CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ¥■ BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library HA2i5 .Sol + Statistical annais: olin 3 1924 030 394 641 Overs Date Due ^^ Cornell University Library The original of this bookis in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030394641 STATISTICAL ANNALS: EMBRACING VIEWS POPULATION, COMMERCE. NAVIGATION, FISHERIES, PUBLIC LANDS, POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT, REVENUES, MINT, MILITARY AND NAVAL ESTABLISHMENTS, EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC DEBT AND SINKING FUND, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: POUNDED ON (Mml documents: COMMENCING ON THE FOURTH OF MARCH SEVENTEEN HUNBKED AND EIGHTY-NINE AND ENDING ON THE TWENTIETH OF APRIE EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN. BY ADAM SEYBERT, M. D. A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES, FROM THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY OF NEW- YORK; FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF GfflTTINGEN, &c. PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY THOMAS DOBSON & SON, AT THE STONE HOUSE, No. 41, SOUTH SECOND, BETWEEN MARKET AND CHESNUT STREETS. WILLIAM FRY, PRINTER. 1818, A 5'3lf 5" Mastem District ef Pennsylvania, to wit: ********** Be it remembered, that on the sixth day of November, in the Forty-third year J SEAL * ot the Independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1818, Adam •«»##»«««» Seybert, of the said District, hath deposited in this office the Title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: " Statistical Annals : embracing Views of the Population, Commerce, Navigation, Fisheries, Public Lands, Post-Oflfice Establishment, Revenues, Mint, Military and Naval Establish- ments, Expenditures, Public Debt and Sinking Fund, of the United States of America: founded on Official Documents; commencing on the fourth of March, 1789, and ending on the twentieth of April. 1818. By Adam Seybert, M. D. a Member of the House of Representatives of the United States, from the state of Pennsylvania ; Member of the American Philosophical Society; Honorary Member of the Philosophical and Literary Society of New-York ; Fellow of the Royal Society of Goettingen, &c." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, intituled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned." — And also to the act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, entitled, " An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned," and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, FOLLOWING PAGES RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BX THE AUTHOR. "1 ADVERTISEMENT. ^ y^ ^TTTT^- Prior to the adoption of the present government for the United States, of America, it was not practicable to collect the facts and data for a Statistical account of our country ; the more important civU institutions were then exclu- sively under the control of the states respectively, and each state was sovereign and independent of the confederated government. In 1791, Mr. Tench Coxe published, " A Brief Examination of Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the United States." The facts and observa- tions, contained in his pamphlet, are interesting, and corrected many of the errors propagated, by his lordship, in 1783. In 1794, the same author published " A View of the United States of America," and connected with it some of the official documents for 1790, 1791 and 1792. In 1806, Mr. Samuel Blodget published, " A Statistical Manual for the United States of America;" his observations were continued to 1804. The statements in this work are deficient in the details ; they consist chiefly of general results and the estimates of the author; though many of his tables are ingeniously constructed, they do not furnish sufficient data for legislative purposes. In 1816, Mr. Timothy Pitkin published, " A Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States of America ;" the details in this work are more extensive than in any previous pubUcation, still many of our institutions are not noticed by the author. VI That a practical work was still a desideratum, was evident, from the opinions expressed in the United States, and confirmed by the declarations made in fo- reign countries, that the documents, annually published by the direction of Con- gress, could not be obtained.* Our character and interests demanded the proofs, to correct the numerous errors and misrepresentations, industriously circulated concerning the nature of our government, the condition of our institutions, and the general progress of the United States. The documents annually presented to Congress, are contained in more than one hundred and twenty volumes, and are too much diffused to be made the subjects of immediate reference. Moreover, we are confident, that no depart- ment of the government is in the possession of a complete set of these State Papers; on account of their scarcity it was ordered by the House of Representa- tives, that they should not be taken from the office of the clerk, though they were intended to be used in debate. These circumstances induced the author of the present work, to arrange the statements under a form that might be conve- nient and useful, and so that the details should be preserved. An authentic book of reference was the great object of his wishes. The views, presented in the following pages, embrace all the permanent sub- jects of national importance, from the commencement of the government in 1789, to the 20th of April, 1818. These views are connected with every variety of national existence, from the organization of the government ; tliey exhibit the United States in their infancy, and demonstrate their condition in peace and in war. No period of our future history can be more interesting than some of the past. No other nation has hitherto furnished an equal body of authentic infor- mation. The Author never did intend to load his work with mere opinions, specula- lations and estimates ; and he will be satisfied, if his labours contribute to diffuse correct information concerning his native country. He endeavoured to exliibit each subject under a plain and simple form ; he may have failed in the execution of his designs, but hopes that he will hereafter be able to do more than his first effort could accomplish. • To Mr. Joseph Nourse, register of the Treasury of the United States, the author tenders his ackn6\V- ledgments for his uniform politeness and the facilities afforded to his investigations. Vll The several subjects will be treated of in the order foIloAving, viz: 1. Preliminary Observations, concerning the progress of the United States. 3. Of the Population. 3. Of the Commerce. 4. Of the Navigation. 5. Of the Fisheries. 6. Of the Public Lands. 7. Of the Post Office Establishment. 8. Of the Revenues. 9. Of the Mint Establishment. 10. Of the Military Establishment. 41. Of the Naval Establishment. 12. Of the Expenditures. 13. Of the Public Debt and Sinking Fund. The preceding arrangement is founded on the natural order of Industry and Income; Expenditure and Debt. The Constitution of the United States is prefixed to this work, because, it is the basis upon which all the operations of the government must rest ; and especially, as the last edition of it, published under the authority of the govern- ment, contains a thirteenth amendment, which was not adopted by the requisite majority of the states. In regard of the style, the author is sensible that his work may, with truth, be said to be too sententious; but it should be considered, that his great object was accurate information for the people, who, in our country, constitute the mainsprings of action, and direct the policy of the nation. A style different from that which he has adopted, might have swelled the work, without adding a single fact to it; he therefore submits it in its present form. Note. The references to the acts of Congress, are for the edition of the Laws of the United States, published by Bioren & Duane, in 1815. Philadelphia, October 31, 1818. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION I. ALL legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a congress of the United LegislatiTe pow- States, which shall consist of a senate and house of representatives. ^"" SECTION II. The house of representatives shall be composed of members, chosen every second year, by Members, house the people of the several states ; and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications SveTbow'ch^sen requisite, for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five Qualification, years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, "l^'"''^" house be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. tives. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may Apportionment be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be de- °^ representa- termined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. The cxtual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative ; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of JVew -Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three — Massachusetts eight — Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one — Connecticut five — J^ew-York six— J\'ew-Jersey four — Pennsylvania eight — Delaware one — Maryland six — Virginia ten — JVorth Carolina five — South Carolina five — and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive authority vacanuies ho>p thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. *'"'=•'• b X CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. House of repre" sentatives choose officera. Senate, how cho- sen. Senators classed. Senators, qualifi- cation. Vice president vote. Senate choose officers. Try impeach- ments. Judgment on im. peachment. Elections, how held. Congress assem- ble annually. Elections, how judged. Quorum, senate and house of re- presentatives. Rules. Journals by each Jtousc, Adjournment. Compensation. Privileges. Arrfisfs. The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION III. The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years, and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expira- tion of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments, until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inha- bitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. The vice president of the United States shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tempore, in the ab- sence of the vice president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States. The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without tjie concur- rence of two thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honour, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SECTION IV. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislatures thereof; but the congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION V. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications, of its own mem- bers; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorised to compel the atteg^dance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly beliaviour, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house during the session of congress, shall, without the consent of the other, ad- journ for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall b^ sitting. \ SECTION VI. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, ex- cept treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance 2 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Xi at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and foB any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to Members n^ ap- any civil oflSce under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the P*"" * emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. SECTION VII. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives; but the senate Bills, i-evenae, ° . , ° ,, , .,, house of fepre- may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. aentatives. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the senate, shall, before Bills, their fin'- it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve, he shall " " • ^ sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsi- dered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill, shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate and house of repre- Resolutions and Sentatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the p°e^denf°of the president of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by United States him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SECTION vm. The congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; to pay the debts and provide for the Congress lay common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises, **''^^- shall be uniform throughout the United States: To borrow money on the credit of the United States: Borrow money. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Commeree, &c. Indian tribes: To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bank- Naturalization ruptcies, througlidui^^^nited States : ^^d bankruptcies. To coin mois|eyi i^(o|te the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of Coin, &c. weights and measures f*^ To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the Punish counter- United States: feit. To establish post offices and post roads : p^^^. ^gj^^g ^ To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to ^°f*- ™'"'^- authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries: fuTlrtsVomoiSd' To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court: To define and punish piracies and Congre.. .„ felonies committed on the high seas, and oflFences against the law of nations : tute courts. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures Declare war. on land or water : To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer Ri^se armies, term than two years : To provide and maintain a navy: ■ jg To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces : ;ress oonsti- xu CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Militia. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insur- rections, and repel invasions : Organise militia. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them, as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of trainingthe militia accord- ing to the discipline prescribed by congress : To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings : — And To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper, for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or office thereof. F.xclusive juris- diction ten miles. Congress make laws, general. Importation of persons after 1808. Habeas corpus. Attainder. Tax. No exportation duty. Money, how drawn. Titles not confer- red. States, not make treaties. States, not lay im- posts, &e. Or torvnage. SECTIOX IX. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year eighteen hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enu- meration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law: and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by tlie United States: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION X. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold^and^kgr coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, 'f"**?i^wB}iring the obli- gation of contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. N^^ '^^^^ No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laA\s shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in a war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE IL SECTION I. E.tecuilve power. I'he executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the vice president^ chosen for the sanie term, be elected as follows ; CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. xiii Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may mre«t, a number Electors, how ap- of electors, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state P°"''*''' may be entitled in the congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors sh^ll meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of Electors meei whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they Proceedings, shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the pre- sence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of re- presentatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote: a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors, shall be the vice president. But if there should re- main two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them by ballot, the vice president. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they Day electors shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. ™^'^'' No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of Qualification of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the office of president; neither shall any states!"' ^""^'^ person be eligible to that office, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States, In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability Removal of pre. to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the vice pre- g'ta^tes. sident, and the congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, bo]t}» of the president and vice president, declaring what officer shall tiien act as president, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, er a president shall be elected. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall President United neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected; ^'^"^^ compensa- and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he ent|^ on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: Oativ " I do solemnly' t^ear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute tlie office of president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the consti- tution of the United States." SECTION II. The president shall be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and President United of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States ; ^""•''^ powers. he may require the opinion in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive depart- ments, upon any subject relating to the duties of the respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties. Make treaties. provided two thirds of the senators present, concur: and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and Appoint officers, consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose ap- XIV Vacancies in fice. CONST^rUTlON OF THE UNITED STATES. poiHtments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments, of- The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. President United States duties. Officers remova- ble by impeach' ment. SECTION nx. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration, such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and. shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION XV. The president, vice president, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Judicial powers and tenure of judges. Judicial power, extensioD. Siupreme court, jurisdiction. Trials by jury. Treason. Attainder. ARTICLE III. SECTION I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECTION II. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this consti- tution, the laws of the United States and the treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party, to controversies between two or more states, between a state and citizens of another state, between citizens of different states, between citizens of the same state claim- ing lands under grants of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate ju^adicti^ both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the cob^t^s ^pul make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jBy ;. and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed. SECTION III. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of trea- son, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on the confession in open court. The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of trea- son shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted'. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. XV ARTICLE IV. SECTION I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state, to the public acts, records, and judicial Acts of states ac- proceedings of every other state. And the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the man- '=''^''''*<'- ner in which such acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SECTION 11. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in Citizens privi- the several states. °^^^' ' A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice. Persons charged and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from j*""* "'""^^ "^^" which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labour in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such ser- vice or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due. SECTION III. New states may be admitted by the congress into this union; but no new state shall be New states ad- formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the """*''• junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislature of the states concerned as well as of the congress.* The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations, Territoiy of Uni- respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this t^^ States, constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. SECTION IV. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union, a republican form of govern- RepubUcan form, ment, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments, amendments to this constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the '"''^ *"*'°^''- several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case shall .* Since the adoption of this Constitution, the following new states have been admitted into the union viz. In 1791, Kentucky, by act of 4th of February, 1791, vol. ii. chap. 78. to take effect on the 25th instant. In the same year, Vermont ; act 18th February, 1791 ; vol. ii. chap. 81. In 1796, Tennessee ; act 1st June, 1796 ; vol. ii. chap. 341. In 1802, Ohio ; act ?Oth A^ril, 1802 ; vol. iii. chap. 300. In 1812, Louisiana; act SthloFApril, 1812 ; vol. iv. chap. 373, to take effect on the 30th instant. In 1816, Indiana, by ^a joint resolution of Congress, on the 11th of December, 1817. In 1817, Mississippi, by a joint resolution of Congress, on the 10th of December, 1817. In virtue of the acts admitting the several states into the union ; Kentucky, Vermont and Tennessee were each allowed to have two representatives ; and Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi, each one represenUtive in the house of representatives of the United States, until the enumerations of the inhabitants, next following their admission should be made. ' The states of Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana and Mississippi, were formed from tenitories which beloneed to the United States. ° The foUoMiug are territories of the United States, viz. t. Michigan territory, established by act of 1 1th of May, 1805 ; vol. iii. chap. 419. 2. Illinois territory, established by act of 3d of Februar-/, 1809 ; vol iv. chap. 184. In 1818, (act 18th of April 1818 1 the inhabitants of the Illinois territory were authorised to form a constitution and state government, and to be admitted into the union. Their admission will take place as soon as their constitution shall be approved by congress. 3. Missouri territory, established by act of 4th of June, 1812; vol. iv. chap. 418. i. Alabama territory, established by act of 3d of March, 1817. Each territory, having five thousand free male inhabitants, is entitled to send one delegate to the house of representa- tives of the United States; he may debate on any subject, though he cannot vote on any question. XV] CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legisla-' tures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the congress; provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article : and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate. ARTICLE VI. Debts i)rior to All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, adoption constitu- ^'\n^\\ bg as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the confederation. tion. ~ ^ taw of This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this constitution : but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office of public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. Ratification. The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, and deputy from Virginia. tion. Treaties land. Oath or affirma- tion to members. JVew -Hampsh ire. JOHN LANGDON, NICHt)LAS OILMAN. .Massachusetts. NATHANIEL GORHAM, EUFUS KING. Connecticut. WILLIAM SAMUEL JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN. JVew-Forfc. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. ^ew-Jersey. WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, nAVID BREARLEY, WILLIAM PATTERSON, JONATHAN DAYTON. Pennsylvania. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, THOMAS MIFKHN, ROBERT MORRIS, GEORGE CLYMER, THOMAS FITZSIMONS, JARED INGERSOLL, JAMES WILSON, GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, Delaware. GEORGE REED, GUNNING BEDFORD, Junr. JOHN DICKINSON, RICHARD BASSETT, JACOB BROOM. Maryland. JAMES M'HENRY, DANIEL of St. THO. JENIFER, DANIEL CARROL. JOHN BLAIR, "-^ JAMES MADISON, Jun. JVort/i Carolina. WILLIAM BLOUNT, RICHARD DOBBS SPAIGHT, HUGH WILLIAMSON. South Carolina. JOHN RUTLEDGE, CHARLES C. PINCKNEY, CHARLES I'lNCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER. Georgia. WILLIAM FEW, ABRAHAM BALDWIN. Attest, WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretwy. convention. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. XVii IN CONVENTION, Monday, September ITth, 1787. Resolved, That the preceding constitution be laid before the United States in congress assem- Proceedings in bled, and that it is the opinion of this convention, that it should afterwards be submitted to a ' convention of delegates, chosen in each state by the people thereof, under the recommendation of its legislature, for their assent and ratification; and that each convention assenting to, and ratifying the same, should give notice thereof to the United States in congress assembled. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this convention, that as soon as the conventions of nine states shall have ratified this constitution, the United States in congress assembled, should fix a day on which electors should be appointed by the states which shall have ratified the same, and a day on which the electors should assemble to vote for the president, and the time and place for commencing proceedings under this constitution. That after such publication, the electors should be appointed, and the senators and representatives elected. That the electors should meet on the day fixed for the election of the president, and should transmit their votes, certi- fied, signed, sealed, and directed, as the constitution requires, to the secretary of the United States, in congress assembled ; that the senators and representatives should convene at the time and place assigned ; that the senators should appoint a president of the senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening, and counting the votes for president; and, that after he shall be chosen, the congress, together vrith the president, should, without delay, proceed to execute this constitution. By the unanimous order of the convention, GEORGE WASHINGTON, President. William Jackson, Secretary. IN CONVENTION, September 17th, 1787. SIR, We have now the honour to submit to the consideration of the United States in congress assembled, that constitution which has appeared to us the most adviseable. The friends of our country have long seen and desired, that the power of making war, peace, and treaties ; that of levying money, and regulating commerce, and the correspondent execu- tive and judicial authorities, should be fully and eflfectually vested in the general government of the union: but the impropriety of delegating such extensive trust to one body of men, is evident — Whence results the necessity of a different organization. It is obviously impracticable in the federal government of these states, to secure all rio-hts of independent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all. Indivi- duals entering into society, must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest. The magni- tude of the sacrifice must depend as well on situation and circumstance, as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with precision the line between those rights which must be surrendered, and those which may be reserved; and on the present occasion, this diffi- culty was increased by a difference among the several states as to their situation, extent, lia- bits, and particular interests. In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view, that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national existence. This important consi- deration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected; and thus the constitution, which we now present, is the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and concession, which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable. C xvm CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every state, is not perhaps to be ex- pected ; but each will doubtless consider, that had her interest alone been consulted, the con- sequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others ; that it is liable to as few exceptions as could reasonably have been expected, we hope and believe; that it n»ay promote the lasting welfare of that country so dear to us all, and secure her freedom and hap-, piness, is our most ardent wish. With great respect, we have the honour to be, sir, your excel- lency's most obedient and humble servants. GEO: WASHINGTON, President- By the unanimous order of the convention. His excellency the President of Congress. THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. ProceediDgs in congress. Friday, September ZStii, 1787. Present — New -Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticutj New- York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania. Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia; and from Maryland, Mr. Ross. Congress having received the report of the convention lately assembled in Philadelphia: Resolved unanimously. That the said report, with the resolutions and letter accompanying the same, be transmitted to the several legislatures, in order to submit to a convention of delegates, chosen in each state by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the convention, made and provided in that case. CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary. AMENDMENTS. ARTICLE THE FIRST. Establishment of religion. Right of the peo- ple to keep arms. Soldiers how to be quartered. I'ersons, ko. se- cured. Persons to an- swer for infamous crimes, ko. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE THE SECOND. A Well regulated militi| being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear irms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE THE THIRD. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE THE FOURTH. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and eflfects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particulariy describing the place \o be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ARTICLE THE FIFTH. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in eases arising in the land or naval forces, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. xix or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any per- son be subject for the same ofifence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. ARTICLE THE SIXTH. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, Criminal prose- by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, '='"'°°*- which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have com- \ pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favour; and to have the assistance of counsel \ for his defence. AJITICLE THE SEVENTH. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the Trial by jury, right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re- examined in any court of. the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE THE EIGHTH. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual ExoessiTe bail, . , . . ~. . , fines and punish.- punishments inflicted. menu. ARTICLE THE NINTH. The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or dis- Enumerations of parage others retained by the people. ARTICLE THE TENTH. The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to Powers not dele- the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. ^^ ARTICLE THE ELEVENTH. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law .Tudicial power, or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. ARTICLE THE TWELFTH. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for president and vice Electors for pre- president, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; presMen " of 7h^ they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the United States, person voted for as vice president; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted: the person havingthegreatestnumber of votes for president, shall be president, if such 'number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or mem- bers from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice president, shall be the vice president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have XX CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice president: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of sena- tors, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president, shall be eligible to that of vice president of the United States. Note. The first ten articles, of the preceding amendments to the constitution, were proposed by Congress, at their first session, in 1789, to the legislatures of the several states; by whom they were subsequently adopted. The 11th article was proposed at the second session of the third Congress; and the 12th at tlie first session of the eighth Congress, they were both adopted by the legislatures of the states. In the edition of the laws of the United States, published by Bioren and Duane, In 1815, the following appears as a 13th article in the amendments to the constitution, viz. " If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive, or retain any title of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office, or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince, or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them." This article was proposed at the second session of the eleventh Congress. From the messages of the President of the United States, to the house of representatives, dated 4th and 27th of February, 1818, it appears, that a sufficient num- ber of the states had, not adopted it; it was approved by twelve of them ; rejected by four, and from one no information had been received. It was not submitted to Louisiana, as that state was not a member of the union when the amend- ment was proposed by Congress. LIST OF STATEMENTS. Page. I. Preliminary Observations, vix : 1. A Statement of the extent of territory in square miles, the population, the number of re- presentatives in Congress, the value of the do- mestic and foreign merchandise exported, the amount of the registered tonnage employed in foreign trade, the net revenue derived from the customs, together with the value of the manufac- tures of each of the United States 11 2. A Statement showing the relative rank of the several states . . . . i 12 3. A Statement showing the actual and federal numbers of the inhabitants of each of the United States, the unrepresented fractions, the ratio of the representation, and the number of the repre- sentatives in the House of Representatives of the United States 13 II. Concerning the Population, viz: 1. Census for 1790 20 2. Do. for 1800 21 3. Do, for 1810 22 4. Statements showing the results furnished by the several enumerations, in relation to the increase of the different species of the population in the United States 23, 24 5. A Statement of the persons who arrived from foreign countries in 1817 29 6. Statements of the number of every descrip- tion of persons in each of the United States, in 1790, 1800 and 1810, together with the actual increase of the same 32 — 36 7. Statement showing the proportion of the free persons and the slaves in each of the United States, in 1790, 1800 and 1810 39 8. Statement showing the proportion of the males to the females in the several states^ in 1790, 1800 and 1810 42 9. Statement of the proportion of the free white males to the free white females in the several states, in 1790, 1800 and 1810 43 Page. 10. Statement of the proportion of the free persons of different ages to the total free persons in the United States 44 11. Statement of the number of persons to each square mile in the several states, in 1790, 1800 and 1810 45 12. Statement of the inhabitants of the prin- cipal towns and cities in the several states, in 1790, 1800 and 1810 47 13. Statement of the mortality in Baltimore, Boston, New- York and Philadelphia 49 14. A table of the expectation of life in the city of Philadelphia 51 III. Concerning Commerce, viz: 1. Statement of the trade of India 57 2. Statement of the staples of the United States exported during several periods, each consisting of five years 84 3. Statement of the proportion of the several species of domestic exports from the United States 87 4. Statement showing the average value of the domestic products; of the foreign merchandise re-exported and of the merchandise of every de- scription exported from each of the United States ; together with the proportion which each species of merchandise exported, bore to the to- tal value of the exports 88 5. Statement of the quantities of cotton wool imported into Great Britain for each year from 1802 to 1816, both inclusive 92 6. Statement of the aggregate value of the domestic and foreign merchandise annually ex- ported from the United States, in each year from 1789 to 1817, both inclusive 93 7. A specification of the merchandise exported from the United States, in each year from 178S to 1802, both inclusive 94 — 109 8. Statement of the domestic products export- ed from the United States in each year from 1803 to 1817, both inclusive , . . 110—113 d xxu LIST OF STATEMENTS. 9. Statement of the foreign merchandise re- exported from the United States in each year from 1803 to 1817, both inclusive. .... 114 — 117 10. Statement of the foreign merchandise re- exported in each year from 1805 to 1817, both inclusive, entitled to drawback and not entitled to drawback 118— 131 11. Statement of the value and destination of the exports from the United States in each year, from 1789 to 1802, both inclusive 132—134 12. Statement of the value and destination of the domestic and foreign products exported from the United States in each year from 1803 to 1817, both inclusive 135 — 141 13. Statement of the value of the exports from the several states in each year from 1790 to 1802, both inclusive 142 14. Statement of the value of the domestic and foreign merchandise exported from the se- veral states in each year from 1803 to 1817, both inclusive 143 — 145 15. A classification of the domestic exports, from the United States, according to their ori- ^n, in each year from 1803 to 1817, both inclu- sive 146,147 16. Statement of the duties collected on the importation of merchandise re-exported with- out the benefit of drawback, in each year from 1805 to 1817, both inclusive 148—151 17. Statement of the staples of the United States annually exported from 1802 to 1817, both inclusive 152,153 18. Statement of the quantity of the staples of the United States annually exported, on the ave- rage of ten years 154 19. Statement of the total annual value which each foreign nation received of the exports from the United States, on the average of ten years . 155 20. Statements of the merchandise annually imported, in American and foreign vessels, dur- ing each year from 1789 to 1815, both inclusive 158—171 21. Statement of the merchandise imported annually, from each foreign nation and the de- pendencies thereof, from 1805 to 1815, both in- clusive 172—211 22. Statement of the exports to the dominions of Great Britain in Europe, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 S!23 23. Statement of the exports to the dominions of Great Britain in the East Indies, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 224 24. Statement of the exports to the dominions of Great Britain on the Continent of North America and Newfoundland, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 225 25. Statement of the exports to the dominions of Great Britain in the West Indies, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 226 26. Statement of the importations into the United States from the dominions of Great Bri- tain in Europe, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 227 27. Statement of the importations from the dominions of Great Britain in the East Indies, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 227 28. Statement of the importations from the dominions of Great Britain on the continent of North America and Newfoundland, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 228 29. Statement of the importations from the British West Indies, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 . . 228 30. Statements of the principal foreign arti- cles imported into the United States, and the countries whence imported, together vnth the quantity or value thereof, and the duty paid thereon, in 1802, 1803 and 1804 229 — 248 31. Statement showing the annual value of the several species of merchandise, respectively im- ported into the United States, re-exported with allowance of drawback, and consumed viithin the said States, or re-exported vidthout the said al- lowance ; and also, the annual amount of duties levied, drawbacks allowed, and net duties col- lected on the said merchandise, calculated on the average of the three years, commencing on the 1st of October, 1801, and ending on the 30th of September, 1804 £49 32. Statement of domestic exports for the years 1802, 1803 and 1804 gso 33. Statement of foreign exports for the years 1802, 1803 and 1804 251 34. Statement of the commerce of the United States with Great Britain and her dominions, on the average of three years 253 35. Statement of the commerce of the United States with all parts of the world, on the ave- rage of three years 254 36. Statement showing the annual value of the merchandise exported to each foreign nation, and the proportion thereof compared with tlie total annual amount exported to all foreign na- tions; together with the annual value of the merchandise imported from each foreign nation, and the proportion thereof compared with the total annual amount imported from all foreign nations, calculated on tlie average of the three years, 1802, 1803 and 1804 255 37. Statement of the value or quantities of the LIST OF STATEMENTS. XXIU principal articles imported into, and exported from, the United States, during each year, from 1801 to 1815 256 38. Statements of the value or quantities of the principal merchandise annually imported into, and exported from, the United States, calculat- ed on the average of ten years 258 39. Statement of the value and quantities re- spectively of merchandise (paying duties ad valorem) spirits, molasses, wines, teas, coffee, sugar and salt, on which duties actually accrued for each of the calendar years 1790 to 1800, consisting of the value or quantities remaining in the United States at the end of each year, after deducting the value and quantities exported each year, and which become entitled to drawbacks, bounties or allowances, from the value and quan- tities imported during the same year, and on which duties were either paid or received . . . 259 40. Statement of the quantities of each species of wine paying distinct duties for the years 1795 to 1800, showing the quantities remaining after deducting the exportations from the importations for each calendar year • 260 41 . Statement of the quantities of molasses annually imported, of domestic spirits annually distilled from molasses, and of both molasses and domestic spirits distilled from molasses, an- nually exported and consumed for each calen- dar year, from 1790 to 1800 261 42. Statement of the quantities respectively of dutied articles, consisting of the difference be- tween the articles paying duty imported and those entitled to drawback re-exported, supposed to have been consumed annually during the three years 1790 to 1792, the six years, 1793 to 1798, and the two years, 1799 to 1800, and also the ave- rage revenue, which, after deducting drawbacks would have accrued during each period, at the rate of the duties in 1801 262 43. Statement of the quantities of rum, molass- es, coffee, cocoa and sugar, imported in 1815 and 1816 263 44. Statement of the quantity of spirits, mo- lasses, coffee, cocoa and sugar, of the growth of foreign countries, exported from the United States in 1815, 1816 and 1817 264 45. Statement of the value of the merchandise exported from, and the value of the importations into, the United States, together with the balance in favour of, or against, the United States, and each foreign nation, during the seven years from 1795 to 1801 266 46. Statement of the imports into the Ameri- can provinces, and of exports therefrom, in 1769, 284 47. Statement of the exports from Great Bri- tain to foreign Europe and the United States, from 1793 to 1800 286 48. Statement of the value of the importations into Great Britain from the United States, and of the exports from Great Britain to the United States, from 1790 to 1800 286 49. Statement of the value of the exports from Great Britain to the United States and to all parts of the world, from 1805 to 1811 287 50. Summary of the American trade with Bri- tish India, from 1802 to 1807 289 IV. Concerning the Tonnage and JVavigation, viz: 1. Proportion of the tonnage in the United States, held by residents in different coun- tries 290, 291 2. Statement of American tonnage in 1789 . . 292 3. Statement of American and British vessels employed in some branches of the trade of the United States 301 4. The tonnage of different cities in the United States, compared with the population 308 5. Statement of the new vessels annually built in the United States 310 6. Statement of the new vessels annually built in Great Britain 311 7. Statement of American tonnage, lost.'cap- tured and condemned 311 8. Statement of the unregistered or sea-letter vessels in the United States 314 9. Summary Statement of the tonnage of the United States 317 10. A Statement of the American and Foreign tonnage entered into the United States, during each year, from 1789 to 1816, showing the total of the tonnage employed in the foreign trade; the proportion of the American to the foreign tonnage, and the excess of the American tonnage so employed 3t8 11. A Statement of the registered tonnage, held in the several states and territories, during each year, from 1789 to 1816 320 12. A Statement of the enrolled tonnage, held in the several states and territories, and employ- ed in the coasting trade, during each year, from 1793 to 1816 323 13. A Statement of the enrolled tonnage, held in the several states and territories, and em- ployed in the whale fishery, during each year, from 1795 to 1816 325 14. A Statement of the enrolled tonnage, held in the several states and territories, and employ- ed in the cod fishery, during each year, from 1795 to 1816 327 XXXV LIST OF STATEMENTS. 15. A Statement of the licensed Vessels, under twenty tons, employed in the coasting trade . . 329 16. A Statement of the licensed vessels, under twenty tons, employed in the cod fishery .... 331 V. Concerning the Fisheries, viz : 1. A Statement of the quantities offish exported from the United States ; the amount of the boun- ties and allowances paid; the tonnage of the vessels employed in the whale and cod fisheries, and the value of the produce of the sea exported, from 1791 to 1816 341 VI. Concerning the Public Lands, viz: 1. A Statement showing the amount of sales of lands, belonging to the United States, prior to the opening of the land offices 363 2. A Statement of the public lands sold an- nually, from 1800 to 1817, in the states and ter- ritories of the United States, since the opening of the land offices, in which all the details, there- with connected, are stated 364 3. A Statement, containing all the details, in relation to the public lands sold annually, from 1807 to 1817, in the Mississippi Territory . . . 364 4. A Statement of the quantity of land in each land district, the number of acres sold since the opening of the land offices, and the quantity re- maining unsold on the 1st of October, 1817 . . 366 5. A summary Statement showing the amount of sales of land since the opening of the land offices; the monies actually received, and the sums due from each office, up to the 30th of Sep- tember, 1812 367 6. A summary Statement, showing the amount of sales of land in the several land offices, from the 1st of October, 1812, to the 30th of Septem- ber, 1817; together with the amount of the pur- chase money, and the balance due on the 30th of September, 1817 , 367 7. A general Statement of the monies expended on account of the public lands, from the 4th of March, 1789, to 1815 368 VII. Concerning the Fost-Office Establishment, viz: 1. A general Statement of the post-office esta- blishment for each year, from 1789 to 1817 . . . 378 2. A Statement showing the number of post- offices in each state, the produce of the postages, &c. &c. from the Ist of January, to the 30th of June, 1814 379 3. A Statement exhibiting a view of the pro- gress of the post-office establishment 380 VIII. Concerning the Revenues, viz: 1. A comparative Statement of the revenues of the United States, derived from foreign com- merce, from 1804 to 1807, when that commerce was unrestricted in as far as regards legislative acts; and from 1808 to 1811, during which the restrictive measures, enacted by Congress, were in operation 392 2. A Statement shov/ing the aggregate amount derived from the customs, paid into the treasury of the United States, during ten years, from 1801 to 1810, by the states respectively ; together with the annual average amount thereof, and the pro- portion which the payments made by each state respectively, bore to the aggregate amount so paid by the states collectively 394 3. A Statement showing the annual amount of the several branches of the customs, and the charges thereon, from the commencement of the present government, to the 31st of December, 1815 395 et seq. 4. A Statement showing the value and quanti- ties respectively of merchandise on which duties actually accrued, consisting of the difference between articles paying duty imported, and those entitled to drawback re-exported, for each year, from 1801 to 1814 399 — 424 5. An annual Statement of the gross and net amount of the customs, together with the amount of drawback, &c. and expenses of collection, in each state and territory, from 1791 to 1816, 425 — 437 6. An annual Statement exhibiting the amount of drawback payable on sundry articles exported from the United States, with the amount of duties collected on the same respectively .... 438—453 7. A Statement exhibiting the gross and net amount of ad valorem and specific duties on merchandise imported into the United States, for each year, from 1794 to 1814 454 8. A Statement of the licenses granted to re- tailers, from 1795 to 1801 464 9. A Statement of the carriages subject to duties, entered from 1797 to 1801 467 10. A Statement of the duties arising from the sugar refined, from 1796 to 1801 470 11. A Statement of the duties arising from sales at auction, from 1796 to 1801 471 12. A Statement of the duties on stamps, from 1799 to 1801 474 13. General Statements of the duties derived from the several branches of the internal reve- nues, during each year, from 1794 to 1801, 483 — 489 14. General Statements of the internal duties which accrued during 1814, 1815 and 1816, 490 — 497 LIST OF STATEMENTS. iix\ 15. Statement of the quotas of the direct taxes, apportioned to the states respectively, in 1798, 1813 and 1815 502 16. Statement of the aggregate amount of the valuations of the lands, lots, dwelling houses and slaves, in the states respectively, in 1798, 1813 and 1815 502 17. Statement of the amount of direct tax actually assessed and paid, on every hundred dollars of the valuation, in each state, in 1798, 1813 and 1815 503 18. Statement of the valuations and enume- rations of the lands, dwelling houses and slaves, in the states respectively; together with the amount of the direct tax thereon assessed, in 1798 504 19. A Statement of the payments made by the states respectively, on account of the direct tax laid in 1798, and of the balances due on the 30th of September, 1809 505 20. Statement of the valuation of lands, lots, dwelling houses and slaves, in the states respec- tively, in 1813 506 21. A view of the collection of the direct tax of 3,000,000 dollars, laid in 1813 . . 507 et seq. 511 22. Statement of the amounts received in the several states, on account of the direct tax, in 1815 , 512 23. Statement of the amounts of the direct tax received, from the states respectively, in 1 8 1 6, 515 24. Statement of the dividends declared by the Bank of the United States, from 1792 to 1809, 521 25. Statements concerning the Bank of the United States, in 1810 and 1811 523 — 526 26. Statement of the number of the subscribers, the number and value of the shares subscribed for, in each state, to the capital stock of the Bank of the United States, in 1816 532 27. A Statement of the funded debt of the United States, received on account of the re- spective instalments, to the capital of the Bank of the United States, and of the disposition thereof 533 28. A Statement of the loans authorised by Congress, from 1790 to 1815 534 29. Statement of the monies annually received from foreign and domestic loans, from 1789 to 1815 536 30. Statement of the annual receipts of the United States, from 1791 to 1815 .... 537 et seq. IX. Concerning the Mint Establishment, viz: 1. Statement of the copper coins struck at the mint, from 1793 to 1801 548 2. Statement of the gold and silver coins struck at the mint, from 1795 to 1801 548 3. Annual Statement of the general proceedings of the Mint Establishment, from 1802 to 1817 . 549 4. Statement of the rate of interest fixed by law, and the current value of the dollar, in the states and territories respectively ........ 553 X. Concerning the Military Establishment, viz: 1. Statement of the number of cadets in the Military Academy at West Point, in 1816 and 1817 578 2. Organization of the army of the United States, on the war establishment, in 1815, 580 — 582 3. Organization of the army of the United States in 1817 586, 587 4. Statement of the pay, rations and forage allowed to each grade in the army of the United States, agreeably to the several acts of Congress, at different periods 593 — 597 5. Statement of the compensations allowed to the troops of the army of the United States in 1817 598 6. Statement of the clothing of the army of the United States in 1816 and 1818 602 7. Estimate of the War Department, for the service of the year 1815, on the war establish- ment 604 8. Statement of the detachments from the mi- litia, in the states and territories respectively, in 1794, 1806, 1808 and 1814 612 9. Statement of the militia of the United States, according to the returns made, to the War De- partment, at different periods 613 10. Statement of the pensioners on the army pension roll, in the states and territories respec- tively, on the 28th of May, 1813 621 11. Statement of the pensioners placed on the rolls in the states and territories respectively, subsequent to 1813, as returned in 1817 .... 622 12. Statement of the half-pay pensions, de- rived from land relinquishments, to the 31st of December, 1817, in the states and territories re- spectively 623 13. Statement of the amount of the pensions granted to the widows and orphans of deceased officers and soldiers of the late war, in the states and territories respectively 624 14. Annual Statement of the proceedings at the armories of the United States, from 1795 to 1817 627 15. Statement of the regular troops, raised an- nually by the states respectively, from 1775 to 1783, for the service of the United States . . . 632 XXVI LIST OF STATEMENTS. XI. Concerning the Mival Establishment, viz : 1. Navy list in 1799 644 2. Statement of the sales of sundry public ves- sels of war, &c 645 3. Navy list in 1802 645 4. Do. do. in 1810 646 5. Do. do. in 1812 647 6. Do. do. in 1815 648 7. Do. do. in 1816 651 8. Do. do. in 1818 658 9. A Statement of the actions fought between American and British national vessels, during the late war 660 10. A Statement of the number of persons employed on board vessels of different rates . . 667 11. A table of the monthly pay and rations al- lowed in the naval service 668 12. Statements of the pay allowed in the Bri- tish navy 670 13. Specification of the American navy ration, 672 14. Do. do. British do. . . . 672 15. Statement of the number of persons em- ployed in the navy department 673 16. Statement of the annual expenditures for each rate of vessels in the public service .... 675 17. Estimate of the pay and rations of the ofiBcers and seamen of the navy, in 1815 .... 676 18. Specification of sundry particulars con- cerning the ships of war in the British navy . . 679 19. A Statement of the durability of sundry ships of war in the British navy 683 20. Estimated expense of building ships of war in the United States 685 21. Statement of the actual cost of sundry American ships of war 686 22. Statement of the expense of building ships of war in Great Britain . . . ^ 687 23. List of the navy pensioners of the United States 695 24. Statements of the navy pension fund . . . 696 25. Statement of the monies collected for the relief of sick and disabled seamen, from 1802 to 1815 : 700 XII. Concerning the Expenditures, viz : 1. Statement of the expenditures on account of the civil list proper, from 1800 to 1809 ... 706 2. Statement of the expenditures on account of the civil list, from 1801 to 1805 707 3. Statement of the number of persons em- ployed in the civil department, with their annual compensations , 708 4. Statement of the annual expenditures on ac- count of the army; Indian department; the na- vy; foreign intercourse; Barbary powers; cixil list and miscellaneous civil, from 1789 to 1815, 712 5. Statement of the expenditures on account of the revolutionary government, from 1789 to 1795 714 6. Statement of the aggregate amount of the receipts and expenditures, for each year, from 1791 to 1814 715 7. Statements of the receipts and disburse- ments during the late war 716 8. General statement of the receipts into, and of the disbursements from, the treasury, from 1789 to 1815 717 XIII. Concerning the Public Debt, viz. 1. Statement of the Debt of the United States funded, from the 1st of October, 1790, to the 30th of September 1791, in each of the States respectively 725 2. Statement of the subscriptions to the loan payable in certificates issued by the States re- spectively, from October 1790, to 30th Septem- ber, 1791 726 3. Statement of the pajrments on account of the unfunded debt, and of the stocks funded for the same 730 4. Statement of the evidences of the public debt, owned by creditors within the United States and in foreign countries, in 1803 736 5. Statement of the public debt, in 1803, show- ing the number of the stockholders in the states respectively, and the amount of the dividends, 737 6. Statement of the stocks exchanged and converted, in 1807 739 7. Statement of the temporary loans, from 1792 to 1805 744 8. Statement of the prices paid for the evi- dences of the public debt, at diflFerent periods . 749 9. Statement of the public debt, on the 1st of January, in each year, from 1791 to 1817 . . . . 753 10. Statement of the funded debt of the United States on the 1st of January, 1818, with its re- demption for 1817 755 11. Statement of the sums paid annually on account of the public debt, from the 4tli of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1817, in which the sums paid for principal, interest and charges are distinguished respectively 75ff 12. Statement of the public debt, in 1818, showing the amounts owned in the United States and in foreign countries 757 13. Table showing the amount of principal (on the calculation of 100 dollars) redeemed at cer- tain quarter-yearly periods, until its final ex- LIST OF STATEMENTS. XXVll iinction, by the United States, of their stock bearing an interest of six per cent, per annum, arising from the payment of dividends of eight per cent, per annum, under the provisions of sundry acts of congress 758 14. Statement exhibiting the annual aggregate amount virhich, on the Slst of December, in each year, from 1790 to 1816, stood to the credit of the commissioners of the sinking fund 763 15, A general Statement of the several stocks transferred to the United States, to the 31st of December, 1816 764 16. Statement of the stock purchased on ac- count of the commissioners of the sinking fund, from 1st of April, 1817, to 30th September fol- lowing 768 17. Statement showing the amount of public debt annually contracted, together with the an- nual increase and decrease thereof 77Z ERRATA. Page 16, first line of the notes, and in all other instances, for Colqhoun, read Colquhouu- 28, line 10, for which, read and. 52, line 22, for sparce, read sparse. 57, line 14, for intermediate, read immediate. 281, line 27, for reloadened, read reladen. 284, line 26, for imports, read exports. ibid.line 44, for p. 71, read p. 571. 424, line 3, note, for 11th, read Jst. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. The state of civilized society and the resources of nations, are the tests by which we can ascertain the tendency of the government. It is to the condition of the people, in relation to their increase, their moral and physical circum- stances, their happiness and comfort, their genius and industry, that we must look for the proofs of a mild and free, or of a cruel and despotic government. Wliere agriculture, the arts and manufactures flourish; where domestic im- provejaents have been encouraged; where the more useful branches of educa- tion have been extensively cultivated; where commerce and navigation have been promoted; where the civil institutions are founded on justice, mercy and equality ; where the laws are of a mild character, and the execution of them is- enforced; where there is liberty of conscience, and freedom of speech and of the press; — there it is, that we can find the demonstrations of the prosperity and happiness of a people. In proportion as such principles and practices have been adopted, we estimate the wealth, power and glory of a nation. Mankind had a right to look for greater progress in these States, under existing circumstances, than in other countries; because, we had the advantage of the experience of all the other nations! We have lived in a country where A 2 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. nothing has been forced; and where nothing, but the crimes of mankind, has been put under restraint. The spontaneous efforts of individuals have been exerted in every portion of our country. Our government is free; the laws are nuld, and they apply equally to every citizen: we do not recognize any species of torture, and the constitution prohibits " cruel and unusual punish- ments ;" no human sacrifices have been made by virtue of a sanguinary criminal code; we have not had a single instance of capital punishment for treason against the United States.(') A foreigner, who is very far from being prejudiced in our favour, has said of our government, that " like the hand of Providence, it governs without being felt, and almost without beiog perceived."^^) In 1794, this same government, said the late Charles James Fox, " could be in no danger, while it retained the confidence and attachment of its subjects; — attachment, in this instance, not blindly adopted; confidence, not implicitly given, but arising from the conviction of its excellence, and the experience of its blessings. "(^^ A conservative principle is inherent in our pohtical compact; the constitution, under which we live, is the work of the people; it can be amended, whenever the legitimate authority may deem it expedient. Every state and every citizen enjoys equal privileges; our rights have emanated from the Governor of the universe, they do not rest upon a hill of rights or charters granted, by an indi- vidual, to appease an irritated multitude. Our experience contradicts the assertion of Montesquieu, that a free govern- ment is one always agitated. To this declaration, we can oppose the testimony of a distinguished foreigner, who is also a Frenchman, with the advantage of having resided several years in our country; he says, that he observed little agitation and little inquietude in America. ^*^ We have no established casts or privileged classes in our community; the constitution does not recog- nise monopohes in favour of one, to the prejudice of the many ; — the progress of science and the useful arts is alone promoted by granting to authors and inventors, for limited periods, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.^*) A comparison, founded upon an extensive intercourse and an intimate acquaintance with the governments of other countries, must always bring the American citizen to the conclusion, that his political condition is pre- (1) President Monroe's Inaugural Speech, 4th March, 1817. (2) Beaujour's Sketch of the United States, p. 65. (3) Speech delivered in Parliament in 1 7'94. (4) Talleyrand's Essay on the Advantages to be derived from New Colonies, p. 61. (5) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. Sect. viii. cl. 8. ; and Acts passed by Congress, 21st Feb. 1793, vol. ii. ch. 156.; I7th April, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 179.; 10th April, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 34.; 29th April, 1802, vol. iii. ch. 296. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 3 ferable to that of every other people. Can he, under these cu-cumstances, be otherwise than tranquil? In the United States there is no restriction on religion; the religious of every denomination, the Christian of every sect, and the Jew, are alike secured in the rights of conscience ; this principle operates in every state of the Union. Here is a great consolation to the philanthropist and the oppressed of all nations. Our constitution provides the balm that can heal the wounds inflicted in the strife of mankind, to get relief from religious oppression and persecution. Congress cannot make any " law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof."^^) " No religious test shaU ever be re- quired as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States."(6) Happily for our citizens, the highest authority in the United States, is pro- hibited from making any regulations on a subject which should, every where, be confided solely to the conscience of the individual, under the direction of the Supreme Disposer of all things. To those who may question the policy which we have adopted, we answer, the experiment has existed from the com- mencement of our government. The results which we can furnish, have been elegantly pourtrayed by the intelligent observer whom we have already quoted; after stating that the people of the United States are composed of all the religious sects of Europe, he continues, " it appears at first, as if these sects would, after their transmigration, preserve their original state, and it is natural to conclude, that they might Ukewise agitate America. But how great is the surprise of the traveller, when he sees them aU co-exist in that perfect calm which, as it would seem, can never be ruffled; when, in the very same house, the father, the mother, the children, each follows peaceably, and Avithout oppo- sition, that mode of worship which he prefers ! I have been more than once a witness of this spectacle, which nothing that I had ever seen in Europe could have prepared me to expect. On the day consecrated to religion, aU the individuals of the same family set out together; each went to the minister of his own sect; and they afterwards returned home, to employ themselves in common in their domestic concerns. This diversity of opinion did not produce any in their feelings, or in their other habits : there were no disputes, not even a question on the subject."(^) It is admitted, that " the most decisive mark of the prosperity of any country (6) Constitution of the United States, amendments. Art. I. and Art. VI. cl. iii. (r) Talleyrand's Memoir concerning the Commercial Relations of the United States with England, p. 24. 2 4 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. is the increase of the number of the inhabitants.''^) In the sequel of this work it will be demonstrated, that the population of the United States, m the course of twenty years, from 1790 to 1810, acquired an augmentation of 84.63 per centum. When an increase, so great as that which we have mentioned, is accompanied with the happiness of the people; when a moderate share of industry, will secure to every individual the comforts and many of the super- fluities of civilized society, and banish mendicity ; there can no doubt remain of the prosperity of a community. The proofs of our happy condition, we had rather should be derived from foreigners, than that they should rest upon our declarations; it has been acknowledged, " that the poorest individual (in the United States), even the simple labourer, is there better fed and clothed than in any other country; no person is ever met with in rags, the meanest labourers are well clad.''^^^ The many large cities, towns and villages, which have been established in this extensive empire, are monuments of the industry of the people. We have no authentic documents, sufficiently detailed, whence to deduce the amount of the new property which has been annually created; that this addition must be immense, we conclude from the extent of the new lands, which are every year cleared and put into cultivation ; from the roads and bridges, which are annually constructed, and the numerous buildings, which are daily erected for dwelling houses, workshops and manufactories. In 1794, troops were posted, at regular stations, to protect travellers, against savages, on their journies to and from Kentucky to the Atlantic states. At that time, the boats, in which passengers were conveyed from Pittsburgh, on the river Ohio, were also armed. In those situations the arts now flourish ; steam boats have been there estabhsh- ed, to transport passengers and merchandise, prior to their having been adopted in any part of Europe! In 1770, the country, now named the state of Kentucky, was first explored; no white persons had settled in it before 1775 :(i°) in 1810, that state contained a population of 406,51 1 souls! That which, so lately, had been a wilderness in the strict apphcation of the term, now fur- nishes proofs of an increase in the value of property, which are not surpassed in the oldest settlements of Europe. A lot of ground, about two acres and three quarters, in the town of Louisville, on the river Ohio, was, in 1798, pur- chased for three hundred and fifty dollars; the same property was again sold, in 1815, for ten thousand dollars! What we have stated is far from being a sin- (8) Smith, Wealth of Nations, vol. i. p. 106. (9) Beaujour's Sketch of the United States, p. 106, lor. (10) Morse's Geography, vol. i. p. 193. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 5 gular instance ; the like has occurred in most situations throughout the United States. About 1794, eight lots, each about one acre, were purchased in Pitts- burgh, in Pennsylvania, for seventeen hundred and sixty-six dollars and sixty- four cents, or at the rate of 213 dollars and 33 cents, for each lot; in 1814, the proprietor of the property told me, that he had refused an annual rent of three thousand doUars for it. In 1794, all the district of country, in the state of New- York, situated west of the town of Utica, fi'om its population, was only entitled to one representative in the state legislature; in 1810, the inhabitants of the same coimtry, deputed /or^t/ members to that assembly! In 1791, the American forces were routed and defeated, by the savages, in the territory north west of the river Ohio; more recently, it has been considered a mark of more than ordinary intrepidity, to attempt to penetrate that countiy; then the tra- veller was constantly disturbed by the bowlings of the beasts of the forest, or the yell of the savage; he never ventured unarmed, and always sought asso- ciates to secure his safety. From portions of that same territory, we have since formed two states,^") which have been already admitted members into the union; and two territories,^^^^ for temporary government, have been there- in established, which, before long, will be entitled to send representatives to the Congress of the United States. The state of Ohio, in which, before it became a stat^ our army so latfely contended with its savage inhabitants, in 1810, had a population, which amounted to 230,760 souls, not one of whom was a slave! There the footsteps of the savage have been obliterated by the busy scenes of civilized society; the noise of the beasts of prey, has yielded to that of the loom and the shuttle ;f*^^ savage wigwams have disappeared; elegant houses, villages and large towns have succeeded. In 1815, the lands, lots and dwelling houses, in the state of Ohio, were valued at sixty-one millions, three hundred and forty-seven thousand, two hundred and fifteen dollars ! Our agriculture has not only furnished an abundance for the inhabitants of the United States, but, in addition, has contributed an enormous surplus for other nations. In 1791, the exports from the United States, m the aggregate, were valued at 19,012,041 dollars; in 1795, the produce exported, which was exclusively of American growth or manufacture, amounted to 40,764,097 dollars; and, in 1817, the exports of domestic origin, had swelled to the enormous amount of 68,313,500 dollars! Our navigation has kept pace with our commerce. In 1790, the registered (11) Ohio and Indiana. (12) Illinois and Michigan. (13) The Indian war in this country was terminated Uy a treaty made at Greenville, in 1795. In 1810, the marshals returned 10,586 looms for Ohio, and 23,559 for Kentucky. 6 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. tonnage of the United States, consisted of 346,254 tons; in 1816, it amounted to 800,759 tons! In 1790, the tonnage of every description, amounted to 478,377 tons; in 1816, it was extended to 1,372,218 tons! It is not long since the manufactories, within the United States, have gained the public attention; now, they are respectable, from their number, as well as on account of the many persons to whom they have given employment, and the capital which has been invested. Abroad, these establishments have excited the feai-s of their competitors ; much anxiety has been exhibited on account of their progi'ess, and the success with which our artists have executed many of the most difficult processes. These workshops have been extensively diffused in our country; they are numerous on the seaboard, and there are many of them west of the mountains. Our facts, concerning the manufactories of the United States, are very imper- fect and limited. In 1810,(^*^ the government made an effort to obtain infor- mation on this subject. The marshals of the several states, and the secretaries of the territories and their assistants, were directed, pursuant to instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury, to make returns of the manufacturing establishments, and of the manufactures within their respective districts, territo- ries and divisions; which were transmitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, for the purpose of being laid before Congress. Some elaborate and valuable returns were made and transmitted; the greater number of them were irregular, and evidently very deficient; those which came from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New- York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, were the most complete. It is probable that those deficiencies and irregularities may, in future, be avoided by a formula from the Treasury department, with the proper instructions to the persons who may be employed on this important business. The returns which have been received, were not uniform; each agent pursued his own views; the results can- not be depended on ; it is certain, that they fall very short of the truth, as will be evident from the following instances, viz. printing offices were returned only for three states, and their number was stated to be one hundred and ten!(i5> hook binders, calico printers and dyeing estabhshments, were returned only for one state; glass works for five states, omitting Massachusetts, in which very extensive establishments existed, from which glass of a superior quality had been, long before, exported to the other states ; bark mills only for one state • carriage makers for three states; blacksmith's shops for five, and hatters only for four states; we might, very much, extend this catalogue of omissions. (14) Act 1st May, 1810; vol. iv. ch. 263. (15) In 1810, Mr. Thopias, who was well informed on the subject, stated the printing houses in the United States, at more than 400. History of Printing, vol. ii. p. 511. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 7 Notwithstanding the imperfectness of the returns aforesaid, the agents re- ported 1,776 carding machines, by which 7,417,216 lbs. of materials had been carded ; 1,682 fulling mills, and 5,452,960 yards, which had been fidled ; 1 22,647 spindles; 325,392 looms; ibS' iron furnaces; '53,908 tons of iron manufactured; SZO forges, which made 24,541 tons of bar iron; 316 trip hammers; 34 rolling and slitting mills, which required 6,500 tons of iron; 410 naileries, in which 15,727,914 lbs. of nails had been made; 4,316 tanneries, producing 2,608,240 lbs. of leather; ^S^ flaxseed oil mills, making 770,583 gallons of oil; 141,191 distilleries, producing 22,977,167 gallons of spirits from grain, and 2,827,625 gallons from molasses ! 132 breweries, in which 182,690 barrels of beer had been made; 89 carriage makers, who made 2,413 carriages; 33 sugar re- fineries, in which 7,867,211 lbs. of refined sugar had been manufactured; 179 paper mills, furnishing 425,521 reams of jjaper; 4 stainers, who stained and stamped 148,000 pieces of paper; 22 glass works, which furnished 4,967,000 square feet of window glass; 194 potteries ; 82 snuff mills; 208 gun powder mills, iavfhich 1,397,111 lbs. of powder had been made. The above enumerated facts were obtained prior to the declaration of the late war; during that contest, many new estabhshments were added, at the same time such as had existed were subsequently enlarged. It was during the war, that our resources in this branch of public economy became more fiiUy developed. The following summary of the value of the manufactures of the United States, is founded on the before mentioned returns which were made, by the marshals and other public agents, in 1810; the value expressed is indepen- dent of the " doubtful articles." Value in Dollars. 1. Goods manufactured by the loom from cotton, wool, flax, hemp and silk, including stockings 39 497 057 2. Other goods spun from the five materials above enumerated 2,052,120 3. Instruments and machinery manufactm-ed, estimated at 186,650 dollars, carding, fulling and floor cloth stamping by machinery, estimated at 5,957,816 dollars .... 6,144,446 4. Hats of wool, fiir, ^c. and from mixtures thereof .... 4,323,744 5. Manufactures of iron 14 364 526 6. Ditto of gold, silver, set work, mixed metals, ^c 2,483,912 7. Ditto of lead 325,560 8. Soap, tallow candles, and wax, spermaceti, and whale oil 1,766,292 Dollars 70,957,657 8 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Valae in Dollars. . Amount brought forward, 70,957,657 9. Manufactures of hides and skins • • • 17,935,477 10. Ditto from seeds 858,509 11. Ditto from grain, fruit and case liquors distilled and fermented 16,528,207 12. Dry manufactures from grain, exclusively of flour, meal, ^jc. 75,766 13. Manufactures of wood 5,554,708 14. Ditto of essences and oils, and from wood 179,150 15. Refined sugars 1,415,724 16. Manufactures of paper, paste boards, cards, ^c 1,939,285 17. Ditto of marble, stone and slate 462,115 18. Ditto of glass 1,047,004 19. Earthen manufactures 259,720 20. Tobacco ditto 1,260,378 21. Drugs, dyestulFs, paints and dyeing ........ 500,382 22. Cables and cordage 4,243,168 23. Manufactures of hair 129,731 24. Various and miscellaneous manufactures 4,347,611 Dollars 127,694,602 Mr. Tench Coxe, of Philadelphia, to whom the Secretary of the Treasury, in 1810, confided the arrangement of the returns of the marshals, f^c, con- cerning the manufactures of the United States, in addition to the estimates aforesaid, observed, " from a consideration of aU the reported details, and by a valuation of the manufactures, which are entirely omitted or imperfectly re- turned, for 1810," the foregoing amount of 127,694,602 doUars, is extended to 172,762,676 dollars; the sum last mentioned does not embrace the " doubt- ful articljes." The doubtful branches include such manufactures as have a very near relation in" their character to, and connection with agricultural pm^uits, amongst which are the following, viz. cotton pressing, flour and meal, the miUs for grinding grain, the barrels for containing the articles manufactured, malt, saw miUs, horse mills, pot and pearl ashes, maple sugar, sugar from the cane molasses, rosin, pitch, slate, bricks, tUes, salt-petre, indigo, red ochre, yellow ochre, hemp and hemp miUs, fisheries, Ume, grinding of plaster of Paris, &c. ^c. ; all of which are estimated at 25,850,795 doUars, making the aggregate value of the manufactures, of every description, within the United States, for 1810 198,613,471 dollars. This subject merits the further attention of our government; a correct know- PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 9 ledge of the several branches of industry, can alone furnish the data for an estimate of our means and resources. When another investigation shall be attempted under the authority of the legislature, the proper department should furnish formulae to the several agents, with precise instructions, according to which, the branches ought to be returned in aU the districts of the United States, It will be more especially advantageous to those who follow occupations which may require the protection of the government, to furnish accurate information, so as to enable the legislature to comprehend their case fully; otherwise that support to which they may be entitled, will be denied to them. We suggest the following formula for the purposes aforesaid: it may be modified according to circumstances. .a H 1^ ci s 4) H Uaw materials employ efl Persons employed, number of 1 ■+^ o =i o s < 3 g o s ■■§ . O M - a) o 60 Value of the articles which are annually manufactured. o S £ en £ a) ^ •ta f.;> ^ hr ^ s' ^ ^ s El H H e < =o H 4i^ OD 5 IVO < '^.s !M i. <»j ^ i c ■3 S = 1 r Pennsylvania Massachusetts New-York Virginia Maryland Connecticut North Carolina New-Jersey Vermont Kentucky New-Hampshire Rhode Island Georgia Tennessee South Carolina Ohio Delaware. li 1! Si New-York Massachusetts Pennsylvania Maryland South Carolina Virginia Rhode Island Connecticut Georgia North Carolina New -Hampshire Delaware New-Jersey Ohio Vermont Kentucky Tennessee Registered tonnage employed in the foreign trade. Massachusetts New-York Pennsylvania Maryland South Carolina Virginia Connecticut North Carolina New-Hampshire Rhode Island Georgia New-Jersey Delaware Kentucky Vermont Ohio Tennessee Value of the foreign merchandize re- exported. Massachusetts New-York Pennsylvania Maryland South Carolina Rhode Island Virginia Delaware New-Hampshire Connecticut Vermont Georgia New-Jersey North Carolina Ohio Kentucky Tennessee m .si. > New-York Massachusetts South Carolina Pennsylvania Virginia Maryland Georgia Connecticut Rhode Island North Carolina New -Hampshire Vermont Delaware New-Jersey Ohio Kentucky Tennessee Xumher of the Vie- presentativcs in Congress. New-York Virginia Pennsylvania Massachusetts North Carolina Kentucky Maryland South Carolina Connecticut Tennessee Georgia New-Jersey Ohio Vermont New-Hampshire Rhode Islsnd Delaware } New-York Virginia Pennsylvania Massachusetts North Carolina South Carolina Kentucky Maryland Connecticut Tennessee Georgia New5ersey Ohio Vermont New-Hampshire Rhode Island Delaware li is S Virginia Georgia Kentucky North Carolina Pennsylvania Massachusetts New-York Tennessee ? Ohio South Carolina Maryland Vermont New-Hampshire New-Jersey Connecticut Delaware Rhode Island t-l(NCTTriOOtOK PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 13 < H 02 s a* If 11 I 1^ I SI. " :S •^ i 1 "13 I Sc ;g =!?» oc a i S -S d QO Num- ber of Repre- senta- tives. tDOtNt^;0K!0CTC?!0)C0OTO(0Ot0t0 T-H 00 1-H Batio of Represen- tation, aC' curding to actoraist December, ISll. •s^UB^TqBqui puBsnoq; 3Ag-jC;jn|:^ Xj8A8 joj 8Ai:)^B:^ua89jdaj auQ Unrepresen- ted Frac- tions in each of theStates. ■^■' !0 lo" iC 00 rt Tf rH o o? of i-<' -v m o 00 Ol O'O«D00iOr-H,..(CTG?rJ<0?i-i'S<«00?O>OC0r-iKO ^ K0>C«00OWOtOWtD«O -HTtlo b^b- Tt O «3 '■■<' t^ Ol lO O of O ■q'" u-r to" ©r to t-h" o m o d o 00 d Num- ber of Repre- senta- tives. ■O b- W t^ -* t^ltO OOi-HOO^otoOTftOCT 1 l-H Ratio of Represen- tation, ac- coitling to act of 14th January, 1802. '06ZI -loj SB 8UIBS 91(1 uoi:^B:^uas3jd8a ai{x Unrepresen- ted Frac- tions in each 0+ the States. •*TfiO'-l>OCTO>(S0000500'3<0<£) •o«oKo?50o>^cDKoto-5fmocsio OOV^ajO-^M^HOOOOtOCOOi-fOOOOr-- aOGrD'Gfo?GCy5'ooKooo^r^o?co'cD(o'i-r 1-Hrt T-Hoqi-H oq fOi-i'o«aie!oooo0 OOlOO^O'^fOOWOOOOtOOTOT-IOOOOi-H O! l-H l-H O Ol 00^ ■*" Actual number of ihe Inhabi- tants of every description. ■otoe!0^oa>QOioo CT-^0?i-r-^CDi-H'Gf"^crco^co050^00)(N 1 1 r-( T-l ,-H tH ,-( o T-H Ratio of Represen- tation ac- cording to actofl4lh of April, 1792. •uopn:>i;suo3 ai|:> Iq paquosaad ajnj aq:^ o:j SuipjoaoB pa^ndmpo •s:jUBiiqBqm punsnoq:> a9jq;-i;jiq:^ joj 9AT:^B:>U9S9jd8J 9uo Unrepresent- ed Fractions in each of the States. 00 CT Tf oo_ >o « >o 00_ « lO lO lO (N 00 t^ OT CT of ifT O? i-T •*" OT of ■'f of CT 00 -qT of i-H rt rt 1-H O! ,-( O! l-H Oi l-H lis Ob.T)<,-HOiT-iajoo05tnoo^^oo>o 0?0!-5)»o00tO»O>ritOOl00b^ T-H'iooocd'»fri-ro?oftrrooorco<^ooo ■*KyDCTC0CTi--cDio>-,0!l0OKiD l-H T-H Actual number of the Inhabi- tants of every description. iOK>Ot£)C10a)CT'*000'-icooOt^ ooGqojTfc.ooiCTKcnwi-Hiot^'a'h. OOcOOO.CllOrHi-HCOOi^tDOiO'OCO t-^lcotTbCioO'^'^O^O^b-rco'orofc^ Tft^tOC^OO-JIOOCOlOi-I^O^TfOOK i-HTf O! cDi-H-*^ CTt-CTO! 00 o> 00 CO Number of the Repre- sentatives according; to the Con- stitution. CTOOr-llo |t0'*'00i-l«00'0>0cf5 1 1 1 to CO New-Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee Ohio STATISTICAL ANNALS. CHAPTER 1. SECTION I. OF THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN GENERAL. That which most concerns every state is its population. Civilized nations have, for ages, been anxious to ascertain the number of the persons who com- posed their several communities : little has yet been done towards an accurate knowledge of this important subject. Few nations possess much positive infor- mation concerning the numbers of -their people ; the rules hitherto adopted to ascertain this fact, are of a doubtful character; they are as variable as fallacious — even caprice and vanity have had a serious influence in determining on the results. For Great Britain and most other countries in Europe, until very lately, the estimates were founded on the number of the houses, and arbitrarily allow- ing a given number of persons for each dwelling; some writers counted four persons, whilst other authorities contended for five, five and three- fifths, and even for six persons to every house. According to the returns laid before parliament, in 18 H, there were in England, Wales and Scotland, 11,956,303 inhabitants, and 2,163,946 houses, or 5.52 inhabitants for each house. The city of London, in its greatest extent, within and without the walls, 16 Of the Population of the United States. in 1811, contained 146,309 houses, and 1,050,000 inhabitants, or 7.17 inhabi- tants for each dwelling/'^ In 1793, a committee was appointed to aid the guardians of the poor, in the city of Philadelphia, to perform their duties towards the sick. This committee ordered an enumeration to be made of the inhabitants and of the houses, within the city and suburbs; the result was 6.348 persons for each house. From the returns of the principal assessors employed in 1815, in pursuance of the act authorizing a direct tax within the United States, the number of persons to each dwelling house in the state of Pennsylvania, was a fraction above eight, and in the state of New-York, there were about nine persons to every house. The inliabitants of a country have been computed from a knowledge of the number of the births, and the multiplication of them by some arbitrary number. For the purpose aforesaid, Halley multiplied the births by 42 ; Kerseboom by 35; Messence by 28 for the large cities, and by 24 in the provinces; Condorcet by 25, and Simpson by 26. Such are the uncertainties of this method, indepen- dent of many other circumstances which affect it. It has been also attempted to estimate the number of people in a state, by the ratio of the deaths to the popu- lation; experience hath taught us that no general average can be used with safety; the mortality of the human species, according to situation and other causes, has been found to vary from l in 20, to 1 in 60. (^) We are assured by Malthus that, calculating from the annual births in England and Wales, from 1790 to 1800, we should infer a constant decrease of the population, though there is every reason to suppose that the contrary has happened. (^) If we could admit that the rules adopted in Europe, had there afforded more certain results, we should not be unmindful of the observations made by Doctor Frankhn more than sixty years ago, viz. that "tables of the proportion of marriages to buths, of deaths to births, of marriages to the number of the mhabitants, ^jc, formed on observations made upon the bUls of mortality christenings, ^c, of populous cities, vdll not suit countries; nor will tables formed on observations made on full and settled old countries, as Europe, suit new countries, as America."^*^ It must be evident that no reliance can be placed upon any method othcF than an actual enumeration of the inhabitants. Returns, founded upon actual enumerations, have been occasionally made by order of some of the govem- (1) Colqhoun on the Resources, Wealth and Power of Great Britain, p. 45. (2) Malthus on Population, vol. i. p. 387. (3) Ibid. loc. citat. p. 76. (4) Franklin's Miscellaneous Works, p. 1. 4to edition. Of the Population of the United States. it ments in Europe. Colqhoun informs us, that, in the reign of Henry VIIL, in England, there was made out a general survey of the kingdom, in which the number of the inhabitants, their ages, professions, wealth, income and many other important particulars were noticed; our author adds, that this document has been lost. During the eighteenth century, a census was retmned of the inhabitants in Spain, wherein they were enumerated in classes, according to then pursuits and occupations, and their means of subsistence. These precedents afford useful hints, which may be applied to the United States, in 1820, the period prescribed by the constitution for the fourth enumeration of the inhabit- ants. The Parliament of Great Britain, by the acts of 41 and 51 of Geo. III. provided for an enumeration of the population of the British empire; returns have been made for 1801 and 1811. The strength and wealth of nations, are founded on the number and industry of the people. A knowledge of the number of the inhabitants and their occupa- tions, is essential to a free government, where all are bound to contribute to the public defence and support, according to their capacity; the want of such infor- mation, occasioned much embarrassment during om- revolution. So deeply were our politicians impressed vsith the importance of this subject, that the framers of the present constitution of the United States, specially provided in that instru- ment, « that representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states, which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of aU other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after Hie first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent terra of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct."^*) Congress may carry their views beyond a mere enumeration of the inhabitants; hitherto, the discriminations have extended to the political condition, sex, colour, and age of the individuals; if to these were super-added, an account of the occupations of our citizens, we might estimate the influence of causes, which operate powerfully on the pro- gress and happmess of our species, and the wealth and prosperity of the nation. The United States of America alone, require an actual enumeration of the inhabitants to be made at regular intervals ; as far as our knowledge extends, no other instance can be furnished from the history of mankind ; our practice is worthy of being followed by other nations. (5) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. Sect. ii. c 18 Of the Population of the United States. Pursuant to the provision of our constitution, Congress have passed several acts concerning the enumeration of the inhabitants, viz: on the 1st of March, 1790 ; the 28th of February, 1800 ; and the 26th of March, 1810. Tlie schedule of the first enumeration, was laid before Congress, by the President of the United States, on the 27th of October, 1791 ; that of the second, on the 8th of December, 1801; and that of the third, on the 13th of November, 1811/^^ By law, it is made the duty of the marshals of the states, and of the secreta- ries of the territories of the United States, under the direction of the Secretary of State, to cause the enumeration of the inhabitants of their respective districts, to be made vsithin the period fixed by law, and according to the schedule pre- scribed therein. The marshals and the secretaries have the power to appoint assistants, who make oath, that they will faithfully discharge the duties required by the act of Congress. In the returns, the several families are distinguished, by inserting the names of the master, mistress, steward, overseer, or other principal person therein, according to the annexed formula,^'') viz. o t» O g I ^ ^ is s t A "3 B -2 4) a pt< to V CD i-S a> bO Cm O => « ^ ho ^ a. 13 2 a> « a -d Cm I 01 Id 0) T-l a> 'a d O 10 -a -a oa g EC ^ .■^73 E) ■ «!■- « o S 2 4) c a ■-3 a a o CO 0005000tOTfWO> Ti0 >0 CO T)!' ■O 00 GJ lO to >0 00 ^ O to Tf 00 « K ■* lO O rt<- r^ ,_( rt ■* iH Ol m O! to 00 00 ©1 ■* CO T-< rl 5,319,762 1 100 1 1 o i-< CO w to CO K 00 CO to 1-1 o; 3; "^ S 3 ooioi-i«ci>ootO'*dioo>oo coogs; C0C5tOTrKi-iKCnc0'-ir-ltO>O rn^fOJ^ O'of THto'tCto'cTcO to"oi CO coco ©1t-< O'O>Olf3.-iOOKOtdtD00OJf300THOOTtO0000 «iOOiq^oococooOTl<_^«5_OJ^O>ioh.O.-<_05,coeOT-(rtK to coirro-^^'oooTo t-coiM 1-1 rH 1-10^ 1 o 1 1 Of 45 years and upwards. oiG»Oi-oooojio-«fK3'!:iS'",'2S3 ■*rt'rfTfTi<«>ooo>o»oob,K^Mg;20;'-Htoto O'-l00Ot000tOt0c0c0rtTHOU)'^_^00__'*_^c0i-l>-l'tOiH'^tO^lOtOTJtD>OM©!c0tD00 0000C0O^G000i-(G0'^00OlTfG0tOC0C0a>'^CT'G^t3^ ©lcooo^O)i-i'*>r>coo>b^K05to^G^oo_cnco_^co-"arrto oJco -^T-Trt -^"oivroo to 00 rJ ,_( 1-1 Tt< IH GQ >0 1-f >0 ©I rr tH CO »H 1 to" o Of 16 and under 26 years. tOC0i-l>Oe0i-ltO00l~,C0>OO5^O5>OC0rfi-l'T0?K o>oo505toto»-oG5 S,H^©!T)<_^iq_^0„W'OOiG^iO<35i-H^IN>000'*COO ofbrcTooto'coooKrcoifrGfr-rurrofooorcot?? »h 1-1 tH Tf 'H ©t Tf ,H lO O? m 1^ CO T-l CO CO c Of 10 and under 16 years. tOeO-^OOtOOOi-ll^aiKl^OOGlTjiK'^tS^COOtOCT ScftScoW'Hh,©!a3t^oOT)oeoh,to ^rHi3coo©i-*ooKq,co_^o?coto ,-H-*c?i-<'ifroo'or-*'co'o loK'tsTco i-ItHCOi-I TlCOi-l'* i-ICOi-l(Ni-l to o CO Under 10 years of age. OlT-lO!3>-*tOc0GJ-*00C0C001'*''*'KOTtOi3cot^ «_^oo_oi^oo in K, -^^^to^^to^to^K 05 05 o^tq ■^^■v tD__K oi lo ©!GltO©l comcooi coooeowjeoi-ii^ i ©) 05 a Of 45 years and upwards. tOlOOOOi»^tOlOOl>OeOOt©10000"9ON005 h-r-irticO00»^lOO?00i-li-lTt"C00Ci*ilOO!lOtOO>C0 tsj^coco ooo5_ootoioG?_K-^_^o^tooj_cni-<^o>o< o^ »o OOTH",-H'oO'*COi-rofoOGfGOO»'ooO-*''*'i-? i-(CO i-(COrHCO T-ICO rHi-H o CO" to Of 26 and under 45 years. ■^050200iOO-*tOcoO co otj^to i^ co tohrcnifriocot-rort^irrcoo^r^oroooTr t^ .-(1-ICOi-H dtOi-llO 0!>Oi-(C0t-Ii-1 Of 16 and under 26 years. oi05>r>ocncoioi-i«i-iO)T-iiooi-it^oitotDGooqoDcocj— it^cooir>cotoo>'*»^Ktoi-i ■^OOOO'OO^-'OtOcO'S'OlrfKlOtDajcOTflol-, OOOiocOcOtfO^OOO-^t-^OOOOi-i •^ ,-itD CO CO to ofTfofoffrto"^"bCoi*"Kto'oo"bCcO THtHGOiH T-t-^THTf l-fi^T-tO^rH to CO CO Under 10 years of age. Orftoo>oto»^otooiHKTfoo— Hrtb.oR'fl'OJoo OlOiTt<>^'*Tfa>O©l>O>O©!KTH,H'qi©!;O>OtJi00 TftOtOWOlWOCnO^O^^h^cOWiH-qi^OOOIcoCOOSK o50GoiCo5t-ro'co'cooo'toco»Cco"Krororor th WcOtOOl C005C0O C0O5C0tOc0iHi-i to irT 1-H 1 Vermont New-Hampshire 5 Massachusetts I Maine Rhode Island Connecticut New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia Kentucky North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Tennessee North West Territory Indiana Territory Mississippi Territory District of Columbia 22 Of the Population of the United States. H H CO 8 Si-i; .=^~ <3 OTttO05CT-e(<-*tO05K'0>0 O U5^m«3K>OiO»-OTmT(^m^O500lo(N»>.O ooofTfhrco"i-ror>froGfc?rfoo">oi-Joo?to'o'o'^oq'T)<"rjJ' O) K rt ^ KtO lO Tf -H K 00 K CO O "O 'H O «0 lO t, ■* OJ « -1 « »<■*©! (M « CD Ol 00 CT 0> « ■'f "O ■* f-* <-< « CJ3 g O? CO I to 1 1 1 |00Ob,-HlOK?N00 I-l « O 00 K rH >0_ m in cf rf i-T « rHtJ'lAtOCnCOOOOr-KOO'^lO tOOltOlN-lOi-itOOOi-icOtoO^O^ lo oq_ CO, CO, ^_ o»_to_ o q, O! iH co o 00* to o? lo lo" ■** t-T CO >o 00 to 05 CO O CO i-( 1-1 T-1 r-^ CO ** CI ■p3X8) 10U SUBip -u[ idaoxa 'suos -.lad aajj .laqio UV 05KOOCTlCTC'5c'3tN«JKOaiOT«0'VO»;;>::;lOOKCTCT02 «OOT»^iOOlOCOTtiO>t?30IKOr-l«3ini-H00003;OW'-HO)'* 0> K Oi K to, •* OT 00__ ^_^ tH 0> lO OO^h, (N lO >0 00 00_lO0-*-oKairHO-*KiorHrtooo!G»o?iocoa>»i.«oc>tococo K00O!T}'C0-HK00i-lloK'^-'HCTWTPy31Ot-.C0i-lC0 oforiOi-7«D«sC«Oiirrirrof'*'GfoOCOC3'cr^'«f'to''-!" 00 CO ocf CO CO Of 26 and under 45 years. rfo(Siocoinc>u3KooOTtoo-*-oG?io«Daog;'Hco -"J* « O Kt£> ©) 00 C0 00l0»i-(,'*050505_COWCOOKC0 1»CO CO K i-j(3ri-rotCu2ioi-roioGfi--<'o?io"cooobro'orcorH'i-Hr-< >-< WTftNfM ©tOOWl^ WlOT-(«C0rt i-ti-i to m 1—1 Of 16 and under 26 years. o«o©(coocoo5'*Oi-iifiO)Oi-icocooiri'-i-*»^'-Hoocoooco O^CDOOOG^t^cOO^tO'^t^O^O^'-icOOOioOtON.OOcOG^iocOlO WcoKoiio_ffiT-i^05io^ooooo»>o,05ioioeOT-H(M(y! Gqoiio-*oocoi-ioo^KooO(0-*ioO!T-C tCifToJ'oo' K ©^■^t-ro?t£f irTotiTK'ori-rGf T-Ti-Ti-T i-T rHCOi-HrH i-H«3i-l<0 T-nrfrtWcOi-l i-H CO 00 Under 10 years of age. T-ii-icoi-iiricoioG^aii-ih^iow^Dt-it^toircoTfioCTiooiooo C000i-H0i-l-*«0tOrlTCiOT(iOOO>OW. ioeJO>-*OOOOlOOO'*KOC0O'*tOC«>O-^«3 G^C^TtiO'rfi'^0>O»-<00i-Hc0G5iOT-iC0dt0TjiiOTH0^T-iiot?5X CO ■*" •*" co" irT cT co" !o" of of "o" ifT i-J »C — ^ ■^ irT K of i-i" i-T 1-1 00 1-1 rH Ol "Oi-I lO i-H CO 1-1 il O! iM to CO to CO Of 26 and under 45 yeai'S. OJT("i-irHKOlG?-CO©)000«D05COK »~-iocootoo>ooa>ai«0'ototoirj>ooocoT-iKco«3!0— 00<0^coOl i-ii-H CO Of 16 and under 26 years. coooiooooooji-icoooocooiNcricotooiricooiooiS'-^coo) O^tO t^lO00KC0OiO00>^00KC0C0«3«00tOO5tO00K00O) ■rt"O00tOG^00K0J0?FrttOT(-H"oorTj<"oooi-H'Tfofcfi-<"ofT-r i-? G?T)oiaiTfi-icooooii-i^b~nT-ioo tO(OTji-qOi-iOooaoi-Hi-ioO(cn.-jioirjaicoij<0!-*ir>io toioocoioTTh. aitois''*'aii-ioocort«oioai'*tocoo>05coi-i CO" ■** K OO"" lO O" Co" 00* of Tf" OO" of OO" CO* O" KT tC en t^ of th" th" r-T T^" 1-icOi-ii-i OlKi-itO i-iTfiiHtNcOi-i i-H CO 00 T- 1 oa to o bn Si's IS cOOTtiO)lOO?COTl<-*01Cf5b-COTjOOKQOcotOOO Kc0C000c0i-iC0»-itO0!i-iK0?c0C0t0CJOOi1ii-iC0W(OO>^ 0?__05,G^OK.00CR00-*tOtOK OJ^CO TJi i-f 00 tt oo" o K lo bT 00* oT 00 kT to irT oo" oT oo" to oo" wf •'*totocoi-ioioi r-t tH 00 i n 5 Maine I Massachusetts New-Hampshire Vermont Rhode Island Connecticut New-York New -Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia Ohio Kentucky North Carolina South Carolina C East Tennessee ( West Tennessee Georgia Territory of Orleans Mississippi Louisiana Indiana Illinois Michigan District of Columbia CO o OJ. Ol CO Ol 3 o H -e s ce !.< o OJ, CO o &4 O CO to to CO o -2 '3 ■s a • *<•« -a -t-» o H Of the Population of the United States. 2S The following results were obtained from the preceding enumerations, viz. I. Concerning the Free White Persons within the United States. Number of Number of Number of Actual in- Actual in- Actual in- Annual in- Annual in- Annual in- Number of free white free white free white crease in crease in crease in crease per crease per crease per years re- persons in persons in persons in 10 years 10 years 20 years centum centum centum quired for 1790. 1800. 1810. from from from during 10 during 10 during 20 a duplica- 1790 1800 1790 years from years from years from tion, accor- to to to 1790 1800 1790 ding to the 1800. 1810. 1810. to 1800. to 1810. to 1810. ratio 0*" the increase from 1790 to 1810. 3,164,148 4,312,841 5,862,092 1,148,693 1,549,252 2,697,945 3.146 3.117 3.131 22.48 II. Concerning " all otlier Free Persons, except Indians not taxed.** Number of Number of Number of Actual in- Actual in- Actual in- Annual in- Annual in- Annual in- Number of "all other "all other "all other crease in crease in crease in crease per crease per crease per years re- free pert free I,- per- free per- 10 years 10 years 20 years centum centum centum quired for sons, ex- sons, ex- sons, ex- from. from from during 10 during 10 during 20 a duplica- cept Indi- cept . - In- cept In- 1790 1800 1790 years from years from years from tion, accor- ans not dians not dians not to to to 1790 1800 1790 ding to the taxed" in taxed" in taxed" in 1800. 1810. 1810. to to to ratio of the 1790. 1800. 1810. 1800. 1810. 1810. increase from 1790 to 1810. 59,481 . 110,072. 186,446 50,591 76,374 126,965 6.348 5.411 5.879 12.13 III. Concerning all the Free Persons within the United States. Number of Number of Number of Actual in- Actual in- Actual in- Annual in- Annual in- Annual in- Number of free per- free per- free per- crease m crease m crease m crease per crease per crease per years re- sons in sons in sons in 10 years 10 years 20 years centum Icentum centum quired for 1790. 1800. 1810. from from froiii during lOduring 10 during 20 a duplica- 1790 1800 1790 years from years from years from tion, accor- to to to 1790 1800 1790 ding to the 1800, 1810. 1810. to 1800. to 1810. to 1810. ratio of the increase from 1790 to 1810. 3,223,629 4,422;913 6,048,539 1,199,284 1,625,626 2,824,910 3.214 3.180 3.197 22.03 24 Of the Population of the United States. IV. Concemimg the Slave Population within the United States. Number of Number of Number of Actual in- Actual in- Actual in- Annual in- Annual in- Annual in- Number of Slaves in Slaves in Slaves in crease in crease in crease m crease per crease per crease per years re- 1790. 1800. 1810. 10 years 10 years 20 years centum centum centum quired for from from from during 10 during 10 during 20 a duplica- 1790 1800 1790 years from years from years from tion,accor- to to to 1790 1800 1790 ding to the 1800. 1810. 1810. to 1800. to 1810. to 1810. ratio of the increase from 1790 to 1810. 697.697 869,849 1,191,364 172,152 521,515 493,667 2.232 3.195 2.711 25.99 V. Concerning the combined Free and Slave Population within the United States. Number of Number of Number of Actual in- Actual in- Actual in- Annual in- Annual in- Annual in- Number of persons of persons of persons of crease in crease m crease in crease per crease j)er|crease .per|years re-] every des- every des- every des- 10 years 10 years 20 years centum centum centum quired for cription in cription in cription in from from from during 10 during 10 during 20|a duplica-] 1790. 1800. 1810. 1790 1800 1790 years from years from years from tion, accor- to to to 1790 1800 1790 ding to the 1800. 1810. 1810. to 1800. to 1810. to 1810. ratio of the increase from 1790 to 1810. 3,921,326 5,319,762 7,239,903 1,398,436 1,920,141 3,318,577 3.097 3.130 3.113 22.61 Note. The calculations in the preceding statements, concerning the annual increase and the duplication of the population of the United States, have been examined and confirmed by Walter Folger, jun., of the House of Representatives of the United States, and R. M. Patterson, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania. The free white persons, from 1790 to 1800, increased 36.30 per centum ; from 1800 to 1810, 35.92 per centum, and from 1790 to 1810, 85.26 per centum. " All other free persons, except Indians not taxed," from 1790 to 1800, increased 185.05 per centum; from 1800 to 1810, 169.29 per centum, and from 1790 to 1810, 313.45 per centum. The extraordinaiy increase of this species of our population, is owing to the emancipations of the slaves by their masters, and the runaway slaves, who pass for freemen in our cities. The free population, from 1790 to 1800, increased 37.20 per centum; from 1800 to 1810, 36.75 per centum, and from 1790 to 1810, 87.63 per centum. Of the Population of the United States. 25 The slave population, from 1790 to 1800, increased 24.81 per centum: from 1800 to 1810, 35.84 per centum, and from 1790 to 1810, 70.75 per centum. The combined free and slave population, from 1790 to 1800, increased 35.66 per centum; from 1800 to 1810, 36.09 per centum, and from 1790 to 1810, 84.63 per centum. In 1790, for every 100 free persons, there were .... 22.13 slaves. In 1800, . . ditto 20.29 ditto. In I8i0, . . ditto 19.69 ditto. The foregoing results concern our confederacy in a national sense ; the facts ftimished by other nations, wiQ not enable us to make comparisons concerning the progress of the population in different countries. Su- William Petty supposed, that the population of a country, under the most favourable circumstances, might double itself in ten years :^*^ according to the tables of Euler, the doubling is possible in 121 years; these authors imagined, that the results suggested by them, might take place from procreation only. The French encyclopedists tell us, that, according to the work of the Abbe Expaiy, the population in France, in fifty years, increased about one-twelfth. Adam Smith supposed, that a duplication, in Great Britain and most other countries, would require at least five hundred years.^^) Colqhoun gives the following periods for the duphcation, in the countries enumerated, viz. for Great Britain, 54 years; Canada, 28 years; Russia, 36 years; Ireland, 46 years; France, 50 years.^'''^ There are no weU founded facts for the estimates above- mentioned ; Great Britain excepted, we know of no enumerations having been made for the countries specified. According to the returns, laid before the Parliament, for 1801 and 1811, about eighty years would be required for a duplication of the inhabitants in Great Britain. Colqhoun estimated the num- ber of the inhabitants, in Great Britain, in 1700, at 6,523,000 souls; in 1800, they amounted to 10,817,000, and had not doubled in a century! If we could depend upon the statements of Mr. Tooke, concerning the popidation in Russia, sixty years would be required for its duplication ; that gentleman said the popu- lation, in 1722, amounted to 14,000,000 of souls; and in 1782 to 28,000,000 ;('') but we consider this result as estimated in round numbers. (8) Petty's Political Arithmetic, p. 18. (9) Smith's Wealth of Nations, vol. i. p. 106. Petty supposed the people in England to double in 360 years, loc. citat. p. 20 ; and he said, " that the periods of doubling the people, are found to be in all de- grees, from between ten to twelve hundred years." Loc. citat. p. 9. (10) Colqhoun, on the resources, wealth and power of Great Britain. 01) Tooke's History of Catherine II. vol. i. p. 32. D 26 Of the Population of the United States. Such is the uncertainty connected with the progress of the population in Europe; we cannot draw any conclusions from the pretended facts of these countries. The history of mankind does not furnish the proofs, to support the doctrines of the philosophers in Europe ; they are not contained in the authentic records of ancient or modern times, and it is not probable, that circumstances win hereafter warrant the speculations of Euler or those of Sir William Petty ;('^) the results, as far as they are known, are opposed to them. Human depravity, both moral and physical, does not seem to be on the decline ; and we have no reason to anticipate the constant influence of, causes, which will favour the in- crease of any nation, in a degree so rapid, as these writers have supposed might be possible ; should they be discovered in portions of newly formed states, the rate of the increase would probably be lessened as the inhabitants became more numerous — for the causes of such a partial increase, we must look to other sources than mere procreation; we wUl hereafter illustrate this proposition, by facts, which have occurred in the United States. Doctor Franklin said, that the population, in America, would double in twenty years. Doctor Price asserted, that, in the back settlements, they doubled in fifteen years, and, aU through the northern colonies, in twenty-five years ; in New- Jersey, he said, the popidation had doubled in twenty-two years, from procrea- tion only,('^) and founded his opinion upon returns, which, he says, were made in 1738 and 1745. Perhaps the error of the Duke de la Rochefoucauld- Liancourt,^!*) " que la population, se double tons les quinze ans dans les Etats Unis, et Ton ne compte pour rien dans ce calcul I'emigration de I'Europe," was grounded on the assertions of Doctor Price. Several wiiters believed, that the population of the United States, would double itself, from procreation only, in twenty-five years ; that period is suppo- sed to be common for a duplication where the population is " unshackled." Malthus^^') has reported an instance of a duplication in the United States, in less than siKteen years ; we have attentively examined the authority on which his opinion was founded. His calculation rested on a supposed return, which he said, was made to Congress, in 1782. The journals of Congress contain no returns of the number of the inhabitants of the United States, prior to the census (12) Sir William Petty calculated that, in 1800, the city of London would contain 5,359,000 inhabitants. Political Arithmetic, p. 20. He also supposed the growth of that city must stop of itself before the year 1800. Loc. citat. p.9. (13) Price's Observations on Reversionary Payments, p. 203. (14) Voyage dans les Etats Unis d'Amerique, torn. viii. p. 109. (15) Malthus on Population, vol. ii. p. 55. Note. American edition. 2 Of the Population of the United States, 27 for 1790; on the 26th of December, 1775, they recommended to the several assemblies of the colonies, to adopt measures to ascertain the number of the inhabitants, and on the first of April, 1782, the journals stated, "that no enume- ration of the inhabitants of each state hath yet been obtained by Congress." On the 17th of February, 1783, it was agam resolved, that the legislature of each state should ascertain the number of the inhabitants ; and on the 7th of Septem- ber, 1785, a committee of Congress declared, they had not been able to ascertain how many of the states complied with the resolution of the 17th of February, 1783: no further notice occurs on this subject, prior to the present government. It is probable, that Mr. Malthus, for his calculations, assumed the estimated number of the inhabitants, adopted by Congress, in 1775, to enable them to apportion the assessments of the taxes upon each of the states. At that time, the inhabitants of the United States were supposed to amount to 2,389,300 persons of every description. We have been thus minute, because the result, stated by our author, is so very extraordinary, and would require an annual rate of increase equal to six and a quarter per centum, which is almost double that of any of the periods for which the enumerations have been made. We have no reason to believe, that the causes, which affected our population, from 1782 to 1790, were more favourable to its increase, than they were afterwards. The mcrease of our free population has uniforndy been the most rapid, and that of the slaves the most retarded : the increase of the slaves will, hereafter, be further checked by the prohibition to their importation. From 1800 to 1810, the ratio of the increase, of the free population, was lessened; and that of the slaves augmented : the former effect Avas, probably, owing to the non-arrival of emigrants; and the latter to the importation of negroes, from 1800 to 1808, especially in 1806 and 1807, in anticipation of the contemplated prohibition to the inhuman traffic in slaves ;^i^) the number of the slaves was also increased by additions in Louisiana, where they constituted nearly the half of the population. Our experience has furnished the undoubted proofs, that the population m the United States, taken in its fuUest extent, so as to embrace the persons of every description, has increased much faster than that of any other extensive country. From 1801 to 1811, the inhabitants of Great Britain acquired an augmentation of 14 per centum; from 1800 to 1810, the population in the United States acquired an augmentation of 36.09 per centum. In Great Britain (16) The importation of slaves into the United States, was prohibited from and after the first day of January, 1808. See Act, 2d of March, 1807, vol. iv. chap. 77- 38 Of the Population of the United States. the population, fi'om the most authentic documents, does not double in less than 80 years; whereas, in the United States, the duplication takes place in 22.61 years. From a summary of the population of England, Wales, and Scotland, publish- ed by order of the House of Commons, in 1812, it appears, that the population of those countries, in 1801, amounted to 10,942,646 persons, and in 1811, to 12,552,144 persons; or in the course of the ten years, the actual increase was 1,609,898. In 1800, the people in the United States amounted to 5,319,762 persons, and in 1810, to 7,239,903; or in the ten years, the actual increase was 1,920,141, which surpassed that of the inhabitants in Great Britain, though their capital stock was more than double that of the United States. SECTION II. OF THE EMIGRATIONS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES. It is believed that the population of the United States has been much aug- mented by the emigrants from Europe : there are no authentic documents on this subject, and we can only estimate the increase we have thus acquired. The emigrants came principally from Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany ; but few have, hitherto, arrived from other countries. In 1794, the emigrants, who amv- ed during that year, were estimated at ten thousand ;(*'') and in 1806, Mr. Blodget said, from " the best records and estimates at present attainable," the emigrants who arrived in the United States did not average more than 4,000 per annum, for the ten preceding years.(") In 1794, the people in Great Britam were very much disposed to come to the United States ; but this current was soon checked, by the acts of the British government. Though we admit, that ten thousand foreigners may have arrived in the United States in 1794; we cannot allow that they did so, in an equal number, in any preceding or subse- quent year, until I8l7.(i») There were many difficulties in the way of the emi- (17) Cooper's information respecting America. London, 1795. (18) Blodget's Statistical Manual, p. 75. (19) In 1816, the disposition to emigrate from Great Britain to the United States, was again impeded by an act of the Parliament. British and foreign vessels were only allowed to carry passengers, from Great Of the Population of the United States. 29 grants; some were deterred from the false reports which were industriously circulated concerning the healthiness of our climate; the British system of impressment, alarmed others: thirty persons have been impressed from on board a single passenger ship ; the most active and vigorous were always select- ed, and they are the persons, who most commonly seek to better their fortunes in foreign countries ; heavy charges in the form of fees, prevented the poorer classes ; and the armies and navies of Europe employed many, who, under differ- ent circumstances, would have emigrated. In 18 i 7, the emigrants were, proba- bly, more numerous than in any preceding year. The following statement shows the number of the passengers who arrived in ten of the principal ports of the United States, from the 1st of January, to the 3 1st of December, 1817. Pouts. of the pas- from Great and Ire- of the pas- from Ger- id Holland. V 5 ■5 2 •32 Si- of the pas- from the possessions h America. of the pas. from the adies. of the pas- from all ireign coun- te of the ers from :ign coun- Is 2 = SiSS .ssl feS feSxS S£- feS-a a^fe Numb senge Britai land. Numbi senge many IW 11 1" Numb senge Britis inN< Numb senge West Numb senge other tries. Aggre passe all f< tries. Boston 960 32 43 7 837 171 150 2,200 New-York 4,834 252 674 14 1,273 464 123 7,634 Perth Amboy 117 520 637 Philadelphia 3,553 3,102 63 37 209 116 5 7,085 Wilmington (Del.) 530 25 3 558 Baltimore 1,296 228 73 204 16 1,817 Norfolk 473 3 5 31 8 520 Charleston 596 13 40 94 4 747 Savannah 84 1 19 44 15 163 New-Orleans 64 8 333 32 442 879 11,977 4,169 1,245 58 2,901 1,569 321 22,240 These returns were obtained from the records of the custom houses, except for Charleston, which was made from the report of the harbour master ; they include all the passengers, citizens and aliens, who arrived in the ports enume- rated. The free population could only be affected by the emigrants from Europe : we wiU suppose that 6,000 of them arrived annually, from 1790 to 1810. In 1790 the free population of the United States amounted to 3,223,629 persons, Britain and Ireland to the United States, in the proportion of one passenger for every five tons, whereas the British vessels were permitted to convey them, to other countries, in the proportion of one for every two tons. In 1817, the foreign journals announced, that the Hessian government had caused many of its subjects, who were about to emigrate, to be arrested on the frontiers, and that they were afterwards im- prisoned in Cassel. 