, 
 surrounded with six fiattish papillse: the whple 
 bursa of the male, truncated: the tail of the fe- 
 male rounded. It is sometimes met .with, — ^five 
 inches, a foot, a foot and a half, and even three 
 feet long,-^and from two lines to half an inch 
 in diameter. It is occasionally found in the 
 human kidney; rarely in other viscera, and 
 still niore rarely in the intestinal tube.. 
 
 Steomgyltjs, Teres. ' ' i 
 
 STROPHOS, Tormina. 
 
 STROPHULE, Strophulus. 
 
 STROPH'XJLUS, IAche7ii' dsis stroph'ulus, 
 Ehullit"io, Exanthe'viO' strophulus, Expr'niia 
 strophulus , Red Gum, Red Gown, Tooth Rash, 
 White Gzcm, Milk-spots, (F.) Strophnle, Feiix 
 de denls. ' It consists of an eruption of- red, or 
 sometimes whitish pimples; occurring in early 
 infancy, chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, 
 surrounded by a reddish halo ; or ipterrupted by 
 irregular patches of cutaneous blush. All the 
 varieties under this genus arjse in consequence 
 of the extreme vascularity and irritability of 
 the skin at thi^ period of life, when the consti- 
 tution is liable to be disturbed by irritation, 
 either in the alimentary canal, gums or other 
 parts. None of these eruptions are of any im-' 
 portance, and no medical treatment is usually 
 necessary. If the stomach seem at all disor- 
 dered, a little rhubarb and magnesia may be ad- 
 ministered occasionally. Willan and Bateman 
 reckon five species, — Strophulus intertinc'tus, 
 Red gum or gow?t; S. al'bidus or white gwm ; 
 S. confer'tus or rani: red gum. Tooth rash; S. 
 volat'ieus or Erytht'ma, volat'icum, and^. can'- 
 didus,^ 
 
 Strophulus Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus — 
 s. Vola'ticus, Ignis sylvaticus. 
 
 STROPHUS, Tormina. 
 
 STRUCTIO, Struclura. 
 
 STRUCTURE, Structu'ra, Struc'tio, Con- 
 forma'tio, Cmtasceu'e, from struere, strnctwm, 
 ' to build.' The arrangement of the different 
 tissues or organic elements of which animals 
 and vegetables are .composed. 
 
 STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula. 
 
 Struma Adipo'sa, Obes'itas colli. Fatty 
 neck. Prominence of the neck from obesity. 
 
 STRUMESj Scrofula. 
 
 STRUMEXJX, Scrofulous. 
 
 STJIUMOSIS CEREfeRI, Encephalophy- 
 mata— s. Pulnionum, Tubercles of the lungs. 
 
 STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous. 
 
 STRUMOUS, Scrofulous. 
 
 STRUTHIOPH'AGUS, from araw^iov, 'a 
 young ostrich.' and cpayw, ' I eat.' Struthiopha- 
 gous tribes still exi^t in some parts of Africa. 
 
 STRUTHIUM, Saponaria. 
 
 STRUVE'S LOTION FOR HOOPING- 
 COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping- 
 cough. 
 
 STRYCHNIA, Strychnina. 
 
 STRYCHNINE, Strychni'na, Stryeh'nia, 
 Strychni'num, Strych'niiim, Vattqueline, An 
 
 alkaline principle ; solid, crystalline, inodorous, 
 bitter, and excessively poisonous, which has 
 been discovered in the StrycArao* nux ■uomiha. 
 {Nucis vomica, rasur. Ibiv; calcis pulv. ^vj; 
 acid, muriat, f. ^iij;- alcohol., acid^ sulphuric, 
 dil.j'liquor. ammonicer carbon, animal, purif., 
 aqua, aa, q.s. Digest the nux vomica in two 
 gallons of water, acidulated with a fluidounce 
 of muriatic acid, for 24 hours : then boil for two 
 hours, and strain with expces^ion through a 
 strong linen bag. Boil the residuum twice 
 successively in the same quantity of acidulated 
 vvater, each time straining- as before. Mix the 
 decoctions, and evaporate to the consistency of 
 thin syrup; then add the lime previously mixed 
 with a pint of water, and boil for ten minutes, 
 frequently stirring. Pour the mixture into a 
 double linen bag, and having' washed the pre- 
 cipitate well with water, press, dry, and powder 
 it'. Treat the powder repeatedly with boiling 
 alcohol, until deprived of its bitterness ; mix 
 the liquors and distil off the alcohol by means of 
 a water bath. Mix the residue with water, and 
 having applied heat, drop in sufficient diluted 
 "sulphuric acid to neutralize and' dissolve the 
 strychnia; then add purified animal charcoal; 
 boil for a few minutes, filter, evaporate, and 
 crystallize. Dissolve the crystals in water, and 
 add sufficient solution of animonia to precipi- 
 tate the strychnia. Lastly, dry the precipitate 
 on bibulous paper. Ph. U. S.) The medical 
 action of strychnia on man and animals is ex- 
 actly like that of the alcoholic extract of nux 
 vomica. Itris, however, more active. An eighth 
 of a grain is sufficient to kill a large dog ; and 
 a quarter of a grain produces marked effects on 
 the human body, when in health. It has bee.n 
 given in paralysis and other cases like the nux 
 vonfticd. Dose, gr. one-twelfth to -one-eighth. 
 
 The Acetate of Strychnia, the lodate in the 
 3ose of one-eighth of a grain ; the Nitrate and 
 the SnlpJiate\a.ve been given in the same, cases 
 as pure strychnia. 
 
 STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara— s. Gui- 
 anensis, see Curare. 
 
 Strychnos Nux Vom'ica, JSfux Vomica, Nux 
 Metel'la, Caniram, Ko&chla Tree. Family, 
 Strychnoidese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
 gynia. {'S.) Vomiquier. A tree of the family 
 Strychno%des which grow^ in India,_ and the 
 seeds of vfhich have been long sold in the shops, 
 under the names, Nux Vomica, Vomic nut, Poi- 
 son nut. Bachelors' buttons, &c., (Y.) Noix 
 vomique. For a long time, these seeds were 
 used only for poisoning rats ; but, of late years, 
 an alcoholic extract has been prepared from 
 them, which has been administered in paralytie 
 affections, in small doses. Dose ofthe alcoholie 
 extract, Extrac'tum nucis voTn'iqce spirit tto'swm, 
 E. nucis vomiccB resino'sitm, E.n.-D, alcohol'- 
 icum-, (F.) Extrait alcoholique de noix vomigufi, 
 one or two grains. It produces a kind of tetanic 
 convulsion in the paralyzed parts, when given 
 to the requisite extent. It has, also, been ad- 
 ministered in chronic diarrhcea and dysentery. 
 The following is the formula for the preparation 
 of the Extrac'tum Nucis Vom'icjs of the 
 Pharm. U. S. (1842.) Take of Nwx vomica, 
 ftj ; Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Expose the 
 Niix Vomica to steam till it is softened; then, 
 having sliced and dried it, grind it into powder. 
 Introduce it into an apparatus for displacement, 
 and pour alcohol upon it gradually, until the 
 
STRYPPNA 
 
 807 
 
 STYLO-MASTOID 
 
 liquid jiasses without bitterness. Distil off the 
 greater part of the alcohol ff om the filtered 
 liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper 
 consistence. 
 
 The wood of Strycknos Volubri'na, an Indian 
 tree, contains strychnia. It was formerly con- 
 sidered a specific against the bites of venomous 
 animals ; and was recommended by Boeirhaave, 
 in intermittents. It is the Lignum Colubri'- 
 num, (F.) Bois de Pouletivre. ^ 
 
 Stkychnos Toxicaria, see Curare. , 
 
 STRYPHNA, Astringents. 
 
 STRYPHNOS, Acerb. 
 
 STUDIOSCS MEDICIN^E, Philiatros. 
 , STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 
 STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa. 
 
 STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 STULTITIA, Fatuitas. 
 
 STUNNED. Old French Estonne, (L.) atto- 
 «»'«««,' astonished.' (F.) £tonni. An epithet, 
 applied to one, who, in consequence of a fall or 
 other accident, has received such a concussion 
 of the brain as to deprive him, for a time, of his 
 mental manifestations. 
 
 STUPA, Stuphof, Stuppa, Stupei'on. Tow, 
 used in certain surgical apparatus and dressings i 
 Also, a Stupe, that is, cloth or tow used in fo- 
 mentations. A flannel, wrung out of hot Water, 
 and applied to a part, is a stupe. 
 
 STUPE, Stupa. 
 
 STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
 
 STUP:&FACTIFS, liaicotics. 
 
 STUPEF ACTIO, Narcosis. 
 
 STUPe.FI ANTS, Narcotics. 
 
 STUPEION, Stupa. 
 
 STUPEUR, Stupor. 
 
 STUPHA, Stove, Stupa. 
 
 STUPlA, Tin. 
 
 STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility. , 
 
 STUPOR, Ecphx'is, Ecplex'ia, Consterna'- 
 lio, (F.) Stupeur, from stzipere, 'to be stupified.' 
 Diminished activity of the intellectual faculties ; 
 often amounting to lethargy. It occurs in many 
 affections, especially in the neuroses. 
 ' Stupor, Narcosis — s. Artuum, Obdormitio — 
 s. Dentium, Haemadia — s.Formicans, Formica- 
 tion. — s. Mentis, Fatuitas — s. Vigilans, Cata- 
 lepsy. 
 
 STUPPA, Stupa. 
 
 STUPRUM, Rape, (¥.)- Defloration, Viol. 
 Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a married or 
 unmarried female. When committed upon the 
 latter, which is most commonly the case, it is 
 also called, Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio, Devirgi- 
 Jia'tio, Vitia'tio, Apanthis'mus, &c, In judging 
 whether rape has been committed under such 
 circumstances, the state of the genital organs; 
 the age of the individual; and the possibility of 
 accidents and diseases of the parts, will have 
 to be considered. It will be necessary, also, to 
 be acquainted with the evidences of virginity; 
 and to determine, — if signs of virginity no 
 longer exist, — whether its loss be attributable 
 to copulation, or to the introduction, into the 
 vagina, of any other body than the male organ, 
 &c. Recent deflowering can,oicomse,hema<i\i 
 more readily distinguished than that which has 
 taken place some time. 
 
 STY AN, Hordeolum. 
 
 STYE, Hordeolum, 
 
 STYGMATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed 
 this word, or Stigmates, from o-r/yja*, ' a mark,' 
 to designate the marks, in form of cicatrices, 
 
 which remain on the peritoneum after the obli- 
 teration of the neck of the, hernial sac. They 
 are, commonly, radiated folds, of a whitish ap- 
 pearance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous 
 or fibro-cartilaginous nature. 
 
 SrFI,ET,,Specillum. 
 
 STYLI, Styloid processes. 
 
 STYLIFORM, Styloid. 
 
 STYLOiCERATOIDES,StyIo-hyolaeus— s. 
 Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus. 
 
 STYLO-CHONDRO-HYO'lDEUS. A name 
 given, by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fas- 
 ciculus, , which the stylo-hyoid muscle some- 
 times presents, arid which is attached to the 
 lesser cornn of the os hyoide^. It is the same 
 fasciculus vyhieh Santorini calls Stylo-hydi'dis. 
 novus, Stylo-Jiyo'ideus alter. 
 
 STYLO-GLOSSUS. A muscle situate at 
 the anterior and superior patt of the neck. It 
 is narrow behind; much broader before ;, and is, 
 attached to the styloid process of the temporal 
 bofie, and to the stylo-i.iiaiillary ligament j and 
 is inserted into the side of the tongue. It raises 
 the base of the tongue and carries it backwards. 
 
 STYLO-HYOIDEUS, Stylo-hyoldien, Stylo- 
 cer' ato-hyo'ideus, Stylo-cerat&i' des , Stylo-hyo'i- 
 des major. A muscle situate at the superior, 
 anterior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin 
 and narrow, — especially posteriorly: anteriorly, 
 it opens to give passage to the tendon of the di- 
 gastricus. It is attached to the styloid process 
 of the temporal bone, and to th6, body' of the os 
 hyoides. It raises the os hyoides, and carriesit 
 backwards. 
 
 Stylo-hyoid Ligament is a fibrous, flattened 
 cord, which passes from the styloid proces^ to 
 the lesser cornu of the os hyoides. ' ' 
 
 •Stylo-hyoid Nerve is the second branch 
 given off by the facial nerve. 
 
 STYLOID, Sty'Uforpi, StyloVdes, GraphioV- 
 des, Graphoides, Graphio' des, Graphido'l'des, 
 BelqnA'des, from o-tujioc, 'a style,', 'a peg,' 'a 
 pin,' and e/Joc, ' shape.' Shaped like a peg or pin. 
 
 Styloid CornuaJ see Hyoides os. 
 
 Styloid Prog''esses, ' Pencil-lihe Processes, 
 Proces'sus Pelo'ides seu Belem7ioides sen Belo- 
 no'i'des seu Graphio'bdes seu Grapho'l'des, Styli, 
 are, 1. A long and slender procesDof the tempo- 
 ral bone, to which are attached the stylo-glos- 
 •sus, stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus mus- 
 cles ; and the stylo-hypid' and stylo-maxillary 
 ligaments. 2. Two slender and pyramidal pro- 
 cesses at the inferior extremities of the radius 
 and ulna. 
 
 STYLO-MASTOID,Siy/o-OTaifoWra5. That 
 which relates tg the styloid and mastoid pro- 
 cesses. -, ' 
 
 Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from the pos- 
 terior auricular, and, in some subjects,(from the 
 occipital. It enters the stylo-mastoid foramen ; 
 passes along the aqueduct of Fallopius, and 
 spreads its ramifications on the mucous mem- 
 brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid 
 cells, and semi-circular cai;ials; and terminates 
 by anastomosing with a branch, of the Arteria 
 meningsea media, which enters' by i\ie Hiatus 
 Fallopii. Murray has given the name — Stylo- 
 mastoid — to the posterior auricular artery itself . 
 
 Stylo-mastoid FoRA'MEN,Pbra?reere Stylo-fnas- 
 toideumoiF. Aqusidue'tus Fallo'pii. (F.) Trait 
 anonyms, is situate at the inferior surface of the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, between 
 the styloid and mastoid processes. It terminates 
 
STYLO-MAXILLARY 
 
 808 
 
 SUBCLAVIAN 
 
 the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to 
 the facial'nerve. > 
 
 STYLO-MAX'ILLARY, Stylo-mamiUa'Hs. 
 That which relates to the styloid processes and 
 jaw. 
 
 The Sttlo-Maxillaet Ligament is a liga- 
 mentoBS, flat cord, exteadingi between the sty- 
 loid process and the angle of the jaw. 
 
 STYLO -PHARYNGEUS, (F.) Stylo-thyro- 
 pharyngien. A muscle,, situate at the ailterior 
 and lateral part of the neck. It is slender;- thin, 
 aboVe ; attached to the styloid protess of the 
 temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes 
 of the pharynx, as well as at the posterior mar- 
 gin of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pha- 
 rynx, and carries it backwards. Professor 
 Chaussier has united, under the name Stylo- 
 pharyjigien, the three constrictor muscles of the 
 (jharyiuf, the stylo-pharyngeus, and palato-pha- 
 ryngeus. 
 
 STYLO-THYRO-PHARYNGIEN. Sty- 
 lopharyngeus. 
 
 STYLUS, Sound. 
 
 Stylus Exoava'tus, Spociflum excuva'tum. 
 A hollow sound. 
 
 STYMA, Erection, Priapismus. 
 
 STYMATOSIS, Stimatpsis. 
 
 STYM'MATA, from irx<,ij.^t, 'that which 
 constricts or thickens.' The-most solid oint- 
 ments. Also, the ingredients proper for in- 
 creasing their consisterice. 
 
 STYPSIS, Astriction, Constipation. 
 
 STYPTERX^, Alumen, Styptics. 
 
 STYPTIC, EATON'S. A name first given 
 to Hdvetius's Styptic, when introduced into 
 Great Britain. It is now usually made of cal- 
 cined green vitriol, 3j ; proof spirit, tinged with 
 a little oak bark, Oij. 
 
 Styptic, Helvetius's, see Ferrum tartariza- 
 tum. 
 
 Styptic, Ruspini's. A nostrum said to con- 
 sist of gallic acid, a small quantity of sulphate 
 of Zinc and Opium, dissolved in a mixture 
 of alcohol and rose water, which has had much 
 reputation as an internal and external astrin- 
 gent. 
 
 Styptics, Contraken'tia, Constrieti'va Medi- 
 ramen'taj Coltstringen'tia, Anastal'tica, Styp- 
 te'ria, from orii<tc>, 'I constringe.' .Sometimes 
 used synonymously with astringent, but gene- 
 rally applied to a substance employed to arrest 
 hemorrhage,. — Enee'mon. A mechanical styptic 
 is one that arrests the flow of blood, by being ap- 
 plied immediately to the mouth of the bleeding 
 vessel, or by inducing a coagulum, mecKanical- 
 lil, in the vessel. A ehymical styptic is one 
 which coagulates, chymically, the blood around 
 a bleeding orifice. 
 
 STYRAC-'INUM 0,'LEUM. Oil ob.tained 
 by boiling storax in good olive oil. 
 
 STYRAX, from o-TUfaf, 'a reed,' in which it 
 was preserved. A resm obtained from the Sty- 
 rax offcina'U, and S. calami'ta. It is the solid 
 storax ; — officinal storax. There are two kinds 
 of storax' met with : 1 . The 'Red Storax, Gum 
 Storax, Thus Jvdcso'rnm, Styrax rubra, Styra'- 
 ris hal'samum, Balsamtim styraeis officinalis, 
 which is obtained by incision from the Sty rax- 
 offidna'lS, and, perhaps, from the Liquidam'bar 
 orienta'lis. The purest is in tears ; but it has 
 lost some of its smell in drying. 2. Common 
 storax, Styrax calami'ta. That which has 
 been received in reeds or vessels, and has had 
 
 saw-dust added immediately to thicken it. The 
 odour of Storax is fragrant : the taste aromatic. 
 It >is considered, like the other balsams, to be 
 stimulant and expectorant, but is rarely used 
 long. 
 
 Pu'SiFiED Storax, S. cola'ta, S. purifica'ta, 
 is prepared by dissolving storax in- alcohol; 
 straining the solution; then distilling off' the 
 alcohol with a gentle heat, until the storax 
 acquires the proper consistence. — Ph. U. S. 
 Dose, gr. x to xxx. 
 
 Styeax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — 
 s. Benzoin, see Benjamin — s. Liquida, Liquid- 
 ambar styraciflua. . 
 
 STYSIS, Erection, PriapismuS. 
 
 SUAVEOLENS, Beneolens: ; 
 
 SUB. A common Latin prefix, signifying 
 'beneath.' 
 
 SUBAC'TIO, Chiro'sis, Cheirosis. The ope- 
 ration of making plasters, extracts, &c., with 
 the hand, or with the pestle and mortar. 
 
 SDBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia. 
 
 SUBAGITATRIX, Tribade. 
 
 SUB-ATLOIDEUS, Infra-atloUeus , (F.) 
 Sous-atl&idien. That which is situate beneath 
 the atlas or first cervical vertebra. Chaussier 
 has given this name to the\,second pair of cer- 
 vical nerves. 
 
 SUB-AXOIDEUS,iB/>a-aa;oae2ii,(F.)So«j- 
 axo'idien. That which is below the axis or 
 vertebra dcntata. Chaussier has given this 
 name to the third pair of cervical nerves. 
 
 SgBBORAS NATRICUM, Borax. 
 
 SUBCARTILAGINEUM, Hypochondre. 
 
 SUBCLA'VIAN, Subclavius, ' Subclavicu- 
 la'ris, from sub, ' under,' and clavis, ' the cla- 
 vicle.' That which is under the clavicle. 
 
 Sjjbclavian Akteries, (Y.)^Arteres sous- 
 clavieres, are situate' at the upper part of the 
 chest, and the lateral and lower parts of, the 
 neck. The right arises at the corresponding 
 side of the trachea, and comes off' from the 
 arteria innominata or brachio-cephalic trunk. 
 The left leaves the aorta at the end of the arch. 
 Both extend as far as the superior surface of the 
 first rib, in the space between the scaleni mus- 
 cles, beyond which they take the name axilldry 
 arteries. The subclavian arteries run, for some 
 distance, without sending off' any branch. In 
 the neighbourhood of the first rib, however, 
 they give off, 1. 'n'pmards,Vae vertebral and in- 
 ferior thyroideal. 'Z. Downwards, the internal 
 mammary, find superior intercostal. 3. Out- 
 wards, the transverse cervical or posterior sca- 
 pular, the superior scapular, and the posterior 
 cervical or profunda. 
 
 Subclavian or Subclavius MCtscle, Sjib- 
 clavia'nus, (F.) Costo-claviculaire (Ch.) Sous- 
 clavier, is situate at the superior and anterior 
 part of the chest. It is attached, by its-inner 
 extremity, to the superior surface of the carti- 
 lage of the first rib ; and by it^ superior margin 
 and outer extremity to the inferior surface of 
 the clavicle. This muscle depresses the cla- 
 vicle, and carries it forward. '\¥hen the shoul- 
 der is fixed, it can raise the first rib. 
 
 Subclavian 'Veins. (F.) Veines sou-s-clavieres, 
 are continuations of the axillary, and extend 
 from the inferior extremity of the scalenus an- 
 ticus, in front of which they pass, to the vena 
 cava superior, which they form by their union. 
 The right subclavian vein is very short : the 
 left, longer and broader. These veins receive 
 
SUBCLAVICULA 
 
 809 
 
 SUBMAXILLARY 
 
 the mouths of the interna^and external jugulars, 
 vertebral and superior intercostal. The left 
 subclayian receives two veins more than the 
 right, — the left internal mammary and left in- 
 ferior thyroid. The thoracic duct opens into 
 the left subclavian: — the corresponding great 
 . lymphatic vessel into the^ right. 
 
 SUBCLAVICULA, f lom stii, 'under,' and 
 olavicula, ' the clavicle.' The first rib. 
 SUBCLAVICULARIS, Subclavian. 
 SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle. 
 SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somevifhat bloody;' from 
 sub, and crue7itus, ' bloody j' Hyphs'mos. That 
 which has the colour and nature of blood. An 
 epithet given to certain excreted substances, 
 vphich are mjxed with blood, or have the ap- 
 pearance of blood. 
 
 SUBCIlURiEI,'see Cruraeus. 
 . SUBCUTA'N'EOUS, Subcuta'neus,ixom sub, 
 ' under,' and cutis, ' the skin ;' Intercuta'^iens, 
 (F.y Sous-aitane. That which is placed im- 
 mediately under the skin. 
 
 SUBDELIRIUM, Typhomania. 
 
 SUB'DJTA, SubdiWHa, from subdere, ' to 
 put under;' Pros'theta. Medicines introduced 
 into some one of the natural apertiires; — as 
 suppositories, pessaries, &c, 
 
 SUBD'ITITIA, Subdita. 
 
 SUBDUCTIO, Dejection. 
 
 SUBER, CoryJ;— the bark of the Quercus 
 Suber or Cori Tree. (F.) Liege. Family, 
 Amentaceae. Sex. Syst. Moncecia Polyandria. 
 Cork, when burnt, is applied as a mechanical 
 styptic to bleeding piles, &c. Surgeons' use it 
 for making tents; and it has been recommend- 
 ed to be worn as an afnulet to suppress the se- 
 cretion of milk ! 
 
 SUBETH, Coma. 
 
 SUBFRONTA'LIS, SUTU'JIA. A suture, 
 resulting from the articulation of the os frontis> 
 with the nasal process of the superior maxillary 
 bone, and the proper bones of the nose. 
 
 STJBGRONDATION, Depression. 
 
 .SUBHUMERATJO, Catomismos. 
 
 SUBIGATOR, Tnbade. 
 
 SUBINFLAMMATIO.Subinflammation— s. 
 Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic. 
 
 SUBINFLAMMA'TION, SuHnflamm^'tio, 
 from sub, 'under,' and inflammatio. , Injlmn- 
 matiim' tula, Hypophlegma' sia. A mild degree 
 of inflammation, so slight as hardly to deserve 
 the name inflammation. Broussais understood 
 by the term, an augmentation in the vital phe- 
 nomena of the vessels that convey white blood. 
 Lymphatic engorgements, scrofula, herpes, and 
 cancer he considered subinflammations. 
 
 SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, from sub, ' un- 
 der,' and intrare, ' to enter.' Communican'tes 
 febres. Fevers primarily intermittent, whose 
 paroxysms approximate, so that one paroxysm 
 begins ^efore that which preceded it has gone 
 through its stages. — L. Bellini. 
 
 SUBJEE, see Gunjah. 
 
 SUBLIGACULUM, Truss. 
 
 SUBLIGATURA, Truss. 
 
 SUBLIMAMENTUM, Enseorema. 
 
 SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 ^VSLlM.kT\0^,Sublima'tio,Meteoris'mus, 
 Hypso'sis, from sublimo, 'I raise up.' An 
 operation by which dry and solid matters are 
 volatilized and condensed at the upper part of 
 a subliming apparatus. The oxymuriate of 
 53 
 
 mercury, sal ammoniaCj &c. are commonly ob- 
 tained by sublimation. The product of subli- 
 mation is a Sub'limate, iublima'tum, (F.) Sub- 
 
 SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, Hydrargyri 
 oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLIME, Sublimis. 
 StTB iJilfA'^EnaBorema, Subjimate — s. Corro- 
 sif, Hydrargyri oxymurias. 
 
 SUBLI'MIS, (F.) Sublime, 'high, elevated, 
 superficial.' Anatomists have given the name 
 sublimis to certain muscles, which are situate 
 more superficially than their kindred muscles. 
 These last they have called profundi. Of the 
 former, the flexor sublimis' digitorum is an ex- 
 ample. 
 
 The French use the term ' respiration sub- 
 lime ' for the respiration which is accompanied " 
 by, considerable, elevation of the ,ribs, and with 
 separation of the alse nasi at the time of inspi- 
 ration. " ' 
 
 SUBLINGUA, Uvula. 
 
 SUBLIN'GUAL, Suilingua'lis,(F.) Sotfs- 
 lingual, from swb,'~\' iinder,' and lingua, ' the 
 tongue.' That which isseated under the tongue. 
 
 SuBLiNSUAi. Arteey, with some is the Lin- 
 gual. With others, it is a branch given oif by 
 the lingual opposite the genio-glossus muscle, 
 which is distributed particularly , to the,sublin- 
 gual gland, to the mylo-hyoid, and genio-glos- 
 sus muscles, &c. 
 
 Sdblinguai, Gland, Glan'dida sublingua'Us, 
 . G. Bartholiiiia'na, G. Rivinia'na, is seated in 
 the substance of Jhe inferior paries of the mouth, 
 beneath the anterior part of the tongue. It is 
 smaller than the submaxillary, of which it fre- 
 quently seems to be only a prolongation. It is 
 oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered 
 by themucous membrane of the mouth, beneath 
 which it projects^ This gland has 10 or 12 ex- 
 cretory, ducts — Ductus Rivinia'ni seu Walthe- 
 ria'ni- — some of which open beneath the friEnum 
 linguae, joining Wharton's duct, whilst others 
 pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth se- 
 parately. It has the same structure as the pa- 
 rotid. 
 
 SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula. 
 
 SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis. 
 
 SUBLUXATIO, Sprain. 
 
 SUBMAXILLARY, Submaxilla'ris, Tnfra- 
 maxilla'Hs, (F.) Sous-maxillairs, from suh, 
 'imder,' and rnaxilla, 'the jaw.' -That which 
 is seated beneath the jaw. 
 
 SuBaTAXiLLABT Ganglion is a small nervous 
 ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It seem* 
 to be formed by the si*perior branch of the Vi- 
 dian nerve,, arid communicates with the lingual 
 nerve of the inferior maxillary. Its filaments 
 form a plexus which penetrates the submaxil- 
 lary gland. _ J ' ' 
 
 .Submaxii:.i.aet^Glamd, Max'illary Gland, 
 Hypognath' aden, is a salivary gland, less than 
 the parotid, seated at the inner side of the ramus 
 and body of the inferior maxillary bone, in the 
 triangular space between the two bellies of the 
 digastricus. Irregularly ovoid, and flattened 
 on three surfaces, it has the same aspect and 
 organization as the other salivary glands. Jts 
 excretory duct is called Wharton's Duct, and 
 terminates at the side of the frsenum lingUEE, 
 by a very small orifice. It is also called Difcr 
 tus inferior. 
 
SUBMENTAL 
 
 810 
 
 SUBSULTtJS TENDINUM 
 
 SUBMEN'TAL, Siihmmta'Hs, (F.) Sous- 
 mental, from suh, f under,' and meutnm, 'iiA 
 chin.' Situate under the chin. 
 
 Submental Artery is fui;nished by the fa- 
 cial, near the base of the jaw. It passes for- 
 wards along the attachment of the mylo-hyoi- 
 deus, to which it furnishes bjranches that' cross 
 it, to anastomose with those of the sublingual. 
 Near the median line it bifurcates, to be dis- 
 tributed to the chin and muscles of the infra- 
 hyoid region. 
 
 Submental Vein, which accompanies the ar- 
 tery, opens into the labial. 
 
 SUBMER'SION, Submer'sio, from sub, 'un- 
 der,' and mergere, mersnm, ' to plunge.' The 
 act of plunging, or being entirely plunged, in a 
 liquid. , 
 
 Asphyx'ia by submersion, drowning, 'As- 
 pkyxia Immer'soruwif is not owing to a certain 
 quantity ofliquid being introduced into the ali- 
 mentary or air-passages: but simply to the inter- 
 ception of air, and of the respiratory phenome- 
 na. It is a case of suflFocation, thfe signs of 
 which, on dissection, are equivocal, without cir- 
 cumstantial evidence. 
 
 SUBMISSIO, Remission— s. Cordis, Systole. 
 SUBMURIAS AMMONIACO-HYDRAR- 
 GYRICUS, Hydrargyrum pi;aecipitatum., 
 
 SUBOR'BITAR, Suhorbildrius, Infra-or'bi- 
 tar, lufra-orbita'lis, Infra-orblta!rius, (F.) 
 Sous-orbitaiie, from sui, 'under,' and orbita, 
 'the orbit.' That which is seated beneath the 
 orbitar cavity. , 
 
 Shborbitar Artery, Infra-orbitar A., pro- 
 ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which 
 it separates rear the anterior and superior part 
 of the zygomatic fossa. - It enters the^'infra- 
 orbitar canal, and passes through it, giving 
 branches to the anterior and superior dental 
 canal; issues by the foramen infra-orbitarium ; 
 and divides, in the fossa canina, into a number 
 of branches, which lose themselves in the neigh- 
 bouring parts. The infra-orbitar vein follows 
 the same course. 
 
 Suborbitar Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, 
 (F.) CaJialou Co?iduitsous-oi bitaire, i^Sism^M 
 canal, which runs obliquely through the sub- 
 stance of the inferior paries of the orbit. It 
 begins, behind, by a simple gutter, and divides, 
 anteriorly, into two bramches, one of .which 
 descends into the anterior paries of the maxil- 
 lary sinus, whilst the other passes out, in the 
 canine fossa, by an orifice, called Foramen-in- 
 fra-orbitariiim, (F.) Trou fOHS:orhitaire. The 
 infrarorbitar, artery and nerve pass along it. 
 
 Suborbitar Fissure, htfraoibitar Fissure, 
 Rima canalis orbita' rii.Fiisa'ra infrdorbitdlis, 
 A fissure in the superior maxillary bone; the 
 superior commencementof the suborbitar canal. 
 Suborbitar FossAj Canine fossa. . ' 
 Suborbitar Nerves, Infra-orbitar Nerve?, 
 seem to terminate the superior maxillary. They 
 issue from the infra-orbitar canal by the fora- 
 men of the same name, and spread out in a 
 radiated manner in the ibssa canina, to divide 
 into superior or pilprbral filaments, infUrior or 
 labial, internal, or nasal, and external or buccal. 
 SUBPERITONEAL APONEUROSIS, Fas- 
 cia, subperitoneal. 
 SUFPLACENTA, Decidua membrana. 
 SUBPOPLIT.(Ens, Poplitaeus muscle. 
 SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arciis snbjm'bicus. A 
 strong arch of the superior pelvic aponeurosis. 
 
 which completes the posterior orifice of the ob- 
 turator or subpubic canal. 
 
 Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane. 
 SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS, Abductor bre- 
 vis — ;s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatse. 
 SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus. 
 SUBSC AP ULAR,i'MA,5Cfflp!i/a'W,s,(F.) Sous- 
 scafulaire, Sous-scajiulo-l'rochinien, from sub, 
 ' under,' and scapula, ' the shoulder-blade.' That 
 which is beneath the scapula. 
 
 Subscapular Fossa, Fossa S.^bscaptila'ris. 
 A considerable excavation at the anterior sur- 
 face or venter of the scapula, in which the sub- 
 scapularis is seated. -' 
 
 StTBScAPULAR MuscL,E,Snbscapula'risMusele, 
 Immer'sus, Infra-scapHla'iis,{^.)Sous-scapulo- 
 trochinien, (Ch.) I'i)rte-feuille, Muscle sous^ 
 scapulaiie. A muscle situate in the above men- 
 tioned fossa. It is flat, broad, and triangular; is 
 attached, by its base, to the subscapulary fossa 
 and to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine 
 of the scapula, and is inserted' into the lesser 
 tuberosity of the humerus.- It carried the arm 
 in, rotation inwards. It can also depress it, 
 and bring it towards the body. 
 SUBSIDENTIA, Sediment. 
 SUBSTANaE £MAILL&E DES 
 DENTS, Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 'SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytobrastema— 
 s. Intercellular, Cytoblastema — s. Vitrie des 
 Dents, Enamel of the teeth. 
 
 Substance, White, op 5^CHWANN. A hollow 
 cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, which 
 differs in composition and refracting power from 
 the matter-that occupies the centre of thetube. 
 SUBSTANTIA ADAMANT^NA PEN- 
 TIUM, Enamel — s. Filamentosa dentium. Ena- 
 mel — s. Hyalina, Cytoblastema — s. Osgea den- 
 tium, see Tjooth — s. Ostoidea, see Tooth. 
 
 SuBSTANT'iA Perfora'ta Me'di.a. When the 
 pia mater has been removed from the space 
 between the crura cerebri termed Xheinter- 
 cru'ral or interpedunc'ular, the surface appears 
 cribriform from the perforations of the nume- 
 rous minute vessels which penetrate it. This 
 is the substa^t'tia perfora'ta Tne'dia of Vicq 
 d'Azyr. 
 
 Substantia PulposaDentis, Dental pulp — 
 s. Rhomboidea, Corpus dentatum^s. f-pongiosa 
 Urethra?, Corpus spongiosum urethrse — ^"s. Vi- 
 trea dentium, Enamel of the teeth — s. Vitrea, 
 Cytoblastema. 
 
 SUB'STANTIVEt Substanti'vus; from sub- 
 stare, {sub and stare,) 'to stand under or sub- 
 sist.' An epithet applied by Dr. I'aris to ali- 
 ments which are nutritious, "in contradistinc- 
 tion to adjective aliments, whijCh are themselves 
 not possessed of nutritive virtues, but impart to 
 the digestive. organs greater energy, so as to 
 enable them to extract more nutrinjent from the 
 substantive aliments. Meat, for example, is a 
 substantive aliment: the condiment, as mustard, 
 eaten with it, an adjective aliment. 
 SUBSTILLUM, StiUicidium. 
 SUBsTJLTIO, Palpitation. 
 SUBSULTUS TEN'DINUM, &to« ten'di- 
 num.. Clonus stibsultus, Siibsnltvs, Carpholog"- 
 ia spasmod'ica, Myopal'mus, Twitching of th» 
 Tendons, (F ) Sonbresant, from subsilire, sub- 
 snltum, (sub and satire,) ' to make short leaps.' 
 Twitching, communicated to the tendons by the 
 involuntary and instantaneous contraction of 
 the muscular fibres. It is more observable at 
 
SUBSURDITAS 
 
 611 
 
 SUDOR 
 
 the wrist than elsewhere ; and is an evidence of 
 great cerebral irritability,. and debility, when 
 it, occurs at aft advanced period flf fever. 
 
 Thd muscular agitations or ivi'itchings ob- 
 served infebrile diseases, especially of children, 
 have been termed CoJivnlsibil' itas ^ ISeeloiyr'bB 
 fthri'lis, and Irrittikil'itns morbo'sa. 
 
 SUBSURDITAS, Deafness. 
 
 SUB'UBERES, from sub, ' under,' and uiera, 
 * the bi'easts.' Infati'tes sugen'tus, BticJsijig chil- 
 dren. Infants at the breast, in contradistinc- 
 tion to the Exu'beres, aToyuxuxTu, or those which 
 l\ave been weaned. 
 
 SUBVERilO STOMACHI, Vomiturition. 
 
 SUBVKRTEBRA, facrum. 
 
 SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum. 
 
 SUBVOLA, Hypothenar. 
 
 Sue, Succus — s. Gastrigut, Gafetric juice — 
 s. Mcdullaire, Marrow. 
 
 SUCCA'GO, from succvs, 'juice.' The in- 
 spissated juice of plants; robs, jellies, &c. 
 
 'SUCCEDA''NE!JM,Succidli'ue7tm,Siibsttt.ze'- 
 ium, A7itibaHo'm'€7m'm, Surroga'tiimyAiitflmbal- 
 iom'enum, Quid pro gtiOj from sttccedere, {sub 
 and cedere,) ' to go under, to come in place of 
 another.' An epithet for medicines that 'may 
 be substituted for others possessing similar 
 properties. ' - 
 
 ' SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from sneekn.titnare, 
 (from snb and centuria,) ' to supply a soldier to 
 fill a vacancy;' and hence ' to substitute or put 
 in the room of.' That which is a substitute for 
 another; as Renea succenturiafi, ventriculus 
 noeceninriatus, &c. ' ' i„ ' 
 
 SUCCHAR, t^accharum. 
 
 SUCCIDANEUM, Succedanehm. 
 
 SUCCIN, Succinlim. 
 
 SUrCINCTLTRA. Diaphragm. 
 
 SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm. 
 
 SUCCINl RESINA, Musk, artificial. 
 
 SUCCINIC ACID, Ac'idnm Succini, A. 
 Sncciniicnm'yAcor _s7tccinp-us, Sal Stiecini, Sal 
 volat'ile Sncrini, has been considered antispas- 
 modic and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five 
 to twenty grains. 
 
 SUC'CINUM, Elec'tnim, Ambra, Ambram, 
 Ampar, BerevicS, Ambr.r, iTellow 'Amber, (F.) 
 SueHn, Ambre Jamie. This substance, which is 
 found on the shores of the Baltic, is composed 
 of a resinous matter, of essential oil, and an 
 acid sni generis. It is inodorous, except 
 when heated or rubbed ; insipid;' in fragments 
 of a pale golden yellow colour; transparent, 
 and has a shining lustre. S. g. I -OH: insoluble 
 in Water, andslightly acted on, by alcohol. It 
 is used for affording its essential oil — the O'lenm 
 ox JBal'saTn-n'm'Snc'cini; '{y .)> Hnile dp Sn,cci,n. 
 This oil pos'se'sses stimulant, antispasmodic, 
 diuretic, and rubefacient properties.' 
 
 The O'leum Sitc'civi rertifica'thTn, 'Rectified 
 Oil of. Amber, is made as follows : — Oil pfAm- 
 hfr, Oj, water, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and 
 distil until Oiv of the water have passed with 
 the oil into the, receiver; separate the oil from 
 the water, and keep it in well stopped bottles. 
 (Ph. U. S.) 
 
 The white amber, Letieelec'trtim, (F.) Ambre 
 Uane, is a variety. 
 
 SnccisiiM CiNEREUM, Ambergris — s. Gri- 
 aeum. Ambergris. 
 
 SUCaiON, Sucking. 
 
 SUCCISA, '■"cabio'a succisa. 
 
 SUCCOLATA, Chocolate. 
 
 SUCCORY, WILD, Cichoriumintybua, Chi- 
 ron ia angularis. 
 
 ' SUC'C L'BUS, froln sub, and cubare, ' to lie.' 
 Some authors have used this word synony- 
 mously with nightmare. Others mean by it 
 a female phantom, with, which a man in his 
 Meep may believe he has intercourse; — as 
 Incubus, has been applied to the'male phan- 
 tom, with which a female may dream she 
 is similarly situate. 
 
 SUCCUti, Chylus, Opos, Opis'ma, Chylis'- 
 ma, Ecckylo'ma, Apothlinl'ma, Juice, (P.) Snc. 
 The fluid obtained by pressing plants,, flesh, 
 &c. ; sjcccus fixpres'sus. It is also applied to 
 certain animal fluids, as S. Gastricus, he. 
 
 Succus AcAciffi Germanics InspiBsatds, 
 see Prunus spinosa — s. Acaciae nostratis, see 
 Prunus^pinosa — s. Cicuta3 spissatus, Extractum 
 conii — s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium. 
 
 Succus Emteb'icus, S, intestina'lis, Intes'ti- 
 nal Juice. The fluid secreted from the lining 
 membrane of the small intestines. 
 
 Succus ExpREssus,' Apothlimma — s. Gastri- 
 cus. Gastric juice — s., Intestinalis, Succus eu- 
 tericus — s. Japonicus, Catechu— s^. Nerveus, 
 Nervous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Pan-- 
 creaticus, see Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti, 
 Napqlli, Extractum aconiti — s. Spissatus atropiB' 
 belladonnse, Extractuni belladonnas^s. Spissa- 
 tus conii maculati, Extractum cicutee — s. Spis- 
 satus hyoscyami nigri, Extractum hyoscyamii 
 — s. Spissatus lactucae sativae, Extractum lac- 
 tucae. 
 
 SUCCUS'SION, Hippocrat'ic Sziccus'sion, 
 Sncctts'sio, from sticc'utio, (s7ib and g'uatio,) *!' 
 shake from beneath.' A mode of ascertaining 
 the existence of a, fluid in the thorax, by giving 
 the body one or more slight shakes. 
 
 SuccussTON, Ballottement . -^ \ 
 
 SUCHOR, Sac,charum. 
 
 SOCKING, Sni'tio, Suct'iis, Athelx'is,'Bdal'- 
 sis, Myze'-tls, iY .) Snccion ; from sugere, sue- 
 turn, ' to suck.'~ The act of^drawing liquid inti> 
 the mouth, by forming a vacuum with the 
 tongue acting as a piston, during inspiration. . 
 
 Sucking Child, Lactens. A suckling. 
 
 To SUCKLE, Lactarcy y'aitzKTOTfjOipEtv,, t«.- 
 Otiipvstr. (F.) Allaiter ou Alaiter, T* give 
 suck. To nurse. 
 
 .'-UCKLING, Lactation, Sucking child'. 
 
 SUCRE, Saccharum — «. Candi, Saccharum 
 candidum — .s. de Lait, Sugar of milk — s. d'e Sa- 
 titriie, Pktmbi superacefas. 
 
 SUCTIO, Rxsuptio, Sucking. 
 
 SUCTION POWER. The force exerted on 
 the blood in the veinsj by the active dilatation 
 of the heart. See Derivation. 
 ■ SUCTUS, Sucking. 
 
 SUDAM INA, Hydro'ata, Hidro'ata, Hidr^- 
 ta, Pap'ulse. sndora'les, Svffntsit'rce, Alha'sef, 
 Pldntanoctix^ Boa; from sudor, ' sweat.' Small 
 vesicles, which appear upon the skin, especially 
 in the summer time, in hot countries, and in 
 diseases attended with much sweating. It is a 
 miliary eruption. See Miliary fever. 
 
 SuDAMiNA, Desudatio, lichauboulures. Lichen 
 tropicus. 
 
 SUDARIUM, Achicolum, Vaporarium. 
 
 SUDATIO, Hidrosis. 
 
 SUDATORIA, Hidrosis— s. Maligna, see 
 Sudor Anfflicu<!. 
 
 SUDATORIUM, Achicolum, Vapotariutn. 
 
 SU DOR, Ilidros, (F.) Sueur, ' sweat.' The 
 
SUDORIFER 
 
 813 
 
 SUGGILLATION 
 
 product of cutaneous trai?spiration, when visi- 
 ble on the surface of the body. It is colourless ; 
 of an odour more or less strong and variable j , 
 and of a saline taste. It is composed, accord- 
 ing to Berzelius, of water, lactic acid, lactate of 
 soda united with a little animal matter, chlo- 
 ride of sodium, and a little chloride of potas- 
 sium, an atom of earthy phosphate, and some 
 oxyd of,iron. 
 
 Sddor, Miliary fever. 
 
 Sudor' An'glicus, HidroJi'ojoSj Hidrpp'yra, 
 Hidropyr'etoSy Febris sudato'ria, Milia'ris su- 
 dato'riaj Sudor 'miHa'ris, Morbus sudatorius, 
 Ephein'era malig'na, E, siidato^rici) JE. Britan'- 
 nica^ ^Pestis Britannicap Sy^dato'ria .malig^na, 
 E, An/glica pes'tilet^Sp Sweating Sickness, 
 Sweating fever, (F.) Suette, S^ Miliaire, S. 
 Jtpidemique, Sueur Anglaise. A very ^vere 
 epidemic disease,charatteri2ied by profuse s weat- 
 ing, which appeared in England in 1486; and 
 recurred, at different times, until about the 
 middlp of the 16th century. It was accompa- 
 nied with coldness, excessive prostration of 
 strength, .palpitation, frequency and inequality 
 of the pulse, &c.,and terminated favourably or 
 unfavourably in the course of ^4 hours. The 
 French have given the, name Suette de Pioar- 
 DIE, Suette des Picards, Fiivre suante, Miliaris 
 sudatoria. Sudor Picard'icus, to an epidemic 
 disease, which has appeared several times in 
 that province j the principal sy mptoiBs of which 
 were, profuse sweats, and a miliary eruption. 
 The disease recurred in 1891, and has been de- 
 scribed, at length, by M. Rayer, whoconsidgrs 
 it to consist of a simjiltaneous state of inflam- 
 .mation of various tissues; and proposes to class 
 it with variola,- scarlatina, and measles. 
 
 Sudor Coljciquativus, S. Profu'sus. 
 
 Sudor Cruen'tus, S. sanguin'eus, Hamati- 
 dro'sis, Sxmathidro' sis, Ephidro'sis cruen'ta, 
 Il(iiru)rrhag"ia per Ctitem, (F.) Hematidrose, 
 Sueur de Sang; Sweating of blood. Bloody 
 sweat, Hem'orrhage from the shin. Cutaneous, 
 perspiration intermixed wit)i blood:— a very 
 uncommon affection. 
 
 Sudor Dulcis, SaccharorrJice' a cuto/nea, 
 Ephidro'.sis. sacchara'ta. A discharge of sac- 
 charine matter by perspiration. 
 
 Sudor Localis, Meridrosis — s. Miliaris, 
 Miliary fever, Sudor Anglicus — s. Partialis, 
 Meridrosis. 
 
 Sudor Perfu'sus, S. Cotliquati'vus . A pro- 
 fuse or immoderate sweat. 
 
 Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus — s. Uni- 
 versalis, Panhidrosis. 
 
 SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific. 
 
 SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudorifer, Hydroph'o- 
 rus, from sudor, 'sweat,' aai fero, 'I carry.' 
 That which carries sweat, as the sudoriferous 
 ducts or glands. 
 
 SUDORIFIC, Sudorificum, Sudbrifer, 
 Hidrot^ieum, Hydrote'rinm, Hydrotopa'uin, Ili- 
 dropoet'icum, from sudor, ' sweat,' and facio, 
 ' I make.' A medicine which provokes sweat- 
 ing. See Diaphoretic. 
 
 Four Sudorific Woods, Quatuor ligna sti- 
 dorijiea, were, formerly, guaiamm, perfumed 
 cherry, sarsaparilla, and sassafras. 
 
 SUDORIPAROUS, see Perspiration. 
 
 SUDORIS NULLITAS, Anidrosis— s. Pri- 
 vatio, Anidrosis— s. Snppressio, Ischidrosis. 
 
 SUET, Sevum. 
 
 SUETTEy Sudor Anglicus— s. Apidimique, 
 
 Sudor Anglicus — s.Miliaire, Sudor Anglicus— i. 
 de Picardie, Sudor picardicus^s. des Picards, 
 Sudor picardicus. 
 
 SUEUR, Sudor — s. Anglaise, Sudor Angli- 
 cus — s. d'Expression, Expression, sweat of — 
 o. de Sang, Diapedesjs, Sudor c^ruentus. 
 
 SUFFERSUR^, Sudamina. 
 
 SUFFIMEN, Suffimentum. , 
 
 SUFFIMENT'UM, Hypoeaptiis'ma, Suffi'- 
 men, Thymi'a7na,Suffi'tus, Suffumiga'tio, (F.) 
 Parfum. A perfume. A fumigation. 
 
 SUFFITIO, Fumigation. . 
 
 SUFFITUS, Fumigation, Suffimentum. 
 
 SUFFLATlO, Puffiness.. 
 
 SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Qrthopntea— s. 
 Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis — s. Hysteri- 
 ca, Angone — s. Stridula,. 'Cynanche trachealis 
 — s. Uterina, .Angone. 
 
 SUFFOCA'TION, Suffoca'tio, Prafoca'tia, 
 Apojmix'is, Asphy<s'ia, MelantE^mt^, from sv^b, 
 ' under,' and focus, ' a fire-place.' Death, or 
 suspended animation from impeded respiration, 
 whether caused by the inhalation of noxious 
 gases, drowning, hanging, strangling, or smo- 
 thering. The principal morbid appearances in 
 such cases are :— ^the lungs of a deep blue colour, 
 with tlie' blood extravasated in the' air-cells; 
 right auricle and ventricle filled with dark 
 blood, as well as the neighbouring veins ; li- 
 vidity of the countenance, turgescence,*and, 
 perhaps, rupture of the vessels of the brain. 
 
 Treatment ^f suspended animation by suffo- 
 cation in general. The patient must be con- 
 veyed into a room not too warm. Blood-letting 
 must be used, if at ill, with caution : — friction 
 must -be employed with salt or warm flannels : 
 stimulating fluids, in a dilute state, be poured 
 into the stomach by means of a tube, and at- 
 tempts be made., to inflate the lungs. Laryn- 
 gotomy, if necessary. 
 
 Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Atouffement, 
 is used for threatened suffocation, as strangling 
 is. It means the state of dyspnoea and oppres- 
 sion experienced when a sufficient quantity of 
 air does not enter the lungs, or. when the che- 
 mical phenomena of respiration are imperfectly 
 executed; as in cases of asthma. 
 
 SUFFOCATION UTlRZNE, Hysteria. 
 
 SUFFRAGO, Poples. 
 
 SUFFUMIGATION, Suffimentum. 
 
 SUFlFUMIGIUM, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUMINATIO, Fumigation. 
 
 SUFFUSIO, Pseudoblepsia — s. Auriginosa, 
 Icterus — s. Bills,' Icterus — s. Colorans, Chro- 
 mopsia — s. Dimidians, Hemiopia^s. Exclarans, 
 Oxyopia-^s. Fellis, Icterus— s. Lentis crystal- 
 linse,. Cataract — s. Metamorphosis, Metamor- 
 phopsia — s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia ^s. 
 Myodes, Metamorphopsia — s. Nigra, Amaurosis 
 — s. OcuU, Cataract, Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculo- 
 rum, Metamorphopsia — s. Radians, Scotasma — 
 s. Sanguinis, Eccnymoma. 
 
 SUGAR, Saccharum--s. Barley, Penidium 
 — s. Candy, Saccharum candidum — s. .Cane, 
 see Saccharum — s. of l.ead,Plumbi superacetas 
 — s. Pine, see Arrowroot. 
 
 Sugar of Milk, Sad charum, lactis, Galac'to- 
 sac'ckarum, (F.) Sucre de Lait, is obtained from 
 whey by evaporation and crystallization. It 
 possesses the demulcent properties of the su- 
 gars. 
 Sugars, Various, see Saccharum. 
 SUGGILLA'TION, Sugilla'lio, Livor, Su- 
 
SUGGRUNDIUM 
 
 813 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID 
 
 gillatioti) CEde'ma erunntum; a bruise; from 
 sugillare,, 'to give a black eye.' By most 
 authors used synonymously with ecchymosis 
 and ecchymoma. It ii, also, applied to the 
 spots, or ecchymoses which occur in consequence 
 of intrinsic causes, — in disease and in incipient 
 putrefaction. It is common in. dead todies. 
 To this last case it is, indeed, restricted. Ijy 
 some medico-legal writers ; and an interesting 
 question sometimes arises ; — Whether the ap- 
 pearance have been induced before death or 
 afterwards? Whether it be a case of scckymo-. 
 sis or of suggUlation? , In the former, .the ex- 
 travasated blood will usually be coagulated; 
 not So in the latter. It is often, however, dif- 
 ficult to form a correct judgment without re- 
 ference to the hjstbry of the case. 
 
 SUGGRUN'DlUM, perhaps from suggredi, 
 ' to go under.' The eav^ of a house. 
 
 StTGGRUNDiuM OcuLi, Superciliary arch— s. 
 Superciliorum, Frontal protuberance. 
 
 SUICIDA, Autochir. 
 
 S.UICIDAL INSANITY,, Suicide. 
 
 SXi'\0\'D'E,,-Suieifdium: from sui cades, 
 ' murder of one's self.' - The act of kil0ng one's 
 self. Autochi^ridj ■ Autocion'ia, Idiocton'ia, 
 Autophon'ia. .Suieide is very -frequently the 
 resuk of disease of the mind'; the individual 
 seeming, at times, to be irresistibly impelled 
 to ,^elf-destruction. — Melancholia Suicid^iwm, 
 M; dutQck^Wia, Suici'dal Insanity. Also, one 
 who commits self-murder. 
 
 SUIE, Fuligo. 
 
 SUIF, Sevura. 
 
 SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia. 
 
 SULCATUS, Ca««,e^e, Grooved. 
 
 SIJLCULUS LABII SUP^RIORIS, Lacuna 
 Labii superioris. 
 
 SULCUS, Semicanck'Hs , Semicdnalic'ulus ,■ 
 A furrow. A groove. (F.) Sillon. Anato- 
 mists have given this name to grooves on the 
 surfece of bones and other organs. 
 
 French writers on anatomy often use the 
 term Sillons for the grooves which lodge the 
 arteries and- creep on the surfaqe of bones; 
 whilst those that receive veins are called gout- 
 tih-es, 'gutters.' Also, the Vulva. 
 
 .Sulcus Antero-postejiioe Jecoris, see Liver 
 — s. Labii superioris. Lacuna Labii superioris 
 — s. Transversalis, see Liver — s. Umbilicalis, 
 'see Liver. . 
 
 SULFATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammo- 
 nisE sulphas. 
 
 SUI.FIDUM CARBONII, Carbpriis sulphu- 
 retum. 
 
 SULFUR, Sulphur. , v 
 
 HULFURE DE CARBON, Carbonis sul- 
 phure'tum. i - , 
 
 SULPHAS .ALUMINARIS, Alumen—s. 
 Ammoniacae Cupratus, Cuprum ammoniatum 
 ^s. Cadmicus, Cadmii Sulphas — s. Kalico-alu- 
 minicum, Alumen — s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate 
 of — B. Zincicura, Zirici sulphas. 
 
 SULPHUR, SM//«r, Scoritk.Thei'on, Thion, 
 Averick, Terra folia'ta, Fuvius cit'rinu^, Aq'~ 
 uila. Brimstone, (F.) Soufre, The NMive 
 Sulphur is called Roe& Sulphur, Sulphur vivum, 
 &c. Sulphur, as we meet with it, is in rolls, 
 Sulphur in rot'ulis, S, rotun'dwm, lipll Brim- 
 stone. It is a volcanic production, and is ob- 
 tained, in large quantities, from Solfatara, in 
 Italy. Roll Sulphur is impure sulphur, melt- 
 ed, and run into moulds. It is unpleasantly 
 
 odorous, when heated or rubbed ; insipid j solid, 
 and brittle. S. g. J .99. Fusible at 2^6"; vola- 
 tilizable by heat, and condensing unchanged. 
 
 SuLPBUE Ahtimoniatum, Antimonii sulphu- 
 retum prsecipitatum' — s. Carburet of, Carbonis 
 sulphuretum— ^s. lodatiim, see Iodine — s. Iodide 
 of, see Iodine— s. Liver of, FotassK sulphuretum; 
 
 StiLPHuU LoTOM, Sulphw suhlima'tum latum, 
 Washed Sidphur, Magiste'rium- Sitlph'uris, Sul- 
 phuris Flares lali, is prepared by pouring boil- 
 ing 'water on, subliiAed sulphur, so as to wash 
 avvay any acid it may contain, aind then dry- 
 ing, it. 
 
 SuLPHTJB. Pr^cipita'tum, iap' Snlph'uris, 
 Mm of Sulphur, Frecip'itated Suljihur, (F.) 
 Cretfie- de Soufre, is prepared by boiling sub- 
 limed sulphur and lime together, and adding 
 muriatic acid to precipitate, the sulphur. 
 
 . SoLPHUtt SuBi:iMA'Tum, Sulphur, (Pb. U.. S.) 
 Sublitaed Sulphur or Flowers of Sulphii); (F.) 
 Soufre sublirne, Fleurs de Soufre, is the sulphur 
 of commerce, sublimed in close vessels. 
 
 Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, laxative, 
 and diaphoretic properties. As a laxative, it is 
 used, in he'morrhoidal and other affections. In 
 the itch, applied externally and taken internally, 
 it has been considerfed as a specific (?), and it is 
 ajvaluable remedy in most. cutaneous affections 
 that are local. .Dose, gss to zij. 
 
 The fseces or dr'egSj left in the purification or 
 sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Siim- 
 stane. Dregs of Sulphur -vivivn, Sulphur eabal- 
 li'num, S. vivitm, Srilphuris -vivi recremen'tr'/.. 
 They are very impure, slnd.are only used ex- 
 ternally. 
 
 SulphuEjVegetaele, Lycopodium — s.Wort, 
 Peucedanum. ' ' 
 
 SULPHURATUS,Sulpbureous,Sulphurated. 
 
 SULPHU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus, Sul^hW- 
 rius, Sulp^urdtus, Sulph'urettedi Possessing 
 the TJroperties of, or relating to sulphur. 
 
 SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous— s. Hy- 
 drogen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted. i 
 
 SULl'HURETUM. AMMONIAC^, Ammo-' 
 nias sulphuretum — s. Ammoftise hydrogenatum, 
 Liquor fumans Boylii— s. ICalicum, PotasSfie sul- 
 phuretum — s, LixivicB, PotassiE sulphuretum. 
 
 SDLPH'URIC ACID, Ae"idum Sulphu'ri- 
 cum vel SulfuricuTn, Oleum Vitrio'li, Spir'^ 
 itus Vitrioli, S, v. fartis, Acidum^vitpiol'icum,. 
 Oil' of Vitriol, Spiiit iff Vitriol, Vitriolic Atid, 
 Acid-wm Vitrioli dephlogistica'tum, Aco^r Sul- 
 phziris, (F.) Acide Sutphurigue ou S idfurique . 
 Sulphuric acid is inodotous^; has a strong acid 
 taste, and is corrosive. S. g. 1.845 (.Ph. U.S.) 
 It is escharotic, stimulant, rubefacient. Mixed 
 with lard-, it is sometimes used in local pains, 
 and certain- cutaneous affections. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Aromat'ic, Ac"idum Sutr 
 phu'Hpum. Aromat'icum, A. vitrioVieum aromat'- 
 ic-um, A.vitriolieum alcoho'lE aromaticum. Elixir 
 vitrio'li, ,E. v. aromatieum, E. vitrivli Myn- 
 sich'ti, E. vitrioli Edinbiirgeti' sium, E. vitri- 
 oli cum tinctu'rd aromdticd, E. vitrioli dulct 
 'seu aeido-aromat'icum. Alcohol cum. aromat'ib-us 
 sulphurica'tus, Thictu'ra atidi sul-phurici, is 
 formed of sulphuric acid, f. /^jiiis?,;- ginger, 
 bruised, 2J ; «'«»amon, bruised, .^iss,; AltohoJ,- 
 Oij.—Ph. U. S. Dose, gti; X to xxx. Fh. L. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac"idum Sitl- 
 phu'rieuTn Dilu'tum, Acidum vitriol' ic-wm dilii- 
 tum. Elixir of Vitriol, Elixir vitrio'li, Spir'- 
 itus vitrio' li ac" idus Vogle'rij^F.) Acide sulfu- 
 
SULPHQHIS lODIDUM 
 
 814 
 
 SUPERSCAPULAKIS 
 
 rique delay e,. is formed, according to the Phar- 
 raacopceia of the United States, bjf adding aq. 
 destillat. f. §xij, to acid, sutph. f. ^j. It is 
 tonic, astringent, and refrigerant. Dose, g" x 
 to XX, largely diluted. ^ When used as a gargle, 
 half a drachm may be added to §vj of water. 
 
 Very dilute sulphuric, acid wa^ formerly 
 termed Phlegma vitrioH. ' v 
 
 SULPH'URIS lO'DIDUM, I'odide of Sul- 
 phur, see Iodine. It 19 thus directed to be pre- 
 pared in the PharmacoptEia of the U. S. (ISid). 
 (lodin. §iv; ^ulphnri 5J.) Rub the iodine and 
 sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or marble 
 mortat, until they , are thoroughly mixed. Put 
 the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice 
 loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken 
 the mass withtiut mfltipg it. Whenthe colour 
 has become uniformly dark throttghout, increase 
 the heat so as to melt the iodide; then incline 
 the matrass in diffeirent directions, in order to 
 return into the mass any portions of iodine 
 which may have cdndensed onthfe inner surface 
 of the vessel : lastly, allow the matrass to cool, 
 break it, and put the iodide into bottles, which 
 are to be well stopped. ' 
 
 SULPHURIUS, Sulphureous.- 
 
 SUIjPHUROSUS, Sulphureous. 
 
 SUL'PHUROLTS ACID, Ac"idum svlphu- 
 ros'icum, A. stdph'nris vclat'ile, A. Sulpkurd'- 
 sum vel SuJfurosuTriy Spir'it.u,t sulphtiris, 
 Spiritits sulphuro'sus volat'ilis, Sp, sulphnris 
 per 'campa'nam, Sp, vitrio'li phlogistica'tus , 
 Gas snlphnrisj (F.) Acide Sulfiirbnx, Air 
 Aride Vitrioliqne. Obtained by treating mer- 
 cury with concentrated sulphuric acSd, or by 
 btirning sulphur. It is sometimes used in the 
 gaseous, — at others, in the liquid state. Sul- 
 phurous acid gas is used to disinfect, cloths, con- 
 lined air, letters coming from infected places, 
 &c. It is also exhibited, with great success, in 
 the form of fumigation, in the treatment of 
 certain chronic cutaneous affections, and of 
 sciatic and rheumatic pains in general. If re- 
 spired pure, it acts in the manner of violent 
 irritants j and is not long in producing death. 
 
 SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Sultzmalt is a village in the department 
 of the Upper Rhine; where are several sources 
 of cold, acidulous waters, which seem to con- 
 tain carbonic acid, subcarbonate of soda, sub- 
 carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, and a lit- 
 tle bitumen. They are refrigerant, aperient, 
 and' alterative. 1 
 
 SUMAC SES CORROYEUBS,Jlhas CO- 
 riaria— s. Meneneux, Rhus toxicodendron. 
 
 SUMACH, Rhus coriaria. 
 
 SUMEN, Hypogastriura. 
 
 SUMMER COMPLAINT. Apopularname 
 in the United States, for diarrhcsa occurring in 
 summer. It is often, also, made to include dy- 
 sentery and .cholera infantum : with some it 
 means cholera infantum only. 
 
 Summer Diseases, see Estival — s. Rash, Li- 
 chon tropicus. 
 
 SUMMITAS CUTIS, Epidermis. 
 
 SOMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion. 
 
 SUNBURN, Ephelides— s. Dew, Drosera ro- 
 tundifolia— s. Flower, false, Helenium autum- 
 nale — s. Flower, swamp, Helenium autumnale 
 — s. I'ain, see Hemicrania — s. Rash, Lichen — 
 ». Stroke, Conp de So'eil. 
 
 SUNSTROKE, EGYPTIAN, Coup de Soleil. 
 
 SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm. 
 
 SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum ana- 
 tomicum — s. Diogenrs, Palm. 
 
 SI PER. A common Latin prefix; in com- 
 J)osition, signifying ' ahovei' 
 
 SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi. , , 
 
 SUPERCILIARIS, CoiTugator supercilii. 
 
 SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilia'ris, from 
 super, 'above,' and cilinm, 'the edge of the eye- 
 lid.' That vvhich relates to the supercilia or 
 eyebrows.' (F.) S'onrcilier ou Sitreilier, 
 
 Supeecil'iaet A^ca-ES, Superciliary Ridges, 
 Arcus super.cilia're.s, Suggrun'dia oeltlo'rum, 
 (F.) Arcades saurcilieres, are two slightly pro- 
 jecting apophyses, situate at the anterior sur- 
 face of the OS frontis, above the superior margin 
 of the orbits. They are separated by the nasal 
 basse, and covered by the snperciliaris muscle, 
 to which thty give attachment. 
 , SiiPERciLiAKT Ridges, Superciliary arches. 
 
 SUPEBCIL'fUM, Opkrys, Oph/rya, Vallum, 
 (F.) Sourcil. Same etymon. The eyebrows 
 are two arched eminences, — convejt above,' and 
 mdre or less prominent, according XO the indi- 
 vidual, — which lie. on the superciliary arch of 
 the OS frontis, above the eyelids, and extend 
 from the sides of the root of the nose to the 
 temple. Their inner extremity'or head is more 
 prominent than the outer or tai},, The eyebrows 
 are covered with short and stiff hairs, which are- 
 directed, obliqnely, from within ontwards^and 
 are, cormnonly, of the colour of the hair. The 
 skin in which these hatrs are itbplanted, rests 
 on the orbiciflaris palpebrarum., frontalis-, and 
 snperciliaris muscles, which move the eyebrows 
 in different directions. The eyebrows serve as 
 an ornament to the countenance; and by cover- 
 ing the eye defend it from the impression of 
 too strong a light. They direct the perspira- 
 tion also from the eye. 
 
 Supercilium Acetab'dli. The,edge of the 
 cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum. 
 
 SUPEREVACUATIO, Hypercrisis. 
 
 SUPERFECUNDATION, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFICIES1PLANTARIS PEDIS, Sole. 
 
 SUPERFCECUNDATIO, Superfoetation. 
 
 SUPERFCTTATIO, Superfcetation. 
 
 SUPERFCETA'TlON, Superfata'tiv, Super- 
 feta'tio, JBpicye'sis, Hypercye'sis, Superimprxg- 
 na'tio, Epig'one, Superfcecuyidatio, Epieye'ma, 
 Superfecundation, from super, 'upon,' and/a- 
 tare, ' to bring fojth young.' Conception of a 
 fcetus — epicye'tna — in a uterus which already 
 contains one. The impregnation of a female 
 already pregnant. The possibility of this has 
 been denied; but there is abundant evidence to 
 show, that it is possible at a very early period 
 of pregnancy. 
 
 SUPERGEMINALIS, Epididymis. 
 
 SUPERGENUALIS, Patella. 
 
 StrPERHUMERALE, Epomis. 
 
 SUPERIMPRiEGNATIO, Superfcetation. 
 
 SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem— s. 
 Rotundus clitoridis, Ischio-cavernous. 
 
 SUPERLABIA, Clitoris. 
 
 SUPERLIGAiVIEN, Epidesmus. 
 
 SUPERLIGULA, Epiglottis. 
 
 SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus— 
 s. Splenis. Splenoncus. 
 
 SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxa- 
 late of. 
 
 SI I PERPITRG ATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
 
 SUPERSC APUL A RI S, Supraspinatus— s. 
 Inferior, Infra-spinatus. 
 
SUPINATEim COTTR T ov PETIT 815 
 
 SUPRA-SPINATUS 
 
 SUPINATEUR COURT ou PETIT, Su- 
 pinator radii brevis — s. Grand ou loug, Supi- 
 nator radii longus. 
 
 SUPINA'TION, Stipinatio, from sujiinus, 
 ' lying on the back.' Th,e nnovement in whicl; 
 the forearm and hand are carried outwards, so 
 that the anterior surface of the latter becomes 
 superior. 
 
 In Pathology, Supination, Svpinatio, Hyp- 
 tias'ma, Hyptias'mifs, means the horizontal po- 
 sition on the baolc, with, the head thrown back, 
 and the legs and arms extended. It is often a 
 sign of great weakness in disease. 
 
 SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon. That which 
 produces supination. A name given to two 
 muscles of the forearm. 
 
 Supinator. Beevis seu Minor, Supinator 
 radii brevis— s. Longus seu major, Supinator 
 radii longus. ' 
 
 SopiNATOR Radii Brevis, S. brevis seMvinor, 
 (F.) £pico'ildylo-radittl (Cli.,) Snpinateur court 
 ou petit sitpinaienr^ A muscle, seated at the 
 outer and back part of the forearm." It is flat- 
 tened, triangular, and curvfed upon itself, in 
 such' a manner thiat it embraces the superior 
 extremity of the radius. It is attached, on. the 
 one hand, to the external tuberosity of the hu- 
 merus, and to a, small portion of the posterior 
 surface of the ulna, and is inserted into the 
 upper third of the outer and upper surfaces of 
 the radius. It prodaces, by contracting, the 
 motion of supination. 
 
 SupiNA,T0B Radii Lohgus, S. longus sivemajor, 
 Bra'chio -radia'tis, (F.) Humero - sns -radial 
 (,Ch.),Lang oa grand supinatenr, is seated at the 
 anterior ahd outer partof the forearm. It arises 
 from the inferior partof the' outer edge of tlje 
 OS humeri, and from the external intermuscu- 
 lar aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long ten- 
 don, into the outer edge of the radius, near the 
 base of the styloid process. It causes the supi- 
 nation of the forearm, wiiich it can likewise 
 bend on the arm. - 
 
 SUPPEDANEA, Hypopodia. 
 
 SUP'PLANTAIJA, Hypopodia." 
 
 SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Eiiiploic 
 appendages. ' 
 
 SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL,Belt, Russian. 
 
 SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, 
 pretended. , 
 
 feUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository— s. Uteri- 
 num, Pessary. 
 
 SUPPOSITORY, S-upposito'rium, Hypoth'- 
 eton, BaciVlus, Balavis'Tnus, Bal^anus, Glans, 
 from supponere, (sub, and ponere, ' to put,') 
 'to put under.' Any solid medicine, in the 
 (orm of a cone or cylinder, intended to be in- 
 troduced into the jectum;^-either for the pur- 
 pose of favouring intestinal evacuations, or to 
 act as an anodyne. Purgative supposifories 
 are made of sgap, aloes, or any other irritating' 
 
 " SUPPRESSIO ALVI, Constipation— s.Lo- 
 chiorum, Ischolochia — s. Lotii, Ischuria — s. 
 Mensium, Amenorrhcea^s. Menstruationis, 
 Amenorrhcea — s. Sudoris, Ischidrosis. 
 
 SUPPRESSION DU FLUX MENSTRU- 
 EL, Amenorrhcea — s. de Fart, see Parturition 
 — s. d'Urine, Ischuria. 
 
 SUPPURANS, Suppurative. 
 
 SUPPURA'TION, Snppura'tio, Ecpye'ma, 
 Purulen'tia, Pyo'sis, Pye'sis, Diapye'ma, Dia- 
 pye'sis, Pyogen'ia simplex, (F.) Aboutissement. 
 
 Formation or secretion of pus, (see, ?^so Pyoge- 
 nia,) from snb, ' under,' &tiajms. It is a frequent 
 termination of inflammation, and may occur in 
 almost all the tissues. This termination is an- 
 nounced by slight Chills; by remission of the 
 pain, vvhich, from being lancinating, becomes 
 heavy ; by a sense of weight in the part, and, 
 when the collection of pus can be easily felt, 
 by fluctuation. When pus is thus formed in 
 the cellular membrane, and is collected in one 
 or more cavities, it constitutes ari ab.shss. If 
 it be formed from a surface exposed to the air, 
 it is an iilcer ; and such ulcers we are in the 
 habit of establishing artificially in certain cases 
 bf disease. 
 
 SUP'^URATIVE, Suppu'rans, SuppurnW- 
 vus, Xfiapye'ticus, Ecpyo'ticus, Ecpyiscon'tua. 
 That which facilitates siippuration. Suppura- 
 tivesare, generally, vesicants mixed with lard. 
 SUPRA. , A common Latin prefix : in com- 
 position, signifying ' absve.' 
 
 ' SUPRA-COST A'L E S,, Le.vato'res Costa'- 
 rum, (F.) Sv.r-oostaux, from supra, ' above,' 
 and casta, ' a rit.'_^ A name given to twelve 
 small, fleshy fasciculi, which are flattened, 
 triangular, and with radiating fibres. They 
 pass from the transverse processes of the dorsal 
 vertebrae to the superior margin of thte rib be- 
 neath. Spigelius, Cowper, Boyer, Chaussi*r,, 
 and others consider them to form, part of the 
 inte'rcostales externi,. 
 
 SUPR A-OR'BIT AR, Svpra-orbita'lis , Supra- 
 orbita'fius, (F.) Sus-orbitdtre, from' supra, 
 ' above,' and orbita, ' the orbit.' That which is 
 situate above the orbit. 
 
 Suera-Or'bitar FoRjL'MEt!, Foramen Supra- 
 orbita'rizi7n,F. orbitarium. sup&frius, (F.) Trou 
 sus-orbitaire ou orbitaire s7cperieu/j; is a fora- 
 men or no.tch completed by a ligament at'the 
 inner third of, the orbitar arch. It gives pas- 
 sage to the supra-orbitar or superciliary artery, 
 a branch of the ophthalmic, which ascends the 
 forehead, and Is distributed thereto. 
 
 SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Supra-piMc, Suprf-pu- 
 bia'nus, from supra, and pubes. That which is 
 seated above the pubis. 
 
 ' Supra-Pubian Nerve, (F.) Nerf sus-pubien, 
 'is the internal ramus of the ingiiino-cutaneous 
 branch of the first lumbar nerve. It is the 
 gaiito-crural branch of Bichat. It descends 
 almost vertically before the psoas 'muscle ; and, 
 near the crural arch, divides into two branches. 
 One, of these .accompanies the spermatic cord, 
 and is distributed tp the cremaster, scrotum, 
 and integuments on the inner part of the thigh. 
 The other issues fronn the pelvis with the fe- 
 moral filariients"; traverses the aponeurosis of 
 the thigh, and is distributed'to the integuments 
 of the upper and anterior part of the limb. 
 ■ SUJ'RA-RE'NAL, Supra-reria'Us, (F.) Su.r- 
 renaf, from sjipriz,. ' above,' and ren, ' the kid- 
 ney.' Seated above the kidney — as the supra--, 
 renal capsule. 
 
 SU PRA-SC A PUL ARTS,' Supra-spinatus. 
 SUFRA-SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis 
 oris. 
 
 SUPRA-SPINA'TUS, Supra-spino'sus, (F.) 
 Sur-epinenx, Siis-epineiix, from supra, and 
 spina. That which is seated above the spine. 
 SuPRA-spiNATA FossA, (F.) Fosse SUS-Bpi- 
 neuse, is a triangular depression abov^ the 
 spine of the scapula. • 
 
 Supra-Spinatus MusclEj Super-scapul^'ris, 
 
SUR 
 
 816 
 
 SUSCEPTIBILITY 
 
 (F.) Sus-spino-seapulo-trochitirien, Petit sus- 
 scapulo-trochiterien, (Ch.) Supra-scayyularis, is 
 situate in the fossa supra-spinaita. It is elon- 
 gated, thick, and triangular, and is attached, on' 
 the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the 
 fossa supra-spinata ; and terminates, on the 
 other, at the anterior part of the great tuberosity 
 of the humerus. This muscle raises the axm. 
 
 SupEA-SpiNo'sA Ligamen'ta, Supra-spinal 
 lig'aments, are two in number. I, The Dorsi- 
 Iwmbo'Swpra-spinal ligament^ (F.) lAga/ment 
 suT-epineux dorso-iomhaire, exteTiding above 
 the spinous processes of the dorsal and lumbar 
 vertebra from, the 7th cervical as far as the 
 median crista of the sacrum. 2. Cervical-su- 
 pra'spinal ligament^ X^*) Ligavnent-sur-epi- 
 neux ceriiical, which extends above all the- cer- 
 vical spinous processes, and is attached, above, 
 to the outer occipital protuberance. 
 
 STJR, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
 ' above.' 
 
 SURA, Gastrocne'me, Gastrocne'mia, Gas- 
 trocne'-mium ; calf of the 'leg, ■(^•) Collet, 
 Gras de Jamie. The projection, formed at the 
 posterior part of the leg by the gastrocnemii 
 muscles. Also, the fibula. 
 
 SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii. Super- 
 ciliary. 
 
 SURCOSTAUX, Supracostales. 
 
 SURCULI FELLEI, Fori biliarii. 
 
 SURCULUS, Ramusculus. , 
 
 SUR DENT (¥.), supra,, 'above,' and dens, 
 ' a tooth.' When a milk tooth does not fall out 
 at the period .of the second dentition, but is 
 merely forced to one side by the new tooth, it 
 is called a surdent. 
 
 SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness. 
 
 SURDITY., .Cophosis, Deafness. ' 
 
 SURDOMUTITAS, Deaf-dumbness. 
 
 BUREAU COMMUN, Saiobaeas. 
 
 SURBLLE, Oxalis acetosella. 
 
 SUR£PINEUX, Supraspinatus. 
 
 SUR-EXCITATION, see Excitement, and 
 Super-excitation. 
 
 SURFEIT, Colica crapulosa. 
 
 SURGEON, Chirur'geon; old French^ Sur- 
 gien, Ckiro'naXy Chirur'gus, Vul'nerum med'- 
 icus, Cheiria'ter, Chirid'terfldtrus, (F.) Chi- 
 rurgien, from ;f ejJ, ' the hand,' and egyov,,' work.' 
 One who practises surgery. The surgeon,, says 
 Celsus, ought to be young, or, at all events, not 
 advanced in life. His hand must be steady, 
 expert, and never tremulous :' he must use the 
 right or left with equal facility :iis sight must 
 be clear and penetrating : , his mind intrepid ; 
 and although unmoved wheh he proceeds to 
 operate, he must not be in haste, nor cut less 
 than is necessary, but finish his operation, as if 
 the cries of the patient Tnade no impression 
 upon hifia. ^ 
 
 SUJlGEON-APOTH'ECAllY. One who 
 unites the practice of surgery with that of the 
 apothecary. A getieral practitioner, 
 
 SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist. 
 
 SUR'GERY,C/«rz(r'g^'a, Ckiriatri'a, Cheirix'- 
 is, Chi'risis, Ckirix'is, Chiris'Tnus, Metachei- 
 rix'is, JD^etacki'risis, D/[etachiris''mus, Tracta'- 
 iio manna' ria, 3Tedici'na operati'va,]Vf.edici'na 
 ef'ficax, (F.) C/iiriirgie. The part of the heal- 
 ing art which relates to external diseases ; their 
 treatment ; and, especially, to the manual ope- 
 rations adapted for their cure. Also, the office 
 of a surgeon. 
 
 - Surgery, Anaplastic, Morioplastlce — s. 
 Autoplastic, Morioplastlce — b. Dental, D'entis- 
 ,try. , ' ~ , 
 
 Surgery, BIil'itaby, (F.) Chirurgie mili- 
 taire, is that which relates to the operations to 
 be performed on the field of battle, or subse- 
 quently ;" — with the attention to be paid to the 
 wounded, &c. 
 
 Surgery, Op'eeaTive, is termed Aeiur'gia, 
 Acur'gia^ and Acidzcr'gia. 
 
 Surgery, Plastic, Moridplastice. 
 
 SUR'GIC AL, Chifur'gicus, (F.) Chirur'gical, 
 Chirurgique. That which relates to surgery ; 
 as surgical anatomy, surgical operations, sur- 
 gical rnstruments,'&e. 
 
 SURGIEN, Surgeon. . 
 
 SURIN AMINE, see Geoflrasa Surinamensis. 
 
 SUR-IRRITATION, see Irritation; 
 
 SUROXYGiNMSES. A name given by 
 Baumes to diseases attributed by him to super- 
 abundance of oxygen. 
 
 SURPEAU, Epidermis. 
 
 SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula. 
 
 SUR-R&NAL, Supra-renal. 
 
 SURROGATUM, Sutced'aneum. 
 
 SURSEL^, see Salt. 
 
 SURTOUTS LIGAMENTEUX DE LA 
 COLONNE VERT£BRALE, Vertebral liga- 
 ments. 
 
 SURUMPE (S.3 A disease to which the tra- 
 veller in the Cordilleras is liable. It coiisists of 
 a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the 
 reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The 
 eyes become violently inflamed, and the lids 
 swell and bleed. The pain is intense, and fre- 
 quently induces delirium. — Tschudi. 
 
 SURVIE, Survivorship. 
 
 SUKVI'VORSHIP, (F.) Survie, froin super- 
 vivere, {super, and vi'ycre,),(F.) survivre, 'to 
 live longer.' \n legal medicine, this word means 
 the probability that any individual has survived 
 others in an accident, which has been fatal to 
 all. This is often an important question, con- 
 nected with the inheritance of property, and on 
 which physiology can rarely aflbrd more than 
 presumptive grounds for conclusion. : 
 
 SUS, Supra. A French prefijc, signifying 
 ' above.' j 
 
 STTSrACROMIO-HUMARAL, Deltoid. 
 
 SUS-CARPIEN; from sus, (F.) 'above,' 
 and carpe, ' the wrist.' Above the wrist. An 
 epithet'given by Chaussier to the dorsal artery 
 of the wrist — Artire sus-carpienne — a branch 
 of the radiaL 
 
 SUS-£PINBUX, Supraspinatns-s. Jlfaa;i7?o- 
 labial. Levator anguli oris — s. Maxillo-labial, 
 grand, LevM-OV labii superipris alaeque nasi — S. 
 Maxillo-labial m^oyen. Levator labii superioris 
 proprius — s. Maxillo^nasal, Compressor naris 
 — s. Optico-spheno-scleroticien, Rectus superior 
 ocull — s. Orbiiaire, feupra-orbitar — s.Phalan- 
 gien du police. Abductor pollicis brevis — s, 
 Pubio -femoral, Pectinalis — s. Scapulo-trockite- 
 rien, le plus petit. Teres minor — s. Scap^do- 
 trockiterien, petit, Supraspinatus — s. Spino- 
 scapulo-trochiterien, Supraspinatus. 
 
 SUSCEPTIBILITY, from facile suscipiens, 
 {sub or S7ii, and capio, ' I take,') ' easily taking, 
 or undertaking.' Sensibility, in its most en- 
 larged acceptation. Impressibility. This term, 
 with the epithet nervous, is sometimes used for 
 that increase in the moral sensibility which is 
 particularly observed in nervous affections. 
 
SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM 
 
 817 
 
 SUTURE 
 
 SDSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussus- 
 ception. 
 
 SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster. 
 
 SUSPENSA, Ensorema. 
 
 SUSPENSOIRE, Suspensory. 
 
 SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory— s. .Testis,,. 
 Cremaster. 
 
 SUSPEN'SORY, Suspenso'rius, from sus- 
 pendere, (sub or sus, ' under,' and pendere; ' to 
 hang,') 'to hang under.' {F.)Sfispe7isoire. That 
 which sustains or suspends. 
 
 Suspensory Bandage, Suspenso'rinm, is a 
 bandage intended to support the scrotum, in 
 cases of disease pf the testicle or of scrotal 
 hernia. It consists of a kind of bag, fixed above 
 to a cincture, and retained below by strings 
 passing between the thighs, and fixed to the 
 cincture behind. 
 
 StfsPENsoEit Ligament of the Liver, Lig- 
 amen'tum suspenso'rimn he'patis, Perpendic^- 
 tilum he'patis, is a triangular duplicature of the 
 peritoneum, between the inferior surface of the 
 diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver, 
 which is continuous with the great falx of the 
 umbilical vein. 
 
 Suspensory Ligament of the Penis is a 
 fibro-cellular fascia, of a triangular shape, 
 which extends from the anterior part of the 
 symphysis pubis to the corpus cavernosum, 
 which it sustains. A similar ligament belongs 
 to the clitoris. 
 
 SUSPENSUM, Enseorema— s. Urine, Enaeo- 
 rema. 
 
 SUSPIRATIO, Suspirium, 
 
 SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium. 
 
 SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium," 
 
 SUSPIR'IUM, Suspira'tio, SusppTa'tiiSySus- 
 pir'itus, from suh or stis, ' under,' and spiro, ' I 
 breathe;' Mygvius, Mych'imis, Mychtkis'mus, 
 Stenag'mus, Stenax'is ; a sigh, (¥.) Soiipir. 
 A short breathing; A slow, voluntary con- 
 traction of the diaphragm and intercostal mus- 
 cles, the effect of Which is to restore the. due 
 relation between the circulation and respiration, 
 or to free ourselves from an inconvenient sense 
 of weight felt in the chiest, when we are much 
 depressed, — a v?eiglit, which appears to be 
 chiefly dependent on thejunctions of the heart 
 being disturbed through the moral influence. 
 The sigh differs'from the Sob : — the latter Being 
 involuntary and spasmodic. Sighing, occurring 
 in fevers to a great extent^ indicates considera- 
 ble depression. When accompanied with a 
 vocal sound, it constitutes a groan. 
 
 Suspirium, Ca'rdiacum, Angina pectoris. 
 
 SUSTENTACULUM, Aliment. 
 
 SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector 
 clitoridis — s. Penis, Erector penis. 
 
 SUSURRUS, Bourdonnemtnt — s. Aurium, 
 Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 SUTELA, Suture. 
 
 SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum. 
 
 SUTORIUS, Sartorius. 
 
 SUTTER, Saccharum. 
 
 SUTURA ABDOMINALIS, Gastroraphy— 
 S. Arcualis, Coronal suture — s. Biparietalis, 
 Sagittal siiture — s. Clavataj Suture, quilled — s. 
 Cranii squamosa, Squamous suture — s. Dentata, 
 see Suture — s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture 
 — s. Jugalis, Sagittal suture — s. Lambdoidalis, 
 Lambdoid suture— s. Limbosa, see Suture — s. 
 Lepidoides, Squamous suture — s. Mendosa, 
 Squamous suture — s. Notha,see Suture — s. Obe- 
 
 Isea, Sagittal suture — s. Ossium Spuria, Har- 
 mony — s. PrortB, Lambdoid suture — s. Punctata, 
 Suture, common — s. Puppis, Coronal stature — 
 3. Rhabdoides, Sagittal suture — s. Serrata, see 
 Suture — s. Serrata, Sagittal suture — s. Vera, 
 see Suture* - ■' 
 
 , SUTURE, Sutu'ra, Sutfla, ArmH, Rhaphl, 
 from suere, suttim,' to stitch;' Dove-tail joint, 
 (F.) Engremire. A kind of immovable articu- 
 lation, in whi<;h the bones unite by means of, 
 serrated edges, which are, as it were, doi^e-t'ailed 
 into 'each others The articulations of the 
 greater jiart of the bones of the skull are of this 
 kind. The coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal 
 sutures are called true sutures, the two tempo- 
 ral are called /o^«e sutures, suturse uothse. 
 
 A dintated suture- — Sutu'ra denta'ta — is one 
 in which the processes are long and dentiform, 
 ^ as in the interparietal suture. In a strrated 
 suture- — sutu'ra seu syntax'is serra'ta — the in- 
 dentations and processes are small and fine, 
 like the teeth of a saw, as in the suture between 
 the two portions of the frontal bone. In the 
 sutu'ra limbo' sa there is along with the den- 
 tated margins a. degree of bevelling of one, so 
 that one bone rests on the other, as in the oc- 
 cipito-parietal suture. 
 
 Suture, in Surgery, Rha'phE,tnea.-ns an opfe- 
 ration which consists in stitching the lips of a 
 wound to procure their ' union. The suture 
 was, at one time, largely employed; but, in 
 modern times, its use has been wisely restrict- 
 ed. There are few wounds in which the edges 
 may not be brought together by adhesive plaster 
 appropriately ?ipplied. This kind- of union, by 
 adhesive plaster simply, has been absurdly 
 termed Sutura sicca or dry suture, in opposi- 
 tion to the , &itura eruenta or suture properly 
 so called. The suture is generally performed 
 with waxed thread and straight or curyed 
 needles, according to the arrangement of parts. 
 
 The chief sutures are the interrupted suture, 
 the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and\he 
 ■twisted suture. 1. The Inteerup'ted Suture, 
 (F.) Stitti7-e a poiitts separds. Suture entrecoupee, 
 is performed by passing a needle, arrtied with a 
 ligature, through the lips of the wound previ- 
 ously brought into contact; and then tying the 
 extremities of the thread. The other stitches 
 are made in the same manner. They are sepa- 
 rate or interrupted. It is the suture most com- 
 monly used. 9. The Quilled Suture, Sutura 
 clava'ta,{'E.) Suture enchevillee on emplumi^ on 
 empennde, Compound Suture, is merely the in- 
 terrupted suture', with this difference, that the 
 ligatures are not- tied over the face of the 
 wound, but over two quills or rolls of plaster, 
 or bougies, which are laid along the sides of 
 the wound. It is used by some surgeons, on 
 account of there being less dinger of the stitches 
 tearing out. It is not much employed. 3. 
 The Glover's Suture, Contin'ued Suture, XJH- 
 interritp'ted Suture, (F.) "Suture de Pelletier, 
 Suture en surget, is executed. by introducing 
 the needle first into one lip of the wound from 
 within outwards, then into the- other in the 
 same way; and, in this manner, sowing up the 
 whole extent of the wound. It has been chiefly 
 used in wounds of the intestinal canal. - It is 
 now rarely employed except for stitching up 
 dead bodies. The common stitch or suture, 
 Sutura puncta'ta, (F.) Suture d points passes, 
 has been used in similar cases. 4. The Royal 
 
SWADDLING CLOTHES 
 
 818 
 
 SYMBLEPHAROSrS 
 
 Stitch or Sdtuee is the name of ?.n old opera- 
 tion for, the cure of bubonocele. It consisted 
 in pa'ting a ligature under the hernial sac, 
 close to the abdominal ring, and then tying 
 that part of the sac. so as to render it impervi- 
 ous by the adhesive inflammation thus excited. 
 5. The Twisted Suture, (V.) Suture entor- 
 tillie, is emphjyed, chiefly, to unite wounds of 
 the cheeks and of the free edges of the lips. To 
 perform it, a pin or needle is passed through 
 , the edges of the wound," so as to keep them 
 accurately in contact. A piece' of thread js 
 then wound accurately round the pin, from one 
 side of the division to the other, in the form of 
 the figure i> . The number of pins and sutures 
 must, of course, correspond with the extent of 
 the wound. This is the suture used in cases of 
 harelip. fi.The SiTTZTKB A ANSE,o[te Dran, 
 has only been emplo3red in cases of wounds of 
 the intestines. For' this purpose, the edges of 
 the wound are .brought together, and as many 
 needles, with unwaxed threads, used as there 
 are to be stitches. Each stitch is^ then rnade 
 by passing a needle through the. edges; and all 
 the ligatures which belong to one side of the 
 wound, are tied together, and twisted sq ag to 
 form a thread, which is fixed externally. 
 
 Suture, Compound, Suturp, quilled — s. Cout 
 tinued. Suture, glover's^j. Jicailleuse, Squa- 
 mous suture — s. Empennee, Suture, quilled — ^5. 
 Emplumee, Suture, quilled — s. Enchevillde, 
 Suture, quilled— s. EiitortiUee, Suture, twisted 
 — s. Entreroitpee, Suture, interrupted — s. False, 
 Harmonyr— .?. Occijiitaie, Lambdoid suture — s. 
 Occipitoparietal, Lambdoid suture — 's. de Pel- 
 letier. Suture, glover's — s. d Points passes, 
 Suture, common — s. a Points separes. Suture, 
 interrupted — s. Sagittal, see Sagittal suture— 
 s.Sijuamense, Squamous suture — s. en S/crget, 
 Suture, glover's — s. Superficial, Harmony — s. 
 Uninterrupted, see Suture, glover's. 
 
 SWADDLING C L T HES, Swathing 
 clothes. 
 
 SWALLOW, Hirundo— s. Wort, Asclepias 
 vincetoxicum — s. Wort, orange, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa^s. Wort, tuberous-ropted, Asclepias tube- 
 rosa — s. Wort, white, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
 
 SWAMP CABBAGE, Dracontium fcetidum 
 — s. Sickness, Milk sickness— s. Wood, Cepha- 
 lanthus occidentalis, Dirca palustris. 
 
 SWATHING CLOTHES, Swaddling 
 Clothes^ Incnnab'ula, Fascics, Panni, from Sax. 
 rpeBan,'to bind.' (F.) Maillot. The kind of 
 clothing or bandaging formerly applied to chil- 
 dren during the first year of life. It is now, 
 properly, laid aside, and every freedom allowed 
 to muscular exertion. 
 
 SWEAT, Sudor — s. Blopdy, Sudor cruentus 
 — s. Scab, Crusta genu equina. 
 
 SWEATING OF BLOOD, see Diapedesis, 
 and Sudor cruentus — s. Plant, Eupatorium per- 
 foliatum — s. Sickness, Sunlor Anglicus. 
 
 SWEATING SICKNESS, MALWAH. A 
 disease which appears to be allied to the worst 
 form of cholera, and to bear a close relation to 
 malignant congestive fever. As its name im- 
 ports, it occurs in Malwah in India. 
 
 SWEET BITTER, Triosteum — s. Bush, 
 Comptonia asplenifolia — s. Fern, Comptonia 
 asplenifolia — s. Flag, Acorus calamus — s. Pod, 
 Ceratonium siliqua — s. Root, Aralianudicaulis. 
 
 SWELLING, Epanaste'ma, Erai'ma, Ex(r- 
 de'sis, Presis, Presma, Oncus, Extumefailtio, 
 
 Tumor, Tumefac'tio, (F.) Enfiure, Gonflenunt, 
 from Sax. rPellan, (D.) s w e 1 1 e n (G.) 
 s c h we lleo, .'to swell.' Morbid increase of 
 bulk in the whole, or a part, of the body. See 
 Tuiiiour. 
 
 Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus. 
 SWERTIA CHIRAYITA.Gcntiana chirayita 
 — s. Diflbrmis, see Calumba — s. Frasera, see 
 Calumba. 
 
 SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA, FebVifugf 
 Svllete'nia, (^ .) Mah-o^an febrif'ltge. Family , 
 Meliaceae. Sex. Syst. Decahdf ia JVIonogynia. 
 The bark of this tree, which is a native of the 
 East Indies, and called there Kohena Bark, has 
 an aromatic odour and bitter taste. It is tonic 
 and stomachic, and has been used iri intermit- 
 teftts, and in diseases where bitter tonics art 
 indicated. Dose, 3 j to 9 ij of the powder. 
 
 Swiete'nia Mahos'ani, iKiAo^ffiwy Tree, 
 grows in the West Indies and tropical Ame- 
 rica, and is possessed of similar properties. 
 
 SWIMMING, Natation— s. of the Head, Ver- 
 tigo.- 1 , . 
 
 SWOON, Syncope. , ' 
 
 SYALADENI'TIS, Infla/nvma'tio gUndula'- 
 rum ealiva'lium, from a-iaXov, ' Saliva,' aSt]v, ' a ' 
 gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
 flammation of the salivary glands. ' 
 
 SYC AMINOS, Morus nigra. 
 
 SYCAMINUM, see Morus nigra. 
 
 SYCE, Ficus, Ficus carica. 
 
 ,SYCEA,Ficus. 
 
 SYCEPH'ALUS, from awj « with,' and xt- 
 <poc>.>i, 'head.' A monster having two heads 
 united together. , 
 
 . SYCION, a-u^ier, from o'uotv, ' a fig.' A de- 
 coction of dried figs. 
 
 BYCI'TES, from o-t/xov, ' a fig.' Wine, in 
 which figs have been infused. 
 
 S3fciTES, Catorchites.. 
 
 SYCOMA, Ficus. 
 
 SYCO'SISi Same etymon. A tumour of 
 the shape of a fig. Also, a (fungous ulcer. A 
 horny excrescence about the eyelids. Dr. 
 Bateraan defines, it: — an eruption of inflamed 
 but not very hard tubercles occurring pn the 
 bearded portion of the face and on the scalp, 
 iri adults ; and usually clustering together in 
 irregular patches; — Pfiyma Syeo^sis, Rose'ola 
 fico'sa. Of this he, has given two species : 1 . 
 Sycosis Menti, S. harbce', Men'tagra, Menti'go, 
 Varus Men'tagra, Chinvielh, Barber's Itch, 
 (F.) Dartre pustulense me7itagre: and, 2. Syco- 
 sis Capil'li, S. Cdpillifii. The treatment, in 
 both cases, resembles that for Porrigo favosa. 
 
 Sycosis, Ficus. 
 
 SYCUM, Ficus. 
 
 SYDERATIO, Sideratio. 
 
 SYLLEPS10L0G"IA, from ^vXiriyfit, ' con- 
 ception," arid xoyoc, < a description.' The doc- 
 trine of conception. 
 
 SYM, SYN, o-uv, « with, together^' like the 
 CM?«, con, col, cor, &c., of the Latins. A com- 
 mon prefix. Before b, p, ph, ps, and m, — sym, 
 or xyji, is changed into sym or xym, (com;) be- 
 fore c, ch, g, k, and a:, into syn or xyn, nuy, %"•/, 
 (con;) before I into syl or xyl, (col;) before r 
 into syr or xyr (cor ;) and before s into sy or xy, 
 and .viy.s,(co and COS.) 
 
 SYMBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
 
 SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, Concre'tio pnlpebra'- 
 rum cum balbo oc'vli, from out, ' with,' and 
 (SAeipujoir, ' an eyelid.' A preternatural adhe- 
 
SYMBOLE 
 
 819 SYMPLOCARPUS ANGUSTISPATHA 
 
 sion between the eyelids ; and especially be- 
 tween the upper eyelid and globe of the eye. 
 
 Symblephaeosis, Ankyloblepharon. '^" 
 
 SYMBOLE, Commissure. 
 
 SYMBOCEUSIS, Consultation, 
 
 SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy. < 
 
 SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology. 
 
 SYMBOLUM, Sympathy. 
 
 SYM'MELES; from cruf,' with,' and ^hXh, 
 't,nextiexnity.\ Mon'opvs. A genus of monsters 
 whose extremities are joined together. — I. G. 
 St. Hilalre. 
 
 SYMMETRIA, Symmetry. 
 
 SYMMETRICAL, Symmet'nctcs,irvtiit.iTii>t, 
 from am, ' with,' and ^6j{tif, ' to measure.' An 
 epithet given to those parts of the body, which, 
 if seated on the median line, may be divided 
 into two equal, and perfectly like halves ; or 
 which — if situate, the orje to the right, the 
 other to the left of this line — have a similar con- 
 formation, and a perfectly analogous arrange- 
 ment. 
 
 SYM'METRY, ' Symmet'ria, Commen' sivm, 
 MeTnbro'rwm Om/niwm ^ompeten'tia, Piopor'tio. 
 The regularity in form, observed in many parts, 
 situate on the median line j and also, the resem- 
 lilance which exists between many organs that 
 are situate on each side the median linq. Bi- 
 chat first noticed that this symmetry was con- 
 fined to the organs of animal life ; as the head, 
 brain, spine, organs of sense, of locomotion, &c. 
 
 SYMPARATERESIS, Observation. 
 
 SYMPASMAi Catapasma. 
 
 SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMPATHET'IC, Sympath'ievs, Si/mpathe- 
 ticus, (F.) Sympathiqiie, from trvr, 'with,'iand^ 
 na9in, 'suffering.' That which depends on 
 sympathy. iSympathetic affections of an organ 
 are those morbid phenomena that supervene 
 without any morbific cause acting directly on 
 it, and by the rejection of another organ jfjrima- 
 rily affected. Thus, itching of the nose is a 
 sympathetic affertion, produced by irritation in 
 the intestinal canal. 
 
 The e^iihstr sympathetic is also given to dif- 
 ferent nerves. Bee Trisplanchnic, Pneumogas- 
 tric, and Facial. 
 
 Sympathetic, Great, Trrisplanchic nerve 
 — s. Middle, Pneumogastric. 
 
 Sympathetic' Powder, Pulvis sympathct'- 
 icus of Sir Kenelm Digby, was composed of 
 calcined snlphate of iron, prepared in a particu- 
 lar manner. It was long supposed to be able 
 to cure a wound, if applied to the wealpon that 
 inflicted it ; or even to a portion of the bloody 
 clothes. It is proper to remark, however, that 
 the wound itself was carefully excluded from 
 the air, and frorri all irritation. '^ 
 
 SYMPATHETICUS MINOR, Facial nerve. 
 
 SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy. 
 
 SYMKATHIA, Consent of parts. 
 
 SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic. 
 
 STMPATHIQUE, Sympathetic. 
 
 SYMPATHY, Sympathi'ar Sympothe'- 
 «'.v, CoTnpas'sio, Consensus, Sympathetis'mus , 
 Xympathi'a, Covjliix'io, Conspira'tio, CoT/i- 
 mef^cium, Consor'tium, HoTnoiopathi'a, Homo- 
 eth'nia, Adelphix'is, SymhoHs'mus, Symholi- 
 za'tio, Sym'holnm, The connexion that exists 
 between the action of two or more organs, 
 more or less distant from each other j so that 
 the affection of the first is transmitted, seconda- 
 
 rily, to the others, or to one of the others, by 
 means unknown. A knowledge of the par- 
 ticular sympathies between differept organs, 
 throws light on the etiology of diseases, their 
 seat, and, the particular organ towards which 
 our therapeutical means should he directed. 
 See Irritation. 
 
 SYMPEFSIS, Coction. 
 
 SYMPEXIS, Concretioh. 
 
 SYMPHORA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHOREMA, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
 
 SYMPHYIA, Symphysis. 
 
 feYMPHYOCEPH'ALUS, Metoj/ages, Ce- 
 phalofi'ages; from trviu<fv>it, 'united together,' 
 and'x£<i>uwi, 'head.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the head. 
 
 S^YUP}iY!iEO^:'OMS,Symphysot'omy,Syn- 
 chondrot'omy, Symphyseotom'ia, Symphysio- 
 tom'ia, from pijff<t>i"ist and rt/xvu, ' I cut.'' The 
 operation or section of the' Symphysis, Sigaiti- 
 tiafi operation, Sigii-ultlan section, ■ This ope- 
 ration is performed with the view of augment- 
 ing the diameter of the pelvis, in order to faci- 
 litate delivery in certain cases of faulty confor- 
 mation of that cavity, with wedging of the head 
 of the child therein. To pferform the operation, 
 (F.) disyfnphyser, the female is placed on her 
 back; the pubfes is shaved ; and, with a strong 
 scalpfrl, the soft parts are divided on the mediaii 
 line. The articulation is then cut. As soon 
 as the fibrous part^, which hold the bones toge- 
 ther, are divided, they separate to a certain dis- 
 tance from each other ; and the delivery may be 
 accomplished. The knife, with which the ope- 
 ration is performed, is -called, by the French, 
 Coitteau symphysieii, 
 
 SYMPHYSTA, from a-ufi^mn:, 'a growing 
 together.' , A malformation consisting in the 
 union of parts that, are usually divided. — 
 
 SYJVIPHYSIOTOMIA, Symphyse,otomy. 
 
 SYM'PHYSIS, Symphyia, Coaleseen'tia, Co- 
 al'itus, from oi*ji«puo), (o'l/v, ' with,' and <pu«),' ' I 
 grow,') • I unite together.' A union of bones. 
 The bond of such union. The aggregate of 
 means used for retaining bon«s in situ in the 
 articulations. The name symphysis has, how- 
 ever, been more ^particularly appropriated . to 
 dertain articulations ; as to the symphysis pubis, 
 sacroiliac symphysis, &c.- 
 
 Symphysis, Coalescence, Commissure, Inser- 
 tion— ^s. Cartilagirtea, Synchondrosis — s. Liga- 
 mentosa. Syndesmosis — s. Ossium muscularis, 
 Syssarcosis — s. Pubis, Pubic articulation. 
 
 SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 
 SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary. 
 
 SYM PHYTUM. Same etymon. Symphy- 
 tum ' offixina'le', Consol'ida major, Comfrey, 
 Ahim, Alus, (F.) Grande Qonsoiide. Fg,mily, 
 Boragin'eae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
 The roots of this European plant are very mu- 
 cilaginous, and are employed as emollients. 
 They are used in decoction in haemoptysis; 
 dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, &e. 
 
 Symphytum, Solidago virgaurea — s. Mini- 
 mum, Bellis — s. Minus, Prunella. 
 
 Symphytum PetrjE'um, Coris Monspelien'sis, 
 Montpeilier Coris. An intensely bitter, and 
 nauseous plant, which is said to have been useful 
 in syphilis. See, also, Sanicula. 
 
 SYMPLOCARP'DS ANGUSTISPATHA, 
 
STMPODIA 
 
 820 
 
 SYNDROME 
 
 Dracontium angustispatha— s. Fffitida, Dracon- 
 tium fcetidum. 
 
 SYMPOD'IA, Monopod'ia ; from am, ' to- 
 gether,' and ntivt, vohf, 'a foot.' A mon- 
 strosity in • which there is coalescence of the 
 lower extremities. 
 
 SYMPTOJM, Sympto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, 
 from o-uy, ' with,' and a-Tu^, ' a fall,' from 
 ni-TTai, ' I fall.' Any change, perceptible to the 
 senses in any organ or function, which is con- 
 nected with morbific influence. It is by the 
 aggregate and succession of symj)toms that a 
 disease' is detected. The term symptoms of 
 jy»y!tows« has been used for the effects which 
 result from the , symptoms of a disease ; but 
 which effects are not essentially connected with 
 the disease itself. Thus tl^e debility arising from 
 the frequency of the evacuations in dysentery is 
 a symptom of symptoms. See Sigh. 
 
 SYMPTOMA TURPITUDINIS, Nympho- 
 mania. 
 
 SYMPTOMAT'IC, Symptomat'icus. That 
 which is a symptom of some other affection. 
 Thus we speak of a symptomatic disease,, in 
 opposition to one that is idiopathic 
 
 SYMPTdMATOL'OGY,Sympto»«ofoZog'"»a, 
 Synibolo^'ica, from o-i/^Trrai^ta, ' a symptom,' 
 arid io),os,^<a'treatise.' The branch of patho- 
 Jogy, the object of which is the knowledge of 
 symptoms. . 
 
 SYMPTO'SIS, from avv, ' with,', and a-iwro), 
 ' I fall.' Depression or collapse, emaciation or 
 atrophy, either of the whole body or of a part, 
 
 SYNjEREMA, Gorr'ugation. 
 
 SYN^TION, Concausa. 
 
 SYNANCHE, Cynanchfe, Cynanche tonsil- 
 laris. 
 
 syjV^iVC/E, Cynanche. 
 
 SYNAPHYIMENITIS, see Ophthalmia. 
 
 SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis. 
 
 SYNARTHR O'DIAL, Synarfhrodia'lis, 
 from 5-uv, ': with,' and ag^gairif, ' articulation.' 
 Th^t which belongs to syharthrosis ; as Synar- 
 throdial articulation. 
 
 SYNARTHRO'SIS, Synartkro'Oia, Aharti- 
 cula'tio, Coarticula'tio. An immovable arti- 
 culation. Synarthrosis includes three species : 
 Suture, Harmony y and Gomphosis. 
 
 SYNATHROESIS, Congestion. 
 
 SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion. 
 
 SYNCAN'THUS, from o-i/v, 'with,' and x»v- 
 6p?, ' the corner of the eye.' A morbid adhesion 
 between tl)e globe of the eye and the orbit. 
 
 SYNCHONDRO'SIS, Sym'pkysis seu Cop'ula 
 seu Conneay'io cariilagin'eafihondro^ynde&m'us^ 
 from 5-u>, ' with,' and /ovjgo;, ' a cartilage.' 
 Union or articulation of bones by means of car- 
 tilage : — as the articulations of the ribs with the 
 sternum, by means of their cartilages of pro- 
 longation. 
 
 SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
 
 SYNCHRONIUS, Synchronous. 
 
 SYN'CHRONOUS, Syrichrorlus, Synchron'- 
 ius, Isbch'ronous, from auv, ' With,' and ^Qoiat, 
 ' time.' That which occurs at the same time. 
 Thus the pulsations of an artery may be syn- 
 chronous with those of the heart. 
 
 SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous. 
 
 SYNCHYSIS, Confusion. 
 
 SYNCIPUT, Sinciput. 
 SYNCLONESISj Synclonus. 
 SYN'CLONUS, Synclone'sis, from a-vynxe- 
 y!«, (»■«)', 'with,' and xxniiia, ' I shake.') 'I 
 
 shake together.' Olon'ici universa'les,' Clonus, 
 (Young.) Tremulous, simultaneous, and chro- 
 nic agitation of various muscles, especially 
 when excited by the wilK Also, general spasm, 
 spasmus universal lis. See Tremor, ~ Chorea, 
 &c. 
 
 Stnclonds Ballismus, Paralysis agitans — s. 
 Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea, Chorea — s. Ra- 
 phahia, Raphania — s^ Saltans, Chorea — s.i Tre- 
 mor, Tremor. 
 
 SYNCOMIS'TUS, from o-uj-no^ita., (ouy and 
 xofutm,) 'I bring together;' Aulop'yros, Panis 
 domes'ticus, secundarius, ciba'rius, confusa'' 
 ne.us. Bread of the whole wbeat or pi the un- 
 siftfed meal. Household bread. Also, a cata- 
 plasm made of the same. 
 
 SYN COPAL, ^yncopa'lis, Syncop'.tieus,Syn- 
 cop'tus. Same etymon as Syncope ; as fiyn'co- 
 pal Fever, Fehris Syncopa'lis^ A pernicious 
 intermittent characterised by repeated attacks 
 of syncope. 
 
 SYN'COPE, from avyt-onra, 'I fall down.' 
 An'imi defec'tio, Afiimi deli'quium, Leipopsy- 
 chia, Ijipopsych'ia, Apsych'ia, Apsyx'ia,- Zdp- 
 sis An'imi, Asphyx'ia, Apopsyck'ia, Lipothym'- 
 ia, Leipothym''ia,.Eclips'is,Su'bitus animi ca' 
 sus, ^woon. Faintingfit, (F.) £vano2dsse7nent, 
 Defaillance, Pamoison. Complete and, com- 
 monly, sudden loss of sensation and motion, 
 with considerable diiiiinution, or entire sus- 
 pension of the pulsations of the heart and 
 the respiratory movements. Syncope is, com- 
 rnonly, an affection of no consequence; but, 
 sometimes, it is an index of diseased heart. 
 Placing the patient in, the horizontal posture ; 
 sprinkling cold water oyer the face and the ap- 
 plication of volatile substances to the nose, are 
 all that will be required during the fit. See 
 Asphyxia, and Suffocation. , 
 
 Syncope Angina, Angina pectoris — s. An- 
 ginosa, Angina pectoris. 
 
 SYNCOPTIGUS, Syncopal. 
 
 SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal. 
 
 SYNCRlTICA, Astringents. 
 
 SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus. 
 
 SYNDBSMITIS, see Ophthalmia. Also, in- 
 flammation of articular ligaments; Inflamma'- 
 tio Hgamento'rum. 
 
 SYNDESMOG'RAPHY, Sjrre(iesOTog-ra>fo'a, 
 from (TvviiT/ios, 'a ligament,' andj/gaqji;, 'a de- 
 scription.' A description ofjthe ligaments. 
 The part of anatomy which describes the liga- 
 ments. 
 
 SYNDESMOL'OGY, Syndesmolog"ia, from 
 :ruvieafitii, ' a ligament,' andjioyog, ' a treatise, 
 discourse.' A treatise on the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDES'MO-BHARYNGEUS. A fasci- 
 culus of the constrictor 'pharyngis superiot. 
 
 SYNDESMOS, Ligament. 
 
 SYNDESMO'SIS, Synneuro'sis, Synym^n'- 
 esis, Connex'io seu Sym'physis ligamento'sa, 
 Commissu'ra ner'vea, Connerva'tio, Colliga'tio, 
 from crvvii(r/^oc, 'ligament.' The articulation 
 of two or more bones by ineans of a ligament; 
 — as of the radius with the ulna. 
 
 S YNDESMOT'OMY, Syndesmotom'ia, from 
 oui JsJ-fiot , 'ligament,' and ti/jlhiii, 'I cut or dis- 
 sect.' Dissection of the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament. 
 
 SYN'DROME, from our, 'with,' and iooyot, 
 ' a course.' Concur'sns, Concourse. A name 
 given by the empirical sect to the union of 
 symptoms which takes place in diseases. Syn- 
 
SYNDYASMUS 
 
 821 
 
 SYNTEXIS 
 
 drome phtko'Hca, for example, meant the union 
 of symptoms produced by plethora. 
 
 SYNDYASMUS, Coition. 
 
 SYNECHES, see- Continued fever. 
 
 SYNECHI'A, from <ruv, ' with,' and (/tiv,« to 
 have,' or 'to hold.' Adhesion between the iris 
 and transparent cornea, pr between the iris and 
 crystalline lens. The former case is called 
 Syneckia ante'rior: the latter S. postt'rior. 
 
 SYNENERGIA, Synergy. 
 
 SYNERGIE, Synergy. 
 
 SYN/ERGY, Synergi'a, Syhenergi'a, (F.) 
 SjfTiergie; from <rvt,' with,' and iQyov, ' work.' 
 A correlation or concourse of action between 
 different organs in healthi and, according to 
 sotne,.in disease. 
 
 SYNESIS, liltellect. 
 ^SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYNEZI'ZIS, Sym'ze'sis, Considen'tia, from 
 fi/f, ' with,' and ttuyn/eiv, ' to join.' Parop'sis 
 Synizesis, Cali'goa Synizesi, Caligo Pupil'lgR, 
 Iviperfora'tio pit^pillx^ Glosnre or occlu'sion or 
 oblitera'tion of the Pupil, Phthisis Pupil'ks, 
 Amyo'sis. This disease is sometimes faulty 
 conformation, depending upon the continued 
 existence of the membrana papillaris, or the 
 absence of the pupil. It is, in other words, 
 congenital. At other times, it is owing to ac- 
 cident, and supervenes on violent ophthalmia, 
 or on the operation for cataract. They who 
 are affected with synezizis are completely 
 blind ; — the iris having no central aperture. In 
 certain cases, a remedy may be obtained by 
 making an opening in the iris, which may sup- 
 ply the place of the pupil, and through which 
 the rays of light may reach the retina. This 
 'operation is called the operation for artificial 
 pupil. ' ' 
 
 SYNGENES, Hereditary. 
 
 BYNGENICUS, Congenital 
 SYNHYMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
 SYNIMENESIS, SYnymenesis. 
 SYNIZESIS, Considentia, Svnezisis. 
 SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
 SYN'OCHA, from amix<'>, (o-uf, and tx.w, 'I 
 have or hold,') ' I continue.' Inflam'matory Fe- 
 ver, Dynam'ic Fever, Angiop'yra, Sthenop'yra, 
 Febris causo^des, F. catiT/iato'deSy Febris deu'- 
 rens, F, ardens, Febris contin'ua sanguin'ea, 
 Febris contin'ua non pzttris, Sy^t'od^us (Vo- 
 gel,) Febris acmas'tiea, ' Synochus impu'tris 
 (Galen,) Febris acu'ta,F. aciiHa sanguin'ea, F. 
 eon'tinens, F. continens non pu'trida^ F, an- 
 gioten'ica, F. sthenica, F. sangidn'ea, Homolf- 
 OTtos, F. inflamrruito'ria, Ene'cia cawma, Eneciti, 
 P. ton'ica, Phlogop'yrus, Caurfia, Calentura 
 cotitiniia, (F.) Filvre ardente, F. continente 
 inflamm,atoire, F. sanguine, F. irritative, F, 
 angeiotinique, F. injlammatoire. General in- 
 ftammation, Gastro-ent6rite intense. " A species 
 of continued fever, characterized by increased 
 heat; and by quick, strong, and hard pulse; 
 urine high-coloured j disturbance of mind slight. 
 It requires, of course, the most Active treat- 
 ment. 
 
 SvNocHA Rheumatica, Rheumatlsm, acute 
 — 3. Vaccina, Vaccina. 
 
 SYN'OCHAL, Synocha'lis; same etymon. 
 Relating to. or having the characters of, synocha. 
 SYN'OCHUS, Ene'cia syn'ochus, Febris 
 lenta, (Linnasus,) same etymon. Continued 
 fever, compounded of synocha and typhus : — in 
 its commencement often resembling the former ; 
 
 in its progress, the lattei : .Mixed fever, Com- 
 mon continued fever, Syn'ochoid fever. See 
 Continued fever, Fever, and Typhus. 
 
 Synochus, Synodha — S. Biliosa, Fever, gas- 
 tric. Fever, biliofls— s. Catarrhalis, Influenza 
 — s. Icterodes, Fever, yellow — s. Imputris, 
 Synocha — s. Miliaria, -Miliary fever — s. Vari- 
 xiella. Varicella. , 
 
 SYNOLCE, Spasm. 
 
 SYNONIA, Synovia. ■ 
 SYNOSTEOG'RAPHY, Synosteogra'phia, 
 iiomam, 'with,' ooteoi', 'a bone,' oaA yqaipm, 
 ' I describe.' The part of anatomy which de- 
 scribes the joints. 
 
 SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolo^'ia, from 
 ovv, 'with,' onrtor, 'a bone,' and Xoyo;, 'a 
 treatise.' A treatise on the joints. 
 
 SYWOSTEO'SIS, Synosto'sis, from o-i)v, 
 ' with,' and oortoj', ' a bone.' Union by means 
 of bone. 
 
 SYNOSTEOT'OMY, Synosteotom'ia,, from 
 a-vv, 'with,' o(rtiov, ' a bone,' and rt^isir, 'to 
 cut.' Dissection of the jdints. 
 
 SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis. 
 
 SYNOVIA, from irvv, ' with,' and war, ' an 
 egg.' Mucila'go, Un'guen,articula'rl, Syna'nia, 
 Axun'gia articuld'ris, JJnguen'tum seu Smeg- 
 ma -articiila're, Mucila'go articwlo'rurn . seu 
 jundtura'rum. Humor articuta'ris, Hydrar- 
 thrus. Humor seu Hu'miduM nati'vunt seu 
 -Gluten articulo'rum, (F.) Synovie. A fluid 
 resembling the white of egg, which is .exhaled 
 by the synovial membranes surrounding the 
 moveable articulations. The synovia has been 
 found, on analysis, to consist of, water, a little 
 albumen, soda, chI<Jride of sodium, phosphate 
 of lime, and — Fpurcroy fancied — li'ric acid. Its 
 use is to lubricate the joints, and the sheaths 
 in which tendons play. 
 
 SYNO'VIAL, Synovia'lis. That which re- 
 lates to the synovia. 
 
 Synovial GLands, Havers's Glands, Gland'- 
 ulsS articula'res, G. Synovia'les, G. Haversia'- 
 nx, are the secretory fringes, which float, in the 
 interior of the synovial capsules (see Capsules.) 
 They do not seem to be glandular. They have 
 been called Syno'vial finibrim, (F.) Frdnges 
 synoviales. 
 
 SYNOVI'TIS ; from Synovia, and itis, a ter- 
 mination denoting inflammation. A term, bad- 
 ly compbuiided, applied at times to inflamma- 
 tion of the synovial membrane. 
 
 Synovitis Rheumatismalis, Rheumatism, 
 (acute.) 
 
 SYN'TASIS, avvTxais, from a-urrsivoi, (<rw, 
 andT:f/r»,'I stretch,')'! strain.' Tension of 
 parts: hence iruvTaTixm, are medicines which 
 render parts tense. Synteic'is, on the other 
 hand, means Colliqua/tio., or wasting of the 
 body; from tuvtijxw, '1 melt together.' 
 
 SYNTAXIS, Articulation, Reduction, Taxis 
 — s. Serrata, see Suture. 
 
 SYNTECOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTECTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
 
 SYNTENO'SIS, from o-i-v, ' with,' and thtov, 
 'a tendon.' A species of articulation in which 
 two bones are joined by means of tendon ; as 
 the sesamoid bones with the toes, the fotula 
 with the tibia, &c. 
 
 SYNTERESIS, Prophylaxis. 
 
 SYNTERETICUS, Prophylactic. 
 
 SYNTEXIS, Colliquation, Consumption. ' 
 
STNTHENA 
 
 822 
 
 STB.INGOTOME 
 
 SYNTHENA. A term employed by Para- 
 celsus to designate a species of epilepsy, ac- 
 companied by cardialgia and tormina. 
 
 SYN' THESIS, JJ«(')ijo, ' composition or put- 
 ting together,' from imp,, and ti,"<),^(, ' I place.' 
 A surgical operation, which consists in uniting 
 parts that are divided; and approximating such 
 as are separated or distant from each other, 
 Reu'nio ■par'tiii.m. separata'Ttim, Syti'ihesis of 
 eontinu'ity, means the union of the edges' of a 
 wound, or the approximation of the extremities 
 of a fractured bone. Sy-ntkesisofcontigit'ityis 
 the reduction of displaced organs; as in cases of 
 hernia and luxations. 
 
 Synthesis, Composition. 
 