30 Of the Population of the United States. and in 1810 it was 6,048,539; the actual increase in the twenty years, was 2,824,910, from which deduct 120,000, for the emigrants who arrived during that period, and allow for theu' increase at the extraordinary rate of 5 per cent, per annum, or 60,000 for the twenty years, making the aggregate from the emigrant stock 180,000, which, when deducted from the total actaal increase above mentioned, will leave 2,644,910 persons for the augmentation, indepen- dent of any aid from abroad ; or the duplication of the free inhabitants, without the additions from the emigrants, would only require about four-fifths of a year more than it did when they were added. The preceding view satisfies us' that, during twenty years, our population has been immaterially augmented by the emigrants; and that, in this respect, we may consider ourselves in- dependent of foreign nations. We have employed no foul means to favour additions to our numbers from foreign countries ; the anival of the emigrants has been voluntary; humanity, our constitution and our laws, enjoin it as a duty to receive those who come to us; it will be for the mutual interest to make them useful and happy. Any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted a citizen of the United States, or of any of the states, on the following conditions, viz. 1st. He must have declared on oath or affirmation, before a court of record in the United States, or in the territories thereof, three years, at least, before his admission, that it was bona fide his intention to become a citizen, and to renounce for ever aU allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sove- reignty whatever, and particularly by name the prince, potentate, state or sove- reignty, whereof he, at the time, may be a citizen or subject. 2d. At the time of his application to be admitted, he must declare, in the manner aforesaid, that he wiU support the constitution of the United States, and that he doth absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure aU allegiance and fidelity to every foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty whatever, and particularly by name, the prince, ^c. ^'C. as aforesaid. 3d. He must satisfy the court, in which he is to be admitted a citizen, that he has resided within the United States five years, at least, and within the state or territory, where such court is at the time held, one year at least; and, that during that time, he has behaved as a man of a good moral character, attached to the principles of the constitution of the United States, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same. The oath of the applicant is, in no case, allowed to prove his residence. 4th. In case the alien, applying to be admitted to citizenship, shall have borne any hereditary title, or been of any of the orders of nobility, in the kingdom or Of the Population of the United States. 31 state from which he came, he must make an express renunciation of his title or order of nobility, in the court aforesaid. No alien, who is a native citizen, denizen or subject, of any country, state or sovereign, with whom the United States may be at war at the time of his application, can be then admitted a citizen. Every person, who desires to be naturalized, must report himself to some court of record in the United States, or in the territories thereof; such report must ascertain the name, birth place, age, nation, and allegiance, of the alien, together with the country whence he or she migrated, and the place of his or her intended settlement: the five years of probation above-mentioned, are only counted from the date of this report. After the above requisites have been com- plied with, the clerk of the court wiU furnish a certificate of naturalization under the seal of the court. The children of a person who has been naturalized, who were under age, and dwelled in the United States, at the time of the parent's naturalization, become citizens de facto. If an alien, who has complied with the conditions aforesaid, shall die before he is actually naturalized, his widow or children, upon taking the oath required by law, become citizens of the United States. (-") Though many accurate observers, amongst whom we find Franklin and Malthus,(2i) have declared, that emigrations, under certain circumstances, tended to increase the population of the countries which had been abandoned; foreign governments, more especially that of Great Britain, have viewed this tendency with a jealous eye, particularly in regard of the United States. It is a mistake to suppose that they so much di'ead the loss of their subjects, on account of the number who are disposed to emigrate. They are more alarmed, on account of the general diffusion of a knowledge of their arts and manufactures, amongst a people of so much enterprize and industry, as the inhabitants of the United States. A mild code of laws, and the certaiinty of subsistence from a well directed industry, will secure every nation against injury fi-om the emigration of its inhabitants ; — to detain the people by force, where the subsistence is not in a ratio to their numbers, can only give rise to a debauched and a degenerate population. (20) Act 14th April, 1802, vol. iii. ch. 288. (21) Malthus, vol. ii. p. 55. 32 Of the Population of the United States. SECTION in. OF THE POPULATION OF THE STATES RESPECTIVELY. The observations which have been made, are applicable to the population of the United States and the territories thereof, collectively taken. We will next treat of the population of the individual states. Ji Statement of the free white persons within each of the United States, according to the returns made in pursuance of the acts of Congress, passed in 1790, 1800 and 1810; with their actual increase for each period. STATES. Number accord- ing to the Cen- sus of 1790. Number accord- ing to the Cen- sus of 1800. Number accord- ing to the Cen- sus of 1810. Actual increase in 10 years from 1790 to 1800. Actual increase in 10 years from 1800 to 1810. Actual increase in 20 yeai'B from 1790 to 1810. New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana (22) .141,097 469,326 64,470 232,374 85,298 314,142 169,954 424,099 46,308 208,649 442,117 288,204 131,178 52,886 61,133 182,995 567,194 65,438 244,751 153,908 555,063 194,325 586,278 49,852 221,998 518,674 337,864 196,259 101,068 179,875 91,709 213,490 693,039 73,214 255,179 217445 918,699 226,868 786,804 55,361 235,117 551,534 376,410 214,196 145,414 324,237 215,875 228,861 34,311 41,898 97,868 968 12.377 68,610 240,921 24,371 162,179 3,544 13,349 76,557 49,660 65,081 48,182 118,742 30,495 125,845 7,776 10,428 63,237 363,636 32,543 200,526 5,509 13,119 32,860 38,546 17,937 44,346 144,362 124,166 72,393 224,013 8,744 22,805 131,847 604,557 56,914 362,705 9,053 26,468 109,417 88,206 83,018 92,528 263,104 3,131,235 4,247,251 5,765,754 (22) Returns for Orleans Territory. Of the Population of the United States. 33 A STATEMENT Of "all other Free Persons, except Indians not taxed," within each of the United States, according to the returns made in pursuance of the acts of Congress, passed in 1790, 1800, and 1810; with their actual increase for each period. T3 d is 13 a .S S .S 3 S So .5 6 S £o i"o S . o |Od gj OO S =0 «|g « J3 00 «.£ 00 a ^ o ^ n o c _ STATES. 4> O Cm 0) o ^ .5 S3 J « 2 .S 5 2 .a -So ^ a o ^ S O — >>3 ^ ^o •3 '^o S MS 3 = S =■ = s | = K Actua 10 180 <1 New -Hampshire 630 855 970 225 115 340 Massachusetts 6,001 7,378 7,706 .. 1,377 328 1,705 Rhode Island 3,407 3,304 3,609 (24) 305 202 Connecticut 2,808 5,300 6,453 2,492 1,153 3,645 Vermont 225 557 750 332 193 525 New-York 4,654 10,374 25,333 5,720 14,959 20,679 New-Jersey 2,762 4,402 7,843 1,640 3,441 5,081 Pennsylvania 6,537 14,564 22,492 8,027 7,928 15,955 Delaware 3,899 8,268 13,136 4,369 4,868 9,237 Maryland 8,043 19,987 33,927 11,944 13,940 25,884 Virginia 12,866 20,507 30,570 7,641 10,063 17,704 North Carolina 4,975 7,043 10,266 2,068 3,223 5,291 South CaroUna 1,801 3,181 4,554 1,380 1,373 2,753 Georgia 398 1,919 1,801 1,521 (25) 1,403 Kentucky 114 741 1,713 627 972 1,599 Tennessee 309 1,317 1,008 Ohio 1,899 Louisiana (23) 7,585 59,120 108,607 181,924 (23) Returned for the Ten-itory of Orleans. (24) There was a diminution amounting to 103. (25) There was a diminution amounting to 118. E 34 Of the Population of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the number of all the Free Persons within each of the United States, according to the returns made in pursuance of the acts of Congress passed in 1790, 1800, and 1810; with their actual increase for each period. STATES. Number accord- ing to the cen- sus of 1790. Number accord- ing to the cen- sus of 1800. Number accord- ing to the cen- sus of 1810. Actual increase in 10 years from 1790 to 1800. Actual increase in 10 years, from 1800 to 1810. Actual increase in 20 yeai-s, from 1790 to 1810. New-Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virgmia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee Ohio Louisiana 141,727 475,327 67,877 235,182 85,523 318,796 172,716 430.636 50,207 216,692 455,083 293,179 132,979 53,284 61,247 183,850 574,564 68,742 250,051 154,465 565,437 198,727 600,842 58,120 241,985 539,181 345,007 199,440 102,987 180,616 92,018 214,460 700,745 7'6,823 261,632 217,895 944,032 234,711 809,296 68,497 269,044 582,104 386,676 218,750 147,215 326,950 217,192 230,760 41,896 42,123 99,237 865 14,869 68,942 246,641 26,011 170,206 7,913 25.293 84,098 51,828 66,461 49,703 119,369 30,610 126,281 8,081 11,581 63,430 378,595 35,984 208,454 10,377 27,259 42,923 41,669 29,310 44,228 145,334 125,174 72,733 225,418 8,946 26,450 132,372 625,236 61,995 368,660 18,290 52,352 127,021 93,497 85,771 93,931 264,703 3,190,455 4,356,032 5,947,678 Note. The omissions for Tennessee, Ohio and Louisiana, are the consequence of their late admission into the Union ; the notices for Louisiana are the re'turns made for 4he Territory of Orleans. Of the Population of the United States. 35 !zi "8 I 135 Hi* "^ !* .§■" § Mi «§ Is 'SS 00 .2 .^. •ill "GIST 01 0621 raoj} sjBa.C OS a< S3AB|S JO 3S«3ja3(X 00 O Tt< to K CJ W O Tf ts 1-1 O K ■* —1 GO Tt" CO lO OS K, G? to of Tf" OS •0I8T <>■> 0081 raoJi sjbsjC OX m BSABis JO asraaosQ CO ©) rH to tH 1-1 to 1 h, ■* OS »^ ^ >-- « td «1 lO OS OS OS o 1—1 •008lo»06iiniOJjsjB3i 01 ni S3AK19 JO aseajtaaQ o 00 CO to rt !-< Tf to tH rH ,-( CO CO ■rs 00 t^ OK r-T oq" oq" o 00 "0181 o> 06ZI raOJ} SJsai 05 ni S3.VB1S JO SBBaaaai ID rt 0^ ^ ■* -^ lO to O) lo K >0 CT CO •* 00 (N IN 0> i-H >o 00 >0 00 OT to 00 ■* OltO CO »^ !0 -^ o to to s 1-1 00 ■* ■0181 o» 0081 nioJJ s.iBa.f 01 ui 6aAB[s JO asBajau] «0 O 00 TC OS 00 rt OS »0 ©I 1-1 tH T-H ITS t-. W to G? >0 G^ OS CO vT ifT o* »o o o ■* CO lO ■* ■* CO ITS 00 •0081 O' 062X rao-y ""»'' 01 Qi saAB^s JO asBaaauj OS -H^Tft,lOC0T)< OS »^-*OS_>0 rr" Tt 0? C^ cT hC CO >o CO CO CO « ii to_ CO 'jaqmna |BJap -aj aqi jo uoijjod b Sunmnsiioa 'saABjs aiii JO smjTj aaaqx 1 CO to OS O b- W O OS (N OS OS to rt 1 tOOO Oi-it^OcoOOST-io irT O -^ ^ of 00 to" its' O Tj^ »HrH T-HOStOOSOQ0Tf< ^1 CO TH 1-H T-H g to CO 1—* ■* ■* >o" «o 1-( l-H* i •Jaqrana jBjap -aj am JO uoiijod b Supnipsnoa saABfS aqi JO sqyg aajqx CO oop to©!coocoosb»o»^'oOI>ts©!t^coosi-iOco tsqws cO_'<^OKtOi-<^OtOCOiNi-i ofK'i-reo-*'ooc?ido''*oo 1-1 to O 00 00 CO 01 o? 1 o 00 ■*" CO in •SSABIS aqjJOJaqmnaiBjox 00 O^H cooqtocoi-^ootoi-tosco-^ ooirs i-iGqo>rsOtO0sioos'a<00 coos tO-rfb^i-HKOST-ii-ltOC0>O OOfi-rtObCtOcotOOSOco oil-* O-^cOTfto^i-l 1-1 CO tH i-l CO 00 CO 00 d •jaqninu jei -apaj aqi jo aorijod BSuiinijisuoa saABjB aqi JO sqjjg aajqx CO OS t^OSOS»rsGl^H^i-.llfSOq»OtO<30 toio OstO'»tco©!K-*>r3ioio >oto__ »-.oooq^coooiocooi*' T-T oq to* of «5" 1-h" lo" o* b-T b-T t-T 1-1 to >-- to to th to" 1—* ■^ •saABis aqjjo aaqninu jBiox 00 ITS OO-^tOTfcOKh-tOKoq-tf-JtO TftorHOiGqtraoocooih-ostoco OSK cO'TKOOOtOlOOei'* of i-T .H co" 00 CO of o hT o? of Oir-I OOSOOOliH 1-1 oq 1-1 1-1 o 00 oq OS to New-Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont New-York New -Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee'^' 1 I r J as O IS o t % a IS as a o a o to oq 36 Of the Population of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Persons of every description within each of the United States, according to the returns made in pursuance of the acts of Congress, passed in 1790, 1800, and 1810; with their actual increase for each period. is is 1 is .S 6 ■ii. 1 STATES. iber acco to the C of 1790. ber acco to the C of 1800. ber acco to the C of 1810. S oo 2 3 o 1 inoreas years fi to ISK 1 inoreas years fi 3 to 1810 i"i 1^1 ■ S t)0« D C 3 log 122 3S- jg._ « iz-" ^.- a. ■ •§ 5^ Ol w New-Hampshire 141,885 183,858 214,460 41,973 30,602 7Z,573 Massachusetts 47S,3Z7 574,564 700,745 99,237 126,181 225,418 Rhode Island 68,825 69,122 76,931 497 7,809 8,106 Connecticut 237,946 251,002 . 261,942 13,056 10,940 23,996 Vermont 85,539 154,465 217,895 68,926 63,430 132,356 New-York 340,120 586,050 959,049 245,930 372,999 618,929 New-Jersey 184,139 211,149 245,562 27,010 34,413 61,423 Pennsylvania 434,373 602,548 810,091 168,175 207,543 375,718 Delaware 59,094 64,273 72,674 5,179 8,401 13,580 Maryland 319,728 349,692 380,546 29,964 30.854 60,818 Virginia 747,610 886,149 974,622 138,539 88,473 227,012 North Carolina 393,751 478,103 555,500 84,352 77,397 161,749 South Carolina 240,073 345,591 415,115 105,518 69,524 175,042 Georgia 82,548 162,686 252,433 80,138 89,747 169,885 Kentucky 73,677 220,959 406,511 147,282 185,552 332,834 Tennessee 105,602 261,727 156,125 Ohio 230,760 Louisiana P7)^ 76,556 It appears that the population in some of the States, has increased much faster than that of other states: some portions of the most favoured states, no doubt, increase more rapidly, than do other portions of the same states. As a general rule, independent of local causes,^^) the slaves augmented at a slower rate, than did the free population. It may happen (it has already occurred in the United States) that in certain parts of an extensive territory, the population will increase much more rapidly than it does in other portions of the same country, though the different situations may be equally healthy ; in some sections the population may continue stationary, or it may decrease, whilst in other parts, the augment- ation may proceed with unparalleled rapitUty; but this is not likely to be the mere effect of procreation. Our country affords some very remarkable instances to illustrate the foregoing proposition; the states lately admitted into the Union, have, within the last twenty-five years, advanced their popu- lation at a rate unequalled, as far as we know, by any other examples in (27) Returned for the Territory of Orleans. (28) In the low marshy situations where rice is cultivated, only a few of the slaves die, in proportion to the white population. Of the Population of the United States. 37 the history of our species; but they, Uke our great rivers, have derived theu' strength from very distant sources, Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, Con- necticut, Rhode-Island, New-Jersey, Virginia and North Carolina, have been tributary to Vermont, New-York, Georgia, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee ; the new states, in a great degree, have drawn their people from the old states of the union. It is important to consider how far the diffusion of our population may weaken us as a nation, and what will be the effect of the migrations, on the agriculture in the Atlantic states? Many valuable farms, originally productive, have been abandoned after they were exhausted and made barren from con- stant cultivation, and no application of the means to restore their lost fer- tiUty. If migration be continued under these circumstances, some districts win hereafter exhibit all the features and poverty of a desert, and extensive tracts of valuable land wiU be a waste, to the injury of our agriculture, manufactures and commerce. In many of these situations, industry would be abundantly rewarded for the labour and the expense of renovating the unraana^ ged and impoverished soU. It is supposed, that more than sixty thousand per- sons go annually fi^om the eastern to the western states. Ohio and Indiana promise soon to be classed amongst the most populous of the states. The migratory are also the most navigating of the states ; the sterile country, and cold climate of New-England, deny to the people of the eastern states a profit for their labour, when it is applied to the land, equal to that which they obtain from their industry, when it is exerted on the fertile fields of the western states, or on board of our merchant ships. The aggi-egate population in New-Hampshn^e, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New- York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maiy- land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Kentucky, for which the returns have been made for three periods, has annually increased, from 1790 to 1800, at the rate of 4.55 per centum; from 1800 to 1810, at the rate of 4.59 per centum, and fi-om 1790 to 1810, at the rate of 4.57 per centum. Although we have not the same data for the states of Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana and Indiana, we have no cause to doubt the rapid augmentation of their inha- bitants. Louisiana presents many inducements to the industrious emigrant; its geographical position gives to it many advantages, which wiU counterbalance all other considerations, in the opinion of persons who are in search of fortune. New-Orleans must be, to a very considerable part of the United States, what Alexandria was to Europe prior to the discovery of the passage round the Cape of Good Hope; that city must be the entrepot to the extensive territories, which 38 Of the Population of the United States. are watered by the river Mississippi and its tributary streams ;(29> besides these advantages, there are others, founded on the nature of the productions of that state, viz. sugar and cotton. The population, in eleven of the states above mentioned, suffered a diminution of the rate of the increase, though in all of them, there was an actual increase of the inhabitants; in four of them, viz. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New- Jersey and Delaware, all of them states whose population is migratory, there was an increase of the rate of the increase of the population, as well as an actual increase of their numbers. Did the migrations from these states tend to advance the rate of their increase? In the states commonly called the " slave holding states," there seems to have been no regularity in the progress of the population. In Maryland, the slave population for every period, increased in a ratio less than the free population; whereas in North Carolina, the slaves for every period, in- creased in a ratio greater than the free inhabitants; and in Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia and Kentucky, there were irregularities. In Virginia, during the two first periods, the slaves increased in a ratio greater, and dming the third period, in a ratio less than the free population; in South Carolina, during the first and third periods, the slaves increased in a ratio less, and during the second period in a ratio greater than the free population; in Georgia and Kentucky, during the two first periods, the slaves increased in a ratio greater, and during the tliird period in a ratio less than the free population. The foregoing irregu- larities and differences, we are disposed to ascribe to the demand for labourers, which agriculture required at different periods, in the several states. In the slave holding states, there was uniformly a diminution of the ratio of the increase of the slaves, though the number was actually augmented in all of them. In all the states where slavery existed, east and north of the river Susquehannah,^^°^ the actual number of the slaves was lessened, and the ratio of their increase for every period was diminished, with the exception of New- Jersey, in which the slaves increased, from 1790 to 1800, and decreased from 1800 to 1810. In eight of the states, viz. New-Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ver- mont, New-York, New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the number of the slaves, in 1790, has been diminished. (29) " The country watered by the Mississippi and its eastern branches constitutes five-eighths of thft United States." Jefferson's Notes on Vir^nia. (30) This river is the northern boundary of the slave holding states. Of the Population of the United States. 39 The following Statement exhibits the proportion of the free persons to the slaves in the several states, viz. in New-Hampshire for every 100 free persons there were Vermont do. do. Rhode Island do. do Connecticut do. do New-York do. do New-Jersey do. do Pennsylvania do. do Delaware do. do Maryland do. do Virginia do. do North Carolina do. do South Carolina do. do Georgia do. do Kentucky do. do Tennessee do. do Louisiana do. do ia 1790. Slaves. 0.11 0.01 1.39 1.17 6.68 6.62 0.86 10.77 47.54 82.40 34.30 80.60 54.92 10.29 in 1800. Slaves. 0.55 0.38 3.64 6.25 0.28 10.58 44.50 64.35 38.61 73.28 57.96 22.33 14.76 in 1810. (31) Slaves. 0.14 0.11 1.59 4.62 0.08 6.09 45.16 67.43 43.66 89.76 71.47 24.68 20.50 82.72 Note. At none of the periods above mentioned were there any slaves in Massachusetts or Ohio. In ten of the states, viz. New-Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont, New- York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Kentucky, the combined free and slave population diminished the ratio of their increase, whilst their number was actually increased: in five of the states, viz. Massachu- setts, Rhode Island, New-Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, the ratio of their increase was augmented, with the actual increase of the inhabitants of every description. We cannot pretend to any positive accuracy, in relation to the duplication of the inhabitants of the several states ; the annual migrations very much disturb the natural progress of the popidation. In 1810, the inhabitants of New- York amounted to ith Ditto . . Virginia . . . . . ith Ditto . . Pennsylvania . . . |th Ditto . . Massachusetts • . ,^th Ditto . . North Carolina . . ith Ditto . . South Carolina . . ith Ditto . . Kentucky . . ■ . f.th Ditto . . Maryland . . • • .^th of the total population of the United States. (31) Returns for the territory of Orleans. 40 Of the Population of the Ujiited States. In 1810, the inhabitants of Georgia amounted to Ditto . New-Jersey . Ditto . Ohio . . . Ditto . Connecticut . Ditto . Tennessee Ditto . New-Hampshire Ditto . Vermont . . Ditto . Rhode Island . Ditto . Delaware . . ^th tA l-A rA .^th r,th \ > Of the total population of the United States. J SECTION IV. OF THE PROPORTION OF THE SEXES AND PERSONS OF DIFFERENT AGES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES. The fi'ee white population can only be embraced by this section ; the slaves and the free persons of colour are returned in the census, without any discrimi- nation in regard of sex or age. In 1790, there were 1,616,473 free white males, and 1,476,638 free white females; or, for every 100 males, there were 91.34 females. In 1800, the males amounted to 2,194,225, and the females to 2,115,421; or, for every lOO males, there were 96.40 females: in 1810, the males amounted to 2,988,141, and the females to 2,873,952; or, for every lOO males, there were 96.17 females. In 1790, there were 139,835 more free white males, than there were females of the same description; in 1800, the excess of the males, amounted to 78,804, and in 1810 it was 114,189. From 1790 to 1800, there was an actual increase, of the free white males, which amounted to 577,752; or, during that period, they increased, annually, at the rate of 3.57 per centum. From 1800 to 1810, their actual increase was 739,916, or they increased annually at the rate of 3.61 per centum. From 1790 to 1810, the actual increase amounted to 1,371,668, and the annual rate of their increase was 4.24 per centum. Of the Population of the United States. 41 From 1790 to 1800, the actual increase, of the free white females, amounted to 638,783; or they increased, annually, at the rate of 4.32 per centum. From 1800 to 1810, their actual increase was 758,531; or, they increased, annually, at the rate of 3.58 per centum. From 1790 to 1810, their actual increase amounted to 1,397,314; or, they increased, annually, at the rate of 4.73 per centum. In 1790, the free white males constituted 41.22 per centum, of the total population of the United States; in 1800, 41.24 per centum, and m 1810, 41.27 per centum. In 1790, the free white females constituted 37.65 per centum, of the total population; in 1800, 39.76 per centum, and in 1810, 39.69 per centum. Our enumerations give an excess of the males, for every period. According to Humboldt,(32^ jj^ Europe and Mexico, there is " an excess of males in life." For France, Peuchet^^^) reckons 17 females for 16 males. Humboldt^^*) informs us, that the calculations of the ministry of the interior at Paris, for the French empire, make the males to the females as looto 103. In 1811, in Great Britain and Ireland, there were 7,836,885 males, and 8,619,818 females; or for every 100 males, there were 109.99 females. Humboldt^^'^ says, " in the states of Vermont, Kentucky, and South Carolina, there are almost one tenth more males than females, while in Pennsylvania and New-York, this disproportion does not amount to one eighteenth." His obser- vations are confirmed by the census for 1790 ; but, in 1800 and 1810, this great disproportion of the sexes did not continue. The constant migrations, occasion considerable variations in the proportion of the sexes : the New-England states have had a uniform excess of females ; they, as we have already said, are mi- gratory and navigating states ; the males most commonly migrate, and they are exclusively employed in navigation. (32) New Spain, vol. i. p. 193. (33) Peuchet's Statistics, by Taylor, p. 42. (34) Loc. citat. p. 189. (35) New Spain, yol. i. p. 193. 42 Of the Population of the United States. The following Statement exhibits the proportion of the males to the females, in the several states, viz. in New-Hampshire there were, for every 100 Massachusetts do. Rhode Island do. Connecticut do. Vermont do. New- York do. New-Jersey do. Pennsylvania do. Delaware do. Maryland do. Virginia do. North Carolina do. South Carolina do. Georgia do. Kentucky do. Tennessee do. Ohio do. LouisianaC^^ do. males, In 1790. Females. 98.80 102.27 102.61 102.13 90.69 93.55 84.56 99.77 93.55 94..'^3 94.70 95.40 77.60 94.81 89.78 In 1800. Females. 100.52 101.19 105.46 101.92 94.01 93.39 96.91 94.36 99.14 95.26 96.09 96.77 94.47 89.48 91.22 94.58 In 1810. Females. 101.44 100.56 104.83 101.92 97.49 93.68 96.64 95.93 97.67 95.63 98.71 99.01 95.45 90.40 92.07 93.15 91.27 81.15 Slavery seems not to have had any influence in determining the proportion of the sexes, of the white population; Virginia and North Carolina are slave holding states ; there the females are in a greater proportion to the males, than they are in Vermont, New- York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, which are not slave holding states; on the other hand, in the New-England states, in some of which there were no slaves, since the adoption of our present constitution, we uniformly find an excess of females ; in Ohio, where involuntaiy semtude never was permitted, the females are fewer in proportion to the males, than they are in any other of the states, Georgia excepted, which is a slave holding state. A combination of causes, we do not yet precisely understand, has operated to produce the above results; of these migration seems to have been the most powerful: the states in which the number of the inhabitants increased most ra- pidly, have the greatest proportion of males. (36) The Territory of Orleans. Of the Population of the United States. 43 o 1 I "8 S 00 l§ ^ 4 I 50 S ^ d 00 cd..,dJ SO0O-3O0OOO00OOOOOO «OK00MKCTrj OTfCOWOTtOC>OrH 1 0»T-iCTCTT-iT-(t-,0«D00001K>0>r>MKg 00>OTrK'O»^KtOO-HCTOT00T(O3^ oiiooKCTcn coCT >o o « o^'''„°°'*2,'^''?,°i loifT'ocoo^-^tH'pJcooio^oooriooo 1-1 oi CO ©■VCTG^Ot^— <0«0)>^OOOt^^Oi-i-Hi-H T-(CQ t-It-H-^tH^ rHO?l-(l-i t-Hl-Hi-H s 1-1 i -as goooriooooooooodo 010G«>OCOO)TftO-*00'*Olh,ioK'-l 00«3-5jiCQTj^«'O ■* CTKCTKOOOlO! CTcOlOiotOOW CO ^ of ^ fh* CO to* lo" o ifT »o lo 00 oi Ol rH ^ 1 0>^00000)^i-i050>rj«305CO'*Ol Tl<0o 7-i«3>o oocooj^rt coo^ooin 1-h" "O CO CO Tf 00 >0 V ■** 00 ■*' ID in 00 CO •* 0i00c0 01KtO0500C^O"O«0O-*00'^ W T-i O? O! th « ,-1 1 oot,oocooOTfiio>-~coooaiootooor-io >o«OlOO>0!OlTf;Oc000C>-5}<-Ht0tD00 ojoioortcooco-^o^oiotooi^oioi^g THl-rT-H'r4'O?tC00rH'lnc0'^^OG0*r-rb-r (Jj00c001K00ClO0lT-HtDKOiO0)Tl< G^ 1-1 C^ CO t-HO^tHt-< d g s-s . . s IJ-O'^ 1 -d TS -d -d -o -w-d -d -a T3 b^oOTfOloOOJOcOO^OlOrfoOOOCTl >^b-COlOI00001^T}nTfOG^oocOoo05»r5THOocoO( i-H>-H50-*'OC00J^C0C0C0OK00 K05 OKoftCooTcotoofrHirr ocd" lo oo t^cOCO— i-!r«5t^OO!OT-(rt^i-lO>tOOIy3C001lOKO>05-*rH oiooooo3 The fifteen states abovementioned, to be as populous, in re- lation to their extent, as the United Provinces, must contain 135,470,225 inha- bitants; as France was prior to 1789, 85,715,706; as Spain, 36,453,806; and as England and Wales, 83,255,611. We cannot attribute the migrations fi-ora any of the states of America, to the population being in too great a proportion foi; the extent of the territory; these changes are occasioned by the low price of the lands, in the new countries, and the facilities of the soil and climate. (38) Pinkerton's Geography. Of the Population of the United States. 47 A STATEMENT Showing tlie number of Persons of every description,who inhaMted the principal city or town of each of the States, in 1790, 1800, and 1810. Note. For 1790, the number of the males and females were returned in the aggregate for each city or town. CITY OR PRINCIPAL TOWN. FREE WHITE MALES. O « in e. FREE WHITE FEMALES. St E-S a u >n B< -* 3 f. CO b £ o Slaves. v.- o lis Portsmouth (N. H.) 1790 1800 1810 Boston (Mass.) 1790 1800 1810 Windsor (Vt.) 1790 1800 1810 New-Haven (Conn.) 1790 1800 1810 Providence (R. I,) 1790 1800 1810 New- York (N. Y.) (^Ji/go (39)1800 (39)1810 Trenton (N.J.) 1790 1800 1810 Philadelphia (Pa.) (39)1790 (39>1800 (39)1810 Baltimore (Mar.) 1790 1800 1810 Richmond (Va.) 1790 1800 1810 Lexington (Ken.) 1790 1800 1810 Charleston (S. C.) 1790 1800 1810 Savannah (Geo.) 1790 1800 1810 New-Orleans (Lou.) 1790 1800 1810 829 1,052 3,057 4,391 388 423 482 770 890 1,104 8,158 13,157 356 4,485 5,966 3,035 3,997 351 559 212 429 1,323 1,292 307 273 697 536 465 1,406 1,860 167 217 628 717 2,478 3,578 202 295 312 736 2,999 4,165 215 241 2,131 248 286 7,701 1,334 1,346 801 128 201 840 1,005 3,083 4,349 386 400 511 510 1,499 2,081 167 225 520 762 2,998 3,989 200 291 406 810 3,110 4,140 224 276 2,487 371 460 9,576 1,799 1,887 732 107 156 76 138 131 761 1,174 1,464 9 27 32 273 422 499 635 3,279 5,395 217 2,256 3,170 1,849 1,882 174 336 85 227 677 832 428 735 827 1,171 4,545 8,981 259 4,518 6,000 3,180 3,376 512 765 264 456 882 1,511 391 594 726 991 8,114 11,833 249 5,247 5,581 2,519 4,323 440 810 189 328 1,707 1,501 260 320 2,968 465 526 14,407 2,632 4,082 844 201 13,009 2,118 2,523 6,422 711 1,215 1,231 150 267 55 122 4,371 442 727 526 716 848 1,179 8,134 13,074 361 4,736 6,219 2,675 3,881 337 529 178 416 1,311 1,683 277 320 486 648 3,294 6,207 167 2,424 3,272 1,621 1,818 154 329 75 190 670 953 458 587 774 1,039 5,260 9,950 247 4,626 6,293 2,418 2,984 337 521 121 254 974 870 463 578 868 1,133 7,722 9,722 285 4,233 5,479 2,126 3,078 279 505 123 222 1,270 1,352 266 365 2,937 575 774 15,245 2,984 4,149 841 205 13,882 2,312 2,865 5,503 766 1,343 786 103 187 31 88 3,718 464 847 150 351 427 656 865 1,101 3,499 8,137 79 272 1,420 4,210 6,352 323 2,771 3,973 265 607 1,189 23 85 586 1,024 1,472 224 173 447 296 425 410 123 161 204 302 176 174 301 244 258 320 133 137 181 530 347 477 1,315 750 726 416 517 709 377 4,950 26 75 14 48 2,369 2,868 1,686 182 181 210 55 2 1,255 2,843 3,713 1,479 2,293 3,748 439 1,509 7,684 9,819 11,671 2,367 2,195 5,961 4,720 5,339 6,934 18,038 24,937 33,250 1,542 2,211 2,757 4,049 5,772 6,380 7,614 10,071 33,131 60,489 96,373 1,946 3,002 28,522 41,220 53,722 13,503 26,114 35,583 3,761 5,737 9,735 1,795 4,326 16,359 20,563 24,711 5,166 5,215 17,242 (39) The returns for the city of New-York include the inhabitants of that city and of the county of New-York; for all our comparisons this fact must be remembered. The returns for Philadelphia embrace the inhabitants of the city' proper, exclusive of those who reside in the suburbs and the county of Philadelphia ; in 1810, the inhabitants in the city and county of Philadelphia, amounted to 111,210 persons. We have no returns for any city or principal town in Delaware, North Carolina, Tennessee or Ohio; they are there blended with the inhabitants of counties, townships or hundreds. 48 Of the Population of the United States. The population of the states of Vermont, Pennsylvania and South Carolina, during eveiy period, increased in a ratio greater, than that of the cities or prin- cipal towns of those states ; in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New- York, Mary- land and Virginia, the population of the states, increased in a ratio less than that of their cities or towns. The state of New-Hampshire exhibits considerable irregularities; from 1790 to 1800, the inhabitants in the town of Portsmouth, increased in a ratio less than those of the state; from 1800 to 1810, the increase in the town was in a greater ratio than that thi'oughout the state ; and from 1790 to 1810, it was less in the town, than that of the state. The rate of the augmentation of the population of the city of Savannah is below the truth; during the unhealthy season, the people are accustomed to abandon that city: I have been informed that the enumerations were made, under the unfavourable circumstances abovementioned. In the cities or principal towns of the slave holding states, the actual number of the slaves increased, during eveiy period, with the exception of Savannah. In the cities north and east of the Susquehannah river, the actual number of the slaves was diminished, during every period, with the exception of the city of New- York, where they increased from 1790 to 1800, and decreased from 1800 to 1810. The great increase of the population of Boston, Providence, New- York and Baltimore, we attribute to the influence of commerce. During twenty years, from 1790 to 1810, the inhabitants of Boston, New- York and Baltmiore, ad- vanced more rapidly than those in Philadelphia. The towns first mentioned offered greater advantages to adventurers; the professions and occupations were filled in Philadelphia, at an earlier period, than they were in the other cities of the United States ; in Philadelphia there was more fixed capital to contend with, which, as it was actively employed, promised less to those who were about to seek their fortunes. The augmentation in New- York is the most remarkable, and it has kept pace with the increase of the commerce of that city. Although some of our principal cities have suffered from the yellow fever, during several years, between 1793 to 1803;(**') in neither of them does the increase of the population appear to have been checked. In Boston, New- York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, where that disease has occasion- ally prevailed, there has been an annual increase of the inhabitants and of the houses. We cannot attribute this augmentation, as they do in other countries, to the marriages, that were influenced by and succeeded to, the mortaUty, (40) The yellow fever has ceased to appear in New -York, Baltimore and Philadelphia, since 1803; the inhabitants are under no apprehension for the future. Of the Population of the United States, 49 because, our population has never been superabundant ; it must have principally taken place, in consequence of migrations from the country. Females. In 1790, there were in the town of Boston, for every 100 males, . 124.36 1800, 110.77 1810, 107.21 In 1790, there were in the city of New- York, for every 100 males, 105.81 1800, 102.48 1810, 99.20 In 1790, there were in the city of Philadelphia, for every 100 males, 106.71 1800, 98.42 1810, 103.82 In 1790, there were in the city of Baltimore, for every 100 males, . 87.24 1800, 85.05 1810, 88.58 Doctor Franklin, in regard to the moiiality, considered cities as he did full settled countries : he said, " they do not supply themselves with inhabitants, by natural generation."^*'^ His observation is not applicable to the cities within the United States, if the remark of De Witt CUnton be correct, that while the deaths exceed the number of births in London, Paris and Amsterdam, " it is ascertained that in our great cities, there are at least two births to one death."f*^i The num- ber of the births and deaths is not regularly published. Humboldt estimated the births to the deaths, in the United States, as 201 to 100; in 1807, Mr. Blodget estimated the births at 345,000 and the deaths at 164,000, which is equal to 47.53 deaths for every 100 births. The following is an Abstract from the BiUs of Mortality for the cities of Bal- timore, Boston, New- York and Philadelphia, for 1814; we are not apprized, that any unusual disease, or other causes not common in each city, influenced the mortality in any one of the places mentioned. 1 g 06 iri 3 g CO i i i 2 1 9 E >» ►-) >. ?-» fe CN lO O a S S s s g i o 8 O CITIES. a _g 2 2 2 o 2 o o o 2 2 o Total o o o o h 1 £ £ £ £ s s fa 8 1 00 fa fa s 2 Baltimore 249 115 70 41 76 179 167 115 49 29 35 25 2 1,152 Boston 161 76 53 28 35 114 87 56 33 25 27 21 1 __ 727 New-York 407 100 132 91 94 280 245 218 133 91 84 35 2 2 1,974 Philadelphia 486 122 104 53 72 154 239 175 132 106 78 42 18 2 1,783 (41) Frankliit's miscellaneous works, p. 2. 4to edit. (42) De Witt Clinton's address delivered to the Philosophical and Literary Society of New- York. G 50 Of the Population of the United States. To the number of the deaths in the foregoing statements, for Philadelphia, there must be added 354 for the persons of every description, interred in the public burial ground, which will make the total number 2,137. Males. Females. In 1814, there died in Philadelphia, 913 . . . 714 Ditto .... Baltimore, not discriminated. Ditto .... Boston, • . 399 . . . 328 Ditto .... New-York, 1,062 . . . 912 According to the Bills of Mortality, pubhshed by order of the Board of Health, for the city of Philadelphia and the Liberties, there died in eight years, from 1807 to 1814, inclusive, 17,329 persons of aU ages; or the annual average of the deaths amounted to 2,166. In 1810, the deaths within the limits afore- said, amounted to 2,036 : that district then contained 88,977 inhabitants ; or, there was one death for every 43.40 persons Uving. From 1811 to 1814, in- clusive, there died 3,947 males, or 987 males per annum; 2,980 females, or 745 per annum : the deaths of the males were to those of the females as 1.32 to 1. On the average of eight years, from 1807 to 1814, inclusive, there died an- nually within the city of Philadelphia and the Liberties, the following propor- tion of persons of the different ages, compared with the total population of that district, viz. Of those who were under l year . 25.07 per centum Ditto from 1 to 2 years . . . 10.71 Ditto ditto 2 to 5 ditto . . 5.67 Ditto ditto 5 to 10 ditto . 3.00 Ditto ditto 10 to 20 ditto . 3.60 Ditto ditto 20 to 30 ditto . 8.63 Ditto ditto 30 to 40 ditto . . 10.99 Ditto ditto 40 to 50 ditto . 7.98 Ditto ditto 50 to 60 ditto . 5.95 Ditto ditto 60 to 70 ditto . 4.29 Ditto ditto 70 to 80 ditto . 3.27 Ditto ditto 80 to 90 ditto . 1.89 Ditto ditto 90 to 100 ditto . 0.50 Ditto ditto 100 to 110 ditto . 0.0009 Ditto ditto 110 to 120 ditto . 2 ' ^ Of the Population of the United States. 51 We are told that, " in Europe about one half of the number of children die before the age of seven years."^*^) According to Malthus, " in London, one half of the born died under three years of age ; in Vienna and Stockholm, un- der two ; in Manchester, under five ; in Norwich, under five ; and in Northamp- ton, under 10."^**) The following Table, showing the expectation of life, in the city of Philadel- phia, has been adopted by the " Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on lives, and granting annuities." The calculations are founded on the results, fiirnished by the records of the Episcopal church, and those of the Board of Health. Age. Episcopal Board of Age. Episcopal Board of Age. Episcopal Board of Age. Episcopal Board of Church. Health. Church. Health. Chuieh. Health. Church. Health. 1 30.91 25.96 24 28.46 24.67 47 18.55 17.44 70 9.37 9.83 2 34.43 32.92 25 27.99 24.14 48 18.14 17.24 71 8.92 9.48 6 35.74 36.80 26 27.50 23.61 49 17.73 17.02 72 8.54 9.15 4 37.30 36.85 27 27.00 23.08 50 17.32 16.82 73 8.16 8.84 5 37.91 36.94 28 26.50 22.55 51 16.92 16.66 74 7.75 8.47 6 38.60 37.02 29 25.99 22.01 52 16.52 16.31 75 7.43 8.23 7 38.24 36.42 30 25.50 21.48 53 16.13 15.97 76 7.06 7.78 8 37.88 35.83 31 24.99 20.93 54 15.75 15.64 77 6.72 7.50 9 37.50 35.23 32 24.59 20.65 55 15.40 15.33 78 6.40 7.25 10 37.12 34.59 33 24.19 20.40 56 . 15.04 14.97 79 6.15 7.07 11 36.74 33.95 34 23.80 20.16 57 14.68 14.62 80 5.95 6.97 12 36.09 33.20 35 23.40 19.95 58 14.35 14.31 81 5.86 7.00 13 35.43 32.44 36 23.01 19.76 59 14.04 14.00 82 5.40 6.65 14 34.77 31.68 37 22.64 19.57 60 13.75 13.71 83 4.94 6.33 15 34.10 30.92 38 22.23 19.40 61 13.48 13.44 84 4.50 6.00 16 33.43 30.16 39 21.83 19.25 62 13.04 13.06 85 4.07 5.85 17 32.73 29.38 40 21.44 19.15 63 12.60 12.68 86 3.66 5.50 18 32.02 28.60 41 21.05 19.09 64 12.17 12.25 87 3.30 5.17 19 31.31 27.82 42 20.80 18.87 65 11.70 11.82 88 3.00 4.92 20 30.60 27.04 43 20.22 18.54 66 11.23 11.41 89 2.83 4.75 21 29.88 26.25 44 19.82 18.18 67 10.76 11.00 ■ 90 4.73 22 29.40 24.57 45 19.42 17.91 68 10.30 10.60 23 28.93 25.19 46 18.99 17.64 69 9.83 10.21 The causes which have checked the progress of the population in other countries, have been more limited in the United States. The great mass of om' people is composed of agriculturalists, and om- commerce is supported chiefly by the surplus of their industry. Few of our citizens are concerned in unhealthy occupations; our towns and cities are not yet so large as to endanger the health of their inhabitants; fatal epidemics have not been very prevalent; property is much divided amongst the people, and a very moderate share of industry will (43) Commentary and Review of the Spirit of Laws, p. 247.* (44) Malthus, on Population, vol. i. p. 463. 52 Of the Population of the United States. enable every individual to gain his support. Whilst many of the writers in Europe have laboured to prove that the countries of which they have treated, are adequate to support the present number of their inhabitants, no one has ventured to predict when our population will be at the maximum, to be checked for the want of subsistence. If the physical condition of man be governed by the laws, which regulate that of other animals, our population has derived advantages from the commixture of many different nations; we have avoided the degeneracy that follows the constant intermarriage in the same families. Marriages in the United States, are more frequent and more prolific than they are in other countries; Doctor Franklin supposed they were in the proportion of two for every 100 persons, and that there were eight births for each marriage, of which one half grew up. A foreigner has said, " no human consideration there (in the United States) operates as a hindrance to reproduction, and the children swarm on the rich land in the same manner as do the insects.''^**) The great body of the people is composed of natives, who are the descendants of the emigrants from most of the nations in Europe ; a very few have derived their origin from a union of the whites with the aborigines. The inhabitants of New England, more than those of any other part of the country, have proceeded from a common stock, and they are generally descended from the people of England. The population is most concentrated near the Atlantic coast, and becomes more sparce as we recede from it. The aborigines or Indians, who reside within the United States, occupy districts, which have been specially reserved for them by a contract with the government; they are not included in the enumerations, returned to Cdligress. These savages decline faster than any other people ; they acquire all our vices, and practise none of our virtues, and they commonly become the victims of the diseases occasioned by habitual intemperance: they present the most wretched picture which human nature can exhibit. (*^> The government of the United States was the first to prohibit the slave trade ; that condition of our species has very few advocates in our country, yet there are many obstacles in the way of their immediate and general emancipation. The slaves are treated with less severity than formerly; they are better clothed, and more abundantly fed, and the labour required of them is less oppressive. It wiU be interesting to notice the effects of these changes on their increase ; it (45) Beaujour's View of the United States, p. 74. (46) In 1812, Dr. Morse estimated " the whole number of Indians in the United States" at 60,000. Of the Population of the United States. 53 is certain that the powers of generation must be promoted by them. The mas- ters will also add to the proportion of the females ; hitherto, the slaves consisted principally of males who were capable to labour ; few females were employed, because a refined calculation had taught the masters, that it cost less to buy grown up slaves than it did to raise them ; it is probable in future, the rate of the increase of the slaves will be nearly the same as that of the free population. CHAPTER II. OF THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. SECTION I. GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. W HATEVER may have been the influence of the religious persecution which occasioned the emigrations to the British possessions in North America, it is certain, that the government of Great Britain contemplated an extension of then* commerce, when the colonies were authorized and established. Independent of the views of the government, and the fact, that the early settlers in our country were derived from the most commercial nation in Europe, the circumstances were multifarious, and very soon demonstrated, that commerce would constitute a principal branch of the industry of these people. The extensive sea board, the great rivers that intersect every portion of the country, the many excel- lent ports and harbours, the varied climate and fertile soU, were the guarantees of the rank which the people of the United States would hold amongst com- mercial nations. In 1700, the total value of the exports from Great Britain, to aU parts of the world, amounted to ^7,621,053 sterling.(') In 1772, the value of the exports from Great Britain to her colonies, or the countries now included in the United States, amounted to ^1,979,416 sterling ;(^^ or at the period last mentioned, the (1) Anderson's Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce; vol. v. p. 42. Dublin edition. (2) Anderson, loc. citat. vol. v. p. 226. Of the Commerce of the United States. 55 value of the exports from Great Britain to the colonies, was more than one- fourth of the amount which her export trade had acquired in the course of 1700 years from an intercourse with aU parts of the world! In 1700, the export trade to these colonies amounted only to §6343,828 sterling ;(^^ in the space of seventy- two years, it had increased in value very nearly six fold. Such was the augment- ation of the commerce of Great Britain, in consequence of her connection with a country, which, in 1584, not two centuries before, was included in the patent granted to Sir Walter Raleigh, by Queen Ehzabeth, as the " remote heathen lands, not then inhabited by Christians," that he might " discover in six years !"(*^ In defiance of the strongest indications of nature and experience, there have existed some writers, who delighted to misrepresent the United States, after their independence had been acknowledged by Great Britain; amongst these we find Lord Sheffield: he ventured to assert, that " it would hardly be the interest of the Americans to go to Canton, because they have no articles to send thither, nor any money."^') In 1806, thirteen American vessels arrived from Canton, in the port of Philadelphia alone ; of these twelve were ships, whose aggregate tonnage amounted to 4,038.91 tons. and one brig 187.79 do. Making a total of . . 4,226.|| do. and each of them brought home very valuable cargoes.^®) We have the authority of one of the best informed British merchants, that the Americans have shipped more money during several years, to China and Bengal, than was sent from Great Britain. ('^^ We have made much greater progress in this trade than the several nations of Europe had done before us. In 1747, the British had only eight ships, and the Dutch but six, employed in the China trade. In 1789 there were at Canton, in China, three Portuguese, five Dutch, one French one (3) Anderson, loc. citat. vol. v. p. 42. (4) Ibid. vol. ii. p. 210. (5) Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the American States, p. 15. (6) See Custom-House records for the port of Philadelphia. In 1816, prior to the 11th of October twentv- four vessels, of which twenty-two were ships, and all of them belonging to the port of Philadelphia had proceeded to ports beyond the Cape of Good Hope. In 1789, on the 4th of May, it was stated in the House of Representatives of the United States, that forty-seven vessels were at that time, " on voyages to the countries beyond the Cape of Good Hope." Debates of Congress, vol. i. p. 183. (7) " To Bengal the Americans may be computed to send about half a million sterling annually in Spanish dollars, and about the same sum to China, which is certainly much more than is sent from Great Britain." Baring's Enquiry into the Causes and Consequences of the Orders in Council, p. 99. 5h Of the Commerce of the United States. Danish, ^if^m United States, twenty-one East India Company's ships, and forty belonging to British subjects residing in India/*> The following statement demonstrates our capacity for a trade with India. This document was extracted from sundry papers printed in 1812, by order of the Court of Du-ectors of the East India Company. (*> " Official value of the bullion and merchandise imported into, and exported from British India, (Bengal, Madrass, and Bombay) to London, America, and Foreign Europe, for six years, viz. from 1802-3 to 1807-8, both inclusive. LONDON. By East India Company Officers of Company's ships British private trade Americans Foreign Europeans Total IMPORTS INTO INDIA. EXPORTS. Bullion. Pounds Sterling. 4,939,128 179,756 1,167,460 4,543,662 2,051,093 Goods & Stores. Pounds Sterling. 5,547.501 2,640,000 1,832,980 667,654 1,072,960 Total. Pounds Sterling. 10,486,629 2,819,756 3,000.440 5.211.316 3,124,053 Goods only. Ponnds Sterling. 8,108.897 1,939,000 5,681,740 4,803,283 2.437,752 12,831,099 11,761,095 24,642,194 22,970,672 " The value of the Company's imports into India, is taken from the invoices of the ships as they arrived in India, with the addition of ten per cent, upon the invoice price outwards. The value of the British private trade, as also the American and foreign European, is the India official value, and which appears to correspond pretty nearly with the market prices in India." It therefore appears, that the United States exported, in buUion, to India, only, ^1,742,682 sterling, less than had been exported, during the same six years, by the British East India Company, the officers of the company's ships, and by the British private trade ; the amount which we exported, was more than two-thu'ds of that exported from Great Britain. In the sequel we will find, that other pre- dictions of Lord Sheffield were equally fallacious. Had his lordship viewed our situation, in relation to the continent of Europe, the West-Indies, and the Euro- pean colonies in South America ; or had he contemplated the extent and nature of our staples, and our superabundance of every article, required for the build- ing and equipping of vessels ; together with the skiU of our naval constructors ; (8) Macpherson's Annals of Commerce, vol. iv. p. 195. In 1785, the first importations were made into the United States from China. The Russians first attempted to trade with China by sea, in the reign of the Emperor Paul ; for that purpose three vessels were built. Storch's " Historische Zeitschrift," for March, 1805, p. 150. (9) Literary Panorama, for May. 1812, p. 774. Of the Commerce of the United States. 57 the intrepidity of our navigators ; and the enterprize of our merchants, he would not only have avoided the errors which he propagated, but, he would also have perceived, that our climate, soil and productions are calculated to make us in- dependent of supplies from other nations. The facility of an intercourse with foreign nations, soon led the Americans to direct their views towards an ex- tension of their trade, of which the parent state, long since, exhibited proofs of disapprobation: we are told that, in 1670, England entertained a jealousy of the shipping and fishing of New England/'") Dming the war of the revolution, our commerce was suspended ; after the peace, in 1783, our trade contiuued to languish ; it had to contend with domes- tic and foreign obstacles ; foreign nations entertained a jealousy concerning these states ; at home a rivalship was prevalent amongst the several members of the confederacy, and checked the prosperity of the nation. Each of the thirteen independent sovereignties, contemplated its own intermediate interests ; some of the states declared the commercial intercourse with them, to be equally free to aU nations, and they cautiously avoided to lay duties on such merchandise as was subject to them, when imported into other states. To provide a fund to discharge the public debt, and to pay the arrears due to the soldiers who fought the battles of the revolution, it was proposed in Congress, during the operation of the articles of Confederation, to lay a duty of five per centum ad valorem, on foreign merchandise imported into the United States ; the opposition of the state of Rhode Island, was, of itself, adequate to defeat this plan.^") When the state of Pennsylvania laid a duty on foreign merchandise imported, the state of New-Jersey, equally washed by the waters of the Delaware river, admitted the same articles free of duty: they could easily be smuggled into one state from the other. The several states laid different rates of duty on foreign tonnage : in some one sliilling sterling per ton was imposed on vessels, which in other states paid three shillings sterling per ton. Such was the misunderstanding amongst the several states ; there were no general commercial regulations for them, nor could the Congress enforce any, unless they were adopted by every member of the federation ; the opposition of any one of the states, could prevent the passage of any act on the subject. Other nations were well disposed to take advantage of our domestic embar- rassments. Veiy soon after the conclusion of the American war, Great Britain was not alone opposed to our commercial prosperity ; France and Spain were equally jealous of it ; we were by these nations considered as their rival, pos- (10) Macpherson, loc. citat. vol. ii. p. 554. (11) Proceedings of Congress, 18th April, 1783. H 58 Of the Commerce of the United States. sessed of the means and the character to dispute the benefits arising from navi- gation. Om' intercourse with all these nations, was placed under restrictions '^ their connection with us was measured by the scale of interest. After France and Spain had became parties to our revolutionary war, they consented to ad- mit foreign vessels mto their West India ports, whereby they were enabled to man their fleets, and to obtain subsistence for the inhabitants. Immediately after the preliminaries of the peace were signed, in 1783, these nations abridged, and very soon thereafter, abolished the privileges, they had granted to foreigners in this branch of their trade. By an arret of the 30th of August, 1784, foreign vessels, of more than sixty tons, were not permitted to enter the ports of the French West Indies ; the merchandise that was allowed to be entered, was enu- merated and very limited ; it consisted principally of articles of first necessity, and in return for the American cargoes, molasses, rum and such merchandise as had been imported from France, could only be taken away.^*^^ Recently the same system of restrictions has been again adopted. ('^) Soon after the peace, in 1783, the United States offered to enter into treaties of commerce with Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal ;(^*^ all our over- tures were, under various pretexts, rejected. Surrounded by difficulties, it became a paramount duty to cure the palsy which afflicted us at home. It was manifest, that general regidations were essen- tial to the safety and welfare of the Union ; it was absolutely necessary, that the power to regulate and control our intercourse with foreign nations, should be eonfidfed to Congress alone; and it was that conviction, which, principally, induced the people of the United States, to call the convention to revise the articles of the confederation. By the Constitution of the United States, Congress has power, " To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and within the Indian tribes." " No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state; no prefer- ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state, over that of another; nor shall vessels, bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear or pay duties in another." " No state shall, without the consent of Congress^ lay any impost or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing (12) Macpherson, loc. citat. vol. iv. p. 55 and 56. (13) Decree of the governor of Martinique, dated 14th March, 1816. (14) Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. v. p. 182, et seq. 2 Of the Commerce of the United States. 59 its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state, on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States, and aU such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of Congress/'i^i^) The adoption of our present constitution, stamped upon us the characters of a nation ; that instrument secured domestic tranquillity, and paved the way for amicable relations with foreign powers : at home it was succeeded by general prosperity ; abroad, it gained for us the respect of foreign powers. Very soon after our new form of government was set in motion, the Secretary of State proposed a most liberal system of poUcy, in relation to our commercial inter- course with other nations. His views were detailed in a report, made in answer to a resolution of the House of Representatives, of the 23d of February, 1791. A free commerce with every nation was strongly advocated ; the Secretary thus expressed himself on that subject : " instead of embarrassing commerce under piles of regulating laws, duties and prohibitions, it should be relieved from all its shackles in all parts of the world. Woxdd even a single nation, begin with the United States this system of free commerce, it would be adviseable to begin it with that nation." Independent of our newly acquu^ed political character, cuxumstances arose in Europe, by which a new and extensive field was presented for our commercial enterprize. The most memorable of revolutions was commenced in France, in 1789 ; the wars, consequent to that event, created a demand for our exports, and invited our shipping for the carrying trade of a very considerable portion of Europe; we not only earned the colonial productions to the several parent states, but we also became the purchasers of them in the French, Spanish and Dutch colonies. A new era was established in our commercial history ; the indi- viduals, who partook of these advantages, were numei-ous ; our catalogue of merchants was swelled much beyond what it was entitled to be from the state of our population. Many persons, who had secured moderate capitals, from mechanical pursuits, soon became the most adventurous.f^^^^ The predominant spirit of that time has had a powerftd effect in determining the character of the rising generation in the United States. The brilliant prospects held out by com- merce, caused our citizens to neglect the mechanical and manufactiu-ing branches (15) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. Sect. viii. ix. x. (16) W^e have no trading companies under the authority of the United States. The occupations here are voluntary ; it is very common for persons to change their pursuits frequently; foreigners enjoy the same commercial privileges as the citizens of the United States, except, that aliens cannot, in tlie whole or in part, ))e the owners of American vesselsi 60 Of the Commerce of the United States. of industry ; fallacious views, founded on temporary circumstances, carried us fiom these pursuits, which must ultimately constitute the resources, wealth and power of this nation. Temporary benefits were mistaken for permanent advan- tages ; so certain were the profits on the foreign voyages, that commerce was only pursued as an art ; all the knowledge, which former experience had con- sidered as essentially necessary, was now unattended to ; thephilosophy of com- merce, if I am allowed the expression, was totally neglected; the nature of foreign productions was but little investigated by the shippers in the United States ; the demand in Europe for foreign merchandise, especially for that of the West Indies and South America, secured to all these cargoes a ready sale, with a great profit. The most adventurous became the most wealthy, and that without the knowledge of any of the principles which govern commerce under ordinary circumstances. No one was limited to any one branch of trade ; the same individual was concerned in voyages to Asia, South America, the West Indies and Europe. Our tonnage increased in a ratio, with the extended cata- logue of the exports; we seemed to have arrived at the maximum of human prosperity ; in proportion to our population we ranked as the most commercial nation ; in point of value, our trade was only second to that of Great Britain. By our extended intercourse with other nations we not only augmented our pecuniary resources, but we thereby became acquainted with their habits, man- ners, science, arts, resources, wealth and power. At home we imitated them in much that was usefiil and adapted to our condition ; fixed and permanent im- provements were established throughout the United States ; the accumulated capital of our merchants, enabled them to explore new sources of wealth ; our cities were augmented and embellished, our agriculture was improved, our population was increased, and our debt was diminished. The merchants who had been long engaged in trade, were confounded by the changes which were so suddenly effected ; the less experienced considered the newly acquired advan- tages as matters of right, and that they would remain to us; they did not contemplate a period of general peace, when each nation wiU carry its own productions, when discriminations will be made in favour of domestic tonnage, when foreign commerce wiU be limited to enumerated articles, and when much circumspection will be necessary in all our commercial transactions. The food which we heretofore exported to foreign countries, may not, in future, be required for their consumption ; many of the hands formerly engaged for defence and conquest in Europe, may be employed in aid of agriculture ; instead of continuing to be consumers they may have a surplus of provisions to Of the Commerce of the United States. 61 export, by reason of the many thousands who were in their armies and fleets, being added to the productive classes ; the waste that uniformly accompanies armies, wiU cease and save much of the subsistence in Europe. We cannot sup- port the present disproportion in the value of our exports and imports ; the most serious embarrassments will take place, unless we diminish our extravagance and encourage domestic industry. Instead of vesting our hopes upon a fallacious intercourse with foreign nations, we should cherish the means of extending the home market; instead of flattering ourselves with a return of the prosperity which has attended our commerce during many of the years, whilst the Euro- peans were engaged in wars, we should refer to our experience, from 1783 to 1791, for the rules that seem best adapted to our future situation. In 1790, the aggregate of our exports was estimated at 19,012,041 dollars; in 1791, then- value was increased by 1,741,057 dollars, or about one-eleventh of their amount in 1790. In 1792, the aggregate of the exports amounted to 26,109,572 dollars; the addition in the course of this year was 5,356,474 dollars, or more than one-fifth of their total value in the preceding year. In 1793, the exports were estimated at 33,026,233 dollars, or they were augmented con- siderably above one-fourth of then- amount in 1792. The value of the exports increased with the progress of the war in Europe; this effect was common to our domestic surplus products and to the foreign merchandise re-exported. Prior to 1795, there was no discrimination at the Treasury Department, of the value of the domestic and foreign merchandise exported from the United States. In 1795, the aggregate value of the merchandise exported was estimated at 67,064,097 dohars; of this amount the domestic productions were estimated at 40,764,097 dollars, and the foreign produce re-exported at 26,300,000 dol- lars.^i'') In 1796, the foreign merchandise re-exported, was only 2,850,208 dol- lars less in value than that of the domestic exports; in 1797, the foreign merchandise exceeded the value of the domestic exports by 4,472,903 dollars- during several of flie succeeding years, the value of the foreign merchandise exported, greatly surpassed that of the domestic articles, and, in 1806, was estimated at 59,643,558 dollars, or it exceeded the value of the domestic exports by more than one-fifth, or 22,47 per centum. In 1805, the foreign mer- chandise re-exported arrived at the maximum, and amounted to 60,283,236 dollars, and in that year exceeded the value of the domestic productions export- ed in any one preceding or succeeding year, 1816 and 1817 excepted. (ir) In 1790, Mr. Blodget estimated the foreign merchandise re-exported at 1,800,000 dollars. Statisti- cal Manual, p. 64. 62 Of the Commerce of the United States. The periodical progress of our export trade is exhibited by the following statements, viz. Dollace. Total value of the exports from the United States, in 1795 . . 67,064,a97 Ditto . , . ditto 1790 . . 19,012,041 Increase in five years 48,052,056 Total value of the exports from the United States, in 1800 , . 94,115,92'5 Increase in ten years 75,103,884 Total vaiue of the exports from the United States, in 1805 . , 101,536,963 Increase in fifteen years 82,524,922 Total value of the exports from the United States, in 1806, when they arrived at the maximum 108,343,150 Increase in sixteen years 89,331,109 That demon spirit, jealousy, seems inherent in nations. Our commercial pros- perity did not pass unobserved in Europe; it was there conceived that the youngest of civilized nations had advanced too rapidly ; in it was perceived an infant Hercides ! Our freedom and the tendency of our civil institutions, did not accord with the views and policy of the superannuated monarchies of Europe ; it was determined to arrest our progress, and to check that influence which we might acquire amongst nations. The powers of Europe who were at that time embarrassed, irritated and at war, could not passively permit us to aggrandise ourselves, especially when it was to be the consequence of their losses and depreciation; they imposed numerous and vexatious restrictions upon our foreign commerce, in consequence of which we were ultimately made a belligerent. Great Britain saw, with anxiety, that her fonner colonies had become her most dangerous rival, and considered it possible that they might surpass her in the amount of her foreign commerce. The war which she had declared against France was made the instrument of om- intended degradation ; her hostility was exhibited under the form of numerous interdictions, blockades and orders in council ; she even attempted to make us tributary to her, by exacting an enormous transit duty for our domestic productions, when they were carried to the ports of other foreign nations ! France and Spain soon adopted hostile proceedings, under the titles of arrets, counter orders and decrees, which they alleged Were founded on the principle of retaliation; and finally, Of the Commerce of the United States. 63 we had the alternative of an abandonment of the ocean, or that of taking a part in the war, presented for our determination. The government of the United States, was at all times disposed to be at peace with aU nations ; for that pm^pose a measm^e which induced the greatest of sa- eriiees, was resorted to; on the 22d of December, 1807, an embargo was laid on all the vessels in the ports and harbours of the United States. That act con- tinued in force, until the 1st of March, 1809 ! At the moment when our foreign commerce had arrived at the maximum, it was completely suspended! This transition was the more severe because of its having been so suddenly adopted, and especially as foreign commerce had always been a principal branch of our industry. The very cause which had so astonishingly promoted our prosperity, now became the instrument of its oppression and ruin; that which had been most desired, in Europe, seemed about to be accomplished; our export trade, after having, in the course of sixteen years, from 1790 to 1806, acquired an augmenta- tion of 89,331,109 dollars, was in 1807, in an mstant, reduced to the aggregate of 23,430,960 dollars, oidy 1,677,862 doUars more than the amount in 1791, the second year after the organization of the present government ! The following are the principal hostile Instructions, Blockades, Orders in Conncil, Arrets, Decrees and other proceedings of the beUigerent powers of Europe, which were so destructive to the interests of neutral nations in general, but more especially of those of the United States, viz, I. Of the British Proceedings. 1793. A treaty was concluded between Great Britain, Russia, Spain, Prussia, and the Emperor of Germany, by which the parties engaged to shut their ports against the vessels belonging to France. They prohibited the exportation of all military or naval stores, corn, grain and provisions from their ports, for the ports of France ; they fiirther engaged, " to take all other measures in their power for injuring the commerce of France," to unite all' their efforts, " to prevent other powers not implicated in this war, from giving, on this occasion of common concern to eveiy civilized state, any protection whatever, directly or indirectly, in consequence of their neutrality, to the commerce or prosperity of the French, on the sea or in the ports of France."(i^) (18) Treaty with Russia, 25th of March; with SpMn, 25th of May; with Prussia, 14th of July, and with the Emperor of Germany, 30th of August, 1793. 64 Of the Commerce of the United States. 1793, Jime 8th. The British government instructed the commanders of all their armed vessels to detain and bring into British ports, all vessels loaden wholly or in part with com, flom' or meal, and bound to France, or ports occupied by the French armies. The provisions aforesaid, when brought into British ports, were purchased on behalf of the British government. All vessels attempt- ing to enter a blockaded port, were sent in for condemnation. 1793, Kovember Gth. The British commanders were directed to detain all neutral vessels laden with the produce of the French colonies, and all vessels car- rying provisions or other supplies to said colonies. 1194:, January 8th. The order issued on the 6th of November, 1793, was revoked; new regulations were adopted, pursuant to which all vessels laden with the produce of the French West India colonies, and going from the said colonies to any port in Europe, were brought in for adjudication. Vessels laden with merchandise as aforesaid, were ordered to be brought in, to what- ever port they might be bound ; provided the merchandise was the property of any French subject. All vessels attempting to enter the blockaded ports of said colonies were seized, and all such as had on board naval and military stores, bound to then* ports, were brought in for adjudication. 1794, January 25th. The instructions issued on the 8th instant, were revoked. In future, all vessels, laden with the produce of any island or settlement be- longing to France, Spain or the United Provinces, and coming directly from any port thereof to any port in Europe, not being a port of Great Britain, nor a port of that country to which such ships, being neutral ships, belonged, were brought in for adjudication. All vessels, having on board the property of the subjects of the enemies countries aforesaid, to whatever port they might be bound, were directed to be brought in as aforesaid. All vessels attempting to enter the blockaded ports of the islands aforesaid, and all such as had on board military or naval stores, were seized and brought in. 1794, March i8th. The French West India islands were declared to be in a state of blockade. 1794, August i8th. The instructions, dated 8th of June, 1793, were revoked. Henceforth all ships laden with corn, flour or meal, destined for French ports, were brought in for adjudication, without any purchase of their cargoes being made on behalf of the British government. 1797, April nth. Horatio Nelson declared Cadiz to be in a state of blockade. 1799, March 22d. All the ports of Holland were declared to be in a state of rigid blockade. 1799, Kovember 21th. The blockade of the 22d March last, was suspended. Of the Cominerce of the United States. t>5 1803, Ju7ie 24th. Instructions were issued not to interrupt the direct trade between neutrals and the colonies of enemies, unless, upon the outward passage, contraband supplies had been furnished by the neutrals. 1804, January 5th. Certain ports of Martinique and Guadaloupe were declared to be in a state of blockade. The siege of Curra^oa was also converted into a blockade. 1804, August 9th. A most rigorous blockade was declared to be established, at the entrances of the ports of Fecamp, St. Vallery, au Caux, Dieppe, Treport, the Somme, Etaples, Boulogne, Calais, Gravelines, Dunkirk, Nieuport and Ostend. 1805, August nth. The direct trade with the enemies colonies was made sub- ject to restrictions. 1806, April 8th. A rigorous blockade was declared to be established at the entrances of the Ems, the Weser, the Elbe, and the Trave. 1806, May i6th. All the ports from the river Elbe to the port of Brest, both inclusive, were declared to be in a state of blockade. 1806, September 25th. So much of the blockade, declared on the 16th of May last, as extended from the river Elbe to the river Ems, both inclusive, was for a time suspended. 1807, January 1th. By an Order in Council no vessel was permitted to trade from one port to another port, both of which belonged to France or her allies, or which was so far under their control as that British vessels might not trade freely thereat. 1807, June 22d. The American frigate Chesapeake was attacked, by the British ship of war Leopard of 50 guns, within the waters of the United States. 1807, June 26th. A rigoVous blockade was declared to be re-established at the entrances of the rivers Ems, Weser and Elbe. 1807, October i6th. AU British seamen, engaged in foreign service, were recalled; such of them as continued to serve vohmtarily on board of any ships of war belonging to any foreign state, at enmity vsith Great Britam, were declared to be guilty of high treason. The letters of naturalization, granted by other nations, were declared to be void and without effect. 1807, Mrvember nth. Three Orders in Council were pubhshed. Inconsequence of their importance and " studied obscurity," they are inserted at length, viz : " At the Court of the Queen's Palace, the nth of November, 1807, present, the king's most excellent majesty in council. - « Whereas, certain orders, establishing an unprecedented system of warfare against this kingdom, and aimed especially at the destruction of its commerce I b6 Of the Commerce of the United States. and resources, were some time since issued by the government of France, by Which ' the British islands were declared to be in a state of blockade,' thereby subjecting to capture and condemnation, all vessels with their cargoes, which should continue to trade with his majesty's dominions : " And whereas by the same orders, ' all trading in English merchandise is pro- hibited : and every article of merchandise belonging to England, or coming from her colonies, or of her manufacture are declared lawful pme.' " And whereas the nations in alliance with France, and under her control, were refctuired to give, and have given, and do give, effect to such orders : ^ And whereas his majesty's order of the 7th of January last, has not answered the desired purpose, either of compelling the enemy to recal those orders, or of inducing neutral nations to interpose, with effect, to obtain their revocation : but, on the contrary, the same have been recently enforced with increased rigour : " And whereas his majesty, under these circumstances, finds himself compelled to take further measures for asserting and vindicating his just rights, and for sup- porting that maritime power, which the e:^ertions and valour of his people have under the blessing of Providence, enabled him to establish and maintain : and the the maintainance of which is not more essential to the safety and prosperity of his majesty's dominions, than it is to the protection of such states as still retain their independence, and to the general intercourse and happiness of mankind. First Order. " His majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that all the ports and places of France and her allies, or of any other country at war with Ms majesty, and all other ports or places in Europe, from which, although not at war with his majesty, the British flag is excluded, and all ports or places in the colonies belonging to his majesty's enemies, shall from henceforth, be subject to the same restrictions in point of trade and navigation, with the exceptions hereinafter mentioned, as if the same were actually blockaded by his majesty's naval forces, in the most strict and rigorous manner. And it is hereby further ordered and declared, that all trade in articles which are of the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be deemed and considered to be unlawful : and that every vessel trading from or to the said countries or colonies, together with goods and merchandise on board, and all articles of the produce or manufacture of the said countries or colonies, shall be captured and condemned as prize to the captors. "But although his majesty would be fiiUy justified by the circumstances and considerations above recited, in establishing such a system of restrictions with respect to aU the countries and colonies of his enemies, without excep- 2 Of the Commerce of the United States. 67 tion or qualification : yet his majesty, being nevertheless desirous not to subject neutrals to any greater inconvenience than, is absolutely inseparable fi'om the carrying into effect his majesty's just determmation to counteract the designs of his enemies, and to retort upon themselves the consequences of their own violence and injustice: and being yet willing to hope that it may be possible (consistently with that object) stiU to allow to neutrals the opportu- mty of furnishing themselves with colonial produce for their own consumption and supply: and even to leave open, for the present, such trabe with his majesty's enemies as shael. be carried on directly with the ports op his majesty's dominions, or op his allies, in the manner hereinafter mentioned. " His majesty is therefore pleased further to order, and it is hereby ordered, that nothing herein contained shall extend to subject to capture or condemnation any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any country not declared by this order to be subjected to the restrictions incident to a state of blockade, which shall have cleared out with such cargo from some port or place of the country to which she belongs, either in Europe or America, or from some free port in his majesty's colonies, under circumstances, in which such trade from such free port is pennitted, direct to some port or place in the colonies of his majesty's enemies, or from those colonies direct to the country to which such vessel belongs, or to some free port in his majesty's colonies, in such cases, and with such articles, as it may be lawftil" to import into such free port ; nor to any vessel, or cargo of any vessel, belonging to any coun- try not at war with his majesty, which shall have cleared out fi'om some port or place in this kingdom, or from Gibraltar or Malta, under such regu- lations as his majesty, may thmk fit to prescribe, or from any port belonging to his majesty's allies, and shall be proceeding direct to the port specified in her clearance; nor to any vessel, or the cargo of any vessel, belonging to any countiy not at war with his majesty, which shall be coming from any port or place in Europe, which is declared by this order to be subject to the re- strictions incident to a state of blockade, destined to some port or place IN Europe belonging to his majesty, and which shall be on her voyage direct thereto ; but these exceptions are not to be understood as excepting from capture or confiscation any vessel or goods which shall be liable thereto in respect of having entered or departed from any port or place actually blockaded by his majesty's squadrons or ships of war, or for being enemies property, or for any other cause tiian the contravention of this present order. "And the commanders of Ms majesty's ships of war and privateers, and other vessels acting under his majesty's commission, shall be, and are hereby instructed, 68 Of the Commerce of the United States. to warn every vessel which shall have commenced her voyage, prior to any notice of this Order, and shall be destined to any port of France, or of her allies, or of any other country at war with his majesty, or to any port or place from which the British flag, as aforesaid, is excluded, or to any colony belon^g to his majesty's enemies, and which shall not have cleared out as is herein before allowed, to discontinue her voyage, and to proceed to some port or place in this kingdom, or to Gibraltar or Malta. And any vessel which, after having been so warned, or after a reasonable time shall have been afforded for the arrival of information of this his majesty's order, to any port or place from which she sailed, or which, after having notice of this order, shall be found in the prosecution of any voyage, contrary to the restrictions contained in this order, shall be captured, and together v^dth her cargo, condemned as lawful prize to the captors. " And whereas countries not engaged in the war have acquiesced in the orders of France, prohibiting all trade in any articles the produce or manufacture of his majesty's dominions; and the merchants of those countries have given coimtenance and effect to those prohibitions, by accepting from such persons styling themselves commercial agents of the enemy, resident at neutral ports, certain documents, teraied ' certificates of origin,' being certificates obtained at the ports of shipment, declaring that the articles of the cargo ^ are not of the produce or manufacture of his majesty's dominions, or to that effect. . " And whereas this expedient has been directed by France, and submitted to by such merchants as part of the new system of warfare directed against the trade of this kingdom, and as the most effectual instrument of accomplishing the same ; and it is therefore essentially necessary to resist it. " His majesty is therefore pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that if any vessel, after reasonable time shall have been afforded for receiving notice of this his majesty's order, at the port or place from which such vessel shall have cleared out, shall be found can-ying any such certificate or document as aforesaid, or any document refeiTing to or authenticating the same, such vessel shall be adjudged lawful prize to the captors, together with the goods laden therein, belonging to the person or persons by whom, or on whose behalf any such document was put on board." Second Order. " Wliereas articles of the growth and manufacture of foreign countries cannot by law be imported into this country, except in British vessels, or in ships belonging to the countries of which such articles are the growth and manufacture, without an order in councU, especially authorizing the same: His majesty taking into consideration the order of this day's date, respecting the trade to be carried on to and from the ports of the enemy, and deeming it Of the Commerce of the United States. ti9 expedient that any vessel belonging to any country in alliance or at amity with his majesty, may be permitted to import into this country, articles of the pro- duce or manufacture of countries at war with his majesty. " His majesty, by and with the advice of his privy council, is therefore pleased to order, and it is hereby ordered, that all goods, wares or merchandises, speci- fied and included in the schedule of an act, passed in the 43d year of his present majesty's reign, entitled ' an act to repeal the duties of customs payable in Great Britain, and to grant other duties in lieu thereof,' may be imported from any port or place, belonging to any state not at amity with his majesty, in ships belonging to any state at amity with his majesty, subject to the payment of such duties, and liable to such drawbacks as are now established by law upon the importation of the said goods, wares or merchandise, in ships navigated according to law; and with respect to such of the said goods, wares or mer- chandise, as are authorised to be warehoused under the provisions of an act, passed in the 43d year of his present majesty's reign, intituled ' an act for per- mitting certain goods imported into Great Britain, to be secured in warehouses without payment of duty,' subject to all the regulations of the said last men- tioned act; and with respect to aU articles which are prohibited by law fi-om being imported into this country, it is ordered, that the same shall be reported for exportation to any country in amity or alliance with his majesty. " And his majesty is further pleased by and with the advice of his privy comi- cil to order, and it is hereby ordered, that all vessels which shall arrive at any port of the United Kingdom, or at the port of Gibraltar or Malta, in conse- quence of having been warned pursuant to the aforesaid order, or in consequence of receiving information, in any other manner, of the said order, subsequent to their having taken on board any part of their cargoes, whether previous or sub- sequent to their saihng, shall be permitted to report their cargoes for exporta- tion, and shall be allowed to proceed upon their voyages to then- original ports of destination (if not unlawful before the issuing of the said order), or to any port at amity with his majesty, upon receiving a certificate from the collector or comptroller of the customs at the port at which they shall so enter, (which certificate the said collectors or comptrollers of the customs are hereby author- ized and required to give), setting forth that such vessels came into such port in consequence of being so warned, or of receiving such information as aforesaid ; and that they were permitted to sail from such port under the regulations which his majesty has been pleased to establish in respect to such vessels. But in case any vessel so arriving, shall prefer to import her cargo, then such vessel shall be allowed to enter and import the same, upon such terms and conditions as 70 Of the Commerce of the United States. the said cargo might have been imported upon, according to law, in case the said vessel had sailed after having received notice of the said order, and in con- formity thereto. « And it is further ordered, that aU vessels which shall anive at any port of the United Kingdom, or at Gibraltar or Malta, in conformity and obedience to said order, shall be allowed, in reepiect to all articles which may be on board the same, except sugar, coffee, wipe, brandy, snuff and tobacco, to clear out to any port whatever, to be specified in such clearance; and with respect to the last mentioned articles, to export the same to such ports and under such conditions and regulations only, as his majesty, by any license^^*) to be granted for that , purpose, may du'ect." Third Order. Declared, that in future the sale to a neutral of any vessel be- longing to his majesty's enemies, shall not be deemed to be legal, nor in any manner to transfer the property, nor to alter the character of such vessel. ^*^ Q9) During the war with France, the government of Great Britain adopted the practice of granting- licenses to trade with their enemies ; the extent to which this system was carried, will appear from the fallowing statement, made in the House of Commons on the 25th of February, 1811, viz: Years. Number of licenses granted. Years. Number of licenses granted. Grand total. 1802 68T 1807 2,606n 1 1803 856 1808 4,911 1804 1,141 5> 4,5r6 1809 15,226 L 48,701 |> 53,277 1805 791 1810 18,356 1806 l,620j 1811 7,602j J (20) The operation of the orders, above recited, will be better understood from the following analysis of them, extracted from A. Baring's inquiry into the causes and consequences of the Orders in Council, &c. p: 12. New-York edition: " All trade directly from America to every port and country of Europe at war with Great Britain, or from which the British flag is excluded, is totally prohibited. In this general prohibition, every port of Europe, with the exception at present of Sweden, is included, and no distinction whatever is made between the domestic produce of America, and that of the colonies re-exported from thence. " The trade from America to the colonies of all nations remains unaltered by the present orders — America may export the produce of her own country, but that of no other directly to Sweden. " With the above exception, all articles, whether of domestic or colonial produce, exported by America to Europe, must be landed in this country, (England) from whence it is intended to permit their re-exporta- tion imder such regulations as may hereafter be determined. " By these regulations it is understood that duties are to be imposed on all articles so re-exported; but, it is intimated that an exception will be made in favour of such as are the produce ot the United States, that of cotton excepted. " Any vessel, the cargo whereof shall be accompanied with certificates of French Consuls abroad of its origin, shall, together with the cargo, be liable to seizure and condemnation, " Proper care is taken that the operation of the Orders shall not commence until time is aftbrded for Of the Commerce of the United States. 71 1807, November 25th. Sundiy Orders in Council were issued, viz: The First Order fixed the periods for different ports and places, after which the Orders in Council of the 11th instant, were to be enforced against such vessels as cleared fi^om such ports or places respectively. The 20th of January, 1808, was fixed for such as cleared out of ports in the United States and the West Indies. Second Order. « Whereas his majesty, by his Order in Council, dated llth November instant, respecting the trade to be carried on with his majesty's enemies, was pleased to exempt from the restrictions of the said order, all vessels which shall have cleared out from any port or place m this kingdom, under such regulations as his majesty may think fit to prescribe, and shall be proceeding direct to the ports specified in the respective clearances : his majesty, taking into consideration the expediency of making such regulations, is pleased, by and with the advice of his privy council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that aU vessels belonging to countries not at war with his majesty, shall be permitted to lade, in any part of the United kingdom, any goods being the produce or manufacture of his majesty's dominions or East India goods, or prize goods, (all such goods having been lawfully imported) and to clear out with, and freely to convey the same to any port or place in any colony in the West Indies, or America, belong- ing to his majesty's enemies, such port or place not being in an actual state of blockade, subject to the payment of such duties as may at the time when any such vessels may be cleared out, be due by law on the exportation of any such goods, or in respect of the same being destined to the ports of the colonies belonging to his majesty's enemies ; and likewise to lade, clear out with, and convey as aforesaid, any articles of foreign produce or manufacture which shall haVe been lawfully imported into this kingdom, provided his majesty's license shall have been previously obtained for so conveying such foreign produce or manufactures. " And it is further ordered, that any vessel, bdonging as aforesaid, shall be permitted to lade in any port of the United kingdom any goods, not being naval or mihtary stores, which shall be of the growth, produce or manufacture of this kingdom, or which shall have been lawfiilly imported, (save and except foreign sugar, coffee, wine, brandy, snuff and cotton) and to clear out with, and freely to convey the same to any port, to be specified in the clearance, not being in a state their being known to tiie parties interested. They speak of course of neutrals generally, but as they are applicable only to America, I have named that country, as I shall continue to do throughout these observa- tions, that obscurity may be avoided." 72 Of the Commerce' of the United States. of actual blockade, although the same shall be under the restrictions of the said order, and likewise to lade, clear out and convey, foreign sugar, coffee, wine, brandy, snuff and cotton, which shall have been lawfiiUy imported, provided his majesty's license shall have been previously obtained for the exportation and conveyance thereof: And it is hereby further ordered, that no vessel shaU be permitted to clear out from any port or place in this kingdom, to any port or place of any country subjected to the restrictions of the said order, with any goods, which shall have been laden (after notice of the said order) on board the vessel which shall have imported the same into this kingdom, vsdthout having first duly entered and landed the same in some port or place in this kingdom : and that no vessel shaU be permited to clear out from any port or place in this king- dom to any port or place whatever, with any goods the produce or manufacture of any country subjected to the restrictions of the said order, which shall have been laden after notice as aforesaid, on board the vessel importing the same, without having so duly entered and landed the same ; or any goods whatever which shall have been laden, after such notice, in the vessel importing the same, in any port or place of any country subjected to the restrictions of the said order, without having so duly entered, and landed the same in some port or place in this kingdom, except the cargo shall consist wholly of flour, meal, grain, or any article or articles, the produce of the soil of some country which is not subjected to the restrictions of the said order, except cotton, and which shall have been im- ported in an unmanufactured state, direct from such country into this kingdom, in a vessel belonging to the country from which such goods have been brought, and in which the same were grown and produced." To the above an order was attached authorising clearances, from Guernsey. Jersey or Man, to any port or place tinder the restrictions of the order of the 1 ith instant. The articles must have been previously imported into those islands direct from the kingdom of Great Britain — articles not so imported could only be exported from them to some port or place in the kingdom of Great Britain. The Third Order, regulated the exportations from Gibraltar and Malta to enemies ports, not actually blockaded, by the governors gi-anting Ucenses for the same. The Fourth Order, was explanatory of that of the llth instant: it declared, that nothing in the said order contained, shall extend to subject to capture or confiscation any articles of the produce and manufacture of the said countries and colonies, laden on board British ships, which would not have been subject to capture and confiscation if such order had not been made. Two orders of the same date favourable to the ships and goods of the subjects Of the Commerce of the United States. 73 of Prussia and Lubeck, and to the ships and goods of the subjects of Portugal, were issued. 1808, January 8th. A rigorous blockade was declared to be established at the entrances of the ports of Carthagena, Cadiz and St. Lucar, and all the inter- mediate ports. 1808, March 28th. An act of Parliament was passed, to cause to be paid to his majesty, certain duties, upon all merchandise exported from Great Britain, under the regulations estabhshed by the Orders in Council of the 1 1th of November, 1807. Cotton wool to pay a duty of ninepence sterling per pound. 1808, April nth. Instructions, in which our citizens were encouraged to violate the embargo, were pubhshed by the British government. 1808, April i4th. By an act of Parliament the exportation of cotton wool from the United Kingdom, to foreign places, was prohibited until the end of the next session of parliament. On the same day another act making valid the provisions and regulations of the late Orders in Council, was passed. 1808, May 4th. Copenhagen and aU the other ports in the island of Zealand, were declared to be in a state of rigorous blockade. 1808, June 2Sd. An act of Parliament permitted to be Imported directly from the United States, into the ports of Great Britain, merchandise of American growth or manufacture in British or American vessels, subject to such duties only as were payable on the like commodities imported from other countries. 1808, October i4th. The Leeward French Carribean islands were declared to be in a state of blockade. 4809, April 2dth, The ports of Holland were declared to be in a state of blockade. 4809, May 24th. The blockade of Holland was for a time suspended in conse- quence of an arrangement concluded between the government of the United States, and Mr. Erskine, the British minister near the United States. ! I. French Hostile Orders and Decrees. 1793, May 9th. The National Convention authorized French vessels to arrest and bring into the ports of the repubUc, neutral vessels laden with provisions destined for an enemy's port, or laden vnth merchandise belonging to an enemy. The provisions were directed to be valued and paid for; the enemy's merchandise was declared to be good prize. 1793, May 2Sd. Thje vessels of the United States were exempted from tiie K t4 Of the Commerce of the United States. operation of the order of the 9th instant, in pursuance of the 16th Article of the Treaty of the 6th of February, 1778. 1793, May 28th. The Decree of the 23d instant was so far repealed, as to place in a state of provisional sequestration, the property seized under the Decree of the 9th instant, 1793, July ist. The Decree of the 23d of May last, was again enforced. 1793, July 21th. The Decree of the 23d of May last was repealed, and that of the 9th of May was again enforced. 1794, November iSth. The committee of pubUc safety decreed, that merchan- dise belonging to the enemy is hable "to seizure in neutral vessels until the enemy shall exempt from seizure French merchandise similarly situated. 1795, January Sd. The Decree of the istli of November, 1794, was repealed: enemy's property found on board neutral vessels was exempted from capture. 1796, July 2d. The Executive Directory decreed, that the French will treat neutral nations in the manner they suffer themselves to be treated by the English. 1797, March 2d. Enemy's property found on board neutral vessels was made liable to confiscation. A " role d'equipage" was made necessary ; every Ame- rican vessel, sailing without this list of the crew, in the form prescribed by the Treaty of the 6th of February, 1778, was declared to be a good prize. 1798, January iSth. The character of vessels was to be determined by that of their cargoes. Vessels at sea, having on board merchandise coming from British possessions, were declared to be good prize, whoever might be the owner of the merchandise. All vessels having entered an English port, were excluded from those of the French repubhc. 1799, October 29th. Every person, being a native of a power in amity with France, or of a neutral nation, holding a commission given by the enemies of France, or making part of the crew of any of their vessels, for that act alone was declared to be a pirate, and treated as such, without being allowed in any case to allege that he was forced by violence, menaces or otherwise. 1799, Mrvember i4th. The Decree of the 29th of October last, was suspended, and the time for its operation was to be determined by a subsequent Decree. 1800, December iSth. The consuls of the French republic repealed the order of the Executive Directory of the I8th of January, 1798, respecting the cha- racter of vessels, ^c. 1800, December i9th. The regulations adopted by an ordinance of the 26th of July, 1778, concerning the navigation of neutral vessels, were enforced, 2 Of the Commerce of the United States. 75 1806. The following Decree, was dated Imperial Camp, Berlin, November 2lst, 1806. « Napoleon, Emperor of the French, and King of Italy, considering: " 1. That England does not admit the right of nations, as universally acknow- leged by all civilized people : " 2. That she declares as an enemy every individual belonging to an enemy state; and in consequence makes prisoners of war, not only of the crews of armed vessels, but those also of merchant vessels, and even the supercargoes of the same: " 3. That she extends or appMes to merchant vessels, to articles of commerce, and to the property of individuals, the right of conquest, which can only be applied or extended to what belongs to an enemy state. " 4. That she extends to ports not fortified, to harbours and mouths of rivers, the right of blockade, which, according to reason and the usage of civilized nations, is applicable only to strong or fortified ports: " 5. That she declares places blockaded before which she has not a single vessel of war ; although a place ought not to be considered blockaded, but when it is so invested as that no approach to it can be made without imminent hazard : that she declares even places blockaded which her united forces would be in- capable of doing, such as entire coasts, and a whole empire : " 6. That this unequalled abuse of the right of blockade has no other object than to interrupt the communication of different nations, and to extend the com- merce and industry of England upon the ruin of those of the continent: " 7. That this being the evident design of England, whoever deals on the con- tinent in English merchandise, favours that design, and becomes an accomplice : " 8. That this conduct in England (worthy only of the first ages of barbarism) has benefited her to the detriment of other nations : " 9. That it being right to oppose to an enemy the same arms she makes use of to combat as she does, when all ideas of justice, and every liberal sentiment (the result of civilization among men) are disregarded: " We have resolved to enforce against England the usages which she has con- secrated in her maritime code. " The present Decree shall be considered as the fundamental law of the em- pire, until England has acknowleged that the rights of war are the same on land as at sea ; that it cannot be extended to any private property whatever, nor to persons who are not military, and until the right of blockading be restrained to fortified places actually invested by competent forces. 76 Of the Commerce of the United States. "Article l. The British islands are in a state of blockade. " 2. All commerce and correspondence with them is prohibited. Consequently aU letters or packets, written in England, or to an Englishman, written in the English language, shall not be dispatched from the post offices, and shall be seized. " 3. Every individual, a subject of Great Britain, of whatever rank or condition, who is found in countries occupied by our troops or those of our allies, shall be made prisoner of war. " 4. Every warehouse, aU merchandise or property whatever, belonging to an Englishman, are declared good prize. " 5. One half of the proceeds of merchandise declared to be good prize, and forfeited as in the preceding articles, shaU go to indemnify merchants who have suffered losses by the English cruisers. " 6. No vessel coming directly from England, or her colonies, or having been there since the publication of this Decree, shall be admitted into any port. " 7. Every vessel, that by a false declaration, contravenes the foregoing dispo- sition, shall be seized, and the ship and cargo confiscated as English property." 8. This article states, that the councils of prizes at Paris and at MUan shall have cognizance of what may arise in the empire and in Italy under the present article. " 9. Communications of this Decree shall be made to the kings of Spain, Na- ples, HoUand, Etruria, and to our other allies, whose subjects, as well as ours, are victims of the injuries and barbarity of the English maritime code. "10. Our ministers of foreign relations, ^c. are charged with the execution of the present Decree." 1807, December ilth. The following Rejoinder to his Britannic Majesty's Order in Council, of the nth of November, 1807, was dated " at our Royal Palace at Milan, December I7th, 1807," viz: " Napoleon, emperor of the French, king of Italy, and protector of the Rhenish confederation: "Observing the measures adopted by the British government, on the nth of November last, by which vessels belonging to neutral, fi-iendly, or even powers the allies of England, are made liable, not only to be searched by English cruisers, but to be compulsorily detained in England, and to have a tax laid on them of so much per cent, on the cargo, to be regulated by the British legislature. " Observing that by these acts, the British government denationalizes ships of every nation in Europe ; that it is not competent for any government to detract Of the Commerce of the United States. 77 from its own independence and rights, all the sovereigns in Europe having in trust the sovereignties and independence of the flag; that if by unpardonable weakness, and which m the eyes of posterity would be an indelible stain, if such a tyranny was allowed to be established into principles, and consecrated by usage, the English would avail themselves of it to assert it as a right, as they have availed themselves of the tolerance of governments to estabUsh the infa- mous principles, that the flag of a nation does not cover goods, and to give to their right of blockade an arbitrary extension, which infringes on the sovereignty of every state ; we have decreed and do decree as follows : " 1. Every ship, to whatever nation it may belong, that shall have submitted to be searched by an English ship, or to a voyage to England, or shall have paid any tax whatsoever to the English government, is thereby, and for that alone, declared to be denationalized, to have forfeited the protection of its long, and to have become English property. « 2. Whether the ships thus denationalized by the arbitrary measures of the English government, enter into our ports, or those of our allies, or whether they fall into the hands of our ships of war, or of our privateers, they are declared to be good and lawful prize. « 3. The British islands are declared to be Lq a state of blockade, both by land and sea. Every ship of whatever nation, or whatsoever the nature of its cargo may be, that sails from the ports of England, or those of the English colonies, and of the countries occupied by EngUsh troops, and proceeding to England, or to the English colonies, or to countries occupied by English troops, is good and lawful prize, as contrary to the present Decree ; and may be captured by our ships of war, or our privateers, and adjudged to the captor. " 4. These measures, which are resorted to only in just retaliation of the barbarous system adopted by England, which assimilates its legislation to that of Algiers, shall cease to have any effect with respect to all nations who shall have the firmness to compel the English government to respect their flag. They shall continue to be rigorously in force as long as that government does not return to the principle of the law of nations which regulates the relations of civilized states in a state of war. The provisions of the present Decree shall be abrogated and null in fact, as soon as the English abide again by the principles of the law of nations, which are also the principles of justice and honour. " All our ministers are charged with the execution of the present Decree, which shall be inserted in the bulletin of the laws." 78 Of the Commerce of the United States. 1808, April ilth. By a Decree, dated at Bayonne, all American vessels then in the ports of France and such as should come in thereafter, were ordered to be seized. An explanatory note of the 25th of April, 1808, addressed to the American minister, at Paris, stated, that the Decree of the 17th instant directed the seizure of vessels coming into the ports of France after its own date, because no vessel of the United States could then navigate the seas without infracting a law of the said states,^^') and thus furnishing a presumption that they do so on British account, or in British connexion. 1810, March 2Sd. A Decree, dated at RambouiUet, was issued by the govern- ment of France. All vessels, that sailed under the flag of the United States^ or such as were owned in whole or in part by any citizen thereof, which, from the 20th of March, 1809, had entered, or should thereafter enter the ports of the French empire, or those of their colonies, or of the countries oc- cupied by the French, were directed to be seized and sold; and the proceeds of the sales were deposited in the " caisse d'amortissment." The Decree aforesaid was declared to be the consequence of the act of Congress, of the 1st of March, 1809, prohibiting the entrance of the ports. harbours and rivers of the United States, to all French vessels. III. Hostile Decrees of the French Agents in the West Indies. 1797, August ist. Horses were declared to be contraband of war. 1797, February ist. Neutral vessels bound to the windward and leeward islands of America, viz. Martinique, St. Lucie, Tobago, Demerara, Berbice, Essequibo, Port au Prince, Saint Marcs, I'Archaye and Jeremie, were authorized to be captured. — These islands were then in the possession of the British, or they were defended by emigrants. 1797, Koroember 21th. American vessels going to or coming fi-om British ports, were authorized to be captured. 1805, February 5th. All persons, found on board vessels bound to or coming from any of the ports in Hispaniola, or such poils as were in the possession of the rebels, were to suffer death. IV. Spanish Decrees, &c. 1800, February i5th. Gibraltar was declared to be in a state of blockade. (21) The Embargo Act, passed 22d December, 1807. Ofth€ Population of the United States. 79 1807, February I9th. A decree, in imitation of that dated at Berlin, in 1806, was published. 1808, January Bd. A decree, in imitation of that dated at Milan, in 1807, was published. Under the authority of the hostile orders and decrees recited, our ships, with their rich cargoes, were swept from the ocean, and carried into the ports of the belligerents. Their condemnation, as good prize to the captors, commonly followed ; they were seldom released and permitted to proceed to their origi- nal destination. Valuable cargoes perished, and were sacrificed on account of the sale not being in the proper market; in all the cases the consequences of irregular markets attended these transactions, besides which, the captured had to pay enormous costs of suit; and many of the adventures proved ruinous to the shippers. Our catalogue of the captures above mentioned, for the want of materials, is very limited and short of the whole number. " It was stated in the House of Peers, that six hundred American vessels were seized, or detamed in British ports, between the 6th of November, 1793, and the 28th of March, 1794!"(22) The following list was compiled from a report of the Secretary of State, laid before Congress, on the 6th of July, 1812. I. Of the Captures made by the British. In 1803 there were captured 20 vessels. 1804 ,39 1805 116 1806 . . , 131 1807 194 To which are added as estimated 28 Total captured antecedent to the Orders in Council of November 11th, 1807 } In 1807 there were captured subsequent to the said Orders in Council 62 vesselsi 1808 108 1809 45 1810 55 (22) Macpherson, loc. citat. vol. iv. p. 285. 80 Of the Commerce of the United States. In 1811 "79 1812 24 Captures made at a period not precisely known . . . . 16 Total captures subsequent to the Orders in Council . . 389 Grand total of British captures from 1803 to 1812 . . .917 II. Of the Captures made by the French. In 1803 there were captured 17 vessels. 1804 90 1805 64 1806 23 In 1803, 1804, 1805, or 1806, the period not precisely ascertained f2 Total captures made prior to the Berlin and Milan Decrees . 206 Ditto during the operation of these Decrees . . . 307 513 Captures made since the revocation of the above Decrees, viz. In 1810 6 1811 29 1812 7 1810, 1811, or 1812 3 Total captures made since the revocation of the Decrees! above mentioned j Grand total of the captures made by the French . . . .558 III. The Captures and Seizures by the Neapolitans, Amounted to . . ^ . . . 47 IV. The Cases of Capture pending in the Danish Tribunals, On the 30th of May, 1811, amounted to 26 The vessels captured by the Danes, in 1811, amounted to . . 44 Total captured, seized and detained by the Danes 70 Of the Commerce of the United States. 81 For the want of information, the captures made by Spain could not be reported. Recapitulation, viz. Captures by the British 917 Ditto . . . French 558 Ditto . . . Neapolitans 47 Ditto . . . Danes 70 Grand total 1,592 vessels. Of the vessels captured by the British, antecedent to the Orders in Council, 243 were condemned, 150 acquitted, and 88 released; of those made subsequently thereto, 200 were condemned, 191 acquitted, and 93 released or restored; the trial of 102 vessels, was pending and appeals made. Of the vessels captured by the French, antecedent to the Berlin and Milan Decrees, 174 were condemned and burnt, 4 acquitted and compromised, and 21 released; of those made during the operation of the decrees, 209 were con- demned and burnt, 33 acquitted and compromised, and 88 released; of those made after the revocation of the decrees, 28 were condemned and bm-nt, 10 acquitted and compromised, and 11 released; of 30 vessels of every description the result had not been ascertained. Of the vessels captured by the Neapolitans, 41 were confiscated and con- demned, 2 restored, and 4 not accounted for. Of the vessels captured by the Danes subsequent to the 30th of May, 1811, 8 were condemned, and 36 acquitted; of those made to the 30th of May, 1811, whose cases were pending in the tribunals, 12 were condemned, and 14 acquitted. The above account presents a faint view of the distressed condition of our foreign commerce, at a time when we were said to be at peace with aU nations ; when our merchant vessels were not permitted to be armed, and reprisals were unauthorized. (23) (23) The following account of captures made by our forces during the war with Great Britain, was taken from Niles's Weekly Register, for 12th of August, 1815; it is there stated, that " the number of vessels captured and satisfactorily accounted for, during a war of two years and eight months, is 1,634. The ves- sels captured which arrived safely in port, were divested or destroyed at sea, including a few ransomed, I estimate at no less than 1,750, and the whole amount captured at 2,500, allowing 750 to have been recap- tured." The foregoing statements were the result of much investigation ; our author says, that he read L '82 Of the Commerce of the United States. The commerce of the United States was again resumed in 1809; the export trade dm'ing that and the following years, was of greater value, as it related to the domestic products exported, than was the annual value of that branch of our commerce, calculated on the average of the ten years from 1802 to 1812, both inclusive. During the fiscal^^*^ year 1811, which included nine months of the ca- lendar year, more than three of which were subsequent to the declaration of the war against the United Kingdom of Great Britain, our export trade was again depressed; and during the continuance of the war in 1812, 1813 and 1814, it was further diminished; but in the fiscal year of 1814, which included nine months of the calendar year of 1815, and more than seven months of the peace, made by the Treaty of Ghent, the value of our export trade was again very much augmented, and surpassed the annual value of that, calculated on the average of the ten years above specified. The following Statement shows the annual value of the domestic articles ex- ported from the United States, for several periods, each consisting of five years; the result is founded on the average of the five years, which constitute each of the periods. From 1795 to 1799 bolii inclusive. From 1800 to 1804 both inclusive. From 1805 to 1809 both inclusive. From 1810 to 1814 both inclusive. Dollars. 32,822,965 Dollars. 42,048,366 Dollai-5. 34,631,848 Dollars. 30,618,196 In the period, from 1800 to 1804, the annual increase of the monied amount of the domestic exports from the United States, was more than 33| per centum more than that of the period of 1795 to 1799; from 1805 to 1809, the amount was diminished, equal to 20 per centum of that of the' preceding period, and only amounted to one-sixth more than that of the fii'st period exhibited in the statement; from 1810 to 1814 there was a further diminution, of more than 12 per centum of their amount in the period immediately preceding; and they fell to one-sixteenth below the value of the first period of the statement : the several variations may be readily explained, by a reference to " the journal of every vessel that was published, and examined in the course of the war, not less than ten and perhaps twelve thousand columns of ship news," to make up the list of prizes, and collect the facts that belonged to the war on the ocean. (24) The fiscal or revenue year, in the United States, commences on the 1st day of Octoher, and termi- nates on the 30th day of September of the succeeding year. 2 Of the Cormnerce of the United States. 