 SYNTHETIS'M U S, same etymon. The ag- 
 gregate of operations and means for reducing a 
 fracture, and maintaining it reduced: — com- 
 prising extension, counter-extension, coapta- 
 tion, and bandaging. 
 
 SYNTRIMMA, Contritio. ^ 
 
 SYNTRIP.^IS, Contritio. 
 
 SYNTROPHOrf, Connutritus. 
 
 SYNULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
 
 SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 SYNUSIA, Coition. 
 
 SYNYMEN'ESIS,- Synhymen'esis, Synimen'- 
 «jts, from-nai,' with,' and 'u.m.v, 'a membrane.' 
 Union of bones by menlbrane, as in the case of 
 the bones of the head in the fcetus. 
 
 Stnymenesis, Syndesmosis. 
 
 SYPHAR, Peritoneum. 
 
 SYPHILIDES, Syphili'da, (F.) Dermo-sy- 
 pkilideSf Derinatosies veroleusrs, fc>ame ety- 
 mon as Syphilis. The cutaneous eruptions that 
 accompany constitutional syphilis are so deno- 
 minated by the French writers. 
 
 SYPHILIDIA'TEJI, -^yphilidiatrus, from 
 Syj/ihilis, and laTj'o,-, ' a physician.' A pox 
 doctor. One who occupies himself in treating 
 syphilis. 
 
 SYPHILIDOMANIA, Syphilomania. 
 
 SYPHYLIPHO-BI A ; from Syphilis and «o,«=s, 
 ' dread.' A morbid dread of syphilis, giving 
 rise to fancied symptoms of the disease : a form 
 of hypochondriasis. 
 
 SYPH'ILIS, Morbus Gal'licus, Sipkilis, Sy- 
 philis'Tn-us, Cachex'iti venerea, Gachochym'ia 
 Vene'rea, Malum vene'reum, Mor'bus Jtcd'icus, 
 M, Hisipan'icuii, Pnden'dagra, huesiy Me'vium, 
 hties vene'rea, lilies sypfdlis. Morbus opkrodis'- 
 ivs, Syphilis'veiierea,S. maligna. Morbus Nea-- 
 fdHta'nus, Morbus -In'dicas, Patnrsa, Basi- 
 Us'cus, Boa, Sod'ornri Qallo'rwm ; Venereal, 
 Venereal Disease, Fox, French Pox-; ( F.) 
 Verole, Maladie venerienne, Mai de Naples, 
 Mai Frangais, Maladii de Venus. The ety- 
 mology of syphilis is unknown. Some consider, 
 it to proceed fi^omo-u-, 'ahog;' and others, from 
 o-i()>o?, — formed, by contraction, from (nmi^itc, 
 'shameful,' 'dirty,' &c. It is an infectious 
 disease, communicable by coition, or by the 
 contact of parts that are only lined with a thin 
 epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &c. Itgenerally 
 makes its first appearance by a chancre, fol- 
 lowed sooner or later by a bubo. The chancre 
 is a primary synnptom or sore ; but there are 
 others which are secondary or constitutional. 
 These are : — ulcers in the throat ; copper-co- 
 loured blotches on the skin; pains in the bones, 
 nodes, &c.: the last are sometimes termed ter- 
 tiary phenomena. The origin of syphilis is not 
 known. It is believed to have been introduced 
 
 Into Europe from Americajat the end of the 
 15th century [?]. Its progress is extremely 
 variable, as well as its duration, which is often 
 unlimited, if left to itself. Mercury may he 
 esteemed the best remedy, but the disease ad- 
 mits of cure without it. Almost every antisy- 
 philitic composition, whose use is attended with 
 success; pfobably contains mercury united with 
 diaphoretics or other medicines. It is gene- 
 rally sufficient to keep the mouth sore for a 
 fortnight for the cure of chancre: for venereal 
 sore throat, and other recent constitutional 
 symptoms, eight or ten weeks will be required; 
 and,^ of course, a longer time, if these symptoms 
 hav-e persistedionger. Sometimes, after mer- 
 cury has been given for a time, the symptoms 
 continue stationary; and do not yield until the 
 mercury has been discontinued, and tonics and 
 eutrophics have been administered. The pre- 
 parations of iodine have been much used, of late, 
 in the revellent treatment of this disease. 
 Syphilis' Indica) Frambcesia. 
 Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des, 
 Pseudo-syphilis. ' A term given to ulcers or 
 other affections that resenible syphilis, but are 
 indeterminate in their character, — the symp- 
 toms being irregular in their appearance, and 
 usually yielding spontaneously, or under the 
 use of tonics, change of air, &c. The condition 
 has not been at all well defined. The Sivvens, 
 Radesyge, &c.. have been referred to this head. 
 SYPHILISMUS, Syphilis. 
 SYPHILOMA'NIA, Syphilidow.a'nia,—v\i[- 
 garly. Noddle Pox^ A mania, with which 
 some persons are affected. So that they subject 
 themselves to antivenereal treatment, under the 
 notion that they are effected with syphilis. 
 SYPHITA, Somnambulism. 
 SYPHO-AORfCULARIrf, Otenchytes. 
 SYRIGMOPHO'NIA, from nu»;y^.t, 'whist- 
 ling,' and ^luri), 'voice.' A piping state of the 
 voice. 
 SYRtpMUS, Tinnitus aurinm. 
 SYRINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula,. Sy- 
 ringe, Tracliea. 
 
 Syringa Clysmatioa, Syringe, Clyster. 
 Syrin'ga Vulga'eis, Common Lilac. The 
 leaves and fruitare bitter and somewhat acrid, 
 and have been used as a tonic and antiperiodic. 
 SYRINGE, Syr'inx^^yrin'ga, Bipho .Siphun'- 
 cnla^, (F.) Seringne, from cv^iyl, ' a p'pe.' A 
 familiar apparatus through which any liquor ia 
 squirted. 
 
 Various forms of syringe are used in medi- 
 cine and surgery. ' ' 
 
 Syringe, Clystee, Syrin'ga clysmat'ica,Cly- 
 santli'iim, (F.) Clysopompe. A syringe for ad- 
 ministering clysters. 
 
 Syringe, Cupping, Antlia sanguisuga. 
 SYRINGICUS, Fistulous. ' 
 SYRINGI'TIS EUSTA'CHII, Inflammation 
 of the Eustachian tube. 
 
 SYRINGMOS, Tinnitus aurium. 
 SYRTNGODES, Fistulous. 
 STRIN&OTOME, Syrivgot'omus, Syrin- 
 got'omum, from cv^iyf^, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,' 
 and Te*/ttii, ' to cut.' A surgical instrument, 
 formerly used in the operation for fistula in 
 ano. It is a bistouri, concave at its edge, and 
 terminated by a long, flexible, probe-pointed 
 stylet. This stylet or probe was first intro- 
 duced by the external opening of the fistula into 
 the rectum,, whence it was drawn externally 
 
SYRINGOTOMIA 
 
 823 
 
 SYRUPUS 
 
 through the anus, carTyihg ■with it the cutting 
 edge of the instrument, which diyided the in- 
 termediate parts. The operation for fistula in 
 ano has been called Syrivgotomy. 
 
 SYRINGOTOMl A. Same etymon as thelast. 
 The operation for fistula in ano by incision. 
 
 SYRINX, Eustachian tube, Fistula, Bytinge, 
 Trachea — s. Hiera, Vertebral columh. i 
 
 SYRM AlS MOS, from .ruu^uiCw, ' I evacuate.' 
 A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool. ■ 
 
 SXROP, Syrup — s. d'Ail, Syrupus allii— *. 
 d'Armolse compose, Syrupus aromaticUs^i. de 
 Ghicoree compose, Syrupus de chicorio compo- 
 situs — s, des Cinq racuies, Syrupus e quinque 
 radicibus— i. de Cnisiuier, Syrupus de sarsapa- 
 rilla etseiina compositus — s. d'tther, Syrupus 
 cum ethere s'ulphurico paratus — s. de Glngem- 
 bre, Syrupus zingiberis — s^ de Guimaicvp, Sy- 
 rupus, althseiE — s. de Loiigiie vie, Mellitum de 
 mercuriali compositum — s. de Mercure, Syrupus 
 de mercurio mediante gutpmi- — s. de Mures, 
 Syrupus mori — s. de Nerprun, Syrupus rhamni 
 — s. de Pdvots blancs, Syrupus papaveris — s. 
 de Po-mmes covtpose, see Syrupus sennae — s, de 
 Quinquina avec le Vitij Syrupus de kina kinS 
 cum vino — s. de Roses Pales, Syrupus tosae — s. 
 de Roses rouges, Syrupus rosse — s. de Vindigre, 
 S. aceti. 
 
 SYRUP. Syrv'piis, Serapi'jim, Serape'um,(F.) 
 
 yrop ; derived according to some, from o-uou', 
 ' I draw,' and «vuc, ' juice ;' but mOre probably, 
 frotii the Arabic Siritph, Sirah, or IScharab, 
 which signifies 'a potion.' A saturated solu- 
 tion of sugar in water, either simfily, or united 
 with'some vegetable or other principle. Synips 
 in general, require two pounds of sugar to the 
 pint, and they are. judged to be sufficiently 
 boMed when a portion, taken up in a spoon, 
 flov^s like oil. In the Pharmacopoeia of the 
 Vrnited States, (ISJ-i,) it is directed, that syrups, 
 whose density is not precisely determined by 
 the process should have the s. g. 1.21)1, when 
 boiling, and of about l.:Uy at ordinary tempe- 
 ratures. Syrups should be kept in small bot- 
 tles ina cool place. They are chiefly used to 
 render medicines palatable. 
 
 Syrup, see Syrupus — s. of Almonds, Syrupus 
 amygdaliB — s. Antiscorbutic, Syrupus anti- 
 scotbuticus — s. of Buckthorn, Syrupus rham- 
 ni — s. of Capillairej common, Syrupus simplex 
 — s. of Cinchona with wine, SyrupUs de kin.l 
 kin4 cum vino— s. of Clove July flower, Syru- 
 pus caryophylli rubri — s. of Clove pinks, Sy- 
 rupus caryophylli rubri — s. of Ether, Syrupus 
 cum aethere sulphurico paratus — s, of Five 
 roots, Syrupus e quinque radjcibu? — s. of Gar- 
 lic, Syrupus allii — s. of Ginger, Syrupus zin- 
 giberis — s. Hive, Syrupus scillaD,' compositus — 
 s. of Honey, Mellitum simplex — s. of Iodide 
 of iron, Liquor Ferri iodidi^s. of Ipecacuan- 
 ha, Syrupus ipecacuanhae — s. of Lemon, Sy- 
 rupus limonis — s. of Marshmallows-, Syrupus 
 althaeae — s. of Meadow saffron, Syrupus col- 
 chici auturanalis — s. of Mugwort, compound, 
 Syrupus aromaticus — s. of Mulberries, Syrupus 
 mori — s. of Orange juice, see Syrupus aurantii 
 — 8. of Orange peel, Syrupus aromaticus — s. of 
 Orgeat, Syrupus amygdalae — s. of Poppies, Sy- 
 rupus papaveris — s. of Poppy, red, Syrupus 
 rhoeados— s. of Rhatany, Syruptis krameriae — s. 
 of Rhubarb, Syrupus rhej — s. of Rhubarb, aro- 
 matic, Syrupus rhei aromaticus — s. of Rhubarb, 
 spiced, Syrupus rhej aromaticus — s. of Saffron, 
 
 Syrupus croci-^s. of Squills, Syrupus scillse — 
 ?. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillsB compo- 
 situs — s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus de ci- 
 chorio compositus— s. of Tolu, Syrupus toluta- 
 nus — s. of Vinegar,, Syrupus aceti — s. of Vio- 
 lets, Syrupus violae. 
 
 SYRUPUS,' S. simplex^s. Acidi acetosi, S. 
 aceti. 
 
 Syrupus Ace'ti, S. Ac"idi Acelo''si, Syrup 
 of Vinegar, (F,) Syrop de Vi)/oigre.: ('■Aceti 
 Oiiss, sacch. pitrif. tbiiiss. Boil to form a syrup. 
 Ph. E.) It is refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, 
 f. 3j to f. ,:5ij. 
 
 Syrupus cum jE'tiiere Sulpiiu'rico Para'- 
 TvSySyiup of Ether, (F.) Syop d'ether. (Very 
 pure, sugar, ll'Oll p.; distilled w'ter, 500 p.; 
 dissolve in the cold, and strain; add sulphuric 
 ether, 48 p. Shake for five or six days, and 
 draw ofi^ the limpid syrup. Ph.L.) Properties 
 like those of ether. 
 
 Syrupus Al'lii, Syrup of Garlic., (F.) Syrop 
 d'ail. (Allii concis. §vj, acet. destillat. Oj, 
 sacchar. Iftij. Macerate. the garlic in the vine- 
 gar, in a glass vessel for four days ; then express 
 the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may 
 subside; lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor,' 
 and proceed in the manner directed for syrup. 
 Ph. V. S.) Use, same as that of garlic. l)ose, 
 f. ,:^j to f. ^iv. 
 
 Syrupus AhTiim'iE, Syrup of Marshmallow, 
 Syrupus ex Alth.(£'a, S. de AhhaA,.^S. Althcea 
 oJficina'Hs, (F.) Syrop de Guimauve. (Althtxee 
 rod. recent, cont. Ifes, sacch. pur. Bij, aqua 
 Oiv. Boil the root in the' water to one-half; 
 and press otjt the liquor; when cold, defecate; 
 add the sugar, and boil. Ph. L.) Emollient 
 and demulcent. Dose, f. gj to f. ^iij. 
 
 Syrupus Amomi Zingieekis, S. zingiberis — 
 s. Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic. 
 
 SykUpus Amtg'dal;Ej Syrup of Almonds, 
 Syrup df Orgeat, Orgeat. (Amj/gdal. dale. 
 ftjj, amygdal. amar. ^iv," aqita., Oiij, sacchar. 
 tbvj. Blanch the almonds, and nib them in a 
 mortar to a very fine paste, adding, during the 
 trituration, three fluldounces of the water, and 
 a pound of the sugar. Mix the paste thoroughly 
 with the remainder of the water; strain with 
 strong expression; add the remainder of the 
 sugar to the strained liquor, and dissolve it 
 with the aid of a gentle heat. Strain the syrup 
 through fine linen, and having allowed it to cool 
 put it into bottles, which must be well stopped, 
 and kept in a cool place. Ph. TJ. S.) 
 
 Syrupus Antiscorbu'ticus, S. de Armora'- 
 ci& cotrijjositus, Anti-^corbu'tic Syrup. (Leaves 
 of cochlearia, buckbean, mater-cresses, horse* 
 radish root and bitter oranges, each ttj, cinna* 
 mon, '?,iss. Cut, andpour on white u<i?ieVbiv. 
 Macerate for two days; distil over Oj~in a sand 
 bath; add to this of sugar, ftij, and form a 
 syrup. Again, take what remains in the cu- 
 curbit: pass it through cloth; let it rest; de- 
 cant, and add-.sngai: tbij ; make into a syrup, 
 and clarify with white of ecg. Mix it with 
 the first while yet warm. Ph. P.) Antiscor- 
 butic, alterative, tonic, stomachic, &c. Dose, 
 f..^ijtof..?ij. 
 
 Syrupus AROMAt'icus, S. de Artemis'ia com- 
 positus, Compound Syrup of Mugwort, (F.) 
 Syrop d'armpise compose. ( Top.i of ai'temisia 
 vnlga'is, in flower, ^v], inula root, ligusticnm 
 levislicum, and fennel, each ?ss, peunyroyai 
 catmint, savins leaves, each ,^vj, ma'joram 
 
SYRUPUS' 
 
 824 
 
 SYRUPUS 
 
 hyssop, pyrethrum, rue, basil, each §iij, aniseed 
 and cinnamon, each J^ix; bruise and macerate 
 in hyiliomel Ibx viij ; distil over Oss ; add to this 
 a pound of sugar. Again, take the liquid that 
 remains in the cucurbit, strain it gently; add 
 sitgurlovi. Then mix the twjD. Ph. P.) To- 
 nic, emmenagogue,-&c. 
 
 Syeupds de Armoeacia Compositus, S,i anti- 
 scoibuticus — s^ de Artemisia compositus, S. an- 
 tiscorbuticus — s. Asjjaragi, see Asparagus. . 
 
 Smupus Auean'tii, S. Aurantio' rum., S-. Citri 
 Aufantii, S. Qor'ticis Aurantii, S. Aurantii 
 Corticis. (Ph. U. S.), S. e Cortic'ibus Auran- 
 ti-u'rum, S. de Cortice A-urantio'rum, Syrup of 
 Orange peel. (^Aurant. cort. cont^. 5ij, aq./erv. 
 Oj, saceh. pur. Sijss. Macerate the ,peel in 
 the water for Itweive hours. Add the sugar. 
 Ph.TJ. S.) Stomachic. Dose, f. gj to f. gij. 
 
 A Syrup of Orange Juice, > Orange Sherbet, 
 Syrupus e succo Aurantiorurft, may be made 
 by adding white sugar M] to Ibj of the juice of 
 oranges, strained and clarified. 
 
 Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolut^tius. 
 
 Syrupus Caryophyl'li , Robri, S. Dianthi 
 Caryophylli, &yrup of Clove July flower. Sy- 
 rup of Clove Pin&s, Syrupus infusio'nis fio- 
 rum caryophyllo'rum. {Petalor/um dianth.', ca- 
 ryofh. recent, unguibus resectis Bj, aquce hull. 
 Oiv, saceh. purif. ffivij. Ph. E.) Aromatic. 
 
 Syrupus Cassije Senn^;, S. sennae. 
 
 Syrupus de Cicho'kio Compos'itus, iS. de 
 Rheo, Compound Syrup of^uccory, (F.) Sy- 
 rop de chicoree eompos'e. {Root of siiccory, ^ vj , 
 leaves of succory ^ix, leaves of fumitory and 
 .HColopendriwm, each §iij, Alkekengi berries, f, ij. 
 Boil/in water Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, 
 and dissolve in whitfi sugar Ibv. Boil till it 
 has the consistence of syrup. Again, take 
 water Oviij, rhubarb ^vj, yellow sanders and 
 cinnamon, each^ss. Infuse for tvrenty-four 
 hours; pass through linen, and add the preceding 
 syrup. Ph. P.) It is laxative and stomachic. 
 Dose, f. gj to f. §ss. 
 
 Syevpus Cinchonje cum Vino, S. de kina 
 kinj cum vino. 
 
 Syeupus Cincho'nije, Syrup of Cinchonia. 
 {Simple syrup one pound ; sulphate of cinchonia 
 nine grains. Mix.) Six spoonfuls are com- 
 monly sufficient to arrest an intermittent. 
 
 Syeupus Citri Aurantii, S. aroraaticus. 
 
 Syrupus Col'oeici Autumna'lis, S. Colchici, 
 Syrup of Meadow Saffron. (Rod. eolch. au- 
 tumn, recent. ,^j, acidi acetosi f. ^^^h sacch. 
 pur. .^xJcvj. Macerate the root in the vinegar 
 for two days, occasionally shaking the vessel; 
 then strain, with gentle expression.' To the 
 strained fluid add the sugair, and b9il to a syrup. 
 Ph. E.) Diuretic, antiarthritic. Dose, f. gj 
 to f. gss, or more. 
 
 Syeupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aromaticus 
 — ^s. Citri medicae, S. limonum— s. e Succo ci- 
 tronum, S. limonum. 
 
 Syrupus Crooi, Syrup of Saffron. {Croci 
 stigmat. ,^j, aquce fervent. Oj, sacch. purif. 
 ftiiss. Fh.L.) Cardiac. Chiefly used for co- 
 louring. 
 
 Syeupus Diaoodion, Diacodion — s. Dianthi 
 Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri. 
 
 Syeupus Emeti'nk, Syrup ofEm'etine. {Sim- 
 ple syrup Ibj, emetine 16 gr. IVf.) In small 
 doses, expectorant; and in large, emetic. 
 
 Sykupus Empyeeumatious, Melasses— s. 
 
 Ferri iodidi. Liquor Ferriiodidi — s. Hydrargy- 
 ri, Syrupus de mercurio ,mediante gummi — s. 
 Infusionis florum caryophyllorum, Syrupus ca- 
 ryophylli rubri. 
 
 Syrupus Ipecaouan'h^, Syrup of Ipecacu- 
 anha. {Ipecac, in pulv. .crass; §j, alcohol. <K- 
 lut. Oj, syrup, Oij. Macerate the ipecacuanha 
 in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Evapo- 
 rate the filtered liquor to two fluidounces, 
 and again filter; then mix it with the syrup, 
 and evaporate by a Water bath to a proper con- 
 sistence. Ph. TX. S.) It may also be pre- 
 pared by displacement, 
 
 . Syeupus de Jalap'a, Syrup of Jalap. {Pulv. 
 Jalapce *gx. sem. coriandr., faeni^cul. dulc. aa 
 gss; aquce f. §xijss, sacch. §xxv, f. syrupus. 
 Ph. P.) Cathartic. Dose, f. gij, to f. gss for 
 children. 
 
 StrupuS de Kina Kina cum Vino, S. Cin- 
 cho'nfz cum mjio. Syrup of Cinchona' withr wine, 
 (F.) Syrop de quinqzdnd avec le vin. ■ {Cart, 
 cinchona; officinalis 5ij, ext. cinchonce gvj, vini 
 albi {Vin, Lunet. "veT cujusvis ei similes,) Oj, 
 alcohol (s. g, ,985, to .915,) f. ^j, sacchar, alb. 
 Bis^. Bruise the cinchona; gradually add the 
 alcohol, so as to form a soft mass ; pour on the 
 wine; macerate for two days, and strain.- Dis- 
 solve the extract, add the sugar, and make a 
 syrup. Ph. P.) Dose, f. ^^ss to f. gj. , 
 
 Syrupus Keame'ri/E, Syrup of Rhat'any. 
 {Ext. Kramer, gij, aquse Oj, sacchar. Kijss. 
 Dissolve the extract in the water, and filter ; 
 then add the sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. 
 TJ. S.) An adjunct to eistringent mixtures ; or 
 given in diarrhoea, a tea-spoonful to a child. 
 
 Syrupus Limohjs, S. Limonum — s, Succi li- 
 monis, S. limonum. 
 
 Syeupus Limo'num, S. Ivmonis, $. citri med'- 
 ic{E', S, e succo citro'num, S. e succo limo'num, 
 S. succi limo'nisj Syrup of Lemon^ Lemon Sy- 
 rup. {I/imon succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. pur. Ibij.) 
 Cooling, antiseptic. 
 
 Syrupus e Meconio, S. papaveris — s. de 
 Melle, Mellitum simplex — s. e Succo mororum, 
 S. mori. 
 
 Syrupus de Meeou'rio Median'te Gummt, 
 MercuWius gtim.mo's2is Plench'ii, Syrupus Uy- 
 drar'gyri, (F.) Syrop de merctire ou Mercure 
 gommeux de Plench. {Hydrargyri pur. gj, p. 
 giimm. acacia, giij, syrup diacod. ,^ss. Rub 
 together till the mercury is extinguished. Ph. 
 P.) ^ossesse^ the properties of the blue pill. 
 Dose, gr. ij to viij, or more. 
 
 Syrupus Mori, S. e succo moro'rum, S. sued 
 mori. Syrup ofJ\ful'berries,{F.) Syrop de mures, 
 {Mori succ. colat. 0], sacchar. purif . ffiij. Ph. 
 L.) Gratefully refrigerant. 
 
 Syrupus Morph'i^ Aceta'tis, Syrup ofaet- 
 tate of, morphia. {Syrup, one pint, acetate of 
 morphia, gr. iv.) Dose, two tea-spoonfuls, as 
 an opiate. It is about the strength of the 
 same quantity of syrup of poppies. 
 
 Syrupus Mokphi2e Sui,pha'tis is made in 
 the same way. 
 
 Syrupus Niger, Melasses. 
 
 Syrupus Papav'eeis, S. papaveris somniferi, 
 S. papaveris albi, S. e meco'nio, S. de meconio, 
 Diaco'dion, Syrup of poppies, (F.) Syrop de 
 pavots blancs ou diacode. {Papav. capsul. ex- 
 siccat. et contus. exemptis seminibus, ,^xiv, 
 sacch. pur. Ibij, aq. fervent, cong. ijss. Mace- 
 rate the capsules in water, for 12 hours; boil 
 to a gallon, and express strongly. Boil the li- 
 
SYRUPUS 
 
 825 
 
 SYRUPUS 
 
 quor to Oij j and strain while hot.' Defecate hy 
 rest, and boil to Oj, adding the sugar sp as to 
 form a syrup. Fh. L.) One ounce contains 
 about one grain of opium. Anodyne and de- 
 mulcent. 
 
 The Dublin college has a Strupcs Opii, 
 called Common S^/rup of Poppies, .which is 
 made by dissolving 18 grains of the Watery 
 Extract of Opmin.in 18 ounces of boiling wa- 
 ter. Properties, those of opium and syrup. 
 
 Syevpus be Papavere Eekatico, S'. rhoea- 
 dos — s. de Pomis compositus, see S. senni. 
 
 Strtjpus Qui'Nia;, Syrup of Quinia. {Sim- 
 ple syrup, 2 pints, sulphate of quinia, 64 grains.) 
 Six spoonfuls are commonly sufficient to arrest 
 an intermittent, . 
 
 Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Syrup of 
 five roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq radnes- {Rad.. 
 apii, fctniculi, apii petroselini, ail §v. Infuse 
 for 24 hours in boiling water Oiiss, and strain. 
 Had, asparag., rusci aculeati, aa §v, aquce, 
 Ovij. Boil apd reduce to half; adding, towards 
 the end, the residue of the preceding infusion. 
 Boil again for some minutes; strain, and add 
 white sugar, Ibvj. Ph. P.) Aperient and di- 
 uretic. Used in obstructions of the liver, 
 spleen, and mesentery; and^ in dropsy, &c. 
 Dose, f. gss to f. §], or more. 
 
 Syrupus RHAMNr, S. Rhamni eathar'tici, S, 
 de Spina c^rvi'na, S. spina cl^rvi'nse. Syrup of 
 BucMhorn, (F.) Syrop de jierprun, ■ {Rhatrin, 
 baccar. succ. recent. Oiv, zingib. rad. concis., 
 pimenla^ bacc. contrit., aa, §ss, sacch. purif. 
 Ibiiiss . -Defecate the juice for 3 days, and strain . 
 To, a pint of this, add the ginger and pi- 
 mento ; macerate for 4 hours and strain ; boil 
 what remains to Oiss. Mix the liquors and 
 add sugar, so aa to form a syrup. Ph. L.) 
 Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose, f. giv to f. 
 
 Syrupus Rhej, Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhej, 
 coht. ,^ij; Aqux buUientis, Oj; Sacchar. Ibij. 
 Macerate the rhubarb in the water for 24 
 hours, and strain: add the sugar, and form into 
 syrup. Ph. XJ. S.) Dose to a child, as a lax-' 
 ative, one or two teaspoohfuls. 
 
 Syrupus Rhej Aromat'ious, Aromatic Sy- 
 rup of Rhubarb, Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. 
 (Rhej, cont. ,^iis3; Caryophill. cent., Cinnam. 
 cont. aa ^ss; Myrist. cont. gij; Alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij ; Syrup Ovj, Macerate the rhubarb and 
 aromatics in the diluted alcohol for 14 day^, 
 and strain ; then, by means of a water bath, 
 evaporate- the liquor to a pint, and while still 
 hot, mix with the syrup previously heated.— 
 Ph. U. S.) It may also be made by the pro; 
 cess of displacement. .' 
 
 The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a gentle 
 carminative cathartic. Dose to a child, f. .gj ; 
 to an adult, f. Jj. , ' ' 
 
 Syrupus de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com- 
 posito. ' 
 
 Syrupus Rhce'ados, S. de papav'eri errat'ico, 
 S. papaveris eiratici. Syrup of Red Poppy, 
 (F.) Syrop de eoquelicdt, {lihwad. petal, re- 
 cent, tbj, aq. fervent, f. §xviij, sacch. purif. 
 ftiiss. To the water, heated in a water bath, 
 add the petals. Remove the vessel; macerate 
 for 12 hours; express; defecate and add sugar 
 to form a syrup. Ph. L.) Chiefly used to 
 give colour. 
 
 A factitious syrup is often made of aloes dis- 
 solved in simple syrup. 
 53 
 
 Syrupus Rosje, Syrupus rosa'rum soluti'vus, 
 S. e rosis siceis, S. rosse centifo'lis, S. rosa'' 
 ceus soluti'vus. Syrup of Roses, (F.) Syrop de 
 roses p&les. (Rosae ce'ntif. petal, exsicc. §vij, 
 sacch. purif. f)3v\, aq. fervent: Oiv. Macerate 
 the petals for 12 hours. Evaporate the strained 
 liquor to Bliss. Add the sugar. Ph^L.) Gently 
 laxative. Dose, f. zij to f. giss or more. 
 
 Syrupus Ros£ Gal'lio«, Syrup of Red 
 Roses, (F.) Syrop de roses rouges. {Ros^ 
 Gallic. petal, exsicc, ^vij, aquas bull. Ov, sacch. 
 purif. Bvj-, prepared like the last. Ph. E.) 
 Mildly astringent. Added to stomachic in- 
 fusions. 
 
 Syrupus Sacchaei, S. Simplex. 
 
 Syrupus SAESAPARiL'LiE, Syrup of Sarsa- 
 parilla. . {Rad. Sarsap. cont. I6j, aqzise bullient. 
 • Cong.,' ijsciiA. jjMn/. Bj. Macerate the root for 
 24 hours; bpll to Oiv. Strain while hot; add 
 the sugar, and boil.' Ph. L.) Used in the 
 same cases as the root. Dose, f. gj to f. giv, 
 and more. • 
 
 Syrupus de Sarsaparill'A et SehnA Com- 
 pos'iTus, Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla and 
 Senfra, (F.) Syrop de Cuisinier. (Rad. Sar- 
 sap. concis. Kij. Jnfuse for 24 hours in warm 
 water Oxij ; boil for a quarter of^an hour ; pass 
 with expression, and boil again the residuum in 
 Ox of water. Reduce this to Oyj, and repeat 
 the operation 2 or 3 times.. Mix all the liquors 
 and boil them together yiiih flowevs of borage, 
 white roses, senna leaves-^\iA. aniseed, each §ij ; 
 reduce to ^half, pass, and add AoMsy ^ij- ^o\l 
 to a syrup. Ph. P.) It is considered to be 
 alterant, depurative, and sudorific. Dose, f. 
 gss to f. ,^ij. 
 
 ,A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus 
 Sarsap ARiLi,''JE Compos'itus, Compound Syrup 
 of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pharmaco- 
 poeia of the United States, (1842.) (Sarsaparill. 
 cont. Blj ; Lign. guaiac. rasur.^ilj ; Rosa cen- 
 tifol,. Senna, Rod. Qlyeyrrhiz. cont. aa ^Ij; 
 Oh Sassafras; Ol. Anisi. aa m. v.; 01, Gatiil- 
 therias in. ilj ; Alcohol, dilut. Ox.; Sacchap, Bvilj. 
 Macerate the sarsaparilla, guaiacum wood, roses, 
 senna, and liquorice root, in the diluted alcohol 
 for 14 days ; express and filter. Evaporate the 
 tincture in a warrn bath to four pints ; filter, add 
 the sugar, and form into syrup. Lastly, having 
 rubbed the oils with a small quantity of the 
 syrup, mix them thoroughly v^ith, the remain- 
 der. Ph. XI. S.) ' 
 
 It may also be made by the process of dis- 
 placement. 
 
 Syrupus DE ScAMMo't>io,SyrupofScam'mony. 
 (Pulv. Scdmmon., ^ss, sacch. alb. §lv, alcohol. 
 (s. g. (985 to .915) f. §vlij. Heat the mixture 
 moderately; then Bet fire to the alcohol with a 
 lighted taper; agitate constantly, until the flame 
 is extinguished. Sufier it to cool; pass through 
 cloth, and add Syrup of Violets, f. _^iv. Ph. P.) 
 gj contains 18 grains of scammony. "Dose, f. gj 
 to f. gss. 
 
 Syrupus Scill/e, S. scillit'icus, S. scilla ma- 
 rit'ima. Syrup of Squills. (Acet. scillxi Oj, 
 sacch. pur. Bij*;) Diuretic, expectorant, and 
 emetic. Used in the same cases as the oxymel. 
 
 Syrupus Scilla; Compos'itus, lilel Scilla 
 Compositum, Compound Honey of Squill, Com- 
 pound Syrup of Squill, Hive Syrup. (Scilla 
 cont.; SenegSB cont. aa §iv; Antim. et Potassse 
 Tart. gr. xlviij; Aqux Oiv; Sacchar. MUbb. 
 Pour the water upon the squill and seneka, and. 
 
STRUPUS 
 
 SYZYGIUM NERVORUM 
 
 having boiled to one half, strain and add the 
 sugar. Then- evaporate to three pints,and while 
 the syrup is still hot, dissolve in it the' tartrate 
 of antimohy and potassa. — Ph. IT. S.) 
 , It may also be made by the process of dis- 
 plaeement. 
 
 It is often given as an emetic in cases of 
 croup, and in catarrh, especially in children. 
 Dose, to infants, 10 drops to a drachm, repeated 
 every 15 minutes, if vomiting be desirable. , 
 
 Sliiupus Sen'eg^e, Syrvp af Seneka. {Senega 
 cent. §iv; Aquas Oj ; Sacehar, ftj. Boil Qie 
 water with the .seneka to one half, and strain: 
 then add the sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. 
 TJ. S.) 
 
 It may also be formed by the process of dis- 
 placement. 
 
 This is a favourite stimulant-expectorant (?) 
 with many practitioners. Dose, f. 3J or f. gij, 
 
 SynupTJS Senn*;, S. cassia sennee, Syrup of 
 Senna, {Sennse Jij, sem.foenicul. cont. ,^j, saceh. 
 pur. f XV, aquae ferv. Oj. Macerate the senna 
 leaves and fennel seeds vvith a gentle heat for 
 an hour. Strain; add the sugar, and make into 
 a syrup.'^-PA. TJ. S.) Cathartic. Dose, f. gij 
 to f. giss or more. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Senna 
 of a compound character, called Syrupus de 
 powiis coTjipos'itus, (F.) Syrop de poitwies com.' 
 pose. It contains, also, borage, bugloss, &c. 
 Dose, f . ^ ss to f . _^j . 
 
 Syrupus Simplex, Syrupus (Ph. U. S.), S. 
 Sac'chari, Sac'char^m clarifica'tv/m, lAqua'rium, 
 Simple Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire. 
 {^acch. purif. &iiss, aqux Oj. Dissolve the 
 sugar ; set aside for 24 hours ; remove' thje scum, 
 and pour off the clear liquid.) Used to cover 
 . nauseous tastes, &c; 
 
 Syrupus de Spina Cekvika, Syrupus rhamni 
 — s. de Stcechade communis, see Lavendula. 
 
 Syrupus Toluta'nus,S. Toluta'ni,S.toluif'- 
 erSB haV sami, S. halsam'icus, Bal&am'ic syrup, 
 Syrupoftolu. {Tinct.Tolut.f.^y, Syrup,Oiss. 
 Mix the tincture with the syrup, and, by means 
 of a water bWh, evaporate to the proper con- 
 sistence. — Ph. XT. S.) Use; — To give flavour. 
 
 Syrupus Yi'olm, S, viola odoro^'tce, S. viola' - 
 rum, S. e suceo viola'rum. Syrup of Violets. 
 (JPlar. recent, viol, odorat.^i], aq. bull. Oviij, 
 sacch.pur. Bxv. Macerate, in a covered vessel, 
 for 24 hours; pass, without expression, through 
 linen; add the sugar so as to form a, syrup. 
 Ph. E.) Very gently laxative. Dose, f. gj, 
 to f. §ij. _ ' 
 
 Syrupus e Succo Violarum,"S. violse. 
 
 Syrupus Zingie'eris, jS. amo'Tni zingiheris. 
 Syrup of Ginger, (F.) Syrop d*, gingembre. 
 Tinct. Zingib.f.^iv; Syrup, cong.', Mixtihe 
 tincture with the syrup, and^ by means of a 
 waterrbath, evaporate to the proper consist- 
 ence. — Ph. U. S.) To the strained liquor add 
 the sugar,' and form a syrup. 
 
 N. B. The Farisian Codex contained a few 
 other compound syrups besides those enume- 
 rated; amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs, 
 Syrupus epulmon'ihls vituli'nis, (F.) Syrop de 
 nruiu de veau, as an expectorant! ! 
 
 These syrups are made according to the 
 usual rule, and possess the virtues of the sub- 
 stances after which they are named. 
 
 SYSPA'SIA, from rva-nam, (ruy, and ayreta, 
 'I draw;,') 'I contract.' Clonic spasm, with di- 
 minished sensibility and inability of utterance. 
 A genus in Good's Nosology, which includes 
 convulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria. 
 
 Syspasia Convulsio, Convulsion— s. Epilep- 
 sia, Epilepsy — s. Hysteria, Hysteria. 
 
 SYSSARCO'SIS, from aw, ' with,' and <r«e?, 
 'fleshy' CoTrvmissu'raossiuni car%ea,Symph'.- 
 ysis' ossiwm. mUseula'ris, Connesc'io ossiuni cor- 
 nd'sd, Carna'tio, Concama'tio. Uniorrof bones 
 by means of muscles; such as the union of the 
 oa hyoides with the lower jaw, of the scapula 
 with the ribs, &c. 
 
 SYSTALSI«, Systole. 
 
 ^iYSiTAUTlCfSystal'ticustPeristaVticiitorti 
 fvortXXm, {(ruv, and irTeXXw,) 'I contract.' A 
 systaltic motion in a part is one in which there 
 is alternate contrattion and dilatation. ,See Sys- 
 tole. . , 
 
 SYSTAT'ICA, from o-uwo-tb^i, (s-uv, and 
 ta-riifti, 'I place,*) 'I associate.' Diseases af- 
 fecting several or all of the sensorial powers 
 simultaneously;' irritation or inertness of mind, 
 fextending to the muscles, or external senses; 
 or of the muscles, or external senses, extending 
 to the mind ; — the 4th order, class Neurotica, 
 of Good. 
 
 SYSTEM, Syste'ma, from o-vy, 'together,' and 
 irtrini, ' I place.' This word, taken in a good 
 sense, means .the collection and arrangement of 
 different matters having an analogy to .each 
 other, or working towards the same end. In 
 natural history, it means a methodical arrange- 
 ment of beings for the purpose of facilitating 
 their study. System is, however, sometimes 
 used in an unfavourable sense in physical sci- 
 ence, and often means, — a purely gratuitous 
 snpt)osition, by which the march of nature is 
 attempted to be universally explained, and to 
 which every thing, is made to bend. In anato- 
 my, system is an assemblage of organs, com- 
 posed of the same tissues, and intended for si- 
 milar functions ; for instance, the nervous sys- 
 tem, muscular system, &c. , 
 
 SYS'TEMATISM. A method, according to 
 which every fact of a science is collected around 
 an opinion, true or false. One who reduces 
 things to such a method is called a Sys'tematist. 
 
 SYSTEMATOL'OGY, Systematolog"ia, from 
 avirr7]/i.a, ' System,' and Aoyof, ' a discourse.' 
 The doctrine or a treatise of systems. - 
 
 STSTMME VASCULAIRE .i SANG 
 NOIR, see Vascular — s. Vaseulaire a sang 
 rouge, see Vascular. 
 
 SYSTEMIC. Belonging to the general sys- 
 tem^^as ' systemic circulation' in contradistinc- 
 tion to the 'pulmonic' 
 
 SYS'TOLE. Sa,me etymon as Systaltic; 
 Systal'sis,Constric'tio,Contrac'tiose\lAngusta'' 
 tio seu Submissio ■ seu Miea'tio cordis. The 
 movement of constriction or contraction of the 
 heart, to give impulse to the blood, or to cause 
 its progression. It is opposed to the Diastole 
 of the organ. 
 
 SYS'TOLIC, Systol'icus; same etymon. Re- 
 lating to the systole of the heart, 'as ' systolic 
 murmur.' ' 
 
 SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par nervorum. 
 
T. BANDAGE 
 
 827 
 
 TABES 
 
 T. 
 
 T. Bandage, T. fas'cia, Fas'da T. forwds 
 seu Seliodo'ri, Cru'dal Bandage. A bandage 
 sh?.ped like the letter T. It consists of a strip 
 of linen, of variable length and breadth, the 
 middle of which is attached, at right angles, to 
 ■the extremity of another strip, also of variable 
 length and breadth. When two such strips are 
 attached, at a distance from each other, the 
 bandage is called a double T.. This bandage is 
 Used, principally, for sup'porting the dressings 
 after the operation for fistula in ano, in diseases 
 of the perinaeura, groin; anus, &c. 
 
 T. Fascia, T. Bandage. 
 
 TABAC, Nicotiana tabacam — t, des Savoy- 
 ards,, Arnica montana — t, des Foi^es; Arnica 
 montana. 
 
 TABACUM, Nicotiana tabacuw. 
 
 TABARZET, Saccharum album. 
 
 TABEL'LA, Tab'ula, Tabula'tum, Lotzan' ga,- 
 Lozan'giay J^^or'suluSj Morsel'lus, a Ipzenge; 
 Tessel'la, (F.) Tablette^ ' a small table.' 'A 
 solid medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, 
 and mucilage ; and generally shaped like a disk. 
 See Pastil and Troch. 
 
 Tabella, Table. 
 
 TABELL^ ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag- 
 nesia. 
 
 Tabell^: Ao"idi Oxal'ioi, T^, ad sitem, Lo- 
 zenges of'Osialic^cid. {Acid, oxalic. gj, saeck. 
 alb. gss, ol. limonisj'gtt. xviij vel gtt. xij. 
 Make into lozenges with jnudlage'of gum tr'a- 
 gaeanth. Ph. P.) Lozenges are made m the 
 same way with the citric and tartaric acids; 
 They are refrigerant. 
 
 Tabellje de Ai.THa:'A, Xaozenges -of J^arsh- 
 mallows. {Rad. AlthtscB pulv. .^iss, ioc'cAar. 
 o/i.-pulv. givss, f. magsa. Ph. P.).. Demulcent, 
 expectorant. 
 
 ' TAEELLa: Antimonia'les Kn]>icKE'Lii, Tabel- 
 ItE de.stib'ii sulphure'to, Lozenges of Sulph'uret 
 of Ant'imony ^ J^or'stili antimonia'les, M. stibii, 
 M. stiBia'ti, TCrochis'd stibiati. {Amygdal. 
 rf«/c.^j,jfjccA.B)Ss, setn. cardam.j cinnam. pulv., 
 sul^h. antim. prespar. aa ^j, fiant tabfellae'. 
 Ph. P. Each to weigh 10 grains.) Recom- 
 mended in cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, 
 arthritic pains, &c. Dose, 4 or more. 
 
 TabelljE ad Aedoeem Ventriculi, Tro- 
 chisci carbonatis calcis — t. Card^algicte, Tro- 
 chisci carbonatis calcis. 
 
 TabelljE de Cat'echu et Ma^ke'sia. Lo- 
 zenges of Catechu and Magnesia, (F.) Ta- 
 blettes de cachou et de maghesie, (P. catech. 
 Z^h P' inagTies: §iv, p. cinnam. ^uj,saceh. alb. 
 Siss, g. tragac. gr. Xij', aq. - cinnam. f^. s. ut f. 
 massa. Ph. P. Each to weigh 12 gr.) An- 
 tacid, absorbent, and stomachic. ' Dose, 5 to 10 
 lozenges. i - 
 
 . TABELLiE Cincho'n*, T. de Mna Mna, Bark 
 lozenges. {Ext. cinchon. sice, ^ss, saech. ^iv, 
 cinnam. gss, mudlag.g. trag. q. s. ut f; massa. 
 Ph. P.) Tonic. 
 
 TaBELL/E de Cllko ET DiACAETHAMO, T. de 
 
 Scammonio et SennS. 
 
 Tabell^ de Feeeo, Steel lozenges, Tah'ulm 
 martia'les, T. instauran'tes, T. antichlorqt'ices. 
 (Ferri limat. porphyriz. ^ss, p. dnnam. ^]j p. 
 sacch, §v, g. trag, et aq. ditnain. q. s., ut fiat 
 
 massa. Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. Ph. P.) 
 Tonic, stomachic. Dose, v to x. 
 
 Aromatic lozenges of steel. These consist of 
 sulphate of iron, with a small proportion of the 
 Tincture of Cantharidis. ' 
 
 Tabell/e de Kina KiifA, T.' cinchonae. ■ 
 
 Tabell«de Magnesia, T. absorben'tes , Mag- 
 nesia lozenges. {Magnes.^^, sacchar. alb. |iv, 
 mucil.g. tragac. q. s. Ph. P.) Absorbent tad 
 antacid. , ■ 
 
 TABELLiE DE Rheo, Rhubafb lozenges. (P. 
 rhej. ,^ss, sacch. gv, mudlag. gum trdgae. q. iS.; 
 f. massa. Each to contain 12 grains. Ph. P.) 
 Stomachic and laxative. ' 
 
 Tabell* de Scammo'nio et Senna Compos'- 
 IT«, Qompound lozenges of scmmnony and senna, 
 T. de dtro it diacar'thamo. {Scammon-Siij, 
 Sennx givss, rhej, ^iss,~ caryopA. gj', cortitis 
 limon. eonfecti _^ j, sacch. §vj, f. massa. PA. P.) 
 Purgative. Dose, gij to ,^vj,'or more. 
 
 Tabell4e ad Sitem, T. acidi oxalici — t. ad 
 Sodam, Trochisci carbonatis calcis-^t. de Stibii 
 sulphureto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii. 
 
 TabelLjE de Sul'phure Sim'plices, Simple 
 ^ulphur lozenges. {Sulphur lot. ^ss,.saeeh. Jiv, 
 muc. g. tragac. cum afluA ros& prtepar. q. s. 
 Ph. P.) Expectoranti, demulcent, &c. Used 
 in diseases of the chest, and in. cutaneous affec- 
 tions. Dose, 1 lozenge. 
 
 TabelljE de Sulph'tirp CoMPOs'iTjE, Com- 
 pound sulphur, lozenges. {Sulph. lot, giji add. 
 benzoic, gr. xij, rad, irid, p. gss, ol, anisi, gtt. 
 viij, sacch, §vss, g, trag, q. s. Ph. P.) Ape- 
 rient, expectorant and stimulant (?). Dose, 4 
 a day. 
 
 TABBRNA MEDICA, Pha(rmacopolium. 
 
 TABES, Maras'mus Tabesj Tabum, from 
 tabere, ' to consume;' Te'iedom, Atroph'ia, De- 
 cline. Emaciation of the whole body, with 
 general languor, hectic fever, and, for the.nJost 
 part, depressed spirits. 
 
 Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis— rt. C&xaria, Is- 
 chiophthisis — t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus 
 -<-t..Diuretica, Diabetes mellitns. 
 
 Tabes Dorsa'Lis, T. DorsuaHis, Maras'mus 
 tabes dorsa'lis. Phthisis no'tias. Phthisis dor- 
 sa'lis, Myelophthi'sis, . MyeltUroph'ia, Tabes 
 ossis sacri. By this term is meant a wasting 
 of the body, attended at first with a pain in the 
 back or loins^ and afterwards in the neck or 
 head, — caused, it has been conceived, by too 
 early or too frequent addiction to venery. 
 
 Tabes Glandularis, T. raesenterica. Scro- 
 fula — t. Lacteaj Atrophia lactantium, see Ga- 
 lactia. 
 
 TAbes Mesenter'ioa, Atrophia mesenter'ica, 
 Atroph'ia Infant'um, A. glandula'ris, A. infam- 
 ti'lis, A. dorsi, Parabys'ma • m-esente/icjim-, 
 Ma'eies Infan'tum, Pscdatroph'ia, Tabes glan- 
 dula'ris, T. Scrofulo'sa,Scrof'Mlcf,mesenterica, 
 Rachial'gia mesenterica, Myelophthi'sis sicca, 
 Febris hec'tica infan'tum. Phthisis mesara'ica , 
 Physco'nia mesenterica, Mesenteri'tis, Mesen- 
 ter'ie Disease, (F.) Carrecfu, Chartre, Scro- 
 fules ou £crouelles mesenteriqius^Atisie misen- 
 terique, Rachialgie mesentjriqite, Atrophic vi-'^- 
 senterique, Physconie m&sentlmffue,, Mntero- 
 mesenterite. Tubercles des ga^igHpftii mesente- 
 riques, Phthisie mesenterique. An :engorge- 
 
TABIDUS 
 
 8S8 
 
 TiENIAFUGE 
 
 ment and tubercular degeneration of the 
 mesenteric glands, followed hj emaciation and 
 genei'al disorder of the nutritive functions. 
 The disease is often owing to inflammation or 
 irritation of the lining membrane of the intes- 
 tines, giving occasion to enlargement of the 
 glands of the mesentery,-:— as injury to the upper 
 or lower extremities causes inflammation, and 
 enlargement of the lymphatic- glands of the 
 axilla and groin. It occurs, particularly, in 
 children of a scrofulous diathesis; and in those 
 who are weaned loo early, or fed on indigestible 
 substances. Diarrhsa, emaciation, anorexia, or 
 immoderate appetite ; hardness and swelling of 
 the' abdomen; and, towards the end, hectic 
 fever, are the chief symptpms of this affection ; 
 the prognosis of which is usually unfavourable. 
 On opening the bodies of those who die of the 
 disease, the mesenteric glands are found disor- 
 ganized, tubercular, or in a more or less ad- 
 vanced state of suppuration. The treatment 
 is the same as in scrophnlosis. Frictions may 
 b'e added over thS -abdomen and spine; and 
 mercury, in small doses,, so as to excite a new 
 action in the system. The food must be easy 
 of digestion, and the bowels be kept soluble. 
 
 Tabes Nuteioum, Atrophia lactantium, see 
 Galactia— t. Pectorea, Rachitis-^t. Pulmona- 
 lis. Phthisis pulmonalis — t. Ossis sacri. Tabes 
 dorsalis — t. Scrofulosa, T; mesenterica — t. Se- 
 num,' Marasmus senilis.' 
 
 TABIDUS, Phthisicus. 
 
 TABLE, Tab'ula, TabeWa, Tahula'tum, 
 Lam'ina, JPa'ries, Squttma. A name given to 
 the plates of compact tissue, which form the 
 bones of the cranium. Of these, one is exter- 
 nal ; the other internal and called Tab'ula vi'- 
 trea on account of its brittleness. 
 
 TABLES DE MORTALITY, Mortality, 
 bills of. 
 
 TABLET, Trochiscus. 
 
 TABLETTE,Ta\K\\a.. 
 
 TABLBTTES DS CACSOJJ ET DE 
 MAG-NiSIE, TabelloE de catechu et magnesia. 
 
 TABLIEB, Ventrale cutaneum. 
 
 TABULA, Tabella, Table. 
 
 Tabuls Amtichlorotic^, Tabellae de ferro 
 — t. Instaurantes, Tabellae de ferro — t. Mar- 
 tiales, Tabellae de ferro, _ 
 
 TABULATUM^ Tabella, table. 
 
 TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes. 
 
 TAG, Influenza. 
 
 TACAMAHACA, Fagara octandra— t. Ca- 
 ragna, Caranna. 
 
 TACHB, Macula — *. de Naissanee, Naevus, 
 
 TACHENCAUSIS, Combustion, human. 
 
 TAGHES H/tPATIQXTESi Chloasma. 
 
 T ACHES LAJTEUSES, Plaques laiteuses, 
 ' milky spots or patches.' White spots occa- 
 sionally seen on the heart, and regarded by 
 many .pathologists as the results of previous 
 pericarditis. 
 
 TAGHES D£ieOZ7SSKBE,Ephelide3— *. 
 Rouges, Spots, Red. 
 
 TACHYIA'TER, Tachyiatrus. Same ety- 
 mon as the next. One who cures speedily. 
 
 TACHYIATRI'A, from TOjfi/t, 'quick,' and 
 latQtia, 'healing.' The art of curing quickly. 
 
 TACH'YTOMY, Tachytom'ia, from Ta«t"f) 
 ' quick,' and tOiKi;, ^ incision.' The art of cut- 
 ting or operating rapidly. 
 
 TACITURTVITY, Tacifur'nitas, SigS, ' si- 
 lence,' from taeere, 'to be silent.' < State of a 
 
 person who does hot speak.'. Morbid tacitur- 
 nity sometimes exists as a symptoih of the neu- 
 roses, especially of melancholy. 
 
 TACTj Tactus. A modification of the sense 
 of touch. Passive judgment by the cutaneous 
 nerves regarding bodies exterior to the skin. 
 Tact is passive : Touch, active. 
 
 TACTIO, Touch. 
 
 TACTUS, Tact, Touch.^t. Doloriflcus, 
 Haptodysphoria. 
 
 TS^M, Sees, Smi;. A term used for a me- 
 dicine employed under the form of fumigation, 
 pessary, or troch. ■ 
 
 T^'NIA, ' Te'Kj'a, Fas'eia, from tania, 'a 
 fillet, a riband.' See Bandage. Also a genus 
 of intestinal worms, characterized by an elon- 
 gated, flattened, and articulated body, with four 
 suctorial oscula on the head. Of this genus, two 
 only inhabit the human body — the Tscnia lata, 
 (see Bothriocephalns latus,) and Tania solifim. 
 
 TjEnia Aoephala, Bothriocephalus latus — t. 
 a Anneaux courts, BothriocephaluS latus — t. a 
 Anneaux longs. Taenia solium — t; Articjilos de- 
 mittens. Taenia, solium — t. Cucurbitina, Taenia 
 solium — t., Dentata, Bothriocephalus latus^t. 
 Grisea, Bothriocephalus latUs — t. Hippocampi, 
 Corpora fimbriata — t. Humana armata. Taenia 
 solium — t. Humana inermis, Bothriocephalus 
 latus — t. Hydatigena, Hydatid — t. Lata, Both- 
 riocephalus latus — t, a longues articttlations , 
 Taenia solium — t., Membranacea, Bothriocepha- 
 lus latus — *. noil arm's, Bothriocephalus latus — t. 
 Osculis lateralibus ' geminis, Bothriocephalus 
 latus — t. Osculis lateralibus solitariis, Bothrio- 
 cephalus latus^t. Osculis marginalibus solita- 
 riis, TcKnia solium^t. Osculis- superficialibus, 
 Bothriocephalus latus— rt; Prima, Bothriocepha- 
 lus latiis — t. Sans epini,. Taenia solilim — t. S.e- 
 cunda, Taenia solium. 
 
 TiENiA SEMiciROuLA'nis, Gem'inwm centrum 
 semieircula'rc^ himSus jtoste'rior cor ports stria'- 
 ti, Stri(Z cor'necB, StritB semiluna'res, Fresn'- 
 ulum novttm, Fascia semicircula'ris, Bandeiette 
 des eminences pyrifdrmes, (Ch.) (F.) Bande- 
 iette, B. demicirciilaire. Lame cornee. A me- 
 dullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situate 
 in the groove that separates the thalamus opti- 
 cus from the corpus striatum in the lateral ven- 
 tricle. 
 
 TiEsiA So'lium, T. os'culis mdrginal'ibus so- 
 lita'riis, Tcenia cuQurbi^i' na, Tania huma'na 
 arma'ta, Hal'ysis solivm. Vermis cucurbiti'nii.s, 
 Luvibri-'cus latus. Tenia- sans epine, Tsenia- ar- 
 ticulos demit't^ns, So'lium, [T. seeunda, Tenia 
 a longues articulations. Tenia a anneaux longs, 
 Ver solitaire, V. cucitrbitain, Long Tape 
 Worm, has an almost hemispherical, discrete 
 heald; an obtuse beak; the neck full anteriorly; 
 all the joints slightly obtuse, the anterior very 
 short; the next almost square, and the rest ob- 
 long ; the mar;ginal foramina vaguely alternated. 
 The taenia solium is commonly a few feet long : 
 sometimes its length is enormous. It is said 
 to have been met with 600 feet long. It prin- 
 cipally inhabits the small lintestines, and is not 
 common. The oil of turpentine, in some form, 
 largely exhibited, is perhaps the best remedy. 
 
 TiENiA Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus — t. 
 Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus. 
 
 TjENI^ COLI, see Colon. 
 
 T^'NIAFUGE, Tuniaf'ugvm, from taaiia, 
 and fugo, ' I drive off.' A remedy calculated 
 to 'expel taenia. 
 
TiENIOLA 
 
 829 
 
 TARACHE 
 
 TJENIOLA, Bandelette. Used by Gerber 
 for a simple, band-like, pr flat fibre, Filum ta- 
 maforme, seen under the microscope. 
 
 TAFFETAS AGGLUTTNATIF, Sp^radra-. 
 putn adhaesivum — t. d'Angliterre, see Sparadra- 
 pum adhaesivum — t, £pispastique, Sparadrapum 
 vesicatorium — t. Gomme, see Sparadrapum ad- 
 KsBsivum — t. Vesicant, Sparadrapum vesicato- 
 rium. 
 
 TAFIA, Rum. 
 
 TAILLADE, Incision-, see Entailh. 
 
 TAILLE, X-iihsAomy — t.IIypagusit^que,'B.y-. 
 pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy 
 — *. Far h rectvm, see Lithotomy — t. Foste- 
 rieun, see Lithotomy — t. Kecto-vesicale, see 
 Lithotomy-*^*., Sus-puUenne, see Lithotomy. 
 
 TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara oqtandra. 
 
 TAL. A word formerly employed -for al- 
 kali. It also meant the dung of the peacock. 
 
 TALC EARTH, Magnesia. 
 
 TALCUM NEPHRITICUM, Nephreticus 
 lapis. ; . , 
 
 TALEN'TUM, Taxavrpv . An ancient vyeight 
 equal to 54" pounds, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 griiins 
 Foids de Marc. See Weights and Measures. 
 
 TALEOLUS, Malleolus. 
 
 TALIACOTIAN OPERATION, Rhinoplas- 
 tic. ^ 
 
 TALINUM UMBELLATUM?lee Mistura. 
 
 TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot.) 
 
 TALON,,see Calcaneum. 
 
 TALPA, 'a mole.' Topina'ria, Tupina'ria, 
 Talpa'-ria, Testu'do, (F.) Taupe. A tumour 
 situate on the head, which has been suppb'sed 
 to burrow like a mole. 
 
 TALPARIA, Talpa. 
 
 TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus, see Calca- 
 neum. ' 
 
 TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola. 
 
 TAMAR^A ZECLA, Tamarindus. 
 
 TAMARIN, Tamarindus. 
 
 TAMARIN'PI PULPA, Fulp of tamarinds, 
 {Tamarind's, q. s. Digest them with a small 
 quantity of water, ufltil they become of a uniform 
 consistence ; then separate the seeds and fila- 
 ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. 
 U-. S.) - - ' 
 
 TAMARINDS, PULP OF.Tamarindi pulpa. 
 
 TAMARIN'DU^, T. In'dica, Thamg.rindus, 
 Oxiphaiiicon, Sil'iqua Arp,b'ica, Balampul'U,. 
 TamarcB'a zecla, Oxyph<Bni'cia, Aca'ciq, Indica, 
 Tamarind tree, (F.) Tavnarin. Family, Le- 
 guminosas. Seic. Sys't. Triandria Digynia. 
 The pulp of the tati^arind with the seeds, con- 
 nected by numerous tough strings, is exported 
 from the West Indies, preserved in syrup, — ' 
 Tamariildus, (Ph. U.S.) It is refrigerant and 
 laxative. Tamarind whey is made by boiling 
 ^i] of |he pulp vvith Ibiss of milk. When 
 strained, it is used as ^ diluent in fever. 
 
 TAMARISCUS, Tamarix Ga;llica. 
 
 TAM'ARIX GAL'LICA', Tamaris'cus. The 
 Tamiarisk tree. Family, Portulaceae. i. Sex. 
 Syst. Pentandria Pentagynia. The. bark, 
 wood, and leav-es were formerly employed nie- 
 dicinally ; — the' former for its aperient and cor- 
 roborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver ; 
 the latter in icterus, haemoptysis, and some cu- 
 taneous affections. 
 
 TAMBOUR CAVITY DU, Tympanum. 
 
 TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine. 
 
 TAMPON, see Plugging. 
 
 TAMPONNEMENT, Plugging, 
 
 TANACE'TUM, T. vulga'rc. Tana' sin, 
 Athana'sia,Parthe'niummas, Tansy, (F.) Ta- 
 naisiettulgaire. Family, CorymyiienB. Seer. 
 Syit. Syngenesia Polygamia. The leaves and 
 flowers of tansy have a peculiar, strong odour, 
 and warm, bitter taste. . They are tonic, deob- 
 struent(?), and anthelmintic. Dose, gss to gj. 
 The infusion is usually drunk as tea.' 
 
 TANAGE'Tultt BalsaTmi'ta, Bulsami'tu mas, 
 B, suaveolens, B. major, Tanacetum horten'sc, 
 Castas horto'rum, Mentha Roma'na seu Sara- 
 cen'ica, Costmary, Alecost, Coc^-mint, (F.) 
 Menthe coq, Herbe au coq. Grand Baumt. A 
 fragrant-smelling herb, somewhat resembling 
 mint, and formerly much esteemed as a corro- 
 borant, carminative, and emmenagogue. 
 
 Tanacetum' HoiiTENSE, T. balsamita. 
 
 TANAISIE VJTLGAIRE, Tanacetum. , 
 
 TANASIA, Tanacetum. 
 
 TANGE, -rayyij) ' rancidity.' A putrescent 
 tumour. 
 
 TANINUM, Tanninum. 
 
 TANNIC ACIDy Tannin. 
 
 TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin. ' 
 
 TANNIN, frotn(F,)ifOT-«er, 'to tan.'. , Tan'- 
 nicum purum, Tanni'num. Tani'mim, Princip'- 
 ium a^stringens sewScyto'dep'sicum seu Byrso- 
 dep'sicumseuCoria'ce.um,Scytodep'sium,/lcidi<m 
 Tan'nicum, A. Qtiercitan'nicum, Tar^nic acid, 
 (F.) Acide tanniqiie. A principle obtained' 
 from oak bark and other astringent vegetables, 
 so called from its forming the principal agent 
 in the process of tanning. Pure Tannin, ob- 
 tained from galls,' (see Ph. U. S.) has been 
 lately introduced into medicine as an excellent 
 and powerful astringent. Dose, two grains re- 
 peated several titnes a daiy. The Tannate of 
 JLitad, Flumhi Tq,nnc^s, has been. applied, in the 
 form of ointment, to excoriations, and sloughing 
 sores from pressure; (gij of the tannate to^j of 
 cerate.) , 
 
 TANSY, Tanacetum:^t. Wild, Potentilla an- 
 serina. 
 
 TAPER,, HIGH, Verbascum nigrijm. ' 
 
 TAPE'TUM, Ta'jiestry. A shining spot, on 
 the outside of the optic nerV'e, in the- eyes of 
 certain animals, -whichi is owing to the absence 
 of the pigmentum nigrum occasioning the re- 
 flection of a jlortion of the rays from the mem- 
 brana Ruyschiana. Its use' appears to be, by 
 reflecting the rays, to cause a double impression 
 oh the retina, and thus, add to the ihtensity of 
 vision. 
 
 Tape'tum Aj^vs'oti, Membra'na exter'na den'- 
 titimi The outer membrane of the teeth. The 
 lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli. 
 
 TAPEWORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus la- 
 tus — t. Long, TsEnia solium. 
 
 TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t. Pearl, 
 see Jatropha manihoi. 
 
 TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum. 
 
 TAPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TAR, see Pinus sylvestris^ — t. Barbadoes, Pe- 
 troleum — t. Mineral, Pissasphaltura. 
 
 TAR'AQHE, Tarax'is, Tarag'ma, Tarag' 
 mii.s, ' disorder.' A disorder of' sight, which 
 arises from a bIo;w, compression of the eye, or 
 the action of dust, smoke or other external 
 cause. By some, it is understood' to signify 
 mild or incipient ophthalmia. 
 
 T^HQa^ Tijs KOtXtas, ' disturbance of the belly.' 
 Diarrhoea. 
 
TARAGMA 
 
 830 
 
 TASTE 
 
 TARAGMA, Tarache. 
 
 TARAGMUS, Tarache. 
 
 TARAGON, Artemisia dracunculuSi ' 
 
 TARANTALISMUS, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'mus, Taranta- 
 Us'mus, Binoma'nia, Chore' a Sancti VaUnti'ni, 
 Taren'tuUsm,Tarantism. A feigned or ima- 
 ginary disease in Apulia, characterized by ex- 
 cessive avidity for dancing at "the sound'of in- 
 struments, and which w^ ascribed, by the vul- 
 gar, to the bite' of the tarantula. A sort of ta- 
 rantismus, considered peculiar to Africa, arid 
 believed to be spontaneous, has been called 
 Tarenti'smus Tansita*^usj-J'anon~tarentis7ne, 
 
 TARAN'TULA, fromTarentum or TarentO) 
 a town of Italy where it abounds; Taren'tula, 
 (F.) Tarentitle. A species of spider— the vlra'- 
 nea Tarentula of Linnasus, Lyco'sa Tarentula 
 of Latreille, whose bite has beeti looked upon 
 as dangerous. Music has been thought to cure 
 it. ' 
 
 Tarascon, mineral waters of. 
 
 Chalybeate springs in the department of Ar- 
 riege, France. They contain iron and carbonic 
 acid. 
 
 TARAXACUM, Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 TARAXIS, Tarache, see Ophthalmia. - 
 
 TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptir- 
 mica. 
 
 TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus— t. Tangi- 
 t inus,' Tarantismus . 
 
 TARENTITLA,' Tarantula. 
 
 TARENTULISM, Tarantismus. 
 
 TARGAR, Juniperus communis. 
 
 TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which 
 sugar was obtained, called Jagre. It was once 
 used as a tonic. 
 
 TARI'NI PONS, Interpedun'cular space. 
 Posterior perforated space, Locus perfora'tua 
 posti'cus. A cineritious substance, between 
 the corpora albicantia, which assists in forming 
 the bottom of th& third ventricle. 
 
 TARO, Arum esculehtum. 
 
 TARQTJETTE, Herniaria glabra. 
 
 TARSAL, Tar'seus. That which irelates to 
 the tarsus. 
 
 Tarsal Articulations result from the 
 union of the bones of the tarsus with each 
 other. 
 
 TARSEUS, Tarsal. 
 
 TARSO-METAT ARS A L, Tarso-metaiar'- 
 seus. That which relates to ' tarsus and meta- 
 tarsus. ^ 
 
 Taeso-Metataesal Articulations are 
 those between the bones of the pepond row of 
 the tarsus and the metatarsal bones. The term 
 Tarso-metatarsal is likewise applied, to liga- 
 ments connected with these joints, some of 
 which are dorsal^ and others plantar. 
 
 TARS0-M£TATARSI-PHALANGIEN 
 nU POXJOE, Adductor pollicis pedis—*. Pka- 
 langien dtt pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis — t. 
 Sous-phalangien du petit orteil, Flexor brevis . 
 minimi digiti pedis — t. Sotes-phaldngettien du 
 premier orteil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
 
 T^RSOPHY'MA, from Tarsus, and fu/ii, 
 ' a tumour.' A swelling of the tarsus. 
 
 TARSOT'OMY, Tarsotom'ia, from Tarsus, 
 and Toi/.ti, ' incision.' The section or removal 
 of the tarsal cartilages. 
 
 TARSUS, Planta prima pedis, Rasse'ta seu 
 Jiasoe'ta pedis, Pe'diwm, Cavic'ulse pedis no- 
 dus. 1. The posterior part of the foot. The 
 
 tarsus consists of 7 bones^ arranged transversely 
 in two rows, between which amputation is 
 sometimes performed. "Vhs first ox Tibial row, 
 (F.) F.remihe rangee, R.. jdmbihe, consists of 
 the astragalus and os calcis'; the second or me- 
 tatarsal, (F.) sec'onderangee, R.Tnitatarsienne, 
 of the scaphoides, cuboides, and three ossa cu- 
 neiformia. 2. The Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages. 
 Tarsal fihro-cartilages, Orchoi, Crepid'ines seu 
 Coro'ntB seuCheltB seu lln'guitB Palpebral rum, 
 Tharsi, are two small cartilaginous layers, seated 
 . ip the substance of the free edge of each'eyelidi 
 The upper is larger and J)roader than the lower. 
 Both commence at the bifurcated extremity of 
 the tendon of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and 
 pass to the opposite commissure of the eyelids. 
 They are broader m the middle than at the^r 
 extremities. 
 
 TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (im- 
 properly), Potassse supertartras impurus — t. 
 Calcareous, Potassae subcarbonas — t. Crystals 
 of, Potassae supertartras — t. Emetic, Antjmo- 
 nium tartarizatum — t. Soluble, Pota?sae tartras, 
 see Potash. 
 
 TARTA'REI MORBI. A term employed 
 by Paracelsus to designate certain diseases 
 which he attributed to tartar. 
 
 TARTAR! CRYSTALLI, Potassae super- 
 tartras. 1 , 
 
 TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tartar'icum, 
 A, tartaro'sum, Acor tartar'icns, Acidum tar'- 
 tari essentia'le, Tarta'reous acid, Sal tartari 
 essejitiale. ■ (^^otass3ebitart.^nss,aq.destillat, 
 ferv., congi iij, creta jpp' ttj, acidi ^ulph. ftj. 
 Boil the bitartrate with two gallons of the wa- 
 ter, and gradually add the prepared chalk, until 
 no^ more bubbles appear; let the tartrate of 
 lime subside; .then pour off the fluid and wash 
 the tartrate of lime with distilled water, until 
 it is tasteless'. Pour upon it the sulphuric acid, 
 diluted with a gallon of boiling distilled water ; 
 and set the mixture £»side for 24 hours, occa- 
 sionally, stirring k. Filter and evaporate to 
 crystallize. Ph. L.) It is refrigerant and an- 
 tiseptic, but is chiefly used for making eflfer- 
 vescent draughts with soda. • ' , 
 
 TARTARUM, Potassae supertartras impu- 
 rus — t. Vitriolatum, Potassse sulphas. 
 , TARTARUS AMMONIA, Ammbniae tar- 
 tras — t. Chalybeatus, Ferrpm tartarizatum — t. 
 Crudus, Potassae supertartras impurus — t. Den- 
 tium, Odontolithos — t. Emeticus, Antimonium 
 tartarizatum, — ^t. Kalicoferricus, Ferriim tarta- 
 rizatum'— t. Kalinus, Potassse tartras — t. Lixi- 
 viffl, Potassae tartras— t. Martialis, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum — t. PotasssB ferruginosus, Ferrum tar- 
 tarizatum — t. Subpotassicus, Potassae supertar- 
 tras — t. Superpotassicus, Potassa; supertartras, 
 — t. TartarizatuS, Potassae tartras. 
 
 TARTRATE D'A^MONIAQUE, Aihmo- 
 niae tartras. ; 
 
 TARTRE BR TXT, Potassae supertartras 
 impurus — t. Cru, Potassse supertartras impurus 
 — *. des Dents, Odontolithos — t. j&metiqiie, An- 
 timonium tartarizatum — t. Stibii, Antimonium 
 
 TARTRUM SOLUBILE, Potassae tartras. 
 
 TASIS, Extension, Tension. 
 
 TASTE, Gustus, Geusis, Geuma, Geutkmos, 
 (F.) Gout. One of the five external senses, 
 which instructs us of the savours of bodies, and 
 of which the tongue is the principal organ. 
 
 Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this 
 
TAUFB 
 
 831 
 
 TEMPERAMENT 
 
 faculty. In disease, the taste frequently be- 
 comes variously vif iated. The nerves of taste 
 are prc^bably the lingual branch of the fifth pair 
 and.th^ glosso-pharyrigeal. 
 
 Taste, Savour. 
 
 TAUPE, Talpa. ^ 
 
 TAUROCOL'LA, Toi;goxo\x«. Glue made 
 of the ears and genitals of the bull. It was for- 
 merly much esteemed. 
 
 TAtJRUS, Penis, Perinaeum. 
 
 TAXIS, 'arreingementi' from rairo'ai, 'I or- 
 der,' 'I arrange,-' Reposi"tio,S,educ'tio, Syn- 
 tax'is. A methodical pressure exerted by the 
 hftud on a hernial tumbur, for the purpose of 
 reducing it. This operation is generally easy in 
 heruiae that are free from adhesions, of small 
 size, and with a large opening into the sac; but it 
 is very difficult and frequently impracticable in 
 those that are adherent or strangulated. To 
 perform the taxis, the patient should be put ih 
 the horizontal posture, and in 6ne in which t:he 
 parietes of the abdomen are relaxed. The 
 manual procedure varies in each species of her- 
 nia. In all cases, too strong pressure of the 
 parts must bp avoided ; as inflammation and 
 gangrene might be induced. The displaced 
 organs must, be pushed into the abdomen, ac- 
 cording to the direction of the axis of the her- 
 nial sac. The reduction is sonietimes favoured 
 by Mood-letting ad deliquiitm; ^he warm bath ; 
 warm fomentations ; tobacco, emollient glys- 
 ters ; and, at times, by cold applications, as ice, 
 &c. In a case of strangulated hernia, should 
 the taxis fail, an operation becomes necessary. 
 
 TAXUS BACCA'TA. TheTewtree,Smila!>:, 
 Smiias, Tkt/m'alos,' (F.) If. Family,- Coni- 
 feras. Sex. ,Syst. Dicecia Monadelpbia. The 
 ancients believed the yew to be poisonous ; but 
 the fruit may be eaten without inopnvenience. 
 The leaves have been often recommended in 
 epilepsy. The resin, obtained from the bark, 
 has been called alHr. 
 
 TArB,.CSmso. 
 
 TAYLOR'S REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS, 
 see Ailium. 
 
 TEA, Thea — t. Bahama, Lantana camara — t. 
 Berried, Gaultheria — t. Berry, Gaultheria — t. 
 Blankenheim, see Galeopsis grandifloira^t. 
 Brazil, Lantana pseudbthea — t. Labrador, Le- 
 dum latifolium — t. Marsh, Ledum palustre— ^t. 
 Mexico, Chenopodinm ambrosibides^^t. Moun-: 
 tain, Gaultheria — t. New Jersey, Celastrus-J-t. 
 Oswego, Monarda cocciuea^ — t. Redberry, Gaul- 
 theria^-t. Soot, see Fiiligpkali — t. South sea. 
 Ilex vomitoria — t. Spanish, Chenopodinm am- 
 brosioides. r 
 
 TEAR, Sax. teaji, Zia-c'ryma, hack'ryma, Ltz^ 
 critma, JJaeryj.Ifac'ryma, Dac'ryon, Humor 
 lachry Trial lis, (F.) Larwte. An excrementitious 
 humour, secreted by the lachrymal gland, and 
 poured between the globe of the eye, and the 
 eyelids, to facilitate the motions of those parts. 
 The tears are saline, itiodorous, and colourless. 
 They turn the syrup of violets green ; and con- 
 tain chloride of sodium, with excess of base, 
 phosphates of lime and soda, and albumen. 
 
 TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus-syl- 
 vestris. , - ■ 
 
 TEAT, Nipple. 
 
 TEAZEL, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
 
 TECEDON, Phthisis. 
 
 TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide. 
 
 TECOLITHOS, Judaeus (lapis.) 
 
 TEETH, see Tooth— t. Eye, Canine Teeth— 
 t. Jaw, Molar teeth— t. Milk, see Dentitiqn- 
 t. Neck of the, Collumdentiumr-t.Vitreous sub- 
 stance of the. Enamel of the t^eth. 
 
 TEETHING, Dentition. 
 
 TEGIMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGMEN, Integument. 
 
 TEGULA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
 
 TEGUMEN, Integument. 
 
 T£GTJMENt, Integumentj 
 
 TEGUMENTUM, Integument— t. Auris, see 
 Tympanum — t. Ventriculorum cerebri. Centre, 
 oval,'of the'brain. 
 
 TEIGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupi- 
 nosa — t. Annulaire, Porrigo scutulata — t. en, 
 Anneau, Porrigo scutulata — t. Faveuse, Porrigo 
 favosa — t. Furfurace, Porrigo furfurans — t. 
 NiiiTumdaire, foTiigo scutulata. 
 
 TEINESMOS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TEINODYN'lAj. from runiv, ' to extend,' 
 and (iSuri(,'pain.' Pain of the sinews or tendons. 
 
 TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from ruvav, ' to ex- 
 tend,' anA <f\oyw(r'ig, 'inflammation.' Inflam- 
 mation of th6 sinews or tendqns. 
 
 TEINTURE, Tincture—*. Ether'ee, MXhe- 
 real — t. Rubifiante, Tinctura cantharidis. 
 
 TEKEDON, Tabes. 
 , T^LA, Texture^ Tissue — t. Aocidentalis 
 MeduUaris, Encephaloid— t.Cellulosa, Cellular 
 tissue — t. Erectilis, Erectile tiasue^t. Galteri, 
 Sparadrapum Galteri — t. Hippocratis cribrosa. 
 Cellular tissue — t. Hymenochondroides, Tissue, 
 cartilaginous — t. Hyinenochondrodes, Tissue, 
 cartilaginous — t. lehthyocoUas glutinans, see 
 Sparadrapum adhaesivum — t. Inodul&ris, Tissue, 
 inodular-^t. Organica, Histos — t. Vesicatoria, 
 Sparadrapum vesioatorium. 
 
 TELAMON, Habena. 
 
 TELAMO'NES, reianum?, 'bandages.' 
 Charpie, used for wounds ; or linen, employed 
 for bandages. 
 
 TELANGECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
 
 TELANGIECTA'SIA, Telangiec'tasi^, Te- 
 lamgecta'sia, Angeiotelecta'sia, Hmmaioielan' gio- 
 sis, II(tmotelangio'sis Angiecta sia,' Anastomo'- 
 sis aneuyysmat'ica; ixovci tsAo?, 'far,' ttyy^ov^ 
 ' vessel,' and tuTao-ir, ' dilatation.' , Dilatation 
 of vessels. Naevus maternus. Aneurism by 
 anastomosis. According to some, fungus hae 
 matodes. See Hiematodes fungus. 
 
 TELEPH'IUM, Ulcus telephium. The an- 
 cients gave this name to any ulcer Of a very bad 
 kind,' and' diflicult to cure, because the wound, 
 which Achilles inflicted on Telephus, degene- 
 rated into a similar ulcer. 
 
 Telephium, Sedum telephium. 
 
 TELLURISMUS, Mignetism, animal. 
 
 TELITM, Penis — t. Emplasticum, Sparadra- 
 pum. 
 
 TEMPE, Temple. 
 
 TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'tnin,Tem- 
 peratu'ra, Tempera'tio, Tempe'ries; originally 
 from temjpus, ' time,' the great temperer; Com- 
 plex'io, Crasis, Eucra'sia. A name givento the 
 remarkable differences that exist between in- 
 dividuals, in vnsequenqe of the variety of 
 relations and proportions between the consti- 
 tuent parts of the body. Thus, of old, it was 
 supposed, that, according to the "predominance 
 of any one of the four humours then 'generally 
 admitted, — blood, lymph, bile, and atrabilis or 
 black bile, — the manifestations of the functions 
 were tempered or modified so as to give rise to 
 
TEMPERANCE 
 
 832 
 
 TEMPORO-MAXILLART 
 
 a sdngwvne, lymphatic, choleric, ot atrabilious 
 or melancholic predominance or temperament. 
 The idea oi the existence of certain of these 
 humours has heen banisted, yet the influence 
 of some, as of the blood, lymph, arid bile, is 
 still admitted by many. Too much^nfluence 
 has, doubtless, beerf assignecLto temperament 
 in the- sense in which it was formerly and still 
 is generally understood, although there can be 
 no question that difference of x)rganizatiou, oc- 
 casiona'a difference in. the activity of organs. 
 
 Tempeeament, Bilious, Choleric temperament.) 
 
 TEU'P'E'RA'NC'E.,Sophros'yne,Nephal'iotes, 
 Sobri'etas, Solri'ety, Moderation, opposed to 
 gluttony and drunkenness. The advantage of 
 temperance, in a hygienic point of view, re- 
 quires no comment. 
 
 TEMPtRANTS, Sedatives. 
 
 TEMPERATIO, Temperament. 
 
 TEMPERATURA, Temperament. 
 
 TEMPERIES, Temperamenr. 
 
 TEMPLE, Tempus, Re'gio Tenipora'lvs, 
 C'rot'aphus,(F.yTempe. A depression, on each 
 side of the head, between the forehead and eye 
 anteriorly, and the ear posteriorly. The tem- 
 ples, distinguished into right and left, corres- 
 pond to the temporal fossa on each side. The 
 word is said to "be from the Latin tempus, ' time,' 
 because in this part the hair first begins to turn 
 white, and to indicate age. 
 
 TEM'PORAL, Temporalis. That which re- 
 lates to the teiiiples. 
 
 Tempokal- Aponeuro'sis is a very strong 
 aponeurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which 
 is attached to the whole of the curved line of 
 the temporal bone ; to the posterior edge of the 
 malar bone ; to the superior margin of the 
 zygomatic arch; and forms an envelope for the 
 temporal muscle. 
 
 -~ Temporal ^-i^teeies-,- Crot'aphite Arteries, 
 are several. 1, The Temporal Artery, properly 
 so-called, arises from the outer side of the su- 
 perior part of the -external carotid. It ascends 
 between the ramus of the jaW, the meatus audi- 
 torius externus, and the parotid gland, which 
 covers it as far as the zygomatic arch. Above 
 this it becomes subcutaneous; and, when it has 
 attained the middle of tbe temporal region, it 
 divides into two branches ; the one anterior — 
 A, temporal lis fronta'lis seu inter'na ,&evL ante'- 
 rior; the other po'sterior — the A. temporalis oc- 
 cipita'lis seu e3:;ter'na seu supe'rior. The tem- 
 poral artery, before its division, gives off, 1 . 
 Branches to the parotid ; to the joint of the lower 
 jaw; to the meatus auditorius»and to the masse- 
 ter. 2. The transverse artery of the face. 3. 
 The middle tem/po%al, which arises beneath the 
 cheek-bone, and traverses the temporal aponeu- 
 rosis, immediately beneath that bone. II. The 
 J)eep-seate,dTem'porals,A,tempora'lesprofun'da. 
 These are two in number. They arise from the 
 internal maxillary, and have been distinguished, 
 from their position, into atiterior and posterior. 
 They send their principal divisions to the tem- 
 poral muscle. 
 
 Temporal Bone, Os tem'poris seu tempora'll 
 seu arcua'le seu arma'll seu parieta'li inferius 
 se]icrotaphit'icumseum.eme7i'tomorise\imendo'- 
 sum seu crot'aphus, is seated at the lateral and 
 inferior part of the cranium, of which it forms 
 part; and contains, within it, the special organs 
 of audition. It is usually divided into three 
 portions: — 1. The squamous, Pars sguamo'sa, 
 
 Os lepidoi'des seu squamo'sum seu squamifor'- 
 mi, (F.) Portion eeailleuse ou squameuse. 2. 
 The mastoid portion, and, 3. The Petrous por- 
 tion, Petrous Proc"ess, Pars petro'sa, Pyr^amis 
 ^rigo'nq,, Os lapidewm seu lapidd'sum seu 
 saxeum seu petro'sum'iQ^^ lithoides seu durum 
 seu prceru/pta rupi assimila'twm seu nervale. 
 Pars pyramidalis ossis tempori, (F.) Portion 
 pierreuse. Rocker, Os pelreiitp, Apophyse pyra- 
 midale, A. petree. 
 
 It has, first, an auricular or exterftal face, 
 ou which is a surface that makes part of the 
 tenlporal fossa; the zygomatic process; the 
 glenoid cavity; the fissure 'if Glaserius ; the 
 meatus auditorius externus; the mastoid pro- 
 cess;'the digastric groove; the canalis caroHcus; 
 the jugular fossa; the styloid process; the stylo- 
 mastoid fora/msn, ^lc -9. A. cerebral OT internal 
 surface, which corresponds to the cavity of the 
 cranium, and on which is the Pars petrosa, the 
 hiatus Pa'llopii,ihs meatus auditorius iniernus, 
 WiQ fissu/i^ of ^he a'quceductus vestibuli, a por- 
 tion of the gutter for the lateral sinus, &c. 3. 
 A circumference, on which is observed the ori- 
 ficfe of the bony portion of the Eustachian tube 
 and the aquaductus cochlese, &c. The temporal 
 bone is articulated with the sphenoid, occipital, 
 parietal, ti5alar,-and inferior maxillary bones. 
 It is developed from five points of ossification. 
 Temporal Fossa is an excavation, observed 
 at each side of' the head. It is filled by the 
 muscle whose name it bears, and is formed by 
 the temporal and sphenoid, below ; by the pa- 
 rietal and frontal bones, above ; is separated, by 
 a transverse crista, from the zygomatic foSsa; 
 and completed, -before, by the cheek bone. 
 
 .Temporal Muscle, Tempora'lis, CrotaphVtes, 
 (^.)Arcctdi-tempoto-maxillaire,Tefnparo-maxil- 
 teVe (Ch.) is'a broad, flattened, triangular mus- 
 cle which fills the temporal fossa. Its fibres are 
 attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa; 
 and all converge into a strong tendon, which 
 passes under the zygomatic arch, and is in- 
 serted into the corbnoid process of the lower 
 jaw. This muscle raises the lower jaw, and 
 applies the teeth against each other. 
 
 Temporal Nerves. These are distinguished 
 into the'; superficial temporal, furnished by the 
 inferior maxillary branch of the 5th pair, be- 
 hind the condyle of the jaw ; and,the temporales 
 profundi, — anterior arid posterior, furnished by 
 the same nerve; at its exit from the cranium. 
 Sommering has given the name temporal to the 
 divisions sent by the facial nerve to the tempo- 
 ral regions. 
 
 Temporal Veins were formei-ly called Mtoi 
 or Aetoi Phleies, Aq'uilte Vence. 
 
 TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE, AttoUens 
 aurem — t. Maxillaire, Temporal muscle. 
 
 TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY.Tem'poro-maatJ- 
 la'ris. That which belongs to the temporal 
 borie and lower jaw. 
 
 Temporo-maxillaet Articulation or joint 
 of the lower jaW, is seated between the -glenoid 
 cavity and transverse process of the' temporal 
 bone on the one hand, and the condyle of the 
 lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages 
 cover the surfaces of these bones. The one is 
 common to the transverse process and the por- 
 tion of the glenoid cavity, anterior to the fis- 
 sure of Glaserius; the other belongs to the con- 
 dyle. This articulation is furnished with an 
 inter-articular fibro-cartilage, two synovial cap- 
 
TEMPUS 
 
 833 
 
 TENTIPELLUM 
 
 snles, and two lateral ligaments : — the one in- 
 ternal, and the other external. 
 
 Tempoko-makillarx Neeves of Bichat are 
 the divisions of the facial nerve, (Jistributed to 
 the temporal and maxill^iry regions. 
 
 T E M E U S, Temple— t. Intercalare, Apy- 
 rexia. Intermission. 
 
 TEMULEN'TIA, Elri'etas, Ebrios'itas, 
 Methys'mus, Drun&'enness : — from wine, (Eno- 
 pklyg"iaf Onophlyx'is, Vinolen'tia, (F.) Ivresse* 
 Plater gave.this name to delirium; EttmuUer, 
 to an apoplectic condition, . depending upon 
 drunkenness; the ApofUic'ia Temuhnttao^ dead 
 drunkenness. Commonly, Temrdetitia is used 
 synonymously with drunkenness, ilfeifte; and 
 is often employed\in the description of diseases 
 to indicate a state resembling drunkenness. 
 Mania e Temulentid is the same as Delirium 
 tremens, ^ 
 
 TENACTJLA, Bone-nippers— t. Volsella, 
 Forceps (lithotomy.) 
 
 TEN ACULU^il, from teneo, '1 hold.' A 
 kind of fine hook attached to a handle which is 
 thrust through the jparietes of a hlood vessel to 
 draw it out and enable it to he tied. , 
 
 Tenaculum, As^alihi's. An ingenious in- 
 strument, invented by Assalini. It consists of 
 a forceps, or double tenaculum, the points of 
 which are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to 
 be readily received into each other when the 
 instrument is closed on the artery, which it is 
 by a spring. It is of great use when the sur- 
 geon has no assistant at hand. The instrument 
 is figured in S. Cooper's "First Lines." 
 TENAILLE ZZVC/S-JFjE,, Bone-nippers. 
 
 TENASMUS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TENDON, Tendo, Pronerva'tio, from tsivw, 
 ' 1 stretch :' Tenon, a Sinew. A fibrous cord, 
 more or less round, long, or flattened; of a 
 white, pearl colour, and composed of very close 
 parallel fibres. The tendons are attached to 
 the bones, by one extremity ; by the other, they 
 receive the insertions pf the fleshy fibres : some- 
 times they afford attachment to fleshy fibresat 
 both ends;-^as in the digastric muscle. The 
 tendons must be considered as so many cords, 
 for transmitting the motion of muscles to the 
 bones or levers. 
 
 TENDON D'ACHILLE,AcVLms tendo. 
 
 Tendon, CoRDiFOEM, or the ' Diaphragm, 
 Centre, phrenic. 
 
 TENDOINES, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub- 
 sultus tendinum. i 
 
 TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TENESME, Tenesmus—*, de^ I'CEsopkage, 
 CEsophagismus — t. Vesical, Bradysuria. 
 
 TENES'MtrS, Teines'mos, Tenas'mus, from 
 TE(w», 'I stretch:' Froc'tica'Tenesmus, Procio- 
 spas'mus, Ohstipa'tio TenesTruus, Tinag'tnus, 
 (F.) Tenesme, Apreintes.- Frequent, vain, and 
 painful desires to go to stool; — one of the chief 
 symptoms of inflammation of the lining mem- 
 brane of the digestive tube, as of dysentery. 
 
 Tenesmus, Vesick, Bradysuria — t. Vesicas 
 mucosus, Cystirrhosa. 
 
 TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomv.) 
 
 T&NIA, Tffinia. 
 
 TENNESSEE', MINERAL "WATERS OF. 
 On the waters of French Broad River, in this 
 state, is a large, clear, thermal spring. The 
 heat is so great that, on first going into the 
 water, it is almost insupportable. 
 
 TENON, Tendon. 
 
 TENONT'AGRA, from rtvur, 'tendon,' and 
 oyga, ' seizure.' A variety of gout; which af- 
 fects the tendinous parts of muscles, or the ten- 
 dinous ligaments, which strengthen certain ar- 
 ticulations. 
 
 TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
 
 TENONTOTRO'TI, from reriov, 'tendon,' 
 and f iT^tupxci), ' I wound.' They who are 
 wounded in the tendons.— Galen. 
 
 TENOT'OMY, reMotom'ia, Teneotom'ia, Te- 
 nontom'ia, Sec'tio seu Dissec'tio ten'dinum, 
 from Ttfojv, 'a tendon,' and,T<i|i"ij "'incision.' 
 The bpeiration of dividing a tendon, often prac- 
 tised for the removal of loxarthrus or deviation 
 of the joints — as in club foot. , 
 
 TENSEUR DE L'APONgVROSE F&- 
 JKOiJilLB, Fascia lata muscle. , 
 
 ,TEN'felON,TiSM'ajo, Tensu'ra, Tasis,Diat'- 
 asis, Entonia, (Enton'ia is also used for over- 
 tension,) Gomen'sio,,.Disten'sio, fiom tendere, 
 ' to stretch.' State of a part, which is stretched, 
 when its textures are distended by the afilux 
 of fluids, or the accumulation of gas; or -when 
 its fibres are drawn, as it were, in an opposite 
 direction, and are, consequently, more resisting 
 than usual. 
 
 . TENSOR TARSI. A small muscle, belong- 
 ing to the inner commissure of the eyelids, 
 well described bj^ Professor Horiler, of Philadel- 
 phia, and hence termed Muscle of Homen It 
 is about three lines broadband six long; arises 
 from the posterior flat surface of the os unguis, 
 near its junction with the ethmoid bone, and 
 passeg forwards and outwards, lying on the pos- 
 terior face of the lachrymal ducts. As it ap- 
 proaches the commissure of the lids, it splits 
 into two nearly equal parts, each of which is 
 appropriated to a duct, and inserted, along its 
 course, ' almost to the punctum lachrymale. 
 Its chief office seems to be, to influence the 
 position of the puncta lachrymalia, and to re- 
 gulate the course of the tears through the la- 
 chryrhal ducts. 
 
 Tensor Palati, Circumflexus musculus. 
 ' Tensor'Tym'pani, jKf«r'mMi,4Mri*, Intemus 
 ii/lal'lei, (F .) Salpingo'Tnalleen. A small muscle 
 which arises from the petrous portion of the 
 temporal bone, and the cartilage of the Eusta- 
 chian tube, and terminates by a tendon, which 
 is reflected over the processus cochleaformis, 
 and is inserted into, the apophysis of the handle 
 of the malleus. 
 
 Tensor Vagina; Femoeis, Fascia Idta muscle. 
 
 TENSURA, Tension. 
 
 TENSUS, Penis.. 
 
 TENTj Tenta, Turun'da,a.nd its diminutive 
 Turun'dula, Pepic'ulus, Penicil'lus, Penicil'- 
 lum., Motas, Lemnis'cus: (F.) Tente, Mhche, 
 from tentare, ' to try or explore.' In surgery, 
 tents are small rolls of lint, of a cylindrical or 
 pyramidal shape, which are introduced into 
 wounds and deep ulcers, to prevent them; from 
 closing before they are filled up from the bottom. 
 Tents are sometimes also made of prepared 
 sponge, gentian root, &c. They are not so 
 much used as they formerly were. 
 
 TENT AC UL ARIA; Filaria homini? bron- 
 chialis. 
 
 TENTACULUM CEREBIILLI, Tentorium. 
 
 TENTE, Tent—t. du Cervelet, Tentorium. 
 
 TENTIGO VENEREA, Nymphomania— t. 
 Veretri, Satyriasis. ' 
 
 TENTIPEL'LUM, horn tendo, 'I stretch,' 
 
TENTORIUM 
 
 834 
 
 TERRA NOCERIANA 
 
 and pellis, ' the skin.' Ancient name of a cos- 
 metic, with which, it was pretended, wrinkles 
 could be effaced. 
 
 TENTO'RIDM, T. eerehel'lo super-esfien' sunii 
 T. cerebelli, Tentac'ul-uTncerebelli, Septum trans- 
 verse, (Ch^^ Transverse Septtim,Septumenceph^- 
 ali, I?itersep 'ta horizontaHia Pacchio'ni^ Proces'- 
 sus tra,nsver'sy.s dura matris. Lateral Processes 
 of the Dura Mater, Diaphrag'ma cer'ebti, (F.) 
 Tente du cervelet, Plancher du Cerveau, from 
 tendere, tentum, ' to stretch.' A process of the 
 dura mater, whidi separates the cerebrum ftom 
 the cerebellum. It extends- from the internal 
 horizontal spine of , the occipital bone, directly 
 forwards to the sella Turcica of the sphenoid. 
 
 Tentoeium Ceeebello, Tentorium. 
 
 TENTUM, Penis. 
 
 TENTWORT, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 TENUIS MATER, Pia mater. 
 
 TENUITAS AQUOS A, Predominium aquae. 
 . TEPHROSIA VIRGINIAN A, Galega Vir- 
 giniana. 
 
 TEPIDARIUM, see Stove. 
 
 TEPLITZ, Toplitz. 
 
 TERAS, Monster. 
 
 TERAJOL'OGY, Teratolog"ia, from ttqas, 
 — 'genitive,' regaroe, 'a monster,' and Xoyo?, 
 ' a discourse,' A description,' or the doctrinfe, 
 of monsters. 
 
 TERATOSIS, see Monster. 
 
 TEREBELLA, Trepan. 
 
 TlRABENTHINE, Terebinthina-^*. de 
 Bordeaux, see Pinus sylvesfris — t. de Ohio, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus— f . de Copaku, Copaiba — 
 *. Commune, see Pinus sylvestris — t. d'^Agypte, 
 see Amyris opohalsamum — t. de Gilead, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — t. du Grand Caire, see 
 Amyris opobalsamum — t. de Judie, see Amyris 
 opobalsamum — *. de'Meleze, see Pinus larix — 
 
 TEREBIN'THINA, from Tsp^ivfl-os, or rigj- 
 fliv9ot, ' the turpentine tree.' Tur'pentine, Bo- 
 tin, Albotim., Altilibat, Bruiino, (F.) Tereben- 
 thine. A substance, of the consistence of honey, 
 which flows from many trees of the terebin- 
 thaceae, and conifera; femilies. It is vispid; 
 shining; more or less transparent ; inflafifimable; 
 of a warm, pungent taste ; strong smell, and is 
 entirely composed of resin and essential oil, 
 without benzoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. 
 See Turpentines, Pinus palustris and Pinus syl- 
 vestris. AH the turpentines are stimulant, 
 diuretic, and cathartic. 
 
 TeKebinthina Ab-gentoratensis, see Pinus 
 picea — t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea — t. 
 Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea — t. Chia, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus — t. Communis, see Pinus 
 sylvestris — t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus 
 — ^t. Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris — t. 
 Veneta, see Pinus larix — t. Vera, see Pistacia 
 terebinthus — t. Vulgaris, see Pinus sylvestris. 
 t. de Vetiise, see Pinus larix. 
 
 TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus— t. Gummi- 
 fera, Bursera gummifera— t. Lentiscus, Pistacia 
 lentiscus — t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 TEREBRA, Trepan. 
 
 TEREBRATIO, Trepanning. 
 
 TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries, Spina ventosa. 
 
 TERES, Stron'gyltts, Cylindroi'des, 'long 
 and round.' An epithet given to many organs, 
 the fibres of which are collected into round 
 fasciculi. 
 
 Teres Lig'amen'tum, (F.) Ligament rond. 
 This name is given to the round ligament in 
 
 the cdtyloid cavity of -the os innorhinatnin, 
 which is attached to the head of the bone, and 
 to tie bottom of the cavity. It is also given 
 to a small fibrous fascia, which extends from 
 the coronoid process of the ulna to below the 
 bicipital tubercle of the radius. 
 
 Teres Major, (F.) AnguK-scapulo-Tiume- 
 ral, Scapulo-kumeral, (Ch.) Grand rondjia situ- 
 ate at the inferior and posterior part of the 
 shoulder. . It is attached, on the one handy to 
 the outer surface of the scapula; to the cor- 
 responding part of its axillary margin ; and, on 
 the other, to the posterior margin of the bicipi- 
 tal groove of the humerus. It carries the arm 
 backwards and inwards, and carries it also in- 
 wards in rotation. When it acts jvith the lon- 
 ^issimus dorsi and pectoralis major, it applies 
 the arm against the lateral part of the chest, 
 and keeps it forcibly there. 
 
 . Teres Minor, (^^.) Le plus petit sus-scapulo- 
 trochitirien, (Ch.) Petit rond, Margini-sus-sca-. 
 pfulo-trochiterien ; Nanus hu'meri Placenti'ni, 
 is situate at the posterior and inferior part of 
 the shoulder : it is narrow and' flattened, froni 
 above to below, in its inner half; and, from be- 
 fore to behind, in the outer. It is attached, on 
 the one part, to the outer surface of the scapula, 
 near its inferior angle ; and, on the other, to the 
 inferior part of the great tuberosity of the hu- 
 merus." It depresses the arm, and causes it to 
 turn on its axis from within outwards: It also 
 carries it backwards. 
 
 TERESIS, Observation. 
 
 TERETRIUM, Trepan. 
 
 TERETRON, Trepan. 
 
 TERGEMINI, Trigemini. 
 
 TERGUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
 
 TERMINALIA, see Myrobalanus. 
 
 TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature., 
 
 TERMIN'THUS, TereUn'thus, from Ttj/atF- 
 9oe, 'the turpentine tree.' Fhypia ' Anthrax 
 Terminthus, Berry or Fungous carbuncle. The 
 ancients gave this name to a tumour, sur- 
 mounted hy a black pustule, and resernbling 
 the fruit of the tu;:pentine tree. 
 
 Terminthus, Pistacia terebinthus. 
 
 TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERSE AR- 
 TERI^, Larynx. 
 
 TERMS, Menses. 
 
 TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Mag- 
 nesia carbonas — t. Aluminis, Argilla pura — t. 
 Amara aerata. Magnesias -carbonas^t. Amara 
 sulphui'ica, Magnesiae sulphas — t. Bolaris, Ar- 
 gilla pura — t. Foliata, Sulphur — t. Friliata mi- 
 neralis. Soda acetata — t. Foliata ' tartari, Po- 
 tassae acetas — t. Fornacurn, see Bricks — t. Ful- 
 lonica, Cimolia purpurescens — t. Japonica, Ca- 
 techu, Nauclea gambir. 
 
 Terra Lem'nia, Argilla bolus 'fiava, Lem'- 
 nidJi Earth, Lemp'nias, A narpe given by the 
 ancients to a solid, reddish, astringent, sub- 
 stance, prepared with the pulp of the fruit of the 
 Baobab, an African tree, according to Prosper 
 Alpinus. It seems, however, to be an argilla- 
 ceous earth. It has been employed as an as- 
 tringent. 
 
 Terra Livon'ica. A Terra sigillcita or 
 sealed earth from Livonia, redder than that 
 from Silesia, and very astringent. 
 
 Terra Merita, Curcuma longa. 
 
 Terra Noceria'na. A whitish, soft, and 
 astringent earth, found in the environs of No- 
 cera, in Italy. 
 
TERRAPIN 
 
 835 
 
 TETANUS 
 
 Teeka Os.^'EA.'mA.tPigmen'tum urucu, XTrwc'u, 
 (F.) ' S.OCOU, Raueou, Bieket. A pigmental 
 matter obtained from the seeds of the Bixa Or- 
 leana. In Jamaica, it is recommended in dys- 
 entery,' and is considered to possess astringent 
 and stomachic qualities. It is called, according 
 to its shape, Flag Annot'to, Roll or Egg Annotto. 
 
 Spanish Annotte, Bisca, is in small, oblong 
 cakes. It is chiefly employed as a Colouring 
 matter. 
 
 TpREA Os'sEA, Mate'ria ossea. Bony matter. 
 The earthy portion of bones. 
 
 Teeka ' BoijDEE,psA, , BarytAr-t. Ponderosa 
 muriata, Baryta, muriate of-^t. Ponderosa sa- 
 lita. Baryta, muriate of— rt. Saponaria, Cimolia 
 purpurescens. 
 
 Teera PoETUGAL'mcA, Boffros, Bucaros. A 
 reddish, astringent, styptic earth, obtained from 
 Portyg&l. 
 
 Teeea SisIlla'ta, Sealed Earth. A bole 
 or earthy matter, made into little cakes or flat 
 masses, and stamped with certain impressions, 
 as with the head' of the Grand Seignior. To 
 these belong the Terra Silesiaca, Terra Lemnia, 
 T. Turcica. See Bolus alba. 
 
 Teera Silesiac a. See Terra sigillata — t. Tal- 
 cosa Qxyanthracodes, Magnesiae earbonas — t. 
 Turcica, see Terra sigillata. 
 
 Teeea Uei'm\e. The earthy deposit in the 
 urine. ^ 
 
 Teeea Viteioli Dulcis, (Jolcothar. 
 
 TERRAPIN, Emys palustris. 
 
 TERRE BOLAIREy Bolus—*. Noix, Bu- 
 niura bulbocastanum — t. Peaante, Bai;yta-^t. 
 Sigillee, Bolus alba. - 
 
 TERRETTE, Glecoma hederacea. 
 
 TERTIAN FEVER, Fehris' tertia'nUyAn'- 
 etiis tertiaiius, Tritce'us, Tertian Ague, (F.) 
 Fiivre tierce. An intermittent, whose parox- 
 ysms recur every third day, or eveiy 48 hours. 
 The mildest, and the most pernicious, inter- 
 mittents belong to this head. As a general 
 rule, it is the most manageable form of ague. 
 
 TERTIAN ARlA, Scutellaria galericulita. 
 
 TESSARA, Cuboid. 
 
 TESSELLA, Tabella. 
 
 TEST,' DANIEL'S, see' Docimasia pulmb- 
 num — ^t. Hydrostatic, see Docimasia pulmonum 
 — t. Floucquet's, see Docimasia pulmonuni — t. 
 Static, see Docimasia pulmonum. 
 
 TE^STA PRiEPARA'TA, Prepared Oyster- 
 shell. Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous mat- 
 ter, washed with boiling water, reduiced to 
 powder, and prefpared in the same manner as 
 Creta praeparata. i 
 
 Testa, see Ostrea. 
 
 TESTA'CEOUS, from testa, ' a shell.' A 
 powder, consisting of burnt shells. These con- 
 tain carbonate of lime chiefly, and hence the 
 term has been applied to cretaceous substances. 
 
 TEST^ FORNACEiE, Bricks— t. Ostres, 
 see Ostrea. 
 
 TESTES. The Testicles. Vulgarly, the 
 Stones. A name, also, given to the inferior 
 tubercles of the corpora quadrigemina, to dis- 
 tinguish them from the superior, called Nates. 
 
 Testes Ceeebri, see Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 TiES'TICLE, Testis, Tlvin'Us, TesHc'ulus, 
 Orchis, Pomum amo'ris, Did'ymus, Gem'mi 
 (pi.;) Gemelli (pl.j) Ovum, (F.) Testicule, 
 from testis, ' a witness,' because the testicles 
 
 are evidences of virility. The name of two 
 glandular organs, contained in the scrotum, 
 whose office is to secrete sperm. They are 
 formed of a gray and softish substance, composed 
 of tortuous canals, called Tubuli seminif'eri 
 vel Vasa semina'lia, folded on each other, and 
 of ■extreme fineness; the number of which, ac- 
 cording to the estimate 'of Monro, is 62,500, 
 and the total length 5,208 feet. All these ca- 
 nals, uniting in their course, pass through the 
 corpus Highmorianum, concur in forming the 
 epididymis, and, give origin to the vas deferens. 
 The testicles are covered, immediately, by a 
 fibrous membrane, of an opafce white colour, 
 and very tough, calljsd Tu'nica Alhigin'ea, or, 
 simply, Albugin'ea, Perites'tis, of which the 
 corpus Highmorianum is only an enlargement. 
 Over this, again, is the tunica vaginalis, the 
 second envelope of the testis. 
 
 Testicle, Swelled, Hernia humoralis. 
 ^ TESTICONDUS, Crypsorchis. 
 TESTICULE, Testicle. 
 TESTICULUS, : Testicle— t. Accessorius, 
 Epididymis — t. Caninus, Orchis mascula. 
 
 TESTIS FEMINEUS,Ovary—t.Minor,Pros- 
 tate — t. Mtiliebris, Ovary — t. Virilis, Testicle. 
 TESTUDINATIO CRANII, Camarosis. 
 TESTU'DOj Chelo'ne, (F.) Tortue. A ge- 
 nus of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of 
 •which is much esteemed as an article of^iet. 
 
 Also, an encysted tumour, which has been 
 supposed to resemble the shell of a turtle ; Em- 
 phy'ma encys'tis ganglion. See Talpa. 
 
 Testudo- Ceeebei, Forjiix — t. Scapulae, see 
 Scapula. 
 
 TET'ANIC, Tetan'icum, Convulsi'vum, Cbn- 
 vul'sive, from ,t«ivb, ' I stretch.' A remedy 
 •which acts on the nerves, and, through them, 
 on the muscles, occasioning, in large doses, 
 convulsions. The iihief agents of this class 
 are Nux Vomica, Strychnia, Brucia, Arnica 
 and Toxicodendron. 
 
 • Also,-an epithet for a tonic convulsion. 
 TETANOMATA, Tetanothra. 
 'IETANO'TliRA,Tetanom'ata,Erugato'ria, 
 from TiTavst, ^free from wrinkles.' Medicines 
 which remove wrinkles. — Gorraeus. 
 
 TET'ANUS, from niva, 'I stretch;' Spasm 
 vjvth' rigidity, Conpul'sio In'dica, Holoton'ia, 
 Soloton'ibus, Holotet'anus, Tet'anus universa'- 
 lis, Rigor Tiervo'sus' sen nerporuiri, Exten'sio 
 seu Histen'sio, Enta'sia Tetanus, Cat'ochus 
 cervi'nus, Catoohus holoton'icus. A disease 
 which consists in a perlhanent contraction of all 
 the muscles or merely of some, without alter- 
 nations of relaxation. It is characterized by 
 clbsure of the jaws ; difficulty or impracticabi- 
 lity of deglutition; rigidity and immobility of 
 the limbs and trunk, which is sometimes curved 
 forwards {Emprosthot'onos), sometime;s back- 
 wards (Opisthot'onos), and sometimes to one 
 side, {Fleurothot'onos.) When tetanus is con- 
 fined to the muscles of the jaws, it is called 
 Trismus. It is a most formidable afiection. 
 The means of treatment are : — copious and re- 
 peated blood-letting ; bathing, cold and warm ; 
 powerful doses of opium, and other narcotics. 
 In Traumat'ic Tetanus, or that which super- 
 venes on a wound, every extraneous matter 
 must, of course, be*'removed from the wound, 
 and soothing applications be made to it. 
 
 Tetanus Anxious, Emprosthotonos — t. Do- 
 lorificus. Cramp — t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos— t. 
 
[TETART^.US 
 
 836 
 
 THALAMUS 
 
 Lateralis, Pleurothotonos 7- 1. Maxillae inferio- 
 ris, Trismus^t. Posterganews, Opisthotonos — 
 t. Posticus, Opisthotonos — t. Universalis, see 
 Tetanus. 
 
 TETART^US, Qilartan. 
 
 TETARTOPHI'A, from tfraenc,-' the 
 fourth/ and 91/41, ' I arise.' Qtiarta'nus remit- 
 tens. A quartan, in which the intermission is 
 inordinately short or imperfect. 
 
 TETE, Caput, Head—*, de Veau, Elephan- 
 tiasis of the Greeks. 
 
 TETRAiJRACH'MON, from T^gw, «four,' 
 and Iqaxitti, 'a drachm.' A weight of four 
 drachms or half an ounce^ 
 
 TfiTRAGONPS, Platysma myoides. 
 
 TETRAMY'RON, from nrQM, 'four,' and 
 /iv^ov, ' an ointment.' An ointment of four in^ 
 gredients. Galen. 
 
 TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita citruUus., 
 
 TETRANTHE'RAPICHU'RIM, i?34» Pi- 
 ekunm, F. Pechu'rei. The seeds of tWs Bra- 
 zilian plant have been used in diarrhea, dysen- 
 tery, flatulent colic, &c. Dose, aij. 
 
 TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Coturnix; the 
 Quail, (F.) Cailte. The quail is an esteemed 
 article of diet. The Greek name is oftv'^; ^and 
 the places, called Ortygia, are named after it. 
 The excrements of the quail were formerly 
 extblled in epilepsy, and the fat in, specks of 
 the eye. , '• . , 
 
 TETRAPHAR'MACUM,from'T8Ts«c, 'four,' 
 and tpxQfiaxov, ' a medicine.' A medicine con- 
 sisting of four ingredients. 
 
 TETRAS'CELUS, from rerja, ,'four,' and 
 irxsKoc, ' leg.' A monster having jfour legs. — 
 Gurlt. , , s . s 
 
 TETROB'OLON. ; The -weight of four oboli, 
 or two scruples. — Gorrasus. 
 
 TETROROS, Astragalus. 
 
 TETTER, Herpes— t. Crusted, Impetigo— t.. 
 Honeycotfib,Porrigo favosa-r-t. Humid, Eczema 
 impetigo-rrt. Milky, Porrigo laryalis— t. Pustu- 
 lar, Impetigo — t. Running, Impetigo — t. Scaly, 
 
 TETTERWORT, Chelicjonium majus. 
 
 TEUCRIUM CAPITA'TUM, Pghy-Moun- 
 tain of Montfel'lier, Po'liitm, monta'numy is, 
 generally, substituted for the last. The com- 
 mon Foley 'mountain is the Teucrium monta'- 
 num; and the Golden Poley-mountain, the 
 Teucrium Po'lium,-, Po'lion, 
 
 Teu'oeium CiiAM«'DErs, Ckamsdrys, C. 
 minor repens, C, vnlga'ris, Qiier'cula minor 
 seu Calamandfi'na, Trissa'go, Chaince'dropSj 
 Triipa^gOj Common GerTJia^'der, Creeping Ger- 
 mander) Small Germander, ET^^isJi. Treahle, 
 {¥.)Petit chine, Germandree officinale.'Family, 
 Labiatse. Sex. Syst. DidynamraGymnospermia. 
 This is possessed of aromatic and bitter pro- 
 perties. The dose of the dried powder is from 
 3ssto3J. , _ 
 
 Teucrium CHAMiEp'iTYS, Chamapitys, Ar- 
 thet'ica, Arthretica, A^u'ga, A. ChamtEp'itys, 
 Ahiga, Chamam^'rvmi, Iva arthrit'ica, Holoc'- 
 yron, lo'nia, Sideri'tis, Common Groundpine, 
 (F.) Petite lyette. Properties like the last. The 
 tops or leaves have been recommended as. ape- 
 rients and tonics ; especially in female obstruc- 
 tions, and in pWalytic disorders. 
 
 Teucrium Cret'icum,^ Poley-mountain of 
 Candy, Po'lium Cret'icum. The tops and whole 
 herb enter into the old compounds, Mithridate 
 and Theriaca. It has a moderately aromatic 
 
 smell; and a nauseous, bitter taste, and is 
 .placed among th^ aperients and corroborants. 
 
 Teucrium FtAvuM has similar properties to 
 T. chathaedrys. 
 
 Teucrium Iva, Chamcep'itys moscha'ta, Iva 
 moscka'ta' Monspelien'sSum, Iva, CkUtnapitys 
 anthyl'lus, ^French Groundpine, (^.) Ivette mus- 
 quee. It has similar virtues to T. GhamoBpitys, 
 but is weaker. - ., ^ / 
 
 Teucrium M^kum, Marum Syriaoum, Ma- 
 rum Cret'icum, Majora'na Syriaca, Marum 
 verwm, M, Cortu'si, Chofmasfdrys inca'na ma- 
 Ht'ima, Mq,rwm germander,, Syrian kerb 'vnas- 
 tieh,'Cat thyme, Orig'anum Syriacum, (F.) 
 Marum on Germandree Maritime, Serbeaux 
 chats. A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated 
 smell ;^ formerly much used in medicine as a 
 tonic, antispasiiiodic, en^menagogue, &c. 
 
 Teucrium Soor'diumj Water Germander, 
 Scordium, Trissa'go^paluftris, Chamcedrys pa- 
 luistris, Al'lium i^ed'ole'as, (F.) Germandree Scor 
 rodone, SfUge^es iois^ Germandree aquatique. 
 The leaves have a garlicky smell, and bitterish, 
 slightly pungent taster It has the tonic pro- 
 perties of'the other Teucria. 
 
 TEXTUM INTliRLOBtlLARE, Interlobu- 
 lar tissue. 
 TEXTURA, Texture— t. Organica, Histos. 
 TEXTURE, Textu'jd, Textus, from texere, 
 textum, 'to' weave,' Tela, Hypha, My phi. 
 The particular arrangement of the tissues that 
 cohstitute an or^an. 
 
 TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue— t. Cellulosus, 
 Cellular, tissu^ — t. Desmosus, Desmoid tissue 
 — t. Nervorurii, tlexus nervorum — ^t..,Organi- 
 cus, Cellular tissue— t. Papillaris, Corpus pa- 
 pillare — ti Parenchymalis,.Cellular tissue. 
 TH^RIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THAL'AMUS, ^aXaixos, (F.) Couche; 'a 
 room or chkmber ; a bed.'. The place at whith 
 a nerve originates, or has teen considered to 
 originate. 
 
 Tbal'ami Nervo'rum Optioo'kum seii Op'- 
 Tici, Eminen'tics magna cer'ebri. Ganglia cere- 
 bri posti'ea. Crura ■medul'lx oblonga'tix, (of 
 some,) ' Stria'ta cor'pora supet'na posttrio'i'a, 
 Collic'uli nervo'rum optico'rum,Optie Thal'ami, 
 (F.) Couches des nerfs oculaires, (Ch.,) Couches 
 des nerfs optiques, Coiiches optiques. Two 
 rounded and irregular surfaces, which are seen 
 exposed in the lateral ventricles of the brain, 
 and in the third ventricle,, the inferior surface 
 of which presents two projections^ called Cor- 
 pora genicitla'ta, that furnish several filaments 
 to the optic nerves. The name was given from 
 a belief that the optic nerves originate from 
 them. They, however, arise more posteriorly, 
 and adhere merely to the inner margin of those 
 bodies. Gall considers, that the thalami act as 
 ganglions to the nerves ; and, hence, he calls thgm 
 Gfand ganglion cerebral infirieur. They, are 
 also called Posterior ganglion of the cerebrum: 
 FTom the thalami and dbrpora striata fibres pro- 
 ceed upwards to constitute the cbnvolutions of 
 the brain, and' the various bands, that connect 
 the different parts of the brain together. The up- 
 per and inner parts of the thalami are so closely 
 connected as to form one continued surfaoe,,called 
 Commissu'ra mollis. The posterior parts turn 
 downwards and outwards; after which they are 
 elongated to form the two white cords, termed 
 Tractus op'tici. 
 Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium. 
 
THALICTRON 
 
 837 
 
 THERAPEUTICS 
 
 THALICTRON, Thcdictrum, T. magnum, 
 T, Jlavum, T. Jlaves'eensi, Meadow-rue, Poor 
 Man's Rhubarb, Rhabar'barum pau'perJim, (F.) 
 Pigamon jaundtre, Rue dts pfis, Fausse- 
 Rhtdarbe, Rhitbarbe des pauvres. Family, 
 RanunculacesB. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Poly- 
 gynia. The root resembles rhubarb ia its 
 properties. 
 THALICTRUM, Thalictron. 
 THAMARINDtS, Tamarindus. 
 
 THANASIMUS, Mortal. 
 THANATODES, Mortal. 
 THANATOL'OGTj Ihanatolofia, Thrms- 
 colog"ia, from flaToTof, 'dea1;h,' and ^oyts, 'a 
 discourse.' A description, or the doctriii% of 
 death. C 
 
 THANATOS, Death. 
 
 THAP'SIA, from the island Thapsus. The 
 dfUdly carrot, Thapsia ascle'pias. Family, 
 Umbelliferae. Sea;. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
 The root operates violently, both upwards and 
 downwards. It isnot used. 
 
 THAPSUS BARBATrrS,Verbascumnigrum. 
 
 THARSI, see Tarsus. ^ 
 
 TH£, Thea — t. des Apalaches, Ilex vomitoria 
 — t.-de Prance, Salvia — t. d'Europe, Veronica 
 — t. de la Mer du sud, Ilex vomitoria — t. du 
 Mexique, Chenopodium ambrosioides — t. de Si- 
 mon Pauli, Myirica gale — t. Suisse, Falltrauck. 
 
 THEA, Chaa, Tea, (F.) The. There are 
 two principal speditis of tea-plant; the Thea 
 Bohe'a, and Thea vir'idis ; the blaei tea, and 
 the green. Family, Hesperideae. Sex. Syst.' 
 Polyandria Monogynia. In commerce, many 
 kinds of tea are met with. Several of the dif- 
 ferences between these appear to result from 
 the age at which the leaves have been collected, 
 andthemode of their desiccation. 
 
 Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe 
 about the year 1666 ; since which time its use 
 has become universal ; and, in spite of the as- 
 sertions ■of medical terrorists, it is, except in 
 particular idiosyncrasies, entirely harmless. 
 
 By an analogical transference, very common 
 in language, the word Tea has been used almost 
 sj^nonymously with infusion, as Reef tea. Mint 
 tea, &c. 
 
 Thea Geemanica, Veronica. 
 
 THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF. A name given 
 to supposititious branches of the coronary veins, 
 which Christopher Adam Thebesins, a German- 
 anatomist, described as opening into the heart 
 by small depressions observable in the right 
 auricle; and which have been called Foram'ina 
 Thebesii. No such veins can be demonstrated. 
 The valve, at the orifice of the coronary vfein, 
 in the right ventricle, is (galled Valvula Thebe'- 
 siij V. Guiffartia''ha, V. ventz magncc. 
 
 THECA, Cas£, Vagina, Sheath— t. Cerebri, 
 Cranium — t. Cordis, Pericardium — t. Vertebra- 
 lis, see Vertebral canal. " 
 
 THEION, Sulphur. 
 
 THEIOTHERM^, Waters, mineral sul- 
 phureous. 
 
 THELASIS, Lactation. 
 
 THELASMUS, Lactation; 
 
 THELASTRIA, Nurse. 
 
 THELE, Nipple, Papilla. 
 
 THELI'TIS, from fl^Ji,, ' the female nipple,' 
 ' the female breast,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
 mation. Inflammation of the nipple. 
 
 THELON'CUS, Mastoncus. 
 
 THELOS, Mamma. 
 
 THELTGON'IA, from ^l)^ot, 'pertaining to 
 the female sex,' and yon;, ' generation.' The 
 part taken by the female in the act of genera- 
 tion. Also, nymphomania. 
 THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.) 
 THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina. 
 THENAR, *EV«5, from 9cm, ' I strike.' The 
 palm of the hand, or sole of the foot. 
 
 Thenar Em'inenoe is the projection at the 
 ailterior and outer part of the hand, formed by 
 the abductor brevis, opponpns, and flexor brevis 
 pollicis. 
 
 Themar Muscle. Riolan and Winslow give 
 this name to the fleshy mass, formed of the ab- 
 ductor brevis, opporieris pollicis, and the ante- 
 rior part of the flexor brevis pollicis. In the 
 foot, Winslow gives the name Thenar muscle to 
 the abductor and flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
 Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis .manus. Palm. 
 THEOMANIA,' Demonomania. 
 THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy. 
 THEOPLEXIA, Apoplexy. 
 THEORETaCAL, Theoret'icus, Theo'ricus, 
 from fleaijsoi,' I contemplate,' (F.) Theoretique, 
 Thiorique. That which is confined to theory, 
 or is connected with it. An epithet also ap- 
 plied to a sect of physicians, who founded their 
 doctrine chiefly on reasoning. 
 THEORIA, Theory. 
 TH&ORIQUE, Theoretical, 
 THE'ORY, Theo'Ha, from 9iwfm, ' I con- 
 template.' The speculative pairt of a science. 
 The connexion .established ,in the mind be- 
 tween a general fact, or the least possible nnm- 
 hef of general facts, and a,ll the particular facts 
 dependent thereon: for example, — the motions 
 of ^ the teavenly bodies,'and the most important 
 natural phenomena are connected with a single 
 fact, previously knbwn by observation; viz. 
 that the force of gravity acts inversely accord- 
 ing to the square of the distance. This consti- 
 tutes the theory of universal gravitatiqn. The- 
 ory must not be confounded with system. The- 
 ory regards nature as it is, and is a rigid deduc- 
 tion from facts. System is too Often the crea- 
 ture of the imagination, to which nature is made 
 to bend. ' 
 
 Theory op Medioinj;, Institutes of Medi- 
 cine, Theoretical Medicine, is that part of the 
 science which attempts philosophically to ac- 
 count for the various phenomena that present 
 themselves during health as well as in disease. 
 It is the philosophy of Medicine. The Insti- 
 tutes of Medicine are generally considered to 
 comprise Physiology and its applications to Pa- 
 thology, Hygiene, and Therapeutics. By some 
 it is considered to include General Pathology 
 and General Therapeutics. 
 
 THEOTHERMjE, Waters, mineral sulphu- 
 reous. 
 
 THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics. 
 THERAPEUSIS, Therapeutics. 
 THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist. 
 THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics. 
 THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Thera- 
 peitJsia, Therapiusis, latrotech'nice, Practice of 
 Physic, Therapei'a, Therapi'a, Curato'ria 
 Meth'odus, Methodus Meden'di, from Qc^iniva, 
 'I wail upon, I alleviate, I attend upon the 
 a;/.t ' (F.) Therapeutiqiie. That part of me- 
 
 sick.- 
 
 dicine, the object of which is the treatment of 
 disease. With others, the department -which 
 
THgRAPEUTIQUS 
 
 838 
 
 THLASPI 
 
 comprises an explanation of the modus operandi 
 of medicines. 
 
 xmRAPEUTIQUE, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERAPEUTIST, rAera;;ew'«», Same ety- 
 mon. One, who practises therapeutics. A 
 practitioner of medicine. To be a good thera- 
 peutist, a man must be well versed in every' 
 department-of medicine, and be capable of 'ob- 
 serving and reasoning well. He may be a 
 good observer^ and^ yet a bad reasotier. He 
 cannot practise well unless he is both. Hence, 
 the comparatively small number of good thera- 
 peutists. 
 
 THE R APIA, Therapeutics. 
 
 THERIA, Radzyge. 
 
 THERIAC OF ANTIPATER, , Antipatri 
 theriaca. 
 
 THERIACA, 3-)jei«x«, from ^i^, 'aferocious 
 or venomous animal,' and amtiiiai, 'I cure.' 
 Treacle, (F.-) Theria'que, Also, a ttiedicine, 
 believed to be. capable of curing, or pre- 
 venting the effects of the bite of a venomous 
 animal. In this .sense it is chiefly usedj)y 
 writers. 
 
 Theeiaoa Andeom'achi, Venice Treacle, is 
 an ancient alexipharmic electuary ; consisting 
 of a farrago of 61 different ingredients, which 
 possessed thfe most opposite properties. It was 
 invented by Andromachus of Ctete, and prepared . 
 by order of Nero. It has received various mo- 
 difications ; and, to the discredit of the Faculte 
 de Mededne of Paris, has held its place in their 
 Codex, with even an additional numbe^' of in- 
 gredients. The Electua'riwm Opia'twm poly~ 
 phar'macwm of the Codex has contained acid in- 
 gredients, 5; astringent, 5\ hitter,^; indige- 
 nous aromatics, lO; umbelliferous aromdtics, 7; 
 balsams and resinous substances, 8 j fetid ingre- 
 dients, 6; narcotics, 1; ^earthy substances, Ij 
 gummy or amylaceous, 4 j saccharine, 3*; total 
 72! and one of these the flesh of the viper! 
 A little more than a grain of opium is contaiued 
 in each drachm of th,e compound. 
 
 Thekiaca Celestis, Tihctura opii — t. Com- 
 munis, Mela^ses — t. Edinensis, Confectio opii. 
 
 Thekiaca Geemano'eum. a 1 Extract or 
 rob, prepared from juniper berries. Used as a 
 stomachic. 
 
 Theriaca Londinen 'sis, Cataplasma Cymi'- 
 ni. A cataplasm of cumin seed, bay berries, 
 germander, snalcerodt, cloves, honey, and some- 
 times opium, or syrup of poppies. 
 
 Theeiaoa Rustiooeum, Allium. 
 
 THi.B.IAQUE, Theriaca. 
 
 THERIATRICA, Veterinary art. 
 
 THERIODES, Ferine. 
 
 THERIO'MA, Therion, bora fi-iij, 'a veno- 
 mous animal.' Any extremely malignant ulcer. 
 Sometimes confined to iilcfers of the lungs. 
 
 THERION, Therioma. 
 
 THERIOTOMY, Zootomy. 
 
 THERMA, Heat— t. Emphytum, Animal 
 heat. 
 
 THERMJEj^EgAia', Ther'mata^ Warm baths 
 or springs. See Waters (mineral.) 
 
 Theem;e Fabaeik, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters 
 of— t. PiperinsB, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters of— 
 t. Plumbariae, Plombieres, Mineral Waters of. 
 
 THERMASMA, Fomentation. , 
 
 THERMATA, Thermae. 
 
 THERMANTICA, Calefacients. 
 
 THERMUM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, 
 Biolychnium. 
 
 THESIS, 6eric, from T;flit|«<,'to place.' 'A 
 position or proposition.' bispuJta'tio, Inavg'- 
 ural Disserta'tion. The name usually given 
 to the essay composed, by a candidate for gra- 
 duation in medicine, which he is at times re- 
 quired to defend publicly. Often, however, it 
 is a mere form giving useless labour and trou- 
 ble to the student, inasmuch as it is executed 
 as a task, and iiever aftferwards regarded by the 
 preceptor or by others. Sandifo'rt, Haller, 
 Smellie, and StoU, have published collections 
 of these. v ' 
 
 Also, a suffix denoting 'arrangement;' hence 
 
 THEVE'TIA A'HOUAI, Ahouai. The ker- 
 nels of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to 
 be a violent poison. At the Antilles, its nuts 
 are called Noix de Serpent ; and they are used 
 against the bites of serpents. 
 
 THIGH , Sax. seoh, Femur, Fem^n, Crus, 
 Merus, Me'rium, (F.) Guisse. The; part of the 
 lower limb which extends from the pelvis to 
 the leg. The thigh is -larger at its superior 
 than inferior part, and has the -form of an in- 
 verted and truncated cone, slightly depressed 
 from within outwards. AJ>ove, it is ^bounded, 
 aifteriorly, by the groin ; externally, by the hip ; 
 behind, by the fold of the nates ; and v>ithin, by 
 the perineal region., Belpw^ it is bounded, a,n- 
 teriorlij, hy the prominence pf the knee; pos- 
 teriorly, by the hafiii. It is formed of a consi- 
 derable number of muscles, blood-vessels, lym- 
 phatics, nerves, &c. ; and is covered by a strong- 
 aponeurosis. 
 
 THIGHBONE, Femur— t. Neck of tte, Col- 
 lum femoris. 
 
 THION, Sulphur. 
 
 THIRST, Sax. Byppe, <D.) D o r s t, Sitis, 
 Dipsfz, Potio'nis deside'riwm, (F.) Soif. A 
 simple desire or an absolute want for liquids. 
 Physiologists are not entirely agreed regarding 
 the seat of thirst ; some place it in the fauces ; 
 others in the stomach. Its immediate cause is 
 not kno\Yh. tt has been attributed to a dry 
 condition of the nervous papillis of the pharynx, 
 produced by suppression of the salivary and 
 mucous secretions. This is probably true ; but, 
 again, it is owing to the wants of the system, — 
 a supply of fluid being required to compensate 
 the numerous losses that are constantly taking 
 place. Thirst is an internal sen,sation,, — an in- 
 stinctive want, — arising from organization, and 
 inexplicable. It is an Urgent symptom in many 
 diseases, particularly in those of vascular ex- 
 citement. 
 
 Thiest, Excessive, Polydipsia^— t. Morbid, 
 Bipsosis. 
 
 THIRSTY, Dipsodes. 
 
 THISTLE, BLESSED, Centaurea bfenedjcta 
 — t. Cotton, Onopordium acanthium — t. Globe, 
 Echinops — t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta^. 
 Ladies', Carduus Marianus — t. Milk, coniijion, 
 Carduus Marianus— t. Pine, Atractylus gum- 
 mifera — t. Sow, Sonchus oleraceus— -t. Star, 
 Centaurea calcitrapa — ^t. Yellow, Argemone 
 Mexicana. 
 
 THLADIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THLASIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THL ASIS, Contusion — ^t. Depressio, Depres- 
 sion. 
 
 THLASMA, Contusion — t. Concussio, Con- 
 cussion — t. Stremma, Sprain. 
 
 THLASPI, Fennyereas. Family, Cruciferffi. 
 
THLIBIAS 
 
 839 
 
 THRIX 
 
 Sex. %s*. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two spe- 
 cies of thlaspi are directed, in some pharmaco- 
 poeias, for medical use : — the TUasm arveH'se 
 or Treacle mustard, and the Thlaspi campes'trS 
 or Mitk'ridute mustard. The phatmaceutical 
 properties of both kinds resemble those of com- 
 mon mustard. 
 
 THLIBIAS, Eunuch. 
 
 THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS, from AxtypK, 'com- 
 pression,' and syxeif BMSj 'the encephalon.' A 
 monster in ifvhoin the skull is open, not merely 
 in the frontal and parietal, but also in the occi- 
 pital regions,; — a distinct fontanelle not existing. 
 
 THLIP'SIS, MiY'/f, Comprej'st'o. Compresr 
 sion, and especially consti-iction of vessels by 
 an external cause. Oppression. 
 
 THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology. 
 
 THOLUS, Achicolum — t. Dioclfeus, .Scapha. 
 
 THORACENTE'SIS, Paracente'sis ' Thora'- 
 ds, from Qoc^a.^, 'the thorax,' and xEfTijirif, 'per- 
 foration.' Tapping the thorax. ' Perfoiation of 
 the thoreix. 
 '^THORACSIQUE, Thoracic, 
 
 THORACIC, Thora</'ieus, froin thorax, 
 •the chest;' (F.) Thoradqiee ou Thordchique. 
 That which relates or belongs to the chest; as 
 Thoracic vis'cera, &c. 
 
 Thoracic Infeeioh. Arteet, Arte'ria Tho- 
 rai^'ica Exter^iia Infe'rior vel Xjonga,A. via/mmia'' 
 ria externa^ A^thoradca i^ferior,(^'^ ,) De-uxi^Ttie 
 des Thoraciques (Ch.,) arises from the miliary, 
 a little below the preceding, and descends ver- 
 tically over the lateral part of the thorax^ and 
 the serratus major antjcXis. It afterwards beflds 
 inwards; becomes subcutaneous, and divides 
 into several branches, which eipbrace the breasti 
 It gives numerous ramifications to the -pectora- 
 lis major, serratus anticus, intercostals, gang- 
 lions of the axilla, mamma, &c. 
 
 Thoeacic Supeeioe AETEEY,jlr*e'«'a Thora- 
 eiea, Exter'na Superior, (F.) A. thoracique supi- 
 rieure. Premie-re des Thoraciques (Ch.,) arises 
 from the axillary artery or from the acromial; 
 Snd descends .forwards between the pectoralis 
 major and P. minor, to which it distributes it- 
 self by a great number of branches. In some 
 subjects, there are two or three Arteries thora- 
 cicae externas superiores. 
 
 Thoracic Duel, Ductus thorac"icus seu chy'- 
 lifir seu chyli seu lac'teus seu ro'rifer seu Pec- 
 queti seu Fecquetia'nus, Vena alba thora'ds, 
 Alveus ampulles'cens, Distrihuto'ria lactea thO' 
 racica. Ductus thoracicus poste'rior seu vertC' 
 hra*lis, Galax'ia, Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary 
 Duet, (F.) Canal ou Cdnduit Thoracique, is the 
 duct in which the ly mRha,tics of the lower limbsj 
 abdomen, left superior extremity, left side of 
 the head, neck, and thorax terminate. It begins 
 at the receptamihim chyli, which is formed 
 by the union of five or six large lymphatic 
 trunks, — themselves formed from the union of 
 all the absorbent plexuses of the abdomen. 
 The duct ascends into the chest through the 
 pillars of the diaphragni, and by the side of the 
 aorta and vena azygos. It contracts in dimen- 
 lion, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra, when it 
 inclines towards the left hand; ascends behind 
 the arch of the aorta; passes behind the left in- 
 ternal jugular vein, and opens at the posterior 
 part of the subclavian vein of the same side. 
 Its embouchure is furnished with two valves, 
 which prevent the blood from passing from the 
 vein into the duct. 
 
 Thoeaoio Limbs are the upper limbs; — so 
 called because they are articulated with the la- 
 teral and upper iparts of the chest. 
 
 Thoracic, Lons or InfeeioA, Mammary in- 
 ;ferior external artery. 
 
 Thoracic Regions are the different regions 
 of the chest. Thus we say, anterior, lateral, and 
 superior thoracic, &c. 
 
 THORACICA, Pectorals. 
 
 THORACICS,'FIRST OF THE, Mammary 
 superior external artery. 
 
 THQRA CIQUE, Thoracic. 
 
 THORACOCENTE'SIS, .from fl^mgaS, 'the 
 chest,' and xevrijiris, 'puncture.' P,aracente' sis 
 thora'ds. Puncture of the chest to evacuate 
 contained, fluid — eis in empyema. 
 ' THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis. 
 
 THOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMJJS, Did'y- 
 7nussym'phyo-thoracogns'triu3,Xyphodid'y'mus: 
 from 5-(upa|, 'the chest',' yaa-tnq, 'the belly,' 
 and cTiiujuoc, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
 twins are united by the chest and abdomen. — 
 Gurlt. 
 
 TBORACb-FACIAL,^\!>.tysmz.myoiies—t. 
 Maxillo-fadal, Platysma myoides. 
 
 THORACODID'YM^JS, from ^ajo?, 'the 
 che^st,' and itSv/zo!, ' a twin.' A monstrosity in 
 which twins are united by the thorax. — Gurlt. 
 
 THORACODYNE, Pleurodynia. 
 
 THORAOOPATHI'A, from >&wp«.i, 'the 
 chest,' and naSos, 'disease.' Disease or suffer- 
 ing in the chest. 
 
 THORACOSCOPIA, see Auscultation. 
 
 THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. 
 
 THORACYST'IS, from'flwga?, 'the chest,' 
 and KUI7T15, 'a bladder.' Encysted dropsy of 
 the chest. Hydatids in the chest. 
 
 THORAX, Sagal, ^a cuirass, a coat of mail.' 
 Cith'arus, Me'dius venter. Pectus, Stethus, Scu- 
 tuin pec'toris, the Breast, the Chest, Bir, Che- 
 lys, Cassa, (F.) Poitrine. One of the splanch- 
 nic cavities ; bounded, posteriorly, by the ver- 
 tebrse; laterally, by the rib's and scapula; an- 
 teriorly, by, the sternum; aboVe, by the cla- 
 vicle; and below, by the diaphragm. It is 
 destined to lodge and protect the chief organs 
 of respiration and circulation : — the lungs and 
 the heart. 
 , Thoeax, Corset. - 
 
 THORE, Sperm. 
 
 THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium— t. 
 Red, Datura Sanguinea. 
 
 THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfolia- 
 tum. 
 
 THOROUGHWAX,- Eupatorium perfolia- 
 tuml, 
 
 THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium ' perfolia- 
 tum. 
 
 THOROW-WA-X, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
 
 THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Famon. 
 
 THREADWORM, LONG, Trichocephalus. 
 
 THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition. 
 
 THREPSOL'OGY, Thri(ps.olog"iai from 
 9-)is^/t!, 'nutrition,' and leyoc, 'a description.' 
 The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the nutrition 
 of organized bodies. 
 
 THREPTICE, Assimilation. 
 
 THRIDACE, Lactucarium. 
 
 THRIDAX, Lettifce. 
 
 THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statice limonium— 
 t. American, Statice C^roliniana — t. Sea-side, 
 Statice Caroliniana. 
 
 THRIX, Capillus, Hair. 
 
THROAT 
 
 840 
 
 THYMUS 
 
 THROAT, Bpoce, »pota, Jugulum, Inter- 
 stifium Juguta're> Guttur, Sphage. The ante- 
 rior part of the neck. (F.) Gorge, Also, the 
 Fauces, (F.) Gosier. ' , 
 
 THROATROOTj Geum Virginianum, Lia- 
 tris. , ' , ■ ' 
 
 THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium. 
 
 THROBBING, Pidsati'vua, Spkyg'mieus, 
 Sphygmo'des,Pul'satafy, Athro^Hng pain,(F .) 
 Doteleur pulsative, is a kind of pain which is, 
 or seems to be, augmented by the pi|lsation of 
 £ir1]6ri6s - - " ' ' 
 
 THRbMBOCYS'TIS,from *po^|?o5, 'a clot,' 
 and xuoTig, 'a cyst/ The cyst occasionally 
 surrounding, a clot of blood — as in encephalic 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus. 
 
 THROMBUS, 6qofi^ss, 'a. clot,' from TQi(puv, 
 ' to coagulate ;' Tkrombo'sis, TruTnh-us, Hajna' 
 to'ma. A small,' hard, round, bluish tumour ; 
 formed by an effusion of blood in the vicinity 
 of a vein v^hieh has been opened in the opera- 
 tion of blood-letting. The thrombus is most 
 commonly owing to the -opening in the vein 
 and that of the skin not corresponding; to ex- 
 cessive smaUfless of the cutaneous orifice ; or 
 to small, fatty granules, which prevent the dis- 
 charge of the blood.^ Compresses, dipped in 
 salt water ; camphorated spirit, and slight com- 
 pression usually disperse it. See Blood. 
 
 THROWORT, Leonurus cardiaca. 
 
 THRUSH, Aphthae— t. White, Aphthae— t. 
 Milk, Aphthae. 
 
 THRYPSIS, Comminution. 
 
 THUJA OCCIDENT ALIS, Thuya occiden- 
 talis. 
 
 THUREA, Juniperus lycia— t. Virga, Juni- 
 perus lycia. 
 
 THUS, see Pinus abies— t. Fcemininum, see 
 Pinus abies — t. Judaeorum, Croton cascarilla — 
 t. Judaeorum, Styrax—^t. Judaeorum, Thymiama 
 — t. Libanotos, Juniperus lycia — t. Masculum, 
 Juniperus lycia — t. Verum, Juniperus lycia — t. 
 Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
 
 THUYA APHYLLA, see Sandarac. 
 
 Thd'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'ljs, Arbor 
 Vita, Tree of life. Nat. Family, C.oniferae. 
 The leaves and wood were formerly in high re- 
 pute as resolvents, sudorifics, and expectorants, 
 and were given in phthisical affections, inter- 
 mittent fevers, and dropsies. The expressed 
 juice has been applied to ' condylomata. The- 
 arrahgement of the medullary matter of the 
 cerebellum, termed Arbor Vita, is also, called 
 Thuya. 
 
 THYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea. 
 
 THTM, Thymus. 
 
 THYMA, Thymion. 
 
 THYMALOS, Taxus baccata. 
 
 THYMASTHMA, -Asthma thymicum. 
 
 THYMBRA, Satureia hortensis- 1. Hispa- 
 nica. Thymus teastichina. 
 
 THYME, CAT, Teucrium Marum— t. Com- 
 mon, Thymus— t. Lemon,'see Thymus serpyl- 
 lum—t., Mother of, Thymus serpyllnm— t. 
 Wild, Thymus serpyllum. 
 
 THYMEL^A, Daphne gnidinm. 
 
 THYMELCO'SIS, from S-u^iot, 'thymus,' 
 and UXxoe, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thy- 
 mus gland. 
 
 'J'HYMI'AMA, 8u/ii«ft*, 'a perfume;' Musi- 
 wood, Thus Judao'rum, (F.) Narcaphie. A 
 bark from Syria, Cilicia, &c., supposed to be 
 
 the product of the liquid storax tree. It has an 
 agreeable, balsamic smell; approaching that of 
 liquid storax. 
 
 Thtmiama, Fumigation, Suffimentum. 
 
 THYMIASIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny. 
 
 THYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
 
 THYMIATECH'NY, Thymiatech'nia, Thy- 
 miasibtech'nia Cura.fwmigato'ria, from ^u/tta- 
 tko, 'an odour,' and ti%v^, ' art.' The art of 
 en)ploying perfumes in medicine. 
 
 THYMTON, Thymat Thymus, Porrum,PoT- 
 rus, Verru' ca rhagoi'd^a, Yerru'ca minor, from 
 fli/^of, 'thyme.' A small wart on the, skip, re- 
 sembling a bud of thyme. I 
 
 THYMIOSIS, Frambcesia— t. lndica,,Fram- 
 btesia. 
 
 THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated, with 
 thyme. 
 
 THYMI'TIS, from 9ijuiit, 'thymus,' and 
 itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
 the thymus gland. 
 
 THYMOPATHI'A, Psychopathi'd, from Si/- 
 fioq, 'the mind,' and yrddos, 'affection.', A dis- 
 ease of the mind. ' 
 
 THYMOS.Jlage. 
 
 THYMOXAL'ME, from S-u^df, 'thyme,' 
 o|oi, ' acid,' and 'a*.?, ' salt.' A compound of 
 thyme, vinegar, and salt. 
 
 THYMIUS, Svfcot, Glandn'la Thymus,, Cor- 
 pus Thymiamum seu Th]jmicicm, Gfan'diiim, 
 Thymus gland. An organ, the uses of which 
 are totally unknown, and which is seated in the 
 upper separation of the anterior mediastinum. 
 The thymus haS the appearance of a glandular 
 body. It is oblong; bilobate; soft, and very 
 variable in size and colour. In the fcetus, it is 
 very large, and contains a milky fluid ;j but it 
 gradually disappears, and in old age is scarcely 
 discernible. The arteries, called thymic, are 
 from the inferior thyroid^ internal mammary, 
 bronchial, and mediastinal. The veins have 
 the same arrangement. It receives some ner- 
 vous filaments from the pneumogastric nerves, 
 the phrenic, and the inferior xervical ganglia. 
 
 Thymus, T: vulga'ris, Common Thyme, (F.) 
 
 h.ym, T. Ordinaire. Family, Labiatae. Sear. 
 Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This herb 
 has an agreea'ble, aromatic smell; and a warm, 
 pungent taste. It is reputed to be resolvent, 
 emmenagogue, tonic, and stomachic. It is not 
 much used. 
 
 Thymus, Satureia capitata, Thymion — ^t. Cre- 
 tjcus, Satureia capitata. ' ■ 
 
 Thymus Mastich'ina, Common herb, Mas- 
 tich, Marum vulga're. Samp' suchus , Clinopo'- 
 dia, Mastich'ina Gallc'rutn, Thymbra Hispdn'- 
 ica, Jaca In'dica. A low, shrubby,, Spanish 
 plant, used as an errhine. It has a smell like 
 mastieh. Its virtues resemble those of the 
 Marum Syriacum ; but it is said to be less pow- 
 erful. 
 
 Thymus Seepylxum, Mother of Thyme, 
 Wild Thyme, Her'pylos, Herpyl'los, Serpyl'lum, 
 Serpul'lum, Serpil'lum, Gilarum, Serpyl'lum 
 vulga're minus, (F.) Serpolet. This plant has 
 the same sensible properties as the garden 
 thyme; but has a milder, and rather more grate- 
 ful flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum ci- 
 tra'tum, is merely a variety of the Thymus 
 Serpyllum. It is very pungent; and has a par- 
 ticularly grateful odour, approaching that of 
 lemons. 
 
THYRA 
 
 841 
 
 THYROIDEAL 
 
 Thymus Sylvestris, Satureia capitata. 
 
 THYRA, flufcj, 'a gate, folding-door.' In 
 composition, Thyreo and Tkyro, tfwjeos, 'a 
 shield resembling a folding-door,' mean the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchbcele. 
 
 THYREOj Thyroi in composition, relate to 
 the thyroid cartilage or gland. 
 
 THYREOADENITIS, Thyreoitis. 
 
 THYREO-ARYT'ENOID, Thyro-arjftenoi- 
 dius, or Thyro-arytenaides. That which re- 
 lates to the thyroid arid arytenoid cartilages. 
 
 Thyreo-arytenoid LiGtAiHENTS, Inferior Li- 
 gaments of the Larynx, Lips of the Glottis, Vo- 
 cal Cords, are tvyo ligaments about Mo lines 
 broad, formed of elastic and. parallel fibres, 
 ■which are contained in a duplicature of the mu- 
 cous membrane gt the krynx. They extend 
 horizontally from the anterior projection at the 
 base of pach arytenoid cartilage to the middle 
 of the angle of union of the thyroid cartilage. 
 They are the essentiar organs of voice. See 
 Glottis. 
 
 THYaEO-AETTENOrD MuSCLES, 'ThYEEO-AEY- 
 
 TENoipEi, are thin muscles, which arise from 
 the middle and inferior part of the posterior 
 surface of the thyroid cartilage : whence they 
 proceed backwards and outwards, to be inserted 
 into the outer part of the base of the arytenoid 
 cartilage. They give the necessary tension to 
 the ligaments of the glottis, in the production 
 of the ' voice. Santbrini has given the name 
 Thyreo-^rytenoideus ohliquus to a portion' of 
 the aryteno'ideus hiuscle. 
 
 THYREO-EPIGtOT'TTC, T!iyrco-epiglot- 
 tideus, Thyrepiglott'icus. Sabatier and Santo- 
 rini have given this name to the outer portion 
 of the thyro-af ytenoid muscle ; because it passes 
 from the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part 
 of the epiglottis. 
 
 THYREO-HYOID, Thyro-hyoideus, Thyro 
 hyoides, Syodeothyreo'des . That which be 
 longs or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os 
 hyoides. 
 
 Thyeeo-hyoid or Hyo-thyeoid Membeane 
 is a very broad, yellowish, fibrous membrane, 
 thicker at the middle than at the extremities, 
 which is attached above to the posterior sur- 
 face of the body and great Cornu of the os hy- 
 oides ; and, below, to the whole ^perior edge 
 of the thyroid cartilage. 
 
 THYREO-HYOiDEUS or Hy6-thyreoideus 
 Muscle is, situate at the anterior and. superior 
 part of the neck. It is attached to the oblique 
 line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car- 
 tilage; to the inferior edge of the- body of the 
 OS hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its 
 great cornu. It approximates the thyroid car- 
 tilage and OS hyoides to each other, by raising 
 the cartilage, and with it the whole larynx: or, 
 it can depress the os hyoides. 
 
 THYREO-PHARYNGEU'S,Thyro-Phaiyngeus. 
 
 THYREOID, Thyroid. 
 
 THYREOIDEUS, Thyroideal. 
 
 THYREOI'TIS, Thyreoadeni'tis, Angi'na 
 thyreoidea, from ^vfios, ■' a shield,' and itis, de- 
 noting inflammation. Inflammation of the thy- 
 roid gland. 
 
 THYREONCUS, Bronchocele. . 
 
 THYREOPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyreoepiglottic. 
 
 THYRO, see Thyreo. 
 
 THYRO-ARYTENOID, Thyreo-arytenoid. 
 54 
 
 THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Cri- 
 co-pharyngeal. 
 
 THYRO-HYOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoid. 
 
 THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyreo-pharyn- 
 geu's. . Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Win- 
 slow have given this name to the portion of the 
 constrictor phai:yngis inferior, which is attached 
 to the thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Thyeo-Pharyngexjs, Constrictor pharyngis, 
 see Crico-pharyngeal. 
 
 T H YR O - P HARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, 
 Palato-pharyngeus. 
 
 THYROCELE, Bronchocele. 
 
 THYROID, Thy'reoid, Thyro'i'des, from fluf «, 
 'a gate or folding-door,' or from -ff^psos, 'a 
 shield,' and nioq, ' form.' That vvhich has the 
 shape of a folding-door. 
 
 Thyeoid Cah'tilage, Cartila'go ,Scutifor'- 
 mis, C, Scuta'lis, C, Clypea^lis, Coopertorium, 
 C.Pelta' listen pelta'tus. Scutum, Ada'mi Mor- 
 sus Os, is the largest of the cartilages of the 
 larynx, at the anterior»part of which jt is situ- 
 ate. It is larger transversely than vertically ; 
 broader above than -below ; and seems formfed 
 by the junction of the two quadrilateral plates, 
 which produce, by their union, an angle that 
 projects forwards. Its two, posterior margins 
 terminate abo.ve, and oh each side, by an ensi- 
 form prolongation, called the greater cornu of 
 the thyroid cartilage; 'andj below, -by a less 
 prominent eminence, the lesser cornu, which is 
 articulated with the cricoid. 
 
 Thyroid Gland, Corpus Thyreoldeum,Glan'- 
 Sula Thyreoidea, (F.) Gland ou Corps Thy- 
 roids, is an organ, the uses of which are not 
 known. It covers the anterior arid inferior 
 part of the larynx, as well as the first rings of 
 the trachea, and seems to be composed of two 
 lobes, flattened from before to behind, which 
 are united by a transverse prolongation of the 
 same nature as themselves, called the Isthmus 
 of the Thyroid Gland. The tissue of the thy- 
 roid i? soft, spongy, and of a brownish colour ; 
 but its intimate structure is unknown. It is 
 formed of several distinct lobules ; collected in 
 lobes of greater or less size. These are com- 
 posed of granulations, some of which contain a 
 yellowish or milky fluid. The thyroid gland 
 receives four large arteries, called Thyroideal, 
 as well as corresponding veins. Its nerves pro- 
 ceed from the pneumogastric, and from the 
 cervical ganglia. No excretory duct has ever, 
 been found in it. Its uses are not known. 
 
 THYROIDEAL, Thytdideus, Thyredideus, 
 (F.;) Thyrdidien. ■ That Which concerns the 
 thyijoid gland or cartilage. 
 
 Thykoldeal Arteries are two on each 
 side. 1. The superior Thyroideal, superior la- 
 ryngeal, superior guttural, arises from the 
 anterior part of the external carotid, and pro- 
 ceeds to the upper part of the thyroid gland, 
 after having given off a laryngeal branch and 
 a crico-thyroid. 2. The inferior Thyroideal, 
 infe'rior gut'tural, much larger than the last, 
 arises from the upper part of the subclavian. 
 It passes in a serpentine manner, to the infe- 
 rior part of the thyroid gland, to which it is 
 distributed, after having given a number of 
 branches to the . neighbouring parts, among 
 which is the csrviealis ascendens, 
 
 Thyroideal Veins are, 1. A superior thy- 
 roideal, and several middle thyroideal, which 
 open into the internal jugular vein. 2. An in- 
 
THTROIMEN 
 
 TICKLING 
 
 ferior thyroid'eal, much larger than the pre- 
 ceding, whose branches form — by anastomosing 
 with tho^e of the opposite side,, in front of the 
 trachea — a very remarkable venous plexus, 
 which J. Cloquet calls the irifra-thyroideal: 
 plexus. The inferior thyroideal veins open, — 
 the left into the corresponding subclavian; — 
 the right, into the vena cava superior. 
 , THTROIDlEN, Thyroideal. , 
 THYROPHRAXIA, Bronchocele. 
 THYRSUS, Penis. 
 
 TIB I-FARONEO-TARSIEN, PeroUseus 
 longus. 
 
 TIB'I A. A Latin word, which signifies Bl flute 
 or pipe. CnemSj Procne'me, Frocne'miu'mi^ Fo'- 
 cilfi majuSj Arun'do major) Cdnna <major, Can- 
 na major seu dornes'tica cruris. The largest 
 bone of the leg. jA long irregular, and triangu- 
 lar bone, situate on the inner side of the fibula. 
 It has, 1 . A Superior or femoral extremity^ 
 which is very large, ro\jnded, and has two emi- 
 nences at the sides, called Tuberos'ities of the 
 Tibia) or Tibial tuberosities. The outermost 
 is articulated with the fibula. On its head are 
 two articular, oval, concave surfates,.s,eparated 
 by a process, called Spine of the tibia, which are 
 articulated with the condyles of the Os femoris. 
 2. An inferior or tarsal ^extremity, having an 
 articular surface beneath, which joins the 
 astragalus ; within, a triangular jeminence, which 
 forms the malleolus internus ; and, on the out- 
 side, a triangular surface, which articulates with 
 the fibula. 3. The body or shaft of the tibia 
 has three faces, separated by three angles, the 
 anterior of which is the most prominent, and 
 is called the spine or crista of the tibia or tibial 
 spine. It is the shin. The tibia is articulated 
 with the femur, fibula, and astragalus. It is 
 developed by three pointy of ossification, one 
 for the body, and one for each extremity. 
 Tibia Mimima, Fibula. J 
 
 TIBI^US, Tibial. 
 
 TIB'IAL, Tibia'liS) Tibi^uS) (F.) Tibial, 
 Jambier. That which relates to the tibia or to 
 the leg. 
 
 Tibial Aponeueo'sis, (F.) Aponivrose Jfzm- 
 biere, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It is 
 continuous, above, with the femoralaponeurosis, 
 and arises, also, from the head of the fibula, and 
 from several fibrous expansions which detach 
 themselves from the tendons of the triceps, sar- 
 torius, gracilis, and seiiiitendinosus. Thence it 
 descends around the leg, attaching itself to the 
 whole extent of the anterior and inner edges of 
 the tibia. It sends, below, an expansion, which 
 passes before the tendo Achillis, and is continu- 
 ous with the anterior annular ligament of the 
 tarsus. Itis attached, also, to the sheath of the 
 peronei muscles. 
 
 Tibial AbTeeies are two in number. 1. 
 The Tibia'lis Anli'ca, which arises from the 
 popliteal artery, before its bifurcation; passes 
 immediately through the opening in the upper 
 part of the interosseous ligament, and reaches 
 the anterior part of the leg; when it turns down- 
 wards, and descends, obliquely, between the 
 extensor communis digitorum pedis and the ti- 
 bialis anticus, anterior to the interosseous liga- 
 ment ; glides under the anterior annular ligament 
 of the tarsus,and takes the name Horsalis tarsi. 
 Amongst the numerous branches, given off by 
 the tibialis antica, may be distinguished — the 
 Tibialis recur'rens, A. malleola'ris interna, and 
 
 A, matleolaris externa. 2, The Tibialis posti'ea, 
 arises from the bifurcation of the popliteal ar- 
 tery; and, slightly tortuous, descends between 
 the two planes of the posterior muscles of the 
 leg; until it arrives under the arch of the caJ- 
 caneum, where it divides into two branches^ 
 the Flantar arteries. 
 
 Tibial Neeves are two in number. 1. The 
 anterior tibial^ nervC) Fretibio-susplantaire, 
 (Ch.) One of the two branches ifa whirih the 
 external popliteal terrninates. It accompanies 
 the arteria tibialis antica. .2. The posterior ti- 
 bial nerve, Bfanche tibiaVe du nerf fimoro-pop- 
 litee, (Ch.) is the internal popliteal. 
 
 Tibial Veins, Anteeiok AND PosTEEioE,' have 
 the same arrangement as the arteries which 
 they accompany. 
 
 TIBIA'LIS ANTI'CUS, Cate'nxmus'culus, 
 (F.) Tibio-sui-mitatarsien, Tibio-sustarsien, 
 {Ch.y Jambier antirieur. A muscle situate at 
 the anterior part of the leg. Above, it has the 
 shape of a'triangular prism; bfelow, it is slender 
 and tendinous. It is attached, above,' to the an- 
 terior part of the external' tuberosity of the ti- 
 bia ; to the- superior half of the outer surface of 
 that bone; and to the anterior surface of the in- 
 terosseous ligament. Below, its tendon termi- 
 nates at the base of the first cunei|form bone, 
 and at . the posterior extremity of the first me- 
 tatarsal bone. This muscle bends the foot on 
 the leg, and directs its point inwards, at the 
 same time that it raises its inner edge. It can, 
 also, bend the leg on the foot, and prevent it 
 from falling backwards in standing. 
 Tibialis Ge^cilis, Plantar muscle. 
 Tibialis PosTi'cus, (F.) Tibio-tarsien, Tibio- 
 sous-tarsien, (Ch.) Javibier ppsterieur. This 
 muscle is situate at the posterior and deep part 
 of the leg. It is thicker above than below ; and 
 is attached, above, to the posterior surface of the 
 fibula; to the posterior surface of the tibia, and 
 to the interosseous ligament. Its tendon ter- 
 minates, below, at ^the tuberosity on the inferior 
 extremity of the os scaphoides. This muscle 
 extends the foot on the leg;' at the same time 
 raising its inner edge. It, likewise, extends 
 the leg on the foot. 
 
 TIBIO-CALCANIEN, Soleus-*. Phalnn- 
 gettien. Flexor longus digitorum pedis profun- 
 dus perforans — *. Sous-tarsien, Tibialis posticus 
 — t. Sus-Tndiatarsien, Tibialis anticus — t, Sus- 
 tarsien. Tibialis anticus., 
 
 TIB'IO-TARSAL, TiM.o-tar'setts,(J,) TiUo- 
 tarsienne. What relates to the tibia and tarsus. 
 Tibio-Taesal Aetichla'tion is the articu- 
 lation' of the foot vvith the leg. It is formed by 
 the tibia and the astragalus; and is strengthened 
 by lateral, and by anterior and'.posterior liga- 
 ments. 
 
 TIBIO-TARSIEN, Tibialis posticus. 
 TIC, Twitching,' A local arid habitual con- 
 vulsive motion of certain musclesj and, espe- 
 cially, of some of those of the face. It is, some- 
 times, called in France Tic convulsif ou Tic 
 non doiiloureux, to distinguish it from Tie dou- 
 loureux or neuralgia faciei, and has been 
 termed a partial chorea or form of chronic cho- 
 rea, Spasmus facia'lis, Chore'u fa'ciei. 
 
 TIC BOJILEUREUX, Neuralgia, facial— t. 
 non douloureux, see Tic. 
 
 TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride. 
 TICKLING, (F.) ChatoHillement. This 
 word, sometimes, means the action of tickling 
 
TICKWEED 
 
 843 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 - (titilla'tio ;) at others, the sensation produced 
 hy this action (pruri'ius .) A vivid sensation, 
 which commonly causes laughter, and a state 
 of general spasjn that may be dangerous if too 
 long protracted. There are some parts, of the 
 body, where we are easier tickled th?ua_ others; 
 for example, the sole of the feet, and the hypo- 
 chondriac legions. 
 
 TICKWEED, Hedeoma. 
 
 TIERCE, see Tertian. 
 
 TIGE PiTUTT^7JS£, InfundibulUm of the 
 brain — t. Sus-spheno'idale, Infundibulum of the 
 brain. . 
 
 TIGILLUM, Crucible. , 
 
 TIGLIA seu TIGLII GRANA, see Croton 
 Tigliura. 
 
 TIGRETIER, see Mania, dancing. 
 
 TIGULA, Saccharum. 
 
 TIKIMiVrA, Cacoucia coccinea. 
 
 TILBURY, MINERAL "WATERS OF. A 
 saline chalybeate at West Tilbury, in Essex, 
 England. It is not much frequented. 
 
 TILlA, T. EuTopce'a, J'hU'yra. The Lime 
 tree or hinden tree, 'Sasswood, 'WJdtewood, 
 Spoonwood, (F.) Tilhul. Family, Tiliaceas. 
 The flovvers have, been supposed to possess ano- 
 dyne and antispasmodic virtues. 
 
 TILLEUL, Tilia. 
 
 TILLICHERRY CORTEX, Nerium anti- 
 dysentericum. 
 
 TILMA, Linteum. 
 
 TILMOS, Evulsion. 
 
 TILMUS, Carphologia. 
 
 TIMAC. The name of an East India root, 
 but of wha^ vegetable is not clear. It is said 
 to possess diuretic properties; and hence has 
 been given in dropsies. 
 
 TIMIDUS, Kectus inferior oculi. 
 
 .TfN, (D.3 Ten. Stannum, Cassiieros, 
 Catiit'eros, Stangos, Ju'piter, Stii'pia, Laos, 
 Flumbitm album seu candidum, Flumhum can- 
 didum, (F.) &tain. A solid metal; of a pecu- 
 liar odour when rubbed; insipid; colour whi- 
 tish; s. g. 7.391; giving a peculiar tinkling 
 sound when struck. It is used, in medicine,' 
 only as a mechanical anthelmintic. Dose, 3J 
 of the Fulvis Stanni or Granular tin, in mo- 
 lasses. This is made by melting tin in an iron 
 vessel over the fire, and, while it is cooling, 
 stirring until it is reduced to a powder, which 
 is passed through a sieve. — Ph. U. S. 
 
 TiiJ, BuTTEK OF, Tin, muriate of — t.^ Chlo- 
 ruret of. Tin, muriate of— t. Deutohydrochlo- 
 rate of, T; muriate of. 
 
 Tin-Foil, Stcmnum folia'tum, Stanni'olum, 
 is used for plugging carious teeth, &c. 
 
 Tin-Glass, Bismuth. 
 
 Tin, GiANULAE, see Tin^t. Muriate of, su- 
 peiroxygenated, T. muriate of. 
 
 Tin, M0KIATK OF, Butter of Tin, Fuming 
 liquor of Liba'vius, Mii'rias Stanni, Milrias 
 Opcyd'uli Stanni, Cklor'uret of Tin, Deu'to-hy- 
 dro-chlorate of Tin, S iiperoxygena'ted Muriate 
 of Tin. This is formeo of Tin, one part; eon-^ 
 r^entrated muriatic Acid, three parts. To be 
 crystallized by the aid of heat. A violent ca- 
 thartic. Dose, gr. ij or iij. 
 
 Tin, Sulphueet of, Aurum musiyum. 
 
 TINASMIIS, Tenesmus. 
 
 TINCTU'RA, from tingere, tindum, 'to dye.' 
 Tincture, Essen'tia, (F.) Tdnture, Alcooht, £1- 
 ajkol. The terra tincture is generally restricted 
 to spirituous solutions of vegetable, animal, and 
 
 some saline substances. It corresponds, there- 
 fore, with the word Quinies'sence', in one of its 
 old significations; and with the Jllajola'tum of 
 the Codex of Paris. It is not unusual, however, 
 to speak of apteous tincture, etha-eol tincture, 
 &c. Tinctures are made either with pure al- 
 cohol or proof spirit. The former are precipi- 
 tated by water : and, therefore, are seldom used 
 internally; the Matter are conyiion additions to 
 infusions, decoctions, &c. They ought not, of 
 course, to be united with any vehicle which 
 can decompose them, or separate any thing from 
 them in a palpable form ; unless such decompp- 
 sition.is desiredby the prescriber. In making 
 tinctures, the ingredients should be reduced to 
 a coarse powder ; and the maceration be made 
 in close vessels, exposed to a heat of about 80°, 
 and frequently shaken. When completed, they 
 must be filtered, and put away for use in close 
 bottles. When the .process'of displacement is 
 employed, great care must be taken, so that the 
 substances treated may be, as far as possible, 
 exhausted of their soluble prinfiiples, and a per- 
 fectly clear tincture be obtained. To' those 
 who are not familiar with the process, the plan 
 of maceration is preferable. — Ph. XT. S, 
 
 TiNOTUKA Absin'tijii CoMPOs'iTA, Campound 
 Tincture 'of wormwood, Essett'tia absin'thii 
 composita Seu amara, (Absinth., artem. pontic, 
 caryophiai^ss, sacch. ^ij, alcohol. Oss. Mace- , 
 rate for fifteen days. Ph. P.) Tonic, stomachic, 
 vermifuge, and carminative. Dose, f. ^i] to f. 
 
 TiNCT0EA AcAciJE Catechu, T. catechu-^t. 
 Acetatis ferri cum alcohole, see T. ferri acetatis 
 — t. Acidi sulphurici, Sulphuricum aciduip aro- 
 maticum. 
 
 T I N c T.UEA Aconi'ti, Tincturc of Aconite,. 
 (Acbnit. giv, alcohol, 'dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days', express, and filter through paper. Ph., 
 TJ. S.) It may also be made by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S. 
 
 TiNCTURA ,^the'eea Camphoea'ta, Solu'tio 
 cam*phorx 3cthe'rea, Liguor nervinus Bangii, 
 Spiritus sulphzi^rico - esthereus cam^phora'tus^ 
 Naphtha vitrioli camphora'ta. iCamiphor, p. i. 
 JEther sulphuric, p. ii.) Stimulant in atonic 
 diseases, arthritic cardialgia and spasm. Dose, 
 20 to 30 drops in white wine.' 
 
 TiNCTUKA jEthehea Feeei, Alcohol (seu 
 Tinctura) sulphurico-sethereus ferri — t. Alco- 
 holica chinas composita, T. cinchonas compo- 
 sita— ^t. Alcoholica corticum aurantiorum Whyt- 
 tii, Tinctura 'cinchonae amara — t. Alexipharma- 
 ca Huxhami, Tinctura cinchonae composita. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Al'oes, T. Al'ocs Socitori'na, Es- 
 sen/tia Aloes, Al'cohol cum. Aloe perfolia'ta, 
 Tinctttre of Aloes. (^Aloes, gj, exi. glycyrrh. 
 ,^iij, aqux Oiss,. alcohol. Oss. Macerate for 14 
 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties, those 
 of aloes. Dose, f. ,^ss to f. giss. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Aloes JETjiE'ii'EA,-^the'real Tinc- 
 ture of Aloes, Tinctura aloes vit7-iola^ta. (Aloes 
 Socot., Myrrh, aa .^i§s, croci §i, sp. cetheris 
 sulph. Oj. Digestthe myrrh in the ether for 4 
 days; then add the aloes and saffVon. Ph. E.) 
 Stimulant and cathartic. Dose, f. ^j to f. gij. ^ 
 
 TiNCTUEA Aloes Compos'ita, Elixir Pro- 
 prieta'tis, E. aperiti'vum, E. Alohs, Tinctura 
 Aloes cum Mijrrha, T. Aloes et, Myrrhs, (Ph. 
 U.S.) T. Aloes et Myrrhce crocata, Elixir of 
 long life. Compound Tincture of Aloes, (F.) 
 Elixir de longue vie, Baume de vie de Lelievre, 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 844 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 (Aloes, inpulv., glij, croci, Jj, Tinct. Myrrha, 
 Oij.) Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Pur- 
 gative and stomachic. Dose, f. gj to f. gij. 
 
 Radcliffe's Elixir is formed of Aloes Socptr. 
 gvj, cort, cinnam., rod. zedoar, aa 3SS, rad. rhei 
 ,5j, coccinell. gss, syrup. rhamni^i}, sp. tenuior. 
 Oj, aquss puree f. gv. 
 
 TiNOTCRA Aloes et Myeehs, T. aloes com- 
 pogita — t. Aloes et myrrhae crocata, T. A. 
 composita — t. Aloes vitriolata, T. A. aethe- 
 rea — t. Amara, T. gentians composita — t. 
 Amomf repentis, T. cardamomi — t. Amomi 
 zingiberis, T. zingiberis. 
 
 TiNCTUEA AsqusTv'B.m, Tincture of Angiis- 
 tura. {Cort. cuspaf. in puly. crass, redact. ,^ij, 
 ■9p. vin. ten. Oij. Digest. Ph. D.) Dose, f. gj 
 tof.gij. - ' 
 
 TiNCTUEA Antiodontal'gica, TootAfficAe Tinc- 
 ture, {Tannin, ^j, MM-stich, gr. v, aiher. gij. 
 M.) To be applied on Cotton wool, to the 
 tooth previously dried. 
 
 TiKgruEA Aeistoloohij: Serpentaeije, T. 
 serpentariae— t. Aroma:ica,'T. cinnamomi com- 
 posita — t. Aroinatica ammoniata, Spiritus am- 
 monias aromaticus. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Asaf<e'tid7e, T. Fcr'ult^ Asafmti" 
 dtB. Tincture of Asafatida, T, fatida, T. asaf(E- 
 tidae, {Asafcetid. ^iv, sp. rect. Oij. Macerate 
 for fourteen days and filter.) Dose, g"- xv to 
 
 i'- 3i- 
 
 TiNCTUEA AsAFtETiDiE Ammoniata, Spiritus 
 Ammoniae ftetidus. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Aurak'tii, T. Cor'ticis Aurantii, 
 Tincture of Orange Peel. {Aurant. cort. recent. 
 ^iij, sp. rect. Oij. Digest for'14 days.) Sto- 
 machic. Used as an adjunct to stomachic 
 .draughts. Dose, f. gss to gij . 
 
 TiNCTUEA AuEEA, Alcohol scu tinctura sul- 
 pharico-aethereus ferri. 
 
 Tinctura Belladon'n^e, Tincture of Bella- 
 donna. {Belladonna, ^iv, alcohol, dilute Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days; express, and filter through 
 paper. Ph. XT. S.) It may, also, be prepared 
 by displacement. Ph. U. S. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Bei^zo'ini Cow?6&'irtL, Compound 
 Tincture of 'Benzoin, T. Benzoes composita, 
 Ba^samum Cathol'icum, B. Per'sicum, Balsa- 
 mum trauTTLaficum., "Elixir traumaticum,Friar's 
 Balsam, Vervain's Balsam, Wade's^ Drops, 
 Jesuit's drops. Commander's Balsam, Wound 
 Balsam, Balsam for cuts. {Benzoin. , ^i'l], 
 styrac. purif-. ,^ij, tolut. gj, alaes, in pulv. _^ss, 
 alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 14 days and filter.) 
 Stimulant. Used chiefly to -wounds and ulcers. 
 
 The basis of Turlington's Balsam of Life is 
 the Compound Tincture of Benzoin. The fol- 
 lowing form is recommended by a committee 
 of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy: — 
 Alcohol. Oviij, Benzoin, gxij, Styrac. liquid, 
 giv, Aloes Socotrin.'^i, Balsam Peruvian. _^ij, 
 Myrrhcc, §j, Rad. Angelic. ,^ss, Balsam Tolut., 
 Ext. Glycyrrh.a^ ,^iv. Digest for ten days, 
 and strain. 
 
 The Essence of Coltsfoot consists of equal 
 parts of the Compound Tinctitre of Benzoin and 
 Balsam of Tolu, to which is added double the 
 quantity of Rectified Spirit of Wine. It is sold 
 as a pectoral. 
 
 TinctVea CALUM'sa:, T. Columb<E, T. Co- 
 lombo, Tincture of Columbo, Columbo Bitters, 
 (Calumb. rad. cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut, Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter. Ph. 
 
 U. S.) Dose, f. gss to giv. It may, also, be 
 made by displacement. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Camphors, Spiritus camphors. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Cam'phoe^ Compos'ita, T. Opii 
 Camphora'ta, Compoimd Tincture of Camphor, 
 Camphorated Tincture of Opiunt, Elixir Pare- 
 gor'icum, Paregor'ic Elixir. ' { Opii, in ,pulv. 
 Acid Benzoic, ,'d^. g j, bl. anisi, f . gj , Tnellis despu- 
 mat. ^ij-, Camphor, ^ijj alcohol, dilut, Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days,,,and filter through paper. 
 Ph. U. S.) One fluidounee contains nearly gr. 
 ij of opium. Anodyne. Dose, f. gj to f. giij. 
 
 Squire's- Elixir, an empirical carminative 
 preparation, is. thus made, according to one for- 
 mula. {OpU '^v, 'camphor, ^j, coccinell. ^j, 
 foiuicul. dulc.^i], tinct. serpent. Oj, sp, anisi. 
 cong. ij, aquce Oij, auri musivi, ^vj.) 
 
 Tinctura Canthar'idiSj T. C. Vesicato'ria, 
 T. XjytttB, T. Meloes vesicato'rii, Tinctur-e of 
 Blistering Fly, 33. of Spanish Fly, (F.) Teinture 
 rubeflante. {Cantharid. cont. ^i^,alcoh.oL.dihU. 
 Oijl, Macerate for 14 daysj express^ and filter. 
 It may, also, be prepared by displacement; 
 Ph. U, S.) Stimulant and diuretic, bnt not 
 often used internally. Externally, Stimulant, 
 Dose, gtt. X. , 
 
 Mattheio's Injection, a once celebrated "nos- 
 trum for listula in ano, consisted wholly of a 
 dilute Tincture of Cantharidss, 
 
 Tinctura Cxp'sici, Tincture of Capsicum. 
 {Capsic.'S,^. alcohol, dil,. Oij., Macerate for 14 
 days, and filter. Ph. XJ, S.) It ttiay/also, be 
 prepared by displacement. Stimulant'. Dose, 
 f. gss to gj. 
 
 Tinctura Caedamo'mi, T. arrio'ijfi repen'tis, 
 Tincture of Car' damoms . {Cardam. cont. ^iv, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, strain, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) I,t may,'^also, be made 
 by displacement. Use, the same as the seeds. 
 Dose, f. gj to f. giv., 
 
 Solomon's Balm of Gil'ead, an empirical pre- 
 paration, seems to be an aromatic tincture, — of 
 which Cardamoms form a leading ingredient, — 
 made with brandy. Some affirm that it con- 
 tains cq,ntharides . 
 
 TiNCTUEA Cardamomi Compos'ita, ComjioKnf^ 
 Tincture of-Card'amo7ns, Stomach Tincture, 
 Tinctura Stomach'ica. {Cdrd. sem,, carui stm., 
 cocci, aa gij, cinnam. cort. cont. , giv. uvar. 
 passar. demptis acinis, .^iv, spirit, ten: Oij. 
 Ph. L.) Stomachic and carminative. Dose f. 
 gij to f. giv. 
 
 Tinctura Caeminati'va Syl'vii, Alcoola'- 
 tum Carminati'vum Sylvii, Carminative Elixir 
 of Sylvius. {Rad. angelic. 4 p., rad. impera- 
 tor., galavgj, ^a 6 p., fol. rosmarin., majoran., 
 rutm, basilic, aa 48 p., haccar. later, nobxl. 19 p. 
 sem. angelic, ligust. levist., anis aa 16 p., 
 zingib., nuc. moicAut. aa 6 p., cinnam. 12 p., 
 caryoph., cort. limon. aa 4 p. Add alcohol 
 1500p. Macerate and distil, 1000, p. Ph. P.) A 
 warm stomachic, carminative, &c. Dose, gss 
 to f. §ss. "■' 
 
 Tinctura Cascaeii/l;e, T. Croto'ni^ Eleu- 
 the'ricB, Al'cohol cum Croto'ne CascariUa, TXve- 
 ture of CascariUa. {Cascarilt. cort. cont. §iv. 
 *;>. ten. Oij. Ph. L.) Dose, f. gj to f. giv. 
 
 Tinctura Casto'rei, T. Castorei Ros'sici. 
 Essen'tiaCastorei, Al'cohol castoria'tum,T. Cas- 
 torei Canaden'sis, Tincture of Castor. {Castor 
 cont. _^ij, ahohol. Oij. Macerate for 7 days, 
 express, and filter.) Tonic and antispasmodic. 
 Dose, gtt. XX to f. gij, or ihore. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 845 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 TxNOTURA Castoeei CoMPos'iTA, Compound 
 Tincture of Castor. {Caat.^i,g. as^faUd.^ss. 
 alcohol- atnnioniat.O'^. Fh.E.) Antispasmoaic, 
 Dose,' f. gj to f. 3iv. Called, also, Elisrii- fw'ti- 
 drnn, Tinctura castorei fmtida se\i foetida ammo- 
 niata* 
 
 Tinctura Cat'eohw, Tinctura Ja'pon'ica, T. 
 Mimo'sse Catechu, T. Aca'ciae QatecA;*, Tincture 
 of Catechu. (Cdlech.'^^ii], cinriam. contusf. ,^ij, 
 alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 1.4dajs, ex- 
 press and filter. Ph. U.' S.) Astringent. 
 l3osp, f. 3j tof. gij. ' , 
 
 The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal, sold 
 for cleaning the teeth, seems to be little more 
 than the tincture of catechu. 
 
 TiNCTUKA Cicvis., T. c'onii maculati. 
 
 Tinctura CiNOHo'Na:,T. Cor'ticis Periivia'ni 
 SiTnplex, T, Curt. Feruvia'ni, Tincture of Cincho- 
 na, Tincture 'of Bari:. {Cinchon. cont, ^vi, 
 alcohol, dilut, Oij. Macerate for 14 day«, ex- 
 press, and filter thrbugh paper. Ph. U.S.) 
 It may, also, be made by displacement. Dose^ 
 fi ^i to giy or more. 
 
 Tinctura 'Cinoho'n;e' Ama'ra., Elixir anti' 
 hy'pot^hondri'acutn, E. rob'orans Whyftii, E. 
 Whyttii,Essen'tiaCor'ticis Peruvia'ni Cornposi- 
 ta, Tinetu! ra.alcohol'ica eorticwm aurantio'rum 
 Whyttii, T, Kin&i'Tice ama'ra, Elixir stomaeh'- 
 icus spirituo'sus. {Cinch, p. viij. Gentian. 
 Mad., Cart. Aurant. p. iij. Alcohol (.900) 96 
 p. Digest.) Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls. 
 
 TiMCTtiRA CiNCBONJE Ammonia'ta, T, Cor'- 
 ticis Peruvia'ni voldt'ilis, Aw/moniated Tincture 
 of Bark, Volatile Tinctur^ of Bark. {Cinchon. 
 landfol. cort. cOnt. ^iv; sp. ammon. aromat. 
 Oij. Ph.rh.) In dyspepsia, combined with 
 acidity and languor. 
 
 Tinctura Cinchona ^the'rea Compos'jta, 
 T. KinrB KitKZ mthc'rea compos'ita, Eliodr'ium. 
 Antisep'ticum J)octo'ris ChausSier, Chaussier's 
 Antisep'tic Eli.xir. (Cinchon. oj/icin. gij, ccks- 
 carill. -^ss, dinn'am, giij, croci gss, saccfi,. alt. 
 gxxxviij. Put thes^ bruised iMo a mattress, 
 and add vin. alb. Hispa7iic,..Ye\ vin. muscat., al- 
 cohol, aa, Oj . Ma'cerate for two days, and add 
 sulphuric ether f..7,is^,. PA..F.) Tonic, Stimu- 
 lant, and antiseptic. Dose, f. gss to f. gj. 
 
 Tinctura Cinchona Compos'ita, Compound 
 Tl^icture of Cinchona or Ba^'k, Huxham's Tinc- 
 ture of Bark, T. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Compo- 
 sita, T.,fedrif'uga,Docto'ris Muxhd'mi, Essen'- 
 tia Chines, E. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni Alexiphar!- 
 maca Suxhami, Essen'tia antisep'tica PLux- 
 hami, Tinctu'ra Alexiphar'maca Huxhami, 
 Tinctu'ra AlcohoVica Chinm Compos'ita. ■•{Cin- 
 chon. com. ^^ij, aurant. cort. cgnt. .^is^, 'ser- 
 pent, tont. giij, croci, santal. aa ^j,'alcohol. di- 
 luti^i. §xx. ]Vfaeerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, alsOj be made by 
 displacement., l^ore grateful than the simple 
 tincture. Dose, f. gj to f. giij. 
 
 Tinctura C^Nnamo'mi, Tincture of Cinna- 
 mon, Essen'tiq, CinTiamoTni, T. Lauri Cirina- 
 momi, {Cinnam. cont. Jiij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. 
 XT. S.) It may, also, be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Stomachic. Dose, f. gj to f. gij. 
 
 Tinctura Cinnamo'mi Compos'ita,, Cora- 
 pound Tincture of Cinnamon, Tinctu'ra Aro- 
 jnalUca, Essen'tia Aromatica, Alcooi cum Aro- 
 mat'ihus Cortipos'itus, Eau de Bonferme ou 
 d^Armagnac, { Cinnam. cont. ^^j, cardam. cont. 
 §ss, zingib. cont. giij, alcohols dilut. Oij. Ma- 
 
 cerate for 14 days, eotpress, and filter. I'/i. 
 U. S.) It may, also, be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Use, satne as the last. Dose, f. gj to 
 
 Tinctura de CochlIsA'riis, Alcoola'tum de 
 Cothlea'riis, A. antiscorbu'tioum. {Fol. coch- 
 lear, recent. ySOO p., rad. arm'oracige, 230 p., 
 qtlcohol. (22° to 32° B6.) 3000 p., distil off 2000 
 p. Ph.r.) Antiscorbutic. 'Dose,f.3ijto,^j. 
 
 Tinctura Col'chici, T. C. Sem'inis,{Ph. 
 v. S.), Tincture of Colchi'eum Seed. {Colchip. 
 sem. copt. giv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, ancj filter. Ph. U.S.) • It 
 may, al^o, be prepared by displacement^ Dose, 
 ten to sixty drops. ' , ^ 
 
 TtnoturA CoLCHifei Sejiinis, T.' colchici — t. 
 ColombEE, T. Calumbte. 
 
 TiNCTtTRA CoNid, T. C. Macula'ti, T.dcu'- 
 tce. Tincture of Hemlock. /{Cotiii fol. ^'iv, al- 
 cohol, dil. Oij'. Macerate for 14 days, exjjress, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may also be made 
 by displacement. Use; — the same a:s that of 
 the leaves. • i 
 
 Tinctura C6nii,Ma9Ulati, T. conii^-t. Con- 
 , volvuli Jalapae, T. jalapii — t. Corti'cis aurantii, 
 'T. -aurantii— t. Corticis Peruviani;' composita, 
 T. cinchonse eOmp. — t. Corticis Peruviani sim- 
 plex, T. cinchonEB^t. Corticis Peruviani vola- 
 tili^, T. cinchonee'ainmoniata. j 
 
 Tinctura Croci Sati'vji, T. Croci, Tine-, 
 ture of ' Saffron. {Croci Angl. ,coht.' gj, alco- 
 hol, dilut. '^xx. Ph.E.y Slightlystomachic(?). 
 Dose, f. gj- tof. giij. , 
 
 Tinctura de Crooo Compos'ita, Elixir'inm 
 de GarUs, Alcoolattim de Croco Compos'itum, 
 Corn-pound Tincture of Saffron, Elixir of Ga- 
 rtis. {Aloes Socotr. 320 p., myrrh. 64 p., croci. 
 33 p.,^cinnamr., nuc. gAoschat.y'caryoph. aa, 1{) 
 p., ,alcohol. 1000 p. ag. flor. aurant. 5000 p. 
 Digest for two daysj distil 4000 p,, and add 
 si/rup-afcapillaire, 5000 p. Ph. P.) Aroma- 
 tic, cordial, stomachic. It is also called Elixir 
 .cordia'le et stomach'ieum, and E,. anticol'icum 
 croea'tum. , 
 
 Tinctura Crotonis ELEUTHEEliE, T. casca- 
 rillsB.. 
 
 Tinctura OubeB'/E, T^inctureof Cubebs. '{Cu- 
 beb. cont. giv, alcohol, dilut. ,Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
 It may, also, be, prepared by displacement. 
 Dose, one or two fliiidrachftis. 
 
 ' Tinctura Digita'hs, Tincture of Digitalis, 
 T. D-igit(ilis purpu'rese. {Digital. ,^iv, spirit, 
 ten. O'l]. Macerate for 14 days, express, and 
 filter.) It may, also, be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Use^ same as that of the leaves. Dose, 
 g"- X. 
 
 Tinctura FEBRiriiGA Doctoris Huxhami, 
 T. cinchonae composita. 
 
 ^ Tinctura FeRri Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace- 
 tate of Iron. {Potass, acetat.^i], snlph. ferri 
 ^i, sp. rectif. Oij.' Rub the acetate., and sul- 
 phate into a soft .mass. Dry and ,rub With tba 
 spirit. Digest for 7 days, and pour off. . Ph. 
 D.) Tonic and astringent. Dose, g"- xx to 
 f. gj. The Dublin college directs a Tinctura 
 Acetatis Ferri cum A/'coho'le, which difiers fron? 
 the' other, in having half the quantity, only, of 
 the Acetate of Potass. 
 
 Tinctura Ferri Ammonia'ta, Tincture of 
 Ammonidted Iron, T. Ferri Ammoniaca'lis, T. 
 Florum 'martia'lium, T. Martis Mynsich'ti. 
 {Ferri ammon, §iv, sp. ten. Oj. Ph, L.) Use-r- 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 846 
 
 TINCTURA 
 
 same as that of the ammoniated iron. Dose, f. 
 gsstof. gij. • 
 
 TiNOTUKA Feeri ChloridIj Ti ferri muriatiB. 
 
 TiNCTUEA Ferri Muria'tis, T. Ferrichlo'- 
 ridi, (Ph. U. S.), T. Fern sesqui-chlo' ridi, lA- 
 qubr Ferri muria'tis. Tincture of Muridte'of 
 Iron, T. Murtis in Spiritu Salis, T. M. cum Spi- 
 ritu Salis', T. Ferri Muria'ti, Tinctuve of Steel, 
 Alcohol ferra'tus. {Ferri sulcarb. Ibss, gcid. mu- 
 riat. <i\, alcohol. Oiij. Add the acid to the 
 subcarbonate in a glass vessel, and shake during 
 three days. Pour off and add th? spirit. Fh. 
 XT. S.) Tonic and styptic. Dose,' g"- x to 
 
 XI.' 
 
 A solution of nitrate of iron, Liquor eeu So- 
 lu'tio Ferri JSfitra'tis, Liquor Ferri Sesquini- 
 tra'tis, Solution of Sesquinitrate of Iron, ha6 
 been recommended ,in chronic diarrhcea and 
 dysentery. Its virtues exactly resemble those 
 of the muriate of iron. 
 
 The Antivenereal Drops, at qne time so ce- 
 lebrated at Amsterdam, were examined by 
 Scheele, and found to be a tincture of chloride 
 of iron and corrosive sublimate. 
 
 Tinc'tura Ferri Sesquichloridi, T. Ferri 
 muTiatis— t. Ferulae Asafoetidae, T. Asafoeti- 
 dcB — t. Florum martialium,T. ferri ammoniata 
 — t. Fcetida, T. asafoetidae — t. Foetida ammo- 
 niata, T. castorei com^osita — ^t. Fuliginis, see 
 Fuligo. , , f 
 
 Tinotura Gal'bani, Tincture of Galhanum, 
 (Galb. §ij, sp. tenuior. Oij. . Ph.D.) Stimu- 
 lant and antispasmodic. Dose f. 3J'to f. _^iij. 
 
 Tinctura Galla'rum, T. Galla, Tincture, 
 of Galls. (Gall": contus. §iv, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be prepared by dis- 
 placement. Astringent. Dose, f . 2j to giij . 
 
 Tinctura Gentia'n« Comtos'iTAjCompound 
 Tincture of Gentian, Tinct. Ama'ra., Spirit Bit- 
 ters, Flix'ir S^omach'icuTn. {Rad.gent. con- 
 cis. ^ij, aurant. cort. exsiccat. ^j. cardam. 
 .sem. cont. ,^ss,' spirit tenuior. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express, arid filter.) It may, like- 
 wise, be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. 
 S. Tonic and stomachic. Dose, f. gj to f. 
 oiij; 
 
 Brodum's Nervous Cordial ^consists of the 
 Tinctures of Gentian, Columha, Cardamom, 
 and Bark, with the Compound Spirit of Lctvbit- 
 der, and Wine of Iron. 
 
 Stoughton's Elixir is a compound tincture 
 of gentian. T^'hQ Elixir'iiim Docto'ris Stough- 
 ton seu Tinctu'ra Ama'ra of the Parisian Codex 
 is prepared as follows: — Absinth, summit, ex- 
 siccat., Teucricham<Edtys.,Fafi. gentian., cort. 
 imrant. aa j^vj, cascarillce J^j, rhei gss, aloes 
 socotr. J5j, alcohoV. Oij.) Digest. 
 
 TiHOTURA Ghai'aci, T. G. Offidna'Us, Tinc- 
 ture of Guai'acitm,. {Guaiac. Ibss, sp. rert. Oij. 
 Macerate for 14 days,, and filter.) Stimulant 
 and sudorific. Used especially in rheumatic 
 and arthritic cases. Nearly the same as Hill's 
 Essence of Bardana or Burdock. 
 
 Tinctura Gua'i'aoi Ammonia'ta, Ammoni- 
 ated Tincture of Gnai' acnm., T. Guaiaei'na Vo- 
 lat'Llis, Elixir Guai'aci Volatilis, Al'cohol cum. 
 Gtiai'aco offlcina'li ammonia'tus, Al'cohol am- 
 m.onice ei Guai'aci, T. Guai'aci, P. L. 1788, 
 Vol'atile Tincture of Guai'acnm. {Guaiac. 
 cont. §iv, sp. ammon. arom. Oiss. Macerate 
 
 for 14 days, and filter.) Properties same as 
 the last. Dose, f. gj to f. gij. 
 
 Hatfield's Tincture^-a. jiostrum — consists of 
 Guaiacum and Soap, aa gijj rectified spirit, 
 Oiss. 
 
 TtNOTURA Helleb'ori, T. H. Nigri, Tinc- 
 ture of -Black Hellebore, T. Melampo'dii. (Rod. 
 heileb. nigr. tont. giv, sp. tenuior. Oij. Ma-, 
 cerate for 14 days, express and filter.) It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. — Ph. JJ, S. 
 Dose, f. gss to f. 3j. 
 
 Tinctura Hiera, Vinum aloes. 
 
 TinoturA Hij'mUli, Tincture of Hops. (Hu- 
 muli strobil. gv, sp: tenuior. Oij.) Tpnic and 
 sedative. Dose, f. gss to f. giij. ^ 
 
 Tinctura Hyosci'ami, T. Hyoscyami nigri. 
 Tincture of Henbane. (^Hyoscyam. fol. §iv, 
 sp. ten. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express 
 and filter.) It may also be prepared, by .dis- 
 placenjent — Ph. V- S^' Narcotic, anodyne. 
 Dose, gtt- XX to f. gij. 
 
 . Tinctura Io'dinij Alcohol lo'dii, "Tincture 
 of Iodine. (lodin. ^j, alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. 
 Ph. TJ. S.) The tincture spoils by keeping, pr 
 at least, deposits theiodine. It has been much 
 used in goitre, &c. Dose, ten drops three times 
 a day. 
 
 Tinctura Iobimi Compos'ija, Compound 
 Tincture of Iqdine. {lodin,. gss, Potassii lodid. 
 §j,- Alcohol. Oj. . Dissolve— PA. U. jS.) Dose 
 10 to 30 drops. ' , - 
 
 Tinctura Jala'pii, T. Jala'pa, T. Convol'- 
 vuli Jalapx, Tincture of Jalap, Vali'ga. (Ja- 
 lap: rad. cont. ,^viij, sp. ten. Oij. Macerate 
 for 14 days, express and filter — Ph. TJ. S.) It 
 may also be made by displacement. Cathartic. 
 Dose, f. 3J to f. giy. 
 
 Tinct.ura Jala'pii Compos'ita, Elixir Ja- 
 lap' cb Compos'itum, Elixir purgans, Essen'tia 
 cathol'ica picrgans Roth'ii, Elixir anthelmin'ti^' 
 dim Succo'rum, Eau de vie Allem-andc. (Jalap, 
 &SS, Scammon. si. Alcohol. (22°,) Ovj. Ma- 
 cerate for eight days. Ph, P.) Dose, 60 to 
 100 drops. 
 
 Tinctura Japonica, Tinctura catechu — ^t. 
 Kinae kinae aetherea cpmposita — t. Cinchpnae 
 aetherea composita — t. Kinkinse aimara, Tinc- 
 tura cinchona amara. 
 
 Tinctura Kiko, Tincture of Kino, (Kino 
 contrit. §iij, «p. ten. Oij. Ph. L. E.,&c, -D.) 
 Astringent. Dose, f . gj to f. gij . 
 
 Tinctu'ra KRAME'RiiE, Tincture ofRhatany. 
 (Kramer, in pulv. Jvj, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U: 
 S.) It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Dose, f. gj tof. gij. . 
 
 Tinctura Lauri CinnamcSmi, Tinctura cin^: 
 riamomi — t. Lavandulae composita, Spiritus 
 lavand. comp. — t. Lyttae, Tinctura cantharidis 
 — t. Martis Glauberi, see Ferrum> tartarizatum 
 — t. Martis in spiritu salis, Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riatis; — t. Martis Mynsichti, Tinctura ferri am- 
 moniata — t. Martis vinosa, Vinum ferri — t. Me- 
 lampodii, Tinctura hellebori nigri — ti Meloes 
 vesicatorii, Tinctura cantharidis-^t. Metallo- 
 rum, Lilium Paraeelsi — t. MimosiB • catechu, 
 Tinctura catechu. 
 
 Tinctu'ra LoBE'LiiE, Tincture of Lohelia, 
 (Lobel. giv ; alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. ,Tf. S.) It 
 may also be prepared by displacement. Dose, 
 
 fv.^jtof.gij. 
 
 Tinctu'ra Lupuli'nje, Tincture of Lu'piihne. 
 
TINCTURA 
 
 847 
 
 TINCTUEA 
 
 {LupuUn. ?iv ; alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 14 
 days,' and filter. Fh.V.S.) Dose f. gj to f.-gij. 
 
 TwoTtjRA Meloes Vesicaiokii, Tinctura 
 eantharldis. . - 
 
 TiMCTtmA MosoHi, Tincture of Musi, Es- 
 sence of Musk. . {Moseh. in pulv. redact, gij, 
 sp,vini rect.O'^.) Dose, f. gj to f. giv. 
 
 Tinctura Myrehe, Tincture of Murrh, Sim- 
 ple Tincture of Myrrh. (Jlfi/rrA^cpntussB .^iv, 
 alcolwl Oiij. , Macerate for 14 days, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and 
 detergent. It is chiefly used in gargles, and 
 applied to toxxl ulcers, spongy glims, &c. 
 
 Hudson's Preservative for the 'Teeth and 
 Gums consists of Tinct. niyrrh., tinct. cinch., 
 aq. einnam. aa§iij, eau d'arquebasade,^^, pulv. 
 gum. Arab. ^ss. Mi 
 
 TiNCTUKA Nervina Bestucheffii, Tinctura 
 sen alcohol sulphurica-eethereus ferri — t. Ner- 
 vina Halerisis, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico- 
 asthereus ferri — t. Nervino-tonica, Lamotte's, 
 Alcohol seu tinctura sulphurico-Eethereus ferri. 
 
 ■Tinctura Nucis VoM'iCiE, Tincture of Nux 
 Vomica. {Alcohol, s. g. .837, f. .^j; Dri/ Ex- 
 tract of Nux Vomica, S gr.) Dose, g't- v to 
 XXX in cases where the nux vomica is indicated. 
 
 Tinctura Olei Mentha Piperi'ts, Tinc- 
 ture of ^Oil of Peppermint^ Essence of Pepper- 
 mint. {Ol.inenihae piperitx, f. §ij, alcohol. O]. 
 Dissolve. Ph. 1J. S.) > Dbse, 5 drops, as a car- 
 minative. The Tinctura Olei Mentha Vir*- 
 iDis, Tincture of Spearmint, Essence of Spear- 
 mint, is made in the same manner. Ph. tT. S. 
 
 Tinctura O'pii, Tincture of Opium, Liquid 
 Lau'danum, Theriaea^ cceles'tis, Al'cohol cum 
 Opio, Tinctura Theba'ica, Tincture, Sedapi'va'. 
 {Opii contriti ^ijss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U, S.) 
 Nineteen minims contain about one grain of 
 opium. Properties, those of opium. Dose,gt'- 
 XX to Ix and more. By macerating the dregs 
 remaining after making the Tinctura Opii in a 
 solution of Tartaric Acid, a solution is obtained, 
 vi^hich is said to be devoid of the exciting and 
 constipating properties of the tincture of opium. 
 Gray calls it Haden's Liquor Opii Sedafi'vus. 
 
 TiNCTu'sA Opii Aceta'ta, jlc"et3tc(i Tincture 
 of Opium. {Opii ^iy, aceti, f. gxij ; alcohol. 
 Oss. Rub the opium ■yi'ith the vinegar ; add the 
 alcohol, and having macerated for 14 days, ex- 
 press and filter. 'Ph. U. S.) Twenty drops 
 are equivalent to a grain of opium. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Ammonia'ta, Ammo'niated 
 Tincture of Opium, Edinburgh Paregor'ic^ 
 Elix'ir. {Flor. benz., croci Ai. giij, opii ^ij, qI. 
 anisi-^^^, alcohol, dmrn^oniat. f. '.^xvj. Digest. 
 Ph. E.) -f. gj contains one grain of opium. 
 Used like the Tinctura Uamphorce Com-posita. 
 
 Tinctura Opii Camphorata-, Tinctura cam- 
 phoree composita — t. Plumbosa, Liquor plumbi 
 subacetatis dilutus.- ^ 
 
 Tinctura Quas'sis, T. Quassias excel'sse. 
 Tincture of Quassia. (^Quassia rasur. ^ij, al- 
 cohol, dilut. Ojj. Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Tonic. Dose, f . gj to 5 ij . 
 
 Tinctura Qui'ni^^ Sulpha 'tis, Tinctitre of 
 SulphatC'of Qui'nia. (Sulphate of Quinia, gr. 
 vj, alcohol, (.847), f. gj. M.) Dose i.^l to giv, 
 in the day. 
 
 A Tinctura Cincho'nite SulphaHis may, be 
 made in a similar manner. 
 
 Tinctoba Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei^ — t. 
 
 Rhabarbari composita,, Tinctura rhei — t. Rha- 
 barbari vihosa, Vinum rhei palmati. 
 
 ' Tinctura Rhei, T. Rhaharb'ari,T. Rhabar- 
 bari spiiituo'sa, T. Rkai, T. Rhei palma'ti, 
 Tincture of Rhubarb. {Rhei. rod. concis. ,|iij, 
 cardam. cont. §ss, aliohol. dil'M. Oij. Mace- 
 riite for 14 days, express, and filter. It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stomachic or purgative, accqrding to the dose 
 employed : f. gj to gij as a stomachic; f.giv to 
 gj as a purgative. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei Compos'ita, T. Rhabarbari 
 composita, ' Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. 
 {Rhei rod. concis. §ij, glycyrfhiz. rad. cont. 
 §ss. zingib. rad. concis., croci stigmai. aa-gij, 
 aquce, f. gxij, sp. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Properties 
 same as the last. 
 
 Tinctura Rhei et Al'oes, Tincture of Rhu- 
 barb and Aloes, Elixir sacrum!. {Rad. rhei con- 
 cis. gxi, aloes Zvj, sem^ cardam. cont. gss, al- 
 cohol, dilut. oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties like the last. 
 
 Ryrrier's Oar'diac Tincture consists of an^ in- 
 fusion of Capsicum, pamphor, Cardamom s'eeds, 
 Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in P,ro6f Spirit, with 
 a very small quantity of Sulphuric Add. 
 
 .Tinctura Rhei et Gewtia'n,«, Tincture of 
 Rhufiarh^with Gen^tian, Tinctura Rhei Axria'ra. 
 (iSAcz'cont. '^y^, gentian, cont.^^ss, alcoholis di.- 
 luti Oij. Macerate for 14 days, expre'ss, and 
 filter. Ph. U. S.). It may also be prepared 
 by displacement. Properties same as the last. 
 ' Tinctura Rhei et Senn«, Tincture of Rhu- 
 barb and Senna, Warner's Gout Cordial. {Rhei 
 cont. gj, sennce gij, coriandr. cont., famicul. 
 sem. cont. aa gj, s,dntal. i;asur. gij, croci., gly- 
 cyrrhizi rad. aa '^%%,uvar. passar. acinis ex- 
 emptis, Ib^s, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 
 14 days; express, and filter. Ph. U.S.) Dose, 
 f. gsstof. |ij. ■ _ 
 
 Tinctura Rhcei, Tinctura rhei — t, Rhffii 
 amara, Tinctui-a rhei et gentianse — t. Sacraj 
 Vinum aloes — t. Saponis camphorata, Linimen- 
 tum;'saponis compositum — t. Saponis et opii, 
 Linimentum saponis et opii^-t. Sedativa, Tinc- 
 tura opii. 
 
 Tinctura Sanguina'rmi, Tincture of Blood- 
 root. {Sanguinar. cont. _^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. 
 Macerat? for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. 
 U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace- 
 ment. Dose, SO to 60 drops. 
 
 Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, Linimen- 
 tum saponis. 
 
 Tinctura Sciiji,m , Tincture of Squill. {Scilla 
 exsiccat. '^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 
 14 days, express, and filter. It may also be 
 made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gM- 
 XV to Ix. 
 
 Tinctura Sennj?, T. Sennce Compos'ita, 
 ^lixir Salu'tis, Daffy's Elixir, Tincture of 
 Senna. {Sennce fol. ^iij, Cartd sem. cont.giij, 
 cardam. seirt. cont. gj, uvartim passarum demp- 
 tis acinis, giv, sp. ten. Oij. Ph. L. 6/- D.) Sto- 
 machic, carminative and cathartic: Dose, f. 
 gijtof. §j. , 
 
 Tincture: Senn^: et jALA'p,iE, Tincture of 
 Senna and Jalap. (S««»« §ijj,j'ffi/fflp. pulv.gj, 
 coriandr. cont., carui cont., aa ^s»; cardam. 
 cont. gij, sacch. giv, alcohok dilut. Oiij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U.S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. Dose, 
 f.gijtof.Jj. 
 
TINCTURE 
 
 848 
 
 TINTEMENT M&TALL1QUE 
 
 TiNCTHBA SEEPENTA'RiiE, T. S. Virginia'nx, 
 T.Aristolochi'cs SerpentaritBjTincture dfSna&s- 
 Yoot. {Rad. serpent, ^iij, sp. ten. Oij,. Mace- 
 rate for 14 daysj express, and filter. Ph. XT. S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. To- 
 nic. Dose, f. ^ss to f. gij. 
 
 TiHCTnKA Stomachica, Tinctura cardamomi 
 composita. 
 
 Tinctura Steamo'kii, Tincture of Stramo'- 
 nium. {Stramon. sem. cont. giv, alcohol, dilut. 
 Oij. Macerate for 14 days,' express, and filter. 
 Ph. U.S.) It may also be prepared by dis- 
 placement. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 
 
 . TiMCTUBA Stetce'ni^, Tincturc ofStrych'- 
 nia. (^Alcohol, s. g.' .837. Oj, strychnix gr. 
 iij.) Dose, £ drops to 24. Properties, those of 
 strychnia. 
 
 ■ TiNCTDRA sen Al'oohol Sclphu'rico-^the- 
 REUS Ferri, GuttcR nervi'nts, Liquor Anoti'ynus 
 Wartia'lis, Al'cohol xtkeWeus ferrd'ttts, Naph'- 
 tha Yitrioli Martia'Hs) Solutio Muriaiis fer- 
 rici athe'reay • Spir'itus sulphurico - athefreus. 
 Martialis,Tinctu'ra.nervi'na Halen'sis, T.Ton'- 
 ico^tiervi'Tia Halen'sis, Tinctura au'rea, T. ner' 
 vi(naBestucheffdj T.7iervino-ton'ica {Lamotte's,) 
 T.cethe'reaferri, -^ther Martia'lis,De LaMotte's 
 Golden i)rops, ^estuchej^'s TTervous Tincture, 
 Elixir d'oT de M. le General De La Motte, 
 An ethereal, solution of muriate of iron. It is 
 much used in gout, hypochondriasisj &c. 
 
 Tinctura Sulphuris Volatilis, Liquor fu- 
 mans Boylii — t. Thebaica, Tinctura opii,Vinum 
 opii. 
 
 Tinctura ToLuir'ERiE-BAL'sAMi, Tincture of 
 Ealsam of Tolu\ T. Bal'sa/mi Toluta'niyT. To- 
 luta'ni, (Ph. U. S.), ( Tolutan. §jss, alcohol. Bj.) 
 Reputed to be expectorant and corroborant. 
 Dose, f. ijss to f. 3j or more. 
 
 Tinctura Tonica Nervina Halensis, Alco- 
 hol (seu Tinctura) sulphurico-aethereus ferri. 
 
 Tinctura "^ kuev-Ul-sm, Tincture of Valerian. 
 (Valerian, cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express,-and strain. It may 
 also be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) 
 Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose,f. ^ss togij^ 
 
 Tinctura Valeriana; Ammonia'ta, Armno'- 
 niated or Volatile Tincture of Valerian, T. Vale- 
 rianaVolat'ilis. (Valerianrs cont. ,^iv, sp.am- 
 mon. arom. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, 
 and filter. It may also be made by displacement. 
 Ph. U. S.) Like the former. Dose, f. gss to f. 
 
 Tinctura Vera'tri, T. Veratri "albi. Tinc- 
 ture of White -Hellebore. {Rad. veratri 'alb. 
 cont-^vii], alcohol, dilut. Oijss.PA.JS.) Emetic 
 and cathartic : but not very manageable. Dose, 
 git- V. to X. , 
 
 Tinctura Zingib'eris, T. Amo'mi Zingiberis, 
 Tincture of Ginger. (Zingib. cont. ^ viij, alco- 
 hol. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, arii 
 filter. It may also be made by displacement. 
 PA. If.S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 
 f. .:^ss tof. !^j. 
 
 TINCTURE OF ACETATE OF IRON, 
 Tinctura ferri acetatis — t. of Aconite, Tinctura 
 aconiti — t. of Balsam of Tolu, Tinctura toluiferae 
 balsami — t. of Bark, Tihctura cinchonae — t. of 
 Bark, ammoniated, Tinctura cinchonas ammo- 
 niata — t. of Bark, compound, Tinctura cinchonae 
 composita — t. of Bark, Huxham's, Tinctura ein- 
 chonsE composita — t. of Bark, volatile, Tinctura 
 cinchonae ammoniata — t. of Belladonna, Tinc- 
 tura belladonnae — t. of Blistering Fly, Tinctura 
 
 cantharidis— t. Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhei 
 ^ aloes — t. of Colchicum seeds, Tinctura col- 
 chici-^t. of Colombo, Tinctura Calumbas— t. of 
 Cubebs, Tinctura cubebas — t. of Galls, Tinc- 
 tura gallarum — t. of Ginger, Tinctura zingiberis 
 — t. for the Gout, Dr. Wilson's, see Colchicum 
 autumnal^ — t. Hatfield?s, seeTinctura guaiaci 
 ammoniata — t. of Hellebore, white, Tinctura 
 veratri — t. of Hemlock, Tinctura conii maculati 
 — t. of Henbane, Tinctura hyoscyami — t. of 
 Hops, Tinctura humuli — t. of Iodine, compound, 
 Tinctura iodini composita — t. of Irdn, ammo- 
 niated, Tinctura f^rri ammoniata— t. of Iroh, 
 muriated, Tinctura ferri mnriatis — t. of Lobelia, 
 Tinctura lobeliae — t. of Ludvfig, see Ferrum 
 larterizatum — t. of Lupnline, Tinctura lupulinae 
 — t. of Musk, Tinctura moschi^t. Nervous, 
 BestucheiPs, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico- 
 aethereus ferri^t. of Oil ofVeppermint, Tinctura 
 Olei menths piperitae — t. of Oil of Spearmint, 
 Tinctura oler fflenthae viridis — t. of Opium, 
 acetated, Tinctura opii acetata — t. of Orange 
 peel, Tinctura aurantii — t. ofRhatany, Tinctura 
 kramerise — t. of Rhubarb, Tinctura rhei-^t. of 
 Rhubarb and aloes, Tinctura rhei et aloes — t. 
 of Rhubarb and gentian, Tinctura rhei et gen- 
 tianae— ^t. of Rhubarb and senna, Tinctura rhei 
 et sennae^t. of Saflron, Tinctura croci — ^t. of 
 Safllon, compound, Tinctura de croco composita 
 — t. of Senna and jalap,-Tinctura senhse etjalapae 
 — t. of Snakeroof, TinQtui-a serpentariae^— tl of 
 Soap, camphora.ted, iinimentum saponis — t.. of 
 Spanish Fly, Tinctura cantharidis — t. of Sqiiill, 
 Tinctura scillae — t. of Steel, Tinctura ferri chlo- 
 ridi — t. Stomach, Tinctura cardamomi composi- 
 ta^ — t. of Stramonium, Tinctura stramonii-^t. 
 for the Teeth, GreenougWs, see Spiritus arnio- 
 raciffi compositns — t. Toothache, Tinctura an- 
 tiodontalgica — t. ' of Wormwood^ compound, 
 Tinctura absinthii compasita. 
 
 TINDER, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 Tinea, Porrlgo — t. Faciei, Porrigo larvalis 
 — t. Favosa, Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa, Porrigo 
 scutulata — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans — t. 
 Granulata, Porrigo scutulata, Porrigo lupiriosa 
 — rt. Lactea, Pdrrigo larvalis — t. Lupina, Por- 
 rigo lupinosa^-t. Mucosa, Porrigo lupinosa — t. 
 Porriginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t. Tondens, 
 Porrigo decalvans. ' 
 
 TINKER'S WEED, Triosteum. 
 
 TINKLING, METALLIC, Timement me- 
 tallique. 
 
 TINNIMENTUM METALXICUM, Tinte- 
 Tfient metallique. 
 
 TINNI'TUS KVKlVU,Fluctua'tio senSon'- 
 itus au'ri%i.m., Paracu'sis imagined ria, Susur'- 
 rus au'riv/m, Ote'chus, Syrig'mus, Syring'mos, 
 Sib'iliis. aurium, S. claaigo' sus, Strep'dtus seu 
 Sibilis'Tnus aurium, Echos, Eneche'ma, Bom- 
 bus, Murnmr, ' ringing of the ears,' from tin- 
 nire, 'to ring.' (F.) Tintement, Tintouin, 
 BourdonneTTient, Bruissement. An imaginary 
 sound, like the ringing of a bell, the noise of 
 wind, the murmur of water, &c., heard in 
 health and in sickness. It is, often, an accom- 
 paniment of cerebral disorder. 
 
 TINTEMENT, Tinnitus aurium— -t. Bul- 
 laire, T. metallique. 
 
 TINTEMENT MATALLIQUE (F.), Tinte- 
 ment bullaire, Tinvimen'tum metal^licum, Canor 
 stethoscop'icus, Metallic Respiration, Metallic 
 Voice, Metallic Tingling. A. particular noise, 
 heard by the stethoscope when applied to the 
 
TINTINNABULUM 
 
 849 
 
 TOKAS 
 
 chest, and which, according to Laennec, re- 
 sembles that caused by striking metal, glass, 
 or porcelain, with a pin; but is, perhaps, 
 more like the sound of the keys of a musical 
 snuff-box. The tintement metallique or metal- 
 lie tinkling is heard on causing the patient to 
 speak or breathe ; but is more distinct when he 
 coughs. . When the phenomenon is not so 
 strongly marked, it produces only, the metaWt'c 
 resonatic6\. The; 'metallic tinkling,' is a pa-, 
 thognomonic symptom of a communication be- 
 tween the bronchia and cavity of the chest; in 
 other words, oi J'neumothoTax. 
 
 TINTINNABtTLDM, Uvula. 
 
 TINTOTJIN, Tinnitus aurium. 
 
 TIPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TIKP-BALLE, Forceps (bullet.) 
 
 TIRE-FOND, (F.) A surgical instrument, 
 formerlyused to elevate the piece of bone sawed 
 offl)y the trephine. - 
 
 TIRE-FUS, Pyulcon. 
 
 TIRE-TETE, (F.) A name given to dif- 
 ferent instruments used for extracting the head 
 of the child when left in tho uterus, and in cer- 
 tain cases of difficult labour. The crotchet is 
 one of those, as W£ll as the Tire-tite a bascule 
 ofLevret, &c. 
 
 TIRES, Milk sickness. 
 
 TISANEy Ptilsand or Ptis'sana, Ptiiane, 
 from TtTicrovii, ' pearl barley,' itself from Ttria-o-o, 
 ' I decorticate.' A name given to aqueous me- 
 dicines, containing but little, if any medicinal 
 agent. The ancients gave, the name particu- 
 larly to the decoction of barley. 
 
 Ti;SANE COMMUNE, Decoctum hordei. 
 
 TISSV, Tissue — ft Accidentel, see Acciden- 
 tal — t. Gmierneux, Cavernous texture — t. Cel- 
 luleux des os, Cancelli — t. JnodiilaiTe, Tissue, 
 inodular — t. Sj/ongmde, Spongoid tissue. 
 
 TISSUE, T^xtiis, Tela, (F.yTissu. By this 
 term) in anatomy, is meant the various parts, 
 ■jvhich,^ by their union, form the organs ; and 
 are, as it were, their anatomical elements. 
 General anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, 
 which are the seat of the investigations of the 
 pathological anatomist. The best division, in- 
 deed, of diseases would be according to the 
 tissues mainly implicated. For the element- 
 ary tissues, see Fibre. The compound tissues, 
 which, by. associating or combining variously, 
 form every organ of the body, have been vari- 
 ously classed : but every division is impei:fec,t and 
 liable to objections. The following, by Messrs. 
 Todd and Bowrnan, is one of the most recent. 
 . TABULxa View of the TissnEB of the Human Boot. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 "1 Posterior layer of 
 
 ]. Simplemembrane, homogeneous, ] the cornea. — Cap- 
 
 or nearly so, employed alonq, y sule of the'Iens'.— 
 
 or in the formaiion of com- I Sarcujemma of 
 
 pound inembranfig. j mtiscte, &c. 
 
 a.Pilamen'tousTissues.theelementsy White arid yellow 
 
 of wliicli are real or appar&nt > fibrous Tissues. — 
 
 iilamentp. ' ) Areolar tissue. 
 
 3. Compound membranes, composed 1 Mucous membrane 
 
 ofsimplempmbraneandalayer —Skin.— True or 
 of cells of various forms, fepi- I secreting glands 
 tlielium or epidermis.^ or of are- f -Serous and syno- 
 olar tissue and epithelium. J vial membranes. 
 
 4. Tissues whirli 'retain the primi- ^Adipose tissue. — 
 
 tfvc cellular structure as their V Cartilage Gray 
 
 permanent character. ) nervous matter. 
 
 S.Sclerousoi; hard tissue. Bone Teeth. 
 
 6. Compound tissues. 
 
 a. Composed of lubes of homoge-) 
 
 neous membrane, containing a > Muscle.- Nerve. 
 
 peculiar substance. > 
 
 i. Composed of white fibrous tis- ) r,;v„ ._,,,■,..„ 
 
 aues and cartilage. j Fibro-cartilage. 
 
 Tissue, Accidei^tal or Adventitious, con- 
 sists of every substance — foreign to thp primi- 
 tive organization of the economy, but yet or- 
 ganized and living — which liiay be developed 
 in the anterior or at the surface of organs. 
 Laennec divides the accidental tissues into two 
 sections. 1. Those that resetpble others in the 
 animal economy, or analogous accidentil tis- 
 sues; and, 2. Those that have nothing analo- 
 gous in the body, and which are always the re- 
 sult of a morbid process — the heterologous or 
 heteroelite accidental tissues. To the first class 
 belongj ossifications ; accidental fibrous, fibro- 
 cartilaginous, cartilaginous, cellular, and cor- 
 neous tissues ; hairs ; the serous membranes of 
 certain encysted tumours; the mucous mem- 
 branes of fistulous canals, and accidental syno- 
 vial membranes. To the second belong tuber- 
 cles, scirrhi, melanosis, &c. 
 
 Tissue, Aeeolae, Cellular tissue, . 
 
 TlSSUE,CARTILAS"lNOUS,fljr»teraO<!/40«6?ro'<?l!J 
 
 seu Hymenochondroi'des {Textura seu Tela.) 
 
 Tissue, Cribeifokm, Cellular tissue — t. Fi- 
 brous, see Fibrous^-t. filamentous. Cellular 
 tissue. ' 
 
 Tissue, Iifoi>'Tji^AR,Telainodula'ris, (F.) Ino- 
 dztle, 7}issu inodulaire. Aname given by Del- 
 pechto..an accidental fibrous tissue developed 
 in. suppurating T^ounds, which is the principal 
 agent in cicatrization. It has, at first, the ap- 
 pearance of a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer; 
 but soon loses its vascularity; and its fibres, 
 which pass in all directions, become of a dull 
 white col'Our, anji of a consistence and hardness, 
 that may be compared to those of the strongest 
 articular Hgj^merits, It is well seen in the ci- 
 catrix left after burns. ' 
 
 Tissue, Laminated, Cellular tissue— t. Liga- 
 mentous, Desmoid tissue — t. Mucous, Cellular 
 tissue — t. Porous, Cellular tissue — t. Reticu- 
 lated, Cellular tissue. 
 
 TITHENE, Nurse. 
 
 TITHYMA LUS, Euphorbia palustris--t. Cy- 
 parissia, Euphorbia cyparissias — t. Latifolius, 
 Euphorbia lathyris — ^t. Paralia's, Euphorbia pa- 
 ralias. 
 
 TITILLAMENTUM, Gargarism. 
 
 TITILLATIO, Tickling. 
 
 TITTHE, Nipple. 
 
 TITTHION, Nipple. 
 
 TITTHIS, Nipple. , 
 
 TITTHOS, Mamma, Nipple. ! 
 
 TITUBANTIA, Bredouillement. 
 
 TITUBATIO, Fidgets, Vacillatio. 
 
 TO-AND-FRO-SOUND,BnM«<^e/ro«ie»reeK<. 
 
 TOAD-FLAX, Antirhinum linaria. 
 
 TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum— t. English, 
 Nicotiana rustica — t. Indian, Lobelia inflata — t. 
 Poison, Hyoscyaipus niger — t. Wild, Lobelia 
 infiata. 
 
 TOCETOS, Parturition. 
 
 TOCODOMYCODORITIS MALIGNA VA- 
 GINALIS, Colpocace puerperarum. 
 
 TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 
 TOCOS, Parturition. 
 
 TODDY TREE, Mamei. 
 
 TOE, Digitus pedis. 
 
 TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz. 
 
 TOFUS, Tophus. 
 
 TOILE D'ARAIGNEE, Araneae tela—*. 
 Choroidienne, see Choroid — *. de Gaultiex, Spa- 
 radrapum Galteri. 
 
 TOKAS, Puerpera. 
 
TOKOLOGY 
 
 850 
 
 TONSIL 
 
 TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics. 
 
 TbLA, TonsU. 
 
 TOLES, TonsiL 
 
 TOLIUM, Tonsil. 
 
 TOLLES, TonsiL 
 
 TOLLUM, TonsiL 
 
 TOLUIF^ERA BAL'SAMUM, Myrotfylon 
 Toluif'erum. Family, -Terebinthaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Decandria Monogynia. The name of the 
 tree which aflfords the Balsam of Telu', Balsa- 
 mum Toluta'mtm, Tolutdnum, (Ph. U. S.)j To- 
 liiif'fras Balsamii Balsamum, Goae'onaz, Red 
 Balsam of Peru, (F.) Bavrnie de Tolu, B. de 
 Cartkagene. It has a very fragrant odour, and 
 warm, sweetish taste; is thick, and of a red- 
 dish-yellow colour. It is stimulant and expec- 
 torant; (?) and is used in'coughs. It is chiefly, 
 however, employed on account of its flavour. 
 
 TOLUTANUM, see Toluifera' balsamum. 
 
 TOMATA, Solanum lycopersicum. 
 
 TOME, Tom'us, rofiri, rofiof, ' incision.' A 
 common suflix, as in Lithotomy, 'Bionbhotomy, 
 &c. 
 
 Tome, Cut, Incision. 
 
 TOMEION, Knife. 
 
 TOMEN'TUM CER'EBRI,from to^entum, 
 ' a flock of wool.' The infinite number of small 
 vessels which pass between the pia mater and 
 convolutions of the brain. They enter the sub- 
 stance of the brain at right angles. 
 
 TOMEUS, Knife. 
 
 TOMISj Scissors. 
 
 TOMOTOCIA, Cffisarean section. 
 
 TONE, Tonus, from rairm, 'I stretch.' The 
 state of tension or firrnness proper to each or- 
 ganic tissue. It is the effect of tonicity. 
 
 Tone, Elasticity. 
 
 TONGA, see' I?atura sanguinea. 
 
 TONGRES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 The town of Tongres is about a league from 
 M^estricht in the Low Countries. The springs, 
 of which there are several, are chalybeate, con- 
 taining carbonates of iron and magnesia. . > 
 
 TONGUE, Sax. cuns, (D.) Tong, Lingua, 
 Glossa, Glotta, (F.) Zidngiie.. The tongue is a 
 rnuscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ ; 
 situate in the mouth, from the os hyoides and 
 epiglottis to the incisor teeth. Its particular 
 use is, to procure for us the >sensation of 
 savours; and it aids in the ^cts of ^cking, 
 mastication, deglutition, pronunciation, and ex- 
 puition. It has the shape of a pyramid, flat- 
 tened above and below; rounded at its angles, 
 and terminated, anteriorly, by, a blunt point. 
 Its upper surface, called the dorsum,, is free, 
 flat, and divided into two portions by a median 
 furrow, lin'ea media! na ; at the posterior extre- 
 mity of which is the fdtamien cctcum or Fora'- 
 men of Morgagni. The inferior surface is 
 free, and covered by the mucous membrane on 
 its anterior third and sides : but behind and in 
 the middle it is attached to the ' lovver jaw by 
 means of the genio-glossus; and to the hyoides 
 by the hyoglossus. Its margins are rounded; 
 thick behind, thinner anteriorly. Its tip, or 
 point, or dental extremity is rounded and free: 
 — the root, base, or hyoid extremity, 'Radix lin- 
 gua, i^ continuous with the epiglottis and ve- 
 lum palati. It is very thick at the foramen 
 caecum; but thinner as it approaches the hyoid 
 bone. The tongiie is composed of muscles, aad 
 covered by a mucous membrane — Ferigloitis, 
 Tnvolu'crum lingua, Membra'na seu Tu'nica 
 
 vagina'lis sen Cutif seu Epider'mis seu Tunica 
 seu Involu'crum mueo'sum. seu Crusta villo'sa 
 Knguce — which forms also the frasnum beneath 
 the tongue. On this membrane are seen the 
 different papillce. The nerves of this organ 
 proceed from the inferior maxillary, glasso-pka- 
 ryngeal afad hypoglossal. The first and second 
 are connected with taste; the last with the 
 motions of the organ. Some recent observers, 
 however, consider th6 • glosse-phdryngeai to be 
 the special nerve of gustation. .The arteries are 
 the lingual, from the external carotid; and the 
 palatine and tonsillar, from the labial. The 
 veins are the superficialis linguce, ranina, lin- 
 giialis, and submentalis. They open into those 
 of the pharynx and larynx. Its lymphatic ves- 
 sels pass into ganglia, situate at the edge of the 
 hyoglossi muscles. 
 
 Tongue, Black. A fever vvhich prevailed 
 in the western States in the winter of 1842-3; , 
 probably typhoid fever. According to some, 
 an epidemic erysipelas. 
 
 Tongue, Heekia of the, Glossocele — t. In- 
 flammation of the. Glossitis — t. Red, fever, see 
 Typhus — t. Scraper, Cure-langue- — t. Tie, see 
 Ankyloglossum. 
 
 TON'IC, Ton'icus. Same etymon as Tone. 
 Relating to tone. 
 
 Tonic, Ton'icus, Tono'ticus, Antasthen'icus, 
 (F. ) Tonique, Fortifiant, in Therapeutics, means 
 a medicine, which has the power of exciting 
 slowly, and by insensible degrees, tbe organic 
 actions of the different systems df the animal 
 economy, and of augmenting theirjStrength in a 
 durable manner. Bitter, vegetable substances 
 which are not associated with an acrid or nar- 
 cotic principle ; preparktiotasofiron^ cold water, 
 &c., act as tonics. They are also called Com- 
 fortan'tia, Confortati'va, Corroboran' tia, Con^ 
 firman'tia, Roboran'iia, &c. 
 
 The following are the-chief Tonics : — Acidum 
 Arseniosuih, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sul- 
 phuricum, Argenti Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, 
 Carbo Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona, Cinchonia, 
 Colomba, Cornus Florida, Cupri Acet^s, Cupri 
 Sulphas, CuprUm ammoniatnm, Cusparia, Eu- 
 patoriufti perfoliatum, Ferri Praeparata, Genti- i 
 ana, Liriodendron, Lupulina, Piperina, Prunus 
 Virginiana, Quassia, Qninia, Salix, Salicina, 
 Serpentaria, Zinci, praeparata, ^Aquae mine- 
 rales acidulae et ferruginese, Mental Tonics, 
 (Confidence, Hope, Amusement.) 
 
 ToMiG Power, Irritability. j 
 
 ToNio Spasm, Spasmus ton'icus, Convul'sio 
 tonicp, Conductio, Spas'ticus, Tonos,iEnto'nia, 
 En'tasis,. Enta'sia. A rigid contraction of 
 muscles without relaxation, as in trismus, te- 
 tanus, &c. See Tetanus and Spasm. 
 
 TONICITY, Tonic"itas. The faculty that 
 determines.the general tone of the solids. Ex- 
 cessive tonicity causes er'ethism or crispness; 
 deficient tonicity, atony or weakness. Tonicity 
 has been used in the same sense as irritability. 
 TONIQUE, Tonic. 
 
 TONOS, Tonic spasm — t. Trismus, Trismus. 
 TONOTICUS, Tonic. 
 
 TONSIL, Tonsiria,Amyg'dala,Pariath'mia, 
 Paristh'mium, Amphihran' chium,, Oldn'dula 
 colli. Tola, Tolles, Toles, To'lium, Tollum, 
 Spongos, An'tias, PI. Anti'ades, Almond of the 
 ear. Almond of the throat, (F.) Amygdale, Ton- 
 sille. An ovoid follicle, about half an inch in 
 length, similar in shape to an almond, and situ- 
 
TONSILLiE PESTILENTES 
 
 851 
 
 TOROSUS 
 
 ate, on each side, between the pillars of the 
 velum palati. '1 he inner surface, projeeting 
 into the isthmus of the throat, is covered by the 
 mucous membrane, in which are the orifices of 
 a dozen cells, whence a transparent,' viscid 
 mucus oo2!es on pressure. This .mucus is des- 
 tined to facilitate deglutition, by lubricating the 
 isthmus faucium j and is forced out during the 
 passage of the alimentary bolus. 
 
 TONSILL^ PESTILENTES, Cynanahe 
 maligna. 
 
 TONSILLAEUM GANGR^NA, Cynanche 
 maligna. 
 
 TONSILLE, Tonsil. 
 
 TONSILLITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris., 
 
 TONSORIUS CULTER, Razor. 
 
 TOOTH„Sax. toe, De7is, Odous, (J.) Bent. 
 The teeth, Dentes, Mord'ices, are small, hard 
 bones, fixed in the alveoli of- each, jaw, and 
 serving to lay hold of, and to cut, tear, and tri- 
 turate alimentary substances. True teeth are 
 found only in man, the mammalia, reptiles, and 
 fish. The teeth have, in general, the shape of 
 an irregular cone, the base of which is towards 
 the interior of the tnoulh ; and the a'pex, single 
 or divided, towards the bottom of the alveoli. 
 Each tooth has a part situate out of the alveo- 
 lus, and CO vered by a vitriform substance. This 
 part is called the crown or cbro 'na. It is bounded 
 by a narrower portion, called the cervia^, (F.) 
 collet, vvhich separates it from the portion in the 
 alveolus^the fang oi root, (F.) ? acine. Jnthe 
 adult, thg teeth are 32 in number ; 16 to each 
 jaw : these consist of 4 incis.ors, 2 canine, 4 bi- 
 cuspidati, and & molares.. (See. these various 
 terms.) - The teeth enclose a vascular and ner- 
 vous pulp, in a central cavity, Caviitas Ful-pie, 
 Cavum Dentis, Antrum denta'le. They are 
 formed of a very hard, compact tissue; and 
 the, corona is covered by a vitreous sub- 
 stance called Enam'el. The incisonand canine 
 teeth are developed by a single point of ^ossifi- 
 cation, the lesser riiolares, by two ; and the 
 larger by four or five. , See Dentition. Re- 
 searches by Retzius, Miiller and others, have 
 shown that the i,vory or Dentine, Substan'tia 
 os'sea of Malpighi, of the tooth consists of tu- 
 bular, fibres, which contain organic deposits of 
 calcareous salts ; and of intertubular substancfe, 
 in which are observed corpuscles or osseous 
 cells of the tooth, called by Professor Owen 
 caleig"erous cells) "which also contain^ earthy 
 salts. Atthe part where the enamel terminates 
 at the cervix of the tooth, the erusta petro'sa, ce- 
 men'tum, or Cortical substance, commences in an 
 extremely thin stratum, passes down and gra- 
 dually increases in thickness towards the extre- 
 mity of the root, where it is generally the thick- 
 est. It is said by Nasmyth to have been traced 
 on the enamel, and Purkinje and Frankel found 
 it lining the cavitas pulpse. They gave it the 
 name Substantia ostoidea. It is the mate'riitar- 
 ta'rea of Malpighi. • In the compound teeth of 
 the herbivorous ,'aniinal, a deposition is found 
 on the surface of the enamel, which has been 
 called cementum.. Miiller, however, regards it 
 to be a deposit from the salts and the saliva, and 
 to be essentially the same as whdt is called tar- 
 tar in the human subject. 
 
 TOOTHACHE, Odontalgia— t. Bush, Xan- 
 thojeylum fraxineum — t. Tree, Aralia spiiiosa, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
 
 TOOTH EDGE, Agacement des dents, Hse- 
 
 modia — t. Paste, Dentifricium — t.Rash,Stroph- 
 ulus — t. Shell, dog-like, Dentalium. 
 
 TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION, Tophus. 
 
 TOPHUS, Toft(s,'Osteot'ophus, Topha'eeows 
 Concretion. A collection of hard, calcareous 
 matter, which forms, particularly, at the sur- 
 face of joints affected with gout; (see Calculi, 
 arthritiq,) and occasionally, in the interior of 
 organs, around the teeth, &c. It likewise 
 meant gravel. 
 
 TOP'IC, Top'ical, Top'icus. A local appli- 
 cation; (F.) Topique. See Local.' 
 
 TOPICUS, Local. 
 
 TOPINARIA, Talpa. 
 
 T0P7Q?7B, Topic. 
 
 TOPLITZ or TEPLITZ, MINERAL WA- 
 TERS OF. Tiiplitz is a town of Bohemia, 
 celebrated for its numerous thermal springs. 
 The watei; contains chloride of sodium, carbo- 
 nate, and sulphate of soda; and carbonates of 
 lime and iroh, &c. ,Temp. 114° tp 122° Falir. 
 
 TopLiTz, Toplitz. 
 
 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY, see Ana- 
 tomy. 
 
 TORCULAR^ tourniquet. 
 
 Toe'culaR Heeoph'ili, The Press of He- 
 roph'ilus, Lechenei'on, Lenos, Lenum, Fowtth 
 Siniis, (F.) Confluent des Sinus, Presspir d'Me- 
 ropMle. A smooth and polished cavity, of ir- 
 regular shape, in which several sinuses of the 
 dura mater meet. It is situate before the in- 
 ternal occipital protuberance, at the union of 
 the three great duplicatures of the dura mater. 
 It has six openings into it : — one above, that of 
 the superior longitudinal sinus ; two below, an- 
 swering to the occipital sinuses; one anterior, 
 belonging to the straight sinus ; and two late- 
 ral, and very broad, which lead into the lateral 
 sinuses; and convey fromthe cavity the blood 
 that has been poured into it by the others. 
 
 TORCULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TORDYL'lUM OFFI-CIN A'LE, Ses'eli 
 Cret'icum, (F.) Seseli de Crete. Family, Vm- 
 bellifers. Ssz. Sy.t^ PentandriaDigynia. The 
 seeds and roots of this Southern European plant 
 are considered carminative and diuretic. They 
 enter into the therjaca. 
 
 TORE'NIA ASIATTCA, Cala-dolo. A 
 , small Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, 
 sweetened with sugar, is said to cure gonor- 
 rhcea. 
 
 TORMENTIL, Geranium maculatum, Tor- 
 mentilla. 
 
 TORMENTIL'LA, T. erec'ta, Potentill'a 
 iormentill'a. Common Tormen'til, Upright Sept- 
 foil, Heptaphyl'lum, Cbnsol'ida rubra, (F.) 
 Tormentille. Family, Rosacese. Sex. Syst. 
 Icosandria Polygynia. The root has a slightly 
 aromatic odour ; and austere, styptic taste.- It 
 i^ astringent. Dose, of the powder, gr. x.to 3j. 
 ■ TORJUENT DM, Ileus, Intussusceptio. 
 
 TOI^'MINA, Strophos, CmKal'gia, Encceli- 
 al'gia, Anile' ma. Anile' sis. Gripes, Mulligrubs, 
 (F.) Tranchies. Acute ,colicky pains. Dys- 
 entery. 
 
 Tormina Celsi, Dysentery — t. Parturien- 
 tium. Pains, labour— t. Post partum, see Pains, 
 labour. 
 
 TORNACULUM, Tourniquet. 
 
 TOROS'ITAS, Corpulen'tia carno'sa, Rab'- 
 itus athlet'irus. Muscular strength, from *oro- 
 sus, ' brawny,'— «ort, ' brawn.' 
 
 TOROSUS, Muscular. 
 
TORPEDO 
 
 852 
 
 TRACHEA 
 
 TORPEDO, Narcosis. 
 
 TORPEF A CTIO UNIVERSALIS, Holonar- 
 cosis. ' 
 
 TORPIDITAS, Torpor. 
 
 TORPIDUS, Narcotized. 
 
 TORPOR, Torpid'itas, Noih'roUs, Parap'sis 
 expers, (F.) Engourdissement, {rom torpere, 'to 
 be numbed.' State of a part which becomes 
 numb, and almpst incapable of motion. It is 
 also applied to a debilitated, sluggish condition 
 of. a part or of the whole of the- body; Aer'gia, 
 {^.} Accablement.. 
 
 ToBPDR, Narcosis — t.of the Colon, see Co- 
 lon, torpor of the — t. Intestinorum, Constipa- 
 tion — t. Soporificus, Nocar. 
 
 TORQUAY. A town in Devonshire, Eng- 
 land, which," on account of the mildness of its 
 climate, and its sheltered situation from the 
 bleaker winds, is a frequent retreat for the 
 phthisical invalid. 
 
 TOR'SION, Tor'sio. ,The act of twisting. 
 Torsion of the extremities^ of bjeeding vessels, 
 Angios'trophe, until the blood ceases to flow, is 
 sometimes' used to arrest hemorrhage froni di- 
 vided vessels. 
 
 TOBTBLLE, Erysimum. 
 
 TORTICOL'LI.S, Obstip'itas, Caput ohsti'-. 
 puTtij Obsti'^a Gervix, Obstip'itas cap'itis seu 
 Colli, Collum obsti'pum, Trachd'agra, Enta'sia 
 Loxia, Lox'ias, Cephalox'ia^Ancylode'rl, Ancy- 
 lode'ris, Rhesbocra'nia, Auchenorrheu'Tna, Rheu- 
 matis'mus colli) Rk, Cervi'cis, Stiffneck, TP'ry- 
 neek ; from torquere, tortwm, ' to twist,' and 
 colliDm, ' the neck.' ■ A variety of rheumatism, 
 seated in the muscles' of the neck, which pre- 
 vents the motion of the head, and causes the 
 patient to hold it inclined to the side affected. ' 
 It is, commonly, of short duration ; usually dis- 
 appearing in a few, days. Rubefacients are the 
 best topical applications. The term is also ap- 
 plied to permanent contraction of the muscles 
 of the neck, which causes the head to be held 
 to one side. The remedy is the division of the 
 contracted muscles. 
 
 TORTOISE, FRESHWATER, ,„GREAT, 
 Hydraspis expansa. 
 
 TORTUE, Testudo. 
 
 TORTURA ORIS, Canine tough. Neuralgia, 
 faciei — ^t. Oris paralytica Linnaei, Paralysis, 
 Bell's. 
 
 TOR'ULA CEREVIS'I^, Saecharom'yces, 
 Mycoder'nia cerevisitz, Crypto.coc'cusfermsnt'wm^ 
 Yeast plant. -One of the simplest forms of ve-- 
 getation, capable, under favourable' circum- 
 stances', of vegetating rapidly, and assisting in 
 producing the fernientation of saccharine sub- 
 stances. The • plant has been found in vo- 
 mited fluids, and in faeces. 
 
 TORULUS GLANDIS, Crown of the gkns. 
 
 TORUS, Muscle— t. Mailus, Metacarpus. 
 
 TOT A BONA, Chenopodium bonus Henricus,. 
 
 TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas. 
 
 TOUCH, Tactus, Tac'tio, Haphe, Kapsis, 
 Palpa'tion, (F.) Toucher. One of the five 
 senses, and that which makes known to us the 
 palpable qualities of bodies, such as their con- 
 sistence, quality, &c. It is seated, particularly, 
 in the hands; and differ^ from tact in being ac- 
 tive. 
 
 TouoH'ME-NOT, Impatiens fulva. 
 
 Touch, Royal. It was at one time univer- 
 sally believed, in England, that the Royal touch 
 would remove Scrofula or King's Evil, (as it 
 
 was thence called.) This superstition is now 
 entirely Exploded. Edward, the Confessor,'wa8 
 the -first English king who touched for the Evil. 
 
 TOUCHER, Esaplie, Touch. 
 
 TOUCHWOOD, Boletus igniarius. 
 
 TOUR'DE MaITRE, Coup de vuAtre. 
 
 TOURBILLON VASCULAIRE, Vasa va- 
 sprum; , ■' . 
 
 TOTJRNES'OL, Heliotropiiim Europseum. 
 
 TOXTRNIOLE, Paronychia. , 
 ' TOtTR'NIQUET, Tor'cular, Tor'culum, Tor- 
 nac'ulum, Pr^'livmi, Prse'lium, Pra'lium seu 
 Prelum arteria'le. Verticil' lum, Fas' da tor'tilis, 
 from (F.) tourner, 'to turn.' A surgical in- 
 strument for Stopping the course of blood in 
 the limbs, by exerting a strong compression 
 upon the principal artery. It was invented by 
 a French surgeon, Morel, in the middle of the 
 17th century; and was modified subsequently, 
 by Nuck, Verduc, Monro, Petit, and Louis. It 
 is used to, suspend, for a time, the circulation 
 in a limb, during* great operations; tp arrest 
 arterial hemorrhage in cases of , wounds ; to 
 compress certain aneurismal and other tumours, 
 &c. 
 
 TOUS-LES-MOIS. A fecula obtained from 
 the root of Canna coccin'ea. It resembles po- 
 tato starch; and may be substituted for arrow 
 root. It is obtained frpm St. Kitts. 
 
 TOTXTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea. 
 
 TOUTE IPICEj see Myrtus jimenta— f. 
 &edne, Sanicula. 
 
 TOUX, Tussis— i. Sleue, Pertussis—*. Bron- 
 ehique. Bronchial eoUgh, Cough, tubal — t. Ca- 
 verneuse, see Cavernous respiration — t. Con- 
 vulsive, Pertussis — t. Quinteuse^ Pertussis — t, 
 Tubaire, Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal. 
 
 TOXICAL, Poisonous. 
 
 TOXICATIO, Poisoning. 
 
 TOXICODENDRON, Rhus toxicodendron. 
 
 TOXifcOHjE'MIA, from t«5/xo», ' a poison,' 
 and 'ai^ict, ' blood.' Poisoning of the blood. — 
 Piorry. " / 
 
 - TOXICOL 'OGY, Toxicolog"ia, from roSixov, 
 <itself from toJov, 'a bow,') fa poison,' and 
 \oyo(, ' a description.' A treatise on poisons. 
 • Tt)XICO'SES,(G.)Toxikpsen,fromT(i5t«f, 
 ' a poison.' A family of diseases, according to 
 the classification of Fuchs, caused by the recep- 
 tion of poisons into the system. ^ 
 
 TOXICUM, Poison, Venom. 
 
 TRABECULA, Corpus callosum— t. Willisii, 
 Chordae Willisii. 
 
 TRABECULjE cordis. Columns carnesB. 
 
 TRABES CORDIS, Columns carnese. 
 
 TRABS, Penis— t. MeduUaris, Corpus cal- 
 losum. ' ' - - 
 
 TRACHE'A, (generally, however, accented 
 Tra'chea,) 'Trache'a Urte'ria, Bronchus, As'pera 
 ar^cria, Fis'tula spiritua'lis, F. pulmoiia'lis, 
 Canna, Syrin'ga^ SyrUnx ; the Wzndpipe, (F.) 
 Trachee artere, fromT^i/uc, 'rough,' and apii;- 
 jiot, ' artery,' composed of aaj, ' air,' and rti^tir, 
 ' to keep.' The trachea is a cylindrical, fibro- 
 cartilaginous, and membranous tube, flattened 
 behind, and situate on the median line, before 
 the vertebral column, from the inferior part of 
 the larynx, as far as the third dorsal vertebra. 
 There it divides into two branches, the bron- 
 chia, which separate to go to each lung. The 
 trachea, the function of which is to convey air 
 to the lungs during respiration, is composed, 1. 
 Of cartilaginous rings, An'n-uli cartilagin'ei, 
 
TRACilEAL 
 
 853 
 
 TRAI<rSFUSION 
 
 Segm^'tci cartilagin'ea, Orhes cariilagino' si, 
 incomplete behind ; situate one above the other, 
 and, kept in situ by a fibrous naembrane. S. 
 Of a mucous membrane, which lines it inter- 
 nally, and contains numerous mucous follicles. 
 