83 the circumstances, occasioned by the orders and restrictions which we have al- ready noticed. SECTION II. OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES.C^*) The domestic exports of the United States, consist principally of such articles as are necessary for the subsistence of man, and the raw materials adapted to the manufacturing nations in Europe. It is fallacious to estimate the commercial prosperity of a nation by the monied value of the exports; iniin has often followed an enormous export trade; for proofs, we need only refer to the embarrassments and bankruptcies, which oc- curred in Great Britain, after they had shipped many valuable cargoes to Spanish and Portuguese America ; many of our citizens continue to smart under the sacrifices which followed their Ul advised operations in the north of Europe, during the continuance of the French continental system. The quantities of the articles exported, mil be a more accurate test of the capacity and industry of our population, than can be had from their estimated money value; the same articles, in different years, have varied more than 25 per centum in theu^ value.C^^) The accounts of the quantities of the merchandise exported, are made up from the entries of the exporters, returned quarterly, to the Treasury Department, by the collectors of the several ports. To the returns, the collectors affix the prices at the ports respectively, and the Treasury valua- tions are made from the average of the prices, stated for the prmcipal ports in the United States. Our experience does not furnish the evidence, that our exporting capacity, as (25) The returns of the merchandise exported, only relate to the shipments to foreign countries ; our Custom houses do not notice the merchandise transported coast-wdse. (26) In 1809, flour was valued at 6 dollars per barrel, and in 1813 at 11 dollars; in 1809, wheat at 1.25 per bushel, and in 1813 at 1.75; in 1807, tobacco at 88 dollars per hhd. and in 1810 at 60 dollars; in 1803, Sea Island cotton at 20 cents per lb.; in 1806 at 30 cents, and in 1816 at 47 cents. In 1806, upland cotton at 22 cents per lb.; in 1812 at 9 cents, and in 1816 at 27 cents. In 1817, Sea Island cotton was valued at 40 cents, and the upland at 25 cents per lb. 84 Of the Commerce of the United States. it respects the staples of the United States, acquired a regular annual augmen- tation; the increase of our domestic exports was not in proportion to the aug- mentation of our population. We were in some degree prepared to learn, that our domestic products, for exportation, had not increased in quantity, in the ratio of the increase of our population ; because nations, as they grow rich, also lessen their industry, consume and waste more. A Statement showing the quantities of the enumerated articles, annually ex- ported from the United States during the specified periods of five years. The exports in 1790 are the basis for comparison, and are also included in the second column ; the results for the several periods, are the annual average of the five years composing each period. a ^ ^■* :^c; .s^-*' ■^Oi J^ .n a Oi 03 Oi ?<3 is is "SB^ ii S 00 §5 is j3 MERCHANDISE EXPORTED. o o •S2 o o ^ la Ss %s . |a o B. Oi o p-3 puo S-S B. ^ ^'^ X J- !•§ a* Ashes, Pot, tons 3,083 3,983 4,627 4,073 5,002 2,702 8,348 Pearl, do. 3,197 2,505 2,024 1,598 2,222 757 2,191 Beef, barrels 62,371 81,148 50,024 93,042 59,596 39,214 37,889 Cotton, lbs. (27) (27) (27) (2T) (27) (27) (27) Flour, barrels 619,681 806,911 596,140 1,031,615 788,205 1,039,092 1,479,198 Fish, dried quintals 383,237 388,137 403,225 479,229 358,728 115,512 267,514 pickled barrels 57,424 48,790 67,019 76,967 46,089 25,247 44,426 Flaxseed, bushels 409,444 363,930 268,896 277,923 236,268 220,115 222,594 Indian Corn, do. 1,713,241 1,614,005 1,018,305 1,661,085 554,843 1,451,920 387,454 Pork, barrels 26,635 51,746 50,971 83,015 34,977 18,093 14,462 Rice, tierces 73,329 108,651 107,810 78,348 90,959 91,622 79,296 Tobacco, hogsheads 101,272 83,531 74,100 84,453 58,619 31,140 62,365 Tar, barrels 51,044 53,618 52,712 62,980 71,234 58,573 37,120 Pitch, do. 3,818 11,468 7,145 6,158 5,333 6,228 8,378 Rosin, do. 228 7,795 9,802 5,032 5,714 7,252 8,038 Turpentine, do. 58,107 43,195 43,696 61,766 57,098 46,648 73,484 Wheat, bushels 1,018,339 832,149 15,362 270,358 548,576 115,365 96,407 In 1790, our commerce was free and unshackled; it did not suffer under the orders of foreign governments, and our exports were then made under ordi- (27) In 1789, a member from South Carolina stated, in the House of Representatives of the United States, that the people of the southern states intended to cultivate cotton; and added " if good setd could be procured he hoped they might succeed." Debates of Congress, vol. i. p. 79. Prior to 1802 tiie cotton wool exported from the United States was blended with that of other countries; no discrimination was made of its origin. On the average of the five years, from 1802 to 1806, that of American growth, annually ex- ported, amounted to 42,147,653 lbs.; from 1807 to 1811, the annual exportation was 49,165,553 lbs., and in 1817, 85,649,328 lbs. In 1814, there was 97.67 per centum more of American cotton wool exported, than in 1802. Of the Commerce of the United States. 85 nary circumstances. The trade, from 1800 to 1804, was in a very favourable situation ; but few of our vessels were captured. By a comparison, of that period, with 1790, we annually exported of Pot-ash . . 32.11 per centum more thai a we d lid in 1790 Pearl-ash . 50.01 do. less .... - do. Beef . . . 32.96 do. more . do. Flour . . .66.47 do. do. . . do. Fish, dried . 25.04 do. do. . . do. Do. pickled 34.03 do. do. . . do. Flaxseed . . 32.12 do. do. . . do. Indian corn . 3.04 do. less . . do. Pork ". . 211.67 do. more do. Rice . . . 6.84 do. do. . do. Tobacco . 16.67 do. less . do. Tar . . 23.38 do. more do. Pitch . . 61.28 do. do. . do. Rosin . 2,107.01 do. do. . do. Turpentine . 6.29 do. do. . do. Wheat. . . 73.45 do. less . do. Although the average annual result for the period consisting of tlie five years, from 1800 to 1804, exhibits the quantities of some of the articles greater than they were in 1790, an examination of the detailed returns of the exports, for those years, will show that the quantities, dming some of those years, had beeii diminished. The principal exports from the several states, are as foUows, viz. from New-Hampshire. Lumber, ship timber, whale oil, flaxseed, live stock, beef pork, Indian corn, pot and pearl ashes, dried and pickled fish. Massachusetts. Pot and pearl ashes, staves, flaxseed, bees wax, masts, provi- sions, beef, pork, dried and pickled fish, whale and spermaceti oUs, whalebone, lumber, candles, shoes, nails, barley, hops, butter and cheese. Rhode Island. The same as from Massachusetts, except pot and pearl ashes ^ m addition large quantities of cotton and linen manufactures. Connecticut. The same as Massachusetts, except pot and pearl ashes; in addi- tion mules, oxen and cider. Vermont. Pot and pearl ashes, pork, beef, wheat flour, grain, butter, cheese, lumber and horses. 86 Of the Commerce of the United States. Kew-York. Wheat, most kinds of grain, flour, pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, and flaxseed. Kew-Jersey. Beef, pork, flour, Indian corn, cider and leather. Pennsylvania. All kinds of grain, wheat, flour, Indian corn, flaxseed, various manufactures. Delaware. Indian com, wheat, flour and lumber. Maryland. Wheat, flour, grain, Indian corn, tobacco, pork, flaxseed and pig iron. Virginia. Tobacco, wheat, flour, Indian com, beef, pork and coals. North Carolina. Indian corn, wheat, tobacco, lumber, spars, tar, pitch, rosin, turpentine, bees and myrtle wax, pork, cotton and rice. South Carolina. Cotton, rice, tobacco, Indian com, lumber, tar, pitch, turpen- tine, rosin, timber and indigo. Georgia. Cotton, rice, tobacco, uidigo, timber, naval stores, Indian corn and deer-skins. Kentucky. Indian corn, wheat, flax, hemp, tobacco, pork, whiskey and rope yarns. Tennessee. Horses, cattle, beef, ginseng, cotton, flax, hemp, pork, flour, deer- skins, lumber and tobacco. Ohio. Flour, provisions, flax, hemp, tobacco and cattle. Louisiana. Cotton, sugar,^^*) tobacco, rice and Indian com. The domestic productions of the United States, exported during the ten years, commencing on the 1st day of October, 1802, and ending on the 30th of Sep- tember, 1812, in the aggregate, were estimated at . . . 374,545,834 DoUs. The foreign merchandise re-exported during the above period 305,635,639 Making the value of the exports, of eveiy description 680,181,473 Or, the annual value of the domestic exports, from the United States, calculated on the average of the ten years, amounted to 37,454,583 The annual value of the foreign merchandise re-export- ed, amounted to 30,563,563 And the annual value of the exports of every descrip- tion to 68,018,147 (28) In 1815, the sugar made on the banks of the Mississippi river alone, was estimated at 10,000,000 lbs. Brackenridge's account of Louisiana, in Jolinson's edition of Guthrie's Geography. Of the Commerce of the United States. 87 The following Statement exhibits the domestic exports from the United States, together with the several sources whence they were obtained, during the ten years above mentioned. Total value ex- ported during the 10 years. Annual value ex- ported, calculat- ed on the ave- rage of the 10 years. Proportion of the value of each class, to the to- tal value of the domes- tic products exported. Of the produce of the Sea, of the Forest, of Agriculture, of Manufactures, Dollars. 21,243,423 44,049,466 278,750,262 20,960,000 Dollars. 2,124,342 4,404,946 27,875,026 2,096,000 5.59 per centum. 11.59 do. 73.36 do. 5.51 do. In 1790, the total value of the exports, was in the proportion of 4.84 dollars for each inhabitant. In 1800, the domestic produce exported amounted to 8.92 doUars, the foreign merchandise re-exported to 8.76 doUars, and the exports of every de- scription to 17.68 doUars for each inhabitant. In 1810, the domestic exports amoimted to 6.25 dollars, the foreign mer- chandise re-exported to 2.21 dollars, and the exports of every description to 8.46 doUars for each of the inhabitants of the United States. During* the year, which commenced on the 1st of October, 1806, and ter- minated on the 30th of September, 1807, the export trade arrived at the maximum, viz. 108,343,150 dollars; if we admit that the population then amounted to 6,300,000 persons, the domestic exports were in the proportion of 7.73 dollars, the foreign merchandise re-exported 9.46 dollars, and the ex- ports of every description 17.19 dollars for each inhabitant 88 Of the Commerce of the United States. Thefollomlng Statement shows the average annual value of the Domestic Products; of the Foreign Merchan- dise re-exported, and of tJie Merchandise of every description exported from each of the United States s also the proportion of each kind of Merchandise exported from each state respectively, compared with the total amount thereof e-xported from the United States. The results are founded on calculations for the ten years, from 1802 to 1812.(29) DOMESTIC PRODUCE. FOREIGN MERCHANDISE. MERCHANDISE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Proportion of the an- Proportion of the an- Proportion of the an- STATES. Amount an- nual value export- Amount an- nual value export- Amount an- nual value export- nually ex- ed to the total an- nually ex- ed, to the total an- nually ex- ed, to the total aa- ported. nual value exported from all the states. ported. nual value expoi*ted from all the states. ported. nual value exported from all the states. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. New-Hampshire 312,225 0.83 pe r centum 139,072 0.45 per centum 451,297 0.66 per centum Veiinont 185,246 0.49 do. 45,110 0.14 do. 230,357 0.33 do. Massachusetts 5,347,764 14.28 do. 8,103,476 26.51 do. 13,451,241 19.77 do. Rhode Island 756,157 2.01 do. 695,574 2.27 do. 1,451,732 2.13 do. Connecticut 1,065,148 2,84 do. 49,948 0.16 do. 1,115,096, 1.63 do. New-York 7,822,746 23.55 do. 7,693,404 25.17 do. 15,516,150 22.81 do. New-Jersey 80,981 0.21 do. 10,842 0.03 do. 91,823 0.13 do. Pennsylvania 4,155,151 11.09 do. 6,479,588 21.20 do. 10,634,740 15.63 do. Delaware 97,030 0.26 do. 172,850 0.56 do. 269,880 0.39 do. Maryland 3,385,378 9.03 do. 4,867,300 15.92 do. 8,252,678, 12.13 do. Virginia 4,101,923 10.95 do. 256,135 0.83 do. 4,358,058 6.40 do. North Carolina 626,488 1.67 do. 6,235 0.02 do. 632,723 0.93 do. South Carolina 4,771,258 12.74 do. 1,437,348 4.70 do. 6,208,606 9.12 do. Georgia 1,745,889 4.66 do. 19,299 0.06 do. 1,765,189 2.57 do. Ohio 11,875 0.03 do. 11,875 0.01 do. For the want of data, Louisiana is omitted in the preceding statement. The states of Kentucky and Tennessee are not noticed as exporting states, because their surplus products are exported from New-Orleans. In the first five months of 1812, produce valued at two millions of doUars,^^") had been received at New- Orleans, from the upper country, which consisted principally of flour, cotton, bacon, lead, whiskey, pork, Indian com, tobacco and rope yarns ; most of these articles were the growth of Kentucky and Tennessee. We must not suppose, that the productions reported by the custom houses, as the exports of any one state, are exclusively of the growth, produce or manu- facture of the state for which they are returned, Tlie intercourse and exchanges, amongst the several states, are so constant, as to make it very difficult to ascer- tain, with accuracy, the origin of the merchandise exported. In a national view, (29) The annual value of the exports from Great Britain, calculated on the average of the nine years from 1766 to 1774, amounted to ^16,000,000 sterling, or 70,000,000 of dollars, only 2,381,853 dollars more than that of the exports from the United States, calculated on the average of the ten years, from 1802 fo 1812. (30) Brackenridge, loc. citat. Of the Commerce of the United States. 89 such a discrimination is not material, however gratifying it might be, to the most productive states, to ascertain the extent of their surplus industry. The produce of Kentucky has been transported, over land, to Baltimore and Philadelphiaj whence it was exported to foreign countries; the productions of New-Jersey, are usually shipped for foreign markets, in the ports of New- York and Pennsyl- vania; whilst those of the southern states swell the export lists of all the middle, northern and eastern states/^') This intercourse is essential to the people of the eastern states, where the labour of the agriculturaUst has to contend against the difficulties of soil and climate ; in these states many of the inhabitants abandon the land to vex the ocean, and occupy their tonnage for the transportation of the valuable productions of the southern states, to foreign countries. In 1809, the articles of American growth, exported from the ports of Boston and Charlestown, in Massachusetts, were estimated at 4,009,029 dollars; of this amount the rice, cotton, flour, tobacco, staves and naval stores exported, (none of them the pro- duce of Massachusetts,) amounted to more than one half of the value of the merchandise exported from the ports aforesaid. In 1810 and 1811, the follow- ing merchandise of American growth, not the produce of Massachusetts, was exported from the port of Boston, viz : MERCHANDISE. 1810. 1811. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Tar, barrels Pitch, do. Rosin, do. Turpentine, do. Flour, do. Rice, tierces Cotton, Sea Island, pounds Do. Upland do. Tobacco, hogsheads 13,471 2,105 1,349 4,773 56,190 10,677 13,785 5,376,227 2,459 Dollars. 36,966 8,527 5,402 19,189 542,041 214,718 4,034 907,207 169,250 14,037 3,081 1,535 4,602 68,584 5,382 9,540 1,476,537 2,850 Dollais. 42,111 11,850 5,334 14,239 685,840 110,500 2,671 223,899 185,285 1,907,334 1,281,729 The total value of the domestic produce exported, in 1810, from the port of Boston, amounted to 3,589,680 dollars, Of which sum, the articles of American growth, not the pro- duce of Massachusetts, were estimated at 1,907,334 Leaving 1,682,346 dollars, (31) It rarely happens, that the productions of the northern states, after they have been carried to the southern, are exported to foreign countries. M 90 Of the Commerce of the United States. for the value of other American productions exported in 1810, from the port aforesaid; from that amount, we may further subtract 221,349 dollars, for 10,782 barrels of bread; 1,553,000 staves; 13,851 pounds of sugar; 5,842 pounds of indigo; 123,051 bushels of Indian com, exclusively the productions of other states, which win leave 1,460,997 dollars for the value of the produce of Massa- chusetts exported; and is much less than one half of the amount of the domestic articles exported from the port of Boston in 1810. In 1811, the articles of American growth, exported from Boston, amounted to 3,047,641 dollars, Of which the articles not the produce of the state of Mas- sachusetts, were estimated at 1,281,729 Leaving 1,765,912 dollars, for the remaining American productions exported; from which maybe deducted for the staves, Indian corn, bread, indigo, ^c. the sum of 277,270 doUars, which wiU leave only 1,488,642 doUars, for the merchandise, exclusively the produce of Massachusetts ; and is less than one half the value of the domestic productions exported from Boston in 1811. The value of the tar, pitch, rosin, turpentine, flom-, rice, cotton and tobacco, exported from Boston, in 1810, amounted to 53.13 per centum of the total value of the domestic produce thence exported; and in 1811, the same articles amounted to 42.05 per centum of said produce, exported as aforesaid. Other states afford similar results; in 1810, the domestic produce exported from the port of Philadelphia, was estimated at ... . 4,804,906 dollai-s. The cotton, tar, pitch, rosin, tui-pentine, rice and tobacco, none of them the productions of Pennsylvania, were valued at 1,277,023 Leaving 3,527,883 dollars, for the value of the remaining American productions; or, the merchandise last enumerated, constituted 26.55 per centum of the total value of the American produce, exported from PhDadelphia, in 1810. In 1811, the domestic produce exported from Philadelphia, amounted to 6,020,754 dollars, Of this sum, the merchandise enumerated, amounted to . . 707,472 Leaving 5,313,282 dollars, for the remaining American produce so exported ; or the enumerated merchandise amounted to 1 1.75 per centum of the total value of the domestic produce exported. After we pass the state of Virginia, m a south direction, the exports, from the states respectively, consist in a greater proportion of the productions Of the Commerce of the United States. 91 of the state, from whose ports they are transported to the other states and to foreign countries. We should not confound the commercial capacity of a state, with its navigating or carrying faculty. Commerce rests upon surplus produc- tion ; transportation is mechanical, and may be equally well perforaied by one nation as another; for example, the people of Great Britain cannot grow cotton wool, ,though they may carry that which is the produce of other countries. The commercial and navigating occupations of nations, are regulated by the cli- mate, soil, habits, industry of the population, and the geographical position of the comitry. The southern are the most productive, i. e. the most conuner- cial, and the least navigating of the Atlantic states ; on the contrary, the eastern or the New-England states, are the most navigating, and the least commercial of the said states. If we adopt any general rule on this subject, it must be, that the commerce of the individual states, on the Atlantic coast, is in the inverse ratio of their tonnage. The state of South Carolina, according to the annual returns from the Trea- sury Department, ranks as the third in a list of the states, founded on t^he amount of their domestic exports ; whereas, from her productive capacity, she is enti- tled to be at the head of the list of the commercial states. From the 1st of Januaiy, to the 3 1st of December, 1815, there was exported from Charleston, (S. C.) 5,595,973 lbs. of Sea Island, and 20,733,673 lbs. of upland cotton, and 92,749 bbls. of rice, estimated at 7,863,328 dollars ; all the other produce exported from that port, was valued at only 385,471 dollars; making an aggi'e- gate of 8,248,799 doUars.C^^) The population of the southern states is almost exclusively engaged in agri- cultural pursuits ; that of the middle states partakes of a mixed character ; thefr productions are less valuable than those of the south, and a navigating faculty is more apparent ; as we proceed east and north, from New- York, navigation becomes more general, whilst the power of production is diminished. A view of the map of the United States, wiU demonstrate, why the states of Ohio, Ken- tucky, and Tennessee, make the city of New-Orleans their entrepot; why the productions of North Carolina pass through the ports of Virginia, and why New-Jersey tends to swell the catalogues of the exports from Philadelphia and New-York ; — it is the course of our rivers, which in a gi^eat degree determines the extent of the export trade of the several states. (32) The reader must not confound the above amount with that returned for the fiscal year, wliich com- menced on the 1st of October, 1814, and ended on the 30th of September, 1815. 92 Of the Commerce of the United States. In 1790, we exported 73,329 tierces of rice; in 1791, this article Was at the maximum, and 141,762 tierces of it were then exported. In 1790, 619,681 barrels of flom' were exported; in 1817, it was at the maximum, and amounted to 1,479,198 barrels. In 1790, 1,018,339 bushels of wheat were exported; in 1792, when at the maximum, 1,450,875 bushels were exported. In 1790, 101,272 hogsheads of tobacco were exported; in 1791, when at the maximum, 112,428 hhds. were exported. In 1790, the growth of American cotton wool was problematical. The extent lo which the production of tliis raw material has been subsequently carried, enriched the nation, and very much contributed to lessen the demand for slaves. Prior to 1790, the Dutch settlements in Surinam, and other parts of the West Indies, were considered as the countries, from which the manufactories in the United States might be supplied with cotton wool. In 1791, the first parcel of cotton, of American growth, was exported from the United States, and amounted only to 19,200 lbs.! The cotton wool of the growth of the United States, exported in 1809-10, amounted to 93,361,462 lbs.; besides, in that year, it has been estimated that 16,000,000 lbs. were consumed in our manufactories. Calculated on the average of the six years, from 1806 to 1811, there was an- nually imported into Great Britam from the United States, 34,568,487 Ibs.^^^) and in 1811, 46,872,452 lbs. Calculated on the average of the five years, fi-om 1805 to 1809, there was annually imported into Great Britain from all parts of the world, 69,181,885 Ibs.^^*) In 1755, the cotton manufacture, in England, was ranked " amongst the humblest of the domestic ails;" the products of this liranch, were then almost entkely for home consumption: In 1797, it took the lead of all the other manufactures in Great Britain, and in 1809, gave employ- ment to 800,000 persons, and its annual value was estimated at ^30,000,000 sterling, or 132,000,000 of dollars! (33) Naval Chronicle, for 1811, p. 281. (34) Monthly Magazine, vol. xxx. p. 115. In 1705, only 1,170,881 lbs. of cotton wool were imported into England! In 1810, Sir Robert Peel stated, in the House of Commons, that 135,000,000 lbs. had been im- ported, during that year! The following is the Official Statement of the Importations of Cotton Wool into Great Britain in and between the years 1802 and 1816, viz. American East India Other sorts 1802. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 1807. 1808. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 107,494 74,720 s.srs 00,634 100,831 7— Bran and shorts do. — . , 108 — — Bricks number 870,550 737,764 743,900 683,070 493,080 Boats do. 8 99 88 73 32 Boots pairs — 482 513 1,167 6,111 Boot-legs do. ~— 17 — — Beer, cider, and porter gallons 442 44,562 93,386 137,631 83,071 Do. do. dozens — 1,029 1,063 776 417 Do. do. barrels 472 1,694 — - — Brimstone pounds — 3,280 9,025 — — Blacking or lampblack Bellows for smiths do. — 8,518 3,842 100 hhds. & 70 lbs. 117 hhds. & 710 pkges. number — 4 1 1 _ ^ Cotton pounds 2,027 bales , 1,89,3 Ifi 138,328 2,438 bags 7,222 bags Cables and cordage GWt. v) ' 3,533 — — _ Chalk do. — 10 tons 345 16 tons 5 tons ^ rwax boxes 5,274 lbs. 185 199 48 76 1 1 Myrtle do. 249 do. 348 158 18 103 g1 Tallow do. 149,680 do. 2,745 3,997 9,857 20,381 ^ ^Spermaceti do. 70,379 do. 4,560 3,938 5,874 5,162 Cordage cwt. 5,739 dolls. — 4,517 469 tons 89| tons Coal bushels — 3,788 13,023 14,719 2,397 Cranberries do. — 720 185 166 97 Corks groce _ 300 12 — - 665 Cards, wool, and cotton pairs — 25 doz. 72 34 doz. 113 doz. Do. playing packs hhds. — — 1,000 — — rCoffee — — — 3,895 5.237 ,; Do. tierces — — — 1,914 2,283 i< Do. barrels — ' — ■ — 10,175 8,643 M Do. bags — — — 8,789 14,494 _ Do. sounds ihds. 254,752 962,977 2,136,742 10,764,549 22,762,575 'Cocoa — — — 12 rf Do. tierces — — — 55 .^ 2 J Do. barrels — — — 180 .^^ " Do. bags — _ — 336 ..^^ . Do. pounds 10,632 8,322 6,000 133,675 1,141,802 5 rCoaches, chaises, chairs, &c. number 1 85 25 54 27 .|<^ Waggons 1 LCarts and drays do. do. Y 220 I 25 3 44 I 48 I 35 fOre pounds — 20 28 Sa Pig cwt. — 216 — „^^ QJ Sheet pounds — 296 cwt 3,000 > 146 pkges. .^_ §• Manufactured, or brass and 9,895 lbs. copper do. — 1,480 3,500 Duck, American Do. Russian bolts do. 77 220 478 235 I 1,592 I 2,630 1 ^ 609 Earthen ware crates — — 112 175 108 Do. do. stone dozens — 55 — _- Do. yellow or queen's crates ^^ 157 •^ — — Of the Commerce of the United States. 95 ERCHANDISE EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES. From 1st Oct. •■rom 1st Oct. 1794 to From 1st Oct. 1795 From Ist Oct. 1796 From Ist Oct. 1797 From Ist Oct. 1798 to From Ist Oct. 1800 to the From 1st Oct. 1801 the 30th Sept. 1795. to the 30th Sept to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. the 30th Sept. 1799. 1799 to the 30th 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept 1796. 1797. 1798. Sept. 1800. 1801. 1802. 3,145 3,661 2,191 5,855 4,669 6,760 7,228 3,398 1,835 1,423 2,045 3,796 2,495 1,261 1,297 1,785 6,875 5,502 5,118 4,231 12,781 16,593 9,022 5,825 _ 80 228 150 220 195 335 616 421,600 602,700 487,160 599,800 789,336 332,222 666,817 1,546,375 22 — — _ _, -_ — — 5,298 4,660 7,950 6,477 3,554 10,599 6,473 4,437 — 224,075 328,883 48,664 76,991 , 110,340 74,763 128,588 60,595 1,179 14,002 12,794 7,200 12,622 1,721 8,307 5,499 16,196 » • _ »_ ^_ „ 130 pkges. — — — — — — — 20,921 bags 6,106,729 3,788,429 9,360,005 9,532,263 17,789,803 20,911,201 27,501,075 — 8,707 '7,872 9,434 5,766 12,406 10,089 10,875 762 20 28,695 9,978 lbs. 3,481 lbs. 21,179 lbs. 49,275 lbs. 13,818 lbs. 24,893 lbs. 6,488 lbs. 1,997,398 lbs. 763,744 lbs. 982,728 lbs. 1,060,391 752,402 lbs. 1,318,199 lbs. 1,077,988 lbs. 5,998 221,903 do. 130,438 lbs. 144,149 do. 240,391 lbs. 181,321 do. 290,666 do. 135,637 do. 133.19.0.0 tons -_ — — __ 3,749 9,536 11,432 512 18,586 8,406 16,334 13,422 2,818 _. .» ._ __ ,1 1 397| doz. 85 doz. 1,824 doz. 103 doz. 59 doz. 1,017 doz. 368 doz. 1,090 doz. — 200 — 3,230 377 — 3,828 3,410 > 89,617 — — — — — — — — , ___ — — »^ ■ 21,596,379 62,385,117 44,521,887 49,580,927 31,987,088 38,597,479 45,106,494 36,501,998 — — — — — — — — 525,432 43 ■ 36 928,107 875,334 3,146,445 5,970,590 4,925,518 7,012,155 3,878,526 y 13,999 dolls. L 9,024 dolls. ^11,533 dolls. k 42,470 dolls. U6,678dolls. U 3,468 dolls. y 23,285 dolls. > 263 pkges. — — — — — — — 3,273 dolls. 17,676 dolls. 20,532 dolls. 56,655 dolls. 50,608 dolls. 69,474 dolls. 107,030 dolls. 3,031 753 crates &c. — — — — — — -— — — — — — — — — 96 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. From Aug. 1789 to the 30th Sept. 1790. Flaxseed casks Flax lbs. Glauber salts do. Sarsaparilla do. Snake root do. Pink root do. Pink, China and snake root do. Sassafras bark tons Do. wood and root do. Medicinal drugs in general pkges Feather's lbs. Fire-engines number Do. buckets do. Flints do. Trames of vessels do. Do. of scows do. Do. of boats do. Do. of houses do. Do. of windows and doors do. "Bedsteads do. Tables do. Desks do. Bureaus do. Clocks do. Clock cases do. Sophas do. Settees do. Mahogany chairs do. Windsor do. do. Rush do. do. Chests, seamen's do. "Fish, dried or smoked quint'ls Do. pickled barrels Do. do. kegs Oil, whale and other fish gallons Do. spermaceti do. _^Whalebone lbs. 'Wheat bushels Rye d<». Indian corn do. Buckwheat do. Barley do. Oats do. Peas do. ^Beans do. Ginseng lbs. Glass ware crates Do. do. for windows boxes Grindstones number Gravestones do. 40,019 21,970 49,504 lbs. 1,735 dolls. 8,351 dolls. 378,721 36,804 15,765 barrels 5,431 do. 121,281 1,124,458 21,765 2,102,137 7,562 98,842 X 38,752 813 casks 203 From 1st Oct. 1790 to the 30th Sept. 1791. \ 58,492 18,600 1,580 14,900 341 900 40,000 1 6 10 195 31 18 75 78 21 8 3 59 5,134 738 705 383,237 57,424 447,323 134,595 124,829 1,018,339 36,737 1,713,241 14,499 35 116,634 165,273 29,208 21 92 125 From 1st Oct. 1791 to the 30th Sept. 1792. 52,381 10,400 160 1,094 13,087 6,000 29 76 150 1 233 191 13 87 56 2 3 30 24 3,061 60 269 364,898 48,277 436,423 63,383 154,407 853,790 12,727 1,964,973 1,961 119,733 I 192,071 42,310 8 4 259 19 From 1st Oct. 1792 to the 30th Sept. 1793. 51,708 1,474 67 52,720 lbs &281 pks. 311 175 pieces and 44 packages. 3,884 201 372,825 45,440 512,780 140,056 202,620 1,450,575 1,305 1,233,768 330 30 78,524 I 40,620 71,550 lbs. 188 pkgs. 4rboxes & 13 do. 38 From lat Oct. 1793 to the SOth Sept. 1794. 38,620 8,665 ^ 59 5,699 lbs. & 375 pckges. 89 104 including tables & desks 39 packages of furni- ture in general 1,996 50 418,907 36,809 970,628 82,493 313,467 696,797 - 696 1,472,700 346 26 55,003 \ 197,877 22,232 lbs. & 189 pkges. 643 pkges & boxes 1,083 Of the Commerce of the United State?:. 97 IXPORTS CONTINUED. Prom Ist Oct. 1794 to the 30th Sept. 1795. From 1st. Oct. 1795 to the SOtli Sept. 1796. 58,752 90,460 11,148 76 } 179 pkges. 2,686 ■ -400,818 55,999 810,524 80,856 410,664_ — -^111,273 703 1,935,345 678 64,335 I 186,770 17,460 lbs. & 327 pkges S 227 pkges. From 1 St Oct. 1796 to the 30th Sept. 1797. 256,200 bush. 16,594 53,949 dolls. 9,483 dolls. 377,713 84,558 5,256 1,176,650 164,045 308,314 226"" 4,319 1,173,552 32 345 59,797 155,287 10,713 lbs. 222,269 bush. 4,274 23,110 dolls. >22,019 dolls. 406,016 69,782 7,351 582,425 27,556 452,127 "nr5;6SS^ 1,331 804,922 136 479 38,221 71,715 4,004 From Ist Oct. 1797 to the 30th Sept. 1798. From 1st Oct. 1798 to the 30th Sept. 1799. 224,473 bush. 10,149 dolls. ^2,065 dolls. 411,175 66,827 6,220 700,040 128,758 62,805 15,021 2,721 1,218,231 27 4,066 46,475 128,228 23,003 59,165 350,857 bush. 6,304 15,025 dolls. ^95,181 dolls. 428,495 63,542 15,993 420,949 114,264 89,552 10,056 1,595 1,200,492 552 57,359 47,603 19,998 147,192 From Ist Oct. 1799 to the 30th Sept. 1800. 289,684 bush. 2,488 23,477 dolls. >81,421 dolls, 392,725 50,388 12.403 204,468 221,762 32,636 26,853 8,227 1,694,327 851 432 57,306 27,857 7,621 268,371 461,266bush. 28,960 From 1st Oct. 1800 to the 30th Sept. 1801. 11,900 dolls >90,133 doUs. 410,948 85,935 10,424 215,522 91,684 23,106 239,929 31,110 1.768,162 154 8,796 100,544 53,791 12,144 286,458 From I St Oct a 801 to the 30th Sept. 1802. 155,358 bush. 7.482 15,037 dolls. >92,343 dolls. 440,954 75,819 13,229 379,976 28,470 80,334 280,281 2,492 1,633,283 1,999 485 70,778 90,825 13,314 201,910 o 98 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF From 1st O't 1 Quanlity From August T789 From IstOct. 1790 1791 to the From 1st Oct. 1792 to the'From 1st Oct. 1793 to the 30thl SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. or Value. to the 3()th Sept. to the 30lh Sept. 30tli Sept 30th Sept. 1793. Sept. 1794. 1790. 1791. 1792. Hides number 230 704 1,602 9,278 35,146 Horns and tips do. 1,052 dolls. 119,776 182,064 91,142 132,600 Hats do. 668 435 3,440 2,777 13,235 Honey gallons 165 firkins 1,740 1,390 732 3,746 Hemp lbs. — 1,544 2,000 — . — Hops do. — 650 2,250 73 pkges. 98,712 Hay tons 2,116 2,006 2,591 1.871 918 'Sugars brow'ii hhds. — — — — — Do. do. tierces — — — — — Do. do. barrels — — _ — . Do. do. lbs. 33,358 73,304 1,122,156 4,539,809 17,563,811 Do. do. bags — — — — . — Do. clayed lbs. — __- _^ Do. loaf and other refined hhds. — — 1 — , 9 6 Do. do. do. tierces — — 6 4 Do. do. do. barrels — — 59 21 » Do. do. do. lbs. 16,429 1,157 21,760 27,554 20,335 ■I- Do. all other do. __ 1,200 54,000 1 . , CQ Chocolate do. 29,882 497 boxes 6,692 7,432 11,684 w Spices, Pepper do. 6,100 492 5,040 14,361 23,386 Do. bags — — — — — Pimento lbs. 715 bags 141,701 31C,6.S5 114,255 37,573 Ginger do. — — 18,420 478 bags 1,136 bags All other do. — — — — — Raisins do. 213 casks 400 8,770 84,800 20,425 Cloves do. ■ 900 .^ 500 1,900 Cassia and Cinnamon do. 9,392 1,778 — 351 pkges. 65 pkges. Trails casks __ 130,293 lbs. 258 144 489 Axes number — 979 658 951 including hoes and spades 2,170 including hoes and spades Drawing knives do. — 24 — — — Hoes do. ^ 200 — — Locks and bolts do. — 2,000 — — ^^ Skimmers and ladles pairs — 15 — — » Cutlasses number — 72 — — 3 Knives and forks do. _ 240 — "S Saws do. — — 36 ^^ 3 Muskets do. 100 160 42 — 50 Shovels do. .— 261 384 _ , 1^ Scythes do. — 48 139 — p Anchors do. — 175 71 11 139 r3 c Grapnals do. — 18 30 215 — G Spikes do. Chests of Carpenter's tools do. — ^— « , p — 4 — — Nail rods tons — 8 — , Cambouses number — 2 Anvils do. — — 12 , Cannon do. — 37 83 43 20 Shot do. — 1,000 1,240 13 tons 500 ■ Pots, kettles, and other castings do. ^=^ 808 2,402 3 casks, 6,117 pieces 681 Of the Commerce of the United States. 99 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From 1st Oct 1(94 to the 30th Sept. 1795. 27,865 230,134 14,180&172pkges, 110 tons 84,695 734 21,3r7,747 739,520 including all white sugars 1,741 .301,692 241,972 1,741 including almonds 410 including other spices 2,077 _ 1,804 including hoes and spades 31 From 1st Oct. 1795 to the 3Uth Sept. 1796. 40,363 57,416 dolls. 2,090 cwt. 76,634 lbs. )> 34,848,644 3,682 pieces and 82 tons 984,146 29,698 491,330 498,028 6,235 From 1st Oct. I79C to the SOth Sept 1797. 108,862 44,617 dolls, 1,000 lbs. ^38,366,262 203,789 9,610 1,901,130 363,305 156,643 dolls. From 1st Oct 1797 to the 30th Sept 1798. 11,838 63,262 dolls 5,848 lbs. !>51,703,963 36,754 277,625 501,982 18,320 110,283 dolls From 1st Oct 1798 to the 30th Sept. 1799. 72,650 101,360 dolls. 34 cwt. 18,336 lbs. |>78,821,571 From 1st Oct 1799 to the SOth Sept. 1800 33,003 42,076 dolls. 1,540 cwt 100 232,469. 9,011 441,312 416,464 55,175 dolls. r lbs. 56,432,516 124,939 6,304 635,849 324,458 28,241 dolls From 1st Oct. 1800 to the SOth Sept. 1801. 3,691 57,366 dolls, 561 cwt, 70,784 lbs. •97,565,732 168,479 48,723 3,153,139 320,447 80,426 dolls. From 1st Oct 1801 to the SOth Sept 1802. 953 31,163 dolls, 4,310 cwt 60,866 lbs. !>61,061,820 118,468 20,117 5,422,144 52,724 120,021 dolls 100 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF From 1st Oct. Quantity From Aug. 1789 to From Oct. Jst. 1790] 1791 to the From 1st Oct. 1792 to the From IstOct. 1703 to the 30th SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. or Value. the ,30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 1793. Sept. 1794. 17Q0. 1791. 1792. • 1 ■ Waggon boxes pairs 50 Swivels number — 8 — — — Iron, pig tons 3,555 4,178| 3,267 2,089 2,037 bar do. 200 349* 351 763 839| i hoops do. — l4 15 27 50 ■s castings in general dolls. — ' — — — g all manufactures of do. lbs. casks 7,878 — — — " Indiso , , ,, , , ^^ 462 1,069 Dor lbs. 612,119 497,720 371,442 690,989 283,928 Ivory casks — — 1 10 pkges. 2 pkges. Lead and shot lbs. 6 tons 6,473 3,500 952 19,302 Do. sheet and pig do. — 16|tons&45 sheets 25,256 1 ton & 241 pieces 3 tons Leather do. 22,698 5,424 19,536 17,301 lbs.&52pkgs. 746,853 Lime bushels . — 1,320 1,878 748 2,083 'Horned cattle number 5,406 4,627 4,551 3,728 3,495 Horses do. 8,628 6,975 5,656 4,613 1,828 4 Mules do. 237 444 1,001 1,105 1,617 J< Deer do. — 4 2 — — Sheep do. 10,058 10,377 12,153 12,064 9,577 '4 Hogs do. 5,304 16,803 21,291 9,934 5,413 Poultry dozens 3,704 10,217 7,316 6,428 5,097 Merchandise not particularly enumerated dolls. 28,156 120,000 1,710 pkges. — — Do. do. pkges. — — — 4,136 5,451 Nankeens pieces 11 bales 7,070 12,340 10,972 40,742 Molasses gallons lbs. 15,537 12,721 11,338 28,733 7,216 Mustard — 710 1,120 — — Millstones number — 2 10 2 — i fPitch barrels 8,875 3,818 9,145 8,338 2,824 1 Tar do. 85,067 51,044 69,279 67,961 46,650 ^< Rosin do. 316 228 1,337 1,715 2,480 1 Turpentine iz; LSpints of turpentine Negro slaves do. 28,326 58,107 67,148 36,957 20,598 gallons 193 barrels 1,172 1,028 93 casks 75 casks number — 24 41 21 69 Nuts bushels 1,240 267 502 45 Oil, lintseed gallons 119 barrels 90 199 1,183 697 Powder, gun Do. hair qr. cks. 5,800 lbs. 25,854 lbs. 467 1,286 228 lbs. 12,534 1,276 2,540 12,810 18,485 Pomatum do. <— M 45 510 ,— ,__ Porcelain or China chests 2 3 — — . Paper rheams 169 — 128 75 573 Pipes boxes — 1 33 48 groce — Paints kegs 4,650 lbs. 1,520 lbs. 864 102 387 Plaster of Paris tons — 4 3.0.0 — _ 'Spirits, domestic from foreigr I » materials galls. 370,331 513,234 948,115 665,522 274,401 ■E. Do. from domestic do. do. — — — — — as Do. Foreign do. 12,623 4,742 84,050 224,614 108,342 Cordials do. 236 boxes 69 cases 223 boxes — __ Reeds number — 15,450 157,375 123,276 22,000 Shoes and slippers pairs — 7,046 8,738 15,102 92,898 Soap boxes 597 691 1,020 6,620 15.712 Of the Cominerce of the United States. 101 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. 1794 to From 1st Oct. 1795 Prom 1st Oct. 1796 From 1st Oct. 1797 From 1st Oct. 1798 to From 1st Oct. 1 800 to the From 1st Oct. 1801 the 30th Sept. 1795. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept, the 30th Sept. 1799. 1799 to the 30th 30th Sept. to the 30;h Sept. 179G. 1797. 1798. Sept. 1800. 18U1. 1802. 1,046 502 597 120 140 190 223 335 2,444 216 843 204 793 614 531 70 100 453 22,001 29,861 16,573 11,174 22,798 21,106 — 160,094 135,594 173,074 271,575 372,261 300,316 317,825 2,097 666,926 915,635 269,639 311,457 312,133 572,999 411,140 493,220 I 32,911 I 1,199,439 I 306,189 I 24,662 I 6,985 I 420,020 I 538,972 I 241,978 1,819,224 767 2,510 127,044 61,169 118,748 164,513 171,103 210,316 123,315 4,625 3,827 4,283 5,304 9,824 8,486 9,039 2,626 4,283 1,177 2,132 6,290 4,406 5,085 6,607 1,426 1,718 1,064 993 707 151 483 1,003 6,494 6,140 3,291 4,808 9,733 9,445 11,621 12,157 4,922 6,753 3,484 4,237 3,786 14,294 7,312 5,501 4,461 5,084 2,502 3,897 5,577 6,300 6,457 6,683 2,879,198 6,794,346 7,835,456 8,967,828 18,718,477 16,126,868 17,159,016 14,906,081 186,526 _. . , 20,124 112,257 48,559 32,350 61,911 39,122 421,628 56,959 99 pkges. 5,240 1,666 2,077 1,808 3,130 2,093 2,012 ■1 18,083 7,979 5,192 2,592 1,881 2,682 3,091 |> 132,866 64,600 47,397 33,898 58,254 59,410 67,487 37,497 14,183 7,015 8,364 16,396 3,075 2,397 3,189 41,490 53,291 40,188 40,382 33,129 35,413 38,764 23 casks 28,628 54,151 31,603 33,899 4,900 4,783 8,990 48,995 34,721 19,759 17,016 24,227 18,857 31,564 9,099 821 2,519 lbs. 7,500 lbs. 6,875 lbs. 650 lbs. 19,562 lbs. 88,532 lbs. 212,918 lbs. 748 pkges. includ- 30,561 58,694 93,256 42,141 33,887 25,021 12,542 ing perfumery. ^^ ■^ ' ~ "~~ ""^ — — 3,636 — — — — — — — 939 kegs & barrels — — — — — — — 685,167 963,325 373,328 305,010 494,365 481,568 320,649 747,939 — — 43,692 6,233 16,979 27,801 16,920 58,533 436,503 667,606 398,777 557,062 903,522 604,361 520,205 507,256 1,024 pakges. — — — — — — — 108,000 — — — — — — 142,877 and 243 212,774 106,074 155,534 137,879 68,722 133,545 59,432 packages. 43,753 2,713,729 lbs. 1,223,619 lbs. 999,854 lbs. 1,686,721 lbs. 2,284,553 lbs. 2,668,5361bs. 1,789,302 lbs. 102 Of the Cmimerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. From Aug. 1789 to the 30th Sept. 1790. From 1st Oct. 1790 to the 30th Sept. 1791. From lat Oct. 1791 to the 30th Sept. 1792. From Ist Get. 1792 to the 30th Sept. 1793. From Ist Oct 1793 to the 30th Sept. 1794. Tlice Flour Ship bread and biscuits Crackers Rye meal Indian meal Ship stuff Buckv/heat meal Beef Pork Mutton Tongues Neats tongues Hams and bacon '.s2,135 dolls. 73,329 619,681 100,279 15,346 24,062 70,339 6,484 422 62,371 26,635 160 295,647 16,670 120,901 522,715 92,269 29,334 561 250 1,228 22,263 42,420 6 600 1,000 414 402 74 8 160 15,689 4,208 2,382 94 cases 1,375 bundles 153 lbs. 103 1,060 lbs. 109 660 60 1,034 141,762 824,464 80,986 37,645 14,126 52,681 6,180 265 74,338 38,098 17 2,418 585,353 11,761 125,925 515,245 75,092 3,008 425 1,480 370 6,000 1,973 19,634 112,207 973 869 6 152 4,920 10,042 1,955 256 9,336 14 276 20 100 134,611 1,074,639 76,653 43,306 12,695 37,943 3,871 146 75,106 38,563 867 kegs 521,483 9,190 146,269 597,297 2,863 209 1,591 20,367 269,380 bushels and bunches 1,114 997 20 5,440 35,559 1,107 81 boxes 104 lbs. 55,026 828,405 68,479 40,916 4,034 48,834 553 361 97,779 47,242 725 kegs 995,593 36,932 576,957 1,028,410 1,156 688 2,218 37,307 748,885 bushels and bunches 246 208 23,920 37,415 16,173 76 boxes 17,005 Of the Commerce of the United States. 103 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. 1794 to From 1st Oct. 179."! From 1st Oct. 1796 From Ist Oct. 1797 From 1st Oct. 1798 to From 1st Oct. 1800 to the From Ist. Oct. 1801 the 30th Sept. 1795. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. the 30th Sept. 1799. 1799 to the 30th 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. 1796. 1797. 1798. Sept. 1800. 1801. 1802. 138,526 131,039 60,111 125,243 110,599 112,056 94,866 79,822 687,369 725,194-- 515,633 567,558 519,265 653,052 1,102,444 1,156,248 71,331 181,065 84,679 52,793 47,340 81,199 105,983 94,872 37,462 26,102 21,139 25,807 32,534 38,482 44,079 36,167 4,882 152,784 bush. 36,570 bush. 48,444 bush. 49,269 bush. 79,677 bush. 392,276 bush 33,292 bush. 102,529 540,286 do. 254,799 do. 211,694 do. 231,9,9.6 do. 338,108 do. 919,355 do. 266,816 do. 788 8,706 cwt. 2,840 cwt. 2,591 cwt. 15,599 cwt. 432 cwt. 1,986 cwt 1,121 cwt. — 1,076 bush. 286 bush. 84 bush. 754 bush. 93 bush. 1,907 bush. 3,260 bush. 96,149 92,521 51,812 89,421 91,321 75,045 75,331 61,520 88,193 73,881 40,125 33,115 52,268 55,467 70,779 78,239 363 bbls. & kegs — ■^ — * — ^ — •— " 1,778,564 2,096,177 1,081,008 1,105,584 1,412,005 1,173,244 2,034,630 1,588,267 28,389 2,554,885 lbs. 1,255,435 lbs. 1,313,563 lbs. 1,314,502 lbs. 1,822,341 lbs. 2,830,01 6 lbs. 2,361,576 lbs. 2,343,093 1,794,536 1,256,109 1,183,234 1,164,590 913,843 1,674,834 1,332,224 1,490,554 8,406 333 3,519 48,208 1,124,971 lbs. 731,511 876,773 lbs. 1,451,657 lbs. 1,633,562 lbs. 2,376,500 lbs. 1,958,400 lbs. 48,767 41,333 69,805 40,353 56,253 104,186 80,798 647,351 bushels & — — — — — , .» » bunches ^_ _^ 3,880 bush. 2,000 bush. 200 bush. 1,637 bush. 347 bush. ^~" ^ z __ ' ' ' ' z — — — — — — — ^^ ^ __ — 1 1 , — _ z 174 pkges. 4,823 2,105 748 3,141 5,128 1.976 14,130 16,753 51,816 24,469 26,102 26,329 90,445 203,360 7,735 129,436 267,046 73,257 114,151 109,682 41,453 52,297 43,161 36,915 52,163 65,703 101,214 99,991 38,703 70,067 42,832 546 pkges. _ — _^ HKH 927 cwt. — — — — — — — — — 33 lbs. 47 lbs. — 92 lbs. — — — — — — «r -^ — ^ z ~"~ ■" ^ ^~' ■"" '— z — — — — — — — — 104 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF Fi-om 1st Oct. Quantity From Aug. 1789 to From Ut Oct. 1790 1791 to the From 1st Oct. 1792 to From 1st Oct. 1793 to the 30th SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. or value. the 30th Sept. 1790. to the 30th Sept. 1791. 30th Sept. 1792. the 30th Sept. 1793. Sept. 1794. Pearl boxes _ ,^^ ^^ 67 Printing presses number — 4 — — — Types boxes — 3 — — — Toys for children dozens — 1121 — — — Tin boxes — 9 — — 57 Do. manufactured dozens — 15i 46 — — 'Morocco number — 132 — — Deer and moose do. — 1,063 — — Bear, wolf, and tyger do. — 37 — — Calf in hair do. — 402 27 — Elk do. — — 79 — Bear do. — — 351 — » Seal do. — 2,672 19,336 — Sheep Deer do. do. 33,009 dolls. __ 165 444 426,318 pounds > 3.nd Do. Do. lbs. z 49.011 158,364 829 28,569 packages Beaver — — 4,700 Otter number — 100 610 ^ Sable do. — — 22 — Tyger, fox, mink, &c. do. — — 408 — ' Skins and furs unknown pkges. — 132,000 dolls. 929 1,329 Do. do. do. dolls. 60,515 __ 38,776 pieces Tobacco hhds. 118,460 101,272 112,428 59,947 72,958 Do. manufactured lbs. — 81,122 117,874 137,784 19,370 Tallow do. 200,020 317,195 152,622 309,366 130,012 Tow cloth yards 67 pieces 6,850 3,833 14,947 21,363 Twine lbs. — 19| cwt. 612 3,760 5,711 Teas, bohea chests ~ l4 44 21,521 lbs. 46,336 lbs. Do. souchong Do. hyson Do. other green Vinegar Varnish do. 1,672 492 275 3,020 do. 7,718 do. do. 2,2351 1,198 17,672 do. 48,238 do. do. 178 92 7,725 do. 3,263 do. gallons 24 casks 2,248 5,811 3,473 17,463 barrels — 60 gallons 13 24 12 Brandy gallons 97 casks 158 — — — Do. peach. Gin do. cases _— 753 3,817 — 10,761 5,970 Do. gallons — 3,039 — — — Do. 18,025 10,252 — — — 'Madeira, malmsey and Lon- ~ don particular Do. all other do. 76,466 22,145 49,180 6,135 do. — — — — » Sherry and St. Lucar do. — — — — Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. > 1,074 pipes V — •— ■^~ •^ ''^ Teneriffe, Fayal, Malaga, &c . do. — '"■' ^~- "~ All other in cases do. — — ^"~ "^ Burgundy and Champaign dozens "— T;, •^~ ^^ ^Claret and other, in bottles do. ' Of the Commerce of the United States. 105 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. 179* to Fiom l8t Oct. 1795 Fiom 1st Oct. 1796 From lat Oct. 1797 From 1st Oct. 1798 tolFiom Ist Oct 1800 to the From 1st Oct. 1801 the 30th Sept. 1795. t. the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. the 30th Sept. 1799. 1799 to the 30th 30th Sept. 10 the 30th Sept. 1796. 1797. 1798. Sept. 1800. 1801. 1802. — — — — — — — 290 pkges. — ■— -^ — — — — — — — — — — — — ^"" ^— — ^,^_ — — z ^,^^ _ ■~" ■ —^ ^__ z — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — >— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — _ _ .^_ 1,196 pkges. & .— — — _- —^ .^_ ^^ 24,903 lbs. 79,296 pieces 273,201 288,591 355,487 493,724 308,262 281,639 316,030 61,050 69,018 58,167 68,.«67 96,070 78,680 103,758 77,721 20i36S 29.181 12,805 142,269 416,076 457,713 472,282 233,591 49,515 187,403 26,012 16,610 19,926 15,079 37,142 32,863 261,580 — — _ — ~. 2,670^ — — — — , -^ ^__ 219 74,547 lbs. 73,009 lbs. 70,397 lbs. 30,135 lbs. 938,376 lbs. 669,208 lbs. 389,263 lbs. 409 9,327 do. 8,668 do. 50,286 do. 18,989 do. 42,905 do. 211,920 do. 613,312 do. 671 30,531 do. 45,393 do. 41,396 do. 40,176 do. 152,093 do. 488,348 do. 613,583 do. 322 20,923 do. 5,280 do. 16,608 do. 7,561 do. 47,250 do. 39,277 do. 278,380 do. 41,943 — — — — — 7 — — — — — ^.^ ._ — — — — — — .^ — — ^__ — — . __ ^^_ 9,287 — — — — — — — __ — — — — — — 157,181 198,645 46,562 164.874 34,431 17,597 29,401 35,911 -"- — — — — — — ..^^ — — — — — — — ^^ — ' — — — — — — .^. — — — — — — — -» — — — — — — — .^ — ■ — — — — — — - , rf-V ^~~ ~" •^ ft 106 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF SPECIES OF MERCtUNDISE. Quantity or value. From Aug. 1789 to the 30th of Sept. 1790. Fiom 1st Oct. From 1st Oct 1790 1791 to the to the 30th Sept. 1791. 30th 1792. Sept. From Ist Oct 1792 to the 30th Sept. 1793. From 1st Oct 1793 to the 30th SepL 1794. "AH other in bottles dozens Do. do. gallons Do. do. hhds. Do. do. casks Do. do. barrels Wax, bees lbs. Do. myrtle do. Whips number Tine boards and plank feet Oak do. do. do. Other do. do. do. Scantling do. Laths number Shook casks do. Timber feet Do. tons Do. pieces All other timber, wood and lumber dolls. Mahogany tons Do. and logwood pieces Lignum vitee tons Dye woods and oak bark do. Do. do. pieces Do. do. dolls. Staves and heading number Shingles do. ^ Hoops and poles do. ■a^ Casks do. Masts do. Bowsprits do. Booms do. Breast hooks do. Cartings do. Spars do. Oars and oar rafters do. Handspikes do. Pumps do. Boxes and brakes do. Block do. Trunnels do. Cedar and oak knees do. Anchor stocks do. Cedar posts do. Spokes and fellows dozens Mast hoops do. Yokes and bows for oxen setts Lock stocks number included in _ the 1,074 pipes above mentioned. 231,218 i,747,730 ^46,7 8,719,638 52,558 267,831 18,531 dolls. 176 36.402,301 67,331,115 1,908,310 2,423 2,361 32,236 224,538 2,272 146 37,288,928 963,822 3,463,673 6,237,496 25,500 42,032 2,180,137 13,775 5 3,251 1,180 cwt. 29,061,590 74,205,976 1,425,577 297 405 42 74 50 13 4,983 41,536 36,714 80 56 7,040 45,905 1,067 809 10,453 12,972 pieces 148 197 4,000 500 33,262 299,358 240 500 51,316,112 824,088 315,707 5,867,504 47,615 2,323,450 19,391^ 18,374 2.0.0 180.0.0 252.3.2 965 29,197,309 71,637,863 2,563,393 1,245 323 23 3,757 39,543 33,775 55 40 6,425 34,500 1,080 225 134 8,964 m 20* 1,330 180,929 272,800 1,273 9,463 812,836 330,871 37,863 21,838 12,272 65,846,024 feet 319 29,734,854 80,813,357 2,304,853 6,944 5,052 including masts 20,251 19,169 43 4,814 91,632 22,076 pieces 27 696 pieces 600 54,200 5,709 ' 6,122 34,341,847 feet 682 25,874,073 27,650.017 2.640,845 12,144 1,286 including masts 14,456 9,333 86 2,868 6,200 pieces 231 pairs 491 Of the Commerce of the United States. 107 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From Ist Oct. Pt-oin 1st Oct. 1794 to'Fiom IstOct 1795 From 1st Oct. 1796 Fr.™ 1st Oct. 1797 From lat Oct. 1798 to From iBt Oct. 1800 to the From Ist Oct. 1801 the 30th Sept. 1795. to the 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. to the 3«th Sept. the 30th Sept. 1799. 1799 to the 30th 30th Sept. to the 30th Sept. 1796. 1797. 1798. Sept. 1800. 1801. 1802. 23,303 30,108 77,097 - 55,878 62,182 43,804 54,993 42,883 785,547 ■1 1,505,427 1,519,255 1,162,883 1,689,350 1,465,234 1,447,358 1,248,311 I 12.198 — — — — — — 312,845 317,831 188,727 149,774 172,982 203,703 177,358 223,912 — I 53,871,476 I 43,220,969 I 52,404,392 I 56,647,098 I 68,825,280 ? 71,629,831 ^ 80,877,657 87,787 — — — ~ — — — 9,043 8,585 13,664 5,574 6,038 9,195 9,657 10.222 14,223 — — — — — — — 40,735,561 feet 120,197 109,877 116,772 72,902 73,344 61,070 102,751 2,108 — — — — — — — _ .^ _ -» __ __ .^^ 30,012,759 34,588,904 33,073,521 28,073,279 34,008,287 19,375.625 37,189,498 29,808,430 38,938,814 47,307,112 51,604,896 50,915,427 58,510,460 76,027,827 81,044,3d6 82,110,413 3,423,601 3,711,062 3,956,340 2,328,027 2,914,089 2,121,189 3,732,086 3,831,809 5,727 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — . — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — __ .^ ^_ 4,056 including — — — — — _ ._ masts 34,352 — _ — — »-. M^ ^_ 11,775 — — — — — — — — — — — — — —. — — — — —— — __ .^_ 1,856 — — _ . — — _ .^ ^_« 94,400 — — — — — — ~— ■■"■ -^ — -— — — — — — ~- — — — .^ _ ._ — — — — — — — ^ — — . — — — __ _« __ 113 dozens — ■^ — — — ~- ._ ^~" ^"*' ""■ ' "•* ■"• — lod Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF From Ist Oct. **l V^V^ fH^^r^ n* tf'k w ^ tf-n -to^ ^^-m « a ^^m_. ^— ^ ^^ t*** T From Aug. 1789 to Prom the Ist Oct. 1791 to the From Ist Oct. 1792 to From 1st Oct. 1793 to the SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. or value. the 30th Sept. 1790 to the 30th 30lh Sept the 30th Sept. 1793. 30th Sept. 1794. 1790. Sept. 1791. 1792. 'Cords of wood number 499 1,171 1,119 451 Do. of oak bark do. „ 57 292 444 404 ts Oak bark ground hhds. .^ 1,040 2,921 3,108 834 9 Do. and other dye dolls. _^ ,^_ ___ 1 1 B Wheelbarrows number _ 6 42 44 34 g Corn fans do. .^ 1 1 ,, , 1 Waggon and cart wheels pairs — 25 41 36 53 g< Spinning wheels number — 17 7 —^ *.. H Worm tubs do. —, 6 2 .^ , 1 Tubs, pails, dishes, &c. dozens — 204 92 95 123 Axe helves do. 149 1 Truss hoops setts — 15 .... _^ Logwood and Nicaragua wood cwt. 264 tons 1051- tons — —. _^ Oak, pine, &c. pieces — 38,680 — — ««_ AH manufactures of wood dolls. _« - ^__ Canes and walking sticks number __ 598 228 , Stones, sawed do. 170 ^_ __ Canvass and sail cloth pieces , , ^_ Cigars 1000 — Earthen and glass ware dolls. 1,990 .^ . -,. Bomb shells tons 10 . , . Shoes and boots pairs 5,862 ... , _ Essence of bark gallons —, — — ^^ 208 ^^ Sweet oil boxes and baskets . 1,168 1,946 Silver sweepings casks ~- — 7 Wrought iron do. ^■" ^■~ ■~~ ■^ 14 Value in dolls, of the merchandise exported 20.205,156 19,012,041 20,753,098 26,109,572 33,026,233 Of the Commerce of the United States. 109 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From Ist Oct. 1794 to the 30th Sept. 1795. From 1st Oct. 1795 to the 30th Sept. 1796. From 1st Oct 1796 to the 30lh Sept. 1797. From Ist Oct. 1797 to the 30th Sept. 1798. From 1st Oct. 1798 to the 30th Sept. 1799. Prom Ist Oct. 1799 to the 30th Sept 1800. From 1st Oct 1800 to the 30th Sent. 1801. From Ist Oct. 1801 to the 30th St pt 1803. 169 341 37 1,189 6,138 134 U 88,453 dolls. 111,848 4,683 U 68,531 doll,. 158,576 1,739 175,612 dolls. 82,586 2,335 12 Uo,397 dolls. 166,041 1,835 384 U5,774dolls. 117,651 58 291 ^31,043 dolls. 170,027 1,543 622 Uoo.eoidoiis. 164,837 20 75 47,989,472 ■",064,097 56,850,206 61,527,097 78,665,522 70,971,780 94,115,925 72,483,160 11 110 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF EXPORTS, THE PRODUCE AND SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. (35) Quantity or Value. From Ist Oct, 1802 to the 30th Sept 1803. From Ist Oct, 1803 to the 30th Sept, 1804. From Ist Oct. From Ist Oct 1804 to the 1805 to the 30th Sept. 30th Sept, 1805. 1806 From Ist Oct. 1806 to the 30th Sept. 1807. From 1st Oct 1807 to the 30th Sept. 1808. Fish, dried or smoked quintls. pickled bbls. Do. kegs Oil, Spermaceti gaflons Whale and other fish do. Whalebone lbs. Spermaceti candles do. Wood, staves and headings 1000 shingles do. hoops and poles do. boards, plank and scantling 1000 ft. hewn timber tons lumber of all kinds dolls. masts and spars do. oak bark and other dye do. all manufactures of wood do. Naval stores, tar bbls. pitch do. rosin do. turpentine do. Ashes, pot tons pearl do. Skins and furs dolls. Ginseng lbs. Beef bbls. Pork do. Hams and bacon lbs. Tallow do. Butter do. Cheese do. Lard do. Horned Cattle number Horses do. Mules do. Sheep do. Hogs do. Poultry dozens /Wheat bushels Indian com do. I Rye do. Oats do. Barley do. Buckwheat do. iBeans do. yPeas do. Potatoes do. Apples bbls. Flour do. Meal, rye do. Indian do. buckwheat do. ship stuif cwt. 461,870 76,831 11,565 46,984 550,535 69,802 35,290 78,926 3,501 79,225 20,172 67,102 225,732 145,500 78,989 4,808 5,861 61,178 3,270 2,194 532,367 384,979 77,934 96,602 1,686,546 59,217 2,489,954 1,190,867 2,052,302 7,563 5,569 344 13,677 6,859 7,694 686,415 2,097,608 50,753 84,497 2,745 74 41,677 48,650 79,217 9,593 1,311,853 28,273 133,606 229 2,642 567,825 89,482 13,045 5,550 646,505 134,006 34,614 75,156 4,228 76,000 19,826 55,924 88,470 203,175 58,181 6,225 4,675 77,827 3,411 1,138 958,609 301,499 134,896 111,532 1,904,284 35,440 2,476,550 1,299,872 2,565,719 6,290 5,126 605 12,456 5,599 6,044 127,024 1,944,873 11,315 73,726 5,318 2 36,614 42,213 96,427 6,801 810,008 21,779 111,327 48 2,466 514,549 56,770 7,207 72,624 626,089 21,335 180,535 42,062 74,854 5,523 94,939 18,063 53,380 25,546 61,512 223,142 72,745 13,977 9,057 95,640 3,557 1,575 967,534 370,932 115,532 57,925 903,924 13,681 1,656,724 843,005 1,308,287 5,822 4,046 481 6,091 2,808 3,302 18,041 861,501 1,474 55,400 7,185 90 22,700 56,086 62,995 5,654 777,513 23,455 116,131 98 1,301 537,457 64,615 10,155 42,785 826,233 50,594 294,789 44,624 82,146 6,239 85,948 25,878 68,531 15,760 41,971 214,870 62,723 7.948 7,486 74,731 4,616 1,512 840,347 448,394 117,419 36,277 1,347,018 53,757 1,898,690 683,163 1,542,500 7,107 5,193 1,341 6,544 1,747 2,931 86,784 1,064,263 614 69,993 156 25 21,660 100,647 52,855 2,500 782,724 18,090 108,342 124 207 473,924 57,621 13,743 44,339 932,797 104,635 172,132 37,701 76,890 3,621 79,424 48,855 90,469 21,084 19,064 191,792 59,282 5,099 3,802 53,451 5,852 2,773 851,609 368,207 84,209 39,274 1,311,246 53,115 1,963,480 879,697 1,815,998 8.148 4,750 704 5,698 1,831 2,951 1,173,114 612,421 6,650 65,277 4,893 66 22,226 25,891 97,694 9,327 1,249,819 29,067 136,460 30 2,580 155,808 18,957 3,036 612 198.019 8,660 45,130 10,003 17.512 2,186 25,845 7,412 21.740 2,088 5,136 44,311 18,764 624 800 17,061 1,464 867 161,216 20,101 15,478 258,418 4,985 894,152 316,876 585,173 2,050 1,800 173 1,531 1,956 737 87,330 249,532 530 23,698 173 11,312 14,335 36,316 3,880 263,813 6,167 30,818 56 (35) Prior to the 1st of October, 1802, the Exports from the United States, were not returned according to their growth or origin. Of the Commerce of the United States. Ill MANUFACTURE OF THE UNITED STATES. From 1st Oct.Fiom 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From l3t Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct From 1st Oct From 1st Oct 1808 to the 1809 to the 1810 to the 1811 to the 1812 to the 1813 to the 1814 to the 1815 to the 1816 to the 30tl) Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept 30th Sept. 30th Sept 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept 1809. (36) 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 18ir. 345,648 280,804 216,387 * 169,019 60,022 31,310 102,824 217,892 267,514 54,577 34,674 44,716 23,609 13,333 8,436 36,141 37,979 44,426 9,380 5,964 9,393 3,143 568 87 3,062 6,983 15,551 51,071 63,910 136,249 63,216 — 8,618 2,756 11,300 421,282 544,734 186,661 106,369 4,979 837 68,921 177,810 460,888 8,825 42,843 30,346 8,128 — — 174 — 3,668 210,444 187,190 257,094 155,867 26,522 21,154 312,065 116,919 201,939 26,991 27,137 30,284 18,285 7,179 2,671 16,743 49,239 28,258 34,047 43,122 69,097 30,327 10,750 4,196 25,419 78,919 88,813 3,419 3,250 2,240 2,392 1,888 1,064 3,733 3,554 2,975 64,725 63,042 85,340 56,563 20,699 11,646 51,337 63,162 86,576 29,342 103,294 116,428 42,442 1,671 127 7,696 32,447 25,005 55,081 86,505 125,330 115,003 6,979 2,673 77,647 311,212 162,751 19,146 141,163 108,029 10,971 1,522 435 17,389 195,513 69,724 28,750 72,049 111,825 106,688 118,416 3,270 336,242 308,047 186,320 123,315 156,950 190,635 109,335 61,137 49,462 150,660 199,835 202,372 128,090 87,310 149,796 87,937 10,065 5,222 39,845 133,345 37,120 5,433 7,563 11,375 9,615 3,270 511 6,367 13,595 8,378 8,998 7,483 13,412 8,564 2,097 465 11,721 6,982 8,038 77,398 62,912 100,242 57,266 16,123 3,507 76,103 76,105 73,484 5,998 7,083 4,289 2,477 1,670 1,225 3,850 5,461 8,348 2,732 3,227 1,557 626 285 227 1,091 1,392 2,191 331,513 177,081 313,945 122,638 58,355 22,177 409,371 552,748 687,809 271,693 279,246 314,131 33,129 — 58,720 16,863 75 253,840 28,555 47,699 76,143 42,757 43,741 ' 20,297 13,130 33,239 37,889 46,652 37,209 37,270 22,746 17,337 4,040 9,073 19,280 14,462 1,082,610 1,218,855 1,286,809 729,398 607,196 138,556 695,357 530,129 341,419 4,562 11,205 -44,775 16,140 300 2,360 37,541 21,847 17,641 1,366,374 1,620,538 1,878,789 1,614,112 419,395 185,100 844,029 676,195 670,387 588,907 741,878 944,116 707,787 276,552 184,827 468,609 678,064 394,903 1,371,089 1,365,333 1,927,451 1.616,417 1,084,565 513,928 1,045,633 1,088,318 926,018 3,981 2,500 8,522 4,713 469 227 4,604 8,958 7,975 2,072 ?,212 2,853 2,115 95 8 1,747 3,979 3,714 220 2,899 198 6 — — — 273 132 3,221 218 5,801 3,572 '934 1,669 9,710 17,280 16,848 537 4,613 4,454 2,380 485 160 757 1,988 1,103 1,352 250 1,713 1,305 152 211 836 1,510 1,386 393,899 1,752 216,833 53,832 288,535 — 17,634 52,321 96.407 522,074 325,924 2,790,850 2,039,999 1,486,970 61,284 830,516 1,077,614 387,454 1,185 1,054,252 14,818 82,705 140,136 — 831 3,464 1,702 20,361 44S 211,894 48,469 14,105 6,046 29,899 45,839 72,854 200 6,942 29,716 49,707 — 2,300 2,237 6,858 4,093 60 73 150 — — — 180 20 — 41,401 25,578 47,867 34,656 4,201 1,416 2,702 3,909 824 57,691 22,209 38,784 43,210 18,080 2,211 7,873 56,911 4,384 19,690 59,443 76,755 50,838 25,728 42,156 45,113 69,166 103,211 603 6,465 16,321 2,212 1,621 2,150 2,081 5,903 16,877 846,247 798,431 1,445,012 1,443,492 1,260,943 193,274 862,739 729,053 ,1479,198 1,306 5,078 29,375 69,839 65,680 2,716 6,016 8,373 78,067 57,260 86,744 147,423 90,810 58,521 26,438 72,364 89,119 106,763 ^^ 1 189 — 1 — 202 57 — 675 12 415 67 — 79 266 1,810 (36) The Exports returned for this year, were made, in fact, during the six months and a half ending on the SOth of September, 1809; exportations were suspended by the embargo, till the 15th day of March, 1809, 112 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF DOMESTIC From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist. Oct-IFrdm 1st Oct From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. Quantity 1802 to the 1803 to the 1804, to the 1805 to the 1806 to the 180r to the SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. or Value. 30th Sent. 30lh Sept 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. isor. 1808. Biscuit or ship-bread bbls. 108,272 85,512 90,737 88,086 102,431 21,579 Do. do. kegs 38,085 50,390 23,962 38,229 37,157 6,628 Rice tierces 81,838 78,385 56,830 102,627 94,692 9,228 Indigo lbs. 55 26,750 97,184 100,697 18,097 1,000 Cotton, sea island do. J Not distill- > gruished from > Not distin- 1 ' guished from J other cotton. 8,787,659 6,096,082 8,926,011 949,051 J other cotton. other than sea island do. 37,7-12,079 35,034,175 29,602,428 29,561,383 55,018,448 9,681,394 Tobacco hhds. 86,291 83,343 71,252 83,186 62,232 9,576 Hemp cwt. 173 — — — — — -^. Flax lbs. 2,829 986 340 5,532 — 187 Flaxseed bushels 311,459 281,757 179,788 352,280 301,242 102,930 Hops lbs. 915,473 385,886 134,606 946,827 20,492 20,697 Mustard do. 1,585 5,023 6,540 2,612 3,817 55 Wax, Bees do. 197,148 217,889 248,394 346,974 318,636 93,770 Household furniture dolls. 53,776 78,585 141,008 172,900 113,571 34,231 Coaches and other carriages do. 9,893 14,755 20,279 30,293 25,390 4,243 Hats do. 17,585 48,915 95,098 105,051 89,653 9,399 Saddlery do. 7,574 7,827 23,516 18,237 14,252 1,328 Beer, porter and cider in casks gallons i dozens 37,750 75,501 80,225 136,586 185,359 17,587 in bottles 356 4,416 7,070 9,831 10,794 2,524 Boots pairs 1,701 6,024 10,128 8,958 8,053 914 Shoes, silk leather do. do. ]■ 26,058 X 123,741 1,120 101,382 4,911 126,918 4,068 119,464 44 16,430 Candles, tallow lbs. 1,255,442 2,239,356 981,446 1,987,544 1,562,847 289,151 wax and spermaceti do. 237,147 127,229 3,091 2,271 361 — Soap do. 1,331,180 2,796,982 1,815,775 2,117,250 2,317,398 417,949 Starch do. 7,166 30,401 4,990 2,143 24,870 8,916 Hair powder do. 298 5,587 1,326 9,359 2,483 996 Gun do. do. 51,039 510,520 349,300 139,703 80,287 29,300 Snuff do. 17,534 20,068 23,531 39,005 46,07- 12,836 Tobacco manufactured do. 152,415 278,071 404,929 342,728 228,875 23,496 Leather do. 95,923 214,299 203,231 388,223 336,414 87,316 Lead do. 900 19,804 8,000 — — 40,583 Maple and other brown sugar do. 3,420 818,014 251,827 209,286 17,400 12,420 Bricks 1000 736 1,031 1,043 1,060 837 892 Spirits from grain gallons 18,126 41,979 67,092 43,016 32,767 6.696 Bark, essence do. 1,336 941 — 49 25 — Linseed oil do. 3,816 19,047 9,690 20,967 5,037 279 Spirits of turpentine do. 11,336 19,526 ■ 26,247 29,514 8,146 1,530 Canvass and sail cloth pieces 6 54 100 100 100 — Cables and cordage cwt. 2,880 4,165 3,010 6,359 . 6,745 1,521 Cards, wool and cotton dozen ■ 298 258 1,338 3,999 2,007 276 playing packs 3,198 1,008 — 171 — — Iron, pig tons 877 454 365 79 114 9 bar do. 177 379 927 307 132 67 nails lbs. 77,551 110,780 278,051 218,805 336,321 30,237 castings dolls. 5,923 9,168 25,821 47,014 55,394 4,161 All other manufactures of iron or iron and steel do. I 21,261 40,827 40,559 29,700 41,239 5,899 Spirits from molasses gallons lbs. 802,965 409,521 929,658 1,259,360 765,916 31,120 Sugar refined 93,609 106,167 138,618 301,292 122,586 7,942 Chocolate do. 12,414 9,489 5,008 8,886 11,389 3,000 Copper, or brass and copper manufactured dolls. 6,233 8,654 12,977 25,340 12,742 4,031 Medicinal drugs do. 18,042 21,664 13,644 53,074 16,724 4,328 Merchandise, and other articles not enumerated, manufac tured do. X 303,331 I 431,315 225,410 256,322 289,092 67,479 raw produce do. 155.415 189,110 178,740 45,027 Hides number 4,814 4,635 5,692 1,819 4,801 — Oat meal bbls. — 1 — — — Bran and shorts bushels 1,221 156 104 472 — "— Value in dollars, of the exports of each year. 42,205,961 41,467,477 42,387, ■ Of the Commerce of the United States. 113 EXPORTS CONTINUED. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct, From lat Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. 1808 to the 1809 to the 1810 to the 1811 to the 1812 to the 1813 to the 1814 to the 1815 to the 1816 to the 3i>th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30lli Sept 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812 1813. 1814. 1815. 181G. 1817. 69,699 62,418 103,901 46,344 28,626 14,044 49,034 51,281 59,052 25,418 39,842 47,536 12,526 4,073 1,717 27,733 68,078 63,194 116,907 131,341 119,356 77,190 120,843 11,476 129,248 137,843 79,296 3,840 11,360 19,090 3,733 591 — 5,908 18,560 4,071 8,664,213 8,604,078 8,029,576 4,367,806 4,134,849 2,520,338 8,449,951 9,900,326 8,101,880 42,326,042 84,657,384 54,028,660 24,519,571 14,975,167 15,208,669 74,548,796 72,046,790 77,547,448 53,921 84,134 13 73,803 35,828 1 32,200 26,094 5,314 3,125 85,337 69,241 62,365 8,797 19,592 __ _ 4,771 6,580 — ^ 184,311 240,571 304,114 325,022 189,538 14,800 267,101 636,467 222,594 5,963 4,460 — 55,313 — — — 16,533 3,735 1,945 985 112 12 — — — 611 300 376,523 294,007 230,350 68,212 39,714 22,757 481,801 259,732 160,229 71,232 131,484 148,758 43,248 2,230 2,526 52,278 114,847 100,743 7,167 10,762 21,252 2,210 200 — 9,176 30,920 37,290 57,826 45,065 55,182 27,572 8,143 132 26,149 19,463 14,148 14,85,4 13,361 14,677 3,794 167 — 13,534 20,837 14,661 .' 90,780 90,550 216,691 35,116 4,008 3,504 54,574 105,561 160,519 10,319 15,863 33,875 7,155 20 30 1,696 3,258 13,511 7,012 5,169 7,667 1,982 55 51 2,811 3,234 653 32 360 — — — 194 — — 100,890 54,475 42,993 20,775 5,716 6,453 50,997 71,650 17,160 828,084 615,491 1,000,533 534,265 270,050 308,895 574,978 316,138 780,639 3,584 7,380 885 433 3,446 198 38,142 5,753 8,808 1,962,625 1,547,107 1,912,488 1,356,227 757,367 552,406 1,924,427 1,446,633 2,021,487 1,846 1,198 52,341 11,654 1,200 ~ — — 3,593 10,827 350 102,379 52,075 92,875 13,650 . 20,770 407,896 383,437 713,045 35,955 33,858 19,840 3,360 — — 14,655 52,650 5,080 314,880 495,427 732,713 583,258 283,512 79,377 1,019,390 523,596 1,115,874 199,756 279,043 363,945 233,811 76,259 1,560 433,903 171,489 60,011 126,537 172,323 65,497 74,875 276,940 43,600 40,245 35,844 111,034 21,375 14,123 173,012 131,921 729,750 756 6,260 17,750 36,454 286 265 225 114 20 47 664 653 433 97,282 133,853 500,918 294,230 60,053 8,132 117,701 72,989 53,815 103 150 55 — — — — — 30 13,371 23,502 35,597 9,603 4,178 1,925 17,259 18,683 14,555 7,923 12,708 43,133 21,960 3,589 404 16,838 12,299 38,491 — 134 14 12 — — _^ 31 — 7,387 6,698 13,698 18,557 946 344 8,006 11,606 13,195 148 2,481 2,447 ^~ 240 276 1,319 304 — 728 7,636 3,656 1,728 — 864 — — 70 93 21 — — 152 15 200 277 429 217 63 — — 80 36 22 272,723 377,373 347,925 82,785. 14,369 42,763 90,294 158,877 473,025 5,595 9,410 8,143 1,750 19,621 19 5,749 14,649 32,782 30,461 39,293 31,454 36,316 812 6,581 7,784 161,394 45,942 241,359 474,990 344,455 208,985 495 1,866 8,112 128,474 418,702 266,546 748,198 71,230 10,769 2,570 — 10,432 ^1,827 144,409 2,930 13,333 16,173 4,900 5,000 — 5,840 13,142 11,355 3,095 17,426 9,282 2,644 — 366 16,152 8,765 16,777 19,524 18,767 11,604 5,264 83 34,547 60,583 30,303 204,968 256,534 442,087 300,026 44,738 28,446 497,707 577,342 349,237 167,904 230,881 221,031 186,517 42,959 136,430 292,939 472,251 385,249 — 2,500 800 4 — 277 68 51 9,072 6,396 — — — — — — — 31,405,702 42,366,675 45,294,043 30,032,109 25,008,152 6,782,272 45,974,403 '^4,7S1,896 68,313,500 114 Of the Commerce of theyUnited ocaies. STATEMENT OF EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. Fi-om 1st Oct. 1 802 to the 30th Sept. 1803. From 1st Oct. 1803 to the 30th Sent. 1804. From 1st Oct. 1804 to the 30th Sept. 1805. From 1st Oct. 1805 to the SOth Sept. 1805. From 1st Oct. 1806 to the 30th Sept. 1807. Value of goods free of duty Do. do. at Tl per cent, duty at 12^ do. at 15 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. at 17i at 20 at 22-J at25 at 27^ at 30 at32| at 33^ at 40 at 42^ do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. >Wines, Malmsey, Madeira, and Lond. all other Madeira Burgundy, Champaign, &c. sherry and St.,Lucar fclaret, &c. in bottles or cases Lisbon, Oporto, &c. tTenerifFe, Fayal, &c. "all other ''Spirits, from grain from other materials >Molasses Beer, ale, porter and cider Do. do. do. bottles Teas, bohea souchong and other black hyson, imperial, &c. other green Coffee Cocoa Chocolate ■^Sugar, brown ^. white, clayed or powdered candy- other refined lump loaf Almonds Fruits, currants prunes and plumbs Raisins in jars, boxes, and muscadel All other Candles, tallow Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper pimento All other spices Chinese cassia . Foreign lime per cask of 60 gallons Indigo Cotton Powder, gun Iron, slit and hoop Nails and spikes Iron, bar anchors nails spikes bars and bolts, rolled otherwise dolls. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. part, gallons ■ do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. doz. lbs. do. do. do. dp. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. casks lbs. do. do. do. do. cwt. do. lbs. do. cwt. do. 22,832 10,495 229 doz. 13.183 14,016 doz. 7,818 4,640 233,804 38,962i 260,220 38,5^2 3,360 292 1,853,035 531,885 95,208 666,364 10,294,693 567,177 19,781^455 8,438,974 '6,024 5,555 77,454 134.706 2,991,430 335,906 132,264 21,148 3,493,544 16,328 163,978 1,641,725 11,801,886 1,587,801 89,946 22,399 32,648 -821 10,803 . 40,346 8,853 16,509 1,455,003 329,594 789,465 55,259 3,270 388 231,842 760,064 101,785 125,542 48,312,713 695,135 54^5,650 20,060,702 25,868 26,728 78,566 742,015 5,703,646 463,539 115,047 149,088 3,083,866 141,125 53,873 72,763 . 1,305 36,877 . 302,787 69,318 204,579 -2X^S.278 .280,791 1,531,425 4&474 60,771 98,959 926,758 332,168 431,003 46,760,294 2,425,680 95,618,316 ^27,rei,04'9 29,377 251 58,432 51,410 207,962 153,033 38,196 396,120 1,325,256 8,966 1,583 1,428 16,709 31,207 7,559,224 148,844 410,187 15 358,514 1,992,344 143,399 63,880 637,939 2,383,910 13,994,277 2,075,601 117,689 2,080,114 14,134,929 2,197,383 152,081 40,750 23,162 •1,324 50,859 • 195,873 3,336 2^4,46^ 2,960,440 114,355 1,252,205 53,798 40,330 46,381 33,551 ■ 2,586 53,783 .513,125 27,850 198,98^ "~"235,794r 1/386,334 "40,947. 25,776 \ 10,993 114,915 1,210,303 926,069 276,441 609,319 504,465 1,012,758 47,001,662 24.122,573 6,846,758 8,540,524 _l,Qr3 73.6, 106,249,397 105,721,881" 39,378,637 37,397,724 1,107 1,700 — 121,562 245,735 .4,395 * 55,595 78,438 37,577 78,047 218,931 71,582 289,207 138,432 301,470 320,707 579.173 1,896,947 1,423,365 395,548 116,467 21,423 7,428 31,287 9,470 19,311 9,364 49,686 37,305 4,111,983 4,207,166 61,007 674,889 92,252 197,206 42 — 357,139 864,145 1,833,817 2,668,278 86,005 93,653 141,545 212,842 1,275,821 955,178 Of the Commerce of the United States, THE PRODUCE AND MANUFACTURE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 115 From 1st Oct. Prom 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. from 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 'Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct 1807 to the 1808 to the 1800 to the 1810 to the 1811 to the 1812 to the 1813 to the 18U to the 1815 to the 1816 to the 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept 30th Sept 30th Sept. 1808. 1809. 1810*. 1811. 1812. 181.3. 1814. 1815. 18lfl. 18ir. 370,341 543,242 1,322,023 1,495,984 586,180 57,604 953 758,869 1,448,548 800,812 — — — — — — — — 13,172 ft5,733 .3,614,148 4,395,373 — — — — — — — — 755,085 913,629 5,888,468 5,931,562 2,214,314 131,401 4,564 — 42,632 1,339,675 — — 692,287 670,643 295,762 22,472 — — — — 24,157 37,423 — — — — — — 49,592 797,766 — 48,156 53,997 8,946 660 — — — — __ — — 1,286,857 4,362,787 5,321,051 _^ , 61,556 24,247 180,492 — — — — — — _ — — 432,006 1,046,318 808,875 _ — — 7,213 11,645 18,109 — — ^_ ^^ , — — . 11,727 415,724 — — — — — — — 18,608 79,365 67,860 _:. — — ^« — — — 591 -— 9,118 6,248 32,594 24,146 '" 6,110- 982 •-'IDS 5,858 7,261 18,730 3,769 14,029 11,097 9,653 9,289 53 — 41,417 7,632 — ^1,087 60 179 309 — 119 — 30 1,331 2,631 5;275 4,773 25,914 560 - — 829 — — 32,927 68,959 . 141,288 70,183 8,933 12,692 26,989 6,781 2,147 7,262 22,835 30,131 8',316 10;576 11,506 9,703 18,335 — — 1,696 50,752 52,645 53,394 34,672 63,797 46,161 33,331 1,191 — 60 118,010 110,631 -^n- Jll^ll- 81,903 241,297 209,640 91,488 15,524 134,950 509,245 456,011 - ^U^5 ' 6,915 8,218 10,018 1,053 — 68,645 161,616 54,446 184,256 ,^2,258 116,085 108,570 27,877 28,285 5,796 48,844 856,637 303,422 - r,S37 SS,943 40,245 18,837 8,001 1,309 — 11,228 29,008 14,457 1,688 4,305 450 3,744 — — 3,481 4,592 3,060 — — — — — — — — — 6,143 galls. 4,013 64,452 155,383 353,618 25,320 — — — 314,137 103,391 99,544 1,093,179 536,310 304,602 395,507 — i — 79,633 147,673 273,321 56,173 344,871 349,014 221,440 57,825 129 — 17,963 11,928 146,534 78,1?!3 268,114 297,025 146,302 40,602 — — 30,607 20,222 394,457 7,325,448 24,364,099 31,423,477 10,261,136 10,073,722 6,568,527 220,599 7,501,384 8,948,713 10,030,072 1,896,990 2,029,326 1,286,010 2,221,442 752,148 108,188 27,386 1,065,582 431,571 980,904 3,000„ 1,000 — 30 — — — — 1,395 100 20,635,575 27j577.391 17;B85,362 28,535,494 5,189,885 3,233,315 3,479,326 362 2,528,324 15,359,061 15,876,268 - 8,126,952. 18,488,508 13,076,776 10,693,962 3,137,962 400 659,324 2,159,605 4,283,380 ' — 760 — — — — — — 23,122 — 33,825 — 1,686 — — — 1,070 201,514 — — — __ — — — — 3,787 12,398 81,141. 82,985 48,348 7,661 47,674 11,077 1,384 15,080 26,290 5,135 22,865 8,676 ' 78,806 3,181 9,244 — — 183,711 286,497 6,439 3,501 376 10,225 1^500 — — — 44 42,408 22,031 50,210 25,047 161,309 44,027 25,391 — 2,500 106 166,391 20,345 29,162 22,385 498,273 32,983 17,187 — — 1,772 176,485 8,312 92,478 53,763 2,548 26,100 8,141 — — 22,569 4,847 37,000 194,393 109,850 2,233 5,039 — — — 513 12,859 73,863 306,845 402,475 69,435 93,868 282,742 55,971 8,911 123,705 262,345 255,607 26,937 210,693 170,094 — 32,263 — — — 89,721 277,632 — 3,834 1,118 9,665 6,512 30 — 5 — 1,552 9 1,492 54,017 89,854 35,140 — — 1,213 3,278 10,308 980 ^948 156 3,362 32,683 452 — - 23,252 171 1,360 15,891 8,249 86,861 161,883 84,923 1,489 — 11,821 31,242 6,251 1,709,978 4,722,098 5,946,336 3,057,456 2,521,003 99,660 — 746,349 769,329 2,276,235 31,333 33,161 29,967 12,389 68,969 5,160 — 4,448 850,179 157,451 17,167 183,075 184,555 188,921 150,935 5,388 — 259,120 173,682 440,943 139,592 • 350,328 832,451 555,030 253,324 10,929 3,010 39,293 508,898 295,045 1,433,941 1,219,970 612,738 127,848 65,167 289,895 77,472 257,542 331,177 2,044,832 2,935 5,895 14,486 12,450 — — — 46,950 101,304 224,763 69,167 - 182,176 129,402 165,688 39,663 — 17,177 2,602 59,890 7.499 591,605 428,551 142,702 229,070 22,445 2,700 68,073 328,823 — — — — — — — — — — 199 — w _ _ _ — — — — 37 11 — t — — — — — — — 51,876 248,431 . — — — — — — — — 27,876 27,206 — — — — — — ~- — 24,430 -1 — — — — — — — — 9,202 116 Of the Commerce of the United States. STATEMENT OF EXPORTS THE From 1st Oct. From IstOet. From Isl Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. Quantity 1802 to tlie 1803 to the 1804 to the 1805 to the 1806 to the Sl'ECIES OF MEHCHANDISF,. or value. SOtli Sept. SOtli Sent. 30lh Spiit. 30th Sept. 30ih Sept. 1803. 1804. 1805. 1806. 180r. Iron and steel wire not above No. 18 lbs. Coppei' and composition rods and bolts do. — — _ — 1 nails and spikes do. — — — — , Quicksilver do. — — 5,752 144,670 47,939 Ijcad, pigs, bars and sheets, do. — — — — , Paints, ochre, yellow, in oil dry, yellow do. — — 16,234 15,127 1,092 do. — — 37,864 7,400 17,921 Spanish brown white and red lead do. — — 6,394 10,442 11.637 do. — — 48,090 70,244 37,825 Lead, and manufactures of lead do. 61,018 128,178 348,342 327,686 321,487 ' Cordage tarred do. — — 258,700 265,802 189.611 untarred do. — — 8,710 15,840 Cables do. 1,97-4 2,556 2,395 — 29.792 Steel cwt. 624 116 22,226 1,398 41,876 Untarred yarn do. — — 1 — .^ Hemp do. 130 — — — 469 Twine and packthread do. — . — 152 327 339 Cordage and cables tarred lbs. — » ~ 1 . untarred and yarn do. — — _- — -^ Twine do. — — — Duck, Russia pieces — — — .^ ravens do. ^__ — Salt weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — 237,981 860,522 2,230,191 Do. do. 56 lbs. or less bushels 25,548 28,435 11,109 49,582 53,025 Coal (In fiSfi 2,982 1,493 20,000 IS OfiQ 9. Q74 - Fish, foreign caught, dried uu. quintls. oou 63,933 180,569 pickled salmon bbls. — — 1,026 3,595 2,812 mackarel do. — — 2,077 4,385 4,902 all other do. — — 3,022 8,735 13,596 Oil, foreign fishing, spermaceti galls. — — — — — whale and other fish do. — Olive, in casks do. — — — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 4,792 4,568 5,570 windows not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. — — 1,503 416 137 do. not above 10 by 12 do. — — 28 260 24 Cigars 1000 9,396 lbs. 3,945 lbs. 988 2,758 2,S93 Boots pairs 125 189 427 191 O" Shoes & slippers, silk do. ~> ~> 9,891 12,382 16,674 kid, morocco, &c. for men L 853 t 10,606 and women do. 24,806 16,426 20,610 all other, for children do. 2,965 2,793 2,04-t Candles, wax or spermaceti lbs. 1,296 373 2,889 1,466 385 Snuff do. 394 610 9,596 13,207 13,691 Glue do. — — 1,596 1,001 657 Glauber salts cwt. 80 92 347 46 57 Window glass, all above 10 by 12 100 sq.ft. — — — 89 99 Cards, playing Do. wool and cotton packs 5,796 3,024 480 13,330 4,889 doz. — — — 48 : Figs lbs. — — 10,171 40,071 36,389 Starch do. 693 100 170 Iron, anchors and sheet do. 48,487 872 26,243 Tobacco manufactured other tlian snuff and cigars do. — — 127,382 42,999 7,129 Hair powder do. — — 17,568 2,960 432 Seines do. — _ ._ 1,800 — Copper, or brass and copper manufactured dolls. 6,iro 23,325 — — All manufactures of iron do. 20,151 48,664 — i. Medicinal drugs do. 51,860 133,170 — — — Merchandise and all other articles not par ticularly enumerated do. 5,048,193 8,946,490 — — — r Manufactures of steel do. 5,811 8,593 — — -T Alum cwt. — ^ — i— ♦ Copperas Whiting and Paris white do. — „ —^ lbs. """~ ^^ ^^ w Of the Commerce of the United States. PRODUCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES, CONTINUED. 117 From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. 1807 to the 1808 to the 1809 10 the (810 to the 1811 to the 1812 to the 1813 to the 1814 to the 1815 to the 1816 to the 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept 30th Sept. 30th Sent. 3(lth Sept. 30th Sept. 30th Sept. 1808. 1809. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. _ _ ,^_ . _^ __ ^_ 1,061 — — — — — — — — 39,548 »_ .^ — — — — 5,825 _^. 20 3,420 — — — — 74,684 154,337 24,560 ^^ ..^ — — .— — — 32,400 1,217,411 2,509 614 13,000 2,400 — — — 280 3,125 147,570 1,467- 132 618 780 — — i — 63,061 44,825 4,806 12,252 17,081 42,400 8,472 18,000 — — — • 24,996 — 42,008 6,1,54 41,472 30,183 300 5,400 — 3,070 173,084 206,041 19,443 233,045 119,8^2 60,028 5,452 — 10,080 11,604 907,473 834,147 111,952 103,971 172,406 266,389 728,218 — — 99,381 265,426 — »-. 1,767 26,328 597 — — 150,618 242,587 — — — 5,700 13,057 4,140 — — 17,627 87,712 — 553 1,7-68 3,584 2,222 536 129 87 9,518 4,286 3,281 60 1,000 247 ~ 11.695 , , . ,_, ^_ 346 4,482 5 47 193 — — — 9 59 115 „_ .^ 1 , — — — — — .— 449,297 __ , 1 1 . , — . — — — — 75,792 ... .^ _ — — — — — 342 — ._ 1 , — — — — ■— 271 __ ^_ —_ — — — — — 1,720 135,858 970 — — 60 — — — 1,830 — 16,098 581 7,Q57 898 — — — 1,585 4,751 55,441 411 648 , 1,976 — — — 378 — 1,152 55,222 2,727 584 1,496 — 3,594 — 430 2,099 1,672 931 483 234 132 — — — 27 63 243 694 658 585 400 27 — — — 25 — 2,152 62 .50 166 — — — 64 161 177 1 , „__ . __ — — — — 4,839 «— __ — — — — — 16,166 1 , ,^_ — ~ — — 905 3,504 1,185 996 298 863 187 119 19 146 2,426 3,695 9 232 465 418 5 — — 4 — 182 77 245 73 — — 33 100 213 763 691 2,669 5,535 2,373 871 30 7 696 2,419 2,255 ^_ 76 — 115 — — 145 237 271 9,992 4,679 270 982 101 — — •— 2,750 2,466 4,733 4,795 460 1,027 522 — 572 2,289 4,676 2,578 1,620 150 720 — — — — — 150 — 1,648 ,— 256 3,452 1,729 — — — — 10,550 13,009 — 12,182 64 — — — — 428 9,848 _^ 9,882 3,171 — — — — 1,276 — 2 14 49 12 — — — 100 — 25 3 __ 40 34 — — — — — 12 1,728 1,440 600 — — — 3,045 — 1,926 — ^ , — — — — — — 9,7M i„, 21,144 25,348 16,612 210 — — 30,749 2,608 _^ -^ .« 612 30 — — > — 800 5,791 8,767 — • — 72,800 — — — — 97,996 — 3,160 __ .__ _ — — — — 81,351 80,756 1,000 — — ■^ ■^~ ~"~ ■~~ ~~~ — , , _ _ — — — — •" — ... — — — — — — — — — — — — — "^ — — — _ ^_ fc^_ __ _ — — — __ — — — — — — — — — — — -^ — — — ' — — — — — 3 ^^ _ ,— — — — — — 1 — — — — ~'~ ■~~ ^^ — 20,569 12,997,414 20,797,531 24,391,295 16,022,790 8,495,127 2,847,845 145,169 6,583,350 17,138,556 19,358,069 T 118 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. From 1st Oct. 1804 to 30th Sept. 1805. Entitled to Drawback. Not entitled to Drawback. From 1st Oct. 1805 to 30th Sept. 1806. Entitled to Drawback. Not entitled to Drawback. alue of goods fl- ee of duty Uo. at 12i per ceot. duty- Do. 15 do. Do. 174 do. Do. 20 do. Do. 22i do. Do. 27J do. Do. 32i do. Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part, all other Madeira Burgundy, Champaign, &c. sherry and St. Lucar claret, &c. in bottles or cases Lisbon, Oporto, &c. Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. all other Spirits, from grain other materials Molasses Beer, ale, porter and cider Teas, bohea souchong and other black hyson, imperial, &c. other green Coflfee Cocoa Sugar, brown white, clayed or powdered candy loaf and other refined Almonds Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel all other Candles, tallow wax or spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper Chocolate Pewter plates and dishes Seines Hemp dolls, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. gallons do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. cwt. 7,090,600 727',762 43,382 46,617 61,379 245 27,503 252,557 65,110 184,506 2,572,950 237,392 1,408,982 20,640 41,615 91,055 853,077 259,456 382,518 44,881,367 2,280,285 91,345,257 20,319,150 28,436 37,316 40,749 8,070 167,905 131,297 36,723 1,766 380,439 1,063,853 3,631 771 928 13,244 14,169 5,368,344 1,800 1,641,725 4,711,286 860,039 46,564 7,256 11,384 1,060 9,374 50,230 4,208 20,073 205,328 43,399 122,443 27,834 19,156 7,904 73,681 72,712 48,485 1,878,927 145,395 4,273,059 6,841,899 941 251 21,116 10,661 2,101 40,057 21,736 1,473 1,123 15,681 261,403 5,335 812 500 3,465 17,038 2,190,880 8,884,577 1,189,593 47,298 38,131 22,878 1,214 27,077 174,918 1,326 266,009 2,853,263 91,734 1,032,739 25,120 31,195 4,435 1,110,503 176,918 431,574 45,961,165 6,317,644 103,986,101 37,846,068 1,107 99,652 69,898 32,672 41,534 14.841 132,884 342 307,953 1,844,648 352,168 15,260 20,205 16,985 25,726 2,813,001 1,073 172 2,383,910 5,109,700 886,008 70,391 2,619 284 110 23,782 20,955 2,010 28,456 107,177 22.621 219,466 28.678 9.135 6.558 99.805 99,523 72.891 1,040,497 529,114 2,263,296 1,532,569 1,700 21,910 4,395 8.540 7.399 36,513 56,741 5,548 1.124 12,754 52,299 43,380 6,163 11,082 2,326 23,960 1,298,982 530 Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback. H9 From From Quantity 1st Oct. 1804 to 30th Sept. 1805. 1st Oct. 1805 to 30th Sept. 1806. «PECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to or vafue. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Cards, wool and cotton dozen • 48 Pimento lbs. 147,955 889 59,510 1.497 Chinese cassia do. 282,517 127,670 68,309 23,943 Tobacco manufactured other than snuff and clears do. 1,104 126,278 7,449 35,550 Snuif do. 7,998 1,598 8,291 4,916 Indigo do. 295,765 62,749 305,042 52,497 Cotton do. 1,712,121 280,223 1,447,430 386,387 Powder, hair do. 17,318 250 2,365 595 gun do. 70,569 72,830 66,965 19,040 Starch do. 567 126 100 Glue do. 289 1,307 470 531 Iron, anchors and sheet do. 1,372 47,115 — 872 slit and hoop do. 25,403 38,477 69,941 71,604 Nails do. 527,126 99,601 1,153,289 109,546 Spikes do. 9,786 1,426 6,383 6,603 Quicksilver do. 1,050 4,702 144,670 — : Faints, ochre, yellow in oil do. 4,985 11,249 1,141 13,986 dry yellow do. 34,839 3,025 6,496 904 Spanish brown wnite and red lead do. 3,219 3,175 — 10,442 do. 35,251 12,839 26,060 44,184 Lead and manufactures of lead do. 58,023 290,319 261,052 65,932 Cordage tarred do. 190,575 68,125 179,109 86,693 untarred do. 7,193 1,517 — 15,840 Cables do. 2,395 1 Steel cwt. 22,226 1,101 297 Untarred yarn do. 1 ^^ _ .^_ Twine and pack-thread do. 49 103 233 94 Glauber salts do. 3 344 —. 46 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. 217,065 20,916 807,943 52,579 Do. do. 56 lbs. or less bushels 8,559 2,550 45,456 4.127 Coal do. 500 993 8,272 10.716 Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. 2,125 17,875 — 63,933 pickled salmon barrels 130 896 3,595 mackarel do. — 2,077 ^ 4,385 all other do. 126 2,896 .^ 8,735 Glass, black quart bottles groce 3,996 796 3,681 887 Window not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 1,065 438 271 145 do. 10 by 12 do. 27 1 156 104 all above 10 by 12 do. — 76 13 Cigars 1000 324 664 1,739 1,019 Foreign lime, 60 gallons per cask casks 15 — 42 Boots pairs 296 131 141 50 Shoes and slippers, silk do. 4,442 5,449 8,060 4,322 kid, morocco & all otter for men & women do. 14,235 10,571 14,176 2,250 all other for children do. 2,711 254 2,590 203 Cards, playing packs — 480 3,724 9,606 Value of the merchandise exported, Dolls. 42,119,498 11,059,521 49,334,739 10,948,497 Total value exported in each year. 53,179,019 60,2 B3.236 120 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. Value of goods free of duty Do. at 12^ per cent, duty Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 15 in 20 22J 27J 32^ do. do. do. do. do. do. Wines, Malmsey, Madeira, and London part. all other Madeira Burgundy, Champaign. &c. sherry and St. Lucar claret, &c. in bottles or cases Lisbon, Oporto, &c. Teneriflfe, Fayal, &c. all other Spirits, from grain from other materials Molasses Beer, ale, porter and cider Teas, bohea souchong and other black hyson, imperial, &c. other green Coffee Cocoa Sugar, brown white, clayed or powdered candy loaf and other refined Almonds Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs Raisins in jars, boxes, and musoadel all other Candles, tallow wax or spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper Chocolate Pewter plates and dishes Seines Hemp dolls. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. gallons do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. cwt. From 1st Oct. 1806 to 30th Sept. 1807. Entitled to Drawback. 9,576,867 1,388,408 82,084 35,200 31,071 2,347 47,389 482,601 17,732 163,389 2,187,177 225,597 1,181,048 27,587 22,503 112,870 830,413 512,207 882,049 23,246,973 7,831,369 102,102,878 34,307,432 204,519 52,846 26,517 31,548 154,037 239,095 294,094 355 563,406 1,363,210 110,912 6,997 7,577 8,246 31,977 3,351,594 736 Not entitled to Drawback. 2,080,114 4,558,068 808,975 69,997 11,181 2,480 238 6,394 30,524 10,118 35,597 117,037 10,197 205,285 13,360 3,273 2,045 95,656 97,112 130,709 875,600 709,155 3,619,003 3,090,292 41,213 2,749 11,060 4,841 64,894 50,112 7,376 30 15,767 60,155 5,555 431 1,893 1,118 5,328 855,572 469 From lat Oct. 1807 to 30th Sei)t. 1808 Entitled to Drawback. 2,519,572 419,887 10,733 8,966 3,769 709 4,523 129,768 5,317 44,966 858,052 41,984 130,849 6,545 1,688 3,167 95,806 53,238 74,348 6,472,691 1,712,292 20,206,512 7,433,465 62,953 9,554 2,105 9,701 28,826 28,000 92,378 1,648 190,568 301,030 24,956 573 13,107 1,351,144 3,000 Not entitled to Drawback. 1,094,576 335,198 13,424 152 378 752 11,520 2,999 8,428 106,782 3,752 53,407 792 846 3,738 2,935 3,805 852,757 184,698 629,063 693,487 19,188 13,311 1,396 21,384 1,162 100 3,825 5,815 1,981 9 407 2,784 358,834 60 Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 121 From From "Quantity l8t Oct. 1806 to SOthSepLlSOr. 1st Oct. 1807 to 30th Sept 1808. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to OP value. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Cards, wool and cotton dozens _ ^.^ _ Pimento lbs. 666,057 8,832 27,769 3,564 Chinese cassia do. 73,879 23,327 12,787 4,380 Tobacco manufactured other than snuff and cigars do. 6,129 1,000 1,943 1,217 Snuff do. 11,841 1,850 12,603 406 Indigo do. 805,470 58,675 132,675 6,917 Cotton do. 1,910,227 758,051 1,375,653 58,288 Powder, hair do. 432 — — 1,000 gun do. 41,625 52,028 2,000 925 Starch do. 170 — — — Glue do. 657 — — ^ Iron, anchors and sheet do. — 26,242 4,453 4,314 slit and hoop do. 171,469 41,373 61,359 7,808 Nails do. 772,671 179,879 512,079 79,190 Spikes do. — 2,628 — 336 Quicksilver do. 41,526 6,406 — — Paints, ochre, yellow in oil do. 202 890 2,509 -^ dry yellow do. 7,858 10,063 67 1,400 Spanish brown wnite and red lead do. 8,010 3,627 8,906 3,346 do. 17,304 20,52i 26,165 15,843 Lead and manufactures of lead do. 314,070 7,417 16,560 2,883 Cordage tarred do. 168,904 20,707 100,752 11,200 untarred do. — — — — Cables do. 18,574 11,218 — — Steel cwt. 14,581 27,295 539 14 Untarred yarn do. — — — — Twine and pack-thread do. — 339 4,480 2 Glauber salts do. — 57 — 2 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. 2,108,889 121,302 135.858 — Do. do. 56 lbs. or less bushels 48,738 4,287 15,507 591 Coal do. 4,430 4,544 200 211 Fish, foreign caught, dried quint'ls — 180,569 — 55,222 pickled salmon barrels — 2,812 — 931 mackarel do. — 4,902 — 694 all other do. — 13,596 —^ 2,152 Glass, black quart bottles groce 3,959 1,611 1,144 41 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 69 68 *_ 9 Do. 10 by 12 do. 21 3 ._ 3 all above 10 by 12 100 sq. ft 97 2 — 3 Cigars 1000 1,862 531 620 71 Foreign lime, 60 gallons per cask casks — — — Boots pairs 27 — __ Shoes and slippers, silk do. 14,646 2,028 9,932 60 kid, morocco & all other for men & women . do. 18,099 2,511 4,451 282 all other for children do. 1,944 600 1,464 156 Cards, playing packs 289 4,600 1,728 Value of the merchandise exported. Dolls. 48,205,943 11,437,615 10,163,127 2,834,287 Total value exported in each year. Dolls. 59,643,558 12,997.414 u 122 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign From From Quantity latOet. 1808 to 30th Sept. 1809. Ut Oct 1809 to 30tb Sept. 1810. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to or value. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Value of goods free of duty dolls. - 543,242 1,322,023 Do. at 12^ per cent. do. 3,054,643 1,340,730 — — Do. 15 do. do. 515,417 398,212 3,492,359 2,396,109 Do, iri do. do. — — 280,226 412,061 Do. 20 do. do. 17,149 20,274 — — Do. 22§ do. do. — 19,250 28,906 Do. Z7h do. do. ^_ »« _^ __ Do. 32^ do. do. ^_ , , _ Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London, part. gallons 5,033 1,215 15,778 16,816 all other Madeira do. 12,641 1,388 5,950 5,147 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 40 20 — 179 sherry and St. Lucar do. 3,722 1,011 21,070 4,844 claret, &c. in bottles or cases do. 60,753 9,430 4,448 4,485 Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. 6,845 3,731 10,552 954 Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. do. 33,165 1,507 58,175 5,622 all other do. 431,586 49,525 77,783 7,120 Spirits, from grain do. 26,078 8,087 4,105 2,810 other materials do. 202,504 29,754 94,134 21,951 Molasses do. 30,412 3,531 37,875 2,370 Beer, ale, porter and cider do. 4,122 180 — 450 Teas, bohea lbs. 63,371 1,081 135,926 19,457 souchong and other black do. 975,375 117,804 382,094 154,216 hyson, imperial, &c. do. 259,984 84,887 231,246 117,768 other green do. 248,679 19,435 172,356 124,669 Coffee do. 22,827,526 1,536,573 25,938,230 5,485,247 Cocoa do. 1,844,077 185,259 1,095,589 190,421 Sugar, brown do. 25,094,506 2,482,885 23,664,587 4,870,907 white, clayed or powdered do. 16,548,416 1,136,946 15,664,644 2,823,864 candy do. 760 — — — loaf and other refined do. 33,825 — — Almonds do. 64,983 18,002 27,384 20,964 Currants do. 6,800 1,876 75,493 3,313 Prunes and plumbs do. — 376 5,198 5,027 Figs do. — — 17,583 3,561 Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel do. 6,099 18,948 122,456 38,853 all other do. 13,488 8,897 485,093 13,180 Candles, tallow do. 52,533 1,230 2,548 — wax or spermaceti do. — — — 256 Cheese do. 107,472 2,378 1,850 383 Soap Tallow do. 353,878 48,597 54,323 15,112 do. 210,693 — 170,094 — Spices, mace do. 3,794 40 509 609 nutmegs do. 1,155 337 49,093 4,924 cinnamon do. — 948 100 56 cloves do. 6,769 1,480 72,423 14,438 pepper do. 4,356,900 365,198 4,839,679 1,106,657 Chocolate do. — 1,000 — — Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — — Seines lbs. , — — ' — Hemp cwt. 622 378 2 — Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 123 From From Quantity 1st Oct, 1808 to 30th Sept. 1809. 1st Oct. 1809 to 30tli Sept. 1810. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to or value. Drawbaok. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Cards, wool and cotton ' dozens _ _ _^ _ Pimento lbs. 21,344 11,817 25,396 4,571 Chinese cassia do. 155,294 27,781 114,220 70,335 Tobacco manufactured other than snufF and cigars do. — — 12,182 — SnuflF do. — — — — Indigo do. 329,697 \ 20,631 574,995 257,456 Cotton do. 1,050,663 196,307 548,478 64,260 Powder, hair do. — — — — gun do. 4,895 1,000 12,234 2,252 Starch do. — — — — Glue do. — — 8,882 1.000 Iron, anchors and sheet do. — - — — — slit and hoop do. 140,062 42,114 22,662 106,740 Nails do. 339,503 89,048 73,656 59,850 Spikes do. — ■— 9,196 — Quicksilver do. — 20 3,420 — Paints, ochre, yellow in oil do. — 614 — 618 dry yellow do. — 132 — 13,000 Spanish brown do. — 17,681 42,400 — White and red lead do. 3,000 3,154 19,615 21,857 Lead and manufactures of lead do. 217',983 15,062 38,155 81,707 Cordage, tarred do. 102,360 1,611 156,763 15,643 untarred do. — — 1,667 1,100 Cables do. 5,7-00 — — — Steel cwt. 1,535 233 2,409 1,175 Untarred yarn do. — — — — Twine and pack thread do. — 5 30 17 Glauber salts do. 6 8 9 40 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. 970 — — — Do. do. 56 lbs. or less bushels — 581 — 7,657 Coal do. — 648 — Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — 2,727 — 584 pickled salmon barrels — 483 — 234 mackarel do. — 658 — 585 all other do. — 62 — 50 Glass, black quart bottles groce 706 290 196 102 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 177 55 426 39 Do. 10 by 12 do. 32 45 147 98 all above 10 by 12 100 sq. ft. — — 40 — Cigars 1000 2,492 177 3,968 1,567 Foreign lime, 60 gallons per cask casks — — — — Boots pairs 76 — — — Shoes and slippers, silk do. 3,856 823 120 150 kid, morocco, & all other for men & women do. 3,021 1,774 360 100 all other for children do. 150 — 720 — Cards, playing packs ' ' ~~ .« 1,440 Value of the merchandise exported. Dolls. 17,180,434 3,617,097 16,879,257 7,512,038 Total value exported in each year. Dolls, 20,797,531 24,39 1,295 124 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. Value of goods free of duty Do. at 12| per cent, duty Do. 15 do. Do. 174 Do. 20 do. do. Do. 224 Do. 274 Do. 32* do. do. do. Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. all other Madeira Burgundy, Champaign, &c. sherry and St. Lucar claret, &c. in bottles or cases Lisbon, Oporto, &c. Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. all other Spirits, from grain other materials Molasses Beer, ale, porter and cider Teas, bohea souchong and other black hyson, imperial, &c. other green Coflfee Cocoa Sugar, brown white, clayed or powdered candy loaf and other refined Almonds Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel all other Candles, tallow wax or spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper Chocolate Pewter plates and dishes Seines Hemp dolls. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. gallons ^do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. lbs. cwt. From 1st Oct. 1810 to 30th Sept 1811. Entitled to Drawback. 3,257,528 258,099 19,691 15,322 4,621 392 7,512 1,141 43,510 205,993 5,653 101,514 14,470 2,878 351,905 302,805 190,369 117,620 9,756,356 1,699,752 4,081,721 11,335,229 600 4,699 350 20,386 34,516 29,263 26,100 3,452 4,814 69,510 9,631 88,891 274 118,226 2,918,618 30 Not entitled to Drawback. 1,495,984 2,674,034 412,544 34,306 8,824 5,032 309 168 5,180 8,562 2,651 35,304 2,565 7,056 4,367 866 1,713 1,797 31,071 28.682 504,780 521,690 1,108,164 1,741,547 1,086 2,992 2,831 1,500 4,962 9,511 3,720 225 24,358 34 963 3,088 43,657 138,838 From 1st Oct. 1811 to 30th Sept 1813. Entitled to Drawback. 1,506,337 120,836 2,949 3,855 6,039 23,496 18,319 32,735 180,144 2,544 22,032 4,930 25,269 389,938 11,223 37,054 9,185,303 668,793 3,003,682 9,129,190 20,727 1,244 8,914 21,398 16,770 5,579 1,729 277,023 32,263 6,164 34,439 29,360 64,751 2,394,462 9,869 Not entitled to Drawback. 586,180 707,977 174,926 5,997 2.255 3,250 3,493 16 596 29,496 7,474 5,845 3,071 59 5,569 46,602 3,548 888,419 83,355 229,633 1,564,772 26,947 7,698 3,993 417 2,562 5,719 348 701 3,323 20,172 126,541 1,826 Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 125 From From Quantity or value. Ist Oet. 1810 to 30th Sept. 1811. 1st Oct. 1811 to 30th Sept 1812. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to EnUtled to Not entitled to Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Cards, wool and cotton dozens Pimento lbs. 8,275 4,114 46,682 22,287 Chinese cassia do. 131,921 57,000 104,544 46,391 Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — — Snuff do. 64 .^ — _ Indigo do. 529,263 25,767 203,098 30,226 Cotton do. 126,886 962 65,167 Powder, hair do. — — — — gun do. — 12,450 — — Starch do. 612 __ 30 ^_ Glue do. 3,171 — .^ Iron, anchors and sheet do. 72,800 — _ slit and hoop do. 87,608 78,080 18,128 21,535 Nails do. 118,659 110,411 20,596 1,849 Spikes do. — — — — Quicksilver do. _— — _« Paints, ochre, yellow, in oil do. — 2,400 — _ dry yellow do. — 780 — — Spanish brown white and red lead do. — 8,472 13,478 4,522 do. 5,517 24,666 — 300 Lead and manufactures of lead do. 15,963 44,065 3,710 ■ 1,742 Cordage, tarred do. 173,172 93,217 583,932 144,286 untarred do. 20,588 5,740 597 Cables do. 13,057 — 4,140 Steel cwt. 1,818 404 338 198 Untarred yarn do. 1 , 1 1. Twine and pack thread do. 176 17 — , Glauber salts do. 12 — , „ . Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — 60 Do. do. 56 lbs. or less bushels 898 — Coal do. — 1,976 — — Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. 1,496 — ^.^ pickled salmon barrels _ 132 — ^_ mackarel do. _.. 400 — 27 all other do. ^^ 166 Glass, black quart bottles groce 217 646 158 29 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 284 134 5 Do. 10 by 12 do. 32 41 , all above 10 by 12 do. 20 14 ^_ Cigars 1000 2,189 184 743 128 Foreign lime, 60 gallons per cask casks — — — Boots pairs — — 115 , 1 , Shoes and slippers, silk do. 422 560 101 ^—m kid, morocco & all other for men & women do. 757 270 191 331 all other for children do. ._ «_ Cards, playing packs — ' 600 — — Value of the merchandise exported. Dolls. 10,488,579 5,534,211 6,352,469 2,142,658 Total value exported in each year. Dolls. 16,022,790 8,49; ),127 126 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign From From Quantity or value. 1st Oct 1812 to 30th Sept 1813. 1st Oct. 1813 to 30th Sept 1814. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to drawback. drawback. drawback. drawback. Value of goods free of duty dolls. _ 57,604 • 953 Do. at 12^ per cent, duty do. — — — — Do. 15 do. do. 50,656 80,754 — 4,564 Do. 17i do. do. 13,309 9,163 — — Do. 20 do. do. — — Do. 22J do. do. 44 616 — — Do. 27i do. do. 36,910 24,446 10,184 14,063 Do. 32§ do. do. 4,972 2,241 370 11,275 Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. gallons 767 215 103 2 all other Madeira do. 53 — — Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 119 — — — sherry and St. Lucar do. 29 800 — — claret, in bottles or cases do. 5,769 1,012 1,907 240 Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. — — — — Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. do. 1,191 — r — . — all other do. 68,647 22,841 15,394 130 Spirits, from grain , ^ do. 1,053 — — — other materials do. 21,113 7,172 5,598 198 Molasses do. 994 315 '— — Beer, ale, porter and cider do. — , — — — Teas, bohea lbs. / ^— — — — — souchong and other black do. — — — . .— • hyson, imperial, &c. do. — 129 — — other green do. — — — - — CoflFee do. 6,252,368 316,159 220,594 5 Cocoa do. 85,340 22,848 27,386 — Sugar, brown white, clayed or powdered do. ^,556,698 922,628 362 — do. 2,996,053 141,909 400 — candy do. — ' ■' ■ — — — loaf and other refined do. — — — — Almonds do. 11,077 — 1,384 — Currants do. — — — — Prunes and plumbs do. — — — — Figs Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel do. — - 210 — — do. — — — 2,500 all other do. — — — — Candles, tallow do. — — — — wax or spermaceti do. — — — — Cheese do. — — — — Soap Tallow do. 22,090 ,881 8,649 262 do. — — — — Spices, mace do. — 30 — — nutmegs do. — — — — cinnamon do. — 452 — — cloves do. 593 896 — — pepper do. 98,901 759 — — Chocolate do. •— ~-^ •^ ^— Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — — Seines do. — ^— — — Hemp cwt. — " ■^ — " "~" Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to^ and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 127 From From 1 Quantity or value. Ist Oct 1S12 to 3Uth Sept. 1813. Ist Oct 1813 to 30tb Sept.1814. SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Cards, wool and cotton dozen __ ,^^ _ Pimento lbs. — 5,160 — — Chinese cassia do. 5,388 — — Tobacco manufactured other than snuff and cigars do. — — — — Snuff do. — « — — Indigo do. 5,058 5,871 3,010 — Cotton do. 289,422 473 77,472 — Powder, hair do. — — — — gun do. — — — — Starch do. — — Glue do. __ — — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 1 — — ' — — slit and hoop do. _ — — , — Nails do. 2,700 — 66,09.1 17,177 Spikes do. — — — 1,982 Quicksilver do. — — — — Paints, ochre, yellow in oil do. — — — — dry yellow do. — — — — Spanish brown white and red lead do. .— — — do. 5,400 — — Lead and manufactures of lead do. — — 10,080 Cordage tarred do. — - — _ — untarred do. — _ .». __ Cables do. ._ __ ^-. Steel cwt. 129 87 Untarred yarn Twine and pack thread do. ___ ^^ _^ do. — , «__ Glauber salts do. __ ^^ ___ Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per busel Do. do. 56 lbs. or less lbs. _ .^ 1 1 ^_ bushels ». ___ , ___ Coal do. _-. __ , ___ Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. 2,166 1,428 ^_ pickled salmon barrels — — *» — mackarel do. ^^ , __ all other do. _ _« . ^_ Glass, black quart bottles groce 91 28 19 ^_ window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. — — __ Do. 10 by 12 do. 1 all above 10 by 12 do. — — _ ,, _, 33 Cigars 1000 30 _ 7,000 __ Foreign lime, 60 gallons per cask casks • — ~- Boots pairs _ 1 Shoes and slippers, silk do. _ _^ 1 kid, morocco & all other for men & women do. 572 , all other for children do. » -_ „ Cards, playing packs — — — — Value of the merchandise exported. Dolls. 2,394,952 452,893 109,276 35,893 Total value exported in each year. Dolls. 2,847,845 145,169 128 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign From From Quantity or value. 1st Oct. 1814 to 30th Sept. 1815. Ist Oct. 1815 to 30th Sept. 1816. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Value of goods free of duty dolls. 758,869 1,448,548 Do. 7^ per cent, duty do. — — 9,822 3,350 Do. 15 do. dov ._ — 35,408 7,224 Do. 20 do. do. — — 33,991 15,601 Do. 25 do. do. 490,523 796,334 2,997,330 1,365,457 Do. 27J do. ■ do. 31,440 149,052 — — Do. 30 do. do. 97,331 334,675 509,633 536,685 Do. 32| do. do. 16,053 2,056 _ Do. 33| do. do. — — 11.727 Do. 40 do. do. 11,166 7,442 48,223 31,142 Do. 42§ do. do. 273 318 .^ ^_ Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. gallons 5,555 303 6,026 1,235 all other Madeira do. 41,417 — 6,677 955 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 30 — 1,311 20 sherry and St. Lucar do. — _ 26,998 5,929 claret, &c. in bottles or cases do. 5,845 1,437 18,613 4,222 Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. 170 1,526 47,393 3,359 Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. do. — 60 101,290 16,720 all other do. 120,070 14,880 481,191 28,054 Spirits, from grain do. 36,952 31,693 ' 150,889 10,727 other materials do. 40,516 8,328 766,595 90,042 Molasses do. 9,032 2,196 24,093 4,915 Beer, ale and porter do. 705 2,776 2,625 1,967 Do. do. do. in bottles do. ^_« _ Teas, bohea lbs. ^^ 301,360 2,777 souchong and other black do. 69,273 10,360 137,380 10,293 hyson, imperial, &c. do. 15,262 2,701 10,806 1,122 other green do. 30,607 — 15,251 4,971 Coffee do. 5,993,112 1,508,272 8,342,212 606,501 Cocoa do. 168,802 893,780 343,266 88,305 Sugar, brown do. 1,401,655 1,126,669 14,313,253 1,045,808 white, clayed or powdered do. 653,471 5,853 2,012,597 147,808 loaf do. 785 205 3,537 250 other refined and lump do. 80 — 201.514 candy do. — — — ■ , Almonds do. — 15,080 25,728 562 Fruits, currants do. 146,867 36,844 280,403 6,094 prunes and plumbs do. — 44 42,408 figs do. — — 29,563 1,186 raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel do. — 106 137,618 28,773 all other do. 1,182 590 152,608 23,877 Candles, tallow do. 21,869 700 4,377 470 wax or spermaceti do. . — — — Cheese do. 513 — 11,059 1,800 Soap do. 110,245 13,460 231,745 30,600 Tallow do. — — 62,372 27,349 Spices, mace do. — 5 — nutmegs do. 771 442 3,185 93 cinnamon do. 11,470 11,782 — , 171 cloves do. 4,269 7,552 17,099 14,143 pepper do. 499,702 246,647 741,561 27,768 ] (imento do. 4,403 45 830,184 19,995 1 !:!hinese cassia do. 58,742 200,378 141,387 32,295 Oil, foreign fishing, spermaceti whale and other fish gallons — — — do. — — -_ . . Copper and composition rods and bolts Indigo lbs. — — — __ do. 21,223 18,070 412,143 96,755 Cotton do. 51,066 206,476 300,293 30,884 Quicksilver do. 59,934 14,570 109,254 45,083 Powder, gun do. 20,925 . 26,025 77,676 23,628 Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 129 From From Quantity or value. 1st Oct. 18U to 30th Sept. 1815. iBt Oct 1815 to 30th Sept. 1816. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Entitled to Not entitled to Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Drawback. Copper nails and spikes lbs. Tobacco, manufactured other than snuff and cigars do. — — 16,847 64,504 Snuff do. — 428 — Starch do. — — — 800 Glue do. — — 1,276 Iron, slit and hoop do. — 2,602 49,641 10,249 iron and steel wire, not above No. 18 do. _— . ._ ^_, anchors and sheet do. — — 97,996 anchors cwt. — — 37 bar do. .^ 199 ,^ bars and bolts rolled do. _ »_ _ , other than rolled do. — — __ —, nails do. 70,260 258,088 21,655 30,121 spikes do. 97 378 27,876 — Paints, ochre yellow in oil lbs. — 280 _ 3.125 dry yellow do. 63,061 — 39,447 5,378 Spanish brown whiting and Paris white do. — — 24,596 400 do. — — M_ white and red lead do. 1,960 1,110 142,150 30,934 Lead, pig, bars and sheets do. — — 32,400 — Do. and manufactures of do. 7,227 4,377 859,594 47,879 Cordage, tarred do. 98,278 1,103 241.520 23,906 untarred do. 127,361 23,257 26,807 15,780 and cables, tarred do. — — — — Twine do. — 342 Cordage, untarred, and yarn do. — — — — Cables do. 8,326 9,301 47,550 40.162 Steel • cwt. 256 9,262 3,990 296 Hemp do. — __ __ Twine and pack-thread do. 9 — 56 3 Glauber salts do. 97 3 420 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — 330 1,500 Do. do. 56 lbs. or less do. bushels — 1,585 — 4,751 Coal do. — 378 ^— Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. 287 143 2,099 pickled salmon barrels — 27 _ 63 Do. mackafel do. — — — , 25 all other do. 64 —^ 65 96 Glass, black quart bottles groce 110 36 1,788 638 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. — 4 — _ 10 by 12 do. 100 — 17 196 all above 10 by 12 do. — — — Cigars 1000 531 165 1,970 449 Boots pairs 145 — 157 80 Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — 2,750 kid, morocco, &c. do. 985 1,304 3,746 930 all other do. — __ 150 Cards, playing packs 68 2,977 — Olive oil, in casks gallons — — 905 _ Chocolate lbs. — — — 1,395 Alum cwt. — — — _ Copperas do. — — — Duck, Russia pieces — — — ravens do. ■~ ' ^^ Total value. Dolls. 3,526,597 3,056,753 12,782,038 4,356,518 Of the Commerce of the United States, Statement of the Exports, the Produce of Foreign From Qnantity or value. lat Oct 1816 to 30th Sept. 1817. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to Drawback. Drawback. Value of goods free of duty dolls. _ 800,812 Do. 7| per cent duty do. 55.622 10,111 Do. 15 do. do. 1,084,920 254,755 Do. 20 do. do. 670,809 126,957 Do. 25 do. do. 4,464,380 856,671 Do. 27J do. do. __ Do. 30 do. do. 669,892 138,983 Do. 32J do. do. — Do. 33^ do. do. 326,285 89,439 Do. 40 do. do. 46,183 21,677 Do. 42i do. do. _ Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. gallons 17,571 1,159 all other Madeira do. ■ Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 1,559 1,072 sherry and St. Lucar do. 65,107 3,852 claret, &c. in bottles or cases do. 25,167 4,964 Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. 46,272 6,373 Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. do. 77,114 33,517 all other do. 436,965 19,046 Spirits, from grain do. 48,812 5,634 from other materials do. 262,773 40,649 Molasses do. 9,676 4,781 Beer, ale and porter do. 4,432 1,711 Do. do. do. in bottles do. 2,090 970 Teas, bohea lbs. 102,408 983 souchong and other black do. 237,504 35.817 hyson, imperial, &c. do. 136,166 10,368 other green do. 393,657 . 800 Cofifee do. 8,935,702 1,094,370 Cocoa do. 704,848 276,056 Sugar, brown do. 14,608,917 1,267,351 white, clayed or powdered do. 3,539,826 743.554 loaf do. 11,680 718 other refined and lump do. — — candy do. 23,039 83 Almonds do. 4,070 1,065 Fruits, currants do. 80 6,359 )runes and plumbs :igs do. 21,281 750 do. 2,330 278 raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel do. 13,269 7,076 all other do. 8,312 Candles, tallow do. 37,000 — wax and spermaceti do. 10,550 — Cheese do. 69,449 4,414 Soap Tallow do. 231,356 24,251 do. 274,048 3.584 •Spices, mace do. 1,361 191 nutmegs do. 9,844 464 cinnamon do. 800 560 cloves do. 5,383 868 pepper do. 2,063,516 212,719 pimento Chinese cassia do. 154,182 3,269 do. 402,529 38,414 Oil, foreign fishing, spermaceti wha e and other fish gallons 4,839 — do. 6,936 3,230 Copper and composition rods and bolts lbs. — 39,548 Indigo do. 274,545 20,499 Cotton do. 1,995,712 49,120 Quicksilver do. 24,560 — Powder, gun do. 200,493 24,270 Of the Commerce of the United States. Countries, entitled to, and not entitled to Drawback, continued. 131 From Quantilj 1st Oct. 1816 to .30th Sept. 1817. SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Entitled to Not entitled to or value. Drawback. Drawback. Copper nails and spikes lbs. 1,063 4,762 Tobacco manufactured other than snuff and cigars do. — 80,756 SnuflF do. 8,748 1,100 Starch do. 5,791 — Glue do. — — Iron, slit and hoop do. 126,448 713,440 and steel wire, not above No. 18. do. 61,061 — anchors and sheet do. — — anchors cwt. 11 — bar do. — — bars and bolts rolled do. 23,164 1,266 other than rolled do. 8,060 1,142 nails do. 213,406 35,025 spikes do. 27,006 — Paints, ochre yellow in oil do. 1,305 3,501 dry yellow do. 124,117 23,453 Spanish brown wniting and Paris white do. do. 20,569 — white and red lead do. 185,219 20,822 Lead, pig, bars and sheets do. 1,188,693 28,718 do. and manufactures of do. 803,971 30,176 Cordage, tarred do. — — untarred do. .__ and cables tarred do. 436,803 12,494 Twine do. , Cordage, untarred, and yarn do. 74,492 1,300 Cables do. , Steel cwt. 2,278 1,003 Hemp do. 346 , Twine and pack-thi-ead do. 12,861 lbs. ..« Glauber salts do. 25 ^__ Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel Do. do. 56 lbs. or less do. lbs. ^ ■B^ bushels 44.105 11,336 Coal do. 1,152 ,^_ Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — 1,672 pickled salmon barrels 243 Do. mackarel do. __ _^_ all other do. __ 177 Glass, black quart bottles groce 3,442 253 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. 156 26 Do. not above 10 by 12 do. 300 463 Do. all above 10 by 12 do. 12 Cigars 1000 1,850 405 Boots pairs 271 « Shoes and slippers, silk do. 2,466 _ kid, morocco, &c. do. 2,504 , 1 , all other do. ..^ Cards, playing packs 1,926 - , , Olive oil, in casks 'allons 3,044 460 Chocolate lbs. » 100 Alum cwt. 3 Copperas do. — 1 Duck, Russia pieces 1,175 213 ravens do. 1,319 401 Total value. Dolls. 16,086,146 3,271,923 132 Of the Commerce of the United States. A SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AND DESTINATION «, From Aug. IZSglFrom 1st Oet ] From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct to the 30th Sept. 1790 to the 30th 1791 to the 30th 1792 to the 30th 1790. Sept. 1791. Sept. 1792. Sept. 1793. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Total Talue to Total value to Total value to Total value to each Power. each Power. each Power. each Power. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Russia ' — 3,570 4,669 5,769 Prussia __ »-, ..» -— Sweden SwedisR West Indies ■ 47,240 ■ 21,866 - 166,146 X 310,427 Denmark and Norway 1 - J T Danish West Indies ^ 224,415 > 277,273 > 573,890 S- 870,508 Do. East do. J J United Netherlands 1 1 \ Dutch West Indies and American Colonies y 1,925,980 > 1,634,825 W 2,402,180 \. 3,169,536 Do. East Indies J J J Flanders 14,298 ■ — J England, Man and Berwick - Scotland Ireland Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Alderney Gibraltar British African ports > 9,246,562 > 7,953,418 > 8,192,328 . 8,431,239 Do. East Indies Do. West do. Newfoundland and British Fisheries British American Colonies Other British Colonies Hamburg, Bremen and Hanse Towns, &c. 478,050 ' 426,269 ' 116,071 ' 1,805,884 French European ports on the Atlantic "\ ~ > Do. West Indies and American Colonies Do. Ports on the Mediterranean > 4,668,902 > 4,298,762 > 5,674,630 > 7,050,498 Bourbon, Mauritius and French East Indies and French African ports Spanish European ports on the Atlantic S " Do. do. Mediterranean Teneriffe and other Canaries , Manilla and the Phillippine Islands Floridas Honduras, Campeachy and Mosquitoe shore > 1,989,421 > 1,301,286 > 1,769,618 > 2,237,950 Spanish West Indies and American Colonies Portugal "^ ■\ - Madeira Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verd Islands > 1,283,462 > 1,039,696 > 1,018,643 > 997,590 Other African ports Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies Italy — 31,726 126,207 220,688 Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic — Turkey, Levant and Egypt — . Morocco and Barbary States — 3,660 2,877 2,094 Cape of Good Hope ^ China — .^ »__ ^ Asia generally ^^ East Indies do. — — .^ 135,181 318,628 285,879 253,131 West Indies do. — 59,434 229,496 399,559 Europe do. — — — Africa do. 139,984 168,477 209,910 251,343 Mediterranean do. 41,298 ,—. ,. South Seas . . North West Coast of America 10,362 3,380 2,483 1,586 Europe, the West Indies for a market and uncertain — - 29,274 16,630 3,986 Grand Total in dollars 20,205,156 17,571,551 (s« 21,917,657 26,011,788 (35) The amounts in this column arc estimated on the average of the two years 1791 and 1793 j the original returns are lost. In the general Statement p. 93, this amount is returned at 20,753,098 dollars. Of the Commerce of the United States. OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. 133 From 1st Oct. 1793tothe3Uth Sept. 1794. From 1st Oct. 1794 to the 30th SepL 1795. Total vnlue to each I'ower. Dolls. 90,388 320,312 1,136,958 5,341,357 > 7,158,183 3,992,982 > 4,967,799 > 3.749,978 > 992,561 200,843 57,827 248,157 994,118 177,643 5,383 29,981 Total value to each Power. Dolls. 69,221 894,852 1,962,261 2,884,417 Dolls. 47,381 I 1,096,407 I 2,675,589 )> 9,218,540 9,655,524 > 12,653,635 > 4,764,864 > 764,285 1,223,150 1,023,242 1,543,348 684,127 470,027 44,063 From 1st Oct. 1795 to the 30th Sept. 1796. From Ut Oct. 1796 to the 30lh Sept. 1797. Total value to each Power. } 7,875,364 Dolls. 3,450 I 898,315 I 2,637,309 9,384,896 > 23,164,545 9,507,457 > 11,623,314 > 3,650,678 )> 559,448 1,100,522 1,352,860 3,369,942 481,725 537,355 23,510 481,725 Total value to each Power. )> 9,212,335 9,589,859 > 12,449,076 > 6,632,352 )> 474,014 767,064 15,000 387,310 1,508,044 207,077 230,873 15,607 From 1st Oct. 1797 to 30th Sept. 1798 Value. Dolls. 60,732 101,657 631,805 1,400,258 1,501,253 4,713,976 2,706,674 9,439,722 1,546,614 922,700 225,067 39,075 4,255,616 143,988 479,584 14,563,343 1,476,588 5,317,180 147,718 2,274,223 94,054 1,073,617 218,116 5,080,543 286,781 332,625 53,749 55,934 1,334,036 19,188 33,823 P8) 261,795 248,121 74,858 132,883 79,515 Total value to each Power From 1st Oct. 1798 to 30th Sept. 1799 Dolls. 60,732 I 733,462 2,901,511 7,420,650 )> 17,086,189 14,563.343 > 6,941,486 > 8,740,553 J> 729,089 I 1,334,036 19,188 33,823 261,795 248,121 74,858 132,883 79,515 Value. Dolls. 46,030 617,046 104,071 629,526 951,577 5,154,535 696,968 5.154,535 15,045,710 2.125.534 1,684,372 74,912 528,142 7,296 6,285,254 12,567 599,631 17,250,047 2,776,604 3,900 4,237,954 154,517 2,504,092 531,438 8,993,401 538,662 203,185 23,706 92,178 1,157,212 48,000 183,569 (==' 595,249 92,020 11,818 234,596 I 2,780,5 72,941 Total value to each Power. Dolls. 46,030 617,046 I 733,597 4,348,839 } } 5,851,503 > 26,363,418 17,250,047 ,504 y 17,421.402 )> 857,731 1,157,212 48,000 183,569 595,249 92,020 11,818 234,596 72,941 134 Of the Commerce of the United States. A SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AND DESTINATION Flora 1st Oct. 1799 to 30th Sept 1800 From Ist Oct. 1800 to 30th Sept. 1801 From 1st Oct 1801 to 30th Sept. 1802 FOREIGN eOUNTRIES. Total value to Total value to Total value to Value. each Power. Value. each Power. Value. each Power. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Russia — — 9,136 9,136 73,721 73,721 Prussia 24,884 24,884 120,238 120,238 150,920 150,920 Sweden Swedish West Indies 91,342 471,343 I 562,685 39,176 193,032 X 232,208 13,037 262,219 X Z75,Z56 Denmark and Norway 356,853 1 531,825 ^ 638,911 y 1,721,485 Danish West Indies 1,767,589 )> 2,114,442 1,049,361 y 1,581,186 1,082,574 Do. East do. — J ^_ J .