 3. Of transverse muscular fibres, not well 
 marked, which occupy its posterior surface. 
 
 4. Of vessel^, which prpceed from the superior 
 and inferior thyroideal; aiid, 5. Of nerves, that 
 are given off by the pneumogastric and the cer- 
 vical..gapglia. '' 
 
 Trachea Arteeia, Trachest. 
 
 T EA'CHEAL, Traehea'Us. An epithet ap- 
 plied to the respiration as heard through the 
 stethoscope opposite the trachea, larynx, and 
 root of the bronchia : the air. appearing as if 
 sucked in from the cy Under during inspiration, 
 and expelled during expiration. 
 
 TRACH&B ARTkRE, Trachea. 
 
 TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis. 
 
 TRACHELIAN, Cervical. 
 
 TRACHELITIS, Cyflanche trachealis. 
 
 TRACHELIUM AMERICANUM, Lobelia 
 cardinalis. 
 
 TR ACHALO-A TLOIDO-OCCIPITAL, 
 Obltquus superior capitis- — t. Atldido-tasilaire, 
 Rectus capitis lateralis — t. Bdsilaire, Rectus 
 capitis inte'rnus major — Si Sasilaire, petit, Rec- 
 tus capitis interniis minor. 
 
 TRACHE'LO-DIAPHKAGMAT'IC, Tra.- 
 ehelo-diaphragmat'ieus. The 4th pair of cervi- 
 cal nerves, whence the phrenic nerve chiefly 
 arises.^Chaussier. 
 
 TRACHiLO-MASTOIVIEN, Complexus 
 minor — t. Occipital, Complexu§^J. Phyma, 
 Bronchocele — *. Seopidaire, Levator scapulae. 
 
 TRACHELOS, CoUum. - 
 
 TRACHEOCELE, Bronchocele. . . 
 
 TRACHEOPHONY, Laryngophony. 
 ■TRACHEt)PHTHISIS, see Phthisis laryn- 
 gea. 
 
 TRACHEORRHAG'TA, Htsmop'toe s^nSse- 
 mop'tysis laryng&'a, et trachea'lis,fromT^et^sta, 
 'the trachea,' and qnywfjit, 'to break forth.' 
 Hemorrhagefrom the trachea. 
 
 TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotbmy. 
 
 TRACHITJS, Cynanche trachealis. 
 
 TRACHO'MA, Aspre'do, from Tga^-uj, 
 I'rongh;' Gran'ular conjuncti'va^ gran'ular 
 '_ eyelid, (¥.)Asperite des Pawpiires. A rough- 
 ness of the inner surface of the eyelids.; granu- 
 lar eyelids. A variety of ophthalmia^ of which 
 three kinds have been designated : — T. Sa- , 
 htilo'sum, from sand, &c., getting ' between 
 the eyelids; T. carunculo'sumr,- Pkadaro' des, 
 Phadaro'sis, Morwm pal'pebra inter'ncB, frotti 
 fleshy excrescences ; and T. herpet'icum, froni 
 hard justules on the inner surface of the eye- 
 lids. This last is also called i^ido'jis, and Pal'- 
 pebra fico'sa. 
 
 TRACTATIO MANU ARIA, Surgery. 
 
 TRACTORATION, Perkihism, see Trac- 
 tors, metallic. 
 
 TRACTORS, METAL'LIC. Metallic 
 agei^ts, introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of 
 Connecticut, about the end of the last century, 
 to cure diseases. The parts were rubbed with 
 these tractors, and hundreds of thousands of 
 cases were reported to have been cured by the 
 traetora'tion. The aflfections, in which they 
 were chiefly used, were local inflammations, 
 and pains in different parts. The good effects 
 
 were, doubtless, owing to the influence exerted 
 by the mind over the body. The bubble did 
 not exist long. See Perkinism". 
 
 TRACTUS INTESTINORUM, Intestinal 
 Tube — t. Respiratorius, Respiratory tract. 
 
 T'&KGKCKWr'B.A,GuinmiTragacan'tha,.G. 
 Astrag'ali TragacaziihcB, Gum Tragacanth,Gum 
 Dragon; the concrete juice of the Astragahts 
 Tragaccmtha or Astragalus verus, a native of 
 Persia. i^awraVj/, Leguminosffi. Snx. Syst.Via.- 
 delphia Decandria. (F.) Gomme Adragant, Adra- 
 gant. . This gum is inodorous; nearly insipid; 
 of a whitish Colour; semi7transparent,~and stri- 
 ated. It' is in' thin, vermiform pieces; and does 
 not form a smooth, uniform mucilage with, wa- 
 ter. It is demulcent, but is rarely used alone. 
 
 TRAGEA AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamo- 
 mi compositus. 
 
 TRAG'TCUS, Trugien, (Ch.), from Tragus. 
 A small,,flat, triangular muscle, which almost 
 wholly covers the outer surface of the tragus, 
 arising from its base, and terminating at the 
 top of the eminence. 
 
 TRAGIEN, Tragicus. 
 
 TRAGpMASGHA'LIA, Tragomas'chale, 
 .from Tgaysc, 'a goat,' and ,K!t<r5^a^)i, 'axilla.' 
 The strong, unpleasant odour of the armpits. 
 
 TRAGOPHONIA, Egophony. 
 
 TRAGOPO'GON", from zquyas, ' a goat,' and 
 vayan, 'beard.' A genus of plants; Family, 
 CichoracesB. Seas. Sysi. Syngenesia Polyg'a- 
 mia jEqualis.^ (F.) Barbe de Bono; of which 
 the^roots of the Tragopogon porri.fo'lium, Sal- 
 sifi. Oyster root ^iaii the young, shoots of the 
 T. proiten's^. Meadow Salsiji, or Common Goat's 
 Beard, (F.) Salsifis des pres, are eaten as 
 food. . -.the root,of the latter has been used as a 
 diuretic. 
 
 TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga— 
 t. Majus, Pimpinella magna,- , 
 
 TRAGUS, T^ayof, 'a goatj' from its being 
 furnished, in some persons, with hair, like the 
 beard of a goa.t;'llircus, liirquus. A small, 
 flattened, triangular nipple, situate before the 
 meatus auditorius exterrius, which it appears 
 to conceal. It is covered with hair in old peo- 
 ple, whenbe its name. Also, the peculiar goat- 
 like smell of the, Axillse. 
 
 Tragus Matthiou, Salsola kali. 
 
 TRAINASSEf Polygonum aviculare-. 
 
 TRAMIS, Perineum. - . 
 
 _ TRANCE, Catalepsy, Ecstasis.. 
 ' TRANOH&ES, Tormina— t. Vterines, 
 Pains, after. 
 
 TRANSFIGURATIO, Transformation. 
 
 TRANSFORM A'TION, Transforma'tia, 
 Transfigural>tio,' Transmuta'tio , Metab'olt ; 
 from trans, ' beyond,' and forma, ' form.' 
 Change of form. 
 
 TRANSFORMATIONS BE TISSU, (F.) 
 The French pathologists designate thus the 
 change- that occurs .in an organ, the tissue- of 
 which becomes similjir to that of another organ. 
 The chief transformations are cartilaginous, 
 osseous, and adipous. See Tissue. 
 
 TRANSFU'SION, Transfusio, from trans- 
 funder'e, {trans., and fundere, 'to pour,') 'to 
 pour from one vessel into another.' Transfusio 
 San'guinis, Cura Medea'na,-Methsemaehym'ia, 
 Hs^rnatometack'ysis, HsETnometach'ysis, Diack'- 
 ysis, Transplanta'tio Med'ita nova, Okirur'gia 
 transfuso'ria, Exotichsemato'sis . The act o 
 passing the blood of one animal into the veins 
 
TRANSLATION 
 
 S54 
 
 TRANSVERSUS 
 
 of another ; an operation which was formerly 
 u?ed to fulfil various therapeutical intentions. 
 It has been revived' in cases of uterine hemor- 
 rhage ; and, apparently, with some success. 
 
 The ' operation can only be performed, safely 
 on animals having like kinds of blood. See 
 Globule. ' , ' ■' ■ 
 
 TRANSLATION, Metastasis. 
 
 TRANSMUTATIO, Transformation. 
 
 TRANSPIRATIO, Ferspiration — t. Unila- 
 tera,' Hemidiaphoresis. i > 
 
 TRANSPLANTA'TIO, Metaphytei'a.-^ A 
 pretended method of caring 'diseases, devised 
 .by Paracelsus — by making them pass from one 
 individual to another, either animal or vege- 
 table. 
 
 Tbansplantatio, Moriuplastice — t. Medica 
 nova, Transfusion. 
 
 Tbahsplanta'tio Dentis, Insif'io dentii. 
 The act of transplanting a tooth froip one per- 
 son to another. 
 
 TRANSPORT, Delirium. , 
 
 TRANSPOSITIO, Metathesis. 
 
 TRANSP0SIT"I0N, Transpositio', from 
 trans, ' over,' and ponere, ' to put ;' Metath'esis. 
 Change of situation. ' 
 
 . TkInsposition of the Vis'cera,, Folype'ria 
 promis'cua t'^anslati'va, is a congenital vice of 
 conformation, which consists in the viscera 
 being found out pf the situations they ordinarily 
 occupy ; the heart, for example, being ,oh the 
 right side ; the liver on the left, &c. 
 
 TRANSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
 
 T R A N S U D'A'T ION, Transud'a'tio , from 
 trans, ^ through,' and sudare, sudatuTn, ' to 
 sweat.' The passage of a fluid through the tis- 
 sue of any organ, which may collect in small 
 drops on the opposite surface, or evaporate 
 from it. ' 
 
 THANStTDATION, ExOSmOSC. 
 
 TRANSVERSAIRE iPINETIX, Trans- 
 versalis doTsi — t. Itpineux dii con, Semispinalis 
 colli — t. Grile, see Saijro-lumbalis — t. Hfineux 
 du dos, Semispinatus dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVBRS^AL DE LA CONQXTE, 
 Transversalis auris — t. du Nez, Compressor 
 nasi — t. des Orteils, Transv^rsus pedis. 
 
 TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse. 
 
 Teansversa'lis Abdom'inis, (F.) Lomlq-ab- 
 doTninal, (Ch.), Transverse d^l^-Abdomen, This 
 muscle is seated, deeply, on the lateral parts of 
 the abdomen. It is flat, thin, and broader before 
 than behind. It is attached, above, to the car- 
 tilage of the last true rib, and to thosd of every 
 false rib j and, below, to the inner Up of the 
 crista of the ilium ; to. the two outer thirds of 
 the crural arch, and to the upper part of the 
 pubis. Its fibres, moreoyer, are inserted, be- 
 hind, by means of broad aponeuroses, into the 
 top of the transverse and spinous processes of 
 the first four lumbar vertebrie ; and, before, 
 into the linea alba, and the e'nsiform cartilage. 
 This muscle, all of whose fibres have a, trans- 
 verse direction, constricts the belly, and dimi- 
 nishes the base of the chest, by drawing in- 
 wards the ribs to which it is attached. 
 
 Teansveesalis Anticus PEiMtis, Rectus ca- 
 pitis lateralis — t. CoUateralis colli, see Sacfo- 
 lumbalis. 
 
 Transveesa'lis Colli, Transversalis Major 
 colli, Portion of the Sacrospinal (Ch.), (F.) 
 Transversaire. A muscle, seated at the pos- 
 terior and lateral part of the neck and upper 
 
 part of the back. It is attached to the trans- 
 verse processes of the 5 or 6 lowest vertebrae Of 
 the necki and to those of the 4or 5 first dorsal. 
 It extends the vertebrae of the neck, and in- 
 clines theni to its side. ^ 
 TjianSvIesalis Coldi, Semi-^piaalis colli. 
 Teansveesalis Doesi,- Transversorspinalis, 
 X/£ultif'idus Spiv^, Lumho cervical portion of 
 the iSpmffl/,. (Ch.) {Transverso-spi^alis Jjum- 
 bo'rum, Transverso-sviTialisDorsi) Transverso- 
 spinalis Colli,) Mtis'culus sacer, Spinales et 
 transversales lumhorwm, Semi-spinizlis inier- 
 nus, sive Transverso^pinalis , colli pars inter- 
 rea,:(Winslow,) Lomho-dorsi-spinal, &c., (F.) 
 Trdnsversaire epinefix. This muscle, usually 
 called byEnglish anatomists, Multifidus spina, 
 and including all 'the transverso-spinales, is 
 situate in the vertebral gutters, extending from 
 the posterior, part of the sacrum to the second 
 cervical vertebrae. It is thickeir in the neck 
 and loins than in the back and behind the sa- 
 crum. Its use is^to straighten the vertebral 
 column, and to impress upon it p. slight rotary 
 motion. 
 Teansveesalis Nasi, Compressor naris. 
 TRANSVERSARIUS, Transverse. 
 TRANSVERSE, Transver'stis, Transversa'- 
 lis, Transvefsa'rius, from trans, ' over,' and 
 vertere,'' to tarn.'- That which- runs- across : 
 also, that which relates to the transverse pro- 
 .cesses of the vertebrae. 
 
 Teansveese-Aeteey 01' THE Face, arises 
 from the temporal ; passes transversely across 
 the face, in front of the condyle of th^' lower 
 jaw, and gives its branches to the different 
 muscles of the cheek. ' 
 
 Teansveese Fissure, see Liver — t. Liga- 
 ment of the Atlas, Annular ligament. 
 
 Transverse Perineal Artery, Urithro-bul- 
 har (Ch.,) is given ofi' from the upper branch 
 of the internal pudic ; and passes inwards and 
 forwards above the transversus perinaei muscle, 
 as far as the bulb of the urethra, into which it 
 dips •,' — subdividing into numerous branches'. 
 
 Transverse Piloc"ESSES of the Vee'tebejie, 
 (F.) Apopliyses transverses des vertHres, are 
 the bony eminences that jut out transversely 
 and. posteriorly from the sides of the vertebrse. 
 Transverse Sittuee, Sutti'ra transbersa'lis, 
 runs across the face, and sinks iiilo the orbit ; 
 joining the bones of the skull to those «f the 
 face, but w^th so many irregularities and in- 
 terruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised 
 as a suture. 
 
 TRANSVERSE DE L'AB D OilfE2V,Trans- 
 versalis abdominis — t. de I'Oricule, Transver- 
 sus auris — t. du Pirinee, Transversus perinaei. 
 TRANSVERSO-SPINAL.Semi-spinalis col- 
 Ij, Semi-spinalis dorsi — t. Spinalis, Transversa- 
 lis dorsi — t. Spinalis colli, Semi-spinalis colli — 
 t. Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
 
 TRANSVER'SUS AURIS MUSCLE, (F.) 
 Transverse deJ'Oricule, (Ch.) Transversal de la 
 Conque, is often wanting. It is formed of some 
 transverse fibres, situate transversely, behind 
 the.,projection of the helix which divides the 
 concha into two portions. 
 
 Transversus Pedis, Scandula'rius, (F.) 
 Transversal des- Orteils, Metatarso-sous-pha- 
 langien transversal du premier orteil, (Chaus- 
 sier.) A muscle, which arises by fleshy slips 
 from the heads of the metatarsal bones of the 
 three outer toes. Its tendon is inserted into the 
 
TRAPA NATANS 
 
 855 
 
 TREPANNING 
 
 base of the first phalanx of the great toe, being 
 blended with that of the addtK^tor pollicis. 
 
 Teamsveestjs PerinjEI, Leva' tor Ani parvus, 
 hohiorpenneal , (Ch.,) (F.) Transverse du Peri- 
 nie, is placed at the posterior part of the pteri- 
 nteum. It is thin, triangularj and situate trans- 
 versely. Its external extremity is attached to 
 the ramus and tuberosity of the ischium-: its 
 inner extremity is confounded with its fellow 
 of the opposite side, and with the anterior part 
 of the sphincter ani and posterior part of the 
 bulbo-cavernosus. The use of this muscle is, — 
 to compress the urethra, and to support the 
 rectum and bladder. To a fasciculus of this 
 muscle, Santorini has given the name TJre'thra 
 Elevd'tor seu Ejacula'tor. 
 
 Teahsveesus Peeinb'i Altek, Prostat'ieus 
 inferior. A small muscle which occasionally 
 accompanies the last. 
 
 TRAPA NATANS, (F.) Maere flottante, 
 Noix d'Eaw, Gkataigne d'Eaw. Sex. Syst. 
 Tetrandria Monogynia. The plant which affords 
 the Ifuces Aquat'iea, Tnb'uli aquatici, Cal- 
 trops. The nut is considered nutrient and de- 
 mulcent, and is sai~d to be useful in diarrhcea 
 from abrasion of the bowel^, and in calculus. 
 A poultice is sometimes made of it to discuss 
 hard and indolent tumours. 
 
 TRAPEZE, Trapezium, Trapezius. 
 
 TRAPE'ZIUM, OS, TjaweCiov. So called 
 from its shape. Os multdn'gulummajus, (F.) 
 Os trapeze. ' The first bone of the second row 
 ofthe carpus. It is articulated, above, with the 
 scaphoides ; below, *ith the first bone of the 
 metacarpus ; within, with the trapezoides, and 
 second metacarpal bone. Anteriorly, posteri- 
 orly, and externally, it gives attachment to 
 ligaments. 
 
 TRAl'E'ZIUS, Cucvlla'ns, (F.) Dorso-sm- 
 acromien, (Ch.,) Traphze, Oapuehon. A mus- 
 cle, seated at the posterior part ofthe neck and 
 shbulder, and at the upper part of the back. It 
 has the shape of a trapezium ; is attached, on 
 the one hand, .to the inner third of the .upper 
 curved line of the occipital bone ; to the pos- 
 tsrior cervical ligament; ,to the spinous piro- 
 cess of the 7th cervical vertebra; and to those' 
 of all rthe dorsal vertebrae ; and, on the other 
 hand, to the spine of the scapula ; the acromion 
 and the outer third of the posterior margin of 
 the clavicle. Its upper fibres are situate ob- 
 liquely downwards and outwards ; the trans- 
 verse and . inferior, obliquely outwards and in- 
 wards. This muscle elevates the shoulder; 
 carries it backwardsj or depresses it, according 
 as its upper, middle, or lower fibres contract 
 separately. It straightens the hea'd, also, and 
 inclines it to one side. 
 
 TRAP'EZOID LIGAMENT. The anterior 
 part of the coraco-clavicular ligament. It is 
 a very strocg, fibrous fasciculus, which has the 
 shape' of a trapezium, and is situate obliquely, 
 between the acromion process and clavicle. 
 
 TRAPEZOI'DES, OS, Os muUan'gulum 
 minus, Os pyramidti'le carpi, from .T^ffTifL/ov, 
 'a trapezium,' -and uSoq, 'shape or resem- 
 blance.' The second bone of the second row 
 of the carpus,^-sO called from its shape. ■ It is 
 smaller than the trapezium, on the inside of 
 which it is situate. It is articulated, above, 
 with the OS naviculars ; below, with the second 
 metacarpal bone ; on the outside, with the trape- 
 zium; and internally with the magnum. An- 
 
 teriorly and posteriorly, it affords attachment, 
 to ligaments. 
 
 TtiAUBENCUB, Grape cure. 
 . TRAULISMUS, see Balbuties and Blssitas. 
 
 TRAULOTES, see Blfflsitas. 
 
 TRAUMA, Wound. 
 
 TRAUMATTC, Traumal^icus ,Vulnera'rius ; 
 from r^auftx, 'a wound.'- Any thing relating 
 to a wound. 
 
 TRAUMATICA, Detergents. 
 
 TRAUMATIC US, Traumatic, Vulnerary. 
 
 TRAUMATOP'YRA, Feiris traumafica; 
 from Tg*u/4a, 'a wound,' and nvg, ^fire.' A 
 wound fever, or fever consecutive to a wound. 
 
 TRAVAIL D'BNFANT, Parturition. 
 
 TRAVELLER'S JOY, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 TREACLE, Melasses, Theriaca— t. English, 
 Teucrium chamaedrys — ^t. Venice, Theriaca. 
 
 TREAD, Cicatricula—t. ofthe Cock, Mole- 
 cule. 
 
 TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea — t. of 
 Life, Thuya occidentalis — t. Sour, Andromeda 
 arborea. , . > 
 
 TRkFLE D'EAU, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
 
 TREFOIL, Hepatica triloba— t. Rean, stink- 
 ing, Anagyris — tV Marsh, Menyanthes verna — 
 t. Sour, 0}?alis acetosella — t. Water, Menyan- 
 thes trifoliata. 
 
 TREMA, Foramen. 
 
 TREMBLEMENT, Tremor— i. MitalUque, 
 see Tremor. 
 
 TREMBLES, Milk-sicjcness. 
 
 TREMBLING, Tremor. 
 
 .TREMOR, Trefida'tio, Syn'clbmis TreTnor, 
 Tromus, Trembling, (F.) Tremblement, from 
 tremere, ' to tremble.' Involuntary agitation of 
 the body,or of some part of it, without any ob- 
 stacle, to voluntary motion. It depends, gene- 
 rally, upon debility of the muscular, or of the 
 nervous system; andyhence, is observed in con- 
 valescence, and in typhoid affections. . It oc- 
 curs, also, in old people; in hard drinkers; 
 workers in mercury, lead, &c'. : in the last case, 
 it is called by the French, Tremblement mital- 
 liqite, TreTnor ■metaVlicus. Tremor seems to 
 resemble paralysis more than convulsion. See 
 Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio. 
 
 Teemoe Cordis, Hippus,JPalpitation — t; Me- 
 tallicus, see Tremor. 
 
 TREPAN, Trep'antim, Terebel'la, Trip'anon, 
 Pereter'ium,Peretor'ium,Serraversat'ilisfih(en'- 
 icis, CktBuicion, .Ter'^bra, Ter'etron, Teretrium, 
 Vertib'uhim, Trypanon, (F.) Trepan, from tJu- 
 nraoi, 'I perforate.' A surgical instrument re- 
 sembling a wimble, and worked in the same 
 manner. It is used for removing portions of 
 bone, and particularly of th^ bones of the skull. 
 The term trepan- is given' more particularly to 
 the part of the, instrument that makes the per- 
 foration. The handle is so constructed, as to 
 receive different bits, as the CroWn,the Trepan 
 perforatif ox Perite'rion,X\iQ T. exfoliatifoiDe- 
 sgii-amato'rinm trep'a7ium, Sitid the T. abaptis'ta. 
 
 In Great Britain and the United. States, this 
 instrument has been superseded by the trephine, 
 which is more manageable. 
 
 TREPANATIO, Trepanning. ( 
 
 TRlPANATION, Trepanning.' 
 
 TREPAN'NING, Terebratio, Anatre'sis, Ge- 
 phalotripe'sis. Trepana'tio, Try pe^ sis , Tresis, Pri- 
 sts, Pfismus, Fora'tio, (F.) Trepanation. Same 
 etymon. The methodical application of the 
 trepan. 
 
TREPANON 
 
 856 
 
 TRICHIASIS 
 
 TREPANON, Trepan. 
 
 TREPANUM, Trepan. 
 
 TREPHINE. The instrument which has 
 replaced the trepan in some countries. . It con- 
 sists of a simple, cylindrical saw; with.a han- 
 dle placed transversely like that of a gimlet, and 
 from the centre of the circle, describe?! hy the 
 teeth of the saw, a sharp little perforator pro- 
 jects, called the Cetitrepin. The centrepin is, 
 capable of being removed, a,t the surgeon's op- 
 tion, by means of a key for the purpose. It is 
 used to fix the instrument until the teeth of the 
 saw have made a circular groove, sufficiently 
 deep for it to work steadily. The pin must 
 then be remoyed. Sometimes the pin is made 
 to slide up and down, and to be fixed in any 
 position, by. means of a screw. 
 
 TREPHO0SA, Nurse. 
 
 TREPIDATIO, Tremor— t. Cordis, Cardio- 
 tromus. 
 
 TREPON'DO. A weight of three pounds. 
 — Scribonius. 
 
 TRE'SIS, xiri<rti, from -vfta, ' I bore.' Pro- 
 perly, a perforation. A wound. A forcible 
 solution of continuity in a soft part. Com- 
 mencing externally. A genus in the nbsology 
 of Good. 
 
 Tresis, Trepanning, Wound — t. Causis,Burn 
 — ^t. Punctura, Puncture — t. Vulnus, Wound — 
 t. Vulnus laceratum, see Laceration — t. Vulnus 
 simplex, Cut. 
 
 TRESSAILLEMENT, Shuddering. 
 
 TRESSORIA, Episi'on, inia-iiov. A term 
 formerly applied to the hair covering the mons 
 veneris, the absence of which has, by the vul,-' 
 gar, been esteemed a matter of reproach. 
 
 TRI, T51, in composition, ' three.' Hence: 
 
 TRIANGLE M^DULLAIRE, Fornix. 
 
 TRIAN'GULAR, Trigo'nos, Triangula'ris, 
 from tris^ioT tres, 'three,' and angulus, 'an 
 angle.' That which has three angles. 
 
 TEi4jjGni.AR Ligament or Infra-pubian is 
 a ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate 
 transversely beneath the symphysis pubis, 
 which it strengthens. 
 
 TRIANGULA RIS, Depressor anguli oris— t. 
 Coccygis, Coccygeus — t. Nasi, Compressor 
 naris. , ' ' 
 
 Triangula'ris Sterni^ Sterno-costal (Ch.,) 
 Psctora'lis inUr'nus. A muscle situate at the 
 anterior and inner part of the chest, behind the 
 cartilages of the ribs. It has the shape of a 
 lengthened triangle, the base of which is di- 
 rected downwards. ' It is attached to the pos- 
 terior, lateral, and inferior part of the sternum, 
 whence its fibres pass upwards and outwards, 
 and terminate by as many distinct digitations 
 at the cartilages of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and Cth true 
 ribs. This muscle depresses the ribs and con- 
 tributes to e3i;piration. 
 
 TRIBAS, (F.) Trildde, frororgiiSoi, 'I rub.' 
 Frictrix, Fricatrix, Futu'tor, Mas'cula, Suba- 
 gita'trix, Subiga'tor. A female whose clitoris 
 is so large as to cause her to be regarded as an 
 hermaphrodite. 
 
 TRIBUIJ AQUATICI, see Trapa natans. 
 
 TRIBUTUM LUNARE, Menses— t. Men- 
 struum, Menses. 
 
 TRIC.^, Plica— t.Incuborum,Plica—t. Scro- 
 forum, Plica. 
 
 TRIG AGO, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
 
 TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. 
 
 TRICEPS, from tris for tres, ' three,' and 
 
 caput, ' head.' A name given to muscles that 
 have three fleshy bundles, at one of their extre- 
 mities. 
 
 Triceps Adduo'tob Fem'oris. Under_ this 
 appellation are ^comprehended thr^e distinct 
 muscles; Adductor brevis, A. longus, and A. 
 magnus. 
 
 Triceps Auris, Retrahens auris — t. Brachia- 
 liSj Triceps extensor cubiti. , 
 
 .Triceps Crvris, Femora'Hs, (F.) Trifemoro- 
 rotulien (Ch.,) Crural, Trifemoro-tibi-rotulien, 
 Triceps cnural, T. de la cuisse, is situate at 
 the anterior, inner, .and outer part of the thigh. 
 It is formed of three bundles at its superior 
 extremity, viz. 1. A middle fasciculus (the 
 crura'lis of most anatomists.) 2. An exter- 
 nal fasciculus (the vastus externus) and 3. 
 An inner fasciculus (the vastus internus.) It 
 is attached, above, to the anterior, inner, and 
 outer surfaces of the femur, and to the two 
 edges of the linea aspera, froBi the base of the 
 trochanter to within four fingers' breadth of the 
 knee. Below, it terminates by a large tendon^ 
 which is attached to the base and edges of the 
 patella, as well as to the inner and outer tubero- 
 siti^es of the tibia. The triceps extends the leg 
 on the thigh, .and conversely. 
 
 TRICEPS DE LA Ctll^SE, Triceps cruris 
 — t. Crural, Triceps cruris. 
 
 Triceps Exten'sorC u'BiTi,7Wce;js BrocAia'- 
 Zij,.(F.) Scapulo-kumero-olecranien (Ch.), Tri- 
 ceps brachial. This muscle, which occupies all 
 the posterior part of the os humeri, is described 
 as two muscles by Douglas, and as three by 
 Winslow. It arises by three heads. The first 
 01; long head, — long head of the biceps externus 
 of Doa^his, Anconeus major of Winslow — arises 
 frota the anterior extremity of the inferior costa 
 of the scapula, niear its neck, and below the 
 origin of the teres minor. The second head, or 
 short head of the biceps externus of Douglas, An- 
 coneus externus of Winslow, arises, from the 
 upper and outer part of the os humeri, at the 
 base of the great tuberosity — and the third head 
 — Brachialis-externus of Douglas, Ancoiieus in- 
 ternus of Winslow, the shortest of the three, 
 arises from the back part of the os humeri, be- 
 hind the flat tendon of the, latissimus dorsi. 
 These three portions unite about the middle of 
 the arm, so as to form one thick and powerful 
 muscle, which is inserted at the upper part of 
 the olecranon.-^It extends the forearm on the 
 arm, and conversely. 
 
 Triceps Magnus, Adductor magnus — t. Mi- 
 nor, Adductor longus femoris- 1. Secundus, 
 Adductor brevis. 
 
 TRICHtE INCUBORUM, Plica. 
 
 TRICHANGIECT A'SI A, AHgidiectasia, Tri- 
 chpeirsus, from -S^i^, tjh^oc, 'a hair,' ayycio)/, 
 ' a vessel,' and exTocrit, ' dilatation.' Morbid 
 dilatation of the capillary vessels. 
 
 TRICHIA, Entropion. 
 
 TRICHI'ASIS,' Tiichio'sis, Tricho'sis, from 
 3-»i5, Tgij^oc, 'hair.' Morbus pila'ris. This 
 name has been given to several aflfections. 1 . 
 To a disease of the kidneys or bladder, in which 
 filamentous substances, resembling /hairs, are 
 passed in the urine. This is also called Pili- 
 mic'tio. It must be regarded as a variety of 
 Catar'rhus vesi'cce. ,2. To a painful swelling 
 of the breasts, in child -bed women, when 
 the milk is excreted with difficulty : — a disease 
 attributed, by Aristotle, to a hair swallowed by 
 
TRICHILIA 
 
 857 
 
 TRIGEMINI 
 
 acfiident and carried to the breasts thj'ough the 
 circulation ; and 3dly,. To inversion of the eye- 
 lashes. See Entropion. 
 TRICHILIA, Cathartics. 
 TRICHI'NA SPIRA'LIS. Same etymon. 
 A' small species of entozoa discovered in the 
 muscles of voluntary motion. Trichinae consist 
 of very minute cysts, of an "ohlong figure, 
 having considerable resemblance in size and 
 colour to young pediculi, and are somewhat al- 
 lied to the eels found in paste and vinegar. No 
 symptoms have as yet been observed to Be pa- 
 thognomonic of their* presence. 
 . TRICHIOSIS, Trichiasis — t. Distrix, Distrix. 
 TRICEflS'MUS. Same etymon. Capilla'tio, 
 Pissi^rapila'ris. A capillary ffacture, fissure, 
 or crack. 
 TRICHtURIA, Trichocephalus. 
 TRICHOCEPH'ALUS, Trkhoceph'dlus dis- 
 par; irom-^|i|, Tpe;foc, 'a hair,' and tnqta-Kti., 
 * head.* Tiicku'ris, Trichuris vulg/iris, Tri- 
 churi's iV'testina'lis, A&'caris ''tricUtt'ria) Tri- 
 ckiu'ria, Trickor-epkahis hotn'inisy Mastigo^des 
 hotninis^ Lo7ig thread-worm. A worm, from an 
 inch and a half to two inches long; the hfead 
 acute; the body spirally involuted in the male, 
 almost straight in- the female. The trichoceph- 
 alus dispar generally inhabits the caecum and 
 colon, and is rarely met with in the small in- 
 testines. Itgives rise to no peculiar symptoms, 
 and requires the usual anthelmintic trfeatmenl. 
 TRICHOCIRSUS, Trichangiectasia. 
 TRICHOL ABIS, Madisterium. 
 TRICHOLABIUM, Madisterium. ' 
 TRICHOLOGIA, Carphologia. 
 TRICHOlVrA, Capillamentum, Plica. 
 TRICHOMANES, Asplenium trichoma- 
 noides'. 
 TRICHOMATION, Capillamentum. 
 TRICHQMATOSE HAIR, Plica. 
 TRICHOM'ONAS, Tnchom'onad; from «e.J, 
 Tgij^oc, 'a hair,' and i«?v«s, fLonnSot, 'unity.' 
 Ah animalcule- found by M. Donnfe in the mu- 
 cus of the yagina, where cleanliness has not 
 been attended to, and to which he has given the 
 name Trichom'onas vngina'lis,. By some it is 
 considered to be nothing more than separated 
 ciliated epithelium from the uterus. ' - 
 
 TRICHON'OSUS, from »e,>i, -r^tx'?, ^hair,' 
 and toiroi, 'disease.' A disease of the hair. 
 
 TRICHOPHYi'A, Trichophyt'iea, from -Ssil, 
 H'X'^i 'hair,' and ipijeiv, ' to grow.' Remedies 
 that promote the growth of the hair. 
 
 TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Por- 
 rigo decalvans. 
 
 TRICHOSCHISIS, gchizatrichia. 
 TRICHO'SIS, Pila're malum; from ^fii, 
 rj'jfof) 'hair.' Morbid organization or defi- 
 ciency of hair. A genus in the system of Good. 
 Tkichosis, Entropion, Trichiasis — t- Area, 
 Porrigo decal vans' — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Dis- 
 trix, Distrix — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans 
 — t. Hirsuties, Hirsuties — t. Plica, Plica — t. 
 Poliosis, Poliosis: — t. Setosa, Hystriciasis. 
 TRICHOTON, Scalp. 
 TRICHURIS, Trichocfephalus. 
 TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Poly- 
 gala paucifolia. 
 
 TRICUS'PID, Tricus'pis, Trimspida'lis, 
 
 Trieuspida'tus, from tris for tres, ' three,' and 
 
 euspis,' a point.' That which has three points. 
 
 Tricuspid Valves, Val'viila Tricus'pides seu 
 
 triglo'cftines seu triswl'cse, are three triangular, 
 
 55 
 
 valvular duplicatures, formed by the inner 
 membrane of the right cavities of the heart, 
 around the orifice by which the auricle commu- 
 nicates with the ventricle. The elongated and 
 pointed fop of each of these valves is continuous 
 with the chordae tendinese, which set out from 
 the c'olumnae carneiE of the heart. These valves 
 are depressed to allow the blood to flow from 
 the auricle into the ventricle; and are. raised 
 to prevent its reflux into the auricle. 
 
 TRIEN'S, ?/».'<;»« qua'tuor. Thfe third part 
 of a pound. Four ounces, Troy. — Galen. 
 TRIFACIAL, Trigemini. 
 TRIF£MQRO-ROTULIE N, Triceps cru- 
 ris — t. Tibi-t>otuHen, Triceps cruris, 
 
 TRIFOHUlvi ACETOSUM,, Oxalis aceto- 
 sella^-t. Aquaticum, Menyanthes trifoliata — t. 
 Aureum, Hepatica triloba — ^t. Cervinum, Eupa- 
 torium c^nabinum — t. Fibriniim, Menyanthes 
 trifoliata — t. Hepaticum, Anemone hepatica. 
 
 Trifo'liuih Melilo'tds OfficiiJa'lis, Meli- 
 lotnsj Ziotus siflves'tris^ Ser'trula Compa'n0, Tri- 
 fo'lium cahalli'nuTa, Coro'.na 'regia^ Trifolium 
 odora'tumj Common mel'ilot, (F.) Melilut'. ^a- 
 «si7y , Legtiminosae. SEK.S^ysi.DiadelphiaDecan- 
 dria. The infusion or distilled water of this 
 plant has been emplx:<yed in cfases of ophthalf 
 mia. It has also been used in fomentations, 
 glysters, &cV . 
 
 "TEiroLiuM Paluuosdm, INJonyanthes trifoli- 
 ata — t. Palustre, Menyanthes trifoliatEl,» 
 
 TRIGAS'TRIC, Trigas'tricus, Triventer ; 
 fromTjEif, 'three,' and ^.oo-Tijf, 'belly..' That 
 which has three bellies. An' epithet for mus- 
 cles so circumstanced. 
 
 TRIGEM'INI, I'flrg-em'im, from >W«, 'three,' 
 and gem'inus, ' double ; ' ' threefold,' ■' triplets.' 
 The fifth pair of nerves. Pur trigem'inum, Nervi 
 divi'si, J^. gustato'rii, Nervics quintus. Pair 
 quintum nervorum cerebra'ii'iim, iV". trem,ellus, 
 iV. mdcGtus, iV. sympathet'icus me'dius, JY. sym- 
 path'icuS'tnediusyN', anon'ymus, JY, innomina'- 
 tus. Par trium faniculo'rwm^ Trifa'dal, (F.) 
 Nerf gustatif innomine, N^rf a trois pordes, 
 Nerf trijumeau. This nerve arises below, the 
 tuber ann'ulare by one large posterior root from, 
 the corpora restiformia, and by two small an- 
 terior roots from the corpora olivsiria, whence, 
 proceeding forwards to the side of the sella 
 Turcica, the filaments composingthe large root 
 form a ganglion-^the Gasserian. Emerging 
 from this ganglion, the filaments, of which the 
 large root consists, form, with those constitu- 
 ting the small roots, and which had not passed 
 through the ganglion, two flattened trunks, each 
 of which is soon divided intothreebrat)ches, in 
 such a manner, however, that .the first, or oph- 
 thalmic branch, and the second or upper vnaxil- 
 lary, are composed exclusively of the filaments 
 that arose from the corpora restiformia and 
 passed through the Gasserian ganglion ; whilst 
 the third or lower maxillary branch is composed 
 in part of those filaments, and in part of those 
 that arose from the corpora olivaria, and passed 
 on one side of the ganglion without, going 
 through it. The whole, therefore,,, of the i;rst 
 and second branches, and a part of the third are 
 sensiferous nerves, whilst the remaining part 
 of the third — the man'ducatory or mas'ticatory-^ 
 is wholly motiferous, and passes to the ptery- 
 goid and other muscles concerned in mastica- 
 tion. 
 
TRIGONE CiRiBRAL 
 
 858 
 
 TKITICUM JESTIVUM 
 
 TRIGONE C&R^BRAL, Fornix—*. Vesi- 
 cal, see Urinary Bladder. 
 
 TRIGONEL'LA F(ENUM, T. Fa'nmii 
 Gret'cwm, Feri'ugreek; Fa'nugree&,F.<BnumGr)B'- 
 r,um, Bu'ceras, CarphoSyjSgoc"eris, (W.) Fenu- 
 grec. Family, Legmninosae.' Sen. Syst: Dia- 
 delpbia Cecandfia. A native of the south of 
 France. The seeds have a strong, disagreeable 
 smell, and an unctuous, farinaceous taste ; ac- 
 companied by a slight bitterness. They are 
 chiefly used in poultices. 
 
 TRIGONOS, Triangular. 
 
 TRIGON US LIEUT AUDI, see Urinary 
 bladder. 
 ' TRIJTTMEAUX, Trigemini. 
 
 TRIL'LIUM LATIFO.'LIUM, Broadleaf 
 Sethroot, Bethroot, Rattlesnake root, Wakefobin, 
 Coughroot, Indian Balm, Ground Idly, Jews' 
 Harp, Indian Shwrnroeh, Fariswort, Truelove. 
 Sex. Syst. Hezandria Trigjfniia. A plant pe- 
 culiar to North America, vsrhich blossoms in the , 
 spring. The root is astringent, 
 
 There are many species of Trillium all' of 
 which possess the same properties. 
 
 TRIOCEPHALIA, Aprosoei?. 
 
 TRIOR'CHIS, from tjhs, ' three,' and o^x'fj 
 ' a testicle.' One who has three testicles. 
 
 TRIOS'TEUM,, T.' Perfolia,'tum, Bastard 
 Ipecacuan'ha, Fever Root, Feiiervrort, Tinker's 
 weed, Horse ginseng. Ipecac,., Wild Coffee, 
 White ginseng, Gen'tian, White Ge7itian, Sweet 
 Bitter. In very large doses, the bark of the 
 root proves enietic. It is a good cathartic, in 
 doses of twenty or thirty grains. It sometimes 
 operates as a diuretic. 
 
 TRIPE DU ROCHE. Different lichens of 
 the species Gyrophora, inhabiting the "arctic re- 
 gions of America, bear this name. They are 
 eaten as food by the hunters. 
 
 TRIPHAR'MACUM, T^Kpoguoxor. A me- 
 •dicine composed of three ingredients. 
 
 TRIPLET, from triplex, ' triple.' One of 
 three" children born at the same accouchement 
 ■or gestation. Also, relating to triplets — as a 
 - triplet conception.' 
 
 TRIPSIS, Contusio, Trituration. 
 
 TRIPUDIATld SPASTICA, Chorea. 
 
 TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (,bone.) 
 
 CRISIS, Brygmus. ' 
 
 TRISMUS, from^ zqita, ' I gnash.' Enta'sia 
 Trismus, Capis'trum, Tonos Trismus, Loeked 
 Jam, Spasmus seu Rigor seu Tet'anus maxill'se 
 inferio'ris, Gnathospas'mus, Stomatospas'mus, 
 (F») Mai de Machoite. Spastic closure of the 
 under jaw;, a partial tetanus. CuUen makes 
 tvAO varieties — T. nascen'tium, T.nebhato'rumy 
 Sdrrtte, attacking infants during two weeks 
 frsra birth ; ' aiid T. traumaticus, originating 
 from a wound. 
 
 Trismus Cwistb.ktvs, Bredissure — ^t. Catar- 
 rhalis maxillaris. Neuralgia, maxillaris — t. Clo- 
 nicus. Neuralgia faciei-^t. Cynicus, see Canine 
 laugh — t. Diastrophe Sauvagesii, Paralysis, 
 Bell's — ^t.DolorificuSjNeuralgia faciei — t. Maxil- 
 laris, Neuralgia faciei — t. Nascentium, see Tris- 
 mus — t. Neonatorum, see Trismus — t. Sardoni- 
 cus, Risus sardonicus. 
 
 TRISPER'MUM, from Tjfifj 'three,' and 
 antifit, ' a grain or seed.' A cataplasm, con- 
 sisting of three seeds, — outran, bay, and small- 
 age. Gorraeus. 
 
 TRISPLANCHIA, Cholera. 
 
 TRISPLANCH'NIC, Trisplaneh'nicus; from 
 
 Tjeif, 'three,' and tmXayxror, 'viscus.' That 
 which relates to three orders of viscera. 
 
 Trisplanchnic Nerve, Great sympathetic, 
 Intercos'tal, Ganglio^'icnerve, Nerve oforgan'- 
 ic life, Ver'tebral nerve; — named by Bichat the 
 organic nervous system, in opposition to the 
 other nervous parts, called the animal nervous 
 system. Gall terrnsit, the nervous system of the 
 autom,at'ii functions. It is called Trisplanchnic, 
 because it distributes its branches to the orgajis 
 in thethree great splanchnic cavities-^the Jiead, 
 chest and abdomen. It is composed of a series 
 of ganglia, united by intermediate branches, and 
 passing along the siile of the spine to the lowest 
 part of the trunk; communicating, by ahraneh, 
 with each of the thirty pairs of spinal nerves 
 and several of the cerebral nerves ; and de- 
 taching nerves from its several ganglia, which 
 accompany the arteries, and are distributed, 
 particularly, to the organs of involuntary func- 
 tions. At its upper part, it is concealed in the 
 carialis cafoticus and cavernous sinus, and is 
 joined there by a branch of the 6th pair of 
 nerves, and by a twig from the Vidian nerve of 
 the 5th pair. In passing down by th@ side of 
 the sj)ine, it forms three ganglia in th6 neck : — 
 the superior, middle, and inferior; 12 in the 
 back — ihe thoracic; 5 in the loins — the lumhar; 
 and three or four sacral. Whei^ it reaches ;the 
 coccyx it unites with its fellow from the oppo- 
 site side, forming a small ganglion-7-the coccy- 
 geal, Gan'gUon impar, az'ygous gan'glipn. 
 Meckel divides it into tv^o portions — 1. The 
 centred ganglions or central part, composed 
 of the numerous ganglionic plexuses in the ab- 
 dornen ; the cetitre of which is the semilunar 
 and solar plexuses. 2. The external ganglions, 
 Limitrophes or external jport,jvhich /comprise 
 the series of ganglions situate at the sides of 
 the spine, from the base of the cranium to the 
 sacrum. The great sympathetic seems to form 
 a distinct nervous system, destined for the or- 
 gans of involuntary motion;, for although com- 
 municating with both brain aijd spinal marrow, 
 it does not seem to be immediately under the 
 influfence of either. 
 
 TRISPLANCHNITIS,Cholera,(spasmodic.) 
 
 TRISSAGO, Teucrium chamffidrys— t. Palus- 
 tris, Teucrium scordium. 
 
 TRISTEMANIA, Melancholy, 
 
 TRISTERN'AL. Beclard has given this 
 name to the third bony portion of the sternum ; 
 —'that which corresponds to the third intercos- 
 tal space. 
 
 TRISTITIA, Athymia, Mceror. - 
 
 TRltiiEOPHYA AMERICANA.Fever, yel- 
 low. - - 
 
 TRlT^OPK'YES.THtaoph'yajTomrqiTaio?, 
 ' tertian,' and if uto, ' I originate.' A fever, 
 whose type approaches the tertian. " Sauvages 
 gave 'the name- Tritmophya Yratisldvien'-sis, to 
 an epidemic, which broke out in the Prusian 
 army at Breslaw,in the middle of the last cen- 
 tury. 
 
 TRITJEUS, Tertian fever. 
 
 TRIT'ICUM iESri'VUM, 'Summer wheat;' 
 Trit'icum Hybern'wm, Wheat, Pyros, Frument'- 
 itm, (F.) Fioment. Family, Gtaminese. Sex. 
 Syst. Triandria Digynia. Frotn these plants 
 our wheaten flour is obtained, by grinding the 
 
 1 seeds; and to them we are indebted for our 
 bread and pastry. The nutritive propertiee of 
 
TRITIO 
 
 859 
 
 TROCHISCUS 
 
 wheaten flour ^le so well known as not to need 
 comment. 
 
 Bread, (F.) Pain, mixed with inilk, .consti- 
 tutes the ordinary emollient poultice ; — and the 
 crumh^ of bread. Micas pamis, are a common 
 ezcipient for pills and holiised. 
 
 Triticum FAeiNuw, Polygonum fagopyrnm. 
 
 Twt'icum Kepens,- Gra>meri cani'num, Gra- 
 men Dioscor'idis, G. repens, Lolia'ceum radi'cB 
 repen'ti, Dog ^rass. Couch grass, Quiciehs, 
 (F.) Chiendent. The roots are sweet^ and 
 possess aperient properties. They are said, 
 also, to be diuretic. 
 
 TRITIO, Contritio, Trituration. 
 
 TRITURA, Contritio. 
 
 TRITURA'TION, Tritura'tio, Tritu'ra, Tri- 
 tua, Tri'tio, THpsis, from terere, tritum, ' to 
 bruise.' The act of reducing a substiince to 
 powder. 
 
 Tritpeation, Contritio. 
 
 TKlTUS, Contritio, Trituration. 
 
 TRIVELINj.see Liver. 
 
 TRIVENTER, Trigastric. 
 
 TROCAR, Trochar, Acus paracent'ica seu 
 parifcentet'icti, A. triq'uetra vulga'ris, Par- 
 aeen^'ciain, Paraeentete'rion, Corrupted from 
 the (F.) Troisquarts or JVocart, " three quar 
 tersi" so called from the triangular shape 
 of the point, Triq'uetrum : — an instrument 
 used for evacuating fluids from cavities, 
 particularly in ascites, hydrocele, ^ &c. A 
 trocar consists of a perforator or stylet arid 
 a cannula, which is so ' adapted to the per- 
 forator, that, when the puncture is Made, both 
 enter the wound veith fecility ; after which, the 
 stylet being withdrawn, the caniiula remains in 
 the wound and aflbtd^ the fluid a ready passage 
 outwards. > 
 
 TROCART, Trocar. 
 
 TROCHf, Trochiscos. 
 
 TROCHAN'TER, Troianter, Itota'tor, from 
 Tjiti/aai, ' I turn.' Anatomists have given the 
 names — great and little trochanter to two pro- 
 cesses at the upper extremity'of the femur. The 
 great trochanHer, gltitus, is the one on the out- 
 side ; the less is lower downand more internally. 
 Both afford attachment to rotator muscles of 
 the thigh, and hence their name. Chaussier, by 
 the word trochanter, means the 'larger process ; 
 the smaller he calls trochantiv- 
 
 T RO C H A NTE'RIAN, Troehanteria'nus, 
 Trokante'rian. That which belongs or relates 
 to the great trochanter. — Chaussier. 
 
 TRpCHANTIN'IAN, TroHntiie,'ian, Tro- 
 ehantinia'nus. That which belongs ot relates 
 to the trochantin or lesser trochanter. 
 
 TROCHAR, Trocar. 
 
 TROCHES OF CARBONATE OF LIME, 
 Trochisci carboriatis calcis — ^t. of Chalk, Tro- 
 chisci carbonatis calcis — t.Escharotic, Trochisci 
 escharotici — t. Gum, Trochisci gummqsi — t. of 
 Ipecacuanha, Trochisci Ipecacuanhae — t. Li- 
 quoricej Trochisci -glycyrrnizse — t. Liquorice, 
 with opium, Trochisci glycyrrihizae cumopio — 
 t. of Magnesia, Trochisci Magnesiae— t. Nitre, 
 Trochisci nitratis potassae — t of Peppermint, 
 Trochisci menthaB piperitse. 
 
 TROCHIA, Orbit. 
 
 TROCHILIA, Trochlea. 
 
 TROCHIN, from Tgo/eni, ' to turn.' Chaus- 
 sier has given this name to the smaller of the 
 tuberosities, at the upper extremity of the os 
 humeri; because it gives attachment to one of 
 
 the rotator muscles of the arm,— the subscapn- 
 laris. 
 
 TROCHIN'IAN, Troehinia'nus. That which 
 belongs or relates to the trochin. 
 
 TROCHIS'CUS, Fhthois, AMs'cus, ColKx, 
 Colix, Phthois'cos, Rqt'ula, Cyclis'mos, dimi- 
 nutive of Tgojfos, «a wheel.' A'troch or roimd 
 table, (F.) Trochis'que. See Pastil and Tabella. 
 A solid medicine, prepared of powders, incor- 
 porated by means of mucilage, crumb of bread, 
 juicdS of plants, &c. In French nomenclature, 
 the troehisque differs from the tdblette, — the 
 former containing no sugar. This form of pre- 
 paration is adapted for the purpose of allowing 
 the medicines of which the troch is composed 
 to dissolve slowly in the mouth, and to pass 
 gradually into the stomach. 
 
 The Parisian Codex has two formulae for. 
 troches for external use. 
 
 Trochisci Bechioi Nigri, Tr. glycyrrhizae 
 glabrae. I 
 
 ^ROCHiscii Carboija'tis Calcis, Troches of 
 Car'bonate of lime, t. of chalk, Tabella ad ar- 
 do'rem ventric'uU, Lozenges for the heartburn, 
 Tabel'ltB eardial'giea, T. ad sodam,-Trochis'ci e 
 cretA, T. cretd {Ph. XT. S.) {Cret. ppt. giv, 
 acacia^ in pulv, ?j, myrist, in pulv. 5j, facch. 
 in pulv. |vj. M. Torm into troches yvithwater.} 
 Antacid arid absorbent. ■ ^ 
 
 Trochisci e Greta, Tr. carbonatis calcis — ^t. 
 Crctae, T. carbonatis calcis. 
 
 Trochisci vel Pastil'li EiJETi'Na: Pecto- 
 ^A.'i.ES, Pectoral Lozenges^ of Em'etine, {Su- 
 gar, giv, emetine, 32 grains. Form into lo- 
 zenges of 9 grains each.) One is a dose. . 
 
 Trochisci EscHAROT'icijJBicAaro'fSi^rTOcAe*. 
 {Hydrarg. oxyrnur. p. 8, amyli, ]g..i6, mneiiag. 
 g. tragac. q. s. " Make inib troches to which a 
 few drops of laudanum may be added.' Ph. P.) 
 Used in foul ulcers, to remove esiarescences, 
 
 &c. ";" 
 
 Trochisci Eschaeot'ici de Miftio. {Oxyd. 
 plunibi. rubr, p. 16, hydrarg. Oxyrnur. p. 32, 
 mie,panis,f.\W,aq.rosa,(l.s. Ph. P.) Used 
 like the last. 
 
 Trochisci Glycyr"rhi'z.e Glabrae, liquo- 
 rice Troches, Black pectorallozenges, Trochis'd 
 bech'ici nigri. (Ext. glyc. glabr.., gum. acae. 
 aa. p. j. saceh. pnrif. p. ij. .Dissolve in warm 
 water; strain; evaporate, arid form into troches. 
 Ph. E.) Deraulcerit. To allay cough. 
 
 Trochisci GLTCYRRnr'ziE cum O'pjo, T. G. 
 et opii, Trochisci Tkeba'ici, T. sedati'vo-bal- 
 sam'ici, T. peetdra'les^regis Dano'rum, Liquor- 
 ice Troches with Opimm. (^Opii, in pulv. gss, 
 Ext.glycyrrhiz. in pulv., sacchar. in pulv., aca- 
 cia in pulv., aa gx, ol. anisi, f. jij. Make 
 into troches. Ph. V. 6.) Demulcent and 
 anodyne. 
 
 Spitta's Lozenges for coryza, hoarseness, 
 and sore throat are composed as follows: 
 {Cubeb. recent, in pulv. gij, extract, glycyr- 
 rhiz. %\, myroxyl. gj, acacice, giv, syrup, q. Si 
 ut fiarit trochisci,— gr. x. singulis.) 
 
 Trochisci Gummo'si, Gum Trochet. {G, 
 acac. p. v., aTnylij p.- i., sacch. pur, p. xij. 
 Make up the troches with rose-water. Ph,E.) 
 Demulcent. 
 
 Troohis'ci IPEOA0UAN'H.iE, Troches of Ipeca- 
 cuanha. (Ipecacuanh, in pulv. §ss, sacchar. in 
 pulv. §xiv, maranta, in pulv. giv, mucilag, 
 Tragacanth. q. t. Make into troches. JPi. 
 U. S.) 
 
TBOCHISQUE 
 
 860 
 
 TRUNK 
 
 Tbochisci Magne'sis, Troches of Magne'sia. 
 (Magjies, ^iv,,saeehar. Bj, myrist. pulv. gj, 
 mucilag. tragacantk. q. s-. Make into troches. 
 Ph. TJ. S.) Useful in. acidity of the, stomach, 
 with constipation. - . ,- 
 
 Teochisci Menth^k PiPERi'TiE, Troekes pf 
 Peppermint. (^01, menth. piperit. f. gj, sacchar. 
 in pulv. Ibj, mucilag.tragaeantha, q. s. Make 
 into troches. Ph,, U. S.) . Used as a carmina- 
 tive. ' ■ , „' ... 
 
 Teochisci Nitea'tis Pptas's^, Nitre Tro- 
 ches. (Nitrat. poiasscB,p. j, saech. pur. p. iij. 
 Make into troches with mucilage of tragacanth. 
 Ph. E.) Iii,slight inflammatory- sore throat 
 andfever. 
 
 Xkoohisci Pectorales regis Danortjm, Tr. 
 glycyrrhizae cum opio — t. Sedativo-balsamica,. 
 Tr. glycyrrhizae cum opio — t. Stibiati, Tabellae 
 antimoniaJes Kunckelii^-t. Thebaici, Tr. gly- 
 cyrrhizae cum opio. 
 
 THOCHISQUB, Trochiscos. > 
 TEOCH'IJ^E R, from tqoxjiiv, ' to turn.' The 
 larger of the two tuberosities at the upper ex- 
 tremity of the OS humeri; so called because it 
 aflTords iilsertipn to rotator muscles. — Chaus 
 sier. , , 
 
 , TROCHITElt'IAN; in the laiig'uage of 
 Chaussier, means any thing belonging or re-' 
 lating to the trochiter. 
 
 TROCH'LEA,. Trochil'ia, (F.^) Trochlie ou 
 TroMee. A pulley; fromTgo;faa),.'I turn,' — for 
 example,, the articular surface at the lower ex- 
 tremity of the OS humeri; so called from its 
 forming a kind of pulley on which the ulna 
 moves, in flexion and extension of the forearin : 
 also, the cartilaginijus pulley, oyer which the 
 tendon of the trochleajis muscle parses, at the 
 upper and inner part of the orbit. ' 
 
 Trochlea Laetrinthi, Cochlea. 
 TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oculi. 
 TROCHLiATEURj GRAND, Obliquus 
 superior bculi — t. Petit, Obliquus superior oculi. 
 TROCHLAE, Trochlea. 
 TRO'CHOID, from' T?o,;fos, 'a wheel,' and 
 tiiog, 'resemblance.' ' Trochoi'des, Ax'ea com- 
 missu'ra. An articulation, in which one bone 
 turns upon another, like a wheel upon its axle ; 
 as the Atlo'idora£oid articulation. 
 TROCHOIDES, Axea conimissura. 
 TROENE, Ligustrum vulgare. 
 TROISQtlARTS, Trocar. 
 TROKANTEI^, Trochanter. 
 TROKANTERIAN, Trochanterian. 
 TROKANTINIAN, Trochantinian. 
 TKO/fi^E, Trochlea.' 
 TROMOMANIA, Delirium tremens. 
 TROMOPARJVNCEAi Delirium tremens. 
 TROMOS, see ParaLysis agitans. 
 TROMPE, Tubi — t. <^'&ji*acAe, Eustachian 
 tube-^*. de Fallope, Tuba FaU9piana — t. Ute- 
 rine, Tuba F&llopiana. 
 TROMUSi Tremor. 
 
 TRONO, Trunk— t. Brachial, Brachialar- 
 tery — t. Basilaire, Basilary artery. 
 
 TROPvE'OLUM MAJUS, Indian Cress, 
 Nastur'tinm Indicnm, Acrivi'ola, Flos san- 
 guin'eus rkonar'di, Nastur'tinm Peruvia'nurp,, 
 Cardam,in' dum minus. Family, Geraniaceae. 
 Sez. Syst. OctandriaMonogynia. (F.) Cresson 
 des Inde.1, Cresson du Mexique, Capucine. An 
 antiscorbutic. 
 
 TroP-s'olum Tubero'sum, Ulluco. A tube- 
 rous-plant, cultivated in the Sierra, Peru. It is 
 smaller than' the potato. i 
 
 TR0PHALI3, Colostrum. 
 , TROPHE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum. 
 
 TROPH'ICAL, jTroyA'icji* ; same etymon as 
 Trophy. Rektinff to nourishment or nutrition. 
 TROPHIMOS, Nutrition. 
 TROPHONEURQ'SIS, from rQon, ' nourish- 
 ment,', and neurosis,- A morbid condition of 
 the process of nutrition owing to diminished 
 nervous influence. 
 
 TROPHON'OSI, Trophonu'si; from rgofr], 
 'nourishmentj' and voo-os, ta disease.' Diseases 
 of nutrition. 
 
 TROPH'Y, Troph'ia, rpoji;, a sufiix denoting 
 * nourishment or nutritijon,' as 'hygertrophy ; 
 ' excess of nourishment or nutrition.' - 
 
 TROPONU'Sr, Marhi tr'ap'ici, from rjorti/, 
 the solstitial-, or tropical point where the sun 
 turns or alters its course, and vt^uo-os, ' a disease.' 
 Diseases that prevail in the tropics-. 
 
 TROSTER, see Spirit. 
 
 TROV, Foramen— t. Anonyms, Foramen 
 stylomastoideum— i. Aveugle ou Borgne, Cae- 
 cum foi'anjen — t. Borgne of the Medulla obloii- 
 gata. Foramen ceecum of the medulla obloilgata 
 — t. de Botal, Botal foramen. Ovale foramen^- 
 *. Dechire antirieur, Lacerum anterius fora- 
 men — *. Dechire ,postiriei^r, Lacerum posterius 
 foramen^—*. Jtpineiix, Spinale' foramen — t. Men- 
 tonnier. Mental foramen — t. Optique, Foramen 
 opticum — t. Orhitaire iuperieur. Foramen su- 
 pra-orbitarium — *. Orbitaire supirieur, Orbitar 
 foramen superior — *. Ovale, Ova\^ foramen — *. 
 Rond, petit, Spinale foramen-^-t. Sous-orbitaire, 
 see Suborbitar canal — t. Soiis-pubien, Obtura- 
 torium foramen — *. Spheno- epineicx, Spinale fo- 
 ramen — *. Sus-orbitaire, Foramen supra-orbi- 
 tarium. , 
 
 TROUS CAROTIDIENS, Carotiea fora- 
 mina — t. Condylo'idiens, Condyloidea foramina 
 — t. de Conjugaison, Conjugationis foramina — 
 t. de Conjugaison.,'see Vertebrae — *. Olfuctifs, 
 Olfaictory foramina — t. Rachidlens, Spinal fora- 
 mina. , . - 
 
 TROUSSE-GALANT, Cholera morbus. 
 
 TROVSSEAU, Fasciculus. ' 
 
 TROUSSEAUX A:RRlkRE-M£SENJ'£- 
 RIQUES, (F.) A name given by Winslow to 
 the nervous plexus situate between the two me- 
 senteric plexuses, of which it is a dependence, 
 and which descends into the pelvis' to concur in 
 the formation of the hypogastric plexus. 
 
 TRUBS, Lycoperdon tub,er. 
 
 TRUELOVE, Paris, TrilUnm latifolium., 
 
 TRUFFE, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TRUFFLE, ^.ycoperdon tuber. 
 
 T-RUMBUS, Thrombus. 
 
 TRUJWPET WEED, Eupatorium pufpureum. 
 
 TRUNCUS, Trunk. 
 , TRUNK, Trunctis, (F.) Tronc- The princi- 
 pal part of the body,,to which the limbs are ar- 
 ticulated. The trunk has been divided into 
 three parts ; — a superior, the head ; — a middle, 
 the thorax, — and an inferior, the pelvis. These 
 three regions contain the great splanchnic ca- 
 vities. They are united by a; common stali — 
 the vertebral column. To the middle are arti-^ 
 culated the superior extremities ; and, to ths 
 inferior, the lower extremities. 
 
 The trunk of an artery, vein, nerve, or lym- 
 
TRUSS 
 
 861 
 
 TUBERCLE 
 
 phatic is its largest part, which has not yet 
 given off branches. It is, also, applied to the 
 parent vessel, after branches have been sent off. 
 TRUSS, from (P.) troMjser, 'to tie up.' 
 Sracks'rinm, Brachie'rvwm, Sracki'lE) Brachi'ro- 
 lum, Brdoheri' olum, Amma., Hamana, SuUigac'- 
 ulvm, Sabligatu'ra, (F.) Brayer. A hernial 
 bandage for keeping hernia' reduqed. The 
 ancient trusses were inelastic. They consisted 
 simply of a pad and strap. At the present day, 
 elastic bandages are alone employed. They 
 possess the advantage of rhaking an equable ^nd 
 continuous pressure pn the aperture of the sac ; 
 and of yielding to the changes of form in the 
 abdominal parietes. The most important part 
 of these bandages is a piece of narrow steel, 
 flat, and adapted to the shape of the body'. This 
 is the spring, (F.) Ressort. It embraces the 
 body on the side affected7 extends from beyond 
 the spine, and terminates opposite the ruptured 
 part, by an iron plate to which it is riveted. The 
 posterior surface of this plate is furnished with 
 a convex pnd, (F.) Pelote^ adapted in shape and 
 size to the aperture which it has"to clos^. The 
 spring is covered with leather, and its inner 
 surface is padded ; a strap extends from its pos- 
 terior extremity ; passes round the sound side, 
 and is attached to the plate of the pad. This 
 strap is pierced with numerous holes, which 
 allow the patient to tighten or slacken it at 
 pleasure. Trusses have been variously con- 
 structed; and different patents_obtained for the 
 modifications. They all act upon the. above 
 principle. Sometimes they have a double pad. 
 TRYGODES, Feculent. 
 TRTPANON, Trepan. 
 TRYPESIS, Trepanning. 
 TRYPSIS, Friction.-' ^ 
 TSCHERBET, Sherbet. 
 TSIANA, Gostus.' 
 TSJAMPACA, Michelia champaca. 
 TUBA, Tube — t. Aristotelica, , Eustachian 
 tubfr^t. Caeca, Tuba Fallopiana — t. Uterina, 
 Tuba Fallopiana — t. Vocalis, Tube, vocal. 
 
 TUBAL RESPIRATION, see Murmur, re- 
 spiratory.. 
 
 TUBE, Tuba, Trumpet, Salpinx, (F.) Trompe. 
 A name given to some parts which are hollow, 
 and have the shape of a trumpet. 
 
 Tube, Alimentary, Canal, alimentary — t. 
 Eustachian, Eustachian tube. 
 
 Tube; Fallo'piatj, Ttiia Fallopia'nazseu Fal- 
 hpii, Mys'tsrQ&alpinx, Oviduc't'us- muli^'bris, 
 Vas deferens mulie'ris, Tuba uteri'na, T, cceCa, 
 Ductus varico'sics seu Proces'sus laterd'lis seu 
 Mea'tus semina'lis seu . Me'atus semina'rius 
 u'teri, (F.) Trompe d^ Fallope, T. uterine, is a 
 canal, floating in the abdomen, and extending 
 on each side from the superior angles of, the 
 uterus as far as the sides of the brim of' the pel- 
 vis. They are 4 or 3 inches long. Near the 
 uterus, they are straight and very harrow ; but, 
 in their course, they Widen, become tortuous, 
 and terminate by a free, expanded, and jSm- 
 biiated extrsTnity ; called, also. Folia' ceum or- 
 namen'twrn; Morsus- diab'oli, Infundib' ulwm 
 seu Digitatio'ne.s seu Fimbrise seu Vexillx 
 tuba'rum Fallo'pii, Lacin'ise tnha'rum Fallopii, 
 (F.) Morceau f range. Pavilion de la trompe, 
 Morceau du diable. Within, the tubes are hol- 
 Ibw and lined by a mucous membrang : the tis- 
 sue, which it lines, is spongy and erectile. The 
 use of the Fallopian tubes is to conduct the 
 
 sperm to the ovarium, and the fecundated ovum 
 back to the uterus. They establish a commu- 
 nication between the cavity of the peritoneum 
 and that of the uterus, the abdominal termina- 
 tion being termed Qs'tium, ajidomina'le, the 
 uterine, Os'tium uterinum. 
 
 Tube, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary. 
 
 Tube, .CEsophage'al, Stomach Tube. A 
 long elastic gum tube, capable of being passed 
 into the oesophagus or stomach. 
 
 Tube", Rectal. An elastic gum tube, simi- 
 lar to the lasti wlfieh is sometimes passed into 
 the colon, to remove air froni thst intestine, or 
 to enable enemata to be throvyn up into it. 
 
 TutiE, Stomach, see Tube, cesophagea|. 
 
 Tube, Vocal, Tuba voca'lis. The part of 
 the air passages abpve the inferior ligdments of 
 the larynx, including the passages through the 
 nose and mouth. 
 
 TUBER, Hump, Lycoperdon tuber. Tubercle 
 — t. Atlo'ido-oceipitaly Rectus capitis posticus 
 minor— rt. Ciblarium, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 Tuber Cine'be'um. A grayish tubercle, seen 
 at the base of the brain behind the commissure 
 of the. optic nerves, which is continuous with 
 the infundihulum. ' 
 
 Tuber Feomtalej Frontal protuberance — t. 
 Gulosorurfa, Lycoperdon tuber-^t- Gutturosum, 
 Brortchocele — t. Iscido-trochanterien, Quadratus 
 femoris— ^t. Ischii, see Ischiatic — t. Pellagra, 
 Pellagra — t. Tynipani, Promontory of the tym- 
 panum. , 
 
 TUBERA TERR^, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TU'BERCLE, Tuber'eulum, Tuber, Stran- 
 gal'ion, Stran^galis, a Kernel, {wxXg.), a Knot 
 (vulg.), (F.) Tub^reule. A tuniour in the sub- 
 \Btance of organs, from the production of new 
 matter : — sensation niill j growth sluggish. In 
 Pathological Anatomy, ^thet term is generally 
 giveii to a species of degeneration which cpn-, 
 sists of an opake matter, pf a pale yellovv ct)- 
 lour : this, in its crude condition, has a consist- 
 ence analogous tb that pfcPncrete albumen; it 
 subsequently becomes ^oft and friable, aind gra- 
 dually acquires a cepsistence and appears analo- 
 gous to thosfe of pus. Tubercles may be deve- 
 loped, in different parts of the body; but they 
 are most frequently observed in the lungs and 
 mesentery. Pulmonary tubercles, P«iMmfl- 
 phy'mnta, are the cause of Tuber'culur Phthisis, 
 Tuber'cula Fulm'omtm, (F.) Tuhercnles pul- 
 .'monaires. Mesenteric tubercles are often met 
 with' in the . same affection, but particu- 
 larly in Tabes Mesenterica. Laennec 'classes 
 tubercles among the accidental tissues which 
 have no resemblance to the natural tissues, and 
 which never e^tist except in consequence of 
 morbid action. Others consider them as a scro- 
 fulous degeneration. Broussais conceives that 
 they are produced exclusively by inflammation 
 of the white vessels, whose existence, "however, 
 is more than questionable. When tubercles in 
 any organ are few in number, they may pass 
 tb the state of permanent induration withput 
 danger tp the patient ; but when they are very 
 numerous, they usually cause seripus mischief. 
 Dr. Barpn considers that they are ptoduced by 
 hydatids. The morbid conditipn which gives 
 rise tp the develppment of tubercles,. Tubercu- 
 lization, is termed Tuberculo'-sis, Morbus tu- 
 ierculo'sus, Strumosis seu Phymato'sis pulr 
 monvm, and Dyscrasia Tuberculosa. Tuber- 
 cles are seen of various forms, — to wit, in fine 
 
TUBERCULA ARANTII 
 
 m 
 
 TUMOUR 
 
 points, (Poussihe tuierculeuse,') gray and yel- 
 low granulations, miliary tubtercl^s'; and gray 
 or yellow tubercular masses, softened, a&d cre- 
 taceous. ~ ' 
 
 Tubercle, Black,- Melanosis. 
 
 .TUBER'CCiLA ARAN'Tli,.Cor>'-« Aran'- 
 tii, Corpua'cula Aran'tii, Tuberdes of Arantius 
 or Aranzi. Small eminencep at the middle part 
 of the convex edge of the semilunar valves of 
 the pulmonary artery and aorta. 
 
 TuBERcuLA Akthritica, Calculi, arthritic^- 
 t. Cerebri, Encephalophy mata — t. Gfonorrhoica, 
 Gonorrhoea impura — t. HepStis, iffepnto-jtrumo- 
 sie — ^t. Intestinorum, Enterophymata — t. Nerr 
 vorum nodosa,; Ganglions, nervous — t. Parva 
 durae matris, Glaiidulae Pacchioni — t. Peritonaei, 
 Cceliophymata — t. Pulmonum, see Tubercles 
 (of the lungs) ^^t. Quadrigemina, Quadrigeinina 
 Tubercula. 
 
 TUBER'CULAR, Tuber' fuloiis, TuSerculo'- 
 ius, Tuber'culate, (F. ). Tuberciileux. That 
 which relates to tubercles, or which is formed 
 by tubercles. 
 
 Tubercular or Tubercitlous Constitution 
 or Diathesis, Phthisio'sis, is the habit of body 
 which predisposes to tubercular phthisis ; as 
 TubercidQus Cachex'ia, Tuberculosis, Morbus 
 tuberculo^sus, Dyscra'sia tilberculo' sa, is the 
 condition of one labouring under tuberculosis. 
 
 Tubercular Matter. A morbid produc- 
 tion,' contained in cysts, or loose in the iissue 
 of organs. It varies, in its consistence, at the 
 different periods of the tubercular, affection : 
 being, at first, compact,and yellowish ; at times, 
 calcareous ; afterwards- pultaceodSj semi-fliiid, 
 and curdy. See Tuberclis. , 
 
 Tubercular Phthisis is that produced by 
 the development of tubercles in the lungs. 
 
 TUBERCULATE, Tubercular. 
 
 Tuberoulate Sarco'ma of Ab'eRnetht,,&ot- 
 phy'ma Sarcoma tuberculo'sum, Tumor tttbercu- 
 losus. Tubercles, firm, round, and clustering ; 
 pea-sized or bean-sized ; yellowish or brownish- 
 red; when large disposed to ulcerate, and pro- 
 duce a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore. 
 Found chiefly in the, lymphatic glands of the 
 neck; often, simultaneously, in other glands 
 and organs. 
 
 TOBERCULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
 
 TUB ERCULE, Tubercle. r 
 
 TUBERCtTLES BES GLANDES LYM- 
 PHATiqUES, Scrofula—^, du Foie, Hipato- 
 strumosie — t, des Ganglions misenterigues, 
 Tabes mesenterica^t. of the Larynx and 
 Fauces, Pharyngitis, follicular — t. Miliary, see 
 Granulation-i-i. Pisiformes, Mamillary tuber- 
 cles — t. Pulmonaires, see Tubercle — t. Quad- 
 rijumeaux, Quadrigemina corpora. 
 
 TUBERCULEVX, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULIZATION, see Tubercle. 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS, see Tubercle and Tuber- 
 cular Cachexia — %. Iiaryngis et Trache'ae, Phthi- 
 sis laryngea — t. Pulmonum, Phthisis pulmona- 
 lis — t. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
 
 TUBERCULOSUS, Tubercular. 
 
 TUBERCULOUS, Tubercular— t. Disease 
 of the Lungs, Phthisis pulmonalis — t. Dust, 
 Poussiere tuber cultiuse. 
 
 TUBER'CULUM CINE'REUM, 'Ash-co- 
 loured tubercle,' diminutive of tuber ; Fasci'ola 
 cine'rea. A mass of cineritious substance at the 
 top of the calamus scriptorius, which is conti- 
 nuous below with the posterior horn of cineri- 
 
 tious substance in the cord, and upon the sides 
 with the corpus restifprme. 
 
 Tuberculum LACHRYMALE,'-see Lachrymal 
 piincta — t. Loweri, Lower, tubercle of, 
 
 TUBEROSITAS, Tuberosity^t. Tympani, 
 Promontory of the tympanum. 
 
 TUB£KO'SlT£ BICIPITALE, Bicipital 
 tubercle — t. Sciatique, see Ischiatic. 
 
 TUBEROS'IT^Y, Tuberos'iifis, from toiSer, ' a 
 bump,' Anatomists have given this name to 
 an eminence or process, the surface of which 
 is unequal and rough; and which gives attach- 
 ment to muscles or ligaments. 
 
 TUBI MEMBRANACEI, see Villous mem- 
 branes. 
 
 TU'BULAR, Tubula'ris, (E.) Tubulaire. 
 Same etjrmon as the next. Relating to or 
 having tlie form of a small tube. 
 
 TUBULS, Tu'buliis; diminutive ot Tuba. 
 A small tube. 
 
 TURULI BELLINI, Uriniferous tubes— t. 
 Durae matris^ Sinuses of the dura mater ^—t. 
 Pelvis renum, see Calix — t. Uriniferi Bellini, 
 Uriniferoiis tubes. 
 
 tUBULUS, Cannula. " 
 
 TUBUS ACUSTICUS, Ear-trumpet- t.Ali- 
 mentaris, Canal, alimentary — t. liitestinornm. 
 Canal, alimentary — t. Nervorum, Neurilemma 
 ^-t. Vermijiularis cseci. Appendix vermiformis 
 caeci. 
 
 TUCKAHO, Lycoperdon tuber. 
 
 TUE-CHIEN, Colchicum autumnale. 
 
 TULIP TREE, Liriodendron. 
 
 TTTLIPIER, Liriodendron. 
 
 TULIPIFERA LIRIODENDRON, Lirio- 
 dendron tuUpifera. 
 
 TUMEF ACTIO, Swelling— t. Mollis, Puf- 
 
 TUMESCENTIA PITUITOSA, Leiico- 
 phlegmatia. 
 
 TTIMETTR, Tumour — t^AnomaU,see Hsema- 
 todes fungus — (. Blanche, Hydrarthrus^f. Ca- 
 verneuse, see Haematodes fungus — *. Ericepka- 
 loicle, Encephaloid — t. Erectile, see Haemato- 
 des fungus — t. Hemorrkagidle eirconscriie, see 
 Aneurism — t. lyymphatigue des articulations, 
 Hydrarthrus — t. Variqueuse, see Haematodes 
 fungus. ^ ■ 
 
 TUMOR, Swelling:^ t. Albus, Hydrar- 
 thrus — t. Anomalus, Haematodes fungus— t. 
 Artuum, Obdormitip ^^.t. Capitis Sanguineus, 
 Cephalaematoma — ^t. Carneus, Sarcoma — t. Cys- 
 ticus, Encystis — t. Cysticus serosiis. Hygroma 
 ^-t. Fibrosus, Tumour, fibrous — t. Ficosus, 
 Ficus — t. Flatulentus, Emphysema; — ^t. Fugax, 
 see Fugacious — t. Fungosus artieuli, Spina ven- 
 tosa — t. FungosUs sanguineus, Haematodes fun- 
 gus — t.. Gangliformis, Ganglion, nervous — ^t. 
 Genarum, Meloncus-r-t. Genu albus, Genocace 
 — ^t. GlandulsB parotideae, Parotidoncus — t. Lac- 
 teus, Gralactoncus — t. Lardeus, SteatomS — t. 
 Malarum, Meloncus — t. Ovarii, Oarioncus^ — t. 
 Parotidis, Parotidoncus — t. Proslatse, Prosta- 
 toncus — t. Renalis, Nephroncus — t. Sanguineus, 
 Haematoma^ti Squamiformis carnosus, Lepido- 
 Sarcoma — t. Tube'rculosus,TubeTculate sarcoma 
 — t. Tunicatus,Encystis — i. Uteri, Hysteroncus. 
 
 TUMOUR, tiomtumeo, 'Iswell;' Oncos, On- 
 cus,Epar'ma,Epa/rsis,Emphy'ma,Exereicentia 
 (Sanvages,) Ecpky'ma, (F.) Tumeur. Arising 
 or prominence, of greater pr less size, deve- 
 Ipped by a merbific cause in spme part of the 
 body. Cullen defines a tumour to be " a par- 
 
TUNAS 
 
 863 
 
 TURGESCENCE 
 
 tial swelling witHont inflammation." Sauva- 
 ges restricts the term to a rising formed by the 
 congestion of a fluid ; and he calls exereseencea 
 those which have a fleshy or osseous consist- 
 ence. Boyer defines it "any preternatural 
 eminence developed on any part of the body." 
 Good uses it synoiiymoUsly with tubercle. 
 Beyer's is the best general definition. Tumours 
 differ greatly from each other ;, accordirig^ to 
 their seat, the organs interested^their naturej&c. 
 
 The French (ise the term Tumeu'r Uaitche sy- 
 nonymously ifiiihWhite Swelling; — see Hydrar- 
 thms. The term is, however, applied by the 
 generality ofi surgeons to swellings of the 
 greater joints, without change of colour of the 
 skin, and of a more or less firm consistence, 
 which are dependent upon disease of the osse- 
 ous or of the soft parts about the joint. 
 
 Scrofula is the most common cause of these 
 affections. 
 
 Tumour, Ekec'tile. A tumour produced by 
 the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which 
 is susceptible of elevation and depression. See 
 Erectile. " , . , ' i 
 
 Tumour, Fibrous, Tumor fihro'szis, Tnohy- 
 lo'ma. -A tumour formed of fibrous tissue. 
 
 Tumour, Laminated Nacreous Fatty, 
 Cholesteatoma — t. Milk- like, Encephaloid. , 
 
 Tumour, Var'icose, Tumor varico'sus. A 
 ciriumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the 
 dilatation and turgescence of the capillary yes- 
 stils of a part. 
 
 Tumour, Vascular, see Hadmorrhois. 
 
 TUNAS, see Cactbs opuhtia. , 
 
 tunbridge, mineral Waters of. 
 
 A celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, 
 England, a few miles distant from the v1:llage 
 of Tonbridge, and thirty-six miles south of Lon- 
 don, which is much frequented. It contains 
 icarbonic acid,' carbonate of iron, and sulphate 
 of magnesia. 
 
 TUNDA OQULI, Conjunctiva menibrana. 
 
 TUNDUS cordis, Miicro cordis, 
 
 TUNIC, Tu'nica, Chi' ton, a coat. An enve- 
 lope. A name given to different membrapes, 
 which envelop organs ; such are the tunic^ or 
 coats of the eye, -stomach, bladder, &c. 
 
 TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea— t. Acinifor- 
 mis. Uvea — t. Aciubsai, Uvea — t. Adnata, Con- 
 junctiva — t, Agnata, Conjunctiva — t. Alba 
 oculi, Sclerotic — t. Albuginea, Albiiginea — t. 
 Albuginea oculi. Sclerotic — t. AllantoideSi Al- 
 lantois^t. Arachnodes, Arachnoid metfibrane 
 — t^ Aranea, Arachnoid membrane — t. Caduca, 
 Decidua — t. Candida oculi. Sclerotic — t. Car- 
 nosa, Panniculus carnosus — t. CofijUnctiva, 
 Conjunctiva — t. Costilis, Pleura — t. Crassa, 
 Decidua^t. Crystallina, Arachnoid membrane 
 — t. Dura oculi, Sclerotic — ^):.,Durior et crassa,- 
 Sclerotic — t. ElytroideS, Vaginalis tunica — t. 
 Erythroides, Cremaster — t- Exterior ovi, De- 
 cidua — t. Extima oculi, Sclerotic — ^^t. Farcimi- 
 nalis, Allantois — > t. Filamentos'a; Decidua — t. 
 Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus — t. Innomi- 
 nata oculi. Sclerotic — t. Interna oculi. Retina. 
 
 Tunica Jaoo'ei. , A highly delicate "serous 
 membrane, interposed/ between the retina and 
 the choroid coat,' discovered by Dr. Jafcobs, of 
 Dublin. 
 
 Tunica Muscularis, Dartos — t. Nervorum, 
 Neurilemma — t. Perforata, Uvea — t. Praetensa 
 abdominis. Peritonaeum — t. Reticularis, Retina 
 — t. Retiformis, Retina — t. Rhagoides, Choroi- 
 
 dea tunica, Uvea — t. Rubicunda Scroti, Dartos— 
 t. Rubra, Dianthus caryophyllus — t.Ruyschiana', 
 see Choroid — t. Subcostalis, Pleura — t. Thora- 
 cis, Corset — t. Uvalis, Uvea — t. Uvea, Uvea — 
 t. Uviibrmis. Uyea — t. Vaginalis, see Vaginal 
 — t. Vaginalis Linguae, see Tongue r—t. Vagi- 
 nalis Testis Propria, Albuginea^ — t. Vasculosa 
 oculi. Choroid; 
 
 Tunica VAsoui:,o'SA Testis, Fia mater testis. 
 An ejctremely delicate membrane, consisting of 
 minute ramifications of the spermatic Vessels 
 united by cellular tissue, which separates the 
 lobules of the_ testis from ?ach othet. It is situ- 
 ate immediarely within the tunica albuginea, and 
 encloses the substance of the gland. . It sends 
 processes inward that separate the lobules, in 
 the "same manner as the pia irlater is reflected 
 between the convblutjons of the brain. 
 Tunica Vitrea, Hyailoid membrane. 
 TUNICULA, Clitoris. 
 TUNIQUE ALBU(}1n£E, Albuginea. 
 TUNNYFISil, SALTED, Omotarichos. , 
 TUPHLO-ENTERITISjTyphlo-eriteritis. 
 TUPHUS, Typhus. ^ 
 TUPINARIA, Talpa. 
 TURBA H.a:MORRIldIDALIS, see Hae- 
 morrhois. 
 
 TURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
 inind. 
 
 TUR'BINATED BONES, Ossa ttirbinfe'ta. 
 Bones shaped like a top; from turbo or turlev, 
 ' a top.' bsia spon^o'sa, Corniia, Conchx na'- 
 riwrri, Tuf'bines nasi seu na'rinm, Conchyl'ia, 
 Bucci'na^ Lam'ince spdngio'sa nasi, Ossa tertia 
 maxilla superio'ris.r- Very; thin, bony plattes, 
 rolled up in the form of horns, and situate in 
 the nasal fossae, 1.^ Os sjiongio's'um sMpe'Hus, 
 or Cornet de Morgaghi;—^e highest. 2. Os 
 spongiosum me'dium,t\ie middle eornu of French 
 anatomists, — the ethmoid' ai cortm or Os spoji- 
 giosum superius, Os turbindtum, of English ana- 
 tomists, Os convolu'tum superius, Concha, 
 C. na'rium superius, C, Morgagnia'na, (F.) 
 Cornet Moyen. This' bone projects inwards 
 and downwards into the cavity of the nose, 
 from the ethmoid celts at the side of the nasal 
 lamella, and serves to enlarge the organ of smell, 
 ft is convex towards the septum, and concave 
 outwards. 3. Os spongiosum, vel turlinatum 
 inferius, Concha inferior, Convolu'tum inferius 
 OS, Os sous-ethmoidal, (Ch.), projects at the 
 under part of the side of the nose, is convex 
 towards the septum, and concave outwards. It 
 is connected to the oS maxillare, os palati, and 
 OS unguis'. - 4. Sphenoid' alcornii. .•' 
 
 All the turbinated bones extend the olfactory 
 
 'TURBINES NASI seu NARIUM, Turbi- 
 nated J)bnes. , 
 
 TXTRBITH BLANC, Qlobularia alypum — 
 t. Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus— t. Mont- 
 pellier, Globiilaria alypum-rt. Plant, Convolvu- 
 lus turpethum. 
 . TURBO CEREBRI, Pineal gland. 
 
 TURGENTIA, Turgescence. 
 
 TURGES'CENC'E, Turgescen'tia, Turgen'- 
 tia, Orgas'mus, from turgescere, 'to swell.' 
 Superabundance of humours in a part. The 
 term Turgescence of Bile was formerly used to 
 denote the passage of that fluid into the stomach, 
 and its discharge by vomiting. A vital action 
 of turgescence or expansibility— Targ^or vi- 
 talis — has been presumed to exist ill certain 
 
TURGESCENTU 
 
 864 
 
 TYMPANITES 
 
 organs, as in tte capillaries ; but the generality 
 of physiologists do liot admit it., 
 
 TURGESCENTIA, Turgescence> - 
 
 Txjrgescen'tia Vesic'ul* Fg,Li,'EM, Asci'tes 
 Hep'dto-cys'ticus, Thysto'nia Ulit'sa, Hepa^ 
 tal'gi'a- Petilia'na, Cystoce'U bilio'sa, Hydro- 
 ehol'ecys'tis. Hydrops vesi'cm fell'ea, (F.) Hy- 
 dropisie de la Vesicule dfi Fiel, Distension de 
 la Visicule du Fiel, Choficyspiectasie. Disten- 
 sion of the gall-Wadder by bile. 
 TURGOR VITALIS/seeTurgescence. 
 TURMERIC,' Curcuma' longa, Sanguinaria 
 Canadensis. 
 
 TURNING, Versio, V.fatus]hom (F.) tour- 
 M«r, « to turn.' {¥.) Yersion. The oper,atioji of 
 bringing down the feet, ox some part o/ the 
 lower extremity, when the presentation of the 
 child is such that it cannot be delivered by the 
 natural eifotts. 
 
 TURNIP, Brassica rapa — ^t; Di^agon, Arum 
 triphyHum — t. Indian; Arunr triphylltin) — t. 
 Pepper, Ariinl tripWUum. 
 TURNS, Menses. 
 
 TURPENTINE, Terebinthina— t. Bbrdeaux, 
 see Pinus , sylvestris — t. Brianfoo, see Pinus 
 cembra — t. Chio, see Pistacia terebinthus— t. 
 Common, see Pinus sylyestris^t. Commbn, 
 Atherican, see Pinus sylvestris — t.Cyprus, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus — t. Damarra, see Pinus 
 damarra — t. Dombeya, see Dpmbeya excelsa — 
 t. Horse, see Pinus syWestris-r-t. Strasburg, see 
 Pinus picea— t. Tree, Pistacia terebinthus— t. 
 Venice, see Pinus larix-^t. Venice, true, see 
 Pistacia terebinthus— t. ,Whitei see Pinus syl- 
 vestris. 
 
 TURPETHUM, Convolvulus turpethum— t. 
 Minerale,Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t.I^igrutn, 
 Hydratgyri oxydum cinereum. 
 
 TURQUOlSE. This stone has been long 
 imagined to chapge its colour as the wearer is 
 at the time in good or bad health: — a super- 
 stitious notion. 
 
 TURTLE BLO^OM, Ch^lone .glabra— t. 
 Green, Chelonia mydas — t. Head, Chelone gla- 
 bra. 
 
 TURUNDA, Tent. 
 TURUNDULA, Terit. 
 TUSSACA RETICULATA, Goodyera pu- 
 bescens. 
 
 TUSSEDO, Tussis. 
 TUSSICULA, Tussis. 
 
 TUSSIC'ULAR, Titssicula'ris, Tussiciilo'- 
 "us, from tussis, ' a cough.' Relating to a 
 cough, or to a slight cough. 
 TUSSICULOSUS, Tussicular. 
 TUSSILA'GO, T. Fdr'fm-a, Be'cUum, Be'- 
 chion, CaVcbuin equi'nwm, ChaTrndeu'ct, Cka- 
 •m^gei' ron, Fi'liu's ante' patrtm, Farfarel'la, 
 G-allioTnarchiis, Fiirfara, VTussila'go vulga'ris. 
 Far far a Bechium, XTn'gulacahalli'na, Coltsfoot^ 
 (Y.) Pas d'dne. Family ,Coxymhiiexzi. /Sex>. 
 Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. It is 
 demulcent and expectorant, and has , been used 
 in coughs, and pulmonary affections in general, 
 and in some cutaneous diseases. 
 
 TussiLAGO Pet asi't'es, Butterbur, Petasites, 
 Pestilent-wort, Petasites miajor^ P. vulgaris, 
 P. rubens. The roots of this plant have been 
 recommended as aperient and alexipharmic— 
 They have a strong smell; and a bitterish, 
 acrid taste, of the aromatic kind, but not agree- 
 able. ' ' ' ' 
 T U S S I S — diminutive, Tussic'ula, Cough, 
 
 Coughing, Begma, Bex, Tiisse'do, Bexis, Tus- 
 sis nerfo'sa, Catar'rhns, Pv-eusis Tussis, (F.) 
 Toux. Violent, sonorous, frequent, and short 
 expirations; by means of which the air, in 
 passing rapidly through the bronchia and tra- 
 chea, carrjes a,long with it the -mucus of the 
 parts,^ which forms the sputa. The cough is 
 saiid to he dry, when unaccompanied "by expec- 
 toration. It is symptomatic of many diseases. 
 See Bronchitis. ' • , 
 
 Ttjssis Amphemeeih a j Pertussis — t. Bronchi- 
 ca. Cough, tubalj-see Bronchitis— t. Catarrhalis 
 Simplex, ^Catarrh — t. Clampsa, Pertussis— t. 
 Clanajsa, Pertussis — t. Convulsiva, Pertussis 
 — t. DelassanSjPertuSsis — t. Ferina, Pertupsis 
 — t. Pueros strangulans, Pertussis — t. Quinta, 
 PertuSsis-^t. Senilis, Bronchitis (chronic) — ^t. 
 Spasmodica, Pertussis— t. Stomachalis, Pertus- 
 sis — t. Suffocans, Pertussis: — t. Suffocativa, Per- 
 tussis — t., Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
 ■ TUTAM'INA, pi. of Tuta'rpen, 'adefence,' ' a 
 protection,' from tutare, ' to defend.' Parts are 
 so called which defend or protect each other. 
 
 TuTAMlKA Cer'ebri are the scalp, pericra- 
 nium, bones of the skull, and Ae meninges. 
 
 TtrTAMiNA Oc'uLi aic the eyebrows, eyelids, 
 aijd lachrymal apparatus. ' 
 
 TUTENAG, Zincum. 
 
 TUTHIA, Tutia. 
 
 T'U'TIA, Pom'pholyx, Cadmi'a, Alfasd, Me- 
 serft, Capnitis, Tiiihia, Qx'ydumzinei impu'- 
 'rum. Theoxyd of zinc that attalches itself to 
 the chimneys of furnaces in which ores of zinc 
 are srpelted. It is in the. form of gray incrus- 
 tations i and is sometimes used for making'^an 
 eye-salvp'. It is prepared, for this purpose, by 
 levigation. 
 
 TWIN, Gemellus. 
 
 TWINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation. , 
 
 TWINLEAF, COMMON, Jeffersonia Bar- 
 toni. 
 
 TWINROOT, Orchis. 
 
 TWINS, SIAMESE. Two brothers, Chang 
 and Eng, connected by means of a ligamentous 
 band passing from the epigastrium of one, to 
 that of the other, who were' exhibited in various 
 parts of Europe and Atnerica, about the year 
 18^. They are now, (1848,) living in North 
 Carolina : both are married and have children. 
 See Xiphopages. 
 
 TWITCHING, Tic. 
 
 TYCH'-IG A, from tv^k^ ' accident.' Fortui- 
 tous lesions or deformities. The 7th class of 
 Good's Nosology. 
 
 TYLE, Callosity." 
 
 TYLOMA,- Callosity. 
 
 TYLOSIS, Callosity.' 
 
 TYLUS, Callosity. 
 
 TYMMA, Wound. , 
 
 TYMPAN, Tym.panum. 
 
 TYMPANIA, Tympanites.. 
 
 TYMPANIAS, Tympanites. 
 
 TYM'PANI.C, Tympaii'icus ; sjtme etymon as 
 tympanum. Relating to the tympanum, as 
 'tympanic canal.' 
 
 TYMPANITA, Tympanites. 
 
 TTATP^iV/TB, Tympanites. 
 
 TYMPANITES, Emphyse'ma Abdom'inis, 
 Hydrops Tympanites, Affec'tio tympanii(ipa, 
 Ectympano'sis, Pneumato'sis Abdom'inis, Hy^ 
 drops ahdovdnis aereus, Aero'sis, Aero-enterec* 
 ta'sia, Physocce'lia, Tympano'sis, Physe'ma, 
 Physe'sis, Hydrops siccus et Jlatulentus, Tym- 
 
TYMPANITIS 
 
 865 
 
 TYPHUS 
 
 pania, Tympa'nias, Tympani'ta, Tympani'tis, 
 Emphyse'ina Tympanites^ E,' Tympaint'icufn, 
 Meter eorismnsy Tym'pany) MeteotisTn, (F.) 
 Tympanite, I'neumatose pentoiiiiile, Ballonne- 
 ment, from tv/jticljov, ' a- drum;' so called be- 
 cause the abdotnen is dlstende'd with vyind, and 
 sounds like a drum when struck. A swelling 
 of the abdomen, caused by accumulation of air 
 in the intestinal tube or in the peritoneum. 
 Tympanites may be idiopathic pr symptomatic. 
 The former depencls upon exhalation of air from 
 the inner surface' of the intestine, or from the 
 decomposition of substances contained in it; 
 the latter is the result of some organic affection, 
 and often depends upon obliteration of the di- 
 gestive tube, which prevents the, gas from 
 escaping. Idiopathic tympanites may be more 
 readily cured. The symptomatic is usually 
 fatal. On dissection in such cases, the stomach 
 and intestines are found enormously distended ; 
 with strangulation or disorganization of some 
 part of the raucous membrane of the intestine. 
 Carminatives may be proper-when tympapites 
 depends upon atony of the digestive organs: 
 but, in cases of the symptomatic kind, they can- 
 notbeproductive of advantage, and may do harm. 
 'Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity 
 of the peritoneutn — constituting Tympani'tes 
 abdtymvna'lis^ 4-eropiritonie^ of some : — the ac- 
 cumulationin the intestines being called Tym- 
 pani'tes intestinu'lis . 
 
 TYMPANITES, Uteeine, Physometra. 
 
 TYMPANI'TIS, Inflamma'tio tym'pani; 
 from Ti/^ciTiavoii, 'a drum,' and itis, denoting in- 
 flammation. Inflammation of the lining^-mem- 
 brane of the middle ear. Also, tympanites. 
 
 TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites. 
 
 TYM'PANUM, Tv^Lnattv, 'a. drum.' The 
 Dricm or barrel of the Ear. The names Cavity 
 of the Tympanwm. or Cavity of the Drum, Cav'- 
 itas Tym'pdni, Antrum seu cavitas 'antro'sa 
 Aurisj Cavum Tym'pani, (F.) Tympan, Cavite 
 du tympan, Caisse du tambour — have been 
 given to a cavity of an irregtilar shape, whicli 
 constitutes the middle ear, and has been com- 
 pared to a drum. It is situate in the pars pe- 
 trosa of the temporal bone, between the meatus 
 auditorius externus and the labyrinth. This 
 cavity is lined by a mucous membrane; and 
 communicates^ externally, by means of the 
 Eustachian tube, which is sjtuate between it 
 and the pharynx. The tympanum hag six pa- 
 rletes. ,i. An«a;<er»ffi^, which is almost entirely 
 formed of the Membrane of the Drum, Mem- 
 brdna tympard,^J)iiaphrag'ma auris, Mediasti'- 
 num seu Tegitmen'tum, auris^H/Cyrin'ga, My- 
 rinx, (F;) Membrane du tympan — a species of 
 thin, transparent, circular septum ; convex with- 
 in, aiid concave without, which'closes the inner 
 extremity of the meatus auditorius. 2. Ah in- 
 ternal, on whieh are the Fenes'trd ova'lis. Pro- 
 montory j and Fnra'men rotvn'dum. '3. A supe- 
 rior. 4. Ah inferior, on which is the glenoid 
 fissure. 5. A posterior, on which are the open- 
 ing of the mastoid cells, and the pyramid. 6. 
 An anterior, onwhich are ihe Proees'stts coch- 
 leaform'is and the inner orifice of the Eusta- 
 chian tube. The cavity of the tympanum is 
 crossed by a series of four small bones, articu- 
 lated with each other by diarthrosis, moved by 
 certain musoJes, and representing a kind of bent 
 lever extending from the membrana tympani to 
 the fenestra ovalis. They are called the Bones \ 
 
 or Ossicles of the Ear, and are the malleus, in- 
 cus, OS orbiculare, and-stapes. 
 
 For the nervous plexus of the tympamim, 
 see Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion. 
 
 Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra — t. Secun- 
 darium, see Fenestra. 
 
 TYMPANY, Tympanites— t. of the Womb, 
 Physometra. 
 
 TVPE, Typus, Periodus morbi, from Tujrof, 
 'a stamp,' itself from Tvnrm, '1 strike.' The 
 type is the order in, which the symptoms of a 
 disease exhibit themselves, and succeed each 
 other. It may be continued, intermittent, or 
 remittent. 
 
 TYPHA AROMATICA, Aco'rus calamus. 
 
 TYPHICUS, Typhoid. 
 
 TYflllQUE, Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHLITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. . 
 
 TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS, TupMo-enteHtis, 
 .Typkli'tis, Typhloteri'tis, Infiamtma'tiq Ctsd, 
 Phieg'mmotis Tumour of the Ccceam, (F.) In- 
 flammation' du Cceqiim, from, t^^Aoc, cacus, and 
 enteritis, ' inflammation of the, intestines,.' In- 
 flammation of the CEecUpi, occasionally leading 
 to perforative ulceration. 
 
 TYPHLOENTERUM, Caecum. 
 
 TYPHLOPt<, Gfficus. 
 
 TYPHLOSIS, Cfficitas. 
 
 TYPHLOTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis. 
 
 TYPHLOTERON MGNOCOLON, Cscum. 
 
 TYiPHLOTERDM, Gfficum. 
 
 1TPHL0TES, Cscitas. 
 
 TYPHODES, Typhoid. 
 
 TYpHOAMIE ENti.RIQUE, see Typhus. 
 
 TYPHOHiEMIA, see Putrefaction. 
 
 TYPHOID, TyphoUei, Typho'des, Ty'phir 
 cus, Typho'sus, Lac'tica, (F.) Typhique, Ty- 
 phoide, Tvphode. Appertaining to or resembling 
 typhus; as Typhoid Fever. Also, typhus, ac- 
 cording to some. Typhous Fever. Fuchs has em- 
 ployed the word Typhdide for a ftimily of dis- 
 eases, to distinguish them from phlogoses ; oi 
 this family, Stamacaee, Pharyngocace, and Pneu- 
 mocace are examples. 
 
 Typhoid Affection, see Typhus — t. Fever 
 of India, Cholera. 
 
 TYPH0M;A'NIA, from tu$oc„ ' stupor,' and 
 uarm, ' delirium.' , Delirium with stupor, Swb- 
 delir'ium. The kind of delirium common in 
 typhu?. ' ' ' ' 
 
 Typhomania,, Coma vigil. Insomnia. 
 
 TYl'HONIA, Coma vigil. 
 
 TYPHOSEPTO'SES, from To^ot, Cstupor,' 
 and a-ritpic, 'putrefaction.' Typhous affections. 
 , TYPHOSUS, Typhoid.- 
 
 TYPHO.US FEVER, see Typhoid. 
 
 TYPHUS, Semipes'tis, Tiiphus, Febris Ty- 
 pj^o'des, Febris asthen'ica. seU adyjiam'ica, As- 
 thenop'ijra, (F.) Fiivre adynamique, F. atass- 
 ique, F. adynamique ataxique. Typhus d'E?i- 
 ropej from Tuqinc, 'stupor.' A fever characte- 
 rized by small, weak, and unequal, but'usually 
 frequent pulse, with great , prostration of 
 strength, and rriuch cerebral disturban.ce ; its 
 duratidn being usually from a fortnight to three 
 weeks or longer. It is continued fever, accom- 
 panied with great cerebral irritation and pros- 
 tration. (See Fever.) By most writers, this 
 disease has be^n divided into tvvo varieties — ii^e 
 Typhus miliar and Typhus gravior. Typhus 
 Mit"ioe, T. simplex, T. nervo'sus, T. coma- 
 to'sus, Fe'bris lenta nervosa, Blechrop'yrus, 
 F. pu'trida nervosa, F. hec'tica maligna ner- 
 
TYPHUS 
 
 866 
 
 TYROtEMKSIS 
 
 vosa, Nervous Fever, Neurop'yra, Neuropyr'- 
 etus, (F.) Fiivre nerveuse, is characterized by 
 slight shiverings, heavy, vertiginous headache ; 
 great oppression, peculiar expression of anxiety, 
 nausea, sighing, despondency, and coma" or quiet 
 delirium. Typhus Gb.a'vi6e, Typhibs ear'ce- 
 ruTHf r. castren' sis, T. tw.tkropdpkthor/acus. 
 True. Typhus, ExantAemat'ic typhus, Nervous 
 fever with exantlterh,' atous erup'tion,Co7ittt'gii>us 
 typhus, Febris nervo'sa epidem'ica;F.nervo'sa 
 excmthemat'ieof, F. malig'na cwni sopo'te, F. 
 nervo'sa petechia'lis, F. pestiltntia'lis Euro'pce, 
 Typhus contugio^sus exanthemat'icus, T. nos- 
 tras, r. Europce'us, T. covimu^nis, T. bel'licus, 
 T, exanthemat'icus, Pestis bel'lica; Febris pes'- 
 tilens malig'na, Febris nau'tica pestilentia'lis, 
 Febris petechiq'lis. Typhus petechia'iisj Por- 
 phyro'typhus, Pulicula'ris morbus, Febris punif- 
 tiduia'ris, F. Sttprqp'yra, F, cdr^eerum et noso- 
 comio'rum, F. Putrida, F. con'tinens ■pu'tHda, 
 F. contin'ua pu'trida, Septop'yra, Putrid Fever, 
 Jail Fever, Hpspitcfl Fever,- (F.)- Fiivre des 
 Ciimps, F. nautique; F. d'HSpiial, F. nosocomi- 
 als, F, des Prisons, F.,lenticulinre, Typhus con- 
 tagieux, is attended with rigors and heal, alter- 
 nating; little or no perspiration; pulse, tense 
 and hard, usually quick, but -fluttering; pain 
 over the forehead' and vertex; delirium, suc- 
 ceeded by stupor;, signs, of incipient putrescen- 
 ey, — as pet«chiEE, vibices, hemorrhages, &c. 
 Typhlis, under particular circumstances, seems 
 to be communicable by contagion; but if proper 
 attention be paid to cleanliness and Ventilation, 
 there is not much danger of communication. 
 The general principles of treatment, laid down 
 under, the head of Fiver, are" applicable here. 
 All the varieties of continued fever resemble 
 each other in the cardinal points, although they 
 may differ in many of their characters. Venti- 
 lation and cleanliness ; warm or cold ablution or 
 spdngihg; keeping the bowels free; and "attend- 
 ing to symptoms as they may rise, With the 
 avoiding of all irritation of every kind, are the 
 main indications. When symptoms of great 
 prostration occur, the strength must be siJp- 
 ported by wine; and tonics be exhibited, with 
 the mineral acids. Of the tonics, the sulphate 
 of qninia is perhaps as, good as any, whilst it is 
 free from the objection which applies to most 
 others, — of being too bulky. In the whole ma- 
 nagement of this affection, however, the physi- 
 cian has to discriminate carefully between op- 
 pression and prostration. The former may re- 
 quire evacuants; the latter cannot. 
 
 Of late, certain observers have ejideavoured 
 to show, that there is an essential difference 
 between typhoid fever and typhiis ; that the 
 former is an abdominal affection, and dejjendent 
 upon, or connected with, an inflamed or ulce- 
 rated condition of the mucous follicles of the 
 intestines ; hence it has receivefl the names Fii- 
 vre mesenteriqiie, P. typhoide, Maladie ou Af- 
 fiction typhoide, F- entero^m^esenterique, Ente- 
 rite typho-hemique, Typhoem/le evterique, EtUc- 
 ro-mesenterite typhoide, Exanthime intestinale, 
 Dothinenterie, I)othintnteHte, &c., lleo-dicli- 
 dite, Enterite foUiculeuse, Gastro-enterite with 
 nervous affection of the brain. Follicular gas- 
 trO-enteriiii,F. enteritis, Enteri'tis folliculo'sa, 
 Typhus abdomina'lis, T. intestina'lis, T. Spo- 
 tad'icus, Enterotyphus, T. gangliona'ris abdo- 
 mina'lis, Febris intestina'lis ulcero'sa, F, ner- 
 vo'sa gas'trica, F. netvo'sa enter'iea, F. enter'- 
 
 iea, F. nervo'sa mesenter'ica, Enterhelio'sis 
 nervo'sa, Typhus enter'ieus, Ileop'yra, Ileoty- 
 phus. Typhoid affection. Enteric fever. Ac- 
 companying this form of fever there is generally 
 a typhoid eruption, consisting of rose-red pa- 
 pulae, which appear mostly on the abdomen. 
 They are distinct from true petechiae, as "they 
 can be removed by pressure; and distinct ^also 
 ftoin sudaminai which are perhaps the univer- 
 sal accompaniments of sweating, and are con- 
 sequently a' variety of miliaria. The common 
 coritiBUed fever of ^ynochuS of Great Britain, 
 and of this country^ has been presumed by some 
 to be this yariety : but farther observations are 
 needed to establish the distinctions which have 
 been attempted ; and there is reason to believe, 
 that the abdoihinal affection is a complication, 
 existing in certain cases and- epidemics, and not 
 in others. The Red Tongue Fever bf Kentucky 
 is cpnsjdered by Professor Bartlett to "be ty- 
 phoid fever. 
 
 Certain modern French writers have con- 
 sidered the Typhus of the European continent. 
 Typhus of Europe, Piste d'Europk, pestilential 
 fever, contdgibus typhus, Hungary fever, Sos- 
 jrilalfe'iSer, camp fev^r, jail fever, lenticular pe- 
 techial fever, he, to be identital with the ty- 
 phoid affection. They admit but one feVet on 
 the European continent — the typhoid. Typhus, 
 they maintain — but by no ttieans establish the 
 position — to be peculiar to England. 
 
 Typhus Abdominalis, see Typhus — *. 
 d'Amerique, Fever, yellow — t. Anfliracicus, 
 Plague — t. Anthropophthoracus, Typhus-^t. 
 Aphthtfideus, Aphthae — t. Bellicus, Typhus — t. 
 Bengalensis, Cholera — t. Bttbonicus, Plague — 
 t. Carcerum, Typhus gravior — ^t. Castrensis, 
 Typhus gravior^t. Comatosus, Typhus mitior 
 — t. ComrnuiiiSj Typhus — *. Coritagieux, Ty- 
 phus— t. Contagious, Typhus — t. Contagiosus 
 exanthematicus. Typhus — t. d'Europe, Ty- 
 phus — t. of Europe, see Typhus — t. Exanthe- 
 maticus, Typhus — t. Ganglionaris abdominalis, 
 see Typlius — t. GravissimUS, Plague— t. Icte- 
 rodes. Fever, yellow — *. Jaune, Fever, yellow 
 — t. Intestinalis, see Typhus— «. Miasmatique 
 ataxiqve putride jaune, Tevef, yellow-^t. Mor- 
 billosus. Rubeola — t. Nervosus, Typhus initior 
 ^t. Nostras, Typhus — *. d'OHent, Plague — t. 
 Pestilentialis, Plague — t. Pestis, Plague— t. 
 PetechialiSy Typhus gravior — t. Puerperal, see 
 Peritonitis — t. Scarlatinus, Scarlatina — t. Sim- 
 plex, Typhus mitior — t. Sporadicus, see Ty- 
 phus — t. T-ropicus, Fever, yellow— 't.'True, Ty- 
 phus — t. Vesicularis, Pemphigus. 
 
 TYPOSES, see Periodicity.' 
 
 TYPUS, Type. 
 
 TYRANNUS, see Critical days. 
 
 TYRBASIA, Agitation. 
 
 TYRBE, Agitation. 
 
 TYREM'ESIS, Tyrotem'esis, from tu^';, 
 'cheese,' and tfito-it, 'vomiting;' Tyro'sis, Ty- 
 reu'sis. Vomiting of curdy matter, in infants 
 especially. 
 
 TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis. 
 
 TYRIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TYRIASIS, Elephantiasis Arabica. 
 
 TYRODES, Cheesy. 
 
 TYROJtA, Porrigo decalvans. 
 
 TYROS, Cheese. 
 
 TYROSIS, Tyremesis. Also,. the curdling 
 of milk in the stomach; Tyreu'sis. 
 
 TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis. 
 
ULA 
 
 867 
 
 ULORRHAGIA 
 
 u. 
 
 ULA, Gingiva. 
 
 ULATROPH'IA', from nvXm, ' thfe gum,^ and 
 atrophia, atrophy. Sliriiiking of the gums j 
 fallingaway of the gums. 
 
 ULCER, Ulcus, diminutivef Ulcus'culum, 
 Heleos, Eleo'sis, Eteo'md, Helcus, Heleo'ma, a 
 Sore, (F.) Ulcire. A solution of continuity in 
 the sdfl parts, of longgr or shorter standing, 
 and kept up ty sonie local disease or constitu- 
 tional cause. Richerand makes four great dis- 
 tinctions between a wound and an ulcer. I . A 
 wound arises from the action of an extraneous 
 body: — the cause of an ulcer is inherent in the 
 economy. 2. A wound is always idiopathic : — 
 an ulcer is always symptomatic. 3. A wound 
 has «ssentially a tendency to heal, because the 
 action of its cause has been momentary : — an 
 ulcer, on the contrary, has k tehdency to en- 
 large, because its cause persists. ' 4. The treat- 
 ment of a wound is purely surgical ^ that of an 
 ulcer is medical as well. T^he immediate Cause 
 of an fllcer is an augmented action of the ab- 
 sorbents ; and a specific action of the small ves- 
 sels, which secrete pus from the blood. Ulcers 
 have been variously divided, according to their 
 nature ; — ^into simple, sinuous,' fistulous^ fun- 
 gous, gafigi-enous, scorhutic, syphilitic, cance^ 
 rous, inveterate, sctofuioiis, phagedenic, viru- 
 lent, cacofthic, sordid, carioiis, varicOse, &.C. 
 The treatment consists in removing, by appro- 
 priate means, the internal and the lodal causes 
 which keep up the ulceration, anxl in exciting 
 the vessels of the part, where necessary, by ap- 
 propriate bandaging,- &c. 
 
 Ulcer, Malignant, Hospital gangrene — u. 
 Patrid, Hospital gangrene. 
 
 ULCERA INTESTINALIA, Gistreleosis— 
 u. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea — u. Serpentia 
 oris, AphtbsB— u. Uteri, see Metrophthisis— u. 
 Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis^u. Vesicse^ Cystoph- 
 thisis. 
 
 X!L!C'E,RAT'ET),T}lcera'iu:s,Exulcera'tus,Hel- 
 eo'des, (F.) Ulcere. In the state of an ulcer. 
 Affected with ulcers. 
 
 ULCERATIO INTESTINA];.K, Enterel- 
 cosis- — u. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
 
 , ULCER*A'.TION,77Z(;«m'ho, Exulcercttio.Py- 
 ogeu'ia corrosi'va. A superficial ulcer. The 
 formation of an ulcB^ — ^xelco'sis, Eleo'sis and 
 Helco'sis, ' ■ / ' 
 
 ULCM,E, Ulcer— «. du Larynx, Phthisis 
 laryhgea. 
 
 UL'GEROUS, Ulcero'sus, Heleo'des, Hel- 
 coXdes. Having the character of an ulcer. 
 
 ULCERS, EGYPTIAN, ^gyptia ulcera. 
 
 ULCUS, Ulcer — u. Atonicum, Rupia — u. 
 Cacoethes, see Cacoethfis— n. Cancrosum, Can- 
 cer, Chancre — u..Dacryodes, see Dacryodes — 
 u. Depascens, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Fistulosum, 
 Hypqpbora — u. Hypulum, see Hypulus — u. Na- 
 rium fflstens, Oza?na — u. PulmonUm, Phthisis 
 pulmonalis — u. Sinubsum, Hypophora — u. Sy- 
 riacum, Cynanche maligna — u. Telephium, Te- 
 lephiiim — u. TuberculosUmj Lupus — u". Uteri, 
 Hysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea. 
 
 ULCUSCULA PRiePUTII, Herpes prS- 
 putii. 
 
 ULCUSCULUM, Ulcer — ti. Caiicrosunl, 
 Chancre. 
 
 ULE, Cicatrix, 
 
 ULETICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULICUS, Gingivalis. 
 
 ULl'TISi from oi/jiof, 'solid,' (oin^J ovXn, 
 'solid flesh:'>> hence ouJo*, ' tlje gum.' Infiam- 
 ma'tio gingivae, Periodonti'tis gingiva'rum, 
 (F.) Gengivite, Inflammation des Gencives, from 
 odxov, ' the gum,' and itii, denoting inflahima- 
 tion. Inflammation of the gums. 
 
 Ulitis Septioa, Cancer aquaticus. ' 
 
 "ULLUGO, Tropaeolum tuberosum. 
 
 ULMAIRE, Spiraea ulmaria. 
 
 ULMARIA, SpiriBa ulmaria. 
 
 ULMUS, U. cdmpes'tris, Ptelea, Common 
 Elm, (F.) Orme. Family, Amentaceae. Sex. 
 Syst. Peritandria Digynia. The inner, rough 
 bark of this tree is inodorous; and has a bitter, 
 aiistere, and miicilagindus taste. It is consi- 
 dered tonic, alterative and diuretic ; and has 
 been used, chiefly, in lepra stnd other cutaneous 
 affections. 
 
 Ulmhs Ala'ta, Lynn Wahoo. The bark of 
 the root has been Used successfully as a cata- 
 plasm In phlegmonous inflammation. 
 
 Ulmus Ameeica'na, U.fulva, "Rough-leaved 
 Elm, Red Elm, Slippery Elm. The inner bark 
 is highly mucilaginous, and is used in coughs, 
 diarrhoeas, and dysenteries ; also, as a poultice 
 for tumours ; lacerated and contused wounds, &c. 
 
 Ulmus Campestris, Ulmus — u. Fulva, U. 
 Americana. 
 
 ULNA, O'leni, Foe"ile inferius seu majus, 
 Canna ^ra'chii',Os eu'hiti inferius, Osprocubi- 
 ta'll, Cu'bitus, Cuhit, Arun'do hrdchii major. 
 Anatomists have given this name to the bone of 
 the forearm, which forms the prominence bf the 
 elbow, during the flexion of that joint. It is 
 the longer and larger of the two bones, and is 
 inserted at the inner side. Its upper and larger 
 extremity has, behind, a considerable process, 
 called o^ecra«ore; and, before, a smaller one, 
 called coronoid. These two eminences are sepa- 
 rated from each other by the greater sigmoid or 
 semilunar fossa or olec'ranoid cavity, which 
 receives the articular trochlea of the humerus. 
 The tubercle of the ulna is a small, rough spot, 
 under the root of the coronoid process, for the 
 insertion of the Brachialis interniis. On the 
 outside of this extremity of the bone is the les- 
 ser sigmoid cavity. It is articulated with the 
 head of the radius. The inferior extremity of 
 the cubitus, which is much smaller than the 
 superior, and articulated with the radius, has a 
 surface that corresponds to the flbro-cartilage 
 Which separates it from the os cuneiforme; and 
 a pointed process, called styloid. The body of 
 the ulna is manifestly triangular. It isarticu- 
 lated with the os humeri and radras, and, me- 
 diately, with the OS cuneiforme. It is developed 
 by three points of ossification. 
 Also, the elbow. 
 ULNAR, Cubital. 
 
 ULNARIS, Cubital — u. Externus, see Cubi- 
 tal muscles — u. Gi'acilis,' Falmaris longus-^u. 
 Interhus, See Cubital muscles. 
 ULOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stohiacace. 
 ULON'CUS, from ovlov, 'the gum,' and 
 oj/xoc, ' tumour.' Swelling of the gums ; epulis. 
 ULORRHA'GIA, Stolndtorrha'gia, He- 
 
ULORRHOEA 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 morrha'gia gingiva'nim, Ulorrhce'a, from cvXov, 
 'the gum,' and gtiytu/it, 'I breakfocth.' Bleed- 
 ing from the gums. 
 
 ULORRHCEA, Ulorrhagia. 
 
 ULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
 
 UL'T.IMI- STERNAL. Professor Beclard 
 ha? given this appellation to the 6th or last-bony 
 portion of the sternum. He calls it also £»m'- 
 sternal. 
 
 UL;TIMUM MO'RIENS.aast 'dying.' A 
 term giten to the part of the economy which 
 dies'last. 
 
 ULVA CRISPA, Fucus crispus. 
 
 UMBIL, YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum. 
 
 TJMBIL'ICAL-, Umbilina'lis, XJmUlica'tus, 
 from umbilicus, ' the navel.' That which be- 
 longs or relates to the navel. 
 . Umbiwoai,' Arteries, which exist only in 
 the foetus, seem, a^ it were, qontinuations of 
 the primitive iliacs. They clear the umbilical 
 ring, and proceed to the placenta, to which they 
 carry the residuum of theblood sent to the foe- 
 tus by fhe umbilical vein. As soon as respira- 
 tion is established, the blood ceases to pass tjy 
 the umbilical arteries, which become oblite- 
 rated, as well as the vein, and are transformed 
 into two very strong ligamentous cords,: — the 
 vein forming the Ligamien'tum rotun'dum of 
 the liver. 
 
 Umbilical Cord, Funiculus umbilicalis.. 
 
 Umbilical Region, Re'gio umbilica'lis, Me- 
 sogas'triwm, S.e'gio gas'tncu. seu Mesogastriiia, 
 (F.) Region ombilical'i, is the middle region of 
 the abdomen, in which the umbilicus is placed. 
 The sides of this are called ^\i&Jlanhs or lumbar 
 regions. In the umbilical region are the omen- 
 tum majus ; the inferior extremity of the duor 
 denum ; the jejunum ; and the greater part of 
 the mesentery; the aorta; vena cava;the trunks 
 of the renal arteries and veins ; the origin of the 
 spermatic arteries, &c. 
 
 Umbilical Ring, A7i'mtlus wn^hilica'lis, (F.) 
 Anrntau ombilical, is a fibrous ring which sur- 
 rounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and 
 through which umbilical hernia occurs in 
 children. , 
 
 ■ Umbilical Vessels, (F.) Vaisseaux ombili- 
 caua;, include the two arteries, and umbilical 
 vein. The umbilical vein arises from the pla- 
 centa, and terminates at the fissure on the infe- 
 rior surface of the liver of the foetus, to which 
 it conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition. 
 
 UMBILICALIS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILICATUS, Umbilical. 
 