^ J United Netherlands 4,372,964 ~1 6,234,450 > 6,922,372 J 5,051,480 T Dutch West Indies and American Colonies 1,296,052 U 5,669,016 625,791 915,378 y 5,966,858 Do. East do. — J 62,131 — J England, Man and Berwick 15,856,260 25,309,334 13,086,494 Scotland 1,688,600 3,006,599 2,063,253 Ireland 1,517,867 2,576,367 842,583 Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Alderney 22,936 38,821 91,220 Gibraltar 865,957 204,627 383,688 British African ports — > 27,181,312 — > 42,132,032 — > 23,925,091 Do. East Indies 130,461 71,617 83,489 Do. West do. 6,404,785 9,699,722 6,689,490 Newfoundland and British Fisheries 40,328 125,305 107,945 British American Colonies 654,118 — 576,929 Other British Colonies — 815,722 — Hamburg, Bremen and Hanse Towns 8,043,993 ' 8,043,993 10,516,197 ■ 10,516,197 6,229,492 " 6,229,492 French European ports on the Atlantic 40,400 " 3,985,292 ' 7,611,287 ■ Do. West Indies 5,123,433 7,147,972 6,710,889 Do. Ports on the Mediterranean — > 5,163,833 — > 11,261,751 — > 14,475,437 Bourbon, Mauritius, French East Indies — 128,487 153,261 and French African ports — _ — _ — _ • Spanish European ports on the Atlantic Do. do. on the Mediterranean X 4,743,678 X 2,865,101 ^_^, Teneriflfe and other Canaries 303,630 267,664 184,442 Manilla and the Phillippine Islands 14,112 > 15,660,606 — > 13,610,816 — > 11,227,859 Foridas and Louisiana 2,035,789 1,408,029 2,075,614 Honduras, Campeachy and Mosquitoe Shore 291,717 100,210 32,062 Spanish West Indies and American Colonies 8,271,680 8,969,812 6,015,626 Portugal Madeira 448,548 ' 1,139,377 ' 1,541,085 ' 522,728 528,344 481,053 Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verd Islands Other African ports 56,868 237,700 > 1,265,844 5,120 45,918 > 1,718,759 42,254 95,268 > 2,160,701 — — — Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies — — 1,041 Italy 2,689,968 ' 2,689,968 2,090,439 ' 2,090,439 2,423,935 2,423,935 Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic — — — — — — Turkey, Levant and Egypt Morocco and Barbary States — — ^ — — — 73,449 73,449 88,740 88,740 63,932 63,932 Cape of Good Hope China 128,977 128,977 283,918 283,918 240,286 240,286 P9) 1,047,385 1,047,385 (39) 1,374,506 1,374,506 877,267 877.267 Asia generally East Indies do. — — — — — — — — — — — — West Indies do. 115,631 115,631 372,932 372,932 1,261,122 1,261,122 Europe do. Africa do. 35,389 35,389 278,158 278,158 316,022 316,022 366,618 366,618 367,705 367,705 407,053 407,053 South Seas 81,595 81,595 — — 160,707 160,707 ^orth West Coast of America 746,153 746,153 343,338 343,338 — — ■ Europe, the West Indies, for a market, and uncertain ' ~ ~ Grand total in dollars. 70,971,780 93,020,513 71,957,144 (39) This amount includes the value of the exports to China and the East Indies generally. Of the Commerce of the United States. OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, CONTINUED. 135 T^/^Tl r*T rf^ 1LT J^/^Y"T^TT^n TX^ C^ From 1st October 1802 to 30th September 1803. From 1st October 1803 to 30th September 1804. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to duce. duce. each Power. duce. duce. each Power. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Russia —^ — — — — Prussia 173.837 145,788 319,625 409,321 776,795 1,186,116 Sweden Swedish West Indies 6,325 209,547 4,472 45,126 ;■ 265,470 58,361 400,848 64,045 168,721 I 691,975 Denmark and Norway 366,550 334,310 ■ > 1,892,895 477,211 1,115,965 1 Danish West Indies 845,695 346,310 1,081,618 642,388 J> 3,346.623 Do. East Indies — J 16,073 13,368 J United Netherlands 1,451,710 2,535,239 '' 1 2,064,158 11,757,002 1 . Dutch West Indies and American Colonies 1,323,092 177,593 )> 5,523,423 1,600,667 848,365 U 1&M7A^7 Do. East Indies 24,098 11,691 J 80,176 97,049 J , Cape of Good Hope 23,929 10,593 ' 34,522 108,190 59,727 167.917 England, Man, and Berwick 11,602,457 1,164.631 " 8,552,764 1,226.394 Scotland 2,474,518 89,590 1,561,350 140.888 Ireland 2,167,052 70,927 1,391,333 36.298 Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Aldemey 215,237 16,942 282.212 15,262 Gibraltar 390,053 115,687 242.248 74,339 British African ports 10,792 — > 25,369,073 — — > 21,829,802 Do. East Indies 107,301 67,973 16,452 113,820 Do. West Indies 5,624,647 90,973 6,315,667 731,991 Newfoundland and British Fisheries 282,395 69,113 175,597 32,666 British American Colonies 723,451 85,334 807,709 111,263 Other British Colonies — — 1.185 364 Hamburg, Bremen, Hanse Towns, &c. 1,368,295 1,911,437 ' 3.279.732 949.454 3,525,553 4,475.007 French European ports on the Atlantic 1,852,223 2,549,528 " 3,139,206 5,384,523 Do. West Indies and American Colonies 3,016,463 668,051 > 8.245.993 1,742,368 1.867,522 > 12,776,111 Do. Ports on the Mediterranean 24,817 49,146 80,906 220,419 Bourbon, Mauritius, East Indies and African ports 38,690 46,095 120,042 221,125 Spanish European ports on the Atlantic 1,244,490 104,130 ' 1,628,079 517,042 Do. do. on the Mediterranean 501.398 126,091 676,114 80,100 Teneriffe and other Canaries 84,623 29,188 120,084 61,101 Manilla and the Phillippine Islands — • — > 4.533.539 — — > 6,728,125 Floridas 1,032,486 372,844 178,168 230,603 Honduras, Campeachy and Mosquitoe shore 56,181 563,261' , 4,542 149,344 184,829 Spanish West Indies and American Colonies 314,305 1,725,662 1.176.998 Portugal 1,520,488 291,984 ' 1,282,169 190,716 " Madeira 370,878 29,082 586.869 135,802 Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verd Islands 23,848 46,942 2,241 8,823 > 2,305.548 8,957 88,273 8,648 30,533 > 2,496,858 Other African ports 9,339 1.923 10,834 46,287 Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies — — — 107,770 Italy . 362,586 1,208,977 ■ 1,571,563 118,441 1.552,708 1,671,149 Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic f 419 41,606 42,025 85,335 247,963 333,798 Malta i 1 14,109 — 14,109 — — - Turkey, Levant and Egypt j [ — — 12,681 31,975 44,646 Morocco and Barbary States 1 f 25.573 11,184 36,757 8,657 676 9,333 China 1 150,017 22,478 172,495 162,806 35,795 198,601 Asia generally 1 — — — — — — East Indies do. | ; 11,177 48,556 59,733 258,090 538,226 796,316 West Indies do. '■ 1,554,363 150,041 1,704,404 2,352,042 972,252 3,324,294 Europe do. 178,699 156,754 335,453 86,827 534,064 620,891 Africa do. » South Seas T 25,340 10,018 35,358 221,788 126,248 349,036 . — 826 826 10,000 — 10,000 North West Coast of America 6,570 51.930 58,500 20,641 175,418 196,059 Grand total in dollars. 42,205,961 13,594,072 55,800,033 41,467,477 36,231,597 77,699,074 136 Of the Commerce of the United States. A SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AND DESTINAllON FOREIGN COUNTRIIiS. From tat October 1804 to 30th September 1805. From Ut October 1805 to 30th September 1806. Domestic pro- Foreign ■ pre Total value to Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to duce. duce. each Power« duce. duce. each Power. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Russia 12,044 59,328 71,372 3,580 8,827 12,407 Prussia 145,727 244,093 389,820 5,232 162,882 168,114 Sweden Swedish West Indies 35,083 209,707 55,214 105,288 I 406,043 213,767 29,414 113,849 ^ 357,030 Denmark and Norway 435,926 1,481,767 > 4,037,454 356,595 1,052,954 1 Danish West Indies 1,523,106 575,149 1,410,029 1,380,380 J. 4,250,855 Do. East Indies 13,770 7,734 10,609 40,288 J United Netherlands 1,783,503 14,959,380 1 3,609,964 15,051,665 1 Dutch West Indies and American Colonies 454,645 138,785 )> 17,609,823 570,545 466,485 J. 20,026,174 Do. East Indies 48,734 224,776 J 50,342 277,173 J Cape of Good Hope England, Man and Berwick v 56,339 169,054 225.393 133,593 339,752 473,345 10,603,3p2 l,401,-830 9,169,807 2,724,945. Scotland 1,93§,823 1.230,598 49,919 19,889 l,656jai' 1,823,139"" ~~^"=78;656 Ireland 51,982 Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Alderney 165,940 962 88,676 — Gibraltar 134,379 40,704 178,193 60,510 British African ports 5,439 23,603 > 23,047,386 7,825 3,034 > 23,229,936 Do. East Indies 14,267 274,212 30,256 316,734 Do. West Indies 5,473^218 518,189 5,092,288 515,640 Newfoundland and British Fisheries 183,380 34,687 186,503 52,205 BritishvAmerican Colonies Other British polonies. 787,230 138,704 938,332 246,249 7,111 — 8,671 — Hamburg, Bremen, Hanse Towns, &c. 893,591 2,338,917 " 3,232,508 1,672,455 4,751,769 ' 6,424,224 French European ports on the Atlantic 2,852,708 9,260,724 ■ 3,130,659 7,800,575 ■ Do. West Indies and American. Colonies 2,876,384 4,455,599 > 21,072,747 2,770,372 3,975,112 > 18,575,812 Do. Ports on the Mediterranean 227,154 624,878 96,039 397,119 Bourbon, Mauritius, East Indies and African ports 84,730 680,570 29,454 376,482 Spanish European ports on the Atlantic 1,729,973 1,469,214 892,827 1,116,244 = Do. do. on the Mediterranean 597,182 187,098 470,456 642,710 Teneriflfe and other Canaries 114,110 85,110 98,755 59,876 Manilla and the Phiilippine Islands 33,480 9,081 > 12,672,768 5,184 31,464 > 14,809,072 Floridas 95,181 39,657 80,124 71,989 Honduras, Campeachy and Mosquitoe shore 203,255 418,539 139,108 333,102 Spanish West Indies and American Colonies 2,806,112 4,884,776 2,391,172 8,476,061 Portugal 508,284 851,647 920,841 857,050 '' Madeira ^ 479,182 160,288 519,213 148,032 Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verd Islands 16,060 13,029 24,057 24,161 > 2,105,409 27,399 8,741 15,835 24,884 > 2,521,995 Other African ports Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies 7,941 20,760 — — — — — — Italy 142,475 2,320,099 2,462,574 185,346 4,587,727 4,773,073 Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic 6,665 322,992 329,657 10,826 664,452 675,278 Malta — — — — — — Turkey, Levant and Egypt 11,984 134,741 146,725 22,193 270,591 292.784 Morocco and Barbary States — — — 2,883 78,718 81,601 China 145,573 176,502 322,075 169,356 217,760 387,116 Asia generally East Indies do. — — — — — — 348,290 1,459,266 1,807,556 222,040 685,988 908,028 West Indies do. 2,128,774 1,368,173 3,496,947 1,170,400 584,552 1,754,952 Europe do. 179,608 628,608 808,216 85,695 212,385 298,080 Africa do. 591,690 421,356 1,013,046 575,652 539,957 1,115,609 South Seas 3,643 2,000 5,643 680 142,999 143,679 North West Coast of America 25,922 276,937 302,859 11,620 246,179 257,799 Grand total in dollars. 42,387,002 53,179,019 95,566,021 41,253.727 60,283,236 101,536,963 Of the Commerce of the United States. OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, CONTINUED. 137 From 1st October 1806 to 3nth September 1807 From 1st October 1807 to 30th September 1808 From l6t October 1808 to 30th September 1809 Domestic pro- Foreign pro- duce. Total value to Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to Domestic pro Foreign pro- Total value to duce. each power. duce. duce. each power. dace. duce. each power. Dolb. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. DoUs. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 78,85& 366,367 445,217 — — — 146,462 737,799 842.261 56,157 416,50'9 38,567 911,155 I 1,422,388 67,902 166,553 S 234,455 4,030,395 '2,757,859 1,409,303 887,960 '■ 9.085,517 572,150 836,468 ■ 1 11,740 138,836 1 958,584 3.327.766 "1 1,614,711 1,505,988 U 4,529,317 192.163 72,847 y 415,586 J 31,044 — ^ 4.317.394 J 3,098,234 13,086,160 ' J 1 382,121 2,227,722 I 2,746,197 421.294 697,070 1 496,01'0- 307,366 >. 17.428,486 97.734 14,839 33,412 771 )> 1,313,270 79,880 360,836 J 16.280 7,501 J 75,652 85,071 J . 67,241- 94,316 " 161,557 4,546 7,844 12.390 8,434 1,720 10,154 16.828,757. 1,881,289 ■ 2.215.473 90,777 "^ 4,447,637 .236,825 "1 1 2,449,941- 117^261 "412,682 4.542 4ci5Jg8 — 1,631,^559- — '287832 •^So.gb-i 11.008 ^^7^239 3,580 211,780 268 14,922 — 5.330 — 119,332 131,221 10,976 — , 53.883 1,687 3,273 1.788 > 31,015,623 — — > 5,183,297 8.340 — > 8,108.839 11,665- 82,701 — 31,500 16.348 28.444 5,322,276- 630,361 1,427,510 '" 133,553 1.511.570 154.429 208,611' 58,881 ■ 35,911 9,181 25,647 6,193 1,129488 165,944 272,724 61,637 647,096 82,496 — — — — 3,125 982 912,225 2,248,057 3,160,282 24,963 204,852 ' 229,815 709,981 1,682.662 2,392,643 2,507,707 9,150,795 > 19,196,589 633,037 1,810,594 " ■\ — ■^ 2,901,516 208,434 2,968,816 1,164,883 802,630 75,643 769,953 315,802 > 4,541,435 15.043 — 15.043 145,247 149,191 58,370 75,406 797,017 2,566,532 " 316,396 562,615 ' 983,580 390.280 ' 384,214 981,375 224,982 338,388 305,640 899.723 158,720 206,659 31,694 96.352 232,360 82.789 519 23,352 > 18,224,720 — — > 5,949,903 4,081 1.097 > 10,318.034 40,757 39,996 22,411 20,510 670,698 51.286 146,876 537,478 45,434 114,068 10,634 249 2,470,472 9,870,753 631,086 3.545,967 3,352,271 3.333,346 829,313 159,173 ' 342,277 — " ■1 1,629,709 151,424 " 528,375 69,194 131,102 27.280 2,336,656 64,159 21,957 15,237 14,976 44,413 > 1,687,516 992 5,755 21,570 10,671 > 539,647 2,926.482 60.287 90,535 34,508 > 8,312,897 — — — — 73,411 61,991 4,734 144 J — — , 540,653 343,082 250,257 5,499,722 " 5,749,979 58,085 1,312,173 " 1,370,258 49,206 1,106,539 ' 1,155,745 23,263 567,992 591,255 10,530 163,353 173,883 6,768 97,049 103,817 — 1,504 1,504 — — _ ^■^ 4,520 424,855 429,375 308 172,881 173,189 19,719 531,407 551,126 8,358 34,984 43,342 32,026 — 32,026 207,835 1.213,942 1,511,777 84,422 113,258 197,280 — — — 476,569 441,453 918,022 317,163 593,443 910,606 13,061 55,660 68,721 111,531 130,756 242,287 1,126,279 440,222 1,566,501 338,362 130,643 469,005 94,005 30,445 124,450 31,505 41,191 72,696 — — — 288.324 2,206,295 2,494,619 369,124 1,026,632 1,396,556 15,051 ' 1.397 16,448 115.364 48,218 163,582 3,385 5,266 8,651 — — — — 400 400 10,777 92,933 103,710 5,766 268,939 274,705 39,556 142,800 182,356 48,699,592 59,643,558 108,343,150 9,433,546 12,997,414 22,430,960 31.405,702 20,797.531 52,203.233 2 A 168 Of the Commerce of the United States. A SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AND DESTINATION FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Domestic pro- Foreign pro- duce, duce. From 1st October 1809 to 30th September 1810. Total value to each Power. From let October 1810 to 30th Sept^ub«r 1811 Domestic pro- duce. Foreign pro- duce. Total value to each Power. Russia Prussia Sweden Swedish West Indies Denmark and Norway Danish West Indies Do. East Indies United Netherlands Dutch West Indies and American Colonies Do. East Indies Cape of Good Hope England, Man and Berwick Scotland Ireland Guernsey, Jersey, Sark an^ Alderney Gibraltar British African ports Do. East Indies Do. West Indies Newfoundland and British Fisheries British American Colonies Other British Colonies Hamburg, Bremen, Hanse Towns, &c. French European ports on the Atlantic Do. West Indies and American Colonies Do. Ports on the Mediterranean Bourbon, Mauritius, East Indies and African ports Spanish European ports on the Atlantic Do. do. on the Mediterranean Teneriffe and other Canaries Manilla and the Phillippine Islands Floridas Honduras, Campeachy and Musquitoe shore Spanish West Indies and American Colonies Portugal Madeira Fayal and other Azores Cape de Verd Islands Other African ports Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies Italy Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic Malta Turkey, Levant and Egypt Morocco and Barbary States China Asia generally East Indies do. West Indies do. Europe do. Africa do. South Seas North West Coast of America Grand total in dollars, Dolls. 1,048,762 184,149 1,563,336 1,619,442 3,962,739 33,449 74,194 39,724 3,760 11,926 9,048,358 751,496 1,588,584 132,172 1 1,001 58,438 2,322,720 18,054 1,292,532 9,956 834,564 16,782 59,045 8,808 3,257,853 230,098 326,127 85,844 2,521,462 71,589 3,182,318 2,664,121 1,587,641 1,355,802 94,539 63,969 721,899 71,803 15,319 374,623 201,092 28,661 317,547 416,921 55,791 4,126 22,739 42,366,675 Dolls. 2,926,936 352,750 4,294,397 424,826 6,548,051 2,296 28,992 31 27,377 2,513 877,638 1,125 14,272 106,483 3,027 98,257 71,443 8,839 123,411 17,482 291,810 1,670 49,925 1,400 1,098,646 119,955 187,389 141,716 61,488 52,665 3,604,791 121,578 81,325 19,875 62,721 15,901 889,839 656,691 59,639 180,408 159,296 118,387 20,909 43,384 266,698 28,797 1,658 123,179 Uolls. 3,975,698 536,899 7,902,001 10,546,535 174,078 14,439 J> 16.555,488 1,126,382 >. 137,630 J> 14,941,942 24,391,295 y 7,679,210 728,494 59,639 195,727 533,919 319,479 49,570 360,931 683,619 84,588 5,784 145,918 66,757,970 DoUs. 1,630,499 42,040 195,867 884,417 262,794 40,216 72,084 10,044,381 1,409,428 1,728,632 2,112 720,681 8,729 72,598 4,626,115 58,762 1,611,753 25,020 618,237 55,571 290,955 77,957 3,865,482 97,781 269,153 178,158 76,758 3,606,510 8,445,127 961,733 39,750 27,6415 26,254 671,417 151,555 24,965 272,022 443,146 41,106 1,229,308 241,805 89,323 21,833 33,566 45,294,043 Dolls. 4,507,158 107,177 431,968 151,926 137,846 4,042 17,342 508,863 6^571 40,123 586,429 7,170 123,375 123,684 177,129 1,058,984 60,328 117,930 37,914 238,626 58,728 113,147 25,736 69,710 3,973,099 130,726 99.966 5,724 27,677 1,502 1,027,931 437,381 473,156 283,439 187,914 28,505 59,966 411,179 34,288 46,524 81,907 } Dolls. 6,137.657 149,217 1,664,178 444,898 89,526 U 21,881,555 > 2,317,876 ^ 12,572,888 16,022,790 > 11,466,150 588,936 498,121 555,461 631,060 69,611 1,289,27*4 652,984 123,611 68,357 115,473 61,316,833 Of the Commerce of the United States. OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, CONTINUED. 139 From 1st October 1811 to 30th September 1812. From 1st October 1812 to 30th September 1813. From 1st October 1813 to 30th September 1814. Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to duce. duce. each Power. duce. duce. each Power. duce. duce. each Power. DolU. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. DolU. Dolls. 156,980 1,586,617 1,743,597 50i400 750 51,150 460 — 460 220,864 1,060,500 729,357 126,274 I 2,136,995 713,844 1,697,725 135,616 61,137 I 2,608,322 107,670 1,246,202 3,259 I 1,357.139 70,638 45,746 " 1 — — 1 — — . 1 20,866 — Y 137,250 J — — [ - — — [ 30,747 — _ 1 29,160 __. J 1 12,159 15,422 J 1 — — ^ 30,747 — — ^ 29,160 — — Y 27,581 15,600 __ 15,600 -•.« -^ J .— __ J 4,662,296 37,187 " — — " 660 — ■^ 373,053 , 1,300 — — — — 947,214 68,718 — — — — 1,117,123 287,370 -_ ^_ ^_ __ 14,783 — > 10,270,969 — — 2,422 — — 10,710 133,413 170,540 — — — — 1,775,037 22,203 — — — — .» 643,450 17,382 2,422 — 10,050 — ...^ ^— -* 13,086 13,086 •^ __ — 402,803 2,435,218 ■ > 3,158,884 1,780,291 2,296,453 " > 4,277,650 286,429 30,018 203,889 83,742 132,290 68,616 165,232 12,947 > 494,626 17,292 15,940 — 4,527,452 136,411 ■^ 6,506,401 40,168 '■ 38,674 1,882 > 40,302 4,300 25,700 757 19,076 — 351,965 14,295 112,024 5,874 46,319 5,370 30,750 28,791 > 9,287,850 — — > 10,113,436 — — > 4,374,572 97,703 6,260 404,537 839 2,230,859 1,596 58,202 19,279 23,902 — 10,502 — 2,640,502 1,331,638 2,809,705 183,540 1,971,886 48,408 7,729,997 45,043 9,992,012 7,275 = 396,548 540 = 700,225 28,428 361,719 6,036 32,540 132,543 6,423 6,858 3,380 > 9,399,520 162,507 30 > 10,687,928 69,945 6,090 "~" > 599,669 ~ 426,982 319,641 137,821 20,528 74,109 11,897 139,928 134,794 274,722 1,947 — 1,947 — ■ — — 42,622 387,004 429,626 .— z — — — — 50,902 15,194 66,096 — — — , 101,725 82,802 184,527 — — — 54,331 6,897 61,228 — 500 500 — — — — — — — — — — — .^ __ __ 921,671 120,894 1,042,565 39,774 5,485 45,259 2,523 6,933 9,456 74,547 125,514 200,061 — — —^ , , 78,267 37,048 115,315 — — _- , -_ , , , — 1,964 1,964 — 1,070 1,070 — ^_ 12,953 17,495 30,448 10,885 13,682 24,567 — — 30,032,109 8,495,127 38,527,236 25,008,152 2,847,845 27,855,997 6,782,272 145,169 6,927,441 140 Of the Commerce of the United States. A SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AND DESTINATION From 1st October 1814 to 30th September 1815. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to dace. duce. each Power. Dels. Doll?. Dolls. Russia 248,047 326,502 574,519 Prussia 143,060 — 143,060 Sweden 204,066 36,741 ; ■ 1,021,695 Swedish West Indies 722,080 58,808 Denmark and Norway 127,920 10,583 s Danish West Indies 496,249 47,720 > 682,472 Do. East Indies ^_ _ United Netherlands 3,687,437 795,390 S Dutch West Indies and Ame*-iean Colonies 97,334 697 > 4,580,858 Do. East Indies , . England, Man and Berwick 11,599,135 49,341 ■^ Scotland 1,365,471 Ireland 1,664,230 2,279 Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Alderney 7,485 ^ Gibraltar 588,892 109,970 British African ports — . 21,589,868 Do. East Indies 60,024 42,076 Do. West Indies 1,684,480 18,493 Newfoundland and British Fisheries 850 British American Colonies 1,395,965 865 Other British Colonies 312' ..^ Hamburg, Bremen, Hanse Towns, &c. 1,758,131 478,542 ' 2,236,673 French European ports on the Atlantic 4,957,743 1,538,171 " Do. West Indies and American Colonies 1,520,476 284,563 > 8,747,637 Do. Ports on the Mediterranean "75,341 315,688 Bourbon, Mauritius, East Indies and African ports 22,808 12,847 Spanish European ports on the Atlantic 957,746 105,569 " Do. do. on the Mediterranean 151,928 55,321 Teneriffe and other Canaries 245,017 59,962 Manilla and the Phillippine Islands 4,029 50,681 > 6,230,960 Floridas 846,962 2,379 Honduras, Canvpeachy and Mosquitoe shore Spanish West Indies and American Colonies 48,815 37,675 2,832,828 866,048 Portugal 1,176,079 2,996 ■ Madeira 613,942 6,621 Fayal and other Azores 26,370 112 > 2,281,101 Cape de Verd Islands 40,442 51,955 Other African ports — 1,778 Coast of Brazil and other American Colonies 262,369 98,437 Italy . . 110,706 333,330 ' 444,036 Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic 17,657 71,501 89,158 Malta — — Turkey, Levant and Egypt — — —— Morocco and Barbary States 32,645 — 32,645 Cape of Good Hope 20,146 30,352 50,498 China 293,096 195,599 488,695 Asia generally — 59,038 59,038 East Indies do. 62,548 — 62,548 West Indies do. 1,700,426 233,039 1,933,465 Europe do. 1,001,602 90,100 1,091,702 Africa do. 39,461 16,085 55,546 South Seas 6,063 4,501 10,564 North West Coast of America 55,990 114,992 170,985 Grand total in dollars, 45,974,403 6,583,350 52,557,753 Of the Commerce of the United States. 141 OF THE EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES, CONTINUED. From 1st October 1815 to 30th September 1816. From 1st October 1816 to SOtfa September 1817. Domestic pro- Foreign pro- Total value to Domestic pro Foreign pro- Total value to duce. duce. each Power. duce. duce. each Power. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 181,101 527,783 706,884 134,557 505,636 640,393 240,387 261,678 140,346 117,941 :- 760,352 101,775 314,659 59,194 67,095 I 542,723 364,768 119,434 ■^ 202,989 243,138 1 681,948 174,502 > 1,340,652 1,053,370 590,727 y 2,090,224 J 3,325,429 1,940,358 ^ 2,588,566 1,905,905 1 193,788 72,550 > 5,609,524 747,159 310,274 J> 5,785,318 29,922 47,477 62,050 171,364 J 1 24,760,343 537,893 27,164,408 729,605 ■^ 1,903,558 6,813 2,980,602 18,243 2,686,906 240 2,064,114 75,763 50,404 3,976 — — 1,442,659 620,228 1,637,827 852,770 — — > 39,184,558 — . — > 43,468,242 66,758 554,156 87,621 261,331 3,073,589 89,355 3,802.462 69,105 24,909 16,806 1,391 2,730 3,323,182 22,783 3,691,292 27,527 — — 1,451 — 2,368,287 1,166,213 ' 3,534,500 2,021,213 1,324,418 ■ 3,345,631 6,969,870 1,902,864 ■ 6,935.623 1,387,642 ■ 1,483,891 382,806 773,420 319,796 > 12,138,135 2,470,330 188,912 893,240 307,590 > 12,434,818 119,167 183,321 122,558 128,923 1,676,010 201,689 561,809 88,819 ' 216,145 111,403 46,476 47,958 325,069 106,237 88,079 47,672 181 3,042 > 8,589,718 — » 8,423,936 90,182 16,497 130,789 25,699 50.271 12,380 96,415 206,121 2,732,226 3,048,386 3,606,588 3,477,511 1,237,587 15,158 ' 542,822 6,364 = 353,342 88,225 448,832 31,271 35,860 43,620 34,075 38,541 > 2,270,389 28,656 65,131 10,763 55,289 > 1,834,823 10,572 — — .^ 262,489 150,920 415,796 229,899 324,929 1,233,349 ' 1,558,278 124,223 1,309,491 " 1,433,714 63,380 232,148 295,528 86,377 293,332 379,709 3,996 40,335 44,331 23,405 279,507 302,912 — 10,824 10,824 2,435 6,204 8,639 221,54-2 813,222 1,034,764 162,447 386,213 548,660 182,457 511,905 694,362 161,203 401.015 562,218 1,803,027 488,070 2,291,097 2,729,699 784,067 3.513,766 963,876 411,408 1,375,284 414,166 587,080 1.001,246 126,400 110,799 237,199 79,951 87,390 167,341 2,408 703 3,111 5,779 70,638 76,417 120,977 119,980 240,962 117,493 993,346 1,110,839 64,781,896 17,138,556 81,920,452 68,313,500 19,358,069 87,671,569 2 B 142 Of the Commerce of the United States. 8 O so OS ■to s 8 I S 53 so 4 "to ^ Is <5 ■to t O CO ■to s o S tOct. to the Sept. ^'K CT CD O »^ « K O (S«3-tt>.05 CD l« K' 1 \ W'rf CO CO CO W CN ■*-'0-(3H-0 eo-W to Oica- IS 1 CO I o 1-1 § OJ o »-( CO ■.- a>Ort«COCO(5OWlOf> of fa 1-1 ■ ,-1 rH rl K' ■^ S 15 lOKCDcnCOCOCOcnSlOK'KTfiloOl lO i 1 1 d I ^ iocp>o>^.-(coooi-*oocDKe!OTf■ oi •o Vi rom 1 1800 30th 1801 olo'Ob-cra'^lOCSIcOCDtOOSlOKO'O OJ en rH Tfi 1-1 i-H rf tC of vT rfi-T O i-( tH ■*" 1 f^ TH tH T-H 1-i rH, a> 'rom 1st Oct. 1799 to the 30th Sept. 1800. 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"S 144 Qf the Commerce of the United States. •■a c % o a aT CD •c o *t: Eh +j -3 CD > o en -S O (^ X r-l O ■s ■S'5 1 g p. .li Dolls. 269 55,722 26,354 360 11,683 s 10,199 1,428 35,672 1 1 1 1 lg ~C0 Ol to 1-t ■o 1-t I 1 to" s a"" 00 IKOWK ■f> a w .-H_ CT o Mills CO >o ■<*• 00 ^" 00 of b~ Ol ««. "O >o 00 bC ft !£> |cnCT>0sKOCT©f5lA | 1 Ol l(0-^«OtOeqooKOlTHi-(CT01 1 1 05 0'!rKoo«u5Tt<0'^'*__'ooio = 0? CTTl!"oo"oo'oi'CTOrKrfio'>OTt<' OO) r-(CTo T-t 00 1 o ^ o " m S s 1 OlTfOKO l'^ ICT l^tDOl |i-i 1 1 1 = ^tCooo 00 m oToCt-r >-< n 0 CO •* CO 00 to CO OJ ^" 00 CO s ft . «C0Oli-ltf500tOl^.-*CTC'3CTOl'*CT 1 1 KOWOlOOOOlOTfOlrtOlrHCT© 1 .CT-*(N 00 00 lO '"i'*, »^O'*^Tj<_^ft 1-< § of CO o o CO V •s o o ^ |« S 1 g ft f-i osoootoooun |oKiooio>-i>oi-i l | OOloqiflCT^ KOOOWOIOOITI" 1 .OOKOOlOi-llO ri~rH G< <71 •* Tt" Ol ■* 00 0?rH T.H r^ O >o of CO o> "O •s o S3 Ocn b> « b. ^ 00 K Ol ■* tC ■(f O OI ■* jr ^ 1 1 OIOlt^O>OlfltOtOlOrH-q<0000KK 1 1 . O Tf GQ_ K 00_ b^ ■* K t« -H to^ K ■* K K sO?tOT-H'tOiri'CTK'i-3'o'^__C001>0 = >o"tO*rH'«"ofcOofTj'cs'lOTfofr-Hr-rT)<'o ^©)OtOKtO0)Ol>flb^b-00C0O00CTT-i QOj'Vb.OOb^OlCTS. 0)_01tO^OOG3_ in o ■*" co" Tf" rfof 1-H 1 1 ^ 00 o 1 1 b-io b~ lo Ol 03_ CO of >o 1-H b, t« to to CO of S 00 o W 00 ® g- SCO a s 4 ft .li 1 WrHTfilOlOOOrtCTi-HOllO'^OO) 1 1 1 CTOtOCOlOOlb^oOTftOtOtOtOb^ 1 1 1 .lOOllOi-HO^h-OOO. tOCOh-Oli-HOl^ = >o Ol of to" 1-!" of o o fH to" r-T b-T lo" OOOTr'-OrH'*100)0 00 fi rf (O « 00 O rH CO to" ■^" ■*" tt" Mils s 1-H 1-) CO >o b-T CO CO O) § O) of >o g ft ■Bi r CTi-HOlKOOTfTfOOlOb^O'-l, TfiOlOOO 1 tOOOOiOl'OtOOlOOllOlotOCTtOO'O 1 .000 b^ C0 0^b-.>-H^C0TfOltOr-^00C0i-<00 = r-rio"ofooio"oo"orod'tDcfi-H"toGf>-<'ofco ^OGqo)>oio-*«ocooiKooooo)toeo OtNi-iototoco^o^oJ^, wtob^cooeo to 00 Tl'' W G? OT rH 1 1 tf lO lO 1 1 rH O O l-H CO CO to" ■*" CO Tf rH CT CO 1^ as 2 as i ill 1 l|.l:llllili|.ii|| U 09 '11 td a> V u lU p a Of the Commerce of the United States. 145 02 (U o o o f cc a o o W -5 o I o CO oo ji Se- ts ai is 1. >0 r-i«3050 lOitratOcO^OVOCT O! IcOlO-irO |0000TtO<£5l--00 1 1 J .00 lOlOOO^K lOOOWCNCONOO = to" oT of oT to tC ^3 to" oT o i-T oo' oT to" >o o CO - oT 1-H to 1.H to 00 S o Q oii-ito.-iooaic'5>-*rfO!coi-HcOrtOj 1 1 OOrHrtOlCO'^Ot^OOOCOr-ITfCO-tr 1 1 .ln0J_->S<__O5(N K00OK00t-<_CTCNCT00_K = O" W" oo" kT ■*" CD irT oo" 00 t-T OT rw lo" Tf* o" K °K<-HOKt^tO mCT0000tOlO-*CT H r-i 05 o> lo >o to lo ooto>ocncn>o 1 00 K 'J* ©I 00 in cq^oo o?^ ■* CO ^ to^^^ 00 m CO oo" to o lO to CO 00 .-( 1-. II OS. MOT is 1. 5 K IIOOOOIO li^WKOTO-^tOK 1 1 I O tOOlOl-* IrHCTKcoKtoOCT 1 1 1 SO jCco*to"rH' oTi-Ttfirrto" cn"io" = tN G^Oi ©1 O OCSCTl OK lO lo of o lO 00 CO r-< bC 1—1 o o? T— 1 00 s .2 i tO.*TftOKi-HtOO>OOOJO^CT01lf5 1 1 OOCftKO»00>TtK05K-H<350 1 1 ^-»cr>oo^KOi-H00tO 001O10^ ■* 00_^lO>-HCO'^__-* irT ^" Ti'' "It"" rt 00 T-T cf tC 1 O Ol CO kToo T-T to rH 00 0) 2 . CO B p s .11 Qj .a Dolls 8,579 1,732,620 203,499 2,445,095 1,024,368 950,327 44,397 975 100,346 26,262 1 o 1 oq 1 CO >o to" O tr> CO CO 00 ■"- to CO in of uo a II comcoTt>>oooo)T-HO!..^too!KooK 1 1 1 OOtOoOCOKKTjOKG^KtOoOtr) 1 1 1 .o" en lo to" "o of- of -^ to" cotO-^iOOOCT tOOCOtOcOTHK-* I-H rH W CO tn OJ_ lO rt O 0> to O >0 tW CO 00 CO Tf-ri^T^^ -rf 1 05 CO 00 a> >o 00 to" of "o" CO 'n o CO o ir>" < CO 4 New-Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Ohio Kentucky Tennessee Indiana Territory Michigan do. Mississippi do. Louisiana 0) o >• o t: o a- a; "o 2 C 146 Of the Commerce of the United States-. A STATEMENT Of the Domestic Exports of the United States in relation to the sources whence they are derived. a. Produce of the Sea. Spermaceti oil and YEARS. Dried salt fish. Pickled fish. Whale oil and bone. Candies. Total of the Sea. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. {■•yisos 1,620,000 560,000 280,000 175,000 2,635,000 1804 2,413,256 639,419 311,028 69,720 3,433,423 1805 2,058,000 348,000 314,000 163,000 2,884,000 IBD© • xts6jom~- 366.000 418,000 182,000 3,116,00(1!' i8or 1,896,000 302,000 476,000 130,000 2,804,000 1808 623,000 98,ooa 88,000 23,000 832,000 J8Qg , 1,123,000 282,000 169,000 136,000 1,710,000 1810 913,000"' 214,000 222,000 132,000 1,481,000* 1811 757,000 305,000 78,000 273,000 1,413,000 1812 592,000 146,000 56,000 141,000 935,000 1813 210,000 81,000 2,500 10,500 304,000 1814 128,000 50,000 1,000 9,000 188,000 1815 494,000 218,000 57,000 143,000 912,000 1816 935,000 221,000 116,000 59,000 1,331,000 1817 1,003,000 325,000 231,000 112,000 1,671,000 b. Produce of the Forest. YEARS. Ginseng, peltry, &c. Naval Stores. Pearl and Pot ashes. Lumber, Masts, &c. Total of the Forest Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 1803 630,000 460,000 735,000 2,800,000 4,850,000 1804 1,047,305 327,931 642,000 2,548,000 4,654,466 1805 1,115,000 702,000 776,000 2,602,000 5,261,000 1806 980,000 409,000 935,000 2,537,000 4,861,000 1807 995,000 335,000 1,448,000 2,637,000 5,476,000 1808 161,000 102,000 408,000 723,000 1,399,000 1809 468,000 737,000 1,506,000 1,843,000 4,583,000 1810 317,000 473,000 1,572,000 1,579,000 4,978,000 l&ll 393,000 834,000 752,000 3,195,000 5,286,000 1812 133,000 490,000 333,000 1,638,000 2,701,000 1813 58,000 91,000 204,000 754,000 1,107,000 1814 61,000 31,000 217,000 261,000 570,000 1815 419,000 455,000 865,000 2,171,000 3,901,000 1816 553,000 798,000 1,630,000 4,312,000 7,293,000 1817 790,000 345,000 1,967,000 3,196,000 6,484,000 (41) The year in these statements commencing on the 1st day of October, 1802, and ending on the 30th day of September, 1803. Of the Commerce of the United States. 447 STATEMENT Of Domestic Exports, continued. c. Produce of Agriculture. Aaimal food and YEARS. Animalk Vegetable food. Tobacco. Cotton. Total of Agriculture. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 1803 4,135,000 14,080,684 6,230,000 7,920,000 32,995,000 1804 4,284,568 12,080,684 6,000,000 7,404,117 30,385,262 ,1805. 1806- ._ 3,385,000 11,752,00.0^ _-.^6,34kOJ)0^„ 6;572,000 2^445,000 8,331,000 31,562,000 32,aZ5,000 3,27pD5:i 117150,060 1807 3,ogs;ooo 1?;352,000 -y;i76,o6o -14,23^,000 37,832,000— 1808 968,000 2,550,000 838,000 2,221,000 6,746,000 1809 1,811,000 ' 2,i6g,0Qb 8,751,000 10,750,000 3,774,000 5,048,005 8j5 15,000 1^08,065 23,234,000 23,500,000 1810 '"1 1811 2,866,000 20,391,000 2,150,000 9,652,000 35,556,000 1812 1,657,000 17,797,000 1,514,000 3,080,000 24,565,000 1813 1,101,000 19,375,000 319,000 2,324,000 23,119,000 1814 482,000 2,216,000(''2) 232,000 2,683,000 5,613,000 1815 1,332,000 11,234,000 8,235,000 17,529,000 38,808,000 1816 2,093,000 13,151,000 12,809,000 24,106,000 53,354,000 1817 2,069,000 22,954,000 9,230,000 22,628,000 57,222,000(«i d. Produce of Manufactures. From Domestic From Foreign Total of Uncertain articles; Grand Total of YEARS. materials. materials. Manufactures. cified in the returns. Domestic Exports. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. Dolls. 1803 790,000 565,000 1,355,000 — 42,235,000 1804 1,134,864 454,916 2,189,000 — 41,095,089 1805 1,579,000 721,000 2.300,000 — 42,887,000 1806 1,889,000 818,000 2,707,000 — 46,504,000 1807 1,652,000 468,000 2,120,000 — 48,700,000 1808 309,000 35,000 344,000 — 9,433,000 1809 1,266,000 1,506,000 3,145,000 373,000 31,405,702 1810 1,359,000 558,000 2,405,000 488,000 42,366,675 1811 2,062,000 314,000 3,039,000 663,000 45,294,043 1812 1,135,000 220,000 1,355,000 486,000 30,032,000 1813 372,000 18,000 390,000 88,000 25,008,000 1814 233,200 13,100 411,000 164,700 6,782,000 1815, 1,321,000 232,000 1,553,000 791,000 45,974,000 1816 1,415,000 340,000 1,755,000 1,049,000 64,782,000 1817 1,517,000 685,000 2,202,000 734,000 68,313,000 (42) Including 37,000 dollars for other Agricultural Products, independent of " Vegetable Food." (43) This amount includes 341,000 dollars for sundry Agricultural Products not included in the preceding columns. 148 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the Duties collected on the importation of 1805.(44) l8oe. 1807. 1808. 1809. SPECIES OF MEUCHANDISE. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Goods paying duties ad valorem at 7J per centum. — — — — — Do. 12^ do. 588,910 75 638,712 50 569,757 75 136,822 00 167,591 25 Do. 15 do. 129,005 85 133,901 20 121,346 25 50,279 70 59,731 60 Do. 20 do. 9,312 80 14,078 20 13,999 40 2,684 80 4,054 80 Do. 25 do. __ .^ .^ Do. 27i do. — . — _ Do. 30 do. , .._ _ _ _^ Do. ' • 32J do. -£ _ — .... Do. 334 do. ^— — — - — Do. 40 do. , . , _ _ Do. 42§ do. , __ Alum 1 1 Copperas »* — — Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. 4,208 48 1,519 02 6,484 98 88 16 704 70 all other Madeira 5,692 00 142 00 1,240 00 — 69 40 Burgundy and Champaign 477 00 49 50 107 10 170 80 9 00 sherry and St Lucar 3,749 60 9,512 80 2,557 60 300 00 404 40 claret, &c. in bottles or cases 17,580 50 7,334 25 10,683 40 4,032 70 3,300 50 Lisbon, Oporto, &c. 1,262 40 603 00 3,035 40 899 84 1,119 30 Teneriffe, Fayal, &c. 5,620 44 7,967 68 8,967 16 2,359 86 421 96 all other 47,225 44 24,650 71 26,918 51 24,559 56 11,390 75 Spirits, from grain 12,151 72 6,333 88 2,855 16 1,050 96 2,264 36 other materials 34,284 04 61,450 48 65,691 20 14^953 60 8,331 12 Molasses 1,391 70 1,433 90 668 30 39 60 176 55 Beer, ale, and porter 1,532 48 730 80 261 84 — 14 40 Teas, bohea 948 48 786 96 245 40 101 52 129 72 souchong, &c. 13,262 58 17,964 90 17,218 08 672 84 21,204 72 hyson and imperial, &c. 23,267 84 31,847 36 31,075 84 939 20 27,163 84 other green 9,697 00 14,578 20 26,141 80 761 00 3,887 00 Coffee 93,946 35 52,024 85 43,780 00 42,637 85 76,828 65 Cocoa 2,907 90 10,582 28 14,183 10 3,693 96 3,705 18 Chocolate — — — — 30 00 Sugar, brown 106,826 47 56,582 40 90,475 07 15,726 57 62,072 12 white, clayed, &c. 205,256 97 45,977 07 92,708 76 20,804 61 34.108 38 candy 108 2T — — — — loaf and other refined 22 59 153 00 — — — Almonds 422 32 438 20 824 26 383 76 360 04 Currants 87 90 54 98 266 22 37 52 Prunes and plumbs 213 22 170 80 221 20 27 92 7 52 Figs 42 02 147 98 96 82 — ..— Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel 801 14 730 26 1,297 88 427 68 378 96 all other 326 04 851 11 751 68 17 43 133 45 Candles, tallow 29 46 110 96 147 52 2 00 24 60 wax and spermaceti 67 38 67 44 1 80 — — Cheese 1.097 67 892 78 1,103 69 267 75 166 46 Soap Tallow 5,228 06 1,045 98 1,203 10 116 30 971 94 80 02 650 70 83 32 29 71 — Spices, mace 1,015 00 7,703 75 538 75 — 50 00 nutmegs 250 00 5,541 00 946 00 4 50 168 50 cinnamon 693 00 465 20 223 60 81 40 189 60 cloves 3,407 60 4,792 00 1,065 60 556 80 296 00 pepper 131,452 80 77,938 92 51,334 32 21,530 04 21,901 88 ''44) The year commencing on the 1st of October, 1804, and ending on the 30th of September, 1805. Of the Commerce of the United States. Articles re-exported without being entitled to Drawback. 14» 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 18ie. 1817. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. DoBs. Cts. D0U3. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cu. — — — -_ — .— 251 25 758 32 299,513 62 334,254 25 88,497 13 10,093 12 570 62 — — , 61,809 15 61,881 60 26,238 90 1,374 45 — — 1,083 60 38,213 25 5,781 21 6,861 20 1,199 40 123 20 — — 3,120 20 25,391 40 — — — 6,161 50 3,515 75 199,083 50 341,363 25 214,167 75 — — — — — 40,988 30 . — — _ — — — 672 30 3,382 50 100,402 00 161,005 50 41,694 90 — — — — 668 20 — .^ — — — — — — — 29,813 00 — — — — — 2,976 80 12,456 80 8,670 80 — — — — — 135 15 — — — — — — — — 3 00 — — — 1 00 9,753 28 5,117 92 1,307 90 249 40 2 32 351 48 1,432 60 1,159 00 2,573 50 2,516 00 1,625 00 53 00 — 955 00 , ,,, 80 55 139 05 — — — 18 00 1,072 00 1,937 60 67 20 — 640 00 — — 4,743 20 2,311 20 1,569 75 1,813 00 1,222 55 708 40 168 00 1,005 90 2,955 40 3,474 80 286 20 2,568 60 4 80 — — 915 60 2,015 40 3,186 50 1,574 16 742 28 166 88 — — 33 60 9,363 20 13,406 80 1,638 00 8,119 92 6,784 08 10,506 86 59 80 6,844 80 12,904 04 4,761 50 786 80 718 20 2,615 90 — . — 22,302 03 7,508 90 3,042 36 6,146 28 1,975 68 1,870 40 3,586 00 126 72 5,579 96 57,626 88 20,730 99 118 50 218 35 153 55 31 50 — 219 60 491 50 239 05 36 00 69 28 — — — 444 16 314 72 316 60 2,334 84 205 56 708 42 — — — 777 56 127 79 27,758 88 323 46 1,002 64 — — 4,558 40 4,572 92 10,566 11 37,685 76 9,942 72 14,912 60 82 56 — 2,187 81 908 82 5,260 00 24,933 80 5,736 40 709 95 — — — 2,435 79 264 00 274,262 35 22,239 00 44,420 10 31,615 70 50 150,827 20 60,650 10 54,718 50 3,808 42 10,433 80 1,667 00 913 92 — 35,751 20 3,532 24 5,521 12 — — — — — — 83 70 3 00 121,772 67 27,704 10 5,740 83 46,131 40 — 56,333 45 52,290 00 38,020 53 84,715 92 52,246 41 46,943 16 8,514 54 — 351 18 8,420 48 29,742 16 — — — — — — - 9 96 — 70 59 — — .36 90 45 00 86 16 419 28 59 84 538 94 603 20 10 48 31 95 66 26 56 62 — — — 1,473 76 243 76 190 77 100 54 30 00 — — — 1 76 — 22 50 71 22 99 24 153 96 8 40 — 47 44 8 34 777 06 190 22 79 86 — 100 00 4 24 1,150 92 212 28 197 70 55 80 6 26 — — 17 70 716 31 — — 51 24 — — 28 00 18 80 15 36 — — — — — . — ..^ 26 81 15 75 — — — — 252 00 397 26 302 24 487 16 114 38 1,355 24 10 48 538 40 1,224 60 727 53 — — — — — — 820 47 35 84 761 25 42 50 435 00 75 00 ~ 12 50 — 191 00 2,462 00 481 50 350 50 ~^ ~- 442 00 93 00 278 40 11 20 617 60 664 60 180 80 % — 4,712 80 68 40 140 00 2,887 60 8,731 40 4.034 40 358 40 — 3,020 80 5,657 20 217 00 66,399 42 8,330 28 7,592 46 91 08 — 29,597 24 3,332 16 16,997 52 2 D 150 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1805. 1806. 1807. 1808. 1809. . Amount of duty. Aniount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty Amount. of duty. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cm. Spices, Pimento 35 56 59 88 353 28 142 56 472 68 Chinese cassia 5,106 80 957 72 933 08 175 20 1,111 24 Tobacco manufactured other than snufF and cigars 7,576 68 2,133 00 60 00 109 02 ^ Snuff 159 80 491 60 185 00 40 60 Indigo 15,687 25 13,024 25 14,669 00 1,729 25 5,157 75 Cotton 8,406 69 11,591 61 22,741 53 1,748 64 5,079 21 Powder, hair 10 00 23 80 — 40 00 — gun 2,913 20 761 60 2,081 12 37 00 40 00 Starch 3 78 — __ Glue 52 28 21 24 _ _ '. Iron, anchors and sheet 706 72 13 08 393 63 64 71 -^ slit and hoop 384 77 716 04 413 73 78 08 421 14 Nails 1,992 02 2,190 92 3,597 58 1,583 80 1,780 96 Spikes 14 26 66 03 26 28 3 36 — Quicksilver 282 12 384 36 I 20 Paints, ochre, yellow in oil 168 73 209 79 13 35 — 9 21 dry yellow 30 25 9 04 100 63 14 00 1 32 Spanish brown wnite and red lead 31 75 104 42 36 27 33 46 176 81 256 78 883 68 410 42 316 86 63 08 Lead and manufactures of lead 2,903 19 659 32 74 17 28 83 150 62 Cordage, tarred 1,362 50 1,733 86 414 14 224 00 32 22 untarred 37 92 396 00 — — — Cables 47 90 >_ 224 36 Steel — . 297 00 27,295 00 14 00 233 00 Hemp 469 00 60 00 378 00 Twine and pack-thread 412 00 376 00 1,356 00 8 00 20 00 Glauber salts 688 00 92 00 114 00 4 00 16 00 Salt 584 60 1,013 20 1,290 60 118 20 69 72 Coal 49 61 535 80 227 20 10 55 32 40 Fish, foreign caught, dried 8,937 50 31,966 50 90,284 00 27,611 00 1,363 50 pickled salmon 896 00 3,595 00 2,812 00 925 00 483 00 mackarel 1,246 20 2,631 00 2,941 60 416 40 394 80 all other 1,158 40 3,494 00 5,438 40 860 80 24 80 Glass, black quart bottles 477 60 532 20 966 60 26 40 174 00 window not above 8 by 10 — 232 00 108 80 14 40 88 00 do. 10 by 12 — 182 00 5 25 — 78 75 all above 10 by li2 — 29 25 4 50 6 75 — all other 702 55 — — Cigars 1,328 00 2,038 00 1,068 00 142 08 354 00 Boots 98 25 37 50 — — -^ Shoes and slippers, silk 1,362 25 1,080 50 507 00 15 00 205 75 kid and morocco for men and women 1,585 65 337 50 376 65 42 30 266 10 all other for children 25 40 20 30 60 00 15 60 Cards, playing 120 00 2,401 50 1,150 00 V "^ Pewter plates and dishes — 21 20 — ■"" — Cards, wool and cotton — 24 00 — . — Oil, foreign fishing, whale and other fish — — — — olive, in casks — — — _ — Copper and composition rods and bolts — — — — nails and spikes — >^ — »— 3 Iron in bars and bolts rolled — -— — -_ otherwise — — — _ Duck, Russia — — .— ^- — ravens ""■ ■■■" ^~ ^" "^ Total, Dolls. 1,531,618 32 1,297,535 25 1,393,877 15 383,948 11 • 532,079 63 Of the Commerce of the United States. 151 Continued. 1810. 1811. 1812. 1813. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1817. Amonnt of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Amount of duty. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 182 84 164 56 891 48 412 80 3 60 1,599 60 196 14 2,813 40 2,280 00 1,855 64 431 04 16,030 24 2,583 60 2,304 84 — — — — — 7,748 48 8,075 60 _ — — — __ 133 20 64,364 00 6,441 75 7,556 50 2,935 50 9,035 00 48,377 50 3,074 85 l,92r 80 28 86 — 28 38 — 12,384 76 1,853 04 1,473 60 ^^ -^ •^ ^— ^__ m.^ —^ 90 08 498 00 — — _ 2,082 00 1,890 24 1,941 60 — — — — __ — 48 00 — 40 00 — — — ^_^ _ — — — — __ — 2,939 88 1,067 40 780 80 215 35 — 343 54 52 04 204 98 15,925 00 1,197 00 2,208 22 36 98 — 79 28 10,323 52 1,204 84 1,050 75 — — — — , 1 7 56 — — — — — — __ .1,770 00 5,409 96 — 9 27 36 00 — — . 1 8 40 93 75 52 52 130 00 7 80 — — , — 107 56 234 53 — 84 72 45 22 — , — 8 00 _ 437 00 493 32 6 00 — *_ 44 40 1,237 36 624 66 817 07 440 65 17 42 — 201 60 87 54 957 58 890 70 312 86 1,864 34 2,885 72 — __ 44 12 956 24 374 82 27 50 143 50 . — — __ 1,162 85 789 00 52 00 — — — — 372 04 1,606 48 — 1,175 00 404 00 198 00 — 18,524 00 592 00 1,003 00 — — 1,826 00 — — — 68 00 68 00 — — _-, — 24 00 80 00 24 00 — — ._. 12 00 1,680 00 1,531 40 179 60 12 00 — 317 00 955 60 2,834 00 98 80 — — __ 37 80 292 00 748 00 — 1,428 00 143 00 2,099 00 1,672 00 234 00 132 00 — — — ^ 54 00 75 60 486 00 351 00 240 00 16 20 — — 50 00 20 00 66 40 — — — 76 80 177 00 61 20 387 60 17 40 33 60 43 20 765 60 364 32 62 40 214 40 — — 12 80 65 00 172 50 71 75 — — 115 50 — 686 00 1,273 25 — 32 30 — — — — » — — — „— — 3,134 00 368 00 256 00 — — 660 00 1,796 00 1,012 50 — — — — 120 00 37 50 140 00 — — — __ 15 00 40 50 49 65 — — 391 20 299 00 18 50 — — — — ..^ 360 00 150 00 — — — 1,488 50 — — — — — — — — — — _ — — — — — — — — — — — — 484 50 ..^ — — — — 115 00 — — — — — — — 1,581 92 — — — — — — — 190 48 — — — — — — — 1,899 00 M^ — — — — — 513 90 ._ — — — — — — 426 00 — ^^ """ ■ ' "~~ *~" 501 25 1,126,385 40 597,000 35 277,698 35 128,796 29 8,676 61 747,540 19 845,789 44 627,206 37 152 Of the Commerce of the United States. H < H CD -d v h O Q^ M (U (U (A -a 13 ed J3 o h IB S 4) ^ ^4-1 o a "^ ■5b •c . ;s O 02 a iuo a> ^ a .*; 1» i§ S^^ o a) <« -S o •^ e S 1 II u cS W ■2 3 ^ "3 S 1 ^1 Do -d ■= "? -3 oT b^ ^ Si u « 'S^. t> +3 g i #^ S^ k. a> -5 13 :S ^ bC 1 « .S "S of S •3 O t© *i 00 '*- i^ rt 4) f«? -o o C000cnTjiOiCTl-.T-l0«©(OT'*O>P5C» >0Oi-IG?'-lr-1'*CTrH05-*l--eQ>0Cn .2 000>OKOOOtnt--oo'otf50CT(NaiO> 3 S Ph CO 4 T-T 1-H T-h" Tl I-( I-t O51f>00C000Tfl?|-*O>-lt^O5tOO00 »^»^cNoOTrai'^oo«5Kco«opsg5Tf O'-l'^CT'^CTOCT^OlOr-COh.K.Tf B CN •"J*" of m" 00 rn" to" K 00 oT >0 00 00 oo(oo050j_>oo'o «s K irT oJ oT lo 05 oT -^r" Tf T)? T(<" ifT ■>*" csf K wl CTOTtNCNlO ■>»iOO>OOJi-<'-lK»^b- CC OGt'-i'-ieOOOCOtOOiOOi-itDO s lO00.-<"Or-(»^h-O'*001om00 CO «0OO©WO'O0000CT»CT0CJ_ §1 cs w 3 Kco «3 oT'* -^oThCTfo oTo r4' ^ S Z, 000>©)-3'<00«tOcO«otooOTpj"o-5ro>^>-H S-i coto"otr oooooOTfTTofoocnoo g'? KO>T-l.-lT-l ITTOIOCTCOOOWCTOO « 1) TfcJtOK'O |000000C0Ttioo>f>aoooo» ^ •>^CTC0 11 '^"'5,'^''l°'2.'^'-2,'^"'?,°i^°?,''5,'^^ ta lo oT >-r kT cf oT 00 vT cf -t^ o 00 Tf CO o 1? ^ >OCTOOOOCOOOO!'-lOCTl^OK^OO "" cN«aiOi>o«Nootoo>o<>!coioco»^ t 'r>-i(s? CO K.-ieD00CTO>OirtO-*05'!)*CT00lO «- 0»^O-*>OCO'*CT>CT00OOCNO "■o 1 ooioococN-icnoiCTCooo-^airtCn In n OOOOJOOOWCOCOO-^WrHtfloIO ^ t— ( 1— ( 1^ Tf<0W050Ji-i>OO><«»^'HKCf5CJlOs CDOiTOT-lOO'OOi'^'O-^OCTOJOO ^ oi CTlOOltiTfCN'-HlOCOKKt^CNr-ICNOO « £ K'>a"lOKTf*»^'V'*Tf-*tOOe0>^OC!?'*b»'-i 1 ■*00-*KcoKO<0>0'-i.HOCT©! i-ioOCOO>COK>OOtOWK.K.OOKm m t-rK'oo"t£rooerrco"Ti<''o'ooorO«O i-l(Ne>?COC'5 CO"1'>r5CT S TflOrti-HtDc^KCT00i-<^Ol'^C3500«5 »■_! a «>-OC?3rHi-H'Tl<'cOC5' -~ o tH r-t a. S -M ■>S TOrfiotOb-OOOlOi-ieieOTfiOtOK OOOOOOO^-fr-ll-HT-HrHl-ll-tl-H coooooooooooooooooooaooooooooo i x ^ o 00 CO o « ■tS •«J « (Nco'^incOKoooiO — 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 s s 6 o o o Of the Commerce of the United States. 153 H o H I?; H << H CT>T-|10«|(N'*00«OK>0©(>0100 OOOO'^OoOtOO— i05OTtOOI-*'*(N J2 0>THKKS)KO!nb-OOG)OOco^ ^ ?^ OOOo'ofoforoOCOSroJKO'lo'cji'CTbC E-r 1 K>OK-(O00l0«3O»^<«00(NKO50T)f i-lKG5®IKO500GJ-^'n^KO>O>K g*d ■*oo>t,oo-*ao-*KG?>ococoiooo 8 i ^ 2 -g ■" •gj tH tH H i-(coo^tOG^oooOTKWcooiCTirHe!CT-*to ©IcOG^T-HG^loOi-fOOOcOi-lcOG^co « tOCTr^CTWOiW-^lotOlOCTlOOm ■g ;g 00 00 K 00 «3 >o 00 CT OJ 00 «0 «0 H 00>OOK©!OOKf-i>'*00(N010G?0«'^<0©!©!0QCTOO0?-!)' ■a s so'i-H K <0 qTio tONTtsTof »C-*0?05 -rf cu .£3 1-H d OOtOi-iCTi-iNTfTfOOO'^tO-^Tt" OKO«Oe!CTb,CSio05»^00.-i,-iiO CD otO'* O 05Tj^00 .2 .a OOOOOtONiOCOl^©'* OOOcO c Of^ .-H Ofof-H T^ CftK00O©IO^CT>-*©!00Ortb-'* ■O'OOOOOTfCTrtK'-lG^CTOOCDm "m Ol rft-t^eiGqosCTio^omooi-H'^io V >-i "HOrofi-H of-^'orfio'crf'^Krtoof M •-(00KlOOOa)'!fOlO«3»^lDCTTti.-Ha>-<}i g to" en lO Tt tvT go" t:(<* Tf •>)■" CT CO 00 T-H bT ^ ji, »^00>OtO'O'HloCT-!r(N— 1 CTIJJTJI [i p^ ^ ^ OmOK-'toooo-^h^oiWO'^NTf »-,G?rfi0(5)OTtiO00-He!r-i0)O3i-i ■o-j OOOOlO-^OOOtOOOCTOOCTOOOOlO •^1 1-H Kr-^oro'>oo'-i«Kin"*'ooi-itatocoO'-i«p -gi T Tto>r>Ti0'-i©!co-*>otoK OOOOOOOT-(T-HT-Hr^T-Hl-(i-I^H 000000000000000000000000000000 CO JS o CT to o » < GQ> XCOaOOOODOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOCOQO o o s o 2 E ir>^^,3.,}iOOVG?««io iTtrtb, rtOZTt-oOi-lCTCftlOCTCTCT Itnoio ■vooUi-HCTooKoooom CDcorf tpt-ToOtOCT'^rco'rHtO'CTOO bCofto ^ CCfMrlOOb-QOO r-llOOO i-HlOO! ^ «0 t-H i-*^ CO (N G^ l-H KG?iOC0K«3K00ySK©lKa>-^oKT-Hoo>o«otoo u OOOOOrHCOOOCncOr-lb^lOOOlOOOS 3^ oa^mmcn'ScO'-i ■^hCto-^'oooon'' f^ qiai-^oob-T-ioOTji'^oi^ootoKO) rt0q00CO00C0>O»~,O)K(Ni-i-^tOCT T-( T-( ■*0'*oo<¥!'>»"oocnoo05ics»^ »0>0«OJOOIOKCTOO-H010(NO>CO 0>lOb-«3Tf^c'5>f5K'-i«i-lO-HOT 4( m Oito'toooco-*"to'ooo-^o>ifr^to p ^ 00b.,loO5tOOltOO)t^r-li-l00'*Klt> CO ■5j''q<;oooaiooCTnK'-ia)0» TJ tOOCT-^Oi-lrHOOTfCO'OKK-tO >■ t coto>oCTtO(N>r)00>toOtO'*'OtDc'3Kr-(N'OO00 100050000t-(CO,-(«'^ -^lOtO 03 a>o©iTt"»^ iCTtOrHO loooioo h^OlCTOVO 0>-*«W |(?|tD>^Tj> 61 OlTfOlCTO! tOtS^T-' KOO 00 s ■Jti-HOOo'oO I-HOT-^CO 00«r CO a -£5 COCOCTTfCO 05©lco « fi (Mco>or) 00 CI ' A £ to CO O! lO O •* CO J3 T-H 1— ( ^ 0) 00i-,O'-HrH-H00(U(S!tOC^»^00>O'* >^0)-*coio«oaj»-i'jKlOi-iKtOO>Ort t.,b,t^ ^ T~t E- rHlo»-,tOC«O00W30!'*t^lOT-i(N00 tOb^iooooocrjooi-HtoajtocNooCT 00«0O-*00000l-Tfcoco>f5ioOrtK>ciao OG^I-^-^G^©(cotOKT-'Ki-HCOO^K en ooG?030JOtO'ocoj:>coioco J^ ■^''to'cobCm" "oKi-HOlco tocooo —1 TH -r-l ?l4 X) 2s;ss>^<»<^°'-''ncot)<«:)«3k 0000©OO.H,HrtrtrH- ». 0) 02 ^ o CO m o ea WcoTfiotok^ooooHHtrjcoTfioto c^ OOOOOOOO^HTHrHT-Hi-HTH^H t« OOOOGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO o . as g g 154 Of the Commerce of the United States. ei m 0) (L> ••-s g- •♦^ 1« o a> _ . rB 1 ^ t*- *^ O .K TS V V ^ s 03 3 « £^ ^ »» 0) fl S9 S ;a -2 S s 2 Ji 6 cd u D J3 «H 0) ^ 02 02 S 1— ( -a £2 .O ^ heU ptem ^ p^ +j a) w 1^ O (U H r^ fe ^^ « a ^ cles enumerated, annually ctober, 1802, and ending o ■s o ^ 5 TS o -S 1 •■a ^ g a -^ V 3 O u s a* TS 60 O 0- .3 ^ — u - fl Jl SP g ^ ■S s s o u Wheat bushels. 00 CO ©1 Indian corn, bushels. •* o o? Flaxseed, bushels. 00 Fish, pickled. Barrels. 00 of Fish, dried or smoked. quintals. en of Flour, barrels. 1-t 00 Cotton other than Sea Island. Ibs.W to J— ( ■*" l-H 0« o ■^ Cotton, Sea Island. lbs.(46) Candles, Wax or Spermaceti. lbs. 00 oo" CT Candles, Tallow. lbs. <£> ,—1 Biscuit o;* ship bread. barrels. 00 Beef, barrels. ■^ 00 in Bees wax. lbs. 00 Ashes, Pot and Pearl. tons. (71 «o" Cheese, lbs. s Oi 00 Butter, lbs. to m o> 00 1-H Skins and Furs. value in dolls. 00 to .1 m Ginseng, lbs. Whalebone, lbs. Turpentine, barrels. to Rosin, barrels. CD o o Pitch, barrels. to to Tar. barrels. 1— ( 00 CO o" 00 Tobacco, manu- factured, lbs. to •n ■ Vi m Tobacco, hhds. 00 en Rice, tierces. CO to" 00 Pork, barrels. to Oi o o ea o S c " § a Oi a a .2 o tS- -d a ® a p— I .±;' « 3 a> M " s -^ en S , , 4) •fl CO ^ u o a) > tS § .a N C 1"^ * "-I ^ o w O IS o -d a, « td -^ a i-i ^ a « 2 3 t*-l p « J3 ^1 § u od .M M J2 y ■|3 Of the Commerce of the United States. 155 c m o 1-1 •g 00 rrt !- JS x> u ■a S 4> Ph s 4) ? O 40 .£! O CO CI q:> & ^ V S ^ o a so 13 ?; -d a 01 r T3 o Oi 1^ w ■0^ o 00 2 " ■« O S CO O -a -a s a s o 6)0 '3 a o CO f o ■a a o a 1 1 Per cent, of the total value of the merchan- dise exported annually to all nations. IfJTflntOCT-^h.O'OWOCTOOKoOG^OWOWCT'* O^TjJ»n»f5tDTftr3T-l^r-|J05C'5Tf'^T-H^Oh,(yiOitOOG^ r-5c5WlOOt^THK05(S»^CTO)>r)O!i-HTt00-*G»rt'*a)0t G?»^Ob-K»^>OT-li-HOO-*00O»s. rn" oq" CO 00 00 of 00* rt" -"J^" of r-T 1 ? V h 1 1 1 a & Per cent, of the total value of this species of merchandise ex- ported, annual- ly to all nations. coao(N6)GJO(-*ooooj^ioO'<<ocno6ci;dooc5oooi-5THi-5ooc5 V ■« -a ll < cooOT-oo>-~oa>ooooooo'*oocooioo>o«3aitoK coOiKrH^lotOioSD io««0_l0KK«tO0l_i-<^OG5c0i-H^K. ^ oT 00 wf ,-J CT of irT Tf <» «3 >-H «3' o oT o m ■*" '-H o oo" bT o t-T .= i-HKi-H;DOi-H01K0iC>00i-iy3h^KG0i-Hlc0>»OQ^©lTj< p O 1-1 O CJ.OO 00 y3 00 lO (D (30 Ol « TH tH CO CO Tt> Gl 1-1 i 1 o a is o-^05oocn«D(SOJ050co'*Tto C00tK00K050ic0'-HO-*OO(N^>OOC001Tt>>OOO ddco-*-*-*rHooioi-!6666d6d6«d6od n < »^0-r)000>!Di-i THCOCDO^^O»O^HG^CTl^OOCOOOO^COKCOl-^OS'rHCOT-) b^O000001^rHlo«C«Ol0iC0_^TfWiHTrO>rH0q(N00OTO iSbCtodofdcoto"ooGf'*of''t>ocodco^d'oocooocoT)<''oi' ■oOa>OC0O>OC0TH0>lO'Oi-lrH0J>OCft tNG^lOrl tH pCO TfCOK-OOb^^tDlH^lH TH T-(rHTHG^ th" th" t-T cd" co" itT ■^" ^ 1-* 1 o o g o Russia Prussia Sweden and dominions thereof Denmark and do. Holland and do. Great Britain and do.C''^) Hamburg, Bremen and Hanse towns / France and dominions thereof Spain and do. Portugal and do. Italy Trieste and Austrian ports on the Adriatic Turkey, Levant and Egypt Barbary States Cape of Good Hope China Asia generally- East Indies do. West Indies do. Europe do. Africa do. South Seas North West Coast eS t- o =-• '-4^ d o a « > 0,5 156 Of the Commerce of the United States. SECTION III. OF THE IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES. Our Imports consist chiefly of articles which habit and fashion have made necessary for om- consumption : but a very small proportion of them is sub- servient to our arts and manufactures. The statements of the imports, specify the merchandise under two distinct classes, viz. that paying duties ad valorem, or according to its value, and that which is subject to specific duties, or on which the duty is paid on the quantity imported; the merchandise admitted free of duty, is not stated in the returns. The duties ad valorem accme chiefly on manufactured articles, and they compose by far the greatest variety of our importations; they are generally brought from Europe, and more especially from Great Britain. Such of the manufactured articles as pay specific duties, as weU as the wines and the greater part of the fruits, are likewise imported from Europe; but the rum, molasses, coffee, sugar, cocoa, pepper, indigo, pimento, and cotton, all of the class paying specific duties, are rarely imported from other countries, than the colonies which belong to European nations; teas are seldom imported from any other country than China. In 1791, the imports into the United States, were valued at 19,823,060 dollars.^**) On the average of the three years 1802, 1803 and 1804, they amount- ed to 75,316,000 dollars, per annum ;(*^^ for 1806-7, they have been estima- ted at 138,574,876 dollars; and for the calendar year, 1815, at 133,041,274 doUars.C^o) In 1791, our exports were valued at 19,012,041 dollars, and were only 811,019 dollars less than the value of the imports for that year; at that time the exports consisted chiefly of domestic produce. On the average of the three years, 1802-3 and 4, the exports amounted to 68,855,000 dollars per annum, of which sum 39,928,000 dollars were for the domestic produce exported; the apparent balance, against the United States, then amounted to (48) Report of the Secretary of State to the House of Representatives, February, 1791. (49) Report of the Secretary of the Treasury to the House of Representatives, in 1806. (50) Pitkins's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, p. 195 and 197. Of the Commerce of the United States. 157 6,855,000 dollars. During the twelve years, from 1791 to 1802, our imports acquired an augmentation of 55,492,940 doUars; in 1791, they were about 5.05 doUars for every inhabitant; in 1802, if we suppose the population to have been 6,300,000, the imports were as 11.95 dollars for each inhabitant; or the people increased 63.03 per centum, whilst the imports augmented 279.99 per centum. This very extraordinary and extravagant increase of the importa- tions, was, probably, occasioned by the prosperity of our foreign commerce, the high prices paid for labour in the United States, and the accommodation which the banks afforded every where to the people. 2F 158 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported ICHANDISE. Quantity To the 31st Dec. 1789. 1790. 1791. SPECIES OF MEI or value. In American and In American and In American and Foreign vessels. Foreign vessels. Foreign vessels. Value of goods, in dollars, payine 5 per cent, duty ad valorem 7,136,57-8 54 14,605,713 06 11,036,447 22 Do. do. 7^ do. 520,182 64 1,067,143 26 7,708,337 81 Do. do. 8 do. __ ^_ Do. do. 81 do. _ , Do. do. 10 do. 305,248 13 699,149 57 1,114,463 85 Do. do. 10| do. — , — Do. do. lOJ do. _ I 1 Do. do. 11 do. —^ Do. do. 12 j do. 5 07 , 1 314,206 93 Do. do. 13 i do. - ___ Do. do. 131 do. .^_ Do. do. 15 do. 2,700 43 4,876 20 Do. do. 15J do. — — 5,654 81 Do. do. 16 do. , , Do. do. 161 do. ^_ , Do. do. 16| do. ___ Do. do. l/jL do. ___ Do. do. 20 do. Do. do. 21^ do. , Do. do. 22 do. , ..^ Do. do. 40 do. .^ ___ Madeira wine gallons 123,590 321,369 ,^_ Do. 1st quality do. — _- 72,502 Do. 2d do. do. — 194,459 Do. 3d do. do. — __ , Sherry wine do. — 50,875 St. Lucar do. — .^ ^__ Lisbon do. — .^ Oporto do. — -^ Teneriffe and Fayal do. — All other wine do. 282,544 818,976 651,136 Spirits of Jamaica proof do. 96,324 739,371 Other distilled spirits do. 769,119 3,409,901 Spirits, 1st' proof do. — — 614,225 2d do. do. — — 498,028 3d do. do. — — 967,699 4th do. do. — , — 1,517,531 5th do. do. — — 26,202 6th do. do. — — 2,957 Foreign distilled spirits from grain, 1st proof do. — — — Do. do. 2d do. do. — __ Do. do. 3d do. do. — , Do. do. 4th do. do. __ Do. do. 5th do. do. . — _ — Do. do. 6th do. do. — __ ^_ Foreign distilled spirits from other materials, 1st proof do. — — .__ Do. do. 2d do. do. — ,^^ Do. do. 3d do. do. — —^ . 1 Do. do. 4th do. do. — — Do. do. 5th do. do. — , Do. do. 6th do. do. — _^ Spirits distilled in the United States from molasses. 1st proof do. — ^^ «_ Spirits distilled in the United States from domestic produce, 1st proof do. — — — Molasses do. 1,780,560 6,418,040 6.868,532 Beer, ale and porter do. 25,G59 107,630 116,048 Do. do. doz. 8,610 29,847 Of the Commerce of the United States. into the United States from Foreign Countries. 159 First half year of 1792. Last half year of 1798. 1793. 1794. In American and In American In Foreign In American In Foreign In American In Foreign Foreign vessels. vessels. vessels. vessels. vessels. vessels. vessels. 3,901,500 85 _ _ _^ __ 3,994,020 05 8,337,646 08 ..^ 14,966,005 07 — 6,778,373 43 — ^» 883,377 18 — 359,190 75 — 219,188 23 278,307 47 — 184,991 95 — 57,597 40 620,695 60 2,579,239 02 — 4,554,485 04 — 10,931,107 72 — _ ^^^ 189,522 63 81,654 02 — 26,732 23 _^ ^^ 168,412 05 57,110 24 -_ 17,745 62 — . ^^ 140,722 94 — 138,908 08 — 468,120 41 221,689 04 .^_ 1 50 664,715 40 1,925,373 85 12,833 60 _^^ ___ ^_ . — , 138 00 ^^ __ . 35,208 83 275,604 59 553,987 74 — 2,414,997 11 — 1,663 56 2,033 77 11,785 27 5,607 43 3,445 49 1,660 68 1,116 07 , , 5,464 55 — 4,705 52 — 14,646 35 , 30,997 46 __ 19,137 84 — 56,638 79 ^^ .._ — — 119,115 65 229 54 588 00 — — , __ ...« 106,881 51 — ^_ __ ___ —. 7,515 20 _ __ ^^ — 25,909 10 . — 50,494 18,636 90 192,732 73 58,866 23 437,749 90 202,115 90 ' 28,233 54,949 1,297 109,745 4,646 121,792 25,646 44,076 17,155 4,390 64,912 2,514 68,443 13,452 31,765 124 54,533 6,054 64,087 31,968 82,656 125,111 3,653 149,271 7,980 165,111 76,825 3,394 1,365 10,082 1,399 9,876 7,260 », 38,316 12,186 197,998 •3,865 326,026 121,604 38,878 523 58,360 1,313 211,006 56,449 263,326 4,726 485,955 78,048 231,854 77,194 370,751 17,580 76,537 24,297 2,216 41,838 10,433 , 479,290 __ ■~~ "~- — ~~~ 395,464 — — — — — — 608,508 — — — — — — 623,131 — — — — — — 4,550 — — — — — — , 358,313 37,612 352,328 6,832 345,193 15,812 545 196 3,863 910 6,657 — __ 825 344 — — 181 122 — — 680 — — 1,023 — 474 — — — z , 167,558 _^ 107,006 425,289 98,164 .^ 614,609 143,793 799,632 86,882 1,120,920 91,772 __ 476,713 136,211 1,259,519 228,055 1,873,692 126,375 307,528 262,518 292,833 437,618 1,279,340 278,564 __ 42,051 14,296 10,371 21,667 14,428 21,898 — 3,469 1,487 627 962 585 •— — — — — — 1,083 — , ^_ 55 , 2,797,046 2,357,539 75,330 4,821,565 108,576 3,334,293 142,613 ' 71,895 75,399 45,746 236,198 42,891 304,379 18,709 21,903 "" 4,384 "•■" 5,341 ^"" 2,790 160 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of Goods, Wares and Merchandise, imported SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. To the 31st Dee. 1789. In American and Foreign vessels. 1790. Ip American and Foreign vessels. 1791. In American and Foreign vessels. Tea from India, bohea lbs. Do. do. souchong do. Do. do. hyson do. Do. do. other green do. Do. from Europe, bohea do. Do. do. souchong do. Do. do. hyson do. Do. do. other green do. Do. from any other place, bohea do. Do. do. souchong do. Do. do. hyson do. Do. do. other green do. Coffee do. Cocoa do. Chocolate do. Sugar, brown do. clayed do. lump do. loaf do. other do. Candles, tallov/ do. wax or spermaceti do. Cheese do. Soap do. Pepper do. Pimento do. Tobacco do. Snuff do. Indigo do. Cotton do. ,. Nails and spikes do. Nails do. Spikes do. Bar and other lead do. Steel unwrought cwt. Hemp do. Cables do. Tarred cordage do. Untarred cordage and yarn do. Twine and packthread do. Glauber salts do. Salt bushels Do. lbs. Coal bushels Pickled fisk barrels Dried do. quintls. Boots pairs Shoes and slippers, silk do. Do. do. leather do. All other shoes for men and women do. Do. do. for children do. Wool and cotton cards dozens Playing cards packs 162,655 36,638 12,305 21,239 10,211 2,135 4.958 2,106 1,276,106 303,621 5,735,459 85,459 25,528 12,063 iro 56,935 10,516 1,004 508 1,535 995,168 3,356.2.19 517.1.8 3,596.3.11 544.0.7 436.3.18 1,250,255 1,503,293 378,683 637,904 89,515 562,394 53,175 14,482 8,821 3,544 , 2.799 5,510 1,289 4,548,478 896,649 22,463,787 184,849 264,168 9,441 4,256 73,213 32,695 3,796 2,383 33,186 97,357 2,117,282 5,269.2.17 7,299.2.14 313.1.21 4,335.2.19 991.3.3 710.3.11 2,196,780 107,810 196,449 5,687 3,166 1,671 3,422 71 r 934 10,387 25,547 39,384 60,636 415 744 18,336 10,546 353,652 97,785 166,047 53,206 420,510 25,729 2,279 174 207 1,993 1,296 299 3,890,863 954,435 21,877,861 215,173 323,957 13,125 599 119,042 54,200 152,650 446,000 4,008 1,386 51,867 260,01 1 2,838,623 2,113,693 7,185.0.14 39,954.1.3 388.2.0 3,669.3.5 1,117.2.23 909.3.24 1,810,421 299,432 1,029 23,835 62,680 717 23.621 into the United States from Foreign Countries, continued. First half year of 1792. Last lialf year of 1792. 1793. 1794. In American and In American ves- In Foreign ves- In American ves- In Foreign ves- In Ameiiean ves- In Foreign \es- Foreign vessels. sels. sels. sels. sels. sels. f sets. 1,250,261 _ 1,182,860 _ 1,397,901 __ 87,024, — — 179,348 — 286,856 — 134,277- — — 101,321 — 94,893 — 25,730 — — 112,467 — 50,206 — 863,429 234,784 — 385,644 76 735,237 1,401 11,391 1,676 123 129,898 62,321 46,440 1,640 2,260 113 77 2,076 17,734 1,475 376 904 50 '' 8,812 11,919 617 576 146 95 59 20 — 618 359 332 35,778 199 6,124 1 786 — 51. 13,216 91 2,019 40 3,615 127 303 7,539 195 1,766 — 79 63 2,535,094 5,236,459 794,888 29,032,564 5,425,614 33,082,798 4,198,243 176,425 328,485 15,259 1,381,214 74,194 832,898 854,339 — 188 25 465 58 222 545 11,084,463 10,487,091 2,519,601 38,773,210 4,772,862 35,253,018 8,374,908 — — — — — 1,432,175 251,853 — — — — 200 ~— 70,572 127,375 27,713 66,495 10,163 42,506 10,631 81,888 6,160 15,509 3,668,654 471,121 2,839,010 501,599 2,799* 494 2,230 4,336 46,087 115,075 9,861 2,017 1,545 140 8,370 1,906 2,295 227 74,307 50,375 20,796 100,240 19,396 237,473 12,288 45,735 5,628 15,660 52,292 178,392 61,150 57,901 315,859 51,227 4,519 307,972 44,125 543,970 92,368 143,549 24,555 120,762 122,816 146,308 607,343 130,743 2,421 3,560 2,270 21,068 9,609 22,909 3,773 469 1,269 825 6,075 1,415 798 59 3,139 9,504 134 233,728 64,945 500,646 43,527 81,611 415,511 34,621 2,177,690 452,549 1,750,755 699,918 1,351,215, — — — , ..« „^ — 1,187,172 504,766 2,028,499 113,024 1,795,439 96,811 — 10,874 16,595 70,006 4,742 62,210 11,414 740,210 835,836 151,287 1,469,664 57,056 1,883,435 86,595 3,576.0.27 3,501.1.24 310.3.20 6,899.1.25 248.1.2 10,747.1.20 58.3.25 117.1.0 46,524.1.13 1,225.3.26 51,734.0.8 425.2.22 89,354.3.06 2,867.3.13 156.1.7 300.0.13 — 356.1.1 30.0.05 907.0.11 345.0.7 2,516.2.16 1,085.0.23 607.2.4 2,574.3.19 235.3.13 5,337.0.10 1,059.3.23 402.1.4 445.3.19 215.1.22 603.3.12 13.3.25 192.3.7 82.1.5 547.0.25 824.0.26 194.1.6 824.3.3 55.1.27 789.2.12 114.3.16 — 218.3.10 87.1.1 358.1.9 30.3.0 673.1.21 16.3.6 914,690 406,915 55,158 731,084 138,819 286,915 124,102 — 14,691,857 7,861,974 46,839,865* 17,776,180 104,228,313 38,425,854 145,267 60,179 62,495 24,000 108,794 46,414 67,828 95 370 150 241 217 260 238 8,514 2,809 98 7,117 44 1,583 , 22,060 — 1 ._ __ — 22,643 19,693 47,809 6,988 33,782 4,128 — 6,531 2,465 10,000 724 5,856 232 93 40 136 81 3 23 72 5,471 16,178 4,278 10,844 1,800 16,740 402 2 G 162 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported ' IstOct. 1795 to SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE Quantity 1st Oct 1794, to the the 30th Sept. or value. 30th Sept. 1795. (SI) 1796. (51) Value of goods, in dollars, paying 10 per cent, duty ad valorem 16,44r,463 21,912,449 Do. do. 10-1 do. 4,107 — Do. do. 11 do. 947,298 1,032.182 Do. do. 12.^ do. 4,861,900 7,207,970 Do. do. 13^ do. 1,815 — Do. do. 13^ do. 88,066 232,120 Do. do. 15 do. 5,314,934 7,217,864 Do. do. 15§ do. 887 — Do. do. 16 do. 13,071 — Do. do. 16.1 do. 24,224 — Do. do. 16| do. 310,252 322,689 Do. do. 20 do. 209,818 321,779 Do. do. 21| do. 6,297 — . Do. do. 22 do. 11,001 14,437 Do. do. 40 do. 606,176 161,048 Do. do. 44 do. 58,651 96,747 Wines, Madeira gallons 524,697 357,109 Burgundy and Champaign do. 5,398 1,567 sherry- all other do. 357,718 478,438 do. 2,153,541 1,783.583 Spirits, foreign from grain do. 276,253^ 182,445 Do. from other materials do. 5,341,816 5,415,049 domestic from molasses do. 1,510 6,744 Do. from domestic produce do. 2,242 Beer, ale and porter do. 405,933 330,540 Molasses do. 4,425,621 4,965,191 Sugar, brown lbs. 60,780,502 58,567,883 loaf do. 54,905 30,434 all other do. 2,947,998 870.837 Teas, bohea do. 2,442,847 1,864,535 souchong, &c. do. 148,918 95,827 hyson do. 74,673 290,642 other green do. 39,401 240,079 Coffee do. 53,960,976 61,141.051 Cocoa do. ^ 1,548,793 1,240,451 Chocolate do. 607 404 Candles, tallow do. 218,496 359,284 wax and spermaceti do. 11,009 11,263 Cheese do. 312,612 477,411 Pepper do. 336,867 1,337,386 Pimento do. 1,325,433 902,279 Soap do. 611,675 919,051 Snuff do. 19,802 3,031 Tobacco do. 37,761 40,469 Cotton do. 4,106,973 4,176.347 Indigo do. 803,242 482,243 Nails and spikes do. 2,251,645 3,073,454 Bar and other lead do. 3,069,104 2,076,816 Steel unwrought cwt. 5,411,123 lbs. 7,024 Hemp do. 8,578,215 do. 71.663 Cables do. 1,051,203 do. 2,404 Tarred cordaM Untarred cordage and yarn do. 4,792,101 do. 11,232 do. 625,101 do. 1,009 Twine and pack-thread do. 1,076,216 do. 2,294 Glauber salts do. 454,102 do. 895 Other salt lbs. 81,507,665 132,117,125 do. bushels 776,085 1,616,688 Boots pairs 792 1,333 Shoes, silk do. 1,550 4,245 leather and morocco for men and women do. 58,878 106,661 do. do. for children do. 10,467 18,976 Wool and cotton cards dozens 80 276 Playing cards packs 9,025 45,625 Coal bushels 125,357 199,895 Malt do. — — (51) The returns as above, for the years 1794-5, 1795-6, and 1798-9, include the importations in into the United States from Foreign Countries, continued. 1st of Oct. 1796 to 30th Sept. 1797. Ist of Oct. 1797 to 30th Sept. 1 798. 1st of Oct. 1799 to 30th Sept. 1800. 1st Oct. 1798 to the 30th Sept. In American In Foreign In Amei'ican In Foreign 1799. In American In Foreign vessels. vessels. vessels. vessels. (52) vessels. vessels. 17,922,018 _ 10,548,632 17,925,727 12,978,816 _ — — — . — 2,551,276 — 1,201,154 — 2,395,887 4,782,571 — 2,551,276 6,517,287 24,691 6,737,823 9,684 7,775,245 16,637,257 4,540 358,472 398,473 1,315,306 __ 1,973,360 7,220,871 = 4,270,655 ~ 5,616,488 7,296,169 — — 404,788 — 435,918 927,390 — 995,447 348,502 — 194,777 — 195,874 263,457 — 20,429 _ 61,823 87,803 , 60,599 334,428 — 282,314 — 158,546 174,181 — ^ 80,178 — 140,188 187,241 — 104,857 383,944 24,743 179,229 16,569 93,612" 204,813 4,616 1,227 396 1,055 276 809 1,081 1,091 335,952 55,684 88,562 17,832 579,344 351,452 78,018 l,-659,082 333,080 587,729 327,302 1,329,133 1,249,330 598,062 1,446,759 30,763 696,166 111,070 468,968 537,262 47,105 4,579,922 712,760 3,561,035 919,719 7,518,126, 3,434,071 747,815 2,313 — 3,387 20 1,408 3,895 413 — — . ,._ 407 _^ 285,108 5,669 209,582 14,116 371,798 250,925 40,570 3,590,594 285,826 4,212,287 417,083 4,100,242 3,434,846 657,831 56,161,901 7,497,895 55,062,151 11,827,363 69,974,972 65,038,640 16,710,836 17,763 — 25,612 3,858 7,468 10,783 48 7,919,204 1,138,148 17,889,423 2,720,611 33,864,028 28,170,908 3,408,536 1,303,433 571 1,204,244 — 3,414,154 2,900,324 72,212 123,503 30,055 313,432 2,564 346,063 738,653 516 229,403 303 221,174 21,979 285,129 670,602 391 231,753 — 286,582 544,247 716,026 20,556 46,263,340 3,228,162 51,816,451 5,906,174 29,978,570 43,258,819 4,131,132 1,374,289 217,181 5,051,541 306,541 6,104,001 4,243,255 2,014,113 385 6 652 1,191 960 444 168,918 32,115 29,977 112,628 118,826 53,094 29,937 4,617 199 3,423 2,557 9,870 3,793 2,155 388,406 5,624 439,622 41,606 343,950 326,965 25,096 1,689,463 178,229 1,112,547 116,668 109,687 1,180,404 179,619 169,515 4,957 63,393 11,406 1,006,791 492,264 80,728 440,813 678,497 74,777 534,840 655,319 2,443,497 344,195 705 608 34,785 402 22,600 11,107 865 30,773 1,325 37,282 4,303 84,662 159,734 14,669 3,274,055 232,512 3,460,829 249,034 3,600,297 3,642,356 597,631 166,635 11,193 214,916 18,995 233,075 625,256 24,987 3,722,139 139,659 2,488,730 137,039 4,291,349 4,188,765 764,945 810,910 21,182 659,615 15,554 2,967,764 2,584,206 158,751 10,256 678 6,637 443 6,349 8,455 966 68,512 3,875 37,121 7,504 158,920 57,577 9,305 2,046 — 695 853 165 51 10,832 1,159 .4,098 5,889 17,768 10,809 5,705 1,156 23 680 419 1,346 989 271 1,820 239 1,357 159 2,275 2,575 165 870 1 607 5 1,168 1,440 31 70,285,289 10,112,359 49,253,290 11,623,521 42,149,300 47,292,126 21,403,337 1,010,616 227,963 1,365,783 438,584 1,719,302 1,388,201 480,901 1,778 381 956 264 2,910 3,685 878 2,722 330 1,956 560 1,864 3,096 140 106,640 10,104 68,531 7,213 90,161 83,329 11,520 24,471 822 7,678 1,260 8,871 7,759 944 164 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported into the Quantity or value. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. SPECIES OF SIERCHANUISE. 1800 to 30th Sept. 1801. 1801 to 30th Sept. 1802. 1802 to 30th Sept. 1803. 1803 to 30th Sept. 1804. 1804 to 30th Sept. 1805. Value in dolls, of goods paying 10 per cent duty ad valorem _ _ Do, do. 12i do. 39,009,977 28,931,541 27,031,912 — — Do. do. 15 do. 9,299,656 8,140,908 7,461,654 30,285,267 37,137,596 Do. do. 17 i do. — — — 7,711,329 7,350,692 Do. do. 20 do. 425,243 421,174 310,414 — _ Do. do. 22i do. -. _- 381,195 345,169 Do. do. 25 do. _ . ^^ Do. do. 27i do. ^_ , , Do. do. 30 do. ,^__ „... , ^ 1 . Do. do. 32^ do. ^_ ^_ Do. do. 40 do. .^_ . , , 1 Do. do. 42§ do. ._ .^^ ^— . . . , Wines, Malmsey, Madeira and London part. gallons 267,855 231,267 325,528 402,455 306,876 all other Madeira do. __ ^^ , , ^-m. Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 2,925 3,458 2,958 1,546 3,412 sherry and St. Lucar all other do. 21,465 428,855 389,295 513,484 394,387 do. 1,880,398 1,962,489 1,250,337 2,753,333 4,447,983 Spirits, foreign from grain do. 809,175 720,148 881,478 1,641,609 702,807 Do. from other materials do. 6,094,700 6,800,882 7,201,722 9,533,962 8,164,603 American from domestic produce do. 337 , . - ^^ 1,345 Do. from molasses do. 3,249 583 Molasses do. 5,114,799 5,866,459 5,877,672 4,787,043 8,334,493 Beer, ale, and porter do. 190,452 ] 37,882 166,301 107,059 188,770 Teas, bohea lbs. 1,380,273 1,863,306 3,960,827 440,574 567,708 souchong do. 673,208 666,435 779,168 1,536,027 1,991,488 hyson do. 528,653 372,128 308,613 536,162 705,764 other green do. 1,220,017 1,327,613 1,273,765 677,761 1,806,936 Coffee do. 50,649,955 36,336,593 13,368,793 48,122,866 45,179,820 Cocoa do. 4,674,899 3,043,768 761,551 1,067,843 2,918,945 Chocolate do. 2,087 3,762 682 980 2,845 Sugar, brown do. 73,483,209 70,554,840 53,754,986 103,171,717 140,161,322 candy and other refined do. 12,715 3,792 19,156 8,134 48,361 all omer, including clayed and white do. 36,022,948 12,997,539 2,425,915 8,266,892 27,501,913 Almonds do. — — — 36,612 131,204 Currants do. — — — 9,613 31,746 Prunes and plumbs do. — — — 24,429 137,756 Figs do. — — — 1,575 149,218 Raisins in jars, boxes and muscadel do. — — — 54,375 784,388 all other do. — — — 11,999 1,362,140 Candles, tallow do. 143,639 175,769 41,530 20.683 105,728 wax or spermaceti do. 997 2,362 1,534 2,595 3,970 Cheese do. 596,875 586,474 110,381 139,666 487,231 Soap Tallow do. 2,180,114 809,647 131,654 1,090,607 994,978 do. — — — 9,549 661,092 Spices, mace do. — — — 488 8,522 nutmegs do. — — 5,914 24,24« cinnamon do. — — 51 12,346 cloTes do. — — _ 11,281 50,954 pepper do. 3,520,504 3,914,952 2,991,939 7,283,848 4.382,903 pimento do. 4,926 164,300 36,606 124,592 45,512 Chinese cassia do. — — — 50,494 389,432 Tobacco manufactured other than snuff and cigars do. 139,223 168,778 49,527 76,149 4,041 Of the Commerce of the United States. iJnited States from Foreign Countries, in American vessels. 165 From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. 1805 to 30th 1806 to 30th 1807 to 30th 1808 to 30th 1809 to 30th 1810 to .30th 1811 to 30th 1812 to 30th 1813 to 30th 1814 to 30th Sept. 1806. Sept. 1807. Sept. 1808. Sept. 1809. Sept. 1810. Sept. 1811. Sept. 1812. Sept. 1813. Sept. 1814. Sept. 1815. 43,115,367 46,031,742 23,780,758 11,408,874 36,267,352 31,875,046 7,128,458 — — — 8,913,970 10,831,509 4,383,454 1,999,824 6,266,705 6,391,192 1,209,511 — — 479,634 671,605 209,029 67,791 503,758 389,626 77,140 _ __ .^ — ^- — — — — — — — 30,963,755 — — — ~— — — 6,268,751 13,186,416 2,843,259 — — — — — — — — — — 6,900,875 — — — — — — 1,791,829 3,510,191 464,803 — — — — — — — — — — . 301,893 — ' — — — — — 35,019 83,694 46,814 — 349,518 383,753 120,535 212,297 301,340 271,725 200,342 4,454 1,269 127,749 — — — — — — — — -^ 13,348 «,653 13,634 3,224 217 738 454 2,132 1,587 696 2,140 370,777 310,851 298,656 314,907 139,805 4,934 28,143 61,013 238 21,858 3,499,457 , 4,494,739 2,656,811 472,683 958,718 1,420,448 1,587,928 424,542 287,341 750,355 1,048,161 1,443,006 467,531 84,683 69,652 102,445 71,830 1,228 494 382,883 9,555,245 9,589,735 4,898,673 3,358,354 4,326,935 3,933,172 4,330,706 898,136 328,672 2,082,388 — — 191 742 484 378 1,480 134 491 653 — -^ ■^— *^ .^_ __ ___ _ _^ ■ 8,206,573 8,211,575 5,595,528 3,880,113 7,578,330 8,389,922 7,608,029 354,389 ' 415,349 3,516,851 270,830 225,572 65,513 9,999 86,295 139,694 21,329 34,829 6,543 31,570 367,346- 1,440,055 711,464 120,178' 1,437,142 188,051 118,877 32,078 17,357 115,155 2/931,799 1,930,508 1,777,288 176,619 2,467,159 196,791 653,577 153,163 57,150 882,329 955,361 1,251,367 884,313 423,110 1,302,556 344,859 384,199 181,701 3,761 136,175 2,707,489 2,823,017 2,047,402 751,627 2,501,336 1,886,057 1,917,523 464,729 86,105 876,944 47,301,910 41,191,707 28,370,114 22,362,767 25,634,259 26,964,114 25,606,206 4,735,748 5,812,898 17,841,754 6,874,289 8,103,098 2,426,879 1,057,537 1,481,907 1,982,238 1,209,053 565,582 269,743 3,067 3,354 1,114 1,394 1,652 2,178 1,232 362 583 _^ 147,241,824 161,095,223 73,291,982 ■42,217,834 58,550,466 50,642,793 61,205,874 8,046,638 7,993,264 33,750,357 5,053 159,986 105,399 1,766 3,113 1,849 231 1,874 335 102,833 35,267,545 43,495,795 22,134,043 16,156,855 9,044,018 18,201,473 15,865,910 507,461 1,766,901 2,471,870 320,649 677,362 362,002 137,649 177,523 171,275 473,699 217,492 51,072 55,703 292,612 436,049 100,570 10,177 180,078 78,483 193,9U) 116,124 4,239 747,554 201,010 103,766 57,897 206 69,314 24,612 60,860 26,970 27,344 71,563 288,930 282,102 85,988 51,686 416,050 214,812 382,320 75 1,713 66,309 562,051 864,298 630,847 302,040 ^ 3,578,119 815,053 690,847 306,129 148,510 100,500 994,977 2,917,763 1,362,318 532,121 r09,499 551,425 143,309 127,124 416,475 ■273,501 502,757 145,461 94 12,038 67,622 25,614 29,376 27,237 39,178 4,743 4,176 7,974 287 691 5,248 4,977 111 446 1,168 504,351 1,027,951 196,063 11,111 25,418 30,016 13,418 22,064 24,260 32,494 2,365,355, 1,959,430 565,886 43,706 103,917 561,374 687,672 23,477 51,325 73,387 ■937,863 -1,074,483 352,025 14,305 53,928 348,382 1,312,369 357,388 333 441,847 14,634 1,690 4,411 1,728 17,570 14,097 2,585 — . 221 18,460 2,275. 10,503 15,855 94,494 156,303 1,845 113 ' 7,018 19,189 9,070 4 1,529 350 18,843 22,741 1 14,837 34,551 46,649 32,981 27,256 119,935 137,052 39,422 46,383 ..^ 10,558 2,441,075 3,209,953 4,641,597 2,563,173 5,995,066 4,011,667 2,508,061 60,505 386,716 171,240 22,983 727,198 369,432 110,556 366,533 591,762 211,328 9,568 5,644 22,838 262,872 128,970 262,529 110,610 385,781 276,280 308,925 54,393 3,780 46,757 9,644 10,090 4,233 634 900 1,352 T-r 2,172 2,537 2,077 19 2 H 166 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported into the SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From Ist Oct From Ist Oct. 1800 to 30th 1801 to 30th 1802 to 30th 1803 to 30th 1804 to 30th Sept. 1801. Sept. 1802. Sept. 1803. Sept. 1804. Sept 1805. lbs. 24,362 4,392 2,477 16,077 13,078 do. 373,966 415,667 108,104 200,130 418,851 do. 3,594,283 3,218,529 2,293,644 2,689,721 1,690,477 do. — — — 321 2,822 do. — — — 97,914 739,728 do. — — — 1,029 6,309 do. — — . — 8,586 26,747 do. — — — 16,926 75,674 do. — — — 147,258 494,419 do. — — — 3,634 87,558 do. 3,r41,547- 3,124,959 3,770,932 4,058,865 4,410,009 do. — — — 7,870 17,759 do. ■ — — — 108,924 154,331 do. — — — 43,145 374,617 do. — — — 354,923 1,751,325 do. 2,186,536 1,503,979 , 2,271,438 3,346,833 3,500,337 do. — — — 613 93,012 do. — — — 288 5,494 do. 17,898 cwt 13,227 cwt. 10,435 cwt 614,873 572,743 do. 1,301 do. 681 do. 1,026 do. 119,229 55,569 do. 1,053 do. 1,874 do. 908 do. 41,543 37,519 ewt. 13,946 11,653 7,685 7,937 9,769 do. 41,846 63,836 94,724 127,762 90,857 do. — — — — do. 1,509 1,339 1,630 2,414 3.029 do. 1,323 825 1,007 815 404 lbs. 48,582,813 54,382,327 69,753,928 69,039,804 71,968,754 bushels 1,607,805 1,802,848 1,748,843 1,667,627 1,917,412 do. 363,148 — 279,678 220,752 318,841 quintls. — — — 159 303 barrels do. do. — — — — 72 1 492 __ .^ __ 96 groce — — — 2,668 15,494 100 sq. ft. — — — 1,164 14,376 do. — — — 250 2,214 do. — — — 478 2,817 1000 — — — 2,274 10,319 casks — — — 66 177 pairs 4,875 4,670 4,330 3,572 3,026 do. 2,406 0,721 3,237 4,934 9,472 do. 65,563 63,973 50,910 56,409 51,192 do. 6,086 6,309 6,695 4,881 16,002 packs 118,118 132,985 3,690 6,196 8,475 dozens 61 84 12 48 1 bushels — — — 6 — Snuff Indigo Cotton Powder, hair gun Starch Glue Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails and spikes Ochre, yellow, in oil do. dry Spanish brown White and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Quicksilver Seines Cordage, tarred untarred Cables Steel Hemp Untarred yam Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel Do. do. 56 lbs. or less Coal Fish, foreign caught, dried pickled salmon do. mackarel do. all other Glass, black quart bottles window, not above 8 by 10 Do. not above 10 by 12 Do. all above 10 by 12 Cigars Foreign lime Boots Shoes and slippers, silk morocco and kid for men and women for children do. Playing cards. Wool and cotton cards Malt Of the Commerce of the United States. United States from Foreign Countries, in American vessels, continued. 167 From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From Ist Oct. From lat Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From tst Oct. From 1st Oct 1805 to 30th 1800 to 30th 1807 to30th 1808 to .30lh 1809 to 30th 1810 to 30th 181 1 to 30th 1812 to 30th 1 81 3 to 30Lh 1814 to 30th Sept. 1806. Sept. isor. Sept. 1808. Sept. 1809. Sept. 1810. Sept. 1811. Sept. 1812. Sept. 1813. Sept. 1814. Sept. ISIS. 9,646 46,737 33,132 1,640 1,150 1,347 493 499 242 241 428,910 928,033 959,870 130,238 567,396' 695,126 227,677 219,988 37,978 96,180 1,813,492 2,907,945 4,219,083 450,817 221,028 215,877 463,839 1,784,661 124,878 112,875 9,719 5,087 4,747 — 112 30 — 110 — 182 347,645 200,725 164,789 42,795 23,855 4,660 5,740 2,918 53 68,993 6,961 25,326 3,616 53 3,690 6,127 19,020 2,895 1,220 4,151 67,164 109,796 23,640 30,767 65,406 55,280 14,181 31,659 3,651 29,052 71,341 59,879 29,056 8,572 13,251 10,214 . 3,072 1,396 242 1,624 802,745 732,226 371,866 283,242 671,975 811,562 236,104 365,860 118,089 862,553 219,903 747,042 682,458 89,761 544,665 568,343 297,867 471,123 121,483 377,355 4,594,867 4,816,608 1,336,313 456,729 2,077,851 1,782,528 357,690 796,562 135,080 411,231 26,553 29,279 9,410 11,044 7,976 10,808 — 336 577 3,033 154,320 120,256 172,853 2,248 58,582 169,867 96,864 2,834 55,080 49,473 649,714 815,087 589,122 12,856 959,119 401,507 7,131 34,142 — 106,357 2,523,228 2,683,314 1,892,277 76,380 2,654,575 1,935,959 416,241 905,642 117,642 1,716,020 3,883,919 2,445,067 2,285,363 1,526,721 1,486,149 1,839,702 976,834 105,658 46,793 2,006,612 105,298 15,173 19,587 430,524 2,211 10,286 88,149 241 — 81,617 8,818 10,089 4,125 1,332 1,689 1,670 — 769 1,424 1,014 319,181 275,375 274,396 674 348,013 709,717 1,682,712 137,695 2,913 238,312 56,895 50,367 37,239 2,676 54,806 149,673 61,021 37,565 1,649 13,135 72,970 60,801 21,000 — 115,933 129,936 105,958 7,868 8,388 48,485 11,917 14,688 6,406 6,386 13,300 9,720 8,178 5,999 3,053 16,488 100,553 130,826 57,417 2 1,666 1,041 56,388 221,377 2 2,637 152,342 294 — 27,970 3,326 4,224 168 2,311 236 916 44 782 284 156 16 10 134 1 11 18 68 77,864,059 110,788,180 35,829,817 — — — — _ 1,028,277 7,356,686 2,078,063 2,239,819 538,856 365 — — — 97,307 863,918 294,892 411,161 329,744 86,013 360,213 315,583 44,749 81,412 16,488 65,480 82 863 4,215 180 187 85 2,221 10,100 14,457 14,332 162 278 87 117 ^ ^ |> 320 723 917 538 3 7 1 801 Y 1,546 ^ 243 77 1,557 1,004 1,185 1,159 885 2,147 J J J 1,531 4,504 2,834 17,517 23,796 8,192 1,009 10,121 11,199 2,270 3,214 588 4,147 23,093 22,621 7,524 6,108 21,614 11,758 1,774 3,760 1,207 3,523 4,499 2,959 1,004 965 4,052 5,096 572 277 23 884 5,347 3,933 1,315 459 5,138 2,154 702 144 28 666 25,866 23,515 16,171 12,937 19,999 12,883 10,985 200 694 3,717 387 385 84 — 47 5 — 393 363 4 3,395 3,434 1,940 24 751 1,214 428 398 793 759 18,182 30,682 13,211 794 1,185 4,122 6,390 5,316 187 2,361 60,352 70,461 26,455 1,596 7,914 6,538 11,993 6,205 3,157 14,547 7,980 21,701 4,538 36 562 298 218 826 745 1,584 9,815 6,113 5,978 12 5,377 186 72 72 423 5,678 — " 4 — — — 55 3 89 15 31 ^"~ "~~ ^" ^~ 6 — — — 168 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported into the Quantity or value. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1800 to 30th 1801 to 30th 18U2 to 30th 1803 to 30th 1804 to 30th Sept. 1801. Sept. 1802. Sept. 1803. Sept. 1804. Sept. 1805. Value in dollars of goods paying 11 per cent duty ad valorem ^^_ __ _ Do. do. 12J do. 150,863 — 4,006 — — . Do. do. 13| do. 3,854,152 2,680,923 1,571,577 — — Do. do. 15^ do. — — — 75,221 — Do. do. 16^ do. 709,100 568,327 585,309 1,615,761 2,046,451 Do. do. 19i do. — — — 443,784 361,766 Do. do. 22 do. 87,222 109,651 89,191 — — ^ Do. do. 24| do. — — ^- 49,630 66,833 Do. do. 26§^ do. — — — — — Do. do. 284M do. — — — — — Do. do. 31&6ilOths. do. — — — — _ Do. do. 34fi do. — — — — — Do. do. 5,7^-g do. — — — — — Do. do. 44 do. — — — — — Do. do. 46.2 do. — — — — Do. do. 48-rVV do. — — — — — Wines, malmsey, Madeira, Lend. part. gallons. 12,407 23,406 7,148 18,787 11,796 all other Madeira do. — — — — — Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. 1,565. 1,874 378 1,084 766 sherry and St. Lucar all other do. 28,662 80,789 12,728 18,460 3,679 do. 503,149 _ 336,049 208,325 601,056 1,092,881 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. 66,836 36,153 " 31,951 65,812 20,594 do. from other materials do. 958,804 838,972 709,248 553,464 527,016 American, from domestic produce do. — — — — 109 do. from molasses do. 218 ^ — — — — Molasses do. 602,491 966,802 — 960313 687,207 Beer, ale, and porter do. 25,550 ^ 28,430 60,109 18,538 8,245 Teas, bohea lbs. 6,950 4,329 — — — souchong do. 1,760 — 11,839 — hyson do. 4,088 453 6,302 300 352 other green do. 8,860 112 71,020 4 — Cofifee do. 6,733,949 4,546,268 3,469,700 5,155,163 10,361,500 Cocoa .do. 1,532,850 749,508 141,711 413,721 736,065 Chocolate do. — 2,302 504 521 816 Sugar, brown do. 23,446,412 13,586,110 15,429,553 13,862,520 14,900,085 clayed and all other white do. 3,659,730 1,488,488 2,186,610 3,412,933 3,860,061 candy and other refined do. 3,913, 6 5,983 473 31 Almonds do. — — — 4,082 21,875 Currants do. — — — — — Prunes and plumbs do. — — — 7,116 9,490 Figs do. — — — 42 49,411 Raisins, jar, box and muscadel do. — — — 152 42,770 all other do. — — — 673 126,184 Candles, tallow do. 53,029 28,870 36 28,130 3,471 •wax and spermaceti do. 2,050 792 1,107 1,422 644 Cheese do. 24,994 51,171 22,122 15,988 26,421 Soap Tallow do. 368,720 25,029 34,439 171,745 119,114 do. — — — — 187,187 Spices, mace do. — — — — 163 nutmegs cinnamon do. do. — — — 405 188 1,713 241 Of the Commerce of the United States. United States from Foreign Countries, in Foreign vessels. 169 From Itt Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. From UtOct. From 1st Oct. From 1st Oct . From Ist Oct .From 1st Oct 1805 to 30th 1806 to 30th 1807 to 30th 1808to30t1i 1809 toSOth 1810 to 30th 1811 to 30th 1812 to 30th 1813 to 300 ) 1814 to SOthI Sept. 1806. Sept. 1807. Sept. 1808. Sept. 1809. Sept. 1810. Sept. 1811. Sept. 1812. Sept. 1813. Sept. 1814. Sept. 1815. 112,179 5,043 23,583 — 45 228,307 — — — — 1,434,856 824,753 465,522 5,522,859 349,984 736,954 125,641 — — 336,736 266,167 143,628 1,359,654 172,243 236,188 55,819 — — — 69,215 25,098 8,939 34,524 10,084 19,110 389 z ^^ — . ' — . — — — 255,432 603,406 1,501,997 190,990 — — — — — — — — — 10,549,116 _. . _ __ ___ z _^ . __ 2,833,218 — — — — — — 23,279 114,731 194,966 — — .^ .^_ __ 1 1 ^_ 303,322 — . — — — — 538 751 30,943 — 69,215' 11,350 22,951 23,992 15,924 8,565 2,635 22,163 1,871 16,519 — ' — — — — .^ , , 6,903 15,515 314 6 50 — ^ 38 1,379 310 4,928 30,843 40,708 4,429 547 74 18,378 59 7,645 10,174 673,226r 348,750 169,757 94,926 46,173 191,936 141,070 270,603 130,947 332,964 34,673 9,659 — 23,915 20,467 » 229 134,316 6,356 325,508 596,834 677,398 205,844 86,802 153,605 174,162 32 273,324 1,430,330 390,883' 299,659 493,480 1,339,302 477,299 244,496 513,235 2,844,972 2,961,018 1,235,791 3,949 _ 987 — 1,981 7,163 15,226 1,269 1,752 3,148 56,889 18,151 70,996 — — — ^ - 128 , 26,113 85,669 113 — 15 246 15 34 9,070 221,563 31 — 7 — — 52 204 — 1,887 50,865 13,160, „ — — — — 35,329 21 1,778 120,859 8,691,878 17,633,104 8,665,239 13,154,240 5,235,625 3,098,222 2,659,617 6,980,269 1,945,840 1,754,823 1,668,822 1,088,746 268,659 173,449 344,486 581,476 23,928 75,288 19,111 162,421 563 286 172 310 392 38 14 232 484 14,860,216 "14,015,396 7,717,146 15,444,627 6,403,099 7-,675,162 5.845,746 19,683,038 18,464,679 7,580,869 1,758,545 1,902,699 1,162,280 2,932,312 1,104,026 678,142 491,106 5,157,651 1,239,627 1,134,390 254, — 927 — — 175 1,089 376 137 2,953 27,473 -8,038 17,723 18,499 6,726 4,633 27,810 72,288 45,329 31,966 742 — — — 784 — 60 588 20,248 49,410 21,676 — 482 — — 2,739 1,241 4,143 14,160 29,792 23,692 1,251 2,519 7,997 164 1,923 883 57,670 9,747 22,684 55,813 121 84,173 106,211 12,718 69,584 489 581,545 187,712 130,622 41,774 310 51,779 262,514 17,123 27,301 — 555,505 149,576 78,215 15,355 44,789 3,535 1,567 1,467 337 9,821 , 444 706 236 531 — — 466 1,156 126 8,452 1,691 2,851 891 2,403 9,381 2,644 2,859 11,292 277,554 ■ 130,695 38,890 6,114 88 98,493 89,036 1,792 431 174,223 789,406 675,796 233,568 — 30,888 49,083 19,564 75,208 200,197 479 505 — — 324 __ 2 , 254 4,715 907 1,378 72 22,939 — 361 76 857 1,596 97 6 -^ — 194 — 1,836 15 51 2 I 170 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Goods, Wares and Merchandise imported into the SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Quantity or value. Spices, cloves pepper pimento Chinese cassia Tobacco manufactured, other than snuft' and Snuff Indigo Cotton Powder, hair gun Starch Glue Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails and spikes Ochre, yellow, in oil do. dry Spanish brown White and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Quicksilver Seines Cordage, tarred un tarred Cables Steel Hemp Untarred yarn Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel Do. do. 56 lbs. or less do. Coal Fish, foreign caught, dried pickled salmon mackarel all other Glass, black quart bottles window, not above 8 by 10 do. 10 by 12 all above 10 by 12 Cigars Foreign lime Boots Shoes and slippers, silk morocco and kid, for men and women for children Playing cards wool and cotton Malt From 1st Oct. 1800 to 30tli Sept. 1801. From Ist Get. 1801 to 30th Sept. 1802. lbs. do. do. do. cigars do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. cwt. do. do. do. do. lbs. bushels do. quintls barrels do. do. groce 100 sq. ft. do. do. 1000 casks pairs do. do. do. packs doz. bushels 501,301 286,375 27,592 845 47,826 562,643 349,535 146,587 2,008 cwt. 80 do. 913 2,903 260 191 1^,245,070 534,475 301,911 800 459 11,023 985 41,148 9 From Ist Oct. 1802 to 30th Sept. 1803. 2,046,261 205,758 67,504 460 43,103 317,320 323,212 111,315 4,494 cwt. 75 do. 962 103 65 16,175,262 501,800 116,765 479 227 8,151 38 3,456 181 From lat Oct. 1803 to 30th Sept. 1804. 879,978 716,876 66,168 398 24,506 648,856 421,618 130,424 2,150 cwt. 176 do. 706 4,610 283 114 22,468,184 467,138 808 1,572 8,598 250 216 From Ist Oct 1804 to 30th Sept. 1805. 147,767 539,056 17,066 864 82,373 481,432 512 103 318 6,108 133,934 490 8,654 448 9,725 198,665 16 56 6,160 22,827 642 350 145 8 15,982,739 293,991 104,939 13,813 2,722 4,444 1,761 1,259 594 48 1,727 181 198 379 2,965 312 1,426 4,305 321,366 143,494 943 352 9,072 45,068 520,004 3,979 23,784 3,562 4,450 1,967 25,612 42,111 66,723 672 6,782 6,490 59,670 156,344 130,465 7,187 226 2,760 89 8 11,283,065 248,225 113,780 106,240 4,609 8,955 11,121 3,196 1,355 413 577 1,823 129 171 897 3,854 382 1,872 Of the Commerce of the United States. United States from Foreign Countries, in Foreign vessels, continued. 171 From tst Oct. From IstOct. From 1st Oct From Ist Oct From Ist Oct From Ist Oct. From 1st Oct From 1st Oct From 1st Oct From 1st Oct. 1805 to 30th 1806 to 30th ' 1807 to 30th 1808 to 30th 1809 to 30th 1810 to 30th 1811 to 30th 1812 to 30th 1813 to 30th 1814 to 30th Sept 1806. Sept 1807. Sept 1808. Sept. 1809. Sept 1810. Sept 1811. Sept. 1812. Sept 1813. Sept 1814. Sept 1815. 3,674 1,877 260 _ 15,673 31,362 2,461 9.834 4,645 953 1,240,990 289,480 1,102,744 750,867 — 16,745 296 59.290 42,426 213,272 278,128 469,041 27,245 156,065 15,229 44,416 39.354 31,137 30,560 167,046 20,088 12,378 3,338 .^ — 13,267* 292 — — 9,549 196 171 — 12 — 16,762 156 5,225 84 197 9,617 10,265 6 105 5,392 — 91 — 4 730 59,145 82,639 103,220 37.440 85,139 120,252 6.615 33,765 11,150 36,080 479,572 469,925 224,843 3,786 124,195 117,871 30,234 2,633 960 17,492 20 12 1,970 — — — — — — 224 7,348 11,023 1,814 58,914 4,169 1,110 30 194,489 — 70,352 403 883 — 50 1,064 3,295 337 3,868 1,150 1,428 470 4,936 — 112 — 12,019 — — 56,774 40,623 — — 330 1,358 — — — — 521 17,929 49,649 2,583 258,227 47,290 10,813 3,220 92,699 117,817 558,061 11,312 25,975 86,439 114.907 111,018 52,303 2,880 10.642 285,242 610,155 45,909 131,835 8,292 86,570 24,958 36,791 23,752 106 4,030 248,326 300 3,311 — — — — — 1.458 394 12,726 5,317 2,204 7,946 21,010 1,104 — 140 — 68,488 82,071 489 13,281 — 413,852 50,243 284,910 168 12.093 7,154 509,976 218,025 120,778 70,831 573,243 25,724 2,840 39,677 98.093 165,199 886,180 1,057,166 10,817 68,864 246,808 34.553 — 22,566 73.592 13,574 1,234,058 — 2,038 103 14 — — 865 2.503 —, 440 362 — — — _c- 1 6,154 53,391 792,954 2,742 18,366 5.423 24,639 12,993 1,148 ,^_ 306,548 1,384 6,843 5,122 — 3,898 7,235 — 1,713 461 4,132 15,523 6,919 — — 3,675 — 143,384 49,324 * 530 1,127 1,001 4,205 428 94 28 1,525 3,605 5,976 987 10,281 3,112 — 2,191 7,013 1,201 — 10,020 10 29 5 5 83 54 15 1 11 5 343 6 1 ~- 70 -__ __ , 4 310 15.609,093 15,384,874 3,488,181 — — — . — . ». 2,940,574 17,453,861 194,389 178,719 58,849 — — — — _ . 165,165 803,167 78,852 45,775 21,897 46,762 13,171 55,104 483 209 2,879 32,888 153,419 233,039 69,187 8,266 2,811 5,600 . 53 2,069 8,322 6,953 3,036 810 1,445 n T ^.^ 657 12,786 16,091 3,377 3,212 1.369 y 10,053 > 4 431 12,531 15,898 1,338 936 371 J J 2 137 5,937 798 122 299 7,173 1,766 304 142 97 10,981 1,364 98 50 4,865 188 91 75 458 2,047 2,591 393 130 100 40 70 40 177 278 877 867 503 250 3 44 — 487 18 43 200 650 2,561 2,109 3,470 1 1 42 3,395 1,034 1,667 4,199 1,463 986 120 119 96 3 1 102 18 2 .18 363 324 1,198 1,531 — 10 506 1.258 33 2'20 194 2,562 509 2,414 5,060 2,022 1,227 72 697 624 6 42 22 255 1,213 5,196 508 4,872 312 — — — — — 540 __ 1,212 - __ _^ ~ ~ ""~ — — — 172 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States, shewing the aggregate value or Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1805, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value in dolls, of goods paying 15 per cent, duty ad valorem 1.428,141 2.279 526,152 1,478,694 1,249,118 Do. do. 174 do. 4,497- 575 93,828 402,289 331,147 Do. do. 22J do. 854 ,— 11,074 44,707 141,142 Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons _ 13,229 674 176 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. __ 286 293 sherry and St. Lucar all other do. ^^ ^_ 61 , 33 do. _ m— 539 16,431 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — — 1,042 1,023,095 from other materials do. 86,984 1,436,810 31,932 from domestic produce do. — . Molasses do. — — 11,739 132.875 771,242 Beer, ale and porter do. _ _^ , 33,790 Teas, bohea lbs. __ 1 souchong do. — — — 15,639 hyson do. 7 _ — 1 105 all other do. , _^ Coffee do. — —, 66,834 1,951,200 8,459,786 Cocoa do. — — 36,929 656,101 621,730 Chocolate do. _ ■ ■ f — ^_ 831 Sugar, brown do. . ■' # 3.227,095 13,753.857 12,663,258 clayed, &c. do. — — 4,787 38,976 4,193 candy, and other refined do. , — — — 15 1,749 Almonds do. .._ _ — , 1 13 Currants do. .... ^_ — - , 1 Prunes and plumbs do. — . — — 1,211 12,719 Figs do. — — — 1,601 80 Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. _ — ,^_ 540 all other do. .^ _- . Candles, tallow do. 63,890 1— — »_ 52 wax and spermaceti do. — — — -.^ 33 Cheese do. — — — 2,597 436,158 Soap do. — — —. 21,980 30 Tallow do. 202,914 — — 45,931 Spices, mace do. — — — — 13,871 nutmegs do. — — — — 16,493 cinnamon do. — — — .—. 43 cloves do. — — 732 ._ 22,722 pepper > do. — — — — 2,524,615 pimento do. — — -.- — Chinese cassia do. 13 v..^ __ __ Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — _ __ 7,584 Snuff do. — — _ 2 653 Indigo do. — " "~- 105 58,299 53,830 Of the Commerce of thd United States. 173 quantity of the Merchandise imported from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof. >to the 30th of September, 1806. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Hara- From From Italy, & the Ans- From Turkey, Aden &other From all other Britain. burgb, Bre- men, kc. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian porta on the Adriatic Levant anc Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 32,478,738 1,594,075 1,572,304 1,827,913 35,735 156,822 259,260 18,221 ___ 2,091,246 49,994 7,104.561 634,163 707,794 536,641 79,696 304,823 7,156 27,043 — 97,238 27,168 350,172 51,259 95,298 49,153 316,150 14,495 14,256 25,184 — 1,351 8,165 21,205 — 4,151 12,519 311,109 — 29 554 — 1,387 — 21 224 3,505 _ — — ._ — 1,142 — 435 279,178 102 — — — — — — 188,381 4,153 2,432,772 759,748 375,662 388,716 45,808 3,078 — 351 717 29,155 346 20 294 465 — — — 5,495,503 1,145 1,716,629 744,362 7,971 123,557 20,165 271 — 98 3,717 1,309,280 ^_ 3,184,365 3,184,431 - , _^ ^__ _^ ~ z 655 250,934 — — 22 5 — ..» _ 32 — 40,421 — — — — — — 344,908 — 15,330 — 164,801 10 — — — — ~— 2,761,892 1,110 — 20,862 1,621 12 — — — — 931,675 17,901 — 20,139 3 — — — i— 2,6,82,216 ■«^ 1,775,797 — 33,014,948 5,144,768 151 20 3,176,593 703 768,096 1,132,305 — 1,407,354 4,718,744 — , _ , ^_ , . , 1 136 — 255 1,950 317 23 , ; ,1, ,^_ 23,717,771 r 62,414,291 44,844,926 43,675 72 _ _. 110,960 304,025 1,060,349 845,747 34,952,563 108,451 — . — . 1,024 , 1,742 _. 378 315 — .^ 1,108 2,069 118,659 159,719 47,868 18,945 949 _ , 2,526 — 2,970 — 152,497 134,619 742 ^^_ .^^ — 61 202,729 4,574 44 150 1,198 , ^^_ 67 100 2,014 73,570 73,018 137,595 16,271 7,308 ___ 977 — 38,889 559,843 4,849 9,276 156 3,334 _ __ 700 — — 972,185 1,057 23,629 13,282 25,798 __ 3,470 — 52,309 1,787 — 167,348 »« ..^ _^ 460 481 787 377 — — 3,309 ^^ 65,084 — 7,048 43 — 1,419 444 , 101,948 — 120,683 175,600 — 1,086,403 1,131,020 ^_ 114 250 — 118,422 691,555 — 56,871 __ 1,133 — 106 — — — .__ .^_ 3 2,589 — 3,676 — _ 7 1 409 7,682 — 10,561 — .^ . 41 — 10,657 — — —. »» ___ . 3,973 16,737 363,707 — 742,347 1 — ..^ __ 271,075 — — 30,036 — — — — 20,013 1,585 — ^_ 260,813 197 1,332 6 66 336 388 _^ 28 11,448 — 2,631 4,248 24 _^ __ 106,426 "— 72,971 191,324 375 — — — — 1,974 2,851 2 K 171 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from 1st of October, 1805, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Cotton lbs. 14,136 251,929 4J,188 Powder, hair do. 32 — — — 139 gun do. — — — 1,025 16,640 Starch do. 2,973 ~— — 11 221 Glue do. 12,45r — — 470 5,663 Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — — — Iron, anchor and sheet do. 2,088 — 12,905 9,740 1,461 slit and hoop nails and spikes do. ^^ — 6,951 do. — 13,643 529.158 Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — — 11,706 do. dry do. — — 548 — 1,066 Spanish brown do. _ — — 750 White and red lead do. — — — •^ 108,447 Quicksilver do. — — — — 1,464 Seines do. — — — . Cordage, tarred do. 181,539 — 20,398 155,022 1,136 untarred do. — — — 427 Cables do. 55,805 — — 31,088 — Steel cwt. 99 — 169 897 4,848 Hemp do. 94,237 — 311 5,322 — Untarred yarn do. — — — — — Twine and pack-thread do. 4 — — 1 330 Glauber salts do. — — — 2 5 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — — 530,855 680,360 Do. 56 lbs. or less, per bushel bushels — — 2,941 1,711 20,799 Coal do. — 74 — — 7,225 Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — — — — — pickled salmon barrels — — — — — do. mackarel do. — — — — — do. all other do. — — — — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — — 49 1,181 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 300 — 752 4,39i 962 do. do. 10 by 12 do. 20 — 946 1,146 167 do. air above 10 by 12 do. 50 — 137 915 140 Cigars 1000 — — — 218 20 Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs •— — — 23 19 Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — — — 5 morocco & kid, for men & women do. 70 — — 85 6,202 for children do. — — — — 98 Cards, playing packs — — — — 2,973 wool and cotton dozens — — — — — Malt bushels — — — — — Lead and manufactures of lead lbs. — — 347 91,225 111,208 Of the Commerce of the United States. 175 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1806. From Trieste From Turkey, From Mocha, Prom Great From Ham- From Prom Italy, & other Aus- Levant and Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. Prom France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 219,628 _ 1.353,531 397,852 _ _ _ ^ ^^^ 25,800 — — 8,811 343 i '^ — — — — — — 337,418 — 4 406 — — — — — — — 3,588 — 90 481 — — — . — — — — 47,535 — — — — — 2,979 — — — — 71,325 — 16 __ — — — — , — — 778,140 — 1,065 15,275 — — — — — — — 217,759 — — — 6,405 — — — — — — 3,927,865 3,390 72,368 24,776 13,210 59,280 476 — — — — 15,073 — 74 — — — _ — _ 84,718 — 73,305 — — — — — — — — 649.314 — - — , ^_ 139 ,_ ... — ._ 2,619,554 20 117 11,844 104 — ~ ~— •^ 1,167 _ 5 141 — 450 — 7,563 95,481 194 — ^^ 8.342 — 838 — . ..^ ^-. ^— -^ .^ ._ 7.855 — 3,038 .^ 3,584 — — _ ___ _ __ 54.604 — 2,002 26 — 1,220 — ... _M ._ — — 1,600 ^... ..» _ ..^ .^_ _ 5,863 94 61 408 _- .^ __ ^^ ^_ .^ 304 1,132 — 234 — — — — — ^^ — ^ — — — ^^ _ ..^ .__ ^^^ 2,829 16 131 10 i 3 11 ^_ __ _ _^. 1 272 1 10 — — — __ .^ _ ^_ 52,463,880 794,101 2,091,166 5,028,158 29,253,571 2,730,067 .^ ^^ 1,515,568 — 84,380 136,277 506,346 4,243 ^.^ ^^ -^ 187 364,667 1,858 — — 20 __ ^^ XV7/ 153,450 — — 2 17 ^_ __ 1 __ 8,419 — — 2 — p^^ __ , ^^^ 12,788 — 1 _ _ __ __ , , , __ 13,671 3 12 3 3 _ ^_^ 16,517 137 5,406 38 16 107 2 15,329 2,449 79 _ — - ..» 1 1,948 655 10 •^ _ , 1 3,951 360 288 — - 9 —^ ,^^^ 1 2,919 — 215 25,045 __ __ , 387 — ^ — — — M , , 2,985 29 270 167 2 20 ^_ 183 — 17,447 — — 808 1 ... 53 26,172 203 26,590 489 — 2,008 , .» 89 2,411 — 5,936 _ __ 1 J 1 1 2.462 — 9,252 — — — — -.- ^^ 1 — — — — — — — M _^ , — — — — — — . _« , 3,893,797 66,316 9,756 523,647 645 94,621 138,493 — — 30 — 176 Of the Commerce of the United States, A Statement of the Importatians into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1806, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value, in dolls, of goods paying 15 per cent, duty ad valorem 1,797,221 ^^_ 402,464 1,055,659 1,461,447 Do. do. 17^ do. 7,281 — 17,224 81,580 401.599 Do. do. 22| do. 358 — . 8,548 54,784 153,031 Wines, malmsey, Madeira', &c. gallons — »— — 2,323 679 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — 10 198 7,312 sherry and St. Lucar all other do. —^ — . — do. — __ 5 2,434 16,248 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — ^ 4,169 1,466,074 do. from other materials do. 1 92,858 1,426,948 370,670 from domestic produce do. — — . — — — Molasses do. 30,764 218,718 1,180,583 Beer, ale and porter do. — — 50 27 19,848 Teas, bohea lbs. — — — souchong do. 17 — 105 5,184 hyson do. _ — — 356 21,832 other green do. 4 — 2,058 2,411 Coffee do. 10 1,705,670 10,966,411 10,247,767 Cocoa do. — — 106,037 1,972,118 669,775 Chocolate do. »_ — — 26 820 Sugar, brown do. — — 2,746,213 21,112,812 9,765,993 clayed, &c. do. — 6,413 89,782 12,651 candy and other refined do. ._ — 6 885 Almonds do. — 200 • 331 364 Currants do. — — — 86 — Prunes and Plumbs do. — — — — 40 Figs do. — — 749 — Kflisins, muscadel, jar and box do. — — — 1,416 — all other do. — — — — Candles, tallow do. 278,045 — 462 1,371 wax and spermaceti do. 864 — — 14 244 Cheese do. 100 — — 255 911,605 Soap Talow do. 7,294 — — — — do. 951,991 — — 12,667 — Spices, mace do. — — — — 1,882 nutmegs . do. — — — 3 3,175 cinnamon do. — — — 10 — cloves do. — — — 2,361 6,610 pepper do. — — — 31,282 2,508,897 pimento do. — — — 409,254 — Chinese cassia do. — — — — 6,405 Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — 146 6,754 Snuff do. — — — 107 20 Indigo do. — — 2,688 111,400 67,638 Cotton do. ^^ ~" 30,879 72,497 200,975 Of the Commerce of the United States. 177 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the aoth of September, 1807. From Trieste • From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & otber Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, Sec. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 35,130,880 1,969,663 2,373,919 389,310 38,112 284,936 192,838 7,619 30,712 1,699,406 27,352 8,101,673 101,831 1,476,945 292,548 63,836 346,954 3,063 53,122 18,735 121,321 9,964 321,075 119,238 23,283 1,880 1,979 4,627 7,560 — — 340 — 9,427 — 1,804 366 375,291 — — — — 383 4,230 — 339 5,989 10 90 — — — — -^ — . 145 — 361 309,089 6,184 — — — — — — 94,586 1,259 3,087,211 901,531 442,688 285,275 2,367 9,143 — 11 731 5,154 1,097 88 379 — — — 718 4,203,818 7 2,950,665 772,247 13,896 72,222 6 — — 30 11,875 1,384,038 — 2,728,478 2,964,616 3,517 ___ __ — . , 520 206,615 — 19 — — — ^^ — — 89 — 99,705 -^ 1,411,257 — 6,000 — 518,058 .— . . 1,486,813 — 13,427 1 20,342 182 .^ — 1,194,698 529 15,373 — 178,631 10 »« — 2,623,768 762 2,746,871 — 20,932,324 9,795,720 18,303 __ , ' 1,709,533 592,072 110,130 1,110,286 — 990,932 4,318,656 . __ __ ^— __ 23,500 139 — 199 2,456 __ — . ...^ 17,935,191 — 76,984,941 46,175,309 23,319 — — __ _ 1,623 365,218 328,400 — 1,896,592 42,527,177 62,067 — ._ 35,267 440,145 156,594 915 133 651 , 802 J 3,672 — 150,267 300,235 83,185 6,918 3,225 4,036 __ — . 78,967 3,644 — 8,889 22,604 — 242,739 157,844 243 — » — 3,836 98,939 386 — 385 _ .^ _^ 14 166 — — 21,630 119,335 51,300 321 117 89,901 . 33,961 — 15,352 810,260 93 1,227 2,110 _- 371 — 80,000 2,677,786 370 100,705 — . 58,841 , , , 299 — 78,081 432 _ 188,856 ._ ^-m , 100 86 1,099 378 1,468 159 __ , 78,507 9,542 18,247 836 353 8,825 1,372 , 1 131,069 — 46,697 167,550 49 1,094,924 642,542 ■ , — — — — 26,728 717,040 18,723 23,130 ^^ — — . .^ o-^. 2 — 24 199 — — — — _- 88 .^ 3 — — — — — ■ 1 ^^ 4,827 — 265 606 ._ 3,368 ^ 1 — 38,663 812 79 ^>_ ^^ 750,506 — 208,658 52 38 ...W. ^_ : 512,300 — — 265,047 — — — — : .... , 9,638 2 — 1,362 456 — — — ». ^_ 133,123 3,324 2 20 15 — ... _ . , 3,473 — 838 52,564 — _ ■ , .^_ ) 1 , , 366.260 — 112,845 311,447 1,486 — — 5,224 _^ 12y803 18,881 796,214 494 1,880,681 358,371 17,320 — — — — — 20,439 2 L 178 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the lat of October, 1806, From From From From From SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. or value. Hussia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Powder, hair lbs. 1,094 .._ _^ ^_ __ gun do. — — — — — Starch do. 13,381 — .— 35 ■ 236 Glue do. 44,382 — — 237 3,606 Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — — — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 4,085 — — 1,937 18,207 slit and hoop nails and spikes do. 40,556 — — 797 21,393 do. — — — 45,180 728,166 Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — — — do. dry do. — — 988 — 2,224 Spanish brown do. — — — — 1,618 White and red lead do. — — — — 58,130 Quicksilver do. — — — — — Seines do. — — — — — Cordage, tarred do. 1,007,780 — — 5,785 24,515 untarred do. 6,843 — — — 1,966 Cables do. 57,579 — — 861 — Steel cwt. 10 — 209 — 7,394 Hemp do. 135,775 — — 4,316 — Untarred yarn do. — — — — — Twine and pack-thread do. 10 — — 61 491 Glauber salts do. — — — — 10 Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel do. 56 lbs. or less per bushel lbs. — — 657 292,933 625,017 bushels — — 597 8,621 49,586 Coal do. — — — — 5,712 Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — — — — 16 pickled salmon barrels — — -^ — 106 do. mackarel do. — — — — — do. all other do. — — — — 77 Glass, black quart bottles groce lOOsif. ft — — 1 54 1,910 window, not above 8 by 10 6 — 2,847 1,284 428 do. not above 10 by 12 do. — — 70 427 51 do. all above 10 by 12 do. — — 331 411 177 Cigars 1000 — — 8 301 60 Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs 2 — — 1 40 Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — 72 322 19 morocco and kid for men and women do. 49 — 1,193 7 2,849 children do. — — 96 — SO Cards, playing packs 288 — — — 324 wool and cotton dozens — — — — — Malt bushels — — — — — Lead and manufactures of lead lbs. — — — 63 5,705 2,954 Of the Commerce of the United States. 179 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. totheSOtliofi September, 1807. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden &; other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on Levant and ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. men, &c. the Adriatic. Egypt. 1,155 _ 2,844 6 ' ^__ 208,082 — — 591 ^ — — — — 3,075 8.132 — 1,026 3,399 — — M_ — — 65,074 1,316 117 — — — — — — -— — 59,87-5 — — 4 ■ _ — — — ^.^ 711,677 16,048 10,178 19,185 522 — — 710,271 — — _ ^^ .— _ .^ 3,883,105 14,458 145,138 132,396 -^ — — ^^ — — 550 31,855 — — 185 — — .^- — 56,003 — 51,046 — — 12,199 — — — — — 826,750 — — — _ — .— -^ ^^ 2,725,128 — — 19 5,597 — ._ 15,218 .._ 2 — 3,326 3,798 — 9,901 , — 184 ^- — 10,084 — — ^_ __^ __ , 5 ^^ 28,720 465 — 1,064 _^ «_ — . ^_ 48,158 — 238 5 1 — — — — ».. 9,280 — — — _ ^.^ ..^ 5,244 123 — 816 182 1,034 803 .^_ __ „^ — 848 10 — — — 158 . — — ._ — — — — _ -_ . __ 3,583 10 93 — 5 — _ ._ — . 142 4 — , 1 — « , ^^^ , , ^.^ 83,755,485 — 1,639,782 12,049,129 24,541,899 3,268,152 .._ — ^^ 1,654,859 — 53,483 208,063 400,020 43,309 »_ . ^__ 449,880 — 3 657,000 684 _ . __ ^.^ 233,882 — 3 1 __ , , 7,125 — _ , __ _^ , 16,095 — 1 2 , »^ __ ^^^ 16,882 2 10 86 , _ 15,502 449 6,302 29 29 318 ^..- _ ^_^^ 12,575 .5,552 27 ..^ __ . __ 1,121 1,402 18 ..^ __ __ ___ J 2,597 653 14 __ _^ 5,219 — 68 19,968 — __ , . — 383 — — 2 ^^ , , . . 2,975 52 293 — 68 118 , ., , 976 — 28,577 — — 548 — . 1,366 27,059 694 39,661 277 107 812 , ■ 1 167 6,997 — 17,380 258 — __ m—t ~ 373 400 3,902 1,138 — — , — ^^ — ■ — ' — 4 — — — — . .^ — — — — — — — . . 1,962,941 ■^™ 4,377 436,229 — — 19,984 — 23,631 — 180 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1807, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value of goods in dolls, paying 15 per cent. duty ad val. 774,772 .^_ 54,691 1,108,872 487,531 Do. do. 17i do. 3,600. — 27,289 32,525 87,238 Do. do. 22| do. 57 — 1,500 57,220 40,394 Wines, Malmsey, Madeira, &c. Burgundy and Champaign gallons — — 240 105 907 do. — — — 10 733 sherry and St. Lucar do. — — — — — all other do. — — 89 161 912 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — — 2,338 459,202 do. from other materials do. — — 100,596 1,157,284 528,482 from domestic produce do. — — — — — Molasses do. — — 39,457 23,965 901,761 Beer, ale and porter do. — — — — — Teas, bohea lbs. — — — — 13,033 souchong do. — — — — 48,767 hyson do. 7 — — — 17,221 other green do. — — — 29,303 Coflfee do. 2,344,857 965,822 13,243,496 Cocoa do. — — 44,930 171,269 96,191 Chocolate do. — — 38 Sugar, brown do. — — 2,705,870 11,200,818 2,209,823 clayed, &c. do. — — 976 10,561 27,380 candy, and other refined do. — — — 3 2,190 Almonds do. — — — 2,170 — Currants do. — — — — — Prunes and plumbs Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. do. do. — — — — 609 — .« all other do. — — — — — Candles, tallow do. 33,470 — — 619 36 wax and spermaceti do. 1,095 — — — 98 Cheese do. — — — — 158,281 Soap Tallow do. 10,764 — — 2 do. 278,096 — — — — Spices, mace do. — — — — 3,143 nutmegs do; — — — — 11,089 cinnamon do. — — — — 4 cloves do. — — — — 4,805 pepper do. — — — — 4,702,351 pimento do. — — — — — Chinese cassia do. — — — — 7,601 Tobacco manufactured, other than snuflf and cigars do. — — — 138 13 Snuff do. — — 2 63 103 Indigo do. — — 1,861 572 12,686 Cotton do. ■~~ "^ 4,467 6,372 208 Of the Commerce of the United States. 181 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1808. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. bivrgh, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports OD the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 17,108,616 53,433 1,201,805 217,873 67,047 245,872 285,211 ___ WH 2,509,546 154,594 3,097,043 228 581,442 224,839 35,239 235,254 8,775 420 153,879 39,311 88,139 4,132 16,073 1,987 1,025 136 6.646 — 115 544 9.003 — 577 4,826 124,681 — — — 2,070. 1,077 — 6 2,469 12 — — — — — ' — 22 — — 329,477 ' — — — — — — 14,671 — 1,544,801 775,914 244,208 164,983 141 — 21 80,667 11,121 — 28 1,668 2,833 — — — — — 2,834,112 191 953,949 — 579,082 266,815 447 23,188 17 — — 5,484 » 1,837,696 2,727,298 192 ..^ ^_ 4,690 60,101 — — 5,412 — — — — — 5,874 — 6,741 — — — — — 685,816 3,280 — 209,735 285 68 — — — 1,515,266 2,972 — 2,051 — 84 — — — 861,985 _ 1,135 — 48,944 825 — — — — 1.967,195 1,344,831 — 12,070,164 6,904,092 81,832 — — —. 112 2,443 77,704 269,790 r ' ^__ 462,584 1,592,244 11,970 — — — — — 46,560 143 26 1,010 69 — — —^ _^ 7,805,611 31,727,478 24,845,610 257,191 195 — — 50,471 206,061 441,899 274,657 22,322,707 — — — — 7,145 210,998 101,613 566 43 24 — — _ 1,887 3,352 53,421 214,005 10,033 46,320 — — — 50,424 20 — 3,247 — 91,286 6,017 .^ — 57,388 482 — — — —^ 72 2,221 85,262 824 128 ^_ ^__ .^^ 2,207 28,641 671,961 6,722 160 — -^^ ^_ 5.329 1,550 65,490 1,194,084 — 152,973 — » _^ 1,525 69,447 982 — 41,941 — __ 976 642 6,322 348 — 1 _^ _^ _^ 14,341 12,813 — 90 2,017 79 _^ ^^ 11,293 52,469 17,188 79,557 1,289 292,977 107,718 42,812 — — — 284,628 — 22,869 — _. __ __ 728 — 454 86 .^ _^ 24 20 748 — — __ ^_ __ — - — — . — — — _^ __ — 28,382 — — — __ ^__ 54 682,870 315,220 1 — — — .^ 5,573 38,308 238,945 — — 157,732 — , — __ ~ 5,727 — 112 — — — — . 252,427 4,082 — — — — — ._ .^_ 180 410 32,362 — — __ __ 18 893,332 — 68,736 84,604 — — ^^t „_ 1,299 346,189 ^■*" 1,633,685 447,695 5,310 •"— — — — ' — 2 M 182 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the Ist of October, 1807, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark, Holland. Powder, hair pounds 317 ^_ _ _ _ gun do. — — — 10 35 Starch do. 2,267 — — 1,044 — Glue do. 36 — — 1 — Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — — 47 Iron, anchors and sheet do. — — — — 1,141 slit and hoop do. — — — — — nails and spikes do. — — — 6,800 448,997 Ochre, yellow, in oil do. \ 100 — — — 3(826 do. dry do. — — 375 — — Spanish brown do. — — — — — White and red lead do. — — — - 65,490 Quicksilver do. — — — — 3,955 Seines do. — — — — — Cordage, tarred do. 272,535 — — 1,861 — untarred do. — — — — — Cables do. 21,000 — — — — Steel cwt. — — 85 11 1,235 Hemp do. 60,126 — 392 — — Untarred yam do. — — — — — Twine and pack-thread do. 17 — — 6 64 Glauber salts do. — — — — — ~ Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel pound — — — 57,400 402,946 56 lbs. or less per bushel bushels — — — 1,783 3,997 Coal do. — — — — — Fish, foreign caught, dried quintals — — — — — pickled salmon barrels — — — — — do. mackarel do. — — — — — do. all other do. — — — — 11 Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 93 184 687 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft — — 233 2,525 168 do. not above 10 by 12 do. — — 17 480 115 do. all above 10 by 12 do. 1 — — 648 99 Cigars Foreign lime 1000 — — — — 4 casks — — — — — Boots pairs — — — 2 5 Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — — — 31 morocco and kid for men and women do. 22 — 200 2 109 for children do. — — — — 3 Cards, playing packs — — — — 3,626 wool and cotton dozens — — — — — Malt bushels — — — — — Lead and manufactures of lead pounds ^-" — — 1,327 4,571 Of the Commerce of the United States. 183 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of Septemher, 1808. * From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 126 _ 6,052 222 163,909 — 100 2,449 25 _ — — 75 ~— . 56 — 21 228 — — — — — _ 26,603 — — — — — — — — — 29,339 — — — — — — . — - 355,966 — — 14,433 2,729 — __ — 180 768,897 — — — — — .^ — ^_ 784,655 — 87,601 14,563 424 — — — — — . 1,565 5,484 — — — — — — — _. 30,156 — 149,736 532 — — ^_ -_ 589,122 — — — — _ ^_^ ^^_ 1,854,867 — 1,258 5,600 — 35,773 — — 120 ,^_ 103 — — — — 5,442 10,211 — — ^— 4,125 — — — — — — — ._ ^^^ — — — 2,742 ^^ _^ _.- ^^_ __ 37,239 — — 5,122 — — — — — ..^ — — — — — — — — ,^_ 3,060 — 2 20 — — 2,994 — ^__ —— — ■ — 5 — — 6 — — — 2 — — — — — — — - — 1,503 — 59 5 1 _ — — ^.^ 16 16 — — . — — _ ^^ ^.^ 27,685,084 — 98,550 2,310,774 5,481,128 3,135,060 147,056 _^ 437,969 — 14,168 41,938 88,655 9,195 ^_ __ 351,395 — 144 102 — ^__ 73,402 — — — '■ — .—, , ,1 ^^ 3,123 — — — , _^ 3,378 — — — , ^_ 2,211 — — 1 — .^ ^^ ^.^ 4,376 4,647 — 2,661 243 8 1 22 — — — 1 39 492 — — — — .^ ^^ 570 — — „^_ ^__ 4,112 85 — 109 15,386 — — — — — — 30 1,656 — 249 99 13 ^ 1 ^^ 12 631 — 12,562 760 207 24 267 260 580 7,154 — 19,234 1,058 1 36 ,_ 81 368 — 4,195 — .— __ ... 8 552 — 1,800 — — — » -M ^__ "^ — — -~ — — .~~m ___ •— —~ ~— — »— __ ^_ M 2,231,756 — 3,267 5,531 112 — 73,671 — — — 33,992 184 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1808, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Kussia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value in dollars of goods paying 15 per. cent, ad valorem __ .^_ 130,339 60,088 75,728 do. 17J do. — — 5,484 1,987 14,804 do. 22| do. — — 58 2,624 171 Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons — — 52 59 149 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — — 12 sherry and St. Lucar do. — — .__ 9 5 all other do. — 31 11 89 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — — 84,096 do. from other materials do. — — 580,864 853,734 202,635 from domestic produce do. — — 386 356 Molasses do. — — 419,100 3,915 465,814 Beer, ale and porter do. — — ^__ ._ Teas, bohea lbs. — — ^_ souchong do. — —, — _ 16 hyson do. — — — — 62 other green do. — — — ... Coffee do. — — 3,585,921 67,643 2,585,809 Cocoa do. — — 237,448 5,485 28,242 Chocolate do. — 4 20 26 Sugar, brown do. — — 4,765,967 2,167,695 1,773,061 clayed, &c. do. — — 78,935 77 — candy and other refined do. — — — — 48 Almonds do. — — 32 _ — Currants do. — — — — Prunes and plumbs do. — 30 — — Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. _ — — ___ ___ do. — — 30 all other do. — — — 92 Candles, tallow do. — — _ 12 wax and spermaceti do. — — — 24 Cheese do. — — — .» 142 Soap do. — — — 9,934 17 Tallow do. — — — 14,279 — Spices, mace do. — — — — 1,375 nutmegs do. — — — — 1,622 cinnamon do. — — — — — cloves do. — — 1,244 — 2,749 pepper do. — — — — 2,572,436 pimento do. — — — — — Chinese cassia do. — — — _ 3,624 Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — 145 6 Snuff do. — — — _ 18 Indigo do. — — 1,620 — — Cotton do. —" '~~ 14,227 2,973 Of the Commerce of the United States. 185 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1809. From Trieste Fi-om Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &CC. From Prance. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 15,778.254 54,114 44,728 233,334 33,062 40,244 _ 3,972 _ 451,941 25,920 3,063,396 940 15,972 58,695 57,267 6,797 — 34,735 60 81,752 18,689 93,821 -» 3,816 747 270 122 3 . 125 — 236 322 - 8,944- ^BS:»" ^_ 511 191 - 226,283 — — — — — 100 iM - - : — — — — — — — — — — 938 — 351,223 3,440 — — — — — — 6,770 570 -1,356,924 2,819 338,642 17 979,553 216,462 321 1,208 — — — 1,256 — 32,110. 27,303 2,78 — ' ' — — 2,351 638,511 -Ii273,090 _ 2,517,597 1,588 .>,■'; — — — — -- 4^27 y .- ■ — — 3,524 — .ub — «_ — — — 4,029 — — — — — 6,946 .■>r — .^_ — 113,232 — — — — 16 — 14,575 — — — 162,012 — - 1,585 — ■ — — 646 — — »„ — — 420,817 — 219 — — 35 92 — — ^_ — 751,281 — 2,446,593 _.. — 7,521,867 17,394,155 648,973 — _ — 532,365 10 733,671 49,888 — 204,069 571,577 58,382 — _^ — — — 75,895 9 — 105 1,540 — — .^ — — _— -3,845,250 — 8,319,969 34,083,123 838,290 — — — 91,800 1,777,306 421,627 — , 166,291 17,711,213 357,117 — — — 9,301 344,606 1,396 — . — 74 11 — — — 237 — — 649 142,550 9,281 303 3,333 — — — -~ 1 — — 4,264 — — — 92 — — 5,821 ^ 101 75 — — _ — — « __ __ Ort ig — 480 16,779 1,545 — 40,780 — 3,710 — 963 382,460 10,331 — — 10,757 — , 815 — — 760,890 3,855 4,922 24,061 — , 1,624 — — 25 — — — — _ __ 56 — — 207 — ... ..^ ^^ 11,367 — 182 311 — — . — .^ ^^ 24,767 ; — — 4,982 10,150 — — — «. , 26 — — — — — _- .^_ 168 '^ — — 185 — _. __ ^__ ^^ 13,166 — — 112 — — 1,027 ^__ — — 1,529 — — ^- ... _ 118 — - 13,934 9,144 — — 67 667,693 1,937 59 __ — — — — 71,915 185,555 4,811 76,255 — — — — __ 8 — — — — — — — — 106,458 520 342 — — , 153 — — — . — , .._ , 856 — 105 766 — . ' 56,484 — 23,907 - 82,345 1,144 — — ._ ,_ ^_ 2,178 241,130 ~ 145,979 5,150 93 — "-"" — — -— 45,051 2 N 186 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the let of October, 1808, SPECIES OF Mf^KCHANDISE. From From From From Prom or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. HoUand. Powder, hair lbs. _ , _ gun do. —^ — — 58,914 - —r- Starch do. 29 — Glue do. .^ — — -^— - Pewter plates and dishes do. ^_ — — Iron, anchors and sheet do. __ » — — . — slit and hoop do. .^ .— . — nails and spikes do. .^_ ^^^ 230 _ — Ochre, yellow, in oil do. __ — — do. dry do. ^^ _ 7,307 — — Spanish brown do. — — White and red lead do. ^_ 60,587 2,749 — Quicksilver do. —^ — 550 — Seines do. — — — — Cordage, tarred do. *.« — — — '^-« untarred do. ._ — — — — Cables do. ^M — — — Steel cwt — 298 105 Hemp do. — — — — Untarred yam Twine and pack-thread do. — ■ — — — do. — — — — Glauber salts do. — — — — — Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — — — — 56 lbs. or less per bushel bushels — — — — Coal do. ^^_ — — — —r. Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. ~^ — — — — pickled salmon barrels — — — — — do. mackarel do. — — — — do. all other do. — — — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 8 8 13 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. — — 2,676 179 — do. not above 10 by 12 do. — — 761 23 — do. all above 10 by 12 do. — — 10 — — Cigars 1000 — — 296 39 32 Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs — — "— "-" — ~ Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — — — 2 morocco and kid for men and women do. — — — — — for children do. — — — — — Cards, playing packs — — — — wool and cotton dozens — — _^_ — — Malt bushels — — — — — Lead and manufactures of lead lbs. — ■^ 2,587 — 4,555 Of the Commerce of the United States. 187 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1809. _ From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy & & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From From other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France, From Spain. Portugal. MalU, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. China. Countries. - 42,513 — — 205 — — — — — 77 20 — 4 50 — H^ — _ — 30,706 — — 173 — — — — — — . - 9,930 — ^ — — — ^ _ — — — 523,420 — — 17,800 — — — — — 249 . - 204,668 — ~— — «^ •^ ^_ __ _ — - 541,782 — — 1,287 — — — — — — ' - 2,248 — — — ... — ._ — >— . — — 26,141 »^ 418 ... .^^. .^ .._ ... _ — 490,232 — — ..« _ ^^ .— . ... .... - 2,013,505 — — 12,720 10,903 — __ — » .... 5,802 — — — _ 4,706 — — _ — 1,332 — — — ._ — ^^ _ .^ ... :-- 5,690 — — — .^ _ .^ ^^ ._ 16,350 - 2,444 — — 232 _ . __ — ^.. — — __ — ...M — , __ ._ M.. .^. M. 9,169 — — 5 — 1,014 — _. — . — — — — > — 1,041 — — _ — — — — — — — — . ... — 173 — — — — — — — .^ — 76 — — 4 — -~ — ... — — — — — — — — ^^ _ 365 — — — _ __ .^ _ .^ ..^ _ 132,595 — — 108 72 — ^_ ,_ .... _ 8,445 — — 1 — — — _ .^_ 927 — — — — _ M. ._ 4,019 — — — — -.» _ ... _^ ^^ 3,083 — — — — — ._ ... 1,134 •— 27 10 67 _ .._ 1 __ 2 39 8,027 91 — — » .^ ^_ 165 56 — — -_ _ .^ 440 53 _ — 1.. ..^ ... . __ 3,306 — 327 16,022 2 — — _ .... n ^.. 42 — — — — _- .._ _ ... 24 — — 3 — ._ ^. ^.. .^ ^^^ 696 4 85 7 _ _ ^.. ^_^ __ _ 2,651 8 6 149 9 — — .^ ^., ■ ^^ 108 — — — — — _ 1 1 — 12 — — — — — .i_ .... ■"- — — — — — — ._ __ — — — ~ — - .— _ ... , 668,982 ■~- ~- 1,073 — — '— — — — 135 188 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Qaantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1 809, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From Prom or value. llussia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value in dolls, of goods paying 15 per cent duty ad valorem 1,511,032 6,987 742,169 2,885,853 61,174 Do. do. 17i do. 16,742 14 67,013 150,118 11,944 Do. do. 22§ do. 10 5,253 236,851 V 401 Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons _^ 10,590 81 211 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — 2 717 _ sherry and St Lucar all other do. ___ ^^ 1 ^^ do. m— 13,595 107 203 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. ^ 1 1,634 36,480 do. from other materials. do. — . 1,528,276 596,232 174,372 from domestic produce do. 371 — _^ Molasses do. •^ 1,581,210 55 406,785 Beer, ale and porter do. ._ __ 24 7 Teas, bohea lbs. _ »^ 8 — souchong do. 14 — 419 27 hyson do. — — 1,765 '-■ 3 18 other green do. 10 — 300 1 23 CofiFee do. __ 2,425,216 775 1,454,137 Cocoa do. _ — 87,206 — 27,709 Chocolate do. » — 86 28 32 Sugar, brown do. — 4,007,862 310,126 683,486 clayed, &c. do. .— 91,099 — 1,488 candy and other refined do. _ 75 23 849 Almonds do. — — 885 ^ -_ Currants do. — .— . .^ _ — Prunes and plumbs do. — — — — — ^igs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box all other do. M~ — ^ ^— _ ^— do. do. — — I 13,352 — I 246 Candles, tallow do. 2,224 — "^^ — — wax and spermaceti do. — — 6 409 — Cheese do. — — • — 242 60 Soap Tal ow do. 374 ^ 5,896 — do. _ — 10,707 29,803 — Spices, mace do. — — — — 17,893 nutmegs do. — — 16 — 110,577 cinnamon do. — — - — — cloves do. — — 184 — 91,660 pepper do. — — 1,372 — 4,388,949 pimento do. — — 2,884 — — Chinese cassia do. — — 15 — 1,895 Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — — 27 Snuff do. — — 47 64 8 Indigo do. — — 6,523 — 634 Cotton do. ■" — 2,456 — 48,993 Of the Commerce of the United States. 189 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1810. From Trieste From Mocha, From From From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Great Britain. Hamburgh, Bremen, &c. From France. From Sp^n. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant, and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 27,086.182 319,360 115.193 256,661 79,635 120,073 _ 61,135 _ 3,206,788 105,139 5,546,197 1,316 26,411 231,729 62,316 81,784 — 59,874 — 167,667 16,823 263,513 1,635 1,366 1,999 2,345 — — -— — 405 64 2,350 — 48 970 302,775 — — — — 131 108 — . 19 50 — — — . — — — ~- ,1, 2.755 — 31 141,448 — — — — — _ ^^_ 15,630 2 13,254 617,698 230i422 70,024 — 29,402 — — 14,554 110 ■^ — 1,252 54,090 — — _ — ,^_^ t,564,915 — 56,987 499,958 26,054 75,107 — — — — 10,878 — — 113 — — -— — — -_ ». 343,053 — 1,299,758 4,411,593 13,175 — — _— _M 92,406 — 98 873 50 — — _ __ 1 23 — — — . 7,235 — — — — 1,429,87& ._ 205 — 365 — 31,772 — — — — 2,433,262 1,110 12 — 469 1,761 182 — — — — 1,282,768 15,578 279 — — 2,643 — .' — — _ 2,498,000 .^_ 624,146 — 3,623,141 21,723,836 749,238 17,222 — ^_ _ ^^, 252,172 128,322 — 465,430 702,056 408,378 142 — — _ — __ 750 31 — 31 1,735 ^-. __ __ ..^ _^_ 101 2,331,891 — 2,113,660 31,681,846 3,251,234 — _ _, 160 573,318 31,718 — 26,233 9,183,017 189,914 — — — 122,856 501,719 305 — 135 38 — — __ ^^ 1,688 282 — 624 100,815 28,301 27,120 9,458 _ 16,764 12,672 — — 101 9,058 27,895 — 30,314 _ 50,822 — — 316 360 194 68,444 »_ .^ __^ 68,143 — — 119,706 26,071 55,901 — 146,367- — _ 26 1 37,117 z I 332 ? 3,345,162 I 15,686 I 65,455 — X 120,781 — — 1 9,829 9,757 50 — 1,467 — — — — — — 7 246 — M ^— 30 ^« — _ * ., _^ 19,858 — 2,803 31 27 — __ ,, ^^^ 4,800 29,284 , 355 13,261 — 35,544 ..« 1 ^,_^ 1 — — 25,415 18,891 — — — — — — 3 -— — 20 — — .-^ 5,603 1 5,603 880 3 — 226 — — — - — 3 ■ , 3 — — 41,010 1,073 383 ~- 858 _^_ 858 440 1,115,271 — 1,211 135,415 4,212 — — __ wm^ 41 348,595 216,543 — 13,877 148,858 — _ __ ■■— « _^ 3.161 — — « 225 — — — .^ ... 380,485 380 ■ — '^ 493 — •— — _ _^ __ 893 — 50 5.455 — — 25 427,027 — 4,009 199,310 ,7,873 — - _ ,1 13,159 262 '~~ 171,739 121,113 660 • — — ~ — 2 190 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October,,lg09, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Trussia. Sweden. Denmark. HolUtDd. Powder, hair lbs. gun do. __ _ .^ ._ — Starch do. fc.^ 427 _ _ Glue do. _ ^^_ ^^^ , Pewter plates and dishes do. ^^ -*_ _ .^ Iron, anchors and sheet do. ^__ ^_ 37,548 .^ ^M slit and hoop do. ... 44,646 — . .. nails and spikes do. __ 71,826 6,056 100 Ochre, yellow, in oil do. .... ^ __ _ do. dry do. ^_ __ __ ._ ... Spanish brown do. _^ ._ _^ ^.^ __ White and red lead do. _^ ,_ ^^ ^^ ^^ Lead and manufactures of lead do. _^ ^.. 7,192 500 —mm Quicksilver do. »_ _ ._ _ Seines do. 134 _ II ^_ __ Cordage, tarred do. 137,304 ^. 128,761 4,751 untarred do. ,— ^ .1. _ Cables do. 30,469 ._ 87,256 — — Steel cwt — — 2,604 387 — Hemp do. 53,148 2,819 815 — 1 Untarred yarn do. — __ _ —^ Twine and pack-thread do. 32 — .— 5 ~— Glauber salts do. — — _ .— Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — _ — — 56 lbs. or less do. bushels — ... _- Coal do. — ^M 400 Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — — 55 — . — pickled salmon barrels — — — 8 — mackarel do. — ^^ .^ ^^ all other .• do. — — 82 ~— Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 37 188 13 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 82 — 2,217 6,604 — do. not above 10 by 12 do. 18 _ 391 2,266 _ do. all above 10 by 12 do. — — — 1,164 — Cigars 1000 — — 97 22 5 Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs — — 1 — _ — Shoes and slippers, silk pairs — — 50 72 — morocco and kid for men and women do. — — 100 32 ^. for children do. — — — Cards, playing packs — — ^ 4,138 — wool and cotton dozens — — •^ Malt bushels — ^~ — of the Commerce of the United States. 191 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 18tO. From Trieste From Mocha, From From Ham- From From Italy, & otber Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Great Britain. burg. Bre- From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports in Levant ani ports on the From China. Countries. men. &tc. the Adriatic. Egypt. Red Sea. 112 ( 1 ~^ 25,604 — 308 2,112 — ~—, — 1,596 — 70 2,661 — — — \ — — — 65,406 — — — — — — — — _ 13,247' — — 4 — — — 1 — __ .M. 657,534 — 5,007 16,516 2,660 — — — — —. 588,585 — — 22,452 — ,— _ ■ . 2.014,368 — 1,165 6,376 — — — — — — 2,918 7,976 — — — — — — — — — 59,686 — — — — — — — ^. 1,002.115 — — 4,962 2,285 — — — _ 2,555,595 — — 3,895 — — — _— — 121,972 2,837 1,476,149 — 3,314 20,547 4,000 — __ 10 — — 554 — 1,657 — — ^^ ^^ ■_ 1,334 — — — 221 M^ ..^ . .^_ 2,889 — — 743 — — _ 86,988 . ^_ 33,471 — 4 25,089 140 _^ _^ 1,435 — — 448 .^- ,._ _^ ^_^ 8,889 — — 811 — 1,037 , ^^ __ m^m. 1,735 — — — — 44 — — — - 17 — — — — — — — _ ..^ . 74 2,253 — 21 9 — __ .^ ^_ 32 — — — 102 — — _^ ^^^ _ — — — — — — — — — _ » —^ —^ ^— — - — •~~— ^— ^^ .^ - 370,876 — — 2,030 78 , __ ^_^ ^__ 2,943 — — — ^_ ___ 1,681 — — — ..^ ^^ 1,677 — — — _ ..^ ^__ • 1,262 — 19 2 _^ ..^ ~ 16,810 1 148 71 12 _ ^.^ 1 13 12,846 53 — — ^, .., 1,421 26 — — — ^^ ^^^_ 3,974 , — — — — ^^ ^_ . 1.599 — 223 21,356 22 ^^_ __ 70 47 — — — — — 742 — 1 8 — — ___ , 88 — 66 347 — 72 ^_ , 500 6,743 40 781 777 — _ ^_ 138 ■■^ 535 — 18 9 ^^ ^_ ^__ ""^ 6 — — 758 — — — ^_ 1 475 — " ""* — — — — — — — .. '~~' "~ — — — — 192 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1810, SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value in dollars of Goods paying 15 percent, duty ad valorem 3,018,062 103,562 825,682 1 1,586,782 14,874 Do. 17§ do. 29,736 1,810 49,888 82,786 3,667 Do. 224 do. 1,235 1,612 4,157 85,572 ...» Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons — — 169 34 _ Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — 28 36. 59 — sherry and St. Lucar all other do. — — .^ »^ ^^^ do. — — 5,681 3,643 _» Spirits, from grain do. — — 1,426 22,833 from other materials do. — 1,156,789 450,575 327,030 from domestic produce do. — — 214 — Molasses do. — — 1,384,297 2,750 541,896 Beer, ale and porter do. — — 49 50 — Teas, bohea lbs. 2,238 — — — — souchong do. 931 — 35 — — hyson do. 3,282 — — — 43 other green do. 3,672 — — — 46 Coffee do. — — 1,315,180 1,380 1,60S,096 Cocoa • do. — — 193,056 — 41,161 Chocolate do. — — 54 — — Sugar, brown do. — — 6,054,032 552,234 256,021 white do. — — 13,692 — candy and other refined do. — _ — — 162 Almonds do. — — — ^^ — Currants do. — — — — — Prunes and plumbs do. — — — 50 — Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. —— — ^ — •— • ■— . do. — — — — — all other do. ,^ — — — — Candles, tallow do. 30,391 — 10,770 — — wax and spermaceti do. 4,355 — 30 26 — Cheese do. — ._ — 86 — Soap do. 473 . 87 — Tallow do. 252,925 — — 8,112 — S|»ces, mace do. — — — — 12,978 nutmegs do. — — — — 140,494 cinnamon do. — — — — — cloves do. — — 1,167 — 63,796 pepper do. — — — — 3,056,583 ■ )imento 1 Chinese cassia do. — — — — — ~ do. — — 137 — - — Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — 20 1,080 Snuff do. ~~' ^" 372 ■^ — Of the Commerce of the United States. 193 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1811 • From From From From Italy and From Turkey, From all other Great Britain. Hamburg, Bremen, &c. FrofQ France, From Spain. Portugal. Malta. Levant and Egypt. From China. Countries. 22,850,829 251,097 699,386 233,744 200,727 104,022 138,888 2,723,306 89,373 5,562,426 6,085 227,884 197,925 88,476 129,972 56,150 165,606 24,969 305,619 5,155 2,720 1,418 357 28 33 ^ 730 — 1,419 — — 16,033 262,393 — — 200 42 5 — 187 —, 139 — — '■ — — 1,325 — — 2,913 1,243 — — — — 248,423 8 279,570 683,969 121,074 120,599 75,354 — 74,063 86,046 12,607 — — — — — — 1,312,001 — 226,435 517,895 7,800 20,828 18 — 603 41 — 25 _ 98 __ — — 353,266 — 1,525,771 4,813,068 13,370 — — — — 1 54,729 — — 9 83 — — — — 129 — 3,725 — — - — _ 181,959 _ 800 — 13,016 • 573 2,123 ■^^ — 377,506 — 16 — 5,721 379 885 — — 334,585 — 81 — 21,635 — 17,035 — — 1,879,785 — . 858,141 •^ 9,582,935 15,051,876 963,337 195 183 687,043 48,111 — 420,541 1,146,537 679,059 — — — 35,249 — — 116 2,033 — — __ _ 13 2,316,768 — 4,694,627 38,668,342 5,521,999 — 619 253,313 176,285 — 1,076 17,894,263 619,232 — — 520 175,547 110 — — 39 — — 1,713 3,362 — 27,255 92,000 15,967 23,652 48 13,624 — — — 5,387 252 70,820 2,024 — " — — 26,911 104 39 — __ 20,857 — — 24,214 14,147 31,446 126,318 _ 535,023 — 1,393 241,967 10,403 3,513 92,038 — 291 224,975 — — 153,062 73,929 205,478 75,391 — 3,965 26,412 — — 337 49 — m.^ —^ „_ 724 — 25 88 ..* 1 ___ 37,022 — 2,307 74 88 — » 40 79,941 — 4,592 171,030 1,121 190,534 186,706 35,383 — — — 48.436 87,992 — — — , 435 — — — — — 744 10,649 — 284 1,174 932 — 2,770 9,508 — 29 — 9,306 — , , , 3,919 — 97,520 533 1,323 — _ 156 ___ 916,666 — 24,785 1,722 — — 28,656 558,006 — 1,385 76,787 — — — — 21,431 — 327 — 1,013 — — 258,957 7,682 696 — 379 15,903 — — 36 ~_ 314 "*~ 76 573 12 — -— — — 2 P 194 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1810, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From 01' value. Kussia. Prussia. Sweden, Denmark. Holland. Indigo lbs. 6,143 ^^ _ Cotton do. — 4,020 — 12,021 Powder, hair do. — — — — — gun do. — — — — — Starch do. 208 — 3,378 30 — Glue do. 23,246 ^- — — — Pewter plates and dishes do. — — — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 54,684 — 23,531 10,694 — slit and-hoop do. — 31,048 13,036 — nails and spikes do. — — 6,447 2,463 — Quicksilver do. _ — — — — Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — — do. dry do. — — — — Spanish brown do. — — — — — White and red lead do. — — — 2,132 Lead and manufactures of lead do. — — 3,837 265 — Seines do. — — — — — Cordage, tarred do. 589,944 24,692 51,684 896 — untarred do. 34,806 — 808 ' — — Cables do. 108,685 — 3,000 — — Steel cwt. — — 2,599 860 — Hemp do. 205,853 5,409 9,961 — — Twine do. 2 — — — — Untarred yarn do. — — — — — Glauber salts do. — — — — — Coal bushels — — — — — Malt do. — — — — — Fish, dried quintls. — — — — — pickled barrels — — • — — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — 1 55 664 40 window, not above 8 by 10 100 so. ft. — — 1,206 3,505 — do. not above 10 by 12 do. — — 1,046 2,489 — do. all above 10 by 12 do. — — 31 1,027 1 Cigars 1000 — — 196 — — Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs 239 — 1 — — Shoes and slippers, silk kid and morocco do. 9 — — 58 — do. 133 — 478 — — all other do. 59 — — — — Cards, wool and cotton dozens — — — — — playing packs — — — — — Of the Commerce of the United States. 195 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1811. From Great From Ham- From From Italy From Turkey, From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. and Malta. Levant and Egypt. From China. Countries. 372,043 14,764 383,819 17,883 _^, 1,013 ^_ 9,713 2,439 — 262,651 49,530 3,087 — — — — 30 _ — — — — — — — 4,199 _^ 380 1,077 114 — — — — 2,863 2,540 403 — — — — — 43,357 _ 696 — — _ — — — — 10.214 _.. — . — — — . — — — 708,246 ^_ 2,438 11,684 ^^ — — — 11,090 572,783 3,779 — — — — — 1,775,760 _^ 38,091 452 6,106 — — — — — — — 1,156 1,412 7,718 — — — 10,808 ^ ^^ »— ■"" —^ — .^ 55,126 76,525 _ 38,216 — — — r 686,417 __ — — — 1,917,778 — — 18,889 1,654,201 — 290 170,645 10,464 — — — 1,670 — — — — — — 19.428 — 13,731 8,459 — . 25,522 — — 40,443 1,265 77,759 — 1,827 — 3,312 — 2,337 12,602 — — — 5,915 — 11 5 _ 424 — 7,167 __ ^__^ ^_ 1 96 2,657 — 16 16 2 — — — — 1 370,387 — __ 300 .^_ ^^^ ^_^ z — — — — — 147 _ — 5,620 — — 65 — — 10,280 — — 16 — — — ._- — 11,329 779 78 17 2 _ 7,048 — — 90 _ — 1,541 1,582 303 5 990 — — 60 — — — — — — 182 13,135 31 — — — 90 __ 56 -_ 30 ,^_^ , , , ,, z 25 11 1,851 276 282 — 10 1,106 ^ 5,251 — - 858 — 23 425 4 167 12 61 — — — 5 — — 50 — — 5 — — — — ^^ 102 — 72 12 — — — — — 196 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States ' Quantity Imported from the 1st of Oetober, 1811, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussix. Sweden. Denmark. HoUand. Value in dollars, of goods paying 15 per. cent. duty ad valorem 2,077,877 ^,_ 376,440 291,015 25,847 Do. do. 17J do. 33,286 — 8,892 23,963 1,755 Do. do. 22J do. 21,381 — 735 45,401 290 Do. do. 274 do. 29,978 — 30,807 60,005 26,581 Do. do. 32i do. 913 — 1,163 13,985 291 Do. do. 42J do. 25 — 6 13,127 — Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons — — 156 — 24 Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — 31 12 — sherry, and St. Lucar all other do. — — •— 50 — do. 17 — 83 — — Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — — 36 — do. from other materials do. — — 1,423,817 10,173 2,468 from domestic produce do. — — 28 82,376 — Molasses do. — — 2,222,939 — — Beer, ale and porter do. — — — — — Teas, bohea lbs. — — — — — souchong do. 7,391 — 294,957 — — hyson do. 44,306 — 13,400 — — other green do. 23 — 20,284 — — Coffee do. 362 — 1,733,661 292 — Cocoa do. 4 — 16,189 — — Chocolate do; — — 42 — — Sugar, brown clayed, &c. candy and other refined do. 209 — 19,493,848 1,077 — do. — — 248,433 — — do. — — — — — Almonds • do. — — -^ ~— — Currants do. — —^ — ~~ Prunes and plumbs do. — ■■"* ""^ ■"■■ Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. ^— ■~- ~~~ ~— — do.. — — — — all other do. — — — — — Candles, ^llow do. 25,166 — 28 — — wax and spermaceti do. 3,928 — — — — Cheese do. — — — 11,520 Soap Tallow - do. 333 — — — do. 1,005,645 -r — — — Spices, mace do. — """■ ~— — — nutmegs do. — "^ ""■ — — cinnamon do. — ~~~ ^"^ — — cloves do. — — 3,720 — — pepper do. — — — — 902,825 )imento ' ;;hinese cassia do. do. __ — 11 20,827 z Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — 1,713 — — Snuff do. 24 ~ ~ ^~" Of the Commerce of the United Stales. 197 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the SOth of September, 1812. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other BiiuiB. bui'g, Bre- men, &a. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 1,650,298 _ 955,502 128,533 79,179 77,442 _ 67,928 — M 1,453,718 70,340 142,988 — 316,697 117,290 77,048 142,278 — 211,062 — 163,032 27,039 5,922 — 1,672 26 1,419 — — — — 315 368 5,541,102 123,137 127,578 107,380 36,510 — 8 — 326,916 214,411 1,595,334 29,335 29,064 43,133 24,021 — 566 — 17,031 60,272 13.623 — 2,000 — 90 31 — — — 1 6,656 27 — 104 6,191 135,111 — — — — 526 1,444 338 — 1,719 — 25 — — — — — _ — — — 28,140 29 — — — — — 47 1 2,687 — 159,932 833,007 104,092 240,206 — 285,595 — — 82,738 61,418 — 114 — 129 — — — — _ 50,886 — 586,636 1,981,210 2,084 140,807 — 3,458 — — 210,589 — — — — 1,452 — — — — — 8,361 — 875,501 4,956,067 21,102 23,435 — — — 33,859 20,541 ^^ — 901 — — — — — — 1,156 — — 80 — — — — — ,__ 118,997 '. — — — 425 132 — — — — 350,636 21 5 — — 759 994 — — — — 324,732 207 — — — 269 11,827 — — — 1,885,122 ___ 101,445 — 9,316,707 15,163,488 469,799 394 — — — — 1,479,675 — — 421,740 456,305 250,944 — — — — — 17,799 — 5 1,163 36 — ..^ .__ _^ 760,985 — 1,984,833 30,547,162 8,649,861 100 , , .^^ 5,614,345 174,373 — 19,084 15,468,519 373,564 — — — — 1,434 74,609 — — — — — — 231 1,089 6,940 — 86,514 195,036 26,494 169,767 3,066 _. 14,692 — — — — >• 2,805 187,369 3,736 __ . 60 22 — 61,791 — 167 — __ ■ 121 80 — 694 13,835 20,183 16,169 332,242 ^^ ._ 176 — 660 585,374 12,465 14,934 — 77,476 .^ .^ 251 — — — 118,908 1,902 60,743 — 369,872 __ — — — — 39 — — — — — 6,202 — — — 390 — — _ .— _ 1,125 1,727, — 2,727 — — 56 ...^ ^_ ^__ 32 908' — 5 198,848 — 275,712 — 183,611 . __ 117,291 160 — — 221,178 104,950 — __ ■ — — 1 — 2,585 — — , __ . 2 542! ! 357 11 — — __ 78 1,218 21,655; 112 — 974 — ___ — 35,763 — 1,788 — — ^_ __ 612 47,652; — . 14,772 41,824 — — — 124,560 1,376,744 16,268 — ' — ' 222,486 — — — — — 11,917 — — 444; — — — — — — 286,237 — 424' 191 — ' — _ II 122 130 305 — — — — — — 3 2 a 198 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1811, SPECIES OF MEllCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prassia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Indigo lbs. Cotton do. — 5,015 „ Powder, hair do. — — — gun do. — — — — Starch do. — ^_ Glue do. 10,280 — 2,349 — Pewter plates and dishes do. — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 104,489 — 11,861 16,396 slit and hoop do. 37',833 — — 137,048 — nails and spikes do. — — 4,810 57,776 Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — ..^ do. dry do. — _ Spanish brown do. .^ — __ White and red lead do. — ___ Lead and manufactures of lead do. — 10,598 — .^ Quicksilver do. — — 1,976 — Seines do. ^^ — __ Cordage, tarred do. 1,634,311 — — untarred do. 12,402 — — Cables do. 96.387 — — — Steel cwt. 995 — 3,267 221 Hemp do. 152,023 — — 970 — Untarred yarn do. — — — ^ — Twine and pack-thread do. 24 — — — — Glauber salts do. — — — — Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — — — — Do. 56 lbs. or less, per bushel bushels — — — — Coal do. 39 — _ ^^^ Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. L 1 — — "^ pickled salmon barrels — — r ^ — do. mackarel do. — — ... do. all other do. — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 14 52 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft 731 — 252 219 — . do. do. 10 by 12 do. 30 — 449 106 do. allabovelOby 12 do. 316 — .^ 26 Cigars 1000 — — 39 —. „ Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs 193 — — — — Shoes and slippers, silk do. 24 — — — — morocco & kid, for men & women do. 869 — — 612 for children do. 94 — — — Cards, playing packs — — — 72 — wool and cotton dozens — — — — Malt bushels — — — — — Of the Commerce of the United States. 199 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1812. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burgh, Bre- From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on Levant and ports on the Bed Sea. From China. Countries. men, &CC. the Adriatic. Egypt 57.790 3,671 164,990 _ , 6,789 1,611 — 133,888 91,441 — — \ — — — 262.118 .^_ _ , 30 ^_ ^_ __ ^^ _— ... 5,740 17,484 — 1,626 121 — — — — — — — 47 — 522 — — 53 — 930 3,072 — — — — — — . — — 70,192 — 9,433 11,477 — _ — .^ 15,476 114,032 — _ — ,— — ^^ — , 11.834 267,744 — — 17,131 14,000 — — — — 19,981 — — — — — — __ _ — 5,291 — 91,573 — — »_ __ 140 7,131 — — ~— __ — ._ —. 168 444,087 — — — 1,253 — .^ ^—. 3,508 10,578 314,116 — 403 647,102 11,165 — .^ _ . , ■, ,, 16,016 1,442 — 10,564 61,596 6,490 1,881 — 3.584 865 — — — — — — *^ —^ ^^ — — — — — 36,160 — .^ .^_ _» 25,234 33,413 — — 8,532 — 970 ^M _ __ _ 5,704 — — — 7,537 — — ..._ .^ ^ 2,034 1,288 — 320 134 136 360 _« 752 .^_ __ 733 — — — — 550 — »— — . — — — — — — — ■ ^_ ^_ — 177 — — 32 — — — —^ ^ ^». 28 — — — ' — — — — — . ... — — — — ■— — — — -^ ..^ _ — — — — — — ^_ , . 30,285 — — — 430 — _ .^ 14,478 — — — — —~ ■^ 2,221 r ^ — — Y 88 > 1 ■^^ ~— l ^— [» 594 — ^ — — J — ^_ _ 996 — 1,115 261 17 39 _^ 80 4 — — 25 509 — — _» ,1, ,, 109 1 — — — — — -_ ^_ ^^_ .^ 378 — 100 — — __ _^ 2 51 — 188 12,282 40 — — 32 — — — — — • — _ 12 — 2 68 — — .— . , . 171 77 — 4,286 296 258 922 _ . 772 1,013 1,287 — 5,100 976 215 71 — _ , 2,447 65 — 28 — — — — ^— 36 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3 — — — — ..^ _ — ' ~ '"^~ ~ "^ — " — — — 6 200 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1812, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. liussia. Pruseia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Value, in dolls, of goods paying 27^ percent, duty ad valorem 27,555 229,132 3,156 8 Do. do. 32| do. 1,030 — 19,147 12,753 89 Do. do. 42J do. 139 •- 317 ..«. _^ Wines, malmsey, Madeira, &c. gallons ^_ »- Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — — — sherry and St. Lucar all other do. ^_ __ __ do. _ ._ 1,840 12 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. do. from other materials do. ^^ 139,016 from domestic produce do. —. ^- Molasses do. 837,792 — Beer, ale and porter do. ^_ »_ .^ __ Teas, bohea lbs. ^^ __ _ souchong do. — — — — — hyson do. — — — — — other green do. _ •^ __ ^__ iOoffee do. ^» 690,515 Oocoa do. 50 »» iChocolate do. ^^ 2 ^^ Sugar, brown do. — 6,845,296 — _ clayed, Ac. do. ^_ .^ » •^ candy, loaf, and other refined do. — — — Almonds do. _— — — ^_ Cnrrants do. — _ ._ Prunes and Plumbs do. .— — — — __ Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. ..^ ^_ do. — — 1,901 .^ _^ all other do. — — 1,000 —^ .»_ Candles, tallow do. — ■ — • — wax «nd spermaceti do. 86 — — — — Cheese do. — — — — Soap Talow do. — — _ do. — — — Spices, mace do. — — — — — nutm^s do. ^ — 76 — — cinnamon do. — — — . cloves do. — — 2,804 — — pepper do. — — — — — pimento 1 Chinese cassia do. — — — __ ^_ do. — — ^_ _ Tobacco manufactured, other than snuff and cigars do. — — — _ — Sntiff do. ~" •^— — — i — Of the Commerce of the United States. 201 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. tothe 30th of September, 181S. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden Mother From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. Prom France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Bed Sea. From China. Countries. 9,750,746 ^_ 1,945,807 271,989 289,652 _ _ _ _ 478,495 793,082 3,745,576 — 453,312 48,732 43,848 32 — — — 88,181 222,222 74,798 — 4,848 150 301 — — — — _ 3,892 1,581 — — 8 20,784 — — — — 100 303 — — 1,587 — — — — — _ - ^_ — — — 74,728 4,615 — — — — 17 31 12,088 — 198,031 237,873 49,712 — — 67,546 — — . 128,043 — — — 2 , _ m^mm 1,226 27,858 — 631,781 104,021 — — — — — — 169,622 — — — 166 — — — — _ -_ » 2,798 — 79,924 2,220,185 4,614 — — — — . 54,048 26,833 — 190 15 7 — — — — -^ 9,536 — — — — — — — — — 32,078 4 — — 395 34 — — — — 151,764 1,000 '— — — — — — — — — 181,449 252 1,322 — — — 28 — 463,265 135 253,121 — 2,633,665 6,762,443 21,875 — — — — 170 1,354,228 — — 134,981 28,548 29,566 — — — 447,725 ■^ — — 475 10 — — — . 107 632,070 — 1,036,317 14,051,650 1,785,124 — — — _ 68,325 3,310,894 — — — 5,315,297 247,361 — — — — 216 102,238 — — — . 441 — ■ — — .^ 473 1,336 990 — 83,999 66,539 46,834 — . — — 91,417 — — — 588 — — — — — .__ 39,804 — — 80,089 — 374 — . , ._^ 61 — — 10 38,446 46,198 ^.^ __ — — 526 840,922 29,950 — — 4,995 9,380 — — — 650,498 15,716 — — — — 31,600 ""— ^~ — 15,157 — — — — — ^_ 14,219 — — — 1,881 — — _ , __^ 4,813 — 693 2,330 , .,_ ^.^ __ ~ 14,228 20,198 758 — — 2,521 — — 1,792 ' ■ ■^ 136,265 19,033 — — — — — 277,298 — — . 102 ~ ~ n "^^ — — 1,836 — — « . __ — — 53,413 — — __ __ 58,681 — — 1,353 59,290 __ , , ^ 4T1 3,739 — — 30,122 6,842 _ ___ _ 842 181 76 — ~~ 5,225 — — — z 53,551 2,356 rt T* ~ — 423 2R 202 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the 1st of October, 1812, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From _ From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Indigo lbs. 898 ^^^ _ Cotton do. 1,324 — — Powder, hair do. — — — — gun ^ do. __ — — Starch do. ^— — — — Glue do. ,— ^_ — — Pewter plates and dishes> do. — ^ — — >— Iron, anchors and sheet do. MM 90,445 — — slit and hoop do. — ""^ 10,642 — — nails and spikes do. — — — - — Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — — — do. dry do. — — — — Spanish brown do. — — — — White and red lead do. .;■" — — — Lead and manufactures of lead do. MM 610 — — Quicksilver do. — — — Seines do. — M — — Cordage, tarred do. 23,043 — — untarred do. — — — — Cables do. 7,990 — — \ — Steel cwt. — — 1,463 — — Hemp do. 294 .M. — — Twine and pack-thread do. — — — — Glauber salts do. — — . — — — Coal bushels — MM — — Fish, foreign caught, dried quintls. — 83 — pickled salmon barrels — — — do. mackarel do. — — — do. all other do. — ~- — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 8 — — window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. 75 — 458 — — do. not above 10 by 12 do. 75 278 — — do. all above 10 by 12 do. — 42 — — Cigars 1000 — 1 — — Foreign lime casks — — — — Boots pairs — 15 — — Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — — — morocco and kid for men and women do. ^ 20 — children do. — 15 — — Cards, playing packs — — — — wool and cotton dozens ^~ •""• 84 — — Of the Commerce of the United States. 203 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1813. From Trieste From Moeha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic- Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 200,570 _ _ 49,820 512 ,^_^ II ^.M , ,„ ^_ 1,963 38,391 — 12,476 37,910 969 — — — — — 1,696,224 — — 60 — — — — — — 50 300 — 450 324 — — — — — — 196,333 — — 795 5,632 — — — — — — 336 30,380 — — 227 — — — — — — 1,052 1,396 — — — — — — - _— — — 342,062 — ' MM — — — — — — 26,052 ■ 34^804 — — — — — — ^- — ■ 123,319 602,r67 .— — — . — — — — — 193,311 336 — — — _ 1,458 — — — — — — 2,474 — — — — — — — ..— — 360 19,537 — — 13,081 — — — — — — 13,617 925,158 — 6,899 1,092 32,476 — — — — 25,723 12,387 471,940 — 12 — 13,992 — — — — 3,000 63,696 — — - — 2,744 — — — — — — ~— 590 — — — — — — 179 — '. — 150 — 106,916 — — — — — 8,734 25,303 — 20 10,827 ~- — — — — — 3,128 6,300 — — — — — — — — — 136,962 2,982 — 2,667 — — — — ^— — — 12 764 — 68 19 — — — — — — 66 — — — 8 — — — — — — 3 55,966 — — 38 1,056 — — — — 24,561 ' — — — — — — — — — 10,017 — — — — — — — — — — 723 — — — — — ,— 77 24 — — 11 — — — — — 1,498 1,717 _ 924 1 17 — — — — 1 688 3,665 — — — — — — — — — 20 196 — — — — — — — — ' 6 85 _ < — — — — — — — 60 4 — 100 ^ 4,269 — — — — — — ' 25 — — — — — — — — — — 393 261 — — — — — _ 139 171 — 842 9 7 — — — -^ 4,300 20 1,583 — 640 12 — — — — — 102 3,870 12 — 264 — — — — — — — 790 — — 612 — — — — — — — — ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'~' ~^ 5 204 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United Statda Quantity ImpoKted fram the Istof Oetober, 1813, SPECIES OF MEUCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia, Sweden. Denmark. HolUnd. Value in dolls, of goods paying 27^ per cent, duty ad valorem 49,825 ^.^ 550,473 1,056 868 Do. do. 32J do. 2,418 — 46,602 — 788 Do. do. 42i do. 7,988 — 18,914 — 3,644 Wines, malmsey, Madeira and Lond. part. gallons — — — all other Madeira do. — — — — Burgundy, Champaign, &c. do. — — — — — sherry and St. Lucar all other do. — — — — do. — — — — Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — — — — from other materials do. — — 118,918 — — from domestic produce do. — — — — — Molasses do. — — 694,446 — ■ — Beer, ale and porter do. — — — — — Teas, bohea lbs. — — — — - * — souchong do. — — 255 — — hyson do. — — — — — other green do. — — 128 — — CofiFee do. — — 40,523 — — Cocoa do. — — 5,906 — — Chocolate do. — — — — — Sugar, brown do. — — 5,315,800 — — white do. — — 226 — — loaf do. — — — — — other refined and lump do. — — — — — Almonds do. — — — — — Currants do. — — — — — Prunes and plumbs do. — — — — — Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. — — — — — do. — — — — — all other do. — — — — — Candles, tallow do. — — — — — wax and spermaceti do. — — — — — Cheese do. 121 ' — — — — Soap do. do. — ^^ — — — Tallow *"" "~" ~"™ ~~ —^ Spices, mace do. "~— ~~ ~"~ ^^ — nutmegs do. do. ^~~ .^■" "~^ ^■~ —^ cinnamon ~~ ~~" "~~ —"■ -.— cloves do. — — — — — pepper do. do. "^ ~"~ — — rimento — "-^ ~~ ~^ — 1 !;hinese cassia do. — — — — — Tobacco manufactured, other than snuflf and cigars do. ■^~ ~ 1998 ~"~ —^ Of the Commerce of the United States. 205 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1814. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all otiier Britain burg, Bre- men, itc. From Fi"ance, From Spain. Portugal. MalU, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 777,000 ^^^ 587,750 157,864 80,967 _ ^,^ 68 ^^^ 9,429 1,289,320 107,885 — 165,836 43,610 30,224 — — 132 — 2,220 260,054 7,894 — 8,606 207 1,548 — — — — — 28,955 — — — 1,722 — — . — — — 556 — — — — 149 — _ — — — 713 — — 641 38 — — — — — — 55 6 — — 291 — — » — -._ _ 14,269 — 162,369 125,331 5,968 — — — — — 110,351 232 — — —~^ — — - ..-. ._ ^-. _ 491 12,118 — 144,963 101,221 — — — . — — — 188,776 " — — — — — — __ — 491 1»739 — 137,035 2,435,168 34,314 — — — — — 73,665 3,745 — 15 — — — — — — 5,931 — — — — — — — 17,029 328 15 — — — 9,070 — — — — 56,386 494 6 — — 1,504 1,887 — — — 27,043 208 — — — 1,241 1,778 — — 82,777 2,087 3,792 — 2,518,437 4,118,868 568 — — 285,261 — — 791,289 — — 13,205 — ■ — — — — — — 269,743 — — 18 333 — — M^ „_ -_ _^ 232 36,269 — 907,509 18,294,513 496,166 — — — _- 1,507.686 — — — 2,762,829 — — — — — — 243,473 — ^-" — — — — — — — — 94 — — — 137 — __ .^ ■_ ^^ 241 — — 11,462 34,323 49,311 — — — 1,305 5 — — — 20,246 — ^ — 4,234 — ■— 41,051 453 — » _ ^_ __ ^_ — — — 8,403 2,403 — ^^ __ ..^ 654 164 — 1,370 330,214 2,593 _ ^^ ^» __ 1,881 — — — 187,109 6,756 — — — — — 82,835 — — — — — — — — — — 27,237 — — — 385 — _ ^_ 61 3,301 — 1,547 — — ._ .^ 22,150 196 — 196 9,111 — — — — — _ 42,459 — — — — — — — ..^ — .— 333 — — — — 254 — — — — — — — — 857 — — — , — — 15 — — , .^ ^^ , — — 4,645 — — , _ .^^ .^ 1 , 385,363 — — 1,353 42,426 — — ^_ __^ m^m. — — — 33,655 — — — — — - — 551 — — — — — — — -^ — 3,780 _ ~ " 84 774 ^■^ ■"■ — ™ — — " ~ 1,303 2 S 206 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from th^ Istof October, 1813, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Frassia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. Snuff pounds _ _ Indigo do. — — — . — Cotton do. . 2,004 __ Powder, gun do. — — — Starch do. — I Glue do. 48,840 — — — Pewter plates and dishes do. ... 7,934 _ — Iron, anchors and sheet do. — 114,363 — — slit and hoop do. — — 158,213 — — nails do. — 288 — — spikes do. 435 — Quicksilver do. — — — — Ochre, yellow, in oil do. — — — — — do. dry do. 68,488 — — — — " Spanish brown do. — — — — White and red lead do. — 118,159 — — Lead and manufactures of lead do. — — 16,220 — — Cordage, tarred do. — — — — — untarred do. — — — — — Cables do. ■— — _. — — — Steel cwt. — — 3,211 — 698 Twine and pack-thread do. — — — — — Glauber salts do. — — — — — Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel )ounds — — — — — 56 lbs. or less per bushel mshels — — 13,549 — — Coal do. — — — — — Fish, foreign caught, dried quintals — — — — — pickled salmon barrels — — — — — do. mackarel do. — — — — — do. all other do. — — — — — Seines lbs. — — — — — Glass, black quart bottles groce — — 1 — — window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft 665 — 1,382 — — do. not above 10 by 12 do. 381 — 496 — — do. all above 10 by 12 do. — — 198 — — Cigars 1000 — — 2 — — Foreign lime casks — — — — — Boots pairs — — 12 — — Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — — — — morocco and kid for men and women do. — — 13 — — all other, and for children do. — — — — — Wool and cotton cards dozens — — — — — Playing cards packs — — — — — Of the Commerce of the United States. 201 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30tli of September, 1814. From Trieste From Mocha, From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, Aden & other From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant anc Egypt. ports on the Red Sea. From China. Countries. 24 , _ 2,202 ^_^ 9,867 __ ..._ — — — — 7,259 — ~- 600 25,360 — — — — — — 99,878 53 — __ — — — — — — .^ ^__ 1,185 1,027 — ~- — — — — 158 __ ^_ ^^ __ ' — -^ — 3,651 ^^ ^_ .^ __ ^ — — 242 3,454 ^_ ^^ 24,402 15,393 — — — — — 78,294 127,029 _^ — 26,778 — — — — — — 94,705 4,030 497 17,651 — — — — — — 114,389 -—^ ^_ — — — — — ^— — 1,820 — __ 110,790 — — — — — — — ,^ __ ,_ — — — — — — — 577 .» 54,980 — — — — — — — 100 ■ .^ — — 7,154 — — — — — — 30,906 __ 34,951 917 37,430 — — — — — 60,478 9,615 «._ — 2,995 — — — — — — 31,537 ^_ — - — — — — — — — 21,919 461 ^^ - 50 — — — — — 1,599 .^_ , , — . — — — — — — 8,388 389 -_ 1,043 534 215 — — — — — 573 11 — 34 — — — — — — — 10 . 1 . ^ 20 — . — — — — — 2 — _, 70,762 1,233,027 2,665,062 — — ■ — — — — 13,666 7,229 96,915 105,785 — — — — — 25,327 1,810 — — 1,847 — — — — — 15,710 — — 53 — — — — ■ — — ■ 14,457 — — — — — — — — — — 917 — — — — — — — — — — 1,557 — — — — — — — — — — 4,504 , — , — — — — — — — 1,424 84 ~~ 299 8 2 — — — — — 291 — — — — — — — — — — 1,207 — — — — — — — — — — 23 2 .^ — — — — — — — 28 — 80 2,062 — — — — — — 13 __ — — — — — — — — 363 3 .^^ — — x:,.- — » — 793 ..._ 174 — — — _— ~ 19 1,203 — 211 22 — — TT- — — — 4,584 — — 132 — — — — — — — 745 ,-^ _ — — — — — — — 15 — — 360 — — — — — — ^~ 423 208 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Importei] from the 1st of October, 1814, SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. Russia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. Holland. ' • Value, in dolls, of goods paying 26i per cent Do. do. 25 . duty ad val. do. 526,632 — 788,891 186,164 375,605 Do. do. 30 do. 2,936 — 64,486 23,125 92,768 Do. do. 40 do. 4,896 — 39,045 4,026 88,113 Wines, malmsey and Madeira gallons — — 2,826 315 — all other Madeira do. — — 1,294 42 989 Burgundy and Champaign do. — — 2 3 380 sherry and St. Lucar do. — — — — — all other do. — — 4,323 785 2,347 Spirits, foreign, from grain do. — — 123 21,301 330,989 do. from other materials do. — — 536,104 565,905 99,746 from domestic produce do. — — — — — Molasses do. __ — 126,759 1,383 16,010 Beer, ale and porter do. — — 253 — — Teas, bohea lbs. — — — — — souchong do. — — — — "— hyson do. — — — • 2 "^ other green Coffee do. do. ^^ ~ 107,433 836,769 12,168 Cocoa do. T . _ — 1,355 13,651 — Chocolate do. — — 33 — Sugars, brown white do. • — 1,775,292 2,820,398 341,263 do. — — 9,298 — — candy do. — — — ^~ loaf do. — — ■ ~— ■^ other refined and lump do. — — ^— ^^ Almonds do. — 116 ~^ Currants ' do. * ■""■ ~— "~ ^^ Prunes and plumbs do. — — 3,834 ""■ ^~ Figs Raisins, muscadel, jar and box do. do. — 757 103 — do. all other do. — 40 "" B_* Candles, tallow do. — — — ■^ ^~ wax and spermaceti Cheese do. do. 432 — — — 591 Soap do. — — ■_ ^"~ Talow do. — ■"^ ~"~ — ~ ^Spices, mace nutmegs do. do. ■^~ — — — cinnamon do. — — •~- •~" """■ cloves do. — — — "— ' do. do. do. pepper pimento cassia — __ — 1,073 — Tobacco, manufactured Snuff do. do. — — — 33 58 ] Of the Commerce of the United States. 209 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thei'eof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1815. From Trieste From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Au.s- I-'rom Turkey, From all other Britain. buvRh, Bre- men, &c. From Prance, From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant anc; Kgypt. From China. From Hayti. Countries. 188.099 _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 2,891 __^ _ 34,187,069 980,521 1,569,040 573,648 714,959 136,213 — — 207,344 57,130 1,209,655 8,651,409 41,286 360,192 200,229 86,746 23,215 — — 9,911 8,313 199,477 291,088 122,091 15,017 29,743 4^,837 — — — 8 1,276 5,030 6,949 — 11 2,310 131,541 — — — — 314 2 4,803 — 39 4,719 8,289 — — — — 3 73 219 426 1,940 389 — . — — — — 160 — 2,355 — — 24,215 25 — — — — 108 2,800 164,177 1,307 334,339 316,096 129,156 11,961 — — — 12,672 106,156 37,424 57 46,107 49,410 1,466 — — — — 5,545 24,777 1,410,420 125 581,879 163,098 — 12,281 — — — 10,510 653 46,083 132,650 288,621 ,». 1,607,019 2,521.853 125,038 __ .^^ ^_ 19,876 79,579 — 129 3,974 — — — — ~- 172 4,352 — — — — — — — — 1 14,832 — 323 13,101 — — 23.831 5,831 — — — 1,059,403 — 1,726 3,496 4 17,984 — 24,091 — — — 134,021 — 1,442 21,609 — — 36,690 98,779 — — — 840,156 — 570 518,901 — 1.171,411 11,669,729 1,538 — — — 28 2,911,053 2,367,547 112,002 — 114,708 632 — — — — — 199 8,916 — — 231 885 — — — ... 110 ,__ 2,589,568 — 17,195,263 13,926,808 604,960 — — — 504,396 1.273,278 126,275 — 440,559 2,742,997 429 — — — — 18.548 268,154 109 — — 41 — — — — 207 » , 'i 2,378 — — 69 — — — — — 66,870 27,887 — — 5,871 — — — — 50 2,194 977 — 35,907 20,001 329 — — — 31,339 23,127 3,425 31,184 3,465 — 21,028 — — w^ ^_ 714,735 6,457 — 87,361 2,913 — — — _ ■ 790 16,302 — 3,282 691 9,515 — """' _. 59.303 22,487 — 19,416 142,510 12,523 84 _ . 33,242 191,715 — 7,714 6,245 68,771 50,444 — .^ 1 169.761 444 — — 116 — — — — _ 39,062 — — 539 146 — — ^^ ^_ 1 177 18,065 — 9,964 1,689 889 — — ^^ .^ 53 12,545 45,725 — 16,406 67,872 4,308 76,397 _ _^ 36.902 200,853 216 — — 60,931 4,257 — — — — — 436.490 ^— ^— ^— ~^ ^— — • ~_ _^ .^_ 5 6,676 — — — — — — — 1,902 — 36 129 — 34 — — — — — — — 14,725 18 — 7,337 — — — — ■ 1 4.156 210,119 — — 3,326 — — .— . _ ,^_ 171.067 175,935 — — 10,152 — — — — ._ 2.724 — — 23 214 — — — 56,069 ■ 191 — — 6 — — — ^_ __ 19 59 28 — 33 754 6 — — — — — 2 T 210 Of the Commerce of the United States. A Statement of the Importations into the United States Quantity Imported from the Ist of October, 1814, SPECIKS OF MERCHANDISE. From From From From From or value. KusBia. Prussia. Sweden. Denmark. HoUand. Indigo lbs. ,^^ ^^ , , , Cotton do. — 10,680 — — - Powder, hair do. — — — — «— gun do. — — — — Starch do. — — — Glue do. — _^ — — — Pewter plates and dishes do. — ,^^ __ — — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 179,735 „^_ 16,801 13,066 2,011 slit and hoop do. 2,880 __ 7,432 31,610 8,626 nails do. — ^^ 15,233 4,012 — spikes do. — .^ — — — Quicksilver do. . — » — — — Paints, ochre, yellow, in oil do. _ _^ — — — do. dry do. 560 ^_ — — 1,114 Spanish brown do. » ^^^ — — — white and red lead do. „^^ 928 408 58,286 Lead and manufactures of lead do. — _^ 27,019 5,536 — Seines do. — — — — Cordage, tarred do. 52,107 „^^ 18,971 66,793 — untarred do. 1,096 _ — 2,250 — Cables do. _. 13,544 — — Steel cwt — .^ 2,510 300 2,661 Hemp do. 23,000 2,578 707 2,624 Twine do. 1 — 5 — 39 Untarred yarn do. — — 5 — — Glauber salts do. — — — — Salt, weighing more than 56 lbs. per bushel lbs. — — 25,117 — 200,978 56 lbs. or less per bushel bushels — — 2,778 19,236 11,304 Coal do. — — ..— — Fish, dried quintals — — — — — pickled salmon barrels — — — — — do. mackarel do. — — — — — do. all other do. ""■ — — — 13 Glass, black quart bottles groce — 52 27 418 window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq. ft. 331 — 799 — 656 do. not above 10 by 12 do. 114 < — 269 — 228 do. all above 10 by 12 do. 147 — - 221 — 88 Cigars 1000 — / 76 1 — Foreign lime casks — — — — Boots pairs 7 — 33 164 — Shoes and slippers, silk do. — — 4 — — kid and morocco do. 10 — 13 473 — all other do. — — — — — Cards, wool and cotton dozens — — — — — playing packs — — — — -~ Of the Commerce of the United States. 211 from each Foreign Nation and the Dependencies thereof, continued. to the 30th of September, 1815. From Trieste From Great From Ham- From From Italy, & other Aus- From Turkey, From all other Britain. burg, Bre- men, &c. From France. From Spain. Portugal. Malta, &c. trian ports on the Adriatic. Levant and Egypt. From China. From HaytL Countries. 78,609 _ 507 16,304 2,359 , __ __ _ __ 34,381 — — 20,081 18,457 — — — — — 8,317 72,832 224 — 113 — — — — — - — 60 108,798 — 20 2,475 — — — — — 28,052 1,985 • — 331 3,213 — — — — ■ — 32 18 40,172 — — — 12,742 — — — — — 1,605 2,145 « . — — — - — — — — — 1,037,498 6,958 103,623 43,251 — — 5.675 11,996 852,487 — 11,327 12,238 4,791 — — — — 9,028 47,091 422,274 36 71,002 2,951 1.594 — — — >— — 64,792 75,976 — 412 — — — — — — 1,272 431 — — 44,073 161 — — — — — 37,392 15,207 — 132 — — — — — — — 420 63,136 — 58,505 1,875 6,352 • — — — — ' — — 604,225 — 502 9,388 2,218 — — — — — — 2,358,171 — 2,082 47,854 2,128 — — — 114,855 — 17,488 3,049,670 — 3,170 31,907 7,171 — — — — — 116,197 6,642 — 501 — — — — — .^ ._ 25 264,191 17,870 9,167 538 864 — — — — 114,359 8,545 — 28 1,465 — . — — — .^ 3,883 46,130 — . 8,408 — 12,762 — — — ^_ 16.965 •13,372 858 798 1,811 66 — — __ „^^ 88 8,726 235 — 120 — _ — , ^_ ^^_ 919 — 59 14 35 — — — — ~_ 53 — — — — — — — — ^_ «_ 331 _ 6 „ ^_ 41 15,387,613 391,681 — 3,628,267 5,176,892 — — ~. .^_ ^.^ 1,141,205 7,899 33,860 186,729 157,287 — — — ^.^ 4,801 11,986 84,586 — — 496 — — — — ^ 13,316 2,344 — 5 16 — — — , , 14,036 679 — — — — — — — _^ , 516 ' 431 — — 1 — — — — ■ 1,003 196 — — 46 — — — . •^ «-^ 2,716 11,529 95 2,326 433 10 2 — __ „^^ 6 230 3,949 110 6 106 94 — — _._ _^^ 63 1,007 52 15 43 7 — — .^^ ^^ _^ 16 718 105 — 6 19 — . — ^.^ 12 293 — 67 4,136 — — — — 130 — — — — — — — ^^ _^ . 4 460 — 56 — 7 — — ,^ ■ ___ . 395 15 — 2,019 12 — 1 __ , 3 ,500 4,858 — 3,886 2 5 — — • , 30 10,466 458 — 325 — — — — — — — 1,309 1,218 — 68 — — — — — — 31 5.604 212 Of the Commerce of the United States. SECTION IV. GENERAL VIEW OF THE COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES, IN 1802, 1803 AND 1804. The following views of our foreign commerce were prepared by the Secre tary of the Treasury, in pursuance of sundry resolutions, passed by the House of Representatives, in February, 1806. OF THE COMMERCE WITH GREAT BRITAIN AND HER DEPENDENCIES. I. With the Dominions of Great Britain in Europe, ( Gibraltar excepted.) The annual exports are estimated at about . . . 15,690,000 dolls, viz: Domestic Produce. Cotton 5,640,000 Tobacco 3,220,000 Provisions 2,160,000 Lumber, naval stores and pot-ashes 1,510,000 AU other articles of domestic produce 900,ooo 13,430,000 Foreign merchandise 2,260,ooo DoUs. 15,690,000 And the annual imports at 27,400,000 dollars, viz: In merchandise paying duties on its value, and em- bracing with inconsiderable exceptions, all the wooUen, cotton, linen, silk, metal, earthen, glass and paper manufactures 26,060,000 All the articles, paying specific duties, and consistmg principally of salt, steel, lead, nails and porter . 1,340,000 27,400,000 Balance in favour of Great Britain, DoUs. 11,710,000 On the Exports to the dominions of Great Britain, in Europe, it may be observed, that the tobacco is supposed to exceed the amount wanted for their Of the Commerce of the United States. 2l3 own consumption ; that as the laws of Great Britain do not permit, for home consumption, the importation of the greater part of the articles of foreign mer- chandise, in American vessels, those which appear to have been shipped from the United States, have generally been either cleared for England and a market, or, when landed, warehoused for re-exportation; and that flour and wheat, which are not a permanent article of exportation to Great Britain, constituted more than two thirds of the value of the provisions exported to that country in 1802 and 1803. Although the quantity of cotton exported to Great Britain is increasing, and its value amounted, in 1804, to near 6,200,000 dollars, yet the total value of the exports to that country did not, in that year, exceed, in arti- cles both of domestic and foreign produce, 13,200,000 dollars, whilst the im- portations amounted to 27,600,000 dollars, making a balance, in favour of Great Britain, of 14,200,000 dollars. As that balance must necessarily be paid out of the proceeds of the exports of the United States to other countries, it follows, that on the value of those exports depends the ability to pay for British manu- factures to that extent; and that the quantity imported, either for home con- sumption or re-exportation, must be affected by every obstruction to the com- merce of the United States with other countries. II. With the British East Indies. The annual exports amount only to 130,000 dollars, viz,: In articles of Domestic produce 47 ooo dolls. In articles of Foreign produce 83 000 130,000 And the annual imports to 3,530,000 dollars, viz: In merchandise paying duties on its value, and consisting principally of white cotton goods 2,950,000 In all other articles, consisting principally of sugar, pepper and cotton 580,000 3,530,000 The balance is paid principally in specie, exported either directly from the United States, or circuitously from other countries ; and the resources necessary to discharge it arise also from the proceeds of the exports of the United States to such countries. 2 U 214 Of the Commerce of the United States. III. With the Northern British Colonies in AmericaS^^') The annual exports consist of the following articles. Domestic Produce. Provisions and live-stock 530,000 Lumber, naval stores and pot-ash 90,000 Skins and furs 160,000 All other articles 60,000 840,000 Foreign merchandise 160,000 Dolls. 1,000,000 The annual imports amount to 540,000 dollars, viz: In goods paying duty ad valorem, and consisting principally of merchandise, for the Indian trade, and of fish 480,oqo AU articles paying specific duties 60,000 540,000 But it must be observed, 1st, that the value of the plaister of Paris, which is one of the principal articles imported from those colonies, and pays no duty, is not included in that sum. 2d, That the skins and fiu-s, stated amongst the ex- ports of the United States to the said colonies, are the proceeds of the Indian trade, carried on by the Canada merchants, in the United States and Louisiana, by the way of Michilimackinac and Detroit. IV. With the British West Indies. The exports consist of the following articles, viz : Domestic Produce. Provisions and live stock 4,720,000 Lumber 990,000 All other articles 340,000 6,050,000 Foreign merchandise 430,ooo Dolls. 6,480,000 (53) New-Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Canada and Newfoundland. Of the Commerce of the United States. 215 And the imports are as follow, viz : Spirits 2,440,000 Sugar and coffee 1,480,000 All other articles '. . . . 650,000 4,570,000 The apparent balance in favour of the United States, which is paid partly in specie, but principally in bills on England, arises from the regulations by which the exportation of sugar and coffee, from those colonies, in American vessels is generally prohibited. IMPORTATIONS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. The annual value of imports from all parts of the world, calculated on the average of the same three years, amounts to dolls. 75,316,000 On which the value imported from the dominions of Great Britain amounts to 35,970,000 And that imported from all other countries is as follows, viz : From the Northern Powers, Prussia and Germany . 7,094,000 From the dominions of Holland, France, Spain and Italy 25,475,000 From the dominions of Portugal 1,083,000 From China and other native powers of Asia . . . 4,856,000 From all other countries, including also some articles not particularly discriminated 838,000 39,346,000 Dolls. 75,316,000 The value of the several species of merchandise, thus imported, may be arranged as follows, viz : First. Articles principally imported from the dominions of Great Britain, viz. Merchandise paying duties on its value . . . 39,489,000 Salt, naUs, lead, steel, beer, cheese, shoes and coals 1,917,000 Rum 3,881,000 45,287,000 Of which are imported from the dominions of Great Britain . . 33,461,000 And from all other countries li,826,ooo Dolls. 45,287,000 216 Of the Commerce of the United States. Brought forward, 45,287,000 Second. Articles principally imported from other countries, viz : Coffee 8,373,000 Sugar • 7,794,000 Molasses 1,930,000 Cotton, cocoa, indigo, pepper and pimento . . . 2,257,000 Hemp, soap, candles, and aU other articles, (wines, teas, gin and brandy excepted) 1,600,000 21,954,000 Of which are imported from the dominions of Great Britain 2,476,000 And from all other countries .... 19,478,000 Dolls. 21,954,000 Third. Articles only incidentally imported from Great Britain, viz : Brandy and Geneva 2,753,000 Wines 2,962,000 Teas 2,360,000 8,075,000 Of which are imported from the dominions of Great Britain 33,000 From all other countries 8,042,000 8,075,000 Dollars 75,316,000 EXPORTS TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. I. Domestic Produce. The annual value of the articles of domestic produce, exported to all parts of the world, calculated on the average of the same three years, is computed at Dolls. 39,928,000 Of which the amount exported to the dominions of Great Britain is 20,653,000 And that to all other parts of the world, viz: To the Northern Powers, Prussia and Germany 2,9 1 8,0 To the dominions of Holland, France, Spain and Italy 12,183,000 To the dominions of Portugal 1,925,000 To all other countries, including also some articles not particularly discriminated . . 2,249,000 19,275,000 Dolls. 39,928,000 Of the Commerce of the United States. 217 Considered in relation to the several quarters of the globe, and without refe- rence to the dominions of any particular power, those exports are distributed in the following manner, viz : Dollars. Exported to Europe . 22,957,000 the West Indies and other American colonies . 15,607,000 Asia, Africa, and the South Seas 1,364,000 Dolls. 39,928,000 And the several articles of which these exports consist, are respectively valued as follow, viz : Provisions, flour, wheat, com, rice, and every other species of vegetable food 13,040,000 Dried and pickled fish 2,848,000 Beef, pork, butter, cheese, and every other species of animal food . 3,728,000 Cotton 6,940,000 Tobacco 6,143,000 Lumber, naval stores and pot-ashes 4,387,000 All other articles 2,842,000 Dolls. 39,928,000 II. Foreign Produce. It has been stated, that the annual value of importations amounted to 75,316,000 The amount re-exported and entitled to di'awback, was . . . 19,370,000 Leavingfor the amount on which the net duties were collected, DoUs. 55,946,000 But as the amount of drawbacks is calculated on the average of the three calendar years, 1802, 1803 and 1804, instead of the years ending on the 30th of September ; as a considerable quantity of merchandise is re-exported, which is not entitled to drawback, and as the articles re-exported, being worth more in the United States than at the places from which they had been imported, ought accordingly to be rated higher: the value of the annual exports of foreign pro- duce, as returned by the collectors, though perhaps somewhat overrated, aifords in that respect more correct results than can be derived from the accounts of drawbacks. It appears from the returns so made by the collectors, 2 X 218 Of the Commerce of the United States. That the annual value of the articles of foreign produce, re-exported to aU parts of the world, calculated on the average of the same three years, is estimated at DoUs. 28,533,000 Of v^rhich the amount exported to the dominions of Great Britain is * . . 3,054,000 And that to all other parts of the world is, viz : To the Northern Powers, Prussia and Germany 5,05 1,000 To the dominions of Holland, France, Spain and Italy 18,495,000 To the dominions of Portugal . • . . . 396,000 To all other countries, including also some articles not particularly discriminated . . 1,537,000 25,479,000 Dolls. 28,533,000 That considered in relation to the several quarters of the globe, without refe- rence to the dominions of any particular power, those exports are distributed in the following manner, viz : Exported to Europe 20,648,000 the West Indies and other American colonies . . 6,688,000 Asia, Africa and the South Seas 1,197,000 Dolls. 28,533,000 And that the several articles of which those exports consist, are respectively valued, as follow, viz : Merchandise paying ad valorem duties 9,772,000 Coffee 7,302,000 - Sugar 5,775,000 Cotton, cocoa, indigo, pimento and pepper 2,490,000 Teas 1,304,000 Wines 1,108,000 Spirits of every description 642,000 All other articles 140,000 Dolls. 28,533,000 Of the Commerce of the United States. 219 General Balance. Dollars. The annual value of Importations being stated at 75,316,000 And that of Exports of domestic produce at . . . 39,928,000 of foreign do 28,533,000 Amounting together to 68,461,000 DoUs. 6,855,000 Leaves an apparent balance against the United States, of near seven millions of dollars. But it must be observed, that the value of the importations, having been computed upon aU the articles, on the same principle on which the duties ad valorem are calculated, that is to say, by adding from 10 to 20 per cent, to the prime cost and charges, at the places from which the articles are imported; and it being ascertained, that the portion imported in foreign vessels, in which alone the freight is paid to foreign nations, amounts in value to less than one tenth part of the total value of importations ; the United States pay to foreign nations, on the other nine tenths, no more than the prime cost and charges, at the places from which the merchandise is imported, or, in the whole, no more than about sixty-seven mOlions of dollars, instead of seventy-five mil- lions, three hundred and sixteen thousand. And although the exports are pro- bably rated by the collectors, as has been stated, above their value in America, yet they are valued certainly below the price obtained by the United States, in the foreign countries to which they are exported. The real balance may there- fore be confidently considered as in favour of the United States, although its true amount cannot be correctly ascertained. Duties. The gross amount of duties, annually collected on merchandise imported, amounts for the same three years, (exclusively of the additional duties which constitute the Mediterranean fund) to 16,195,000 The annual amount of drawbacks averages 4,645,000 DoUs. 11,550,000 220 Of the Commerce of the United States. 1. Net dutiesy collected on the importations from Great Britain and other Countries respectively. The net duties collected on each species of merchandise imported, is correct- ly ascertained, and on the principal articles amounts to the following sums, viz: On merchandise paying ad valorem duties 4,618,000 5 Nails, lead, steel, beer, cheese, shoes and coal .... 161,000 ^Salt 562,000 723,000 Rum 1,800,000 Geneva and brandy 828 000 5 Teas • 475,000 C Wines 726,000 1,201,000 Coffee 393,000 Sugar 1,337,000 Molasses 320,000 Cotton, pepper, indigo, cocoa and pimento All other articles 150,000 180,000 -2,050,000 330,000 DoUs. 11,550,000 The amount of net duties, collected on the importations from Great Britain and other countries, respectively, could not have been ascertained without caus- ing great delay ; and the following estimate was formed on the supposition, that the re-exportations of similar articles imported from different countries, are in the same ratio as the gross amount of the same articles imported from such countries. On merchandise paying duties ad valorem Salt, nails, lead, steel, beer, cheese, shoes and coal . . Rum Net duties on Merchandise imported from Great Britaiu, Another Countries. Dolls. 3,477,000 453,000 1,666,000 6,000 290,000 40,000 Molls 1,141,000 270,000 634,000 2,023,000 1,760,000 290,000 Geneva, brandy, wines and teas All oflipr articlps ............. On all articles imported from Great Britain 5,432,000 6,118,000 6,118,000 Dollars, 11,550,000 Of the Commerce of the United States. 22 L As the duties which constitute the Mediterranean fund, have not been noticed in the foregoing statements, it wUl be sufficient to observe, that the annual amount of that fund, calculated on the average of the same three years, would be , ... Dolls. 877,000 On which the portion arising from importations from Great Britain, may be computed at 780^000 And that from the importations from all other countries at 97,000 DoUs. 877,000 II. Duties collected on articles re-exported. These, which may be considered as the revenue derived from the carrying trade, consist of three items, viz : 1st. The three and an half per cent, retained on all drawbacks, amounted, during the three years 1802, 1803 and 1804, to the following sums, viz: In 1802 .... 480,088 1803 .... 138,732 1804 .... 188,163 Dolls. 506,983 making, on the average of these years, an annual amount of near 170,000 2d. Ten per cent, on the duty upon such goods, imported in foreign vessels, as are re-exported, estimated at 10,000 3d. The duties paid on such articles as are, for various causes, re- exported, without being entitled to drawback, cannot be ascertained with precision, particularly as relates to merchandise paying duties ad valorem. By an estimate, however, which is considered as nearly correct, it appears that the annual value, of aU other articles, thus exported, amounts for the three years abovementioned, to near 650,000 dollars, the duties on the importation of which did not fall short of 130,000 The annual amount of merchandise, paying duties ad valorem, which was re-exported during the same years, amounts by the col- lectors' returns, to 9,772,000 dollars. The annual value of the same species of merchandise, on which the drawback was allowed, during the three calendar years 1802, 1803 and 1804, amounted precisely Carried fomvard, Bolls. 310,000 2 Y 222 Of the Commerce of the United States. Brought forward, Dolls. 310,000 to 4,411,000 dollars, but on account of the difference between the exportations of the last quarters of the years 1801 and 1804, may for the three years, commencing on the first of October, 1801, and ending on the 30th of September, 1804, be estimated at 4,700,000 dollars, leaving stOl a difference of more than five miUions of dollars between the total amount exported, as valued in the collectors' returns, and the true value of the amount on which the drawback was allowed. Supposing the value in the collectors' returns to have been overrated 12 per cent, there would stiU remain an amount of near four millions of dollars exported, without the drawback having been allowed, and the duties on which may be estimated at 540,000 Dolls. 850,000 making altogether eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars, for duties not paid by consumers within the United States, but derived directly fi:-om the carrying trade. Of the Commerce of the United States. 223 Exports to the Dominions of Cheat Britain in Europe, for each of the years ending on the. 5.0th of September, 1802, 1803, and 1804. 1. Articles of Domestie Produce. Quantity. Value io Dollars. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1802. 1803. 1804. Cotton lbs. 21,015,006 27,760,574 25,770,748 Dolls. 4,623,301 DolU. 6,107,326 Dolls. 6.184,979 Tobacco hhds. 31,063 50,274 27,419 2,795,670 4,524,660 2,358.034 Flour bbls. 208,744 203,702 7,390 I 2,076,199 1,981,420 59,120 Wheat bushels 201,250 234,536 — ■Rice tierces 29,385 26,681 14,419 881,550 800,430 432,570 Beef and pork bbls. Pot and pearl ashes tons 2,549 8,522 9,923 33,137 102,264 119,076 3,324 4,782 3,524 498,600 717,300 528,600 Staves and heading M. Boards, plank and scantling 1000 ft. 4,295 9,563 9,802 1 .. o 1,350 2,666 3,202 y 266,238 526,550 523,150 Timber tons 9,611 10,404 12,848 J Dye woods value Pitch, tar, rosin, &c. bbls. ^^ — 92,881 198,772 60,470 52,926 137,165 117,056 185,241 480,077 468,224 Flaxseed bushels 154,252 311,075 280,666 269,941 544,381 491,515 Skins and furs value ^ — 152,180 196,745 416,576 (") AH other articles do. — — ^^ 191,583 279,339 145.345 Total value. Dolls. 12,066,521 16,459,264 11.787.659 2. Articks of Foreign Produce. Merchandise paying duties ad valorem value ^. — 1,106,066 597,248 669,889 Indigo lbs. Sugar do. Cotton do. 158,368 8,851 8,675 277.144 13,177 17,340 5,354,807 2,100,172 1,412,733 535,480 210,016 148,742 2,458,919 764,366 1,470,660 614,630 152,873 338,251 CoflFee do. 4,386,744 647,273 861,770 1,140,553 161,818 241,295 Teas do. 268,717 167,032 — 229,429 95,562 — Wines gallons 1,691 3,564 1,092 1,798 6,130 2,184 Pepper lbs. 427,244 499,974 — 89,721 89.995 — («« All other articles value — "^ ■^^ 22,208 15,271 1,141 Total value. Dolls. 4,017,029 1,342.090 1,418,842 Value of domestic prod uce, as abov i. Do. 12,066,521 16,459.264 11,787.659 Total, Dolls. 16,083,550 17.801.354 13.206.501 (54) Consisting principally of ginseng, wax, medicinal drugs, whale oil, hams and bacon, distilled spirits, turpentine spirits, apples, cheese, ship bread and biscuit, lard, Indian meal, manufactured wood, &c. &c. (55) Consisting principally of lead, molasses, cocoa, pimento and spirits. 224 i^the Commerce of the United States. Exports to the, Dominions of Great Britain in the East Indies, for each of the years ending on the SOth of September, 1802, 1803, and 1804. h drticles of Domestic Produce. Quantity. ^ Value in Dollars. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1802. 1803. 1804. Ginseng lbs. Boards, plank, &c. 1000 ft. All other wood, &c. value Beef and pork bbls. Bacon and lard lbs. Flour bbls. Butter and cheese lbs. Soap and candles do. ("J All other articles value 74 144 100 5,000 1,145 125,122 253 160 83,691 660 23,388 53,452 679 130 DoIIb. I 6,763 I 1,444 800 600 627 5,411 . Dolls. 37,536 12,212 10,771 5,280 4,520 13,686 23,296 Dolls. 3,414 7,866 1,170 4,002 Total value. Dolls: 15,645 107,301 16,452 2. Articles of Foreign Produce. Merchandise paying duties ad valorem, value Spirits gallons Wines do. ("> All other articles value 12,007 9,998 23,020 11,890 45,191 10,054 31,747- 12,007 14,672 9,418 26,172 23,020 12,984 5,797 35,949 45,191 19.021 13,659 Total value, Dolls. Value of domestic produce, as above. Do. 67,844 15,645 67,973 107,301 113,820 1 -^2 Total, Dolls. 83,489 175,274 130,272 (56) Consisting principally of pickled and dried fish, tobacco, Indian corn, iron castings and manufactures, household furniture, turpentine spirits, naval stores, hams and bacon, &c. &c. (57) Consisting principally of cables and cordage, beer, ale and porter, salt, soap, cigars, &c. Of the. Commerce of the United States. 325 Exports to the Dominions of Great Britain, on the Continent ofJVorth America and JVewfoundland, for each of the years ending on the 50th of September, 1802, 1803 and 1804. 1. Articles of Domestic Produce. Quantity. Value in Dollars. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1802. 1803. 1804. Flour bbls. - 35^418 49,701 40,813 -^ Bread and biscuit do. 13,578 13,961 11,484 y 326,681 421,662 338,319 Wheat bushels 19,554 10,931 6,692 Indian corn dt.. 38,509 94,821 52,396 i 32,135 79,666 61,681 Indian and rye meal bbls. 1,084 8,064 5,596 Beef and pork Bacon and lard do. lbs. 5,861 13,222 11,142 30,153 5,027 33,259 I 65,793 126,077 58,622 Butter and cheese do. 24,680 148,750 185,838 2,770 20,772 25,151 Staves and heading, &c. 1000 74 — 384 Boards, plank, &c. Shingles 1000 ft. 1000 201 80 1,004 3,048 751 I 4,493 43,128 72,582 Timber tons 8,269 6,518 Pot ashes do. 163 220 342 24,450 33,000 47,880 Pitch, tar, rosin, &c. bbls. 3,989 4,065 5,402 13,961 14,227 16,206 Skins and firs value — — — 210,050 269,305 (*'J All other articles do. — ^— ■~~ 42,278 57,264 93,561 Total value. Dolls. 512,561 1,005,846 983,306 2. Articles of Foreign Produce. Merchaiidise paying duties ad valorem value — — — 63,182 34,268 50,227 Teas lbs. 54,845 71,544 72,740 54,015 65,868 44,579 Wines gallons 24,506 4,817 2,277 19,186 5,013 2,343 Spirits do. 9,619 6,603 20,310 9,619 6,603 20,310 Molasses do. 15,985 15,928 20,138 7,992 7,964 10,069 Ps'J All other articles value ^~' ■"™ —— 18,319 34,7;31 16,401 Total value. Dolls. 172,313 154,447 143,929 Value of domestic product I, as above. Do. 512,561 1,005,846 983,306 Total, Dolls. 684,874 1,160,293 1,127,235 (58) Consisting principally of live stock, apples, beer, pickled and dried fish, rice, linseed, spermaceti and whale oils, household furniture, flaxseed, hops, bar iron and castings, distilled spirits, saddlery, nails, cables and cordage, cotton, tobacco, &c. (59) Consisting principally of sugar, co£Fee, spices, salt, cotton, indigo, cables, cordage, hemp^ &c.' . 2 Z 226 Of the Commerce of the United States. Exports to the Dominions of Great Britain, in the West Indies, for each of the years ending on the 50th of September, 1802, 1803 and 1804. 1. Articles ofJ)omestic Produce, Quantity. Value in Dollars. 1802. 1803. 1804. 1802. 1803. 1804, Flour bbls. Bread and biscuit kegs &bbls. 245,708 69,438 260,555 75,673 220,586 71,776 X 1,942,233 2,063,099 1,875,747 Indian corn bushels Rye and Indian meal bbls. 630,705 28,130 815,191 74,071 446,498 63,542 X 557,419 670,983 620,812 Rice tierces 8,008 6,525 10,566 240,240 195,750 316,980 Oats, peas, beans and po- ? ij^gi^gjg tatoes 5 159,769 120.404 136,035 104,771 78,018 80,910 Beef and pork bbls. Bacon and lard lbs. 51,088 784,594 52,087 782,938 93,582 1,141,748 \ 665,074 601,314 1,163,350 Butter and cheese lbs. 986,455 826,319 902,430 113,584 106,625 119,348 Fish, dried quintls Do. pickled kegs & bbls. 92,679 33,788 71,495 29,523 76,822 37,095 X 550,083 484,103 529,858 Horned cattle, hogs and ? ^^^^^^ sheep i Horses and mules . do. 16,507 16,004 15,113 196,850 122,763 165,599 4,727 2,797 3,187 230,900 139,596 156,300 Staves, heading, hoops, &c. 1000 18,074 16,553 14,392 ^ • Boards, plank, &c. 1000 ft. Shingles 1000 42,831 50,283 ■ 42,206 47,231 35,499 44,340 L 1,216,107 866,225 890,786 All other wood value — — — Tobacco hhds. 1,398 1,335 1,378 111,840 93,450 S6,460 Soap and candles lbs. 609,196 367,772 970,619 104,231 68,131 154,424 (eo) All other articles value " ■ ' m—mi ■■~" 195,132 134,590 ; 145,093 Total value. Dolls. 6,228,464 5,624,647 6,315,667 2. Articles of Foreign Produce. r Merchandise paying duties ad valorem value _ _ 369,298 67,724 469,307 Spirits gallons Wines do. 20,235 6,514 89,848 20,235 6,514 89,848 61,130 6,899 168,022 59,119 7,768 138,243 Teas lbs. 7,330 4,204 7,303 8,055 4,933 9,751 (61) All other articles value — •"■"■ ' 4,319 4,034 24,842 Total value. Dolls. 461,026 90,973 731,991 Value of domestic produc e, as abeve. Do. 6,228^464 5,624,647 6,315,667 Total, Dolls. 6,689,490 5,715,620 7,047,658 (60^ Consisting principally of pot ashes, apples, beer, barle", boots and shoes, cables, cordage, wool and cotton cards, pleasurable carriages, household furniture, iron cutings, &c. skins and furs, saddlery, sperma- ceti, fish and linseed oils, manufactured tobacco, wax, &c. (61) Consisting principally of glauber salts, medicinal drugs, shoes and slippers, copper and brass, spices, &c. 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G!COO)X!NO O •o s P-' 1^ 6 K -^(S^cOrH CO OGhhioKO^GI CO 8 ^^■•3 00 IloOGicO ICD IrH-^KOKi-H |0 1 1 ©? 53 • COlt^COlOCTilOib-G!OCOlOlo|(3> Cj s « ■* to "o CO -cr ao otoioooooo m CI •s^ i ? o n ef l-^ r^ (sT >o" lr5'Gf'n<"cOtO gT « 3 h- CO to 05 G5 1-1 G^ 3 aS (N G! hh 00 •J: ~^^ t^K>OtOio>O-HCDG!>OG(Kc0K'^'-^00O)Ol OlOOCC o !-S ■1 1 2 S- o P ijriioooKbrKhTbCcoGrGfTf'frco'o? co'ooifT o Mil •325-2 O-5ftO00TfCDr-COT}^tOO i-HrH Cl il -hG!,-hG!g|00 G? GJ^TftScOTl^OJ O ^« -c ^^ CO ^ hC ■*" r-? r-T r-H ocT ^ rH CO •| -S 3" o 1 5^ c. 3 JJ E^^ H c/: lO 00 G? O 00 1-H o 3 -a CO o 00 u rH XI t. a) -£ -3 .-S a. -S >^ § = O u (U O i>- o ^ pj 0) o -U -rt -(^ P! 5 W ■ a PS to 00 to" CD «c CO »n lO o o 3 2nH • TH T3 >o" o . ;:; *^ 00 a> 1-H 1^ c*H 3 ^ a; 4) O . a cc j- OJ 1«! t*H p^ « O -+J T3 -M C OJ « O , r-; 0) ? Ml _5 <= r fH CO 05 >o lO CO CO © a B > -li s o s 4 Z 498 Of the Revenues of the United Btatr.z. Statement exhibiting the amount of Drawback payable on sundry articles exported from Sl'ECIES OF MERCHANDISE. On Merchandise paying a duty of 7^ per cent, ad vaVorem 8i 10 lOJ 10| n 12i 13| ISf 15 154- 16 I6i m 20 21| 22 9.^ 24| ' "2 32-i 40 42' 44 do. do. do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do., do. do. do- do, do. do. do. do. do. Do. ' ' 5o Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. Do. do. On AVines, do. Do. do. Do. do. Madeira Burgundy and Champaigne sherry . . • • St. Lucar claret . . . • Lisbon . . . • Oporto , . • • Teneriffe and Fayat Malaga .... all other . . . • Snirits, foreign distilled, from grain Do. do. other materials domes.tic do, molasses . ■ Do. do. domestic produce Molasses •> Beer, ale and porter Teas, bohea souchong hyson other green • Coffee Chocolate Cocoa . • •, ^, Sugar, brown, clayed or othenvise white, clayed, or powdered lump loaf and candy . other refined, &c. Almonds Fruits, currants • • prunes and plumbs raisins, in jars and muscadel do. all other ir93. Duties Received. Dolls. Cte. 1,122,450 38 28,735 26 15,261 83 455„448 50 8,573 67 6,139 28 15,279 88 83,089 60 83,098 16 1,403 20 752 88 3,109 93 Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. 7,393 49 15 28 32 68 1,437 53 25 01 9 12 29 20 74 87 43 66 1 29 100 25 — \ 104,770 80 121,752 15 52,092 33 3,472 28 50,543 05 14.944 51 114,261 56 7,998 22 102,338 56 924,303 36 148,229 95 22,572 45 164,577 68 78,041 66 43,151 62 28,713 78 1,396,652 K 15 78 29»182 3d 660,350 36 3,883 71 104,672 17 1794. Duties Received. 29 3,192 47 4,692 98 405 80 337 39 45 30 231 78 2,217 35 1,403 04 5,323 33 26,056 71 228 25 1,071 36 1,441 15 8,405 70 2,898 28 169,928 17 6,201 13 13,634 55 3 27 .J,793 83 Dolls. Cts. 508,361 01 17,625 32 3,372 12 1,092,812 55 2,473 89 1,921 85 51,715 45 241,753 80 18 62 4,841 16 362,990 12 430 27 2,343 24 9,299 65 16,353 96 21,376 23 1,634 49 237,042 35 Drawback Payable. DoUs. Cts. 11,902 33 2,240 72 403 25 2,844 59 108 16 68 19 936 23 643-13 346 42 13 45 26,313 IS 166,263 43 14,258 50 82,501 98 5,286 31 115,980 85 66,337 54 63,353 89 15,890 66 103,202 22 1.515.162 11 140 79 8. 07 104,735 03 25,961 96 228,380 62 62,306 31 32,877 19 10,410 47 1.680.163 46 23 46 54,442 73 666,677 62 60,655 26 12 99 3,529 52 85,483 94 631 15 231 17 138 75 1,615 68 1,376 50 15,954 88 22,162 62 140 08 165 20 2,319 01 2,313 73 21,436 77 2,859 79 1,141,523 96 9,246 45 155,760 46 87,792 54 nues of the United States. 439 the United States, with the amount of Duties collected on the same respectively. 1795. 1796. 1797. 1798. Duties received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Payable. Payable. Payable. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 453 99 11,827 35 ^^ 993 00 __ _ _^ — 3,442 20 — 401 35 — — . — — . 348 98 — — »« — 1,781,787 40 40,830 12 2,153,549 63 133,500 52 1,473,793 00 186,650 00 1,217,761 00 145,973 00 8 20 9 41 — 75 26 k— . — — 92 293 41 — — .— , — — 107,538 89 4,935 68 133,498 23 10,040 25 130,793 00 52,517 00 358,925 00 117,715 00 669,291 62 17,033 28 896,413 29 58,523 49 869,731 00 134,371 00 791,363 00 135,959 00 230 82 — — __ — — . 19,308 01 157 23 39,618 80 3,330 83 26,392 00 15,594 00 78,364 00 30,516 00 891,248 12 6,102 25 1,149,984 18 ■22,825 65 952,540 00 50,640 00 637,126 00 53)532 00 36 11 2 34 — — — — 220 19 14 41 — — 301 84 68 73 — — ___ .^ ._ 53,613 12 535 10 65,329 79 8,593 15 60,263 00 15,391 00 92,471 00 18,324 00 43,660 40 138 82 72,807 55 1,623 10 60,779 00 8,807 00 34,718 00 5,145 00 48 32 40 80 — 12 25 — — — _ 2,693 35 — 3,872 16 542 31 5,783 00 936 00 17,474 00 3,411 00 174,591 79 62,566 15 63,497 75 118,551 03 130,019 00 89,936 00 106,600 00 80,626 00 28,402 22 181 65 42,485 05 7,819 89 45,624 00 26,584 00 85,994 00 51,024 00 196,842 76 5,982 68 209,280 84 69,899 70 174,920 00 24,562 00 86,158 00 14,571 00 2,369 22 — 630 00 79 20 623 00 75 00 539 00 245 00 99i955 61 2,108 63 185,547 38 7,383 12 90,467 00 22,797 00 51,876 00 6,836 00 12,432 18 — 9,489 68 1,716 14 6,964 00 733 00 8,084 00 750 00 65,784 17 728 95 138,096 72 3,472 52 102,959 00 2,608 00 27,235 00 951 00 44,899 89 3,164 92 31,075 77 16,091 34 77,250 00 2,652 00 65,879 00 2,345 00 95,773 03 1,108 62 79,016 16 12,273 95 41,839 00 13,586 00 37,496 00 12,440 00 51,976 94 — 36,022 19 1,869 00 17,972 00 1,041 00 46,175 00 12,130 00 94,370 29 3,321 73 90,920 89 60,414 58 86,685 00 66,613 00 45,776 00 37,483 00 38,848 89 5,701 58 157,777 86 2,695 78 416,670 00 65,010 00 159,512 00 32,281 00 l,453-,643' 28 53,481 10 1,603,023 39 154,222 90 l,58i5,630 00 56,960 00 1,312,596 00 85,556 00 257 69 — 743 53 271 41 376 00 96 00 342 00 2 00 2 87 — 176 80 — 27 00 19 00 54 00 127,759 05 156 87 145,747 69 1,121 96 145,858 00 1,631 00 177,252 00 1,194 00 29,375 76 288 26 27,765 87 3,570 25 22,673 00 2,768 00 16,349 00 710 00 227,884 56 5^237 22 185,861 52 7,681 41 145,760 00 3,975 00 131,573 00 1,440 00 28,877 96 867 99 16,216 03 2,590 85 37,992 00 1,223 00 64,872 00 1,497 00 35,703 50 1,856 23 82,225 98 5,367 20 79,126 00 13,256 00 76,017 00 9,705 00 9,822 48 36 05 46,090 48 2,079 67 45,087 00 222 00 57,158 00 365 00 2,694,902 00 l,94€-,226 28 2,829,062 26 3,102,982 68 2,820,073 00 2,299,646 00 2,556,561 00 2,321,589 00 21 73 — 7 41 — 19 00 21 00 ___ 73,576 35 46,884 88 40,483 65 40,246 63 58,881 00 27,927 00 104,605 00 78,233 00 902,801 40 295,378 92 883,425 66 497,187 85 1,218,131 00 482,460 00 1,263,212 00 632,431 00 68,086 85 70,056 43 27,718 04 23,367 26 420,890 00 345,197 00 627,951 00 535,706 00 — — 45 74 — 67 00 6 00 3,892 19 / — 2,515 18 235 97 1,937 00 — 2,325 00 1,036 00 26 32 52,520 85 — 2,562 82 — — — — — — •— — ' — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — • • — ' — — — — — — — — — — — ^^ •~ —~ *"" '^— — — 448 ^fthe Revenues of the United Stmc^, Statement exhibiting the amount of Drawback SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. Candles, tallow wax and spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow . Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon eloves pepper pimento Chinese cassia Tobacco, manufactured, other than Snuflf . Indigo . Cotton .- Powder, hair gun Starch . Glue Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails spikes . Quicksilver . Paints, ochre in oil dry yellow ochre Spanish brown . white and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Seines . Steel, unwrought • Hemp Cables . Tarred cordage Untarred do. Untarred yam Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Salt Coal Malt . Fish, dried or smoked pickled salmon mackarel all other Glass, black quart bottles window Cigars . iiime Boots Shoes and slippers, silk all other Cards, wool and cotton playing snufiT, &c 1793. Duties Received. Dolls Cts. 1,100 63 627 99 4,863 02 4,970 46 21,390 57 11,350 18 1,898 26 763 15 76,291 87 80,264 79 Total, Dolls. 42,943 48 752 22 15,324 25 7,166 33 52,182 73 698 35 5,082 98 1,392 16 3,537 75 779 05 Z47,6Z2. 48 6,302 09 239 85 1,432 64 6,284 32 42 42 3,179 00 Drawback Payable. 6,598,445 31 Dolls. Cts. , 1 74 20.20 137 84 77 46 3,736 62 444 49 28 32 13,847 19 1,104 12 1794. 84 44 27 00 180 27 28 63 81 49 293 47 21 38 99 34 OC 18 00 64 86 279,809 83 Duties Reeeired. Dolls. Cts. 2,518 42 152 68 14,849 95 2,496 81 38,735 60 30,032 62 1,890 16 142 21 137,131 43 75,605 44 38,001 74 747 75 19,786 89 7,684 61 95,503 55 2,159 64 11,403 76 631 26 3,253 46 1,381 34 361,127 88 6,401 97 338 82 331 90 5,577 56 51 47 4,289 52 Drawback Payable. 8,588,382 98 Dolls. Cts. 311 28 245 21 63 06 2,086 10 346 41 5,015 85 272 59 148 09 51,644 58 26,700 21 432 87 452 03 87 59 106 26 462 23 574 40 164 67 26 55 100 39 587 22 1,615,574 44 :; r~. ., ■ .u ,TO< „„,. tM. Sf.ti.m..nt must be addfd 8,731 dollars ,TO cuts, received fro.ii the collector In Newbiiryport after the Sta'S^m hS^b^rde at'^rx^'aJu'r^f JLtwZU I'^'-'">" ««-"^ >-- "' '"^ >-'■ '"'• ^■"^'■'" •""'»■' '"«' ™ ""'^ Il'ii' ~trt^A» •tiues of the United ^States. 441 Drawback and Duties, continued. 1795. 17-96. 1797. 1798. Duties Receired, Dolls. Cts. 6,967 69 557 14 19,138 80 15,536 77 22,072 24 48,168 52 4,255 04 5,187 09 221,192 24 146,466 79 48,195 22 810 66 35,109 83 4,226 63 68,130 72 1,142 62 10,211 16 1,915 37 6,029 50 869 81 345,770 35 8,338 59 695 62 478 55 11,667 05 24 50 3,889 45 Drawback Payable. 11,163,370 23 Dolla. Cts. 307 36 87 20 2.668 52 1,436 02 12,239 39 26,894 91 18 59 120,380 87 75,723 09 1,788 14 47 77 33 03 236 29 214 79 637 65 1,208 49 92 57 177 25 84 85 242 81 3 27 3,638 12 2,890,034 40 Daties Received. Dolls. Cts. 5,867 53 500 15 39,114 12 19,247 56 115,500 34 23,471 94 3,947 95 146 42 74,984 56 118,227 42 Drawback Payable. Duties Received. 69,102 46 1,365 70 12,127 92 9,223 07 90,038 04 5,168 98 29,892 60 2,948 07 10,618 09 2,102 54 443,549 57 12,749 10 1,157 91 1,021 59 19,810 95 109 30 19,150 07 12,581,167 12 Dolls, Cts. 2,669 32 344 37 9,844 66 10,063 34 8,718 13 24,042 62 179,534 42 138,254 15 2,362 60 163 14 8,389 70 145 91 1,359 27 457 20 1,884 12 315 46 168 99 3,852 58 24 50 241 03 119 55 1,255 38 3,623 41 4,784,050 12 Dolls. Cts. 2,718 00 253 00 26,020 00 23,438 00 87,543 00 4,685 00 3,375 00 4,518 00 46,064 00 95,814 09 Drawback Payable. Duties Received. 65,336 00 2,250 00 7,250 00 10,140 00 40,455 00 1.911 00 24,495 00 2,995 00 6,430 00 1,453 00 391,134 00 9,702 00 18 00 1,406 00 731 00 19,250 00 10 00 12,874 00 12,247,861 00 Dolls. Cts. 1,696 00 40 00 19,376 00 16,062 00 85,434 00 12,910 00 189 00 22 00 33,028 00 77,489 00 6,370 00 100 00 1,850 00 81 00 91 00 5,911 00 81 00 738 00 31 00 12,436 00 153 00 273 00 419 00 4,864 00 13,577 00 4,308,704 00 Dolls. Cts. 2,646 00 462 00 34,902 00 10,679 00 63,775 00 11,229 00 4,650 00 5,346 00 52,933 00 104,026 00 49,150 00 1,085 00 12,419 00 6,044 00 82,788 00 15,797 00 2,432 00 6,622 00 1,180 00 543,810 00 9,755 00 1,080 00 594 00 12,033 00 2 00 18,215 00 11,394.074 00 Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. 1,397 00 266 00 16,377 00 12,304 00 30,426 00 106 00 2,717 00 5,705 00 45,524 00 92,024 00 6,414 00 157 00 22 00 427 00 981 00 5,443 00 11 00 778 00 10 00 32.242 00 16 00 159 00 359 00 1,991 00 14,775 00 4,701,742 00 It is also to be observed, that in some instances, the amount of Duties received on particular articles, appear less than the Drawbacki paid within the samp n.^,^- .t- ^ — n-om exportations of merchandise imported ui preceding years, ■'"'"•>•" I''w"iun ine same period; this anscs ?i A 442 ■ Of the Revenues of the United Statcz Statement of the amount of 1799. 1800. SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. T 1 1 Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. I Drawback Payable. Payable. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cu. Dolls. Cts. DoIU. Cts. On Merchandise paying a duty of 7^ per cent, ad valorem __ .^ _ — Do. do. 8 do. ^^ « Do. do. 8^ do. _ — - Do. do. 10 do. 1,654,709 00 289,357 00 562,182 00 191,476 00 Do. do. 10| do. — — — — Do. do. 10| do. — — — — Do. do. 11 do. 418,968 00 252,252 00 142,456 00 90.603 00 Do. do. 12J do. 1 912,771 00 206,136 00 2,886,365 00 304,160 00 Do. do. 13, do. — — — — Do. do. 13^ do. 150,676 00 67,861 00 329,947 00 80,692 00 Do. do. 15 do. 723,955 00 69,756 00 1,123,015 00 115,288 00 Do. do. ISA do. 1 — — — — Do. do. 16 do. — — — — Do. do. 16i do. — — — — Do. do. 16J do. 119,986 00 22,491 00 146,221 00 25,750 00 Do. do. 17^ do. — — — — Do. do. 19 I do. — — — — Do. do. 20 do. 40,997 00 6,077 00 59,149 00 4,965 00 Do. do. 21 1 do. — — — — Do. do. 22 do. 11,961 00 3,048 00 13,877 2,654 00 Do. do. 22^ do. | — — — — Do. do. 24 1 do. — — — ~ ""■ Do. do. 27 i- do. — — ^— — Do. do. 324 do. 1 — — —^ "— On "Wines, do. 40 do. 1 65,557 00 47,957 00 49,458 00 57,162 00 Do. do. 42i do. — — — •^ Do. do. 44 TVfaHpiva ... do. 50,919 00 55,614 00 27,993 00 33,519 00 35,949 00 6,826 00 151,846 00 11,817 00 ITJ. U,U.C.ll (3- ■ Burgundy and Champaigne , 391 00 231,388 00 167 00 37,468 00 748 00 75,493 00 108 00 13,062 00 snerry ...-•• ^ St. Lucar claret . . . • Lisbon Oporto TenerifFe and Fayal Malaga all other . • . • Spirits, foreign distilled, from grain Do. do. other domestic do. mola 6,647 00 1,912 00 1,220 00 544 00 38,008 00 35,796 00 890 00 3,648 00 89,904 00 9,810 00 174 00 980 00 55,833 00 61,665 00 9,497 00 24,946 00 86,257 00 68,210 00 11,905 00 19,393 00 69,059 00 47,787 00 241,339 00 132,467 00 materials 151,290 00 2,151,600 00 15,966 00 233,166 00 181,082 00 1,367,210 00 19,552 00 94,464 00 sses 498 00 175 00 203 00 41 194,248 00 172 00 Do. do. dome stic produce . 2 00 167,911 00 1,277 00 446 00 Molasses .... 22,871 00 2,834 00 22,114 00 7,273 00 Beer, ale and porter 412,329 00 2,097 00 367,617 00 109,027 00 Teas, bohea 58,491 00 1,178 00 128,847 00 3,589 00 souchong 92,385 00 15,106 00 214,978 00 43,854 00 hyson 109,847 00 1,881 00 153,353 00 12,730 00 other green 1,932,504 00 1,464,170 00 2,120,368 00 1.773,422 00 Coflfee 31 00 61 00 — Chocolate 124,136 00 102,076 00 120,192 00 93,334 00 Cocoa • • • ■ . Sugar, brown, clayed or otherwise white, clayed, or powdered 1,547,823 00 734,488 00 1,796,428 00 734,801 00 984,661 00 29 00 864,847 00 1,019,863 00 840,951 00 lump 255 00 162 00 1,967 00 310 00 loaf and candy . 115 00 other refined, &c. ._ Almonds 1 — Fruits, currants ~ . ..^ prunes and plumbs __ H— . — figs • • ■ ■ , raisins, in jars and muscade ,1 — — — do. all other • . uj me itevenues of the United States. Drawback and Duties, continued. 443 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804. Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received Drawback Payable. Payable. Payable. Payable. Dolls. CU, Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts 2,339 00 8,444 GO — — — — — _ 3,659 00 10,331 00 z — — z z — 4,738,042 00 822,263 00 3,318,075 GO 513,459 GG 3,399,781 00 243,765 00 1,794,697 00 308,011 GO 688,854 00 231,835 GO 270,171 GO 99,808 00 185,568 GO 24,757 00 64,427 00 29,790 00 1,397,954 00 164,973 GO 1,170,338 GO 67,635 GO 1,104,355 GO 25,005 00 3,374,397 GO 247,857 00 — — — — — — 40 00 — — — — — — — — — 122,720 00 25,443 GO 102,604 GO 8,561 GO 68,634 00 4,216 00 223,422 GO 56,897 00 — — — — — — 678,035 00 27,053 00 — — — — — — 41,151 00 8,284 GO 91,047 GO 7,159 GO 73,125 00 6,010 00 67,857 GO 1,309 GO 32,986 GO 2,850 00 23,232 00 3,942 GO 25,798 GO 2,092 GO 13,126 00 870 GO 4,060 GO 748 00 — — — — — — 49,048 00 1,525 00 — — — — — — 11,083 GO 342 00 —~ ■^ — — — — — 62 00 3,593 GO — 182 GO _— __ . , —~ •"" — — — — — 155,124 00 12,202 00 145,741 00 12,864 00 196,857 GO 19,934 00 238,982 GO 29,952 00 2,167 00 337 GO 2,464 00 586 00 1,868 00 138 GO 862 00 65 00 26,239 00 342 GO 268,573 00 4,829 GO I 131,358 GO :'■ 5,222 GO ■) I 4,153 GO 138 00 — 650 00 f 225,888 GO — — — — — — 61,992 GO 32,027 GO 133,830 00 4,140 00 2,711 GO 77 00 63,906 00 20,515 00 767 GO I 52,619 GO ^ 1,410 GO r 77,921 GO ^ 1,371 GO I 2,030 00 425,287 00 98,885 00 43,206 00 26,289 GO 41,477 GO 107,318 GO 71,835 GO 4,575 GO I 120,849 GO I 1,837 GO 'r 135,692 GO 481,803 00 394,002 GO 175,889 GO 130,639 GO 246,398 00 104,119 GO 729,615 GO 252,697 00 16,357 GO 237,069 GO 18,584 GG 363,802 GO 19,715 00 422,002 GO 85,354 00 2,089,962 00 121,879 00 2,179,805 00 104,068 GO 2,367,804 GO 84,961 00 2,987,528 00 248,572 00 522 00 — ^ — — — 8 00 24 00 64 GO 87 00 _ 299,768 00 15,927 GO 353,431 00 1,706 00 303,584 00 629 GO 328,412 00 1,579 00 15,917 00 3,074 00 15,751 GO 544 GO 14,919 00 201 00 10,039 GO 376 00 187,071 00 68,898 00 221,651 GO 50,047 GO 453,351 GO 216,337 00 58,378 GO 6,753 GO 134,715 00 55,913 00 117,395 00 88,069 00 134,792 GO 90,854 00 293,262 00 124,540 00 186,334 00 96,418 00 110,436 00 60,903 00 96,591 00 13,369 GO 179,433 GO 37,357 00 248,507 GO 78,734 GO 292,488 GO 139,099 GO 245,517 00 85,809 GO 145,611 GO 16,195 00 2,983,447 GO 2,439,944 GO 1,682,439 00 1,284,376 00 948,672 00 499,251 00 3,001,066 00 2,601,646 GO 99 00 5 GO 175 GO 4 00 46 GO — . 42 00 1 GO 173,330 GO 137,132 00 29,526 00 28,096 00 22,664 00 11,755 00 26,511 00 11,213 00 2,623,647 GO 1,346,382 GO 1,821,117 GO 717,353 GO 1,969,256 00 709,499 00 2,990,008 GO 1,586,751 00 1,123,594 00 1,067,532 GO 196,581 GO 252,026 GO 245,587 GO 150,639 00 299,482 00 253,052 00 70 00 — — — — »_ __ 1,292 00 55 GO 1,161 GG 172 00 2,333 GO 525 GO 551 00 430 GO — 55 GO — 47 GO — 13 GO . — — ' — — — — 1,182 GO 113 GO —— ~~ — — — — 251 00 '~~ ^■" ^— — — — 2,005 00 352 00 •— "^ ^"" — — — 148 00 '^~ ~~ ^^ — — — 2,911 00 58 00 ~ ■"*■ 190 00 444 Of the Revenues of the United States SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Statement of the amount of 1799. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. 1800. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Candles, tallow wax and spermaceti Cheese . Soap Tallow . Spices, mace . nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper pimento Chinese cassia Tobacco, manufactured, other than Snuff . Indigo . Cotton . Powder, hair gun Starch . Glue Pewter platea and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails spikes . Quicksilver . Paints, ochre in oil dry yellow ochre Spanish brown . wnite and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Seines . Steel, unwrought Hemp . Gables . Tarred cordage Untarred do. Untarred yam Twine and pack-thi-ead Glauber salts Salt Coal Malt . Fish, dried or smoked pickled salmon mackarel all other Glass, black quart bottles window Cigars . Lime Boots Shoes and slippers, silk all other Cards, wool and cotton playing snuff. &c. Totals, Dolls. DolU. Cta. 2,021 00 660 00 18,685 00 13,302 00 20,106 00 33,030 00 8,855 00 3,274 00 83,965 00 141,514 00 66,314 00 1,493 00 27,478 00 6,801 00 165,785 00 1 00 37,912 00 2,296 00 7,915 00 2,285 00 488,617 00 11,981 00 1,428 00 546 00 11,403 00 10 00 11,134 00 DolU. Cts. 1,020 00 288 00 13,182 00 11,246 00 29,295 00 23,151 00 542 00 1,257 00 68,028 00 113,282 00 11,386 00 137 00 28 00 42 00 500 00 183 00 4,922 00 43 00 469 00 258 00 20,805 00 79 00 562 00 216 00 2,407 00 11,904 00 13,610,814 00 4,905,345 00 Dolls. Cts. 2,544 00 161 00 34,649 00 74,183 00 158,984 00 25,642 00 19,699 00 3,607 00 167,558 00 105,787 00 73,939 00 4,904 00 H 24,972 00 9,077 00 19,535 00 292 00 19,647 00 2,456 00 8,546 00 2,832 00 687,387 00 25,150 00 — 3,460 00 876 00 11,766 00 2 00 19,462 00 15,261,279 00 Dolls. Cts. 1,095 00 17 00 16,565 00 34,636 00 53,642 00 16,827 00 5,314 00 109 00 141,800 00 103,484 OO 14,264 00 89 00 635 00 511 00 1,017 00 1,181 00 9,888 00 25 00 700 00 28 00 5,190 00 181 00 323 00 298 00 1,822 00 8,997 00 5.249,282 00 in U.e rcu™. for ^no, 0.0 a«oun« ..^ no. received «. 0,e Treasury ror^.l«.u.r.e. for M.rblehe.d ... Norfom; m,m Sa,«uub. for the Sd quarter, »a f^m Charleston for the 3d quarter; of course, they are not mcludod in the amount slatea anove. Of the Revenues of the United /states. Drawback and Duties, continued. 145. 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804. Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Payable. Payable. Payable. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 5,596 GO 1,856 00 1,297 00 1,847 00 548 00 117 00 890 00 546 00 273 00 108 00 95 00 — 185 00 75 00 347 00 90 00 50,344 00 43,747 00 28,382 00 21,056 00 9,331 00 4,309 00 16,835 00 7,681 00 38,830 00 45,560 00 8,906 00 11,300 00 3,837 00 2,981 00 27,283 00 15,444 00 — — — — — — 5,935 00 — — — — — — — 896 00 11 00 — — — — — — 4,667 00 112 00 — — — — — , 621 00 — — — — — — — 2,632 00 1,742 00 289,124 00 234,532 00 371,305 00 335,258 00 244,673 00 130,246 00 374,521 00 343,595 00 15,848 00 10,037 00 11,523 00 2,010 00 35,034 00 14,042 Ow 22,727 00 17,942 00 — — — — — — 2,169 00 573 00 ir,947- 00 1,147 00 22,533 00 1,220 00 12,417 00 60 00 4,688 00 202 00 3,048 00 3,986 00 1,050 00 270 00 2,125 00 1,633 00 2,236 00 772 00 129,380 00 73,723 00 78,589 00 91,442 00 37,321 00 3,532 00 76,060 00 39,774 00 129,731 00 108,675 00 101,699 00 93,301 00 98,692 00 85,028 00 83,483 00 81,815 00 — — — — — — 34 00 14 00 — — — — — — 11,891 00 1^29 00 — — — — — — 148 00 6 00 — — — _ 714 00 »— — — — — — — 1,965 00 — — — — — —^ 4,180 00 — ^_ 154 00 73,878 00 12,543 00 69,250 00 6,101 00 74,593 00 3,063 00 83,309 00 6,683 00 2,877 00 , 67 00 3,194 00 213 00 3,485 00 32 00 2,795 00 34 00 — — — __ 136 00 _ — — — — — — 262 00 ~6 00 — — — — — — 1.568 00 104 00 — — — — — — 1,433 00 — — — — — — — 18,109 00 537 00 23,034 00 3,867 00 15,178 00 2,629 00 26,975 00 696 00 38,646 00 777 00 — — — — 163 00 __ 15,489 00 529 00 12,202 00 753 00 7,811 00 48 00 10,198 Oo 81,435 00 — 83,446 00 — 123,217 00 — 81,358 Oo 860 00 49 00 1,783 00 166 00 2,839 00 — 1,182 00 87 00 50,900 00 5,731 00 20,963 00 6,935 00 1 15,248 00 771 10,234 00 4,175 00 3,267 00 — 2,395 00 8 00 2,350 00 — 2,989 00 18 00 7,120 00 265 00 6,663 00 192 00 7,940 00 11 00 11,012 00 333 00 2,995 00 254 00 1,756 00 — 2,388 00 4 00 1,360 00 5 00 686,454 00 13,864 00 792,838 00 6,607 00 721,355 00 4,561 00 686,799 00 5,992 00 31,889 00 227 00 23,388 00 — 21,957 00 298 00 14,063 00 — — — — — 19,855 00 ^^ — — — — — — 5,266 00 _ — — — — — — 4,971 00 — — — — — — — 2,519 00 — — — — — — — 5,681 00 685 00 — — — — — — 15,778 00 224 00 — — — — — — 13,054 00 4 00 — - — — — — — 130 00 5,388 00 383 00 3,663 00 230 00 3,534 00 145 00 2,861 00 313 00 1,022 00 757 00 2,393 00 461 00 996 00 360 00 1,438 00 244 00 13,559 00 839 00 11,150 00 1,048 00 9,067 00 329 00 9,593 00 1,874 00 35 00 — 141 00 — 5 00 — 24 00 5 00 48,939 00 52,623 00 15,039 00 17,155 00 1,620 00 1,347 00 992 00 381 00 20,064,059 00 7,819,093 00 14,766,990 00 4,197,256 00 ',14,227,778 00 1 2,569,813 00 20,186,185 00 6,686,185 00 5 B 446 Of the Revenues of the United State r Statement of the amount of SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. On Merchandise paying a duty of 7-j per cent, ad valorem Do Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. On Wines, Do. Do. 15 16 16i m 20 21| 22 221 24| 27i 32J 40 42i 44 Madeira Burgundy and Champaigne sherry St. Lucar claret . . . • Lisbon Oporto Teneriffe and Fayal Malaga all other Spirits, foreign distilled, from grain do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 8 8i 10 10^ lOf 11 12^ 13A do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do.^ do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Do." do. domestic do. Do. do. Molasses Beer, ale and porter Teas, bohea souchong hyson other green Coffee Chocolate Cocoa ... Sugar, brown, clayed or otherwise white, clayed, or powdered lump loaf and candy other refined, &c, Almonds Fruits, currants prunes and plumbs figs raisins, in jars and muscadel do. all other other materials molasses domestic produce 1805. Duties Received. Dolls. Cta. Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts, 5,792,800 00 338,539 00 1,339,132 00 72,046 00 86,419 00 16,103 00 171,592 00 2,556 00 I 130,339 00 86,086 00 I 90,148 00 I 289,824 00 956,983 00 178,881 00 2,545,499 00 94 00 465,645 00 21,534 00 63,565 00 371,655 00 234,088 00 359,442 00 2,345,853 00 132 00 122,277 00 ■4,152,366 00 1,245,284 00 5,507 00 15 00 3,548 00 '828 00 4,501 00 5,062 00 21,468 00 • 31,210 00 1806. Duties Received. Dolls. Cts. 42,239 00 2,410 00 834,456 00 151,949 00 109,881 00 18,292 00 18 00 8,190 00 1,274 00 48,194 00 732 00 8,696 00 58,745 00 1,396 00 57,078 00 699,368 00 54,425 00 402,661 00 1,200 00 4,544 00 7,889 00 159,849 00 77,565 00 101,673 00 1,992,982 00 1 00 74,968 00 2,550,880 00 924,918 00 5,154 00 603 00 1,062 00 523 00 4,153 00 1,387 00 6,493,372 00 17,858 00 Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. 189,333 00 1,636,240 00 58,721 00 129,797 00 11,480 00 226,271 00 3,701 00 I 135,588 00 51,345 00 I 145,993 00 I 93,089 00 644,712 00 387,429 00 3,056,364 00 430,305 00 17,615 00 49,061 00 508,687 00 293,907 00 549,999 00 3,265,335 00 168 00 1,160,844 00 3,254 00 96,335 00 201,526 00 15,194 00 10,038 00 1,482 00 44,382 00 794 00 9,946 00 38,062 00 3,212 00 98 00 158,521 00 4,204,548 00 1,022,579 00 598 00 63 00 7,902 00 7,581 00 2,277 00 8,476 00 1 17,139 00 37,021 00 70,210 00 574,390 00 28,632 00 312,942 00 1,422 00 2,938 00 757 00 222,424 00 84,412 00 109,208 00 2,259,761 00 .32 00 122,6J3 00 2,30-1,061 00 923,717 00 124 00 1 2,120 00 133 00 904 00 274 00 1,575 00 763 00 uj me nevenues of the United States. Drawback and Duties, continued. 447 1807. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. 1808. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. 1809. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. Doll . Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 6,709,598 00 37 00 98,790 00 1,861,965 00 44,330 00 127,468 00 5,679 00 178,466 00 5,873 00 143,447 00 70,651 00 173,918 00 154,331 00 980,818 .0 344,181 00 2,792,001 00 13 00 415,358 00 17,747 00 190,613 00 396,820 00 429,109 00 610,099 00 2^865,818 00 109 00 185,191 00 4,221,561 00' 1,406,390 00 3,506 00 12,108 00 15,271 00. 8,394 00 1,948 00 2,631 00 10,227 00 23,983 00 1,256,450 00 1,969 00 54,138 00 223,270 00 10,690 00 12,892 00 865 00 34,530 00 904 00 17,568 00 37,359 00 6,921 00 36,020 00 705,390 00 50,936 00 401,357 00 1,225 00 2,517 00 1,499 00 135,689 00 119,834 00 145,651 00 2,150,843 00 21 00 157,033 00 2,691,284 00 1,065,804 00 4 00 3,907 00 1,897 00 472 00 791 00 2,771 00 4,197 00 2,620,742 00 3,579 00 138,789 00 411,172 00 58,782 00 13,610 00 1,650 00 61,275 00 453 00 106,492 00 9,022 00 24,478 00 79,560 00 179,747 00 61,024 00 1,506,455 00 325,899 00 1,356 00 77,065 00' 288,622 00 257,978 00 352,222 00 1,606,385 00 32 00 21,196 00 1,686,962 00" 602,105 00 00 00 00 00' 347 2,456 4,602 691 600 00 1,600 00 11,986 00 14,184 00 71,387 00 580 00 6,442 00 1,225 00 258 00 7,029 00 114 00 150 00 1,168 00 153 00 3,848 00 41,896 00 2,078 00 13,313 00 1,017 00 889 00 726 00 26,661 00 35,647 00 7,707 00 809 00 113 00 13 00 82 00 145 00 3,522,184 00 939,667 00 73,363 00 \ 174,290 00 112 00 137,543 00 795 00 66,733 00 148,153 00 20,763 00 27,944 00 1,390,970 00 80 00 274,928 4,816 15,574 37,054 129,937 150,406 1,936,508 50 29,053 1,285,422 429,580 00 00 00 " 00 00 00 00, 00 00 00" 00 129 00 31 00 4,841 00 1,620 00~ 845 00 3,550 00 26,054 00 39,877 00 506,770 00 78,809 00 1,957 00 10,435 00 17 00 1,846 00 9,071 00 3,879 00 9,850 00 120,217 00 2,066 00 68,918 00 1,941 00 625 00 6,700 00 182,791 00 106,625 00 67,338 00 1,480,297 00 51,366 00 735,144 00 614,456 00 93 00 2,122 00 1,420 00 33 00 715 00 568 00 448 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement af the amount of 1805. 1806. SPECIES OF MEKCHANIHSE. p 1 " ' ' ' Duties Received, 1 Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Payable. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Candles, tallow 3,218 00 1,286 00 8,349 00 4,577 00 wax and spermaceti 252 00 97 00 400 00 20 00 Cheese ...... 32,735 00 26,266 00 55,031 00 35,293 00 Soap 33,025 00 27,504 00 52,765 00 34,630 00 Tallow . 7,737 00 536 00 33,836 00 5,938 00 Spices, mace . nutmegs cinnamon . 14,094 00 1,388 00 16,486 00 19,056 00 14,702 00 1,536 00 9,281 00 8,695 00 4,061 00 1,036 00 1,766 00 3,468 00 cloves 13,368 00 3,593 00 6,169 00 10,558 00 pepper pimento Chinese cas 247,204 00 271,896 00 298,692 00 173,170 00 sia . 5,531 00 15,470 00 4,783 00 11,999 00 23,317 00 11,727 00 3,486 00 4,197 00 Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuff. &c.' 404 00 125 00 831 00 41t) 00 SSni.flf" 1,366 00 686 00 2,981 00 1,087 00 onuii . Indigo . Cotton . Powder, hair . 118,886 00 92,763 00 189,263 00 116,509 00 75,488 00 69,372 00 71,553 00 44,697 00 274 00 27,540 00 28 00 1,286 00 457 00 11,240 00 228 oO 2,922 00 gun . Starch . Glue 292 00 19 00 443 00 5 00 1,507 00 171 00 4,281 00 35 00 Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails . . . • spikes . Quicksilver . . 2,726 00 — 3,12U 00 ~~" 11,171 00 2,019 00 83,516 00 4,736 00 272 00 12,845 00 158 00 8,766 00 3,359 00 84,636 00 4,109 00 597 00 22,552 00 24 00 5,575 00 375 00 61 00 40 00 6,424 00 390 00 3,211 00 56 00 Paints, ochre in oil dry yellow ochre Spanish brown . white and red lead Lead and manufactures of lea 1,831 00 6,842 00 43,530 00 45,607 00 194 00 67 00 11 00 317 00 443 00 1 1,264 00 i 6,198 00 ; 53,853 00 38,276 00 446 00 63 00 709 00 2,499 00 18 00 Seines . . . • 10,274 00 498 00 i 13,468 00 1,171 00 Steel, unwrought . 115,946 00 — \ 117,014 00 — Hemp . . • • 1,256 00 \ 889 00 242 00 Cables .... 17,434 00 1,268 00 : 11,341 00 6,404 00 Tarred cordage Untarred do. 1,601 00 63 00 1,188 00 — Untarred yarn Twine and pack-thread 12,793 00 896 00 366 00 14,729 00 207 00 1,240 00 Glauber salts 765,804 00 2,413 00 1 862,694 00 16,376 00 Salt . . . • Coal . . . • 25,810 00 204 00 15,&57 00 90 00 Malt . . • • Fish, dried or smoked . pickled salmon 77,800 00 7,505 00 6,708 00 E 120,638 00 7,537 00 9,739 00 — mackarel 4,602 00 — 7,108 00 — all other 12.992 00 3,535 OC 15,-133 00 2,873 00 Glass, black quart bottles M- I'^y V V *** ''' ^-' 53,031 00 281 OC ) j 54,009 00 1,191 00 window 34,274 00 885 OC ) 50.661 OC 4,101 00 Cigars . . • • 305 00 — iro OC — Lime . . • • 1,984 0(J 131 01 ) 3,212 OC 328 00 Boots . ■ • _ • 3,805 00 1,420 0{ ) 4,371 OC ) 2,544 00 Shoes and slippers, silk all other 10,260 00 4,742 0( ) 11,484 OC 2 OC ) 3,910 00 Cards, wool and cotton . 3,537 OC _ 2,985 OC ) — playing ....•••• T otal, Dolls. 23,545,114 OC ) 8,955,745 3 26,197,658 0< 1 ) 9,146.875 00 uj me Kevenues of the United States. Drawback and Duties, continued. 449 1807. 1808. 1809. ^ Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. ' Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cls. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 9,391 00 6,136 00 1,025 00 181 00 29 00 2,240 00 415 00 84 00 197 00 — 42 00 134 00 55,544 00 43,435 00 5,065 00 720 00 1,766 00 10,046 00 34,164 00 30,288 00 7,001 00 630 00 1,621 00 7,209 00 24,513 00 1,816 00 4,344 00 , 576 00 5,413 00 5,889 00 4,141 00 1,393 00 — 3,142 00 4,388 00 2,873 00 4,073 00 4,849 00 — 24,199 00 2,018 00 1,797 00 1,492 00 1 00 110 00 349 00 — 9,411 00 10,916 00 5,942 00 — 10,284 00 4,188 00 249,520 00 209,806 00 266,279 00 21,144 00 286,065 00 363,313 00 45,271 00 28,473 00 11,768 00 — 14,532 00 673 00 7,261 00 4,589 00 9,568 00 — 3,618 00 7,453 00 330 00 365 00 125 00 31 00 — 6,797 00 5,017 00 1,181 00 — 199 00 656 00 232.141 00 185,186 00 235,999 00 497 00 24,855 00 117,497 oO 110,465 00 107,388 00 101,647 00 279 00 12,558 00 87,807 00 294 00 19 00 112 00 — 5 00 37 00 9,685 00 1,520 00 4,653 00 — 3,274 00 487 00 576 00 — 1 00 — 43 00 2,812 00 5 00 556 00 2,377 00 2,006 00 — 324 00 852 00 —, 13,046 00 275 00 4,906 00 — 12,414 00 10,641 00 2,153 00 3,978 00 — 3,960 00 1,654 00 85,123 00 22,600 00 4,658 00 1,474 00 29,328 00 8,429 00 2,860 00 9 00 8 00 — 1,819 00 43 00 1,409 00 2,349 00 619 00 — 763 00 125 00 390 00 38 00 24 00 145 00 2,176 00 148 00 702 00 526 00 , , 7,650 00 86 00 2,945 00 12,345 00 165 00 50,617 00 384 00 35,660 00 — 60,445 00 86 00 23,305 00 3,112 00 20,241 00 401 00 11,414 00 1,898 00 361 00 — 7 00 88. 00 .^^ 13,231 00 2,427 00 7,264 00 — 14,839 00 1,954 00 132,389 00 10 00 5,932 00 — , 17,188 00 697 00 1,676 00 229 00 — .^ 338 00 178 00 19,941 00 8,707 00 46 00 215 00 932 00 •3,491 00 1,846 00 — 386 00 316 00 8 5 00 .— — 14,387 00 751 00 4,499 00 _ 3,016 00 54 00 287 00 — — —» 169 00 731,508 00 19,689 00 6,017 00 113 00 43 00 28,874 00 153 00 7,164 00 — 18,410 CO — 88,043 00 10,944 00 __ 4,710 00 ■^~ 7,869 00 — 100 00 1,204 00 7,500 00 — , 737 00 2,639 00 5,470 00 — 373 00 — 1,363 00 12,214 00 2,807 00 1,649 00 73 00 4,700 00 670 00 42,734 00 405 00 7,234 00 109 00 45,854 00 284 00 59,812 00 4,581 00 32,454 00 — 44,956 00 6,224 00 66 00 — 1 00 — 23 00 ~— * 2,096 00 91 00 547 00 441 00 127 00 18,434 00 9,123 00 1,446 00 — 275 00 1,197 00 2,205 00 1,132 00 1,872 00 — 791 00 696 00 1,964 00 485 00 1,045 00 — 388 00 — 26,709,833 00 10,067,191 00 11,158,617 00 249,396 00 11,559,185 00 4,706,608 00 1 5 C 450 Of the Revenues of the United St'^i^". Statement of the amount of 1810 1811. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Duties Keceived. Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Payable. ■% Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CIS. Dolls. Cts. Delia. Cts. On Merchandise paying a duty of 7^ per cent, ad valorem _ _ Do. do 8 do. ^_^ Do. do. 8^ do. , Do. do. 10 do. ..^ Do. do. 10| do. ^^ Do. do. lOi do. ■ , Do. do. 11 do. ^_ Do. do. 12»- do. 1 ^^ , , „ Do. do. 13 J do. _^ __ , Do. do. 13| d 0. — . , , Do. do. 15 do. 6,598,612 00 612,069 00 2,852,535 00 438,666 00 Do. do. 15^ do. « — ...^ Do. do. 16 d 0. __ — —, Do. do. 16i do. __ — Do. do. 161- do. — — _ Do. do. 17^ do. 1,392,219 00 38,975 00 484,048 00 38.030 00 Do. do. 19i do. — — — — Do. do. 20 d 0. . — — — Do. do. 21| c 0. — — — — Do. do. 22 do. — — — — Do. do. Z24: do. 130,506 00 fi,729 00 32,210 00 2,566 00 Do. do. 24| do. — — — Do. do. 27^ do. — — — — Do. do. 321 do. — — — — On Wines, do. 40 do. — — — — Do. do. 42J do. — — — Do. do. 44 do. — — — — Madeira .... . 176,208 00 21,085 00 169,031 00 17,256 CO Burgundy and Champaigne 422 00 — 375 00 — sherry St. Lucar .... , I 31,082 00 I 8,914 00 I 1,808 00 I — claret 2,890 00 537 00 10,869 00 2,306 00 Lisbon Oporto Teneriffe and Fayal " Malaga I 37,435 00 I 651 00 I 37,361 00 I 3,157 00 I 166,856 00 \ 16,516 00 I 194,406 00 I 10,575 00 ail other ....._ 72,181 00 29,120 00 194,020 00 61,464 00 Spirits, foreign distilled, from grain Do. do. other materials 45,099 00 131 00 10,572 00 361 00 1,269,976 00 33,192 00 964,447 00 21,622 00 domestic do. molasses . 10 00 — 30 00 — Do. do. domestic produc :e — — — — Molasses , . . • • • 385,999 00 969 00 427,411 00 926 00 Beer, ale and porter 12,635 00 100 00 3,616 00 174 00 Teas, bohea ^175,924 00 13,485 00 r8,296 00 11,319 00 souchong 449,634 00 43,059 00 124,146 00 31,944 00 hyson other green Coffee .... 417,331 00 102,382 00 115,629 00 29,439 00 518,925 00 70,687 00 376,535 00 17,934 00 i;563,159 00 1,200,337 00 1,457,152 00 550,607 00 Chocolate .... 80 00 — 55 00 — Cocoa 46,088 00 8,110 00 47,967 00 32.442 00 Sugar, brown, clayed or otherwise 1,300,367 00 577,394 00 1.452,539 00 96,228 00 white, clayed, or powdered 522,498 00 437,585 00 492,015 00 424,195 00 lump — — — — loaf and candy . 300 00 — 204 00 — other refined, &c. 2 00 — 79 00 — Almonds .... 1,970 00 707 00 4,989 00 152 00 Fruits, currants 2,087 00 1,456 00 2,087 00 — prunes and plumbs figs .... 545 00 193 00 870 00 — 7,061 00 323 00 5,822 00 634 00 raisins, in jars and muscadel 10,902 00 2,542 00 16,647 00 307 00 do. all other . * 5.636 00 6,814 00 11,954 00 409 00 Of the Reve?iues of the United States. s Drawback and Duties, continued. 451 1812. Duti es Received. DoUs. Ct9. 654,808 00 176,760 00 11,435 00 4,094,997 00 1,416,681 00 46.358 00 113,256 00 936 00 15,325 00 13,128 00 45,583 00 284,235 00 221,146 00 24,704 00 1,510,810 00 173 00 79 00 463,495 00 7,472 00 23,066 00 79,198 00 186,768 00 448.479 00 1,801,952 00 30 00 38,278 00 2,135,297 00 420,780 00 33 00 10,857 00 6,051 00 952 00 5,552 00 10,269 00 7,024 GO Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. 111,958 00 18,966 00 286 00 2,744 00 498 00 3,951 00 1,447 00 1,787 00 8,912 00 9,685 00 3,755 00 2,199 00 54,208 00 13,668 00 7,030 00 668,554 00 7,464 00 173,430 00 243,603 00 1,269 00 193 00 519 00 242 00 1813. Duties Received. Dolls. Cts. 6,306 00 572 00 6 00 1,653,634 00 365,352 00 13,725 00 16,986 00 1,632 00 65,889 00 18,609 00 16,199 00 94,393 00 201,241 00 694 00 649,960 00 15 00 366,452 00 1,902 00 44,039 00 59,137 00 125,715 00 1,251, ,305 00 37 00 9,498 00 1,647,640 00 368,781 Off 366 00 53 00 12,319 00 1,619 00 3,722 00 3,325 00 41,902 Oo 24,744 00 Drawback Payable. Dolls. Ct3. 2,622 00 470 00 10 00 16,456 00 2,215 00 974 00 100 00 599 00 2,954 00 60 00 47,224 00 611 00 18,635 00 96 00 39 00 35 00 44 00 96 00 279,1.31 00 4,470 00 45,859 00 111,720 00 1814. Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Dolls. Cts. 214 00 119 00 1,255,002 00 272,596 00 56,159 00 1,329 00 511 00 93 00 5,819 00 8,578 00 50,351 00 120,094 00 25,085 00 318,136 00 69 00 324,336 00 2,225^ 00 4,199 00 30,058 00 46,465 00 75,920 00 692,255 ~00 33 00 11,642 00 1,000,105 00 139,284 00 353 00 52 00 2,743 00 1,105 00 1,646 00 529 00 9,336 Off 8,414 00 Dolls. Cts. 1,982 00 661 00 1,665 00 15,760 00 821 00 114 00 452 Of the Revenues of the United State Statement of the amount of C T^T^ ^^ ¥ n f^ t'\ Tl T m T^ /^ 1 1 k "^T "TVTf^ VI 1810. 1811. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1 Duties Received. I Drawback Duties Received. Drawback Payable. Payable. Candles, tallow 1,183 423 951 303 wax and spermaceti 73 ' — 492 — Cheese 2,905 290 882 325 Soap 4,169 2,162 15,831 8,748 Tallow 2,345 — 16,532 545 Spices, mace 23,276 5,582 15,849 17,696 nutmegs 48,284 39,361 73,320 43,744 cinnamon . 108 — 8,061 5,437 cloves 24,444 19,432 35,236 26,208 pepper 349,262 279,783 169,834 190,337 pimento . • 22,622 1,912 15,283 809 Chinese cassia . 16,355 8,425 11,535 5,140 Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuff, &c.* 95 — 1,142 — Snuff 756 520 80 — Indigo . . . . • Cotton . . . . • 186,090 185,299 196,614 104,489 10,973 23,807 11,350 5,203 Powder, hair . . . • 1 — "" — gun . Starch 1,178 279 160 — 260 — 140 — Glue . . . • 3,772 465 576 — Pewter plates and dishes 314 — 155 — Iron, anchors and sheet 12,878 — 5,069 — slit and hoop nails 8,691 905 1,764 743 45,160 2,757 5,796 1,393 spikes . Quicksilver . • 2,895 118 88 523 859 11 34 Paints, ochre in oil 162 — ■"" dry yellow ochre Spanish brown . wnite and red lead 664 9,920 475 1,362 224 139 50,754 235 17,268 36 Lead and manufactures of lea d 15,820 532 13,399 "^ Seines .... Steel, unwrought . Hemp . . • • Cables . . • • Tarred cordage Untarred do. 99 15,092 178,760 3,883 4,749 2»,434 1,289 2,125 3,776 1,625 2,632 912 16,918 2,292 3,247 27 30,148 3,088 4 13,112 271 Untarred yam Twine and pack-thread 12,135 265 379 5,554 696 61 Glauber salts Salt .... Coal . . . • Malt . • ,•. • Fish, dried or smoked . 19,907 11 4,031 — 4,862 4 644 — ■ pickled salmon mackarel all other Glass, black quart bottles window Cigars . . • • 4,835 2,872 802 12,912 51,299 41,893 26 358 988 10,285 2,082 119 2,042 13,033 28,114 173 70 4,101 Lime . . . • 829 457 192 Boots . . . _ • Shoes and slippers, silk all other 445 1,724 3 988 86 1,130 858 22 36 148 53 Cards, wool and cotton . playing 488 — Total, Bolls. 16,562,080 3,839,160 10,450,160 2,227,245 Of the Revenues of the United States. Drawback and Duties, continued. 453 1812. 1813. 1814. Duties receWed. Drawback payable. Duties received. Drawback payable. Duties received. Drawback payable. 214 292 1,167 1,194 636 100 87 139 53 ^^ 2,246 45 2,201 491 3,833 .^ 14,308 4,600 1,059 8,314 2,480 142 11,593 — 10,514 — 2,397 3,231 7,642 733 — , 977- 6,900 714 — 387 ^^ 217 3,109 848 648 15 __ 25,909 6,263 6,889 16,908 2 _ 101,465 78,393 65,724 1,529 2,077 _ 9,453 1,148 4,302 — 2,229 — 14,042 3,241 3,379 379 302 ,, 834 — 358 252 , 1, 96 18 86 48 _^ 70,209 32,670 112,426 97 35,558 1,527 67,677 14,469 61,471 g 16,046 8,842 5 259 287 520 18,120 __ 288 1 252 134 239 ^ 3,755 — 3,962 . 2,364 1 354 — 3 19 13,660 — 7,533 — _ 4,912 -^ 10,412 175 3,773 7,961 ^^ 30,284 681 8,272 6,144 2,551 1,986 85 462 52 5,629 — 376 15,343 10 — 51 31 1,071 ■ — 2,689 __ 2 488 — 571 353 47,731 . — 17,053 __ 6,503 20,832 — 1,376 — 1,977 ^^^ 55 — 7 116 __ 14,138 526 11,683 168 13,865 25,889 7,500 — ,^ , 324 960 6,876 514 13,972 5,902 408 1,010 1,655 2,313 — 1,691 — 188 ,^_ ^,048 z 3,953 — 564 — ir —- 92 — 17 ^^ — —— — 75,822 9,886 X — 2,529 — 2,555 — 9,096 3,899 2,430 19,348 364 1,380 — 730 — 2,236 103 — 239 — 2,030 333 — 2,006 4,097 3,656 89 2,463 189 1,044 18,301 — 10,802 9,647 28,678 1,168 16,395 632 7,529 208 682 1,456 58 222 393 226 2,621 1,767 363 1,557 98 2,641 28 1,704 27 3,653 ~ 2 — 92 — 13 ~ 185 "" 2,798 — 14,874,090 1,542,623 7.473,253 580,328 4,720,400 26,082 5 D 454 Of the Revenues of the United States. r . -^ m 'O A T** O Sh X) g •^ tT 73 SS a S ^ o a =1 '^ -HH o -^ ■s o -^ o CO O a) Cl 6 o o !« -^J ZJ Tf 23 05 "^ l^ O -^ tC av >-. 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Tf!OaiTf©l>OGlO'Or-l«:00O'r>C0000I »^!OTt10rtOOTf>--0><350tOTt'0)«00 ^ >0 t~^ O ^, K CO 0^_^ O « c» r- K CO "-^ -<_ « ^_^ c^ o ■3 >OCO-^arwlocvorbCor^Dirr«3bCo?«3'o?k"(5fo'cO ^^ ..^ i^\ cr^ ^"^ ^^ /— s •*■ I ^^s ri—, rt^ iC7C0T-iIO^0^T-'O0!K00G?^iO T-i' G? tt" ■*" ■^" -^f to" bC -"T of ID Co" Cft O tt" co" cf i-< cOHOiOrtTC'^OVOOOOlO.'toOcOK.iOOOOcOO C0O^t0Ki-ik-,lO0^K00i-lt0C0^^00C^OC^»OO _M C0C0w00OQ00^O0SK»-'i-'y300C0r-tOOOGl'^ ■5 00 CO r^tC'qJ'o '-<''*"«3 t "to" loK oToo'oTof O'*'co o a OOtOCOTTO'HtOtOtOClOOTJ'OO'O'OtOlOb-.l^G^ •Ci^'OG^C0-iT-lGIGlG«GlMrtrtT-(rt e a ta CO > C0'-H0^tOT-lO5C0OOtO^CTlC0O^0iOitO^TJ*ntDOC0lOOC500O»-C0C0'-i00i-i0? •3 ofto'cfcocoirr»CuobCodocoefio'o-r)i"oB^Ta<"io'of Q ■^r'*'*t0i-it--l^>0Or-'-'-iO>OTtOC0tOKi-H Tfto^wi^o^ioiiO'tcor-^aj^'HOcoKcnojcoooo.--' ■^" ■*" CO ^f CO «^ •o" to" i-T of "o "o bT -^ CO ■>tOKOOl--tOc0 005rtOOtDTt<>^TrG^h-cOi-<>00 loO'-l'O — 05i-Hi-IO01G^C0C0'-IOf^000DO'OO _w KT-HG?'oocoCfto^tni-^ •3 CnO^^OOO?'T'cO^O?0?t3TlCoOtOoro?GrvCcc'oO^ 2 «0>0-^G!'OOOT)C35tOOCOiOOtOrtOO'VO'OG^ lOK^KOCOcoiO'^GIOKtO'Oi-ii-'^'^K-Tflo r-T of Tf" co" ■*" CO ^ OC0t--lOtO0>k^'*!O'*'*c>'^'05 0>oo of (35 02 CO 10 kT K t-T tC 00" »C 00" 10" CO toa>'^T-ii-io^tC"ii"mcnoocoG!oo'*rtcoG^oo Tf»0o"ooo5'Ti<'roGforo?to»-r>Ccobr'^05to'»Cof S. C0'-l>Ol^t^G0'^00^-^C32^-^_^OOOJ^O>0 0fc0''^"c00fc0T)?'lo'"^Tjrinto'i^tCc0C0K0fto'Gfr-r OtOG?tO'0050cO»^G!l^C:>'-i-^OItOcoG(OlcoOl G?t^cnTf*GlTftOaO'^G1lOO'^b^05COKtOGlb-CO . 00>OCOG?Gl'OGIO5^-Olc0K00G^00"Ob.G!Tft-.CB = io"oo"tooofcrtob-r>vrorco'oooooortCto<:;rTi''T--r^ 2. ■rtl^CO00'*0lOt^a>O500tO00tOt>.00 1nb,C0Cl PiicO'OtOOOGJtOGJtO^-^'io lotOtTi-i tnintOl^tOOiCOOl^^'— •tOOit-(t^TfTj*>-co>o»rsO ScO«'-i050 O — co(OpT>o"oOOt^oo>co'>nto"i-Ccd'io'r-rooi-ror'* ■o?iS«ir>G5>o'^totoco»^T!'co-*tf"coG!toocooo p W KtO l4 ■* '- "„R,='i,°°„Oi^.'".°°.°l'".'^. "i"^"^"^ ofcoTl<'coco■^'o^^'*"^to^Coooo"co'a''oocotoofrH' ■*ioto>^oo050»-'0?cot)'intoKoo20'-io^co-^ KRRRKKooooooojoooocoooooocoooooooooo Of the Revenues of the United States. 455 SECTION III. OF THE INTERNAL REVENUES. 2d. Do. 3d. Do. 4tll. Do. 5th. Do. The internal revenues include aU the monies paid into the Treasury, from domestic sources. We have already treated of the revenues derived from the post-office establishment, and the sales of the public lands. I. Of the Buties laid upon Spirits distilled, and Stills employed within the United States. In 1791,^') the following duties were directed to be paid upon aU Spirits dis- tilled after the 30th of June, whoUy or in part from molasses, sugar or other foreign materials, viz: 1st. For every gallon, more than 10 per cent, below proof,(^) . . . 11 cents. under 5 and not more than 10 per cent, below proof, 12 do. of proof and not more than 5 percent, do. . .13 do. above proof, and not exceeding 20 per cent. . .15 do. more than 20 and not more than 40 per cent. above proof 20 do. 6th. Do. more than 4b per cent, above proof 30 do. Upon spirits distilled in any city, town, or village, from articles the growth or produce of the United States, at the rates following, viz : 1st. For every gallon, more than 10 per cent, below proof, ... 9 cents. 2d. Do. under 5 and not more than 10 per cent. do. . 10 do. 3d. Do. of proof and not more than 5 per cent. do. .11 do. 4th. Do. above proof, but not exceeding 20 per cent. .13 do. 5th. Do. more than 20 and not more than 40 per cent. above proof, 17 do. 6th. Do. more than 40 per cent, above proof, ... 25 do. An annual duty of sixty cents per gallon, was imposed on the capacity of every still, including the head thereof, employed in any other place than a city, town, (1) Act 3d of March, 1791 ; vol. ii. ch. 89. sec. 14. (2) The proof to be according to Dycas's hydrometer. 456 Of the Revenues of the United States. or village, for the distillation of spirits from articles the growth or produce of the United States. Spirits distilled as aforesaid, upon which the duties had been paid, when ex- ported to any foreign country, were entitled to drawback, equal to the amount of the duties, deducting therefrom half a cent per gallon, and adding to the allowance upon spirits distilled, within the United States, from molasses, when so exported, three cents per gallon, as an equivalent for the duty laid upon molasses imported into the United States. In 1792,(^^ after the 30th of June, the following duties were dire9ted to be paid on spirits distilled, and stills employed within the United States, in lieu of those formerly imposed thereon, viz : 1. Upon spirits distilled whoUy or in part from molasses, sugar, or other fo- reign materials. For every gallon of the 1st class of proof 10 cents. Do 2d . do. Do 3d . do. Do 4th . do. Do 5th . do. Do 6th . do. 2. Upon spirits distilled, from materials the growth or produce of the United States, in any city, town, or village, at any distillery at which there were one or more stills, which, singly or together, were of the capacity of four hundred gallons or upwards, the following rates of duty, viz : For every gallon of the 1st class of proof 7 cents. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. When domestic materials were employed, and the still or stills smgly or to- gether, were of a capacity less than four hundred gallons, an annual duty of fifty four cents, was laid upon every gallon of the capacity thereof; or the proprietor of the stills, in lieu of the annual duty, might pay at the rate of seven cents for (3) Aet 8th May, \7dZ; vol. ii, ch. 133. 11 do. 12 do. 14 do. 18 do. 25 do. 2d 1 . 3d . .do .do 1 . 4th . .do ) . 5th . .do 6th . • do 8 do. 9 do. 11 do. 13 do. 18 do. Of the Revenues of the United States. 457 every gallon of spirits distilled, or at the rate of ten cents per gallon, of the capacity of the stills employed, for every month they were made use of A drawback was allowed only when the spkits exported amounted to 100 gallons or upwards. In 1794^*) the drawback on spirits exported was allowed, only when the quan- tity amounted to 150 gallons or upwards. In 1797,(5) the option to pay an annual duty of fifty-four cents upon every gallon of the capacity of certain stills employed, or to pay at the rate of seven cents per gallon of spirits distilled, ^c. as per act of 8th of May, 1792, was dis- continued after the 30th of June, 1797; and other rates of duties were thence- forth to be paid by the proprietors of the stills above referred to, viz : For a license to use each and every of such still during the term of two weeks, six cents per gallon, according to the capacity thereof, including the head. For a license for l month, 10 cents per gallon as aforesaid. Do. . 2 do. 18 do. . . . . do. Do. . 3 do. 24 do. . . . . do. Do. 4 do. 30 do. . . . . do. Do. . 5 do. 36 do. . . . . do. Do. . 6 do. 42 do. . . . . do. In 1802,^^^ the duties imposed upon spirits distilled, and on stills employed within the United States, ceased after the 30th of June, 1802. In 1813,^'') after the 1st of January, 1814, a duty was directed to be paid by every person, who should use any still or other implement in lieu of a still, em- ployed for the purpose of distilling spirituous liquors, within the United States. The duty was laid upon the capacity of the still, including the head thereof, as follows, viz: 1. For stills employed on domestic materials; For a license to use the same during 2 weeks, 9 cents per gallon on the capacity. Do. . .' . . .1 month, 18 do. ... do. Do 2 months, 32 do. Do 3 do. 42 do. Do 4 do. 52 do. Do 6 do. 70 do. Do 1 year, 108 do. do. do. do. do. do. (4) Act 6th of June, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 225. (6) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch, 279, (5) Act 3d March, 1797 ; vol. ii. ch. 359. (7) Act 24th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 553. 5 E 458 Of the Revenues of the United States. Half the above rates were paid on the capacity of such stills, as were employ- ed, wholly, in the distillation of roots. 2. For stills employed on foreign materials; Tor a license to use the same during i month, 25 cts. for each gallon of the capacity. Bo 3 do. 60 do do. Do 6 do. 105 do do. Do 1 year, 135 do do. In all cases where steam was substituted to the immediate application of fire to the materials from which the spirituous liquors were distilled, however the boiler, ^c. employed to generate the steam might be constructed, a duty, double the amount of the rates above enumerated, was laid upon each gallon of the capacity of such boiler, ^c. including the head thereof. The duties aforesaid, were to continue during the war with Great Britain, and for one year thereafter. In 1814,^^) a duty of twenty cents per gallon, upon all spirits distilled within the United States, and the territories thereof, whether from domestic or foreign materials, in stills or boilers, was to be paid, from the 1st of February, 1815, in addition to the duties imposed by the act of the 24th of July, 1813. The duties imposed by the acts of 24th July, 1813, and 2lst December, 1814, were applicable to every still or boiler, employed in the rectification of spuituous liquors, and to the spu-its rectified therein. The owner of one still only, whose capacity did not exceed one hundred gallons, or of one boiler only, whose capacity did not exceed fifty gallons, if em- ployed in distilling spirits from domestic materials, was allowed the option, to comply with the terms and conditions of the present act, and those of the act of the 24th July, 1813, or to pay at the rate of twenty-five cents upon every gallon of spirits distilled. Other licenses, in addition to those granted by the act of the 24th of July, 1813, were authorised to be issued for stills or boilers, on payment of the fol- lowing duties, for every gallon of the capacity thereof, viz : For stills employed, for one week, in distilling spirits from domestic materials, five cents ; and for boilers employed as aforesaid, ten cents. Only one half of these rates of duties was paid for stills or boilers employed whoUy in the distil- lation of roots. After the 30th of June, 1816,^^) the provisions of the act of the 2 1st of (8) Act 2l8t December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 697. (9) Act 19th April, 1816. Of the Revenues of the United States. 459 December, 1814, were suspended, and the following duties were paid in lieu thereof, viz : 1. For licenses to use stills in the distillation of spirits from domestic mate- rials. For 1 week 4^ cents for every gallon of the capacity thereof, including the head. 2 do. 9 do ditto. imonth 18 do ditto. 2 do. 36 do ditto. 3 do. 54 do ditto. 4 do. 72 do ditto. 5 do. 90 do ditto. 6 do. 108 do ditto. lyear216 do ditto. When the stUls were employed wholly in the distillation of roots, one half of the above rates of duties was paid. 2. For licenses to use stUls in the distillation of spirits from foreign materials. For 1 month, 23 cents for every gallon of the capacity thereof, including the head. 2 do. 46 do ditto. 3 do. 68 do ditto. 4 do. 90 do ditto. 6 do. 135 do ditto. 8 do. 180 do ditto. 1 year 270 do ditto. For all boilers, however constructed, where steam was substituted to the im- mediate amplication of fire to the materials from which the spu'ituous liquors were distilled, double the aforesaid rates of duties was paid on every gallon of the capacity, including the head thereof. A drawback of six cents per gallon was allowed on domestic distilled spirits, not below first proof, when exported to any foreign place, other than to the dominions of any foreign state immediately adjoining the United States, adding four cents ta the allowance for every gallon of such spirits so distUled from fo- reign molasses; Provided, the quantity exported was not less than 150 gallons, and that the exportation was made in vessels of thirty tons burthen or upwards. In 1817,('") the duties, laid upon spirits distilled within the United States and the territories thereof, ceased after the 3 1st of December, 1817. (10) Act 23d December, 1817. i60 Of the Revenues of the United States, From the 1st of July, 1791, to the 30th September, 1792, two hundred and nmety stills were employed in the distillation of spirits from foreign materials, the capacity thereof amounted to 204,9421 gallons; two thousand two hundred and eighty-nine stills were employed on domestic materials, the capacity there- of amounted to 174,2491 gallons; fifty-one stills were returned without any notice of their capacity. Besides the above mentioned, there were some stills occasionally employed on foreign and on domestic materials. The aggregate of the stills returned amounted to two thousand six hundred and thirty-eight, and the capacity thereof to 385,834 gallons. The spirits distilled, from foreign materials, during the period above men- tioned, amounted to 4,207,572 galls. And that from domestic materials to 963,992 do. Making an aggregate of 5,171,564 do. The returns aforesaid were incomplete and below the truth. From some states they were made only for a part of the year.^") In 1795 and 1796, there were distilled in cities, towns and villages from fo- reign materials, 2,21 1,1 34| gallons, and from domestic materials, 85,2 14| gal- lons ; in the country 1,009,797^ gallons, making an aggregate of 3,306,146^ gallons; on which the total gross amount of duties was 424,189 dollars 60 ^ cents. An abatement, amounting to 4,641 dollars l| cents, was allowed for leakage, in cities, towns and villages; in the country the abatement amounted to 1,249 dollars 3l| cents. The discount allowed for prompt payment amounted to 114 dollars 27^ cents, and the drawbacks allowed on exportation amounted to 82,820 dollars 53 cents; leaving the whole amount of duty payable, 418,184 dollars 89^ cents. During the year, ending on the 30th of June, 1797, the duties, arising on spirits distilled from foreign materials, and on spirits distilled from domestic materials, in cities, towns and villages, in stills of 400 gallons capacity and up- wards, Dolls. Cts. Amounted to 205,163 64^ During the year ending on the 30th of June, 1798, to . . . . 148,592 08|^ Do 31st of December, 1799, to . . 157,580 95 Do 31st of December, 1801, to . . 