 UMBILICUS, Umbo, Om'pkalos, VmUK'- 
 eum, Radix ventris, Mesompha'lium, ^Mesom'- 
 phalu>n,Protme'sis, (navel of. a newborn child;) 
 the navel ; from -ztmjo, 'the button or promi- 
 nence in the midstof a buckler,' or from 'v/i^a- 
 Xot, or rather o//.if,a.\i!, which signifies the same, 
 as well as the navel; (F.) Ombilic, N.ombril. 
 A round cicatrix, about the median line. of the 
 abdomen. It is in the situation of an aperture, 
 which, in the fiEtus, affords passage to the ves- 
 sels of the umbilical cord. 
 
 Umbilicus Mari'nus, Votyle'don marina, 
 Andro'sace, Acetab'ulum inarintim, Andro'sace 
 Matthi'oli, Fungus petrx'us marinns. A sub- 
 marine production, found on the rocks and the 
 shells of fishes, in the south of France. It is 
 reputed to be anthelmintic and diuretic. 
 
 UMBO, Elbow, Umbilicus. 
 
 UMBRELLA TREE, Magnolia tripetala. 
 
 UNO ARIA GAMBIR, Nauclea Gambir. 
 UNCAS, INDIAN, Veratrum viride. 
 UNCIA, Ounce. 
 
 UN'CIFORM, Unci for' mis, XTndna'tus, from 
 uncus, 'a hook,' and forma, 'shape.'" That 
 which has the shape of a hook. 
 
 Unciform Bone, Os TJiiciformH, Os kdma'- 
 turn, Os uncina'tum,. (F.) Os croch.u. The 
 fourth bone of the second row of th« carpus. 
 Itsshape is very irregular. Inwards and for- 
 wards, it has a considerable eWinence, which 
 is curved upon itself, aud gives attachment to 
 the ' annular ligament of the carpusw It is ar- 
 ticulated with the OS semilunare, os magnum, 
 OS cuneiforme, and the 4th and Sth metacarpal 
 bone's. It is deiJ-eloped from^a single ^oint of 
 ossification, 
 
 Unciform Eminence, Hippocampus miiior. 
 
 UNCINAtUS, Urifeiform.- 
 
 UNCINUS, Hook. 
 
 UNCTIO, Inunction. 
 
 UNCTION, Unguentum hydrargyri. 
 
 UNC0S,,Hook. , 
 
 UNDERCLIFF,1SLE OF WIGHT, ENG- 
 LAND, (CLIMATE OF.) The Cndercliff 
 comprehends a tract of country frorn Dunnose 
 to St. ■Catherine's Hill, on the south-east coast, 
 aliout six miles in length, and from a quarter to 
 half a mile in breadth. It is well protected ftom 
 the colder winds ;- and the. climate is remarka- 
 bly equable, as well as mild and dry, so that 
 there are riot many days during .the winter in 
 which the invalid cannot, take some exercise in 
 tbe open air. It is an excellent climate for the 
 pulmbnary valetudinarian. 
 
 UNDIM'IA'. a name given, by Paracelsus, 
 to -a tumour; filled with a gelatinous matter, 
 like the white of an egg. 
 
 UNDOSUS,Cymatodes. 
 
 UNDULATIO, Fluctuation. 
 
 - UNEDO, Arbutus unedo — u. Papyracea, Ar- 
 butus unedo. 
 
 - UNGUEAL MATRIX, see Nail. 
 UNGUEN, Unguentum— "u. Articulare, Sy- 
 novia. 
 
 UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoplochrysma. 
 UNGUENT ARIA, see MyristiCa moschata. 
 
 UNGUENTA'RIUS, Jlfyropiz'Mi, A?pre/«;»*. 
 Myrofo'les, Myropo'lus, Pigmenta'rius; from 
 ungiierttum, 'an ointment.' One lyho makes 
 and sells ointments. A perfumer. 
 
 UNGUEN'TUM, rr«g«c«, Myron, (F.) On- 
 guent, from ungere, ' to anoint.' Ointment. 
 Ointments are topical applications, of a consis- 
 tence mote or less analogous to that of lard. 
 They are used, chiefly, a^ local applications to 
 ulcers and wounds ; but are sometime^ rubbed 
 upon a part, in cutaneous eifiections ; and es- 
 pecially, where it is desired that tht constitu- 
 ents of the ointment should be absorbed. Oint- 
 ments are of less consistence than cerates, 
 although the terms are often used indiscrimi- 
 nately. 
 
 Unguen'ttim Ao"iiii Nitro'si, Ointment of 
 Nitrous Add, Foma'tum vel Unguen'tum Nit'- 
 ricum ve\ Oxygena'tiim, (F.) Eommade oxygi- 
 nie, Graissp, oxyginee, Pommade d'Alyon. 
 (Adip. suillas, Bj, acid, nitros. gvj. Melt the 
 fat and rub in the acid gradually, till cold. 
 Pk. B.) Stimulant. Used in itch and other 
 cutaneous eruptions, and in foul ulcers. 
 
 Unguentum Adip6cee2b Cetorum, Ceiatom 
 
UNGOENTUM 
 
 UNGTJENTUM 
 
 eetacei — u. ^^gyptiaeum, Linimentum arugi- 
 nis— tU- ^gyptiyitn album, Crinomyron — u. Al- 
 bum, Ungiientum eetacei — u. Album Resolvens, 
 Linimentum ammonias fortius. ' 
 
 Unguentum de AhT-amX, MarshmaVlow Oint- 
 me^, U- de TeieHn'thind et c$r&, Cera'tum de 
 Althfe&, Emplas'irwm mnpilagino'su^j £. emol'- 
 lims, E. cit'Hnum, E. flavum, E. de Althaa,, 
 XTngHentum' Jlavwm^ 77. di'rinvm, 11. resi'ncB 
 pini sylves'tris Jiompos'itum seu resnmptivum 
 seu leniti'vnm, (F.) Onguent de guimauve^ O. 
 d'althea. ~ (Olei de mucilaginiiiis, 1000 Tp., ceras 
 fl(W.eBy 250 p., resincB terehinthin,, ail 125 p» 
 I^iquefy; strain and stir till Cold. Fh, P.) 
 Common Olive oil might be substituted for the 
 Oil of Mucilages , 
 
 ]D'NSDEHTDMAMYGDALiNTJM,CeratumGaleni. 
 
 Unquemtum: Antimo'h.ii, ,U. A.Ta'tariza'ti, 
 IT, A. Potassio-tar'tratiS) V. tar'tari emet^ici^ 
 Ointment of tar'tarized ap'timony. (^Antimon. 
 et potass, tartrat. Ijij, adipis ^j.) If a drachm 
 of this ointment be rubbed upon any part, night 
 and .raarBing, it will, excite, in a few days, a 
 painful pustular eruption. Hence, it is em- 
 , ployed as a counter-irritant. This preparation 
 is also called Ung. Tar'tari stibia'ti s^u emet'^ 
 ici, Xing, e Tar'taro stibi^'to, ^Adeps Tartart 
 stibii Tnedica'tusj Ung. Tar'tratis Potass' ce sti- 
 bia'ti, (F.) Pommade d'Autenrieth, Pdmnmde 
 stibiie. . . ' ! ' 
 
 Unguentum Antimonii PoTASsio-TAE.TRATis, 
 TTngnentnm antimonii — u. Antimpnii tartari- 
 zati, TJ. antimoniir^u. Antipernium, see Anti- 
 pernius. , . ■ 
 
 Unguentum Aqu^e.Rosjj^ Ointment of Rose 
 water. Cold cream.. i^Aq. RosEB, ol- am/ygdal. ^2. f. 
 ^ij ; caiacei, §ss \eera 'albs, gj. Melt together, 
 in a water bath, the oil, spermaceti and wax ; 
 then add the rose water, and stir until it is cold. 
 Ph. U.S.) Cooling to irritated surfaces. 
 
 Unguentum ARM:ABiui!t,;.Hoplochrysma — u. 
 Arthartitffij see Arthanita— n. Articulare, Syho- 
 via^-u. Basilicon fl'avum, Ceratum resTnae — u. 
 Basilicon nigrum, Unguentum resinse nigrae^u'. 
 Basilicum viride, Unguentum subaeetatis cupri 
 — u. Cantharidis, Unguentum lyttas. 
 
 Unguen'tum CEJiiEi {albee vel Jlavce) Wax 
 OintmeiU, ' XJ/igventum simplex, lAnim^n'tum 
 simplex, Oil and Mees' WaXy'iT .J Onguent de 
 eiie. (Cej'a! I6j, adipis Wv. Ph. U. S. or — cerm 
 "^iy, ol. oliv. ^v.j) Emollient. A mild dress- 
 ing. ' Also, the basis of mos't of the compound 
 ointments. , , 
 
 Ungtjentum- Ceeatdm, Ceratum Galeni-^u. 
 Cerussae,' Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi, Un- 
 guentum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. derussffi 
 acetatae, Ceratum plurhbi ' superacetatis, U. 
 plumbi superacetatis-^u. Citrinum, U. ,de al- 
 thaei, U. hydrargyri nitrati^. ■ 
 
 Umguentum Ceta'oei, Ungnentmrn Sper'ma- 
 tis Ceti, V. album, lAnimen^twm. album, Sper- 
 mace'ti ointment, (F.) Onguent de blanc de ba- 
 leine. {Cetaeei .^vj, cera albce giv, ol. oliii. f. 
 giij. Ph.L.) The ordinary dressing for blisters 
 and excoriations; 
 
 Unguen'tum Ceeaso'ti, Ointment of Cre^a- 
 sote. (Creasot. f. J^ss; adipis, _^j. Add the 
 creasote to the lard previously melted with a 
 moderate heat, and stir constantly till cold. 
 PA. XT. S.) Used in chronic cutaneous affec- 
 tions. 
 
 Unguentum Cupe-i Subaoetatis, Unguen- 
 tum subaeetatis cupri. 
 
 Unguentum Digesti'vum Simplex, XT, Te^ 
 rebin'tKiuiS et ovo'rum viiel'li. Simple digestive 
 ointment, {'F.) Onguent digestif simple, {Tere- 
 binthin. pur. 64 p. Vitell, over. No. 2, vel 32 
 p. Mix, for a long time, in a glass mortar, and 
 add, gradually, enough of th© Oil of Hype- 
 ricum {Millepertuis) to make a Soft ointment. 
 Ph. P.) Detergent. It may be rendered inore 
 so by the addition of a little of the Acetate of 
 copper. 
 
 Unguentum Eiemi, Balsam of Areseus,, Un- 
 guentum elemi compositum. ' . 
 
 Unguentum EiJ'emi Compos'itum, Linimen'- 
 twm Avcct'i, XJnguehtum e gummi elemi, Vng. 
 de Terebinft/iind et Adip'ibws, U. elemi. Oint- 
 ment of Elemi, (F.) SauTne d'Arceus.' {ElemA 
 t!oj, terebinthina vutgaris ^X, sevi pra'pcfratilbij, 
 olivte olei.f. ,^ij. Melt the elemi with the suet; 
 remov,e it from' the fire ; and nrix in the tur- 
 pentine and oil. Strain the mixture through a 
 linen cloth. Pk. L.) Stimulant and digestive'. 
 To keep open issues, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Epispas'ticum de Daphne Gni- 
 Dio,, Adjips Cor'ticejfaphnes gnidii medica'tus,, 
 (F.) Pommade de- Ganu. {Adip. prsepar. 320 
 p., cerce, 32 p., cort. daphn.gnid. 128 p. Melt 
 the fat and wax j and' add the ba'rk softened in 
 water. B^il until the water is evaporated ; 
 then pass through cloth. Ph. P.) To keep 
 open blisters, isiues, &c. Se'^, Unguentum 
 
 Unguentum EpjsPASTicuMFoRTiuSjCerate of 
 .^cantharides — u. Epispasticum mitius, Unguen- 
 tum lyttaj — u. Epispasticum viride, Unguen- 
 tum lyttsB m.edicatutti — u. Flayum, Unguentum 
 de althaeA — u. e Gummi elemi, Unguentum coin- 
 positnm — u' Hellebori albi, Unguentum veratri. 
 ~ ■ Unguentum Gal'ls, Ointment of GaUs, 
 (Galla in pulv. gj'; adipis. ,^vij,. M.^Bh. U. 8.) 
 As an astringeilt in pileS, indolent ulcers, &e. 
 
 , Unguen'tum Hydeae'gyri, XT. cceru'leum,, XT, 
 l^eapolita'num, 'Blue qintm.eni, Ceraltum. Tner^ 
 atria' le, Adeps Hydrar'gyro medica'tus, T\S^ercu- 
 rial Oifitment, Unction, (¥^) Onguent mercuriel 
 ou Napolitain, ' ' _ 
 
 The Strong Mercurial Ointment, XTnguentum 
 Hydrargyri fortius of the London Pharrnaco- 
 pceia, XTnguen'tum> Hyt^rar'gyri (Ph; U. S.),'i3 
 thus maie—Hydrarg.- purif. Bij, q.dipispra- 
 parat. ^xxiij , 'sevi presp.^j . Rub till tlie glo- 
 bules -entirely disappear. 
 
 The Holder Mercurial Ointment,— -XTnguen- 
 tum Hydrargyri Mitius, — is ma:d^ by adding, 
 to one pound of the strong two pounds of lard. 
 , Merciirial ointment is antisyphilitic and dis- 
 cutient. It is rubbed on the inside of the thigh, 
 in venereal affections ;. especially in those cases 
 where mercury, given internally, runs off by 
 the bpyvels. The stronger ointment is used for 
 this purpose. The weaker is employed as a 
 dressing, .or as an application to cutaneous erupr 
 tions. ' . 
 
 Unguentum Hydrahgyki AMMONiAi'i,'Un-. 
 guentum hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u. Hy- 
 drargyri calcisl albae,, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 praecipitati albi — u. Hydrargyri compositum, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — u. Hydrar- 
 gyri deutoxydi nltrafi, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 nitrico-oxydi^u. ex Hydrargyro mitius dictum 
 cinereum, Unguentum oxydi hydrargyri cine- 
 reura. ' 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 870; 
 
 UN&tTj:NTUM 
 
 ■Unqtjentum HxDBAEGyRi Nitea'tis, IT. H. 
 nitrati, XX. jrupemitra'tis hydrargyri, Ointment 
 of Nitrate of-Mer'c%i.ry, Qitrine Ointment, Bal'- 
 samum meiciiria'lf. Ting. hydrar'gyH compos' - 
 itwm, XT, mercuriale cit'rinum, Adeps nitra'te 
 hydrargyrimsdica'tus, Ungtientum dtrinum ad 
 scabiem, (F.) Ongtient de nitrate de rnercjije, 0. 
 dtrin centre lagc^le. {Mydrarg.^^gOeid. nitric, 
 i. gxj ,olei. bubuli, f; § ix ; adipis gilj . Dissolve 
 the mercury in tKe atid;^ and, wHile hot, add 
 the oil and melted lard.— Ph. U. S.) 
 
 A milder ointment,-i-Um^. Nitrafis Hydrar- 
 gyn mitius — is made with triple the quantity 
 of oil and lard. It is stimulant and detergent, 
 and is much used as an applicJ^tion to herpes, 
 porrigo, and cutaneous eruptions. The weaker 
 ointment is sometimes used in ophthalmia 
 tarsi, &c. 
 
 Ungu^ntdm -Hydrargtki Niteico-oxydi, 
 XJng.'Subnitra'tis hydrargyri, Xing. Oxydi Hy- 
 drargyri Tubri, XT. H. oxidi rubri {Ph. XT. S.), 
 Ointment of Nitric Oxyd of Mercury, Bal'ia- 
 mum ophthal'micum rtiirpm, XInguentum deu- 
 iox'ydi hydrarg. nitrati, Red Precipfitate Oint- 
 ment, Golden Ointment, Singleton's Eye Salve, 
 XT. Hydrargyri rubri, XT. ex Hydrargyrp oxy- 
 e(a'to rubra, XT. memurii rubrum, XT. ophthalnlir 
 cum rubrum, XT. subnitra'tishydrargyrid'. ( Hy- 
 drarg. nitrico-oxyd. gj, XTng. simpl.' §viij. 
 Add the oxyd, reduced to a fine powder, to the 
 melted ointment. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and 
 escharotic. Applied to foul ulcers, to inflam- 
 mation of the tarsi, &c.. Sec. 
 
 UiiauENTTJM Hydkabgyki Oxidi Rueei, Fn- 
 guentura hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi— u. ex Hy- 
 drargyro oxydato rubro, Unguenturn hydraT- 
 gyri nitrico-osydi— u. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, 
 Unguenlum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 
 UMGnENTOM Hydraegyei Pe2Ecipita'ti 
 Albi, XT. Hydrar'gyri ammonia'ti,{Ph. XT. S.), 
 XT. submuridtis hydrargyri anvmonia'ti, XTn-^ 
 guentum, ad scabiem Zelleri, XT. mercuria'le, 
 album, XT. muiidif'j,cans Zelleri, Ointment of 
 white precipitate, Xing, e mercu'rio pracipita'to, 
 XTng.calcis hydrargyri albas. (,Hyd. praeip. alb. 
 2;j, adipis suilla seu ung. simpl. §isB. Melt 
 the fat, and add the precipitate.) Detergent. 
 Used in cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin, 
 &c. 
 
 Unguentum Hydeaegyei Rueei, U. hydrar- 
 gyri nitrico-oxydi-^n. H);drargyri submuriatis 
 ammoniati, TJ. hydrargyri prajcipitatialbi— ii. 
 Hydrargyrici subnitrati^, U. hydrargyri nitrico- 
 oxydi — ^^u. Hydrargyri eubnitratis, U. hydrar- 
 gyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri supernitral is, 
 U. hydrai!gyri,nitiatis— u. Infusi meloes vesi- 
 catorii, tJ. lyttae— u. Irritans, U. lyttse. 
 
 Unguen'thm Io'dini, XT. lodin'ii, Ointment 
 of Iodine, {lodin. gr. xx j alcohol, m. xx ; adipis, 
 fj. Rub the iodine first with the alcohol and 
 then with tbe lard until mixed. Ph. XT. S.) 
 Used as a local application to goitrous and other 
 swellings. 
 
 Unguemtum Io'dini CoMipos'iTUM, XJ. lodin'ii 
 eompositum,. Compound Ointment of Iodine, 
 {lodin. ^ss; Potassii iodid. 3J; Aleghol, f. ^j; 
 adipis g ij . Rub the iodine and iodide first with 
 the alcohol and then with the lard until they 
 are well mixed. Ph. XT. S.y 
 
 Unguemtum Lau'einhm, O'leum lau'rinwm, 
 A^eps lauro-mediea't»s,Bay Ointment, (F.) On- 
 guent ou Huile de laurier. (Fol, lauri, 500 p. 
 adip. auilla, lOQO p. Bnuse In a marble mor- 
 
 tar; evaporate all humidity by boiling; andadd 
 Bay berries, in powder, 500 p. Digest and pass 
 thrdiigh liiien. Ph. P.) Reputed- to be corro- 
 borant a;nd nervine. It is siiriply emollient. 
 
 UjiGUBHTUM Lenitivum, U. de althseS — u. 
 Liliaceum, Crinomyron. 
 
 -Unguentum Lyttje, ITng. canthar'idis, V. 
 vesicato'riym, XJ. irri'tans, JJ. \ ad vesica'ta, 
 Blistering Salne, Vng. infu'si mel'oes vesicato'- 
 rii, Ointment of Spanish Flies, Ointment of 
 Infusion of Spanish' Flies, -XTngitenttim epts- 
 pas'ticum, Tni'tiiis, DUilder blis' taring Ointment, 
 {Cantharifi'. in pulv. ^^ij; aqua destillat. Oss. 
 cerat, resin, ^^iij- '^"il down the water with 
 the Spanish nies to one half, and strain; then 
 mix the cerate with the straiijed liquor, and 
 eva^ota.te to the proper consistence. Ph. XT. S.) 
 It is stinaulant and epispastic ; and is chiefly 
 used for keeping up the discharge from a blis- 
 tered surface. . ' 
 
 Ujmguentum Lytt^ Medioa'tum, Adeps ean- 
 thttrid'ihus medied'tus, Poma'tum seu Unguen- 
 tum. epispas'ticuTn vir'idS stim'ulans ac'ribuSg 
 Greenblis'tering Oint!ment,!(¥ .) Pomfmadt^ipis- 
 pastiqMe verte. ( Pomati velunguenti eanth'arid. 
 04 p., unguent, populei 1 6&,p. cerce alba, 256 p., 
 C2ipri acetat., ext, opii, aa S4 p. Melt the un- 
 guentum pqpuleum, and wax, and, add, as they 
 cool, the oxyd of copper, cantharides, and 
 opium. Ph.. P.) Use, same as the last. 
 
 Unguentum Lytt* Medica'tum A'liod, 
 'A4eps cantharid'pbus medica'tus alius,, Poma'- 
 tum^ epispas'ticum flavum et mif'ius, Yellow 
 Blistering^ Ointm^pt, (F.) .Ponvmade epispas^ 
 tique jaune. (Pulv. cantharid. \20p.,adip,^ 
 prcep. 1680 p., aqua 250 p. Melt thelardj jpix 
 the cantharides, and add the water at the same 
 time; place the whole on a gentle fire; stir 
 continually/or two hours, and add a little water 
 to replace that which has been evaporated. 
 Pass through lihen and strain. Keep it in a 
 water bath, and add powdered turmerif, 8 p. 
 Let it cool till the superfluous Ijquid separates ; 
 pour off and add yellow wax, 250 p., Oil of 
 Lemon,8p. Ph. P.) A complex preparation. 
 Use, same as the last. 
 
 An bintment, not very philosophically com- 
 bined, was used by Dr. Physict, which is known 
 by the name of " Dr. Pkysick's Issue Oint- 
 ment." It is made by boiUng half an ounce of 
 powdered cantharides in two ounces of rose- 
 water, and evaporating until one half of the 
 fluid is driven off, having previously addfed 15 
 grains of tartar emetic. The decoction is to be 
 strained, and thrpe ounces of olive oil, an ounce 
 and a half of white wax, and one ounce of sper- 
 maceti added to it, and the mixture then boiled 
 till all the water is evaporated. 
 
 Unguentum Mercukiale Album, Unguen- 
 tum hydrargyri prascipitati albi-^-u. Mercuriale 
 citrinum, Unguentum hydrargyri nitfatis— ^ff. e 
 Mercurio prscipitato, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 prsecipitati albi — u. Mercurii rubrum, Uiiguen- 
 tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Mundiflcane 
 Zelleri, Unguentum hydrargyri prfficipitati albi. 
 Unguentum Meze'eei, Ointment of Meze- 
 reon. {Meeer. incis. transversim, |iv ; adipis, 
 f xiv; ceras alba gij ; moisten the mezeredn With 
 a little alcohol, and beat in an iron mortar, un- 
 til reduced to a fibrous mass; then digest it 
 with the lard, in a salt water hath, for 12 hours ; 
 strain forcibly, and allow the strained liquor to 
 cool slowly, so that any undissolved matters 
 
UNGUENTUM 
 
 871 
 
 UNGUENTUM 
 
 nuay subside ; from these separate the mec^icated 
 lard J melt it \yith the wax at a moderate heat, 
 aad stir constantly till they are coW.r-Ph. U. 
 S.) To keep open blisters, issues, &c. 
 
 Unsuemtum Muria'tis Hydrargyri Oxy- 
 gsna'to Medica'tum, Adtps muria'tB hydrar- 
 gyn ozygetla'to medicatits, Cyxilla's Ointment, 
 (P.)PoiamaiiedeCiirillo. {Hifdrar.oxymur. ip. 
 adipis amlta prap. 32 p. Ph. P.) Antivenerpal 
 and alterative. Used in frictiori, (5ss at a time. 
 Unguemtum NakdinuMj see Nardus Indica — 
 u. Neapolitanum, Unguentum hydrargyri — u. 
 Nervinum, tJnguentum Sambuci— u. Nitricura 
 vel oxygenatum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi. ^ 
 
 Unguentum Qphthal'micum, Adeps ocu'ido 
 hydrtirgyri riibro et plumbi aeeta'ti medical-tus, 
 ^egfnt's Pommade opHthalmique, (F.) Pom- 
 ikadeophthalmique. {Bwtyr, recent. ,aq, rosar. 
 labat. 4^ p., camphor., pxyd. hydrarg. n^hr., 
 acetqtis p(umU, aa 0.25 p. Muc intimately. 
 Pk. P.) In chronic inflammation of the con- 
 junctiva or tarsi. 
 
 Unguentum Ophthai,micum, Unguentum 
 oxidi zinci impuri — u. Ophthalmicum rubrum, 
 Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
 ~ Unguentum Ox'idi Hydrargyri Cine'rei, 
 Adeps SQ\iUngue7itum eschydrargyro viit'ius die- 
 turn cinereum. Ointment of gray oxide of mer^ 
 Ciiry, (F.) Ohguent gris. {Oscyd. hydrarg. 
 filtfr. p. j, adipis suillee, p. iij. Ph- E.) 
 Properties' like the m,ercurial ointment. It is 
 not much used, 
 
 Unguentum Ox'im Plumbi Ai.bi, Ung. ce- 
 ras'sa,: Ung. album,, Ung. suba^etfi'iie plumbi. 
 Ointment of white oxide of lead, White oint' 
 ment. {XTng. siwpplicis,^. ■v .,q^yd. pliwib. alb. 
 p. j. Ph. E. if P.) Cooling and deslccative. 
 Applied to excoriated' and burnt surfaces, 
 
 Unguentum Oxmi Plumbi Carbonati, U. 
 Plumbi subcarbonatis — ^u. Oxidi zinci, Unguen- 
 tum zinci.' 
 
 Unguentum Ox'idi ZiNca Impd'ri, Xlnguen- 
 tum tWticc, Ung. ophthal'micum., ' Eye Salve, 
 Adeps ox'idi zinci medica'tus, Tuity ointment. 
 Ointment of impure oxide of zinc. (I^nim. 
 nmpl. p. V. oxyd. zinc, impur. prap. ^. j. Ph. 
 E.) Generally used in ophthalmia tarsi and 
 atonic, ophthalmia. 
 
 Unguentum Picis Liq'uid^, Vng. Picis, 
 Ung. e Pice, Tar Ointment. (Picis liquid., 
 *«t;i, sing. !6j. Melt and stir till cold^.) Stimu- 
 lant and determent. Used in tinea capitis, and 
 other cutaneous eruptions. 
 
 Unguentum Picis Nigh^, Ungueptum resi- 
 nae nigrae-^u. Acetatis plumbi, Ceratum pluipbi 
 superacetatisi— u. Plumbici carbonatis,Unguen- 
 tum plumbi subcarbonatis — ir. Plumbi carbo- 
 natis, Unguehtum plumbi subcarbonatis — ^u. 
 Plumbi oxydi carbonati, Unguentum plumbi 
 subcarbonatis— u. Plumbi subacetatis, Unguen- 
 tum oxidi plumbi albi. 
 
 Ungue'ntum Plumbi Sdbcaebona'tis, U. 
 Plumbi Carboria'tis,Cera'tmmde Ceru^sd,,ung. 
 albtim, U. album, simplex^ U. Carbona'tis Plum- 
 bici, U. Cerusisce, U. Oxidi Plumbi Carbona'ti, 
 (F.) Ongueni blanc de Rhazes, O, de Cerusse, 
 0. de Tornamira. ( Plumbi CarkQmit. in pulv. 
 subtiliss./gij; Unguent, simpl- Dij. Add the 
 carbonate of lead to the ointment previously 
 softened over a gentle fire, and mix. — Ph. U. 
 S.) Chiefly used as a dressing for burns. 
 
 Unguentum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, U. ace- 
 ta'tis plumbi, Ointment of sugar of Lead, Un- 
 
 guentum Saturni'num, U- eerus'scB aeetaltte, 
 Bal'samum universa'le. {Olive oil, Bss, white 
 wax, ,^IS5, supefacetate of lead, ^ jj.) Cooling, 
 desiccatiye. Called, ^Iso, Bahamum Siiturni'- 
 num, Buty'rum , Satur'ni, Lihinien'tum plum- * 
 ba'tum, Poma'tum saty,r'n,i, Ung.triphar'maeum. 
 
 Unguentum Popu'lkum, Adepa papav'ere, 
 hyosey'amo, et belladon'n& me'dica'tus, (Fresh 
 buds of the Populus nigra, 500 p., macerated 
 in adeps auilla prap, melted, 1500^ p. for 24 
 hours. Preseirve this. Take blacH: poppy leaves, 
 belladonna, hyoscyamus, black nightshade, aa 
 128 p.) bruise in a mortatr .with the former p];e- 
 paratiou! boil until alt the humidity is evapo- 
 rated, and strain. PA. P.) Anodyne. Applied 
 to local inflammations, hemorrhoids, sore nip- 
 ,ples, cancer, &c. Green elder ointment is often 
 sold for this. > 
 
 Unguemtuiji Pqpvlbjim, see Populus. 
 
 Unguentum Potas's^e Hydrioda'tis, Potas'- 
 sii lo'didi, Ointment of Hydri'odate of Potass. 
 (Hydriodqfe of potass . gss, hog's lard 3jss.) 
 Half a drachm of this ointment is rubbed on 
 scrofulous glands, gditre, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Potassii Iodidi, Unguentum 
 PotassaeiHydriodatis — n. Pulvis meloes vesica- 
 torii. Cerate of cantharides — u. Resinae flavse, 
 Ceratum resinas flavse-.- > 
 
 Unguentum Resi'n^ NioEiE, Ung. resina 
 nigrum, TTng. basil%con nigrum, Ung. tetra- 
 pharm'acum. Black Basilicon, Black resin 
 ointment, Unguentum picis nigrts. (Resin, 
 nigr., ce.rts fiaviB^y^sinx fiav . aa ^ix, olei oliva 
 -Oj. Ph. L.) Uses, the same as the Ceratum 
 resinst or Yellow basilicon. 
 
 UnguentCm ResinjE Pini Sylvestris ,CpM- 
 posiTUM, Unguentum de althaefi-u. feesinosum, 
 Ceratum resinae flavae — ^u. Resumptivum, Un- 
 guentum de altha^^. 
 
 Unguentum Sambu'ci, Ung^ sambu'cinum. 
 Green ointme7it, Unguentum, nervinum. Elder 
 ointment, (V.) Onguent d'e sureau. (Sambuci 
 flor. ffiijj adipis prcep. ffiij. Boil. ' Ph. L. If D.) 
 Emollient. 
 
 Unguentum SATURNiNUMjUnguentumplumbi 
 superacetatis— -u. Sabinse,, Ceratum Sabinse — u. 
 ad Scabiem Zelleri, Unguentum hydrargyri 
 praecipitati albi^^u. Simplex, Ceratum Galeni, 
 Unguentum cerae — u. Sblidum de cicut&, Em- 
 plastrum cicutae — u. Spermatis cetl, Unguentum 
 cetacei. 
 
 Unguentum Stramo'nii, Ointment of Stra- 
 mo'nium, (Stramon. fol. recent., concis. ffij ; 
 Adipis Ibiij ; CerajffaDas Bss. Boil the leaves in 
 the lard uatil they become friable ; then strain 
 through linen. Add the wax previously melt- 
 ed, and- stir until they are cold. — Ph. U. S.) 
 An anodyne ointment to irritable ulcers, he- 
 morrhoids, &c. 
 
 Unguentum Subaceta'tis Cupri, U. Cupri 
 subaceta'tis, Ung. deter'gens, Ung. hasil'icwm, 
 vir'ide, Ung. mru' ginis, Bal'soAnum. - iJiridS, 
 Ointment of subacetate of copper, Yer'digris 
 ointment. (Cupri s^bacet. in pulv. subtijisa. 
 _^j; Ung. simpl. gxv. Add the subacetate to 
 the ointment previously melted with a mode- 
 rate heat, and stir till cold.— PA. U. S.) De- 
 tergent and escharotio. 
 
 Unguentum Sulphura'tum 'ad Sca'biem, 
 Adeps sul'pfiuYe et ammo'niiEm,uria'ti mediea'- 
 tus. (Adipis, 120 p. sulph. lot. 60 p. ammo- 
 nia muriat., aluminx sulphat. aa 4 ^.,fiat Un- 
 guentum. Ph. P.) Antipsoric. 
 
UNGUIS 
 
 87S 
 
 UEAPOSTEMA 
 
 Baiky's Itch Ointment is. composed of olive 
 oil, lard) nitre^'alum, sulphate of zinc, and 
 cinnabar, scented with oil of aiiiseed, oil of ori- 
 ganum, and oil of spiie, and coloured with al- 
 kanet root. ^ •' 
 
 Unguentum Sulphusa'tum, Alcali'hum ad 
 Soa'biem, Adeprsul'pkuri et tarbona'tl Poiassse 
 medica'tus, Mel'meric&'s Alcaline ■Sulpk'ura'ted 
 Itch Ointment. {Adip. prsep. 800 p., stclphur. 
 to. 200 p., carbonat.- potass, pur. 100 p., ^'«t 
 ung. Ph, P.) Cfse, same as the last. 
 
 Bateman's Itch Oiniment resembles this. It 
 ir coloured with cinnabar and scented with ej- 
 sence of bergamiot. 
 
 Unguentum SufpHnpis, Vng. e Sulph'url, 
 Sulphur ointment. (Sulph. s'ubliTrt. Ibj, adip. 
 pratp. Bij. Ph. V. S.) ' Used chiefly in itch and 
 some herpetic affections. 
 
 Unguentum S.ui.phueis CoMpps'iTuia, Com- 
 pound Suljjhur Ointment, Itch Ointment, Un- 
 guentum-, Antipsor'icum, J^ocksons Itch Oint- 
 ment, Pomm-ade antipsorique de Jdsser. {Sulph. 
 sitblim. BsSj veratri rod. contus. _^ij, potassm 
 nitrat. ^j, saponis mollis ffiss, adip's ib'iss, ol. Ber- 
 gamot. rt^'. XXX Ph. L:) The UNGnENTuni Sul- 
 PHUEis CoMPOsiTUM of the Pharm. U. S. (1842) 
 is made as follows: — Sulphur, ^j; Hydrargyri 
 ammoniat.jAcid. Benzoic. 59. gj; ol. Beigamot., 
 Acid, sulphuric, aa f. J^j j Potassa& Nitrat. 3ij ; 
 adipis Bss. To the melted lard, axld the other 
 ingredients, and stir till cold. Use, the same 
 as the last; but it is more stimulating. 
 
 UNGUENTtTM SusiNUM, Crinomyron — u. Tar- 
 tari emetici, U. antimonii tkrtarizati^ — m,. Tar- 
 tari stibiati, U. antimonii tartarizati — u. e Tar- 
 taro potass® stibiati, U. antimonii'tartarizati — 
 u. Tartratig potassae stibiati, U. antimonii tar- 
 tarizati — u. de Terebinthini et adipibus, U. 
 elemi compositum — u. de Terebinthina et cera, 
 U. de althaeSl^u. Terebinthinae et ovorum vi- 
 telli, U. digestivum simplex — u. Tetfephariria- 
 cura, Basilicon, U. resinae nigree — ^u. Triphar- 
 macum, U. plumbi superaeetatis — u. Tutije, U. 
 
 oxidi zinci iiripuri— u. ad Vesicata, U. lyttsE, 
 
 u. ad Vesjcatoria, Cerate of cantharides— u. 
 Vesicatorium,/ U. lyttae — u. Oxidi zinci, U. 
 zinci. 
 
 Unguentum Tab'agi, Tobacco Ointment. 
 ( Tabac. recent, concis. gj ;• Adipis^ ffij . Boil the 
 tobacco in the lard over a gentle fire, till it be- 
 comes friable; then strain through linen. — Ph. 
 V. S.) Applied to irritableulcers, tinea capi- 
 tis, &c.- 
 
 Unguentum Tartar! .Emetici, Unguentum 
 antimonii. 
 
 Ungdektum Yera'trj, Unguentum hellei'dri 
 filbi, White hellebore ointment.') (Veratr. rod. 
 pulv.5ij, adipis prcep.'iv\i],olei l^mon. m.xx.) 
 Used in cases of itch, where sulphur is objected 
 to. It is not equally efficacious. 
 
 The principal ingredients in the Edinburgh 
 Ointment are white hellebore and muriate of 
 ammonia. 
 
 Unguentum Zinci, Ung. ox'idi zinci, 77. 
 Zinci Oridi, Zinc Ointment. (Zinci oxyd.%\, 
 adipis. _^vj. Ph. L.) Use, the same as that of 
 the Unguent2Cm tutia. 
 
 Unguentum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci. 
 
 UNGUIS, Hippocampus minor. Nail, Ptery- 
 gion — u. Halleri, Hippocampus minor — u. Odo- 
 ratus, Blatta Byzantia. 
 
 Unguis Os, Os lachryma'U. A small, qua- 
 drilateral, very thin, and semi-transparent bone, 
 
 which has been compared to a human woi/, and 
 is situate at the anterior ahij inner pfirt of the 
 orbit. It aids in the formation of the lachry- 
 mal gutter and the nasal duct. It Is articulated 
 with the frontal, superior maxillary, ethmoid, 
 and the inferior spongy bones, and is deyelaped 
 by a siiigle pu?ictum ossifieationis. 
 " UNGULA CABALLINA, Tussilago. 
 UNGULiE PALPEBRARUM„see Tarsus. 
 UNILOCULAR, t7>M7oc»/oVi J, from unus, 
 'one,' and loculus, 'a cell.' '■Having one cell. 
 UNIO, Peari. 
 
 UNIOCULUS, Gyclops, Monoculus. 
 UNIPARIENSi Uniparous. 
 UNIPARIENT, Uniparous. , 
 UNIP'AR'OCJS, Unipa'rient, Unipa'riens; 
 from unus, ' one,' arid pario, ' I bring forth.' 
 Producing one at a birth. / . 
 
 UNISE'MA DELTIFOXIA, Pontedo'ria 
 cordfl'ta. Shovel Pip^erelweed, Pond Shovel, 
 Shovel leaf. Water Plantain. Aij indigenous 
 plant, Sex.'Syst. Hexandria Monogynia, wliich 
 grows in water, and flowers from June-to Au- 
 gust. .The root is emollient and astringent. 
 
 .UNI'TING BANDAGE, (F.) Bandage ukis- 
 sant. A banda;ge for bringing ithe edges of a 
 wouni into approximation. Thfe arrahgement 
 of such a bandage ^ differs accdrding as the 
 wound is transverse or longitudinal. 
 UNOCULUS, Borgne, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
 UNWELL (Being,) Menstruation; 
 UPAS. A word used in the Archipelagos,of 
 Molucca and Sunda, and signifying Vegetable 
 Poison, Ipo, Bohon Upas, Boa Upas, Pohon 
 Antiar, Boon Upas. A.' substance used by 
 the natives of those places for poisoning their 
 arrows. .The smallest quantity is j^apable of 
 destroying'the largest animal. The tree which 
 produces it is said to be the Antia'ris Taxiea'- 
 ria. Another species of upas, the 77. Tieute, 
 is the produce of a Strychnos. Many idle sto- 
 ries are told regarding the upas, most of which 
 are fabulous. • ' , 
 
 U'RAGHUS, U'racus, Urinae'ulum, from 
 ougov, 'urine,' and t^^ffl, 'I contain.' (F.) Ou- 
 raqtie. The urachus, in certain animals,' is a 
 long memhranous canal, which arises from the 
 bladder, makes its exit from the abdomen by 
 the umbilicus, and terminates in the pouch 
 called allantois. According to^abatier, thjs is 
 the arrangement of the, urachus in the human 
 foetus; but Bichat and other anatomists consi- 
 der, that when the canal exists in it, it is a mal- 
 formation. They regard it as a kind of suspen- 
 sory-ligament of the bladder, extending from 
 the top of that organ to the umbilicus; and, at 
 the' umbilicusj- confounded with the abdominal 
 aponeurosis. ■ 
 
 URACRATIAj Enuresis. 
 URACUS, Urachus. 
 URANA, Ureter. 
 URANE, Urinal. 
 
 URANISCONI'TIS, ixork ov^mi^w, 'the. 
 palate,' and ih'j, denoting inflammation. Pala- 
 ti'tis. Inflammation of the^palate. 
 
 URANISCOPLAS'TICE, from oufono-xof, 
 I the roof of the mouth,' and TiJoflTiitoc, 'form- 
 ing.' The operation of engrafting in case of 
 deficiency of the soft palate. 
 
 URANISCORRHA PHIA, Staphylorraphy. 
 URANISCOS, Palate. 
 URANORRHAPHIA, Ptaphylorraphy. 
 URAPOSTE'MA, Absjies'sus urino'siia, Ura- 
 
URARl 
 
 873 
 
 URETHROPLASTIC 
 
 de'ma- A tumefaction produced by the escape 
 of urine. An abscess containing urine. 
 
 UHARI, Curare. 
 
 URAS, Urate. 
 
 URATE, Uras, Lithate,,Lithas ; from augcv, 
 urine.' A generic name for salts, formed by 
 the combination of uric or'lithic acid with dif- 
 ferent bases. Unite or Lithate qf Soda is found 
 in arthritic calculi: — Urate or Lithate of Am- 
 mo'nia in some urinary calculi. 
 
 XJRE'A, Uren, Uren'izijji, UricwnPi Mate'ria 
 ■urino'^a, Princip'ium seu Sal tirino'sum, (F.) 
 Uree. Same etymon. A white, pearly, bril- 
 liant substance, in transparent plates, inodorou?, 
 and of a cool taste; vfery soluble in water; de- 
 liquescent, and soluble in alcohol. It exists, 
 in great quantity, in the urine ; and is an essen- 
 tial part of it. It has been used as a diuretic. 
 Dose, gr. xv to 9j. . 
 
 UREC'CHYdlS, Ureck'ysis, from ougov, 
 'urine,' and £«j'unic, 'effusion.' Effusion of. 
 urine into the cellular membrane. 
 
 UREDO, Urticaria. . 
 
 URIlE, Urea. 
 
 UREMA^ Urine. 
 
 UREN, Urea. 
 
 URENIUM, Urea. 
 
 URENS, Caustic. 
 
 ■UREORRHCEA, Diabetes. 
 
 URESIiESTHESig, Dluresi^sthesis. 
 
 URESIS, Micturition. 
 
 URE'TER. Same etymon. Urana, Vena 
 alba renum, CanaHi.iner'veusJistulo'susremim^ 
 X^uctus seu Ductor Uri''^a, Vas urina'riwm, (F.) 
 Uretire. A long, excretory canal — membranous 
 and cylindrical — which conveys the urine from 
 the kidney to the bladder. It extends, oblique- 
 ly, between the pelvis of the kidneyi with 
 which it is continuous, and thfe. bas fond of the 
 bladder, into wh^ch it opens. It enters at the 
 posterior and inferior part, for some ^ distance 
 between the coats, and opens into the ce^yity of 
 the bladder, at the posterior angle of the Tri- 
 gone vesical. The ureter is formed of an exte- 
 rior, white, opake, and fibrous membrane ; Snd 
 of an inner, which is mucous. 
 
 pRETERAL'GIA, from «./?i)tji5, '^^^ Me- 
 ter,' and ^lyag, ' pain.' Pain in the course of the ' 
 ureter, — as from calculus, Ureteral' gia calculo'ncf,. 
 
 Ueeteealgia Caloulosa', see Ureteralgia — 
 u. Inflamniatoria, Ureteritis. , 
 
 URETkRE, Ureter. 
 
 URETERIC US. An epithet for ischury, 
 &c., arising'from an affection of the ureter, 
 
 URETERI'TIS, Ureteral'gia inflammato!-ria, 
 Ureterophlegma'sia. Inflammation of the ure- 
 ter; generally ca:us9d by Calculus. 
 
 URETERO-LITH'ICUS, from ous>(t»5, 'the 
 Ureter,' and ii^oc, ' a stone.' An epithet ap- 
 plied to ischury or other affection caused by a 
 stone in the ureter. 
 
 URETEROL'ITHUS. Same etymon. Cal- 
 culus in the ureter. 
 
 URETEROPHLEGMASIA, Ureteritis. 
 
 URETERO-PHLEGMAT'ICUS, from odj,;- 
 T»5, ' the ureter,' and iphyf^'i, ' phlegm or mu- 
 cus.' Any affection caused by mucus accumu- 
 lated in the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-FY'ICUS, from oojiitto, 'the 
 Meter,' and sruov, ' pus.' An epithet applied 
 to affections caused by the presence of pus in 
 the urctsr. 
 
 URETERORRHAG'iAj, from ovjktijj, ' the 
 
 56 
 
 ureter,' and gaj-n, « rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
 the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS, from o«g«T«, 
 • the ureter,' and anofi*, ' orificd.' That which 
 is dependent upon obstruction of the orifice of 
 the ureter. 
 
 URETERO-THROMBOrDES,from 01/5 ^rrig, 
 ' the ureter,' SQUfi^os,. ' grumous blood,' and 
 eijot, 'resemblance.' Ischury from grumous 
 blood in the ureter. 
 
 URE'THRA, 0UQ1J.9QCI, Cana'lis seu Mea'tus 
 seu Ductus urina'rius, Urias, Ure'tra,.Fis'tula 
 urina'ria, Iter urina'riv,m, seu Uti'nce; (F.) 
 Xlrkthrej Uretre, fl-om on jor,' urine.' The ex- 
 cretory duct for the' urine in both sexes ; and 
 for the sperm in man. In the-latter, it is 8 or- 
 10 inches Jong ; and extends from the neck of 
 the bladdei: to the extremity of the penis, in 
 which its external aperture is situate. In 
 the male urethra, three portions are distin- 
 guished : — 1 ; A Prostatic portion, near the 
 bladder, about an inch and a quarter in length, 
 which traverses the prostate gland: — 2. A mem- 
 branous portion, Isthtrius ure' three, Pars ure'^ 
 thrse membrana' cea, from 8 to 10 lines long, 
 which is separated, from the refctum by the cel- 
 lular tissue o,nly : — 3. A spongy, ^ortiow, which 
 expands, anteriorly, to form the glans,and which 
 commences at the bulb of the urethra. Before 
 opening externally, the canal has a dilatation, 
 called the Fossa or Fossic'ula navicula'ris. Qa 
 the interior of the urethra two white lines are 
 perceptible — the one above, the other below. 
 The latter commences at tiis verum^nta:mim ; 
 and at the surface of this, the ejaculatory ducts 
 s.Xi& prostatic duets o'^ea. The urethrals lined, 
 in its jvhole extent, by a mucous membrane ; 
 on vvhich are Seen, particularly at the bulb, the 
 orifices of a number o{ follicular ducts, called 
 Sinuses of Morgagni, The arteries of the ure- 
 thra are numerous, and proceed from the inter- 
 nal pudic, — the largest branches entering the 
 bulb. The veins foljow the course of the ar- 
 teries. The lymphatics pass into the'inguinal 
 and hypogastric plexuses- The nerves come 
 from the pudic and gluteal. In the /emffl/e,'ithe 
 urethra is only about an inch long. It is wider 
 than in man, and susceptible of great dilatation. 
 It is very wide at its commencement; and de- 
 scends obliquely forwards, to terminate at the 
 top of the external aperture of the vagina by 
 the mea'tus urina'rius. In its course,' it is 
 slightly curved, the concavity being forwards. 
 
 Urethra, Blind Ducts of the, see Caecns 
 — u. Mucous lacunae of the, see Cecus. 
 
 URE'THRAL, Urethra'lis, Ure'ihricus, from 
 01/5 jjflpst , ' the urethra.' Relating to the urethra. 
 
 URETHRAL'GIA, from cv^nSQa, 'the ure- 
 thra,' and a'Xyo;, ' pain.' Pain in the urethra. 
 Gonorrhoea. 
 
 VRkTHRE, Urethra. 
 
 URETHREMPHRAXIS, Urethrophraxis. 
 
 URETHRITIS,-.Gonorrhcea. 
 
 URETHROBLENNORRHOE'A, from ofcji/- 
 9Qt, ' the .urethra,' ^lirva, ' muc,us,' and jsio, ' I 
 flow.' Gonorrhcea'; gleet. 
 
 URETHROH^MORRHAGIA, Urethror- 
 rhagia. 
 
 URETHROPHRAX'IS, Urethremphrax'is, 
 from oxjqri^Qa, 'the urethra,' and <^Qa(r(rm, 'I 
 obstruct.' Obstruction of the urethra. 
 
 U RE T HR OPLAS'TIC, >Urethroplas{^cus; 
 from ot/fij*5B, 'the urethra,' and vlarTn, 'I 
 
URETHRORRHAGIA 
 
 874 
 
 URINE 
 
 form.' An epithet given to the operation which 
 supplies defects in the canal of the urethra 
 through which the" urine escapes. 
 
 URETHROKRHA'GIA, Urethrohamorrha'- 
 gia, Canlorrhd'gia stiUutWia, Hnmatu'ria stil- 
 latif'ia, from or'gijSja, ^ the urethra,' afid jt/y- 
 ru/ii, ' I break out.' Hemorrhage from the ure- 
 thra. — Frank. 
 
 URETHRORRHCE'A, from owsafl-s*, 'the 
 urethra,' and gsoi, 'I flow.' A discharge of 
 any kind from the urethra. 
 
 TJRETHROSTENO'SIS, Strictu'ra ■uri'thnsi, 
 TJrosieno' sis, from ou^n^pa, ' the urethra,' and 
 rzivmnii:, 'narrovi-ness.' Stricture of the urethra. 
 URETHROT'OM[JS,(F.)irretAro«ome,from 
 •oujuS^a, ' the urethra,' and Tsfivm, ' I cut.' An 
 instrument so called by Le^Cat, with which he 
 divided the skin, and -laid open the urethra, in 
 the operation for lithotomy. Also, an instru- 
 ment for dividing strictures of the urethra. 
 
 URETHROT'OMY, TTrethrotomia ; same 
 etymon. An operation, which consists in open- 
 ing the urethra for the removal of stricture. 
 See JBontonniere. 
 
 URETHRYMENO'DES, ftomoup^ffja, 'the 
 urethra,' and,'u;«>ir, 'a membrane.' That which 
 is caused by a membrane formed iri the urethra. 
 URETICDS, Diuretic, Urinary. 
 URETRA, Urethra. 
 URkTRE, Urethra. 
 URETRIS, Urinal. 
 URIAS, Fistula, (urinary). Urethra. 
 URIASIS, Lithia, Uresis. 
 URIC ACID, Ai:"idum U'ricum, Ac"idum 
 uro-lith'icnm, Lithic Acid, -Acvdum lith'icum. 
 An acid which exists in human urine, and which 
 constitutes the greater part of urinary calculi. 
 It is often deposited from the urine in health. 
 See Calculi, urinary. 
 URICUM, Urea. 
 URICliS, Urinary. 
 
 URINA CEREBELLA, see Cerebella— u. 
 Chyli, see Urine — u. Cibi, see Urine — u. Dia- 
 betica, Ur'"6, diabetic — u. Febrilis, Urine, fe- 
 brile — u, Fuffuracea, see Furfuraceous — u. Ga- 
 lactodes, see Galactodes — u. Genitalis, Sperm 
 — u. Jumentosa seu Jumentaria, Urine,- jumen- 
 tous — u. Mucosa, Cystirrhcea — u. Nephelodes, 
 see Nepheloid — u. Oroboides seu Orobodes, see 
 Oroboides — u. Pericardii, see Pericardium — li. 
 Potus, see Urine^^u. Sanguinis, see. Urine — u. 
 Vaccte, Urine, cows'. i, 
 
 URI.NACULUM, Urachus, Urinal." 
 URIN.E PROFLUVTOM, Diabetes— u. Sup- 
 pressio. Ischuria — u. Stillicidium, Strangury^ — 
 u. Substillum, Strangury. 
 
 \}'^\i>iK\i,Urinato'riii'm.,Chernib'iitm,XJ'rane, 
 TXre'tris, XJrinachthiTn^TJrodo'chi'wm, TJrod'ockS, 
 IXrodoche' -unn, Uratra'ciiLtn, Matra'ciwni, Mat'- 
 ula, MaUl'la; from urina, 'urine.' A name 
 given, I. To certain vessels, used to pass the 
 urine into. 2. To reservoirs, of different shapes 
 and character, which are adapted to the penis, 
 in cases pf incontinence of urine, and which 
 ate intended to receive the urine as it flows off. 
 
 URINALIS, Urinary. 
 "URINARIA, Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon 
 taraxacum. 
 ■■tl'RINARY, Urina'rins, Urina'lis, Unno'- 
 .sis, V'r'CKs,, Uret'ic?is. . Same etymon. That 
 which relates to the urine. 
 
 UniNART Bladder, Vesi'ca Urina'riaj Cyst's, 
 Vrocya'tis, (F.) Vessie. A musculo-membra- 
 
 nous reservoiri intended for the reception of the 
 urine, until the accumulation of a certain quan- 
 tity solicits its excretion. The bladder is situ- 
 ate in the hypogastric region, between the rec- 
 tum and pubis in man; and between the. pubis 
 and vaginsi in the 'female. Its, upper region is 
 not covered, excejtt by the peritoneum, posteri- 
 orly. From its cent^e arises the urachus. Its 
 lower region is bounded, anteriorly, by the 
 prostate, inman; and rests on the vesiculas se- 
 minales and- rectum. In the female, it cbrre- 
 spljnds to the vagina. The lowest portion of 
 this region bears the name Ba^-fohd. The an- 
 terior surface of the organ is not covered by pe- 
 ritoneum. It is attached to the symphysis pu- 
 bis Jjy a fibro-cellular expansion called the an- 
 teripr ligament. The posterior ligaments are 
 duplicatures of the peritoneum on its posterior 
 ■surface, which extend from this surface to the 
 rectum in the male, and to the uterus in the 
 ■female'. The bladder is composed of a serous 
 membrane, formed by the peritoneum; — of a 
 muscular membrane ; of a somewhat thick layer 
 of cellular tissue ; and is lined on its inner sur- 
 face, by a mucous membrane, which is, some- 
 times, raised up, here and there, in long promi- 
 nences or 'columns by the muscular fibres he- 
 neath. To this condition, the French anato- 
 mists give the term — vessie a colonves. In the 
 has^fond the two ureters open, and the urethra 
 commences; and the triangular space, which 
 the apertures of these three canals leave be- 
 tween them, is called, by thfl French, the Tri- 
 gone vesical or , Vesical Triangle, Trigo'nus 
 Lietitau'di. In the orifice of the urethra, which 
 is also called^ the neck of the bladder, there is, 
 at its lower part, a more or less prominent tu- 
 bercle, tvhjch is formed by the anterior angle 
 of the Trigone vesical, and is called the Vesical 
 uvula, (F.) Luette visicale. 
 
 The arteries of the bladder proceedJrom the 
 hypogastric, umbilical, sciatic, middle hemor- 
 rhoidal, and internal pudic. Its veins, which 
 are more numerous than the arteries, open into 
 the hypogastric venous plexus. Itsiierves ema- 
 nate from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; 
 and-its lymphatic vessels pas's into the hypo- 
 gastric ganglia. 
 
 Ukinary Calculi. The calculi ■which form 
 in the urinary passages. See Calculi, urinary. 
 Urinary Passages, (F.) Voies urinaires. 
 The aggregate of canals and cavities intended 
 to contain the urine and convey it externally. 
 These ways are composed of excretory ducts, 
 which form the tubular portion of the .kidney; 
 of calicos; pelvis ; ureters; bladder; and urethra. 
 URINATORIUM, Urinal", 
 URINE, UH'na, U'ron, TXre'ma, Lot'iv,m, Lot, 
 Lapis au'reits, Omick'Tni, Recremen'ta seu Re- 
 trimen'ta vesi'cce. An excrementitial fluid; se- 
 creted by-the cortical part, of the kidney; fil- 
 tered through the tubular portion ; poured gutta- 
 tim from the apices of the tubular papillae into 
 the pelvis of the kidney ; and transmitted by it 
 to the ureters; which convey it slowly, but in 
 a continuous manner, into the bladder, where it 
 remains deposited, until its accumulation ex- 
 cites a desire to void it. The excretion of the 
 fluid takes place through the urethra; and is 
 caused by, the action of the abdominal muscles 
 and diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous 
 coat of the bladder. Urine is transparent; of a 
 citron-yellow colour; of a peculiar odour, and 
 
UElNE 
 
 875 
 
 XmiNE 
 
 of an acid, saline, and slightly bitter; taste. 
 That which is passed some tinae after taking 
 fluid, is less coloured, and less odorous and 
 dense th^n that which is voided 7 or 8 hours 
 after eating. The first is the Uri'n'a potAs, (F.) 
 Orine de la Boisson^ Urine from drink: — the 
 latter Vri'na satt-'g-uims, (F .) Urine de la diges- 
 tion^ Urine de la coctioUf Urine cuitey Coded 
 urine. Urine of digestion. Three distinct va- 
 rieties of urine may, according to Dr. GolHing 
 Bird, he recognised; First. That passed some 
 little time after drinlcing freely of fluids; which, 
 is generally pale, and of low specific gravity — 
 1.003 to i.Wd—Urina potus. Secondly, That 
 secreted aftei the digestion of a full mealj's.g. 
 1.020 to 1 .028, or even 1.030— (7nna ehyli vel 
 eiU. Thirdly, That secreted independently of 
 the immediate stimulus of food and drink, as 
 after a night's res^, which is usually of average 
 density^- 1.0 15 to 1.U25, and presents the es- 
 sential characters of urine — Urina sanguinis. 
 
 The following are the ordinary constituents 
 of healthy human urine: — urea, uric acid, [hip- 
 puric acid;] extra,ctiye niatters, embracing al- 
 cohol extract, spirit extract, and water extract, 
 with their respective constituents^ niucus; brown 
 colouring matter of the urine, (heemaphaein ;) 
 red colouring matter of the urine, (uroerythrin;) 
 carbonic, lactic, "hydrochloric, sulphuric, phos- 
 phoric, silioicand hydrofluoric acids; soda; pptas- 
 sa; ammonia;. lime; tnagnesia; and peroxide of 
 iron. The proportion of solid matters in 1000 
 parts of urine may vary from 90 to 70." The 
 following table expresses the relative amounts 
 of the different components in every ,1110 parts 
 of the solid matter, according to the analysis of 
 different observers. 
 
 Btrzzlius, Lehmann, Simty}t,Marckand, 
 
 Urea, ' -45.J0 
 
 49.68 
 
 33.80 
 
 48.fll 
 
 Uric Acid, 1.5r 
 
 1.61 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.59 
 
 Extract! v(' matter, ^ 
 
 
 
 
 Ammonia, Salts, f «,, «« 
 and Chloride off •"'■■'" 
 
 28.95 
 
 42.60 
 
 32.49 
 
 Sodium, ) 
 
 
 
 
 Alkaline Sijlphates, 10.30 
 
 il..58- 
 
 P.14 
 
 10.18 
 
 AlJtalinePhiipliales 6.S8. 
 
 5.96 
 
 6.50 
 
 - 4.57 
 
 PhosplitfteBcf .inie") .-a 
 and magnesia," 5, 
 
 1.97 
 
 1.59 
 
 1.81 
 
 Its average specific gravity is about 1.015. 
 The quantity passed by the adult in the 24 
 hours varies. On the average it may amount 
 to two pounds and a half. Sometimes, the urine, 
 in health and disease, exhibits appearances that 
 have received special names. Thus, that which 
 is characterized by a deficiency of solid mat- 
 ters generally, has been called Hydniria, {'udai, 
 • water,') by a deficieiicy of urea, Anazotu'ria, 
 («v, privative, and azote,) by a superabundaiice 
 oi\xxea.,Azotu'ria. L rine in which the depo- 
 site' consists of lithic acid, and the lithates, has 
 been termed lAthu'ria ; and that in which the 
 deposite consists of the earthy and earthy-alka- 
 line phosphates, Cerarnu'ria, zfg«/n{, ' potter's 
 earth,' &c., &c. At times, a pellicle forms on 
 the surface {Cremor urintB) which consists of 
 mucus and some salts: at others, there is a 
 cloud, {Nubec'nla, iiiibes,) towards its upper 
 part, which is called Etiaore'ma when it is sus- 
 pended, as it were, about the middle of the li- 
 quid. Occasionally, there is a sediment, to 
 which the names Hypos' tasis, Sedimentiim, &c., 
 have been given. (See'these various words.) 
 The urine is often deserving of attention in dis- 
 ease ; but it has been considered a matter of 
 more importance than it merits. Some empi- 
 
 rics have presumed to pronounce on the nature 
 of disease by simply inspecting it. See Uio- 
 scopy. 
 
 Hunaan urine was, .at one time, consider- 
 ed aperient ; and was>given in jaundice, in the 
 dose of one or two ounces. Cow's urine, Urind 
 Vacope^ A'Iftow.er water, was once used, warm 
 from' the cow, as a purge, in the dose of Oss. 
 
 Urine has been variously designarted by pa- 
 thologists, according to its appearance, &c., for 
 exatriple : — 
 
 Urine, Ank'mic, Vri'na anx'mica. Used, 
 but not felicitously, for the form of urine that 
 occurs in ancemia, chlorosis, &c. — Becquerel. 
 
 URINE ARDENTE, Ardent urine— u. 
 Bloody, Haematuria — u. de la Boisson, Urine, 
 hysterical, see Urine — u. de la Coetion, see 
 Urine. 
 
 Ukine, Cktide, (F.) Urine erne. Urine that 
 is thin, transparetit, anid but little coloured, af- 
 fording neither cloud nor deppsite.. i 
 
 URINE CRUE, Urine, crude— k. Cuite, 
 see Urine. 
 
 Urine;' Ctstinic, Cystinu'ria. Urine con- 
 taining cystine or cystic oxide in solution, or as 
 a deposite* , . , 
 
 Urine, DiabeTjc, Uri'na diahe'tica. Urine 
 passed in Diabetes . inellit/ts, Melitu'ria. It 
 contains a large quantity of sugar analogous to 
 that of the grape, which may be separated jn 
 the form of crystals. In other respects, the 
 urine is very abundant and' very limpid in that 
 aflTection. 
 
 URINE DE LA DIGESTION, see Urine.. 
 
 Urine, Drop'sical, is an animoni^cal urine, 
 often containing much albumen and scarcely 
 any urea. 
 
 LTrine, DYspfip'Tio, has ^been found to preci- 
 pitate tannin abundantly, and to soon putrefy. 
 
 URINE APAISfiE, Urine, mucilaginous; 
 
 Urine, Febrile,' Uri'Ma fehrilis. Urine dis- 
 charged in inflammation arid inflammatoryfever. 
 
 Urine, Filamentous, see Filamentous. 
 
 Urine, Floc'culent, (F.) Urine Jloconneuse, 
 is when the fluid is troi^bled by flocculi, sus- 
 pended in it. 
 
 UrinXFuhftira'ceous, see Piirfuraceoua — a. 
 Floconnense, Urine, flocculent — «. des Cfout- 
 teuas. Urine, gouty. 
 
 Urine, Gouty, (F.) Urine des gontteux, con- 
 tains much phosphate of lime, and after severe 
 attacks of gout, precipitates a mixture of the 
 uric and rosacic acids. 
 
 URINE BUILEUSE, Urine, oily. 
 
 Urine, Hyster'ical, is clear, colourless, and 
 similar to the Urine de la Boisson., ^ 
 
 Urine, Icter'ical, contains bile — u. Inconti- 
 nence of. Enuresis. 
 
 Urine of Infi.a.'vi'matory Diseases. This 
 is, generally, small in quantity, and very high- 
 coloured. ' . 
 
 Urine, Involuntary Discharge of, Enure- 
 sis. 
 
 URINE, JUMEN'TOUS, Uri'na jumento'sa 
 seu j amenta' ria, (F.) Urine Jumenteuse, A 
 term used, by the French, for amraoniacal urine, 
 rendered turbid by a substance similar to small 
 grains of dust, which causes it to resemble the 
 urine of herbivoroils animals. 
 
 URINE LAC'rESCBNTE,,V. milky— «. 
 Laiteiise, Urine, milky. 
 
 Urine, Milky, (F.) Urine lartescente o\i lai- 
 teuse. White and troubled urine. 
 
URINIFEROUS 
 
 876 
 
 URTICARIA 
 
 Urine, MuciLAs/'iNgus, (F.) Urine epaisse. 
 Urine containing ipuch mucus. 
 
 Ueine, -Nervous. THin and very liquid 
 urine ; such as is passed shortly after the attack 
 of nervous diseases. 
 
 Urine of Nervous Fevers is generally very 
 thin; and often deposits a mixture of uric and 
 Tosacic acids. 
 
 Urine, Oily, (F.) Vrine huileuae, is that 
 which pours like oil, or which has an oily pel- 
 licle at its surface. 
 
 UrinB, Oxalic, Oxalu'riai Urine contain- 
 ing a salt of the oxalic acid. 
 
 Urine, Phosphor es-'oent, Phosphoru'ria, 
 Fhospku'ria. Urine which is luminous or phos- 
 phoresceBt. 
 
 Urine, PnR'ruRio, Forphuru'na. Urine, con- 
 taining purpuric acid ^nd lis salts. 
 
 Urine, Riok'ety, contains much phosphate 
 of lime. ^ '^ 
 
 Urine, Sandy, Arenosa urina — u. Stoppage 
 of, Ischuria — u. TereWe, Urine, thin. 
 
 Urine, Thin, (F.) Urine tenue. Urine that 
 is transparent, slightly coloured, and but little 
 - dense. 
 
 URINIF'EROUS,t;^riMi/«r,frpm5u5ov,'urine,' 
 and fero,' I carry.' That which carries urine. 
 ^Urinif'erous Tubes or Ducts of Belli'nj, 
 Tu'huli vel duc'tus urinif'eri Belli'ni, Tu'buli 
 Belli'ni, Bellinia'ni Ductus, Bellfuia'nse Fis'- 
 tulae. The collection of small tubes, con- 
 verging from the cortical part of the kidney to 
 the apices of the papillte. 
 
 URINODES, Urinous. 
 
 URINOM'ETER, from ougor, 'urine,' and 
 yutr^oiv ' measure.' A hydrometer for taking 
 the specific gravity of Urinte. 
 
 U'RINOUS, Vrino'sus, Vrino'des. Having 
 the character of urine. Similar to urine. 
 
 UROCE'LE, CEde'ma scroti urino' sum, Vros- 
 eheoc6'le,Osckeoce'lSurina'lis,tTomovgov/ urine/ 
 and xij^);, ' a rupture.' A tumour of the scro-, 
 tum, owing to the effusion of urine into the same, 
 and into the cellular tissue. 
 
 UROCHES'IA, Ui ochez'ia, from ou^or, 
 'urine,' and o^stjiv, 'to go to stool.' A dis- 
 charge of urine by the bowels. 
 ^UROCRASIA, Enuresis. 
 
 UROCRIS'IA, fpm ougor, ' urine,' and xfivio," 
 'I judge.' Vrocrite'rion. A judgment formed 
 dither of the liriile, or of disease after inspect- 
 ing the urine. 
 
 UROCRITERION, Urocrisia. 
 
 UROCYSTIS, Urinary bladder. 
 
 UROCYSTITIS, Cystitis. 
 
 UROCYSTOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhcea. 
 
 URODIAL'YSIS, from ov^fv, ' urine,' and 
 Sittwa-tg, ' dissojution, loss of strength;' A par- 
 tial an4 temporary suspension of the function 
 of the kidney, such as occurs in the course of 
 most acute diseases. A condition of the func- 
 tion of the kidney and of the urine, similar to 
 that observed in acute diseases, Ijut without lo- 
 cal mischief or preceding inflammatory fever, 
 has been termed, when occurring in children, 
 JJrodial'ysis Neonato'rnm ; in the aged, Uro- 
 diedysis Se.mtm. — Schonlein. 
 
 URODOCHIUM, Urinal. 
 
 URODYN'IA, from oi/jor, ' urine,' and 'Ivvn, 
 ' pain.' Pain during the excretion of the urine. 
 
 UR(EDEMA, Urapostema. 
 
 UROLITHI, Calculi, tirinary. 
 
 UROLITHIASIS, Lithia. 
 
 UROLITHOLOG'IA; from oujov, 'urine,' 
 \i6o!,. ' a s^one,' and Aoyoc, ' adescription.' A 
 description of urinairy calculi. . 
 
 UROLITHOTOMIA, Lithotomy. 
 
 UROMANTI'A, from ougoi., ' iirine,' and 
 ftaitut, ' divination.' The art of divining dis- 
 eases by simple inspection of the ufine; TJro- 
 sco'pia. One professing to be, able to do this 
 is called TIroman'tes. Vulgarly, a water doctor. 
 
 URON, Urine. 
 
 URON'CUS, from oufw, ' urine,' and oyxot, 
 'a swelling.^ , A urinary swelling. 
 
 URONOL'OGY, XIrcnolog"ia, from owgov, 
 ' urine,' and yioyot, 'a description,' The part of 
 medicine which treats of the urine. 
 
 UROPHTHISIS, -Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 UROPLA'NIA, from ov/ar, ' urine/ and 
 TiKa-vH,' wandering.' The presence of urine in 
 other parts than the urinary organs. 
 
 U ROPOE' SiSjIXropoie' sis, from o iifov, ' urine,' 
 and noi'Eu, .' I make.' Secre'tio uri'nx seu lo'tii. 
 The secretion of urine "by the kidney. 
 
 UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis. 
 
 UROPYGION, Coccyx. 
 
 UROPYGIUM, Crovpion. 
 
 URORRHAGIA, Diabdtes. 
 
 URORRHOEA, Enuresis, Diabetes. 
 
 UROSCHEOCELE, Urocele. 
 
 UROSCOPIA, see Uromantia. 
 -4JR0'SES, from ou^ov, ' urine.' Diseases of 
 the urinary organs.^Alibert. 
 
 UROS'TEALITH, froiji ougor, ' urine,' (rtiaf, 
 'suet,' and JiSof, ' stone.** An ingredient of 
 urinary calculi discovered by Heller, which is 
 soluble in carbonate ofsoda. < 
 
 ' UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis. 
 
 UROZEMIA, Diabetes — a. Albuininosa, 
 Kidney, Bright's disease of the — u. Mellita, 
 Diabetes mellitus. 
 
 URl I'CA, I/. Dioi'ca; U. 'major, Py'rethrum, 
 the Common stingiv^ nettle^ Adice, (F.) Ortie, 
 Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Te- 
 trandna. This plant has been long used for 
 medical and culinary purposes. The young 
 shoots, in the spring are considered to possess 
 diuretic and antiscorbutic properties. 
 
 Uetica DioicA, Urtica — u. Iners magna foe- 
 tidissinia, Galeopsis^ — u. Major, U. dioica — u. 
 Minor, U. urens — ti. Mqrtua, Lamium album. 
 
 Urtica Pilulif'era, Pill-bearing Nettle, 
 U. Pilulo'sa, U.Roma^na, (F.) Ortie Romaine. 
 The seed was formerly given in diseases &f the 
 chest. Nettles have beeil used as stimulants to 
 paralytic limbs. 
 
 Urtica Pilulosa, U. pilulifera — u. Roman, 
 U. pilulifera. 
 
 Urtica Urens, 77. minor, Diearf nettle, (T.) 
 Ortie brulante. A lesser variety of the nettle, 
 possessing similar virtues. 
 
 VRTICAI&E, Urticaria; 
 
 URTICA'RIA,from!jrtica, 'a nettle;' Smra- 
 the'sis urtica'ria, XIre'do, Scarlatina urtica'ta, 
 Cnido^sis, Urtica'ria porcella'na, Exnnthe'ma 
 urtica'tum, Epinifc'tis pruriginp^sa, Fehris ur- 
 tica'ta, Pur'pura lirticata, Fehris rubra pruri- 
 gino'sa. Saltans rosa, (F.) Urticaire, Fievre 
 Ortie, Porcelaine, Tfettle-rash; from urtica, ' a 
 nettle,' because the eruption resembles that pro- 
 duced by the stings of a nettle. A disease dis- 
 tinguished by those elevations of the cuticle 
 called wheals. They have a white top, and are 
 
URTICATID 
 
 677 
 
 UTERUS 
 
 often surrounded by a diffuse redness. They 
 excite intolerable itching, especially wh,en the 
 person is warm in bed. The eruption fre- 
 quently goes and comes, once or more in the 
 24 hours, and is generally dependent upon gas- 
 tric derangement. In some people, nettle-rash 
 is induced, by shell-fish, eggs, nuts^ &c. It is 
 not usually a disease of any consequence, and 
 its treatment is limited to the use of absorbent 
 laxatives, and simple generalmeans. Willan has 
 described six varieties of the complaint; — Vr-. 
 tica'riafebri'lis, U. evan'idd, t/. perstans, U. 
 confer'ta, U, subcuta'nea, and U, tubero's^. 
 
 Urticaria Poecellana, Essera, Urticaria. 
 
 URTICA'TIO, Cnido'sis, Vrtication, from 
 urtica, ' a nettle.' A sort of flagellation, with 
 nettles ; — used with the intention of exciting 
 the skin. 
 
 URUCU, Terra Orleana. ■ 
 
 USNEA, Lichen saxatilis. 
 
 USTILAGO, Ergot. 
 
 USTIO, Burn, Ustion. 
 
 USTION, Us'tio) Causisyfrom urere, ustiem, 
 'to burn.' The act of burning or of applying 
 the actual cautery. Also the effect of cauteri- 
 zation; — a burn. 
 
 USTULA'TIO. An operation by which a 
 substance is dried by warmings. 
 
 ■USUALIA, Officinals. , 
 
 USUS, Habit. 
 
 UTER, Uterus. 
 
 UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria— u. Ante- 
 versio, Hysteroloxia anterior — n. Carcinoma, 
 Metrocarcinoma — u. Convuisivus morbus, Lo- 
 rind matricis — u. Coryza, Leucorrhcea — u. Ex- 
 ulceratip, Hysterelcosis — u. Flexio, Hystero- 
 loxia — u. Inclinatio, Hysteroloxia — ^u. Obliqui- 
 tasj Hysteroloxia-— u. Pronatib, Hysteroloxia 
 anterior — u. Pruritus, Nymphomania — u. Re- 
 flexio completa, Hysteroloxia poslferior^u. Re- 
 troversio, ^Hysteroloxia .posterior — u. Rheuma, 
 Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus, Hysterelcosis — u; Ver- 
 sio incompleta, Hysteroloxia. 
 
 U'TERINE, .Xlteri'nns, from uterus, 'the 
 womb.' That which belongs or relates to the 
 womb. 
 
 Uterine Artery, Arte'ria utcri'na hypogcLs'' 
 trial. Its size is always in a ratio with the 
 greater or less state of .development of the 
 uterus. It arises from the hypogastric, either 
 separately or with the umbilical, or from the 
 internal pudic; passes upon the lateral parts 
 of the vagina, to which it gives branches ; and 
 afterwards ascends on the sides of the uterus, 
 and divides into a considerable number of very 
 tortuous branches, which enter-the tissue Of the 
 organ. ' 
 
 Uterine Muscle of Ruysch consists of some 
 fleshy fibres at the fundus of the uterus, which 
 he regarded as forming a particular muscle. 
 
 UT'ERO-GESTATION, Pregnancy. 
 
 UTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
 
 U'TERUS, XIter,TJtric'ulus, Loci, Locimulie'- 
 hrRs, Vulva, Venter, Arvumnatu'ras, Conceptac'- 
 ulnm. Matrix, Ager natu'rse, Hys'tera, Metra, 
 Stem, An'gus, IDelpkys, Alvus, Epompha'lion, 
 Gaster, Mater, Nedys, Postrema, the Womb, (F.) 
 Matrice, Sein. The uterus, destined to lodge 
 the foetus from the commencement of concep- 
 tion till birth, is a hollow symmetrical organ, 
 having the shape of a truncated conoid : it is 
 situate in the pelvis, between the bladder and 
 the rectum, above the vagina, and below the 
 
 convolutions of the small intestine. The uterus 
 is flattened from before to behind, and is nearly 
 an inch in thickness. It is two inches broad, 
 at its highest part, and becomes narrower to.' 
 wards the vagina ; terminating in a contracted 
 portion, called the cervix or neck, to distin- 
 guish it from the rest of the organ, called the 
 body. From its fundus or upper portion the 
 Fallopian tubes pass off. The mouth is called 
 Os Tl'teri or O4 'linca. The cavity is very 
 small, and its parietes are thick., The portion 
 of the cavity corresponding with the body is 
 triangular and Battened. Its superior angles 
 present the extremely fine orifices of the Fallo- 
 pian tubes. The cavity of the neck is slightly 
 dilated before opening- into the vagina. The 
 uterus is composed, I. Of a serous nj-embra^e. 
 This is external, and furnished by the perito- 
 neum,; which is reflected upon the uterus from 
 the posterior surface of the bladder and the an- 
 terior surface of the rectum. It forms, also, 
 the broad ligaments of the uterus, Idgamen'ta 
 lata, Alee vespertilio'nis, Re'tiaU'teri. These 
 contain, above, the Fallopian tube ; beneath ^nd 
 anteriorly, the round • ligaments ; and, behind, 
 the ovary. They are two membranous produc- 
 tions or duplicatures of the peritoneum, sent 
 from the edges of the uterus and posterior ex- 
 tremity of the vagina, in a transverse direction, 
 to be fixed to, and line, the side of the pel- 
 vis. 2, Of a mucous membrane, which is a pro- 
 longation of that of the vagina, and extends into 
 the tubes. 3. Of a proper' tissite, whose thick- 
 ness is considerable. It is of a close texture ; 
 is grayish and elastic ; and resists the instru- 
 ment that divides it. Its intimate nature is but 
 little known. During gestation it;is truly mus- 
 cular. The arteries of the iiterus proceed from 
 the spermatic and hypogastric. Its veins follow 
 the same course, and bear the same name as the 
 arteries. They are very tortuous, and form 
 large Sinuses in the parietes of the organ, — 
 called TJ'terine Si'nuses. Its nerves, proceed 
 from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses. Its 
 lymphatic vessels are very multiplied; and 
 daring pregnancyacquire enormous dimensions. 
 The changes experienced, by the uterus during 
 gestation, and after delivery, are very nume- 
 rous and important to be known. They regard 
 its situation, direction,,size, shape, texture, con- 
 nexions, vital properties, &c. 
 
 Uterus, Abdomen — u. Anteversion of the, 
 Hy steroloxia anterior. 
 
 Uterus Bif'idus. A double uterus. One 
 separated into two cavities. 
 
 Uterus Duplex, Dihysteria — u. Hour-glass 
 contraction of the, Chaton—\i. Inclinatus, Hys- 
 teroloxia. 
 
 ■UTiEUs, Ik'rjtable, Nenral'gla of the Uterus. 
 A disease characterized by deep-seated pain in 
 the lower part of the abdomen, and in the back 
 and loins; generally diniinished by lying down, 
 and increased by exercise, and more severe for 
 a few days preceding ind during menstruation. 
 On examination per vaginam, the uterus is found 
 to be tender on pressure ; and the cervix and 
 body slightly swollen, but not usually indurated. 
 It is an obstinate affection, but frequently ends 
 of itself after years of suffei:ing. The treatment 
 must be, — ^the horizontal posture ; local blood- 
 letting to the uterus ; emollients ; soothing in- 
 jections; narcotics, warm bath, &c. See Hy- 
 steralgia. 
 
UTRICLE 
 
 878 
 
 VACCINA 
 
 Uterus, Inversion. op the, Inver's'o V'teri, 
 Metranas'tiophe,^dopto'sisUteriinver'sa,(¥.) 
 Inversion de la Matrice, ReHversemeiit de, la 
 Matrice. The uterus, displaced and turiied in- 
 side out. This can only happen through want 
 of caution on the part of the njedical practi- 
 tioneii' It is a fatal accident, -unless speedily- 
 reduced. This must be done by gradually re- 
 turning the superior part,- by grasping, it^with 
 the hand, and making the rest follow. 
 
 Uteeus OBLiqucs, Hysteroloxia— u. Eetro- 
 version of the, Hysteroloxia ppsterior. 
 
 Uteros, Kbpthre ■ OF tke^ Metrorrhex'is, 
 Hysterprrhex'is, RuptuWa Uteri, P'erfora'tio 
 ' TJteti, Laceration of the Womb, (F.) Rupture 
 de la Matrice. • This dreadful accident occurs 
 during labour, and is known to have taken place, 
 •when the child's head suddenly recedes during 
 a pain,- with vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold 
 sweats, &c. -When it is evident that this has 
 occurred, the hand must be passed into the^vite- 
 riis, and the feet of the child be brought down. 
 
 Cases are on record, in which partial lacera- 
 tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient 
 has done well. This is a rare event, and not to 
 be anticipated. 
 
 UTRICLE, see Semicircular canals. 
 
 UTRICULI'S, see Ejaculatory Ducts, Ute- 
 rus — u. Communis, see Semicircular cjinals — 
 u. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli. 
 
 UVA, Uvula, see yitis vinifera— u. Ursi, see 
 Atbutus uva ursi. • . . 
 
 UviE CoRiNTHiAOiE, SBC Titis^Coriuthiaca. 
 
 ,UViE yASSM,Rhages,i)ried Grapes, Raisins, 
 see Vitis vinifera. 
 
 Uv;e Passje Majoresv see Vitis vinifera — u. 
 Passas minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca — u. Passse 
 sole siccatse, see Vitis vinifera. , ' ■ 
 
 UVATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma. . , 
 
 U'VEA, from Uiia, 'an unripe grape.' Tu'- 
 nida acino'sa seu aciniformis seu uva'Us seU 
 acina'lis seu uvifor''mis, RhagoVdea, Tv/niea 
 
 rhngo'ides se^x uvea sen perfora'tajM^emirana 
 uvea, Rhox, (F.) Uvie, Someanatomists have 
 given this name to the choroid coat of the eye; 
 others,- to: the posterior layer of the iris, on ac- 
 count of the black and' very thick varnish that 
 covers it. ^ 
 
 • Uvea, Commissure op the, Ciliary ligaipent. 
 
 "UViiE, Uvea. 
 
 UVEI'TIS; a word of hybrid formation: 
 from uvea, ' the uvea,' andjVij, denoting inflam- 
 mation ; properly, iJAffig-oi^ertis. Inflammation 
 of the uvea. 
 
 UVIGENA, Uvula. 
 
 UVIGERA,,Uvul?. , 
 
 U'VULA, diminutive oiuva, 'a grape.' Pin- 
 nac'ulum fo^'nicis guttura'lis, Uva, btaph'yli, 
 Tintinnab'ulum, Colwmel'la, ' Cion, Ci'onis, 
 Garga'reon, Colum'na oris, Gwrgu'lio, Intersep'- 
 tuvi. Processus seu Cartilafgo U'vifer,Uvi*gena, 
 Uvi'gera, Pap of the Throat, Hima^, Plectrum, 
 Suhlin'giia, Suhlin^guiwin, (F.) Luette^. A 
 fleshy appendix or prolongation, which hangs 
 from the middle or free edge, of the Velum pa- 
 lati. The uvuk Kas a conical shape, and is o-f 
 a greater or less size in individuals. It is formed, 
 especially, by the mucous membrane of the 
 velum palati ; and contains, within it, the azy gos 
 uvulae muscle. Its use is not cjear. 
 
 _ Uvula, see Vermiform process inferior — n. 
 Decidua, Staphylcedema — u. Relaxata, Staphy- 
 Icedema — u. Vesical, see Urinary. bladdeK 
 
 U' VOLAR, Uvula'ris, from uvula. That 
 which belongs to the "uvula. 
 
 "Uvular Glands, are small follicles, belong.- 
 ing to the mucous membrane covering the'uvula« 
 
 UVULARIA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
 
 UVULI'TIS, a word of hybrid formation, 
 from uvula, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
 Angi'na uvula'ris, Staphyli'tis^ Cioni'tis, In' 
 Jlarmna'tio u'vula, (F.) ' Injlammation dfi la 
 Luette, Falling down of the Palate. Inflaiu- 
 ^nation of the uvula. 
 
 V. 
 
 VACCT'NA, Vaccin'ia, Vari'ola vaccina, V. 
 vaccin'ica, V. ttito'riii, V. tutrix, Exanthe'ma 
 vaccina, E. antivariolo'sum, Syn'oc/ta vaccina, 
 Vacci'ola, Vacci'ola vera, Vacci'na primig"enii 
 seu vaceinato'ria 'seu antivariolo'sa^ Yucciola 
 scutella'ta, Vari'olce tuto'riic. Cow-pox, Kine 
 Pock, Inoc'ulfited Cow-pox, Kra'phlysis vnc- 
 einu inse/tii, from vncea, ' a cow ;' (F.) Vaccine. 
 The cow-pox is a disease of the cow, arising 
 spontaneously, which, if transmitted to man 
 by means of ihoculation, may preserve him 
 from gmall-pqx contagion. The promulgation 
 of this valuable property of the vaccine vitus 
 is due to Dr. Jenner. When inoculating for 
 small-pox, in Gloucestershire, in 1775, he was 
 surprised to meet with a number of persons in 
 the same district, on whom the insertion of the 
 virus produced no effect;^ although they had 
 never passed throligh the small-pox. On in- 
 vestigation, he found that all these persons had 
 previously been aflfected by a pustular eruption 
 of the cow, which they had taken by milking 
 the animal; and which eruption they called 
 Cotti-pox, This discovery induced him to in- 
 
 stitute experiments, and he found that such 
 preservative effect actually existed. The Vac- 
 cine ^irus, or the fluid of the eruption, is not 
 now usually taken immediately from the Cow ; 
 experience having demonstrated, that it is 
 nearly as eflicacious when obtained from the 
 hurhan vesicle. The characteristic of ccfw-pox 
 eruption is: — a semi-transparent, pearl-coloured 
 vesicle, with a circular or somewhat oval base ; 
 its upper surface, until the end of the Sth day, 
 being more elevated at the margin than in the 
 centre; and the margin itself being turgid, 
 shining, and rounded, so as often to extend a 
 little over the line of the base. This vesicle 
 is filled with clear' lymph; contained' in nume- 
 rous little cells, that communicate with each 
 other. After the 8th or 9th day from the in- 
 sertion of the virus, it is surrounded by a 
 bright red, circumscribed areola, which varies 
 in its diameter, in different cases, from a quarter 
 of an inch to two inches; and is usually attended 
 with a considerable tumour, and hardness of the 
 adjoining cellular membrane. This areola de- 
 clines on the Ilth or 12th day: the suiface of 
 
VACCINATION 
 
 879 
 
 VAGINAL 
 
 the vesicle then hecomes hrown in the centre; 
 ECnd th& fluid, in the cells, gradually concretes 
 into a, hard, rounded scab or crust, of a reddish- 
 hrown colour, which at length becomes darker, 
 contracted, and dry, but is not. detached till 
 thrfee weeks after vaccination. It leaves a per- 
 manent, circular cicatrix, about five lines in di- 
 ameter, and a little depressed; the surface be- 
 ing marked with very ininute pits or indenta. 
 tions, denoting the number of cells of which 
 tha Vesicle' had been composed. '1 his is the 
 progress of the genuine cow-pox. At times,' 
 iever occurs about the 9th or 11th day; biit, at 
 others, not the slightest indisposition is felt. 
 Aberrations from this progress occur, which 
 must be attended to ; as the same preservative 
 influence is not exerted by irregular or spuri- 
 otis cow-pox. If the eruption runs speedily to 
 a height, has an aiireola too early, is irregular 
 at its edges, and contains pus instead of a lim- 
 pid fluid, — it cannot at all be depended upon. 
 
 Small-pox occurs, at times, as an epidemic 
 after vaccination. For a while, the enthusiastic 
 advocates of vaccination would not admit the 
 affection to be small-pox; and, accordingly, 
 they gave it the name Varioloid. It is unques- 
 tionably small-pox, but modified, and greatly 
 divested of its terrors by previous vaccination ; 
 and it is said to happen less frequently after 
 vaccination than after sviall-pox inoculation. 
 Vaccination is now 'practised every where, ex- 
 cept among those in whom ignorance and pre- 
 judice exclude the lights of reason and philan- 
 thropy. 'J'here is ground, however, for dhe be- 
 lief, that for full protection revaccination may 
 be occasionally necessary. ' 
 
 VaCoiha Antivaeiolo'sa, Vacciria — Vi Pri- 
 migena, Vaccina^— v. Tuloria, Vaccina — v. Tu- 
 trix, Vaccina — v. Vaccinatoria, Vaccina. 
 
 VACCINA'TION, Vaccina' tio , from vacca, 
 *a cow;' Cow-pox inoculation, Jenne'rian i?io- 
 eulation. An operation which consists in in- 
 serting the vaccine virus under the cuticle, so 
 that it may come in contact with the absorbents. 
 It is extremely simple, and requires merely that 
 the point of the lancet should be held under the 
 cuticle for a short time. The best time for 
 taking the matter for vaccination is about the 
 7th or 8th day. Before the appearance of the 
 aureola, when it ought to he limpid and trans- 
 pareflt. The most certain method is, to pass it 
 from arm to arm; but this is not always conve- 
 nient; and, hence it is taken upon points or 
 pieces of quill, or between glasses. It mtist, of 
 course, be softened for use. This is done by 
 means of a little water, which does not destroy 
 its efficiency. The scab, too, which falls ofi^ 
 about the end of three weeks — sooner or later 
 — is capable of communicating the affection, if 
 dissolved in water; and this is the most com- 
 mon iriethod of transmitting the vaccine virus 
 in spme countries. 
 
 VACCINE, Vaccina. 
 
 VADCINEL'LA. A term employed by some 
 to designate spurious cow-pox. — Vaccin'o'is, 
 -Vacci'ola sp7i,'ria seu lepro'sa. 
 
 VACCINIA, Vaccina— v. Palustris, Vacci- 
 nium oxycoccos. 
 
 VACCIN'IUMMYRTIL'LUS. T\ie Myrtle 
 Berry, Varcin'in myrtU'lus, Bilberry, Blea-ber- 
 ry, WlioHle-berry, Black Wkorts, Vaccin'ium 
 nigrum, (F.) Airelle Anguleiise, Ra'sin de Bote. 
 Family, Vaccines. Sex. Syst. Octandria Mo- 
 
 nogynia. The berries — Bacca MyrtUlo'rum — 
 are esteemed to be antiscorbutic, when prepared 
 with vinegar. They are also said to possess 
 antiseptic and subastringent properties when 
 dried. They are not used in medicine; but are 
 frequently eaten with milk and sugar. 
 
 Vacoimium Nigrum, V. myrtillus. 
 
 Vacoinium Oxycqo'cos, Oxycoccos, Vaccinia 
 palus'tris, Vms Idcc'a pnlits'tris, Moorbprry, 
 Cranberry, Mossbcrry, Swamp Redherry, Sour- 
 berry, (F.) Canneherge. The berries are plea- 
 santly acid and cooling. They make an agree- 
 able preserve. 
 
 Vacoinium Vitis Id^^'a, Red Bilberry, Am'- 
 pelos Idce'a, Whortleberry, Cowberry,!^.) Airelle 
 oui Canneberge ponctuee, A decoction of the 
 leaves has been used in calculous affections. 
 They are astringent. The ripe berries are plea- 
 santly acid, and refrigerant. Whortleberries, are 
 furnished by different species of Vacciniuml 
 
 VACCINOIS, Vaccinella. 
 
 VACCIOLA,' Vaccina — v. Leprosa, Vacci- 
 nella — V. Scutellata, Vaccina— v. Spuria, Vac- 
 cinella — V. Vera, Vaccina. 
 
 VACILLATIO, Titubk'tio, from vacillare, 
 ' to waver.' Staggering ; waddling^c/awiifica'.- 
 tio anat'icct. 
 
 Vacillatio Dentium, Odontoseisis. 
 
 F4G/iT, Vagina. 
 
 VAGI NA, ' a sheath.' . Vugi'na nfulie'brts 
 seu uieri'na seu V'terl seu Penis, Si.nit-s mnlie'' 
 Oris seu Pudo'ris seu Fuden'di, Col'eus, Peris, 
 Perjn, Colpos, Vulvo-uterine cnnal, (F.) Vagin. 
 A cylindrical canal, fiv? or six inches long; si- 
 tuate within the pelvis, betvi^een the bladder and 
 rectum. It, communicates hy one extremity. 
 Aulas, with the vulva; by the other, with the 
 vromb, the neck of which it embraces. The 
 vagina is lined, internally, by a mucous mem- 
 brane; and' is partly closed, in young females, 
 by the hymen, and carunculsB myrtiformes. — ■ 
 Around the inucous inembrane is a layer of 
 spongy, erectile tissue; and a celltflo-vascular 
 membrane. A constrictor muscle; numerous 
 vessels furnished by the vaginal artery,, parti-, 
 cularly; veins and nerves, procee4ing from the 
 sciatic plexus, also, enter into the composition 
 of the organ. 
 
 The terra Vagina or Sheath, Theca, is extend., 
 ed to many parts, which serve eis envelopes to 
 others. . 
 
 Sheath, (F.)- Gakne, is sometimes applied to 
 the fascia enveloping the limbs;, to eellirlar 
 membrane, enveloping the muscles, arid enter- 
 ing^ between thdir fibres; to that which sur- 
 rounds the blood-vessels; to the synovial mem- 
 branes surrounding tendons, and lining the 
 gutters of l)ones, &c. 
 
 Vagina Cordis, Pericardium — v. Femoris, 
 Fascia lata aponeurosis — v. Funiculi Umbili- 
 calis„see Funiculus umbilicalis — v. Glissonii, 
 Capsule of Glisson — v. Malleolaris externa, 
 Retinaculum tendinum perinsorum — v. Mulie- 
 bris,, Vagina-^v. Nervorum, Neurilpmiria — v._- 
 Penis, Vagina — v. Portae, Capsule of Glisson — < 
 V. Uterina, Vagina. 
 
 Vagina of the Vena Porta, Sheath of the 
 Vena Porta, (F.) Gahie de la Veine-porte, is the 
 cellular membrane that accompanies the divi- 
 sions of the vena porta into the substance of the 
 liver; the capsule of Glisson. 
 
 VAG"INAIi, Vagina'lis, from vagina, 'a 
 sheath.' ' 
 
VAGINITIS 
 
 VALVULA 
 
 Vaginal Artery. This exists, as a matter 
 of course,jonl)5|iii the female. It arises from 
 the hypogastric or from the uterine, Tresical, 
 internal pudic, umbilical, &c., and sends its 
 branches, first to the lateral parts of the vagina, 
 and afterwards to the anterior and posterior 
 surfaces. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Eye, Tu'niea Vagi- 
 n'a'lis O'culi, Subtmus'cular Fascia, is a mem- 
 branous coat, which separates the eye-ball from~ 
 the other structures in the orbit, and forms a 
 smooth hollow surface, by which the motions 
 of the eye are facilitated. 
 
 Vaginal Coat of the Testicle, Tu'nioa 
 Vagina'lis, T. Elytroi'des vel Elytro'des, is 
 the serous membrane which envelops the tes- 
 ticles. Before the descent of the testicle, the 
 tunica vaginalis does not exist. It is formed 
 by a prolongation, furnished by the peritoneum 
 to the testicle when it issues from the abdomen, 
 ■which subsequently contracts ; and, ultimate- 
 ly, is entirely separated from it, constituting a 
 distitict coat. The tunica vaginalis forms a 
 close sac, which is Teflecte4 over the testicle 
 and epididymis, without containing them in its 
 cavity. Its inner surface is smooth, and lubri- 
 cated by a serous fluid. Its outer surface ad- 
 heres to the fibrous coat, common to the sper- 
 matic cord and testicle. This reflected portioii 
 is the Tunica vaginalis testis. 
 
 Vaginal Process of^ the Temporal BoNi, 
 {Y.)Apopkysc vaginale oil en^ainant^, Ga^nede 
 Vapophyse styloids, Chaton, is a bony crista, 
 which embraces the "base of.the styloid process. 
 
 VAGINITIS, Leucorrhcea (vaginal.) 
 
 VAGISSEMENT, Cry, Vagitns. 
 
 VAGI'TUS, (F.) fagissement. The Cry 
 of the new-born child. S quailing. 
 
 Vagi'tus Uteri'nits. The cry of the child 
 in utero. 
 
 VAGUS NERVUS, Pneumogastric. 
 
 VAIRON (F.), Dispar oc'iilu^s. One who 
 has eyes of difierent tolours. It also means a 
 wall-eyed animal, or one whose iris is surround:- 
 ed by a whitish circle. 
 
 VAISSEAU, Vessel— «;. Sanguin, Blood- 
 
 VGSSsl. 
 
 VAISSEAUX CAPILLAIRES, Capillary 
 vessels — V. Chylifhes, Chyliferous vessels — v. 
 iffirte's, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lactifires, Lac- 
 tiferous vessels — v. Omhilicaux, Umbilical 
 vessels, 
 
 VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica. 
 
 VALERIAN, AMERICAN,' Cypripedium 
 luteum — V. Garden, Valeriana phu — ViOflicinal, 
 V^leriana^ — v. Wild, Valeriana. 
 
 VALERI A'NA,F. officina'lis,Wild Vdle'rian, 
 Valeriana minor, Offic"inal "Valerian, FaTnily, 
 Dipsaceffi. Sex, Syst, Triandria Monogynia. 
 The root, Yaleria'na, (Ph. U. S.) has been long 
 extolled as an efficacious remedy in epilepsy, 
 and in a variety of nervous 'complaints. It has 
 been also advised as a tonic, antispasmodic, and 
 emmenagogne. It has a strong, fetid odour ; 
 bitterish, subacrid, and warm taste ; audits vir- 
 tues are extracted by wsiter and alcohol. 
 
 Valeriana Celt'ioa, Celtic Nard, Spiea Cel- 
 tica,S. Alpi'na, Nardus Cel'tica, Sallun'ca, Nar- 
 dum Gall'icum, Spiea Cel'tica Dioscor'idis, (F.) 
 Nard Celtique, The roots of this Alpine plant 
 have been recommended as a stomachic, carmi- 
 native and diuretic. It has a moderately strong 
 smell, and a warm, bitterish, subacrid taste. 
 
 Valeriana Denta'ta,7'. locus'ta,Corn Salad. 
 A wholesome, succulent plant, cultivated in 
 Europe as a salad. It is antiscorbutic and , 
 gently aperient. 
 
 Valeriana Major, V. phn — v. Locusta, V. 
 dentata — v. Minor, Valeriana — v. Officinalis, 
 Valeriana. 
 
 Valeriana Phu, V, major, Garden Valerian, 
 (F.) Grand Valeriane, The root has been re- 
 commended in rhfeiimatism; especially in scia- 
 tica, and dn epilepsy, &c. 
 
 VAL£RIANE GRAND, Valeriana phu. 
 
 VALET J PATIN(P.), Vptsel'la Pati'ni. 
 The common ligatu/e forceps is a modification 
 of this instrument invented by one Patin. It 
 consists of two branches, united at the middle 
 by a hinge, which n^ay be separated or appf6xi- 
 mated by means of a screw or running ring. It is 
 usedfijr seizinghold of vessel^that are to be tied." 
 
 VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital. 
 
 VALETUDIN ARI US, Sickly, Valetudinary. 
 
 VALETU'DINARY, Valefudma'rian, Vale- 
 tudina'rius]\I?waHdus, from valetudo, ' health.' 
 — One of delicate health. One subject to fre- 
 quent diseases. An Invalid. 
 
 VALETUDO", Sanitas — v. Adversa, Disease 
 — V. Bona, Sanitas — v. Commpda, Sanitas— v. 
 Secunda, Sanitas; 
 
 VALGUS, see Kyllosis. 
 
 VALIGA, Tinctura jalapii. 
 
 VALITUDO, Sanitas. 
 
 VALLECULA, Valley.. 
 
 VALLEY, Vatlee'ula, (F.) Grand Seissure 
 Mediane du Cervelet, The deep fissure on the 
 inferior part of the cerebellum, which divides it 
 into two symmetrical portions. 
 
 VALLUM. The eyebrow or supercilium. 
 Also, a species of bandage. — Galen. 
 
 VALiS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 French acidulous chalybeate 4t Vals, six leagues 
 from Viviers, in the department of Ardeche. 
 There are five springs, containing carbonic acid, 
 sulphate of iron, and alum. They are employed 
 in passive hemorrhages, lepcorrhcea, &c. 
 
 VALVE, Val'vula,'Diclis, (F . ) Valv ule, from 
 valvce, ' folding-doors,' itself from volvq, ' I fold 
 up.' A small door^ Any membrane or dupli- 
 cature of a membrane, whicji prevents a re- 
 flux of humours or other matters in the vessels 
 and canals of the animal body., There.are some 
 valves, whose functions appear to be,^to re- 
 tard of to modify the course of substances along 
 canals, &c. See mitral, sigmoid, tricuspid, ileo- 
 cceeal valve, ^c, ■' ' 
 
 Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin, valve of — v. 
 Ileocoecal, Bauhin, yalve of — v. Ileo-colic, 
 Bauhin, valve of— v. of Tulpius-, Bauhin,, valve 
 of — V. of Varolius, Bauhin, valve of. 
 
 VALVES, SEMILUNAR, Sigmoid valves. 
 
 VALVULA, Valve— v. Caeci, Bauhin, valve 
 of— V. Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. Coli, 
 Bauhin, valve of — v. Foraminis ovalis, Ovalis 
 fossa — V. Guiffartiana, see Thebesius, veins of 
 — V. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of. 
 
 Valvula Semiluma'ris, Plica Semiluna'ris, 
 Membran'ulasemiluna'risconjuneti'va,Pliealu- 
 na'ta, A small doubling of the tunica conjuncti- 
 va, which lies between the caruncula lacrjrmalis 
 and the ball of the eye. Inbirds,this is large, and 
 called Memhra'na nicf titans velPal'pebra ter'tia. 
 
 Valvula Thebesii, see Thebesius, veins of 
 — V. Vaginae, Hymen— v. Venas magnse, see The- 
 besius, valve of. 
 
VALVULE 
 
 VARIOLA 
 
 Valvcla Vieussk'nii, Velum Vieussenii, 
 Val'vula cei ebel'li seu Willisia'na, Velum infir- 
 jec'tum cerebelli, V. apopk'ysi vermiformi obten- 
 tum, Lacu'nar ventric'uli quarti superior, Ve- 
 llimmidulla'rSse\i medullate anti'cum, (F.)Val- 
 vule de Vieussens, Voile medullaire superieure. 
 A thin, medullary lamina, over the under end 
 of the Aquaeductus Sylvii, and upper part of the 
 4th ventricle. At the sides of the valves are 
 two medullary tracts, called Process'its ad 
 Tesies, Colum'nse Val'vulse Vieussenii, Or Ob- 
 lique intercer'ebral Com'missure. 
 
 "Valvbla WiLLisiANA, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 Valvule Bicuspidales, Mitral valves. 
 
 yA!;.v0LiE Conniven'tes. Numerous circu- 
 lar folds in the intestinal.canal from the pyloric 
 orifice througli the greater part of the small in- 
 testine. They are folds of the mucous mem- 
 brane; and their chief, use appears to be, — to 
 retard the course of the aliment^'y mass, and 
 to afford a larger surface for the origin of chy- 
 liferous vessels. 
 
 Valvule Cokdis, Ostiola cordis-^v. Cordis 
 ihitrales^ Mitral valves— «. ipiscopales. Mitral 
 Talves — V. Triglochine^, Tricuspid valves — vl 
 Trisulcas, Tricuspid valves. 
 
 VALVULE, Valve — v. d'Eustach'e, Eusta- 
 chian' valve — V. de Pyltr; see Pylorus — v. de 
 Vieussens, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VALVULES SIGMOIDES ou SEMILU- 
 iV,AJfi£S,-Sigmoid valves. 
 
 VANELLOE, Vanilla.- 
 
 VANIL'LA, BaniVia, Banilas, Banilloes, 
 Baiiilla, Benzo'enil, Ar'acus aromat'icus, (F.) 
 Vanille, Baitme de Vafiille, The Vanelloe is a 
 long, flattishpod; containing/ under a wrinkled, 
 brittle shell, a reddish-brown pulp, with small, 
 shining, black seeds. The pjirasitic plant which 
 affords this pod- is the Epiden'drum Vanilla. 
 Vanill'a aromat'ica. Family, Orchideae. Sex. 
 Sfst^ Gynandria Diandria. Vanelloes have an 
 unctuous, aromatic taste, and a fragrant smell, 
 like that of some of the finer balsams,/ heightened 
 with musk. Although chiefly used as perfumes,, 
 they are reputed to possess aphrodisiac virtues. 
 
 Vanilla Aromatica, see Vanilla, 
 
 VAPEURS, Hypochondriasis,-Hysteria. 
 
 VAPORA'KI0M, Atmi-ste'rion, tiacon'icum, 
 Py'ria, Pyriate'rium, Suda'rium, Sudato'rium; 
 a Vapour bath. A useful remedy in rheumatic 
 and cutaneous affections ; and wherever it is im- 
 portant to relax the cutaneous capillaries. In 
 the B,ussian Vapour Bath, the vapour is pro- 
 duced by throwing water over hot stones. Its 
 temperature is from 122° to 145°. 
 
 VAPOEAEinm, Hypocaustum, see Stove. 
 
 VAPORATIO, Evaporation. 
 
 VAPORES UTERlNI, Hysteria. 
 
 VAPOUR BATH, Vaporarium. 
 
 VAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, 
 
 Vara, Barre. 
 
 VAREC, Kelp — w. Vesiculeux, Fucus vesi-' 
 culosus. 
 
 VARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus,Gout (wandering.) 
 
 VARICE, Varix. ',. 
 
 VARICEL'LA,(dirainutiveofFa)-!o^a,Small- 
 Pox,) Em'phlysis varieella,Exanthe'7na varicel- 
 la, .Syn'ochus varicella. Chicken pox, Variola 
 lymphat'ica, V. spu'ria,' V. sylves'tris. Variola 
 notkse, V. illegit'imce, Pseudo-variolx, V. volat'- 
 icie, V. pucellie, Moll'ion, JEol'lium, (F.) Vari- 
 %dle,Petite verole volante, Verolette. A disease 
 Maracterized by vesicles scattered over the 
 
 bodyi which are glabrous, transparent, and about 
 the size of peas. They appear in successive 
 crops j are covered by a thin pellicle ; and, about 
 the,3d, 4th, or 5th day from their appearance, 
 burst at the top, and concrete into small, 
 puckered scabs, which rarely leave a pit in the 
 skin.,- Three varieties have, sometimes, been 
 designated. 1 . The V. lentiformes, or lercticu- 
 lar chicien pox, which are irregularly circular, 
 and flattened on the top ; the fluid being at first 
 Whitish, and afterwards strawrcoloured. This 
 is the common chicken pox. 2. The Varicella 
 conifor'ihis, Conoi'dal-Chicken Pox, Pem'phi- 
 gjts variolo'des, Variola lymphat'ica, Hydrach'- 
 nis, Switie Pox, Water Pox, Water Jags, 
 in which the vesicles are generally acuminated, 
 and thei fluid pellucid throughout; and 3dly, the 
 Varicella globula'ris or Hives,^ in whicji the 
 vesicles are globular and larger ; the fluid being, 
 at first, wheyrcoloured, and afterwards yellow^ 
 ish. These divisions', are, however, very arbi- 
 trary, for they are generally confounded. 
 
 Variola has been, sometimes, mistaken for 
 this disease, and conversely. A little attention 
 to the history of the eruption in the two affec- 
 tions will prevent error. Varicella is not con- 
 tagious. At times, k prevails epidemically. It 
 cannot be propagated by inoculation. The 
 treatment is extremely simple; rest, abstinence, 
 and the antiphlogistic regimen, being all that 
 is generally required. 
 
 Varicella Varioloidea, Varioloid. 
 
 V AR I C I FOR'MES PARAS'TAT^. A 
 name given, by Some authors, to the ducts of 
 the epididymis, because they seem knotty and 
 varicose. ' 
 
 VARICOBLEPH^ARON, from Varix, and 
 (jAt^ajov, 'eyelid.' A varicose tumour of the 
 ey'elid. 
 
 VARICOCE'LE, from varix, and xhXii, 'a. 
 tumour ;' Oscheoee'le varico'sa, Her'nia varieo'- 
 sOf, Ramex varico'sus, Spermatoee'll, Cir.socele. 
 A varicose dilat?ition of the veins of the scrotum 
 and, spermatic cord. This latter variety of the 
 disease is more common on the left side than 
 the right. It appears under the form of a soft, 
 doughy, unequal, knotty, compressible, and in- 
 dolent tumour, situate in the course of the cord, 
 arid incteasing from below upwards. It is less, 
 when the individual is in the rectimbent pos- 
 ture, and inch'eases when he is erect. It is, or- 
 dinarily, an affection of iio mopient,and is very 
 commo.n, requiring merely the use of a proper 
 suspensory bandage. It has been advised, in 
 bad cases, to. tie the enlarged vein, but the ope- 
 ration is not free from danger induced by phle- 
 bitis. Sir A. Cooper has proposed the removal 
 of a portion of the scrotum, so as to render the 
 remainder of the scrotum a natural bandage. 
 This plan has been found.effectual. 
 
 VARICOM'PHALUS, from varix and ojjtpa- 
 iog, 'the umbilicus.' Varicose tumour of the 
 umbilicus : cirsoiiiphalus. 
 
 VARICOSE, Varico'sus, (F.) Variqueux. 
 Affected with varix; or belonging to, or cpn- 
 nected with, varix ;^as a varicose vein, a vari- 
 cose ulcer, that is, one kept by varices. 
 
 VARICOSITAS CONJUNCTIVAE, Cirs- 
 ophthalmia. 
 
 VARIC'ULA, Varix parioa. A diminutive 
 of varix. Also, a varicose swelling of the veins 
 of the tunica conjunctiva. — M. A. Severinus. 
 
 VARl'OL A, Variola, V, vera, Varioli, Small- 
 
VARIOLA 
 
 882 
 
 VASCULAR 
 
 Poos, Ejmpye'sis Variola, Euphlog"ia; Chaspl, 
 Moler.'thyini, Pox (N. of England), Pestis va- 
 tiolo'-sa^Febris variolo'sa; from variusj ' spotted,' 
 or from vari, 'pimples;* (F.) Variole", Petite 
 Verole^Picote. ■ A disease now of somewhat less 
 interest than before the discovery of vaccina- 
 tion. It is of a very contagious nature, and is 
 supposed to have bSen introduced into Europe 
 frorn Asia, at an early period of the middle 
 ages. It is characterized by fever, with pus- 
 tules, appearing from the* :id do the 5th day, 
 and suppurating from the 8th tothe 10th, and 
 it possesses all the distinctive properties of the 
 major exanthemata. It is capable of being 
 produced by inoculation, but this inoculat^ 
 small-pooi — Vari'olauiaer'ta — communicates the 
 disease as -readily through the air as the natural 
 small-pox or that received without inoculation. 
 , Small-pqx is distinguished into tv/o classes, 
 according to the character of the eruption, the 
 discrete or distinct, 2Mi \\iG covfi-uent,- 1. In 
 Variola Discre'ta, Evipyesis varioladiscreta. 
 Variola dlscreta henig'na, Variolce regulares seu 
 discrete. Distinct Small-pox, the pustules , are 
 usually of the size of peas ; distinct, distended, 
 and circular; the intervening spaces being red; 
 the fever inflamnaatory throughout; and ceasing 
 when the eruption is complete. 2. In Variola 
 Con'fluens, Empyesis variola confiuens, Vario- 
 lce regula'res conjliien'tes, Vesic'tilx Pivcs Bar':- 
 bara, Vesicules de Sainte-Barbe, or Confluent 
 Small-Pox, the pustules are confluent or run to- 
 gether ; flaccid and irregularly circumscribed; 
 the intervening spaces "being pale, and the ac- 
 companying fever typhoid. In children, diar- 
 rhcea, and, in adults, ptyalism, with swelling of 
 the hands and feet, generally appear towards the 
 period of the secondary fever, which occurs 
 from the tenth to the thiiteenth day. The fe- 
 ver that precedes and accompanies the eruption 
 is called the Eruptive fever. The prognosis' is 
 favourable in the distinct kind, if properly ma- 
 naged. The confluent is always dangerous,— ^ 
 the unfavourable symptoms being-^flattening 
 of the pustules, or subsidence of the eruption; 
 the breathing becoming much obstructed or op- 
 pressed ; or marks of inflammatory and conges- 
 tive affections*)Ccurring in the different viscera. 
 The treatment of the distinct kind is very simple: 
 the antiphlogistic regimen, with cathartics,' 
 being all that is necessary. The confluent kind 
 requires the same management as typhus fever. 
 
 When the pimples are confluent in patches, 
 the patches being, however, separated by inter- 
 vals'of unaffected skin ; it constitutes the clus- 
 tered, coherent or corymbose variety — Vari'- 
 ola corymho'sa. 
 
 Variola Amboinensis, Framboesia — v. Co- 
 rymbosa, see Variola — v. Inserta, Variola (by 
 inoculation) ^v. Lymphatica, Varicella — v. 
 Mitigata, Varioloid. 
 
 Vari'ola sine Vari'olis, Vari'olous Fever. 
 These terms are applied to cases occasionally 
 observed during the prevalence of variola, in 
 which the constitutional phenomena are pre- 
 sent without the Cutaneous eruption. 
 
 Variola Spuria, Varicella — v. Vaccina, 
 Vaccina— V. Vaccinatorum, Varioloid. 
 
 VARIOLjE.Variola—v.Illegitimae, Varicella 
 — v.Modi ficatiB, Varioloid — v . Nothae, Varicella 
 — V. Pucillie, Varicella — v. Sylvestris, Varicella 
 — v. TutoriiB, Vaccina — v. Verae, Variola — v. 
 Volaticae, Varicella. 
 
 VARIOLATION, Inoculation, (Small-pox.) 
 
 VARIOLE, Variola. 
 
 .VARIOLI, Variola. 
 
 VARIOLOID, Variolois, Varioloi'des, Vari'- 
 ola modijlca'ta, V, mitigata, V. vaceinatp'rumj 
 yaricel'lit, VarioloXdea,,hom variola, small-pox, 
 and eifot,' form,'^-resembl ing small-pox. This 
 is, really, small-pox, modified by previous in- 
 oculation or vaccination; and hence it has'been 
 properly called modified small-pox. That it is 
 small-pox is prpved by the fact, that matter, 
 taken from a varioloid pustule, will communi- 
 cate small-pox to one who has never had it 
 naturally or by inoculation, or who has never 
 been vaccinated. .It is, almost always, a milder 
 disease than small-pox^; and this circumstance, 
 with its shorter duration, exhibits the salutary 
 effects of previous vaccination or inoculation. 
 It has appeared epidemically. 
 
 VARIOLOIS, Varioloid. 
 
 VARIQUEUX, Varicose. 
 
 V AKIX., Phleb6urys'7nd,Fh.lehec'tasis,^er'nia 
 seu Ecta'sia vena'rum., Angiecta'sia' veno'sa, 
 Ix'ia, CirsuS, Cedma, Var'icose Vein, (F.) 
 FoWce, is considered, by some, to come from 
 the verb variare, ' to turn,' ' to twist,'-^on ac- 
 count of the sinuosities of varicose veins. Di- 
 latation of- a vein. Varices are owing to local 
 retardation of the venous circulation ; and in 
 ^some cases, to relaxation of the parietes of the 
 veins. They are very common in tbe super- 
 ficial veins of the lower limbs, especially of 
 pregnant females. The tumour or tumours, 
 formed by. varices, are soft, knotty, unequal, 
 indolent, andlivid; without pulsation, and yield- 
 ing readily to the impression of the finger ; but re- 
 ftiirning as soon as the compression is discontinued. 
 Sometimes, the vein bursts and gives rise tO' 
 hemorrhage. The treatment is usually pallia- 
 tive, and" consists in exerting a uniform and 
 constant pressure upon the part, by means of an 
 appropriate bandage.. The radical ciire has, 
 also, been obtained by extirpation, division of 
 the vein, or ligature. The second course is 
 apt to be follqiwed by phlebitis. 
 
 VAROLl, BRIDGE OF, Pons Varolii. 
 
 VARUS, Acne, lonthus, see Kyllosis — v. 
 Mentagra, Sycosis. 
 
 VAS, Vessel, Peiiis — v. Deferens mulieris, 
 Tuba Fallopiana — v. Urinarium, Ureter. 
 
 VASA ABSORBENTIA, Absorbent .vessels 
 -^v.,Capillaria, Capillary vessels — y. Exhalan- 
 tia, Exhalant vessels— v. Hydragoga, Lympha- 
 tic vessels — v. Lactea, Chyliferous vessels^ 
 Lactiferous vessels — v. Meriingea, Meningeal 
 vessels — ^v. Se'dalia, Haeniorrhoidal vessels — v. 
 Lymphatica, 'Lymphatic vessels — v. Nutritia, 
 Vasa vasorum — v. Resorbentia, Absorbent 
 vessels. Lymphatic vessels. 
 
 Vasa Vaso'eum, V. mitri"tia. Small vessels 
 that supply larger. However minutely we trace 
 a vessel, we always find its parietes supplied 
 with blood for its nutrition by a smaller vessel. 
 
 Vasa Vortico'sa, (F.) Tourbillon vascu- 
 laire. The contorted vessels which creep on 
 the choroid coat of the eye; ciliary veins. 
 
 VAS'CULAR, Vascnla'ris, Vasculo'sus, An- 
 gei'al, from vas, ' a vessel.' That which be- 
 longs or relates to vessels ; — arteria], venous, 
 or lymphatic ; but generally restricted to blood- 
 vessels only. Bichat gave the name Vascular 
 system to the blood-vessels, and of this he 
 made two divisions. 1 . The Arterial system, or 
 
VASCULUM 
 
 883 
 
 VEIN 
 
 System of red Hood, (F.) Sijsttme vasculahe a 
 sang rouge, which commences with the radicles 
 of the pulmonaiy veins; and includes the pul- 
 monary veins, the left cavities of the heart and 
 the aorta, with all its ramifications. The bltJod, 
 in this, system, is distributed to the general 
 capillary system, where it loses its arterial 
 quality and becomes venous. 2. The Venous 
 system or ^Vascular system o/'hl^ek bloody (V.) 
 Systime vascidaire d' sang noir, carries the 
 blood from every part of the system to the' 
 lungs. It takes its origin in the general capil- 
 lary system; continues in the veins, Vi^ht auri- 
 cle, and ventricle of the heart and the pul- 
 monary artery and its branches, and is finally 
 lost in the capillary system of the lungs. See 
 Circulation. 
 
 Vascular RADICALS, Radical vessels — v.Sys- 
 tem, intermediate, CaJjlUary system^v. Sys- 
 tem, peripheral. Capillary system — v. Tumour, 
 see Hsemorrhois. •' 
 
 VASCULUM, Penis,, Vessel. ' 
 Vas'culuivi Aber'rans, Appevdix to the Epi- 
 did'ymis: A small convoluted duct, of variable 
 length, generally connected with the duct of the 
 epididymis, immediately before the commence- 
 ment of the vas deferens. 
 VASE J SAiaNER, Cup. 
 VASTUS. That which is vast or has a great 
 extent. 
 
 Vastus Externus 'and Vastus Internus are 
 two considerable, fleshy masses, wnich form 
 part of the Triceps cruris. 
 VASUM, Vessel. ' 
 VATERIA INDICA, see Copal. 
 VATICINIUM CHtROMANTlCUM, Chi- 
 romancy. 
 
 VAULT, (old F. Voulte,) ' a round or turn;' 
 from volvire, volutum, 'to turn ;' Fonux, Carnl- 
 era, ( F.; Voiite, . A name given by anatomists 
 to several parts which are roiinded superioriy ; 
 concave and arched infetiorly, — as the Vimlt of 
 the cranium, or the upper p?rt of the skuU, — 
 the Palatine vault or roof of the mouth, &c., &c. 
 VAUQUELINE,Strychnina. 
 VEf?DRDI-A, Idiotism. ' , 
 VECTIS, Lever— V. Elevatorius, Elevator 
 — V. Triploides, Elevator, triploid. 
 r£G£TATIF, Vegetative. 
 VEGETA'TION, Vegeia'tioi,' growing like 
 a plant,' i^om vigeo, '1 flourish.' A morbid part, 
 which rises as an excrescence in syphilis, &c. — 
 as the Caulijlowar excrescence, &c. The term 
 is also applied to the fleshy granulations or Hy- 
 persareoses, which sometimes arise at the sur- 
 faces of wounds or ulcers. 
 
 VEG"ETATIVE,Feg-««a«i'«Ms,(F.)Feg-eVa<«/, 
 same etymon as the last. Having relation to 
 growth or nutrition; hence, the vegetative or 
 nutritive /unctions.' 
 
 VEGETATIVUS, Vegetative. 
 VE'HICLE, Vehic'ulum.,Qche'ma, Constit'u- 
 ens, (F.) Vehiciile, from vehere, ' to carry.' Any 
 thing which serves to carry; thus ak is the veil leie 
 of sound} the arteries are ihevehicles of the blood, 
 &c. In Pharmacy, the name vehicle is given to 
 any excipient ; or to substances which serve as 
 the media of administration for any medicine. 
 V^HICVLE, Vehicle. 
 
 VEIN, Vena, diminutive ven'ttla, Phlebs, 
 Phleps, (F.) Veine. The veins are vessels for the 
 conveyance of black blood from every partof the 
 body to the heart. They are found wherever 
 
 there are arteries, and, altogether, form the ve- 
 nous system, whicl) may be subdivided into two 
 distinct secondary systems. I., The General 
 venous system, which commences in all the 
 organs, by very minute radicles; and termi- 
 nates in the lieart by the ,vena cava and the co- 
 ronary vein. 2. The Abdominal venous system, 
 which is limited to the a'bdominal cavity ; com- 
 mences, also, by a great number, of branches, 
 and terminates in tl^ liver by a single trunk, 
 which subdivides in Ihat organ. It is called, 
 also, the System of the Vena Porta, or the Por- 
 tal System. See Porta. The veins form two 
 sets, one deep-sented, Venm satel'lites, V. con- 
 com'ites, which accompany the arteries; the 
 o\.\i&t superficial or snbcittuneo^ts. Their pari- 
 etes, which are thinner than those of ihe arte- 
 ries,- are corjiposed, of ^two coats ; the one, ex- 
 ternal, loose, extensible, and with parallel, 
 longitudinal fibres — the proper membrane; the 
 other, the common or innei- met^brane, which is 
 thin, polished, and has numerous duplicatures 
 or folds forming! parabolic valves. These 
 valves are most numerous in the veins of the 
 lower extremities. The coats of the veins are 
 supplied with small arteries or vasa vasoritm, 
 veins, and lymphatics. They have not as many 
 nervous filaments as the arteries'. These fila- 
 ments are from, the great sympathetic^ 
 TABLE OF THE VEINS. 
 
 1. TEINS WHICH FORM THE ST/PERIOR YEPTA CAVA. 
 
 
 Receives the 
 I. Basilic, formed of tbe 
 
 2.CephaI'c,formingtlie 
 
 3. Circumflex veins. 
 
 4. Inferior aca|>ular. 
 
 5. Long thoracic. 
 
 6. Superior thoracic. ■■ 
 
 7. Aciomfal veins. 
 
 . Receives the 
 
 li 
 
 Posterior ulnar. 
 
 2, Anterior ulnar. 
 
 3. Median basilic, 
 l."Superficial radial. 
 2. Median cephalic. 
 
 fl 
 
 Pterygoid. 
 
 Sphenopalatine. 
 
 Alveolar. 
 
 1. Imernal maxillary,-^ 4.^Infra-orbitar. 
 composed of the I 5, Mental. . 
 'Ell I 6. Inferior dental. 
 
 B. \1. Deep temporal. 
 
 (\ Middle temporal. 
 3.Superficial Temporal, ) 2. Anterior aiuHculdra. 
 composed of the 1 3. Transvei-se of the 
 ( face. 
 
 3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then takejB 
 the name of External Jugular^ and, in its 
 
 -^ course along the neck, receives — 
 
 4. Cervical Cutaneous. 
 .5. Trachelo-scapulai', &c. ^ 
 
 Heceives 
 I. Superior Cerebral Veins. 
 9. Veins of the Corpus striatum. 
 
 3. Veins of the Choroid plexus. 
 
 4. Superior Cerebellar Veins. 
 
 5. inferior Cerebellar Veins.^ 
 
 6. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins. 
 l.LHchrymal. ' 
 
 2. Central of the retina. 
 
 3. Infra-orbitar. 
 ■ 4 Ciliary. 
 
 5. Ethmoidal. 
 
 6. Palpebral, and 
 (_7. Nasal Veins, 
 f I. P(\lpebrai. and 
 
 2. Superciliary Veins. 
 
 3. Dorsals of the nose. 
 
 4. SdMor^^?^""^; 
 
 5. Inferior < "^« ^^ 
 
 7. Ophthalmic Vein, 
 composed of the 
 
 8. FacTal Vein, called 
 
 nn/ji^flri' near the eye, { 
 receiving the ' 
 
 the lip, 
 e-i^everal Buccal and 
 7. Mfisseteric Veine. 
 8 Ranine, 
 9. Submental, and 
 1. 10. Inferior Palatine. 
 9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins. 
 10. Superior thyroid. 
 II Occipital, and 
 12. Veins of the Diplofi." 
 
VEIN 
 
 884 
 
 VEN^SECTIO 
 
 2. Right Internal Mammary Vein. 
 
 3. Inferior Thyroid Vein, opening into the Vena Cava,' 
 
 between the two Subclavians. 
 
 M. Right Bronchial. 
 4VenaA2yg03,which receives the < 2. 1 ntei costal Veins. 
 ( 3. Semi-azygos. ■ 
 
 9. VE1NS,WH1CH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA. 
 
 fl. Femoral ^ 
 
 or Crural, / 
 
 which is a , a, 
 
 conf.inua- ~ ^ 
 
 tiori pf the 
 
 Receive the 2. Popliteal, Y,\. 
 
 1. External J commen- \'&. Extetnal 
 
 IUacs,furm- » cing by 3 ' S^hena 
 
 ed by the — veinswhich and 
 
 accompany )■% Internal-^ 
 
 "1. Several 
 abdominal 
 
 ■ veins. 
 
 2. Circum- 
 flex Iliac, 
 
 Saphena, I and 
 wbich re- 3. External 
 cejve — I pudic 
 (, veins. 
 
 , toris.in the female. 
 
 Abdominal branch. 
 2. Dorsal branch. 
 
 the fibular 
 arreries;and 
 receiving 
 Vthe-^ ;, 
 
 InternkUl. Vesical l^eina, M.Dorsal veins of the 
 s -^ lUacs which 3 commencing with 1 penis of the-male. 
 ^ receive 1 the a 12. Veins of the cli- 
 
 the— (aSacrolateralVeins. ( 
 
 3. Middle Sacral Vein. 
 
 4. Lumbar Veins— four in 
 Dumber on each side, 
 commencing by an— 
 
 ( 1. Spermatic plexui in 
 
 5. Spermat;lc Veins, com- ) the male, 
 mencing with the i2. Ovarium, Fallopian 
 
 { tube, &c. in the female. 
 ,6. Renal Veins. 
 
 7. Capsular and Adipose Veins, 
 
 8. Hepatic Veins. 
 
 9. Middle, ) 
 
 10. Left, and > Hepatic Veins. 
 
 11. Right ) 
 .12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Veins, two in number. , 
 
 , 3. VEINS OF THE HEART. 
 
 1. Great right Coronary. 
 
 2. Smg-U right Coronary. 
 
 3. Left Coronary V^ins. 
 
 4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VERA PORTJE. 
 
 'Receives the 
 
 1. Veins which correspond to the vasa 
 brevia. 
 1 RnlenicVein J ^' *^*Sht and left gastroepiploic. 
 l.Spiempvein.^ 3. Duodenal, and 
 
 4. Pancreatic veins- 
 . 5. Coronary Vein of the Stomach^ and 
 [6. Small mesenteric vein, 
 2. Superior Mesenteric Vfein, . , 
 
 Vein, Bronchial, Left, see Azygos— ^ 
 V. Denii-azygous, see Azygos — v. Frantal, see 
 Facial vein — v. Semi-azygous, see Azygos, 
 (vena)-^v. Superior intercostal, left, see Azy- 
 gos— v. Tibio-malleolar, Saphena, great — v. 
 Palato-labial, Facial vein — v. Peroneo-malleo- 
 lar, Saphena minor^~v. Varicose, Varix. 
 
 VBiNEf Vein— u. Ca/ve, Cava vena — «, Ce- 
 phalique^ Jugular vein, internal — v. Cephalique 
 dupouce. Cephalic vein of the thumb — v. Cu- 
 hitale eutanee, Basilic vein— u. Fessitre^ Ghiteal 
 vein — V. de Medine, Dracunculus — v. Porte^ 
 Porta vena-TT-^;. Prelombo-thoracique, Azygos, 
 (vena) — u. Preparate^ 0TEphalic vein — v. Radi- 
 ate cutan^Bf Cephalic vein — v. Sans paire, Azy- 
 gos vein — u. ' Trackdlo-sous-cutanee, Jugular 
 vein external* 
 
 rklNESAR TMRIELtES, Arterial veins— 
 V. Ciliaires, Ciliary veins — «. Sous-claviires, Sub- 
 clavian veins — V. Sas-Ae'paft'yMei, Hepatic veins. 
 
 VEINS, CORONARY, Cardiac veins— v. 
 Intra-lobular, Hepatic veins— v. Supra-hepatic, 
 Hepatic veins. 
 
 VEINSTONE, Phlebolite. 
 
 VELAMEN NATIVUM, Integument. 
 
 VELAMENTA BOMBYCINA,yillousmem- 
 branes — v. Cerebralia, Meninges — v. Infantis, 
 Membranes of the fetus. 
 
 VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE, Perito^ 
 naeum — v. Corporis commune, Integument — v 
 Nativum, Integument. 
 
 V^LAR, Erysimum. , 
 
 VELOSYNTHESIS, Staphylorraphy. 
 
 VELUM, Velum pendulum palati— v. Apo- 
 physi vermiformi tfbtentum, Valvula Vieus- 
 senii — v. Interjectum cerebelli, Valvula Vieus- 
 senii — v. Medullare anticum, Valvula Vieus- 
 senii. 
 
 Velum Medulla'ee Inferixts, (F.) V-oile me- 
 dullmre inferieur. A name given, by R^il, to 
 the medullary band or strip, by which the cere- 
 bellum c'ommunica'tes with the medulla. , 
 
 Velum Palati, Velum pendulum' palatt^v. 
 Falatinum, Velum pendulum palati. 
 
 Velum Pen'dulum Pala'ti, ' Pendulous veil 
 of the palate.' Velum, Velum Palati' num, Ye- ^ 
 him Falati, Velum\JPen'duhi^j Vehfrn. Stapky^ 
 li'num.,Pala'tumpen'dulum,I*en'd7d-ampald'tif 
 Claustrum Pdlati, Soft Palate, Palatum Molle, 
 (V.) Septum Staphylin {Ch.), Voile du Palais. 
 A moveable, soft, and broad septiim, attached 
 to the posterior extremity of the pSlatiiie arch, 
 and separating the mouth from the pharynx, 
 Its form is nearly quadrilateral. Its anterior 
 surface corresponds to the mouth; the posterior 
 to the ^pharynx. Its superior ^ge is fixed to 
 the palatine arch; the inferior is free, floating, 
 arid has an appendix at its middle — the uvula. 
 The lateral margins of the velum are held down 
 by two folds, separated from each other by a 
 triangular space ; these are called the pillars ; 
 the anterior passes to the base of the tongue, 
 the posterior to the sides of the pharynx. The 
 velum palati is fojmed of a mucous coat, which 
 contains numerous follicles, arid of a muscular 
 stratum, in which are the peristaphylini intern! 
 and p. externi muscles, the glosso-staphylini, 
 the phar'yngo.-staphylini and the palato-staphy- 
 linus. The artferies of the velum palati are fur- 
 nished by the ititernal maxillary, the labial and 
 the superior pharyngeal. Its veins open into 
 the internal jugular. Its nerves are sent off 
 from the ganglion of Meckel, and come from 
 the palatine branches. The glosso,-pharyngeal 
 nerve, likewise, sends it some filaments. 
 
 Velum Staphtlinum, Velum pendulum pa- 
 lati — V. Vieussenii, Valvula Vieussenii. 
 
 VELVET LEAF, Pargira. 
 
 VENA, Vein, Penis — v. Alba renum. Ureter 
 — V. Alba thoracis. Thoracic duct^v. Apoplec- 
 tiea. Jugular vein, internal — v. Arteriosa, Porta 
 vena. Pulmonary artery — v. Capitis, Cephalic 
 vein-^v. Cava, Cava vena — v. Cubiti interior, 
 Basilic vein — v. Demiazygos, see Azygos — v. 
 Falcis cerebri, Sinus longitudinal inferior — v. 
 Hemiazyga, see Azygos^v. Lactea, Porta vena 
 — V. Magna, Porta vena — v. Medina Arabum, 
 Dracunculus — v. Ostiaria, Porta vena — v. Pari 
 carens, Azygos, (vena) — v. ad Portas, Porta 
 vena^^v. quse aid Portas est. Porta vena — v. 
 Ramalis, Porta vena — v. sine Pari, Azygos, 
 (vena) — v. Stelechisea, Porta vena — v. Suba- 
 laris. Vena axillaris. 
 
 VEUiE ApoPLEOTica:, Jugular veins — v. Cavs 
 hepatis. Hepatic veins — v. Concomites, see 
 Vein-^v. Galeni, Choroid, (veins) — v. Innomi- 
 natae, see Innominatum — v. Lactese, Chyliferous 
 vessels — v. Lymphaticae, Lymphatic vessels — 
 V. Micantes, (arteries,) see Artery — v. Pulsa- 
 tiles, (arteries,) see Artery — v. Satellites, see 
 Vein — V. Soporales, Jugular veins — v. Sphagi- 
 tides, Jugular veins. 
 
 VENiESECTIO, see Blood-letting— v. Re- 
 I vulsoria, see Blood-letting. 
 
VENAL 
 
 885 
 
 VENTRICLE 
 
 VENAL, Ventfus. 
 
 VENEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
 
 VENENATUS, Venomous-. 
 
 VENENUM, Poison, Venom. 
 
 VENE'REAL, Vene'reus, Aphrodisiacus^ Ye- 
 ne'-rean, (F.) Veneiien: froin Venus, ' the god- 
 dess of pleasure.' That which relates to the 
 pleasures of love,,. In a more restricted sense 
 the word ye7iereal is synonymous with syphi- 
 litic, and also with syphilis. \ Some authors 
 have proposed that those diseases should be 
 called «6Mereffl/' which are produced by excess 
 in Venery ; and that syphilitic should be limited 
 to those which are the result of impure con- 
 nexion. 
 
 Venekeal Desire, Libido^v. Disease, Sy- 
 philis. ^ 
 
 V£.N£RIEN, Venereal. This term, also, 
 means one labouring under syphilis j as Hopital 
 des veneriens, 
 
 VENERIVAGUS, Libidinous. 
 
 VEN'ERY. Same etymon. The pleasures 
 of love. Sexual communication. Coition. 
 
 VENESECTION, see Blood-letting. 
 
 VENIJ\IEUX, Venomous. 
 
 VENI-N, Venom. 
 
 VENOM, Yeiie'num Tox'iciim, (F.) Venin. 
 A poisonous fluid secreted by certain animals, 
 as the viper, in a state of health, and which 
 they preserve in a particular reservoir, to use 
 as a means of attack ortlefenee. It differs, ac- 
 cording to some, from virus, as the latter is al- 
 ways the result of a_ morbid process, which may 
 be produced by the individuals who receive it, 
 in their turn, and be transmitted to others. 
 
 Venom, Quickenihg, Sperm — v. Vital, Sperm. 
 
 VEN'OMOUS, Venena'tus, (F.) Venimeua:. 
 An epithet applied to animals which have a se- 
 cretion of venom, as the viper, rattlesnake, &c., 
 and,'by some, to liquids, in the a^iimal body 
 which have been so perverted by previous dis- 
 ease, that their contact occasions serious mis- 
 chief in sound individuals ; as happens in hydro- 
 phobia. Virus is more commonly used iri this 
 case. 
 
 VENOSITAS, Verjosify— V. Sanguinis, Prse- 
 dominium Sanguinis venosi. 
 
 VENOS'ITY, Veno^'itas, Ve'nousness, Ve- 
 nous state, Venous cachex'ia, ^elance'inia, I£e- 
 lano'sis univer'sa'lis, from vena, 'a vein.' A 
 condition in which, it has been supposed, the 
 blood is move_d slowly ; is more venous ; and 
 the- venous -blood itself in greater quantity. 
 This state is said to be chiefly observed in he- 
 morrhoids, gout, hypochondriasis, melancholia, 
 &c., kc- — l-'uchelt. 
 
 VENOUS, Venal, Veno'sus ; same etymon. 
 Appertaining to a vein ; or to the blood of the 
 veins; as venous cachexia; venous pulse. 
 
 Vmsous Cachexia, Venosity — v. Hum,JBrm't 
 de Diable — V. State, Venosity-^v. System, Ab- 
 dominal, Porta vena — v. System, see Vascular. 
 
 VENOUSNESS, Venosity. 
 
 VENT, Wind. 
 
 VENTER, Uterus--v. Imus, Abdomen, Hy- 
 pogastrium, Nei^ra — v. Inferius, Abdomen — v. 
 Magnus, Ingluvies — v. Medius, Thorax — v. Par- 
 vus, Hypogastrium — v. Propendens, Hystero- 
 loxia anterior — v. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney 
 ^v. Superius, Cavum cranii. 
 
 VENTEUX, Windy. 
 
 VENTILA'TION, Ventila'tio ; from ventus, 
 ' wind.' The act of renewing the air of vessels, 
 
 hospitals, and apartments, or of situations where 
 many people are collected tbgether. The utility 
 of such renewal must be evident, when it is 
 considered that atmospheric air loses its oxyr 
 gen during respiration, and that carbonic acid 
 supplies its place. Stagnant air, also, becomes 
 loaded with numerous jmpurities ; and hence 
 one of the greatest hygienifc improvements; of 
 modern times, haS been a proper attention to 
 circulation of air. It is, moreover, oAe of the 
 most v^uable additions to our stock of thera- 
 peutical agencies in many diseases. . 
 
 Instruments, used for the purpose of renew- 
 ing the air, in ships, apartments, &c., have been 
 called ventilators. 
 
 VENTOSITA, Flatulence. > 
 
 VENTOWSES SCARIFl£ES, Cupping 
 with the scarificator. ' 
 
 VENTOUSES SkOHES, Cupping, dry- 
 
 VENTRAL, Abdominal. 
 
 Ventral Her'nia, Her' via ventra'lis^ Di- 
 rect hernia occurring in any part of the. abdo- 
 men. It is most 'frequently found between the, 
 recti muscles. 
 
 VENTRALE, Belt, (Russian.) 
 
 Ventrai;,'e Cuta'neum, ' Cutaneous apron.' 
 (F.) Tahlier. An elongation of the ilyrpphte in 
 the Bosjesman female, which hangs down be- 
 fore the vulva like an apron. 
 
 VENTRE, Abdomen— y. Tnfirieur, Abdo- 
 men— «. Resserre, Constipation. 
 
 VEN'TRICLE, Ventric'nlus ; diminutive of 
 venter, ' b;plly.' Literally, a little belly. A 
 name given, in anatomy, to various parts. 
 
 Ventriclx of Arah'tids. a small cavity 
 lined with gray substance, at the point of the 
 calamus scriptorius.' 
 
 Ventricles' OF the Brain, Ventric'uli seu 
 Cavita'tes seu Sinus Cer'ebri, (F.) Ventricules 
 du cerveau, are five cavities in the interior of 
 that organ, which are distinguished into the 
 lateral ventricles, ^niddle ventricle, Ath ventricle 
 or ventricle of the cerebellum, and 5t}b ventricle. 
 The middle ventricle or 'id ventricle, (F.) Ven- 
 tricule moyen du cerveau, is situate in front of 
 the pineal gland. It is bounded, above, by the 
 tela choroidea and the fornix ; below, by a por- 
 tion of cerebral substance, which sepSirates it 
 from the base of the cranium ; laterally, by the 
 thalami nervorum opticorum ; anteriorly, by a 
 medullary cord, called the anterior commissure ; 
 and, posteriorly, by another medullary cord, 
 called the posterior commissure. It communi- 
 cates with the lateral ventricles by two open- 
 ings, situate behind the anterior pillar of cms 
 of the fornix. The Lateral Ventricles, Ventric'- 
 uli majo'res, Vi prio'res, V. superio'res, V. tri- 
 cor'nes, (F.) Ventricules laterausb, axe two in 
 I number. They are large, and Owing to their 
 considerable curvature, occupy a great part of 
 the cerebral centre. ** They are bounded, above, 
 by the inferior surface of the corpus callosum ; 
 anteriorly, by the curved portion of the same 
 body; posteriorly, by a considerable mass of 
 cerebral substance ; and, internally, they are 
 separated from each other by the septum of the 
 ventricles, — a med'ullary plate, which is giv«h 
 off from the lower part of the corpus callosum. 
 The lateral ventricles have, in their upper and 
 anterior portion, .the Corpora striata, Thalami 
 optici, and Trenia, semicirculccris :- — their inferior 
 portion contains the corpus jimbriatwm, cornu 
 Ammonis, &c. The Fourth Ventricle, (Fi) 
 
VENTRICXTLE AQB-TiqUE 
 
 886 
 
 VERATRINA 
 
 Qudtrilme ventrieuU, is situate beneath the 
 aqueduct of Sylvius, by which it communicates 
 with the third ventricle. It extends from this 
 aqueduct to the upper part pf the medulla ; and 
 is seated in the'substance of the tuber annulare. 
 The Fifth Veittjicle^XF.) Cinquihme ventricule, 
 is the small serous cavity between the laminEe 
 of the septum lucidum; called, also, Fissure or 
 Fpssa of Sylvius or Sinus of thi Septum lu'ci- 
 
 Ventricles of the Heart, Ventridyli Cor- 
 dis, Specus Cordis, (F.)- VentriciUes du cceur, 
 are two in numbei. The Right Ventricle, Pttl- 
 monary ventricle, Ventric'uluS' anterior, V, pri- 
 mus, V. pulmona'lis, (F.) Ventricule droit ou 
 pulmonaire, is situate- at the fore part of the 
 heart, the base and apex corresponding to those 
 of the heart. In it are seen the Columns car- 
 nece and Corda tendinea. The right ventricle 
 communicates with the right auricle by the Os- 
 tium venoswm, and from it the PulTnonury ar- 
 tery arises. Around the auricular orifice is a 
 tendinous margin or ring, from which the tri- 
 cuspid valve is given off. Th^ use of the ven- 
 tricle is to send .the blood, by its contraction 
 along the pulmonary artery to the lungs* The 
 Left VeTUricle, Vejitric'tUus aor'ticus,''V. pos- 
 terior, V. secundus, (F.) Ventricule gauche ou 
 aortique, is situate at the posterior and left part 
 of the heart. Its parietes are much thicker 
 and stronger than those of the right, owing to 
 its having to send the blood over the whole sys- 
 %^ tem. The inner surface has the saijie general 
 appearance as that of the right. The Coliim- 
 n(B cameoe and Coydce tendiue-ce are, however, 
 much stronger. It communicates with the left 
 auricle by means of the Mitral valve ; and from 
 it proceeds the largest blood-vessel of the body, 
 — the aorta. ' 
 
 Ventricles of the Larynx, Sac'culi laryn- 
 gei, Sinuses of^the^ Larynx, (F.) Veiitricules 
 ou Sinus da larynx, are two Repressions in the 
 larynx, comprised between the superior and in- 
 ferior ligaments. 
 
 Ventricle, Pulmonary, V. right. 
 
 VENTRICULE AORTIQUE, Ventricle, 
 left — V. Cinguieme, Ventricle, fifth— w. Droit, 
 Ventricle, right — v. Gauche,, Ventricle, left — v. 
 Moyen du Cerveau, Ventricle, middle^ of the 
 brain — v. Fiilmonaire, Ventricle, right — -v. 
 Quatrieme, Ventricle, fourth. 
 
 VENTRICULES DU CERrEAV,VentT\-' 
 cles of the brain — v. du Cmnr, Ventricles of 
 the heart — v. Lateraux, Ventricles, lateral. 
 
 VENTRICULI CORDIS, Ventricles of the 
 heart — v.Dilatatio,Gastrectasis-— v. Dissojutio, 
 Gastro-malacia — v. Dura matris, Sinuses of the 
 dura mater — v. ErrioUitio, Gastro-malacia — v. 
 Exulceratio, Gastrelcosis — v. Fluxus, Gastror- 
 rhosa — v. Inflammatio, Gastritis — v. Majores, 
 Ventricles, lateral — v. Metamorphosis gelatini- 
 formis, Gastro-malacia^v. Perforatio, Gastro- 
 brosis — V. Priores, Ventricles, lateral — v. Pseu- 
 dophlogdsis resolutiva et colliquativa, Gastro- 
 malacia— .v. Superiores, Ventricles, lateral — ^v. 
 Tricornes, Ventricles, lateral-;-v. Ulc.eratio, 
 Gastrelcosis. 
 
 VEiMTRICULUS, Stomach, Ventricle--v. 
 Anterior, Ventricle, right — v. Aorticus, Ven- 
 tricle, left. 
 
 Ventrioulus Callosus, ' Callous stomach.' 
 
 The gizzard or third stomach, of the gallina- 
 ceous bird. It consists of a double-bellied or 
 
 digastric muscle; islined by'a firm cuticle,^nd 
 forms a kind of pouch depending from the ali- 
 mentary tube, in which the second stomach 
 terminates, and from which the duodenum or 
 Ventritulus succehturiti'tus issues. In the in- 
 terior of the gizzard there are numerous peb- 
 bles, which seem to be destined to aid in the 
 trituration of the food. The gizzard is an or- 
 gan of mastication, and is possessed of great 
 muscular power. 
 
 Ventriculus Posteriob,, Ventricle, left — v. 
 Pulmonalis, Ventricle, right— y. Primus, Ven- 
 tricle, right — V. Secundus, Ventricle, left— v. 
 Succenturiatus, Duodenum. 
 
 VENTRILOQUE, Engastrimythosj 
 
 VENTRILOQUIST, Erigastrimythos. - 
 
 VENTROSITAS, Physconia-. 
 
 VENTUS, Wind. 
 
 VEN'ULA, Fhlebipn, diminutive of Vena. 
 See Vein. A small vein. Hip.pocrates seems 
 to use it in the same' sense as Arleria. 
 
 VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum — v. 
 Crystals of, Cupri subacetas — v, Crystaux de^ 
 Cupri subacetas. , 
 
 -VER CUCURBITAIN, Taenia solium:;^.' 
 Cutane, Dracunculus— «; Filaire, Dxacunculus 
 — V. de Giiinee, Dracunciilus — v. Luisant, Ci- 
 cindela — v. de Me'dine, Dracnnculus — v. Soli- 
 taire, Bothriocephalus latu's. Taenia solium. 
 
 VERATRIA, Veratrina. 
 
 VERATRI NA, Veratria, Ver'atrine. A ve- 
 getable alkali, found in the seeds of Vera'trima 
 Sabadil'la, Vi'ofjicina'le, Helo'nias ojjicina'Ut 
 and Asagm'a offieina'lis, whiph are known 
 in commerce under the names Cehadill'a, Ce- 
 vadill'a, and Sahddill'a, and are imported 
 from Mexico. They usually occurj in com- 
 merce, mixed with the fruit of the -plant, are 
 two or three lines long, of a black" colour, 
 and are shining, fiat, shriveled, >vinged and 
 elastic seeds. Veratiine is solid, white, pul- 
 verulent, and inodorous.; of a very acrid taste; 
 decomposable by heat; very soluble in water, 
 and soluble in alcohol." W^hen prepared in tha 
 usual manner, it still contains other substances, 
 — Sabadil'lm, Ver'atrin, gUm resin of the Saba- 
 dilla, arid black greasy matter. It is extremely 
 poisonous, and is but little used internally in 
 medicine. Magendie has given it as an emetic 
 and drastic in very small doses, i Of late, it ^as 
 been recommended to be applied in the way 
 of friction,or.endermically, (from gr. vto xx,to 
 ,^j of lard or cerate,) in various neuralgic aflTec- 
 tions. The following is the formula for itspre- 
 paraition in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
 Slates, ( 1 84-2 :) — Take of cevadilla, ffiij ; alcohol, 
 'i gallons ; diluted sulphuric acid, solution ofam- 
 monin, furified animal char coal, ani mngnesia, 
 each a sufficient quantity. Boil the cevadilla 
 in a gallon of the alcohol, in a retort with a re- 
 ceiver attached, for an hour, and pour off the 
 liquor. To the residue add another gallon of 
 the alcohol, together with the portion recently 
 distilled; again boil for an hour, and pour off 
 tie liquor. Repeat the boiling a third tim» 
 with the remaining alcohol, and with that dis- 
 tilled in the previous operation. Press the 
 cevadilla, mix and strain the liquors, and, by 
 means of a water bath, distil off the alcohol. 
 Boil the>esidue three or four times in water 
 acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix and strain 
 the liquors, and evaporate to the consistence of 
 
VERATRUM ALBUM 
 
 887 
 
 VERMINOUS 
 
 syrup. Add magnesia in slight excess, shake, 
 the mixture frfequently, then express and wash 
 ■what remains. Repeat the expression and wash- 
 ing two ar three times, and havipg dried the 
 residue, digest it with a gentle heat several 
 times in alcohol,' and strain alter each diges- 
 tion. Distil off the alcohol from the mixfed 
 liquor, boil/the residue for 15 minutes in water 
 with a little sulphuric acid and purified ani- 
 mal charcoal, and strain. Having thoroughly 
 washed what remains, mix the washings with 
 the strained liquor, evaporate with a moderate 
 heat to the consistence of syrup, and then drop 
 in as much solution of ammonia as may be ne- 
 cessary to precipitate the veratria.- Lastly, se- 
 parate the precipitate. See Colchicum au- 
 tumnale. 
 
 VERA'TRUM ALBUM, mihb'orus albus, 
 ElleUornm album, Cherbackem, White hellebore, 
 (F.) Hellebore' blanc. Sex. Syst. Polygamia 
 Moncecia; Nat. Ord. Melanth^ceffi (Lindley.) 
 The root or ihizoma of this .common Euro- 
 pean plant is indebted to the Veratrine for its 
 properties. It is inodorous: has a bitterish, 
 acrid, nauseous taste, and is violently emetic 
 and purgative, even when applied to an ulcer- 
 ated surface. It is, also, possessed of errhine 
 properties, and acts,'externally, as a stimulant. 
 It is rarely exhibited internally. Sometimes it 
 is given as a sneezing ■powder; but it operates 
 with great violence. It forms, also, ah itch 
 ointment. See Ung. Veratri. 
 
 Verateum Saeadil'la, Sabadilla, Sabatilla, 
 Canis Int^'fec'tor, Cau^'ticum America'yttfm, 
 Cevadil'la Hi ^ pa?? a' mm-, Sevadilla, Hor'denTn 
 eaus'ticiimj (F.) Cevadille. The seeds of this 
 plant have been used, mostly as anthelmintics. 
 Dose, gr. ij to a child, four years old. It pos- 
 sesses the same general properties as the vera- 
 trum album. 
 
 Verateum Vie'ide, A merican Hellebore, 
 Swamp hellebore, Indian poke, Indian Tineas, 
 Poke weed. Hear weed. Itch weed, Tiekle.weed, 
 Earth gall, Devilbit, Wulfbane, Puppet root, 
 is indigenous in the swampy districts of alniost 
 every part of the United States. Its properties 
 are like those of the genus. 
 
 VERBASCULUM, Primula veris. 
 
 VERBASCUM NIGRUM, Black Mullein, 
 Cande'la re'gia, Tkapsus bdrb'a'tus, Tapsus 
 harha'tus, Ca.ndela'ria, Lana'ria; -and Ver- 
 bas'etim Thapsus, Fklogmtts, Phloinus, Phlox, 
 great broad-leaved 'mullei.n. High Taper, Cow's 
 lAingwort, or Yellow MiUlein, (F.) Molhje, 
 Bouillon blanc. Faviili/^ Solaneae". Sea:. Syst. 
 Pentandria Monogynia,:^ — especially the latter, 
 — have.been used as emollients, applied exter- 
 nally In the form of fomentation. The large 
 leaves have been chosen for this purpose. Occa- 
 sionally, the mucilage which they contain has 
 been extracted by decoction or infusion, and 
 administered in pectoral alTections. 
 
 Verbasctim Thapst's, V. nigrum. 
 
 VERBENA HAS TULA, an American spe- 
 cies, is, more bitter than the European, and said 
 to be emetic. 
 
 Veebe'na Officina'lis, Verbena, Dichro'mos, 
 Verbena' ca, Ferigte'rium, Hierobot'anS, Herba 
 saera,Vervaia. Pvrvain, (F.) Verveine. Family, 
 PyrenaceiB. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. 
 A plant formerly held sa{red; used in sacri- 
 fices, and suspended round the neck as an amu- 
 let. Ja the form of cataplasm, it is said to 
 
 have relieved obstinate headaches, and to have 
 been of service in scrofula. It is not used. 
 
 Verbe'na Urtioifo'liAj ap indigenous spe- 
 cies, has been used in poisoning from Rhus 
 Toxicodendron. 
 
 VERBENACA, Verbena officinalis. , 
 
 VERBLiS, Penis. 
 
 VERCOQTIIN, Phreni'tis vermino'sa. A 
 form of phrenitis, attributed to the presence of 
 a worm m the brain ! . 
 
 VERDE T, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 VERDIGRIS, Cupri subacetas. 
 
 VERENDA, Genital organs. 
 
 VERETRIJM, Penis. ' . 
 
 VERGE, Penis — tj.rf'Or, Solidagovirgaurea. 
 
 JERGERETTE DE FHILADELFHIE, 
 Erigeron Phiiadelphicum. 
 
 VERGE'rURES, Vibices. 
 
 verjuice; Ompha'cizim, (,F.) Verjus, Verd- 
 -jus. A sour kindof grape. Also, an acid liquor 
 prejiared from very sour grapes or crab-apples. 
 It is principally used in culinary preparations 5 
 ailthough, occasiorially,,an ingredient in medici- 
 nal compounds. See Vitis vihifera. 
 
 VERJUS, Verjuice. 
 
 VERMES, Worms — v.. Cerebri, Choroid 
 plexus. 
 
 V^RmCULAIRE BRTILANTE, Sedum. 
 
 VERMICULAR, Vermiform. ' ' 
 
 VERMICULAIUS, Lumbricalis, Sedum. 
 
 VERMICULI Sl^ERMATICI, Spermatozoa. 
 
 VERMIC'ULUM, Vermyc'ilum. An elixir ; 
 a tincture. — Ruland and Johnson. 
 
 VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS, Dracuncu- 
 lus. ■ , 
 
 VER'MIFORM, Vermic'ular, Vermiculdria, 
 Vermifor mis , from vermis, ' a worm,' and/or- 
 m,a, ' form.' That which resembles a worm. . 
 
 Verm'iform Proc"esses, Proces'sus Vermi- 
 form'es, Protuberan'tix ve'iTwiformes^ pontic'' 
 uli cerebel'li, Appen'dices vermiformes, (F.) 
 Eminences vermifortnes die cervelet, are two 
 medullary projections, at the surface of the cere- 
 bellum. The superior vei mif 01 m process, Ver- 
 Tiiis superior cerebelU, is an elongated projection, 
 at the anterior and middle part of the superior 
 ^surface of the cerebellum j — and the inferior 
 vermiform process, Vermis inferior Qerebelli, 
 Pyr'amid of Malacame, is a' somewhat large 
 projection, situate in the depression at the in- 
 ferior surface of the same organ. The inferior 
 vermiform process is usually described as con- 
 sisting of three portions — ,the pyramd; the 
 uvula, an,d the nodulus. The anterior portion 
 of the superior vermiform process is elevated, 
 and termed Montic'ulus. 
 
 VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic. 
 
 Vermifugis, Mathieu's. This consisted 'of 
 two distinct electuaries ; the one for killing,- 
 the other for expelling tape-worm. 1 he for- 
 mer consisted of an ounce of tin filings, and six 
 drachms oi fern root. 
 
 VERMIFflGOS, Anthelmintic. 
 
 VERMILION, Hydrargyri sulphnretum ru- 
 bra m. 
 
 VERMILLON DE PROVENCE, Anti- 
 monii sulphuretum rubrum. 
 
 VERMINATK), Helminthiasis. ■ h 
 
 VERMINATION, CUTANEOUS, Malig. 
 
 VERMTNEUX, Verminous. 
 
 V ERM INOl - S, Vermino'sus, (V.) Vermineuas. 
 That which is caused by worms; as a verminous 
 ajfLCtion. 
 
VERMIS BOMBYCINUS 
 
 888 
 
 VERTEBRAL 
 
 VERMIS BOMBYCINUSjCornu amraonis— 
 V. eerebelli, Vermiform process — v. Cereibri, 
 Fever, Hungary — v. Cucurbiti&us, Taenia so- 
 lium — V. Digiti, Paronychia. , 
 VERMITIO, Helminthiasis. 
 VERNIX CASEO'SA. -Tije fatty yarnish/or 
 deposit, often found on the fostus, which is 
 secreted by the sebaceous folUcles of the skin. 
 Veenix Sicca, Sandarac. 
 VERNO'NIAANTHELMIN'TICA,Xican'- 
 cida anthehrvln'tiea, Ciala,girahj Calageri.' A 
 plant which is indigenous in India. Farpily, 
 CompositsB. Sex. Syst, Syngenesia Polygamia 
 superflaa. It has great celebrity in" the East 
 Indies, and is a bitter tonic ; but the seeds are 
 chiefly used as an anthelmintic, in cases of as- 
 carides and lumbrici in children. 
 
 V^ROLE, Syphilis— «;. Petite, Variola—?). 
 Petite volante. Varicella; 
 VMROLETTE, Varicella. _ 
 VERONI'CA, Veronica officina'lis, Veronica 
 tnaSj Thea German^ica, Beton'ica Pauli, Cha- 
 mtzdrySi Male Veronica, Fluellin, Officinal 
 Speedwell, (F.) Veranigue, The d'Europe. Fa- 
 mily, RhinanthodesB. Sea;. Syst^ Diandria Mo- 
 nogynia. This plant was once used as a pec- 
 toral. 
 Veeokica Aquatica, V. beccabunga. 
 Veronica Becca bun'ga, Beccabunga, j3na- 
 gal'lis aquai'ica, haver Qerinan'icicm, Veronica 
 aquat'ica, Cepala, Water Pim'peYnel, BrooJclime, 
 Brooklime Speedwell, Water Speedwell, Ned- 
 weed, Water Purslfiin, (F.) Veronique qressov-ee, 
 This'plant was formerly used in a variety of dis- 
 eases. It is, however, almost insipid and inodo- 
 rous ; and has been long banished from practice. 
 Veronica Mas, Veronica — v. Officinalis, Ve- 
 ronica — V. Purpurea, Betonica officinalis^v. 
 Virginica, Leptandria Virginica. 
 
 V£RONIQUB, Veronica— 1>. Qressonie, Ve- 
 ronica beccabunga. 
 VERPA, Penis. 
 
 VERRB, Vitrum — v.. d'Antimoine, Antimo- 
 nii vitrum. 
 
 VERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cula, Eephy- 
 vta verruca, Pkymato'sis verruco'sa', a Wart, 
 (F.) Verrue. A small, hard, mammillary tu- 
 mour, which forms at ,the surface of the skin, 
 and particularly on that of the hands and face. 
 Warts are generally rugous at the surface, and 
 broad at the base ; their roots being implanteci 
 in the derma by whitish filaments which are 
 dense, semifibrous, and very numerous. 
 
 Wafts may be destroyed by caustjc, or re- 
 moved by excision. Their vitality, is, generally, 
 not great. *- 
 
 ViEREiioA' Carnosa, Condyloma — v. Formi- 
 caria, Formica — v. Minor, Thymion — v. Pal- 
 pebrarum, see Hydatid — v. Pensilis, Acrochpr- 
 don — V. Rhagoidea, Thymion. 
 
 VERRUCARIA^ Calendula officinalis,Helio- 
 tropium Europaeum. 
 -VERRUCULA, Verruca. 
 VES-RUE, Verruca. 
 VERS, Worms. 
 
 VERSIO, Turning— V. Fcetus, Turning— v. 
 Spontanea, Evolution spontaneous — v. Uteri, 
 Hysteroloxia. 
 
 VERSION, Turning. 
 VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas. 
 VERTEBRA DENTATA, Axis— v. Dorsi 
 Prima, Lophia — v. Lumborum Prima, Asphal 
 tites — V. Magna, Sacrum. 
 
 I VER'TEBRJE, Spon'dyli, (F.) Vertllres ; 
 from vertere, ' to turn.' This name has been 
 given to the bxmes, which by their union form 
 the vertebral or spinal qolumn. The vertebrse 
 are^ short, thick, very angular bones; t-iventy- 
 four in number, and situate one above another. 
 The body of the vertebra is the middle and an- 
 terior portion. Above and below it is articu- 
 lated, by means of a fibro- cartilage, with the 
 contiguous vertebrse. The Processes, (F.) 
 
 Masses apophysaires, of each vertebra, are : 
 
 1. The spinous process', situate behind, and in 
 the median line. 9. The tvio transverse pr-s-- 
 ces^es, standing off from each side. 3. The 
 . foux articular processes — two sjcperior, a.ni tlvo 
 inferior — which ser-ve to unite the vertebrs 
 with each other. These transverse and articu- 
 lating processes are made continuous with the 
 lateral and posterior parts of the body of the 
 vertebra by narrow bony portions or pedicles ^ 
 on each ,of which are notches. These, by their 
 union with similar notches in the contiguous 
 vertebra, form the'lateral foramina, (,F.) Trous 
 de conjugaison, through -which the spinal 
 nerves leave the vertebral canal. The different 
 processes are united with each other, so' as to 
 form a kind of ring of the lateral and posterior 
 parts of the vertebra; and theforamen, within 
 this,^that i% betw'een the body and pro- 
 cesses, concurs in forming the- vertebral canal. 
 The vertebrae have particular characters ac- 
 cording to the regions they occupy. They are 
 divided into seven cervical, twelve dorsal, and 
 five lumbar. The first- cervical is called atlas; 
 the second, axis pr vertebra' dentata; and the 
 seventh, vertebra proerhinens . The vertebrje 
 are articulated vpith each other. Those of the 
 back are joined, Moreover, to the ribs! The 
 first or atlas is articulated with the occipital 
 bone; and the last lumbar vertebra with the 
 sacrum. The cervical vertebra; are developed , 
 by nine points of ossification ; the dorsal and 
 lumbar by eight. 
 
 VER'TEBRAL,' rer«e5m'&. That which 
 relates or belongs to the.vertebrse. 
 
 Vertebral Akteet, Posterior- terebral ar- 
 tery, (Ch.,) is the largest of the branches of the 
 subclavian. It arises from the posterior part 
 of that vessel; is lodged in a canal, (F.) Petit 
 canal, vertebral, formed by the foramina in the 
 transverse processes; enters the cranium, and 
 proceeds to anastomose with its feHowof the 
 opposite side, and to form the Basilary artery. 
 Besides the branches sent to- the neck, the ver- 
 tebral artery gives off the anterior md: poste- 
 rior spinal art'enes, and the inferior cerebellous, 
 in the cavity of the cranium. 
 
 Veetebeal Column, Rachis, Rhachis, No- 
 tos, Acnes'tis; the Spine; the back bone. Cari- 
 na, C. kom'inis, Spina dorsi seu vertebraLlis, 
 Colum'na spina'Ks, C. vertebra'lis, C. dorsi, 
 Spina , Dorsum, Tergum, Compa'ges VeHebra'- 
 rum, Aean'tha, Sacra fis'tula, Hi'era Syrinx, 
 (F.) Colonne vertebrate, Apine du dos, £.chime. 
 A kind of bony column, situate at. the posterior 
 and central part of the trunk; extending from 
 the head to the sacrum; flexible in every di- 
 rection, yet very solid and hollowed by a canal 
 called vertebral, which gives it lightness with- 
 out diminishing its strength, and runs through 
 Its whole length. The vertebral column is 
 formed by the superposition of the vertebrae. 
 I It represents a pyramid, whose base is below. 
 
VERTEBRAL 
 
 889 
 
 VESANIA 
 
 Anteriorly, it is convex in the neck; concave 
 in.tlie back, and convex, again, in the loins. 
 Behind, the curvatures are of course the re- 
 verse of these. There is also, in the dorsal 
 region, a. lateral curvature, the concavity of 
 Mifhich is towards the |eft side. Considered, as 
 a whole, the vertebral column has an anterior 
 or prespinal surface; a posterior or spinal; two 
 liberal ; a base, and an apefe or top. In the no- 
 menclature of Chaussier, the anterior surface, 
 in the neck, is called trackelian; in the back, 
 predotfcd; and in the loins, prehimbar. The 
 dorsal surface has, at its middle, the spi- 
 nous processes; and, at its sides, the vertebral 
 gutters, (F.) Gottttiires vertebrales, formed by 
 th0 succession of "the vertebral plates, (F.) 
 Lames vertebrates, which, by their junction, 
 constitute' the spinous processes. These are 
 filled by the sacro-spinalis muscle. The sides 
 or lateral surfaces present the foramina re- 
 sulting from the union of the vertebral notches, 
 (F,)£ehancrures vertebrales. These, are called 
 vertebral forami/na, (F.) Trous de conjugai'son, 
 and give passage to the vertebral nerves. The 
 base of the vertebral column is oblique, to 
 unite with the sacrum ; and forms with it an 
 Sing\e,ca.\\eAsacro-vertebral angle,OT promontorif. 
 The apex or top of the vertebral column is ar- 
 ticulated -with the occipital bone; Sometimes, 
 the term vertebral Column includes the whole of 
 the' column from the occipital bone to the extre- 
 mity of the coccyx. The Vertebral or Spinal Ca- 
 nal, Kaehid'ian Canal, Solen, Cana'lis medullas 
 Spina'lii, Specus pro medull'a Spina'li seu ver- 
 teifa'Hs, ^xists through the whole of the verte- 
 bral colundn, whose curvatures it follows. It is 
 continuous, aboVe, with the cranium ; below, 
 with the sacral canal, if we consider the verte- 
 brae to terminate at the sacrum. It is lined by 
 a prolongation . of the meninges, forming the 
 Theca vertebra'lis, and lodges the spiijal marrow. 
 The vertebral column, which unites lightness 
 with solidity, serves to support the head and 
 chest. It is the seat of all the movements of 
 the trunk, the weight of which it transrtiits to 
 the pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal 
 marrow, and gives passage to the vertebral 
 nerves, and to numerous vessels. 
 
 Vertebrai. Disease, Rachial'gia (of some,) 
 Ci^ries of the Ver'tebrce, Spondylarthroc^aci, 
 Spondyloc'ace, Kypho'sis infiam/mato'ria, K. 
 paralyt'ica, Gibbos'itas cario'sa, Ca'ries verte- 
 bra'r-um, Spondyial'gia, Spondylopyo'sis, Tu- 
 bereulo'sis Vertebra'rum. The spinal column 
 is liable to distortion, (see Hump,) at times, 
 without the vertebrse being much, if at all, dis- 
 eased. -At other times, a more formidable af- 
 fection is induced; the vertebrae becoming ca- 
 rious, and the intervertebral cartilages ulce- 
 rated ! followed by a more or less complete 
 loss of power over the lower extremities. In 
 such case, on examining the spine, one or more 
 of the spinous processes is found to project be- 
 yond the rest. The disease was first well de- 
 scribed by, Mr. Percival Pott; and, hence, it 
 has been called, by the French, Maladie de 
 Pott; — {Malum Pot'tii, Gibbus Poi^tii, or Pott's 
 disease.) It usually occurs in scrofulous sub- 
 jects, and the treatment consists in establishing 
 , a counter-irritation by blisters,- issues, or the 
 moxa, opposite the transverse processes of the 
 diseased vertebrse. The sore must be suffered 
 to remain open and the patient kept in the ho- 
 57 
 
 rizontal pqsture until the use of the limbs is 
 recovered; employing tonics, the free admis-, 
 sion of fresh air, &c., at the same time. 
 
 Vketebkal Lf g'aments, (F.) lAgaments ver- 
 tibrauai, Surtouts ligamenteux de la cotonne 
 vertebrate, are distinguished into anterior and 
 posteriori They consist of loug, ligamentous 
 coverings ; the anterior occupying the alnterior 
 part of the vertebral coltimn ; and the posterior 
 seeming to arise from the occipito-axoid liga- 
 ment, and seated behind the bodies of the ver- 
 tebrae, fronr the axis to the sacrum. 
 Vertkbeai/ Nerve, TrisplanchniC. 
 Vertebral Nerves, Spinal Nerves, spring 
 successively from the spinal marrow; from its 
 origin to its terrnination. These nerves — 30 
 pairs in all — arise by two roots ; one anterior, 
 from the anterior column of the spinal marrow, 
 and the other posterior, from the posterior co- 
 lumn, and afterwards issue by the vertebral and 
 sacral foramina. Each of these roots seems to 
 have a distinct function; the posterior being 
 destined to convey sensation . to p4rts ; the an- 
 terior, motion.^ On the posterior root, before 
 its junction with the anterior, there is a gan- 
 glion. Of the 30 .pairs, ^ are cervical nerves, 
 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 6 sacral. See Nerves. 
 VERTkBRES, VertebriE. 
 VERTEBIJO-ILIAC LIGAMENT, Ileo- 
 lumbar liganifent. 
 
 VERTEX, Cor'yphg,, Aerori'a, Spon'dylits. r. 
 The top or highest part of the head, S^e Sinciput. 
 V;ertex Cordis, Mncr6 Cordis — v. Cubiti, 
 Olecranon — v. Palpitans, Fontanella. 
 ■ VERTIBULUM, Trepan. 
 VERTICULA, Articiilation. 
 VERTICULUM, Articulatinn. 
 ' VERTICULUS, Articulation. 
 VERTIGE, Vertigo. 
 
 VERTI'GO, from 4>ec«e«, 'to turn;' Diaoi, 
 llin'gos, Gid'diness,Diz'ziness, Dinufi verti'go, 
 Hallueina'tio vertigo, Autal'giaveriigo,Circum- 
 gyrdtio. Swimming of the head, '(E.) Ycrtige, 
 Utourdissement. A state In- which it seems 
 that all objects are, turning round; or that the 
 individual himself is performing a movement of 
 gyration. Two varieties have been designated ; 
 -^simple vertigo, where the objects are seen; 
 and scofidynioi in which the sight is. obscured, 
 and the individua:l often falls. Vertigo is depen- 
 dent upon the condition of the brain; and often 
 announces an attack of apoplexy or epilepsy. 
 Vertigo TeMebricosa, Scotodynia. 
 VERUGAS (S.), iioia verrnca. A peculiar 
 disease affecting certain localities of Peru, 
 which manifests itself by sore throat, pains in 
 the bones, and other febrile symptoms. In the 
 course of a few days, an eruption of red pimples 
 or boils appears. These sometimes increase 
 in magnitude till they become nearly as large 
 as an egg, and discharge blood copiously. It 
 is ascribed to the water of certain springs jn 
 the valleys, and especially in that of Surea: 
 called Agua de Veruga — Tschudi;' -. : 
 
 VERUMONTANUM, Caput gallinaginis, 
 see, also, Gallinaginis caput. ■ 
 VERVAIN, Verbena officinalis. 
 FSEK^EIZV^, Verbena ofiicinalis. 
 VESA'NIA, Vesa'nicBj -'madness.' Derange- 
 ment of the intellectual and moral faculties, 
 without coma or fever. Many nosologists have 
 used this as a generic term ; under which they 
 have included the different species of mental 
 
VESICA BILIARIA 
 
 890 
 
 VESTIBULE 
 
 alienation, hypochondriasis, somnambulism, 
 and even hydrophobia. '"See Nosology. 
 VzsANU. Mania, Mania. , • i ^ 
 VESANiiEj Insanity. ■ 
 
 VESICA BILIAKIA, Gall-bladder— v. Cor- 
 dis, see Pericardium^— V. .Fellea, Gall-bladder 
 — V. Intestinalis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Sac- 
 cata, Stricture of the urinary bladder — v. Uri- 
 naria, Urinary bladder. 
 
 VfisioiE Irritabilitasj Cysterethismus — v. 
 Unguinosae, tendiijum, Bursae/ mucosae. 
 
 VES'ICAL, Yesica'Hsjfiom De^ica,-' the blad- 
 der.' That which bfiloiigs or relates totheblidde*. 
 
 Vesical Arteries vary in number and ori- 
 gin. The umbilical artery always sends off 
 two or three ; the -middle hemorrhoidal, inter- 
 nal pudi-c, and obturator furnish others, which 
 ramify arid anastomose in the parietes of the 
 bladder; the hypogastric furnishes one which 
 is somewhat largei-, the Vesico-prosttaic, (Ch.,) 
 and proceeds,, to the bas'fond of the bladder, 
 sending numerous ramifications to it as well as 
 to the surrounding parts. 
 
 Vesical Veins, much more numerous than 
 the arteries, open into the hypogastric plexus. 
 
 F^S/C^jY/T, Blister. 
 
 VESICARIUM, Ovarium. 
 
 V^SICATOIRBy Blister. 
 
 VESICATORIUM, Blister. , . 
 
 VESICLE, ALLANTOIC; AHantois — y. 
 Germinal, see Molecule^^v. Purkinjean, see 
 Molecule. 
 
 Vesicles oe de Geaap, Folliculi Graafiani. 
 
 VES'ICO-VAG"IN A L, Vesi'co-vagina'Hs. 
 Relating to the bladder and the vagina; as ve- 
 sico-vaginal fistula. 
 
 VESIC'ULA, Cystimc; djminutive of wesico, 
 ' a bladder.' A small bladder. ^ 
 
 Vesicula, Ves'icle, Ecphlysis, CysHnx, in 
 pathology, means a smalj orbicular elevation of 
 tbe cuticle containing lymph, which is some- 
 times clear and colourless^ but often opake and 
 whitish or pearl-colQurefd. It is succeeded, 
 either by a scurf, or by a laminated scab. 
 
 Vesic cjL a .Enigmatosa, Vesicula umbilical is 
 — V. Alba, Vesicula unobili,calis — v.Bilis,,Gall-. 
 bladder — v. Blastodermatica, see Mole6ule — 
 V. Chyli, Recepracuhim chyli — v. Erythroidea, 
 Erythroid vesicle — v. Fellis, Gall-bladder — v. 
 Gangraenescens, see Anthrax — v, Germinativa, 
 see Molecule — v. Omphalo-mesenterica, Ve- 
 sicula umbilicalis — v. Ovalis, Vesicula umbili- 
 calis— ^v. Prolifera, see Molecule. 
 
 Vesic'ula Umbilica'lis, Umbilical Ves'icle, 
 Vesicula alba seu om' phalo-Tnesejiter'ica seu 
 tmiigTnato' sa seu ovo'lis, Vesi'ca intestinalis, 
 l7itestinal Vesicle, .Vit'elliTie Pouch. A small, 
 pyriform, round, or spheroidal sac, which, about 
 the fifteenth or twentieth day after fecunda- 
 tion, is of the size of a common pea, and pro- 
 bably acquires its greatest dimensions in the 
 course of the third or fourth week. After the 
 seventh week, it becomes shrivelled and disa!p- 
 pears insensibly. It seems to be situate be- 
 tween the chorion and amnion, and is com- 
 monly adherent either to the outer surface of 
 the amnion, or to the inner surface of the cho- 
 rion, but at times is loose between them. The 
 vitelli?i.e ped'icle, which attaches the vesicle to 
 the embryo,, is continuous with the intestinal 
 canal; and, up to twenty or thirty days of em- 
 bryonic life, is hollow. Its arteries are the om- 
 phalo-mesenteric. The vitelline fluid, contained 
 
 in the vesicle, has been compared, from analogy, 
 to the vitellus or yolk of birds ; and, like it, is 
 an oleaginpus substance, and,presumed to be in- 
 servient to 'the nutrition of the embryo. 
 
 VESICUL.(E, constitute the eth order of 
 Bateman's classification of C-utanequs Diseases^. 
 VesiohljE, see Villous membranes — v. DivBB 
 BarbarsB," Variola cpnfluens — v. Gingivarum, 
 Aphthse-^v. Pulmonales, see, Cellule — v. Ro- 
 tundae cervicis uteri, Nabothi glanduls — v. San- 
 guinis, Globules of the blood — v. Seminales 
 mulieruni, Nabothi glandulae — v; Spermaticae, 
 Vesiculae seminales. 
 
 Vesicul2E Semina'les, v. Semina'rice seu 
 sperfnafiece, Cap'sulcc scTnina'les, Conceptat'~ 
 -ula seminaria, Gonecys'tides, (F.) Visicules 
 seminales, Gardouches, Grenier's, are two small 
 membranous sacs, which serve as reservoirs 
 for the sperm, and, probably secrete a fluid to 
 be mixed with the sperm. , They are situate 
 beneath the bladder, and above the rectum, be- 
 hind the prostate and to the outer side of the 
 vasa deferentia. They are of an irregular co- 
 noidal shape; flattened from above to below; 
 embossed on their surface, and of a grayish 
 tint. Their posterigr extremity or fundus ter- 
 minates by a round cul-de-sac. Their anterior 
 extremity or neci is narrow and elongated, and 
 is continuous with the excretory duet of tha 
 vesicula- This ducf joins the vas deferens, and 
 forms vvith it the ejaculatory duct. The inte- 
 rior of the vesicul?e exhibits several cells, 
 which communicate with each other, and are 
 lined by a, very thin, mucous membrane. ; . 
 
 VESICULAR, 'K««icK(aVs«. Of or belong- 
 ing^ to a vesicle: — full of small interstices. 
 The cortical or gray matter of the brain is some- 
 times termed vesicular. See Cortex cerebri. 
 
 ViSICULE BILIAIRE, Gall-bladder— w. 
 duFiel, Gall-Bladder. 
 
 VESICULES DE SAINTE BARBE, Va^ 
 riola confluens — v, Seminales, Vesiculae semi- 
 nales. 
 
 VESPA, VSrasp. 
 
 VESSEL, Vas, Vasum, diminutive Vascxthim^ 
 Angei'on,Angos,Concfptac'ulum,fr6m{L.)vaSj 
 vasculum, (F.) Vaisseau, A canal, more or less 
 elastic, fbrmed by the superposition of mem- 
 bra;nes, arid distinguished, according to its uses 
 and general arrangement, int« Artery, Vein, and 
 I/ymphatic. See, also. Vascular. - 
 
 VESSELOfUPi Lycoperdon. 
 ' VESSIE,\Jrinary bladder — v. a CoVonnes, see 
 Urinary bladder— d. Cul df la, Collum vesicae. 
 
 VES'TIBULE, Vestib'ulum, V. labyrin'thi, 
 (F.) Vestibule. A cavity of an irregulaj'shape, 
 which forms part of the labyrinth or internal 
 ear. The vestibule is situate on the inner side 
 of the tympanum; on the outer side of the 
 meatus^ariditorius internus; before the semicir- 
 cular canals, and' behind the cochlea. It is 
 lined by a particular membrane, and contains 
 the liquor of Cotunnius and branches ofthe au- 
 ditory nerve. There is also another membrane, 
 constituting the mem'brmions vestibule, but it is 
 not an exact imitation of the osseous cavity. 
 It is composed of two distinct sacs, which open 
 into each other — the sac'culus vestib'uli, and the 
 sacczilus. There are three contiguous cavities 
 in the vestibule; one of which, the semi oval, 
 is situate above; another, the hemispherical, 
 below; and the third, or suldform, which is 
 the orifice of the aquasductus vestibuli, beljind. 
 
VESTIGE 
 
 891 
 
 VICHY 
 
 Vestib'tjlum, Y. VagHnm, Prona'us, Atriiim 
 Vagi'.ncf, Amb'itus genita'Hs mulie'bris, is also a 
 smooth cavity between the perinseum and nym- 
 ph8B in the female, which leads to two passages 
 — to the "urethra above, and to the vagina below. 
 
 Vestibflum Labyrinthi, Vestibule — v. Va- 
 ginae, Vestibtilum. 
 
 VESTIGE (F.), Vestig"ium; ' a vestige,' 
 ' atrace.' A kind of fracture of flat bones, con- 
 sisting of a simple incision haying the mark of 
 the instrument that caused it. The term is 
 also applied to a part of the body, whjch may 
 have no evident use in man, and yet may be 
 greatly employed in anirnals. For example, 
 the muscles of th^ external ear in man are al- 
 most devoid of use, . or are vestiges of what 
 they^^are in certain animals. 
 
 VESTIGIUM, Sole, Vestige— j. Foraminis 
 ovalis, Ovalis fossa — v. Pedis, Metatarsus. 
 
 VESTI'TUS, Estlie'ma, Esthe'sis, Clothing, 
 Res vestia'ria, Dress, Vesture, (F.) Vltement, 
 tiocavestire, vestittim,' to clothe.' Any sub- 
 stance used for the purpose of covering naked- 
 ness, or preserving from atmospheric tempe- 
 rature by being worn on the body. The best 
 clothing in winter is composed of articles that 
 are bad conductors of caloric, and do not admit 
 of ready evaporation of the matter of per- 
 spiration. In this respect, woollen vestments 
 deserve the first place, and cotton the second. 
 Cpteur has likewise to be regarded — the darkest 
 hues transmitting the heat most readily thrpugh 
 them. It has been found that the sam? rule 
 applies to odours — the darker colours retaining 
 a Heater atnount of odorous particles than the 
 lighter. Hence, the necessity of white Walls, 
 white bed-clothes, &c., in the wards of hospi- 
 tals; for it is probable that the like law applies 
 to contagious miasms. 
 
 VESTURE, Vestitus. 
 
 VETA, Puna. 
 
 VETEMENT, Vestitus. 
 
 VETERANA, Rubeola. 
 
 VETERINARIUS, see Hippiater and Vete- 
 rinary. 
 
 , VET'ERINARY, Velerina'Hus, (J.yVeteH- 
 naire, from veierin,us, ' that which bears bur- 
 dens :' itself from vetere, ' to carry.' That which 
 appertains to beasts of burden: hence, t;eJ«ri- 
 nary surgeon, (see Farrier,) veterinq.ry college, 
 and veterinary medicine. 
 
 Vetekinaey Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
 
 Veterinary Art, Ars sen Medid'na veteri- 
 na'ria, Zooi'asis, Zoiatri'a, Thenat'rica, Mido- 
 mediei'na, Zootherapi'a, ZaStherapeu'ticl, Ars 
 soiat'rica, Par'riery. The art of treating the 
 diseases, &c., of cattle. 
 
 VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETERNUS, Coma vigil. 
 
 VETONICA CORDI, Betonica officinalis. 
 
 VETULA, Sacrum. 
 
 VEXILLA TUBARUM FALLOPII, see 
 Tube, Fallopian. 
 
 VEXILLUM, Drapeati. 
 
 VIA, Way — V. Curandi, Ratio medendi — v. 
 Stomachi et ventris, CEsophagus. 
 
 VIABILITY, see Viable. 
 
 VI'ABLE, Viab'ilis, from via', ' way ;' or from 
 (F.) vie, 'life,' (Orfila.) A word, which may 
 be introduced with great advantage from the 
 French into our language. It is an epithet 
 applied to a fcEtus whose organs are properly 
 formed, and so developed as to permit its con- 
 
 tinued existence. Every foetus is not viable. 
 Anencephali have lived ten or twelve days, yet 
 they are not viable'j^a part or the whole of the 
 brain being wanting, The older the foetus, the 
 more viable is it. It is an idle prejudice that a 
 child, born at the end of eight months, is less 
 likely to live than one bbrnatthe end of seven. 
 The signs of vig,bility are drawn from,, the 
 weight, length, external conformation, &c., of 
 the foetus. It may be laid down as a general 
 rule, that no foetus born before theiend,of the 
 seventh month is viable. 
 
 Vl^ CHYLIFER^, Chyliferous vessels— 
 
 V. Extra ordinarias lactis, Galactoplania — v. 
 
 Lachrymales,' Lachrymal passages — vj Primae, 
 
 "Ways, digestive — v. Secundse, "Ways, second. . 
 
 VIAL, Phiala. 
 
 VIBI'CES, Mol'opes, Stria, (F.) Vergetttres. 
 Large purple spots, like the marks produced by 
 the strokes of a whip, which appear iinder the 
 skin in cehain malignant fevers'. They are unfa- 
 vourable indications, as they denote great pros- 
 tration. 
 VIBRAMEN, Oscillation. 
 VIBRANS, Vibratory. 
 VIBRATILE, Vibratory. , 
 VIBRATK), Oscillation— v., Cardiaea, Pal- 
 pitation — V. Cordis', Palpitation. 
 
 VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound. 
 VIBRATOR, Deferens vas. 
 ^VI'BRATORY, Vi'brative, Viirams-, (Fs) Vi- 
 bratile, from vibrare, ' to quiver.' An epithet 
 applied to the pain that, aeebmpanies some neu- 
 ralgias, which seems to the patient to vibrate 
 among the nerves. 
 
 Vibratory Motion, see Cil'is. 
 VIBRAT US, Oscillation. 
 VIB'RIO; froxTLmbrare, 'to quiver.' A ge- - 
 nus, of infusory animalcules, of which different 
 species are met withj — for example, Vib'rio pro'- 
 lifer in almost all putrescent fluids containing 
 protein, and in the pus of chancres ; ia which 
 last the V. lineola has likewise been found. 
 
 VIBRIS'SvE, from vibrari, ' to quiver.' The 
 hairs which grow at the entrance of the nostrils 
 and of other outlets. In the feline tribe, the 
 whiskers. 
 
 VIC-LE-COMPTE, MINERAL "WATERS 
 OF. Vic-Le-Compte is a small village in the 
 department of Puy de Dome, three leagues 
 from Issoire; where there is an acidulous cha- 
 lybeate, which is aperient, 
 
 VICA'RIOUS, F»caVi««, from wnj, 'change, 
 place.' The place of another : — as ' vicarious 
 secretion,' Seere'tio mca'ria. A secretion which 
 takes place in one part instead of another. 
 
 VICAR'S BRAY, MINERAL "WATERS 
 OF. This spring is situate in Perthshire, Scot- 
 land, about two miles from Dollor, and near to- 
 Blarngone. The water is. one of the strongest 
 chalybeates known. 
 VICE, Cacosis. 
 
 VICHY, MINERAL "WATERS OF. Car- 
 bonated alkaline chalybeates, the sources of 
 which are at Vichy, six leagues from' Moulins 
 in the department of AUier. The springs are- 
 seven in number. Almost all are thermal; 
 give off bubbles of carbonic acid gas, and have 
 a slightly sulphureous odour. They deposits 
 carbonates of lime and magnesia, and a little 
 oxide of iron; and afford, on analysis, carbo- 
 nates of lime, soda, iron, and magnesia, car- 
 bonic acid, sulphate of soda, and chloride of 
 
VICIA FABA 
 
 892 
 
 VINUM 
 
 sodium. They are employed as tonics, particu- 
 larly in chronic affections of the abdominal vis- 
 cera, in old catarrhs, diseases of the joints, &c; 
 
 TlOHY Water, F actit"iotis, Aqua, Vieien'sis, 
 (F.) Eaiide Vicky, is "made of simple acidulous 
 water, impregnated with twice its bulk of ca»i- 
 bonic acid, ^xxss; suhoarbonatc of soda, gr. 
 xxxij ; sulphate . of soda, gr. xvj ;' chloride of. 
 sodium,, gr. iv;. suhcarhonate of magnesia, gr. 
 sa;(^hlorideefiron,gT.i. Mix. PA. P.) 
 
 VICIA FABA. The &om»M» GardenBean, 
 (F.) Feve on five desmarais. Family, Legu- 
 minosae. Siex, Syst. Diadelphia'Decandria. A 
 native of Egypt, of which there, are many va- 
 rieties. Beans are not easy of digestion. They 
 are proverbially flatulent, especially when old. 
 When young, they ^ are more digestible and 
 wholesome,. Bean meal was one of, the four 
 resolvent meals of the ancients. 
 
 VICINITRACTUS, Ei^sipelas. 
 
 VICINITRAHA, Erysipelas, , , 
 
 VICTOBIALIS FEMINEA, Gladiolus vul- 
 garis — V . Longa, Allium victoriale — v . Rotunda, 
 Gladiolus vulgaris. 
 
 VICTUS RATIO, Diet. 
 
 VIDANGBS, Lochia. 
 
 VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid canal. 
 
 VJE, Life. 
 
 VIEILLESSB, Senectus. 
 
 VIF ARGENT, Hydrargyrum. 
 
 VIGILANCE, Insomnia. 
 
 VIGILANTIA, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILiATIO, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILIA, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGILI^, fegregor^is — v. Nimiae, Coma vi- 
 
 VIGILIUM, Egregorsis. 
 
 VIGNE, Vitis vinifera — v. Blanche, Bryonia 
 alba-r-K. dti iVor(^,Humulus lupulus — v. Vierge, 
 Bryonia alba. 
 
 VIGOR, Acme. 
 
 VILLA FRANCA, (CLIMATE OF.) This 
 little town is situate immediately to the east- 
 ward of Montalbanoi which separates the bay 
 •of Villa Franca from thattof Nice-. It is on the 
 southern declivity of a steep and lofty range of 
 mountains; and is more effectually sheltered 
 from the north and north-west winds than Nice, 
 with the climate of which that of Villa Franca 
 closely corresponds. 
 
 VILLI, see Villous membranes. 
 
 VILLOUS, Villo'sus, from villus, 'a hair,' 
 
 Villous M'Embiianes or Coats, Velamien'ta 
 Bomhyc'Hna, (F.) Membranes villetcses, Mem- 
 branes veloutes, ar^ such as are covered with 
 soft papillse or Villi, Flffcei, Floc'culi, Vesic'ula, 
 GyUn'dri, Tubi Membrana'cei^ constituted of 
 blood-vessels, nerves, and absorbents ; . or Such 
 as are covered with fine down, so as to cause 
 them to feel soft and velvety. The term is, 
 however, chiefly restricted to the former. 
 Chaussier gives the name simple villous mem- 
 branes to the serous membranes ; and that of 
 complicated or follicular villous memhranes to 
 the mucous membranes. On.these membranes 
 there are bodies endowed with ciliary motion. 
 
 VIN, Wine — v. de Bordeaux, Claret — v. de 
 Poulet, see Poulet—v, de Quinquina compose, 
 Vinumde kinft kinS: compositum — v. Sec, Sack. 
 
 VINAIGRE, Acetufti, see Aceticum acidum 
 — V. Scillitique, Acetum scillse — v, de Bois, 
 Pyroligneous acid. ' 
 
 VINAIGRES MiDICINAUX, Acetica. 
 
 VINCA MINOR, Vinea pervin'ca, Clem'atia 
 daphnoi'des major, Lesser periwinkle, (F.yPer- 
 ^vinche, Violette des Sorders. It has bitter and 
 astringent properties, and has been used in gar- 
 gles arid diseases of the chest. 
 VINCETOXICtJM;, Asclepias vincetoxicnm. 
 VINCTURA, Fascia. 
 VINCULA, Fascia.' 
 
 VINCULITM, Bandage, Lien— v. Caninum, 
 Frasnum penis — v. Linguae, Frsenum linguse — 
 V. Prapputii, Frasnum penis — v. Umbilicale, 
 Funiculus umbilicalis.' 
 
 VINE, Vitis vinifera-^v. Grape, Vitis "vinife- 
 ra — V. Poison, Rhusjadicans — v. Wild, Pareira. 
 VINEGAR, AROMATIC SPIRIT OF, see 
 Aceticum acidum — ^v. of Cahtharides, Acetum 
 cantharidis— V. Common, Acetum — v.' Bistilled^ 
 see Aceticum acidum — v. Marseilles, Acetum 
 aromaticum^-v. 6f Meadow - saffron, Apetujn 
 colchici — V. Radical, Aceticum acidum— y. of 
 Squills, Acetum scillae — V. of the Four Thieves, 
 Acetum aromaticum— ^v. Thieves', Acetum aro- 
 maticum — v. of Wood, see Aceticum acidum. 
 VINETTIER, Oxycantha Galeni. 
 VINEUX, Vinoiis. 
 VINOLENTIA, Temulentia. 
 VINOSUS, Vinous. 
 
 \lNO\JSi,Vino'sus, CEno'des, (En&i'des. Re- 
 lating to wine. Having the character of, or re- 
 sembling, wine. Made of wine. 
 
 VINUM, Wine, Sherry wine, (Ph. U. S.,) 
 Vinum Hispan'icum,, 
 
 ViNUM Absinthi'tes, Wine of Wormwood. 
 (Fol. absinth, ^xsicc, absinth. Pontic, Sa %y], 
 vini albi Oiv. Macerate for 24 hours, and 
 strain. Ph. P.) Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, 
 vermifuge, &c. " 
 
 ViNTjM Adusttjm, Brandy-^ v. Album Hispa- 
 nicum, see Wine-^v. Album Montanum, see 
 Wine. , 
 
 ViwuM Al'oes, V. aloes Socotori'ncs, Vimtm 
 aloet'icum, V. aru'pio-aloeticum, "Wine of Aloes, 
 Tinctu'ra hi'era, Tinctura, sacra, {Aloes in 
 pulv. _^j, cardam, cont., zingib. cont., ka. _^j ; 
 vini Oj. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph, 
 L.\ Purgative and stomachic, according to the 
 dose. Dose, f. gj to f. gij. 
 
 Vinum Am arum, V. Gentianae comp. — v. 
 Amarum scilliticum, &c., V. diureticum ama- 
 rum— iv. Amarum cum ^piritu vini, V. gentianse 
 compositum — v. Antimoniale, V. antimonii tar- 
 tarizati — v. Antimoniatum Huxhami, V. anti- 
 monii tartarizati — v. Antimonii potassio-tar- 
 tratis, V. antimonii tartarizati. , 
 
 Vinum Antimonii Tartariza'ti, V.tart'ratis 
 antimonii, V, antimo'nii potas' sio-ta/rtratis, Li- 
 qugrtar'tari emet'ici, Solu'tion oftar'tarised an- 
 y, Essen'tia antimonii seu stib'ii, Anti- 
 d wine, Vinum benedic'tum, Vinum anti- 
 nionia'ttim Huxha'mi, V. antimoniale. Aqua be- 
 nedic'ta Rulan'di, Vinum emet'icum,. (Ant. et 
 Potass, tart. ^ j, vini f. ^x. Dissolve the tartar- 
 ized antimony in the wme. Ph. U. S.) Each 
 fluidounce contains two grains of the tartrate. 
 
 The ordinary Antimonial ivine is made with 
 glass of antimony gj, sherry Oiss. 
 
 Ward's Red Drop consists of a strong vinous 
 solution of tartarized antimony. 
 
 Vinum Antiscorbu'ticum, Antiscorbu'tie 
 wine. {Rad. armoracise recent. J,], fol. each- 
 learix recent. .nastmtii aquat,, trifol. aquatic, 
 semin, sinap,, w, gss, ammonice muriat. Jij, 
 vin. albi Oij. Macerate for 36 hours; filter. 
 
VINUM 
 
 893 
 
 VINUM 
 
 axii aid Hnisturas cochlear. ^SB. Ph.,P.) Sti- 
 mulant and tonic. Dose, f. gss to f. §ij. 
 
 ViNUM Aeomat'icum, ^romatic wine. (Spe- 
 cies aromatic, ^iv, vin, rulr. Oij. Macerate 
 fot 6 days and filter. Fh. P.) Stimulant and 
 tonic. Used, externally, in fomentations, em- 
 brocations, &c. 
 
 ViNUM Aromo-aloetigum, v. aloes — v. Be- 
 nedictum, V. antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 ViNOM C ampa'num, y. Cam^jona'cejjOT. Cham- 
 pagne wine. A Well-knowa sparkling wine of 
 France. 
 
 ViNUM CanaeIhtjm, see Wine — v.^ Chalybea- 
 tum, V. ferri — v. Cinchonse compoSitum, V. de 
 kinfi kin& comp. 
 
 ViNUM CoL'OHici, Wine of Colchicum, Y. 
 Colckici Radi'cis, Want's Eau d'Husson. 
 (Colchic. rod. benfe contus. Bij, vini, Oij. Ma- 
 cerate for 14 days, with occasional" agitation, 
 and then express strongly, and filter. Ph. U.S.) 
 It may also be prepared by displacement. 
 Diuretic, sedative, and purgative.' Chiefly used 
 in gout. 'Dose, giV 40 taf. gj. 
 
 Reynotds's Specific fox gout and rheumatism 
 consisted of the fresh bulb of Colchicum gviij, 
 Sherry wins, f. gxvj. The colchicum was ma- 
 cerated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a 
 gentle heat ; coloured with syrup of poppies 
 and flavoured with rum. Reynolds is said to 
 liave killed himself by taking an over-dose of it. 
 
 ViNUM CoLOHici Radicis, V. colcliici. 
 
 ViNUM CoLCHici ^^m'u<is,WineofColchicivm 
 teed. (^Colchic. sem. cont. §iv; mni-Oij. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, with occasional agitation, then 
 express and filter. Ph. XT. S.) Dose, f . gj to f . gij . 
 
 ViNtJM Ceematum, Brandy, 
 
 ViNDM DiDKET'iouM Ama'Rum, Jinnm ama- 
 rum. scillit'icum compos'itum, in Cha/rita'tis 
 Ijfosoco'mi'o usurpa'twm, Bitter diuret'ic wine. 
 (Gort, cinchon., Winteran., limon.,§&^ij,rhus 
 tQxicodendr., scilla, cacumin. angeliecBj a^^ss, 
 fol. dhsinth.j melissiB, aa ^j, haccar. juidp., 
 maeis,a3.'^ss,vin. alb. Oviij. Macerate and 
 filter. Ph. P.) Stimulant, tonic, and diuretic. 
 DOse, f. gss to f. §iss. 
 
 ViHUM Emetioum, V . antimonii tartarizati. 
 
 Visum Er'got^, Tfiree of Ergot. {Ergptce, 
 cont.,gij ; •bikjOj. Macerate for 14 days, with 
 occasional agitation; then express, and filter. 
 Ph. U. S.) Dose, m. xx to f. gj to produce 
 the peculiar effects of ergot. 
 
 ViKUM FpE-RATUM, V. Ferri. 
 
 ViNUM Ferri, V.chalybea'tum, Steel wine, 
 Wine of Iron, Vinum ferra'tum, V. Martia'- 
 tum, Y. Martis, TinctUra Mariis vino'sa, 
 Tinctura Partis cmm vino. (Iron, gj, s-itper- 
 tartrate of Potass,- in powder,, gvj, distilled 
 water, Oij or q. s., proof spirit, t. §xx. Rub 
 the iron and supertartrate of potass together, 
 and expose them to the air in a flat vessel, 
 moistened with a fluidounce of water, for a 
 fortnight ; agitating every day with a spatula^ 
 and sprinkling them with water, to keep them 
 moist. Then dry with a gentle heat, and mix 
 with ,f XXX ofdist. water. Filter the fluid and add 
 the spirit. Pk.L.y Tonic. Dose, f. gj to f. giv. 
 
 It is sometimes made by adding two pints of 
 wine to two ounces of iron filings; macerating 
 and filtering. 
 
 Vinum Gentia'nje Compos'itum, V. Ama'- 
 rum. Compound wine of gentian, Infu'sum 
 ama'rum vino' sum, Vinum amarum cum spiritu 
 vini, Wine hitters. (Ra<l. gentian, lutea ^ss, 
 cort. cinchon. offic. §j, cort. aurant. gij, canella 
 
 alb. gj, alcohol, dilut. f. gfv, vini alb. Hispanic. 
 Oijss. Ph. E.) Dose f. gj to f. gvj. 
 ■ Vinum Hippooeaticum, Claret — v. Hispani- 
 cum, Vinum — v. Hord'eaceum, Cerevisia — v. 
 Hydatodes, see Hydatoid. 
 
 Vinum IPEOAcAjAN'Hffl, Ipecacuan'ha wine. 
 (Ipecacnan. cent, gij, Yini,, Oij.) Maceratt^ 
 for 14 days,, express,, and filter. Emetic and 
 diaphoretic. Dose, as an ?metio, f. giv to, f. gx- 
 
 Vinum ds Kina Kina Compos'itum, V. ein- 
 eho'fia compaosiium. Compound lark wine, (F.) 
 Yin de quinquina compose. {Cort, cinchon. 
 pulv.BsSjii'Mosiias, coi*. Winteran., cort. aurant. 
 sico., aa gss, alcohol. (13° to 22° Beaume) Oj. 
 Macerate' for 24 hours; -and add vini albi Ovj. 
 Macerate for four days, and filter. Ph. P.-) 
 Tonic,' feb;:ifuge, and stomachic. Dose, f. §ss 
 to f. gij. 
 
 Vinum Martiatum, V. ferri — v. Martis, V. 
 ferri — v. Medicatunij see Claret. 
 
 Vinum Medicina'lS, Medicated Wine, 
 AVine, holding in solutipn one or more medi- 
 cines. MediiinaJ wines are obtained by mace- 
 rating or digesting medicinal substances in 
 wine. They differ, o'f course, according to the 
 nature of .the medicine employed, the strength 
 of the wine, &c. In a late Pharmacopceia of 
 the London College, all the wines were changed 
 into weak tinctiires ; but the old names were 
 left unaltered.. Sherry is tl:e wine usually em- 
 ployed. The following are medicated wines. 
 .Vinum Meeum, Acratum— v. Nicotiana; ta- 
 baci, V. tabaci — v. Opiatum fermentatione pa- 
 ratum, Laudanum abbatis Rousseau. - 
 
 Vwum O'pii, Wine of Opium, Yinum de opif 
 compos'itum, Laud'anum liq'uidumSydenha mi , 
 Laudanum liqiddum Hoffman' ni, Tinctu'ra The- 
 ba'ica, &c., Ford's laudanum. (Opii in pulv. 
 ^^ij; cinnam.cont.,caryophyU. cont.aagj; vim 
 bj. Macerate for 14 days; expressand filter.— 
 Ph. U. S.) Narcotic. Dose, gtt. xv to f. gj. 
 
 Vinum de Opio Compositum, V. opii — v. Pi- 
 catum, Pissites. 
 
 Vinum PoetCgal'lioum. Wine of Portugal 
 ■or of Oporto. Port Wine. A strong astringent 
 wine, not much drank in the United States; but 
 greatly used in England. 
 
 Vinum Qui'nije, Wine ofQuinia. (WineMj, 
 sulphate of quinia gT\ X. Mix.)' Dose," f. ,^iss 
 or more; according as it is used as a stotSiachic, 
 or to arrest ague. A Yinum Cincho'nics may 
 be made, in the same way. 
 
 Vinum RhBi, V. R. pnlma'ti, Rhubarb Wine, 
 Tinctura' Rhabar'baH Vino'sa, Vinum Fhabar- 
 bari. Elixir Rh'ei dulcl, E. R. Compos'itum. 
 (Rad. rhei cont. fij, canellce cont„3J, alcohol, 
 dilut. f. gij, vini Oj. Macerate, for 14 days; 
 express and filter.— PA. U. 8.) Laxative and 
 stimulant. Dose, f. giv to f. giss. « 
 
 Vinum Rhei Palmati, V. Rhei — v. Rhena- 
 num, se,e Wine— v. Rhabarbari, V. rhei palmati 
 —V. Subrufn Portugallicum, see Wine. 
 
 Vir^uM TaB'aoi, Vinum Nicotia'nss Tabaci, 
 Tobac'co Wine, [jabac. gj, vini Oj. Mace- 
 rate'for 14 days;express andstrain. Ph. U. S.) 
 Narcotic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. In drop- 
 sical cases, colica pictonum, and ileus. Not 
 used. Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj. 
 
 Vinum Veea'tei, Y. V. albi. Wine of White 
 Hellebore. (Veratri co7it.'§iv; ViniOj. Mace- 
 rate for 14 days, express and filter. — Ph. U. S.) 
 In cutaneous affections, and in gout. Dose, ten 
 minims. 
 
YIOL 
 
 894 
 
 VISCGNIA 
 
 ViHUM Veeatri Albi, V. Veratri. 
 
 VIOL, Stuprum. ' 
 
 VI'D^iA, Viola odora'ta. Ion, Matrona'lis, 
 Viola'fiaytlie Sweet Violet, (F.)Fiolefte i bou- 
 quets, V. odorante. The flowers of the sweet 
 violet have ' a pleasant, pecilliar odour> and 
 acarcely any taste. They are slightly laxative. 
 
 Viola Cani'na"^ The Dog Violet. The root 
 of this plant is emetic and cathartic. Dose, 9 j .' 
 
 Viola Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacuanha — v. 
 Ltftea, Cheiraathus cheiri — v. Odorata, Viola 
 — V. Palustris, Pinguieola vulgaris. 
 
 Viola Peda'ta, Viola, (Ph. U. S.) TMs in- 
 digenous violet, ^hich grows from New Eng- 
 land to Carolina, is regarded by some as a use- 
 ful demulcent in pectoral affections. 
 
 Viola Tri'color, Seart'.s ease,. Pansiest Ja- 
 ce'a, IXerbaTrinita'tis; (F.) JPe7isee, P. sauvage. 
 The decoction of this beautiful little plant has 
 been recommended in diseases of, the stin, &c. 
 Its roots are,'also, emetic and cathartic. 
 
 VIOLARIA, Viola. 
 
 VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina^vi Bloom, 
 Solanum dulcamara — v. Sweet, Viola. 
 
 VIOLETTB A BOUQUETS, Viola— «. 
 Odorante, Viola-*— «. des So.rciers, Vinca minor. 
 
 no LIEU J^^?7JV£, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
 
 YIORNA, Clematis vitalba. ' ; 
 
 VIPER, EGYPTIAN, Aspis— v. Grass, Scor- 
 zonera — v. Ten inch long. Echidna ocellata. 
 
 VIPERA, Coluber berus. 
 
 V I PERARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria, Scor- 
 zonera. - 
 
 YIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia 
 serpentaria. 
 
 VIR, Penis — v. Effoeminatus, Gynaecaner. 
 
 VIRAGO, see Pogoniasis. 
 
 YIRGA, Penis^ — v. Gerea, Bougie^— v. Cere- 
 bri, Pineal gland. 
 
 VIRGILIA, Cladrastis tinctoria. . 
 
 VIR'GINAL, Virgina'le,, from virgo, 'a vir- 
 gin.' The external genital organs in the, virgin. 
 
 VIRGINIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Thete are several celebrated mineral springs 
 in Virginia, on the western, side of the- Blue 
 Ridge. Two Thermal springs exist, in Bath 
 county. The Warm Spring, as it is called, 
 issues with a bold stream, sufficient to turn a 
 mill, and to k«ep tlje water of its basin at the 
 temperature of 97°. The Hot Spring is a few 
 miles froni the Warm. Its temperature is 107°. 
 They are both slightly sulphureous. T^e Sweet 
 Springs are at the eastern foot of the Alle- 
 gheny, in Botetourt cpunty; 4a miles from the 
 Warm Springs. The water has a temperature 
 of 70°, and i? highly impregnated- with carbonic 
 acid. 'I'he'White Sulphur, as well as Hob Red 
 Sulphur, and Salt Salphar Springs, are also" 
 much celebrated. The Red Spring is affirmed 
 to exert a sedative influence on the p61se, di- 
 minishing the number of its beats. About 1 5 
 miles from Staunton are Stribling's Springs — 
 a sulphuretted water; and- near Warfenton, in 
 Fauquier county, there is a sulphureous water, 
 called Lee's Springs, which is much frequented. 
 
 Virginia, Hymen. 
 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER, COMMON, Clematis 
 vitalba. Clematis Virginica — v. Bower, upright. 
 Clematis recta — v. Sweet-scented, Clematis 
 flammula. 
 
 Virgin's Milk, Lac Vir'ginis, Lac Virgina'le, 
 (F.) Lait virginal. A tincture of benjamin or 
 of any other balsam, precipitated by the addi- 
 tion of water, which gives it a milky appear- 
 
 ance. Also, subacetate of l^ad precipitated by 
 water, It has been used as a cosmetic to r^- 
 move freckles, &c. 
 
 VIRGINITASDEfLORATA, Defloration. 
 
 VIRGO, Girl — v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea. 
 
 YIRGULA, Penis. 
 
 VIRIDE MSIS, Cupri subacetas^v. Mon- 
 tanum, Cuprum. 
 
 VIRILE, Penis. 
 
 VIRILITY, Adult age. 
 
 VIROSUS, Virulent. 
 
 VIRTUE, Faculty. 
 
 VIRTUS FORM ATRIX, Plastic force— v. 
 Plastiqa, Plastic force. 
 
 VIR'ULENT, Virulen'tus, Viro' sus, from 
 virus. That which is of the nature of a virus 
 or which is caused by a virus. 
 
 VIRUS, from «««, 'force.' A Latin word, 
 which signifies poison ; but which, in medicine, 
 has a sbmewhat different acceptation, By it is 
 understood a pHnciple, unknown in its liafure 
 and inappreciable by the sensesj which is the 
 agent for the transrnission of infectious diseases. 
 Thus we speak of the variolic, vaccine, and 
 syphilitic virus. Virus differs frpm venom -in 
 the latter, being a secretion natural to certain 
 animalsi whilst the former is always the result 
 of a morbid process; — ^. morbid poison. , 
 
 ViRtfs, Ichor,. P^isoni Sanies^-v. Yaccine, 
 see Vfaccilia^v. Yitaile, Sperpi. ' 
 
 VIS, Force — v. Adhsesionis, Cohesion (force 
 of) — V. Attractiopis, Cohesion (force, of)— v. 
 Aucta, Sthenia^— V. Cohsesionis, Cohesipn (force 
 of): — V. Conservatrix, V. medicatrix naturae — 
 V. Elastica, Elasticity. 
 
 Vis Expbl'tbix: T'l® organic force by vyhich, 
 it was supposed, thfe Useless was removed from 
 the body. '^ ' 
 
 Vis FoRMATivA, Plastic force^v. Generatrix, 
 Potentia gerierandi — v. Imminuta, Asthenia — 
 V. Insita, Irritability — v. Irritabilitatis,-Irrita- 
 bili,ty. 
 
 Vis Meijica'trix NATu'RiE, Vis conserva'trix, 
 Antoerati'a, Autonom'ia, Aiitocrato'ria, Authy- 
 gian'sis, Autptherap^i' a, Physiat'ricS, Physio- 
 autocrati'aj Physiautocrati'a. ^ A term, em- 
 ployed by some, to express that instinctive 
 healing power, in an animal or vegetable, by 
 virtuS of which it can repair injuries inflicted 
 upon it, or remove disease. 
 
 Vis Mor'tua. Under this name Haller in- 
 cluded the mechanical propertiesof membrane, — 
 flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &c. — which 
 ^re totally independent of the vital properties. 
 They retnain some ^ime after the complete ex- 
 tinction of life in all its functions; seem to be 
 connected with the nflechanical arrangement of 
 particles and the chymical composition of the 
 substance in which they reside, and not to be 
 affected until the progress of decomposition has 
 become sensible. 
 
 Yis Muscularis, Myodynamia — v. Plastiea, 
 Plastic force — v. Reproductiva, Plastic force — 
 V. YitaB, Irritability. 
 
 Vis Vita'lis, Fis'seu Fao'ultas Zo'tiea, (F.) 
 Force vitale. The vital force which distinguishes 
 living matter from the dead. Also, Irritability. 
 
 Yis Zotioa, Vis vitalis. 
 
 VISAGE, Countenance. 
 
 VISCERA, Entrails. 
 
 VISCERAL, Splanchnic. 
 
 VISCERALIS, Stomachal. 
 
 VISCkRES, Entrails. 
 
 VISCONIA, Physconia. 
 
VISCUM ALBUM 
 
 895 
 
 VITRIOL 
 
 VISCUM ALBVM, Mist'letoe, Ixtis, Ix'ia, 
 Dal/ack, (F.) Gui. A parasitic plant, which 
 gi'ows on a number of trees. Family, Caprifo- 
 liaceae. Sex. Syst. Dio^cia Tetrandria. That 
 of the- oak — Vi.fcwm tjuerd'num — has beei) most 
 celebrated, but it does not differ from the others. 
 It vaSj at one timej much used in epilepsy and 
 other neuroses; — the wood or leaves being 
 given in powder, in the dose of gss or ^j. The 
 berries, also, called Fofntnes- hemorrhdidales, 
 from their, supposed virtues, are drastic; anJj 
 when applied externally, are maturative. 
 
 VISIO, PupiL 
 
 -VIS'ION, Vis'io, Visus, from viderf, visum, 
 «to see;' Opsis, Omma, (F.) Vue. The action 
 of seeing. The sight. The sight is one of the 
 five senses, and the eye is its organ. By it we 
 distinguish colours and appreciate most of the 
 physical qualities of external objects. The 
 eye is composed of different transparent metfia, 
 whose curvatures and refractive powers are so' 
 combined as to render insensible the aberrations 
 of sphericity and refrahgibility, and to concen- 
 trate the numerous rays proceeding from more 
 or less distant objects. These rays traverse, 
 successively, the transparent cornea, the aqueous 
 humour, the crystalline, -the 'vitreous humour, 
 and strike upon the retina, on which they im- 
 press the figure of the object whence they 
 have emanated; and, in order that no ob- 
 scurity may arise from thp reflections that 
 might otherwise occur, the anterior of the eye 
 is linedf^by a membrane — the choroid — which is 
 itself covered internally by a dark pigment. 
 This absorbs the light, like the dark pigment in 
 the interior of telescopes, and thus obviates 
 confusion. As the rays proceeding from an 
 object must cross each other in their course to 
 the retina, it follows, that those» proceeding 
 from the upper part of an object must fall upon 
 the lower part of the retina, and conversely ; 
 so that the object must be impressed upon the 
 retina in an in'verted position; yet experience 
 teaches us to appreciate the position accurately. 
 
 Vision, Colotjhed, Chromopsia — v. Double, 
 Diplopia. > , 
 
 VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye. 
 
 VISORIUS, Visual. 
 
 VIS'UAL, Visua'lis, Viso'rius. ■ Same ety- 
 mon. That which concerns the sight or belongs 
 to vision. 
 
 Visual Angle is the angle formed by the 
 crossing of two rays, proceeding from oppo- 
 site points of ariy ,body, , in their passage 
 through the pupil. It is by the size of this an- 
 gle, that we judge, to a certain exteiit, of the 
 size of objects. 
 
 VISUS, Vision — v. Acris, dxydercia — v. 
 Acribr, Nyctalopia— i-v. Goloratus, Chromopsia 
 — v. Debilitas, Asthenopia — v. Decolor, Achro- 
 matojpsia — v. Dimidiatus, Hemiopia — v. Diur- 
 nus, Hemeralopia-T-v. Duplicatus, Diplopia-r- 
 V. Hebetudo, Amblyopia — v. Juvenum, Myopia 
 — v. Lucidus, Photopsia — v. Muscarum, see 
 Metamorphopsia — v. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia — 
 v. Senilis, Presbytia. 
 
 VITA, Life — v. Propria, Irritability. 
 
 VITAL PROPERTIES, see Properties.vital. 
 
 Vital Prin'ciple, Flam'mula seu Aura vita'- 
 lis, Microcosme'tor, (F.) Flamme vitale, Vital 
 Flame. The principle which, in association 
 with matter, as in organized bodies, controls its 
 manifestations and properties, and distinguishes 
 organized matter from the inorganic. 'We know 
 
 nothing of this principle, except in its connexion 
 with organization. 
 
 VITALBA, Clematis vitalba. 
 
 VITALITY, Vital'itas, from vita, 'life.' 
 The vital principle : also used in the sense of 
 vital action, or vital movement. 
 
 VIT'ELLINE, Vitellinus, from viteUus, ' the 
 yolk of an egg.' 
 
 Vitelline Disc, Proligerous Disc — v. Fluid, 
 see Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Pedicle is the pedicle which 
 attaches the umbilical vesicle to the embryo. 
 See Vesicula umbilicalis. 
 
 Vitelline Pouch, Vesicula uthbilicalis — v. 
 Vessels, Omphalo-mesenteric. 
 
 VITELLO-MfiSEN'TERIC, Omphalo-me- 
 
 VITELLUM OVI, see Ovum. 
 
 VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum. 
 , VITEX, V.Agnus Castus,AgJius Castus,(F.) 
 Gattilier, Petit Poipre, Poivre sauvage. Fcf/mily, 
 Pyrenacese. Sea;. Syji.- Didynamia Angiosper- 
 mia. The Chaste Tree. The seed's, when ft-esh, 
 have a fragrant smell, and an acrid, aromatic 
 taste. Formerly, they were celebrated as anta- 
 phrodisiacs. 
 
 VITI SALTUS, Chorea. 
 
 VITIATIO, Stuprum. 
 . VITILIGINES, Ephelides. , 
 
 VITILIGO, Lepra — v. Alphus, Lepra alpho- 
 ides — V. Melas, Lepra nigricans — v. Nigra, Le- 
 pra nigricans, i 
 
 VITIS ALBA SYLVESTRIS, Bryonia alba 
 — V. Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca. 
 
 ViTis Corinthiaca. Family of the Vines. 
 Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. This plant 
 affords the XJvai pas'sx mino'res, Pdsssn Corin- 
 tkiacae, Pas'sulas imno'res, TXvx Corinthiacts, 
 Currants, (¥.) Raisins ieCorinthe.' They are 
 the, dried fruit of-the Vitis Corinthiaca or Vitis 
 apyre'na; and are similar, in their properties, to 
 the raisin. 
 
 'Vitis lDiEAPALusTS.is,Vacciniumoxycoccos. 
 
 Vitis Vinif'iira, Am'pelos, A. CEnoph'oros. 
 The Grape vine, the Vine, (F.) Vigne. Vine 
 leaves and the tendril s have an astringent taste, 
 and were formerly used in diarrhoea, hemor- 
 rhagfe, &c. The juice or sap, called liac'- 
 ryma, has been recommended in calculous dis- 
 orders and in cases of chronic ophthalmia. The 
 juice of the unripe fruit is called Verjuice. 
 The Grape, JJ'va,Bbtrys, Sta'ph'yle,'Rhax, (F.) 
 Raisin, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious 
 fruit; and, when' dried, forms the Xlva passat 
 Tnajo'res, PasS'uliE mdjo'res, Vv<b passx sole 
 sieca'ttB, Raisins. These are inodorous; and 
 to the taste, subacidulous, sweet, and mucila- 
 ginous. They are demulcent and nutritive. 
 
 VITIUM, Disease^-v. Caducum, Epilepsy. 
 
 ViTiDM Gonfor'ma'tionis. A disease or fault 
 of conformation. 
 
 ViTiuM DiviMDM, Epilepsy — v. Herculeum, 
 Epilepsy — v. Scrophulosum, Scrofula. 
 
 VITRARIA, Parietaria. 
 
 VITREOUS, Hyaline— V. Humor, Corpus 
 vitreum. ' 
 
 VITREUS, Hyaline. 
 
 VITRINE AUDITIVE (F.'), from vitrum, 
 'glass;' End'olymph, lAquor of Scarpa, Fluid 
 of Scarpa. The fluid contained in the mem- 
 branous labyrinth of the ear, so called from its 
 resemblance to the vitreous humour of the eye. 
 -VITRIOL, Ferri sulphas^T. Blue, Cupn 
 sulphas — V. Cceruleum, Cupri sulphas — v. 
 
VITRIOLUM ALBUM 
 
 VOMER 
 
 Green, Ferri sulphas — v. Romaii) Cupri sulphas 
 —V. White, Zinci sulphas. 
 
 VITRIOLUM ALBUM, Zinci sulphas^y. 
 Ammoniacale, AmmoniEe sulphas— v. Cupri, 
 Cupri sulphas — v. Cypriura,Cu,pri sulphas^ — v. 
 Terri, Ferri sulphas — v. GoSlariense,. Zinci sul- 
 phas — V. Martis, Ferri sulphas — v. Romanum, 
 Cupri sulphas^T. Veneris, Cupri sulfhas — v. 
 Viride, iferri sulphas — v. Zincj, Zinci sulphas, 
 
 VITRUM, Hy'alos, Glass, Srdneia, (F.) 
 Verre, from videre, 'to see.' Glass, coarsely 
 pojvdered, has been sometimes used to remove 
 specks of the cornea. 
 
 Ppyi'dered glass has been regarded, but erro- 
 neously, as a poison. It acts only inechanically . 
 
 Th? saline scum, which swims on glass when 
 first made, has been used in tootji powders. It 
 is called Sandiver, Set de verre, Glass Gall, Fel 
 vitri, &c. 
 
 ViTH-UM Antimohii, See Antimonii vitrum — 
 y. Hypoclepticum, Separatorinm — v. Oculare, 
 Bee Spectacles — v. Sublimatorium, Aludel. 
 
 VITTA, Bandelette, Caul. 
 
 VIV^SECTIO, Tivisection. 
 
 VIVERRA CIVETTA, see Civetta. 
 
 VI VIPARITA, see Viviparous. 
 
 VIVIP'AROUS, from vivas, ' alive,' and pa- 
 Ho, 'I bring forth.' An epithet applied to ani- 
 mals whose ypung are brought forth detached, 
 without requiring to be^hatched, as in the Ovi- 
 ■parous. The condition may be termed Vivip'- 
 arousness, (F.) Viviparite, See Generation. 
 
 VIVIPAROUSNESS, see Viviparous. 
 
 VIVISECTION, Vivisec'tio, Vivasec'tio, Bio- 
 tom'ia, from vivus, ' alive,' and secare, sectum, 
 ' to cut.' The act of opening or dissecting 
 living animals. 
 
 VOCAL TUBE, see- Tube, vocal. 
 
 VOCALIS, Vowel. 
 
 VOCE DI PETTO, see Voice— «. di Tespa 
 (I.), see Voice. 
 
 VOICE, Vox, Audi, Phone, (F.) Voix, from 
 vocare, 'to name, to call.'' An appreciable 
 sound produced by the air, when driven from 
 the lungs, throwing the inferior ligaments of 
 the glottis into vibration. The function by 
 which this is effected has been called Phona'- 
 tion. It is a function of animal life; and, in 
 animals, is limited to the production of the sim- 
 ple or instmct'ive voice, as well as in the idiot ; 
 but, in intellectual man, becomes much more 
 complicated and articulated,— ^ah evidence of 
 his intellectual superiority. 
 
 Voice, An-Tio'tiLATED, Speech, Loque'la, 
 Cflossa, Glottfi, La'lia, Phrasis, (F.) Parole, 
 Voix articuUe, is the voice as produced by the 
 glottis, modified by the motions of the tongue, 
 lips, and other parts of the vocal tube. Most 
 physiologists agree in regarding the glottis, or 
 the spade between the thyro-atytenoid ligaments 
 plus the ligaments themselves, as the part 
 where vocal sounds are formed^ but the mecha- 
 nism of this formation is a matter of dispute. 
 The greater part of individuals regard the glot- 
 tis and its ligaments, with the vocal tube, or the 
 space which the sound has to traverse after 
 ii is produced in the glottis, as a reed instru- 
 ment, like the clarionet, the inferior' ligaments 
 of the glottis constituting the reed. In speech, 
 as ordinarily effected, the tongue, lips, teeth, 
 &c., are concerned, but there are some authen- 
 tic cases on record, where it has been accom- 
 plished after the tongue has been removed. In 
 such cases, the articulated voice must have been 
 
 produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided by 
 an obscure action of the, parts above it. 
 
 The singing voice is not limited to the larynx; 
 the pharynx would s6em to be concerned also. 
 The notes that are produced in the latter lave 
 been termed supra-laryngeal, or "notes of the 
 second register. They constitute the pharyn- 
 geal voice, falsetto or faueette voice or voce di 
 iesta,(^.y - The laryngeal voice, or voice of the 
 first register, is the Voce di Petto, (I.) 
 
 VoiCe, Bleatins, Egophony' — v. Cavernous, 
 Pedtoriloquy. 
 
 Voice, Chol'eeio, Vox Choler'iea. The pecu- 
 liar husky voice of those affected with cholera. 
 
 Voice, Convul'sive, Vox Convulsi'va,'(F .) 
 Voix Convulsive. A neurosis of the voice, 
 consisting in the production of discordant sounds 
 — acute and grave — which cannot be brought 
 td the nattiral topes by any effort of volition. 
 It seems to be caused by disordered contraction 
 of the muscles of the larynx. 
 
 Voice, Falsetto, see Voice-^v. Goat's, Ego- 
 phony — It. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice 
 —V. Pharyngeal, see Voice — v. Tiacheal, La- 
 ryngophony. 
 
 VOTE, Way. 
 
 VOIES DIGESTIVES, Ways, digestive— 
 v. Lachrymales, Lachryflaal passages — v. Pre- 
 mieres, Ways, digestive — v. Secondes, Ways, 
 second — v. Tlnnaires, Vvinarj passages. 
 
 VOILE DU PALAIS, Velum pendulum pa- 
 lati — V. Medullaire ikferieure. Velum" niedut 
 lare inferius^— w, Medullaire supirieure, Val- 
 vula Vieussenii. 
 
 VOIX, Voice — V. ArticuUe, Voice.articnlated 
 — V. ArticuUe, Pectoriloquy — v. Bottr.donMante, 
 see Resonance — v. Bronchiqve, Resonance — v. 
 Caverneuse, Pectoriloquy — v. Chevrotante, Ego- 
 phony — V. Agophonique, Egophony — v, dePofi- 
 chinella, Egophony — v. Senile, Egophony— rw. 
 Tuhaire, see Resonance'. 
 
 VOLA, Palm— v.Manus, Palm— v.Pedis,Sole. 
 
 VOLATICA, Lichen. 
 
 VOLATII^IZATION, Volatilisa'tio, Volati- 
 sa'tio,iiom vplarci ' to fly.' The operation of re- 
 ducing volatiiizable substances into gas or vapour. 
 
 VOLATISATIO, Volatilization. , 
 
 VOLIT"ION, Volif'io, from volo, ' to will.' 
 The act of willing. Hence : 
 
 V0LIT"I6NAL, relating to volition. Thus 
 the muscles may be moved by a volitional or 
 by an emotional impulse. 
 
 VOLNUS, Wound. 
 
 VOLSELLA, Acanthobolos, Forceps, Madis- 
 terium-i— V. Patini, Valet a Patin. 
 
 VOLTAISM, Galvanism. 
 . VOLTUS, Countenance, Face. ' 
 
 VOL'UNTARY, Hecu'sius, Volunta'riits, 
 from voluntas, 'will.' Relating to the wiU; 
 as 'voluntary muscles ;' muscles which act in 
 obedience to the will. 
 
 VOLUNTAS, Volen'tia, Arbit'rium, Cupid'- 
 itas,Boule'sis,Bule'sis, TAeie'ma, (F.) Volenti, 
 Will or desire. 
 
 Volun'tas seu Cupid'itas Desedei4d'i, Lu- 
 ii'do intesti'ni. The desire to go to stool. 
 
 VOLVULUS, Ileus — v. Intestinorum, Intus- 
 susceptio. 
 
 VOMENDI CONAMEN INANE, Vomitu- 
 rition. 
 
 VOMER, 'a ploughshare;' Os vo'meris, 
 Ara'trum, Os maxill'ts superio'ris undec'imum. 
 One of the bones of the face, so calltd from its 
 resemblance. It is an azygous bone, forming 
 
VOMICA 
 
 897 
 
 VUtVA 
 
 the posterior part of the septum naiiuip. It is 
 thin, flat, and quadrilateral; and is ai'ticulated, 
 lielow, to thS superior maxillary and palatine 
 bones ; and above, to the sphenoid, ethmoid, atad 
 comets of Bertin. It is developed by a single 
 point of ossification. Also, the penis. 
 
 VOM'ICA, PyacTfs'tisj from vomers, 'to vo- 
 mit,' 'to cast upj' (F.)^ Vomique, Crachement 
 de pus, A term used by some authors for any 
 encysted collection of purulent inatter in the 
 interior of a viscus. The acceptation is com-, 
 monly, howeverj restricted to purulent collec- 
 tions.in the lungs, encysted or not, which may 
 be discharged by the mouth, by breaking into 
 the bronchial tubes, T'wo kinds of vomicae are 
 distinguished ; the one caused by the softening 
 or breaking down of pulmonary tubercles ; the 
 other, of much more rare occurrence, formed by 
 a (Uicumscribed abscess of the lungs. Instead 
 of opening into the bronchia, the abscess is 
 sometirnes discharged into the cavity of the 
 pleura, causing empyema. 
 
 VOMICINE, Brncia. 
 
 VOMIQUE, Vomica. " 
 
 VOMIQUIER, Stry chaos nux vomica. , 
 
 VOMISSEMENT, Vomiting—!;, de "- 
 Heematemesis. . 
 
 VOMIT, BLACK, Fever, yellow--v. Black, 
 Melsena. 
 
 Vomit, Dey, of Maekiott. A once cele- 
 brated emetic, called ' dry,' from if s having been 
 given without solution. It consisted of equal 
 portions of tartrate of antimony and potassa, 
 and sulphate of copper* 
 
 VOMITIF, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITINE, Emetine. 
 
 VOM'lTINGjVom/itiis, Vomit!'w, VomiVivm, 
 Vam'itum, Evomi"tio,, Andiropl, Em'esis Vo- 
 mif'io, Palmus vom'itus, ^gritii'do ventnduH, 
 PvJdng, Sickness of the Stomach, (F.) Vomisse- 
 mentj from vomere, 'to cast- up.' The act by 
 which solids and liquids, contained in the sto- 
 mach, are ejected by the mouth. Vomiting is 
 the effect oi'^ome special irritation of the nerves 
 of the stomach. It is not accomplished solely 
 by the contraction of the stomach, as was for 
 a long time believed. That organ, indeed, as- 
 sists in the process ; but the main cause is the 
 compression exerted upon the parietes of the 
 viscus by the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. 
 Vomiting^is a symptom common to numerous 
 diseases. At times, it is sympathetic, as in af- 
 fections of the kidney, uterus, brain, &c. At 
 others, it is symptomatic, as in gastritis, perito- 
 nitis, &c. When very troublesome, it may often 
 be palliated by effervescent draughts,^ axomatics, 
 sinapismsjor blisters to the epigastric region, &c. 
 
 VoMiTiNS AT Pleasure,- Regurgitation-r-v. 
 of Blood, Haematemesis— V. Stercoraceous, Co- 
 premesis. 
 
 VOMITIO, Vomiting — v. Sanguinis, Hsema- 
 
 VOMITIUM, Vomiting. 
 
 VOMITO NEGRO, Fever, yellow— v. Prie- 
 to, Fever, yellow. 
 
 VOMITORIUM, Emetic. 
 
 VOMITUM, Vomiting. ' 
 
 VOMITURIT'ION, Vomittiri'tio, Emesi'a, 
 liysemes'ia, Subver'sio stom'aehi, Vemen'di co- 
 na'men ina'nB, Retching, Same etymon. In- 
 effectual efforts to vomit. Some authors mean, 
 by this term, a vomiting of but little matter, or 
 that which is effected almost without effort. 
 The first acceptation is the most general. 
 
 VOMITUS, Vomiting— V. CruefatuSj Hsema- 
 temesis — v. Ffficulentus, Copremesis — v. Ma- 
 rinus. Nausea marina— v. Navigantium, Nausea 
 marina — v. Niger, Fever, yellow-^v. Pituito- 
 sus, BlennemesiB^v. Profusus, Hyperemesis-^ 
 — V. Purulentus, Pyemesis — v. Sanguinis, HiE- 
 matemesis — v. Stercoris, Copremesis. 
 
 VOVTE, Vault — V. MeduUaire, Corpus cal- 
 losum — V. d Trots piliers, Fornix. 
 
 VOWEL, Voca'lis, from Latin v.ox, 'the 
 voice,' and voce, ^to call;' (F.) Voyelle.' Phy- 
 siologically, a continuous breath or sound, pro- 
 duced in the glottis ; but more or less modified 
 by the form of the vocal tube,'through which it 
 has to pass. In the Fnglish language, a, e, i, o, 
 w, w and y, are vowels. 
 
 VOX, Voice — Y. Cholerica, Voite, choleric — 
 V. Clangosaj Oxyphonia — v. Convulsiva, Voix 
 Convulsive — .v. Nasalis, Rhinophonia— v. Rau- 
 ca, Raucedo, Raucous, voice — v. Raucisona, 
 Raucous voice. 
 
 VOTELLE, Vowel. 
 
 WE, V ision — v . Cowte, Myopia— «. Diwn e, 
 Hemeralopia — M.2''aii/e,Amblyopia — v.Longue, 
 .Presbytia — v. Louche, Strabismus — v. Nocturne, 
 Nyctalopia. 
 . VULGA, Vulva. , 
 
 VULNiRAlRE, Vulnerary — v. Suisse, see 
 Falltranck. 
 
 VULNERARIUS, Traumatic, 
 
 'VW'^'EK&.'SM,Vulnera'rius,traiimca'icus, 
 from vulnus, vulneHs,'s. vyouad;' (F.) Vai- 
 ndraire. A natne applied by the ancients to me- 
 dicines, which they considered capable of fa- 
 vouring-the consolidation of wounds . The pro- 
 perty has been ascribed to various plants. 
 
 VULNERATib NERVI, Neurotrosis. 
 
 VULNUS, Wound — v.- Laceratum, gee La- 
 ceiatioij — v. Sclopetarium, Wound, gun-shot — 
 V. Simplex, Cut. ' 
 
 VULNUSCULUM, Wound. 
 
 VULPIS MORBUS, Alopecia. 
 
 WLTUEtrx (F.), Vultuo's-J,s. Corvisart 
 has used the expression, Face vultueuse, Fa'cies 
 vultuo'sa, for tlie fa!ce, when it is more florid 
 and swollen than in the natural ,state. This 
 appearance, vphich is observed in active aneu- 
 rism of the heart, according to Corvisart, is 
 owing to the afilux of hlood into the arterial 
 capillaries, and hence differs from the livid and 
 swollen appearance caused by the accumulation 
 of blood in the venous capillaries, constituting 
 ihe Face injeette. \ 
 
 VULTUS, Countenance, Face— v. Tetricus 
 et.Mosstusj Scythropasmus. 
 
 VULVA) Uterus, see Vulva. 
 
 Vulva, froiri' valva, .'a door;' ifor*««, Cun- 
 nus, Puden'dvmi mulie'lre. Sinus pudo'ris, 
 Choiros, Arvum, Bucca, Sulga, Cadur'ius, 
 Custos, Femen,An'nulus, Femur summum, Fol- 
 li(/ulus. Fundus, &re'mium, Hia'tus, Lanu'vi- 
 um, Navis, Oppid'ulum, Speeus, Vulga, Cym- 
 ba, Saltus, Gliior'ium, Os'tiv/m, Sulcus, Am- 
 phicaus'tis, Concha, Poreus, Porta, Interfe^i- 
 neum, Mulie'bria,Fossa magna mulie'bris,Epi- 
 sei'on, Es'chara, Hor'tulus cupid'inis, Bouba'- 
 lios, Byssos, Cava, Caver'na, Delphys, Delta, 
 Fovea, Gynceee'itm, the feimali puden'dum ; the 
 female organs of Generation, the female parts, 
 Lod mulie'bres, (F.) Yulve. A longitu.dinal 
 opening between the projecting parts of the ex- 
 ternal organs of generation iA the female, ex- 
 tending from the mons veneris to the perineum, 
 and which is called, also, Fosta magna. Some 
 
WLVAIRE 
 
 898 
 
 WATER 
 
 anatomists, mean, by this term, the whole of 
 the external genital organs of the female : — 
 mons veneris ; labia majora, and the cleft or 
 vestibule separating them; the clitoris; nym- 
 phae; meatus urinarius; entrance of the vagina; 
 vfith the hymen or the'carunculse myrtiformes, 
 fossa navicularis and fourchette. 
 
 Vulva, Fora'men commu'ni dnte'riua. Iter ad 
 infundib'ulu9/ij Iter ad ter'tium ventrie'tUuTri, 
 Hir^a ad in/Undib^'^ilumj . Apertu'ra ante'rior 
 Ventric'uH ter'tii cerebri. An openings situate 
 at the junction of the o^tic thalami, in the third 
 
 ventricle of the brain, and immediately beneath 
 the anterior crus of the fornix. 
 
 WLVAIRE, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 VULVAR, Vulva' risy from vulva. That 
 which relates to the vulva. Chaussier gives 
 this name to the external pudic arteries, be- 
 cause they are distributed to the vulva. 
 
 VULVARIA, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
 
 FZ7£F£, Vulva. 
 
 VULVI'TIS; a hybrid word, from vulva, 
 and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
 of the vulva. 
 
 VULVO-CTERINE CANAL, Vagina. 
 
 w. 
 
 WAD, Graphites. 
 
 WAHOO, see Euonymus. , ' 
 
 WAISr(JOA.T, STRAIT, Indu'eula, (F.) 
 Camis&le, Gilet de force. A dress, used for re- 
 straining maniacs, or those labouring under vi- 
 olent delirium. It has lopg sleeves, which are 
 tied-behind the body, so that the arms cannot 
 be extricated froni them. It ought, of course, 
 to be made of very resisting materials. 
 
 WAKE-ROBIN, Aurum maculatum, Trilli- 
 um latifolium. 
 
 WALE, Wheal. 
 
 WALKING, Gressus, Inces'sus, Deambula'- 
 tio, Ambula'tio, Badisis, (F.) La marche. The 
 action by whicb we change place, by means of 
 a succession of steps in the same, direction. In 
 walking forwards, the centre of gravity is con 
 stantly altered; arid a series of small, parabolic 
 curves is described on the heads of the thigh 
 bones, the extent of which is regulated by voli- 
 tion, under the guidance of vision. ■ 
 
 WALL A'CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 There are many excellent sulphureous springs 
 in this country, especially those at Bobotsch, 
 Finceschti, Sibitschiudi Suz, Br'asa, Otschin, 
 Serboneschte, Kimpalungi, Kosia, and Olo- 
 neschti. Chalybeate, and saline springs have 
 also been found at Sibitschiudi Suz.— Siller. 
 
 WALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus ch?iri. 
 
 WALLRUE, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
 
 WALNUT, Juglans, regia— w. White, Jug- 
 lans cinerea. ' 
 
 WALTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
 mineral spring near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester- 
 shire, England. It is an acidulous chalybeate. 
 
 WANT, from past participle of Sax., panian, 
 ' to wane ;' 'to fall away.' ' Need of that which 
 is necessary.' (F.) Besoin. This word is some- 
 times used to express the imperious necessity 
 which compels us to take -food, drink, &c. 
 (See Hunger and Thirst.) In a more general 
 sense, it means the impressions transmitted by 
 the organs to the brain, when it is necessary that 
 they should act : these wants are called instinct- 
 ive desires and internal sensations or stimuli. 
 Such are the desires or wants to eat, drink, void 
 the urine, breathe, (besoin de respirer,) &c., &c, 
 
 Want, in the sense of Indigence, (l..)Egestas. 
 Jndigen'tia, is the cause of a number of diseases. 
 
 WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE HEAD- 
 ACHE, Linimentum camphorae compositum — 
 w. White Drops, see Hydrargyri nitras . 
 
 WARM SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral 
 "Wftters of 
 
 WARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Ca- 
 nadensis. 
 WART, Verruca — w. Corneous, Cornu. 
 
 WASH, BLACKj see Hydrargyri submurias 
 — "w. Preventive, Lotion, Hannay'B^W; White, 
 Liquor- plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
 
 WASHERWOMAN'S SCALL, Psoriasis 
 diffusa. - ' 
 
 WASP, Vespa, Spkea, (F.) Guipe. A genus 
 of gregarious insects, like the bee and the ant. 
 They are armed with a sting, which pours a 
 poisonous fluid into tbe puncture made by it. 
 (See Poisons, Table of.) The best application 
 is the Sp. ammonias aromaticus, or some pre- 
 paration of ammonia. 
 
 WASSERBURG, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Wasserburg is a town of Bavaria, seated 
 on tbe Inn, 28 miles east of Munich. The 
 water, called i\&o, Aqua. Aga'tii, contains car- 
 bonic acid ; carbonates of lime and magnesia ; 
 sulphates of lime and magnesia ; chloride of 
 sodium, carbonate of soda and oxide of iron. 
 WASSERCUR, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 Water, Sax. pseter; Agua, Hydor, 'uiaiq. 
 Alma, (F,) Eau. Water was at one time re- 
 garded as a simple element. It is now; known 
 to consist of , eight parts by weight of oxygen, 
 and one of hydrogen. It freezes at 32°, and 
 boils at 212°, of Fahrenheit ; and is taken as the 
 unit in all tables of the specific gravity of solid 
 and liquid sul)stances. — Water, as we meiet 
 with it, is very different in its state of purity,; 
 generally, it contains small quantities of saline 
 matter;, at other times, as in sea water and mi- 
 neral waters, it is largely impregnated. The 
 characters of water, a? met with under ordinary 
 circumstances, are well compared by Celsus, 
 " Aqua levisiima jpluvialis est; deinde fonta^a, 
 turn eas fiumine, turn ex puteo: post hsec ex nive, 
 aut glacie ; grtjivior his ex laau, gravissiTna ex 
 palude." Pure water is one of the best diluents 
 that can be used. When cold, And especially when 
 iced, it is one of the most useful refrigerants; 
 and, in the form of the cold, tepid, and warm 
 bath, it is serviceable in numerous diseases^ 
 
 Water op Aix la ChapeIle, see Aix-la- 
 Chapelle — w. AUflower, Urine, cows' — w.Bar- 
 ley, Decoctum Hordei — w. Binelli, Aqua Bi- 
 nellii — w. of Bitter Almonds, Aqua Amygda- 
 larum concentrata — w. Brash, Pyrosis — w. 
 Brocchieri, Aqua Broccbierii — w. Camphor, 
 Mistura Camphorae — w. Canker, Cancer aqua- 
 ticus — w. Carui, strong, Spiritus carui — w. 
 Cinnamon, Aqua cinnamomi — w. Cinnamon, 
 strong, Spiritus cinnamomi — w. Cologne, Eau 
 de Cologne — w. Cure, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
 
 Water, Distil'led, Aqua destilla'ta, (F.) 
 Eau distilUe, Holy water, is generally ordered 
 in extemporaneous prescriptions, but is rarely 
 used. In some cases, however, it is absolutely 
 
WATEtl 
 
 899 
 
 WATER 
 
 necessary ; as water, containing any saline im- 
 pregnation — hard water, for example — decom- 
 poses Certain substances. Distilled water has 
 been recommended as a diet-drink in cancerous 
 affections ; and it is used in the religious cere- 
 monies of the -Catholic church. In the Pbar- 
 macopceia of the United States (IH42), it is di- 
 rected to be made as follows: — Take of Water, 
 ten gallons. First distil two pints, and throw 
 them away; then distil eight gallons. Keep 
 the distilled water in glass bottl'es. 
 
 Water-Doctok, see Uromantia— ^w. Epilep- 
 tic, of Langius, Langii aiqua epileptica — w. Fen- 
 nel, Aqua fceniculi— ^w. Flag, yellow. Iris 
 pseudacorus. 
 