178,659 21 During the year ending on the 30th of June, 1797, the duties arising on spi- rits distilled from domestic materials, in places other than cities, towns and vil- (U) Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 1st March, 1793. Of the Revenues of the United States. 161 lages, and in cities, towns and villages, from stUls under 400 gallons capacity, together with the duties arising on the stills, Dolls. Cts. Amounted to 296,960 11^ During the year ending on the 30th of June, 1798, to . . . 371,508 46| Do 31st of December, 1799, to . . 849,071 55| Do 3 1st of December, 1801, to . . 257,070 03 In 1800, 1,290,466^ gallons of spirits, were distilled from foreign mate- rials (*^) and 5 1,625 1 gallons from domestic materials; the gross amount of duties thereon was 142,778 dollars 91^ cents; the discounts allowed for prompt payment, at the rate of two cents for every ten gallons, 93 dollars 11^ cents; the abatement for leakage, at two per cent. 2,846 dollars 65^ cents; leaving a net revenue amounting to 139,839 dollars 14| cents. Gallons. In 1800, the stills liable to a yearly duty of 54 cents,^*^^ amounted to 493,685 399,461| 543,913| 230,642| 154,435^ 76,125 44,026 73,662 of 10 cents, not exceeding 100 gallons of capacity 65 261 i Do. do. for 2 weeks at 6 cents per Do. do. 1 month. at 10 do.(i*) Do. do. 2 do. at 18 do.(i*) Do. do. 3 do. at 24 do.fi*) Do. do. 4 do. at 30 do.(»*) Do. do. 5 do. at 36 do.C'*) Do. do. 6 do. at 42 do.('*) Do. do. for one or morel months a lid a frac Making the aggregate capacity of the stills employed in 1800 2,08l,2l2| and paid an aggregate of duties, amounting to 372,561 dollars 30 cents. In 1801, the Secretary of the Treasury suggested the expediency of amend- ing the acts in virtue of which duties were imposed upon spirits distilled, and stills employed, within the United States. The distillers, who owned the smaller establishments, and paid a duty on the capacity of the stills, complained of an unfavourable and partial operation of the acts, passed on this subject; they de- clared that the owners of the large distilleries were enabled to reduce the actual duty, on the quantity of spirits distilled from grain, to about three cents per gallon; and it was apprehended, from some late improvements, that the duty (12) The spirits distilled from foreign materials are manufactured, principally, in tlie eastern states, where extensive establishments have been erected for that purpose. (13) See Act, 8th of May. 1792; vol. ii. ch. 133. (14) Act 3d March, 1797; vol. ii. ch. 359. 5 F 462 Of the Revenues of the United States. would be reduced to about three-fifths of a ceM per gaUon on the quantity dis- tilled. The process of distillation has been very much accelerated, in consequence of alterations in the form and size of the stills; all the machinery used in this opera- tion has been very much improved, and a better distribution of the workmen has been adopted. The distilleries in Great Britain, in consequence of their im- provement, engaged the attention of Parliament. In Scotland, the duty was laid on the capacity of the stills ; whilst in England, they paid it on the quantity of the product. In 1786, the annual duty in Scotland was 30 shillings sterling per gallon, of the capacity of every still employed ; at the same time, the duty in England was at the rate of 2s. 9^^. per gallon, of the product. (") Large quan- tities of spirits were sent to the London market, from Scotland; the revenue derived from this source was very much diminished, and the English distillers complained of their Scotch competitors. The duty, on the capacity of the stills, was augmented to £ 5 sterling per gallon, and was subsequently raised to ^ 9 sterling; in 1797, it was advanced to ^54 sterling per gallon of the capacity of the stills employed. Notwithstanding these augmentations of the duty, the revenue was diminished; and the Scotch distillers continued to send their sphits to the London market. The Lords of the Treasury appointed Doctor Jeffrey to examine the distilleries in Scotland; from his investigations it appeared, that the improvements made by the distillers had advanced in a greater ratio, than did the augmentation of the duties. The Doctor had seen an improved still, of about fifty-three gallons capacity, " charged and discharged, twenty-one times within the hour;" in consequence of fm'ther im- provements, the same stiU was charged, and run off upward of four hundred and eighty times in twenty-four hours ;(^^) the quahty of the product was not injured by the acceleration, and it was believed, that the operation might be performed in less time. In a letter, dated at Edinburgh, August, 1813, it was stated, that the annual duty, laid on the capacity of the stills, amounted to ^160 sterling per gallon; I have been told, that in 1815, it was raised to ^162 sterling per annum.^^^^ ' (15) The duty laid in Scotland, was calculated for the spirits consumed there, and was supposed to be equal to 9^d. sterling per gallon of the product; when the spirits distilled in Scotland was sent to England, an additional duty of 2s. per gallon was laid on it. (16) When the duty was laid, in 1786, it was upon the calculation that each atill would be run off only once in twenty -four hours. (17) In 1815, the duty in England was ^10 sterling per gallon of the product. For details concerning the Scotch distilleries, see reports made to a committee of the House of Commons, in 1798 and 1799 ; also Tilloch's Philosophical Magazine, vol. vi. p. 70, et seq.; p. 161, et seq. Of the Revenues of the United States. 463 The annual net revenue, derived from spirits distilled, and stills, on the average of seven years, from 1794 to 1801, amounted to 464,675 dollars and 81 cents; the expense of collecting the duties, was computed at about twenty-four and a half per cent, on the gross amount. The following sums have been paid for di-awback of duties on domestic spirits distilled, exported to foreign countiies, viz: ^ ^^^ ^^^ In 1792 136,428 21 1793 89,051 70 1794 42,641 97 1795 49,247 55 1796 117,014 98 1797 69,135 54 1798 42,267 80 1799 56,400 34 1800 80,076 01 1801 37,699 33 1802 91,919 63 1803 24,957 56 1804 710 05 1805 — 1806 63 68 Total, 817,614 35 i, u i I , In 1810, the marshals returned fourteen thousand one hundred and ninety- one distilleries within the United States, and 22,977,167 gallons of spkits dis- tilled during that year, from fruits and grain, besides 2,827,625 gallons distilled fi'om molasses, making an annual product of 25,704,892 gallons, valued at 15,558,040 dollars. In the same year only 133,853 gallons of domestic distilled spirits from grain, and 474,990 gallons from molasses, making an aggregate of 608,843 gallons were exported from the United States, leaving of that distilled during the year, 25,096,049 gallons for consumption. On the average of the ten years, from 1803 to 1812 inclusive, 7,512,415 gallons of foreign distilled spii'its were annually imported into the United States, of which there was annually re- exported on the same average, only 679,322 gallons; it thence appears, that 31,929,142 gallons of spuits remained within the United States in 1810, which, if consumed in the year, was equal to four and one quarter gallons for each ^^^ ^J the Revenues of the United States. inhabitant. In 1796, the annual consumption of spirits in the United States, was estimated at 10,000,000 gallons; of which it was supposed that 3,800,000 gal- Ions was manufactured from gi^ain and fruits.(»») In 1815, the distilleries in the United States were computed to be 15,000. and the capital employed was estimated at 15,000,000 dollars; ten thousand bushels of grain was supposed to be, annually, consumed in these estabhshments. II. Of the Duties laid on Licenses for selling Wines, foreign distilled Spirituous Liquors, and foreign Merchandise by retail. In 1794,(") every person who sold wines, to be sent out of the house, in less quantities at one time than thirty gallons, except in the original cask, case, box or package, was declared to be a retail dealer; and every person who sold fo- reign distilled spirits in the manner aforesaid, in quantities less than twenty gallons, was also declared to be a retail dealer. Every retailer as aforesaid, was directed to procure a license, from the 1st day of October, 1794 ; to such of them as sold wines and foreign distilled spirits, two separate licenses were necessary ; each of which was granted for one year, at the rate of five dollars per annum. A Statement of the Licenses granted to Retailers, from the SOth of September, 1795, to the 31st of December, 1801. Number of Wine Number of Spi- YEARS. licenses. rit licenses. Amount of duty. Dolls. Cts. During the year ending on the 30th of Sept. 1796 ffitto 30thof Sept. 1797 4,177 8,592 63,763 68| 4,333 8,446 63,861 98 ditto ditto 1798 4,005 8,959 64,82.3 33 ditto 31st of Dec. 1799 3,541 9,747 66,434 16 ditto 31st of Dec. 1800 3,450 9,591 65,159 44 ditto ditto 1801 3,556 10,282 69,173 74 The duties aforesaid ceased after the 30th of June, 1802.^^) In 1813,(2') duties were laid on licenses to retail wines, spirituous liquors and foreign merchandise, to commence on the 1st of January, 1814. All persons who sold wines and spirituous liquors in the manner and in the (18) Gallatin's sketch on the Finances of the United States. (19) Act 4th June, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 224. (20) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 279. (21) Act 2d August, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 567. Of the Revenues of the United States. 465 quantities above mentioned, were declared to be retailers; importers only were allowed to seU in smaller quantities in the original package. All persons who sold foreign goods, wares or merchandise, except such of the importers thereof as sold the same in the original case, box or package, were declared to be retailers. The retailers of merchandise, including wines and spirits, m cities, towns or villages, containing within the limits of one square mile, more than 100 families, paid twenty-five doUars per annum, for a license; the retailers of wines alone paid twenty dollars ; and of spirits alone twenty doUars ; of domestic distUled spirits alone fifteen dollars ; and of foreign merchandise, other than wines and spirits, fifteen dollars. The retailers, in any other place than those above enume- rated, paid annually as follows, viz : the retailers of merchandise, including wines and spirits, fifteen doUars ; of wines and spirits, fifteen doUars ; of spirits alone, twelve doUars ; of domestic distUled spirits alone, ten doUars ; of merchandise other than wines and spirits, ten doUars. The duties aforesaid, were to be continued untU the termination of the war with Great Britain, and for one year thereafter. In 1814,^^^^ a duty of fifty per centum was laid, in addition to the rates impo- sed by the act of the 2d of August, 1813, upon licenses granted to retaUers of wines, spirituous liquors and foreign merchandise; to commence on the 1st of February, 1815. In 1816,(23) the additional duty imposed by the act of the 23d of December, 1814, ceased after the 3 1st of December, 1816; fi-om the 1st of January, 1817, the retailers of imported salt alone, whose stock in trade did not exceed one hundred doUars, might retaU the same without a Ucense. In 1817,(2*> the duties aforesaid ceased after the 3 1st day of December. The annual net revenue, arising from licenses granted to the retaUers of wines and spirituous Uquors, on the average of the seven years, from 1794 to 1801, amounted to 63,992 doUars 55 cents; and the expenses of coUection were esti- mated at 2^ per centum. III. Of the Duties laid on Carriages for the conveyance of persons. In 1794,(25) from the 1st of October, 1794, duties were paid on carriages for the conveyance of persons, whether they were kept for the use of the owners or for hire; an entry of the carriages aforesaid, was directed to be made in the (22) Act 23d December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 698. (23) Act 29th April. 1816. (24) Act 23d December, 1817. (25) Act 5th June, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 221. 5 G 466 Of the Revenues of the United States. month of September, in each year. The annual rates of the duties were as fol- lows, viz: for every coach, ten dollars; a chariot, eight , dollars ; a phaeton or coachee, six dollars ; every other four wheel, and every two wheel, top carriage, two dollars ; every other two wheel carriage one doUar. In 1796,(26) the duties above mentioned were repealed, and the following annual rates, to commence on the 1st of September, 1796, were laid in lieu thereof, viz : For every coach, fifteen doUars ; a chariot, pest chariot or post diaise, twelve dollars; a phaeton, coachee or other carriage having pannel work, ^c. in the upper division of the sides, nine doUars ; every four wheel carriage, having fi-amed posts and tops, and hanging on steel springs, six dollars ; every four wheel top carriage, hanging on iron springs or jacks, or wooden springs, and for every curricle, chaise, chair, sulkey, or other two wheel top carriage, and for every two wheel car- riage, hanging upon steel or iron springs, three doUars; for every other two wheel carriage, two dollars; for every four wheel carriage, having framed post* and tops, and resting upon wooden spars, two dollars. For the year ending on the 30th of September, 1796, the following carnages were returned subject to duty, viz: 147 coaches paying a duty of 10 dollars per annum. 764 chariots 8 ditto. 519 phaetons 6 ditto. 758 coachees 6 ditto. 1,429 other four wheel carriages 2 ditto. 7,886 two wheel top caitiages . 2 ditto. 6,919 other two wheel carriages 1 ditto. And in the aggregate paid 40,790 doUars duty. The foUowing Statement shows the number of each description of carriages, subject to duties, entered during the years specified, viz: (26) Act 38th May, 1796; vol. ii. ch. 331. Of the Revenues of the United States. 4d7 o U s So g a ?t CO K 1-1 1-1 "-1 . ro O P 0? ■* 05 b^ CO •ranunn jad BJ«||°I' E '^ SJeds aapooa. uodn SunsaJ pu« '»doi pire sjsod pauiBjj S'uiAisti 'ssSbujbo i«3q* jnoj et o 00 o>«o O K OS O 0> 05 0> 00 00 0< •SJBllop S ys eaS-, 00 OS OS •saBipp 6 IB sooi3Eqj K •* "O 00 e! 00 K CO >0 00 lO >o >o ■* •* •BJBllop 51 }B Basisqa ^soj 00 1-1 OS Tf to to to OS 00 00 •HBiiop 21 IB ejouBqa )SOJ »-- 00 Tf M" © Tf CO CO CO CO •sjEiiop sj He sjoireqa 00 Tf to Tl* ■n< tN O CO to CO to lO to IfS ITS •BjBiiop SI }B saqoBoa to CO OO 00 00 to ifs Gl W O i-H rH rH tH r-t !0 Year ending on tlie 30th of Sept. 1797 1798 31st Dec. 1799 1800 1801 468 Of the Revenues of the United States. The duties above mentioned, ceased after the 30th of June, 1802.(27) In 1813,(28) duties were laid upon all carriages, used for the conveyance of persons, whether kept for use or for hire, or for the conveyance of passengers; the duties commenced on the 1st of January, 1814, at the annual rates following, viz: for every coach, twenty dollars; a chariot or post chaise, seventeen dollars; a phaeton or coachee with pannel work, ten dollars ; a four wheel carriage, hanging upon steel or iron springs, seven dollars; the same upon wooden springs, four dollars; a two wheel carriage upon steel or iron springs, four dol- lars, and every other four or two wheel carriage, two dollars. In 1814,(29) duties were laid on carriages and on the harness used therefor, according to the value thereof, and commenced on the 1st of January, 1815. The duties were paid annually on all carriages kept for use, except such as were exclusively employed in husbandry, and for the transportation of goods, at the rates following, viz : If the value thereof did not exceed 50 doUs . . 1 doUar If above 50 dollars and not exceeding 100 . . 2 dollars 100 do. . 200 . . 4 do. 200 . . do. . 300 . . . 7 do. 300 . . do. . 400 . . 11 do. 400 . do. . 500 . . . 16 do. 5oa . do. . 600 . . . 22 do. 600 . do. . 800 . , . 30 do. 800 . . do. . 1000 . . . 40 do. If above 1000 . . . 50 do. The provisions of all former acts were repealed, except as they were con- formable to that now passed. The duties laid on carriages ceased on the 3 1st of December, 181 7(^) The annual net revenue, arising from carriages, on the average of the seven years, from 1794 to 1801, amounted to 65,731 dollars and 4 cents; the expen- ses of collection were estimated at 5 per centum. According to the returns of the marshals in 1810, two thousand four hundred and thirteen carriages were made, during that year, in the state of Virginia and in a part of the state of Massachusetts; the number manufactured in the other states was not specified. The carriages made in 1810, in seven of the states, were valued at 1,449,849 dollars. (27) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 279. (29) Act 15th December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 694. (28) Act 24th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 552. (30) Act 23d December, 1817. Of the Revenues of the United States. 469 IV. Of the duties laid upon Snuff manufactured, and on Snuff Mills employed within the United States. In 1794^3') a duty of eight cents per pound was laid upon all snuff manufac- tured for sale; and commenced on the 1st of October, 1794. A drawback equal to the duty paid, was allowed on aU such snuflf exported to a foreign country ; provided the quantity exported was not less than twelve doUars in value. In 1795,(^2) the duties aforesaid were repealed, and in lieu thereof an annual duty was laid upon all mUls employed in the manufacture of snuff, to commence on the 1st of April, 1795, at the rates following, viz: upon every mortar con- tained in any mill worked by water, and for every pair of stones employed in the manufacture of snuff, five hundred and sixty doUars; upon every pestle in any mill other than mills worked by hand, one hundred and forty dollars ; upon every pestle in any mill worked by hand, one hundred and twelve dollars ; and upon every miU in which snuff was manufactured by stampers and grinders, two thousand two hundred and forty dollars. A drawback of six cents per pound was allowed upon snuff exported, pro- vided the quantity exported, at any one time by the same person, amounted to three hundred pounds. In 1796,(33) the provisions of the act of the 3d of March, 1795, were suspend- ed until the end of the next session of Congress. In 1797,^34) the provisions aforesaid were again suspended, untU the end of the first session of the 6th Congress, and in i 800,(^5) they were repealed. It was very soon discovered that the revenue to be derived from the duties on snufF, ^c. was of a very doubtfiil character ; many frauds were practised, and much more was paid for drawback than had been received for the duties. In 1795, the apparent gross amount of the duties was 20,000 dollars, and the draw- back allowed amounted to 25,000 dollars. In 1810, the marshals returned eighty-two snuff mUls for six of the states; and 5,329,670 pounds of tobacco and snuff manufactured in five of the states. V. Of the Duties laid on Sugar refined within the United States. In 1794,(36) a duty of two cents per pound was paid on all sugar refined witli- (31) Act 7th June, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 227. ^32) Act 3d March, 1795; vol. ii. eh. 284. (33) Act 1st June. 1796; vol. ii. ch. 347. (34) Acts 3d March, 1797; vol. ii, ch. 366: and 16th July. 1798; vol. iii. ch. 97. (35) Act 34th April, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 190. (36) Act 7th June, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 227. 5 H 470 Of the Revenues of the United States. in the United States, and commenced on the 1st of October, 1794. A drawback equal to the duty paid, was allowed on all such refined sugar exported to a foreign place, provided the value thereof amounted to twelve dollars ; three cents per pound were added to the drawback allowed, on account of the duties paid upon the importation of the raw sugar. YEARS. Quantities of su- gar removed or sent out of the refineiies. Gross amount of duties. Discount allow- ed for prompt payment at 6 per centum. Amount of duty payable. Year ending on the 30th Sept. 1796 1797 1798 31st Dec. 1799 1800 1801 Pounds. 3,242,215^ 2,993,257 2,764,482f 2,821,844 3,349,896 3,934,347 Dolls. Cts. 64,844 33 59,765 61 55,289 51i 56,436 791 66,997 86| 78,687 14 Dolls. Cts. 1,092 5 843 66| 638 63 1,164 36^ 1,756 98| 2,147 49 Dolls. Cts. 63,752 80 58,921 39| 54,650 88i 55,272 44 65,240 88 76.539 65 The duties aforesaid ceased after the 30th of June, 1802.^^^^ In 1813,(^*> a duty of four cents per pound was to be paid upon all sugar refined after the 1st of January, 1814; a drawback equal to the duty paid, was allowed on the exportation of such sugars to a foreign place, provided the value thereof was not less than twelve dollars. The duties aforesaid were to be continued during the war with Great Britain and one year thereafter. In 1816,(^^) the provisions of the act of the 24th of July, 1818, were conti- nued without limitation ; and to the drawback allowed, four cents(*°) were added upon every pound of sugar refined fi-om sugar of foreign growth, when exported to a foreign country, in quantities of not less than twelve dollars value. In 1810, the marshals returned thirty-three sugar refineries, and the sugar refined was stated at 7,867,211 pounds, and valued at 1,415,724 dollai-s. In I8l7,f*^) the duties laid on sugar refined, ceased after the 31st of December. The net annual duty, arising on refined sugar, on the average of the seven years, from 1794 to 1801, amounted to 58,337 dollars and 37 cents, and the expenses of collection were estimated at 5 per centum. (37) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 279. (39) Act Ist February, 1816. (41) Act 23d December, 1817. (38) Act 24th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 549. (40) Act 30th April, 1816. 47 i Of the Revenues of the United States. The following sums have been paid for drawback, on refined sugar export- ed, viz: Dolls. In 1795 4,329 1796 21,098 1797 12,796 1798 3,279 1799 4,984 1800 5,783 1801 9.432 1802 16,729 1803 6,828 1804 441 1805 — 1806 181 Cts. 12 36 13 80 42 86 58 28 48 50 69 VI. Of the Duties laid upon Sales by way of Auction. In 1794,(*2> a duty of one quarter per cent, of the purchase money, was laid upon sales at auction of any interest in any lands or hereditaments ; of any uten- sils in husbandry and farming stock, and of ships or vessels ; and a duty of one half per cent, of the purchase money on the sales of all other goods, rights and credits whatsoever, not specially excepted; the duties commenced on the 1st of October, 1794. Ji Statement of the Duties arising from Sales by way of Auction, during the years specified, viz: Amount of pur- Amount of pur- chase money pay- chase money pay- Gross amount Auctioneers' Amount of du- YEARS. ing one quarter per cent. duty. ing one half per cent. duty. of the duties. Commissions at 1 per cent. ties payable. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Year ending on the 30th Sept. 1796 1,652,705 62 7,893,094 26 43,597 12,; 434 21i 43,169 49i 1797 830,186 87 7,259,997 53 38,377 93i 381 823 37,996 10 1798 753,017 75| 5,782,162 77^ 30,820 29^ 305 92A 30,514 50 31st Dec. 1799 1,253,498 78 8^672,919 97 46,608 41| 472 85^ 46,135 55 1800 1,234,221 15 9,817,024 07 52,170 47- 520 06 51,650 41^ 1801 1,845.380 74 12,435,097 31 66,788 41 665 53 66,122 84 The duties aforesaid ceased after the 30th of June, 1802/*^^ (42) Act 9th June, 1794; vol, ii. ch. 241. (43) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 279. m* 472 Of the Revenues of the United States. In 1813,(**) a duty was laid upon all sales by way of auction, after the 1st of January, 1814, at the rates following, viz: 1 dollar for every 100 dollars of the purchase money on the sale of goods, wares and merchandise ; and 25 cents upon every 100 dollars of the purchase money on the sale of ships or vessels. In 1814,(*^) one hundred per centum, in addition to the duties imposed by the act of the 24th of July, 1813, was laid upon sales by way of auction, to commence on the 1st of February, 1815. The duties aforesaid ceased after the 3ist of December, 1817.^*®) The net annual revenue derived from sales by way of auction, on the average of the seven years, from 1794 to 1801, amounted to 43,982 dollars and 69 cents. VII. Of the Duties laid on stamped Vellum, Parchment and Paper. The duties imposed on stamped vellum, parchment and paper, conmienced on the 1st of July, 1798,^*'') and were to continue until the 4th of March, 1803, at the rates following, viz: Dolls. Cta. For a certificate of naturalization 5 00 For a license or other certificate, for the admission of counsellors, attomies, ^c. in any court of the United States 10 00 For a grant on letters patent, except for lands granted for nuUtary services 4 00 For any exemplification or copy of the aforesaid grants or letters patent 2 00 For a charter party, bottomry or respondentia bond .4 .... i 00 For a receipt or discharge, on account of any legacy left by wiU, or for any share of a personal estate, divided by force of any statute of distribu- tions, the amount whereof was above 50 doUars, and not exceeding 100 doUars 25 If above 100 doUars and not exceeding 500 dollars 50 For every further sum of 500 dollars, one dollar additional. For a policy of insurance of vessels or goods, going from one district to another in the United States 25 For a policy for vessels or goods going from the United States, to any foreign place, when the sum insured did not exceed 500 doUars . o 25 When exceeding 500 doUars l 00 For an exempUfication, that passed the seal of any court 50 (44) Act 24th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 554. (45) Act 23d December, 1814. (46) Act 23d December, 1817. (47) Act 6th July, 1797; vol. iii. ch. 2. Act 15th December, 1797; vol. iii. ch. 18. Of the Revenues of the United States. 473 Dolls. Cts. For a bond, bill, single or penal, foreign or inland bill of exchange, pro- missory or other note for the security of money, if of 20 dollars and not exceeding 100 dollars 10 If of 100 doUars and not exceeding 500 dollars 25 500 do. do. 1000 do 50 Above 1000 dollars 75 When the bonds or notes aforesaid, were made payable within sixty days, they were subject only to two-fifths of the rates of the duties above specified. On the Motes of Banks, the following rates of duties were laid, viz: On all notes not exceeding 50 doUars, three-fifths of a cent for every dollar. Dolls. Cts. Do. above 50 and not exceeding 100 dollare 50 Do. 100 do. 500 do 1 00 Do. 500 2 00 For a protest, or other notarial act 25 For a letter of attorney , 25 For a debenture for drawback for less than 500 dollars 1 00 Do. for 500 dollars and not exceeding 2000 dollars 2 00 Do. for more than 2000 3 00 For a bill of lading for merchandise to be exported, if from one district to another district in the United States Oio If exported to any foreign place 025 For an inventory of furniture required by law 50 For a certificate of a share in an insurance company, or of a share in the Bank of the United States, or of any state or other bank, if above 20 dollars and not exceeding 100 dollars 10 If above 100 doUars 25 If under 20 dollars, at the rate of 10 cents for every 100 doUars. The Secretary of the Treasury was authorised to agree with the banks for one per centum, on the annual dividends, in lieu of stamp duty. In 1799,(*'^ the duties, imposed on biUs of exchange, biUs of lading, ^c. by the act of 6th July, 1797, were repealed, and the rates foUowing were paid in Ueu thereof, after the 31st of March, 1799, viz: Dolls. Cts. For every foreign bill of exchange, draft or order, for the payment of money in any foreign country 020 (48) Act 28th February, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 123. 5 I 474 Of the Revenues of the United States. Dolls. Cts. For a bill of lading, or receipt for merchandise to be exported from one district to another district in the United States, not being in the same state 04 If to be exported to any foreign place 10 For a policy of insurance, when the sum for which insurance was made did not exceed 500 dollars 25 If above 500 dollars l 00 The above rates of duties were paid upon every bill of exchange or bill of lading, without respect to the number contained in a set. Statement of the duties on Stamps, during the years specified, vix: SALES. Commatation YEARS. Discount allow- ed on purcha- ofl percent received on Fines and Penalties. Net revenue. Gross amount. ses of 10 dol- lars and up- wards. Net amount. Bank divi- dends. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. DolU. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Year ending on the 30th June, 1799 255,901 72 12,700 84i 243,200 87| 16,189 18 1,090 00 260,449 45| 31st Dec. 1799 235,075 03 11,409 72'r 223,665 30i 16,189 18 1,280 00 241,123 48^ 1800 212,692 17i 10,821 604 201,870 56^ 18,198 16 1,280 00 221,339 22^ 1801 259,566 00 14,036 44 245,528 53 21,475 32 1,037 76 268,041 -61 The net annual revenue arising from Stamps on the average of the four years, from 1798 to 1801, amounted to 250,921 dollars and 28 cents. The duties aforesaid ceased after the 30th of June, 1802.(*9) In 1813^'°) a duty, to commence on the 1st of January, 1814, was laid on all promissory notes issued by banks, bankers or companies, who issue and discount notes, bonds or obligations, according to the following scale, viz : Dolls. Cts. On a note not exceeding l dollar i If above l dollar and not exceeding 2 dollars . . . . o 2 2 do. 3 do 3 3 do. 5 do 5 5 do. 10 do 10 10 do. 20 do 20 20 do. 50 do 50 (49) Act 6th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 279. (50) Act 2d August. 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 581. Of the Revenues of the United States. 475 Dolls. Cte. If above 50 dollars and not exceeding 100 do i 00 100 do. 500 do 5 00 500 do. 1000 do 10 00 If above 1000 50 00 On any bond, obligation, or promissory note, not issued by any bank, banker or company, discounted by any of them, and on any foreign or inland biU of exchange, above fifty doUars, and having one or more endorsers, according to the following scale, viz: Dolls. Cts. If not exceeding 100 dollars 5 If above lOO and not exceeding 200 dollars 10 200 do. 500 do 25 500 do. 1000 do 50 1000 do. 1500 do 75 1500 do. 2000 do 1 00 2000 do. 3000 do 1 50 3000 do. 4000 do 2 00 4000 do. 5000 do 2 50 5000 do. 7000 do 3 50 7000 do. 8000 do 4 50 If above 8000 5 00 The above duties were paid only on the original set of biUs of exchange. The Secretary of the Treasury was authorised to agree with banks or com- panies for an annual composition, in Ueu of the stamp duty, at the rate of one^ and an half per centum of their annual dividends. The duties aforesaid were to continue during the war with Great Britain and one year thereafter. In 1816,(^1) the provisions of the act of the 2d of August, 1813, were continu- ed without limitation, and they were repealed on the 3 1st of December, 1817. ^'^^ The faith of the United States tvas pledged, that the revenues arising under the following acts, viz: of the 21st of December, 1814, laying duties on spirits distilled, and on stills employed within the United States ; of the 23d of De- cember, 1814, laying duties on sales at auction, and on licenses to retail wines, spirituous liquors and foreign merchandise; and of the 15th of December, 1814, laying duties on carriages for the conveyance of persons, should be applied to the payment of the expenses of the government; the ptmctual payment of the (51) Act Ist February, 1816. (52) Act 23d December, 1817. 476 Of the Revenues of the United States. public debt, principal and interest ; and to the creating an adequate sinking fund, gradually to reduce and eventually to extinguish the public debt; that the duties should be levied and collected during the war between the United States and Great Britain, and until the purposes aforesaid should be completely accom- plished ; and in case they should be withdrawn, that other adequate revenues should be substituted. The following statements concern the internal duties imposed prior to 1800.(53) The aggregate amount of all the Internal Revenues, during each revenue year, was as follows, viz: Dolls. Cts. i|n 1792 399,232 99 1793 438,089 99 1794 341,165 76 1795 523,784 54 1796 635,973 70 1797 737,894 61 1798 744,379 33 The duties which accrued after the end of the revenue year 1798, until the close of the calendar year, including the stamp duties, amounted to 487,862 67 Dolls. 4,308,383 59 The Revenues aforesaid accrued in the following districts, viz.- Dolls. cts. New-Hampshire 34,453 50^ Massachusetts 1,222,934 68 Rhode Island 299,815 Connecticut 129,862 90| 89# Vermont li,170 29^ New-York 348,279 03 New-Jersey 102,146 72 Pennsylvania 717,383 2la Delaware 30,315 54^ Carried forward, 2,896,361 79^ (53) See a Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, concerning the Internal Reyenufes, dated 4th Fe- bruary, 1800. Of the Revenues of the United States. 477 Dolls. Cts. Brought forward, 2,896,361 79 J Maryland 363,772 54| Virginia 671,435 78^ North CaroUna 143,727 65^ South Carolina 142,506 05 Georgia 25,929 94j Ohio 38,733 01 Tennessee 25,916 81 Dolls. 4,308,383 59 The said Revenues accrued upon the following objects, viZ: Dolls. Cts. On domestic distUled spu-its, and on stiUs .... 3,201,150 58 Carriages 296,836 20 Sales at auction 158,026 09 Licenses granted to retailers 286,286 95 Sugar refined 237,287 95 Stamps 128,795 82 DoUs. 4,308,383 59^ The following sums were received by the Treasurer, on account of the Internal Revenues, before 1799. Dolls. Cts. In 1792 208,942 81 1793 337,705 70 1794 274,089 62 1795 337,755 36 1796 475,289 60 1797 575,491 45 1798 644,357 95 Total, 2,853,632 49 5 K 478 Of the Revenues of the United States. The sums above mentioned were received frojn the following districts, viz: Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 16,021 60 Massachusetts 985,601 66 Rhode Island 247,128 98 Connecticut 98,682 77 Vermont 2,799 73 New-York 276,665 53 New-Jersey 52,142 61 Pennsylvania 392,046 69 Delaware 17,066 15 Maryland 226,660 25 Virginia 401,250 46 North Carolina 55,116 40 South Carolina 75,887 99 Georgia 1,500 00 Ohio 3,176 00 Tennessee * . . . . 6,885 67 Dolls. (=*)2,853,632 49 VIII. Of the Luties laid on Goods, Wares, and Merchandise manufactured within the United States. In 181 5,(") the following rates were imposed on the articles enumerated, to commence on the I5th of April, 1815, viz: Upon pig iron, one dollar per ton ; upon castings of iron, one dollar and fifty cents per ton ; upon bar iron, one dollar per ton ; and upon rolled and slit iron, one dollar per ton. Upon nails, brads and sprigs, other than those usually denominated wrought, one cent per pound. Upon candles of white wax, or in part of white and other wax, five cents per pound. Upon mould candles of tallow, or of wax other than white, or in part of each, three cents per pound. (54) On the 1st of January, 1816, the balances due from the officers of the internal revenues in pursu- ance of acts passed prior to 1800, agreeably to the accounts settled at the Treasury, amounted to 252,613 dollars and 60 cents. (55) Act 18th January, 1815, vol. iv. ch. 704. Of the Revenues of the United States. 479 Upon hats and caps, in whole or in part of leather, wool, or fiirs; bonnets, in whole or in part of wool or fur, if above two dollars in value, eight per cent. ad valorem. Upon hats of chip or wood, covered with silk or other materials, or not co- vered, if above two dollars in value, eight per cent, ad valorem. Upon umbrellas and parasols, if above the value of two dollai-s, eight per cent, ad valorem. Upon paper, three per cent, ad valorem. Upon playing and visiting cards, fifty per cent, ad valorem. Upon saddles and bridles, six per cent, ad valorem. Upon boots and bootees, exceeding five dollars per pair in value, five per cent, ad valorem. Upon beer, ale and porter, six per cent, ad valorem. Upon tobacco manufactured, cigars and snufF, twenty per cent, ad valorem. Upon leather, including therein all hides and skins, whether tanned, tawed, dressed, or otherwise made, on the original manufacture thereof, five per cent, ad valorem. The duties aforesaid were only laid on articles manufactured for sale, and they were paid by the manufacturer. The value of the merchandise was regu- lated by the average of the market wholesale sales of the Uke goods, as far as regarded a manufacturer who sold exclusively by wholesale; and so far as re- garded a manufacturer selling by retail, by the market sales by retail. The duties were pledged in the manner heretofore stated of other internal duties. In 1816,^'*) the duties aforesaid were repealed. IX. Of the Duties laid on Household Furniture, and on Gold and Silver Watches. In 1815,('^) a duty was laid on all furniture kept for use. All persons, whose furniture did not exceed two hundred dollars m value, after deducting beds, bedding, kitchen furniture, family pictures, and articles made in the family from domestic materials, were exempted from the payment of the duties ; the duties were paid annually, and they were laid according to the following scale, viz : (56) Act 22d February, 1816. (57) Act 18th January, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 705. 480 Of the Revenues of the United States. If the furniture as aforesaid, did not exceed 400 dollars in value, i 00 If above 400 dollars and not exceeding 600 dollars. 600 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 6,000 9,000 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 1 50 3 00 6 00 10 00 17 00 28 00 45 00 75 00 100 00 An annual duty of two dollars was paid by the owner, on every gold watch kept for use ; and of one doUar on every silver watch kept for use. The revenues aforesaid, were pledged as heretofore stated. In 1816,)**) the duties above mentioned were repealed. X. Of the J)uties laid on 6old, Silver and Plated Ware, and on Jewellery and Pastework, manufactured within the United States and the Terntories thereof. In 1815,C*5) a duty was laid upon the articles abovfe enumerated, to commence after the 18th of April, 1815, at the rate of six per centun\ad valorem; to be paid by the manufacturer thereof. Time pieces were exempted from the payment of a duty. The revenues aris- ing under this act were pledged, as heretofore mentioned of other internaf revenues. In 1816,^^") the duties aforesaid were repealed. (58) Act 9th April, 1816. (59) Act 2nh February, 1815, vol. iv. ch. 743. (60) Act 22d February, 1816. Of the Revenues of the United States. 481 GENERAL VIEW OF THE INTERNAL DUTIES FOR 1816. Accruing Duties, viz : Dolls. Cts. On licenses for stills and boilers employed on domes- tic materials 824,443 77 Do. on foreign materials 123,990 54 948,434 31 On spirits distilled from domestic materials, at 20 cents per gallon 732,644 40 Do. at 25 cents per gallon 262,649 87 Do. from foreign materials, at 20 cents per gallon 59,035 21 1,054,329 58 On carriages 130,476 62 On licenses to retailers 812,647 17 On sales at auction 729,109 00 On refined sugar 141,334 94 On stamps, viz: On stamped paper and bank notes .... 362,537 37 By compounding banks 99,448 32 461,985 69 On various goods, wares and merchandise manufactured in the United States 196,301 59 On household furniture, and gold and silver watches .... 128,655 75 Interest and additions received on duties not punctually paid . 33,446 38 Moiety of fines, penalties and forfeitures 9,748 36 4,646,469 29 Deduct amount of duties refimded or remitted . . 12,669 95 Total accruing duties . . 4,633,799 34 5 L 482 Of the Revenues of the United States. Dolls. Cts, Brought forward, 4,633,799 34 Add balances due on December 31st, 1815, viz: In bonds uncollected 848 404 05 In duties not bonded 1,485,126 73 2,333,530 78 Total of accruing duties in 1816, and of duties outstanding on December 3lst, 1815, 6,967,330 12 Amount of duties received by the collectors 5314561 38 Amount of payments to the treasurer 5,027,671 56 Expenses of collection, consisting of Contingent expenses 16,805 63 Measuring stills 95365 Commission 217,712 70 Extra allowances by the President (see Note 2) . 1 1,766 44 Allowances under 2d section of the act of 3d March, 1815 6,202 00 Being four and eight-tenths per centum on the amount paid into the treasury 253,440 42 Balances on the 3 1st December, 1816, viz: In bonds uncollected 1,142,360 89 In duties not bonded 319,984 41 In cash and treasury notes 479,954 18 1,942,299 48 NOTES. 1. There remain to be received partial returns from the districts, by which, when received, this state- ment will be in a small degree varied. As, moreover, it is formed from the accounts of tlie collectors as transmitted to this office, unconnected by the revision of the accounting officers of the Treasury, the seve- ral items of which it consists will not precisely balance or correspond with the results of the accounts as finally settled. 2. The whole sum allowed by the President for the collection of the direct tax and the internal duties for the year 1816, amounts to 20,110 dollars. There having been received from the direct tax 3,768,545 dollars and 2 cents, and from the duties 5,314,561 dollars and 38 cents; in the foregoing general view a proportionate part of the whole allowance is charged to the duties, viz: 11,766 dollars and 44 cents, the residue being properly chargeable to the collection of the direct tax. As the whole of these allowances were made after the close of the year 1816, and after the accounts of the collectors were rendered, they were satisfied out of the duties accruing in 1817, to which, on the books of the Treasury, they will appear to be charged. A like apportionment has been made of the allowances provided by the second section ol the act of 3d of March, 181.5, in cases where the annual commissions of a collector do not exceed 1,000 dollars. Revenue Office, JSTovember Z6th, 181Z. Of the Revenues of the United States. 483 « d- K CO CO ■13 i ill ill 1 1^ 1 1 1|§I 1 13 » t-l 12- 1 Ifl 1—1 10 CO 1-1 00 tj g £ i OK O) -H «D CO CT ■* <0 K 00 ClOO 100 10? 1 |«OKK 1 00 Id' to 00 1 Tt -l-» CO CO to .ess 1 ^ g O.M .2 WooctIo O^-^O) tH 1 05 »^ S S "o O) K rH 05 CO >o oi to e fe*^ u *M a 00" ■*" of i-T (J> S-5 =5 OJ flj ^^ — ^ (=.£ 8 tH « (ft 1 1 ■s •§* » H^-K-lMrtprtld -In "Io) -1^. -In s Oc'JOk-.OicfS-HOOOitOT-iO 0> N 113^1. u OiOOOKiOiOi-iCTaiCTtOO to a> to CO 00 « £W S = a Tfo , « >o 1—1 ••vTS " - = = CO ■*00«3tO«000)CO!JDi-HTroO OTtoooKco-o 00 ■* 00 Tf — en CO 10 CO 05 to KKT-HO^O^OomcNCTiOOO 1— ( 1— ( 1— 1 00 ■ " '-o S e!cfi05TfoooS »• tOi-HG^.-iOOlONtDO>lOO-^ 00 CO — H -73 CT010(000«^>Oi-iCOOi-hO) 1—1 to to t^ 00 CO C5:^ 00 -^^^ « ^ r-. K G^ '0_ CT G^tNrttOrHOGqtDrHTfcO CO K to T— 1—1 to_^ 00 1^ S3 1^ >-.^-= »-l rH >o >o |l|s .S s-^^^- -2 h-OOOOOOOOOOO 000 »^ b. 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M? 01 CO to w to 1-1 CO CO 10 CO „ tj 05 1 S.I.S 41 ^_ « E- Jt„ ^ |1 g £ ^ ? gj ^Sf.o a;*^ 484 Of the Revenues of the United States. s' ^-^ JS 'S at a 91 ** *S '2 'S ^ h.S CB rt u li ^ ^^ U h X i S.2 = o 'c g g S s S fl O til M Q _ F»l» n|nn|4 r*!^ «!»->« •J oD rN -ST -T (M r» 06 00 lo K »- ej ^ CT « O & 00 rH Tji tF « K ■g'OTfiKOTTi'wooKOoqioe^gjwg^ (AojTC'VoooO'-iooel'-iTj^woo ■^o««J5^o>«o«o t,oooo»--oi «0CTOOi-ITl<00'O>O'-i'2 ©lOCT oi 1 rH •* I w 00 W K w o o ^' •^ 00 OOi-HOO;OOOWO ^flOO'Hr-iO»TfO'-'OCT OOOTftOOOOO^KO^OO O in ■^ o> 0> CO 00 00 lO tC lO ■>t eo O Tf «o eo (N 1-c W T-(locOCO^^^»^W»-K>0©0500»00 leooOOTO S 00(00 0J-HOCfl'0<0 '0)00000 s o a es O V S.S III as 0» 00 3l K ©(CTOO^O<0 WC? 00 «0 00>>-H100500000G^K eoWcOTf iO'*(StoOr(i>oOtOcoOOOTj0?lO00b~O> •noo5ooc?o»ooooooo«D6Jooei«ob- flfSOr-ITCtOtOOOOOi-HOOWSOOTrOO ■ri^-«joaicooO'-iOJoooiOi>oh-oOi-iOcD(S •^00-*eOO?0>000>Oi-'W OO COlOCOCOlOCOCJJClOKTf COW'-lKi-lrHm'O-^'*^- b. o o o O O 03 . C9 e a c »^>OCOKOOT(ri'-l^lO Irlf-HCOh^ 05C0050 tOK>OKcOt-H^ 00>-H(S O of CO CO CO th lo K .HCO to to CO ■* Ifi 00 to O 1-1 t^ CO J Iifioollajlifli^l •S 'too' 'h-'io'Tf' CO K OJ tT 00 hC 00 »^ rr 00 1 1 o o o o o o o ■* K 00 4 l§s I o o o o o w o o o o ■>!l< O O O o >o O CO (S o> O OO O CO "o 00 r-l O >0 K •- CO CO O? >f> CO i-x Q^ m o CO to CN OJ 00 w c0CO>O(NCnOTtiK -a ^ g -C B o a JS o .3 ■S.S (U Id S CO O CO 00 CO o 00 lO 00 00 o 3* 00 CO o m CO o CO CO CO CO -♦J e 01 i ft JS CO o g 09 -s s 1 o o- o CO IT) CO CO o 00 CM o 00 CO CO g t •a o > '53 o u e a CD g e -3 Oi CO Tf 00 00 43 o H Sb ajcuajJIai^.f-^SSoSS > S?; ;?; PL, e S t> o E-i Jz; !» o Of the Revenues of the United States. 485 Amount of salar riea and commis- sions agreeably to the President's act of 9th April 1795. B ■© OOlCTCTO-^O'-Hi-i'-HKCTOTKio i-'OCf!OT0J'0CTr-H_O(NOCT'*;DOT rHofofof TTof »Cr-H'tsr00"rH00"lo"l-r r-t rH iH 00 a> o to" 00 11 « a" o (NCnOWtOOOOlOKCTiCDlOKKoj to" CT -^ CO C? CO to Tf" Ti? 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IS 2£, 2(2 ^ •^^ . e C =^ a. ^ S ^« ••^ O CO JO «^ -53 O* •5 ^ ,a, P ■^ «o a o a a § e 00 ^ OD o o a B e -a a d g a 03 a a CO a> ■■0 3 Q a H H O 3 - 1 1 xl d ^ tH j3 3 oToi ;005«i>OOm«0CT»H00lO „• ioo«T-io»Kt5TH>.,05>oci of'oi K STm O O ^ >0 O) 05 £S y >ooowo5irior-<->*00000-110!0 •3 «3 (X K •« CT CN 05_ « O, « b^ ' 03 00 «3 WJ^ a ■* lo w 00 T-T kC m o? of o CT lo "o of CT lO >0 tT « 1-1 1 d O 2 OO'-t0OO>OO!O U «5 >-i .- 05 CT 10-U3 COWOOOOWCTOOtO . cnoicno^t^ooejioK-^CTOtDOi-ccji ^ O^irsc^-^ooooOT-^c^O^O^Xcoeob- Q 1-7 r-T rl CO bT tfT lO of CjT CO rfio o o Il CO 3 d< O 2 t,i-'*coaiOJ>ooo .&!h,if5 •2 t^OO-tSI i-IOOCOKtOOiCO OWrH = ioi-Ht-h'g^ lO too 't-IKO» P co" oo" lO K of y^ o i-H o oo 5^ S OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO O OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO OOOiOOG0»O»O»r>»r5lf5'OOV5OO " U5C>'-lr-'O-<<<»^'O!Oc0O'OT>-100»^ =5 oja>>ocoio(Dooo5^G?^cri_cro5Wi--r-<_05 Q of 1-H ^ o r-T of of to i-T -^ Oi>O00O!O>00K ^ m Pn a> o P u s -^S r OO ■^ rr tS o o (fi bf !(1 '-P ^-s a c rt t^ !S V "Tii R +J -» -( CIS -►J .2 1 t^ tfl o- -2 t 03 Ph s O ca <^ = o o-^ One Sale Two ^•^^^^/"^ ■* >o (O (O to CO Of the Revenues of the United States. 487 ^•^^ T s •t^ s e^-S and aper, ^0^ •S^ ^§ ^■s «c *^ 1^ s etail arch a? a. (NOO<«00>00>0»^CTIOO>0 oo^^too>'^*H't'»odtfiXo5'^oo^H 0* K ct" co" Tj<" 00 00 00" 10 00 01 00" of 0" i-l00'^O» .-Hr-OO O'^tS'-l-^-*^ s 1 s On stamped Vel- lum, Parchment and Paper. i u en a CT'OGO-^UDi-iGqoOOOtOCTlt-iClOO GqootOTfooKTfKKoooiooioooco ■*«305O'Oi00KtN00b^'*OO-*(O'OOKt000io tt "o" lo" 00 i-T CT th i-T 10 00" T-T to" ■* CO CO »0 lO o>otDcncoiotOK'*0 Oi-iun^o 10 O00KTl< |-*'*O!c0 tO>0— <©IOOOO'Jo CO ■* u i IB 1 lOOtNoO Tji'^tOcOi-HTfK OlTjTt" tOtOOioO CTiioKOOcOcOt-i -^b,-* 0?iOtOO5 IcOOOltOOOOco lOGJOq tO_^ rH rH 00 10^ »-. K. O! 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"^ ^ •£ 59 I4J % Is WOOK9'O'-< i-lJfoOOiOtOOOlOKOKlOOOTfO OK<000>cOi-ii!f«000»^CO(Mr-o" bCi-H 00* CO >Ci-r CO tC Ti irT oq CO 00 Tji ..a. c^ rt 1-1 f CO CO 11 ©1 CD &> .a "a a u Oi-liHt^tOiotOKOOOih-lOOoOrtiflO IO00KKtOK00KlO»^T(OO'^Tt< eo«0oioeo^t->OTi'o>Tl< oo»Ti<0 iH 00 O! CO >0 to K 01 00 00 0» rt ■* rt" I*" »C vT isT of OO" CO* rfrf ,-<* l-t T-^ 00 l| CO s O a o 1 to lo o3r TfiooqoTfTfoo Oi -Ft in 00 O to CO K K K -t i-( 05 0> »-- to ■V OlOl'*©! lOO^^—WTti^tO loOOOO OOOK'* KOOOO«cOCO'-< I'*©!^ .-i»vj,ioi-i t, oi k^ *^ '''"i'-i T^ eo" oo" totr" coi-T 1-H 1—1 o 3 a O ooooooa>i-i-*ooooooo OOOOOOtOtNTJOOOOOOO >f5>00>OOlr>Tl0>0>0100 KTro>oototO"ooo>o O O 0» CO to to to 1-H -< eo to iM loKcO m-^ wT 11 00 of to 1-7 ■* vT ofi-TiH 1-1 1-1 ■s 1 CO i 1 OI to »^ 00 O K o>0i00q"0"*0t0i-io4 ^ i-&)tDt^OOi-icoO)C<-* 1>0 IOli-cO |0? Iook^cocnt^"OtC©10K00500 00 G5i-lOii-*_^T(;_t-,COT)0 CO tooT'^'oforofcooofTfto ilT-1 G0OC0»-iG0i-1 11 11 o CO 11 to >o CO 3 U n 1 lO ct'^ITci ■*©(■* « Tl CO OlTTCJjOJCOCi Tl< ©t 00 CO 00 d> 00 11 ID 5 3 o H .£ • g .. ■ :3:gT3 • • g .S.S • e3-St^ TzaoSoj^ QJrni fitsuojOr'iTMte're 2ja_eSb Of the Revenues of the United States. 489 1-3 •5^ ^ Si ?» -^ a, 1)1 a<2 -to CO a 53^ f^ "e^ V •4o o? 00 S 3 m s en u CO Q KtDoOOKKcO-Hb,QOiOO)^c0 0iOKi-irJ'OK>--O'-iK «>OlOTfrtCTlC0TH00O>T-H t^tOrH^ Tf't-rto"K'i-roGf'-H">-rcfCT tOOcO CO <0 to CO G! O! 1—1 to l-( o oo" to On Carriages for the convejance of persons. 1 oorHOtoe)'9"OiKcoaioieocoootoo lOOOOO-'f'-itOlOKrHCiOOOO-^tiOlO ©Il0©!050!0»i-IKOCT>CO'*KO"0'0 O0?^c001»O-^c0K0?»Ct-i CC0^i-i of "o i-T "o" to 00 of oo" CO lo ■^ tH 1-1 O! to CO K en C jj ,2 CO a i 1 05COoo>o«n>n«Soinooooo'n <000OOi-Ht-<-*»^0!00O0IC00!OiO c000KOQ0^0iO01i-o00>^]00| IKI 1 IKI cTo i-i 00 i-T to 1-H 0^ l-( ©! o> Vi to DISTRICTS. o ■%^^ • ' ^ « § . 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'^ h, °l °i "^.t-- -" I S o o W'-HK.io'oioirrto'ortooooor-rinT-r oo" «S -Hooooeoco i-H ,-1 rt ^ °' '-' o^ c "-H ■* ■* •» Oo©looooCTcoK01'-ico;oeooioo?to cooo ' 12 to ooco-f" d%-^f-* of i-Tti'" CO ^ CO CO >o ^ to I I o m I I -- CO ' '(NOT §3 So.; I i 3 OtNOOtOtOOr-HOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0>-iOO<5?l--.00!oO(NtOOOOOOOOOOOOOO T-c'^rrOO>O<0O'-i00O'*tOK00(N>OC0riOOKO>^>-iO00tOT-iK00U0i-'00O>>OtOt0tOO»>-i.-l <7>O>CJ>»^rt0000O-itoo^t^'-"'9' m-j tocoofofcooftotd'tfikCo''^ eowT »CrH CO TM©li-(0? rHOOi-* r-( CO 1-1 of 'NO^tOOGJOO'i^KtOOOOOlb-uoCn^-^OOOOco l&tcolSIOOTj'tDi-itOtOtO'HtOOtOOSi-icO i-lKlo >, «ik^ ^it «N1 «« i»« nn ^tl .-^ i-~« ^ I rf~s k«K r^.1 ri^^ *« a.K rn' ^ -J* i-T irT to* ccT kT of IfT oo in" ^ ftf c^" Tf i-T 1-H irT ^^ CO* K of utT GO »« o ■ij ?/3 ^ « s •O-D CO a g a tii.2 O 00 oo OJ eo ©! O to o ^ I to I o I >o I tN o o vn o o I"" 1 MS IS M M M I O ofo? 05 to O rt oa u 3 o OS K H a < to -=! OTf-f>OKCJ5^'9'>O ioto>oK.cocotoo?tOT-i05(flooir>co'ocoooco (N>OtO00KO>WitOt^C0>OC0tDt^i-ii-iG^.-i AM _A *~n I fi^ k^ wM f-A lr\ k^ rM r^v /^s i^ v>M i^ns rd •oi (N>OtO00KO>WltOt^C0>OC0tDt^i-li-iOI>-i'r) |O0COG» J2 00C0C0^^tOt--*^C0»OKc0C00>»OTfC^tO'^O liOCOtO •o o>*--oowooioo'o-^co'^t»'oi-<_oo(sj_t-.to 'coooo Q CO tn "-I^tO O'O'^Qf ^"O '*"K'«rri-<"to''KrorK' (sfofrH mm inCJioO) totoooK'^tOh^QJ >o 0? lo o> tS CO c — ^ .- LO 05 TJ" W 00 CO n: Exhibiting the amounts which accrued, during the year 1815, from the several Internal Duties, in each of the States and Territories, respectively; together with the sums received, and the amounts paid for the collection thereof. STATES AND TERRITORIES. DUTIES ACCRUING ON Licenses for Stills and Boilers employed in distilling tVom Domestic materials. Foreign materials. SPIRITS FROM Domestic mate- rials at 20 cents per gallon. Domestic ma- terials at 25 cts. per gallon. Foreign mate- rials at 2C) cts. per gallon. New-Hampsliire . . Massachusetts . . "Vermont Rhode Island . . . Connecticut . . . New-York .... New-Jersey .... Pennsylvania . . . Delaware .... Maryland .... Virginia .... North Carolina . . Ohio Kentucky .... South Carolina . . Tennessee . . . Georgia Louisiana .... Mississippi Territory Illinois do. Michigan do. Indiana do. Missouri do. District of Columbia Total, Dolls. Cts. 888 69 23,381 83 14,263 13 4,073 28 50,867 66 120,522 03 25,033 72 228,042 13 209 11 28.910 87 87,702 63 13,353 81 33,819 15 57,807 62 12,615 84 34,244 77 14,929 56 6,109 72 958 48 214 91 923 20 1,631 08 750,503 22 Dolls. Cts. 3,015 90 57,959 11 8,440 80 3,524 65 10,299 23 4,953 90 2,550 77^ 864 00 Dolls. Cts. 681 81 29,877 84 18,017 56 6,097 71 52,996 01 199,645 92 69,081 42 381,484 71 600 35 66,177 25 179,387 95 21,961 11 56,653 68 114,644 40 19,640 77 55,284 66 17,563 00 12,756 54 583 37 549 23 641 50 833 50 Dolls. Cta. 137 65 1,548 14 846 14 3,692 09 5,672 31 10,329 74 38,393 24 22,295 38 32,428 34 201,566 82 175,922 07 15,128 83 39,569 10 68,107 41 56,573 59 65,162 75 177 35 1,045 90 701 26 2,508 17 622 89 Dolls. Cts. 4,840 81 110,147 27 12,185 97 5,645 20 15,519 65 5,477 20 3,391 30 2,021 60 91,616 59 1,305,160 32 742,398 57 159,229 00 * 492 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement of the Internal Duties, DUTIES STATES AND TEREITORIES, CAKRIAGES. STAMPS. Licenses to Retailers. Sales at Auction Refined Sugar. Number of Duty thereon. On stamped pa- per and bank Paid by baoEs in lico^of Carriages. notes. stamp duties. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls, Cts. Dolls. Cu. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire . Massachusetts . . Vermont . . . 3,337 4,514 09 24,535 64 2,245 79 __ 646 70 1.020 28 14,184 21,748 49 113,906 95 87,643 63 4,394 17 5,520 74 9,339 73 1,628 2,443 09 22,337 54 75 20 ^^ 35 75 Rhode Island . , 722 1,123 03 10,093 53 452 01 _ 1,131 82 1,466 01 Connecticut . . 6,319 10,202 46 42,616 04 635 55 — 9,126 97 3,015 91 New-York . . . 7,715 18,675 91 201,757 84 332,841 64 40,279 69 57,725 72 18,661 48 New-Jersey . . 7,892 14,790 02 35,607 87 S49 84 — 4,868 90 2,105 66 Pennsjlvania . . 8,361 20,076 29 153,018 84 229,764 45 6,127 41 74.470 96 15,638 22 Delaware . . . 2,081 4,018 58 8,093 12 453 82 — 5,769 01 753 54 Maryland . . . 4,550 13,283 87 58,747 36 102,758 79 18,619 18 47,590 18 8.166 19 Virginia .... 7,047 20,147 24 69,720 64 20,003 64 980 32 33,235 88 6,061 96 North Carolina . 4,859 8,907 95 32,967 98 3,734 47 — 11,909 15 2,852 40 Ohio 219 732 45 26,923 23 636 22 — 8,964 82 1,870 65 Kentucky . . . 546 3,192 86 23,789 71 1,371 29 — 7,937 97 1,531 18 South Carolina 4,178 11,345 94 28,142 91 18.401 94 — 18,156 65 4,093 51 Tennessee . . . 154 781 43 13,280 54 291 06 — 2,118 92 347 77 Georgia .... 1,948 6,095 60 24,454 33 4,133 92 — 6,302 95 1,070 69 Louisiana . . . 430 1,357 27 9,773 09 13,504 09 408 05 10,821 53 1,920 00 Mississippi^ Territory 73 371 98 4,837 74 750 47 — 1,191 02 — Illinois do. 18 36 75 1,248 80 — 4 50 Michigan do. 28 60 00 1,817 10 71 05 — 16 35 Indiana do. 5 17 44 3,139 59 .... ... Missouri do. 6 47 00 1,861 46 — — 93 90 — District of Columbia 316 1,747 57 14,872 62 4,413 96 1,998 90 28,569 31 4,507 92 Total, 76,616 165,717 31 927,444 47 825,132 83 72,807 92 334,209 70 84,422 10 Of the Revenues of the United States. which accrued in 1815, continued. 493 ACCRUING ON Interest and United States' Total duties Total duties re- Paid to the Expenses of additions re- moiety of accruing. ceived by col- Treasurer. collection- ceived on du- fines, penal- lectors. Goods, &c. ma- Household far- ties not pnnc- ties and for- nufactured in nitare and tually paid. feitures re- the United gold & silver covered. States. watches. Dolls. Cta. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls Cts. Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 4,540 76 3,753 00 61 79 81 00 50,963 31 40,570 06 37,482 58 3,603 05 56,784 89 5,063 00 213 06 926 79 528,455 64 432,296 01 403,079 16 25,415 94 9,250 40 2,976 50 328 95 479 19 71,023 45 62,057 70 56,649 92 5.360 33 ' 910 47 1,766 50 29 — 47,750 42 60,071 68 62,915 22 4,046 72 20,504 80 6,264 00 67 06 2,040 73 201,199 16 146,777 35 140,541 51 9,522 57 157.176 79 40,069 50 2,595 70 1,788 21 1,223,231 62 930,192 54 922,256 21 41.444 17 28,546 87 9,311 50 396 65 251 92 211,705 21 149,135 93 141,634 13 9,379 78 228,188 88 — 3,325 00 1,490 28 1,380,020 41 1,087,757 00 1,041,642 35 50,590 94 10,803 31 3,377 50 22 15 — 54,394 87 42,641 83 34,689 03 2,442 12 70,746 17 2,988 50 890 15 249 00 451,556 15 341,098 08 313,244 79 15,324 20 88,154 31 — 2,080 25 264 98 709,206 62 569,432 39 533,299 05 38,198 43 12.801 23 — 481 57 72 76 284,964 50 208,285 02 180,714 43 14,662 48 23.270 60 3,207 50 752 33 193 00 172,152 46 132,032 94 122,249 01 10,592 03 33,184 46 — 1,472 01 149 33 284,649 93 231,559 05 213,668 01 15,009 46 10,156 58 7,673 50 550 40 96 00 204,922 75 176,793 59 161,029 62 11,897 02 15.373 43 252 50 1,141 20 — 179,689 87 128,787 97 120,539 39 8,305 90 8.993 25 3,521 00 380 93 20 00 155,513 58 109,580 38 89,466 95 7,012 68 1.283 03 — 10 1,039 80 59,150 57 53,404 88 51,214 77 4,327 36 1,158 61 — 23 85 — 10,921 42 10,451 28 7,749 05 •2,395 94 220 14 — — — 2,975 59 1,966 41 — . 792 54 39 46 ~ — — 2,003 96 2,005 05 622 34 1,064 44 — — — 8,294 34 4,569 56 4,958 43 894 43 162 68 — 17 30 — 5,269 81 3,353 04 »« 772 07 10,309 97 2,810 00 27 11 "~ 69,257 26 61,352 49 58,218 58 3,263 49 793,625 53 93,034 50 14,827 85 9,142 99 6,369,272 90 4,986,262 23 4,697,252 19 285,875 89 Deduct ain( rant of duties i •efunded or rei nitted as > r the Presideni hereto! ore explained mount of extra allowances bi 126,769 35 made under the 2d section of ? 6,598 32 6,242,503 55 Deduct a , and allowances the ict of 3d Marc li, 1815,proper y chargeable t the collection ( )f the direct tax 279,277 67 S O 494 Of the Revenues of the United States, A Statement of the amount of Duties which have accrued on various Goods, Wares to the 22d of February, 1816, being the STATES AND TERUITORIES. Iron. Nails, Rrarlsaiid Sprigs. Candles. Hats, Caps, and Bonnets. Paper. Playing and Visiting Cards. Dolls. Cta. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls Cts. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 134 45 168 42 10 24 894 82 167 54 Massachusetts 2,753 48 21,209 18 9,641 68 8,804 41 4,905 31 92 89 Vermont 584 fi9^ 1,007 16 1,756 321 1,115 57i Rhode Island 3 60 7 89 190 39 ' 4 Connecticut 1,735 12i 1,154 21 2,966 31} 4,506 54} 1,960 43 New-York 5,567 63 30,701 50 1,186 91 27,064 221 4,509 22} . New-Jersey 8,885 U 3,699 974 23 62 5,074 54 2,891 61 __ Pennsylvania 27,941 20 31,876 87| 2,486 00 31,416 41 11,139 774 8 33 Delaware 179 92 J 868 38 1,670 64 1,368 39 _. Maryland 4,983 86i 9,368 95i 4,514 30 14,799 90 1,212 73 — Virginia 4,982 86 1,800 47§ 2,834 29 12,994 35} 427 75} North Carolina 762 06 229 73^ 11 45|. 3,641 49| 192 16 Ohio 1,150 101 1,790 OU — 4,328 37 927 51 — Kentucky 670 83i 877 51- 250 56 5,901 94 377 464- — South Carolina 285 25^ 38 08i 2,004 79 2,375 16} 5 80 ' — Tennessee 1,267 48 610 81^ 42 12i 2,961 164 115 84i — Georgia 15 44 263 62 1,111 34 1,644 90 — — Louisiana 90 31 233 34} __ _ Illinois Territory — ■ — 66 50} Michigan do. — — > — 18 92 ... Indiana do. — — — 347 46} — —. Missouri do. — — 76 01 Mississippi do. — 77 44i — 666 47 — District of Columbia ■^~ 1,173 27 314 36} 2,399 05 138 50^ — Total, 61,903 23| 106,924 12J 1 27,488 79| 133,833 36 31,455 62 101 22 Of the Revenues of the United States. 495 and Merchandise manufactured in the United States, from the I8th of April, 1815, period during which those duties were in force. Saddles and Boots and Beer, Ale, and Tobacco, Segars, and Snuff. Umbrellas Gold, Silver and B. idles. Bootees. Porter. Leather. and Parasols. Plated wares. Total amount. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 672 41 392 33 2 06 167 44 3,739 61 7 71 143 80 6,500 83 1,117 18 3,4C9 57 2,108 18 5,014 78 23,255 10 3 20 2,513 41 84,888 87 1,557 92| 487 434 — — 4,654 82 — 490 86 11,654 92| 55 60 144 18 87 19 91 60 609 26 — 174 74 1,364 45 1,905 97 1,151 14 — 400 27 7,436 11 56 37 1,404 04 24,676 72| 6,277 85i 10,106 734 19,232 48| 44,147 13 36,216 95| 1,107 38 9,725 71 195,843 741 733 891 1,331 14 860 42 1,131 17 9,317 78 _ 1,520 46 35,469 72 17,144 03 10,484 181, 17,142 64 61,097 39i 42,314 49^ 2,724 004 12,202 91| 267,978 161 180 12 366 27 445 17 3,010 86 4,181 83 1 — 222 191 12,493 784 3,572 704 6,244 394 4,878 90 14,767 96i 13,009 05 635 04 2,638 141 85,605 95 10,440 741 5,168 43| 598 87^ 19,893 17J 19,185 29^ — 1,389 34 79,715 60 4,207 38i 806 84 3 23 690 82 4,934 OlA — 459 91 15,989 104 4,589 72+ 989 743 1,445 59 3,135 55 9,422 78i ~ 542 80 28,272 79J 8,292 104 1,552 08 434 33§ 9,855 91 10,089 33J — 1,498 50^ 39,800 58| 1,741 481 1,124 61 — 545 77 4,630 57-x — 73 86 12,845 38 5,597 621 351 43i 59 77i 891 45-3 5,310 925. — 358 87 17,567 51 4,748 44 454 38 — 548 15^ 2,126 38- — 21 16 10,933 82 164 02 158 27 — 851 72 899 95 *~^ 76 97 2,475 08 65 25 7 26 — , — 184 35i __ 323 37 — ^ — — 39 62 — 58 54 270 84^ 44 67| 24 061 509 461 — — 1,196 50^ 76 62 — 12 08 236 81 — — 401 52 1,015 94 179 63 — 52 28 892 691 — 151 65 3,026 10| 557 03 869 55 1,376 17J 2,619 60 2,250 491 — ' 1,029 211 12,727 25| 74,934 89| 45,884 29| 48,674 92i 173,949 19 205,447 71^ 4,533 904 36,638 55^ 951,769 84| 496 Of the Revenues of the United States. A Statement exhibiting the amounts which accrued, during the year 1816, from the several Internal paid for the STATES AND DUTIES Licenses for Stills and Boilers employed in distilling from SPIRITS CARRIAGES. TERRITORIES. Licenses to Re- Sales at Auction. Distilled from Distilled from Distilled f om domestic ma- domestic ma- foreign mate- 1 tailers. Domestic ma- Foreign mate- terials at 20 terials at 25 rials at 20 Number of Duty thereon. terials. rials. cents per gal- lon. cents per gal- lon. cents per Ion. gal- carriages. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. DoUs. Cta. New -Hampshire 148 82 1,935 02 334 71 105 95 1,805 18 1,904 2,610 03 20,316 53 1.283 93 Massachusetts 7,801 92 74,681 01 11,962 62 499 40 41,277 01 10,391 15,850 39 107.507 92 95,708 94 Vermont 4,934 68 5,297 79 313 99 — 946 1,458 60 16,519 27 106 42 Rhode Island 1,762 02 10,433 45 2,981 85 — 4,018 04 606 938 27 11,408 78 2.640 44 Connecticut 25,079 72 5,538 91 16,596 94 530 54 976 60 5,048 8,178 21 36,104 29 322 67 New-York 77,313 22 22,123 49 77,437 92 6,716 03 7.047 02 3,836 11,034 37 173,192 37 300,510 99 New-Jersey 39,462 12 2.451 16 24,030 14 5,898 00 1,075 20 6,330 11,325 88 32,611 75 448 58 Pennsylvania 256,409 57 699 35 271,911 02 28,514 17 408 60 5,969 17,122 42 139,035 73 160.493 43 Delaware 3,397 35 — 156 62 — 1,717 3,666 90 10,863 56 61 73 Maryland Virginia North Carolina 35,214 29 — 41,294 68 4,967 05 — 4,084 13,072 07 50,348 09 69.407 84 111,137 31 4,407 32 111,952 59 48,223 93 413 56 5,770 18,348 01 58,603 16 20,996 12 21.256 28 — 10,710 53 61,163 20 — 3,566 7,382 18 28,221 85 4,844 26 Ohio 63,588 41 — 34,274 30 18,838 91 — 155 480 52 23,394 59 1,014 90 Kentucky South Carolina 84,175 84 — 80,549 71 24,703 57 — 377 2,459 19 20,141 62 813 53 12,908 40 — 4,486 96 21,588 64 1,461 00 2,997 7,936 57 25,316 11 30.203 26 Tennessee 49,657 02 — 24,391 62 29,360 37 — 106 680 65 9,499 92 287 77 Georgia Louisiana 16,717 85 1,720 83 6,038 22 5,959 45 553 00 1,294 4,486 71 14,039 49 7.052 03 10,138 62 — 5,585 60 92 11 — 247 1,443 58 11,821 27 23,217 92 Illinois Territory Michigan do. Indiana do. 367 43 764 00 = 662 85 566 96 2,544 87 — 8 21 2 21 74 42 00 8 25 776 95 1,694 13 1,860 00 39 59 Missouri do. 1,125 17 — 1.838 35 498 97 — 6 31 00 1.981 75 — Mississippi do. District of Columbia 1,083 73 306 00 1,407 14 — 69 385 40 5,499 42 1,053 '58 — — — " ' ~ 230 1,513 68 11,888 64 8,601 07 Total, 824,443 77 123,990 54 732,644 40 262,649 87 59,035 21 55,679 130.476 62 812,647 17 729,109 00 Of the Revenues of the United States. 497 Duties, in each of the States and Territories respectively ; together with the sums received, and the amount collection thereof. ACCRUING ON Interest and U. States- Total duties ac- Total duties re- Paid to the Trea- Expenses of STAMPS. additions re- moiety of cruing. ceived by the surer. collection. Goods, &c. ma- Household fur- ceived on da- ties not punc- fines, pe- nalties & Collectors. Refined Sugar. On stamped paper and bank notes. Paid by banks in lieu of stamp daties. nufactured in the United States. niture and gold and silver watches. tually paid. forfeitures recovered. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CU. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. — 542 91 1,125 97 2,486 07 743 50 66 06 310 24 33,814 92 39,495 87 37,049 41 2,976 67 15,182 74 4,562 18 10,463 33 31,269 46 15,549 50 575 51 2,137 18 635,029 11 467,043 29 444,231 82 21,422 85 — 23 75 — 2,408 39 145 00 442 51 750 75 32,401 15 45,470 31 41,397 16 3,598 69 238 75 3,366 07 1,534 35 543 78 — 59 64 ____ 39,925 44 63,059 17 60,704 66 4,045 29 — 8,538 29 3.669 07 4,241 53 1,318 00 335 43 819 66 112,249 86 158,589 05 146,873 88 8,795 11 57,065 07 20,852 48 22,690 60 38,693 33 2,073 50 5,617 88 1,491 50 823,859 77 949,683 08 906,460 96 39,845 33 22 38 4,826 30 2,215 76 7,032 81 1,347 50 1,124 55 299 28 134,171 41 179,239 81 169,761 72 11,002 41 33,634 65 93,879 59 20,388 43 41,370 28 49,868 50 7,004 74 1,702 68 1,122,443 16 1,188,667 42 1,133,745 65 42,195 49 — 11,865 91 1,585 99 1,690 47 76 00 22 82 — 33,387 35 45,391 91 51,489 57 3,650 5S 27,024 48 48,033 51 9,488 62 16,997 89 16,298 00 1,578 05 154 00 333,878 57 379,749 49 349,847 73 13,762 00 1,900 29 21,429 66 5,061 54 19,272 54 20,218 51 6,359 73 105 89 448,430 16 568,721 08 531,820 13 33,737 01 — 12,922 36 3,499 90 4,518 92 5,404 74 1,491 40 17 18 161,432 78 219,903 42 227,953 82 13,567 94 406 42 12,099 60 2,324 88 5,016 34 2,186 00 1.802 78 722 79 166,150 44 145,435 52 131,691 56 11,717 43 — 13,904 30 2,153 71 7,086 12 7,224 00 3,058 34 1,042 21 247,312 14 239,776 98 230,180 60 14,333 47 — 17,641 24 3,495 34 2,670 53 1,390 00 859 32 195 00 130,152 37 172,600 71 161,611 22 12,353 79 — 3,529 56 659 39 2,450 17 1,717 00 1,926 74 — 124,160 21 137,608 34 125,892 48 6,520 45 — 9,049 86 1,399 55 2,019 24 611 00 702 51 — 70,349 74 111,515 55 96,034 14 7,973 70 164 66 10,202 97 1,848 48 1,192 05 1,620 00 — — 67,327 26 68,690 80 63,862 60 5,787 88 — 2 80 — 103 23 126 00 — — 1,965 11 1,536 34 1,319 10 739 56 — 21 65 — 19 08 72 00 — — 1,888 45 1,888 45 504 71 546 03 — 98 05 — 132 06 — 17 74 — 6,087 82 3,053 74 — 167 70 — 282 48 — 144 78 — 6,070 20 7,745 18 5,012 10 878 15 — 1,390 73 420 00 2,356 84 667 00 139 34 — 14,709 18 14,012 61 10,141 53 2,455 35 4,276 85 5,695 50 63,585 90 5,423 41 2,447 98 ~ 116 51 ■ ' 99,272 69 105,683 26 100,085 01 141,334 94 362,537 37 99,448 32 196,301 59 128.655 75 33,446 38 9,748 36 4,646,469 29 12,669 95 5,314,561 38 5,027,671 56 266,181 98 Deduct amount of duties refunded or remitted Beduct amount of extra allowances by the Pr esident, and of allowa er the 2d section of tlip. 5 4,633,799 34 nces made unc ^ctof March 3, 1815, properly chargeable 1 to the collection of th i Direct Tax. See Note 2, p. 482, ante. 5 12,741 56 253,440 42 5 P 498 Of the Revenues of the United States. XI. Of Direct Taxes. In 1798,(«9) an act to provide for the valuation of the lands and dwelling- houses, and the enumeration of the slaves, within the United States, was passed. Each state was divided into divisions, composed of the several counties thereof; and a commissioner was appointed for each of the divisions aforesaid. The com- missioners from each state, convened in a general meeting, divided their respec- tive states into a suitable number of assessment districts, and appointed one respectable freeholder as the principal assessor, and a sufficient number of re- spectable freeholders as the assistant assessors. The commissioners for each state, framed instructions and established suitable regulations for the government of the assessors in the execution of their several duties in relation to the valuation and enumeration of all lands, dwelling-houses and slaves within their respective districts, to be made as follows, viz : " Every dweUing-house above the value of one hundred dollars, with the out-houses thereto appurtenant, and the lot on which such dwelling-house and out-houses are erected, not exceeding two acres in any case, shall be valued at the rate such dweUing-house, with the lot and appurtenances aforesaid, are worth in money, with a due regard to situation. All lands and town lots, except lots on which dwelling-houses above the value of one hundred dollars, with their appur- tenances, are erected as aforesaid, shall be valued by the quantity, either in acres or square feet, as the case may be, at the average rate which each separate and entire tract or lot is worth in money, in a due relation to other lands and lots, and with reference to all advantages, either of soil or situation, and to all buildings and other improvements, of whatever kind, except dwelling-houses above the value of one hundred dollars, and the out-houses appurtenant thereto. And aU slaves, whether negroes, mulattoes or mestizoes, above the age of twelve and under the age of fifty years, shall be enumerated in the assessment district in which they may, respectively, be kept or employed at the time of the enu- meration, except such as from fixed infirmity or bodily disability, may be inca- pable of labour." All property belonging to the United States, or to any state, or such as was permanently exempted from taxation by the laws of the state, wherein the same was situated or possessed, was exempted from the valuation and enumeration aforesaid. (69) Act 9th July, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 87. Of the Revenues of the United States. 499 In t^e same year,^™) a direct tax of two millions ofdoUars, was laid upon the United States, and apportioned to the several states as will be hereafter stated. This tax was assessed upon dwelling-houses, lands and slaves, according to the valuations and enumerations made in pursuance of the act of the 9th of July, 1798, in the manner following, viz : Upon every dweUing-house which with the out-houses appurtenant thereto, and the lot whereon the same were erected, not exceeding two acres in any case, valued in manner aforesaid at more than one hundred, and not more than five hundred dollars, a sum equal to two-tenths of one per centum was assessed on the amount of the valuation. Upon every dweUing-house, valued at more than 500 doUars and not more than 1000 dollars, three-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 1000 dollars and not more than 3000 dollars, four-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 3000 dollars and not more than 6000 dollars, one-half per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 6000 dollars and not more than 10,000 dollars, six-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 10,000 dollars and not more than 15,000 dollars, seven-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 15,000 dollars and not more than 20,000 dollars, eight-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dweUing-house, valued at more than 20,000 dollars and not more than 30,000 dollars, nine-tenths of one per centum. Upon every dwelling-house, valued at more than 30,000 dollars, one per centum. Fifty cents were assessed upon every slave enumerated. The whole of the sums assessed, upon dwelling-houses and slaves within each state respectively, was deducted from the amount apportioned to such state, and the remainder of said sum, was assessed upon the lands within such state ac- cording to the valuations made pursuant to the act above recited, and at such rate per centum as was sufficient to produce the said remainder. No part of the tax was assessed upon such lands, or dwelling-houses and slaves, as were especially exempted from taxes by the laws of the states respectively. In 1813,(") collection districts were established in each of the states respec- tively, for the purpose of assessing and collecting dfrect taxes, ^c. (70) Act 14th July, 1798 ; vol. iii. ch. 92. (n) Act 22d Juljr, 1813; vol. iv, ch. 544. 500 Of the Revenues of the United States. One collector and one assessor, were appointed for each of the districts afore- said; each principal assessor was directed to divide his district into a convenient number of assessment districts, and to appoint a respectable freeholder to be his assistant assessor. The assessors, pursuant to regulations and instructions established by the Secretary of the Treasury, valued and enumerated all the lands, lots of ground, with their improvements, dwelling-houses and slaves, liable to be taxed, under any direct tax, laid by the authority of the United States, at the rate each of them was worth in money. All property belonging to the United States, or to any state, or such as was permanently or specially exempted from taxation, by the laws of the state wherein the same was situated, was exempted from the valuation and enumeration aforesaid. In the same year,^''^) a direct tax, of three millions of dollars, was laid upon the United States, and apportioned upon the several states, as will be hereafter stated. The quotas, payable by the states respectively, were apportioned on the several counties and state districts, in the manner prescribed in the act of the 22d of July, 1813. Each state was authorised, by an act of its legislature, to vary the respective quotas imposed on its several counties or districts. Each state was allowed to pay its quota of the tax into the Treasury of the United States, and was entitled to a deduction of fifteen per centum, provided such payment was made prior to the lOth of February, 1814; and often per centum if made prior to the 1st of May, 1814. In ISlS,^'^^) a direct tax, of six millions of dollars, was laid annually upon the United States, and apportioned to the states respectively, as will be hereafter stated. This tax was assessed, in the manner prescribed in the act of the 22d of July, 1813. Each state was allowed to pay its quota into the Treasury of the United States. Provided the payments were made, prior to the 1st of May, in the year to which each payment related, a deduction of fifteen per centum was allowed, and if made prior to the 1st of October, the deduction was at the rate of ten per centum. The direct tax now laid, was pledged in the manner heretofore stated, con- cerning sundry internal revenues. (72) Act 2d August, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 565. (73) Act 9th January, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 703. Of the Revenues of the United States. 501 The President might authorise the Secretary of the Treasury, to anticipate the collection of the aforesaid direct tax, by obtaining a loan upon the pledge of the tax, for the reimbursement thereof; provided, the sum borrowed did not exceed six millions of dollars, and the interest thereon did not exceed six per centum per annum. An annual direct tax, amounting to 19,998 dollars and 40 cents, was laid^^*) upon the District of Columbia, and was levied and assessed in the manner pre- scribed m the act of the 9th of January, 1815. In 18i6,^"> the act, laying an annual direct tax of 6,000,000 dollars upon the United States, was repealed; and in lieu thereof, a direct tax of 3,000,000 dollars was laid, for the year 1816. The act passed on the 27th of February, 1815, to lay an annual direct tax of 19,998 dollars and 40 cents, upon the District of Columbia, was also repealed, and in lieu thereof, a direct tax of S,999 dollars and 20 cents, for the year 1816, was laid upon the district aforesaid. (74) Act 27th February, 1815 j vol. iv. ch. 742. Its) Act 5th March, 1816. itf- 5 Q 502 Of the Revenues of the United States. A Statement qfthe^tas of the Direct Taxes, apportioned to the States, respectively, purmant to the acts of Congress, passed in 1798, 1813 and 1815. STATES. Quotas apportioned in 1798. Quotas apportioned in 1813. Quotas apportioned in 1815. New-Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont New-York New-Jersey , . Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia Kentucky North Carolina Tennessee South Carolina Georgia Ohio Louisiana Dolls. Cts. Mills. 77,705 36 2 260,435 31 2 37,502 08 129,767 00 2 46,864 18 7 ■181,680 70 7 98,387 25 3 237,177 72 7 30,430 79 2 152,599 95 4 345,488 66 5 37,643 99 7 193,697 96 4 18,806 38 3 112,997 73 9 38,814 87 5 Dolls. Cts. 96,793 37 316,270 98 34,702 18 118,167 71 98,343 71 430,141 62 108,871 83 365,479 16 32,046 25 151,623 94 369,018 44 168,928 76 220,238 28 110,086 55 151,905 48 94,936 49 104,150 14 28,295 11 Dolls. Cts. 193,586 74 632,541 96 69,404 36 236,335 42 196,687 42 860,283 24 217,743 66 730,958 32 64,092 50 303,247 88 738,036 88 337,857 52 440,476 56 220,173 10 303,810 96 189.872 98 208,300 28 56,590 22 A Statement shoioing the aggregate amount of the valuations of the Lands, Lots,Dwelling-Houses and Slaves, of the States, respectively, returned pursuant to the acts passed in 1798, 1813 and 1815. The returns for 1798 do not iri '""•,, (77) (77) 28 (78) Cents. 49 44 33 26 60 31 22 21 44 24 46 34 39 33 57 Massachusetts fJonnpcticut ■* Vprmont .^. ...••■ Npw-Vork .. New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina ...* Georeia Kentucky Ohio Tennessee Louisiana • The amounts above stated are a fraction of a cent below the actual propor- tion paid for every 100 dollars of the valuation. ^^^) (77) The tax was assumed and paid by the states. (78) Returns were deficient. (79) In 1798, the annual land tax in Great Britain was about ^2,000,000 sterling, at four shillings in the pound ; it had continued at that rate for a century, and was made perpetual at the rate aforesaid ; when landed property in general throughout the kingdom, sold at from 28 to 30 years purchase, the funded stock was sold at from 16 to 17 years purchase. Pitt's Speeches, vol. iii. p. 262, et seq. 504 Of the Revenues of the United States. u , -. ,^ 9 CO H-S 1 "S Td U (U cS % -« ^ -I-' 05 -KCT00(O>OO5t)<>-< S 00h,CT»-l0i|T-i«OOOllO00tOT)H00tDO T-t E « 5£SSS"'^°J"^'*"*°°'0'*O«3K T-( 3 •2 en»< S -h so CO h4 § to" 1' en f>0 OWJOWlOlOOOOOiO W IB u , I ir'JSl^-'OOOlt-mTtCTWOlO o» s 1 l^io-HK o s ^ ■3 ' CT 'cnm>f>io_r-iocftKooo5 of « K of to" W Ko>omo>^>-cooo!0 to i *«-: O eo-*;DT-(tf5i-icoK>nKTi<-i;^05«D'* en .S £ 3;^oi"o-imoto;otocr.ioCT 00 H "^1 M OOOT.-i-!)i(HO'-<_-^0000GlCTOISIK 1 '^OO « 0>(N0> rl-CT rt o <0K>00)Ki-iTfiCTOcr)-*«3;0Tt>KC> ^_, 1 b»t^t-lloiOCT(JlW»^>00505'^05aiKai-*b-ooio>oKO^ ta 'O 001000pOi-i«3G?0>-HOO-*T-OOQO d » (N001COGqO>^TfOJ_-^__00_OCOCTOi05-^ »^ eS J o 'ScncocomtCocot^co-^int^cc'S'n hC Q tOtOOIO-^KKCTU100CT«:s«3T-c(fl'-l oq .-1 . . 1 .CTTf .■VCTOW'^k^OOtOTCO^ en i l^ Tf>0 CTlCTO(JllO00tD00O(N>O *-H .A ' ' tH to ' Oi^ ■* i-<^ ^ 0?_ O 0> >0 K CO CT G? a orofi-rCToococnioKrioirr tn" ^ s ■^ >0 lO to -*CTCOCTKOiOT>0«cO P^ £ o Cl-*00O!CTCT00CT00!OtOOO>0I>-i00 t^ _« ootooJOjOi-HOOoomtot^CTWrtioto ■* 1 o CTO?Ot~.OOCTT-<'*;OOOtDOlO>CTtOTf 00 a O>(»OTrCTtOOl^Oi-HGl_'N00G5_tD_^.-* en to « ca tDtCTfoToOirroiT-rcSoOOOofoOKortO CO >? *■■ 1 TC'^OO-tWOiTrCSoOcO-^CTOOlCTOO 00 1 r^lO 05_'-^'0-^r-l_CTr-<_t-.(SOOb^rHO« to 1 ■« ■^■GfO'-<'of>OrH'-<' o > w c? cq ^ rt yt (N'*'*l0t^t0-!OIN'<}'e0tO "2 r-iO>0>0-*'^_tOK,001«3K.Tf'*CTO i-T oo" tC CT ifT ct" oT ^ irT to" t- -T scf CO cf rJ to to 3 rlTf N CTi-clO -HCNi-l >-; ^5 OJ a cr>-«j^Cn(5>OO T— ( J ooojioio-*io-Ho>OOOKOO'0-oa>oowoco-*t->otnto °J, d ooioofCTU^ioKrTfcoTftoortoinoo*^ CO 1 000«OtOOOOOGJ>OCT>^0>OtOtD-5f °J . 1 O ^ O — i-i 00 0? 00_ O to 05_ 05 •* (N Gq_ 00 oT oT 00 o ■o ■*" K of •*" •^" oT tC of o o 'o 9^ ^ > iHioTC.-Hts.eiK oiwoq-H — oi »-(OOTj'0>G^oo<>o>oo''*>Sh:'^'''"'^ to Cm tOO^'^-^OI-HOOtOOI-^TtDOOlOCTlO 00 O oooo — i^iooioo — w_to_^-^>o^^toto to fes oT T-T irT oT oo" Tf" oo" oT '* tf oo' to o» ■* ^ >-i to" ■= h "^COtO^^i-'COIfSt^-^'OlOks.COK'O ■* 9 *^ K 00 lo to_ en Tf K, 05 o ■* ■* en K io_to_^ m colC of'^tOofi-Ti-TioOpOieoi^eo CO rt rH rf W -» 1-H to 1-* o CO H ^ M sa o a> o o u sa -a td P. a 93 j3 H |Z5 Of the Revenues of the United States. 505 C/2 (4-1 ^ -l-> ^ ■^ 02 cd Pn f 1 o rrt on C ■-< C3 >^ ^ J= X! -0 »— i ^ y H j=i +3 TO OJ P 5 « 1^ 5 <^-H OCT>-l OJOOO? ©!OCO a 't "^ H "^^ °1 °° ^ 't '*'*.'"- "^^ ■*« ™ a 03 w rt § 00 ©( T-( Payments into the Treasury, to the SOth of September 1S09. ^ T- CT rH Tf to 00 (S 00 h- ■* CT K lO g t^tomi-Hoioqo — o<£>-^CTooob,b~ K--i>o©iio'o . 02^CTTj'KOTCO(y!K-'i,cOCTG5^000 = T-? w T-T c w CO r-T fT? 00 cT ^' to -J 10" irT C Oq n-H t-i Ol r-ICOt-H >o T— I 00 10 00 CO t^ r, T-I Losses by in- solvencies, re- movals, &c. Dolls. Cts. 317 90 415 27 T-I CO Charges of col- lection as al- lowed on set- tlements. » h,-*'^^Diolr)TftOOOK>0«0 coco U OOG^OSOO^yDOV^O^OicOOO'^ 0?tN. OiOO'?fG^'OOOOi-«-^»-*OOlO V51-H . ai'-Hooo5CTioooio'*tnKooo iirjio .2 OOGOT-HOinf^wTfOOCOt^GOlO |(00 Tf t-T of oT OT '^" (iT 10 r-T c" 00 CO tt ■* CO* Q T-I l-( T-I TH (M T-< CO T— 1 Addition for Interest and costs. a § § 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 ^ [ 1 1 1 1 a to ° i 1^ 3 •*e!r-io>r>h-0»^003T-i-*t^ao'*-H T-IOOC00500©!T-lCI>CTiKTt>101000T}"00 00"r5G0'^>fit^tC'ClO5'^V5G0Tt^'^CDG^ J «3i-iCr>OO«3&!>0O«3T-l«3-*rt^0'*' S C^OCO^t-^^t-J^G^G^^IOCOODgOO'^OOt-HG^ KOt-ToKofoO^ro'cOcOT-r.^oOOo'or W K^C0C0-^00OlG0C0»O-^aii-IC0G0T-l ©l 1-H T-I G^ i-HCOt-It-I CO to o~ of '£ 06 M ss 1- 2 t0rt00OO>rtiOC0CTi>o»-,t0Tti00O00 cO«00.-H>^05KKCT!(DCKih,OOOcO »nioG^b,Tt*OKb^oo^oo*^i^Tti'^o J OCTOy3tO00a0Kc0CTi00O)0>i-H'*O :3 b^Tfio^^ooy^co^HTfio-^^Osoocooo ^ K C? K 01 jo" -^" 00" K ef 10" co" Gf 00* jC 00" ^ t^y3OT«-*000>COCO>OTj<05T-ICOCOrt W Tl T-I 0? T-lCOrtT-l 8 1 S 5 fe 3 « ... New-Hampshir Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont . . New-York . New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware . Maryland . Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . . . Kentucky . . Tennessee . ■ ■a B o -S to >n to CO 00 :3 to 00 i Ha as d <3 P3 ^ !3 03 P. ^ — » o 5 R 506 Of the Revenues of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Valuations of Lands, Lots and Dwdling-Houses, and of the Slaves, in the several States, returned in pursuance of the act of the 22d of July, 1813. The States of JVhv-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, and Kentucky, assumed and paid their quotas, no valuations were returned for those States. STATES. Value of Lands, Ix>ts & Dwelling-houses. Value of Slaves. Total Valuation. Dolls. Dolls. DolU. New-Hampshire 36,957,825 — 36,957,825 Massachusetts 149,253,514 — 149,253,514 Vermont 32,747,290 — 32,747,290 Rhode Island 21,567,020 — 24,567,020 Connecticut 86,546,841 3,192 86,550,033 New-Yorkt") . 265,224,983 842,162 266,067.145 Delaware(8« . 14,218,950 142,519 14,361,469 Maryland 106,490,638 14,525,845 121,016,483 North Carolina('3J 58,114,952 34,082,545 92,197,497 Tennessee^") 28,748,986 9,662,925 38,411,911 Louisiana, 2d District only<'''^ 2,312,785 2,284,765 4,597,550 (81) The returns from two districts, the twelfth and twenty-fifth, of the valuations for the year 1814, were not received: the valuations for those districts for 1815, were assumed in the above returns. In four districts, the seventh, twelfth, twenty-first and twenty-fifth, the valuation of slaves was not given distinctly from the valuations of the lands, lots and dwelling-houses. (82) In one district, the third, the valuation of slaves is not given distinctly from the valuation of lands, lots and dwelling-houses. (83) In two districts, the fifth and twelfth, the valuation of slaves is not given distinctly from the valua- tion of lauds, lots and dwelling-houses. (84) The returns from one district, the third, of the valuations for 1814, have not been received. The valuation of this district for 1815, as fixed by the board of principal assessors, has been taken. The valua- tion of slaves in two districts, the third and fourth, are not given distinctly from the valuation of lands, lots and dwelling-houses. (85) The retuma for 1814, have not been received from any of the districts except the second here given . Of the Revenues of the United States. 507 A View of the Collection of the Direct Tax of Three Millions of Dollars, laid on the 2d of August, 1813. STATEMENT Of the amounts of the Direct Tax, laid in pursuance of the act of Zd of August, 1813, received during the year 1814, with the amounts paid to the officers employed in the collection thereof. STATES. Amount received by the Collectors. Payments to the Treasurer, Expenses of Collection. New-Hampshire Massachusetts Vermont Rhode Island Connecticut . New-York Delaware Maryland North Carolina Tennessee Louisiana DoUs. Cts. 90,868 34 203,266 70 91,889 04 29,077 41 113,566 41 373,388 62 29,476 44 74,702 75 117,315 47 74,998 64 Dolls. Cts. 79,810 06 173,264 25 81,709 08 25,464 31 102,864 03 324,524 76 25,951 35 55,596 23 156,826 94 64,857 80 Dolls. Cts. 5,165 29 11,355 94 5,411 07 2,142 87 7,036 09 18,274 13 2,131 86 3,813 62 10,470 62 3,534 90 1,258,549 82 1,090,848 81 69,336 39 6,660 14 Add amount of extra allowance by the President, properly chargeable to the col- ? lection of the Direct Tax r 5 75,996 53 508 Of the Revenues of the United States. Of the tax aforesaid the states of New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Ohio and Kentucky, assumed and paid into the Treasury then* respective quotas, amounting to 1,363,290 dollars and 31 cents, leaving to be collected by the United States, the remaining sum of 1,636,709 dollars and 69 cents; the three following statements a. b. and c. exhibit a view of the collec- tion of the sum last mentioned. STATEMENT (a.) Exhibiting a View of the Collection in each of the. States respectively, where the qtwtas were not assumed by the States. See the Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 31st December, 1816. Other Credits Amount reJ maining to be STATES. Amount of the Amount of Payments to the Expenses of to the Col- Total amount of Quota. Tax list. Treasurer. Collection. lectors.(86) Credits. accounted for. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts- Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 96,793 37 97,049 20 87,709 16 5,635 11 3,704 93 97,049 20 -__ Massachusetts 316,270 98 318.137 09 291,007 91 17,356 20 9,848 18 318,212 29 38 62 Vermont 98,343 71 98,532 26 90,841 06 6,019 40 1,694 29 98,554 75 9 70 Connecticut 118,167 71 118,502 79 110,206 46 7,526 73 766 50 118,499 69 3 16 Rhode Island 34,700 18 34,750 78 31,944 20 2,728 89 79 83 34,752 92 — New-York 431,931 62 435,006 34 390,087 59 21,485 51 18,786 98 430,360 08 6,350 78 Delaware 32,046 21 32,294 67 29,717 81 2,423 58 163 28 32,304 67 — Maryland 151,623 94 152,327 49 140,377 87 7,764 50 936 86 149,099 23 3,265 17 North Carolina 220,287 60 220,959 92 206,460 42 13,774 52 993 24 221,228 18 1 07 Tennessee 110,012 30 111,039 49 101,948 90 5,827 28 3,137 36 110,913 54 144 98 Louisiana 28,302 22 29,7)2 57 8,799 30 829 88 3 71 9,632 89 20,079 68 1,638,479 84 1,648,312 60 1 1,489,120 68 91,371 60 40,114 16 1,620,607 44 28,893 16 (86) In this column is stated the amount with which the collectors are credited, arising from taxes on non -residents' property, transferred to the designated collectors; the taxes on property purchased on behalf of the United States and not redeemed; abatements on individual taxes from errors of assessment; taxes lost by persons absconding or becoming insolvent, and excess of charges beyond the additions of tea and twenty per centum incurred on the advertising and sale of property for non-payment of taxes. Of the Revenues of the United States. 509 STATEMENT (6.) View of the Collection of Taxes on J^Ton-Eesidents' Property transferred to the designated Collectors in each State. 4 The Note to Statement (a.) is in most respects applicable to this view. Other Credits Amount re- STATES. Amount Trans- Payments to Expenses of to the Col- Total amount maining to be ferred. the Treasurer. Collection. lectors. (87) of Credits. accounted for. Dolls. Cts. Uolls. Cts. DolU. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 3,520 15 3,338 60 181 55 ^.M 3,520 15 ^^ Massachusetts 6,563 71 5,177 12 324 95 54 19 5,556 26 1,007 45 Vermont 1,7-71 15 1,676 15 95 00 ^— 1,771 15 Rhode Island 60 33 21 37 1 79 38 69 61 85 ^^ Connecticut 708 66 631 34 35 33 41 50 708 17 51 New-York 18,903 44 17,766 18 1,137 26 18,903 44 _^ Delaware 28 81 ^-, 36 79 36 79 __ Maryland 627 03 371 17 33 34 81 71 486 22 140 81 North Carolina 633 69 591 77 41 92 633 69 , , Tennessee 2,924 81 2,432 87 134 36 417 81 2,985 04 , Louisiana •"— — — — — 35,741 81 32,006 57 1,985 50 670 69 34,662 76 1,148 77 C87) See Note to the preceding Statement. 5 S ^ 1 ^ Of the Revenues of the United States. STATEMENT (c.) General View of the Collection of the Direct Tax of 1814. Aggregate of the quotas of the several districts as fixed by law, i ,638,479 84 Aggregate of the quotas of the several districts agreeably to the tax lists delivered by the principal assessors, to the collectors, 1,648,3 1 2 60 Deduct for allowances of errors in assessment . . . i,929 86 Dolls. Cts. Leaving the amount of tax to be collected . . . 1,646 382 74 Add Interest received on the redemption of pro- perty purchased in behalf of the United States, 195 72 Surplus of the additions of 10 to 20 per cent, over the expenses of property advertised or sold . . 3,465 95 3,661 67 Amount chargeable to collectors . . . Dolls, 1,650,044 41 Amount of payments to the treasurer , , . 1,521,129 25 Deduct amounts over paid by sundry collectors, beyond the amount with which they were re- spectively chargeable, which will be credited to them in the accounts of du'ect tax of 1815, 1,257 72 1,519,871 53 Expenses of collection, viz : Contingent expenses . . . , 5,493 39 Commission 87,716 68 93,210 07 Amount of taxes lost by persons absconding or becoming insolvent 1,204 84 1,614,286 44 Amount remaining to be accounted for , , , . , 35,757 97 The amount aforesaid remaining to be accounted for, consists of Taxes on property purchased by the United States and unredeemed 5,764 18 Taxes uncollected or in the hands of collectors . , 29,993 79 85,757 97 The three preceding statements were dated. Revenue Office, November 21th, 1816, Of the Revenues of the United States. 511 View of the state of the Collection of the Direct Tax of Three Millions of Lollars, imposed August 2(/, 1813, continued. Dolls. Cts. Amount remaining to be accounted for agreeably to the last annual statement, dated November 27th, 1816 35,757 97 To which add interest since received on the redemption of pro- perty purchased in behalf of the United Slates 954 74 From which deduct the following payments since made by collectors, viz : Payments to the treasurer 22,930 86 Expenses of collection, viz : Contingent expenses 122 19 Commission 1,374 74 1,496 93 And amount of taxes lost by persons absconding or becoming insolvent 34 19 36,712 71 24,461 98 Amount still remaining to be accounted for .... Dolls. 12,250 73 Which consists of Taxes on property purchased by the United States and unredeemed 2 872 63 Taxes on non-residents' property transferred to designated collectors, and not yet collected . . 1,148 26 Taxes uncollected, or in the hands of collectors, viz : In the 16th and 25th districts of New- York . , 2 583 17 In the 4th district of Maryland 1252 84 In the state of Louisiana 3 7S1 30 In other districts 612 53 12,250 Revenue Office, November 29th, 1817. 512 Of the Revenues of the United States. STATEMENT Of the amount of Direct Tax received during the year 1815, with the amounts paid to the officers employed in the collection thereof. Amount received by Paid to the Expenses the Collectors. Treasurer. of Collection. STATES. Dolls. Cts. DolU. CU. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 94,776 29 83,693 91 4,390 00 Massachusetts 125,269 00 131,187 15 7,927 00 Vermont 109,618 98 58,147 88 3,479 00 Rhode Island . 21,296 61 7,274 45 1,032 00 Connecticut 117,558 01 108,935 05 5,477 00 New-York 53,816 44 73,741 21 4,918 00 New-Jersey 140,049 04 120,155 43 5,752 00 Pennsylvania — — — Delaware 23,508 66 23,331 54 1,375 00 Maryland 65,464 30 72,730 68 3,386 00 Virginia . — — — North Carolina 40,191 01 49,332 34 3,430 00 Kentucky — — — Tennessee 33,155 28 88,560 69 2,449 00 Louisiana 1,797 14 1,683 80 113 00 District of Columbia • . * • 6,610 65 6,250 00 333 00 833,111 41 775,024 93 44,066 87 3,427 29 Add amount of extra allowances by the President, properly chargeable 1 tion of the Direct Tax ^ , ' , " , Add amount of allowances under the 2d section of the Act of the 3d of the collec- ? March, 1815, ? Dolls. 3,171 03 properly chargeable to the collection of Direct Tax .... 50,665 19 Being six and one-eighth per cent, on the amount paid into the Treasury, Revenue Office, J^oveviber ZBth, 1816. Of the Revenues of the United States. 513 General View of the state of the Collection of the Direct Tax of Sice Millions of Dollars, imposed January 9th, 1815. Although "this tax was imposed on the 9th of January, 1815, in consequence of the time occupied by the assessment, the collection did not commence in any district until the 28th day of September, 1815, and generally did not commence until the month of February, 1816. Dolls. Cts. Amount of the tax 6,000,000 00 Add amount of direct tax imposed on the District of Columbia by the act of the 27th February, 1815 19,998 40 6,019,998 40 Amount paid into the Treasury by the following states, viz : New-York 731,240 76 South Carohna 258,239 32 Georgia 170,885 69 Ohio 177,055 24 1,337,421 01 Deductions allowed 224,846 45 1,562,267 47 Leaving to be collected by the collectors . . . 4,457,730 94 Of this sum there is ascertained to have been collected on the 31 St of October, 1817 4,300,124 75 Amount remaining to be accounted for, consisting of taxes on non-residents' property transferred to designated collectors and not yet collected ; of taxes on property purchased by the United States and unredeemed; and of taxes uncollected or in the hands of the collectors 157,606 19 Revenue Office, November 29th, 1817. \ 5 T 514 Of the Revenues of the United States. General View of the state of the Collection of the Direct Tax of Three Millions of Dollars, imposed March 5th, 1816. Dolls. Cts. Amount of the tax 3,000,000 oo Add amount of direct tax imposed on the District of Columbia, 9,999 20 3,009,999 20 Amounts paid into the Treasury by the following states, viz : New-York 365,620 38 South Carolina 129,119 66 Georgia 80,756 02 Ohio 88,527 62 664,023 68 Deduction allowed 117,110 05 781,133 73 Leaving to be collected by the collectors . . . 2,228,865 47 Of this sum there is ascertained to have been collected, on the 31st of October, 1817 1,759,091 61 Amount remaining to be accounted for, consisting of taxes on non-residents' property transferred to the designated collec- tors, and not yet collected; of taxes on property purchased by the United States and unredeemed ; and of taxes uncol- lected, or in the hands of collectors 469,773 78 Revenue Office, JMbvember '29th, 1817. Of the Revenues of the United States. 515 STATEMENT Of the amounts of the. Direct Tax, received during the year 1816,- with the amount paid to the officers employed in tlie collection. STATES. New-Hampshire . . Massachusetts . . Vermont .... Rhode Island . . . Connecticut . . . New-York . . . New-Jersey . . . Pennsylvania . . . Delaware .... Maryland . . . . Virginia .... North Carolina . . Kentucky . . . . Tennessee . . . Louisiana . . . . District of Columbia Total Amounts receiv- ed by the col- lectors. Dolls. Cts. 106,861 48 566,826 62 104,123 00 56,950 12 159,048 11 3,670 07 99,796 14 706,192 50 47,143 18 233,494 22 705,840 47 398,922 85 340,755 62 205,097 38 20,656 58 13,166 68 Paid to the Trea- surer. 3,768,545 02 Dolls. Cts. 112,464 56 529,875 77 138,153 23 65,921 33 154,487 60 2,011 06 93,435 21 664,398 07 40,408 87 204,817 42 638,281 27 371,306 17 318,857 68 195,696 76 17,890 50 12,645 82 3,560,651 32 Add amount of extra allowances by the President, properly chargeable to the collection of the Direct Tax Add amount of allowances under the 2d section of the act of 3d March, 1815, pro- perly chargeable to the collection of the Direct Tax Being five and three-tenths per cent, on the amount paid into the Treasury. Revenue Office, J^ovember Z6th, 1817. Expenses of col- lection. DoUs Cts. 7,330 61 26,660 58 8,510 33 3,699 30 7,717 82 111 39 5,254 80 29,599 00 2,696 00 9,451 38 35,687 69 20,036 72 18,875 14 10,666 78 1,173 60 552 96 188,024 10 8,343 56 4,398 00 200,765 66 5 lt> Of the Revenues of the United States. XII. Of the Fees on Letters Patent granted by the United States. Congi-ess has power " to promote the progress of science and the useful arts, by securing, for Umited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries."(*8) In 1790,(90) an act was passed to promote the progress of the usefiil arts. In 11 9S,^^^^ the act of 1790 was repealed, and the following provisions were enacted, viz: every citizen of the United States, who wishes to obtain a patent for an alleged invention or discovery, is required to present a petition to the Secretary of State, in which is signified his desire of obtaining an exclusive pro- perty in the same, and that a patent may be gi^anted therefor ; after which, the Secretary aforesaid, may cause " letters patent to be made out in the name of the United States, bearing teste by the President of the United States, reciting the allegations and suggestions of the said petition, and giving a short descrip- tion of the said invention or discovery, and thereupon granting to such peti- tioner, or petitioners, his, her, or their heirs, administrators, or assigns, for a term not exceeding fourteen years,^^^) the fiiU and exclusive right and Uberty of making, constructing, using, and vending to others to be used, the said inven- tion or discovery." Persons, who improve original patented discoveries or inventions, are not at liberty to make, use, or vend the original discovery ; nor can the first inventor use the improvement. Simply changing the form or the proportions of any ma- cliines, or composition of matter, in any degree, is not deemed a discovery. " Every inventor, before he can receive a patent, must swear or affirm, that he does verily beheve that he is the true inventor or discoverer of the art, ma- chine, or improvement for which he sohcits a patent." Explanatory drawings, and specimens of the ingredients made use of, must be presented to be filed and deposited in the Office of State ; and models must accompany the petitions, in cases where the Secretaiy of State deems them to be necessary. Patent rights may be fuUy transfenxd by the inventor, his heirs, executoi-s, administrators or assigns. Thirty dollars must be paid into the Treasury, by every inventor before he presents his petition to the Secretary of State. For every copy, of any paper respecting any patent that has been granted ; twenty cents must be paid for (89) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. viii. cl. 8. (90) Act 10th April, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 34. (91) Act 21st February, 1793, vol. ii. ch. 156. (99, In a few instances. Congress, by special acts, have extended the first term allowed to the patentees. Of the Revenues of the United States. 517 every copy sheet of one hundred words, and two dollars for every drawing. The monies aforesaid, are directed to be passed to the account of clerk hire in the office of the Secretary of State. In 1800,(^3^ all the rights and privileges given to citizens of the United States, in relation to inventions and discoveries, by the act of the 2 1st of February, 1793, were extended and given to all aliens, "who, at the time of petitioning in the manner prescribed by the said act, shall have resided for two years within the United States ;(8*) these privileges are obtained, used, and enjoyed, by such persons, in as fuU and ample manner, and under the same conditions, limi- tations, and restrictions, as by the said act is provided and directed in the case of citizens of the United States." Every person applying for the rights and privi- teges aforesaid, must make oath or affirm, that the invention, art or discovery, for which he solicits a patent, hath not, to the best of his knowledge, been known or used either in this or any foreign country. Every patent obtained for any mvention, art or discovery, which it shall afterwards appear, had been known or used previous to the application therefor, is utterly void. In case of the death of persons applying for patents, before the same have been issued, the right devolves on their legal representatives in trust, ^c. Per- sons who infringe the rights of patentees, are liable to heavy pecuniaiy penalties. The right to issue patents in the United States is not discretionary ; they must be granted upon oath being made by the applicants according to law. The patent ought not to be considered as an evidence of the originality or utility of the invention ; it only confirms the patentee in that which is bona fide his origi- nal invention or discovery ; for supposed infringement of his patent, he must have recourse to the decision of a jury. The papers of the applicants for patents, may be transmitted, fi-ee of postage, to the Secretary of State ; the freight of all the models must be paid for by the proprietor. An extensive building in the city of Washington, has been appropri- ated for the exhibition of these demonstrations of the genius of our people ; to this the admission is free of expense, (93) Act 17th April, 1800; vol. iii. ck. 179. (94) Special acts of Congress have been passed, to allow aliens to obtain patents, though they had not previously resided for two years within the United States ; to obtain these, petitions must be laid before Congress. 5 U 518 Of the Revenues of the United States. From the 3lst July, 1790, to the 3lst December, 1811, 1,613 patents were issued. In 1812 237 1813 179 1814 207 1815 166 1816 201 1817 . , 173 2,776 The gross amount of the fees for patents granted, from the com- mencement of the establishment to the 3 1st Decem- ber, 1811, was Dolls. 49,110 00 In 1812 6,660 00 1813 • 5,880 00 1814 6,090 00 Dolls. 67,740 00 XIII. Of Loans. The loans obtained for the United States are authorised by special acts of Congress ; in these the sum to be borrowed, the rate of the interest, the period of redemption and every other particular, are enumerated. Considerable sums have been borrowed from individuals at home and in fo- reign countries ; the banks within the United States, have frequently advanced those required for temporary purposes ; more especially the late Bank of the United States, in whose charter it was provided, that the loans to the United States should not exceed 100,000 dollars, and those made to any foreign prince or state were limited to 50,000 dollars, unless otherwise authorised by an act of Congress. The Bank of the United States performed many transactions for the government. In 179 1,^^') the Bank was estabUshed; the corporation was hmited to twenty years, and expired on the 4th of March, 1811. The capital stock of the Bank was ten millions of dollars, divided into twenty- five thousand shares, at four hundred dollars each. Of the amount aforesaid, two millions orjoUars were subscribed on behalf of the United States, and paid for (95) Act 25th February, 1791; vol. ii. ch. 84. Of the Revenues of the United States. 519 out of monies authorised to be borrowed under acts of the 4th of March and 12th of August, 1790. The subscription of the United States, was paid in ten equal annual instalments. The subscriptions on the part of individuals or bodies politic, were not allowed to exceed one thousand shares. These subscriptions were paid in four equal semi-annual instalments ; one-fourth thereof was paid in gold or silver, and the remaining three-fourths in that part of the pubUc debt Avhich, at the time of payment, bore an accruing interest of six per centum per amium.^^^) The Bank kept the public monies in safety, transmitted them from different parts of the United States, and collected the revenues arising on foreign mer- chandise imported, for which several acts no charge was made to the govern- ment. The institution derived considerable advantages from the government deposits, as no interest was allowed for any of the balances remaining in the vaults. The affairs of the institution were managed by a board of twenty-five directors, annually chosen by the stockholders ; and the directors made choice of one of the board for the President of the Bank. The first election for directors was directed to be held, as soon as 400,000 dollars were actually received in gold and silver, on account of the subscriptions. The resident stockholders were allowed to vote by proxy ; no person, unless he was a citizen of the United States, could be elected a director ; and no director, except the President, received a compensation for his services. Seven directors constituted a board for the trans- action of business. The corporation was not permitted, at any time, to owe, in debts of any kind, more than ten millions of dollars, over and above the monies actually deposited in the bank for safe keeping. They were allowed to dispose of any part of the pubUc debt, whereof the capital stock was composed ; but they were not per- mitted to purchase any pubUc debt whatever. The directors were authorised to establish offices of discount and deposit, within the United States ; the Bank was placed in Philadelphia, with a capital of 4,700,000 dollars; the following branches were authorised, viz: (96) By the act of the 2d of March, 1791 ; vol. ii. ch. 85, the first payment of the six per cent, stock might be deferred until the first Monday in January, 1792; and such part of the debt of the United States as was funded at three per cent, per annum, was also made receivable in payment of the subscrip- tions to the Bank. Of the eight millions of dollars subscribed by individuals, two millions were paid ih specie, and six millions in six per cent, stock. 700,000 I Qollars. 1,800,000 do. 600,000 do. 200,000 do. 600,000 do. 600,000 do. 500,000 do. 300,000 do. 5,300,000 to which add 4,700,000 10,000,000 dollars. 520 Of the Revenues of the United States. 1. In Boston, with a capital of 2. New-York do. 3. Baltimore do. 4. City of Washington do. 5. Norfolk (Virg.) do. 6. Charleston (S. C.) do. 7. Savannah do. 8. New-Orleans do. the capital reserved in Philadelphia, makes, The officer at the head of the Treasury department of the United States, might require weekly statements of the transactions of the Bank, to be made to him. The notes of the corporation, payable on demand in gold or silver, were re- ceived in all payments to the United States. ("'> During the continuance of the corporation, no other Bank was to be esta- blished by any future law of the United States. The shares which belonged to the government of the United States, amounted to five thousand, of which, two thousand four hundred and ninety-three, were sold in 1796 and 1797, at an advance of twenty-five per centum ; in 1797, two hundred and eighty-seven shares were sold at an advance of twenty per centum, and the remaining two thousand two hundred and twenty shares were sold in 1802, at an advance of forty-five per centum.f^*> The sales aforesaid gave to the United States a profit of 671,860 dollars, exclusively of the dividends. In 1816,(3'> (97) This provision was repealed by an act passed on the 19th of March, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 366. (98) By the act of 31st May, 1796, the commissioners of the sinking fund were authorised to sell as many of the shares, belonging to the government, of the capital stock of the bank, as they might think pro- per for the payment of certain debts of the United States. Individuals have sold the stock of this bank, at an advance of fifty per centum. The following prices are quoted from Hope's Philadelphia Price Current, viz : In 1805, January, 40 per cent, advance; 1805, July, 26 per cent, advance. 1806, do. 30 do. 1806, 1807, do. 38 do. 1807, 1808, do. 19 do. 1808, 1809, do. 26 do. 1809, (99) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 25th January, 1816. do. 38 do. do. 22 do. do. 22 do. do. 26 do. Of the Revenues of the United States. 521 the following sums were stated to have been received into the Treasury of the United States, from the sales of the Bank stock Dolls. 2,671,860 For dividends on ditto 1,101,720 Dolls. 3,773,580 The greater part of the six per cent, stock which composed the capital stock of the Bank, was subsequently disposed of; apart of it was reimbursed by the government; in 1809, the Bank returned only 2,231,598 dollars of it. In 1809,(*°°> about eighteen thousand shares of the capital stock of the Bank were held by foreigners who resided without the United States ; the stock- holders within the United States, had the exclusive control of the institution, and they owned only seven thousand shares thereof. The following Statement slwws the Dividends declared from 1792 to 1809. YEARS. Rate per cent. YEARS. Hate pel- cent. July, 1792 . January, 1793 July . . . January, 1794 July . . . January, 1795 July . . . January, 1796 July . . . January, 1797 July . . . January, 1798 July . . . January, 1799 July . . . January, 1800 July . . . 4 4 3f 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 January, 1801 July . . . January, 1802 July : . . January, 1803 July . . . January, 1804 July . . . January, 1805 July . . . January, 1806 July . . . January, 1807 July . . . January, 1808 July . . . January, 1809 6 4 41 4^ 4 4 4 4 4 4 6. '4 4 4 4 The average annual dividends declared from the commencement of the esta- blishment, to January, 1809, inclusive, amounted to eight and two-thirds or eight and thirteen thirty-fourths per centum. (100) Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 2d March, 1809, 5 X 522 Of the Revenues of the United States. Since the dissolution of this Bank, the stockholders received payment in the following instalments, viz : On the 1st of June, 1812, 70 per cent, of the capital stock. 1st of October, 1812, 18 do. 1st of April, 1813, 7 do. 3d of April, 1815, 5 do. which together made . . . lOO per centum. or the original par value thereof On the 28th of February, 1817, a further di- vidend of 4 per cent, or sixteen dollars on each share of the capital stock, was declared, and was paid in the month of Apiil following ; another dividend will be made, the amount whereof is not ascertained. On the 4th of March, 1816, it was stated, that of the notes issued by the Bank and its several branches, there remained in circulation, viz : Of post and bank notes Dolls. 76,603 bank notes 140,557 Dolls. 217,160 Of these many may have been destroyed or lost, and cannot be presented for payment. Many persons viewed a dissolution of the late Bank of the United States, as a national calamity ; it was asserted, that a general bankruptcy must follow that event. The fact was otherwise; every branch of industiy continued uninter- mpted ; no failures in the mercantile community were attributable to that occur- rence. It is probable, that some embarrassments might have taken place, if the state Banks could not have supplied the want of the late Bank of the United States. Of the Revenues of the United States. 52H 03 u u m CO -cf a.> -4-^ a t) 2 OOOOiOWO b, 1 ,i 00OO»--5O'OO|c0 = K lO_ ■* CO -^ K Q iDooooKoeo i-H " 'J'k^OOOllOl^t^ 01 t-H tH Tf T-( ,-( ■* 1 00 CO 1— 1 Q Dolls. Cts. 28,982 00 142,000 00 193,067 51 3,057 03 to ^^ to m II Dolls. Cts. 175,766 00 320,000 00 480,504 00 383,543 72 160,426 06 70,156 26 73,000 00 21,734 79 CO 00 CO 1^ ■o" 00 to_ 1~f 1 1 s » rH rf Tf rr 00 lo y oooooooiorr-*oo ooo>oinco>oo>0505 « dcoG^coo^i-ioG^ao 1= «3 CO rH ©1 00 >-c m K to Q CO to" 0" of 00 of rJ Oq ■* OrH rH to b^ rHCOrHt-l-^t»OlK(0 10 rH ■*" fj ■* 00 rH to" rH lO rH § n Dolls. Cts. 71,500 00 149,929 86 to 00 a> ■*. r-T Bills and Notes in suit. Dolls. Cts. 21,982 20 43,118 34 89,063 62 to to tH ■*" h n ==3 a a> rt '1' •* 6t 00 >o Q OOOOOtOtjqOiTl'OO O00lO«5rHi.,«,(J)05 oS OitOG^tOrHO^rHMOO — lOcOtOlNOOJtOKtO a coto ta d'o'^f rt"GQ"r-r W GJ to 0> K rH K rHCOOrHtOtOKKtO 10" rH •^" r^ CO <3i lO Philadelphia, 1st January, 1811, Boston, 22d December, 1810, New-York, 29th December, 1810, Baltimore, do. Washington, do. Norfolk, 22d December^ 1810, Charleston, 15th December, 1810, Savannah, do. New-Orleans, 24th November, 1810, "* 0> to K t-i CO o w o o o oq b- '* 0> 0> to to 00 O! O K to to r« C3 0> lO ■* O to 00 rr" oq rJ to Oq rH rH CO CO Oq rH CO >0 (SO KO »^ ^ rH CO tn CM ©1 CO CO •* "O O) v^ (v. bCw" en T-^ 1-1 > o ■a 3 S ® •a a J^ -g § S l«« o oS t. u ^ S ^ o^ to ^tr. U 43 o o 5> 01 a 13 01 ■d o a) fl •12 • • " '^■^ 3 ° n t« [^ g s S S — 3 tH o ° Ph o § =« m J" ;.! SO .M t. o .2 "m ■3 o a Quo; S a " § S fe ly S 33 o rH 00 u at a ■d -4-» '3 -a ^ fc. tt! ^ 01 1) IS J= .5 a Ul '5 r, CI b a S a bi P- 5 kj a J3 i: (D ■^3 60 a T3 « -^^ is -t-* =i a fi en .5 5 1 j=-d CO cd u (35 ed CO ° rH"iJ 1 I-H rH 125 ..a 30 ■i4 ^ U bDO f =5 s^g 524 Of the Revenues of the United States. Cm O OS A o ^« .■tt f!^ X^ !« '% (1> x sIh CJ H ?§ 03 w i-c 00 o> 00 TC M- •5 iiiiiiin 5D u ■* ■E *§ .2 »c . s to a Trt OT CO >^ -3 W 00 cf 2 S of S^ s^ F-l *- g oca(N«5woo?»-ioo OC'3'VTJ'OOM'tO'^W rH OTKOOOiOtO.-O'* b- a> K01«aii-c0500KO o .» 00 i-lTfOOOO >r> ^ 5 00 KOOtOOOO l-H u ^ 00 |©(>o©!0'n'o f-H 5i l^-J loitOtOO©!^ ■* , into o»^oo 1^ •* B r- C> Tf -V^^ Cf3_ CT 'f >^ 0>'— 'to'oto'co'tD i-H ■* ^ "o K to K <0 ■* 00 ft 05 <1> f^ 00 H t^CJCS-^tOOl— lOOTl" ' CT OltO'O'-^t^KtOW ©5, i-^oooTooGJtnirroooi OOcO^Oi-''-^cocDOi 00 "5 Q 0i-i0»>-i^b»0>»^'0 >o = Q n A M •> rr i-^ CO 1-t '^ n T-t © 00 "-1 ^4 -§^-1 -§§-§-§ to bd 0d V ^Kcj22'«§Si* >o »-< *. at « a . a 2 "t^ ?? -til o-c JJ :S pq » PP ^ ^ U CO iz; mpq a o e o a 00 a u c a;! 01 5 SQ !h-? Of the Revenues of the United States. 525 \ \ EC 1—1 J3 I- 03 ^ »-i (U iS >| VjH f^ o -^6 « ^ latest cretary (U (U ,J=! GO -^ .s^ h .•y rQ 1^ exhib ;eived E4 H §§ £ < ?r '"^ H -s- so 3 3 CO ^ t3 nS 00> •0-HOiH©lWb.Wl-H CD o i J3 0050k.05th 00 o o rt of d ^ OS »OT-Hi-(00-^OOCOtOK. G^T-Hi-HCTOO^OiGOOO TfO<-lKco«)OOTl<05 OOO'^OO^CTCOOO (N o'icrooTfor«5fi-r«3'r4' tDO!K.00CTT-io>O)^ ■OCOOO >Ot-C^i-I« sOf CO CO o o o O O O CO 00 O O O ©J b» »o o o T-1 1— I to O to CTJ OT K. O 00 05 »^ = ©"i-ToTwrto O »-l ©! G? I I Tjii-»o>oo>n50coco>o CN-*o©i>nKoto>o O'J'K.-lOCOlOi-iT-i OtrjT-ioOiOO'^OsO cno-^G^oo^^-^totoK cfi-Hiooii^lo'tOOiCD' O)'*(NOiOi-HC0Tf«3 CO CO (O i-H tH i-I < n ^ooooooooo '-<>r>ogjO00 v § * o 00 CO CO CO o CO £31 a> <3? en ^ . « o ca -fl ^5 _o o o o ■^ "^ "TS T3 a> 2 2 o Sn •1 ■■ ;?; M 1? jz; o ^ ;?; s=st: a go 3 g ^ cd u pqpq H5 5 Y 526 Of the Revenues of the United States. 00 u o o o o o i I CO 00 00 m CO o CO 0« 0« m o iri" o to O 00 Ol 00 0» 05 Tf (Jl 01_ CO Tf oT -^ o CM en o 05^ i-T to § S 2 -g > f3 ;g % pq a o 9 si -a a •B c» ■■e -S O eS „ J4 g O M ^ •«s u j3 .a .2 =« a « I— • 'I-" ,^ .t5 « g u Is; Q CO Cu O) a § PQ _ *■ ■B o 3) I CO PU .B a A. O a " CO oq o •* CO O) ^ «( o DoUs. 4.578, o oc Tof Q o oo 1-H o o rf o Q 00 « ^ CO •* CO o ". OJ, ■^ c? •* 1-4 i-t lO 1-1 GO i-H h- of Cm • O • ■ 1 o • 1 CO o ■§ -S +» 03 ■5 a -a o e> o 5 • ^ S a •a !>-. V t ^ i n9 o 1 a ..o i c3 1 • ^H o a > ,»" P h^ ta O H CI 00 00 CN O »^ ^ b>. »^ ©« CO >o lO CO o? o 2 o K in K 1-1 ■* 1-1 1^ CO Tf CO 00 m CO o ■<1* c« a a O -a p ;z; 3 (» .2 W a- S •« PS Of the Rcoenues of the United States. 527 In 1816/'°*) another Bank was established under the authority of Congress. The capital stock is limited to thirty-five millions of dollars, divided into three hundi'ed and fifty thousand shares, of the value of one hundred dollars each. The corporation is to continue until the 3d of March, 1836. Seven millions of dollars, or seventy thousand shares of the capital stock, were subscribed for on behalf of the United States, and 28,000,000 dollars, or two hundred and eighty thousand shares, by individuals, companies or corporations. No individual, company, corporation or state was allowed to subscribe for more than three thousand shares, unless the sum of 28,000,000 dollars should not be subscribed for, during the period allowed to receive the subscriptions in the seve- ral states ; in such case any individual, company or corporation was allowed to subscribe for any number of shares, not exceeding in the whole, the amount required to complete the sum of 28,000,000 dollars. At the opening of the subscription, the Secretary of the Treasury subscribed for seventy thousand shares, on behalf of the United States ; for which payment might be made in gold or silver coin, or in stock of the United States, bearing an interest of five per centum per annum, to be paid quarter yearly, and the principal to be reimburseable at the pleasure of the United States. f'°'') The direc- tors of the Bank were authorised to sell the stock aforesaid, for gold or silver coin, or bullion, provided no more than 2,000,000 dollars should be disposed of in any one year. In 1816, the subscriptions for the 28,000,000 dollars, commenced on the 1st of July, and were closed on the 23d of the same month, in a piincipal town or city in each of the states, respectively, under the superintendence of commissioners, appointed by the President of the United States. The payments for the subscriptions aforesaid, were made in three instalments as foUows, viz: at the time of subscribing there was paid five dollars on each share, in gold or silver coin, and twenty-five dollars more in coin, or in the funded debt of the United States ; at the expiration of six calendar months, the further sum of ten ioUars on each share, were paid in gold or silver coin, and twenty-five doUars m^re in coin, or in the funded debt aforesaid; and at the expiration of twelve caleri&r months, the fiirther sum of ten dollars on each share, m gold or silver Join, and ^^enty-five dollars more in coin, or in the fimded debt aforesaid. The fimdeoL debt paid by individuals on account of their subscriptions, was received at the rates following, viz : such as bore an interest of six per centum (106) Act 10th April, 1^16. (107) For the payment &W^ mentioned, 7,000,000 dollars of five per centum stock was created, as will be more particularly stated iit^^'^^ chapter on the Public Debt. 528 Of the Revenues of the United States. per annum, at the nominal or par value thereof; that bearing an interest of three per centum per annum, at the rate of 65 for every 100 dollars of the no- minal amount thereof; that bearing an interest of seven per centum per annum, at the rate of 106 dollars and 51 cents, for every 100 dollars of the nominal amount thereof, together with the amount of interest accrued thereon, to be computed and allowed to the time of subscribing. The funded debt paid by individuals as aforesaid, was redeemable at the plea- sure of the government. (1°*) The Bank was allowed to sell the same for gold or silver coin, or bullion, provided not more than 2,ooo,ooo doUars should be disposed of in any one year, and that the amounts to be sold within the United States, should be previously offered to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the cur- rent price, not exceeding the rates above mentioned. The corporation cannot hold more effects whatever than 55,000,000 dollars, including the amount of the capital stock. The affairs of this institution are managed by twenty-five directors, five of whom are annually appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate ; twenty of the directors are chosen annually, by the stockholders, in the city of Philadelphia. No director of any other Bank is allowed to be a director of the Bank of the United States. The President of the United States has the power to remove any of the directors appointed by the government. The directors annually elect one of their number to be the President of the Bank. No director, except the President,('°^) is allowed a com- pensation for his services ; seven directors constitute a board for the transaction of business. None but resident citizens of the United States are allowed to be directors. As soon as 8,400,000 dollars, in gold and silver coin, and in the funded debt, were actually received on account of the subscriptions to the capital of the Bank, exclusively of the subscription made on behalf of the United States, the commis- sioners at Philadelphia were directed to notify the time and place, when and where an election was to be held for the directors of the corporation. The corporation is not permitted to owe, at any time, in debts of any kifld whatever, over and above the debts due for money deposited in the ^hk, a sum exceeding 35,000,000 dollars, unless previously allowed by a J^w of the United States. (108) The funded debt held by the Bank of the United States, was purchased on account of the com- missioners of the sinking fund, in 1817". See statement postea. (109) The annual salary of the President is 7,500 dollars, and the same to the Cashier. Of the Revenues of the Ujiited States. 