 Water, Florida, — a celebrated perfume, 
 may be made' of 01. hergami f. §ivj Tinct. 
 benzoin, c. {. '^i] ; Alcokql. cong. ' 
 
 Water, Goulard, Liquor plumbi subaceta- 
 tis dilutus — w. Holy, Water, distilled^ — w. Ho- 
 ney, see Mel — w. in the Head, Hydrocephalus 
 — w. Hungary, Spiritus rosmairini — w. Jags, 
 see Varicella. 
 
 Watei)., Lake, Aqua ex lacu, (f.) Eau de 
 lac, is apt to be impure, from decayed animal 
 and vegetable matters. A great deal will, how- 
 ever, depend upon the magnitude of the collec- 
 tion, and the degree of stagnation. 
 ' Water, Laurel, see Prunus lauro-cerasus — 
 w. Lavender, Spiritus lava;ndulaB — w.'Lime, Li- 
 quor calcis-r-w. Lime, compound, Liquor calcis 
 compositus— w.Magnesia,carbonated,Magnesiai 
 fluid — w. Magnesia, aerated. Magnesia, fluid. 
 
 Water, Marsh, Agua paludo'sa, (F.) Eau 
 de Marais,\s the most impure of all. It is gene- 
 rally more stagnant, and of course moire loaded 
 with decomposing animal and yegetable matters. 
 Water, Mineral, Aquaminera'lis, A. salu'- 
 iris, A. inediaa'ta, Fons saluta'riit^, F.-fnedica'- 
 tusy F. sote'rius. Aqua soie'ria, (F.) Eau Ttiini- 
 rale. Water, holding in solution different saline 
 and gazeous substances in sufficient quantity to 
 be possessed of medicinal properties, or of a 
 temperature different from that of the ordinary 
 springs of the country. 
 
 Mineral waters may be divided into four 
 elas^es: — 1. Gazeoiis ox Addulaiis. 2. Chaly- 
 beate. Z.Saline, i. Sulphureous. Th.ese'Oia.y he 
 thermal, or cold, — natural, or artificial. Many 
 of these divisions, however, jun into each other; 
 some of the suhstances,which they hold dissolved, 
 belonging to one class as well as to another. 
 
 1. Ga'zeous,Acid'ulous or Car'bonated Min'- 
 eral 'Waters, Aquse minera'les acid'iilse, (,F.) 
 Eaux mi?ierales gazeuses ou acidules. The 
 waters referred to thi's class, are those that con- 
 tain carbonic acid gas in such quantity as to 
 communicate to it certain sensible qualities. 
 Waters impregnated with free carbonic acid, 
 sparkle when drawn from the spring, or when 
 poured into a glass. They have a sharp, acidu- 
 lous taste ; but become vapid from exposure to 
 the air. Along with the carbonic acid, there 
 are generally present portions of saline, earthy 
 or metallic matter, chiefly carbonates of lime, 
 magnesia, and iron. Waters, highly impreg- 
 nated with carbonic acid gas, are grateful to the 
 stomach ; increase the appetite, and are diuretic ; 
 hence, their utility in dyspepsia, hypochondria- 
 sis, and gout. Their properties are, of course, 
 modified by the saline matter that may be also 
 contained in them. The most celebrated amongst 
 the acidulous waters are those of Bar, Chatel- 
 don, St. Myon, Mont d'Or, Langeac, Seltzer, 
 
 Schlangenbad, Sultzmatt, Pyrmont, Spa, Carls- 
 bad, Cheltenham, Scarborough, Saratoga, Balle- 
 ton, and the Sweet Springs of Virginia. 
 
 2. Chalyb'eate or Ferrv! ginous Mineral Wa- 
 ters, Aquce -minera'les ferrugino'sce, A. Chaly- 
 hea'tcs, A. Martia'les, (F.) Eaux minerales 
 ferrugineuses, contain iron — sulphate, chloride 
 or carbonate, generally the latter — held in solu- 
 tion by an excess of acid. Chalybeate waters 
 have a peculiar styptic taste. They are trans- 
 parent when taken from the spring ; but, when 
 exposed for some lime to the air, a pell icle forma 
 on the surface, and a deposite of the iron takes 
 place. Chalybeate waters are used as tonics in 
 debility of all kinds ; in, all cases, in fact, where 
 iron is considered to be indicated. They are 
 the most numerous of all the classes of mineral 
 waters. In the present dictionary, those only are 
 specified which have some celebrity; yet there 
 are upwards of ninety ; vvhilst there are more 
 than sixty of the saline, and upwards of thirty- 
 five of the sulphureous. The most celebrated 
 chalybeates are those of Tunbridge, Scar- 
 borough, Spa,Bussang,Forges,Vichy, Pyrmont, 
 Passy, Provins, and Vals. 
 
 3. Saline Mineral Waters, Aqua minerales 
 ■saU'nts, Amna alcaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) (F.) 
 Eaux minerales salines. Waters, holding in 
 solution different saline substances in greater 
 quantity than the acidulous waters. They differ 
 in pro|)erties, according ,to the salts contained 
 in them. The salts usually present a^e sul- 
 phates, chlorides, and carbonates"; and the'basee, 
 with which the acids forming these are com- 
 bined, are soda, magnesia, and lime. Saline 
 mineral waters are usually aperient; and the 
 most noted are those of Seltzer, Sedlitz, Balar 
 rue, Bourbonne-les-Bains, Baiden, Epsom, Chel- 
 tenham, &c. 
 
 To this class may also be added Sea water. 
 
 4. Suljlhu'reous Mineral Waters, Aquse mine- 
 rales ■ sulfhu'rece; when warm, termed Theio- 
 thermm, Theotker'mse, Pontes sttlphti'rei cal'idi, 
 (F.) Eaiix minerales sulfur euses i _ Eaux sul- 
 furees, E. sulfureuses, E. hepatigues, &c. 
 These waters owe their distinguishing character 
 to an impregnation of sulphuretted hydrogen, 
 and are at once recognised by their peculiar 
 fetid smell, reSemhling ,that of rotten eggs. 
 They usually contain saline substances, which 
 modify their powers. From the action' of the 
 sulphuretted hydrogen, they are useful in cuta- 
 neous affections; and, from the combined action 
 of this and the saline matter, they are valuable 
 agents in diseases of the digestive organs. 
 They are also employed in cutaneous eruptions ; 
 and the warm sulphur baths have been espe- 
 cially celebrated in such cases, as well as in 
 rheumatic affections. The' most renowned sul- 
 phureous waters are those of Barfeges, Bagn^res- 
 de-Luchon, Cauterets, Bonnes, Aix in Savoy, 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, Enghien, Harrowgate, Moffat, , 
 Virginia Springs, &c. 
 
 Some springs, as those of Bath, Buxton, Dax, 
 Matlock, Warm and Hot Springs of Virginia, 
 &c., are almost pure Thermal Mineral Waters. 
 They are valuable agents in rheumatic affec- 
 tions; the warmth being equable during the 
 whole period the individual is immersed in 
 them; which cannot be the case in the artificial 
 thermal bath. 
 
 The following Table by Dr. Pereira exhibits 
 the composition of some of the principal mine- 
 ral waters. 
 
WATER, MINERAL 
 
 900 
 
 WATER, MINERAL 
 
 lb 
 S o 
 o a 
 
 va s 
 
 "S o 
 
 o a 
 *< i 
 
 
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 M 
 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 ro « 
 
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 c 
 
 
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 CO 
 
 
 
 
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 1.1 
 
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 1 
 
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 fa 
 
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 GO 
 
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 of phosphoric 
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 acid 12.99. 
 acide.Q. , 
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 orate of soda. 2 
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 Alumina, 
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 Alumina 
 
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 Free carb 
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 Phosphor 
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 Phillips,. 
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 Black, 17 
 Berlhier . 
 Black, 17 
 Carrick, '. 
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WATER 
 
 902 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASUKES 
 
 Water, Mineral, Acidulous water, simple. 
 
 Waters, Mineral, Artificial, (F.) Eauic 
 minerales artificielhs 6u factices. These are 
 imitations of the natural; and some of them— 
 as the factitious Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz 
 water — answer the purpose of the natural wa- 
 ter tolerably well. The acidulous and chaly- 
 beate -waters are, however,most easily imitated. 
 
 Water, Nutmeg, "Spiritus myristicae — w. 
 Parsnep, creeping, Siura — wl Pennyroyal, spi- 
 rituous, Spiritus pulegii — w. Peppermint, Aqua 
 menthaB piperitte — w. Qualm, Pyrosis. 
 
 Water, Rain, Aqua pluvia'hs, (F.) Eaii de 
 pluie, when collected at a distance from houses 
 or other elevated objects, is the purest natural 
 water, and has the least specific gravity.^ The 
 only bodies which it usually holds in solution, 
 are carbonic acid, and minute traces of carbo- 
 nate of lime and chloride of calcium. 
 
 Water, River; Aqua fluviat'ilis, is derived 
 from the conflux of numerous springs and rain 
 water. It is, generally, pretty pure. 
 
 Water, Rose, Aqua rosae. 
 
 Water, Sea, Aqua MlaH'na^ Hiipior Dor'^ 
 idis, (F.) Eau de Mer. This contains chlo- 
 rides of sodium, magnesiuni and calcium, and 
 sulphate of magnesia. It is cathartic and forms 
 the usual glyster at sea. It makes an excellent 
 tonic bath; superior in inost cases— especially 
 in scrofula — to the fresh water bath. 
 
 Water, Seydschutz, Sedlitz water. 
 
 Water, Snow, Aqua niva'ta, (F.) Eau de 
 neige, has usually been deemed unwholesome. 
 It exactly resembles rain water in composition, 
 and is equally salubrious. 
 
 Water, Soda, Acidulous water, simple — w. 
 Spearmint, Aqua menthae viridis. 
 
 Water, Spring, Aqua fonta'na, Uydrope'ge, 
 (F.) Eau de fontaine, contains,' in addition to 
 the substances detected in rain water, more or 
 less sulphate of lime. When this is to such an 
 extent as to curdle soap, the water is said to be 
 hard; if not, so/*. Hard water is, of course, 
 inferior.to soft, for domestic and medicinal pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Water, Styptic, Sydenham's solutio sul- 
 phatis cupri composita — w. Tar, see Pinus syl- 
 vestris. 
 
 Water, Well, Aqua putea'Hs, (F.) Eau de' 
 puit, Eau de source, is the same as spring wa- 
 ter, byt liable ' to impregnation,- owing to the 
 land springs filtering into the wells, and con- 
 veying impurities into them. 
 
 Waters, Distilled, Aquae destillatse — ^w. 
 Discharged or broken, Profusio aquas — w. First, 
 PrimitisE. 
 
 WATTWEILER, MINERAL WATERS 
 OF. Wattweiler is a small town in the depart- 
 ment of Haut-Rhin, at the foot of the Vosges. 
 The waters' are acidulous chalybeates, and con- 
 tain carbonates of iron,, lime, and soda; chloride 
 of sodium, and free carbonic acid. 
 
 WAX, MYRTLE. A wax obtained from 
 the fruit of Myri'ca cerif'era. It has been pre- 
 Bcribed in dysentery. 
 
 Wax, Yellow and White, Cera flava et alba. 
 
 WAXING KERNELS, Creseen'tia, (F.) 
 Croissances, Croiftsants^Glandes de croissance. 
 A popular term for small tumours, formed by 
 an enlargement of the lymphatic glands — in the 
 groins of children particularly. They have 
 been looked upon as connected with the growth 
 of the body, — hence their name. 
 
 WAY, Sa.xon pas, Via, Passage, Odos, (F.) 
 Voie. A napie given to different canals. 
 
 WAYS, DIGESTIVE, Digestive Pas'sagea, 
 Prima Via, (F.) Voies digestive^, Premidres 
 voies, are the' series of hollow organs of diges- 
 tion, composed of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, 
 and small and large intestines. The term is 
 ' often restricted to the first three of these. 
 
 Ways, Second, Secohd Passages, Secun'dai 
 «ias, (F.) Secondes voies, comprise the chylifa- 
 rous, lymphatic and- blood vessels. 
 
 WEAKSIGHTEDNESS, Asthenopia. 
 
 WEAL, Wheal. 
 
 WEANING, from Saxon Penan, 'to wean;' 
 Abldcta'tio, Apogalactis'inus, ( F..) Sevrage* 
 The act of depriving the infant,, permaneirtljf, 
 of the breast, in order to feed it on other and 
 more solid nourishment.' 
 
 Weaning Brash, see Brash, Weaning. 
 
 WEATHF^RCOCKS, Impatiens. 
 
 WEB, MUSCULAR, Panniculus camosug. 
 
 WEB-EYE, Caligo. 
 
 WEDGED, (D.) wegghe; Inelu'sus, Jn- 
 hx'rens, (F.yEnclavee. The head of the foetus 
 is said to be wedged in the pelvis,- when it re- 
 mains fixed notwithstanding the uterine efforts. 
 
 The condition is called Incunea'tio seu In- 
 clava'tio fcetus, Spheno'sis, Inhcsrens, (F.) En- 
 clavement. See Patagomphosis. 
 
 WEED IN THE -BREAST, Mastodynia 
 apostematosa — w. Dyer's, Reseda toeola — w. 
 Field, Anthemis cotula— w. Horsefly, Sophora 
 tinctoria^w.- Milk, Apocynum androstemifo- 
 lium — w. Soldiers', Matico — w. Silver, Poten- 
 tilla anserina. 
 
 WEEPING, Fletus, 
 
 WEIGHT, from Saxon psejan, ' to weigh;' 
 (F.) Pisanteur. A sensation of heaviness or 
 pressure over the whole body, or, over a part, 
 — the stomach or head for example. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera 
 et Mensu'rce, (F.) Poids et Mesures. The im- 
 portanae of possessing a uniform system of 
 weights and measures has impressed the scien- 
 tific of all countries, and numeTous endeavours 
 have been made to accom.plish the object. It 
 is, however, a matter of considerable difficulty, 
 arid one not likely to be attained. The new 
 French measures are upon decidedly the best 
 footing, but they are not adopted out of France. 
 The greatest diversity prevails over Europe in 
 the measures both of weight and capacity. 
 Some of the following tables will show, that 
 every subdivision of the pound, as well as the 
 pound itself, differs in England and in France. 
 
 WEIGHTS. 
 Troy Weight, as used by the British Apothe- 
 caries. — P^ndus pharijiaceu'ticwm seu medi- 
 cina'le. 
 
 ■contains- 
 
 12 ounces. 
 
 8 drachms. 
 
 3 scruples. 
 SO grains. 
 
 The pound 1 
 The ounce \ 
 The drachm g 
 The scruple Q 
 TEle grain gr. 
 
 These, and the signs by which they are de- 
 noted, are the same in all the British Pharma- 
 copffiias, as well as in the American. 
 
 lb. 
 
 Oz. 
 
 Dr'ma. ' 
 
 Sr.rup. 
 
 Grs- 
 
 1 = 
 
 = la 
 
 = 96 = 
 
 288 = 
 
 5760 
 
 
 1 
 
 = 8 = 
 
 24 = 
 
 480 
 
 
 
 1 = 
 
 3 = 
 1 = 
 
 60 
 20 
 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 903 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 Poids de Marc. 
 
 The po^nd 1 
 
 The ounce I 
 
 The drachm > contains 
 
 The scruple I 
 
 The gram J ^ 
 
 Avoirdwpais. 
 
 Found. Ounces. Drachms 
 
 lb. 1 = 16 = 356 
 
 1 
 
 ' 16 ounces. 
 8 drachms, 
 3 Bcruples. 
 
 S4 grains. 
 
 16 = 
 
 Troy grains. 
 
 7000 
 
 •4375 
 
 1 = 27,34375 
 
 The avoirdupois drachm is sometimes divided 
 into three scruples, and the scruple into ten 
 grains. The pound of 7680 grains avoirdupois 
 = 7000 grains troy, apd hence 1 grain troy = 
 
 ,0&7 grain avoirdupois. 
 
 The Poids de Marc is that employed by the 
 French Pharmaciens, when the new weights 
 are not. 
 
 The following Tables exhibit the relative 
 value of the old French and English weights. 
 
 Poids de Marc. Troy WU Avoird. Troy grs. 
 
 1 pd. lUme) = 1.31268i6 =1.080143(6 =7.561 
 1 DZ. [op".) = .984504OZ =1.08014301= 472.5625 
 1 dr. igros.) = 
 1 gr. = 
 
 TrOy. 
 
 1 pound. = 
 1 ounce. = 
 1 drachm. = 
 1 grain. 
 Avoirdupois. 
 1 pound = 
 1 ounce = 
 To convert French grains into Troy 1 
 grains, divide by ( 
 
 Troy grains into French! 
 
 grains multiply by ; 
 
 French ounces into Troy 1 
 
 ounces, divide by f 
 
 Troy ounces into French i 
 
 ounces, multiply by J 
 To convert Fiench pounds (poids'] 
 
 de marc) into Troy 1 
 
 pounds, multiply by. ^ 
 Troy pounds into French 1 
 
 pounds, divide by J 
 
 Poids de More or 
 
 .954504* = 
 
 59.0703125 
 .820421 
 
 Folds de Marc. 
 0.76180 Ih. = 
 1.01574 once = 
 1.01574 pros = 
 
 French grains. 
 7561 
 585.083 
 73.135 
 1.219 
 
 Poids de Marc. 
 0.925803 a,. = 
 0.925803 once. = 
 
 French grains. 
 8S32.3 
 533.27 
 
 1.2189 
 
 1.015734 
 
 1.31268 
 
 Troy grain. 
 I 
 
 2. 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 French grain. 
 
 1 s 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 S 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 French grain. 
 1.219 
 2.438 
 3.657 
 4.876 
 6.095 
 7.314 
 8.533 
 9.753 
 10.972 
 Troy grain. 
 0.8233 
 1.6406 
 2.4609 
 3.2812 
 4.1015 
 4.9218 
 5.7421 
 6.5624 
 7.3827 ■ 
 
 New French Decimal Weights. 
 
 Milligramme 
 
 Centigramme 
 
 Decigramme 
 
 Gramme 
 
 Decagramme 
 
 Hectogramme 
 
 Kilogramme 
 
 Myriagramme 
 
 Florence 
 Genua 
 Geneva 
 Hamburg 
 Ijisbon 
 , London 
 Madrid 
 Milan 
 Monaco 
 Naples 
 Pans 
 Rcnne- 
 Stockholm 
 United .States 
 Warsaw 
 Venice 
 Yieuna 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 IS 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 9 
 
 15 
 Q 10 
 
 1 00 
 11 
 13 
 
 51) divided into IS oz, 
 do. 
 
 12 
 10 
 8 6 00 
 
 divided into 13 oz. 
 
 divided into 12 ok. 
 
 divided into 16 o». 
 
 do. into 12 oz. 
 
 divided into 12 oz. 
 
 MEASURES OF CAPAOITT.. 
 
 English Measure of Fluids. 
 The gallon (congius) 1 ( 8 pints, 
 
 The yin( (octariMs) ' U | j„ 
 
 Thefiuidounce f. .^ -^contains ■; 8 (iuidraclims. 
 
 16 fluidounces. 
 
 l!he fiuidrachm t. ^ j I 60 minims. 
 
 The minim ^ J >< ' 
 
 Proportions of the Apothecaries and Wine 
 
 Galloii. 
 Gal. Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. Cub. inches. 
 1 = ' 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 = 231 
 
 1 = 16 = 128 = 7680 = 28i875 
 1 = , 8 = 480 = ■ 1.8047 
 1 = 60 = .2256 
 Imperial Measure, c^dopted by the fyndon Col- 
 lege in their Pharmacopmia of 1 836. 
 Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 
 1=8= 160 = 1280 = 76800 
 1 = 20 = 160 = 9600 
 ■' 1 = .8 = 480 
 
 1 • = 60 , 
 
 Comparative Value of the Proportions of the 
 Win^e and Imperial Gallons, . 
 
 Wine. 
 
 1 gallon 
 
 1 pint ^ 
 
 1 rtuidounce == 
 
 1 iluidrachm = 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Pints. 
 = 6 
 
 Imperial. 
 
 Fluidoz. Fluidr. 
 
 13 2 
 
 16 , 5 
 
 1 ' 
 
 1 
 
 Wine. 
 
 Minims. 
 23 
 18 
 20 
 
 2i, 
 
 I gallon 
 1 pint = 
 
 1 fluidouhce = 
 1 fluidrachm =~ 
 
 Gallon. Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. 
 
 
 1, 
 1 
 
 41 
 58 
 
 French Measures of Capacity. 
 
 Eiiglish^ubic inches. , Wine measure. 
 =: .0610^8 =: 16.2318 minims. 
 
 Troy grains. 
 .0154 
 .1544 
 1.5444 
 
 15.4440 lb. oz.' dr. gr. 
 154.4402 = 002 34.4 
 1544.402,5 = 031 44.4 
 15444.0234 = 2 8 1 24 
 154440.2344 =26 9 6 
 
 Comparative Value of the French Medicinal 
 Pound and that of other Places. 
 
 Sermany 
 
 Amsterdam 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Berne 
 
 Oopeuhagen 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 15 4 48 
 
 1 OO 42 
 1 00 42 
 1 00 00 
 IS 3 30f 
 
 .610280 
 : " 6.102800 
 : 61.028000 
 
 : 610.280000 
 : 6102.800000 
 : 611128.000000 
 ■ 610280.000000 
 
 2.7053 fluidrachms; 
 3.3816 fluidounces. 
 2.1135 pints. 
 2.6419 gallons. 
 
 Millilitre 
 
 Centilitre 
 
 Decilitre 
 „ Litre 
 
 Decalitre 
 
 Hectolitre 
 
 Kilolitre 
 
 Myrialitre 
 
 Approxitriate comparison between the ancient 
 French Measures of Capacity, and the new, 
 and conversely. 
 
 Grammes. Litres, Decilitres, Centilitres. 
 
 \pois3Gn = 125 or 1 2 
 
 1 demi-setier = 250 or 2 5 
 
 1 chopine = 500 or 5 
 
 1 pinte = 1000 or 1 
 
 Grammes, lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 I cenlilitre^=i 10 or 2J 00 
 
 lderiihre= 100 or 1 3 2 00. 
 
 1 litre =1000, or 2 3 36= 2.1)3 E. w. pts. 
 
 Inches. 
 Measures of Length. 
 
 1 line, the 12th part of an inch. 
 
 3 barley, corns 
 
 A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture measure) 
 
 A liand (horse measiiie) 
 
 A span (Scripture measure) 
 
 Afoot 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for common pur- 
 poses) 
 
 A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred pur- 
 poses) 
 
 A Flemish ell 
 
 A yard 
 
 An English ell 
 
 A fathom or toiac 
 
 
 1.000 
 
 
 3.648 
 
 
 4.000 
 
 
 10.944 
 
 
 12.000 
 
 
 18.000 
 
 
 21.888 
 
 
 27.000 
 
 3 ft 
 
 00 
 
 3 " 
 
 09 
 
 6 " 
 
 00 
 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 904 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 
 
 New French Measures of Length. 
 Bngtish inches. 
 Millimetre 0.039 
 
 Centimitre 0.393 
 
 DecimHre 3.937 yd. ft. inch- 
 
 Mitre 39.371 = 1 3.37 
 
 VALUES OF THE GSEEOlAN, EOMAN, ANDAEABIAli 
 WEIGHTS. AND MEASURES IN POIDS DE MARC. 
 
 1. Weights of the Ancient Greeks. 
 lbs. oz. dfi 
 
 The talent 
 The mina 
 The drachm 
 "The oholus 
 The ceraiiora 
 The chalciLS 
 The septan 
 
 14 
 
 3. Weights of the Ancient Romans, 
 
 o», dr. gr. 
 
 The pound (litra) lo a 48 
 
 The ounce {uncia) 7 IS 
 
 The duella ' 2 29 
 
 The sicilicu^ \ 1 58 
 
 The sextula- 1 14 
 
 The consular denier, denarius 1 3 
 
 The imperial denier or dradtm, drachma 65 
 
 The vtceoriofus ^ 37 
 
 The scriptulum or scruple 2] 
 
 Thooioiai 1 ]1 
 
 The siliqua 4 
 
 " The Greeks divided their obohis into ehctlei 
 and lepta ; some divided it into 6"' ehalci, and 
 each chalcus into 7 lepta ; others into 8 ehalci, 
 and every chalcus into 8 lepta or minutd. 
 
 Dr. Milligan, in his edition of Celsus, gives the follovfing tahle, exhibiting the Troy weigit of 
 measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans. 
 
 Urna. Libra. Uncia. Denarius. Scrupulua. Sextans. Chalcus. Grana. 
 
 Amphora, =2 
 
 Urna, 
 Congius, 
 Sextarius, 
 Libra, 
 Hemina, 
 yXcetabuIum, 
 Sesqui-cyatbus, 
 Cyaihus, 
 -Ses(^uncia, 
 Uncia, 
 Cochleare, 
 Drachma,. 
 Denarius, 
 Scrupulus, 
 S'crupulus dimidiatus, 
 
 ObolUB, 
 
 E^extans, 
 Chalcus, 
 
 «0 
 40 
 
 ao 
 
 12-3 
 
 1 
 
 =960 
 =480 
 —120 
 20 
 
 12 
 
 84.7 ' 
 21-7 
 21-7 
 13-7 
 ]J 
 1 
 
 =6720 
 
 .=3360 
 
 «= 840 
 
 = 140 
 
 = 84 
 
 = 60 
 
 = 15 
 
 = 15 
 
 — 10 
 
 = lOi 
 
 = 7 
 
 3i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 =50160 
 -=10080 
 = 2540 
 -= 420 
 = 252 
 = 180 
 = 45 
 = 45 
 = 30 
 
 = 3rj 
 
 -= 21 
 -= 7i 
 -= 3 
 = 3 
 I 
 i 
 
 . 40320 
 
 : 26160 
 
 -- 5040 
 
 840 
 
 ■■ 504 
 
 ' 350 
 
 90 
 
 90 
 
 60 
 
 63 
 
 42 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 =403200 
 =210600 
 *= 50400 
 = 8400 
 = 5040 
 = 3600 
 =F 900 
 = 900 
 = 600 - 
 = 630 ' 
 =f= 420 ■■ 
 = 150 ' 
 -= 60 ' 
 = 60 ' 
 = 30 • 
 = 10 ' 
 = lO ' 
 = 1 10 ' 
 
 = , 1 ^ 
 
 =420480 
 =210240 
 = 52920 
 = . 8760 
 = 5256 
 = 3759 
 939 
 
 939 
 
 626 
 
 657 
 
 438 
 
 156 
 624-7 
 624-7 
 20 2-3 
 101-3 
 101-3 
 10 J. 3 
 11-30 
 
 He gives also the following ' Carmen Mne- 
 monicum,' which exhibits the analogies of the 
 Roman and British imperial weights, 
 SEo tlie conulus anli flallon, eacj, ten pounBs al= 
 
 loto, 
 ©It tile fiusdel airti amjiljora efallts iiestoto ; 
 Saome's fouitij, as in STcoj toerglit, ttoelbe ounccB 
 
 ofitafitS) 
 SSutiier ounce fs Stioit'Bujiofs.Btrfctlj.tngrafns: 
 3Beiwtif Slants, saujiles sccupli fteffne, 
 St):t:iri'us anstoecs to our bottle of tofne, 
 SnTJ tje mna's a sjoi;! pint— fourteen ounces tn 
 
 fine. 
 
 3. Weights said to he of the Arabians, Modern 
 Greeks, and Latins of the barbaro'us periods 
 of the Middle Ages. 
 
 oz. dr. gr. 
 The alehemian 
 The manes or aminos 
 Sacros, augbhen, adar, assatil 
 The great or royal nut 
 The stxtarius, stater i 
 
 The lesser nut 
 jSlinvanvs 
 Aureus, Alcaholus 
 The liaiel nut, bkndacate, hoZca, alchi, darchi- 
 
 mit atoirochilos, ologinat, nabuch 
 The acorn, lupine, Egyptian or Syrian bean, 
 
 the bachil 
 The Alexandria bean or tremessis 
 'I'hs Greek bean or gramme, the Icermet, 
 
 gonum, harmi, gracckus 
 The ring, cumulus, seminet, onalosich, ono- 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 3H 
 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 
 3 
 
 44 
 
 
 2 
 
 .•iO 
 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 42 
 30 
 
 The danich ^ 
 
 The kirat, alkilat, Icararit. 
 
 1. Gree^ Measures, 
 
 The metretes 
 
 The chus, c/ioa, tongiua ' 
 
 The xpstBB 
 
 The cotyla 
 
 The tetrarton 
 
 The oxjfbaphon 
 
 lbs. 
 
 oz 
 
 dr. 
 
 Sr- 
 
 H4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 66 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 44 
 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 .58 
 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 65 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 69 
 
 The cyathos 
 The concha 
 The mMstron 
 The chama minor 
 The cochlearion 
 
 2. Roman 
 
 The amphora or cadus 
 
 The urna 
 
 The congius 
 
 The sextarius 
 
 The hemina 
 
 The quartarius 
 
 The acetabulum 
 
 The cyathus or small glass 
 
 The ligula or spoonful 
 
 1 4 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 3 00 
 
 2 00 
 
 1 00 
 of Capacity. 
 
 IbB.oz. dr. gr. 
 
 53 2 
 
 23 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 4 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3' 48 
 6(! 
 
 Z, Measures said to he of the Arabian, Arabist, 
 and Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages. 
 
 The missohaos weighed 3 
 
 ,dbcn, kirt, ejub, eberia, or Roman mina 1 
 
 The phial, ha;§iliu8, or hassitinus 
 
 The calix or njelali 
 
 The handftd^ pugillum, comusum 
 
 The hassvf, aesasse, or anesime 
 
 The conos or coatus, alcantus or almunesi, 
 
 briale cuabus 
 The lesser bachates 
 The largest spoonful 
 A spoonful 
 
 The colanos or reclanarium 
 A small spoonful ot jlagerina, or cyanes 
 The smallest spoonful or fahaliel 
 
 lbs. oz. dr. gr. 
 
 33 
 
 00 
 
 18 
 44 
 68 
 20 
 
 34 
 
 56 
 44 
 52 
 28 
 11 
 42 
 
 Besides the weights and measures above 
 mentioned, employed by the moderns, there 
 are modes erf estimating the quantities of sub- 
 stances by approximation. For example :^ 
 A glassful or cupful, ((F.) Verre,) is rec- 
 koned to contain 4 or 5 fluidounces. 
 A wine-glassful, IJ ounce or two ounces. 
 A table-spoonful, ((F.) Cuiller d bouche) about 
 
 half an ounce. 
 A coffee or dessert-spoonful, about 3 drachms. 
 A tea-spoonful, a fluidrachm. 
 
WELD 
 
 905 
 
 WINE 
 
 Akapdful.,m!inijinlus,((F.)Foignee,)a.smach 
 
 as can 1)6 held in the hand. 
 The Fugillus is as much as can be held by the 
 three fingers. {(F.) Pincee.) 
 These last quantities are occasionally pre- 
 scribed by the French practitioners. Their 
 weights must, of course, v^ry, according to the 
 article. The authors of the Parisian codex 
 liave valued them, as regards certain substances. 
 
 French 
 oz. dr. 
 A JUanipulas of barley weigba 3 aj 
 
 " 'linseed " 1 4 
 
 " linseed meal 3 3 
 
 '* dried mallow leaved ] 3 
 
 " dried chicory leaves ■ ] 
 
 flowers of tte tilia '1 2J 
 
 dr. «cr. gr. 
 A PugillUs of chamDmlle <Jowers weighs 2 ^ 
 
 "' arnica ' ' 12' 
 
 " marsh-mallow 1 1 
 
 " mallow 60 
 
 *' fennel seeds ■ 1 60 
 
 *' aniseed ' ' 1 i 
 
 A ken's egg, faeVly laid, weighs about 2 
 ounces and 2 drcfchrns : when deprived of its 
 shell, a ounces. The white weighs 1 ounce^ 2 
 dradims, and , 57 grains : the yoti, 5 drachms 
 and 15 grains. 
 
 WELD, Reseda luteola. 
 WELK, Acne. 
 
 WEMDING, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 These waters, are situate about four leagues 
 from Donawert in Bavaria. They contain sul- 
 phuretted hydrogen; carbonates of lime, mag- 
 nesia, and soda.; sulphates of lime and magne- 
 sia; -a little chloride of calcium, and oxide of 
 iron ; ^and are much used in -asthenic diseases. 
 
 WENj Sax. jien,Lu'pia, Tumour, (Y.y.Loifp. 
 A name' given to circumscribed, indolent tu- 
 mours, without inflammation or change of co- 
 lour of the skin. They may be met with in 
 almost every part of the body. Their magni- 
 tude, as' well as nature, is very variable.". The 
 term is sometimes given to an encysted tumour, 
 and to brbnchocele. 
 WESTERN ISLANDS, Azores. 
 WEST INDIES, (CLIMATE OF.) The 
 climate of the West Indies has long been re- 
 garded as favourable to the consumptive. In 
 confirmed ' consumption, it appears,, however, 
 to be positively iiijurious. As a prophylactic 
 for those predisposed to- consumption, it js ge- 
 nerally favourable. The nature of the patient's 
 constitution, in regard to theefiects of elevated 
 teiriperature, has alwaiys to be taken into ac- 
 count. In diseases, that are benefited by warm 
 climates, the West Indies afford an appropriate 
 residence. The islands in which the invalid 
 can best obtain all the advantages of the cljmate, 
 are Jamaica, Barbadoes, St. Vincents, Antigua, 
 St. Kitts, and Santa Cruz. 
 WHAHOO, see Euonymus. 
 WHEAL, Weal, Wiile. A ridge, or elevation 
 of the skin, produced by a rod or whip; or like 
 that produced in this manner. Such elevations 
 are seen in urticaria. 
 
 WHEAT, Triticum — w. Indian, Zea mays — 
 w. Turkey, Zea mays. 
 
 WHELK, Acne— w. Chin, Sycosis — w.Rosy, 
 Gutta rosea. 
 
 WHEY, SerUm lactis — w. Rennet, see Se- 
 rum lactis — w. Tamarind, see Tamarindus. 
 
 WHISKY, see Spirit. A spirituous liquor 
 obtained from oats, potatoes, &c., by distillation. 
 Whisky Livee, Liver, nutmeg. 
 WHISTLING, Sifflement. 
 58 
 
 WHITE, Flake, Plumbi subcarbonas — W. 
 Ball, Cephalanthus occidentalis — w. Leaf, Py- 
 rola maculata, Spira3a toihentosa — w. Leg, 
 Phlegmatia dolens— w. Matter of the- brain, 
 see Cerebrum — w. Root, Asclepias tuberosa — 
 w. Spanish, Bismuth, subnitrate' of^w. Swell- 
 ing, Hydrarthrus^-w.. Swelling of lying-in wo- 
 men, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Sulphur, see Vir- 
 ginia, inineral Waters of — w. Weed, Chrysan- 
 themum leucanthemum^— w. Wood, Lirioden- 
 dron, Tilia^ , 
 
 WHITENESS OF COMPLEXION, Pale- 
 
 WHITES, THE, Leucorrhcea. 
 
 WHITLOW, Paronychia. , 
 
 WHOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis. 
 
 WHORLYWORT, Leptandria purpurea. 
 
 WHORTLEBERRY,, Vaccinium' myrtilks, 
 Yaccinium vilis idaea— w. Bears', Arbutus uva 
 Ursi. 
 
 WHORTS, BLACK, Vaccinium myrtillns. 
 
 WipOW-WAIL, Cneoruit tricoccum. Daph- 
 ne Alpina. ' ■ , , 
 
 WIESBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
 see Wisbaden. 
 
 WIESSAU, MINERAL WATERS OF- 
 These waters ate situate about' four, leagues 
 from the convent of Waldsassen in ' Bavaria^ 
 They contain carbonic acid;- carbonates of 
 lime and magnesia; chlorides of cjvlcium, mag- 
 nesium, and aluminum; carbonate of soda, and 
 much oxide of iron. The Bavarians consider 
 them to resemble the -waters of Pyrmont. 
 
 WILD, Sax ptlo, (D.) W i Id. An epithet 
 given to the countenance, when not in harmony 
 vvith the condition of the individual, and indi- 
 cating, stropg, mental emotion;— a' wild .looJs, 
 (F.) PhysioTioTnie egaree* 
 
 WILDUNGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
 Wildungen is situate a few miles from Cassel 
 id Germany'. In its neighbourhood are several 
 mineral springs; the chief of which, accotding 
 to Stupke, contain, a bituminous matter; chlo- 
 ride of sodium and . sulphate of soda; carbonate 
 and sulphate of lime, &c. They are used, 
 chiefly, as refrigerants. 
 
 WILL, 'Voluntas. 
 
 WILLOW, Salix— vy. Herb, common, Lyth- 
 ruin salicaria — w.. Herb, purple, Lythrum sali- 
 caria^w. Red, Cornus sericea — w. Rose, Cor- 
 nus sericea — w. Sweet, Myrica gale. 
 
 WIND, Sax. Pino, Ventns, An'emos, (F.) 
 Vent. Winds exert considerable influence on 
 the animal economy; acting by their tempera- 
 ture, which necessarily modifies that, of the cir- 
 cumambient air, as well as by their moisture or 
 dry ness, and by the emanations of d ifferentkinds, 
 whichthey transport to'grea|:er or less.distances. 
 The winds which bloW over a considerable ex- 
 tent of country, are dry and serene: those which 
 come from the ocean, are moist and. chilly. 
 
 Wind Dropsy, Emphysema — w. Flower, 
 Anemone — w- Pipe, Trachea — w. Root, Ascle- 
 pias tuberosa. 
 
 WINDY, Flatwlen'tus, Flat'ulent, (F.) Ven- 
 teux. That which causes wind or flatulence ; 
 also, that which is caused by wind or, flatu- 
 lence; zs windy food, windy colic, he. Also, 
 one affected with flatulence, or who is ' troubled 
 with the wind.' 
 
 WINE, Sax. Pin, (G.) We in, originally, 
 perhaps, from orvos, (Enos, Viniim, (F.) Vin. 
 A name given by chymists to all liquors that 
 
WINE 
 
 906 
 
 WINE 
 
 have become spirituous By fermentation. The 
 term is generally, however, restricted to the 
 fermented juice of the grape, or of fruits, the 
 product of VPhose fermentation resembles, in 
 almost all respects, that of the juice of the 
 grape. Wine is composed of alcohol; sac- 
 charine matter; malic acid; tartaric acid; 
 hitartrate of potass ; acetic acid ; an extract 
 tive colouring matter, more or less bitter, 
 and partly resinous ; and sometimes of 'an airo- 
 matic substance. The extractive colouring mat- 
 ter is chieiy met with in red wines. All these 
 constituents, except the aleohcl, are found ready 
 formed in the grape. The alcoTiol proceeds from 
 the decbmpositidn of the saccharih9 matter. 
 A part of the acetic acid is -also formed during 
 fermentation. 
 
 The following Table, d^awn up by Mr. 
 Brande, exhibits the qtantity of spirit in differ- 
 ent kinds of wine and liquors. , It is proper, 
 however, to remark, that ' many flf these wines 
 are prepared for the London market, and are 
 more brandied or " reinforced," than the same 
 varieties sold in the United States. This is 
 strikingly the case 'with. port. Dr. Henderson,, 
 too, has remarked, that some of the wines ana- 
 lyzed by Mr. Bfand«-were mixed with a con- 
 siderable quantity of adventitious,alc<}hol. Dr. 
 Henderson's additions and corrections have the 
 letter H. affixed.' 
 Proportion op Alcohol, s.. o. 0.825, tn one hondrbd 
 
 parts by measure of the following wlhe9, add' 
 
 ^Mait and Spiritoods LiftuoRg; 
 
 l.'Lissa S6.47 
 
 Do ." ; ,. ,....24.35 
 
 ' - Average, raj 25.41 
 
 2. Eaisin Wine 26.40 
 
 Do ; 25.W 
 
 Do. ;... 23.20 
 
 Average, 25.12 
 
 3. Marsala.. 26X)3 
 
 Do 25.05 
 
 Aveiiige;CiJ 25.09 
 
 4. Port— average of six kinds..... '.,... ..^ 23.48 
 
 Do.— highest :..... 25.83 
 
 Do.— lowest 21.40 
 
 5. Madeira,. 24.42 
 
 Do S3.93 
 
 Do. (Serciai) , ,.. , ^1.45 
 
 Do ,.., 19.24 
 
 Average," 22.27 
 
 6. Currant Wine ■ 20.55 
 
 ■ 7. Sherry '. 19.81 
 
 Do '- i ' 19.83 
 
 Do 18.79 
 
 Do .:... 18.25 
 
 Average, 19.17 
 
 8. Teneriffe ',...„ lU.'7n 
 
 9. Colares .'....., ra.75 
 
 10. Lacryma Christi , . .. , i9.70 
 
 11. Conslantia- white-j .'. \l 19.75 
 
 red , ..(cj 18.92 
 
 12. Lisbon , ]'8.94 
 
 13. Malaga.'... i 18.94 
 
 14. Bucellas 18.49 
 
 15. lied Madeira 22.30 
 
 Do 18.40 
 
 Average, 20.^5 
 
 16. Cape Muscat ,... IP.'JS 
 
 17. Cape Madeira ; 92.94 
 
 Do : 20.50 
 
 Do ,. ■ 18.11 
 
 Average, 20.51 
 
 18. Grape Wine ' 18.11 
 
 19. Calcavella.. ■ .: 19.20 
 
 Do 1 ; J... 18.10 
 
 Average, 18.G5 
 
 20. Vidonia 19.25 
 
 21. Alba Flora ; 17.21) 
 
 2->. Malaga 17.26 
 
 23. White Hermitage 17.43 
 
 24. Roussillon J9.00 
 
 Co 17.26 
 
 Average, 18.13 
 
 25. Claret 17.ii 
 
 Do ;.. 16.33 
 
 (aj 16.90 H. C!>J 18.40 H. (cj 14.50 H. 
 
 Do 14.08 
 
 Do . 12.91 
 
 Aveiaige/dJ 15.10 
 
 26. Malmsef lUadeira 16.40 
 
 27. Lunel 15.52 
 
 S!8. S6heraaz.. ,...: 15.52 
 
 «9. Syracuse. 15.28 
 
 30. Sauterne ,..;... 14.22 
 
 31. Burgundy.;. ........' '.... i^.m 
 
 Do. :........^...„ 15.22 
 
 Do .J4.53 
 
 Do , ll.iJS 
 
 Average, 14.57 
 
 32. Hock .., 14.37 
 
 Do 13.00 
 
 Do. (old in cask) j ...... 8.88 
 
 ^ - Averag(i,' 12.08 
 
 , Endesheimer (1811) H. 10.52 
 
 Do ...(1800) H. 12.S:i 
 
 J '^Average, H. 11.47 
 Johannisbergcr , H. 8.71 
 
 33. Nice '14.63 
 
 34. Barsac 13.S8 
 
 35. Tent 13.30 
 
 3p. Champagne (still)... 13.80 
 
 Do,. J.. (sparkling) ,12.80 
 
 Do (red) .:.., 12-56 
 
 Do :.-.; 11.30 
 
 ( - Average, 12.61 
 
 37. Eed Hermitage „ 12J2 
 
 3ft Viude Grave.... I , 13.64 
 
 Do. : , 12.80 
 
 ■ - Average, 13.37 
 
 39. Prontignac 12.79 
 
 40. cate Eotie.. ;.... ..r...... 12.32 
 
 41. Gooseberry Wine ,...l ..,,.. 11.84 
 
 42. Orange VVine- average otsix samples Ihade by 
 aLgndon manufacturSr , 1126 
 
 43. Tokay 9.88 
 
 44...,t;ider Wine , 9.87 
 
 45. ihenish Wine...i ;., H. 8.71 
 
 46. Cider— .highest awrage. ....r 5.87 
 
 lowest .' .;, 5.21 
 
 47. Perry— average of four samples..' 7,26 
 
 48. Mead. ; .; 7.32 
 
 49. Ale (Burton)..... 8.88 
 
 Do. (Edinburgh).... , 6.20 
 
 Do. (Dorchester)..... 5.56 
 
 Average, 6.87 
 
 50. Brown Stout 6.80 
 
 51. London1*0rter— average - : ; 4.'.iO 
 
 Do Sinall Beer— average 1-28 
 
 52. Brandy. ■„....:... 53.S9 
 
 53. Eum... 53.68 
 
 64. Giij..., , 51.60 
 
 55. Scotch Whiskey 54.32 
 
 56. Irish., ....do .; 53.90 
 
 (dj 12.91 H. 
 
 The only wine recommended in some phar- 
 macopoeias .is Sherry, Vinum, Vinum album 
 Hispan'icum, Leuca'nus. It is a dry ipine ; the 
 least variable in its propefrties, ajid agrees best 
 with the dyspeptic. Other wines used offici- 
 nally sxe-^Canary or Saci; wine, Vinum Ca- 
 nqri'num ; Mountain wine, Vinum album mon- 
 ta'num; Tent wine; Rhenish wine,Vmuw,'Rhe- 
 na'num; and Port wine,Vini(,m ruhrum Por- 
 iugal'licum. 
 
 The wines, habitually drunk, are almost in- 
 numerable. Those that are sweet, or coiitain 
 a large portion of free, saccharine matter, are 
 decidedly th6 least wholesome to the dyspeptic. 
 . When wine is good, arid of a proper age, it is 
 tonic and nutritive ; when new, flatulent and 
 cathartic, disagreeing with the stomach and 
 bowels. In medicine, it is a valuable tonic in 
 the last stage of typhus, when the skin is not 
 too hot and dry. Its use, however, requires 
 great caution; andwhen once commenced under 
 proper circumstances, it cannot be suddenly 
 dropped without mischief. It is, perhaps, the 
 best permanent stimulus in the catalogue of the 
 materia medica. 
 
 Wine, AMinaiAN, Aminseum vinum — w. of 
 Aloes, 'Vinum aloes — w. Antimonial, 'Vinum 
 antimonii tartarizati— w. Antiscorbutic, 'Vinum 
 antiscorbuticum— w. Aromatic, 'Vinum aroma- 
 
WINKING 
 
 907 
 
 WORMS 
 
 ticum — w. Bark, compound, Vijaum de kih^ 
 kina comppsitum— w. Barley, Cerevisia — w. 
 Bitter, diuretic, Vinum diureticum amarum. 
 
 Wine Bitters, Vimtm gentia'na Comp, The 
 formulae for these may be various. The follow- 
 ing is as good and as agreeable as any. {Rad. 
 gentiaji. Bj, cort. aurant. ^x, sem. cardam. cont. 
 5iv, cinnam. cort. giv, wine, foreign or domes- 
 tic, three gallons and a half.) Tonic and sto- 
 machic. 
 
 Wine, Cedae, Cedrinum vinum — w. Cham- 
 pagne, Vinum campanum — w. Chian, Chium 
 vinum — w. of Colchicum, Vinum colchici — w. 
 of Colchicum seed, Vinum colciici seminis— w. 
 of Ergot, Vinum ergotae; — w. of Gentian, com- 
 pound, Vinum gentian* Cqmpositnm — w. of 
 Hellebore, vphite, Vinum veratri — w; Ipecacu- 
 anhaj Vinum ipeeacuanhse — w. of Iron, V^inum 
 ferri — w. Medicated, Vinum medicihale^w. of 
 Opiumj Vinum opii — *. Port, Vinum Portugal- 
 licpra — w. Pullst, Poulet, vih de—w. of Qiiiua, 
 Vinum ■ quiniae — w. Rhubarb, Vinum rhef pal- 
 mati — w. Sherry, V inum — w. Steel, Vinum ferri 
 — w. Tobacco, Vinum tabaci — w. White, see 
 Wine — w. of Woiravyood, Vinum absinthites. 
 
 WINKING, Scardamygmus. 
 
 WINTER-BARK TREE, Wintera aromatica 
 — w.Berry,Virginia,Prinos — w. Berry, whorled,' 
 Prinos — w. Bloom, Htunamelis Virginiana— rW. 
 Cough, Bronchitis, chronic — w. Green, Gaul- 
 theria— ■w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola. 
 
 WINTERA, "see Wintera aromatica. 
 
 Wm'xEKi.' Aromat'ica, Drymis Winteri, 
 Winter-bark Tree. The Bark, Wintera (Ph. 
 tJ. S.), Cortex Wintera'nus, Cottex Winteranus 
 J\Tagellan'ic2iSj Cortex Mag&llan'icus^ (1^0 
 Scarce de Winter, Cannelle poivree, is very 
 much allied in its properties to Canella alba. 
 
 WISBADEN, MINERAL WATI^RS OF. 
 Wisbaden is a town of Germany, aboijt 6 miles 
 north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It 
 has been, long celebrated for its hot springs ; 
 and is much frequented. There are numerous 
 cold, and thermal spTings,-^the former contain- 
 ing sulphohydric acid; the latter being saline 
 and aciduloiis. The temperature of the hot 
 springs varies from 117° to 1C0° Fahr. 
 
 WISMUTHUM, Bismuth. 
 
 WOAD, Isatis tinctoria. 
 
 WOLiFBANE,.Veratrum viride. 
 
 WOLFSBANE, Aconitum— w. Wholesome, 
 Aconitum anthora. 
 
 WOLFSCLAW,iLycopodium. 
 
 WOLFSJAW, see Harelip. 
 
 WOMANHOOD, Malieritas. 
 
 WOMB, Uterus — w. Falling down of the. 
 Prolapsus uteri — w. Grain, Ergot — w. Lacera- 
 tion of the, Uterus, rupture of the— w. Tympa- 
 ny of the, Physometra. 
 
 WOOD, BRAZIL, Cfesalpinia echinata— w. 
 Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Fernambnco, 
 Caesalpinia echinata — w. Lice, Onisci aselli — w. 
 Nicaragua, see Csesalpinia — w. Peach, see C;e- 
 salpinia — w. Pernambuco, Caesalpinia echinata 
 — w. Sampfen, Caesalpinia sappan— w. Sappan, 
 Caesalpinia sappan — w. Sorrel, Oxalis aceto- 
 sella— w. Sour, Andromeda arborea — w. Wax- 
 en, Genista tinctoria. 
 
 WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera pericly- 
 menum. 
 
 WOODROOF, SWEET-SCENTED, Aspe- 
 rula odorata. 
 
 WOODS, SUDORIFIC, (F.) Bois sudori- 
 
 fiques. This term is applied, collectively, to 
 the guaiacum, sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla ; 
 which are often used together to form the su- 
 dorific decoction. 
 
 WOORARA, Curare. 
 
 WORM-BARK TREE, Geoffraea inermis— 
 w. Cakes, Story's, see Cakes, worm. Story's— 
 w. Disease, Helminthiasis^— w. Goosefoot, Che- 
 nppodium anthelminticum — w. Grass, perenni- 
 al, Spigelia Marilandicar— w. Guinea, Dracun-"# 
 cuius. 
 
 Worm Loz'enges, Ching's. Empirical pre- 
 parations, which consist of yellow and brown 
 lozenges. ' The former are directed to be taken 
 in the evening ; the latter on the following mor- 
 ning. The Yellow Lozenges. {Saffron, gss, 
 water, Oj ; boil, and strain; and add of white 
 panacea of •mercury (calomel washed in spirit 
 of wine,) Ibj, white sugar. 28 lbs, mucilfoge of 
 gum tragaeanth q. s., to inake a mass, Divide, 
 so that each lozenge may contain a grain of the 
 panacea.) The Brown Lozenges. {Panacea 
 ,^vij, re«i» of jalap 1ei\\]is, white sugar ^Six, 
 mucilage of gum tragac. q. a. Each lozenge to 
 contain gr. ss of the panacea.) 
 
 WoElM LozENGfEs,' Sherman's, are said to be 
 composed of cdlom^h gamboge and sugar. 
 
 Peters's Wofm Lozenges are said to \'e com- 
 .pos,ed in a similar manner. \ 
 
 Worm Root, Spigelia Marilahdita — w. Seed, 
 Artemisia santofaica, Che^opodium anthelmin- 
 ticum — w. Seed , gubsefoot, Chenopodiura an- 
 thelminticum — w.~ Weed, Corsicau, Corallina 
 Corsicana, Polanisia graveolens — w. Weed, 
 white, Corallina-T-w. Wood, common, Artemi- 
 sia absinthium — w. Wood, creeping, Artemisia 
 rupestris — w. Wood,;lesser, Artemisia Ppntica 
 — w. Wood, Roman, Artemisia Pontica — w. 
 ^ Wood, -sea, Artemisia maritima— w. Wood, 
 silky, Artemisia glacialis. • ' , 
 
 WORMIA'NA OSSA' sen OS&IC'ULA, O. 
 epacta'Ua', O. raphogeminan'tia, O. triqfi^etra, 
 O. triangida'Ha Bla'sii, Claves calva'ria, O. 
 sutura'rum^ (F.) Os^ormiens, Clefs, du crane, 
 Os ipact0ux, Os surnumiraires, (Ch.), Os in- 
 tercedes, Os triangulaires. Small bonfes, which 
 are sometimes observable in the sutures of the 
 bones of the craniiim, of which they form a part. 
 They were called Wormiana; from Olaus Wor- 
 miuSjWhois said to have first described them. 
 They had been previously, however, mentioned 
 by G. Andernach, a physician at Strasburg. 
 TTie Ossa Wormiana ^xist more commonly in 
 the sutures of the vault of the skull; especially 
 in the lambdojdal, sagittal, and squamous. They 
 are uncommon at thd base of the skull. Their 
 size is very variable, and shape irregular. 
 Their structure and development are similar to 
 those of the other bones of the cranium; and, 
 like them, they are^bounded by sutures. 
 
 WORMS, originally from (L.) Vermes; In- 
 testinal Worms, ^Bntoso'a, Eritozoa'ria, Ente- 
 rozo'a, Endozo'a, Vermes intesti'ni, Entel- 
 minth'a, Enth'elmin'thes, Helmhi'thi, Hel- 
 minth'ia Alvi, H. pod'icis, Sjitanchnelmin'tha , 
 Entoparasites, (F.) Vers, Vers incestinaux, 
 Entozoaires. Animals whose common cha- 
 racter is that of existing ortlyin otiier animals; 
 hence their name entozoa, from svto?, ' within,' 
 and tiuoi', 'animal.' They are met with, not 
 only in the natural cavities, but even in the 
 tissue of the organs. Cuvier, Rudolphi, Brera, 
 Bremser, Laennec, and others have endeavourei*. 
 
WORMS 
 
 908 
 
 XANTHOXtLUM 
 
 to classify them, — some ac'cordingto their shape j 
 others, according to their anatomical characters. 
 The foUowin'g table exhibits the entozoa, 
 which have been met with in the hurnan body, 
 and their usual habitat. 
 
 Entozoa* 
 Trichocephalus dispar, 
 Oxyuris vermicularis, 
 Ascaris lumbricoides, 
 Bothriocephalus latus, 
 Ttenia solium, 
 Ditrachyceras rudis, 
 Diplosoma crenata, . 
 Spiroptera hominis, 
 Dactylius aculeatus, 
 Distoma hepaticum, 
 Strongylus gigas, 
 Filaria oculi,- 
 Acephalocystis, endogena, 
 
 Ecbinococcus hominis, < 
 
 Polystoma pingtticola, 
 Polystomji venarum, 
 Filaria bionchialis. 
 Trichina spiralis, ( 
 
 Cysticercus cellulose, J 
 Acephalocystis multiflda, 
 Filaria medinensis, 
 
 Where Found. 
 
 Intestines. 
 
 .Urinary Bladder. . 
 
 Gall bladder. 
 
 Kidney. 
 
 Eye, 
 
 Liver. 
 
 Liver, Spleen, and 
 
 Omentum. 
 Ovary. 
 
 Veins. '" 
 
 Bronchial glands. 
 
 Muscles. 
 
 Brain. 
 
 Cellular texture. 
 The liiost common of these are; — the Ox- 
 yures vermiculares, Ascarides lumbricoides, 
 and Taenia, which are found in'thfe intestines. 
 The origin of these wornls is extremely singu- 
 lar, and more favourable than any other fact to 
 the hypothesis of spontaneous generation in the 
 lowest tribes of animated nature. They are cer- 
 tainly not identical with any worms out of the 
 body. They are most 'commonly met with in 
 children improperly fed; but their presence ckri- 
 not be positively detected by any symptom, 
 except that of the discharge of the worms 
 themselves in the evacuations. They may, of 
 course, give rise to every kind of irritation in 
 the intestinal tube, and to sympathetic distur- 
 bance in most' of the other functions; but all 
 these signs may be produced by intestinal irri- 
 tation resulting from other causes. 
 
 Anthelmintics or vermifuges, employed, as 
 the name imports, for, their removal, may be of 
 two tinds — mecha7iical and trv-v. To the first 
 class — th? mechanical — belong Emetics, F-urga- 
 tives, Mueuva, powdered Tin, &c. To the. lat- 
 ter — the true imthelmintiei-^Turpentine, Che- 
 nopodium anthelminticum, Pink^oot, Semina 
 Santonid, &.C. Of these the best is l^urpentine. 
 
 See Oleum terebinthinse. The great object, 
 however, is to prevent their generation. Thi? 
 must be done by generous diet, fresh air, *d.'. 
 tonics- where necessary. _ 
 
 WORT, Sax. pyjic; Musftim, Infu'sum By- 
 nes sea Bra'sii sen Malti, (F.) Moiit de la Biere. 
 An infusion of,malt. This has been recom- 
 mended in scurvy. One measure of ground 
 nlalt is added to three equal measures of boiling 
 water. The mixture must be ■yi'ell stirred, and 
 left to stand covered three or four hours. 'Dose, 
 one to four pints j daily. ' It, has, also, been re- 
 commended in other caises, where a strong 
 putresfieiit disposition appeared to prevail in 
 the fluids, as in cancerous and phagedenic 
 ulcers. It is not now employed. . - ' 
 
 WOUND, Sax. j>un», Yulnus, Volmis) di- 
 minutive ^ulnits'culum, Plaga, Tra^m,a, Troma, 
 Tresis, Tresis Vulnus, Bl'abij Tymma, (F.) 
 Plaie, Ble'ssure. A solution of continuity in 
 the soft parts, projluced by soniff mechainjeal 
 agent. Wounds present . innurnerable differ- 
 ences, as regards their. situation; the parts in- 
 terested; their direction ; size; shape; the na- 
 ture of the instrument or agent'by which they 
 are produced; their more or less simple br 
 complex character, duration„&c. A wound is 
 called incised, (F.) Coupure, Incision, when 
 made by 9, cutting instrument ; — punctured, 
 i^ygma, (F.) Piquure, when made by a pointed 
 instrument; — lacerated, (F.) Dichirure, Plaie 
 par arrachemient, when the parts are lacerated 
 or torn by lihe woundedbody ; poisoned, Cellu- 
 -li'tis venena'ta, Necu'sia, (F.) Plaie enveriimee, 
 when some virulent or venomous substance has 
 been introduced;* — and contused, (T.)Plaie con- 
 tuse, when produced by a blunt bbdy. Gunshot 
 leoimds, Sclopetbpla'gse, Vul'nera sclopeta'ria, 
 (F.) Plaies ,d'arm£s a feu ou d' arquebus ode, 
 Goup de feu, belong to the last division. 
 
 WOURALI, Curare. 
 
 WRACK, BLADDER, YELLOW, Fucus 
 vesiciilosus — w. Sea, Fucus vesicUlosus. 
 
 WRENCH, Sprain. 
 
 WRINKLE, Sax. ppincle. Ruga, Ryti's, 
 Rhaciis, Rhachus, Rhagus, Rhysse^ma, Corru- 
 ga'tio cutis, (¥.) Ride. A furrow or- fold iii 
 the skin of the face, forehead, vagina, &c. Ser- 
 Corrugation. ' 
 
 WRIST, Carpus. 
 
 WRIST-DROP. Paralysis of the muscles 
 of the forearm, induced by the poison of lead- 
 
 WURSTGIFT, Allantotoxicum. ' 
 
 WRONG HEIR, Cancellus. - 
 
 X. 
 
 XALAPPA, Convolvulus ^alapa. 
 
 XAN'THIUM, X. strur)ia'rium,~Barda'na 
 minor, Lappa minor. Lesser Burdock, Burweed, 
 Burthistle, Clotbiir, (F.) Lampourde, Petit 
 Glouteron, Petite Bardane. This herb, as one 
 of its names imports, was once esteemed for 
 the cure of scrofula. The seeds have been 
 administered in cutaneous affections. 
 
 XANTHOP'SIA, from ?a»flos, 'yellow,' and 
 oi/<ic, 'vision.' Yellow vision, — as sometimes 
 occurs in jaundice. 
 
 XANTHORRHIZA, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia. 
 
 Xantiiorriii'za Ap-iifolia, Xa7Uhorrhiza, X. 
 simplicis'siirm, X. Marbois'ca, Zanthorrhiza 
 
 tincto'ria, Yellow Root, Parsley-leaved Yellow 
 Root or Yellow wort. Shrub yellow root. The 
 root of this American plant — Xanthorrhiza. 
 (I'h.U. S.) — is a strong and pleasant bitter; and. 
 in the dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the 
 stomach. 
 
 XANTHOS, Yellow. 
 
 XANTHOX'YLUM CLAVA HER'CULIS. 
 Ptic/cly Ash, Toothache Tree, (F.) Clavalier a 
 feuilles de frine, Frhie epineux. The bark — 
 Xanthexylum, (Ph. U. S.) — is a very strong sti- 
 mulant and powerful sialagogue. It has been 
 given, internally, in rheumatism. Another spe- 
 cies — Xanthoxylum fraxinifo'lium, Xanthoay- 
 
XANTICA 
 
 909 
 
 YELLOW 
 
 lumfraxdn'eum. Shrubby prickly ask, Toothache 
 bush, fell'itory, Yellota wood, Suterberry,- — 
 possesses active powers. A spirituous infusion 
 of the bark has been highly recommended in 
 cases of, violent colic. The fresh juice, ex- 
 pressed from the roots of the xanthoxylum, is 
 said to afford relief in the dry bellyache of the 
 West Indies. A decoction of the bark is some- 
 times used as a wash to foul ulcers. 
 
 XANTICA, Carminatives. ■' 
 
 XANTOLINA, Artemisia santonica. 
 
 XENODOCEUM, Hospital. 
 
 XENODOCHEUM, Hospital. - 
 
 XERANSIS, Arefaction, Drying. ^ 
 
 XERANTIA, Siccantia. ^ 
 
 XERA' SIA. Same etymon ; from ? i;? oc, ' dry.' 
 A disease of the hairs, which becdme dry, cease 
 to grow, and resemble down covered with dust. 
 — Galen . 
 
 XERION, Catapasma. 
 
 XEROCOLLYR'IUM, from J^jot, ' dry,' and 
 xoii.ovs'or, ' a coUyrium ;' Collyr'ium siecum. A 
 dry cellyrium. 
 
 XERODERMA, from ^ijgoc, 'dry,' and 
 SeQfta, ' skin.' Diminution of secretion of the 
 sebaceous glands. 
 
 XERO:\IA, Xerophthalmia — x. Conjunctival, 
 Xerophthalmia. ' . ' 
 
 Xeroma, Lachrymai,. Suppression of i:he 
 lachrymal secretion. 
 
 XEROMYCTJER, Xeromy<;J:ei-ia. 
 
 XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromyaer, from Jijgot, 
 ' dry,' and iUuktdj, ' the no'se.' Dryness of the 
 nose. 
 
 XEROM'YRON, Vnguen'tum siecum; from 
 5^505, ' dry,' and five.it, ' an ointment.' A dry 
 ointmenti — Goiraeus.' 
 
 XEROPHA'GIA,from Ji)(.os, ' dry,' and (faym, 
 * I eat.' Excessive use of dry aliment. A kind 
 of regimen to which the ancient athletae sub- 
 jected themselves, with the view of iritreasing 
 their strength. 
 
 XEROPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthal'mia sicca, 
 Ophthalmoxero'sis^ Xcro'Tna, from ^rjQtig, * dry,' 
 and ixf^.xinia, 'inflammation of the eye.' An 
 inflamniation of the eye, without discharge. 
 The tc^rm — as well as Conjuncti'val:Xero''ma, 
 and Cutie'ular' Conjuncti'vo'— has been given 
 
 to cases in which the conjunctiva is so changed, 
 that it presents more of the characters of skin 
 than of mucous membrane. It is incapable of 
 radical cpre. Also, lippitudo. 
 
 XEROTRIBIA, see Friction. 
 
 XEROTRIPSIS, Friction, dry. 
 
 - XIPHODES, Xiphoid. 
 XIPHODYMUS, Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 
 XIPHOID, Xip^oi'des, Xipho'des'i JEnsifor'- 
 
 mis, from Ji(poc, '^a sword,' and ei^o?, ' shape;' 
 Cartila'go Xypkaides, C. Xipho'idea, C. Scuta'- 
 lis, C. Ensiformis, C. Pelta'lis seu pelt'a'tus , 
 En'siform cartilage, Fureel'lainfe'rior, Mucro- 
 na'tum os,,Mucrona'ta Cartila'go, Chondros, 
 Frocesszis xiphosterna'Lis, P. miphotdes, Fro- 
 Ces'sus sterni xiphoideus, ^F.) Appendice ou 
 cartilage^ xipho'ide, C. Mucrone, ^Appendice 
 sous-sternale. Palette. The name of the ap- 
 pendix which terminates the sternum beneath ; 
 and which iS so called from soTiie resemblance 
 to a sword, 
 
 XirHo'iD LiG^AMZNT, Costo-xyphoid L. (F.) 
 Ligament xiphoidieif, ou c'osto-xiphoidien, is a 
 small, very thin, ligamentous fasciculus, which 
 passes from the dartilage of prolongation of 
 the 7th rib to the anterior surface. of the xiphoid 
 cartilage, into which it is inserted by its fibres 
 decussating with those of the opposite liga- 
 ment. 
 
 XIPHOP'AGES, Did'ymus, Symphyo-tpi- 
 gas'trius; from ^liftc, ' a sword,' and ■rrtiyni/xi, 
 ' I fix.' A monstrosity, in which twins are 
 united by the epigastrium, as in the case of the 
 Siamese twins. 
 
 XYLO-ALOES, Agallochnm — x. Balsamum, 
 see Aniyris opobalsamum — x. Cassia, Laurus 
 cassia — x. Cinnamomum, Laurus cinnamomum. 
 
 XYLUM, Ggssipium. 
 
 XYMPATHIA, Sympathy. 
 
 XYRIS, Iris fffitidissima. 
 
 XYRUM, Novacula. 
 
 XYRUS, Novacula. 
 
 - XYSMA, Linteum, Rasura, Scobs. 
 XYSMOS, Rasura., 
 
 XYSTER, Raspatorium. 
 XYSTOS.-Linleum. 
 
 XYSTR.UM, Raspatorium— X. Ophthalmi- 
 cum, Ophthalmoxyster. , 
 
 Y. 
 
 YAM. This esculent root is principally ob- 
 tained from three species of Diosco'rea, — ala'- 
 ta, bulbifera, and sati'va.- They .grow spon- 
 taneously in both the InSies, and their roots are 
 eaten promiscuously, as the potato is with us. 
 Their taste is somewhat like the potato. 
 
 YARD, Penis. 
 
 YARROW, COMMON, Achillea millefolium; 
 
 YAtfPON, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 YAWNING, Jrom Sax. seonan, Chasms, 
 Chasmus, Hia'tics, Osce'do, Oscita'tio, Clonics 
 •pandicida tio Tnaxilla'rwm, Gaping, (F.) Bail- 
 lement. Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, 
 with considerable separation of the jaws, exe- 
 cuted slowly and in an involuntary manner, and 
 followed by a prolonged and more or less sono- 
 rous expiration. This respiratory movement 
 is preceded by a feeling of oppression in the 
 epigastric region, and in the muscles of respi- 
 
 ration and mastication. Yawning has been con- 
 ceived to be owing to torpor in the pulmonary 
 circulation;' the causes producing it being com- 
 monly ennui, fatigue, sleepiness, monotonous 
 sounds, hunger, sympathy, &c . Yawning often 
 precedes the invasion of certain intermittent!?, 
 attacks of hysteria, &c., and it may, by its fre- 
 quency, and obstinacy, bedome a true disease. 
 
 YAWROOT,- Stillingia. ' 
 
 YAWS, FrambtEsia. 
 
 YEAST, Yest— y. Plant, Torula cerevisia>. 
 
 YELLOW, Flavus, Lu'teus, Xanthus, from 
 past participle of Sax. seaplan, ' to burn.' One 
 of the seven primitive colours. 
 
 Yellow Ash, Cladrastis tinctoria — y. Berry, 
 Podophyllum montanum. 
 
 Yellow Ligaments, (F.) ligaments jaunes, 
 occupy the spaces between the vertebral plates, 
 from the interval, which separates the second 
 
YELLOWS 
 
 910 
 
 ZINCI ACETAS 
 
 vertebra from the third, to that which separates 
 the last vertebra from the sacrum. They are 
 so called in consequence of their colour. 
 
 Yellow Paini, Hydrastis Canadensis — y. 
 Root, Jeffersoriia Bartoni — y. Root, Earsley- 
 leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia^-y. Root, Shrub, 
 Xanthorrhiza apiifblia — y. Star, Helenium au- 
 tumnale^y . Weed, Ranunculus acris — y ;Wood, 
 Xanthoxylum fraxineum — J. Wort, Parsley- 
 leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifplia. i 
 
 YEiiLOWS, Cypripedium luteijm, Icterus, 
 Ranunculus acris. ' > 
 
 YERBA DEL SOLDADA, Matico — y. 
 de Huacai Datura sangninea. 
 
 YEST, Yeast, Sax. sepc, from rr'c, ' a storm,' 
 yr^'S, ' stormy;' Cerevis'ise Fermen'fum, Spu-, 
 ma Cerevis'ise, Btirm, (F.) Levure, hevure^de 
 la Bikre. The scum, which collects on the sur- 
 face of beer whilst fermenting. Yest is anti- 
 septic and tonic. It has been much extolled in 
 
 , putrid fevers,— a table-spoonful being given as 
 I a dose, in porter, wine, fee. It is, also, ap- 
 ! plied, in the form of cataplasm; to foul ulcers. 
 In all these cases, it ^cts by virtue of the gene- 
 ration of carbonic acid gas. 
 
 ' YEU:^ ARDENS, Ardfiiit eye^—y. d'Aore- 
 pisse, Cancrorum chelae. 
 
 YEW TREE, Taxus baccata. 
 
 YLECH, Ilech.' 
 
 YLIATER, Ilech, 
 
 YOLK OF EGG, see Ovum. 
 
 YOUTH, Adolescence. 
 
 YOPON, Ilex vomitoria. 
 
 •YPSELOGLDSSU S, Basioglossus,- ' 
 
 Y RIDES, Orpiment. , . 
 
 YSAM'BRA, Pedigam'bra, An ancient Spa- 
 nish poison, of which, hellebore formed the 
 greatest part. ' . - , , ' ' 
 
 YUCCA, Jatropha nianihot. 
 
 Y-WER-A, see Spirit. 
 
 z. 
 
 ZACCHARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZAEL, Borosail. 
 
 ZAFFRAN,. Crocus. 
 
 ZAMIA IPfTEGRIFOLJA, see Arrowroot 
 — z. Pumila, see Arrowroot. , 
 
 ZANN A. A kind of Armenian bole, used by 
 the ancients as a desiccativje. It was also called 
 Zarnacha. ^ ■ • ■ 
 
 ZANTHORRHIZA APIIFOLIA, Xanthor- 
 rhiza apiifolia. 
 
 ZANTHOXYLUM CLAVA HERCULIS, 
 Xanthoxylum clava Hercutis. , 
 
 ZAPANIA NODIFLORA, Ana-coluppa/ 
 
 ZARNACHA, Zanna. 
 
 Z ARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
 
 ZEA MAYS, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey 
 Wheat, Maize, Ador, Indian Wheat, (F.) Mais, 
 Grainede Turgtiie,Ble d^Inde,Ble d'Espagne, 
 Ble d'ltalie, Bl'e de Turquie. A native of Ame- 
 rica, and much used over the whole of the con- 
 tinent as an article of diet. It is ground for 
 the same purposes as wheat, and forms an , ex- 
 cellejot bread. 
 
 ZADOAIRE ROND, Kaempferia rotunda. 
 
 ZEDOARIA, Kjempferia rotunda — z. Longa, 
 see Kaempferia — z. Rotunda, see Kaempferia. 
 
 ZEDOARY, Kaenipferia rotuttda. 
 
 ZELOSIS, Zelotypia. 
 
 ZELOTYP 'lA, from ^ijiloc, ' love,' and tutiop, 
 ' form,' 'model ;' Zelolsis. It has been proposed 
 to apply this name to the violent mental affec- 
 tion produced by the acknowledged or pre- 
 sumed infidelity of a beloved object ; -and to the 
 consequences of such affection ; — ^melancholy, 
 mania, &c. 
 
 ZEMA, Decoction. 
 
 ZEN'ICON, terixov. Ancient name of a 
 Keltic poison, used for poisoning arrows. 
 
 ZEPHACH, Peritoneum. 
 
 ZERMA, Zerna. 
 
 ZERNA, Zerma: Amongst the barbarous 
 Latin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, 
 Impeti'go ulcera'ta. 
 
 ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar. 
 
 ZESIS, Effervescence, Decoction. ^ 
 
 ZEST, see Citrus medica. 
 
 ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot. 
 
 ZIBETHUM," Civetta. , ' 
 
 ZIGNITES, Zingrites. 
 
 Zl^C,Zinc;um, Zipi:um',Speltrum, Speauter, 
 Tutenag, Zinchum, Zint, Stannum In'dicurri. 
 Perhaps formed etyniologically from (-G.) Zin, 
 'Tin.'' A metal obtained from calamine and 
 blende. Its colour is bluish- white ; lustre of the 
 fresh surface considerable, but soon dulled, from 
 the facility with which'it oxidates ; halrd; tex- 
 ture striated. S. g. 7.190., Melts at 700° 
 Tah., burps with a bright flame in a higher tem- 
 perature, and is volatilized iir the form of a 
 white, flooculent oxyd. Its use, in medicine, 
 is in the formation of the following preparations . 
 
 ZINC, Acetate de, Zinci acet'as— z: 
 Butter of, Zinci chloridum — z. Chloride of, 
 Zinci chloridum — z. Chlorure «^«, Zinci chlori- 
 dum — z. Ferrohydrocyanate of, Zinci cyanure- 
 tum: — z. Flowers of, Zinci pxydum — z. Hydro- 
 
 ■ cyanate of, Zinci cyanuretum — z. Iodide of, see 
 Iodine — z. Oxdde, de, Zinci oxydnm — z. Oxyd 
 of, Zinci oxydum — z,. Sulfate de, Zinci sulphas 
 — z. Sulphate of, Zinci Bulphas^z. Valerianate 
 of, Zinci Valerianas. 
 
 ZINCHUM, Zincum. 
 
 ZINCI ACE'TAS, Ac"etate of Zinc, (F.) 
 
 ■ Acetate de Zinc. {Plumii acet^ Bj, zinc, gra- 
 nul. ^ix, aquce destillat. Oiij. Dissolve the 
 acetate of lead in the water, and filter. Add 
 the zinc to the solution, and agitate them occa- 
 sionally together, in a stopped bottle, for five 
 or six hours, or until the liquid yields no preci- 
 pitate, with a solution of iodide of potassium. 
 Filter the liquor, evaporate it with a moderate 
 heat to one fifth, and set it aside to crystallize. 
 Pour off the liquid, and dry the crystals on bi- 
 bulous paper. 
 
 Should the crystals be coloured, dissolve them 
 in distilled water, and having heated the solu- 
 tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution 
 of chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall 
 sesquioxide of iron; filter the liquor, acidulate 
 
 / 
 
ZINCI 
 
 911 
 
 ZONA 
 
 it with a few drops of acetic acid, evajjorate, 
 and crystallize.— PA. V. S.) 
 
 Frequently used to form a gently astringent 
 wash in ophthalmia and other local inflamma- 
 tions; and as an injection in gonorrhcea. 
 
 ZiNoi Carbonas Imptirus, Calamina— z.'bar- 
 bonas praeparatus, Calamina praeparata. 
 
 ZiNCi Ohlo'eidum, Z. cklorure'tum, Zinium 
 chiora'tum) Z, muHat'icum (^oxydatum,) Chlo~ 
 ride or Chloruret of Zinc, Butter of Zinc, (F.) 
 Chlorure de Zinc. (Zinc, in frustulis, §ijss, 
 aeid. nitric., cretceprseparat. aa ^],acid. muriat. 
 q. s. To the zinc, in a porcelain vessel, add 
 gradually sufficient muriatic acid to dissolve it; 
 strain, add the nitric acid, and evaporate to dry 
 nesS. Dissolve the dry mass in ^water, add the 
 chalk, allow the mixture to stand for 24 hours,, 
 filter, and again e'vapbrate to dryness. — Ph. JJ. 
 S.) It is very deliquescent in the air, forming 
 the Butter of Zinc,' Buty' rufn Zinci. 
 
 Chloric(e of Zinc is a powerful escharotic, 
 and has, been lately employted as an effective 
 antiseptic, 
 
 ZiNoi Chloeuretdm, Z. chloridum. 
 
 Zinci Ctanure'tum, Mydrocy' anas Zinci, 
 Zincwm Cyttnog^Tia'tum, Z.^Bo7-us'sicum, Z. 
 'Zobticum, Hydrocy'anate of Zinc. This salt is 
 formed b;^ adding sulphate of zinc to hydrocy- 
 anate of potassa ^ long as any precipitate is 
 thrown down. When dried and calcined at a 
 low heat, the product is a mixture of cyanuret 
 of zinc and of potassium. It haS been recom- 
 mended in nervous cai'dialgia.' Dose, from one- 
 sixteenth to one-twelfth >of a grain. 
 
 It is chiefly used as a caustic; one part fff the 
 chloride being mixed with, 4, 3 or, 2 parts of 
 flour, according to the desired strength, and a 
 few drops of water being added to form a paste. 
 
 Zinci Ferrohtbrocy'anas, Cyanure'tum 
 Ferrozin' cicwm, Zincum Ferrohydrocyari'icum, 
 Ferrohydrocyanate of Zinc. Mad?, by the mu- 
 tual decomjpositionof boiling hot solutions of 
 sulphate of zinc and ferrocyanate of potassa. 
 It has been recommended in the same cases as 
 the last preparation. 
 
 Zinci Hydrooyanas, Zinci cyanuretum — z. 
 Nix, Zinci oxydum. 
 
 Zinci Ox'ydum, Zincum calcina'tum, Oxyd of 
 Zinc, Flowers of Zinc, Nihil album, Lana Pki- 
 losopho'rtim, L. philosoph'ica. Nix zinci. Nihil 
 gris'eum, Pom'pkolyx, (F.) Oxide de Zinc. 
 Procured by burning zinc in a-long^ deep, cru- 
 cible, placed so as to collect the sublimate. 
 Also, in the foUovying manner -.—Zinci sulph.%y, 
 ammon. carbon. §vjss, aqua, destillat. cong. iij. 
 Dissolve the sulphate of zinc and carbonate of 
 ammonia separately in twelve pints of the dis- 
 tilled water ; strain the' solutions, and mix them. 
 Wash the precipitate frequently with water, 
 and expose it to a strong heat, so as to drive off 
 the carbonic acid.^P/i. TI. S. It is tonic and 
 antispasmodic ; externally, detergent and desic- 
 cative. Employed in epilepsy, chorea, &c. 
 For its external use, see Ung. Zinci. 
 
 Zinci Oxydum Impdrum, Tutia. 
 
 Zinci Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum 
 Vitriola'tum, Yitrio'lum album. White Vitriol, 
 V. Goslarien'se, V. Zinci, Sulphas Zin'dcum, 
 Gilla Vitrioli, Gilla Theophras'ti, Sal vomito'- 
 Tium vitrioli, Chalcan'thum album. White Cop- 
 peras, Sal Vitrioli, (F.) Sulfate de Zinc. 
 (Zinc, in frustul. giv, add. sulphuric, gvj, 
 aqua destillat. Oiv. To the zinc and water. 
 
 previously introduced into a glaSs vessel, add 
 by degrees the' sulphuric acid, and, when the 
 effervescence shall have ceased, filter the solu- 
 tion through paper; then boil it down till a 
 pellicle begins to form, and set aside to crys- 
 tallize. — Ph. V. S.) The sulphate of zinc is 
 inodorous; tapte, styptic: it is in white, semi- 
 transparent, efflorescent crystals; soluble in 
 three parts of water at 60°. It is emetic, tonic, 
 antispasmodic, and, externally, astringent; A 
 nostrum, sold under the name — AntipertMs'sis, 
 and, as its title imports, given in hooping-cough, 
 contains this salt as its chief ingredient. It is 
 emetic. Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to gss; as a 
 tonic, gr. j to ij. Used externally as a colly- 
 rium, gri.j to water_f. gj. 
 
 Zinci Valerianae, Vale'rianate of Zinc. A 
 salt formed by 'saturating valerianic acid with 
 freshly prepared carbonate of zinc. It is in 
 pure white,, pearly scales, and has been recom- 
 mended as a tonic in neuralgic ^iseaseSj epi- 
 lepsy, &c. The dose is one or two grains se- 
 veral times a day. 
 
 ZINCUM, Zinc — z. Boruasicum, Zinci cyanu- 
 retum — z. Calcinatum,Zinci oxydum — z. Chlora- 
 tum, Ziiici chloridum — z. Cyanogenatum, Zinci 
 cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydrocyanicum, Zinci 
 ferrohydrocyana's — z. lodatum, see Iodine — z. 
 Muriaticum, Zinci chloridum^ — z. Vitriolatum, 
 Zinci sulphas — z. Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum. 
 
 ZINGIBER, Amomum zingiber — z. Cassu- 
 muniar, see Cassumuniar — z. Germanicum, 
 Arum maculatum— z. Officinale, Amomum zin- 
 giber — z. Zerumbet, see. Cassumuniar. 
 
 ZINGRI'TES, Zigni't'es. A stone, resembling 
 glass; to which the ancients 'attributed marvel- 
 lous properties. 
 
 ZINKUM, Zincum. 
 
 ZINT, Zincum. 
 
 ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber. 
 
 ZIPHAC, Peritouffium,. 
 
 ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z.Adipinus, Epiploon; 
 gastro-colic. 
 
 ZIZA'NIA KQ\}&.T'lCK,WildRiee; called 
 by the Indians, Menomene, grows abundantly 
 on the rnarshy margins of the northern lakes, 
 and wa,ters of the upper branches of the Mis- 
 sissippi. The grain re"semblesbats. It fur- 
 nishes the northern savages, and the Canadian 
 traders, and hunters with their annual supplies 
 of grain. '^ 
 
 ZIZIPHUM, Jujube. 
 
 ZOA'GRIA, from ,tm«, 'life,' and ayno,,'! 
 catch up.' The saving and preservation of life. 
 Zo'dsis. A reward for preserving life; Sos- 
 trum. A votive offering hung up in the tem- 
 ples for life saved. 
 
 ZOANTHRO'PIA, Melanchol'ia zoSnthro'- 
 pia, from tasj, ' an animal,' and aiSfoiTrof, 'a 
 man.' A species of monomania, in which the 
 patient believes himself transformed into an 
 animal. Lycanthropia and cynanthropia be- 
 long to this species of monomania. 
 
 ZOARA, Insomnia. 
 
 ZOE, Life. 
 
 ZOGRAPHIA, Zoographja. 
 
 ZOIA'J'RIA, Veterinary art. 
 
 ZOIATRUS, Hippiater. 
 
 ZOMIDIUM, Jus. 
 
 ZOMOS, Consomme, Jus. 
 
 ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Castitatis, Hymen 
 — z. Ciliaris, Ciliary zone — z. Ignea, Herpes 
 zoster. 
 
ZONE 
 
 912 
 
 ZYTHUS 
 
 Zona Pelltj'cida, dolem'ma peltu'ddum. 
 The membrane fhat surrounds the yolk in the 
 mammalia is so called on atcount of its thick- 
 ness, and peculiar transparency. 
 
 Zona Serpiginosa, Herpes zoster — z. Vir- 
 ginitatis, Hymen. 
 
 Zona Tendino'sa. The whitish circle around 
 the auriculo-ventricular orifice of the right side 
 of the heart. 
 
 ZONE, Cingulum. 
 
 ZO^fULA CILIAJRIS, see Ciliary, and Ci- 
 liary zone — z. Hildani, Cingulum Hildani — z. 
 Zinnii, see Ciliary. 
 
 ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, aninial. 
 
 ZOOCHEM'ICAL, 'Zoochym'iccd, Zaoehem!- 
 icus seu Zobchym'ieus. ^ Appertaining or having 
 . relation to animal cheinistry. 
 
 ZOdCHEMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 
 ZOOCHYMY, Chymistry, animal. 
 
 ZOOGENIUM, Azote. ' 
 
 ZOOG"ENY, Zoogen'ia, Zo'ogen'esis,. from 
 {uoF, ' animal,' and ymitrif, 'geneiration.' The 
 doctrine of animal formation. . 
 
 ZpOG'RAPHY, Zoogra'phia, Zogra'.phia,, 
 from tffloV, 'an animal,' and yQctftij 'a descrip- 
 tion.' A description of animals. The natural 
 history of aniinals. ^ 
 
 ZOOHEMATINE, Hsematine. ' 
 
 ZOOHYLAS, from Cojov, 'an animal,' and 
 'ui>i, ' matter.' Anjmal matter. ^ 
 
 ZOOHY'LICA CONCREMEN'TA. Concre. 
 tions formed of animal matter. 
 
 ZOdlASIS, Veterinary ar^. 
 
 ZOOL'OGIST, Zoalogis'ta, Zool'ogus, from 
 Caov, ' an animal,' and xoyof, ' description.' ' One 
 skilled in the natural history o.f animals. , 
 ' ZOOL'OGY, Zoolog"ia. Same "etymon. I'he 
 natural history of animals. 
 
 ZOOM AGNETISMOS, Magnetism, animal. 
 
 ZOOMYCUS, Mucus. 
 
 ZOQMYXA, Mucus. 
 
 ZOON, Animal. ' , ' , ■ 
 
 ZOONOM'IA, Organoz'oonom'ia, from twor, 
 ' an animal,' and »o^o;, ' law.'- The laws which 
 govern the organic actions of aninlalg in gene- 
 ral: — Animal Physiol' ogij, Zo6physio.log"ia. 
 
 ZOONOSOLOG'IA, from saov, 'an aniriial,' 
 , voiros, ' a disease,' and Koyos, ' description.' The 
 nosology of animal?. 
 
 ZOOPATHOLOG"IA, from taov, 'an ani- 
 mal,' TioBo!, ' a disease,' and Aoy'r, 'a descrip- 
 tion.' The pathology of animals. 
 
 ZOOPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia. 
 
 ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Physiology, animal, 
 Zoonomia. 
 
 ZOO'PHYTE, Zooph'ytiim, Phytozo'on, Ani- 
 mal plant, from Carni', ' an animal,' and furor, 
 ' a plant.' A name given to the lowest class of 
 animals, which seem to form the transition he- 
 tween.the animal and the vegetable kingdoms. 
 
 ZOOSIS, Animation, Zoagria. ' 
 
 ZOOSPERMATA, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ZOOSPERMES, Spermatozoa. 
 
 ZOOT'OMY, Zootom'ia, from Cranv, ' an ani- 
 mal,' and Tifiva, 'I cut.' Theriot' omy , Ana- 
 tomia anima'lis seu romparati'va seu compara'- 
 la, Compar'ative Anatomy. The anatomy of ani- 
 mals . Anima,l anatomy. 
 
 ZOPISSA, see Piiius sylvestris. 
 
 ZOPYRON, Fomites. 
 
 ZOSTER, Herpes zoster. 
 
 ZOSTERA MARINA, Pila marina. 
 
 ZOZAR, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCARO, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCCARUM, Saccharum. , 
 
 ZUCHARi Saccl)arum. ' 
 
 ZUGHARUM, Saccharum. 
 
 ZUCHRA, Saccharum. 
 
 ZULAPIUM, Julep. 
 
 ZYGOMA, Mais. OS. 
 
 ZYGOMAX'IC) Zygomat'icus, Juga'lis,Ju- 
 gdl. That which ' relates to the zygoma, or 
 cheek "bone. , '■ ' _. , ' 
 
 Zygomatic Arch, se.e- Zygomatic process — 
 z. Bone, Malis os. - 
 
 Zygomatic Fossa is the~space included be- 
 tween the posterior 'margin of the- outer ala of 
 the pterygoid, process, and the crista which de- 
 scends'frpm the malar tuberosity to the superior 
 alveqlar margin. 
 
 Zygomatic MnsciES are two in number. 1. 
 Zygomat'icus major, Jiistort'or Oris, (F.) 
 Zygqmatn-lahial ifi\.)iMuscle grand zygoma- 
 tique, which is situate obliquely at the fore part 
 and sides of the face. It is a small, rounded 
 muscle.; arises from the outer surface of the os 
 malae, and is iijserted at the commissure, of the 
 lips, which it raises and draws outwards. It 
 acts principally in laughing. 2. Zygomat'icus 
 minor', (F.). Fetif Zygomata -laMal, (Ch.,) Pe- 
 tit Zygomatique, does not always exist. It . is 
 situate on the inner side of the last ; arises, from 
 the outer-surface of the os malas, aindis inserted 
 at the cornet of the "moutii, or rather into the 
 upper lipj which it raises and draws outwards. 
 Ziaom.A.Tip'PAocESSiProces'suszygOTnat'icus. 
 Apoph'ysis Zygomat'ica, Malar process,, Jugal 
 prl>cess, arises from the outer Surface of the 
 temporal bone by two roots, one of which is 
 transverse, {Condyle du temporal, Ch.,) and 
 the other lobg^itudinal ; between theiri is the gle-. 
 noid cavity. The process jpasses forwards, and 
 is articulated with the posterior angle of the of 
 maljB, with which it forms a bony bridge; called 
 the Zygomat'ic arch, Pars zygomat'icus, Arcu.i 
 zygomat'icus, (Fv) Arcade Zygoihatique. The 
 cavity, beneath this bridge, is sometimes called 
 Zygo''ma. - 
 
 ■ Zygomatic Suture is. placed between , the 
 zygomatic parts of the temporal and cheek 
 bcnes ; and slants obliquely downwards -and 
 backwards., 
 
 ZYGOMATIQUE GRAlfD, Zygomaticus 
 major — z. Petit, Zygomaticlis minor. 
 
 "ZYGOMA TO-LABIAL, Zygoniaticns ma- 
 jor — z. Labial, petit, Zygomaticus major — z. 
 Maxillaire, Masset^r — z. Oriculaite,- Anterior 
 auris. '•■ 
 
 , ZYGOPHYyLUM FAG4.BO, (F.) Faba- 
 gelle. A Syrian and Mauntanic plant, pos- 
 sessed of an acrid and bitter taste. It has ver- 
 mifuge properties. The Arabs believe that the 
 recently expressed juice of Zygophyllum simplex. 
 is capable of removing specks from the cornea. 
 
 ZYMA, Ferment. ' 
 
 ZYMOMA, Ferment. 
 
 ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see Zymotic. 
 
 Z Y M T 'I C, Zymot'ieus, from tufisa, ' to 
 ferment.' An epithet proposed for any epi- 
 demic, endemic, or contagious affection. Zy- 
 mosis is used by him to signify such an affec- 
 tion. 
 
 ZYTHOGALA, Posset. 
 
 ZYTHUM, Cerevisia. 
 
 ZYTHUS, Cerevisia. 
 
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LEA. & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 THE GREAT AMERICAN MEDICAL. DICTIONARY, 
 
 NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION— Lately Issued, 
 
 MEDICALLEXIGON; 
 
 A DICJTIONARY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, 
 
 ,, ' ,,, containin6 
 
 CONCISE EXPLANATIONS OF; ■THE VAE[OUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS, WITH 
 
 THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMESj NOTICES OF CLIMATE AND 
 
 OF CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR VARIOUS 
 
 OFFICINAL AND EMPIRICAL PREPARATIONS, ETC. 
 
 BY EOBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., &C. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION, 
 
 II CAREFULLY REVrSED 'AND GREATLY ENLARGED, 
 
 In Pne very large and beautifully printed Octavo Volume of over Nine Hundred Fages^ closely printed 
 ,,, , ,,1, i'l double calwmns. Strongly bound ifi leather', with raised bands. 
 
 This edition is not a mere reprint of the last. To show the manner in which the author has la- 
 bored to keep it up to the wants of the day, it may be stated to contain over SIX THOUSAND 
 WORDS AND TERMS more than the fifth edition, embracing altogether satisfactory definitions of 
 
 ,, OVER FORTY-FIVE THOUSAND WORDS. 
 
 Every means has been employed in tjie preparation of thef present edition, to render its me- 
 •chanica'l ^ecution and typograpliical accuracy in every way worthy its extended reputation a!iid 
 universal use. The size of the pagie has been enlarged, and the work itself increased more than 
 fi hundred. pages; the press has been watched with grbat carej a new font of type has been used, 
 procured for; the purpose^ and the whole printed on fine clear white paper, manufactured expressly. 
 Notwjthstaiiiding this marked improvement over air former edition's, the price is retained at the 
 origiii^al low rate, placing it within, the reach of all who may have occasion to refer to its pages, 
 iind enabling4t to retain: the position which it has so long occupied, as 
 
 THE Standard American iViEDiCAL dictionary. 
 
 We have examined the Lexicoiifor a large number of words, including such terms as Anseslhetic, Odairia, 
 Pyelitis, Mastivis, and Stomatitis, which are not commonly met with in medical dictionaries, and on wh^ch 
 medi'cal reaiders Occasionally require information; and we have found them with' an explanation of their 
 classical -origin, and the signification under which they are employed. Dr. Duti^lison''8 Lexicon -has 
 the rare m^rii that it certainty has no rival in the English lan§;uage fdr accuracy and lextenl of references. 
 The terms generally includo short physiological and pathological descriptions, so that, ,as the author 
 justly bbservest the reader does not possess in ihig work a mere dictionary, but a book, whiphj^while it in- 
 structs him in medical etymology, furnishes him with a large amount of aseful inforittation. That we are not 
 over-estimating the merits of this publication, is pj^oyed by the fact that we have no\v before us the seventh 
 editiorr;. This, at any rate, Shows that the author^s labors have been properly appreciated by his own coun- 
 trymen ; and we cap only confirm their judgmen^t, by recommending this most ufreful volume to tJie notice oi 
 ■our.ci^ajil antic readers. No medical library will be complete without it. — Tke London Med. G-azette.Dec. 184S. 
 It is certainly more complete and comprehensive than any with which w^e are acquainted in theEnglish 
 language. Few, in fact, could be found better qualified ihan'^Dr Dunglison for the production of such a wOTk. 
 l..fearned,industrious; persevering, and accurate, he-brings lo the task all the peculiar talents i)e'cessary for 
 its successful performance: while, at the &ame lime, his familiarity with the writings of tlife aft'cient and modern 
 ':;masjprsflf our, art,". renders him skilful to note the exact usage ofthe several terms of science, and the va- 
 rTbus modifications.which mpdical terminp'ogy has undergone with the change of theories or ihcrprogress of 
 improvement. — American Journal ofthe Medical Sciences.: 
 One ofthe mp.^l complete and copious known to the cultivators X)f medical science.— r.Bo5 Ion Med. Journal. 
 This mos,t complete medical Lexicon—certainly oue of ifeybest works of tlje kjind in the language.— 
 Charleston MedicalJournal. ' 
 
 ,v iTh;0 n\q8t complete Medical Dictionary in the English language. — Western Lancet. 
 ' J)r, Dun^lieon?^ ,Dic),ionary has not its superior, if indeed its equal, in the English language. — St. Louis Med. 
 end' Surg. Joitrrial. , 
 
 Familiar wltTi nearly a^ the medical dictionaries npw in print, wexonsider the one Ipefore us the -most 
 cOffiplfete', and an indispensable adjunct to eve7;y piedical library. — BritisK Afnerican Medical Journal. 
 
 Admitted by alt good judges, both in this country and in Europe, to be equal, and in many respects superior 
 to apyoth^f workof;j,he kind yet published.— ^iVorlAwesrern Medical and SurgiealJou^nal., H'ashaaTy^l&id. 
 
 We repeat our former delapation that this is the best Medical Dictionary in the English language. — Western 
 Lancet December, 1S4S. ' , 
 
 We nave no hesitation lo lironounce it the very best Medical, Dictionary now exl&nt-r-Southern Medical 
 and SvifTgital Joiirnaly December, 1648. 
 The, most comprehensive and best English Dictionary of medical .terms extant.— £«j5%Zo Jlfe(Z. JbufKirti. 
 Whence the terms have all been derived we find it rather difficult to in^agine. We can only say that, after 
 looking for every new and sttange word wecouldlEhink oif, We have not been disappointed in regard to more 
 than a few ofmostrecflnt introduction, such as those defeignations given by Professor Owen to the component 
 parts of a Vertebra. — British and Foreign Medico- Chirurgical Remew^ January, 1849. 
 Dr. Dunglison's masterpiece of literary labor.— iV, y,,^our^naLo/,Medieine. 
 
 HOBLYN'S^MEofcAl^ 
 A DZCTZOUAH? OF THB TBRIMES USED XXJ I^SDICZSJC. 
 
 AND THE COLLAtERAL SCIENCES. 
 BY RICHARD D. HOBLYN, A. M., Oxon. 
 
 REVISED, WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONS, FROM THE SECOND LONDON EDITION, 
 
 BY ISAAC HAYS, M. D., &c. In one large royaM2mo. volume of 402 pages, double columns. 
 
 We cdnnot too sttbriglyji-ecommend this small and chei'p volume to tke {library of every student and prac- 
 titioner. — Medico- Chirurgical Review, 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— Unaeoroy.) 5 
 
 SHARPEY AND QUAIN'S ANATOMY. Now Ready. 
 
 HUMAN ANATOMY. 
 
 BY JONES QUAIN, M.D. 
 
 FROM THE FIFTH LONDON EDITION. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 RICHARD QUAIN, F. R. S., 
 
 AND 
 
 WILLIAM SHARPEY, M.D., F.R.S., 
 
 Professors of Anatomy and Physiology in University College, Lonflon. 
 RETISED, ^rriTH KTOTES AHTD ADDITIONS, 
 
 BY JOSEPH LEIDY, M. D. ,, 
 
 Complete in Two large Octavo Volumes, of about Thirteen Hundred Pages. 
 
 BEAUTIFtJLLY ILLUSTEATED, 
 
 'Wltb Five Hundred EngraTlngs on Wood. 
 
 A specimen of the wood-cuts, but not of the paper or print, may be seen on the next page. 
 
 The delay which has occurred in the appearance of this great work has arisen from the Very 
 extensive alterations and additions, which render it essentially a new bocik. 
 
 " Quain's Anatomy," which forms its basis, has long been known as one of the most complete 
 and useful systems before the profession. As it at present stands, enlarged apd rewritten by the 
 distinguished anatomists whose names appear on the title-page, it is undoubtedly the most 
 thorough and exact treatise on the subject which has yet appeared inifioglttnd; while the care 
 and attention of Dr. Leidy have been devoted to adapting the work to the wants of this country, and 
 to adding whatever recent investigations of his own or of other anatomists appeared necessary 
 to place it entirely on a level with the science of the day. 
 
 In its scope and design, this work is more extended than others at present claiming the at- 
 tention of the profession. Each division of Special Anatomy is preceded by an elaborate chapter 
 on the General, Microscopical, and Physiological Anatomy of that portion Of the body ; Surgical 
 Anatomy, a subject of great practical importance, has also received muchi more notice than is 
 usually bestowed on it, and two chapters will be found devoted especially jto it, with reference to 
 the Arteries and to Hernia. In dealing with jtijese various subjects, the work has aot only had 
 the advantage of the collaboration of the distin^ished men above mentioned, but also, under the 
 supervision of the editors, special subjects have been treated of by Mr. £llis, the fate Mr. Potter, 
 and Mr. Marshall, gentlemen well known for their attainments in the various departments of 
 Anatomy. ' 
 
 In completeness, accuracy, and beauty of illustration, this work is equal if notsuperior to anything 
 of the kind as yet attempted in this country. A large number of the illustratipns are from^ original 
 designs by the editors, and present an unequalled series of anatomical drawings. Many new ones 
 have been introduced by Dr. Leidy, ^nd the whole are engraved on wood in the best style of the 
 present day, while the typographical and general mechanical execution of the work is in thehighest 
 style of art. * ; 
 
 We believe that any eouptry might.safely be challenged to produce a treatise on anatomy so reaidable, so 
 clear, and so full upon all iniportam Ulpi<^s.'^British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, April, 1849. 
 
 It is indeed a. wor6 calculated to make'&h era in anaiomical study, by placing before the student every de- 
 partment of his science, with a view to the relative importance of each; and so skilfully have the different 
 parts been interwoven, that no one who makes this work the basis of his studies will hereafter have any ex- 
 cuse for neglecting or undervaluing any important particulars connected with the structure of the human 
 frame ; and whether the bias of his mind lead him in a more especial manner to surgeji^j, physio, or^/physiolo- 
 gy, he'Will find here a work at once so .comprehensive and practical as to defend Inp^yfroni/ exclusiyeneas on 
 the one han(^ and pedantry on the other. — Monthly Journal and Retrospect of the Mescal Sciences. 
 
 In general, descriptive,. and surgical anatomy, it contains all the information whicn,^^ stwde^t can desire. — 
 London Medical Gazetti. '- , - , , 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending this treatise on anatomy as the most complete oil that subject in 
 the English language ; and the only one, perhaps, in any language, which brings the ^late of knowledge for- 
 ward to the most recent discoveries. — The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 One of the mosrvaluable works to whtcbthe medical student can apply for assistance in the prosecution 
 ofhiR alviAieB..y-~Medico-Chirurgical Reuieuj, J, 
 
 Admirably calculated to fulfil the object fcr which it is inteniei.— Provincial Medical Journal. 
 
 The most complete Treatise on Anatomy in the English language.— .ErfiniMrgA Meditai Journal. 
 
 There isno work in the EngUsh language to be preferred to Dn Quain's Elements of Anatomy. — London 
 Journal of Medicine. ^^ ': . , 
 
 WILSON'S DISSECTOR; OR, PRACTICAL AND SURGICAL ANATOMT. 
 
 BY ERASMUS WILSON, M. D., 
 
 Modified and re-arranged by PAUL. B. G0DDARD, Mi. D 
 
 In one volume, royal 12mo., of four hundred and forty pages, with 106 Svood-cuts. 
 
 HORNER'S DISSECTOR. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES DISSECTOR; 
 
 Being a new edition, with extensive modifications, and almost re-written, of 
 
 "HORNER'S PRACTICAL ANATOMY." 
 
 In one very neat volume, loyal 13mo., of 440 pages, with many illustrations on wood. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.-C^ngfomy.) 
 
 SPECIMEN OF 
 
 SHARPEY & aUAIN^S ANATOMY. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— U»a«omy.) 7 
 
 THE STDDENT'S TEXT-BOOK OF ANATOMY. 
 STew and Improved Edition. Just Issued. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, 
 
 GENERAL AND SPECIAL. 
 
 ' BY ERASMUS WILSON, M. D. 
 
 FOURTH AMERICAN, FROM THE LAST ENGLISH EDITION. 
 
 EDITED BY PAUL B. GODDARD, A.M., M.D., 
 With Two Hundred and Fifty Iliustratlons. 
 
 SeavtifuUy printed in One large Octavo Volume of nearly Six HiMdred Pages. 
 
 In many, if not all the Colleges of the Union, it has become a standard text-book. This, of itself, is sufficiently 
 expressive of its value. . A work very desirable to the student ; one, the possession of which will greatly 
 facilitate his progress in the study of Practical Anatomy. — Nepa York Journal of Medicine, 
 
 Its author ranks with the highest on Ansxoray.— Southern Medical and SurgicalJqurnal. . ,. 
 
 It offers to the student all the assistance that, can be expected from such a worjt. — Medical Examiner, 
 
 The most complete and convenient manual for the student we possess. — 4Mt^anJoumathofMed. Science. 
 
 In every respect this work, as an anatomical guide for the student and practitioner, merits our warmest 
 and most decided praise. — Lor^don Medical Grazette. 
 
 HORNER'S ANATOMY. 
 
 SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. 
 
 BY WILLIAM E. HOKNEK, M. D., 
 
 Profesaior of Anatomy in thp University of Pennsylvania, &c..&c. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION. ' A ' 
 
 With many improvements and additions. In two 8vo. vols, of 1130 pages, with illustrations on wood. 
 
 It is altogether unnecessary now to inquire into the particular merits of a work which has been bo long be- 
 fore the profession, and is so well known as the present oiie } but in announcing a new edition, it is proper to 
 fitate thaHt has undergone sey-eral modifications, and has'been much extended, so as to place, it on a level 
 ■with the e'xisting advanced state of auaiothy. The histological portion has been remodelled arid rewritten 
 since the last edition ; numerous wood-cuts have been introduced, and .specific refe^nces are made .through- 
 out the work to the beautiful figures in the Anatomical Atlas, by I)r. H. H. ^milh.— The American Medical 
 Jeumal. '• 
 
 SMITH & HORNER'S ANATOMICAL ATLAS. 
 
 AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY. 
 BY HENRY H. SMITH, M. D., &c. 
 
 • UHDEK THE StJPERVISION OT 
 
 WILLIAM E. HORNER, M. D., 
 
 Professor of'Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In one large imperial octavo volume, with about 650 beautiful figures. 
 
 These figures are well selected, and present a complete and accurate representation of that wonderful 
 
 febric, the human body, "fhe plan of this Atlas, which renders it so peculiarly convenient for the student, 
 
 and its superb artistical execution, have been already pointed out. We must oongrntulatethe student upon 
 
 the completion of this Atlas, as it is the most convenient work of the kind that has yet appeared ; and we 
 
 must add, the very beautiful manner in which it is ' got up' is so creditable to the country, as to be flattering 
 
 to our national pride. — American MedicalJourmiii' , 
 
 MACLISE'S SURGJ^CAL ANATOMY. 
 
 Now Ready, Part I. of SURGICAL ANATOMY. 
 
 BY JOSEPH MACLISE, Surgeon. 
 
 To be complete, in Eight Parts, Imperial Quarto, with Eight Colored Plates and Sixteen Pages of 
 
 Letter-press each ,• forming, when complete, a large Imperial Quarto Volume, 
 
 ■With Sixty-four beautiful colored Plates, diawn on Stone, in the best style of ait. 
 
 Mr Maolise's work bids fair to redeem our country from the stigma of possessing, no original work on sur- 
 eical 'anatomy that could take rank in regard to completeness and beauty of execution with many continental 
 productions that mightbe named. We .particularly approve oif the manner m which the parts are brought into 
 view by a successiin of plates, no effort being made to show too much, but Ihqse parts opiy being displayed 
 which are brou->-ht into view at one time by a good dissection. Thus, as a guide to the dissector, these plates 
 will be far more valuable than such as endeavor to display the whole anatomy of a complicated region in 
 one or two drawings— Mr. Maclise has presented us with admirable delineations and excellent descrip, 
 lions— TheBritishand ForeignMedico-ChirArgicalRemew,lan\ian-,iB'l9. 
 
 It is and it musl be, unique, for the practical knowledge of the surgeon, the patience and skill of the dissector, 
 in combination with the genius of the artist, as.here displayed, have never before been, and perhaps neyer 
 will be again associated to a similar, extent in the same individua,l.— inmcef, December a, 1848. . 
 
 The drawines are executed with the skill of the most accomplished anatomist, and the coloring of the plates 
 is done in sucfi a manner as to reflect high credit on the iM\st.-Medical Times, April, 1849. 
 
3 USA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS— (PAymZpgjr.) 
 
 DUNGLISOU'S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 H U m A IM P H Y S I Q L O C Y. 
 
 WITH THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY ILLUSTRAflONS. 
 ' BY ROBLEY DtNGLIs6N/ if. i)., 
 
 PROFESSOB OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLBSEj PHELADELFHIA, ETC., ETC. 
 SIXTH EDITION, GREATLT iMPBOVED, 
 
 lii two large octsivo volumes, containing nearly 1350 pages. 
 
 It has long since taken^^ank as pneof;tbe .medical classics of pui language. 'To.^a^ that it is by far the best 
 text-book ofphysiology ever published in this country} is but echoing the general testitnouy of the profession. 
 — iV. Y. Journal of Medicine. ■ ' ■ v 
 
 .The most fuUand complete system of Physiology iji our language.-^ Western Lancet. 
 
 The most complete and satisfactory system of Physiology in the English language. — Amer. Med. Journal. 
 
 The best woy^ of the kind in the English language.— Swtmaw'a Journal. 
 
 We have', oh'ti^'o fbtmer occasions, brought this extfellent work under thenotice' of our readers, andWe 
 have now only-to say that, instead of falling behind inthe rapid march &f physiological science, each edition 
 brings it nearer to the van.^ — British and Foreign Medical Review^ 
 
 A review of such a well-known work would be out of place at the present time. We have looked over it, 
 and find, what we knew would be the case, that Dr. Dunglison has kept pace w^ith the science to which he 
 has devoted so much study, and of which he is one of the liviii^ ornaments. We recommend the work to the 
 medical student as a valuable text-bcrak, and to all inquirers into'Natural Science, as one, which will well 
 and delightfully repay perusal. — The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Jburhal. 
 
 CARPENTER'S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. 
 LATELY ISSUED. 
 
 A NEW, MUCH IMPROVED AND ENLARGED EDITION OF 
 
 THE PRIMCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 WITH THEIR CHIEF 4PPIICAT10N8 TO PATHOLOGT, HYGIENE, iNB TORENSIC MEDICINE. 
 
 BY WILLIAM 3- CAEPENTER, M. D., F, R. S., 
 
 Fullerian Prqfessor offEhysioIogy in the Roya)l Institul^c^ of GreatBritain ; author of « Elementa 
 
 of Physiology," '^ Principles of General and Gobparative Physiology," " Principles of 
 
 AnimE^. Phyeiololgy," &c. &C> 
 
 THIEC iUUERICAN FSOM THEliASTC LOncON EDITIOlT, 
 
 WITH HOTES AHD ADDITIONS BY 
 
 MEREDITH CL¥MER, M. D., 
 Consalfing Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, 8cc,, &c. 
 
 Containing 317 Wood-cnt and other Illustrations, 
 
 In one large and beantifally printed octavo volume of over seven hundred and fifty pages, strongly bound. 
 
 This incomparable y^i^.—JBiit' and. F^. Medical Revieip,, , ,^ 
 
 As a text-bookj it'has^een received into, all our ColIegeis,'aRd, fromacatefiil-periisal of this edition wc 
 can recommend ^tfo the student and to the profession at large, as the best exposition of the present condition 
 of Physiology*: w'liin'thdT reach. — N^ Y. Journal of Mediiinet- j ' ' -■ ' 
 
 The -work, as it'now stands, is the only treaiise on Physiolc^ in the 'English language, which exhibits a 
 clear and connected, and comprehensive view of the present cgn4itio;> of that science.— London and Edin- 
 burgh Monthly Journal. . ' .>: ' ■ ' ! ■ ' . 
 
 Xhe standard English treafiae on Physiology < — London Medical^ Gazette. 
 
 Dr. Carpenter's pjbductiohs justly' lioia the first rank in Physidlotyj and should be read by all who wish to 
 keep pace with the rsipid adVanceSw the study. — Southern medical and Surgicdl Journal. 
 
 Second-to no work exlant upon the subject of vyhich it treats.-- JiJ. and Ind; Medical and SwgicalJounmtj 
 
 We know of no work in oui- language from which the recent views bn Physiology can be so well obtaiued 
 noT any inwhich the subjfects'are so ably discussed. — St. J^ouis' Medical ahd Surgical Journal. '■ 
 
 ' Peculiarly adapted to the Medical Student.— Jlfetjical Examiner, 
 
 We have rauch satisfaction in declarintoUr opinion, that this work is the best systematic Ireallse on 
 Physiology in our oWn langaagCj and the best adapted^ the student in any languagc-^iUddia) Chururgical 
 Review. 
 
 A work to which there has b'eett none published of equal value in the department of which it treats.— 
 Dr. Black^s Retrospective Address. 
 
 From Professor Caldwell'^ qfLouisvilkf Ky. 
 
 "I have already recommended it, and will bontinuC to do so, to my class, as one of the richest and sotiitd- 
 
 «!' repositories of physiplogical knowledge now in the English or any other language I am capable of 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— iPAjstoZo^y.) 9 
 
 COMPENDIUM OP MULLER'S PHYSIOLOGY. 
 
 A MANUAL OlTPHYSrOLOGY, 
 
 FOR tHE US'fe OF STUDENTS. 
 BY WILLIAM SENHOUSE KIRiqeS, M. D., , 
 Assisted BY JAMES PAGET, 
 
 Lecturer on Gen'oTal Anatomy and Physiblogy in -St. Bartholoiriew's Hospital. 
 
 In One Haiidfiome Yolume,; Roy^l 12m(?., of FivQ,Hu?idjred,?bn,4,j^ifty Pages. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED WITH UPWARDS OF ONE HUNDRED WOOD, ENGRAVINGS. 
 
 This is. ceriainly, amost feble manual of .Physiology. ThCBtadem-wnifirid init,'not araeap:re outline, a 
 bare skeleton of the leading particulai^^iembraced in the science; but 'i'vety complete and accurate— though 
 at the same time, GonciBe-^account of thei facts and generally admitted principles of Phyaiolpgy ; forming an 
 admirable introduction to the study of that science, as well as a useful compendium for consultation by those 
 who are preparing for an examui4tion. ■ Tjiie whole, of the illustrations are very, excellent, and calculated 
 to render the description of the- objects they represent clear and precise. To those who stand in need of a 
 Manualof Physiology— and works of this deBcriplion have now become, in, a certain sense, indispensable 
 portions of the apparatus of study— we can v.erjr confi^dently recommend the present one as well for its com- 
 prehensiveness as for its general aLCcHYacy.— American Journal of the Medipal Sciences, April, 1649. 
 
 An excellent work, and for students one of the best within i&a.ch.— Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 A work very much'wanted, bringing modern Physiology more within the student's grasp than its prede- 
 cesttors; — DubHn Medical Press. ^ ■ ' ' 
 
 One of the best little books on Physiology which we possess.— Braitkiodite''s Retrospect". ' 
 
 The authors have succeeded in producing a work well adapted for students. — Monthly Journal and Retro- 
 spect of the Medical Sciences. "> J i •■ ', " ' 
 
 Farucularly adapted to those w(ho creJiteilo.'pbsseBS a concise digegtrof the facts of Human Physiology. — 
 British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg. Review. 
 
 One of the best treatises on Physiology whi<^can be piit into the hands of the student.— Xon£2on Medical 
 • GozBito, March, 1849. ■ ' : ■ ■ . ■ t ' :■ ; 
 
 We conscientiously recommend it to our readers as an admirable "Handbook, of Physipl^gy." — London 
 Journal o/Medicvn^e, . I ' 
 
 As an introduction to the study of the larger works, or as a reference for those who desit^e to "brush up" 
 their knowledge, we mbst cordially recommend the manual 6f Kirkes and Paget toi both practitioner and' Stu- 
 dent, with the firracdnvicliou that they will not be disappointed in the end they desire to attam.— TVie Medical 
 Examiner. 
 
 CARPENTER'S ELEMENTS. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF PHYSIOLctGY, 
 
 Including Physiological Anatomy.-r-For the use of the Medical Student. 
 
 BY WILLIAM B, CARPENTER, M. D., F. Ri S,, ;> 
 
 Fullerian Professor of Physiology in the Royal Tristitution of Great Britain, &c. 
 
 Tl^itli one hundred and eighty Illustrations* 
 
 In one octaTO volume of 566 pages. 
 
 Elegantly printed, to match his " Principles of Human Physiology," 
 
 The author has shown, singular skill in preserving so marked a line of distinction between, the present 
 Manual and tlie" Principles ot Physiology" previously publish^ by n'iih., They are both on precisely the 
 same subject ; but the one is neither a copy, not an abstract, noran *:abridgment of the other. In one thing, 
 however, they are exactly alik? — in their general excellence, and da their perfept adaptation to their respec- 
 tive purposes. — British and Foreign Medical Reuiew. 
 
 SOLLY ON_jrHE BRAIN. 
 
 THE HUMAN BRAIN; 
 
 ITS STRUCTURE, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DISEASES. 
 
 WITH A DESCaiPTION OF THE TYPiqAX FOBM OP THE BRAIN IN THE ANIlfAL EINODOU, 
 
 BY SAMUEL SOLLY, F. R. S., &c., 
 
 Senior Assistant Su^-geon to the St. Thomas' Hospital, &c. , 
 pkoai'th^ second, awd mtich enlarged l'ondon edition. 
 , In One Octavo Volume ; with One Hundred and Twenty Wood-outa. 
 The most complete account of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the brain that has hitherto ap- 
 peared. We earnestly advise all our professional hreUiien to enrich their libraries wi^ this admirable 
 treatise. — Medico-ChirurgieaiReoiew. >\ . > 
 
 HARRISON QN THE -J>fiERVES.— An Essay towards a correct theory of the Nervous Systepo., In one 
 
 octavo volume, 292 pages. 
 MATTEUCOI ON HVIN,G BErNGS.>rLBsfureson thp Physical Phenomena of Living Beings. Edited 
 
 by Pereira. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, with cuts— 388 pages. 
 EOGET'S PHYSIOLOGY^— A Treatise on Animal and Vegetable Physiology, with over 400 illustrations on 
 
 wood. In two octavo volumes, cloth. 
 EOGET'S OUTLINES.— Outlines of Physiology and Phrenology. In one octavo yolume, cloth— 516 pages. 
 ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN PHYSIOLOGY AND INTELLECTUAL SCIENCE. In bne 
 
 12mo. volume, paper, price 25 cents. 
 TODD & BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGY.— Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man. Withnum^rous 
 
 handsome wood-cuts. Three-fourths of this work have appeared in the JVIedica't News and Library ; the 
 
 conclusion may be expected this year, when those who have the commencement will be enabled to proct»e 
 
 the completion 
 
10 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS —CPotAoZoffy.) 
 
 WILLIAMS' PRINCIPLES— New and Enlarged Edition. 
 
 PRINCIPLES OF; MEDICINE; 
 
 Comprising General Pathology and Therapeutics, 
 
 AND A 
 
 Brief general view of Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Hygieniw. 
 BY CHARLES J. B. WILLIAMS, M. D., F. E. S., 
 
 Fellow of theBoyal Colleige of Physicians, &c. 
 
 Edited, with Additions, BY MEREDITH CLYMER, M. 0., 
 
 Consulting* Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, &c. &c. 
 
 THIRD AMBBICAN, FROM THE SECOND AND ENLARGED, LONDON EDITION. 
 
 In one volume, octavo, of 440 pages. 
 
 The best exposition in our languag-e, or, we believe, in any lan^uage^ of Rational Medicine, in its present 
 improved and rapidly improviDg state. — BrUishand Foreign Medico-'Ckirurg. Review. 
 
 We recommend every part of Dr. Williams* excellent Principles of Pathology to the diligent perusal of 
 every physician who is not familiar with the accessions which have been made to medical scienee ^vitbia 
 the last fewyears.— Western Journal of Medicine' and Sttrgery. 
 
 From Frofe^sor Thayer^ of Boston. 
 
 It fills th.e place for which it was intended better than any other work. 
 
 From, Professor §. H, Diskson, of New Yorls. 
 
 I shall be truly glad to know that a copy of it is in the hands of every member of our profession. As a 
 public teacher, I know not how I could dispense with it.^ 
 
 MANUALS ON TniJi^LobD AND URINE: 
 
 COIfSISTinQ OF 
 
 I. A Practical Manual, containing a description of the Genera), Chemical, and Microscopical Char- 
 acters of the Blood and Secretions of the Human Body, as vriW as of their compounds, including 
 both their healthy and diseased states; with the best method of separating and' estimating their 
 ingredients. Also, a succinct account of the various concretions occasionally found in the body, 
 and forming calculi. BY JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, M. D., F. L. S.^ &c, 
 
 II. On the Analysis of the Blood and Urine in health and disease, and on the treatment of Urinaiy 
 diseases. BY G. OWEN REESE, M. D., F. R. S., Sec. &c. 
 
 III. A guide to the examination of the Urine in health and disease, for the use of students. BT 
 ALFRED MARISJVICK. 
 
 The whole forming one large royal 12mo. volume, of four hundred and sixty pages. 
 With ahoiAt one hundred JigUTes on five plates. - . 
 
 Although addressed especially to. students, it contains almost all the information upon these matters which 
 the practitioner requires, — Dublin Medical Press. 
 
 The chemical processes recommended are simple, yet scientific ; and the work will be very useful to the 
 medical alumni for whom it is mtend6d.— Medical THmes.. 
 
 The author must be admitted to have attained his object in presenting; a convenient bedside companion. — 
 Dr. Ranking^s Abstract. 
 
 THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATDmTdF THE HUMAN BODY. 
 
 BY JULIUS VOaEL, M. D., &c. 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, WITH ADDITIONS, 
 
 BY GEORGE E. DAY, M. D., &c. 
 
 Illustrated by upwards of One Hundred Plain and Colored Engravings. 
 
 In one neat octavo volume. 
 
 It is decidedly the best work on the subject of which it treats, in the English language; and Dr. Day, whose 
 translation is well executed, has enhanced its value by a judicious selection of the most importaat fibres 
 from the atlas, which are neatly engraved.^TAe London Medical Gazette. 
 
 ALISON'S PATHOLOGY.— Outlines of Pathology and Practice of Medicine; containing Preliminaiy Ob- 
 servations, Inflammatory and Febrile Diseases, and Chronic or non-Febrile. Diseases. In one neat 8vo. 
 volume, pp. 420. 
 