529 The corporation cannot directly or indirectly, deal in any thing except bills of exchange, gold or silver bullion, or in the sale of goods really pledged for money lent, and not redeemed in due time, or goods which shall be the pro- ceeds of its lands ; nor is it allowed to purchase any Public Debt whatever, and the rate of interest upon its loans or discounts is limited to six per centum per annum. It cannot loan to the United States exceeding 500,000 dollars, or to any particular state exceeding 50,000 dollars, or to any foreign prince or state, unless previously authorised by a law of the United States. It may under its seal make bills obligatory and of credit, provided every such bill or other obligation, shall not be less in amount than 5,000 dollar. Half yearly dividends '^^*'') are directed to be made of so much of the profits of the Bank, as shall appear to the directors adviseable. The directors may establish offices of discount and deposit, one of them to be in the District of Columbia, whenever authorised by a law of the United States ; also one in any state, in which two thousand shares have been subscribed or are held, whenever, upon apphcation of the legislature of such state, Con- gress may by law require the same. The directors are not bound to establish any such office, before the whole amount of the capital shall have been paid up ; and they are authorised to establish such oflRces any where within the United States, or the territories thereof; or in lieu of such offices they may employ other Banks, to be first approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, at such places as they may think proper, to transact the business of the coi-poration.C^O The officer at the head of the Treasuiy Department, may require weekly statements of the affairs of the Bank, the account of any private individual al- ways excepted. No stockholder, who is not a citizen of the United States, can vote for du'ec- (110) In July, 1817, the directors declared a dividend equal to 2.60 per cent, on each share, or 4 per cent, on the amount paid in; on the 5th of January, 1818, a dividend of 4 per cent, on the capital stock, and in July, 1818, a like dividend of 3 and an half per cent, were declared. In September, 1817, shares were sold at an advance of 56 per centum; in January, 1818, they were sold at 53 per cent, advance; in February, 1818, at 46 per cent, advance, and in July, 1818, sales were made at 26 per cent, advance. (111) In 1817, the following branches were established, viz: one at Portsmouth, (N. H.); one at Providence (R. I.) ; one at Middletown, (Con.) ; one at Boston ; one at New-York ; one at Baltimore ; one at Wash- ington; one at Richmond, and one at Norfolk, (Vir.); one at Charleston; one at Savannah; one at New- Orleans; one at Lexington, and one at Louisville, (K.); one at Cincinnati, and one at Chilicothe, (Ohio); one at Pittsburgh, (Penn.) ; one at Fayetteville, (N. C.) ; and one at Augusta, (Georgia). 5 Z 530 Of the Revenues of the United States. tors; the following scale exhibits the number of the votes to which stockholders are entitled, according to the shares they own, viz: 1 share to l vote 4 shares to 2 votes 6 8 10 14 18 22 26 30 36 42 48 54 60 1 vote 68 shares to , . . . 16 votes 2 votes 76 . . 17 3 84 . . 18 4 92 . . 19 5 100 . . 20 6 110 . . 21 7 120 . . 22 8 130 . . 23 9 140 . . 24 10 150 . . 25 11 160 . . 26 12 170 . . 27 13 180 . . 28 14 190 . . 29 15 200 . . 30 No person, copartnership or body politic is entitled to more than thirty votes. No notes of less amount than five dollars, are allowed to be issued ; such of the notes as are made payable on demand are receivable in all payments to the United States, until otherwise directed by an act of Congress. The Secretary of the Treasury may require the corporation to give the neces- sary facilities for transferring the public funds from place to place, within the United States, and for distributing the same in payment of the pubUc creditors, without charging commissions or claiming allowance on account of difference of exchange ; the corporation is also to perform the several and respective duties of the commissioners of loans for the several states, or any one or more of them, whenever required by law. The monies or ftmds of the United States, in places where the Bank or its branches are situated, are deposited therein, unless otherwise directed by the Secretary of the Treasury ; in which case he is to assign his reasons for such order to Congress, immediately if in session, if not in session, immediately after the commencement of the next session. The corporation is not allowed at any time to suspend or refuse payment in gold and silver of any of its notes, bills or oliligations ; nor of any monies re- ceived on deposit in the Bank, or in any of its offices of discount and deposit. Of the Revenues of the United States. 531 In case the corporation shall at any time neglect or refuse to pay on demand any of its bills, notes or obligations according to the contract therein expressed, or shall neglect or refuse to pay on demand any monies received on deposit, in every case the person holding said note, biU or obligation, or who may be enti- tled to xeceive the monies deposited as aforesaid, shall be entitled to recover and receive interest on the said bills, notes or obligations, or monies, until the same shall be fully paid, at the rate of twelve per centum per annum, from the time of the demand of payment : Provided, that Congress may at any time enact laws to enforce and regulate the recovery of the amount of the notes, bills, obliga- tions or other debts, of which payment had been refused as aforesaid, with the rate of interest above mentioned, vesting jurisdiction for that purpose in any courts, either of law or equity, of the United States or territories thereof, or of the several states, as they may deem expedient. It is declared felony to forge or counterfeit, or to cause to be forged or coun- terfeited, the notes or bills of the Bank ; any person convicted thereof is liable to imprisonment, and to be kept at hard labour for not less than three, nor more than ten years ; or he may be imprisoned not exceeding ten years, and be fined not exceeding five thousand dollars. No other Bank is to be established by any law of Congress, during the con- tinuance of this corporation. Congress reserved the right to renew the charters of the Banks authorised within the District of Columbia, or to authorise other Banks within said district, the capital of which, in the whole, must not exceed six millions of dollars. In consideration of the exclusive privileges and benefits conferred upon this corporation, they are to pay to the United States, out of the corporation fiinds, the sum of 1,500,000 dollars, in three equal payments, as follows, viz: 500,000 dollars at the expiration of two years, 500,000 dollars at the expiration of three years, and 500,000 dollars at the expiration of four years, after the Bank com- menced its operations.("2) A committee of Congress is authorised, at all times, to examine the books and proceedings of the Bank, and to report whether the provisions of the char- ter have been violated ; whenever a committee shall report such violation, or the President of the United States has reason to believe that the charter has been violated, Congress may direct, or the President may order a scire facias to be issued out of the Circuit Court of the District of Pennsylvania, in the name of the United States, (which shall be executed upon the President of the corpo- (112) The operation of the Bank was commenced on the 31st of December, 1816. 532 Of the Revenues of the United States. ration for the time being,) at least fifteen days before the commencement of the said term of said court, calling on the said corporation to show cause wherefore the charter granted shall not be declared forfeited; and it shall be lawful for the said court, upon the return of the said sdre facias, to examine into the truth of the alleged violation, and if such violation be made appear, then to pronounce and adjudge that the said charter is forfeited and annulled : Provided, however, every issue of fact which may be joined between the United States and the cor- poration, shall be tried by jury. It shall be lawful for the court aforesaid, to re- quire the production of such of the books of the corporation as it may deem necessary for the ascertainment of the controverted facts ; and the final judgment of the court aforesaid, shall be examinable in the Supreme Court of the United States, by writ of error, and may be reversed or affirmed according to the usages of law. The follmving Statement shows the number of Subscribers, and the number and value of the Shares subscribed far at the places appointed by law in the States, respectively, for receiving the Subscriptions to the present Bank of the United States. TOWNS. Number of the Subscribers. Portland, (Massachusetts) Portsmouth, (New-Hampshire) Boston Providence, (Rhode-Island) Middletown, (Connecticut) Burlington, (Vermont) New -York . . . . New-Brunswick, (New-Jersey) Philadelphia . . . . W^ilmington, (Delaware) . Baltimore . . . . Richmond, (Virginia) Lexington, (Kentucky) Cincinnati, (Ohio) Raleigh, (North Carolina) Nashville, (Tennessee) Charleston, (South Carolina) Augusta, (Georgia) New-Orleans (»") Washington City Number of Shares. 22 14 364 144 2,474 2 2,641 84 3,566 1,078 15,610 1,287 710 707 266 14 1,588 102 45 619 31,337 2,036 1,206 24,023 7,419 5,873 63 20,012 1,302 88,784 4,706 40,141 16,987 9,587 4,700 2,583 536 25,986 8,263 3,085 82,708 Value of the Shares. 350,000 Dolls. 203,600 120,600 2,402,300 741,900 587,300 6,300 2,001,200 130,200 8,878,400 470.600 4,014,100 1,698,700 958,700 470,000 258,300 53,600 2,598,600 826,300 308,500 8,270,800 35,000,000 (113) The subscription at the City of Washington, includes the 70,000 shares subscribed, by the Secre- tary of the Treasury, on behalf of the Government. Of the Revenues of the United States. 533 A STATEMENT Of the Funded Debt of the United States, received on account of the respective instalments to the capital of the Bank of the United States, and of the disposition thereof. Six per cents. Three per cents. Seven per cents. Old Six per cents. Deferreil Six per cents. Received on account of the 1st in- stalment Received on account of the 2d in- stalment Received on account of the 3d in- stalment Dolls. Cta. 6,173,878 46 5,127,949 64 442,250 34 Dolls. Cts. 1,092,109 19 1,136,725 14 165,107 45 Dolls. Cts. 65,221 52 232,925 62 35,167 46 Dolls. Cts. 38,217 36 335,707 06 340,622 29 Dolls. Cts. 23,006 54 135,649 05 42,427 81 11,744,078 44 2,393,941 78 333,314 60 714,546 71 201,083 40 Of the above there has been re- deemed by the United States a")Sold in London In possession of the Bank of the United States, redeemable at the will of the government 9,427,489 11 2,000,000 00 316,589 33 2,253,221 45 140,720 S3 332,984 60 330 00 374,196 35 340,350 36 158,764 31 42,319 09 11,744,078 44 2,393,941 78 333,314 60 714,546 71 201,083 40 (114) This sum pledged in London for the purpose of procuring specie for the Bank and sold there, redeemable at the periods stated in the certificates of the said stock; but as the Secretary of the Trea- sury, in behalf of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, claimed the right of redemption at the will of the government, the Bank, in conformity to a compromise proposed by the Secretary of the Treasury in behalf of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, did purchase, as the agent of the said Commissioners, an equal amount of similar stock and delivered the same at the par value thereof, the Bank paying the difference between the par value and the actual cost of the said stock, conditioned that the terms of re- demption of the two millions sold in London, should be according to the periods stated in the certificates thereof, which agreement has been duly confirmed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Bank of the United States, April 9, 1818. 6 A 534 Of the Revenues of the United States. to CO to CO «2 2iQ 8 CJ £ ti. t^ a? to- o 0) ■tt a 1^ '■P s t .a s 1 a 1 .3 '-2 >• u s, en O 1 1 Cm % -0 CO 4) c» •c 1 4) S3 CO s en -*-S (3 s a ;^ 4> >■ CO £ CO c3 CO ^co 4) -M cS ■g ■d . al ■£g -3 CO a -So a to a a s, '£ c2 *^ OJ CO !~, g 00 1 4> Cm a -3 41 -M £ ii I.l ^ c« 0.2 '^ i p." ia,CM t8 Cm Si i g,' 0) 0) ci: 4) -S t 1 S g- 1 a 41 4> 41 1- U cn -S a 0) p. 1 t •d g 1 s 2 ■S 2 4) £ Cm CO 4) a Sh 4> 1 1- 43 1 1 "3 o S XI r$ 4) 4) J3 4) -d T3 4) 4> -0 4> J2 ^ « 2 ■p S ^ 4) -d XI ^ 43 'o -P "* U £ ri en H H H fe H H H H H H H fe H H H H cn a. J en 41 u c2 £ 1 • ■S co lo -2 00 00 Cm Cm 00 4J g 1 CO 41 1 ett 43 3 3 ■3 1 sa g '3 ^ t3 -M a^ 'a 1 ■d 3 S CM ■d -2 a 43 > £ 1 St 2 1-H rt 1 Cm n3 4> -d 41 ■3 1 43 1 Urn o J3 c Cm -*- S •4J •5 5S a; Cm 0) tp ■3 43 O CO g 5 CO ■a 3 i -2 s 3 5 1 •73 41 CO 3 to 41 a £ 3 ft. .5 £ 3 i 0? 00 Cm 43 'S 0) a CO ■d ?s ^ 4> e» 4) <£ £. *e3 o ■g :5 2 5 <3 ■ft n T3 § c3 4) 5 S fl Q ft 'S > u s "p. S 5 S a (-1 c2 3 en tS 43 (4-1 o 5 4) XI X -l-i 41 '3 -4^ 3 ■p. 43 ^ < H <: H < -a S 5 £ i s g s •^1. £ i 2 G 03 cn ;^ -; :3 3 9 3 — __ •— 3 o> ^ a 'S c: ^ c2 ^ d e a a '2 c = a k > OS s u X 3 cc! a u D- r. ""S "Si i J3 s to en 3 a a u s +3 ■q a CJ I. / g u 1 S 4> +s a a; 4} CO -*-3 a n Q 13 u to CO a c^ 4) ca *o 4> Ph CO «5 (5 -0" a; s a 1 s CI J3 s. 4) 4> Ph III 4> a & o "-/a >o iz; >o J? c » ■ o ■S.H c ■* i CO 0" i2 o a w 2 * O , en 00 J ^ 01 § » E Q Q c» 2 »^ CO -0 CO w ■* m 5 o • O 0" 5 u 0" c? of CO 0" 0" 0" ■2" = 0" ■*" •1 0" C A^ ^^S ^•=0 w 1—1 w >o C£> "^^ tiC w s s| T— 1 of CO >o cc 0^ S- 00 S, CO CO >o tH ©) H e2 ■s CD <3> 1-H CO T— 1 K Ml T— ( CI M( r-1 1— t to en CO to i-H to K Ml 5 ■3 S »— ( TH 1-^ CJ 1 6/0 3 g° 6C -Si £ 1 &• &■ § 4? a 3 4) ■i [3 1 ^ § 43 a 3 a* <1 ■fl -^ P en tn '3 0) H '3 a) a) -M O o w tn a a -S ■a d o T3 d 0) 'S § d d o a. o t d -2 o CT IS S & td ^ 2 Eh _>^ "a, d en O H S S o o " 00 t3 '-' d .9 °* -*^ o en d « ». -4-> ;s.s "^ - ^-i -2.S "5 a) '^ 41 en -3 m d d^ l§ if CO ^1 o =i H -JS d a> d '•B d > 1 V o TS en d .2| g o d-d -O -, ,»^-H d CO o w en ;g -S o bs o ■4J O It' 2 « m ;-< I ^ d aj f d _rt -d d fe* 01 'a c8 2 r P«d '§ I O o o q <4-i a) 5 O, §^ .d a> aj d . d ;* c« o bD d ,5 H S.S.2 -♦-J en -^ en 4) 4) a;i t« J-" -d ^ a; ^ o • 42 -JJ en 2 xr S d ^13 J d => . '^ £ ^-^^■^ .^ 41 fc- '3 d o d si O d i d d s tX3 13 d Hi o J3 41 OO- -d a> 'd o a; ■d :S TO Ql '^^ 'd aj en d 4) >-a "El lo o .a 41 a) 2 1^ d o o i S Hi ■M ^ ■+J 4) 41 d 1 0) J3 d V 4j e g 1" 3 Pi d d d d cd T3 ed "3 aj o o 41 o d d d o Oh s d d d oj Li a; 5 S, -3 C -" O -d a:> ed d d d S3 -S « to 0) o -d d o d ni n H o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 00 1-H o o o o o § o in o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o B *f CO g o— 'to .SQ:3g o o o o o o p<^ ^ ^ ,.c, to o 0« 1— t o to o 00 fe- ^ en CO ^ 2 00 02 - 4,715,107 39 Dolls. 107,138.184 41 (115) YEARS. From Loans. Treasury Notes, (no) Total. 1812 1813 1814 1815 DoUb. Cts. 10,002,400 00 20,089,635 00 15,080,546 00 1,748,230 12 Dolls. Cts. 2,835,500 00 6,094,800 00 8,297,365 79 8,980,300 00 Dolls. Cts. 12,837,900 00 26,184,435 00 23,377,911 79 10,728,530 12 46,920,811 12 26,207,965 79 73,128,776 91 <116) The Treasury Notes will be specially treated of in the chapter on the Public Debt. Of the Revenues of the United States. 537 A GENERAL STATEMENT Of the Annual Receipts of the United States, from the commencement of the present Government, to the 31st of December, 1815, inclusive. YEAES. Customs. Internal Revenue. Amount otlmposts Duties on Spirits dis- Direct Tax. Postage of Let- Sales of Public Fees on Letters Amount total of and Tonnage. tilled, and othei- In- ternal Revenues. ters. Lands. r aicnx, I: ines. Penalties and Forfeitures. Internal Reve- nue. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1791 -4,399,472 99 .^ » __ 311 00 311 00 1792 3,443,070 85 208,942 81 — — — 118 00 209,060 81 1793 4,255,306 56 337,705 70 — 11,020 51 — 660 00 349,386 21 1794 4,801,065 28 274,089 62 — 29,478 49 — 570 00 304,138 11 1795 5,588,461 26 337,755 36 — 22,400 00 — 600 00 360,755 36 1796 6,567,787 94 475,289 60 — 72,909 84 4,836 13 1,380 00 554,415 57 1797 ^ 7,549,649 63 575,491 45 « — 64,500 00 83,540 60 1,816 00 725,348 05 1798 ■7,106,061 93 644,357 95 39,500 00 11,963 11 1,022 00 696,843 06 1799 6,610,449 31 779,136 44 — 41,000 00 — 17,711 81 837,848 25 1800 9,080,932 73 809,396 55 734,223 97 78,000 00 443 75 15,249 84 1,637,314 11 1801 10,750,778 93 1,048,033 43 534,343 38 79,500 00 167,726 06 3,950 54 1,833,553 41 1802 12,438,235 34 621,898 89 206,565 44 35,000 00 188,628 02 4,213 96 1,056,306 31 1803 10,479,417 61 215,179 69 71,879 20 16,427 26 165,675 69 4,240 00 473,401 84 1804 11,098,565 33 50,941 29 50,898 44 26,500 00 487,526 79 5,480 83 620,647 35 1805 12,936,487 04 21,747 15 21,882 91 21,342 50 540,193 80 3,079 42 608,245 78 1806 14,667,698 17 20,101 45 55,763 86 41,117 67 765,245 73 2,400 00 884,628 71 1807 15,845,521 61 13,051 40 34,732 56 3,614 73 466,163 27 5,643 62 523,205 58 1808 16,363,550 58 8,210 73 19,159 21 . — 647,939 06 4,860 00 680,169 00 1809 7,257,506 62 4,044 29 7,517 31 — 442,252 33 6,876 10 460,690 00 1810 8,583,309 31 7,430 68 12,448 68 — 696,548 82 7,460 15 696,888 33 1811 13,313,222 73 2,295 95 7,666 66 37 70 1,040,237 53 17,935 24 1,068,173 08 1812 8,958,777 53 4,903 06 859 22 85,039 70 710,427 78 7,898 95 809,128 63 1813 13,224,623 25 4,755 04 3,805 52 35,000 00 835,655 14 8,136 21 887,351 91 1814 5,998,772 08 ("'^,662,984 82 ("9)2,219,497 36 45,000 00 1,135,971 09 8,626 13 5,072,079 40 1815 7,282,942 22 ("8)4,678,059 07 2,162,673 41 135,000 10 1,287,959 28 5,850 00 8,269,541 86 (117) Of this amount 858 dollars and 99 cents, was for duties laid by acts passed prior to 1802. (118) Of this amount 1,249 dollars and 5 cents were received from the Supervisor of Kentucky, for duties laid prior, to 1802. (119) Of this amount 1,500 dollars 63 cents were received from North Carolina, and 3,000 dollars from Georgia, on account of the Direct Tax imposed in 1798. 6 B 538 Of the Revenues of the United States. General Statement of the Annual Receipts, continued. YEARS. Loans. Treasury JVotes. Temporary loans ob- Funded eight and six Foreign Loans. Amount total received Amount received on ac- tained from the per cent. Stocks. from Loans. count of Treasury Notes Bank of the United issued pursuant to the States, Sec, Acts of Congress. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts, Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1791 ■_^ 361,391 34 361,391 34 »^ 17-92 2,556,595 56 — i. 2,545,902 89 5,102,498 45 — 1793 600,000 00 — , ■ 1,197,272 01 1,797,272 01 — 1794 3,400,000 00 — \ 607,950 78 4,007,950 78 >— 1795 3,300,000 00 — 96,424 00 3,396,424 00 — 1796 320,000 00 — '»* 320,000 00 — 1797 — 70,000 00 — 70,000 00 — 1798 200,000 00 — — 200,000 00 — 1799 5,000,000 00 — 5,000,000 00 — 1800 — 1,565,229 24 — 1,565,229 24 — 1801 — — — — "— 1802 — — — — ~~ 1803 — — — — ■"■ 1804 — — — — ""• 1805 — — — — ■"~ 1806 — — — — """ 1807 — — — — ^^ 1808 — — — — —" 1809 — — — — — ™ 1810 2,750,000 00 — — 2,750,000 00 ■~" 1811 _, ^-. — — — 1812 ^_ 10,002,400 00 — ('2»>10,002,400 00 (12^) 2,835,500 00 1813 _^ 20,089,635 00 — ('^"20,089,635 00 (i2s) 6,094,500 00 1814 ^_ 15,030,546 00 >— (i2«)15,030,546 00 (126) 8,297,280 00 1815 — "~ "^~* (123)14,857,423 40 (127)20,406,897 38 (120) Received on account of tlie loan of 11,000,000 dollars, per act of 14th March, 1812. (121) One hundred and eighty-two thousand three hundred dollars received on account of loan of 11,000,000 dollars, per act of 14th March, 1812; 16,000,000 dollars on account of loan of 16,000,000 dollars per act of 8th February, 1813, and 3,907,335 dollars on account of loan of 7,500,000 dollars, per act of 2d (122)' Three million five hundred and ninety-two thousand six hundred and sixty-five dollars, received on account of loan of 7,500,000 dollars, per act of 2d August, 1813 ; 7,935,581 dollars, on account of loan of 10,000,000 dollars, per act of 24th March, 1814; 3,452,300 dollars, on account of loan of 6,000.000 dollars, per act of 24th March, 1814; and 50,000 dollars, on account of loan of 3,000,000 dollars, per act of 15th November, 1814. ^ , ■., - , (123) Fifty thousand dollars, received on account of loan of 11,000,000 dollars, per act of 14th March, 1812; 1,123,230 dollars 12 cents, on account of loan of 6,000,000 dollars, per act of 24th March, 1814 ; 74,590 dollars 75 cents, on account of loan of 25,000,000 dollars, per act of 24th March, 1814 ; 1,300,000 dollars, on account of loan of 3,000,000 dollars, per act of 15th November, 1814; 200,000 dollars on account of a temporary loan in anticipation of the Direct Tax, per act of 9th January, 1815 ; 175,000 dollars, on account of a tempo- rary loan of 500,000 dollars, for the repairs of the public "buildings, per act of 13th February, 1815, and 11,934,602 dollars 53 cents, on account of the loan of 18,452,800 dollars, per act of 3d March, 1815. (124) Received on account of Treasury Notes, issued pursuant to the act of 30th June, 1812. (125) Two million one hundred and sixty-four thousand five hundred dollars, received on account of Treasury Notes, issued pursuant to act of 30th June, 1819, and 3,930,000 dollars, pursuant to act of 25th February, 1813. . r ,. r. (126) One million and seventy thousand dollars, on account of Treasury Notes, issued per act of 25th Fe- bruary, 1813, and 7,227,280 dollars, per act of 4th March, 1814. (127) Two million seven hundred and seventy-two thousand seven hundred and twenty dollars, on account Of the Revenues of the United States. General Statement of the Annual Receipts, continued. 539 Miscellaneous Receipts. Aggregate amount of the Receipts For Debts due Proceeds of the Interest on Cents and half cents Sales of Public Amount total of YEARS. to the Unit- United States Six percent. interest due on Stores; proceeds Miscellaneous ed States un- Bank Stock Stock for re- Notes, and surplus from Prizes; sale Receipts. for each year. der the late and dividends mittances to gain on remit- of Revenue Cut- government. on the capital stock of the Bank of the United States. Europe. tances in Gold; re- payments into the Treasury. ters, sale of Public armed "N^essels, &o. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1791 10,143 28 -_ — 23 82 10,167 10 4,771,342 43 1792 4,702 82 8,028 00 — 857 83 4,240 00 17,828 65 8,772,458 76 1793 8,448 58 38,500 00 — 1,281 79 — 48,230 37 6,450,195 15 1794 693 50 303,472 00 — 22,535 98 — 326,701 48 9,439,855 60 1795 5,317 97 160,000 00 4,800 00 — — . 170,117 97 9,515,758 59 1796 5,053 74 1,240,000 00 42,800 00 10,072 40 — 1,297,926 14 8,740,329 65 1797 17,714 95 385,220 00 — 10,110 34 738 00 413,783 29 8,758,780 99 1798 6,710 68 79,920 00 78,675 00 7,597 00 3,363 13 176,265 81 8,179,170 80 1799 2,943 39 71,040 00 — 14,781 25 9,751 11 98,515 75 12,546,813 31 1800 7,704 79 71,040 00 — 27,531 64 24,225 83 130,502 26 12,413,978 34 1801 808 16 88,800 00 10,125 00 18,407 93 242,982 52 361,123 61 12,945,455 93 1802 500 63 1,327,560 00 >— 21,757 52 151,433 75 1,501,251 90 14,995,793 95 1803 135 46 — — 105,632 85 5,509 87 111,278 18 11,064,097 63 1804 — — — 92,908 80 14,185 90 107,094 70 11,826,307 38 1805 — — — 15,960 38 — 15,960 38 13,560,693 20 1806 617 14 — — 6,450 00 537 05 7,604 19 15,559,931 07 1807 — — — 84,112 25 — 84,112 25 16,452,839 44 1808 — — — 11,970 35 — 11,970 35 17,055,689 93 1809 152 80 — — 69,626 02 47,382 02 117,160 84 7,835,357 46 1810 — ' — — 119,186 18 58,616 00 179,602 18 12,209,799 82 1811 — — — 172,358 40 35,694 50 208,052 90 14.589,448 71 1812 — — — 75,252 76 22,514 57 97,737 33 22,703,543 49 1813 — — — 28,552 81 (130)224,453 99 253,006 80 40,549,116 96 1814 — — — (128)322,815 27 ("« 106,853 71 429,668 98 34,878,432 25 1815 (139)322,008 67 (i32> 138,458 94 6,673 85 51,283,946 27 of Treasury Notes, issued per act of 4th March, 1814; 8,318,400 dollars, per act of 26th December 1814- 3,839,585 dollars, per act of 24th February, 1815 ; 5,432,543 dollars, for which certificates of seven per cent' stock have been issued; 32,107 dollars 64 cents, on account of premiums on the sale of small Treasury Notes, and 11,541 dollars 74 cents, on account of interest on Treasury Notes. (128) Of this sum 3,578 dollars 30 cents, was on account of cents and half cents; the remainder for re-nay- ments into the Treasury. ^ •' (129) The whole of this sum was on account of re-payments. (130) Of this amount 210,152 dollars 38 cents, were tor the United States' moiety of the net nroceeds of prizes captured. •' f vi (131) Of this amount 106,364 dollars 56 cents, were for do. do. (132) Of this amount 82,003 dollars 58 cents, were for do. do'. 56,455 dollars 36 cents, for net proceeds of gun boats sold. do. do. and CHAPTER VIII. OF THE MINT ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.(« Congress has power " to coin money; regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin."(^) No state is allowed to " coin money ; or to make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts. "(2) Pursuant to the order of the House of Representatives, of the I5th of April, 1790, the Secretary of the Treasury, on the 28th of January, I79i, made a re- port concerning a Mint Establishment for the United States. The policy, expe- diency and importance of such an institution were urged, and the principles and practices adopted by other nations, were noticed in that document. In 1792,(^) a Mint Establishment for the United States, was authorised, for the purpose of a national coinage ; to be carried on at the seat of the government for the time being.^*) The coins struck at the Mint are of Gold, Silver and Copper, of tlie follow- ing denominations, viz: I. Gold Coins. a. Eagles, of the value of ten dollars or units ; they contain 247| grains of pure, or 270 grains of standard gold. (1) On the 2l8t of February, 1782, Congress approved of the establishment of a Mint. On the 16th of October, 1786, they passed an Ordinance, for the establishment of the Mint of the United States of Ame- rica, and for regulating the value and alloy of coin. Prior to the Mint Establishment, under the present Constitution, there was no national institution, in which coins were struck by the United States. Copper coins had been furnished under a contract of the Board of Treasury; but we do not know of any Gold or Silver having been coined. (2) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. viii. cl. 5, and sect. x. cl. 1. (3) Act 2d April, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 117. (4) Since the removal of the government to the City of Washington, the Mint establishment has been continued in Philadelphia, in virtue of special acts of Congress ; the last act passed for the purpose wa* approved on 14th of January, 1818, and is limited to the 4th of March, 1832. Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 541 b. Half Eagles, of the value of five dollars or units; they contahi l23f grains of pure, or 135 grains of standard gold. c. Qiiarter Eagles, of the value of two and an half dollars or units ; they con- tain 6 If grains of pure, or 67f grains of standard gold. II. Silver Coi7is. a. The Dollar or unit, of the value of one hundi-ed cents; and contains 371x1; grains of pure silver, or 416 grains of standard silver. b. Half Dollar, of the value of fifty cents; and contains 185ig grains of pure silver, or 208 grains of standard silver. c. Quarter Dollar, of the value of twenty-five cents; and contains 9 2il grains of pure, or 104 grains of standard silver. d. Dime, of the value of ten cents; and contains 37| gi'ains of pui'e, or 52 grains of standard silver. e. Half Dime, of the value of five cents; and contains 18tV grains of pure, or 26 grains of standard silver. III. Copper Coins. a. Cents, of the value of t^e one hundreth part of a dollar ; and containing eleven pennyweights of copper. 6. Half Cents, of the value of the two hundreth part of a dollar; containing five and an half pennyweights of copper.^') The devices upon the coins are, upon one side an impression emblematical of Liberty, with an inscription of the word " Liberty," and the year of the comage ; upon the reverse of the gold and silver coins, the representation of an Eagle, with the inscription, "United States of America;" upon the reverse of the cop- per coins, an inscription expressing the denomination of the piece. The proportional value of the gold and silver in all the coins, which are cur- rent in the United States, is as fifteen to one,^''^ according to quantity in weight, that is to say, every fifteen pounds weight of pure sUver, are of equal value with one pound weight of pure gold.^'^) The standard of all the gold coins of the United States, is eleven parts fine to (5) The several denominations of the Coins above mentioned, were originally adopted by Congress, on the 6th of July, 1785. (6) In Spain the proportion betvireen gold and silver is as 16 to 1. Torres on the Commerce of Spanish America, p. 25. (7) Twenty-seven grains of standard gold of the United States, containing 24| grains of pure gold, are equal in value to one dollar. The British Mint value of standard gold is ^ 3 17s. 10|rf. sterling per ounce, or 17 dollars 25 and an half cents ; the Mint value of standard silver is 5s. Zd. sterling, or 1 dollar 10 cents per ounce. 6 C ^^^ Q/" the Mint Establishment of the United States. one part of alloy; the aUoy is composed of silver and copper in proportions not exceeding one half of silver.^") The standard of all the silver coins is 1,485 parts fine to 179 parts of alloy; the alloy is wholly of copper/®^ Any person may carry gold or silver bullion to be coined at the Mint; the bul- lion so brought was assayed and coined as speedily as possible, free of expense-^^") As soon as the bullion has been coined, the person who deposited the same, may upon demand receive in lieu thereof, coins of the same species of bullion, weight for weight of the pure gold or pure silver therein contained. The gold and silver coins struck at the Mint, are a lawful tender; the value thereof is in proportion to their respective weights. Assays are directed to be made annually, of the gold and silver coins struck at the Mint, in the presence of the District Judge of Pennsylvania, the Attorney for that District and the Commissioner of Loans ;^") if any greater inferiority to their respective standards, than one part in one hundred and forty-four parts should appear, it must be certified to the President, and the officers of the esta- blishment are to be disqualified to hold their offices. The money account in the United States is expressed in DoUars or units ; Dimes or tenths ; Cents or hundredths, and Mills or thousandths ; a dime be- ing the tenth part of a doUar, a cent the hundreth and a mill the thousandth (8) The addition of silver to the alloy, for the gold coins, occasioned considerable expense to the Mint, without producing any advantage whatever ; the practice has been, to form the alloy vrith the small- est portion of silver, merely to comply with the letter of the act. " In Spain the fineness' of the gold is divided into 24 carats, and each carat into 4 grains. Generally each grain of fineness is divided into 4 or 8 parts." Torres, loc. citat. p. 24. (9) According to the standard above mentioned, the silver coins of the United States, should have con- sisted of 10 oz. 14 dwts. 5 grains of fine silver, and 1 oz. 5 dwts. 19 grains of alloy; which is below the standard of Spain, the Mexican dollar being 10 oz. 15 dwts. fine. From the commencement of the opera- tions in our Mint, until near the close of the year 1795, upon what authority we know not, our silver coins were made finer than the legal standard. In 17'95 the director, in conformity with the previous practice in -the Mint, proposed to Congress, that our silver coinage should be authorised to consist of " nine parts in ten of fine silver, and the other tenth alloy; or 10 oz. 16 dwts. fine to 1 oz. 4 dwts. alloy, in the pound troy." No act was passed on the subject; our silver coinage was then restored to the legal standard, and has been so continued until the present time.* See letter of the Director of the Mint, to the President of the United States, dated 2nh of October, 1795. In Spain, " the fineness of silver is divided into 12 dineros, and each dinero into 24 grains." Torres loc. citat. p. 24. (10) This provision has been altered, and a charge has been authorised, (see act 3d March, 1795, sect 5, vol. ii. ch. 288, and postea,) for the assaying and refining of bullion ; much expense was incurred on the part of the United States, for refining bullion below the standard, which was deposited by individuals. (11) Act 3d March, 1801 ; vol. iii. ch. 246. In 1818, the collector of the port of Philadelphia was sub- stituted for th(^ Commissioner of Loans. ' I/ettcr of the Director of the Mint, to the .lUthor, dated 18ir. Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 543 part of a doUar. The decimal division of money, is by far the most simple and convenient, and v^^as fii'st adopted in the United States. ^'2) In 1792,^'^) all the copper coins, except those of the United States, were pro- hibited to be cun-ent money, six months after fifty thousand doUars value of the copper coins of the Mint should be paid into the Treasury. In 1793,(**^ it was directed, that the cents should contain 208 grains of cop- per, and so in proportion the half cents. The value of foreign coins was established as follows, viz:(") the gold coins of Great Britain and Portugal, of the standard prior to 1792, at the rate of 100 cents for every twenty-seven grains of the actual weight thereof; the gold coins of France, Spain and the dominions of Spain, of the standard prior to 1792, at the rate of 100 cents for every twenty-seven and two-fifths grains of the actual weight thereof; Spanish milled dollars, at the rate of 100 cents for each doUar, the actual weight thereof not to be less than seventeen pennyweights and seven grains, and so in proportion for the parts of a dollar; the Crowns of France, at the rate of 110 cents for each crown, the actual weight whereof, not to be less than eighteen pennyweights and seventeen gi^ains, and so in proportion for the parts of a crown. AU foreign gold coins, and all foreign silver coins, except Spanish milled dol- lars and parts thereof, ceased to be a legal tender in the United States, at the expiration of three years next ensuing the time when the coinage of gold and silver commenced at the Mint.^'^^ All the foreign gold and silver coins, except Spanish milled dollars and the parts thereof, received in payments for ihe United States, were directed after the coinage of gold and silver had begun at the Mint, to be coined anew, before they were put in circulation. In 1795,^*'') the President was authorised to reduce the weight of the copper coins, provided the reduction should not exceed two pennyweights in each cent. The Treasurer of the Mint was directed to retain two cents per ounce from every deposit of silver bullion, and four cents per ounce from every deposit of (12) Resolution of Congress, 8th of August, 1786. (13) Act 8th May, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 140. (14) Act 14th January, 1793; vol. ii. ch. 147". (15) Act 9th February, 1793; vol. ii. ch. 150. See postea, act 29th April, 1816. (16) On the 22d of July, 1797, the President of the United States, by proclamation declared, that the coinage of silver had been commenced at the Mint, in 1794; that of gold in 1795; and that all foreign silver coins, except Spanish milled dollars and parts thereof, would cease to be current or to be a legal tender for the payment of debts in the United States, after the 15th of October, 1797; and the same in respect to all foreign gold coins, after the 1st of July, 1798. See postea, the act of 10th of April, 1806; vol. iv. ch. 22. (17) Act 3d March, 1795; vol. ii. ch. 288. 544 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. gold buUion, below the standard of the United States, made for the purpose of being refined and coined. Whenever the bullion is so far below the standard as to requu-e the test, six cents per ounce are retained as a compensation for melting and refining the same.('8) The treasurer of the Mint, is not obliged to receive a deposit of buUion, below the standard of the United States, in smaUer quantities than two hundred ounces of silver bulhon, and twenty ounces of gold bulUon. In 1800,('^) a sum equivalent to the expense incurred, in refining gold or silver bullion, below the standard of the United States, was directed to be retained on all deposits made at the Mint. In 1806,(20) foreign gold and silver coins, were declared to be current and a lawful tender, during three years, at the rates mentioned in the act of the 9th February, ITQS.^^') The coins, now made current, were du^ected to be assayed at least once in every year, at the Mint, and it is the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, to lay the results of the assays before Congress. In 1809, the act of the 10th of April, 1806, by which foreign gold and silver coins were made current, and a tender in payment of debts, expired. The pro- visions, enacted in 1806, were grounded on the supposition, that 27f grains of Spanish standard gold, contained 24| gi-ains of pure gold, and that they were equal in value to 27 grains of the standard gold of the United States; the assays, in the Mint, demonstrated, that the purity or fineness of the Spanish gold coins of different dates, was variable, and that those of 1806, were four per cent, below the value of the gold coins of the United States. The assays, made prior to 1818, authorised, on the general average of several coinages, the Spanish gold coins to be taken at the rate of 28^ grains for one dollar, which is very near fom- per cent. (3.^V) below the value of our gold coins. In 1810, the House of Representatives of the United States, raised a committee to consider the subject of foreign coins ; in their report, on the 27th of December, 1810, the committee declared it expedient, "that foreign gold coins ought to be made current money, and a legal tender," with the proviso, that no coin should be allowed to be current, at a rate above its intrinsic value. Under a different regulation, the coins of the standard value would be melted down, or be ex- ported, and the base coins would be brought into circulation. They proposed to fix the statute value of the gold coins of Spain, at a rate not higher than was warranted by the average of the assays made at the mint, viz : that they should (18) Act 3d March, 1795; vol. ii. ch. 288, and postea, act 24th April, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 188. (19) Act 24th April 1800; vol. iii. ch. 188. (20) Act 10th April 1806; vol. iv. ch. 22. (21) See Ante, p. 543. Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 545 be taken at the rate of 28t^ grains for one dollar. No act was passed on this subject, until 1816. In 1816/^^) it was enacted, that for three years and no longer, the following gold and silver coins should pass current as money, within the United States, and be a legal tender for the payment of all debts, at the rates following, viz : the gold coins of Great Britain and Portugal, at the rate of 100 cents for every twenty-seven grains, or 88| cents per pennyweight; the gold coins of France, at the rate of 100 cents for every twenty-seven and a half grains, or 81} cents per pennyweight ; the gold coins of Spain, at the rate of 100 cents for every twen- ty-eight and an half grains, or 84 cents per pennyweight; the crovm? of France, at the rate of 11 7tV cents per ounce, or 110 cents for each crown, weighing eighteen pennyweights and seventeen grains ; the five franc pieces, at the rate of 116 cents per ounce, or 93 cents and 3 mills for each five franc piece, weigh- ing sixteen pennyweights and two grains. The coins aforesaid, were directed to be annually assayed at the mint, and the result to be laid before Congress. The gold coins of the United States, are twenty-two carats fine, that is to say, every twenty-four parts of their weight, contain twenty-two parts of pure gold.^^') The gold coins of Great Britain and Portugal, are of the same standard as the gold coins of the United States. Many of the principal gold coins in Germany, Holland, Sweden, Denmark, Poland and Italy are finer than those of the United States, from one carat and a quarter, to one carat and seven-eighths ;^^) these last are seldom seen in the United States. The assays made at the Mint in 1813, gave the following results, viz: I. Gold Coins of Great Britai?i. Carats. Grains. No. 1. made of 3 pieces, made of various dates, prior to 1806 22 2. do. 4 do. of dates from 1806 to 1810 inclusive, except the year 1807 22 These results were confirmed by a^isays made in 1818.^^'^ II. Gold Coins of France. No. 1. made of 4 pieces of various dates prior to 1806 . . 21 2f 2. do. 5 do. of dates from 1806 to 1810 inclusive . 12 2^ 3. do. 5 do. dated 1811 21 2| 4. do. 5 do. dated 1812 21 2| The three results last mentioned, were confirmed by assays, in 1818(2^) (22") Act 29th April, 1816. (23) Pure gold is 24 carats fine. (24) Hamilton's report concerning the Mint Establishment, (25) Letter of the Director of the Mint, 7th February, 1818. 6 D 546 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. III. Gold Coins of Spain. •KT . J /> . . r. ■, . Carats. Grains, JNO. 1. made 01 4 pieces of dates pnor to 1806 20 3 2. do. 5 do. dates from 1806 to 1810, inclusive . 20 3 3. do. 3 do. dated 1811 20 3^ 4. do. 1 do. dated 1813 20 3i The last of the above results, was confirmed by assays made in 18 18.^^^^ IV. Gold Coins of Portugal. No. 1. made of 2 pieces of various dates, prior to 1806 ... 22 2. do. 5 do. of dates from 1806 to 1810 inclusive . 22 3. do. 5 do. dated 1811 22 4. do. 5 do. dated 1812 22 5. do. 2 do. dated 1813 22 In 18 18,^^®^ 5 pieces gave a result of very nearly 22 I. Silver Coins of France. Oz. dwts. gn. Made of 5 crowns of various dates 101812 In 1818, 5 pieces of five franc pieces of France .... 10 16 12^^^ II. Silver Coins of Spain. No. 1. made of 5 pieces of various dates, prior to 1806 . lo 16 00 2. do. 5 do. dates from 1806 to 1810 inclusive lo 15 12 3. do. 5 do. dated 1811 10 15 12 From the foregoing results it appears, " 1. That the gold coins of Great Britain and of Portugal, are all uniformly of the same quality, and exactly equal to that of the gold coins of the United States; and therefore, their intrinsic value is at the rate of 100 cents for twenty- seven grains, or 88f cents per pennyweight. " 2. That the gold coins of France, especially those issued since the year 1806 inclusive, are also of a uniform quality, their intrinsic value being at the rate of 100 cents for 27Hi grains, or 81 -fi^ cents per pennyweight. " 3. That the gold coins of Spain are somewhat variable in their quality, their average intrinsic value being at the rate of 100 cents for 28-1V7T grains, or 84x1* cents per pennyweight. " 4. That the intrinsic value of the French crown, supposing its weight 18 pennyweights and 17 grains, is 110 cents and v^Uz parts of a cent. (26) Letter of the Director of the Mint, 7th February, 1818. Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 547 " 5. That the intrinsic value of the Spanish dollar, exclusive of those issued prior to the year 1806, supposing it of the full weight of 17 pennyweights 7 grains, is 100 cents and AVAV parts of a cent."^^'') In the United States, foreign coins and currencies are estimated at the follow- ing rates, viz: each pound sterling of Great Britain, 444 cents; each livre tournois of France, at I8i cents; each florin or guUder of the United Netherlands, at 40 cents ; each marc banco of Hamburgh, at 33^ cents ; each rix dollar of Denmark, at 100 cents; each rial of plate and each rial of vellon of Spain, the former at 10 cents, the latter at 5 cents each; each milree of Portugal, at 124 cents; each pound sterling of Ireland, at 410 cents; each tale of China, at 148 cents ; each pagoda of India, at 1 94 cents ; each rupee of Bengal, and each rupee of Bombay, at 50 cents ; each star pagoda of Madrass, at 184 cents ; and all other denominations of money, in value as nearly as may be to the rates aforesaid, or the intrinsic value thereof, compared with money of the United States. The President is authorised to establish regulations for estimating the duties on goods imported into the United States, in respect to which the original cost is exhibited in a depreciated currency, issued and circulated under the authority of any foreign government/^*) The United States derive no profit fi"om their coinage, except that gained on the copper coins, which, from the commencement of the institution, to the 31st of December, 1817, amounted to 52,824 dollars and 45 cents. On the average of the ten years, from 1802 to 1811 inclusive, there were annually struck at the mint, Dolls. Gold coins, amounting to 330,119 Silver coins, do. 410,278 Copper coins, do. 14,011 or, on the average aforesaid, the coins of every description and denommation, annually struck, amounted to 754,408 dollars. On the average of the ten years, from 1802 to 1811 inclusive, the annual expenses of the mint, amounted to 18,050 dollars. (27) Letter from the Director of the Mint, dated 22d December, 1813. (28) Act 2d Masfh, 1799, sect. 61, vol. ii. ch. 62; and Act 3d March, 1801, vol. ill. cb. 253. 548 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Copper Coins struck in and issued from the Mint, during the periods enumerated, vizi YEARS. Number of Cents. Number of Half Cents. Value in Dollars and Cents. From 1st March, 1793, to 31st December, 1795 1,066,033 142,534 11,373 00 1st January, 1796, to 24th November, 1796 974,700 109,480 10,324 40 In the year 1797 — — 10,110 34 do 1798 979,700 — 9,797 00 do 1799 904,585 12,167 9,106 68 do 1800 2,822,175 211,530 29,279 40 do 1801 1,362,837 — 13,628 37 A STATEMENT Of the Gold and Silver Coins struck at the Mint, during the periods enumerated, viz: YEARS. GOLD. SILVER, Number of Eagles. Number of Half Eagles. Number of Quarter Eagles. Number of Dollars. Number of Half Dollars. Number of Quar- ter Dol- lars. Number of Dimes. Number of Half Dimes. Frem 18th July, 1794, to 30th Sep- tember, 1795 From 1st October, 1795, to 31st of August, 1797 From 1st September, 1797, to 30th June, 1798 ... From 1st January, to 31st Decem- ber, 1799 .... From 1st January, to 31st Decem- ber, 1800 .... From 1st January, to 31st Decem- ber, 1801 .... 1,297 16,755 7,974 17,483 25,965 29,254 8,707 9,805 20,755 7,451 11,622 26,006 1,822 534 480 126,553 158,934 247,206 423,515 220,920 54,454 323,144 3,918 30,289 6,146 47,396 21,760 34,640 25,856 115,317 24,000 33,910 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 549 03 O +-> CO o C4-I o as ^ (D -r", -r) -^j ss tM fl .M e (15 tT s ^ a; 1 .i-l a; i/2 fi H -I.J c S J3 -(-» 1^ 02 fcn a TS (U h ft OS h a> a lr)OOOG?05i-l>O00!O0lTf-"00000>OCTi-t Total value of the Coins struck at the Mint. i COCTTCOOOCOlOOOOOOOOOOt^O ioooK.O'*>oioKooooo>-(ir>>o>oN. . KCltSJJOOlOlOOOtOCT'-lKCTOTOOCO P r-iKt^CTO-*K00CT<-Hi-IO-*CTlO'S" T— ( tH rH ^H T— ( Value of the Copper Coins struck at the Mint. "■ cooD-^OOOi-llooOOOOOOO o?o y ooooi-<}-< ^ (N K r-<_ 10 0|Tf p ■^"lort-^iooTocoto'io'o'TjJ'CT oooT Value of the Sil- ver Coins struck at the Mint. » 00000>000000000>00 Q OO'0OOKO'0O>0"0i0nw ^ TtOOOtO»^00 = co'-ioK Q 00" K 0? rt" tC ■*" K 00" 00" ■^■' 0" th" tvT 00" bT " lOOOO-!to "o >o ot.wK'oio>oin>oio>ooo>o 1 1 rHb^TjitOOOUDt^lOOCO-^KK 1 1 Q G?>o>nt^GlCT00COt-O5CT>t^K TjityjGii-itn-^iyii-iTfTfiNTf Amount re- tained on Deposits. «ie» HIW H)W rtf« HIW -.|M HUM H|«) .-^ S N-^OlO-^KCTCTTft-^KOitOi-i 00 02 O) ©! to •* « to « CO G? CT 00 »^ »^ 01 <^ 10»-.OOi-IKTtOtOCTtD Irt = 00OCTlOl^-Q0^olNd^OCT^»tOl-l Ic^ 5 T-Hi-<-H©(O^OO^i-(^HCOG^i-i Amount of wastage of Gold & Silver. S »^00b,00Oi-H-*(flOO00-*G? ©! 01>OCTOG«>O-*00Ot^>OCTOl ^ tootoo?oocoGj'* I ico = CToot-io05toioetco-i 1 Ih, Q ""i ''?, "^ "I ''i "l '"i '-5, "i '^ "i "T, ''i "i. Value of the Sil- ver Bullion de- posited. . HKSi^NHie* HR< .«» ..«» fidHN HfN 3 ©)<-i'-Hiooo»-« <3»tDio>00>OlKCTOT-lrHOCJOT«T> ooo!eiTtcoCT>CTt^ioi-ioo«oai(Sto CMc000CTl»OtO0^O2C0CTlT-lG0Oy3"^Oi j2 c» to ic to Tl^ K K. »^ CO T-<_ QO 00 m rt 01 2 ooafirr>o^K'<^toOtD>-rifr»CCT'to'co Q i005O-*'*O>-irfT}iT-iOtO»^i-J_C?1< 00 'It It CO S -* 00 -^i" COOO)©!tDi-HO?t-,loCSOO— lOCO Tf T-c -^ to to ^ >0 to 0> 0? Tfi b. Value of the Gold Bullion deposi- ted. .2 CT>CT>Olr>O'-ll^>OO00O-*00»-»00(N 10 th CO lo ^-^ cotrco^ttitoort<©!to C^ b, CO C30 tOt^ tOi-lr-ICOOO»CCOC35tOK . en h, to to to o» a> 00 K ci> 1-H CO Sh .a bji-Ht^cocotnoovTroocitTiovt^io^ TC ^''K'>-r»Coo"to"io >o 'f" oTtCrt'Tfoo a ©1 to lo K m I- b, >-i n< S K. >o ,-H in tfG^tSjT-^CO-VWtN-itlOO^tf c SI 3' E 01 "O.to rt r»" rH (Jl K CO b^ to CO a> (J i-H>-ii-HOOi-l(Nrti-HGqOrtO"OT-i J i-^OXN^coOSOtOCOO^INW^cOt-^ i i-lOOOOOOrtiHOOn-HO'-ii-iT-i p T>cncooco©<-*'ob-ai(Tstoai'-i'-i N ootc-o-^OT-iioaicN oo-* ' co"^"Tj<"o?d'co'''o o?irroo"^o"to"co" of < OJCO-^lOtOKOOOlOT-iG^COTflOtOi^ OOOOOOOOr-<^HrH,-H,-(T-Hi-H^H oooooooocooocooocooocooococooooo 6 E 550 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. SUMMARY STATEMENT Exhibiting the value of Coins made at the Mint ; the amount of Disbursements on account of the Establishment ; the amount allowed for Wastage; the amount retained of Deposits; and the amount gained on the Coinage of Copper, from the commencement of the Institution, to the 31st of December, 1817, vix: Value of Gold, Silver, and Copper coinage, up to I'o'is- Cts. Mills. the 31st December, 1816, 13,536,501 6 Gold coins made from January 1st to December 31st, 1817, Silver coins made from January 1st to December 31st, 1817, Dolls. 607,783 50 Copper coins made from January 1st to December 31st, 1817, 39,484 GO 647,267 50 Total value of Gold, Silver and Copper, , i . . . 14,183,768 56 Net charge on the coinage of Gold, Silver, and Copper, to the 31st December, 1816, 494,927 91 5 Add amount gained on the coinage of Copper to the same period, 42,473 44 537,401 35 5 From which deduct amount vi^astage. Gold and Silver, to 3l8t December, 1816, . . . Dolls. 51,210 65 5 Also, amount vi^astage from January 1st to Decem- ber 31st, 1817, 2,373 2 5 53,583 68 483,817 67 5 Add amount disbursed on account of the establish- ment, from January 1st to 31st December, 1817, 32,016 71 Add also, the amount wastage on Gold and Silver, to 31st December, 1816, 51,210 65 5 Add also, the amount ditto, from January 1st to December 31st, 1817, 2,373 2 5 53,583 68 From the above, deduct the amount retained from deposits, to 31st December, 1816, . . . . 7,773 59 Also, this sum, from January 1st to December 31st, 1817, . . . ■ 31 98 5 — 7,805 57 5 45,778 10 5 561,812 49 Deduct amount gained on the coinage of Copper, from the commencement of the institution, to December 31st, 1817, 52,824 40 Net amount chargeable to the coinage of Gold, Sil- ver and Copper, from the commencement of the institution, to December 31st, 1817, including th^ costs of lots, buildings, and machinery, 488,988 9 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 551 For bullion, our Mint depends upon foreign countries. Hitherto we have not found much Gold,^^'^ and as far as my knowledge extends, no Silver in the United States; our Lead ores contain very little Silver: and the proportion is too small to pay the expense of working them for the Silver, The Copper has been supplied from Great Britain ; it is imported in the form of circular planchets, without any device ; they receive the impressions at the Mint. In June, 1817, I was told, that the planchets would, in future, be prepar- ed in the United States, and add to the gain on that species of the coinage. Many attempts have been made to estimate the amount of the Gold and SUver coins in different countries. We shall not pretend to determine that question for the United States ; it is beyond the reach of precision, or even an approximation to the truth. Our laws do not require, that the Gold or SUver im- ported, shall be entered at the custom-house ; nor are any returns made of the specie or bullion exported. (^°^ The quantities annually consumed in work-shops for ornaments and domestic utensils, though they must be considerable, are not ascertained; under such circumstances we cannot form a satisfactory estimate. It is evident, that the coinage at the Mint, has not been adequate to the ordinary necessities of domestic exchange. Prior to 1775, lord Sheffield^^') computed the specie in the American colonies at between 2 and 3,000,000 pounds sterling, or about 9,500,000 dollars; in 1774, Blodget,^^^) estimated the metallic medium of the United States, at 4,000,000 dollars; in 1791, at 16,000,000 dollars, and in 1804, at 17,500,000 dollars. Coxe,^^^) in 1791, estimated the current specie in the United States at 7,000,000 dollars. Although Messrs. Coxe and Blodget were .anxious to ascer- tain the facts connected with this subject, their efforts only convince us how impossible it is to arrive at the truth; the latter of these Avriters, in 1791, esti- mated our metallic medium at nearly, double the amount stated by the former. The estimate of lord Sheffield seems another contradiction ; it is the more sur- (29) Native Gold has been discovered in the streams of Cabarrus county. North Carolina; a single piece was found, which originally weighed twenty-eight pounds; after it was melted down at the Mint, it weigh- ed twenty-five pounds, and was twenty-three carats fine. The inducements to search after Gold, did not operate so as to occasion the misery and wretchedness which always accompany the population, where the inhabitants make the searching for Gold a regular occupation. The partial injury, which some of the people of North Carolina suffered, satisfied them that their prosperity would be better promoted by the pursuits of agriculture. Mawe in his travels into the interior of Brazil, particularly in the Gold and Diamond dis- tricts, gives an interesting, though a very lamentable account of the people in those countries. (30) I have been credibly informed that 6,000,000 dollars in specie, have been exported in the course of a single year to countries east of the Cape of Good Hope. (31) Observations on the Commerce of America, p. 2iQ. (32) Blodget's Manual, p. 66. (33) View of the United States, p. 352. 552 Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. prising when we take into view the augmentation of our exports; we suppose, that the influx of specie must have been, in some degree, in the ratio of that branch of our commerce. In 1799, Rose estimated the amount of coin circulating in the British domi- nions at ^44,000,000 sterUng. At the accession of George III. Colquhoun esti- mated the gold in circulation at £ 25,000,000 sterling; and in 1812, he supposed the amount of gold coin, which remained in the hands of the bankers of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the hands of individuals, including the silver of the mint coinage, to be £ 15,000,000 sterling.^^*) The following statement of the annual produce of the Spanish mines was taken from Baron Humboldt ; it is calculated from the amount of the royal duties, and is, therefore, considerably under the truth. The gold is valued at 145 dollars 82 cents, and the silver at 9 doUars 40 cents the Spanish mark.^^^^ NAMES OF THE PROVINCES. I'ure Gold. Pure Silver. Value of the Gold and Silver in Dollars. New Spain Peru . . Chili . . . Buenos Ayres New Grenada Spanish Marks. 7,000 3,400 -40,000 2,200 18,000 Spanish Marks. 2,250,000 513,000 29,700 414,000 very little. Dolls. 22,170,740 5,317,988 1,737,380 4,212,404 2,624,760 Total, 40,600 3,206,700 36,063,272 To the foregoing amount, Humboldt added 3,000,000 dollars for contraband, and somewhat less than 4,500,000 for the gold of Brazil. He estimated the whole of the gold and silver furnished, annually, by America, at 43,500,000 dol- lars. The gold annually furnished is to the quantity of silver as one to forty-six, and the total amount in English money, valuing the dollar at 4s. 4L^d. sterling, is ^9,515,625, or 41,868,750 dollars. He concluded that the gold and silver fur- (34) Rose's Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce, and Navigation of Great Britalin, &c. p. 76. Also Colquhoun, loc. citat. p. 224. (35) " The mark of Spain is equal to 3,553 grains troy weight. According to law, with a mark of gold of 21 carats 2 grains fineness, eight and a half doublons, of sixteen Mexican dollars each, are coined. Then each doublon ought to weigh 418 grains troy weight of gold, of 21 carats 2 grains fineness; and the Mexi- can dollar represents 26.125 grains troy weight of gold, of 21 carats 2 grains fineness." " With the same mark of silver of lOosj. ISdwt. eight and a half Mexican dollars are also coined: then each Mexican dollar ought to weigh 418 grains troy weight of silver, of 10 oz. 15 dwt. fineness."' Torres, loc. citat. p. 25. Of the Mint Establishment of the United States. 553 nished by America, from the year 1492 to 1803, amounted to 5,706,700,000 dollars; of that amount he supposed 5,445,000,000 dollars, to have been earned to Europe, which on the average of the period mentioned, is at the rate of about seventeen and an half millions per annum. A STATEMENT Showing the rate of Interest fixed by law, and the current value oftlie Dollar, in Shillings and Fence, in the States and Territories, respectively. STATES. Legal rate of Interest per anDDm. Value of the riollar in Shillinss and Pence. New-Hampshire Massachusetts . Rhode Island . Vermont . . . Connecticut . . New-York . . New-Jersey . . Pennsylvania Delaware . . Maryland . . Virginia . . . North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia . . . Kentucky . . Ohio .... Tennessee . • Louisiana . . Indiana . . . Mississippi . . Illinois Territory Missouri do. . Alabama do. . Michigan do. . 6 per centum. ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. . 7 ditto, ditto. 6 ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. 7 ditto. 8 ditto. 6 ditto. ditto. ditto. ditto. , ditto. ditto.(36) ditto. ditto.(39) ditto.(36) (37) cl. 8 8 4 8 6 to 7 6(38) 6 none customary. 6 to 7 6 <3« none customary. 6 o" none customary. (37) (36) Individuals may, by special contract, vary the rate of interest. (37) No information. (38) The inhabitants in diflferent districts of the state, rate the value of the dollar according to the cus- tom of the state, from which they migrated. 6 F CHAPTER IX. OF THE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. The Military Establishment includes the Army and the Militia of the United States. Congress has power " to raise and support armies. But no appropriation of money for that use, shaU be for a longer term than two years." " To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions." " To provide for organising, arming and disciplining the militia, and for go- verning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States ; reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress."^^) Without the consent of Congress, no state can keep troops in time of peace.^^^ " The President shaU be commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of tlie mUitia of the several states, when called into the ac- tual service of the United States. (^^ The Constitution of the United States declares, " a well regulated militia be- ing necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and Ijear arms shall not be infringed." " No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the con- sent of the owner ; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be presciibed by law.(*) (1) Constitution of the United States. Art. I. sect. viii. cl. 12, 14, 15, 16. (2) Ibid. Art. I. sect. x. cl. 11. (3) Ibid. Art II. sect. xi. cl. 1. (4) Ibid. Amendments, II, IIL Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 555 SECTION L OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES IN GENERAL. In 1789.") an executive department, named the " Department of War," was established by Congress. The chief officer of the department, is stiled the Secretary for the Department of War, and he was required to perform such duties as should be enjoined on, or entrusted to him by the President of the United States, agree- ably to the Constitution, relative to military commissions, or to the land or na- val forces, ships or warlike stores of the United States, or to such otlier matters respecting military or naval affairs, as the President should assign to the said department, or relative to the granting of lands to persons entitled thereto, for military services rendered to the United States, or relative to Indian affairs. The Secretary was directed to conduct the business of the department, in pursuance of the orders and instructions of the President The duties originally assigned to the Secretary for the Department of War, in relation to the Navy and the Public Lands, were subsequently confided to other officers of the United States. ^^^ The Indians, who inhabited the countries that bordered on the several states, annoyed their white neighbours ; often destroyed their property, and murdered the citizens or carried them into captivity. In 1787, it was deemed expedient to station a corps of seven hundred troops on the frontiers, for the protection of the inliabitants, against the incursions and depredations of the hostile Indian tribes, and to facilitate the surveying and selling of the public lands. For these purposes. Congress authorised a force, consisting of the two companies of artil- lery raised by virtue of a resolve of Congress on the 20th of October, 1786; each of these companies was composed of seventy non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates. One regiment of infantry was added to the artUlerj (5) Act 7th August, 1789; vol. ii. ch. 7. On the 12th of June, 1776, a committee of five members of Congress was authorised to constitute a Board of War and Ordnance. On the 17th of October, 1777, the Board of War was composed of three persons who were not members of Congress. On the 29th of October, 1778, the Board was directed to be composed of three commissioners who were not members of Congress, and two members of Congress. On the 7th of February, 1781, a Secretary of War was authorised to exe- cute the duties of the Board of War and Ordnance. See also an Ordinance of the 27th of February, 1785, wherein the duties of the Secretary of War are detailed. (6) See acts 30th of April, 1798, vol. iii. ch. 52; and 25th April, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 391, 556 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. above mentioned; it consisted of eight companies; and each company was com- posed of seventy non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates. These troops formed an aggregate of seven hundred men, exclusive of the commis- sioned officers.^'') In 1789, the forces enumerated, were recognised to be the military establish- ment of the United States ;(*) at that time, the effective force of the army did not amount to six hundred men/^) In 1790, the act Of the 29th of September, 1789, was repealed; and it was then enacted, that the whole number of non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, to be in the service of the United States, at any one time, should not exceed one thousand two hundred and sixteen men;^'°) and they were authorised to be raised for three years, unless sooner discharged. The organiza- tion of these troops was one regiment of infantry, to consist of three battalions : and one battalion of artillery. In 1791,^") for the further protection of the frontiers, an additional regiment of infantry was authorised ; it consisted of nine hundred and twelve men, exclu- sive of the commissioned officers. The President was authorised, to appoint one major general, one brigadier general, one quarter-master, and one chaplaiu. Ti'oops, under the denomination of levies, to serve not exceeding six months, were also allowed to be engaged for the service ; their number was not to exceed two thousand non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, with a suitable number of commissioned officers. This corps was allowed a bounty of three dollars, and it was subject to the rules and articles of war ; the pay, rations and forage were the same as was allowed to the troops of the United States. In 1792, our savage enemies continued their depredations; their forces were augmented, and their acts of barbarity multiplied. Three additional regiments were directed to be raised for the service of the United States ; each of them consisted of nine hundred and sixty men, exclusive of the commissioned officers; these troops were directed to be disbanded, as soon as the United States should be at peace with the Indian tribes.^'^) Four brigadier generals were authorised to be appointed.^'^) In 1794,^'*) a coqjs of Artillerists and Engineers was authorised, to be com- (7) See Journals of Congress, 3d October, 1787; also. Message of the President of the United Statfes to the House of Representatives, 10th of August, 1789. (8) Act 29th September, 1789; vol. ii. ch. 25. (9) Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. v. p. 181. (10) Act 30th April, 1790; vol. ii. ch. 37. (H) Act 3d March, 1791; vol. ii. ch. 102. (12) Act 5th March, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 110. (13) Aci 28th March, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 115. (14) Act 9th May, 1794; vol. ii, ch. 200. Of the Military Establishtiient of the United States. 557 posed of seven hundred and sixty-four non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, and a proper proportion of commissioned officers to command them. This force was directed to be incorporated with the corps of artillery authorised ; and their entire number, exclusive of the commissioned officers, was limited to nine hundred and ninety-two. In 1796,^^^^ it was directed, that after the 3 1st day of October, the militaiy establishment of the United States, should be composed of the corps of artUle- rists and engineers, authorised by the act of the 9th of May, 1794; two com- panies of light dragoons, who were to do duty on horse or foot, at the discre- tion of the President, and four regiments of infantry. The troops aforesaid, constituted an aggregate of three thousand two hundred and sixty-six men, ex- clusive of the commissioned officers of the corps of artillerists ; and they were to be completed from the legion of the United States,('^) and the light di^agoons. All the supernumerary officers, musicians and privates of the legion, were con- sidered as discharged, after the 3lst day of October, 1796. The President was authorised to appoint one major general, with two aids de camp; one brigadier general ; one brigade major; one quarter-master general ; one inspector, who should perform the duty of adjutant general ; one paymas- ter general, and ten additional surgeon's mates. The adjutants, quarter-masters and paymasters of regiments, were taken from the subalterns of then- respec- tive regiments. In 1797,^1''^ so much of the act of the 30th of May, 1796, as related in any respect to the major general and his staff, was repealed. Serious differences had taken place between the government of the United States and the Republic of France. Ministers were sent to Paris, for the purpose of concluding a treaty ; but they were treated with disrespect, and returned to the United States, without having effected the object of their mission. In 1798,("^ Congress suspended the commercial intercourse between the United States and France, and the dependencies thereof, until the end of their next session. On the 7th of July, 1798, they declared the treaties concluded with France, to be no longer obligatory on the United States; and on the 9th of the same month, the President was authorised, to instnict the commanders of the public armed vessels of the United States, to capture any French armed (15) Act 30th May, 1796 ; vol. ii. ch. 333. (16) The legionary corps was authorised on the 20th of October, 1786, and consisted of 2,040 noH-com missioned officers and privates, organised into infantry and artillery. (17) Act 3d March, 1797 j vol. ii, ch. 364. (18) Act 18th June, 1798 ; vol. iii. ch. 70 6 G 558 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. vessels, and to bring them into our ports to be proceeded against, and con- demned as forfeited. (*'•) A provisional army was authorised to be raised in the event of a declaration of war against the United States, or of actual invasion of then- territory, by a foreign power, or of imminent danger of such invasion, discovered to exist, by the President, before the next session of Congress, The President, under the circumstances above enumerated, was authorised to cause to be enlisted, and to call into actual service, ten thousand non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, to serve for a term not exceeding three years.(^> The troops aforesaid, with a suitable number of major generals, were directed to be organised into corps of artillery, cavalry, and infantry, conformably to the Military Establishment of the United States. In the recess of the Senate the President was authorised to appoint aU the commissioned officers. He was also authorised to accept the services of volunteer corps of artillery, cavalry or infan- try, provided they were clothed, armed and equipped at their own expense. A commander of the army was appointed, and commissioned as lieutenant general; he was allowed four aids de camp and two secretaries, who had the rank, and received the emoluments, of a lieutenant colonel. The President was authorised to appoint one inspector general, with the rank of major general. The inspector and major generals were each allowed to have two aids de camp, who had the rank of a major; an adjutant general, with the rank of brigadier, was also authorised. Assistant inspectors were allowed to eveiy separate portion of the army, which consisted of one or more divisions, who were the deputy adjutant generals thereof respectively, and were taken from the line of the army. The inspectors and sub-inspectors for each brigade and corps of every description, were also taken from the line of the army. One quar- ter-master general, one physician general, and one paymaster general, each with the rank of lieutenant colonel, were also appointed. The whole or any part of the forces aforesaid, might be discharged, when- ever the President should deem it consistent with the public safety. In 1798,^^'^ twelve additional regiments of infantry, and six troops of cavalry were authorised to be enlisted, to serve during the existing differences between the United States and the French Republic, unless they should be sooner dis- charged. (19) See acts passed on the day above mentioned ; vol. iii. ch. 84. Ibid. ch. 85. (20) Act 28th May, 17'98; vol. iii. ch. 64. (21) Act 16th July, 1798; vol, iii. ch. 93. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 559 In 1799,(^^) a Medical Establishment was authorised, to be attached to the army; it was composed of one physician general; one apothecary general, with one or more deputies; one purveyor; a competent number of hospital surgeons, and a suitable number of mates. One steward, and a competent number of nurses, were attached to each hospital. An additional military force, consisting of twenty-four regiments of infantry, one regiment and one battalion of riflemen, one battaUon of artillerists and en- gineers, and three regiments of cavalry, were authorised to be raised for the service of the United States ;(23) the whole or any part of the force aforesaid, might be discharged whenever the President should see fit. The ensigns and cornets of the army, were, in future, to be denominated se^ eond lieutenants. Two regiments of infantry or cavalry constituted a brigade, commanded by a brigadier general. Two brigades composed a division; every diyision was com- manded by a major general. There was one commander of the army, who was commissioned " General of the Armies of the United States;" and the title of lieutenant general was abolished. The President was authorised to appoint the following officers, viz : one quar- ter-master general, with the rank of major general; to any army, other than that in which the quarter-master general served, there was attached one deputy quarter-master general. Every division was entitled to have one division quar- ter-master; and each brigade was allowed one brigade quarter-master. One deputy inspector general was allowed to any army, other than to that in which the inspector general served. Every division had one division inspector, and every brigade one brigade inspector. The adjutant general was ex officio inspec- tor general. Every deputy inspector general was ex officio deputy adjutant general, and he was directed to perform the duties of adjutant general, in the army to wliich he might be attached. The inspectors of divisions did not rank higher than a major; the inspectors of brigades, the aids of a major general; the quarter-masters of divisions, and the assistants to the adjutant general, did not rank higher than a captain ; the aid of brigadier general, and the quarter-master of a brigade, did not rank higher than a lieutenant. (22) Act 2d March, X/QQ; vol. iii. ch. 157> (23) Act 2d March, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 137- 560 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. Two aids de camp were allowed to each major general, and one aid to each brigadier general. The President was authorised to appoint two additional engineers, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and one inspector of fortifications. (^^ The Secretary for the Department of War, in a report, dated I3th of January, 1800, said, that of the twelve regiments of infantry and six troops of cavalry, authorised to be raised in virtue of the act of the I6th of July, 1798, vol. iii, ch. 93, three thousand three hundred and ninety-nine men had been enlisted up to November, 1799. By an act, passed on the 20th of February, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 163, the enlist- ments under the act of the I6th Jidy, 1798, were suspended, until the further order of Congress. In 1800,^^*- a convention was concluded at Paris, between the United States and the French Republic, by which their differences were amicably settled. In 1802,(^®^ the military peace establishment, was formed and completed, from the officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates in the army of the United States. After the 1st of June, 1802, this establishment consisted of one regiment of artillerists, and two regiments of infantry, together with such officers, military agents and engineers, as will be hereafter enumerated. The general staff of the peace establishment, consisted of one brigadier general, with one aid de camp, one adjutant and inspector of the army, one paymaster of the army, seven paymasters, two assistant paymasters, three mUitary agents, such number of asssistant military agents as the President should deem expedient, not to exceed one to each miUtary post, two surgeons, and twenty- five surgeons' mates, who were attached to garrisons or posts, and not to corps. The troops of the peace establishment, in the aggregate, amounted to three thousand, two hundred and eighty-four officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, exclusive of the assistant military agents. In 1808,^^'^) an additional force, to consist of five regiments of infantry, one regiment of riflemen, one regiment of light infantry, and one regiment of light dragoons, was authorised to be enlisted for five years, unless sooner discharged. The aggregate of the force aforesaid, when completed, amounted to six thousand six hundred and one officers,^^*^ non-commissioned officers, musicians (24) Act 3d March, 1799: vol. iii. ch. 154. sect. 17 and 18. (25) On the 30th of September, 1800. (26) Act 16th March, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 269. (27) Act 12th April, 1808; vol. iv. ch. 147. (28) The commissioned and staff officers, appointed by virtue of the above recited act, were required to be citizens of the United States, or of one of the territories thereof. 'Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 561 ;and privates ; which, together with the troops composing the peace establishment, constituted a grand total of nine thousand eight hundred and eighty-five men. The additional force above mentioned, was not raised for the service of the United States; the act of the 12th of April, 1808, was not executed. From a general return of the army, made from the returns, dated the 30th of November, 1810, it appears, that the military force of the United States, instead of being ■composed of an aggregate of nine thousand nine hundred and twenty officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates and agents, consisted only of five thousand seven hundi^ed and eighty-eight ; the troops, according to the returns above referred to, were as follows, viz : 1, Those composing the "Military Peace Establishment;" they consisted of ca- dets, non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers and privates, making a total of two thousand four hundred and two. I'he aggregate of this force, exclusive of the adjutant and inspector, adjutants, district paymasters and assistant military agents, all of whom were included as officers of the line, being . . . 2,576 2. The troops composing the "Additional Military Force;" they consist- ed of cadets, non-commissioned officers, musicians, artificers and privates, making a total of three thousand and three. The aggregate of this force, exclusive of the brigade inspector, brigade quarter-masters, aids de camp, adjutants, assistant regimental paymasters, who were included as officers* of the line, amounted to 3,212 Making a grand total of 5,788 In 1811,(29) Congress enacted that the additional military force, authorised by the act of the I2th of April, 1808, should " be immediately completed." In 1812,^^°) ten regiments of infantry, two regiments of artillery, and one re- giment of light dragoons, were directed to be raised immediately ; to serve dur- ing five years, unless sooner discharged. The military establishment of the United States, when completed, would con- sist of thirty-five thousand, five hundred and seventy-nine officers, non-commis- sioned officers, musicians and privates, viz : Of the peace establishment, authorised in 1802 3 284 Of the additional force, authorised in 1808 6 601 Of the regiments authorised in January, 1812 25,682 Of the quarter-master's department, authorised in 1812^^') . . 12 Tot al, 35,579 (29) Act 24th December, 1811 ; vol. iv. ch. 333. (30) Act llth January, 1812 ; vol. iv. ch. SSr (31) Act 28th Marcli, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 369. 6 H 562 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. Seven companies of rangers, and a corps of artificers, were also authorised to be raised. (^^) In 1813, twenty regiments of infantry were authorised to be enlisted for one year/33) Besides the troops aforesaid, ten additional companies of rangers ;(^) a corps of topographical engineers,^^^) and a corps of sea fencibles,^^^) were allowed for the public service. In 1814,^^''^ three regiments of riflemen were authorised. The President was empowered to accept and organise such corps of volunteers, as might tender theu* services ; limiting the number to fifty thousand.^^*) The volunteers were to fur- nish their own clothing and equipments, unless it should be otherwise provided for by law; during their service, they were treated in every respect as the troops of the regular army ; and were subject to the rules and articles established for the government of the army. The several acts passed preparatory to, and during the late war with Great Britain, and prior to the 17 th of October, 1814, authorised the raising of sixty- two thousand, four hundred and forty-eight^^*) officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates for the several corps of the army of the United States. The forces of the United States upon the war establishment were never com- pleted. In our country, enlistments are voluntary ; it may readily be supposed, wherever personal liberty is secured by the laws ; where it is common to pos- sess a fi'eehold, and where labour is paid for at a very high rate, that an army, of great extent, must be recruited vv4th difficulty. The people of the United States reluctantly abandon the comforts and privileges of civil life, to place themselves in situations where they must acknowledge a superior. During eight months, from February to September, 1814, both inclusive, the whole number of the recruits enlisted, pm^uant to the act of 27th of January, 1814, amounted to thirteen thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight. In the month of April, the enlistments were the most numerous, and amounted to 2,501; in February, they were the fewest, and amounted to OSO-^*") In the letter which accompanied these returns, it was said, " that twenty-six thousand and seventeen men, at least, must have been raised smce January last," the period therein embraced, was nine months, and the enlistments were at the rate of 2,890 per month. (32) Acts 2d January, vol. iv. ch. 334; 23d April, vol. iv. ch. 382, and 1st July, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 442. (33) Act 29th January, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 480. (34) Act 25th February, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 496. (35) Act 3d March, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 517. (36) Act 26th July, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 555. (37) Act 10th February, 1814, vol. iv. ch. 599. (38) Letter of the Secretary of War, dated 17th of October, 1814. (39) Acts 6th February, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 344 ; 29th of January, 1813, vol. iv. ch. 480; 6th of July. 1812, vol. iv. ch. 461 ; 24th February, 1814, vol. iv. ch. 604 ; 27th January, 1815, vol. iv. ch. 707. (40) Return of the adjutant and inspector general, dated 2d November, 1814. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 563 The strength of the army was stated as follows, viz : In February, 1813, at , . 18,945 men. June, 1813, at 27,609 do. December, 1813, at 34,325 do. During 1813, the average strength of the volunteers was stated at 6,000. The militia in the service of the United States, during 1813, from the best docu- ments in the office of the paymaster, and they were acknowledged to be incom- plete, were estimated at 30,000 including the officers.^*') In 1814, the troops, composing the army of the United States, were as fol- lows, viz: In the month of Januaiy, 23,614 men. June, 27,528 do. December, 32,360 do. The above aggregates include the commissioned officers of every grade. In February, 1815, the aggregate of the troops of the army, amounted to 32,160; of whom 15,914 were returned as having enlisted to serve during five years, and 16,246 to serve during the war. The troops composing the army of the United States in February, 1815, con- sisted of the following corps, viz: Corps of Infantry, 25,171 Artaiery, 3,497 Riflemen, 1,818 Dragoons, 1,001 Light Artillery 673 32,160 Exclusive of commissioned officers. A return, dated 30th September, 1814, stated the non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates to be 27,679 The general staff and other commissioned officers 1,773 Making an aggregate of 29,452 Besides the 29,452 above mentioned, 7,690 recruits were returned as being at the several recruiting rendezvous within the United States.^*^) The war between the United States and Great Britain was terminated by a (41) Letter of the Secretary of War, dated 10th February, 1814. (42) The above statements are founded on the returns in the War Department. 564 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. treaty of peace, signed at Ghent, on the 24th of December, 1814, and ratified at the City of Washington, on the I8th of February, 1815. Pursuant to the order of the Secretary of War, dated in September, 1816, the regiments of the army of the United States, ranked as follows, viz: 1. The Light Artillery. 2. The Light Dragoons. 3. The Foot Artillery. 4. The Infantry. T According to the numbers of the regi- 5. The Riflemen. J ments respectively. 6. The Volunteers in the service ~1 According to the numbers given to of the United States. |. them respectively by the general 7. The Militia Drafts. j commanding the district. The regulation was confined to parades. On all other occasions, regiments xvere drawn up in the way directed by the general, or other commanding office'r. In all cases in which command had not been specially given, the eldest officer, whether of cavalry, of artillery, or of infantry, commanded. Brevet rank gave no precedence nor command, except on detachments, and courts martial.^*^^ Officers of the regular army of the same grade with those of the volunteers and militia, had precedence of these, whatever may have been the dates of then- respective commissions. There was no precedence between staff" departments. The officers assigned to them took rank, first, from the brevets they held, and secondly, from the rank they respectively had in the line. The rank, between army and navy officers, is as follows, viz : Commodores of squadrons, being Captains, rank with Brigadier Generals. Captains with Colonels. Masters Commandants with Majors. Lieutenants with Captains. The rank and precedence of sea officers, takes place according to the seniortiy of their respective commissions. (43) In 1812, (act 6th July, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 460,) the President was authorised to confer brevet rank on such officers of the army as should distinguish tliemselves by gallant actions, or meritorious conduct, or who should have served ten years in any one grade. The officers who have brevet commissions, receive the pay and emoluments of their brevet rank when on duty, and having a command according to their brevet rank, and at no other time. In future no brevet commission can be conferred, but with the advice and consent of the Senate. See act 16th April, 1818. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 565 SECTION II. OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CORPS WHICH COMPOSED THE ARMY. I, Of the Light Artillery. In 1808,^**) one regiment was authorised, and consisted often companies. The field and staff officers were one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one quarter master, one paymaster, one surgeon, one sur- geon's mate, one serjeant major, one quarter master Serjeant, and two principal musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, two cadets, four seijeants, four corporals, two musicians, eight artificers, and fifty-eight matrosses. In 1812,^*'^ twelve drivers of artillery, were allowed to each company of the light artillery, in addition to the non-commissioned officers and privates of the regiment ; the drivers performed duty in the ranks, when the company was not mounted. In 1813,^*°) one major was added to the regiment, and one third lieutenant and one serjeant to each company. In 1815,^*''^ the regiment of light artillery was retained on the Peace esta- blishment; the organization was that prescribed in the act of the 12th of April, 1808, and in the aggregate consisted of six hundred and sixty men. In 1818,^**) the company officers in the fight artillery were, one captain, one first and two second lieutenants ; one of the second lieutenants acts as conduc- tor of artUlery, and accounts for all the ammunition, implements, and cannon. II. Of the Cavalry and Light Dragoons. In 1796,^*') each of the two companies of light dragoons consisted of one captain, two lieutenants, one cornet, four Serjeants, four corporals, one farrier, one saddler, one trumpeter, and fifty-two privates. (44) Act 12th A.pril, 1808; vol. iv. ch. 147. (45) Act 16th May, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 409. (46) Act 20th January, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 477. (47) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 7cO. (48) Act 20th April, 1818. (49) Act 30th May, 1796 ; vol. ii. ch. 333. 6 I 566 Of the Military Establislment of the United States. In 1799,(^'') each of the three regiments of cavalry consisted of one lieutenant colonel commandant, two majors, one adjutant, one quarter-master, and one paymaster, each being a lieutenant; one surgeon, and two surgeon's mates. Ten captains, ten first and ten second Ueutenants, besides the three lieutenants above mentioned; ten cadets, two Serjeant majors, two quarter-master seijeants, two chief musicians, one first and one second; ten other musicians, forty seijeants, forty corporals, and nine hundred and twenty privates, including ten saddlers, ten blacksmiths, and ten bootmakers ; which, together, formed five squadi'ons, and each squadron was composed of two companies. Two regiments of cavalry formed a brigade. This force was disbanded, in virtue of the act passed on the 16th of March, 1802, vol. iii. ch. 269. In 1808,(") a regiment of light dragoons was authorised, and consisted of eight troops. The field and staffs officers were one colonel, one heutenant colo- nel, one major, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, one surgeon's mate, one seijeant major, one quarter-master seijeant, two prin- cipal musicians and one riding master. Each troop consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one cornet, two cadets, four seijeants, four corporals, two musicians, one saddler, one farrier, and sixty-four privates. In 181 2,^^^) the additional regiment of light dragoons, formed two battahons, each battalion was composed of six companies. The field and staff" officers of the regiment were, one colonel, two lieutenant colonels, two majors, two adju- tants, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, two seijeant majors, two quarter-master seijeants, and two senior musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one comet, two cadets, four Serjeants, four corporals, one saddler, one farrier, one trumpeter, and eighty privates. One riding master was added to this regi- ment, and one surgeon's mate to that authorised on the 12th of April, 1808.^*^> Pursuant to the last recited act, each troop of cavalry or light dragoons, con- sisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one cornet, fom' Ser- jeants, six corporals, two musicians, one master of the sword, one saddler, one farrier, one blacksmith, and sixty-four privates. In 1813,^'*^ one major was added to the first regiment of light dragoons, and one third lieutenant, and one seijeant, to each troop and company. In 1814,(*^) the two regiments of light dragoons were organised into one (50) Act 3d March, 1799; vol. iii. ch. 154. (51) Act 12th April, 1808, vol. iv. ch. 147. (52) Act nth January, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 337. (53) Act 26th June, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 431. (54) Act 20th January, 1813; vol, iv. ch. 477. (55) Act 30th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 625 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 567 regiment, and consisted of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, two majors, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, one seijeant major, one quarter-master serjeant, one principal musician, and one principal farrier. The regiment was composed of eight troops, and each troop consisted of one captain, one first, one second and one third Ueutenants, one cornet, five Serjeants, eight corporals, one riding master, one master of the sword, two trumpeters, one farrier, one blacksmith, one saddler, and ninety-six privates. In 1815,(^*) the cavalry and light dragoons were discharged. III. Of the Corps of Artillery. In 1794,^^'^) the corps of artillerists and engineers consisted of nine hundred and ninety-two men, exclusive of the commissioned officers. It was organised into four battahons; having one lieutenant colonel commandant, one adjutant, and one surgeon. Each battalion consisted of one major, one adjutant, one pay- master, and one surgeon's mate; and was composed of four companies; each company consisted of one captain, two lieutenants, two cadets, four Serjeants, four corporals, forty-two privates, sappers and miners, and ten artificers, who served as privates, and two musicians. In 17 99,*^'*) a regiment of artillery consisted of one lieutenant colonel com- mandant, four majors, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, each being a lieutenant, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, sixteen captains, thirty- two lieutenants in addition to the three before mentioned, thirty-two cadets, four Serjeant majors, four quarter-master Serjeants, sixty-four Serjeants, sixty-four corporals, one chief musician, ten other musicians, and eight hundred and ninety- six privates, including one hundred and twenty-eight artificers ; which together formed four battalions, and each battalion consisted of four companies. In 1802,^'^^ one regiment of artillery was retained on the peace establishment; it consisted of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, four majors, one adjutant; and was composed of twenty companies, formed into five battalions. Each com- pany consisted of one captain, one first, and one second Ueutenants, two ca- dets, four Serjeants, four corporals, four musicians, eight artificers and fifty-six privates. In 1803,(^°^ two teachers of music were added to the regiment of artillery. (56) Act 3d March, 1815 ; vol, iv. ch. 760. (57) Act 9th May, 1794 ; vol. ii. ch. 200. (58) Act 3d March, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 154. (59) Act 16th March, 1802; vol. iii, ch. 269. (60) Act 28th February, 1803 ; vol. iii. ch. 326. 568 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. In 181 2/^'^ each of the two additional regiments of artiUery, was composed of twenty companies, and formed two battahons. The field and staff officers of each regiment were one colonel, two Ueutenant colonels, two majors, two adju- tants, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, two seijeant majors, two quarter-master seijeants and two senior musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second Ueutenants, two car dets, four Serjeants, four corporals, eight artificers, two musicians and seventy-two privates. In 1813,^^^^ one third lieutenant, and one seijeant, were added to each com- pany. In 1814,^®^^ the first, second and third regiments of artillery were formed into one corps, and organised into twelve battalions, as follows, viz : six lieutenant colonels, six majors, twelve adjutants and twelve quarter-masters. The battahons were composed of forty-eight companies; each company consisted of one cap- tain, one first, two second and one third lieutenants, five Serjeants, one quarter- master seijeant, eight corporals, four musicians and one hundred privates. One of the second lieutenants acted as conductor of artillery to each company. In 1815,^®*^ the artillery retained on the peace establishment, was organised pursuant to the act of the 30th March, 1814. The number allowed was discre- tionary with the President; he retained thirty-two companies, or eight battahons, consisting of three thousand and two hundred men, in the service. In 1818,^®*) one armorer was attached to each battalion of the corps of artil- lery; and the company officers of the corps were directed to consist of one captain, two first and two second Ueutenants. IV. Of the Infantry. In 1796,^^^) four regiments of infantry composed a part of the mihtaiy esta- blishment. Each regiment was formed of eight companies, and consisted of one lieutenant colonel commandant, two majors, one adjutant, one paymaster, one quarter-master, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, eight captains, eight lieute- nants, eight ensigns, two seijeant majors, two quarter-master Serjeants, two senior musicians, thirty-two seijeants, thu'ty-two corporals, sixteen musicians, and four hundred and sixteen privates. In 1799,^®''^ each regiment of infantry, consisted of one hcutenant colond com- mandant, two majors, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one (61) Act 11th January, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 557. (es) Act 20th January, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 477. (63) Act 30th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 625. (64) Act 3d A;arch, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 760. (65) Act 20th April, 1818. (66) Act 30th xVlay, 1796 ; vol. ii. ch. 333. (67) Act 3d March, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 154. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 569 surgeon, two surgeon's mates, ten captains, ten first and ten second lieutenants, besides the lieutenants who were the adjutants, quarter-master and paymaster ; ten cadets, two serjeant majors, two quarter-master Serjeants, two chief musicians, one first and one second, twenty other musicians, forty Serjeants, forty corporals and nine hundred and twenty privates ; which together formed two battalions, each battalion consisting of five companies. Two regiments of infantry composed a brigade, and was commanded by a brigadier general. In 1802,^**) two regiments of infantry were retained on the peace establishment, each of them was formed of ten companies. The field and staff officers of each regiment, were one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one seijeant major and two teachers of music. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, one ensign, four Serjeants, four corporals, four musicians and sixty-four privates. In 1808,^^^^ each of the five additional regiments of infantry, was formed of ten companies. The field and staff officers were one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, one surgeon's mate, one serjeant major, one quarter-master serjeant and two principal musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, one ensign, two cadets, four Serjeants, four corporals, two musicians and sixty-eight privates. In 1812,^''°^ each regiment of infantry consisted of eighteen companies, and formed two battalions. The field and staff officers of each regiment were one colonel, two lieutenant colonels, two majors, two adjutants, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, two serjeant majors, two quarter-master Serjeants and two senior musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and second lieutenants, one ensign, four Serjeants, four corporals, two musicians and one hundred privates. It was ordered, that the infantry of the United States, should consist of twenty- five regiments, and each regiment of ten companies. ^''^^ The field and staff officers of each regiment, were one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one paymaster, one quarter-master, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, one serjeant major, one quarter-master serjeant and two principal musicians. (68) Act 16th March, 1802 ; vol. iii. ch. 269. (69) Act 12th April, 1808; vol. iv. ch. 147. (70) Act nth January, 1812 ; vol. iv. ch. 337. (71) Act 26th June, 1812 ; vol. iv. ch. 43L 6 K 570 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, one ensign, four Serjeants, six corporals, two musicians and ninety privates. In 1813,(''2) one major was added to each of the regiments of infantry, and one third lieutenant and one seijeant to each company. Twenty regiments of infantry were authorised to be enlisted for one year,^^^? if not sooner discharged. The organization of these regiments was pursuant to the acts of the 26th of June, 1812, and 20th of January, 1813. In 1815,^''*) eight regiments, each consisting often companies, and in the ag- gregate amounting to five thousand four hundred and forty men, were retained on the Peace establishment. The field and staff officers of each regiment, were one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one paymaster, one surgeon, two surgeon's mates, one seijeant major, one quarter- master Serjeant and two principal musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, four Serjeants, four corporals, two musicians and sixty-eight privates. In 1818,^") one armorer was attached to each regiment of infantry. V. Of the Riflemen. In 1799,^''^) the corps of riflemen was organised as the infantry of the United States. In 1808,^'^'') the regiment of ilflemen consisted often companies, organised as the infantry regiments. In 1813,^^^*^ one major was added to the regiment, and one third lieutenant, and one seijeant, to each company. In 1814,^''^^ each regiment of riflemen was composed of ten companies. The field and staff" officers of each regiment, were one colonel, one Ueutenant colonel, two majors, one adjutant, one paymaster, one quarter-master, one surgeon, one surgeon's mate, one seijeant major, one quarter-master seijeant, and two prmci- pal musicians. Each company consisted of one captain, one fli'st, one second and one third Ueutenants, one ensign, five seijeants, four corporals, two musicians and ninety privates. (72) Act 20th January, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 477". (73) Act 29th January, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 480. (74) Act 3d March, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 760. (75) Act 20th April, 1818. (76) Act 3d March, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 154. I??) An act 12th April, 1808 ; vol. iv. ch. 147. (78) Act 20th January, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 477. (79) Act 10th February, 1814 ; vol. iv. ch. 599. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 51i 111 181 5,^*°^ one regiment of riflemen composed of ten companies, and six hundi-ed and eighty men, was retained on the Peace establishment. The orga- nisation was that for the infantry retained on that establishment. In 1818,("> one armorer was attached to the regiment of riflemen. VI. Q/" the Corps of Artificers. In 1812,^*^) a corps of artificers was attached to the quarter-master general's de- partment, and was made subject to the orders of the officers thereof The corps consisted of one superintendent, who was appointed by the President of the United States, four assistants, two master masons, two master carpenters, two master blacksmiths, two master boat-buUders, two master armorers, two master saddle and harness makers, twenty house carpenters, five ship carpenters, twenty black- smiths, sixteen boat-builders, sixteen armorers, twelve saddle and harness ma- kers and twenty-four labourers. The persons aforesaid, were authorised to be selected from the privates of the army, by the commanding general, or they might be engaged from among the citizens by the superintendent. The superintendent was directed to make a report of the corps, once in every month, to the quarter-master general, and on oath, to make out the pay roU ; he was also directed to execute aU such orders as he might receive from the Secretary of War, from any officer of the quarter-master's department, or from the officer commanding in the field or garrison to which his corps, or any part thereof, might be attached. This corps was not retained on the Peace establishment in 1815. VII. Of the Topographical Engineers. In 1818,^*^^ this corps was established; it formed a part of the adjutant gene- ral's, inspector general's, and quarter-master general's departments, and consist- ed of eight topographical engineers, and eight assistant topographical engineers. The topographical engineers held the brevet rank, and received the pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry ; the assistants held the brevet rank, and re- ceived the pay and emoluments of a captain of infantry. The President was permitted to take the topographical engineers from the line of the army ; it was positively directed, that the assistants should be taken from the line. (80) Act 3d March, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 760. (81) Act 20th April, 1818. (82) Act 23d April, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 382. (83) Act 3d March, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 51T. 572 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. The topographical engineers and the assistants were directed to make such surveys as the commanding general should require ; to make plans of all mili- tary positions, which the army might occupy, and of their respective vicinities; pointing out the various roads, rivers, creeks, ravines, hills, woods, and villages, which were found therein ; it was also their duty to accompany all reconnoiter- ing parties, sent out to obtain intelligence of the movements of the enemy, or of his positions, ^c. ; to make sketches of their route, accompanied by written notices of every thing worthy of observation; to keep a journal of every day's movement, when the army was in march, noticing the varieties of the ground. of buildings, of culture, and the distance and state of the roads between given points, throughout the march of the day ; and lastly, to exliibit the relative po- sitions of the contending armies on fields of battle, and the dispositions made, whether for attack or defence. VIII. Of the Corps of Rangers. In 1812,^**^ six companies of rangers were authorised, to serve on foot or mounted, as the service might require. Each company consisted of one captain, one first and one second lieutenants, one ensign, four Serjeants, four corporals, and sixty privates. An additional company of rangers was authorised,^'^^ In 1813,^*®) ten additional companies were authorised. Each of them consisted of one captain, one first, one second, and one third lieutenants, one ensign, five seijeants, six corporals, and ninety privates. ^^''^ IX. Of the Sea Fencibles. In 1813,(**) the President was authorised to raise as many companies of sea fencibles as he might deem necessary, not to exceed ten; they were employed as well on land as on water, for the defence of the ports and harbom's of the United States. Each company consisted of one captain, one first, one second, and one third lieutenants ; one boatswain, six gunners, six quarter gunners, and ninety men. The Pre^dent was also authorised, to appoint all the oflScers. (84) Act 2d January, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 334. (85) Act 1st July, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 442. {86) Act 25th February, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 496. (87) Act 2d August, 1813; voL iv. ch. 569. <88) Act 26th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 555. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 573 X. Of the Ordna?ice Department. In 1812/*®^ an Ordnance Department was established. It consisted of a com- missary general of ordnance, an assistant commissary general, four deputy commissaries and as many assistant deputy commissaries as the President should think proper, provided they did not exceed eight. The commissary general was authorised to employ as many wheelwrights, carriage-makers, blacksmiths and labourers as the public service might require. In 1813,^^"^ the President was authorised to appoint as many additional deputy commissaries of ordnance, not exceeding five, as he should think necessary for the public service. In 1815,(»') the act of the 14th of May, 1812, and all parts of other acts, in as far as they related to the ordnance department, were repealed. Thereafter the department consisted of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, two majors, ten captains, ten first, ten second and ten third lieutenants. The colonel or senior officer was authorised to enlist, for five years, as many master armorers, master carriage-makers, master blacksmiths, artificers, armorers, carriage-ma- kers, blacksmiths, and labourers, as the service in this department might require. The following duties were assigned to the colonel, viz : " to direct the inspec- tion and proving of all pieces of ordnance, cannon balls, shot, shells, small arms, and side arms, and equipments, procured for the use of the armies of the United States; and to direct the construction of all cannon and carriages, and every implement and apparatus for ordnance, and all ammunition waggons, traveUing forges, and artificer's waggons, the inspection and proving of powder, and the preparation of all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores. To furnish esti- mates, and, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, to make contracts and purchases, for procuring the necessaiy suppUes of arms, equipments, ordnance, and ordnance stores." The colonel was directed to organize and attach to regiments, corps or gar- risons, the necessary number of artificers, to be equipped under such regula- tions as he, with the approbation of the Secretary of War, might adopt. It was further his duty, to report semi-annually, to the Secretary of War, the officers, artificers and labourers in his department, as well as the ordnance, arms, militarj' (89) Act 14th May, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 406. (90) Act 2d August, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 578. (91) Act 8th February, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 720. 6 L 574 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. stores, implements, and apparatus of every description. The armories of the United States were placed under the direction of the ordnance department, and the colonel was authorised to establish depots of arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores, wheresoever they were deemed necessary. The colonel or senior officer of the department, was directed to execute all the orders of the Secretary of War, and in time of war, the orders of any general, or field officer, commanding, in so far as they related to the supply of arms, ordnance, ammuni- tion, carriages, forges and apparatus for garrison, field, or siege service. XI. Of the Qiiarter-Mastefs and Purchasing Department S^^^ In 1812,^^^) a quarter-master's department was established; it consisted of one quarter-master general, four deputy quarter-masters, and as many assistant deputy quarter-masters, as the President should think necessary. The quarter- master general, his deputies and assistant deputies, in addition to their duties in the field, under the direction of the Secretary of War, purchased military stores, camp equipage, and other articles required for the troops, and provided means of transport for the army, its stores, artillery and camp equipage. A commissary general of purchases, and as many deputy commissaries as the President should think proper, were authorised. The commissary, under the direction of the Secretary of War, procured all the arms, military stores, cloth- ing, and all articles of supply required for the military service ; the deputy com- missaries procured the articles aforesaid, whenever they were directed to do so by the Secretary of War, the commissary general, and, in cases of necessity, by the commanding general, quarter-master general, or deputy quarter-masters. The quarter-master general and the commissary general were not allowed to be concerned in commerce, or to be the owner in whole or in part of any sea vessel, or to purchase public lands, the public securities of the United States, or of any state, or any other public property. (92) In 1795. (act 23d February,) a purveyor of public supplies, in the department of the Treasury, was appointed to procure all arms, military and naval stores, provisions, clothing, Indian goods, and generally all articles of supply requisite for the service of the United States, and he was allowed 2,000 dollars per annum. In 1798, (act 16th Julyj) the purveyor was directed to execute all such orders from the Secretaries of War and the Navy, as related to the procuring of all kind of stores and supplies ; and the provisions of former acts, so far as they were repugnant to those just recited, were repealed. In 1812, (act 28th March,) after the 31st of May, the office of purveyor of public supplies was abolished; all the stores and public property which he held, were directed to be delivered to the commissary general or to one of his deputies. (93) Act 28th March, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 369. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 575 The quarter-master general was authorised to appoint a principal waggon- master, and as many waggon-masters as he should judge necessary, not exceed- ing one to each brigade ; to provide and conduct the waggons and other means of transport, necessary for the military service. The quarter-master general was also authorised to appoint one principal forage-master, and as many assistant forage-masters as the service might require, not to exceed one to each brigade, who provided and deUvered out the forage necessary for the military service. Four conductors of artillery were authorised ; and so much of any acts, as re- spected the appointment of mUitary agents and assistant military agents, was repealed. In 1818,^^*) so much of the act of the 24th of April, 1816, as related to the quarter-master general of division, was repealed ; in future the quarter-master's department was directed to consist of one quarter-master general, with the rank, pay, and emoluments of a brigadier general, two deputy quarter-masters general, four assistant deputy quarter-masters general, and as many assistant deputy quarter-masters general as the President may deem proper, not to ex- ceed twelve in the whole. In the same year,^^') as soon as the President should deem it expedient, a commissary general might be appointed, v^ith the rank, pay, and emoluments of colonel of ordnance ; and as many assistants, to be taken from the subalterns of the line, as the service might require. The commissary and assistants aforesaid are to perform such duties in purchasing and issuing rations to the army as the President may direct : they are subject to martial law, and cannot, for them- selves, be concerned in the purchase or sale of any article entering into the composition of the ration aUowed to the troops. The assistants to the commis- sary general receive twenty dollars per month in addition to their pay in the line. XII. Of the Corps of Engineers and the Military Academy. In 1802,^'^) the Engineers were estabhshed as an independent corps; formerly they were attached to the artillery.^"') The corps consisted of one engineer, with the rank and pay of a major; two assistant engineers, vdth the rank and pay of captains ; two other assistant engineers, with the rank and pay of first lieute- .(94) Act 20th April, 1818. (95) Act 20th April, 1818. (96) Act 16th March, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 269. (97) In 1798, act 16th July, 1798, vol. iii. ch. 93, the President was authorised to appoint four teachers of the arts and sciences, for the instruction of the artillerists and engineers. 576 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. nants; two other assistant engineers, with the rank and pay of second lieute- nants ; and ten cadets. The President was authorised to make promotions, with a view to particular merit, and without regard to rank, provided it should not be increased beyond one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, two majors, four cap- tains, four first lieutenants, and four second lieutenants ; and that the corps, in the aggregate, should not, at any time, exceed twenty officers and cadets. The corps, when organised, was directed to be stationed at West Point, in the state of New- York, and then to constitute a Military Academy. The principal engineer, and in his absence, the officer next in rank, is the superintendent of the academy, and acts in pursuance of the orders of the Presi- dent of the United States. Useful books, implements and apparatus were pro- cured by the Secretary of the Department of War. In 1803,^^^) one teacher of the French language, and a teacher of drawing, were attached to the corps. In 1812,^^^) two captains, two first lieutenants, and two second lieutenants, were authorised to be added to the corps of engineers, and a paymaster was appointed from the subalterns of the corps. Four Serjeants, four corporals, one teacher of music, four musicians, nineteen artificers, and sixty-two men, were authorised to be added to the non-commissioned officers, artificers and men already attached to the engineers ; and they were allowed to be taken from the troops in the public service, or to be obtained by new enlistments. Thus con- stituted they were oi'ganised into a company of bombardiers, sappers and miners, and officered from the engineers, in the manner prescribed by the officer com- manding the corps, acting with the approbation of the President. The Military Academy was now composed of the corps of engineers, the teachers of the French language and of drawing, and the following professors, viz : one professor of natural and experimental philosophy, with the -pay and emoluments of a lieutenant colonel ; one professor of mathematics, with the pay and emoluments of a major; one professor of the art of engineering in all its branches, with the pay and emoluments of a major. Each of the professors above mentioned was allowed an assistant professor, who was taken fi'om the most promising of the officers or cadets, and they were entitled to the pay and emoluments of captains. The academic staff, as such, has no command in the army separate from the academy. ^'""^ (98) Act 28th February, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 326. (99) Act 29th of April, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 395. (100) The station of West Point is exclusively appropriated to the use of the Military Academy. No officer of the army is allowed to exercise any command at that station, unless acting under the special order of the Secretary of War, and even then, he has no authority to meddle with the police or regula- tions of the academy. Rule from the Department of War, dated 3d January, 1815. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 577 The number of the cadets, at no time is allowed to exceed two hundred and fifty. They may be attached, at the discretion of the President, as students to the Military Academy, and be subject to the regulations of the institution ; they are arranged into companies of non-commissioned officers and privates, pursuant to the directions of the commandant of engineers, from which corps they are to be officered for the purposes of military instruction. Four musicians were added to each company of cadets. Organised as aforesaid, they are trained and taught all the duties of a private, non-commissioned officer and officer; they must re- main encamped at least three months of each year, and they are instructed in all that relates to a regular camp. The candidates for cadets must not be under fourteen, nor above the age of twenty-one yeai-s ; they must be able to read correctly, to write a fan- legible hand and have acquired a knowledge of the rules of arithmetic ; of the niles of reduction, of single and compound proportion, and of vulgar and decimal frac- tions, so as to perform these various operations with facility and accuracy. Every cadet, with the consent of his parent or guardian, must sign articles, by which he engages to serve five years, unless he be sooner discharged. Every cadet, who may have received a regular degree from the academical staff", after having passed through all the classes, is considered as among the candidates for a commission in any corps, according to the duties he may be judged competent to perform. When there shall be no vacancy in such corps, he may be attached to it, at the discretion of the President, by brevet of the lowest grade, as a supernumerary officer, with the pay and emoluments of such grade, and there remain until a vacancy takes place : provided, that not more than one supernumerary officer be, at any time, attached to any one company. Twenty-five thousand dollars were appropriated for erecting buildings, and for providing an apparatus, a library and all necessary implements, and for such contingent expenses, as should be proper in the judgment of the President. The choice for a commander of the corps of engineers, was not limited to the officers who composed the corps. In I8i5,('°^^ twenty thousand dollars were appropriated, for the purposes already enumerated. The corps of engineers, was retained on the peace establishment. In 1816,^^°^^ the President was authorised to employ an additional assistant, to be attached to the corps of engineers. (101) Act 3d March. 