 ABERCROMBIE ON THE STOMACH —Pathological ai^d Practical Researches on Diseases of the 
 Stomach, Intestinal Canal, &c. Fourth Edition. One small 8vo. volume, pp. 320. 
 
 ABERCROMBIE ON THE BRAIN.— Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain and 
 Spinal Cord. A new edition, in one small 8vo. volume, pp. 324. 
 
 BURROWS ON CEREBRAL CIRCULATION.— On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation, and on the 
 Connection between Affections of the Brain and Diseases qf the Heart, In oiieSvo. vol., with colored plates, 
 pp. 216. 
 
 BLAKISTON ON THE CHEST.— Practical Observations on certain Diseases of the Chest, and on the 
 Principles of Auscultation. In one volume, 8vo., pp. 384. 
 
 BILLING'S PRINCIPLES.— The First Principles'of Medicine. From the Fourth London Edition. In one 
 volume, 8vo., pp. 304. 
 
 BIRD ON URINARY DEPOSITS.— Urinary Deposits, their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Therapeutical Indi- 
 cations. In one volume, Svo., pp. 228. 
 
 HASSE'S PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY.— An Anatomical Descriptionof the Diseases of Respiration and 
 
 Circulation. Translated and Edited by Swaine. In one volume, 8vo., pp. 379. 
 HUGHES ON THE LUNGS AND HEART.— Clinical Introduction to the Practice of Ausculation, and 
 
 other modes of Physical Diagnosis. Intended to simplify the study of the Diseases of the Heart and Lungs, 
 ■-■^n one 12mo. volume, with a plate, pp. S70. 
 
 WALSHB ON THE LUNGS.— Physical Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Lungs. In one 12mo vol., pp. 310. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (ProcJtce o/Jfedtane.) 11 
 
 DUNGLISON'S PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. 
 
 ENLARGED AND IMPROVED EDITION. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE; 
 
 A TREATISE ON 
 
 SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 THIRD EDITION. 
 
 BY ROBLBY DUNGLISON, M. D., 
 
 Prqfessor of the Instituta qf Medicine in the Jefferson Medical Collegi ; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, Sfc. 
 In Two large Octavo Volumes of Fifteen HUndred Pages. 
 
 In Dr. Dungliaon's volumes, there is a kind of pervading exaQtpess on every page, that is at once 
 recognized ; and, in fact, the medical public has long since decided that implicit reliance may be 
 placed in any work which he permits to appear with his name upon the title-page. A third 
 edition of his treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics has just been published. ' It ha-s pass- 
 ed through so many careful examinations, and received so many improvements, under the vigilant 
 eye of the indefatigable man who first gave it existence, that it Would be an anomaly in medical 
 literature if it haid not grown better and better. The student of medicine will find, in these two 
 elegant volumes, a mine of facts, a gathering of precepts and advice from the world of experience, 
 that will nerve him with courage, and faithfully direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf- 
 ferings of the race. — Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Upon every topic embraced in the work the latest information will be found carefully posted up. 
 Medical Examiner. 
 
 Professor Dungliaon's work has rapidly passed to the third edition, and is now presented to the 
 profession as probably the most complete work on the Practice of Medicine that has appeared in 
 our country. It is especially characterized by extensive and laborious research, minute and accu- 
 rate pathological, semeiologieal, and therapeutical descriptions, together with that fulness of detail, 
 which is so important to the stadent. 
 
 The present edition has been considerably enlarged ; indeed the indefatigable author seems to 
 have explored all of the labyrinths of knowledge, from which important facts and opinions could be 
 gleaned, for the instruction of his readers. ' We cheerfully commend the work to those v?ho are not 
 already familiar with its merits. 
 
 It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any knowledge. There is scarcely a 
 disease which the student will not find noticed. — Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 One of the most elaborate treatises of the kind we have.^-SoutAern Medical and Surg. Journal. 
 
 The work of Dr. Dunglison is too well known, to require at our hands, at the present time, an 
 analysis of its contents. The call for a third edition within five years from the appearance of the 
 first, is, of itself, a sufficient evidence of the opinion formed of it by the'medical profession of our 
 country. That it is well adapted as a text-book for the use of the student, and at the same time as 
 a book of reference for the practitioner, is very generally admitted ; In both points of view, foj;' accu- 
 racy and completeness, it will bear a very advantageous comparison with any of the numerous co- 
 temporary publications on the practice of medicine, that have appeared in this country or in 
 Europe. The edition before us bears the evidence of the author's untiring industry, his familiarity 
 with the various additions which are constantly being made to our pathological and therapeutical 
 knowledge, and his impartiality in crediting the general sources from which his materials have 
 been derived. Several pathological affections, on^itted in the former editions, are inserted in the 
 present, while every portion of the work has undergone a very thorough revision. It may with 
 truth be said, that nothing qf importance that has been recorded since the publication of the last 
 edition, has escaped the attention of the author; the present edition may, therefore, be regarded 
 as an adequate- exponent of the existing condition of ;knowledge-on the important departments of 
 medicine of which it treats. — The American Journal tif the Medical Sciences. 
 
 The Physician cannot get a better wprk of the kind than this, and when he masters its contents, 
 he will have mastered all that such treatises can afford him. — Sf. Louis Med. S( Surg. Journal^ 
 June, 1848. 
 
 In the volumes befdre us, Dr. Dbnglison has proved that his acquaintance with the present facts 
 apd doctrines, wheresoever originating, is most extensive and intimate; and the judgment,^{(iU, an4 
 impartiality with which the materials of the work have been collected, weighed, arranged, and ex- 
 posed, are strikingly manifested in every chapter. Great c'are is everywhere taken to indicate the 
 source of information, and under the head of treatment, formulae of the most appropriate remedies 
 are everywhere introduced. In conclusion, we congratulate the students and junior practitioners 
 of America on possessing in the present volumes a work of standard merit, to which they may con- 
 fidently refer in their doubts and difficulties. — Brit, and For. Med. Review. 
 
 Since the foregoing observations were written, we have received a second edition of Dunglison's 
 work, a sufficient indication of the high character it has already attained in America, and justly 
 attained. — Ibid. 
 
 DAY ON OLD AGE— Now Ready. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT AND MORE IMPORTANT 
 DISEASES OF ADVANCED LIFE. 
 
 With an Appendix, containing a series of cases ilinstrative of a new and successful mode of treating 
 Lumbago, and other forms of Ohronic Rheumatism. 
 
 BY GEORGE E. DAY, M. D. In One Octavo Volume.^ 
 
 A more satisfactory and truly rational train of excellent suggestions have not been ushered into being for 
 along time than are contained in this work. — Boston, Med, 4* Surg, Journal, 
 
12 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS— (Prort ice g/'ilfedtcme,) 
 
 WATSON'S PEAOTIOE OF MEDIOINE— New Edition. 
 
 ■ TT'fTTIRF'SON THE 
 
 PRINCIPLES AND PRilCTICE OF PHYSIC. 
 
 DELIVERED AT KING^S COLLEGE, LONDON, 
 
 BY THpMAS WATSON, M,D., &o. ^c. 
 
 I'hird Axaerican, from the last London Edition. 
 
 REVISED, WITH ADDI^EIONS, BY D. EEANOIS CONDIE, M. D., 
 , : Author of a Work on the ^' Diseases of Children," &c. 
 
 In One Octavo Volume, 
 Of nekriy ELEVEN HUNDRED LAEGrE FAG^ESj strongly botihd with raised b^nds. 
 
 To say that it is the- very best work on the subject now extant, is but to echo the sentiment of the medibsl 
 pTeBs\hroag\io\it itie c'ounlTy. ~'N. O. Medical J(mrnul. 
 
 Of the text-books, recently republifehed Watson is very justly the principal favorite.— JSbfowM* B^ortto 
 Nat. Med. Asfoc. ,,..■, , j ' ■ : , : 
 
 By uajt^yerpal consent the work ranks among the very best tezt'books in our language.— 722. and Ind.Jaed. 
 Journals ' ., , '"' ' ' 
 
 Regarded on allhands as'one of the very best, if not thevery best) sys'tieraatic treatise oin practical me^- 
 cine extant J— Sti houis Med. Journal. , i 
 
 Confessedly one of .the very best works on the principles and pra&tice of physic in the English or any other 
 language. — Mkd. Examiner. ^ ' .. 
 
 As a text-book it has no equal; as a compendium of pathology and practice no superior.-;— y. T. Annalist. 
 
 We know of no work better calcnlated for bbing placed in the bands' of the studewt, And for a text-book. 
 On every important point the author seems to have posted up his knowledge to the Asy. —A^ner. Med-.'Journat. 
 
 One of the most practically useful books that evfcr was presented to the stUdent^inideed^a'more admirable 
 summary of general and special pathology, and of the application of therapeutics tq diseases, we are free to 
 say, has not appeared for very many years. The lecturer proceeds through llje whole classiiic^tion of human 
 illS, a capite ixd talcetfij ^oyv'mg a,t^every step an extensive, knowledge of his subject, with the ability of com- 
 municating' his preciseideas in a style remarkable fdrits clearness and simplicity^ — N.Y. Journal of Medi' 
 cine and Surgery. ' ■ * , 
 
 A- careful examination of this volume has s&tisfied us that it merits all the commendation bestowed ;on it iiti 
 th^s country and. at home. It is a work adapted, to the w^nts of young practitioners, combining, as it j3oesj 
 sound prihcipIeB and substantial.pT?actice. U is not too much to say that it ie^a representative of the actual 
 s(alb of meUicine as taught and practised byibe inost eminent physi'cian^ of the pi^sent da^, and as such w^ 
 would advise every one about embarking in the practice of physic to proyidb niinself wiih- a copy of it. — 
 Western Joumai of Medicine and Sitrgery. ■. ' ^-^ t ; , 
 
 We have for several years considered thi^. one of the best works extant on the Principles and Practice of 
 iVIedicine. Its style is adapted to all classes of readers, and the views of the author are sound and practical. 
 —Mb. Med. and Surg..fournaV - , , - , , ■ 
 
 Whoever owns'this book will have ah acknowledged treasure, if the combined wisdom of the liighest au- 
 thorities is appreciated.— iBofftonJWed.' and fifwrg-. Jbtirna^. ,! ' 
 
 It has now become, beyond all question, the standard work on the subject of which it treats; it is in the 
 hands of every physiciiin, surgeon, and senior medical student in every country in which the English lan- 
 guage .is. spoken ; it.ljas passed scathless, through the perils of criticism.. Never, within the memory ,of aUthois 
 or publishers, ha^a.medical work in two thick octstvo volumes attained the ehorinous circulation of Watson'^ 
 Lectures, a third edition having been called for within the space of flvfe years, and being, we believd, Already 
 nearly 'exhausted; and, in addition to this, it must be recollected that these lecture's also appeared in the Medi- 
 cal Gazette, and have, been re[>rinled in America. , We, mention theflefacta aaaSbrding a sufiicientreason 
 why, in .attempting to do tardy justice to the merits of tMs work, our notice of it will, be comparaliyely brief. 
 A woi^k that has passed through so many editions, and thatis already so widely diffused through t^Bj profes- 
 sion, is in one point of view, tliat is to say, in so far as any opinion of ours can irifliience its popularity, be- 
 yond the'critic's ^iovint^.— Edinburgh Mbhthly Journal (Xnd Retrospect' ts^ihe Medical Sciences. 
 
 Much Enlarged Slditiou of BARTrBTT OX FEVERS. 
 
 THE HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT 
 
 I OF THE ■, , , , . , 
 
 FEYEHS OF THE TJNITEI) STATES. 
 
 BY ELISHA BARTLETT, M.D., 
 
 Professor of| the Theory and Practice of I*hysic in the Medical Department of Transylvania University, &c. 
 In One Octavo Volume of 550 Pages, 
 
 Efeautifully ptintpd and strongly bound. 
 
 We regard it, from the' eXaminu'tlbn We have made of it, the best work on fever extant in our languiElge* 
 and as such cordially recommend it to the medical public. — St. Louit Med. a^d Surg. Journal.' ' ^ '■ 
 
 The most complete, methodical, and' satisfactory accoiint of our fevprs anywhere to be met with. — Charles- 
 ton Med. yourn- and Review, 
 
 CLTMER AlSTD OTHERS ON rEVERS. 
 
 FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENL 
 
 'PREPARED AND EDITED, WITH 1LAR6E ADDITIONS, 
 
 PROM THE ESSAYS ON MVEE IN arWEEDIE'S LrBRAET OP PRACTICAL MEDICIHE, 
 
 BY JVIBREDITH CLYMER, M.D. 
 
 ^ In One Octavo Volume of Six Hundred Pag^s. 
 
 One of the best worts we have on fevers, and especially adapted to the wants of the American physician. 
 -'III. and Ind. Med, and Sutg. Journal. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (Pracfi^eo/ATe^icj^e.) 13 
 
 THE GREAT MEDICAL LIBRARY. 
 THE CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE; 
 
 COMFKISinO 
 
 Treatisea on the Nature and Treatment of diseases, Mateiia Medica, and Tbera- 
 pentic)s, Diseases of Wotaen and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c< ,&c. 
 
 BblTED BY ' ' ■ ■ "' 
 
 JOHN FORBES, M. D., P. R. S., ALEXAIfDER TWEEDIE, M. D., F. R. S., 
 AND JOHN CONNOLLY, M. D. 
 
 Revised, whh Additions, i . > ^ ' 
 
 BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D. 
 
 THI§ W0:5K IS NOW COMPLIETE, AND FORMS EOtTR LATHEE SUPEK-HOYAL OCTAVO VOLUMES, 
 
 Containing Thirty-two Hundred and Fifty-^four unusuiilly lai-ge Pages in Double CofuWina, Printed on 
 Good Paper, with a new and clear type, , , 
 
 THE WHOLE WELL AND STRONGLY BOUND, WITH EAISED BANDS AND DOUBLE TITLES. 
 
 Or, to "be had in Ttventy-four Parts. , ' 
 
 This work oontaih.s no less than , ^ 
 FOUR HUNDjiEI) ^ND EIGHTEEN DJESTINCT TREATISES, 
 BY SIXTY-EIGHT DISTINGUISHED PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The most complete work on Practical Medicihe extant; or, at least, in our language. — Buffalo Medical 
 and Surgical Journal. 
 
 For reference it is above all price to every practitioner. — Westenn Laneet. 
 
 One of the most valuable medical' publicaiions of the day — as a w^ork: of reference it ia 'invaluable'.-^ ' 
 Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.^ .1 ,. ,,.;■. ^, 
 
 It has, been to us, both_ as learner and teacher, a work for ready and frequent referenoeyone in which 
 modern English medicihe is exhibited in the most advantageous light.— Afed-tcaw! Mxcmrnier. ' ■^ 
 
 We rejoice that this work is to be placed within the reaSi of the profession in this oountry, it being unques- 
 tionably one of very great value to' the practitioner. This estimate of it has noiibp,enfornied.from a hasty ex- 
 amination, but after aii intimate acquainiahce derived from frequent eonsuUaiiOnofit during the past nine or 
 ten years. The editors are practitioners of established reputation, and the list of conlributors enlJbraces many 
 of the most eminent professors and teachers'of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and, Glasgow. It is, indeed, the 
 greatmerit of this work thav the principal articles have been furnished by practitioners w^ho have not only 
 devoted especial attention to the diseases about in^hich they have written, huthave also enjoyedopportunities 
 for an extensive practical acquaintance with theni, — and whose reputation carries the assuraJnce; of their 
 corapetBficyjustly to appreciate the opinions of others, while it stamps their owndoctrines with high and just 
 authority. — American Medical Journal. 
 
 WILLIAMS ON EBSFIEATORY ORG-AWS. 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISe"oN DISEASES OF THE 
 
 RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 
 
 INOLUDIWG- DISEASES OF THE LARYNX, TRACHEA, LUNGS, 'AND PLEURA, 
 BY CHARLES J. B. WILLIAMS, M. D,, &c. 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONS AND NOTES, 
 
 BY MEREDITH CLYMEjl, M. D, ,,, 
 
 With wood-cuts,, la one octavo volume, with 508 pages. i 
 
 BENEDICT'S CHAPMAN.— Cbrapeiidium of Chapman's Leetnres on the Practice of Medicine. One neat 
 
 volume, 8vo., pp. 258 ■ r: , ' ' '';''• 
 
 BUDD ON THE LI VER^^On Diseap^s offthe Liver. In onci very neat Svo. voL, with colored plates and 
 
 wood-cuts, pp. 393. 
 CHAPMAN'S LECTURES.— Lectutes on Fevers, Bropsy, Gout, Rheumatism, &,a, &c. In one neat 8vo. 
 
 volume, pp. 450. "' ■ ' *■"' ' 
 
 ESQUIROL ON INSANITY.— Mental Maladies, considered in relation to Medicine, Hygiene, and Medical 
 
 Jurisprudence. Translated by -B.K. Hunt, M. D., &o. In one 8vo. volume, pp. 496. 
 THOMSON ON THE SICK ROOM.-^Domestic management of the sict Room, necessary in aid of Medi(!!^l 
 
 Treatment for the cure of Diseases. Edited by R. E. Sriffith, M. D. In one large royal lamo. volume, with 
 
 wood-cuts, pp. 360. 
 HOPE ON THE HEART.— A Treatise on the DiseaBes^of the Heart and Gteat Vessels. Edited by Pea- 
 
 nocfc. In one volume, 8vo-., with plates, pp. 572. 
 LALLEMAND ON SPERMATORRHCEA.— The Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Spermatorrhtsa. 
 
 Translated and Edited by Henry J. McDougal. In one volume, 8vo., pp. 320. 
 PROUT ON THE STOMACH.— (3)n the Jfature and Treatpent of Stonjaoh- and- Renal Diseases. In one 
 
 volume, Svo., with colored plates, pp': 466. \ ,. ' . 
 
 PHILIP ON INDIGESTION.— A "treSBse on Protracted Indigestion. In one volume, 8vo., pp. 210. 
 PHILIPS ON SCROFULA.— Scrofula!; its Nature, its prevalenoej its Cause^j.and the Principles of its 
 
 Treatment. In one volume, Svo., vfith.a plate, pp. 350. 
 WHITEHEAD ON ABORTION,. &o.— The iCaases and Treatment of Abortion 'and Steriljty ; being the 
 
 Result of an Extended Practical Inquiry into the Physiological and Morbid Conditions of the Uterus.^ Iji 
 
 one volume, SvOf, pp; 868. '1 ' "■.". ' ' "■ ; ' " ' ,'';'''' ,',' ',",'/' ,'''f' 
 
 BENNET ON THE UTERUS:— A Practical Treatise on Inflamniatipn, Ujceration, and Induration. of the 
 
 Neck of the Uterus. In one small 12ino., volume, pp. 14fi, , ,'., 
 
14 LEA (fe BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS —(JlfaJeria ilfedico, (J-c.) 
 
 ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATERIA HEDIGA. 
 THE XiXiEXKEEirTS 
 
 OF MATERIA MED£GA AND THERAPEUTICS. 
 
 COMPRE'HENDING THE NATURAL HISTORY, PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION. 
 
 EFFECTS, AND USES OF MEDICJNES. 
 
 BY JONATHAN PEEEIRA, M. D., F. R. 8. and L. S., 
 
 Member of the Society of Pharmacy at Paris; Examiner in Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University 
 of London J Lecturer on Materia Medica at the London Hospital, &c. Sec. 
 
 Second American Edition, Enlarged and Improved.! 
 
 WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS, BY JOSEPH CARSON, M. D. 
 
 In two volumes octctvo, containing Fifteen Hundred very lar'gepages^ illustrated by Two hundred and 
 
 Seventy Jive Woodcut^. -, . 
 
 Notwithstanding the large size of this work, an^ the immense quantity of matter contained in its 
 closely printed pages, it is offered at a price so low as to place it within the reach of all. 
 
 An Encyclopeedia of knowledge in that department of medical science—by the common consent of the pro- 
 fession the most elaborate and scientific Treatise on Materia Medica in our language. — Western Journal of 
 Medicine and Surg^y. ' , , ' j., . . . ' 
 
 This EncyclopEBola of Materia Atedica, for such it may justly be entilltjd, gives the fullest and moft ample 
 exposition of Materia Medico, and its Associate branches of any work heretofore published in t^e English lan- 
 guage.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 The work will be found an invaluable storehouse of information fqr the physician and medical teacher, and 
 w& congratulate the profession of this country that it is now placed within theii" reach.— ^mer. Med. Journal. 
 
 An autliorilaiive and unerring pharmacological guide.— Medical Examiner. 
 
 Any quotations, from a work so well known as this, and w^hich has deservedly become one of the .highest 
 authority in the department of medical science to which it relates, would be Superfluous. The untiring in- 
 dustry of the author; and his extensive researches into the medical literature of every country, are injpressed 
 upon the mind of the reader in each page of the volume. Not a fact of aiiy importance, bearing directly or 
 indirectly upon his subject, is allowed by the author to escape. ^All sire chronicled with' accuracy a'n4or,der; 
 and, instead of the dry history of a drugi the reader finds himself instructed in philology, natural history, bota- 
 ny, physiology, or chemistry; so that he can seldom refer for informatioh'on one point without acquiring some 
 knowledge on others which had hitherto escaped his notice. This wort shows that Dr. Pereira is not only 
 an extensive reader,'but a practical man. He has studiously entjeavbred to bring the present edition up to 
 ihe-scientjfic level of the day, and m this we need hardly say he has eucce'edea.— ^Lo^don Me^. Gazette. 
 
 Beyond dispute, the best work on Materia Medica. — Lancet, April, 1849. 
 
 The work will be found an invaluable storehouse of information for the pliysician arid medical teacher, and 
 we congratulate the profession of this country that it is now placed within their reach.- .4mer. Med. Journai. 
 
 ELLIS'S MEDICAL FORMULARY. Improved Edition. Now Ready. 1849. 
 
 THE MEDICAL~ FORMULARY: 
 
 BEING A COLLECTION OF PKESCTRIPTIONS, DERIVED FRO VI THE WHITINGS AN* PRACTICE OF MANY OF THE MOOT 
 EMINENT PHYSICIANS OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENPIX* r- 
 
 CONTAINING THE USUAL DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 
 THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF PHARMACEUTIC AND MEfilCAL OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M. D., 
 
 NINTH EDITION, CORRECTED AND EXTENDED, 
 
 BY SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, M.D. 
 
 In one neat octavo volume, of 268 pages. 
 
 In preparing the new edition of this popular and valuable, work, great care has been taken to bring it up to 
 the advanced.scienc^ of ^? ^^y,* '^'^® ^'^^ *^f ^^^ P^S^ has been increased, thus enlarging the work without 
 extending its bulk, while the price is kept at the former rate. A chapter has been added on Ether and Chlo- 
 roform, the subject of jioisOns has been rewritten and enlarged, and many new formulas interspersed through- 
 out the volume. •' 
 
 WVWWWSrt.'V/WS/V^ 
 
 DUNGLISON ON NEW KBMEDIES. 
 NEW EDITION. 
 
 NEW REMEDIES, 
 
 BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., &c. &c. 
 
 Fifth edition, with extensive additions. Inane neat Octavo volume, 
 
 work like tl 
 disp 
 adm 
 scribed, the doses, mode of administratfonj'&c— jTAe Medical Esiaminer. 
 
. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATrONS-(Jfa«erfa.!lfec?ica,<J-c.) 15 
 
 CBHISTISOJV X GRIFFITWS nrSPEJVS^TORV, JVow Ready. 
 
 A DISPENSATORY, 
 
 OR 
 
 COMMENTARY ON THE PHARMACOPCEIAS OF GREAT BBITAIN 
 AND THE UNITED STATES: 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 THE NATURAL HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, ACTIONS, USES 
 
 AND DOSES OF THE ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 BY ROBERT CHRISTISON, M.D., V.P.R.S.E., 
 
 PUKSIDENT OF THE ROYAL COLIJHJE OF PHYSICIANS OF EDINBDBGH, PjBOFESSOK OF MATERIA MEBICA IH THE 
 UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, ETC. 
 
 Second Edition, Revised and improved, 
 WITH A SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING 'i?HE MOST IMPORTANT NfiW REMEDIES. 
 
 WITH COPIOUS ADDITIONS, 
 
 AND TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTEEN LARGE WOOD ENGRAVINGS, 
 
 BY B. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D., 
 
 AUTHOR or "a medical botawy," etc- 
 Jn One very large and handsome Octavo Vohm^ of ov^i- One Thousand, closely printed Pages, .unlk 
 > ! mmierotis Wood-cutSy btautifuUy- printed^ on fine white paper. 
 
 Presenting an immense quantity o{. piatter at an unusually low piice-. 
 
 It is enough to saythatit appears lo us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present state of pharmaceuti- 
 cal science^ could be madp. Tfitpmiis any deiails pertaining to this branch of knowledgewhich the student 
 has aright to expect in such a !W6rk, we confess the omission has escaped our scrutiny. We cordially 
 cecommend this work to such of bur readers as are in need of a Dispensatory. They cannot make choice bf 
 a better. — The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 In coucluslon, we need scarcely say Jhat we strongly recommepd this work to all classes of our readers. 
 As a Dispensatory and commentary on the Pharmacopceias, it is unrivalled in the English or any other lan- 
 guaige: — The Dublin Quarterly Journal. . * 
 
 We earnestly recommend Dr. Christison's Dispensatory to all our readers, as an-indispensable companion, 
 not in the Study only, but in the Surgery also.-^SniMA and Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 It is exactly xhe work we would give, to the student for daily reading, or to the practitioner for regular refer- 
 ence. Withoilt being encutnbered with unnecessary detail or research, it is sufficiently expl icit m its litera- 
 ture to render it an am^ple ehcyclopcedia of' iis subject; and at. the same time, its practical information is so 
 condensed and summary, yet without a sacrifice of even the least important fact, that to the student it cannot 
 but be a text-book invaluable in its kind. Had we said less concerning this volume' we should have been 
 'wanting in common di^ty ; but it is^ not necessary that we should say more to.convince our readers that we 
 consideT.it to be the best English work extant aponthe.spbject it embraces.^^ilferfwarSwies'. ' '' ■ 
 
 There is not in any language a more complete and perfect Tfe'atise,— iV. Y. Annalist. ' 
 
 As nearly complete as possible— a work of great authority and usefulness.— CAaries/on Medical Journal. 
 
 Oneofthestandardsof iheday, and as such must meet the favor' it deserves.— :4w. Jour, of the Med. Sciences, 
 
 In advance of most that has been w^ritten on the subject — Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 As perfect as such an undertaking can well be. — Southern Mtdical and Surgical Journo.l.,s 
 
 We-^an heartily recommend this work ac one of i he very best of itp kind. — Northwestern Medical Journal. 
 
 It should occupy a conspicuous place in the bureau of every physician and apothecary .rr-iV^ O. Medical and 
 Surgical Journal. i 
 
 The most accurate, the best arranged, and the cheapest work of the kind.-rLoniioft anA Edinburgh Jour- 
 nal of Medical Science. ' '\.. : ^ ' y . 
 
 To those who do not possess Wood ^ Bache. we would say procure Christison ^ Griffith; and to those who 
 do posses^s the former, that il would be well to procure the latter as soon as convenient;.— >S^ Louis Medicai 
 and Surgical Journal. , 
 
 From Prpfessar Rayburn, of St. Louis,, ., , . . 
 
 ^ The most valuable, in my opinion,'of all the Dispeiisatories yet published. 
 
 DUNGLISON'S THERAPEIJTICS.; New and much Improved Edition. 
 
 GENERAL THERAlPEUTiOS~AND MATERIA MEDIGA. 
 
 With One Hundred and Twenty Illustrations. 
 ADAPTED FOR A MEDICAL TEXT-BOOK. 
 
 BY EOJ^IiBY DUJiTGLISON, M. D., 
 
 Professor of Institutes of Medicine, &c. in Jetferson Medical College ; Late Professor of Materia Meditia, &e. 
 in the Universities of Virginia and Maryland, and in Jeiferson Medical College. 
 
 ::Third edition, revised and improved, in two octavo volumes, vrell bound. 
 
 The most complete and satisfactory exponent, of the existing state of Therapeutical Science, vrithin the 
 moderate limitSipf a text-book, .of any hitherto published. — N. Y.Jtmimalaf Medicine, 
 
 Ourjunior brethren in America wrill find in these volumes of Professor Dunglison, a"THESAnKusMEDiCA- 
 MiNuM," more valuable than a large purse pfeold. — London Medico'Chirur^cal Review. 
 
 No medical student on eilher side of th.eA'tIantic should be v^ithont these volumes. — Sritish and Foreign 
 Medical Review. 
 
16 LEA & BLAN CHARD'S PUBLIuATl!UJNS.—(Jiffl(ertailfe<fica,^.) 
 
 ROYLE'S MATERIA HEDICA. 
 
 MATERIA IVIEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; 
 
 INCLUDING THE 
 
 Frepaiations of the Fhamacopoeias Qf, London, EdinMrgh, Dnblin, and of the United States. 
 
 WITH MANY NEW, MEDICINES. 
 
 BY J: FORBES EOYLE, W. D., F. R. S., 
 
 Professor of Materia Meclica and Ther-apeutics, Eing^s College, London, &c. &c. 
 
 ' ' ;'^^: , EDITED BY JOSEPH CAHSON, M. D.,' ' ' ' ' ' '' ''^ ^'^' 
 Prbfess6ir of Matefia Medica in the Philadeli)hlaColIege of Pharmacy, &c. &c. 
 
 . ' ' WITH NINETY-EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 In one lai^e octavo volumej of about Seven Hundred Pages. 
 
 Being one of the most beautiful Medical works puj^lished iu this Country. 
 
 This work, '^y indeed, a most valuable onie, and will |^1 up an important v^pancy that existed between Dr. 
 Pereiria's most' learned and'eoiriplete system of Materia Medica, a^d the class bfproiiubtions on the other ex- 
 treme, which are necessarily iiiipf^fect.fi;om ih^ir sm^Jl extent — Britj^i an^ Foreign Medical Review. 
 
 Of the various works on the' plan of the-one befBrfeua, there is'none more deserving of commendation. 
 Every one. who can afford |t,, should possess thjis-exoeiient ViOT^^r— Medical Exarninex.. 
 
 We canhot'too'Kighly'fe'coifiraend this valuable work^bbthto (He student and practitioner.— SowiAern Jour- 
 nal of Medicine and Fhcfmavy . ; . , ■ . T' ■ I ' t^' 
 
 This work is ably done— thfri^totanical part with great Skill ; and the ichemical, 'natural history, and thera- 
 peutic department most perfect and complete-^^^cfinfeftfl^A iWetficoi JoM?-«ai. 
 
 The subject is well treated, the, matter prac^(ial- and well arranged, and we do not hesitate to recommend it 
 as a most useful volume to the student and practitioner. — Medical Gazette. '' 
 
 The wood engravings by wAhich the cry stale j the vegetable products, ahd'the medicinal animals are illus- 
 trated, are better than anything hitherto attempted in Materia Medica, and must prove a great assistance to 
 the student, appealing" ets tl^ey dd^^more ^werfully to'the miindlhahthei rhost careful verbal descriptions 
 taken alone could , do.— X,Q!m;ei. ^ , ,, i r , , 
 
 Each Bubsi,anceis cbnsidered in yefererice to its history, its'physical and chemical properties,, preparations, 
 tests, actionj uses, and doses. All of these are briefly sketched'in a concisi^j and laci& manner, and in a way 
 to show that a master-hand was employed in the task.- iV. O. Medical and Surgical Journal' 
 
 J^EU^^jyO COJapXiETE JOEJOIC^Ij E0TAJS*\*. J^aUly ^uhlUhed, 
 
 MEBICAlT BOTANY, 
 
 OR, A DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE MORE IMPORTANT PLANTS USED IN MEDICINE, Ap 
 OF THEIR PROPERTIES, USES, AND MODES OF ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 BY R. EGtESFEtD GRIFFITH, M. D., &c. &c. 
 
 In oiie large octavo Volume, of 704 pages, handsomely printe^j with nearly three hundred and fifly 
 
 illustrations on wood. ' ' 
 
 f 
 
 By farlhe most comprehensive and complete Work upon the subject which has been issued fromthe Ame- 
 rican press, filling a great vacancy in the medical literature of the country.— U(. 4" Jnd.' Med. tmd Siirg. Tour. 
 
 An admirable work. — Boston Medical and'SurgicalJournal. ' ' ' , i; t ■ 
 
 One.of tlie greatest acquisitions to American medical literature. It should by all means be introduced at 
 the very earliest period, into our medical aohools, and occupy a place in the library of every physician in the 
 land. — Southwestern Medical Advodate: ' '■ • 
 
 Admirably calculated for the physician and student— we have seen no work which promises greater ad- 
 vantages to the profession. — IV: O. Medical and Surgidal Journal, 
 
 One of the few books which supply a positive deficiency in our medical literature. — Western Lancet. 
 
 "VVe hope |he day is not distant when thife work willnot only be a text-book in every medical school and 
 college in the Union, but find a-place in the libraryiof every private practitioner.- JV. Y. Jonr. of Medicine. 
 
 GRIFFITH'S UNIVERSAL FORMXri,ARY.— To be Ready in Augiist 
 
 THE UNIVERSAL FORMULARY; 
 
 A SYNOPSIS OF TkE PHARMACOPCEIAS, DISPENSATORIES, AND FORMULARIKS OF 
 
 EUROPE AND AMERICA* 
 
 With numeroua .Magisterial Formulas from various sources. 
 
 BY E,. E. GRIFFITH, M. D., &c. &c., 
 
 , Aulhp^ of "Medical Botany," &e..&.c. 
 In one octavo yolume. 
 Tills work is intended to embracd all (Hatis of practical inipottanee in the numerous Pharmacopoeias, Porm- 
 ularieSj a;id Dispensatories of Europe and pf this country, as Well as such formulas as appeared deserving of 
 notice m the Medical Jou^nals, Treatises.pf Medicine,, &c. &c,, together with many others derived from pri- 
 vate sources, which have never been hitherto published. It will therefore include all that is really useful in 
 Redwood's Edition of Gray's Supplemenlltailhe PharniaeopcBias, in iloiirdan's Pharmaoopteia, and the several 
 works of Ellis, Fee, Paris, Thomson, Beasley, Cotlereau, Cooley, Bouchardat, &;c. As, in accordance with 
 its title of a UniversaPFormulary it will not be confined solely to medical formulas, the publishers hope that 
 the numerous scientific receipts enibraced, will render'it of imuchpractical importance to the Cueiust and 
 Manufactusbe. It will contain '' 
 
 UPWARDS OF SIX THOUSAND FORMULAS, 
 alphabetically arranged, with copious indexes, pointing out the diseases in which the preparations are to be 
 used, &c. &c., and thus combining the advantages of all the different modes of arrangementahd reference. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S FVBLtCATlONS.— {Materia Medwa, (f-c.) 17 
 
 TSohx, lledwood, and Procter's Pharmacy. Now keady. 
 
 PBAC;TICAL~PHARMACY. 
 
 COMPRISING THE ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, AND MANIPULATIONS OF THE 
 PHARMACEUTICAL SHOP AND LABORATORY. 
 
 BY FRANCIS MOHR, Ph. D., 
 
 Assessor PharmacitB of the Bflyal Prussian Qollegc of Medicine, Coblentz. 
 
 AND THEOPHILUS REDWOOD, ,. - ,, 
 
 Professor of Pliarmacy in Uie Pliarmaceulical Society of Great Britain. 
 EDITED, WITH EXTENSIVE ADDITIONS, 
 
 BY PROF. WM. PROCTER, Jr., 
 
 ij Ofilhe PhUad&lphia College. bf, Pharmacy. .1, >' 
 
 In OnCi handsomely printed Octavo Vplumej of Five Hundred and Seventy Pages,, -with over 
 600 beautiful Engravings -on Wood, 
 
 In presenting the work of Mohr and Redwood to the American; Pharmaceutical public, it is un- 
 der the impresaion tiiat the want of a treatise on the apparatus and manipulations of Practical Phar- 
 macy has long been felt. The Pfadtice' of Phapiiacy, as conducted in England and in the United 
 Statee,is sufficiently alike to render this work appropriate as a handbb.okfor the American Apoth- 
 eoary ; and the eminence of the authors in their respective countries, is a guarantee of the value ot 
 th« information it contains. In passing through the hands of the Editor, the book has been 
 increased more than one-fourth id size, about one hundred wood-cuts have been added, the 
 arrangement of the subjects materially changed, and the work divided into chapters, each of which 
 includes either one distinct subject, or. several that have a certain gen eric, relation to each other. 
 One subject sought by thei:hange of arrangement has been to fit the wdrk as a text-book for the 
 Editor's class in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, aa far iia its nature will admit, and some of 
 the additions have been made with a'vicsw tb the same object. — Editor's Preface. ' 
 
 After a careful examination of this treatise, we have no hesitation in giving it our strongest recommenda- 
 tipn, as excellent both in matter ahd manner. The whole of it is marked by a clear sense of the objects to be 
 -gained, by ingenuity in devising means for their accompUshinent,,and by a facility in explanation which, ren- 
 ders every description at once intelligible. The wood engr8.King8 are of.first-rale, execution, and are so pro- 
 fusely scattered through the volume as to leave nothing to be desired in the way of illustration. As we do 
 not address ourselves to the mere pharinaceutist, we shall not speak of the special adaptation of the work ,to 
 his wants ; but shall simply say that every medical practitioner who has anything to.<& with chemical pro- 
 ceases, whether in the study of chemical pathology, or in the preparfeiiion and dispensing of medicines, will 
 find in ilanumber of valuable Hints,, conducive Eilike to tjie saving of labor, and to the,more effectual perform- 
 ance of his operations. Nearly the whole of the latter division has been supplied by Mr. Redwood ; and it 
 thus possesses the advantage of being in every wa;^ adaptedto the requirement? of the English dispenser, 
 whilst it furnishes the results of a much more extensive practical acquaintance with the subject, thain our 
 professional Writers on Materia Mediea dnd Pharmacology can be expected to possess. — The British and 
 foreign dH&iico-Chirurgicallleview. ' ' 
 
 The work is original in its design, and complete in its execution. The most minute details are described 
 with great accuracj^;- and the illustrations are so well executed and,so numerous^ that a cursory inspection 
 of the work is sufficient (to convince the reader of its great practical utility. It is a kind of work for which 
 there has lon§; been a dem,and in this country, comprising a very complete account of all pharmaceutical 
 operations, with the various modes of conducting theni, as well as the apparatus. — Pharmaceuticdl Journal. 
 . -^Chis workwill prove of great yalue to the English pharmaceutical cliemist, as it contains a large amount 
 of valuable information relating to every department of his business. Every person engaged in the pharma- 
 ceutical profession should attentively read this Chapter; and we are sure that those who follow the rules 
 here laid down, will conduct the dispensary business in the best way, and consequently with the greatest 
 accuracy and dispatch. The wood engravings in the book are well executed.— iii^^ipa? Tii?ie^. 
 
 It isdn all respects well qualified for the purpose'prbposed.- It presents, in a sensible and j udicious foim, all 
 the requisite information as to the details of conducting the businessof chemist, druggist, and apothecary, and 
 will be found a most useful and indispensable guide in the laboratory and manufactory. The volume is alto- 
 
 f ether one of great and indispensable utiSity-to the druggist and compounder, and a most useful guide to all 
 ranches of the profession. It is illustrated with most beautiful -and correct wood-cut figures of the various 
 sorts of apparatus.— 2%e Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 From Prof. Lewis C. Beck-, of the Albany Medical College. 
 It is a. capital book, and OMsht to he in the handsof every apothecary in the country. I shall strongly recom- 
 mend it to ipy class in the Albany Mejiieal College. ^ ^ , . « >' , ■. 
 From P^rgfifssor P.. G-.^PagByof Washington; 
 Truly a valuable work, and one which I have long desiued! to see, . The authors have been so full and care- 
 ful in the detail of their illustraiipTi8anddescriptijDns,thatacarefulstudyo:f the wpr,k would be almost equiva- 
 lent to an apprenticeship' iii" the laboratory. It will give me great pleasiJre to commend it to the profession. 
 
 DISPENSATPR,Y AND: FORMULARY, 
 
 A BISFENSATORY ANB TEERAFEUTICAL REMEMBRANOER. 
 
 COMPRISING THE! ENTIEE LISTS. OF IVTATERIA MEDlCA, 
 With every Practical Forimila contained in the three British PhUrmace^ai'Os. . 
 
 WITH RELATIVE TABLES SUBJOINED, ILtiUSTKiTED BY UPWARDS OF SIX HUNDRED AND sfXTT EXAMPLES. 
 
 The Extemporaneous Fonns and Combinations suitable for the djiSerent Medicines. 
 
 BY JOHN iyiAYNE, M. D., L. E. 0. S., Edin., &d. &e. 
 
 EDITED, WITH THE AipiTlOTS OP THE FOKllIULf Or THE UNITED STATES PHAMTACOPCEIA, 
 
 JJY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D., 
 In one 12mo. volume, of over three hundred large pages. 
 The neat typography, convenient size, and Ipvif price of this volume^ recommends it especially 
 to physicians, apothecaries, and students in want of a pocket manual. 
 
18 LEA &. BLANCHARD'S TVBLICATIONS.— (Midwifery.) 
 
 MEIGS' OBSTETRICS. — Now Ready. 
 
 0BSTE"TRICS: 
 
 THE SCIENCE AND THE ART. 
 
 BY CHARLES D. MEIGS, M.D. 
 
 Professor of Midwifery ahd the Diseases of Womeil and Children in the JeiTerson Medical College, 
 
 Philadelphia, &c. ice. ' 
 
 With One Hundred and Twenty Illustrations. 
 
 In One beautifully printed Octavo Volume, of Six Hundred and Eighty Large Pages, 
 
 Treatise after treatise on the theory and practice of Midwifery have, within a few years past, issued from 
 the press in rapid succession, each excellent in its kind, and < the majority bearing the names of the most 
 diligent cultivators, and distinguished practitioners of obstetricy. Amid these, the wcrk of Dr. Meigs will 
 claim a high and commanding position. As'an elementary treatise — coneise, but, withal, clear and>compre- 
 hensive— we knowpf no. one better adapted foi; the use of. the student ; while the young praqtitio;ier will 
 find in it a body of sound doctrine, and a series of ex,cellent practical directions, adapted to all' .the condi- 
 tions of the viarious forms of lat^or and their results, which he will be induced, we are persuaded, again and 
 again to consult, and always with profit. i ' • ■ .w. ■ 
 
 The work of Dr. Meigs bears all the intrinsic marks of being the production of one who has not only had 
 ample opportunities fot slodying the several subjects of which;he ^treats, but who has carefully .imp roved 
 those opportunities. There is an earnestness in the author's style, as of one having authority. W^at he de- 
 scribes, he has evidently seen— what hedireclstobedowe^ he has himself practised. From his very manner 
 of teaching, we perceive ibat the obstetric science he inculcates has been deduced from, or verified by his 
 own observations, and that the correctness of the rules of practice laid down by him has been tested by his 
 own experience. This, while it cohstitutes in a great degree the value Of the work, in relation to^every 
 point connected with the science and the; art of ob&tetrics, renders itlikewlsea more pleading one to study. 
 The reader seems rather to be.listening to the earnest, truthful, and living voice of one qualified to teach, than 
 merely perusing the dry details of doctrine and of practice from the printed pages of a book. 
 
 It has seldom been our' lot to peruse a work upon the subject, from which we have received greater saiis- 
 faction, and which we believe to be better calculated to communicate to the student correct and definite 
 views upon the several 'topics embraced within the scope of its teachings. It is unnecessary for us to recom- 
 mend the work to the favorable notice of the profession ; before even our remarks shall reach them, the work, 
 we are persuaded, will be in the hands of the m^or portion of American physiC^iftns,' as well as of those who 
 are destined shortly to become such. — American Journal of the MedidAl StdenoeSj April 1S49. 
 
 Elsewhere we shall look for an elaborate review of ihis'work— we refer to it now merely to welcome its 
 appearance, and to assure the student,'who may be about to purchase a midwifery, that we are acquainted 
 with none of greater practical valne—Boston Medical and SurgicalJoi/trnal. 
 
 The very minuteness and particularity alluded to by the author constitute one of the strong and commend- 
 able features of the work, not for the student only, but for practitioners of all grades-of experience. We 
 most sincerely recommend it. both to the student and practitioner, as a more complete and valuable work on 
 the Science and Art of Midwifery, than any of the numerous reprints and American Editions of. European 
 works on the same subject.— iV. Y-. Annalist, April 1849. 
 
 The above work will be welcomed most cordiallyby all who feel fin interest in the study of obstetrics. 
 Its author is well known as a praetitiorier of vast experience, in matters appertaining to midwifery, and the 
 diseases of women and children, and it is truly surprising how onC, who is Continually going about doing 
 good in his vvay, should find lime to write so muchxLud so well as doesBr. Meigs. 
 
 In conclusion, we would recommend this treatise on obstetrics to the profession as one worthy the reputa- 
 tion of its distinguished author.— ikTedicaZ Examiner^ May lBi9. 
 
 TYLER SMITH OET PARTURITIOW.— A New Work.-Just Ready. 
 
 ON PARTURITION 
 
 AND THE 
 
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS. 
 
 By W. TYLER SMITH, M. D. 
 
 Lecturer on Obstetrics in the Hunterian Spliool of Medicine, &o. Ice. 
 In one large duodecimo volume, of 400 pages 
 
 The work will recommend itself by its intrinsic merit to every member of the profession. 
 
 ,. Lancet, Aprilj,'i&i9. 
 
 We can imagine the pleasure with which William Hunter or Denman would have welcotned the present 
 work; certainly the most valuable contribution to obstetrics that has been mafle since their own day. For 
 ourselves we consider its appearance as the dawn of a new era in this department of medicine. 
 
 We have thus given a brief, but we believe accurate antl succinct^ outline of the original views contained 
 in this volume. At every page of the work itself, practical deductions are drawn from the physiological 
 doctrines as they are advanced ; but we hay,e for the present chiefly confined ourselves to the latter. In a 
 future bibliographical sketch we shall, with equal cafe, go over these lectures, which are entirely devoted to 
 practical pomts ;, and we are sure that the interest of our Teaders>vvill not flag while lliey. follow us in our 
 task. We would observe, that we 'do not pledge ourselves to all and every doctrine promulgated by Dr. 
 Tyler Smith. This Would be impossible, cdnsldering the tnagniiude of the siibject itself, and the great vari- 
 ety and importance of the topics discussed ; but we do most cordially recommend the work as one absolutely 
 necessary to be studied by every accoucheur. It will, we may add, prove equally interesting and instructive 
 to the student, the general practitioner, and pure obstetrician. It was a bold undertaking to reclaim parturi- 
 tion for Reflex Physiology, and it has been well performed.— Lo»do,« Jov^nial qf IXledicine, 
 
LEA & 'BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (MaiDi/erjf.) 19 
 
 <r — . , 
 
 RAMSBOTHAM^ MIDWIFERY. 
 
 THE FRINGIFLES AND PRACTICE OF 
 
 OBSTETKIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY, 
 
 In reference to the Process of Parturition. 
 BY, FRANCIS H. RAMSBOTHAM, M.D. 
 
 Physician to the Hoyal Maieinity Cliarily, Sec. &c. 
 
 NEV^ AMERICAN FROM THE LAST I^QNDON EDITION. 
 
 Illustrated with One Hundred and Forty-eight Figures on Fifty-five Lithographic Plates. 
 
 In one larg-e and handsomely printed volume^ imperial octavo, with 520 pages. 
 
 From Professor Hodge^ of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
 To the American puhlicj it is most valuable, from its inlrineie undoubted excellence, and as being the best 
 authorized exponent of British Midwifery; Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout our country. 
 
 We recommend the student, who desires to maeter this difficult subject with the iCasi possible trouble, to 
 possess himself at once of a copy of this v/ot^,— ^American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 
 
 Itstands at the head of the, long list of excellent obsietric works published in the list few years in Great 
 Britain, Ireland, and the Continent of Europe: We consider tliis book indispensable to the library of every 
 physician engaged in the practice of Midwifery. — Sou^ern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 When the whole profession is thus unanimous in placing such a work in the very "first T'ank as regards thfl 
 estent and correctness of all the details of the theory and practice of so important a branch of learjiiug, our 
 commendation or condemnation would be of little consequence; bui^regardingilasthemostusefulof all works 
 of the kind, we think it but an actofjustice to urge its claims upon the profession. — N, 0. Med. Joiiriial. 
 
 We are disposed to place it first on the list of the numerous publications that have appeared on this subject ; 
 for there is none within our knowledge that displays in so clear and fdrcible a manner every step in the pro- 
 cess; and that, too, under all imaginable circumstances.— iVL Y, Journal fit Medicine. 
 
 New Edition. Revised for this Country, 1848. 
 
 THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MIDWIFERY. 
 
 BY FLEETWOOD CHURCHILL, M. D., 
 
 Hon. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, &<;. &o. 
 
 WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS 
 
 BY ROBERT M. HUSTON, M. D., &o. 
 
 THIRD AMERICAN EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED BT THE ADTHOR. 
 
 With One Hundred and Twenty-eight Illustrations. 
 
 In One very handsome Octavo Voliime, of Five Hundred and Twenty-Six Pages. 
 
 This is certainly the most perfect system extant. It is the best adapted for the purposes of a text-book, and 
 that which he whose necessities confine him to one book, should select in preference to all others.— SoM(Aer» 
 Medical and Surgical Journal. ' . ^ , 
 
 The most popular work on Midwifery ever issued from the American press — Charleston Medtcal Journal. 
 
 Certainly, in our opinion, the very -best work on the subject which exists — N. Y. Annalist. 
 
 Were we reduced to tlie. necessity of having but one work on Midwifery, arid permiitedto choose, we would 
 unhesitatingly take Churchill.— Western JKedMOi and SMrgi'coiJimma!. , 
 
 It is impossible to conceive a more useful and elegant Manual than Dr. Churchill's Practice of Midwifery. 
 — Provincial Medidal Journal. 
 
 No work holds a higher position, or is mote deservingof being placed in the handsof the tyro, the advanced 
 student, or the practitioner. — Medical Examiner. ' 
 
 ' LEE'S OLIWIOAL MIDWIFERY. Now Ready. . 
 
 CI.INICAL MIDWJFERY, 
 
 COMPRISING THE HISTORIES OF FIVE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIVE CASES OF DIFFI- 
 CULT, PRETERNATURAL,' AND COMPLICATED LABOR, WITH COMMENTARIES. 
 
 BY ROBERT LEE, M.D., F.R. S.,&c. 
 Prom the 2nd Iiondon Edition. In one royal 12mo. voL, ez:tra cloth. 238 pages. 
 
 More instructive to the juvenile.practitioner than a score of systematic works. — Lancet. 
 
 ■Will be consulted by every accoucheur iitho practices his an with the zeal which it merits.— Med. Gazette. 
 
 An invaluable record for tlie practitioner.— JT. Y. jlmiate. ., ■ .!. >ji 
 
 Ti^saAmiikbXebool^otpTeceienlB.— Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 A storehouse of valuable facts and precedents.— jtmencaw'/owrmti! of the Medical Sciences. 
 
 DEWEES'S MIDWIFERY. 
 A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY. * 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY OCCASIONAL CASES AND MANY ENGRAVINGS. ' * 
 
 BY WILLIAM P. DEWEES, M. D., , 
 Tenth Edition, with the Authoi'ii last improvements and Corrections. In one Octavo Volume, of 660 pages. 
 
20 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLIC ATIQNS.—(J?i>eas(;s of Women and Children.) 
 
 jasreis ojv FEJa^i^ES. 
 
 FEMALES AND THEIR DISEASES; 
 
 A SERIES OF LETTERS TO HIS CLASS.' 
 
 BY C. D. MEIGS, M. D., 
 
 Professor of Midwifery aod the Bis^^ases of Women and Children in th^e Jeffefsoil Medical College 
 
 of Philadelphia, &c; &c. ' 
 
 In One large and hiautif ally printed Octavo Volume of'SlO' Pages, 
 
 This is a clever, a very" clever book. It is unique in its method, and truly felicitous in'its execution. Fi- 
 nally, Prof. M&igs has sot^ght in this work to give. to Ma brethren, and especially to his class;, a book which 
 may be read. We would say, that we think he has not failed. — Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 He has evidently seen almost every form and variety of female disease, and not only seen, but observed 
 and reflected, and if ,we may judge by the innate eyid,ence afforded by the volume itself, practised success- 
 fully. His voluriip co'ntairis many practical; hints and suggestions w^ich will repay perusal.— TA.eCAar^to» 
 Medical Journal and Review. 
 
 The work is written in a free, animated conversational style, and is replete v^ith sound practical instruo-, 
 txon.— The Western Lancet. 
 
 We warmly commend the work of Professor Meigs as a highlyinteresting and instructive volume. — N.Y, 
 Journal of Medicine, 
 
 The remaining affections of the womb, included in the volume before us, are treated of very learnedly, and 
 much valuable instruction is communicated conp.erning theni. Dr. Meigs' v^ews as to the nature and causes 
 of these affections' are generally correct, while his long and extensive experience gives to his practical dirpe- 
 tions no triding weight, The work contains a very larjge fundof valHiable matter, and will, in, all probability, 
 become a very popular one-— -dmerican JliTe'iicai Jbitrnoi. , 
 
 His great reputation, the chang^e' in thie book from the iis.ual manner of writing, and the intrinsic iherita with 
 vrhich the work albounds, will^ve it a' wide-spread circulation, ^nd a very general perusal. — Northern and 
 Western Medical and SurgicalJoumal. 
 
 The style is certainly not faultless, but yet It is one which, vre venture to believe, will prove acceptable to 
 most of the readers to whom it is especially addressed. It is fresh, buoyant, varied and sprightly, and one is 
 carried along by it without wearinpss. ' '*A8 to the doctrine. and the pi'ecept of these letters," we think with 
 the author, that " he has a right, at his time of life, tobe heard upon them," and we are quite sure that he will 
 be heard with great adyantage.,; Whaljever difference of opinion ,thf re may be respecting the manner of the 
 letters, iher^ cd.n be no diversity as to'th? matter. Tliey are full of instruTGytion. It would be difficult to point 
 to a volume containing more valuable information relative to females and their diseases. We take leave of 
 these Letters with the conviction that they'will'be productive of great good. They will be read with atten- 
 tion by many who would hot have patience to wade through an elaborate, systematic treatise on diseases of 
 females, and there is something in the dashing, random style which serves to impress their sentiments upon 
 the memory. We do not undertake to say tHat the style is the best ; it would probably be hazardous to assert 
 that it is even a proper one for such a subject'; but we must say, that it has contributed its share towards the 
 pleasure w^ith which we have re.ad'thi,s volume^— 2i^e Western Joit^fial of Mipdidne and Surgery. 
 
 We think that Dr. M. has done to his class and to the profession generally, a service for which they will be 
 grateful, and for-iVhith-Tie merits the approbation of all. He has endeavbred to p^fform-Ktstask, he tells us, 
 m a spirit of " freedom and abandon," very different from the dullness whjch has hitherto characterized medi- 
 cal writings ; and w^e think he hae Suceeeaed in'producing a very agreea'ble, amusing, clever, and instructive 
 book, which will be read with pleasure, and be likely to be ipiprepsive. We feel that in this nasty sketch wa 
 have given the reader scarcely an idea of the vast amount of useful inforrhationwhidhtheliookCo'htains, and 
 of the pleasing style in which, generally, it is conveyed, and most conscientiously advjse hinito purchase and 
 read it for himself. It is, nevertheless^ one of the most original and pleasant medical books, and oiie of the 
 most agreeable upon the subject, we have ever read; and we cannot but acknowledge, that Professor Meigs 
 has rendered by its publication a great service tchis profession, and done great credit to his own industry 
 apd scholarship, and to his skill as a practitioner, and his ability as a teacher. As it is, we hope that every 
 young man willallow himself the recreation and instruction to be derived from its- perusal. — The Annalist. 
 
 The body of the book is worthy of extensive consideratioUt and is evidently the production of a clever, 
 thoughtful, and sagacious- physiciail... Dr. MeigsMettepsion the diseasesof the external organs, contain many 
 interesting and rare cases, and many instructive observations. We take our leave of Dr. Meigs, with a high 
 opiniomdf his talents and oti:giiiality. — like British And Foreign Meddeo-Chirurgieal Revi&tv. ' > . ■ 
 
 Every chapter is replete with practical instruction, and bearslhe impress of being the composition of an 
 acute and experienced mind. There is a terseness, and at the same time an accuracy, in his description of 
 symptoms, and in the rules for diagnosis, which cannot fail to recommend the voiume to the attention of the 
 reader. — Itanking^s Abstract. • ' ' ■ 
 
 ASHWELL ON THE blSEASES OF FEMALES. 
 
 A PR^CTipAL treatise' ON THk 
 
 DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN, 
 
 Illustrated by Cases derived from Hospital and Private Practice. 
 
 BY SAMUEL ASHWELL, M. D., 
 
 Member of the Koyal College of Physieians ; Obstetric Phy'Sioian anfl Lecturer to Guy's Hospital, &c. 
 ,.; . , WITH ADDITIONS, 
 
 ,; f BY PAUL BECK GODDAED, M. D., 
 
 •SECiOND AMERICAN EDITION. 
 
 In one octavo volume of Five Hundred -.and Twenty Pag«s. 
 
 One of the very best works ever issued from the press on the Diseases of Females. — Western Lancet, 
 This invaluable work,' — Missouri Medical and Surgical Jouinal. 
 
 We strongly recommend Dr. Ashwell's Treatise to our Readers as » valuable book of reference, on an ex- 
 tensive, complicated, apd highly itnpoftant class of diseases.— ^dinbur^A Monthly Journal qfMed. Sciences . 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (Diseases of Women and Children.) 21 
 
 CONDIE ON_CHILDREN. 
 
 A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON 
 
 THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 
 
 BY D. FRANCIS CONDIE, M. D., 
 
 Fellow of the College of Physicians; Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. 
 Second Edition. In One largb OctaYO Volume, of Six Hundred and Fifty-eight Pages. 
 
 We feel persuaaefl that the American Medical professioji will soon regard it, not only as a very good, but 
 as the VERT best " Practical Treatise on the fiiseases of Children."— jlmericoM Medical Journal. 
 
 We pronounced the first edition to be the best work on the Diseases of Children in the English language, 
 and, notwithstanding all that has been published, we still regard it in thatlight.— Wedical Examiner. 
 From Professor J). Humphreys Storer, of Boston. 
 
 I consider it to be the best work on tlie Diseases of Children w6 have access to, and as such recommend it 
 to all who ever refer to the subject. 
 
 From Prqfessor M.M. Palhn^ of St. Louis. 
 
 I consider it the best treatise on the Diseases of Children that we possess, and as such have been in the 
 habit of recommeiiding it to my classes. 
 
 Dr. Condie's scholarship,acumen, industry, and practical sense are manifested in this, as in all his nu- 
 merous contributions to Boteiioe.— Dr. Holmes's Report to the American Medical Assoeiiflim. 
 
 Taken as a whole, in our judgment, Dr. Condie's Treatise is the one from the perusal of which the practi- 
 tumer in this country will rise wiih the greatest satisfaction.— Western' Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 One of the best works upon the Diseases of Children in the English language.— Western Laniet, 
 
 CUVnCBILLi O^ FEMALES. 
 
 THE DISEASES^OF FEMALES, 
 
 INCLUDING THOSE OF PREGNANCy AND CHILDBED. 
 
 BY FLEETWOOD CHUECHILL, M. D., 
 
 Author of Theory and Practice of Midwifery, &c. &c. 
 FOURTH AMERICAN, FROM THE SECOND LONDON EDITION, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS, 
 
 EDITED, WITH NOTES, 
 
 BY ROBERT M. HUSTON, M. D., &c. &c. 
 
 In one octavo volume of 604 pages. 
 
 The rapid Bale of three editions of this valuable work, stamp it so emphatically with the approbation of the 
 
 profeawon of this country, that thepublishers in presenting a fourth deem it merely necessary to observe, 
 
 that every care has been taken by the editor, to supply any deficiencies which may have existed in former 
 
 impressions, and to bring the work fully up to the date of publication. 
 
 One great and distinguishing trait of the volume is, that it embraces all the diseases peculiar to women, 
 w^hich can hardly be said of any other publication ; and it is this circumstance that especially fecommends it 
 to practitioners vrho are without the opportunity of consulting numerous ■works.— Medita.1 Examiner. 
 
 A..TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF FEMALES. 
 BY W. P. DEWEES, M. D. • 
 
 KIHTH EDmOW. 
 
 I In one volume, 8vo. 532 pages, with plates. 
 
 A TREATISE 
 ON THE PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 BY W. P. jDEWEES, M. D. .., 
 
 NINTH EDITION. 
 
 In one voliime, Svo. 548 pages. 
 MEIGS' TRANSLATION OF 
 
 A Treatise on the Diseases of Females, and on the Special Hygiene of theii Sex. 
 
 BY COLOMBAT BE L'lSERE, M. D., &c. 
 Inonelargeoctavo volume, of 720 p^es. Many wooftcnts. 
 
 MEIGS. ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF INFANTS. 
 
 In one octavo volume. Nearly ready. . 
 
 CHURCHILL 
 
 On the Management and more Important Diseases of Infancy and Childhooi|^ 
 
 In one octavo volume. (Preparing,) . ; 
 
 WEST'S LECTURES !i; 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF INFANTS. 
 
 (Publishing in the Medical News and Libiary.) 
 
22 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (Sar^ery.) 
 
 THE GREAT SURGICAL LIBRARY. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF SURGERY. 
 
 BY J. M. CHELIUS, 
 
 Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, Public Profeseoi: of General arid Ophthalmic Surgery, &c. &c., in the 
 
 ■ (, University of Heidelberg.' ' 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, 
 
 AND ACCOMPANIED WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS, 
 
 BY JOHN F. SOUrrii,: 
 
 Surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital. 
 
 Vow complete in three large Svo. vols, of nearly 2200 pages, or in seventeen numbers, at 50 c«nts. 
 
 This great work is within itself a library 6f reference for the surgical practitiqner. Every detail of import- 
 ance in Minor Surgery,' Operative Surgery, and the Priliciples of Surg'ery will be found embodied in it, sys- 
 tematically arranged and clearly expressed, together with a copious Surgical Bibliography. This vast mass 
 of information is elucidated and rendered easy of reference Ify an index occupying one hundred and seventy 
 double columned pages, enabling the surgeon to refer at once to the opinioris of the best authorities on any 
 disputed point. The reputation of the original work is sufficiently exemplified by its having passed through 
 six editions in Germany, and having bqen translated into eight languages. The translation of Mr. South was 
 undertaken with the concurrence and assistance of. the author, and the translator has made numerous and im- 
 portant additions to the work, embodying the facts aiid opinions set forth by all the principal surgeons of Con- 
 tinental Europe, Great Britain and the United States. With all these advantages it is confidently presented to 
 the profession as the most complete system of Surgical Science in the Ehglish language. 
 
 In this work the practitioner will find the fullest and ablest digest extant of all that relates to the present ad- 
 vanced state of Surgical Pathology. — American Medical Journal. 
 
 If we were confined to a single work on Surgery, that work s,houId be Clj^lius's.— 5(. Louis Med, Journal. 
 
 As complete as any system of Surgery can well he.SoutheTn Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The most extensive and complete system of Surgical practice in the English language.'— ZW. and Ind. Med- 
 ical and Surgical Journal, , ;■ , ', '^ 
 
 The most finished system of Surgery in the English langaa'ge.— Western Lancet. 
 
 The most learned and complete system alic'treatise now exiajit.— Edinburgh Medical Journal. 
 
 No work in the English language comprises so large an amount of information relative to operative medi- 
 eine and surgical pathology. — Medical Gazette. 
 
 We have, mdeed, seen no work which so nearly comes up to our idea of what such a production should be, 
 both as a practical guide and as a work of reference, as this ; and the fact that it has passed through six edi- 
 tions in Germany, and been translated iiito seven languages, is sufficiently convincing proof of its value- It 
 is methodical and concise, clear and ai^curate ; omitting all minor details -and fruitless speculation's, it giVes 
 us ail the information we want in the shortest and simplest form — The New York Journal of Medicine. 
 
 No work on Surgery in our language is so complete both as regards the general plan and the minutest de- 
 tails. — Southern Journal of Medicine and Surgery. ' , 
 
 A complete encyclopedia of surgical science— a very complete surgical library— by far the most complete 
 and scientific system of surgery in the English language.— JV^. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
 
 The original text book of Chelius is well known lo be one of the best pf its class ;. and the valuable and ex- 
 tensive notes of Mr. South, In which he Las largely embodied the results of his own experience, have un- 
 doubtedly rendered his translation of it one of the most complete treatises on Surgery in the English language. 
 It seems to us to be alike essential to the student and practitioner.— Jkfon/A?^ Journal of Medical Science. 
 
 We feel gratified and proud of the work in its English garb, and we do not hesitate to pronounce it the best 
 and most comprehensive system of modern Surgery with which we are acquainted, and as such we earnestly 
 recommend it to the student and practitioner.— Msdico-CAirwrg^ai Review. 
 
 It is one of the most learned and practical writings extant. It must at once take a place, wherever it is 
 known, among the standard surgical authorities.— Buffalo Medical Journal. 
 
 The most extensive and comprehensive accountc^f the art and science of Surgery in our language. — Ltmcet. 
 
 This index adds greatly, in our opinion, to the value of the work, as It.enables those with wnom time is an 
 object, at once lo obtain an epitome of what is to be found in the body of the work, or any subject on which 
 information may be looked for. — Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The work is closed with a most elabarate and^analy tical index, which occupies no less than one hundred and 
 seventy-seven closely printed pages ; this forms in itself a moat valuable work of reference ; and deserves to be 
 very highly appreciated by every surgeon. We consider that this product of the combined experience and 
 researcnes of Professors Chelius and South is by far the most important addition that has been made to sur- 
 gical literature since the publication of -Cooper^s Surgical Dictionary.— Xondon Medical Qazette. ' ' ■ ■ 
 
 Tlilay be regarded as the most comprehensive work on Surgery &xX&n\.-~Medical Examiner. 
 
 The most complete and ample work oh Surgery extant.'— JVew Jersiy Medical Reporter, 
 
 "Hie work may now be regarded as the most complete which exists in our language on Surgery. No woric 
 in our language is so complete, both as regards the general plan and the minutest details ; and it will be an 
 imperishable monument to Mr. South's industry, talents, and attainments. An extensive analytical index 
 adds much to its value.— Sow(ft.er« Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Appended to Chelius is an analytical index of unusual length ; this was .essential, and will be found most 
 useiul in cijabjing the inquirer to consult any part of the wort without trouble or loss of lime, — Medical Times. 
 
 One of the most complete works in surgical'liternture.^- Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. ' 
 
 Members of the profession who veside at a distance from the metropolitan centres, or in the colonies, those 
 who are or purpose lo be, connected with GUI' ihilitary or naval deparimenis ; indeed, all who may desire, or 
 who, from their position may find it necessary to have a book of reference at hand, which lliey may regard 
 as an authority, will derive much assistance from this work, as supplying a desideratum long wanted in the 
 
 profession.— MedicaZ Times. :„o.j,„.,^v,^-«,.,.^ ' - 
 
 COOPER (SIR ASTLEV) ON THE ANATOMY AND TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL HERNIA. 
 
 1 large vol., imp. 8vo., with over 130 lithographic figures. 
 COOPER ON THE STRUCTURE AND DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, AND ON THE THYMUS 
 
 GLAND. 1 vol., imp. 8vo., with 177 figures on 99 plates. 
 COOlftfflbN THE ANATOMY AND DISEASES OF, THE BREAST, WITH TWENTY-FIVE 
 
 MISCEaKiANEOUS AND SURGICAL PAPERS. 1 large vol., imp. 8vo., with 252 figures on 36 plates. 
 
 COOPB& ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES OF THE JOINTS.— Edited by Bransby Cooper and 
 
 J.C.Warren, 1 vol. 8vo., with 133 cuts. 500pp. 
 DURLACHER ON CORNS, BUNIONS, &c.— A Treatise on Cotns, Bunions, the Diseases of Nails, and 
 
 the General Management of the Feet. In one 12mo. volume, cloth. 134 pp. * 
 
 OUTHRIE ON THE BLADDER, &c.— The Anatomy of the Bladder ^nd Urethra, and the Treatment of the 
 Obstructions to which those Passages are liable. In one vol. Svo. 150 pp. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (Swrffcry.) 33 
 
 THE STUDENT'S TEXT-BOQK OF SURGERY. 
 ^ew and Improved Edition. J'ust Issued. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. 
 
 BY ROBERT DRUITT, 
 
 Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. 
 
 A New American from the last and improved London Edition. 
 
 EDITED BY F. W. SARGENT, M. D., 
 
 Author of "Minor Surgery,'* &c. 
 
 Illustrated with One Hundred and Ninety-three IWood Bngra-rlngai* 
 
 In one very handsomely printed octavo volume of 576 large pages. 
 
 In preparing the new edition of this popular text-book, every care has been taken so to improve 
 it in every respect as to raise it still higher in the estimation of the profession. The edition from 
 which this is printed has large and important additions by the author; while the present editor. 
 Dr. Sargent, has added whatever appeared necessary to render the book a correct exponent of the 
 present state of surgical science in this country. The illustrations have been entirely remodelled ; 
 numerous new ones added by both author and editor ; and many superior ones substituted for those 
 rejected. The amount of these changes may be estimated from the fact, that of the 193 wood-cuts 
 at present in this volume, more than on$-half have appeared in no former American edition. In 
 mechanical execution, also, the work will be found much improved; in clear type, white paper, and 
 handsome printing, it will compare favorably with the best executed works published in the country, 
 while the price is still kept so low as to place it within the reach of all. 
 
 An unsur[)asBable compendium, not only of Surgical, but of Medical Practice. — London Medical Gazette. 
 
 No work, in our opinion, equals it in presenting so much valuable surgical matter in so small a compass. — 
 St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 The author has fully succeeded in producing a complete system of surgical science and practice in the 
 smallest practicable compass, and at the cheapest possible price, — Edinburgh Monthly Medical Journal. 
 
 It is the most accurate and ample r^sum^ of the present state of surgety that we are acquainted with.— 
 Dublin Medical Journal. 
 
 This is the best work of its size, on the subject of surgery, that has made its appearance on our desk. For 
 the use of the general practitioner, it may be preferable, to many of the larger works, as it has the important 
 facts he wants, in a more condensed form, from which he can get his information with less labor and time, if 
 not with' clearer views of the subject. — TAe Northwestern Medical and Surgical Jowrnal. 
 
 Admirably adapted to the wants of the student,— Praumeioi Medical and Surgical Jov,rnal. 
 
 A better hook on the principles and practice of surgeryhas notbeen given to the profession,— fos^on Medi' 
 tal and Surgical Journal. 
 
 SARGENT'S MINOR SUjRGERY. A NEW WORK. 
 
 ON BANDAGINC, AND OTHER POINTS OF MINOR SURGERY. 
 
 BY F, W. SAKGBNT, M. D. 
 
 In one handsome volume, royal 12mo.,'with nearly 400 Pages, and 128 Wood-cuts. 
 
 The very best manual of Minor Surgery we have seen. — Buffalo MedAcal and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Admirably adapted to the use of the student.— CAorteton Medical Journal. 
 
 We can unhesitatingly recommend this volume as one of the very best of its kind. — AmericanMed. Journal. 
 
 We will adopt it as a text-book for the use of our own pupils, and we must recommend our fellow practi- 
 tioners in all partsof the country to do likewise.— iV, y. Jdurnal o/.Medieine. 
 
 Nothing perhaps in the whole.routine of practice redounds more decidedly to the upbuilding of a young sur- 
 geon's reputation, and certainly none contributes more to the comfort of the suffering patient, than dexterity 
 m the performance of the minor surgical operations, and the neat and skilful arrangement of dressings. In 
 viewof these facts, it is amatier of some degree of astonishment that a due considerationof this subject should 
 have been deferred so long. We strongly recommend Dr. Sargent's treatise to all our readers, believing that 
 it will prove abundantly useful to those who consult its pages for information upon the important subjects 
 therein discussed. — The Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 LISTOn'aND MUTTER'S SURGERY. 
 
 IiECTURES OSr THE OPERATION'S OF SURGBRIT, 
 
 And on Diseases and Accidents requiring Operations. 
 
 DELIVERED AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, 
 
 BY ROBERT LISTON, Esq., K R. S,, &o. 
 
 EDITED, WITH KDMEHOUS ALTEKATIOBS AND ADDITIONS, BT T. D. MUTTER, M. B., &C. &C. 
 
 In one large and handsome octavo voluiiie of 566 pages, with 216 Wood-cuts. 
 It is a compendium of the modern practice of Surgery as complete and accurate as any treatise of similar 
 dimensions in the English language,— Western Lancet. 
 
 LAWRENCE ON RUPTURES.— A Treatise on Ruptures, from the fifth London Edition. In pne 8vo, vol, 
 
 sheep. 480 pp. 
 MAURY'S DENTAL SURGERY.— A Treatise on the Dental Art, founded on Actual Experience, Illus- 
 trated by 241 lithographic figures and 54 wood-cuts. Translated by J. B, Savier, In 1 8vo, vol,, sheep, asepg. » 
 ROBERTSON ON THE TEETH.— A Practical Treatise on the Human Teeih, with Plates. Onesm^* 
 , volume, 8vo, 230 pp, At: 
 
 DUFTON ON THE EAR.— The Nature andTreatmentof Deafness and Diseases..of the Earj and the Treat- 
 ment of the Deaf and Dumb. One 8malll2mo; volume, 180 pp, '' 
 
24 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.— (Sai-^ery.) 
 
 FERGUSSON'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. NEW EDITION. 
 
 A SYSTEM OF PRACTICAL SURGERY. 
 
 BY WILLIAM FEEGUSSON, F. K. S. E., 
 
 '' Professor o^ Surgfery in King's College, liOndon, ^. &c. 
 
 THIRD AMERICAN,, FROM THE LAST PNGLISH EDITION. 
 
 waft Two Mundred and Seventy-four Illustrations, from Orawings by Bagg, ' 
 
 Engraved by Gilbert X ftihon. 
 
 In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of six hundred and thirty pages. 
 
 It is with unfeigned satisfaction that we call the attention of the'firofession in this country to this excellent 
 work. • It richly ideserves the repatatiaii' conceded to it, of being the best practical Surgbiy extant, at least in 
 the English language.— Medicoi E^ofniner. 
 
 Professor Fergusson's work, we feel persuaded, will be as girfeat a favorite as it deserves, for it combines 
 tiie powerful recommendations of cheapness and elegance, with a clear, sound, and practical treatment of every 
 subject in surgical science. The illustrations, by Bagg, are admirable — in his very best style. — Edinburgh 
 Journal of Medical Science, 
 
 MILLER'S PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. 
 
 THE PRINCIPLES OP SURGERY. 
 
 BY JAMES. MILLEE, P. K. S. E., 
 
 Professor of Surgery iii the 'University of Edinburgh, &o. 
 
 SECOND AMERICAN EDITION, 
 
 la one octavo volume of five hundred and thirty-eight pages. 
 
 BY THE SAME AUTHOR. 
 
 THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. 
 
 SECOND AMERICAN EDITION. 
 In on6 octavo volume, of five hundred pages. 
 
 Tbese two works are printed and bound to matcli, forming together a complete 
 
 System of Surgery. 
 
 Taken together they form a VeVy condensed and cornplete system of Siirgery, not, surpassed, as a text-book, 
 by any work with which we are acquainted. — Bl. And Ind. Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 Mr. iVUUer has said more in a few words than any writer since the days of Celsus. — N. O. Med. and Surg. 
 Journal. i . , - 
 
 LIBRARY OF OPHTHALMIC_MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF THE EYE. 
 
 BY W. LAWEENCE, F. E. S., 
 
 Surgeon Extraordinary to the Queen, Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c. &c. 
 , A NEW EDITION. 
 With many Modijipations and .Additions., and the introduction of nearlty iwo hundred Illustrations, 
 BY ISAAC HAYS, M.D., 
 IB one very large Svo. vol; of 860 pages, with twelve plates and many wood-cUts through the text. 
 This book contains all that is necessary for the student or practitioner to know. — Dublin Medical Press. 
 The work of Mr. Lawrence, with the numerous additions of thp American. Editor, is allowedly one of, if 
 not the best. The library of no medical man can be complete without it.— :iV. Y. Journal of Medicine, 
 
 JONES ON_THE EYE. 
 THE PEINCEPLES AND PEACTICE 
 
 OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
 
 BY T. WHARTON JONES, F. E. S., &c. &c. 
 
 EDITED BY ISAAC HAYS, lyi. D., &c, 
 
 In one very neat voliuae, large f oy^l IZmo. o{ 529 pages, with four plateE;, plain , or colored, and 
 
 ninety-eight well executed wood-cuts^. 
 
 From Professor Mott, qfNew York. 
 
 The work bn Ophthalmic Stirgery,by Jones, is iindoubtedly the best oh that siibject in the English language. 
 
 It will give me pleasure to aid in its circulation in every way in my power. 
 
 Mr. Jones' Manual if )£- very elaborate compilation, and will, in this age of condensing, epitomizing, and 
 manualizing, doubtless occupy the fdreiAofit.place. — MedicO'Chirurgicdl MeviewJ 
 
 BRODIB'S SURGICAL LECTURES.— cynical Lectures on Surgery. 1 vol.Svo., cloth. 350 pp. 
 BRODIE ON THE JOINTS.— Pathological and Surgical Observations on the Diseases of the Joints. 1 vol. 
 
 8vo.,oloth. 216pp. • 
 BRODIE ON URINARY ORGANS.— Lectures on the Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 1 vol. 8Vo.,cloth. 
 aUpp. . .^ , . , 
 
 •«*TheBewee works may be, had neatly bound together, fotming a large volume of "Brodie's 
 Surgical Works." 780 pp. 
 
LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS.-(aepit>«ry.) 25 
 
 FOWNES' CHEMISTRY FOR STUDENTS. New and Improved Editioa 
 
 EL.EMENTAKY CHEMISTKY, 
 
 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL. I 
 
 BY GEOEGE FOWNES, Ph> D., , 
 
 Chemical Lecturer itf the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, &o. &c. 
 
 With Numerous Illustrations* ' Second American Elditiou. Edited, tvltb Additions, 
 
 BY EGBERT BEIDGES, M. D., 
 
 Professor of General and Pharmaceuticil Cliemisiry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, &c. &c. 
 In one large royal 12ino. volume, of 460 pages, sheep or extra cloth. 
 
 We know of no treatise in the language so well calculated to aid the student in becoming familiar with the 
 ntunerous facts in the intrinsic science on which it treats, or one better calculated as a text-book for those at- 
 tendii^ Chemical ieetures. * # * • The best text-book on Chemistry that has issued from our press,— jlmert- 
 »an Medieai Journal 
 
 We again most cheerfully recommend it as the best teyt-book for students in attendance upon Chemical 
 lectures that we have y6t examined.— /«. and Ind. Medical and Surg'ical J'ourndli 
 
 A first rate work upon a first rate subject.— St. Louis'Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 No manual^pf Ghemislry which we have met, comes so near niifeeting the wants of the beginner.— Western 
 Journal qfMddidne and Surgwjf. - " 
 
 We know of none within the same limite, which has higher claims lo our confidence as a college class 
 book, both for accuracy of detail and scientific arrangement.— jlwgTista Medical Journal. 
 
 GARDNER'S MEDICAL CHEMISTRY— Now Ready. 
 
 MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, 
 
 FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS AND THE PROFESSION; 
 
 BEING A MANUAL OF THE SCIENCE, WITH ITS APPLICATIONS TO TOXICOLOGY, 
 PHYSIOLOGY, THERAPEUTICS, HYGIENE, &c. &c. 
 
 BY D. PEEEIEA GARDNER^ M. D., 
 
 * Late Professor of Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Medicine, &c. 
 
 In one handsome royalVimo. volume of iW pages, idiih illustratiojis. 
 
 By far the greater number of medical students' will find this work of'Dr. Gardner better adapted to their 
 wants than any other with which we are acquain,ted.— OAio Medical^anfi Sy.rgical Journal. 
 
 Admirably adapted to the end ahd 'design. - We shall be -tniJoli disappbinted if^ft is not adopted as a text- 
 book in all our American CoUeees.— iV. Y. Journ. of Medicine, 
 
 An excellent work — one likely to bq of great use to the student,'and of no small value to the practitioner. 
 — Ckarleston'iMedical Journal. ; 
 
 It is an admirable exposition of the facts of Chemical science in their application to practical medicine in. 
 Its various brancheS; The vfork is sufficifeh'tly extended^ and Vety accurate in its details, and cannot fail to 
 prove most useful as a book of study or of referencfe.-^^A* X.a«cg8, March 10, 1849. 
 
 We know of no work exactly likeit by any English? author. The reader will find here, in a concise form, 
 information for which he would otherwise Have to Steek in many elaborate and expensive treatises. — London 
 Medical Gazette, March, 1849. : , W ' 
 
 BOWMAllVr'S PRACTICAli CHEMISTRY. Wow Ready. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, 
 
 INCLUDING ANALYSIS. 
 
 By JOHN E. BOWMAN,, 
 
 Demonstratpr of Chemistry, King's College. 
 
 In one handsome volume, royal 12mo., of oyer 300 pages. 
 
 WITH BEAKXT CHE HUNDKED ENCfJlAyil^Ca ON WOOD. 
 
 One of the most complete manuals that has for A long time been given to the medical student— Athenamn. 
 
 We regard it as realizing almost everything to be desired in an introduction to Pra.ctjca| Ch^istry. It is 
 by far the.best adapted for the ChepiicalrSCudenfof any that has yet JaUfen in oiav/ iyi—^BritisK^nd Foreign 
 Medico- Chirurgical Review. ^» 
 
 •Xhebestintroductory work on the subject.with w^hich we are acquainted. — Edinburgh Monthly JourntU, 
 Febmary, 1849. 
 
 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY, 
 
 WITH REFKRENCE TO THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF MAN. 
 
 BY DE. 7. FKANZ SUVTON: 
 
 TKAHSIATED AHD EDITED BY GEORGE E. DAY, M. A. &.L. M. CAJITAgi^ gcc^ . 
 
 With plates. In one octavo vojume of over seven hundred page*, sheep. 
 
 No treatise on physiological Cheipiatry approaches this iafiilness and accuracy of detiail.^ WestemJownal 
 of Midieine anil Surgerj^. " . ^, ,, | .,, 
 
 New Edition, Preparing.— THE ELEMENTS OP CHEMISTRY, 
 
 IHOLCDIKO THE AFFLIOATION OE THE SEIEKCB TO THE ABTS. WITH HUMEBOUS lUUSTBATIOIfS. #• 
 
 BY THOMAS QRAHAM, F.R. S., L. & E. D. ,, ^ 
 
 WrrH Notes aKD ADUiribMS, by ROfiERT BRIDGES, M. D,, &c. &c. In one very large 8to. vol. 
 
 ! 
 
26 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. '" ^J" 
 
 T^won ojv poisojvs. 
 
 ON POISONS, 
 
 IN BEiiATIOFJ TO MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND HEDICINR 
 
 BY ALFRED S. TAYLOR, F. R. S., &c. 
 
 Edited, with Notes and Additions, BY R. E. GRIFFITH, M. D, 
 In one large octavo volume, of 688 pages. 
 
 The most elaborate work on the subject that our literature poBse^^es.—- prit. and For. Medico- Chirur. Beview, 
 
 One of the most practical and trustworthy works on Poisons in our language. — Western Journal of Med. 
 
 It contains a vast body of facts, which ehibrace all that is important in toiicology, a)], that is necessary to 
 &e ^idance of the medical jurist, and all that can be desired by the lawyer. — Medico- Chirur giccU Review. 
 
 It IS, BO far as our knowledge extends, incomparably the best upon the subject; in the highest degree credit- 
 able to the author, entirely trustworthy, and indispensable to the student and practitioner.— iV^. Y. AnncUwt. 
 
 MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. 
 
 BY ALFRED S. TAYLOR, 
 
 Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry at Guy's Hospital, &c. 
 With numerous Notes and Additions, and riferenus to American Practice and Law, 
 BY R. E. GRIFFITH, M. D. 
 In one octavo volume of five hundred and forty pages. 
 We recommend Mr. Taylor's work as the ablest^ most oomprehensive.and, above all, the most practically 
 useful book which exists on ihe subject of legal medicine. Any man of sound judgment, who has mastered 
 the contents ofTaylor's" Medical Jurisprudence," may go into a court of law with the most perfect confi- 
 dence ofbeing able to acquit hiipself creditably. — Medico- Chirurgical Review. 
 
 The most elaborate and complete work that has yet appeared. It contains an immense quantity of cases 
 lately tried, which entitle it to be considered what Beck was in its ia.y.— Dublin Medical Journal, 
 
 TRAILL'S MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.— Outlines of a Course of Lectures on Medical Jurisprudence, 
 Revised, with numerous Notes. In one small octavo volume of 234 pages. 
 
 OUJVGZiISOJV OJV HUJaSJV HEAIjTII. 
 
 HUMAN~HEALTH, 
 
 OB THE IKFLtJEHCE OP ATMOSPHEHE AND LOCALITY, CHANGE OF AIK AND CLIHATE, SEASONS, FOOD, 
 CLOTHING, BATHING, EXERCISE, SLEEP, &C. &C. &C., ON HEALTHY MAN, 
 
 CONSTITUTmC ELEMENTS OF HYGIENE. 
 
 Second Edition, with many Modifications and Additions. 
 
 BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., &p. &o. 
 
 In one octavo volume of 464 pages. 
 MITCHELIi ON THE OHIGIN OP FEVERS— A New Work— Just Heady. 
 
 OiSr THE 
 
 GRTFTOBAMOUS ORIGIN OF MALARIOUS AND EFIREMIC FEVERS. 
 
 BY J. K. MITCHELL, M. D., 
 
 Professor of Practical Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, lea. 
 In one small volume of 138 pages, extra cloth. 
 
 B^RTIjETT ojv CERT^aUVTV XJV JttEDZCMJVE—JVbw Readp. 
 
 AN INQUIRY INTO THE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY IN NEDICINE, 
 
 AND INTO THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF ITS POWER OVER DISEASE. 
 ' Tsx e:i,isha barti,ett, m. d.. 
 
 Author of "Feveks of the Uhited States,'? "Phjlosopht of Medical Science." 
 In One small Volume of 84 pages, crown 8i)o., extra cloth. 
 
 AN ESSAY ON THE FHILOSOFHT OF UHERIGAL SCIENCE. 
 
 BY ELISHA BAETLETT, M. D., Author of "Fevers of the United States." 
 
 7n one handsome octavo volume of three hundred and twelve pages. 
 A NEW EDITION OF 
 
 THE HEDICAL STUDENT; Or, Aids to the Study of Medicine. 
 
 A BEVIBED AND MODIFIED EDITION. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D. 
 
 In one neat ISino. volume. 
 
LEA AfD BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 27 
 
 MA1TOAI.S FOR EXAMINATION. Now Ready. 
 
 A.% ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM 
 
 OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, 
 
 FOR THE USE AND EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS. * 
 BY JOHN NEILL, M.D., 
 
 DEUONSTRAXOK OF ANATOMT IN THE tTNTVEBSITY OF PENNSTLVANIA, LECTURER ON ANATOMY IN THE MEDICAL 
 
 INSTITTTTE OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC., 
 
 AND 
 
 FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, M. D., 
 
 LECTCKEE OH PHYSIOLOOY IN THE PHILADELPHIA ASSOCIATION FOR MEDICAL INSTKUCTION, ETC. ETC. 
 
 Forming One very large and handsomely prmted Volume in royal' 'dlwdedmo, of over Nine Hundred 
 large Pages, with about Three Hundred and Fifty Wood Erfgramngs, strongly botmd in leather, 
 
 ' with raised bamd?. 
 While this work is not offered as a substitute for the regular text- books, for the purpose of study, 
 its conjvenient form, and the amount of information condensed in its pages, together with t)je ful- 
 ness of its illustrations, render it eminently suited as a work of reference for the office table 
 of the practitioner. To render it more convenient for the student, it is divided into seven por- 
 tions, corresponding to the leading divisions of medical and surgical science. These are paged 
 separately, and may be had done up in stout covers, each being perfect in itself, and forming con- 
 venient volumes to carry in the pocket to the lecture room, or fitting ^thetn to be sent by mail. It 
 will thus be seen that this work affords, at a price unprecederitedly low^ a series of digests of the 
 medical and surgical sciences, clearly and conveniently arranged, and forming a complete set of 
 
 HANDBOOKS FOR. STUDENTS, 
 
 as follows: — 
 ANATOMY; '80 large pages, with 1.57 Illustrations. Price 15 Cents. 
 PHYSIOLOGY: 134 pages, with 40 IMastrations. Price &I) Cents. 
 SURGERY; 132 pages, with 51 Illastrations. Prite 60 Cents. 
 OBSTETRICS; H* pages, with 37 Illustrations. Price 50 Cents. 
 MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; 116 pages, with 29 
 
 Illustrations. Price 50 Cents. 
 CHEMISTRY; 94 pages, with 19 Illustrations. Price 4:0 Cents. 
 THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE; 152 pages^ with 3 Illustrations. 50 Cents. 
 Any one of which itiay be had separate ; or, the whole will be done up and mailed, with the postage 
 prepaid, on the remittance of $4 j or, if $5 is remitted. The Medical News will be sent in addition. 
 
 It should be noticed that the amount of matter on a page is unusually large, thus making these 
 Handbooks not only low priced, but extraordinarily CHEAP. 
 
 We do not share in the opinion entertained by some, that compendiums of science are not desirable, or 
 with the still smaller number, whoVsteem them useless. On the contrary, when well executed, they are of 
 essential service to the student; and so far as we have seen, most of them have contained an amount of in- 
 formation which older Individiials— even they who disparage ihem— may be presunied to be far frompos- 
 sessinR. Takhi'^ the work before us, we can certainly say that.no one who has not occupied himself with 
 the different scielitifie treatises and essays that have appeared recently, and has wjthal a rare memory, could 
 pretend to feoSsess the knowledge contained in it; and hence vve can recommend it to such— ss well as to 
 students especially— for its general accuracy and adequacy for their purposes; and to the well informed 
 practitioner to aid him in recalling what may easily have passed from his remembrance. We repeat our 
 favorable impression as to the value of this book, or series of books; and recommend it as decidedly useful 
 10 those especially who 'are commencing the study of their profession.- TAe Mediedl Examiner. 
 
 We have no hesitation in recommending it to students.— Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, Dec. 1848. 
 
 Booksof this description are most erroneously denounced, from the supposition that they are intended to 
 lake the place of elaborate treatises ; but their object is rather lo assist the student in'mastering the elements 
 of medicine, and to aid 8ie practitioner by refreshing his recollection of former studies. In short, a manual 
 or compendium is to the standard text-books in medicineand surgery what " the finder" is to the telescope of 
 the astronomer. It gives to the inquirer a key to the object of bis pursuit, and enables him to trace out those 
 parts which require to be especially studied. We have looked through thi8.,cpmpendiui^, and we find that the 
 authors have really succeeded in compressing a large amount of valuableiinfomation into a very small com- 
 pass We recommend this work especially to the nqtice of our junior reiaders. To those who are about to 
 commence their studies in a.medical, school it will be~ found a serviceable guide.— io»£io» Medical- O-azeite, ■, 
 
 It aims to give a condensed account of every question touching the several branches of medicine, and on 
 this account -m'M arrest llie attention of every candidate for his doctorate. It is not simply a work for the in- 
 struction of the novices, it may be consulted by thegeneral praetiliqner with infinite advantage. The different 
 depanmems of which it treats are illustrated by handsome plates, and will serve' to impress the mind of the 
 student with clear'and definite ideas on the various subjects comprehended in the work. ,It is, we think, 
 an eioellent hook of the kind, and wiUno doubt become highly popular with the students throughout the 
 United States. To the medical student it may be confidently recommended as well as lo the general prac- 
 titioner, whose constant occupation wilj, not allow hin) the necessary leisure to read more elaborate and 
 comprehensive works.— The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal.' 
 
 It will matrrially assist the student and practitioner in refreshiSg his knowledge on points previously ac- 
 auired but upon which he may have become in a measure,rusty— for this purpose it is admirably adapted, 
 and we believe will not only prove acceptable to the student of medicine, but also to the profes|j.Qn at large. 
 — N. Y. Journal of Medietne. • , '. ..,'.. 
 
 The arrangement adopted will be found at once concise and cl^r; while its mechanical execution, its co- 
 Dious pictorial illustrations in the branches of anatomy, physiology, surgery, obstetrics, materia medit-a and 
 ehemistiv together with its ueat, cheap and convenient form, will recommend it to all such students and . 
 nracdtkmers who may desire to avail themselves of what cannot fail to prove, if kept within i(d proper sphere, 
 a convenient and useful remembrancer.— itoiertcan Journal <tfthe^Medwal Sciences. 
 
28 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICA^IoM 
 
 LIBRARY OF ILLUSTRATED SCIENTIEIC WORKS. 
 
 UNDER THIS TITLE LEA & BLANCHAED ARE PUBLISHING 
 
 A SERIES OF BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WORKS, » 
 
 ^ ,0N VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE, t, , » 
 
 BY THE MOST DISTIjfGUISHEP MEN IN THEIR RESPECTIVE DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Printed in the handsomest style, and embellished in Jjie most efficient manner. 
 
 ny'No expense has been or will be spared to render this series, worthy of the support of the scientific pub- 
 lic, while at the same time it is one of the handsomest specimens of typographical and artistic ezecutioa 
 which have appeared in this country. 
 
 Specimens lif the Engravings And style qf the volumes may he had on npplicatian to the vublishers, 
 MULLER'S FHYSICS-LATELY ISSUED. ^* 
 
 PRINC'iPLES 
 
 OF 
 
 PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY. 
 
 BY PROFESSOR J. MULLER, M. D. 
 
 EDITED, WITH ADDITIONS, BY R, EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D- 
 In one large and handsome octavo volume, with 550 wood-cuts, and two colored plates. 
 
 This i& a book of no ordinary or ephemer;al value. Iti^oneof a eeries, now republishing in Londonyon the 
 different branches of science, which from its thorough character and extended range, is much needed in 
 this country. Its design is.to render more easily accessible an extensive knowledge ofthe^general principles 
 of physics and meteorolo^^yi-and thfe distinguished author has certainly realized the design to a wonderful 
 extent. The subjects treated upon are very numerous — statics, hydrostatics, dynamics, hydrodynamics, pneu- 
 matics, the laws of the motions of waves in general, sound, the theory of musical notjes,theyoiioe and hearing, 
 geometrical and physical optics, magnetism, electricity and galVahism, in all their eiibdiVi^ons, heat and 
 meteorology. The size is nevertheless convenient— qne handsome octavo vojume, of qlx hundred pages — 
 in clear, bold type, and profusely illustrated. In the execution of the illufetratiohs we have rarely seen any 
 thing equal to this American edition.— JVi Y. Commercial 
 
 This is a large, elegant and most admirable voiume-rthe iirst of a series qf . scientific books now ipassing 
 through the press in London, and which cannot fail to cohimend Ihemsefves to the favor of all who take any 
 interest in the progress of science among the great mass of the people. The author is one of the most diBtin- 
 guished scientific men in-tJermany, and these works have been prepared yviui the, utmost care, and are put 
 forth in a form admirably adapted to secure that wide circulation and universal favor which they deserve. — 
 N. Y. Courier and Inquirer. ■ .1 ' ■ '. i ' "", 
 
 The Physics of MuUer is a work superb, complete, unique : the greatest want knov^n to English Science 
 could not have been better supplied. The work is of surpassing interest. The value of this icomribtition^to 
 the scientific records of this country niay be duly estimated by the. fact that the cost of,the, original drawings 
 and engravings alone has exceeded thb sum of ±2,000.— Xawce/. 
 
 A work of which all parties maybe protid.-^ Colonization J^erald. 
 
 An excellent work, fully and eleganUy illustrated.-^StVZiman's Journal. 
 
 At the present day it can hardly be requisite to speak of the absolute necessity for a well-educated physi- 
 cian to be conversant with Natural Philosophy. At every turn he is met with the nee,d of aknqyvledge of its 
 principles ; and, in projjortion as he i^ vvell instructed in thefee, ceteris paribus, will he be prepared to lirao- 
 itce successfully and with advantage to himself. ^ No surgeon, thoroughly imbued with the laws of Physics, 
 can ever be at a loss in the application of his various apparatus, to meet the continually changing requisitions 
 ofhisartjwithotit a prSictical knowledge of the same, he must ever beanoViceandabunglei;. The number 
 and beauty of the woodcuts struck us at once. They are unsurpassed in distinctness of outline'and clearness 
 of delineation. We sincerely wish success to the undertakin*g,belieVing, vvhen finished] that the whole series 
 will form a valuable scibnlinc library.— T/te Medical Exami-^er. 
 
 .,Froin professor Renwick, 0/ Princeton University.. 
 
 I have been much gratified w;ith the style,in which the work is .got up. It is not only highly creditable to 
 the publishers, In comparison with other American books of a similar character, but, will stand on equjility 
 with the. best foreign editions. ; 
 
 From PtofessoT W. H. Bariktty XT. S. Military Atademy, West Point. 
 
 I deem this work a most valuable addition lo the educational facilities of the country, and a rich source of 
 information to the general reader, as it is truly an elegant specimen of typography. * 
 
 NOW READY. 
 
 tRAGTICAL PHARMACY. 
 
 COMPRISING THE ARRANGEMENTS, APPARATUS, AND MANIPULATIONS OF THE 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL SHOP AND LABORATORY. 
 
 BY FRANCIS MOHR, Ph. D., 
 
 Assessor PharmaciEB of the Royal Prussian College of Medicine, Coblentz ; 
 
 AND THEOPHILUS REDWOOD, 
 
 Professor of Pharmacy in the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 
 
 EDITED, WITH EXTENSIVE ADDITIONS, 
 
 BY PROFESSOR WILLIAM PROCTER, 
 Of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. 
 
 In one handsomely printed octaTo volume, of 670 pages, with over 500 engravings on wood. 
 
 95- For fuller Advertisement, see p. 17. 
 
 MnpreparaUon, wiorhs on jaetcMurgy, Food, the Steam Engine, Jllachines, ^stronomff, 
 
 Sural Economy, Se, 
 
'^ , * LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 29 
 
 ; — , — ^1 i, : — , . . ' 
 
 Idbr^ry of Illustrated Scientific Works, {Continued.) 
 
 I KNAPF'S O^EMIOAL TfiOHWOLOGt, 
 
 T E C H NT) L G Y; 
 
 OR, CniMlSTM APPLIED TO: THE ARTS AKD TO lANUftCTURES. 
 BY DR. F. KNAPP, 
 
 Professor at the University of Giessen. 
 Mdiiedf with numeroua JVotea and mldditions, hy 
 
 DR. EDMUND HOlSfALDS and DR. THOMAS RICHARDSON. 
 First American Edition, with Notes and Additions, 
 
 By Professor WALTER R. JOHNSON. 
 
 In two handsome octavo volumes, printed and illustrated in the highest style of art. 
 
 Volume One, lately published, with two hundred and' fourteen large wood engravings. 
 
 Volume Two, just ce^dy, with two hundred and fifty wood engravings. 
 
 One of the best works of modern times. — New York Commercial, 
 
 We think it wiU prove ihielmost popular, as it is deoidediy the best of the series. Written by one who has 
 for many years studied both theoretieally and practicAlly the processes which he describes, the descriptions 
 are precise, and conveyed in a simple unpretending style, so that they are easily understood, while they are 
 sufficiently full in deta'il, to fAclude within them everyihihg necessary to the entire comprehension of the ^ 
 operations. The work is also carefully brought dowh tp include the most recent improvements introduced 
 upon the continent of Europe, and thus gives us full descriptions of processes to which reference is fre- 
 quently made in other vyoTKs, wiiile many of iheni are. we beli,ev^, now far the first ,t[imej presented in a com- 
 plete slate to the English iteafler.-r-f'rawifc/in. Institute Journal, 
 
 In addition to the valuable scientific matter contained jn the Qtjginq.1 work, very extensive American addi- 
 tions have been made to ii by the editor, which are exceedingly, valuable, and of much interest to the general 
 reader. The publishers have spare^d no pains in bri^gi^ig out a work of superior mechanical execution 
 and rare excellence, with numerous skilfully engraved' cuts, designed to illustrate the various subjects 
 treated in this work. We feel confidei»thal,as a friAly^usefulpublication,iltwili,be eagierly sought after and 
 highly appreciated.— iV. y. i^'armer and iMTccAamcl .7 
 
 'Wehad the pleasure of noticing, in a former number, the first vblume of this excellent work, aiid of ex- 
 pressing our high sense pf its vajue. We need say little more, iherefore,of;its continuation, than'lhat it fully 
 snstains the character of its predecessor, both in regard lojhe value pf the priginal treatise, and -tha number 
 and importance of the additions which have been made to it by the' English e4ijprs. — The British and 
 ^ortngn^ Medico- Ckirurgical Review. '' '" ' ' 
 
 Wheu'we say that this volume begins another of the superb " Library of Illustrated Books," "republished 
 from the London series by, Ma,& Blanchard, of which Muller's Physics ajid Meteorology, and Weisbach's 
 Mechanics and Engineeiiag (the first volume of the latter), have, already ..appeared; that the present work is 
 on a subject coming Home to the business and bosoms, because to 'the economic interests of Americans; that 
 its American editor is Prof. Walter R. Johnson, who has en^ich,ed.it with numerous yaluable additions, the 
 results of his own industrious researches in-the le'chnol6gical Sciences ; 'and that it is illustrated and printed 
 in the same superb style which marked the previous works;— we have suf^cienlly explained to our readers 
 the value of a work which will not need any other commendation.— JVorift, American. 
 
 'No i;ae.chanic, student of pfeemistry, miner, or manufacturer should orp it piuchasin'g this work. It will be 
 found useftU, iiUereslin^ and in«lructiveilJO a.\L—JPiitsburgh Commercial Journal. 
 
 WEISBACH'S MECHANICS. 
 
 principles" OF THE 
 
 MECHANICS OF MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING. 
 
 By Professor JULIUS WEISBACH. 
 
 TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY JPROFESSOR GORDON, OF GLASGOW. 
 
 First American Edition, witli Additions 
 
 By Professor WALTER R. JOHNSON. 
 
 : IN TWO OCTAVO VOLDMES, BEAUTIFULLY PRINTED. 
 
 Volume One, with 550 illustrations, just JHsupfJ. 
 
 Volume Two, with 3o0 illustrations, nearly ready. 
 
 The second volume of this work emibracestlie application of the Principles of Mechanics to 
 Roofs, Bridges, Pl^tfpjcift Scales, Water Powers, Dams, Water Wheels, Turbine, Water Engines, 
 £cc. &c. 
 
 This work is one of the n-ostiTMferesting'lO'raathfimaticians that 'has been laid before us for some time ; and 
 we may safely term it a scierU^egem. — The BuUderi 
 
 The most valuable contribution to practical science that has yet appeared in this country. — AtheneBum. 
 
 Unequalled by .anything of the kind yeiproduced in thisicountry--ih0 most standard -'book on mechanics, 
 machinery and engineering now extant, — N. Y, Cotrnnercial. 
 
 In every way worthy of being recommended to our readers— Frani^m Institute Journal. 
 
 What the " M^chanique Celeste" is to the astronomer, a treasury of princii>lesj facts, andforinulEe on which 
 he may draw on almost any and every occasion, that can be conceived, to arise m the field either of demon- 
 stration or operatibn.— ilfe(AodM( Quarterly Review. 
 
 ■ . From pharlejsH: Haawellj Esq.f Engineer in Chiefs U.S. N. 
 
 The ctei^i^n of the duthor in siipplj^hg the inslrufitdr with a guide for'leaching, and the student with an anz- 
 iliary for the'acquirementoflhesclence of mechanics, has, in my opinion, been attained in a most success- 
 ful manner. -iThb; illustrations, in the fullness "of their confetruction, and'in typograjihical exedution, are 
 without a parallel. It will afford me much pleasure to recommend its use by the members of ihe^profe^sion 
 with which I am connected. 
 
30 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 51 
 
 TOUATT &. SKINNER'S GRKAT IVOBK ON TQB HOR^X!. ' 
 
 THiB HORSE. By William To%tt. 
 
 A NEW EDITION, WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS:,, 
 Containing a full account of the Diseases of the Horse, with their mode of treatment; his Ana- 
 tomy, and the usyal operations performed on him ; his Breedine, Breaking, and Manage- 
 ment,* and hints on his Souhdness, and' the Purchase aiid Sale. 
 
 TOaSTHEB WITH A 
 
 GENERAL HISTORY OF THE HORSE; K 
 
 A Dissertation on the American Trotting Horse, how Trained and Joclteyed, an account of hia 
 remarkable performances ; and ' 
 
 AN ESSAY. ON THE ASS AND THE MUL'E,. 
 BT I S. SEINNEB, Assistant Postmaster-General, and Editor of the Tdt! Register. 
 
 In one large and handsome octavo Tolume, with numerous woodcuts. 
 This edition of Ybuatt'a well-known arid standard work on the ^ana^ment, Disoles, and Treatment of 
 the HoTse, has already obtained guch a wide ciriiulation throughout the country, that the Publishers need say 
 nothing to attract to it the attentibn and bonfiderice of all who keep Horses or are interested in theiiBprove- 
 
 ci.ate:r>s farrikr. 
 
 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER: 
 
 CONTAINING THE CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, ANn, MOST APPROVED METHODS OP CURE 
 OF THE DISEASES OF HORSES. 
 
 BY FRANCIS GLATER, Author of "Every Man his own Cattle Doetor," 
 
 AND HIS SON, JOHN CLATER. 
 FIRST AMERICAN, FROM THE TWENTY-EIGHTH LONDON EDITION. 
 
 WITH HOTES AND ADDITIONS BT J. S. SKINNER. 
 
 In one ISmo. voldme, cloth. 
 CIiATER'S CATTLE DOCTOR. 
 
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 Containing the Causes, Symptoms, and Tkeatment ov all Diseases incident to Oxen, 
 Sheep, and Swine ; and a Sketch of the Anatomy and Physiology or 
 Neat Cattle. BY FEANCIS CLATER. , 
 Edited, Revised, and almost Rewritten, by Williau Youatt. With Numerous Additions, em- 
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 by J. S. SKiimEH, Assistant Postmaster-General. 
 In one duodecimo voltme, cloth, with numerous illustrations'. 
 
 YOUAirT ON THK PIG. 
 
 THE FIG: 
 
 A Tbeatise oir the Bbeeds, Manageiieht, FEEDrirs, and Medicai. Tbeatkent of SwrvE, with 
 
 DiBECTIOHS FOB SALTING PoEK, AND CdBINQ BACON AND HAUS. BT WM. YOUATT, V. S., 
 
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 ILLUSTBATED WITH ENGBAVINGS DBAWN FBOM LIFE, BY WILLIAM HAHVET. 
 
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 YOUATT ON THK DOG. 
 
 THE DOG, By William Youatt, Author of "The Horse," &c. 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS AND BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 EiDITED BY E. J. I^KIVIS, M.D., dl>c.&c. 
 
 In one beautifully printed T^olume, crown octavo. 
 
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 JOHNSON AND LANDRETH ON FRUIT, KITCHEN, AND FLOWER GARDENING. 
 
 A DICTIONARY OF MODERN GARDENING. Bv Geoeoe William Johnson, Esq., Author of the 
 " Principles of Practical Gardening," "The Gardener's Almanac," Sec. With one hundred and eighty 
 wood-cuts. Edited, with Numerous Additions, by David Landreth, of l^hiladelphia. In one large royal 
 duodecimo volume, extra cloth, of nearly six hundred and fifty double-coliimried pages. 
 
 THE COMPLETE FLORIST. 
 
 A MANUAL OF GARDENING:' containing Practical Instructions for the Management of Greenhouse 
 Plants, and for the Cultivation of the Shrubbery, the Flower Garden, and the Lawn ; with Descriptions of 
 those Plants and Trees most worthy of Culture in each Department. With Additions and Amendments, 
 adapted to the Climate of the United States. In one small volume. Price only twenty-five cents. 
 
 THE COMPLETE KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDENER. 
 
 A SELECT MANUAL OF KITCHEN .GARDENING, and the Culture of Fruits; contaijiinK Familiar 
 Directions for the most approved Practice in each Department, Dpsbrjptions of many valuable Fruits, aind 
 a Calendar of Work to be performed each Month in the Ye&i. The whole adapted to the Climate of the 
 United States. In one small volutiic, paper. Price only twenty- five cents. 
 
 lANDRETH'S RURAL REGISTER and ALMANAC for 1848, WITH NrMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Still on h^nd, a few copies of the REGISTER for 1847, with over one hundred wood-cuts. This work has 
 150 large ISmo. pages, double columns. Though published annually, and containing an almanac, the piia- 
 cipal part,of the matter is of permanent ulilily tdthe horticulturist and fanner. • 
 
CONTENTS OP THE 
 
 AfflERIGAN JOURNAL OF THE HEDICAL SCIENCES. April, 1849. 
 ORIGINAL COMMUNIC/VTIONS. 
 
 ff Mehoiss and Cases, pp. 277-410. ', 
 
 Strt. I. Leidy on the Intimate Structure and History of the Articular Cartilages. (With tWo plates.) 
 ■M- JiUcksao's Observations offiiydropliobia. with cases, in one of whicli chloroform was administered with a 
 Tavorable result. III. Meijs" History pf Five Cases of Pseudo-membranous La'ryngitis or true Croup; in 
 three of which the Operation of Tracheotomy was performed, and in two successfully. IV. Parkman's Ex- 
 tracts from the Records of the Boston Society for Medical Improvement. V. Sarffent's Report of the Cases or 
 Small-Pox received into the Philadelphia City Hospital in ib45-6, VI. Peaslee's Case otOvufiw Dropsy. 
 VII. Warren on ttie Effects of Chlorofor Ai as a Narcotic Ag$nt. VIII. Bond's Cases of. Retrbveribnbflhe 
 Uterus, with a description of a New Instrument for its Restoration. (With two wood-cuts.) IX. Rusohenber- 
 ger's Cases of Extraction of a glass goblet from the Rectum— Fracture of the Penis. (With a wood-cut.) 
 
 Reviews.' pp. 411-441. 
 X. Obstetrics, the Science and tlie Art. By CD. Meigs, M. D. With 121 cuts, 8vo. pp. 685. XI. Reports on 
 Lunacy. ^ " ' 
 
 BiBLioettAFHicAi. NOTICES, pp. 448-464. 
 XII. Ames on Epidemic Meningitis, XIII. Manley's Anniversary Discourse. XIV. Stevens's Plea of 
 HumaiMrin Behalf of Medical Education^ XV. Kitkesand Paget'sManUi^iof Physiology. XVI. Bowman's 
 Introdin:$in to Practical Chemistry, in'tjludlng Analysis. XVII. Morfit and iVtiickle's Chemical and Phar- 
 maceutical Manipulations. XVIII. New York Report on the subject of Asiaiic Cholera. XIX. Philadel- 
 phia Report on Public Hygiene. XX. Summary.of the TransactionsofiheCbllegeof Physicians of Philadel- 
 phia,-from September 16, 1848, to January 2, 1849, inclusive. 
 
 QUARTERLY SUMIVIARY ' 
 
 OF TEE fflPROTEMENTS AND DISCOVERIES IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 
 FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. 
 
 , Anatomy AND Physiology, pp. 4^5-467. - • 
 
 1. Pa^eJpn the Blood Corpuscles of the Human Embryo; 2. iScA*i|f on tlre^Changes in iWe Lunga after Di- 
 vision of^e Pneumogastric Nerves. 3. Hamernih on the Mechauipm of the Heart. 
 u OaGAmc Chemistry, pp 467-470. 
 4. LeAmann on the Natumof the Gastric Jtiice. 5. WoA^er and' Freric/iS on the Changes of Organic Sub- 
 stances on their passage into the Urine. 6. RegnauU and Reiset on the Chemical Changes of Respiration. 
 7. Dr. Bernard on the Source of Sugar in the AjiimaL Economy. 
 
 'Materia Medica and Pharmacy, pp. 470-476, 
 
 8. Pereira on Cod-Liver Oil. 9. Bouchardat a.nd'Stuart- Cooper on the Physiological and Therapeutic Ac- 
 tion of Atropia. 10. Chavannes on the advantages of Chloride of Gold as a Caustic. 11. Miilon on the 
 Nutritive Properties of Bran. 13. Bonovan on vegetable Infusions. 
 
 Medical Pathology and Therapeutics and Practical Medicine pp. ^76-499. ■ * 
 
 13. i)r.ilfoffi6er('5 Case of Hydrophobia Spontanea. 14i. Valleia: on Muscular RheumUlism. 15. Soloftou. 
 Bilious Pneumonia. 16. RilUeton Melaena Neonatorum. 17. Elam on Chorea. 18. Schneider , on Sangui- 
 nous Perspiration. 19. Dr. Fickford's Case in which the Physical Signs of the ])osition of the Heart were de- 
 ceptive. 20. Jahseh on the Signs of I)i5e9.sed Heart afforded to the hand laid over the PrEecordium. 21. 
 Bellingham on Polyform Concretions in the Cavities of the Heart. 22. & Ferret on Pleuritis simulating 
 Pericarditis. 23. Greene on, Encyste(d_ "Tubercles in the Lungs; 24. Mdyne ottt Phthisis in the Infant. 
 S5. M. Levy on Acute Tubercular Meningitis in the Adult. 26. PaUer5on''s Case of Variola in w}iich tire 
 Eruption was found in the Mucqus Membrane of the Colon. 27. Watsomon Intra-Uterine Sraall-Pox. 
 28. Goffi&en'ni on Nocturnal Neuralgia of the Forearm. '29. £enne( on SpbnllSfeoaB cure of Ovarian Dropsy, 
 by means of an Ulcerative Opening pf the Cyst iiito the Bladder. 30. Delasiauveon the Treatmentof Epilepsy. 
 31. JLfeisens on Iodide of Potassium'in Ssfturnuie* Affections. 32. Wilige oh the external use of Iodine in 
 Croup, .33. Spre^on Spigelia Marylandicain Pruritus Ani. 34. Owen. -Reese on Lemon Juice in Rheumatic 
 Gout, 35. Neams on the employme(itpf Nu;f jVomica in the Diarrhoea, of "E^liaaBUon. -3^,,. Dri Fickford on 
 the Beneficial Effects of Coffee jn Infantile Cholera. 37. Palsy of the Tongue^cured by galvano-punclure. 
 38. Manzolini and QuagliTw on the Injection of various substances into the veins. 
 
 SuRGicAEi Pathology and THBRAPEUTies and Operative 'Surgery, pp. 499-508. 
 
 30. ffM(Ane on Hospital Gangrene. 40.- Toj/w&ee^'s Pathological Researches into the Diseases of the Ear. 
 41. riZ( on Ovarian Dropsy. 42. ^ancoc'A on Aneurism of the Axillary Artery. 43. Caoperon Ligature of 
 Subclavian foilowed'by incessant Cough. 44. Willis on Inguinal Aneurism— Ligature of the left extlilhal 
 iliac*' Artery. 45. 'tujndl on Femprat Aneurism — Compression tried without success— AmputaUon. 46. 
 Blandin on Wound of the Right Kidney su^essfully treated. 47. Sewell on Lateral TransniMure of the 
 Chest by a Scythe Blade, foltewed by complete recovery. 48. Neuhold andr Hasserbronc on the Employment 
 ofSugar of Lead in Strahgulfited Hernia. 4^. VidaVs New Method of Treating Urethral Pains following 
 Gh}norrhc£a. 50. Tkevenot B.n6. Boi/er on Luxation of ^he Astragalus inwar^dsf Reduction. 5i: Mendoza on 
 Vertical Dislocation of the Patella. 52. GreenAow on Excision of the Os Calpiis. 53. Si/me on Excision of 
 the head of the Femlir iu Morbus CoXariiis. ' 54. C/tH.«(opAers' new mode of removing Naevi. 
 ^ Ophthalmology, pp. 508-509. 
 
 55. Mackenzte's CasaofCyslicercus Celluiosaiu the Human Eye 56. Dizon''s Gaseof Foreign Body in the^,Eye. 
 
 MiDWiPKRY. pp. 509-517. 
 
 57. Rouift on the Causes pf the Endemic Puerperal Fever of Vienna,, 58. .BMrdow on the Influence of the 
 Mother's Imagination upon the Production of Monstrous Children. 59. Mitchell on Ulceration of the Os and 
 Cervix Uteri treated with Solution of Gun-Cotton. 60. W^e6s(er on the Statistics, Pathology, and Treatment 
 ofPuerp^ral Insamty., 61. In what^Qases (other thq.n of Contracted Pelvis) is it^rop.er to induce abortion or' 
 Fretnature Labor. ' ^y&ubois: 63. Scawzom -on -the Cause of Hemorrhage in the latter months of Preg- 
 nancy in Cases of Placenta PrseviA. 63. i)Mcre5(ou,Cei;eb^al and Meningeal.Phlebitis in Puerperal Woraeu. 
 
 • " ~' ' ■ OHOLttRA. pl3'.'ffl7-5M. -^ ^ '■ 
 
 64. Taylor on the Chemical Examination of the Li<iaid Vomited during Cholera. 65. Boehm on the Micro- 
 scopic- lExftminatioiis of the Mucous Membrane of the Sidmach and Bowels'in Cholera 66. Lamprey on 
 Terchloride of Carbon as a Remedy for Cholera. 67- LitUe on Quinine in Cholera. 68. Robertson on Blood- 
 Letting in Cholera, 69. Robertson on the Injection of-Saline Solution into the Veins in Cholera. 70. Fretten- 
 bacher^s Conclusion respecting tl^amode.of Propagation of Cholera in Russia, in 1847-46. 
 
 ANiBSTHGTIC AGENTS, pp. 534-530. 
 
 71. Malgaigne on the Action of Chloroform. 72. Deaths from Chloroform. 73. Nunneley on the Ch'oride of 
 defiant Gas as an Ansesthetic. 74; St»i;psonon Naphtha asan AuEesthetic. 75, Higginson on Aneesthesia 
 from the local application of Chloroform. 76. Snoio on Chloroform in Midwifery. ■ ., 
 Medical Jitrisprudence and Toxicology, pp. 530-532. 
 
 77. Boucheton the Lunatic Asylum, Nantes. 78. Smith on Early Menstruation and Pregnancy, 
 
 MiSCELLAMEOUS. p. 532. / 
 
 70. i}r. SjsengZeron Influenza and Ozone. ' . ■ : r 
 
 {For remainder of Contents, see next page.) 
 
Two Medical Periodicals for Five Dollars. 
 THE AMERICAlT JOURNAL Ot '" 
 
 THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 
 
 EDITED BY ISAAC HAYS, M. Ct; 
 
 Is Published Quarterly , ,; 
 
 ON THE FIRST OF JANUARY, APRIL, JULY AND OCTOBER. 
 Each Number contains about Two Hundred and Eighty Large Octavo Pages, 
 
 And is appropriately Illustrated with Engravinga on Copper, Stone, Wood, &c. 
 
 The variety and extent of its contents may be estimated from the very condensed summary of the 
 
 Number for April, 1849, on the preceding page. 
 
 THE MEDICAL mm Alft) LIBEAEY '^ 
 
 Is Published Monthly, and consists of 
 THIRTY-TWO VERY LARGE OCTAVO PAGES, 
 
 CoBtaining the Medical Infprmaition of the day, as well as a Treatise of high character on a 
 
 prominent department of Medicine. 
 
 WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, 
 
 BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECfUEES ON SURGERY, 
 
 AND TODD & BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGY * 
 
 Have thus appeared in it, and the work at present pu'felishing is 
 
 WEST on THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. 
 
 Which, will be completed in the present year. 
 
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 AMERICAN MEDICAL PERIODICALS. 
 
 When the News is ordered separately, the price is One Dollar per annum, invariably in advance. 
 
 CONTENTS OF JOURNAL. (Continued from preceding Page.) 
 AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE. 
 
 ' . :; OHIOIMAI. COMMDNICATIOHS. pp. 533-536. 
 
 Clement's Case of Trismus Nascenlium, illustrative of the influence of position of the pftdenL HmiHoun's 
 Caseof Ovarian -Dropsy cured by the long Abdominal Incisionin 1701. ' <m > 
 
 Domestic Summakv. pp. 636-652. 
 
 Leidy on the Development of the Purkiniettn Corpusde in Bone. Leidy oathe Arrangement of the Areolar 
 Sheath of Muscular Faaoiculi and its relation iQ:the Tendon. Leidy on the Intermaxillary Bone in the Em- 
 bryo of the Human Subject/ (With two wood-euls.) ,jEve on Lithotomy— 117 Calculi weighing 4i ouncei, 
 , saccessfully removed, tqn Buren?s Case of Inguinal Aneurism— Compression tried without success—^ 
 Ligature of the Anery. Holster on Trephining for Epilepsy. WMtmire on Iodine in the Treatment of Snake» 
 bites. Fenner on Cholera in New Orleans. Iron Rod weighing 13i pounds driven through the Head— Re- 
 covery. By Dr. Harlonj-L^amHlon on Death frqi», pressure of an enlarged Thyroid Gland. Taylor on 
 Supertetalioh and MiXed^irths. Jackson's Case intvhich a large quantity of Chloroform was used. Hay^ 
 on Local Anaesthesia in Neuralgia. SHlle on GhloroftiMin Nephiritic Colic. Army Snrgeona. 
 
 Table of Contents, Index, &o., 20 pages. ' ■ 
 
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