1815; vol. iv. ch. r60. (102) Joint resolution of Congress, of the 29th April, 1816. 6 M 578 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the number of the Cadets in the Military Academy at TVest Point. FROM WHAT STATES, 8cc. Number on the 30th of September, 1816. Number on the 30th of September, 1817. New-Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Vermont New- York New-Jersey Pennsylvania . Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentacky Tennessee Ohio Louisiana Indiana Territory Michigan do. Missouri do. District of Columbia Valparaza 2 20 2 2 7 54 10 12 6 29 38 9 11 8 4 6 1 2 3 1 21 4 252 1 5 7 42 9 15 6 25 32 9 13 5 5 9 9 1 3 2 1 20 248 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 579 From 1801, to 1806, on the average, the cadets amounted to sixteen, whose personal expense^'°^) was 7,854 dollars; from 1806 to 1811, they amounted to forty-three, and the annual expense to 15,360 doUars; from 1812 to 1813 in- clusive, the number was sixty, and the annual expense 31,520 dollars; from 1814 to 1816 inclusive, there were two hundred cadets, and the annual expense was 87,820 doUars. The following Statement exhibits the " maximum number of cadets at the Academy, between the commencement and end of each year," viz : In Years. 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 Cadets. 8 Years. In 1809 8 1810 11 1811 18 1812 25 1813 26 1814 28 1815 50 1816 Cadets. 51 52 38 18 86 196 202 208 In 1814, of those who had been educated at West Point in the Military Academy, there were In the General Staff of the Army 5 Corps of Engineers 17 Ordnance Department 9 Artillery 60 Infantry 6 Total, 97(10*^ (103) The " personal" expenses are such as will be constant, and augment in proportion to the number of the cadets ; the expenditures for books, maps, plans, models Cor buildings and other accommodations, are not included under the title above mentioned. (104) Letter of the Acting Secretary of War, dated 11th February, 1817. S80 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. o NX £3 B o 00 i i-s o ■*5 » S -I O ^ I o CO a; C o Chaplain Depart- ment. •SUlBjdBHQ o> ■J 1 1 i •sa:^Bj^ SjUoaSjng nosixrejc) •noaSjng nosuJBg ot •saj^IU SjUoaSjng i^idsojj CO •sooaSing i^idsojj § •siBjanag vCxBoaq^ody ^uBjsiggy Supoy ■o •siBJdnaQ Lteo9J\%odY juBjsTBsy to •[Bjanarj XjBoaijiody - •jwauax) uoaSjng puB u^ioisXqj t-H Judge Ad- vocate's De- partment. •S8:}B30Apy aSpn]" 00 If - y •si^ianar) ja;sBj\[ J8:(jBn5 An •Batressinicuoa X^ndaQ OS •[BJanar) jfaBssiinuioQ ;uB;sissy 1— ( •l^jauajc) XjcseiinuiOQ l-H Topogra- phical De- partment •SJaauiSug pjoindwSodox :)UBj8i8sy ■* ■SjaauiSng {B3if{d«jSodox «i Inspector General's Department •spjauar) ao^oadsuj :^uBisi8sy T-4 •siBjauag jo^oadsuj 00 •sjBJauag :^u1!>nfpy ^uB^sissy 1"H •s|Bjauat) ^HB^nfpy 00 •pjauaf) JO^oadsuj puB ^UB^nfpy -- 1 •siBianajc) jaipcSug 1-4 •spjauaQ joFei^ O Of the Military Establishment of the United Staten. 58 1 "■a g 1 c O 1 •sj8:^8BuiXbj; :jou:^st(i :^u1!:^slssv 1-i •sja^sBuijfB J ;3u;siQ ©! N •pj9U8f) S4J^:^sBULfBJ i^ndaa ;uB:fSTSsy ©! •[Bjauar) j3:^SBTiufBj jf^^ndaQ i-( •Xuuy aq:^ jo ja^sBuilBj rH 1 •sjada83[8.io:>g iCjumijV[ •sauBssiuimog :^ub:jsi8SV K •sau'ESSTinmog jf:>tid3(j 1-1 l-H •IBJ3U9JC) ^JBSSIUimOQ T-l 1 u f •soTTiia JO JOS83JOJJ puB urejdBiio tH •uoaSang rH •ja:>SBp\[ pjOMg T-l •SuiAVBjQ JO jaxjo^ax T-< •aSBTiSu^l i|3uaa J 9H% jo jaxjorax '^ •Suu83mSug jo :jjy 3^:^ jo jossajojj :^u'b:^stssy 1-H •SnuaauiSugjo t>jy aqij jo jossajoj j ■?-< •S3T^BUI3H:^BJ^ JO J0SS8J0JJ ^uu^sissy T-« •S3T;BUiai{;Bj^ JO jossajojj »H •jfijdosoiiqj i'B:^uarawadxa puB iBan^Bx; Jo Jossajojj ;uB:^slssv ■r-l •Xndoso[iqj i^ijuauiuadxa puB iBJn:>BNj jo jossajojj t— ( •:^a^p^^;^u^dng ^-< 6 N 582 Of the Military Establishme7it of the United States. Component parts of the Engineer Corps, 1st January, 1815. , r;; a 13 o -y o 1 1 1 1 pq 0) 1 a (A en a I o g ■a a o 02 1 i i CO CO I o U cn •s 1 1 Engineer Corps. 1 1 2 6 6 6 1 4 4 1 8 20 80 140 Note. The Engineer Corps, organized as above, was retained on the Peace Establishment of 1815. Component parts of Regiments and Coips, 1st January, 1815. REGIMENTS CORPS. a o "o "3 si _o "o U a e s o 1 i O tn .?■ O CO •5' 1 ■IT a i c 4) cn i cn C u 1 ■g .2 f cn i 1 cn H 1 cn i o o u B 3 4) s 'So £) PS 1 S CO £ ■s o 6 ■So a; PS o 1 1 cn 13 O ■w CS S 1 OS cn C o 1 1 i -2 1 Light Artillery Dragoons Corps of Artillery Infantry Riflemen 1 I 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 2 6 2 2 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 10 8 48 10 10 963 981 1,094 1,060 1 1 46 4 495 12 963 981 5,940 50,324 4,240 Tota il fon :e authc risec 62,448 Component parts of a Troop and Company, 1st January, 1815. REGIMENTS AUD CORPS. cn e •J g- o i 1 S 2 1 •J 1 cc 1 g 1 tn .a, a Ol g o U i 4) CO 1 1 CO f o o cn .1 o £ o tB •■4= Km <1 1 § ■H 1 CO £ cn a so B ■■3 £ 4> 1 £ 03 cn s 3 cn > •c Q cn Light Artillery Dragoons Corps of Artillery Infantry Riflemen 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 S 5 5 5 4 8 8 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 58 96 100 90 90 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 583 Two regiments formed a brigade, commanded by a brigadier general, who had one aid de camp and one brigade major. Two brigades formed a division, commanded by a major general, who was allowed two aids de camp ; and when he commanded an army, one adjutant general, one inspector general, one quar- ter-master general, two assistant adjutants general, two assistant inspectors general, one deputy quarter- master general, and four assistants; one topo- graphical engineer and one assistant ; besides a chief of each department, as many assistants were allowed, as there were brigades in each separate army. SECTION III. OF THE MILITARY PEACE ESTABLISHMENT. In 1815, the Military Peace Establishment was flxed.^^"') The President was authorised to retain in the service, such proportions of Artillery, Infantry and Riflemen, as he might judge proper ; provided, they did not in the aggregate exceed ten thousand men. The corps of engineers was directed to be continued as att hat time established. By virtue of a regulation of the President, dated the I7th of May, 1815, the following corps were retained, on the MUitary Peace EstabUshment, viz : 1. The corps of ArtUlery, consisting of thirty-two companies, formed eight battalions, and an aggregate of ...... 3,200 men. 2. The regiment of Light Artillery of ten companies, and in the aggregate 660 do. 3. Eight regiments of Infantry, each of ten companies, and in the aggregate 5,440 do. 4. One regiment of Riflemen of ten companies, and in the aggregate 680 do. Making a total of 9,980 The act above recited, authorised the continuance of two major generals, and four brigadier generals ; the former were each allowed two, and the latter one (105} Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 760. 584 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. aid de camp. Four brigade inspectors, four brigade quarter-masters ; sucli num- ber of hospital surgeons, and surgeon's mates as the service might require, not to exceed five surgeons and fifteen mates ; one steward, and one wrard-master were allowed to each hospital. By virtue of the regulation above mentioned, the following officers were pro- visionally retained, in addition to the general staff, specially provided for by the act of the 3d of March, 1815, viz: one adjutant and inspector general, two adju- tants general, one quarter-master general, two deputy quarter-masters general, one apothecary general, two assistant apothecaries, two garrison surgeons, ten garrison surgeon's mates, two deputy paymasters general, and two assistant de- puty paymasters general. The paymaster of the army, two judge advocates, and two chaplains, were re- tained by virtue of former acts. The Ordnance and Purchasing departments, the Military Academy and the corps of Engineers were continued, as organised on the 1st of January, 1815. The aids de camp to the major and brigadier generals, were taken from the subalterns of the line ; the brigade inspectors from the line ; the adjutants, regi- mental quarter-masters and the paymasters from subalterns of the line. The United States was divided into two military divisions, viz: 1st, the Divi- sion of the North, and 2d, the Division of the South ; these divisions were each subdivided into military departments. ('°^> The Division of the North included five Military Departments, viz.- No. 1. New- York above the highlands, and Vermont. No. 2. New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. No. 3. New- York below the highlands, and New- Jersey, excepting that part which furnishes the first division of mUitia. No. 4. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and that part of New-Jersey, which furnishes the first division of militia. No. 5. Ohio, Indiana and the Michigan Territory. The Division of the South included four Military Departments, viz: No. 6. Vu-ginia, North Carolina and the District of Columbia. No. 7. South Carolina and Georgia. No. 8. Louisiana and Mississippi, including the Alabama Territory. No. 9. Tennessee, Kentucky; the lUinois and Missouri Territories. (106) Army Register, Ist January, 1817. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 585 In 1816,(^°'') the following officers were authorised, in addition to those who had been continued on the general staff of the army, by virtue of the provisions of the act of the 3d March, 1815, viz: one adjutant and inspector general of the army, one adjutant general, one inspector general, three topographical engineers, and one quarter-master general, with one deputy quarter-master general to a division, and an assistant of each to every brigade, who were to supersede the brigade quarter-masters and inspectors, authorised by the act of the 3d of March, 1815. The apothecary general was allowed two assistants ; four hospital surgeons, and eight hospital surgeons' mates, were allowed to each division, and as many post surgeons were authorised as the service might require, provided^ they did not exceed twelve to each division. Three judge advocates were appointed to each division, and one chaplain to each brigade of the army. The pay depart- ment consisted of one paymaster general, and in addition to the regimental pay- masters, one paymaster was allowed to each battalion of the corps of artillery. The purchasing department consisted of one commissary general of purchases, one deputy commissary to each division, six assistant commissaries of issues, and as many military storekeepers as the service might require. The ordnance department was continued as organized under the act of the 8th of February, 1815. From the returns of the adjutant and inspector general, dated 1st of Januaiy, 1817, the strength of the army was as follows, viz: Total commissioned 726 Do. non-commissioned 1,989 Do. privates 7,309 Grand Total, 10,024 In 1818,('0«) so much of the act of the 3d of March, 1815, as related to hos- pital stewards and ward-masters, and so much of that, of the 24th of Apiil, 1816, as related to hospital sm'geons, hospital surgeon's mates, judge advocates, chaplains, forage, waggon and barrack masters, and their assistants, were repealed. One surgeon general, one assistant surgeon general, and one judge advocate, were authorised to each division of the army. A chaplain was stationed at West Point, who is also professor of geography, history and ethics, and the post surgeons might be increased so as not to exceed eight to a division. (107) Act 24th April, 1816. (108) Act 20th April, 1818. 6 O 586 Of the Military Establishment of the Umted States. OS ■tJ 0) J3 -a u m o cu ■SO s^ •5b <^ PS 0) a: o >% -d o O BS3a83y I— ( i-H •si8d3a5{3Jo:jg «3 ■sanssj JO eauisssiramog ^.u'b:^sissv ody |u«;sT88y « •pjauaf) XjTOaipody »-l •suoaSjng ;soj •S9j-Bj^ SjUoaSjiig lEjjdsoji •suoaSjng {Kjidsojj 00 •sureidBijg •* •sa^-BDOApy aSpnjf lO •[Bjanajc) jaijsBULfuj T-H •sjaauiSna |B3ii|dBa§odox :^UB;slssy OI •sjaauiSag^ |Boii{dBjgodox to •jBJauar) sja;sBj\[-.ia:jaBn5 i^ndaQ ^nB^sissy Ol •pjauajc) sja:>SBiij[-.ra;jBn5 X;nda(j •|Bj9ua£) sJo:j3adsui :>HB^STSsy •l^aauag s:>nB:>n('py ;uB^sissy ■* •jBJaua£) saa:jsBi\[-ja:)j'Bn^ G? •pjaua£) sjorj^Dadsuj (?) •s|Baauar) :>uB;nfpy W ■[T3jaua£) jopadsuj puB :^nB:>n!'py ^H •diuBQ ap spiy O •sjBjauar) .laip^Si-ig Tf •sjB.iauar) .lofejif « "3 c Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 587 o o o c 'B 0:3 53 c •3:>BS3jS8y ■*KOOC'5Tj'QO>^OCriOOOOODOO of to 10 r-( 00" •sajBAuj pnu pgnoissiuiuioD-uo^ F^o^ of 00 to •pauoissiuiuioQ I'b:^ox W ■ob^G!0)CncotOGq« C0co0)coc00!0)co0!coco I—* 10 •* StaflF ommi •sJ3Jnoq^';[ owooooooooooo oq G! leral non-c •sjaogipy K>0si3j\[ 00500COOOOOOOO oq •suBioisnj\[ pdiouuj; '-'Oi-io©)G)0'-i«i-i'-i^Gq 2; C3 5i -q •s^uBsCisg j3:>sBj\[-a3:faBn^ .-HOT-lK-HrtOT-lrH— ,,-rHrt G! •sjofBp\[ :nit;3fj3g OOT-Oi-^O-HTHrti^rHrt o> iddt grar •s^apBO oo-^oooooooooo ^ -S ^ •s:>uBU3:jn3in; p-nqx OKOWOOOOOOOlOO 01 •g:)^UBU3:jn3i'][ puoD3g l0OO>0>^l000l0tDK^«^]^ SjUoaSjng 0000©!G!G!G!G?G!G!G5G) •suoaSjiig T— *Ot— |Ot-(^Ht-H1— lT-(l— i^^l— ll— < T-< •sJ3:jsBuiX-Bd; T-H •Sa3:^S-B p\[- JSC^JBR^ OO^Ki-HTH^OrHrHrtOO 1—1 ■s^juB^nfpy OOr-lOO^T-Hr-li-l^,-!,-!^© •sjofej^ 00 •sjsuo^oQ ^UBU3:jn3iT; to T-H •spuoioQ G! CORPS AND regiments: Corps of Engineers Ordnance Department Regiment of Light Artillery Corps of Artillery First Regiment of Infantry Second do. do. Third do. do. Fourth do. do. Fifth do. do. Sixth do. do. Seventh do. do. Eighth do. do. Rile Regiment 3 ._. 588 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. The several corps, composing the army, were distributed as follows, viz: The corps of engineers on duty at West Point, in the state of New-York ; the ordnance department amongst the several arsenals and laboratories ; the light artillery on duty in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; the coi-ps of artillery garrisoning permanent fortifications in both military divisions; the first regiment of infantry on duty in Louisiana and Mississippi ; the; second, in New-York, Head Quarters and Sackett's Harbour; the third, at Head Quarters and Michilimakinac ; the fourth, in the Alabama Territory; the fifth, in the Michigan Territory ; the sixth, in New-York, Head Quarters and Plattsburgh ; the seventh, in the Alabama Territory; the eighth, in Louisiana and Missis- sippi, and the Illinois and Missouri Territories ; and the rifle regiment, in the Illinois and Missouri Territories. Of the Military Establishment of the United states. 589 Army Register, for the 1st of January, 1818. 2 Major Generals 4 Brigadier Generals 1 Adjutant and Inspector General 2 Adjutants General 2 Inspectors General 4 Assistant Adjutants General 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant General 2 Majors 10 Captains 8 Hospital Surgeons 16 do. do Mates 24 Post Surgeons 5 Judge Advocates. 4 Chaplains. 1 Paymaster General. 1 Commissary General 2 Deputy Commissaries General Staff. ^ ^4 Assistant Inspectors General 6 Topographical Engineers 2 Assistant Topographical Engineers 2 Quarter-masters General 1 Deputy Quarter-master General 2 Assistant Deputy Quarter-masters General. Ordnance Department. 10 First Lieutenants 9 Second Lieutenants 7 Third Lieutenants. Medical Department. 1 Apothecary General 2 Assistant Apothecaries. Judge Advocates. I Chaplains. I Pay Department. I Purchasing Department. 6 Assistant Commissaries of Issues 17 Military Storekeepers. Military Academy. 1 Senior Officer of Engineers, and Superinten- dent of the Military Academy 1 Professor of Natural and Experimental Philo- sophy 1 do. Assistant do. do. 1 do. of Mathematics 1 do. Assistant do. 1 Professor of the Art of Engineering 1 do. Assistant do. do. 1 Surgeon 1 Chaplain and Professor of Ethics 1 Teacher of the French lansjuage 1 do. of Drawing 1 Sword Master. 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 2 Majors 6 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains Corps of Engineers. 6 First Lieutenants 6 Second Lieutenants 1 Assistant Engineer. Regiment of Light Artillery. 10 First Lieutenants 9 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 1 Surgeon's Mate. 6 P 5990 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 4 Lieutenant Colonels 4 Majors 32 Captains 32 First Lieutenants 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 10 First Lieutenants 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major 10 Captains 1 Colonel 1 Lieutenant Colonel 1 Major lO Captains Corps of .Artillery. 64 Second Lieutenants 12 Third Lieutenants 8 Battalion Paymasters. First Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 5 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates. Second Regiment of Infantry. 8 Second Lieutenants 1 Paymaster 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates. Third Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 8 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon -2 Surgeon's Mates. Fourth Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 2 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates. Fifth Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 8 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates. Sixth Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 8 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 2 Surgeon's Mates. Seventh Regiment of Infantry. 7 First Lieutenants 1 Paymaster 1 Surgeon 1 Surgeon's Mate. Eighth Regiment of Infantry. 10 First Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 1 Surgeon's Mate. Rifle Regiment. 10 First Lieutenants 6 Second Lieutenants 1 Surgeon 1 Surgeon's Mate. Of the Military Establishi?ie?it of the United States. 591 SECTION IV. OF RECRUITS, ENLISTMENTS AND BOUNTIES. The officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates in the army, swear or affirm, that they " will bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America, and that they will sei-ve them honestly and faithfully against then- enemies or opposers whomsoever; and that they will obey the orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of the officers appointed over them, according to the rules and articles of war."^^°^^ In 1790 and 1796, the recruits were required to be able bodied; not under five feet six inches in height, and not under eighteen nor above forty-six years of age. In 1791, 1792, 1802 and 1808, their size was not specified; in 1798, and 1799, they were to be able bodied, of an age and size suitable for the pub- lic service, to be regulated by the President; in 1812, the size was not specified; they were to be between eighteen and forty-five years of age; in 1814, the size was not specified ; and they were to be from eighteen to fifty years of age. After the lOth of December, 1814, any free effective able bodied man, between the ages of eighteen and fifty years, was allowed to be enlisted for the army; the enlistment was binding upon all persons under the age of twenty-one years, j^ro- vided it was made according to law ; and the consent of parents and masters was not required to authorise the enlistment of persons who were under the age of twenty-one years. "^""^ The recruiting officers are directed to take care " that the recruit has a per- fect understanding of the period of time for which he engages to serve, and that such period of time be written at large in his enlistment. "^^"^ In 1817, all free male persons, above eighteen and under thirty-five years who are able bodied and active, might be enlisted ; no officer was allowed to enlist a recruit, who was under age, unless the consent of his parent, guardian (109) Act 29th September, 1789, vol. ii. ch. 25 ; and Act 11th January, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 3S7. (110) Act 10th December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 692. (111) Regulation of the Department ofWar, Maj 1st, 1817. 592 Of the Military Establishment oj the United States. or master should have been previously obtained in writing; and such certificate must be transmitted to the adjutant and inspector general/"^) For each recruit enlisted for the army, the following sums were allowed to the recruiting officer,^"^) viz: in 1792, 1796, 1798, 1799 and 1812, two dollars; and in 1813, four dollars. In 1814, eight dollars were allowed to non-commis- sioned officers, soldiers or citizens, who should procure, an able bodied man to be enlisted for five years, or during the war with Great Britain. In 1790, 1791, 1792, 1794, 1798("*5 and i799,('i=^ the enlistments were for three years, unless sooner discharged; in 1798, the enlistments by virtue of the act of the I6th of July, 1798, were to continue until the existing differences with France should be settled. In 1796, 1808 and 1812, the recruits were enlisted for five years, unless sooner discharged; and in 1813, it was made optional to enlist for five years, or during the war with Great Britain. In 1790, no bounty was allowed to recruits; in 1792, eight dollars, and in 1796, sixteen dollars were paid to such of the troops as should re-enlist, and fourteen dollars tO any person not then in the service, who should enUst. In 1798, ten dollars were paid to recruits for the provisional army, and twelve dol- lars to those belonging to the additional military force. In 1812, sixteen dollars in money were paid to each recruit, and when honourably discharged from the service, he was allowed three months additional pay, and one hundred and sixty acres of land; in 1813, the conditions last mentioned were extended to those who enhsted for five years, or during the war. In 1814,^"^> each recruit, who enlisted for five years or during the war, inheu of the bounty in money, and the three months additional pay when honourably discharged as above mentioned, was allowed a premium of one hundi'ed and twenty-four dollars ; fifty dollars thereof were paid at the time of his enlistment, fifty dollars after he should be mustered and joined to some military corps for service, and twenty-four dollars when he should be discharged.^"'^ The bounty in land was very much augmented ;^"^) every non-commissioned officer, musician and private, who enlisted, was allowed three hundred and twenty acres of land, when he should be honourably discharged from the service. (112) Regulation of the Department of War, 1st May, 1817. (113) The premium of twa dollars, allowed to the recruiting officer, is paid after the recruit has been mustered, and is in consideration of extra expense attending the service. Regulation of 1st May, 1817. (114) The provisional army. (115) The additional military force. (116) Act 27th January, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 595. (117) In 1817, (regulation of the 1st May) twelve dollars bounty were paid to a recruit, the one half when he had signed his enlistment, and the remainder after he had been mustered and joined hie regiment or corps. (118) Act 10th December, 1814; vol. iv. ch, 692. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 593 The widow, child or parent, of any person enlisted who was killed or died in the service of the United States, was entitled to receive the aforesaid bounty in land. In 1816,('^') the provisions, respecting the bounty in land, were extended to all the soldiers who had enlisted to serve for five years, or during the war, though they were under the age of eighteen, or above forty-five years ; their legal representatives were also allowed to claim in virtue of their right/'^"^ SECTION V. OF THE PAY, RATIONS, FORAGE, &c. In 1798, the Lieutenant General was allowed two hundred and fifty dollars, monthly pay; forty rations per day, and fifty dollars per month, in lieu of forage. RANK. Major General Brigadier General YEARS. 1791 1792^ 1796 i 1798 f 1799 J 1812 > 1815 5 1791 1792-] 1796 I 1798 f 1799 J 1802 1808 ■) 1812 I I8I5J (119) Act 16th April, 1816. (120) In 1780, " the average bounty, in many states, was two hundred and fifty dollars in specie ; and in Massachusetts upwards of two hundred and eighty dollars." Loyd's Congressional Register, vol. iii. p. 435. 6 a Dolls. 125 166 200 94 104 225 104 a = 1 15 15 15 12 12 12 « u C - '~ S a o Dolls. 20 20 20 16 16 16 REMARKS. in full for pay, rations and forage. 594 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. RANK. Aid to Major General Aid to Brigadier General Adjutant General Adjutant and Inspector General Inspector General . • • Quarter -master General Deputy Quarter -master General Paymaster General . Deputy Paymaster General Assistant do. do. Commissary General of Purchases Biigade Inspector Brigade Quarter-master Judge Advocate Brigade Chaplain Physician General Physician and Surgeon General Apothecary General Purveyor of Public Supplies Assistant Apothecary Hospital Surgeon Hospital Surgeon's mate . Garrison Surgeon Do. do. Mate Hospital Steward Ward master ; YEARS. Dolls. 1791? 1792 S 1796- 1798 1799 1812 1815 1791? 1792 S 17961 1798 } 1799 J 1802i 1808 I 1812 r I8I5J 1798? 1812 S 1815 1815 1798 1791 1792 1796 1798 1815 1815 1796 1798 1802 1815 1815 1815 1815 1808 1815 1808 1815 1815 ]79n 1792 ! 1799 f I8I5J 1799 1813 1799 1815 1802 1815 1799 1815 1799 1815 1815 1815 1799 1815 1815 40 24 40 24 30 104 90 104 166 60 100 25 75 104 60 25 75 120 50 30 30 30 20 20 50 50 150 110 100 30 120 75 50 40 45 30 28 20 16 o ^ REMARKS. Dolls 10 12 6 12 15 6 6 6 6 12 4 6 6 10 16 30 16 20 12 12 12 12 16 24 12 12 6 8 6 10 10 6 12 6 10 6 iln addition to their pay in the ' line. Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Full compensation for pay, &c. &c. 2000 dollars per annum. In addition to pay in the line Ditto 3000 dollars per annum. In addition to pay in the line. Ditto Ditto Ditto In full for pay, rations and forage. 2,500 dollars per annum. In full for pay, rations and forage. 1,800 dollars per annum. In full for pay, rations and forage. In full for pay, rations and forage. Ditto Ditto Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 595 k . P'A >-. >^ ffl ^-i. RANK. YEARS. 3" UEMAKKS. a o II &i3 ? ^" ° t Dels. Dolls. Professor of natural and experimental philosophy 1815 60 5 11 Assistant do do. do. 1815 40 3 Professor of Mathematics 1815 50 4 10 Assistant do 1815 40 3 Professor of the art of engineering 1815 50 4 10 Assistant do 1815 40 3 _^ Teacher of the French language 1815 40 3 — Do. of drawing .... 1815 40 3 —_ Master of the sword .... 1815 20 2 _^ Colonel 1802? 1815 5 75 6 12 Colonel of Dragoons .... 1808? o 1812$ 90 6 for 5 horses '^ Lieutenant Colonel Commandant 1790 60 6 12 1792? 1799 S 75 6 12 Lieutenant Colonel 1802' 1812}- 60 5 11 1815J Lieutenant Colonel of Dragoons 1808? 1812S 75 5 for 4 horses Major Commandant of Artillery- 1790 45 4 10 1792 55 4 10 Major of Artillery or Dragoons 1792") 1796}. 55 4 10 1799 J Major of Dragoons 1812 60 4 for 4 horses Majors 1790 1792~ 1796 ! 40 4 10 1799 '' 1815 50 4 10 Adjutants, Quarter-Masters and Paymasters of regiments 1792? 1796 S 10 — — In addition to pay in the line. 1799? 1808$ 10 — 8 Ditto 1815 10 6 Ditto Surgeon 1790 1792^ 1796 30 3 10 1799 Y 45 3 10 1802 1812J Surgeon's Mate 1790 1792"^ 1796 24 2 6 • 1799 >. 30 2 6 1802 Serjeant Major, and Quarter-Master Serjeant 1812J 1792 7 1796 8 __ 1799? 1812S 10 1815 9 , Principal Musician 1790 5 . 1792 6 — . 1796 7 ^_ 1799? 18153 8 — 596 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. , 'ss REMARKS. ^ s % »5; i-B c * Dolls. Dolls. Captain of Dragoons 1796? 1799 S 40 3 8 1808 > 1812S 50 3 for 3 horses Captains 1790 1792-^ 1796 30 3 ~ 1799 1802 f 40 3 — 1812 1815 Lieutenants 1790 22 2 ^^ 1792 P 1796 5 26 2 — 1st Lieutenant of Dragoons 1799 SO 2 6 do. do 1808 334 2 for 2 horses 2d do. do 1799 25 2 6 lst&2d do. do 1812 33A 2 for 2 horses 3d do. do 1812 30 2 ditto. 1st Lieutenants of Artillery or Infantry 1799"] 1812 )> 30 2 I8I5J 2d do. of Infantry 17991 1812 y 25 2 — I8I5J 1802^ 1812 y 23 2 1815J Ensigns 1790 1792"] 18 2 — 1796 1802 f 20 2 — 1812 Cornets 1796 20 2 6 1808 26f 2 for 2 horses Cadet of Cavalry ... 1799 10 2 6 Cadet other than of Cavalry 1799 1802^ 10 2 — 1812 )> 16 2 — 18I5J Serjeants (>2») 1790 5 — 1792 6 — 1796 7 .^ — • 1799; 1802 S 1812 8 11 — 1815 8 — Corporals fi2« 1790 4 — 1792 5 — 1796 6 — « 1799 > 1802 S 1812 7 10 — 1815 7 — (121) In 1790, the following sums were deducted from the monthly pay of each Serjeant and senior Musi- cian 1 dollar 40 cents for clothing, and 10 cents for hospital stores. Ditto Corporal ... 1 15 do. 10 do. Ditto Musician and Private 90 do. 10 do. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 597 v as • bn i he (^ HANK. YEARS. > Sc s REMARKS. X .0 « 3 r B a§ .Si QJ s o.S — C- s 2;" e Dolls Dolla. Musicians ('»2) 1790 3 __ 1792 4 — 1796 5 — 1799? 1802 S 6 1812 9 1815 6 ... Privates (1*2) 1790 > 17925 3 ^"^ , 1796 4 1799) 1802 5 5 ^~ 1812 8 1815 5 Master armorer, master carriage maker, and ) master Wacksmith .... 5 1815 'in ou Armorer, carriage maker and blacksmith • 1815 10 — Principal Artificer 1792 40 — 1796 40 6 Artificer 1792 8 — 1796 9 — 1799 1 10 1802 S ^■^ 1812 13 — (122) In 1790, the following sums were deducted from the monthly pay of each Serjeant and senior Mu- sician 1 dollar 40 cents for clothing, and 10 cents for hospital stores. Ditto Corporal ... 1 15 do. 10 do. Ditto Musician and Private . 90 do. 10 do. 6 R 598 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. Schedule of the Compensation allowed by law to the Troops of the Army of the United States, 1817. Section I. GENERALS, GENERAL STAFF, &c. ee O oX §"3 REMARKS. Major General Aid de Camp to Major General Brigadier General Aid de Camp to Brigadier General .... Adjutant and Inspector General Adjutant General Assistant Adjutant General Inspector General Assistant Inspector General Quarter-Master General Deputy Quarter-Master General Paymaster General of the Army Commissary General of Purchases .... Deputy Commissary Assistant Commissary of Issues Military Storekeeper ... Brigade Chaplain Judge Advocate Topographical Engineer Assistant Topographical Engineer .... Apothecary General . . Assistant Apothecary Hospital Surgeon Hospital Surgeon's Mate Post Surgeon Hospital Steward Ward Master Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy Assistant do. do. do. Professor of Mathematics Assistant do. Professor of the Art of Engineering .... Assistant do. .... Teacher of the French Language ... Teacher of Drawing Master of the Sword Assistant Deputy Quarter-Master General . . Principal W^gon Master Waggon Master Principal Forage Master Forage Master Principal Barrack Master Barrack Master Dolls. 200 24 104 20 104 90 60 75 60 75 60 50 50 60 40 30 75 40 40 20 16 60 40 50 40 50 40 40 40 26| 40 40 30 40 30 40 30 16 4 12 12 6 4 6 4 6 4 In addition to his pay in the line. Ditto. In 1818, (Act 20th April) to be the same as of the Adjutant General. 2,500 dollars per annum. 3,000 Ditto. 2,000 Ditto. 1,300 Ditto. The salary of the Military Storekeepers is regulated by the Secretary of War, according to the duty they perform, not to exceed the pay and emolu- ments of a Captain of Infantry. 1,800 dollars per annum. Of the Corps of Engineers. Note. In 1818, (Act 20th April,) the Surgeon General was allowed 2,500 dollars per annum; the Assis- ant Surgeon General, the emoluments of Hospital Surgeon ; the Judge Advocate, those of the Topogia- phical Engineer, and the Chaplain at West Point, those of the Professor of Mathematics. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 599 1 In addition, &c. ditto. If G^G^OJOGJOwi-^OOOt-ii-ii-fOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO T^oocoO^CiG^CNO^OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO •Xsp asd suorieji jo jaqoinjj •soria^sis'qng tOlOrfOTfOcoCNOOOCTCTOJOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■qinoni jail Xe,x i •OOOOOOioOOOloOOO'OOOOOOKtOiOOOOOOOOO Q i •paittOiiB asqran^ •S1UBAJ3S CCM0^OG?OOOOOOT-(-Hr-,— irtOOOOOOOOOOOOO *p3/iA0||>: sosJOf] JO jaqoin^ •3SB.I0J OCOCOC^CTO^OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO -ftp jad snopEajo jaqmnj^ •aou's^sisqng ©■O-^OTfOOOOOOCTCTGTCJCTOOOOOOOOOOOOO •qjaont aad iej J2 ooooooooooocoioxncoooot-.-oiooooooooo 3 toio^iort rfcneiCTOl s2 •paMojiB jaqoin^ ■S}UBAJ3S (NG^GJOG^Oi-ir-iOOO'-l^i-lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■paMOUB sssjoj-i JO jaqran^ ■sSbjoj; i^CTCTO^coiNC^C^OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■jCbp aad snoijEy jo .laqranx •aanbisisqng toio-^o-^ocntNooococoooowoooooooooooo 'Hiuoni aad Xb j J2 lOOOOOOfiOOlOooOOioOOtOOOKOiOOOOOOOOO Q ■p3A^o\iB .laquin^ *S:»UBAJ3g O^G^G^OOOOOOOOi-It-It-iOt-hOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■paA\onB sas.ioH jo .laqtun^ ■aSBJo^ fcOCTOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO •.(Bp Jtad suoiiBa JO jaqinn^ ■aon3:)srsqng tOiOTfiOOOOOOOOCOCTCTOCTOOOOOOOOOOOOO ■ qjuoui jad Xbj ■3 O>OOOOOOOOOOOCTCTOOOOOOOOOO O d -a S-a "* o 5 o a a^ P. - fe !- faJO o 03 a S Ci o u t^ _y =a 3 ii ■ -^ -S S "H .0 IS " - a a c c^ .^ to a « « ° a js ,„" on OJ ^ -►^ -"3 . te - ST't; ■ " ■ ■ a, q3 n ^=1 a n j= a 3 'is " a " o *^) Congress recommended to the several states, to make provision for the officers, soldiei*s and seamen, who were disabled in the service of the United States. In 1789,(^*'') the military pensions, granted and paid by the states (in pursuance of the act of Congress,) to invalids who had been wounded or disabled during the revolutionary war, were directed to be paid out of the Treasury of the Uni- ted States, for one year, from the 4th of March, 1789, under such regulations as the President should direct. The annual payments of the pensions were con- tinued by acts severally passed in 1790, 1791, and 1792.^^*'^ In 1792,^'*^^ the claims to invalid pensions were regulated. Every commis- sioned officer, who had not received the commutation of half pay, and every non-commissioned officer, soldier or seaman, disabled in the actual service of the United States, during the war of the revolution, by wounds or other known causes, provided they had not deserted from the semce, was entitled to be placed on the pension list of the United States, during life, or the continuance of such disability, and they were also allowed such further sums for the arrears of pension, from the time of such disability, not exceeding the rate of the annual allowance in consequence of such disability, as the circuit court of the district in which they respectively resided, thought just, under certain rules and regulations, which were subsequently repealed or. altered by acts passed on the 28th of Fe- (146) By a resolution of Congress, of the 7th of June, 1785, each state was requested to cause descrip- tive lists to be made out of all the officers, soldiers and seamen, resident therein, who had served in the army or navy of the United States, or in the militia in the service of the United States, and were disabled in said service, so as to be incapable of military duty, or of obtaining a livelihood by labour. The lists aforesaid, and others to be annually made out, were directed to be transmitted to the Secretary of War. The testimony necessary to substantiate a claim to a pension, and the regulations under which it was al- lowed, are also specified ; the states were authorised to pay the sums to which the invalids were respec- tively entitled, and the payments so made, were deducted from the respective quotas of the states, for the year on which they were made. All officers who had accepted the commutation for half pay, were required to return the same, before they could be entered on the list of invalids. (147) Act 29th September, 1789; vol. ii. ch. 24. (148) Act 16th July, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 54; 3d March, 1791, vol. ii. ch. 98; and 8th May, 1792, vol. ii. ch. 136. (149) Act 23d March, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 112. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 615 bruary, 1793, (vol. ii. ch. 162,) and of the 3d of March, 1803, (vol. iii. ch. 350); which several modifications, together with all laws before passed, authorising persons to be placed on the pension list of the United States, for disabilities derived from wounds received in the revolutionary war, were repealed, by an act passed in 1806, the several provisions of which will be hereafter recited. In 1796,(''°) every officer and private, of the militia or volunteers, who was wounded or disabled while in the line of his duty, in actual sei-vice, called out by the authority of any law of the United States, was entitled to be placed on the list of invalids of the United States, at such rate and under such regulations as the President should direct; the rate of the compensations was never to ex- ceed, for the highest disabilities, half the monthly pay of any commissioned offi- cer at the time of his being so disabled ; and to non-commissioned officers, mu- sicians and privates the compensation was never to exceed five dollars per month; and for all inferior disabilities, a sum in proportion to the highest disability was allowed. The provisions above recited did not extend to persons disabled before the 4th of March, 1789, or to such as had been denied, or were admitted on the pension list. In 1805^'") the provisions heretofore enacted, concerning the invalids of the United States, were extended to all those persons in the service of the United States, who, in consequence of their disability by known wounds, received tti actual service, during the revolutionary war, resigned their commissions, or took discharges ; or who, after incurring their disability, were taken captive by the enemy, and remained either in captivity or on parole until the close of the war; or who, in consequence of known wounds, received in the actual service of the United States, have, at any period since, become and continue disabled in such manner as to render them unable to procure a subsistence by manual labour. In 1806,(>=2) as has been already observed, all the acts before passed, so far as they authorised persons to be placed on the pension list of the United States, were repealed, but so as not to injure, or in any manner to affect such persons as were already placed thereon. In future, any officer, musician, soldier, marine, or seaman, disabled in the actual service of the United States, while in the fine of his duty, by known wounds received durmg the revolutionary war, and Avho did not desert the service ; or who, in consequence of disabffity as aforesaid, resigned his commission, or took his discharge ; or who, after incurring disabi- Uty as aforesaid, was taken captive by the enemy, and remained either in capti- (150) Act 23d March, 1796; vol. ii. ch. 302. (151) Act 3d March, 1805j vol. iii. ch 458- (152) Act 10th April. 1806; vol. iv. ch. 25, 616 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. vity or on parole, until the close of said revolutionary war; or who, in conse- quence of known wounds received as aforesaid, has, at any period since, become and continued disabled in such manner as to render him unable to procure a sub- sistence by manual labour, whether he served as a volunteer, or in any proper service against the common enemy, or belonged to a detachment of the militia which served against the common enemy, or to the regular forces of the United States, or of any particular state, was entitled, upon substantiating his claim in the manner to be hereafter described, to be placed on the pension list of the United States during life, or the continuance of such disability ; and to receive, under the regulations to be specified, such sum as should be found just and pro- per, by the testimony adduced. To substantiate a claim, the following rules and regulations must be complied with, viz : all evidences must be taken on oath or affirmation before the judge of the district, or one of the judges of the territory in which the claimant re- sides, or before some person specially authorised by commission from said judge. Decisive disability, derived from the causes above mentioned, must be proved by the affidavit of the commanding officer of the regiment, corps, company, ship, vessel, or craft, in which the claimant served; or of two other credible witnesses to the same effect, setting forth the time when, and place where, the wounds were received, and particularly describing the same. The nature of the disability, and in what degree it prevents the claimant from obtaining his subsistence, must be proved by the affidavit of some reputable physician or surgeon, stating his opinion, either from his own knowledge and acquaintance with the claimant, or from an examination of such claimant on oath or affirmation. The physician or surgeon, in his affidavit, must particidarly describe the wounds from whence the disability appears to be derived. Every claimant must prove, by at least one credible witness, that he continued in service during the whole time for which he was detached, or for whicli he engaged, unless he was discharged, or left the service in consequence of some derangement of the army ; or, in consequence of his disability, resigned his com- mission, or was, after his disability, in captivity or on parole, until the close of the revolutionary war. And in the same manner he must prove his mode of life and employment since he left the service, and the places where he has since resided, and his place of residence at the time of taking such testimony. A.nd he must further, by his affidavit, give satisfactory reasons why he did not before make application for a pension, and that he is not on the pension hst of any state; the judge or commissioner must certify, in writing, his opinion of the credibility of the witnesses whose affidavits he has taken, in all those cases Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 617 where the proof is reqmred to be made by credible witnesses, and also, that the examining physician or surgeon is reputable in his profession. The district judge or commissioner, is directed to transmit a list of the claims, with the evidence, to the Secretary of War, that they may be compai-ed with muster rolls, or other documents in his office ; and the Secretary is required to make a statement of aU such cases, which, together with all the testimony, he is directed, from time to time, to transmit to Congress, with such remarks as he may think proper, that Congress may be enabled to place such claimants on the pension list, as may be found entitled to the privilege. Every pension, or increase thereof, by virtue of this act, commenced on the day on which the claimant completed his testimony. An increase df the pension was authorised, to persons who were already on the pension list of the United States, in all cases were justice required the same ; but the increase, when added to the former pension, was in no case to exceed a full pension. Every invalid, making application for an increase of pension, must be examined by two reputable physicians or surgeons, to be authorised by commission from the judge of the district Avhere the invalid resides, who are directed to report in writing, on oath or affirmation, their opinion of the nature of the applicant's disabiMty, and in what degree it prevents him from obtaining a subsistence by manual labour; the report aforesaid, must be transmitted to the Secretary of War, who is directed to compare it with the documents in his office, and to make a statement of all such cases, which, together with the original report, he must, from time to time, transmit to Congress, with such remarks as he may think proper, so as to enable them to do justice to such pensioners. A full pension allowed to a commissioned officer, is one half of the monthly pay, legally allowed (at the time of incurring the disability,) to his grade in the forces raised by the United States ; and the proportions, less than a full pension, are the correspondent proportions of said half pay ; a full pension to a non- commissioned officer, musician, soldier, marine or seaman, is five dollars a month, and the proportions, less than a full pension, are the like proportions of live dollars a month; but no pension of a commissioned officer is allowed to be 'calculated at a higher rate than the half pay of a lieutenant colonel. The pensions were directed to be paid in the manner as pensions to invalids, who had been before placed on the pension Ust, were paid. The sale, transfer, or mortgage, of the whole, or any part of the pension, payable to any non-commissioned officer, musician, soldier, marine or seaman, before it becomes due, is not valid. Any person claiming such pension, «jr any part thereof, under power of attorney, or substitution, must, before it is paid, 6 Y 618 Of the Militate Establishment of the United States. make oath or affirmation, that the powers have not been given by reason of any transfer of such pension. The above recited provisions continued in force during six years, and they were again revived and continued for the further tenn of six years, by an act passed in 1812.0") In 1808,0^*) the Secretary of War was directed to place on the pension list of the United States, all persons who remained on the pension list of any of the states, and who were placed thereon in consequence of disability occasioned by wounds received during the revolutionary war, whether they served in the land or sea service of the United States, or of any particular state, in the regular corps, or in the militia, or as volunteers. All the officers, musicians and privates, who had been disabled since the revolutionary war, while in the line of their duty, in the actual service of the United States, whether of the army or of the militia, or any volunteer corps, were entitled to be placed on the pension list of the United States. In 1809,(*") all the pensions due, on or after the 3d of March, 1809, to any officer or soldier, residing in either of the United States, or the territories, in which an agent*^'^^) has not been appointed for the payment of pensions, were directed to be paid, at the seat of the government of the United States, by the Secretary of War; and the names of the pensioners was then transferred from the books of the state, to a register at the War Office of the United States. By virtue of acts passed in 1812,(^*'^) the officers, musicians and privates, who should be disabled, while in the line of their duty in the pubhc service, were authorised to be placed on the pension list of the United States. And the widows and children of the commissioned officers, who died of wounds received in actual service, were entitled during five years, to half the monthly pay to which the deceased was entitled at the time of his death. In case the widow married before the expiration of the term aforesaid, the half pay passed to the children, and ceased on their death. In 1816,C>58) ti^e provisions above recited, were extended to the widows and childi-en of the officers, musicians and privates of the mUitia, including rangers, (153) Act 25th April, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 392. (154) Act 25th April, 1808; vol. iv. ch. 162. (155) Act 7th January, 1809; vol. iv. ch. 175. (156) Prior to the incorporation of the present Bank of the United States, the Commissioners of Loans paid the pensions due to invalids of the United States ; the Bank now performs that duty. In the States and Territories where there is no Commissioner of Loans, the Secretary of War was authorised to appoint agents to pay the pensions ; and in 1812, (act 25th April,) the agents were required to give bond with sureties, in a sum not exceeding 5,000 dollars, for the faithful discharge of the duties confided to them. (157) Act 11th January, 1812 ; vol. iv. ch. 337. (158) Act 16th April, 1816. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 6ld sea fencibles and volunteers, and to those of the commissioned officers of the regidar army, who died while in the service of the United States, during the late war, or in returning to their place of residence, after being mustered out of service, or who died at any time thereafter, in consequence of wounds received in the manner aforesaid. The children under sixteen years of age, of the non- commissioned officers, musicians and privates of the regular army, who were killed in battle, or who died of wounds or disease wMe in the service of the United States, during the late war, might (in lieu of the land bounty to which the deceased would have been entitled,) receive half the monthly pay, to which such deceased was entitled at the time of his death, during five years, to be computed from the 7th of February, 1815. In the same year,^^*^^ all the persons, of the grades hereinafter specified, who were on the mifitary pension roU of the United States,"for disabilities of the highest degree, were in future entitled to receive the following sums, in lieu of those before granted, viz : a first lieutenant, seventeen dollars ; a second fieutenant, fifteen dollars ; a third fieutenant, fourteen dollars ; an ensign, thirteen dollars, and a non-commissioned officer, musician and private, eight dollars per month, and proportionably less for inferior disabilities. The widows and children of soldiers of the militia, volunteers, rangers and sea-fencibles, who served during the late war, and for whom half pay for five years was provided, were placed on an equality as to their annual aUowance.('^°) In 1818,^^^'^ every officer, musician, mariner, marine and private soldier, and aU the officers of the hospital department and medical staff", who served in the war of the revolution, until the end thereof, or for the term of nine months or longer, at any period of the war, on the continental estabfishment, whether in the land or naval service of the United States, provided he is yet a resident citizen of the United States, and is, or by reason of his reduced circumstances in life, shaU hereafter be, in need of assistance fi-om his country for support, and shaU (by reason of his service) have substantiated his claim to a pension, is en- titled to receive, if he be an officer, twenty doUars per month, during life ; if anon- commissioned officer, musician, mariner, marine, or private soldier, eight dollars per month, during life. No person can have the benefits of the above recited provi- sions, unless he shaU have relinquished his claim to every pension before aUowed to him by the laws of the United States. The provisions, now granted, com- mence on the day the declaration to substantiate the clahn was made on oath (159) Act 24th April, 1816. (160) Act 3d March, 1817. (161) Act 18th March, 1818. 620 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. or affirmation ; and they are directed to be paid, as the other pensions of the United States. The transfer, sale or mortgage of any part of these pensions, is not valid in law. During the sessions of Congress, acts are passed concerning invalid pensioners, in which the name of the pensioner, the period at which the pension is to com- mence, and the rate of the monthly allowance, are severally specified. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 621 ss CI t3 • l-H cS &i -i-> fl S o s . * CO (U ^ ^ 00 ■*J -^ , and May, OJ . H Distri 28th w 1—3 D H s;^ -*i i-< 5 to .s 5 c o .t S, -d >M c« CO s u sa o a-* S "2 s-a .2 S t" s to S ■gs ^ S « -2 o o o olz; H o to to m b. to T-( lO b. 1— ( rH iOOO'O>OK0005OSIb-O05Tf tOlOOi^tSOTOtOOOO'O'OOO 00 tOOsOlWOlcOCTTfcooOO-^'nK r-JiotoOaoO'otO'OtOTtKOiOO — ciT-(Tjot,o>o^«to-^tD 5 GfiOT-T Ttcf^bC CTiOfH ©I 'tp J OOOOOi«tO(»o^-^O-^00 S CTOOlOTit^O>c'3 00'- JS o 00 Tj- e^ M o ■o O K G) T-( CO to en o 43 o H a. o a H 4> o 9} :3 > o o Q., O) P to ^ IK •-s d ■ ■ C3 di-i S "=i E o 1 ^1 L- l"^ ^;i; O e fl .2 cd -4^ be tJ td cd S fc^HO^SQ ten O >?; ^ Ph a S > ^5 CC O 2 ? ,2 ►i^ § 5 *H r- J O ? ^ : O to ■ a a, o (-H tyi to 6 Z 622 Of the Military Establishment of the U?iited States, A LIST Of the Persons placed on the Rolls of Invalid Pensioners, subsequent to the 28th of May, I8i3. Note. This return was dated 3l8t of December, 1817. STATES TERRITORIES. Number of Pensioners. Amount of An- nual Stipends. Number of the Pensioners included in this return according to their rank. New- Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island Vermont New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Kentucky Tennessee Ohio Louisiana Indiana Mississippi Missouri Territory Michigan do. Illinois do. District of C olumbia 51 239 49 3 105 526 18 171 6 148 65 30 8 6 67 59 80 15 20 6 8 5 6 42 Dolls. Cts. 3,423 20 16,651 30 3,741 60 488 00 7,516 00 41,309 36 1,470 00 12,952 00 744 00 9,712 00 4,551 20 1,828 80 479 96 394 12 5,453 60 4,917 80 6,282 00 1,218 00 1,974 00 374 00 702 00 342 40 469 00 3,115 92 Generals 1 Colonels 1 Lieutenant Colonels 3 Maiors 12 Captains 33 Lieutenants 65 Cornets 1 Ensis^ns ^ Physician and Surgeon General . . 1 Hospital Surgeon's Mate .... 1 Judge Advocate 1 Chanlain 1 125 Corporals 88 Musicians 21 ,244 Artificers, Matrosses and Privates . 1,364 Total added since 28th May, 1813 . 1,733 Total included in the list of the 28th of May, 1813 1,766 Grand total of Pensioners, on the 31st of December, 1817 3,499 Total. 1,733 130,120 26 Amount of the annual stipends paid to the invalids returned on the 28th of May, 1813, 96,838 85 Amount paid to the invalids, placed on the several rolls since the 28th of May, 1813, as above. 130,120 26 Total amount annually paid to the invalids of the United States Dolls. 226,959 11 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 623 A STATEMENT Of the Half Pay Pensions, derived from Land Relinquishments, granted by the War Department, to the 3 1st of December, 1817, inclusive. STATES AND TERRITORIES. Number and Rank of the Original Claimants. Pay per Month. New-Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Vermont New-York New-Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia South Carolina Kentucky Tennessee Ohio District of Columbia Illinois Territory 1 Serjeant, 2 corporals, and 28 privates, 9 Serjeants, 6 corporals, 2 musicians and 63 privates, 1 Seijeant, 2 corporals, and 7 privates, 2 Serjeants, 3 corporals, 1 musician, and 26 privates, 3 Serjeants, 3 corporals, and 59 privates, 10 Privates, 2 Serjeants, and 37 privates, .... 1 Private 12 Privates 2 Corporals, and 9 privates, .... 3 Privates, 9 do. 3 do. 1 Seijeant, 1 corporal, and 11 privates, 1 Corporal, and 13 privates, .... 1 Private, Making an aggregate of, viz : 19 Serjeants 20 Corporals, 3 Musicians 302 Privates, 344 Total. Dolls. CtB. 12r 50 349 50 43 50 134 50 269 50 40 00 159 00 4 00 48 00 46 00 12 00 36 00 12 00 54 50 58 00 4 00 1,398 00 624 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. STATEMENT Showing the amount of the Pensions granted to the Widows and Orphans of deceased Officers and Soldiers of the late war; specifying the number of each grade of Officers to whose Widows or Children the Pensions have been granted. See act I6th of Jipril, 1816, entitled " an act making further provision for Military services during the late war and for other purposes." Number of each grade. 5 4 10 11 64 1 40 22 6 10 66 46 10 1120 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 GRADE. Brigadier Generals Colonels Lieutenant Colonels Majors Captains Captain and Deputy Inspector General First Lieutenants Second Lieutenants Third Lieutenants Ensigns Seijeants Corporals ........ Musicians Privates Cornet Farrier Saddlers Quarter -master Assistant Deputy Quarter-master Hospital Surgeons Hospital Surgeon's Mate 5 Surgeons, two at j ■ (do .y . Assistant Apothecary General . . 'T . Rate of pension per month each. Amount for one year. Dolls. Cts. 52 00 37 50 30 00 25 00 20 00 45 00 15 00 12 50 11 50 10 00 50 00 50 00 10 00 6 50 50 00 20 00 37 50 20 00 30 00 22 50 22 50 Dolls. 3,120 1,800 3,600 3,300 15,360 540 7,200 3,300 828 1,200 4,356 2,760 540 53,760 120 78 156 60 240 900 240 720 540 270 Amount for five years. Dolls. 15,600 9,000 18,000 16,500 76,000 2,700 36,000 16,500 4,140 6,000 21,780 13,800 2,700 268,800 600 390 780 300 1,200 4,500 1,200 3,600 2,700 1,350 104,988 524,940 The above statement does not include the officers and soldiers who fell at the battle of Tippecannoe (November 7th, 1811), nor does it include those soldiers who enlisted for five years, or during the war, and whose children (by their guardians) have relinquished the bounty land, and received the half pay pension provided by the 2d section of the act of the 16th April, 1816. Applications continue to be made by claimants to be placed on the above list, by which the number will be increased. Paymaster General's Office, December Z7th, 1817. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 625 SECTION VIII. OF THE ARSENALS, MAGAZINES AND ARMORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Congress has power " to exercise executive legislation over all places pur- chased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful buildings.(i^3) In 1794,^'^*^ three or four arsenals, with magazines, were authorised to be esta- blished, under the direction of the President, in such places as would best accom- modate the different parts of the United States. A national armory was directed to be established at each of the arsenals, to have one superintendent and oue master armorer, and as many workmen as the Secretary of the Department of War shoidd deem necessary, provided in the whole, they did not exceed one hundred for all the armories. An officer was appointed, to superintend the re- ceiving, safe keeping and distribution of the military stores of the United States ;(i^'> and an annual account of the expenses of the national armories, toge- ther with an account of the arms made and repaired therein, was directed to be laid before the legislature of the United States. In 1 79S,('^^) the President was authorised to take, by lease, for a term of years, or by sale, in fee to the United States, one or more suitable places where can- non or small arms might be advantageously cast or manufactured; there to establish founderies and armories, and to cause suitable artisans and labourers to be employed, and to appoint superintendents of the works. An account of the expenditures was directed to be annually laid before Congress. In 1800,^'^'') the compensations to the persons employed in the armories, were established; a superintendent was allowed three rations per day, or an equiva- (163) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. viii. cl. 16. (164) Act 2d April, 1794; vol. ii. ch. 190. (165) The superintendents received each seventy dollars, a master armorer fifty dollars, and tlie su- perintendent of receiving, &c. one hundred and twenty -five dollars per month. (166) Act 4th May, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 55. (167) Act 7th May, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 200. 7 A 626 Of the Military Establishment of the United States. lent in money ; and a master armorer two rations per day, or a like equivalent, in addition to their pay established by law. All persons, who entice the artificers and workmen from the armories or arsenals, or who lure, employ or conceal any workman, ^c. during the conti- nuance of his engagement with the United States, are liable to fine and imprison- ment. The workmen are liable to a fine of twenty dollars, for wantonly break- ing or destroying implements, ^c. or refusing to perform the services lawfully assigned to them. AU the artificers and workmen employed in the armories are exempted, during their term of service, from aU military service, and the ser- vice as jurors in any court. In 1808,^"*) the President was authorised to purchase sites for, and to erect, such additional arsenals and manufactories of arms as he might deem expedient, vmder the limitations and restrictions provided by law. The provisions of former acts, limiting the number of the workmen in the armories to one hundred, were repealed. In 1815,^'^^) the public armories were placed under the direction of the Ord- nance department, to insure system and uniformity therein. The colonel of the Ordnance department, under the direction of the Secretary for the Department of War, was authorised to establish depots of arms, ammunition, and ordnance stores, in such parts of the United States, and in such number, as should be deemed necessary. See Ordnance Department. The principal armories of the United States have been established at Harper's Ferry, in Virginia; Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania; and Springfield, in Massachusetts. The arms, manufactured in the national works, are excellent; besides these, the government procures arms from individuals, who deliver the same according to a contract with the War Department. (168) Act 23d April, 1808; vol. iv. ch. 159. (169) Act 8th February, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 720. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 627 J '-S ■= S " if5iooo«Tf-*000)0»S!t---*Tf-.-HC0 (N ■w* *^ ^^ i=.- •- = cnotoiooi«-.>,ot^«oioioTt">oco"oioto i^ o" to a >n 2 m" (J'm O Tt CO OO^G^CSCO'-*'^ CO CTJ^ to CO rH'^V^i-^COO^^y^^'^O^i-^ Q .^irTcOO^^-^OOofco'trrGfirrco'Gf— ^■^O^.^Gf^ifTK o oo - ^-M O 00 O O O ^ .^ O «0 3 O O - I-- 1 i 3 ? « B "s^ THrHrHOOCOlOCOCO"^ '^•^IrsOG^GOf-HGOOOlOtOGO 00 M nil T-H = O O ^ CI O tft O j3 O CO Oi-t t^ t ° "^ ::; w o^ o*, !;o c c^ -3 S ^, ** "Is s ■s .•••. == § « 3 o c -a 1^ oiocn^ o si IIMMMMIlMooolloKTfOiio O Tt* rH Tf tW T— 1 Tf >-H i-T rH lO* r- lo" 00 ^ at iroooO'*ioG^>nooio«oioooo?oooooo>r>a>CTiio •TCOob. 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SECTION IX. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. A REGULAR army has always excited the jealousy of the people of the United States. Extensive military establishments are, by them, considered hostile to per- sonal liberty and free governments. The limit prescribed by the Constitution, in relation to the appropriations to support armies, demonstrates a decided national feeluig on the subject. From the commencement of our confederacy Congress reluctantly authorised the enlistments for the army ; the troops were only con- templated for temporary purposes, and the Umitation of the period of their ser- vice was fixed at the time they were enlisted. These facts would lead us to conclude that a uniform and well regulated sys- tem, for the organization, training and disciplining of the militia, had been long ago adopted ; but we have yet to regret that our militia system has continued to be very dissimilar in the several states, and that deep rooted prejudices still pre- vail in favour of former imperfect arrangements. UntU a uniform system shall be established throughout the United States, we apprehend that confiision and inefficiency will generally be the characteristics of that species of force, which, under proper regulations, might be made the bidwark of our country. No one will deny that our undisciplined militia has occasionally achieved some of the most brilliant deeds of which our miUtary annals may boast. We might recite many instances of their valour during the revolutionary war, and the effects of their co-operation with the regular army in the late war; but especially the laurels won at New-Orleans, on the ever memorable 8th of Ja- nuary, 1815. We should, however, guard against the wrong impressions derived from extraordinary occurrences, where a combination of pecuUar chcum- stances contributed to produce the results. In the case of New-Orleans the nature of the country is well adapted for defence; the selection of the com- mander was singularly fortunate; the mUitia of Tennessee were much accus- tomed to the use of fire arms, and they were anxious to meet the enemy. Our revolutionary experience, and frequent instances in the late war, have taught us that an undisciplined militia is the most expensive, the most wastefiil, and the Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 629 least effective force that can be brought into the field ; many of our most distin- guished officers concurred in thus characterising this species of force. General Washington said, " if I was called upon to declare upon oath, whether the mi- litia have been most serviceable or hurtful upon the whole, I should subscribe to the latter.(i^°) The people of the United States hazard too much to engage in a war, without the requisite preparation. Our habits are domestic, and each indi- vidual is occupied with his private concerns. The patriotic admonition, " if we desire to avoid insult, we must be able to repel it; if we desire to secure peace, one of the most powerful instruments of our prosperity, it must be known that we are at all times ready for war,"(^''>> has made but a slight impression upon us. At the termination of the war of the revolution, the skilful officers, who tiien remained, might have been employed to prepare a system of organization, and of military instruction for our militia; the advantages, then within our power, were lost to the nation. The petty warfare with the Indians on our fron- tiers, very soon afforded demonstrations of our want of military knowledge ; the course which was followed, seemed to be rather the result of chance, than the consequence of well established principles. Our militia system, was allowed to depend upon the convenience'-^^^^ of the several states; the organization of the corps of the army was not uniform, and that gave rise to confusion. The officers had lost the sldll, which many of them had acquired from hard service in the field. Before it shall again be too late, we should take advantage of our expe- rience during the late war ; the most scientific of the officers, ought to be era- ployed to form a plan for the organization of the militia and army, and it should be put into operation in the states and territories respectively. By these means, our peace establishment would be made highly respectable, and it would con- stitute the best basis for a formidable superstructure in the event of a war. Uniformity in military affairs, constitutes the soul of the system; this principle should be applied to every branch of the establishment, whether the troops be in garrisons or in the field; it applies with equal force to corps and divisions, to camps, to the construction of machines and carriages, and also to the form, size, ^c. of fire arms of every description. An army, to produce the greatest (170) Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. ii. p. 488. (171) The President's Message, 3d December, 1817. (172) See Act 8th May, 1792 ; sect. S, vol. ii. ch. 134. 7 B 630 Of the Military EstablishmeTit of the United States. effect, must move with precision and celerity, and this can only take place, where each of the component parts bears a regular proportion to the whole. The officers of the different corps, should be instructed in all that relates to the duties of every other description of troops ; on this account the system should be made as simple as possible. No army can boast more brilliant triumphs than that of France ; no other nation has paid so much attention to the uniformity of the discipline and organization of the troops; there the principle has been extended to all the ramifications of the service. Though a gun carriage, a musket, ^c. ^c. which may have been made in the most southern district, should, when it arrives in the extreme north of the empire, want a wheel, any portion of the lock, or even a single screw, the defect is instantly reme(Ued from the surplus which is kept at every depot to meet the emergency ; the different parts of a gun carriage, or of a firelock, though they may have been made in very distant establishments, will, when they are collected, fit as though they had been executed by the same workman; such a system will be the most efficient, at the same time the least expensive ; it will moreover guard us against much of the waste, which every where accompanies military operations. Our peace establishment should be founded upon the principles and regulations, which are best adapted to the state of war; it is understood, by those who enter the army, that many of the privileges, which characterised them in civU life, are to be relinquished; that sacrifices seem essential to secure the estabhshment. and for the preservation of the discipline, which is indispensable for active service; it will be much more easy to enforce the observance of proper regulations, when they are immediately put into practice, than to correct errors, after they shall have become habitual. The Military Academy at West Point, has afforded a sufficient number of proofs of its utUity ; the seminary, which is but an infant establishment, merits the fostering care of the government. Every attempt, to multiply the number of the military schools in the United States, should be resisted, untU after the ori- ginal establishment shall have attained the highest state of improvement. Eveiy additional institution will add much to the expenses, and may have the eflFect of retarding the progress of instruction in all of them; different systems may be pursued in each establishment, and though the actual number of the professors may be multiplied, it does not follow, that the opportunities to acquire know- lege wiU be augmented ; it is evident, that the same professor may demonstrate to a very considerable number of pupils. Should several schools be authorised, the students from the different states vdll remain strangers to each other; we eonceive it all important, that the early habits of friendship should operate in Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 631 averting common danger; and a mutual dependance for safety, will only be the result of much intercourse on the part of individuals. It may gratify state pride, to have a military school within its jurisdiction ; but it is idle to speak of incon- venience arising from the distance, which a cadet may have to travel to seek instruction ; a soldier should find his home in every part of his country. Liberal appropriations on the part of the legislature, a concentration of the funds, and the appointment of men of science as teachers, will be the best guarantees of the prosperity of our mihtary school. The number of the pupils in the Academy at West Point may be augmented, dnd military knowledge diffused in the United States, without adding at aU to the public expenditures ; a modification of the present plan wUl effect these pur- poses. The pupils, who are to be instructed and supported at the public expense, should be selected from the sons of the officers and soldiers who have been killed or invalided in the service of their country ; an additional number might be ad- mitted, to be taught gratis, though they should pay a reasonable compensation for their subsistence and accommodations m the establishment. The students must all be treated alike ; the subsistence, clothing, accommodations, duties, ^c. should be the same for aU who are equally advanced in their classes ; and the most trifling distinctions must be avoided. By such a course, latent genius will be stimulated ; intelligent citizens will be distributed in every state and territory in the Union'; the invalid will be consoled, the widow comforted; ornaments to human nature wUl be created from the materials, which, under different circum- stances, may be found in the walks of mendicity, debauchery and theft ; national advantages will be combined with national duty and gratitude, and we may thus secure a resource for military service in cases of emergency. The capacity of the United States to furnish soldiers for the army was demon- strated as long ago as 1755; the Colonies then agreed to raise nineteen thou- sand troops to act against Crownpoint, Niagara, and fort Du Quesne; for the campaign in 1758, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New-Hampshire voted fifteen thousand men.^*''^^ The annexed statement exhibits the number of the troops, raised in the several states, during the war of the revolution, for the continental army; these returns are independent of the militia who were occasionally called into the service. (irS) Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. i. pp. 403 and 427. 632 Of the Miiitary Establishment of the United States. «j «> i^ i . 1 o O S 2 "1 t,'^."^® '^'^'^'^ to o t~j 1 g^ Tf to (D ■* ©■ G? t-T «0 00 lOOO « «0 0000050'^OTtS-* 00 o o ■l*^ O 0502;»^OC0«3r)00>OTfO>t^ <31 lO to o CTK»^Tt<<£>t^o>r> 1 1 CO o Tj«e0«O00OO >o o 00 »^ rr rf t-. rH to 0>0 1 1 o 00 KK.-^'^'HOOtn KWltS Oi-lt?3»^Oo3«tO<» 1 1-* o 00 O'*0J'-lr-l>-ICTWO'* o o «tn n*>n'\ <\n W t- i-iTC eo©)rHr>b,K-H-^b,,-( O 00 cn o "S t^ osi>oinww-5)o K o o >s t> ©lotoo.-'ototneooqw i-Tt-T Tr'-Ti-T-^ ofiorH T-t 1—1 ■* to ■tH m tsq (O 0»«00O0SCT0505»^-HT^ Cl y^ T— I o <-ih.aiai<3^o>y-iom(x>O35 had no navy, and the " very fevs^" armed vessels, which then belonged to them, were sold by the order of Congress/^) In 1784, the appropriations for the Marine Department amoimted only to 30,000 dollars. In that year the Barbary Powers commenced hostilities against the United States by depredations on om- commerce. The Betsey, an American vessel, was captured by one of their cruisers, and carried into Tangier ; in a short time thereafter, five other American vessels were captured by two Barbary frigates; they were carried into Algiers. Early in 1785, three more of our vessels were taken by these Powers.^*^ The dey of Algiers, in a formal manner, declared war against the United States.^') In 1786, Captain Watson, of the American brig Jupiter, after an obstinate engagement, captured a Barbary cruiser, and carried her into Malaga.^^) Our commerce in the Mediterranean was very much inter- rupted; there was no national force to protect it; and our flag, on that sea, was continually exposed to insult and depredation. (^^ In 1793, the Portuguese government concluded a truce vnth the regency of Algiers; they withdrew their squadron, which before had occupied the Straits. Our vessels became a more easy prey to their barbarian enemies. The Alge- rines, during their first short cruise, captured eleven American merchantmen, and made more than one hundred prisoners, who were carried into slavery. These facts were communicated to Congress by the President of the United States; he also informed them that there was no reason to entertain the hope of concluding a peace with the regency of Algiers. Our barbarian foe knew that we had no naval force to contend with him, and he viewed the nation as weak and contemptible. On the 2d of January, 1794, it was resolved in the House of Representatives, " that a naval force, adequate to the protection of the commerce of the United States, against the Algerine corsairs, ought to be provided." In 1794,(^) six frigates were authorised to be built, for the protection of our trade against the Algerines, then at war with the United States. Four of these vessels were to carry forty-four guns each; two of them, thirty-six guns each. In the same yeai',^®^ the President was empowered to procure, not exceeding ten vessels, which were to be fitted and equipped as galleys. (3) The Alliance, the only vessel of war belonging to the United States, was ordered to be sold by Congress, on the Sd of June, 1785. See Journals of Congress. (4) Clarke's Naval History of the United States, vol. i. p. 140. (5) Macpherson's Annals, vol. iv. p. 77. (6) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 141. (7) See Confidential State Papers, p. 43. vol. x. of State Papers, published in 1817. (8) Act 27th March, 1794 ; vol. ii. ch. 188. (9) Act 5th June, 1794 ; vol, ii. ch. 22S. 636 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. That our government did not contemplate a permanent naval establishment, is evident from the aet just recited; it was provided, that in the event of a peace being made with Algiers, no further proceedings should take place, by virtue of said act. That a naval establishment was not a favourite with our government, will be demonstrated by the proceedings of the legislature. On the 29th of January, 1796, the President informed Congress, that a treaty of peace had been made with Algiers. A committee was then raised in the House of Representatives, " to enquire into the actual state of the naval equipment, ordered by a former law of the United States;" and they reported, that, "as the primary cause for which the six frigates were to be built, is probably ac- complished, two of the frigates, one of forty-four guns, and one of thirty-six guns should be finished as soon as possible ;" they further reported, that the President of the United States should be authorised, "to disposs of such part of the materials procured, as may be of a perishable nature, after reserving a sufficiency to complete one frigate of forty-four guns and one of thirty-six guns. That the surplus should be secured in the best manner the nature of the case will admit, to be ready whenever Congress may deem it adviseable to direct the finishing of the other four frigates;" and "that the surplus monies appropriated for building of frigates, after completing two of them, should be applied to the sinking fund for the reduction of public debt." Congress however authorised the construction and equipment of two frigates of forty-four guns each, and one frigate of thirty- six guns ; and the perishable materials procured, which were not necessary to complete the three frigates aforesaid, were directed to be sold.^^°^ In 1797, the three frigates above mentioned, were completed, and they con- stituted the whole of our naval force. These vessels were named the Constitu- tion, United States and Constellation ; the two former were rated forty-four guns each, and the latter thirty-six guns ; they were the three first commissioned for our service, and they are the three, which, for the brilliancy of their achieve- ments, have become the most conspicuous. The three firigates,^") were authorised to be manned and put in service. Our relations with the government of France assumed an unpleasant aspect. Congress made preparations to meet future emergencies. In 1798,('^^ the President was authorised to cause to be built, purchased or hired, not exceeding twelve vessels, to carry not more than twenty-two guns each, to be equipped under his direction. (10) Act 20th April, 1796; vol. ii. ch. 308. (11) Act 1st July, 1797; vol, iii. ch. 7. (12) Act 27th April, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 48, Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 637 Prior to the 30th April, 1798, all matters and things, relative to the naval force of the United States, vrere confided to the Secretary of the War Depart- ment.^'^^ The number of our armed vessels was about to be increased, our naval transactions were to be extended, and much preparation was necessary, before any system, for our future proceedings, could be digested. To give aU possible effect to the plans of the government, an additional exe- cutive branch called the Department of the Navy, was established/'*^ The Secre- tary of the Navy is the chief officer of this department, and it is his duty to execute the orders of the President concerning the procurement of naval stores and materials, and the construction, armament, equipment and employment of vessels of war, and all other matters connected with the naval establishment of the United States. Ten smaU vessels,^*'^ to be fitted as gallies or otherwise, were authorised to be built or purchased, under the direction of the President. A marine corps was established ;^'®^ to consist of one major, four captains, six- teen first lieutenants, twelve second lieutenants, forty-eight seijeants, forty-eight corporals, thirty-two drums and fifes, and seven hundred and twenty privates, including the marines that had been already enlisted for the naval establish- ment. The President was authorised to accept the proposals of any persons, who might offer to deliver to the United States, on advantageous terms and on credit, armed vessels for the public service ;('^) certificates for the debt thus incurred, were directed to be made out at the Treasury Department. The vessels afore- said, were not to exceed twelve in addition to those which had been authorised, and the whole of the force was directed to consist of the following rates, viz : six of not more than eighteen guns each ; twelve of not less than twenty and not more than twenty-four guns each, and six of not less than thirty-two guns each. Such armed vessels as might be offered by any state, corporation or citi- zens of the United States, for the public service, were also allowed to be accept- ed. The President was authorised to vary, at his discretion, the quotas of the (13) December 11th, 1775, Congress appointed a naval or marine committee, to devise ways and means for furnishing the colonies with a naval armament On the 9th of June, 1779, the management of all busi- ness, concerning the marine of the United States, was vested in commissioners. On the 28th of October, 1779, a Board of Admiralty was establishedj to superintend the naval and marine affairs of the United States ; it consisted of three commissioners, not members of Congress, and two members of Congress, After the 8th of December, 1779, all matters before referred to the marine committee, were transferred to the Board of Admiralty. On the 7th of February, 1781, a secretary of marine was authorised; he executed all the duties and was vested with the powers of the Board of Admiralty. (14) Act 30th April, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 52. (15) Act 4th May, 1798 ; vol. iii. ch. 56. (16) Act 11th July, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 89. (17) Act SOth June, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 81. 7 D 638 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. seamen, landsmen and marines,^'^) who were on board the frigates; and to ad- mit a proportion of boys into the service. Three vessels, to mount not less than thirty-two guns each, were authorised to be built and equipped, as a part of the additional naval armament ; for this purpose, six hundred thousand dollars were appropriated/*^) In 1799,(^'') the President was invested with power, to cause two docks to be erected for the repairing of the public vessels ; fifty thousand dollars were ap- propriated for these purposes. By virtue of another act of the date aforesaid, two hundred thousand dollars were appropriated for the purchase of growing timber, or of lands on which timber was growing, suitable for the navy. The timber was directed to be purchased, under the directions of the President, for the future uses of the navy.^^') By virtue of a third act of the date above mentioned, six seventy-four gun ships, and six sloops of war, to carry eighteen guns each, were directed to be built, in addition to the vessels before authorised for the navy. For these purposes one million of dollars was appropriated. ^^^^ The marine corps was augmented, f^''^ by adding thereto, two first lieutenants, six second lieutenants, eight Serjeants, one hundred and seventy privates, and eighteen drummers and fifers. In 1800,^^) a lieutenant colonel commandant was appointed, to command the marine corps, and the office of major, in that corps, was abolished. In 1801,^^°) The Secretary of the Navy submitted to Congress, that aU the public armed vessels should be sold, in the event of a treaty being concluded with France, except the following, viz: the frigates Constitution, United States, Congress, Constellation, President, Chesapeak, Essex, Philadelphia, New-York, Boston, John Adams, Adams, and General Greene. He fiirther recommended, that the navy should be gradually augmented by building line of battle ships and frigates from the best materials, and that half pay should be allowed to the officers of the navy, during peace. The President was accordingly authorised, to cause to be sold,^®^) aU or any of the ships and vessels belonging to the navy, they being first divested of then- guns and military stores, which were to be carefuUy preserved, except the frigates above named, such of the frigates as were not directed to be kept in (18) The commissioned officers of the navy and army are appointed by the President, with the consent of the Senate ; the warrant officers in the navy are not affirmed by the Senate. (19) Act 16th July, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 99. (20) Act 25th February, 1799; vol. iii. ch. 121. (21) Act 25th February, 1799; vol. iii. ch. 122. (22) Act 25th February, 1799; vol. iii. ch. 119. (23) Act 2d March, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 143. (24) Act 22d April, 1800 ; vol. iii. 183. (25) Letter of the Secretary of the Navy, dated 12th January, 1801. (26) Act 3d March, 1801; vol. iii. ch. 245. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 639 constant service in time of peace, were to be laid up. Six of the frigates were ordered to be kept in constant service in time of peace ; they were to be officered and manned as the President should direct, provided, the crews should not exceed two thirds of the complement, at that time on board. Nine captains, thirty-six lieutenants and one hundred and fifty midshipmen were ordered to be retained in service, and all the other officers of the navy to be discharged. The officers who were retained, received only one half of their monthly pay, when they were not under orders for actual service, and those who were discharged, re- ceived four months pay over and above what was due to them at the time of their being discharged. In 1803,^'^'') the President was authorised to procure four vessels of war, for the protection of the seamen and commerce of the United States, in the Mediterranean and adjacent seas; each of these vessels was to carry not more than sixteen guns. Fifteen gun-boats were also directed to be built for such purposes as the public service might require. In 1804,^^*) the President was empowered to procure two vessels of war, to carry not more than sixteen guns each, and to hire or accept the loan of as many gun-boats, in the Mediterranean sea, as the public service might require, for the protection of our seamen and commerce, against the Barbaiy powers. In 1805,^^^) twenty-five gun-boats were directed to be buUt, for the protection of our seaport towns, in aid of land batteries. In 1806,'^^°) so much of a former act, concerning the naval establishment, as required a certain number of frigates to be kept in constant service, was re- pealed. The President was authorised to keep in actual service, in time of peace, as many frigates and other public armed vessels as might be necessary, and the remaining vessels were to be laid up in ordinar}^ Thirteen captains, nine masters commandant, seventy-two lieutenants and one hundred and fifty midshipmen, were authorised to be retained in the service ; they received only half pay, when they were not under orders for actual service. The whole number of able seamen, ordinary seamen and boys in the service, was not to exceed nine hundred and twenty-five. A sufficient number of medical and warrant officers, were authoris- ed for the vessels kept in actual service. Fifty gun-boats were authorised to be built. (^*) The President might cause any of the armed vessels to be sold, whenever in his opinion, it would not be for the interest of the United States to repair the same. (27) Act 28th February, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 324. (28) Act 26th Maixh, 1804 ; vol. iii. ch. 399. (29) Act 2d March. 1805 ; vol. iii. ch. 443. (30) Act 21st April, 1806 ; vol. iv. ch. 35. (31) Act 21st April, 1806; vol. iv. ch. 47. 640 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. In 1807/^^) five hundred seamen, in addition to those retained in the semce, were authorised to be employed; and one hundred and eighty-eight gun-boats to be buUt or purchased/'^^) In 1809,(3'^) the frigates United States, President, Essex, and John Adams, in addition to the vessels in service, were authorised to be fitted out. The Pre- sident might also put into actual service as many of the public armed vessels, then in ordinaiy, and gun-boats, as he should deem expedient; he was further empowered to add three hundred midshipmen, and to engage three thousand six hundred able seamen, ordinary seamen and boys, for two years. The marine coips was to be augmented,^^') by the addition of one major, two captains, two first lieutenants, one hundred and eighty-five corporals, and five hundred and ninety-four privates, to be enlisted for five years. Such of the public armed ves- sels, as the President might judge proper, were to be laid up in ordinary, and the act passed on the 3 1st of January, 1809, was repealed.^^^> In 1812,^^''^ the fi-igates Constellation, Chesapeak, and Adams were put in ac- tual service. Two hundred thousand dollars were, annually, for three years, ap- propriated towards the purchase of a stock of timber fit for ship-building and other navy purposes ; the first purchase was to consist of such timber as was suitable for rebuilding the frigates Philadelphia, New-York, Boston and General Greene. Wlienever it should be compatible with the public service the gun-boats, in com- mission, were to be laid up, and, together with such of them as were not com- missioned, distributed in the several ports and harbours of the United States, most exposed to attacks, and to be used as circumstances might require. In 1813,(^*> ten ships, four of them to rate not less than seventy-four guns each, and six to rate not less than forty-four guns each, were authorised to be built and equipped. Six sloops of war were authorised to be built, equipped and commissioned ; and as many sloops of war or armed vessels as the public ser- vice might require on the lakes, to be procured, equipped, and commissioned; the President might employ the number of officers and men, who were neces- sary for said vessels. One hundred thousand dollars were appropriated for the erection of a dock yard, suitable to repair the public vessels. The President (32) Act 3d March, 1807; vol. iv. ch. 95. (33) Act 18th December, 1807; vol. iv. ch. 108. (34) Act 31st January, 1809; vol. iv. ch. 182. (35) Act 3d March, 1809; vol. iv. ch. 204. (36) Act 28th June, 1809; vol. iv. ch. 225. (37) Act 30th March, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 370. (38) Act 2d January, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 471. On the 20th of November, 1776, Congress resolved, that three vessels, to carry seventy-four guns each, should be built for the service of the United States. But one of these vessels was finished; she was called the " America," and was presented to the king of France, on the 3d of September, 1782, in lieu of the Ma^nijique line of battle ship, lost in Boston Harbour. The line of battle ships authorised by the act of the 2ath of February, 1799, vol. iii. ch. 119, were not built. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 641 might contract for the building of any of the forty -four gun ships, authorised by the act of the 2d of January, 1813. The gun boats which had become unfit for service, or were unnecessary to be retained, were to be disposed of.^^^) The President might cause as many barges to be built as the service required; they were to be not less than forty-five feet long and capable of carrying heavy guns/*°) In 1814,^**^ one or more floating batteries were authorised to be constructed. The vessels captured, by Commodore Perry, on Lake Erie, from the British, were directed to be purchased on behalf of the United States.^^^^ Twenty addi- tional vessels, to carry not less than eight, nor more than sixteen guns each, were authorised to be built or procured. "^^^^ In 1815,'^**) a Board of Commissioners for the Navy of the United States was established ; it consists of three officers of the navy, who rank as post captains. This board is attached to the office of the Secretary of the Navy ; and under his superintendence, the commissioners are directed to discharge ah. the minis- terial duties of said office, relative to the procurement of naval stores and mate- rials, and the construction, armament, equipment and employment of vessels of war, as well as all other matters connected with the naval establishment. The commissioners were directed to prepare such rules and regulations, as should be necessary for securing an uniformity in the several classes of vessels and their equipments, also for securing responsibility in the subordinate officers and agents ; these rules to take effect, after they should have received the approba- tion of the President. The Secretary of the Navy was confirmed in the control and direction of the naval forces, as had been prescribed by law. ■ AH the armed vessels of the United States, on the Lakes, except such as were necessary to enforce the execution of the revenue laws, were directed to be sold or laid up; they being first divested of their armament, tackle and fur- niture, which were to be carefully preserved. The act of the 1 5th of November 1814, by virtue of which certain vessels were authorised to be procured was repealed, such of the vessels aforesaid, as had been obtained by virtue of that act, which the public service did not require, were directed to be sold. Such of the gun-boats, as the President might consider unnecessary for the public service were to be sold, after having been divested of their guns and military stores which were to be carefully preserved. ^*'^ Two hundred thousand dollars were (39) Act 3d March, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 519. (40) Act 5th July, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 534. (41) Act 9th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 609. (42) Act 18th April, 1814; vol.iv. ch. 658. (43) Act 15th November, 1814 ; vol. iv. ch. 685. (44) Act 7th February, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 717. (45) Act 27th February, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 744. ^ , 7 E 642 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. appropriated, annually, for three years, towards the purchase of a stock of every description of timber, required for ship building and other naval purposes.^*^^ The vessels, captured by Commodore Macdonough, on Lake Champlain, from the British, were directed to be purchased on behalf of the United States.^*^^ Our merchant vessels were again attacked by the cruisers of the Dey of Al- giers ; several of our citizens were captured and confined by that power. The President was authorised to equip, officer, man and employ such of the armed vessels, as he might judge requisite, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen of the United States, on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas.^**^ In 18 le,"^*^) one million of dollars were, annually, during eight years, appro- priated for the gradual increase of the navy ; this appropriation included so much of the monies appropriated, on the 3d of March, 1815, towards the purchase of timber, as remained unexpended. The President was authorised to cause nine ships to be built and equipped; to rate not less than seventy-four guns each, and twelve ships to rate not less than forty-four guns each, as soon as seasoned tim- ber and other materials, necessary for the building of the vessels, should be pro- cured. The number of the ships aforesaid, includes one of the seventy-four's and three of the forty-four gun ships, authorised by virtue of the act of the 2d of January, 1813. The new vessels may be framed and allowed to remain on the stocks, so that they may be prepared for service in the shortest time practicable. For the defence of the ports and harbours of the United States, steam engines and all the imperishable materials, which are necessary for building and equip- ing three steam batteries, were to be procured, and the block ship on the stocks near New-Orleans, was directed to be completed. ^'°^ (46) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. eh. 763. (47) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 770. (48) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 771. Pursuant to the provisions of this act, a squadron of our ships was dispatched for the Mediterranean, under the command of Commodore Decatur, who, on the 17th of June, 1815, captured an Algerine frigate, of 46 guns, after a running fight of twenty-five minutes. The commodore's ship, the Guerriere frigate, had four men wounded by the musketry of the enemy ; unfortu- nately one of the guns of the Guerriere, burst after the first discharge, and killed five, and wounded thirty men. These accidents have happened too often on board our vessels, and satisfy us that too little attention is paid when the guns are proved. — On the 19th of June, 1815, the squadron captured an Algerine brig of 22 guns ; in this last rencountre our vessels suffered no damage whatever. — On the 29th of June, 1815, a treaty of peace was concluded with th« Dey of Algiers. The two vessels, which we had captured, were restored to the Dey, and the government of the United States authorised one hundred thousand dollars to be distributed among the captors. See act 27th April, 1816. (49) Act 29th April, 1816. (50) Pursuant to the provisions of the act above recited, the Board of Navy Commissioners have con- tracted for the live oak frames, cut to moulds, for eight line of battle ships and eight frigates of forty -four guns each; one line of battle ship is now building at Washington and the frame for another is cutting on Of the Kaval Establish^nent of the United States. 643 In 1817/") The SecFetary of the Navy was directed to cause such vacant and unappropriated lands of the United States, as produce the live oak and red cedar timbers, to be explored, and to select such tracts for the navy, as in his judgment wUl furnish a sufficient quantity of such timbers. The peace establishment of the Marine Corps^^^^ was fixed as follows, viz: one lieutenant colonel commandant, nine captains, twenty-four first lieutenants, sixteen second lieutenants, one adjutant and inspector, one paymaster, and one quarter-master, to be taken from the captains and lieutenants, seventy-three cor- porals, forty-two drums and fifes, and seven hundred and fifty privates. In 1816, six navy yards belonged to the United States ; they were purchased by virtue of acts passed at different periods ; and they are situated as follows, viz : one at Portsmouth, New-Hampshire, containing fifty-eight acres, and cost 5,500 dollars; one at Charlestown, Massachusetts, containing thirty-four acres, and cost 39,214 dollars; one at New- York, of forty acres, and cost 40,000 dol- lars; one at Philadelphia, of eleven acres, and cost 37,000 dollars; one at Washington City, of thirty-seven acres, and cost 4,000 dollars; and one at Gos- port, Virginia, of sixteen acres, and cost 12,000 dollars. Blackbeard island. In the navy yard at Washington, there is live oak timber sufficient for the frame of one frigate. Although all the timber can be ultimately procured, it is doubtful whether the present con- tracts for three of the frames of the line of battle ships, and for four of the frigates, will be punctually executed. A ship of the line has been laid down in each of the yards follovi^ing, viz: in New-York, Wash- ington and Norfolk. Preparations are making in the yards at Portsmouth, Boston and Philadelphia, for the laying down of line of battle ships. One hundred and eighty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-four cubic feet of live oak timber, cut to moulds, for line of battle ships, and 122,168 cubic feet for frigates have been contracted for; 23,398 cubic feet for line of battle ships, and 15,271 cubic feet for frigates, is now cutting on Blackbeard island, besides 23,398 cubic feet for line of battle ships, and 15,271 cubic feet for frigates already collected in the navy yard at the city of Washington ; making in the aggregate 233,980 cubic feet for line of battle ships, and 152,710 cubic feet for frigates, and a grand total, amounting to 386,690 cubic feet, which will be sufficient for the frames of ten ships of the line, and ten frigates of the largest class. Two millions one hundred and fifty -four thousand four hundred and sixty-eight feet of oak plank ; 957,250 feet of yellow pine plank; 46,866 feet of yellow pine beams; 113,756 feet of yellow pine and oak for ledges, &c. ; 47,716 sided inches of knees; 271,092 inches of yellow pine for masts, yards, &c. ; and 2,100 cubic feet of oak for keel and kelson pieces have been also contracted for. Contracts have been entered into for 2,300 bolts of American made canvas, and will cost about 49,700 dollars, and for considerable quantities of cannon, carronades and shot. Eighty tons of lead have been procured for 10,398 dollars and 66 cents ; five hundred tons of iron for 52,558 dollars and 89 cents ; and a steam engine, equal to one hundred horse power, has been contracted for at 30,000 dollars. See Message of the President, dated 8th January, 1818, transmitting a report of the Secretary of the Navy. In 1817, the frame of live oak timber, cut to moulds, for a line of battle ship, was contracted for at one dollar and fifty -five cents per cubic foot; that for a frigate, at one dollar and forty -two and an.half cents' per cubic foot ; and promiscuous timber for these frames, at one hundred cents per cubic foot. White oak root knees, at fifty cents per inch. Oak and yellow pine plank, at three dollars per one hundred superficial feet; lower masts, at six and a quarter cents per inch. (51) Act 1st March, 1817. (52) Act 3d March, 1817. 644 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Vessels which belonged to the United States, in 1799; together with the cost of the same and then' rates. Actual cost for VESSELS. Rate. Amount of cost when purchased. the vessels whici. were built or re- paired. Dolls. Cts Frigates, United States 44 built by the U. States. 299,336 56 Constitution . 44 do. 302,718 84 President 44 do. 220,910 08 Constellation 36 do. 314.212 15 Congress 36 do. 197,246 81 Chesapeak 36 do. 220,677 80 New-York 36 do. 159,639 60 Philadelphia 32 do. 179,349 00 Essex 32 do. 139,362 50 John Adams . 32 do. 113,505 72 Adams . 32 do. 76,622 27 Boston . 32 do. 119,570 04 General Greene 24 do. 105,492 32 George Washington 24 40,400 69,024 92 Insurgent'*'^ 36 captured from the French 96,640 29 Ships, Ganges 24 58,000 80,665 21 Portsmouth 24 59,561 52 Merrimack 24 46,170 20 Connecticut 24 57,260 65 Baltimore 20 27,000 56,277 67 Delaware . 20 45,000 59,563 01 Maryland . 20 70,249 83 Petapsco 20 73,104 40 Herald 18 21,000 47,780 77 Trumbull . 20 58,494 91 Warren 20 34,702 01 Montezuma 20 28,000 55,732 13 Brigs, Norfolk 18 18,720 55 Richmond 18 27,896 87 Augusta 18 16,294 29 Pickeringt'^) 14 32,126 06 Siren 16 32,521 77 Argus 16 37,428 29 Hornet 16 _ Schooners, Enterprise . 14 16,240 52 Experiment 14 16,689 15 Vixen 14 20,872 73 Nautilus 14 18,763 51 Galleys, South Carolina 5,146 54 Charleston 5,190 04 Beaufort 5,030 53 St Mary's 5,575 11 Savannah 6,228 69 Protector 4.443 59 Mars 4,387 45 Governor Davie 3,125 09 Governor Williams .... 3,213 41 (53) In 1800, The Insurgent and Pickering were dispatched on an expedition, since which they have not been heard of. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United Stated. 645 STATEMENT Of the amaunt of the sales of sundry public Vessels and Stores, made in purSaance of the act of 5d of March, 1801. VESSELS SOLD. Where Sold. Amount of Sales. Cost to tlie United States. Merimack . Herald Warren Connecticut Trumbull . Richmond Petapsco . , Ganges Portsmouth . Delaware Eagle . Scammel Experiment . Augusta Maryland Boston do. do. New-York do. do. Philadelphia do. Baltimore do. do. do. do. Norfolk Baltimore Dolls. Cts. 21,154 59 17,847 75 19,747 01 19,300 00 26,500 00 6,250 00 24,680 00 21,000 00 34,365 82 23,799 28 10,585 73 8,001 87 8,446 68 13,889 GO 20,200 00 Dolls. Cts. ("M6,170 20 47,180 77 34,702 04 , 57,260 65 58,494 91 27,896 87 73,104 40 80,665 21 59,561 52 59,563 01 16,689 15 16,294 29 70,249 83 Totals, — 275,767 73 648,432 85 (54) The amounts in this column, and those in the last column of the preceding statement, include the sums originally paid for the vessels to the merchants, from whom they were purchased ; and also, the expenses of the repairs and outfits, necessary to adapt them to the public sei-vice. A STATEMENT Of the Vessels which belonged to the United States on the 9,9th of January, 1802. Note. This list includes all the vessels which the Secretary of the Navy, in 1801, proposed should be retained for the public service. VESSELS NAMES. Rate. Frigates United States 44 Constitution . 44 President 44 Chesapeak 36 Constellation 36 Congress 36 New-Yorkf") 36 Philadelphia ("' 32 Boston''*) 32 Essex 32 Adams 32 John Adams , 32 General Greene <") 24 Schooner Enterprize 12 (55) The frigate Philadelphia was lost in 1803, by being wrecked on rocks, near the town of Tripoli; that vessel, the New-York and Boston, in 1812, were ordered to be rebuilt; the two last named, in 1812, were declared to be unworthy of repairs ; the General Greene was converted into a store house in the navy yard at the city of Washington, where the three last named were finally destroyed, by an order from the Navy Department, vt'hen the British were about to enter that city, in 1814. 7 F 646 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the condition and disposition of the Pubhc Vessels of War and Gun Boats, which belonged to the United States, I3th December, 1810. VESSELS' NAMES. Where Stationed. Kate. Remarks. Frigates, President Constitution New-York New Castle (Del.) 44? 44$ cruizing to the eastward. United States . Essex Hampton Roads Ditto 44? 32 5 Essex gone to Europe. Ship Wasp Savannah 18 Corvette John Adams Charieston (S. C.) 24 Brigs, Argus Boston 16 Hornet . «n Hampton Roads 18 repairing. Nautilus Ditto 14 do. Siren New Orleans 16 Viper (ss) . Ditto. 12 Oneida Sackets Harbor, lake Ontario 16 Vixen Washington City 14 repairing. Sdiooner Revenge . Newport (R. I.) cruising to the eastward. Gun boats 9,7 • ■ • • New Orleans Jn Ordinary. Frigates, Chesapeak Boston 36 Congress ~ 36 The hull of the Congress Constellation . 36 has lately been thoroughly New-York r Navy yard, Washington City 36 repaired. The other frigates Adams 32 in ordinary require exten- Boston 32 sive repairs. Schooner Enterprise Norfolk 14 Gun Boats 10 Charleston (S. C.) 21 Norfolk 10 Baltimore 20 Philadelphia 52 New-York 2 Westerly (R. I.) 2 Norwich (Conii.) 4 Wilmington (N. C.) 1 Boston 9 Portland (Maine) 2 Lake Champlain 9 . . . . Washington City (56) Late the " Ferret," cutter. Of the JVaval Establishment of the United States. 647 A STATEMENT Of the Vessels of War, which belonged to the United States, in 1812, when the War was declared against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Dependencies thereof. VESSELS' NAMES. Rate. Frigates, Constitution .... 44 United States 44 President 44 Chesapeak 36 Constellation 36 Congress . 36 Essex 32 New-York 36 unworthy of repairs. Boston 32 do. do. Adams 32 Corvette John Adams 26 Ships, Wasp 16 Hornet 16 Brigs, Siren 16 Argus 16 Oneida 16 Schooners, Vixen 12 Nautilus . 12 Enterprize 12 Viper 12 Bomb ketches, Etna Vesuvius . Vengeance Spitfire . 170 gun boats .... 648 Of the Kavai Establishment of tlie United States, A Statement of the condition and general dispositiqn of the Vessels of War, of the United States, stationed at ports adjacent to the Mlantic Ocean, or cruising, February 3.8th, 1815. Note. The Cyane, noticed below, was added after the above date. VESSELS' NAMES. Rate. CONDITION AND DISPOSITION. Ships, Ihdependence . . « . 74 Charlestown, Massachusetts. Wasnington 74 Portsmouth, New-Hampshire. Franklin . 74 Philadelphia. Frigates, Guerrier United States Constitution Constellation 44 44 44 44 36 Do. ready for sea. Baltimore, do. In ordinary. Cruising. Norfolk, ready for sea. Boston, do. Congress . 36 Macedonian 38 New-London, in ordinary. Corvette John Adams 24 New- York, in good order. Ships, Block Ship Alert Hornet W^asp Peacock Ontario Erie . Louisiana . Cyane 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 28 No armament, suspended on the stocks. . In good order. Ready for service. Ditto. Ditto. Nearly ready for sea. Ready to receive her crew. New-Orleans, ready for service. New-York. Brigs, Epervier . Troup Enterprize Siren Etna (bomb) Flambeau . Spark Fire Fly . Prometheus 18 16 14 16 12 12 12 Nearly ready for sea. Unfit for active service. Boston, in good serviceable order. In complete order. New-Orleans, not in order for service. Ready for sea, New-York. Do. do. Do. do. 9 Repairing. Schooners , Caroline Nonsuch Spitfire . Tom Bowline Alligator . Roanoke . Hornet Lynx Despatch . Asp . 12 14 14 9 7 5 5 3 3 Ready for service. Charleston, South Carolina. New-York Ditto. Ditto. Wilmington, North Carolina. Washington City. Norfolk. In complete order. Ditto. Ranger 1 Helen 4 Ditto. Torch 10 Firebrand . 7 Surjprize Buffaloe 7 Sloops, 5 Ih complete order. Ditto. Cammel 5 Tickler . — Wants large armament. Ketches, Spirfire Vesuvius . Vengeance 124 Gun Boats — In serviceable order. I • Unwortliy of repairs. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. t)49 A STATEMENT Of the Vessels of War of the United States, on Lake Ontario; February, 1815. VESSELS AND NAMES. Rate. CONDITION. Ships, Superior 44 in perfect order. Mo lawk 32 ditto. General Pike 24 ditto. Madison 20 ditto. Brigs, Jefferson Jones Sylph Oneida 18 18 16 14 ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. Schooners , Governor Tompkins Conquest . Lady of the Lake Ontario Fair American . Pert . Asp . Raven 2 2 1 ditto, ditto, ditto, no armament, ditto, ditto, ditto, ditto. Barges, Number 1 to 15 inclusive — 5 to mount each one long gun and I in complete order. one carronade A STATEMENT Of the Vessels of War of the United States, on Lake Erie; February, 1815. VESSELS' NAMES. Kate. CONDITION. Brigs, Niagara 18 in good serviceable order. Lawrence . 18 ditto. Detroit 18 ditto. Queen Charlotte 16 ditto. Caledonia . 2 ditto. Hunter — no armament. Schooners, Lady Prevost . 10 in good order. Porcupine . 3 ditto. Amelia 1 unfit for service. 7 G 650 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Vessels of War of the United States, on Lake Champlain; February, ISlS.f*') VESSELS' NAMES. Kate. CONDITION. Ship Saratoga Brig Eagle Schooner Ticonderoga Sloops, Preble Montgomery President 24 18 17 7 6 In complete order. do. do. Not in good order. do. No armament; not in good order. Galleys, Allen . Burrows 2 2 In complete order, do. Borer 2 do. Nettle . 2 do. Viper Centipede Ludlow 2 2 1 do. do. Hull defective. Wilmer 1 do. Alwyn . Ballard . 1 1 do. do. RECAPITULATION AND SUMMARY Of the JVaval Force of the United States, in February, 1815, exclusive of the vessek captured on Lake Champlain. NUMBER OF EACH CLASS OF VESSELS. Mounting Guns. REMAKKS. 24 Ships . 16 Brigs . 29 Schooners 6 Sloops . 3 Ketches 17 Gallies 51 Barges 124 Gun Boats 3 Lighters 2 Floating Bat teries 916 236 94 23 34 84 179 6 64 Armament for 7 schooners not included. ditto 2 sloops do. No armament. The greater part have been sold since Feb. • 276 Vessels 1,636 (57) The following vessels, captured by Commodore Macdonough, on the 11th of September, 1814, from the British, on Lake Champlain, are not included in the above list; their purchase having been authorised after the date thereof, viz: Ship Confiance, mounting 39 guns Brig Linnet, do. 15 do. Sloop Cherub, do. 11 do. Do. Finch, do. 11 do Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 651 A STATEMENT Of the JVaval Forces of the United States, on the 1st of January, 1816. NAMES OF THE VESSELS. Rate STATIONS. REMARKS. Ships, Independence Washington Franklin Guerriere Java United States Constitution Constellation Congress Macedonian John Adams Cyane Block ship Alert Louisiana Hornet Wasp Peacock Ontario Erie Brigs, Epervier Enterprise Etna Flambeau Spark Fire Fly Chippewa Saranac Boxer Prometheus Ketches, Spit Fire Vesuvius Vengeance Schooners, Nonsuch Spit Fire Torch Tom Bowline Fire Brand Surprise Roanoke Hornet . Lynx Despatch Asp Corporation Ranger Sloops, BuflFaloe Cam m el Tickler 74 74 74 44 44 44 44 36 36 36 24 24 24 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 12 12 12 At Boston do. Philadelphia New-York do. Mediterranean Boston Mediterranean Boston do. Mediterranean New-York Tchifuncta Lake Mediterranean New-Orleans New-York New-York Mediterranean do. New-York New-Orleans New-York do. do. do. At sea. New-York At sea Norfolk New-York do. Norfolk New-York do. New-Orleans do. Wilmington N. C. Mediterranean Boston Portsmouth N. H. Baltimore Philadelphia Baltimore Philadelphia do. New-Orleans ready for service. preparing for the Mediterranean. may be ready for service next spring. ready for service. under orders for the Mediterranean. recently returned from the Mediterranean. do. store ship, at sea. captured by the Constitution, 20th Feb. 1815. on the stocks, store ship, unfit lor service, to be sold. not heard of since October, 1814. not heard of since July, 1815. recently returned from the Mediterranean. Bomb vessel. recently returned from the Mediterranean. do. do. do. cruising. receiving vessel, a sheer hulk. recently returned from the Mediterranean. do. cruisinff. do." do. recently returned from the Mediterranean, emploj'ed in transportation, receivinar vessel. *do. retained for transportation. ditto, employed in conveying despatches. 652 Of the Kami Establishment of the United States. J^aval Force on Lake Ontario, 1st January, 1816. NAMKS OF VESSELS. Rate. STAllONS. REMARKS. Ships New-Orleans 74 Sacket's Harbour on the stocks. Chippewa . 74 do. do. Plattsburgh . , 44 do. frame and other timbers prepared. Superior Mohawk 44 ■ 32 do. do. laid up for preservation, do. General Pike 24 do. do. Madison 20 do. do. Bngs Jefferson 18 do. do. Jones 18 do. retained for service. Sylph Oneida 16 14 do. do. laid up for preservation, do. Schooner Lady of the Lake do. retained for occasional service. JVaval Force on Lake Erie, 1st January, 1816. NAMES OF VESSELS. Rate. STATIONS. REMARKS. Brigs Niagara 18 at Erie, Penn. completely equipped for service. Lawrence . 18 do. laid up for preservation. Detroit 18 do. do. Queen Charlotte . 18 do. do. Schooners Porcupine . do. completely equipped for service. Ghent do. do. JVaval t 'orce on Lake Champlain, 1st January, 1816. NAMES OF VESSELS. Rate. STATIONS. REMARKS. Ships Confiance . Saratoga Brigs Eagle Linnet Schooner Ticonderoga 36 24 18 14 14 atWhite Hall, N.Y. do. do. do. do. laid up for preservation, do. do. do. do. Steam frigate Fulton 1st Steam frigate at New-York, Baltimore, ready for service, not completed. GENERAL RECAPITULATION OJ the JVaval Force of the United States, on the 1st of January, 1816. Ships Brigs Ketches . Schooners Sloops Steam Frigates Total 29 20 3 17 3 2 74 Besides the vessels above mentioned fifteen barges remained at Sacket's Harbour; six gallies at White Hall, New-York, and fourteen barges at Baltimore; these vessels were intended to be sold, pursuant to the act of the 27th of February, 1815, but the sales could not be effected, "unless at a price far beneath their value;" they were retained. A few of the gun boats have been retained for occasional service, upon the several Atlantic stations. Of the JVaval Establishment of the United States. 653 A STATEMENT Of the JVaval Force of the United States, on the 1st of January, 1818. NAMES. Number ofGuns. Condition in 1816. Where and when built. Alert t In good order for transport In England 1804 Asp .... t do. receiving vessel United States Block ship t unfinished Louisiana Boxer 16 in good order Connecticut 1815 Constitution 44 repairing Boston 1797 Constellation 36 in good order Baltimore 1797 Congress . 36 equipping for sea Portsmouth (N. H.) 1799 Chippewa ■ 74 unfinished Sacket's Harbour Corporation t do. dismantled Philadelphia 1813 Confiance 32 do. Lower Canada Cyanc 18 requiring repairs England 1806 Detroit 18 do. Upper Canada Despatch 2 in good order United States Erie 18 do. Baltimore 1813 Enterprize bomb requiring repairs do. 1799 Etna do. in good order United States Eagle 12 do. Vergennes (Vermont) 1814 Franklin . 74 partly equipped Philadelphia 1815 Fulton first. Steam Frigate t in good order New-York 1814 Firebrand 6 do. United States Fox .... 4 requiring repairs do. Guerriere 44 in good order Philadelphia 1814 General Pike 24 dismantled Sacket's Harbour 1813 Ghent 1 in good order Erie (Pennsylvania) 1815 Hornet 18 requiring repairs Baltimore 1805 Hornet 5 in good order United States Independence 74 do. Charlestown (Mass.) 1814 Java 44 do. Baltimore 1814 John Adams t requiring repairs Charleston (S. C.) 1799 Jefierson 18 dismant ed Sacket's Harbour 1814 Jones . ; 18 in good order do. do. , Louisiana t much decayed New-York Lawrence 20 dismantled Erie (Pennsylvania) 1813 Linnet 16 in good order Lower Canada Lynx .... 5 do. Washington City 1814 Lady of the Lake 1 do. Sacket's Harbour 1813 Macedonian 36 requiring repairs dismantled England Sacket's Harbour 1810 Mohawk .... 32 1814 Madison .... 18 do. do. 1813 New-Orleans 74 unfinished do. Niagara .... 18 requiring repairs Erie (Pennsylvania) 1813 Nonsuch .... 6 in good order United States Ontario .... 18 do. Baltimore 1813 Oneida .... 14 much decayed Sacket's Harbour 1809 Peacock .... 18 in good order New-York 1813 Prometheus 12 do. United States Porcupine 1 do. Erie (Pennsylvania) 1813 Queen Charlotte 14 dismantled Upper Canada t No Armament. 7 H I Steam Battery. 654 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. Statement of the JVaval Force, Continued. NAMES OF THE VESSELS. Number of Guns. Condition in 1816. Where and when built. Ranger .... t much decayed Baltimore Raven t in tolerable order United States Superior 44 dismantled Sacket's Harbour 1814 Saratoga 22 in good order Vergennes (Vermont) 1814 Sylph 16 dismantled Sacket's Harbour 1813 Saranac 16 in good order Middletown (Conn.) 1815 Spark 12 do. United States Spitfire bomb unfit for service Connecticut Surprise 6 in good order United States Tom Bowline 12 do. do. Ticonderoga 14 do. Vergennes (Vermont) 1814 Tickler small arms do. United States Torpedo t do. New-York 1815 United States 44 do. Philadelphia 1797 Vesuvius . bomb condemned Newburyport (Mass.) Vengeance do. unfit for service Connecticut Washington 74 in good order Portsmouth (N. H.) 1814 Gun-boats, Barges, &c. viz: § at Sackett's-Harbour, 15 t p., White-hall, 6 gallies 2 each Boston, 1 anchor huj Gun boats 1] barges 16 Bulldog (felucca) 2 good order ] Ljaunc hes 2 t No Armament. § The Gun Boats, generally, were in good order ; some of them required repairs. SECTION II. OF THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. Our Naval force has been employed only to maintain the rights and indepen- dence of the nation, to secure the personal liberty of our citizens, and to protect the commerce of the United States. The military career of our navy has been marked with great skill, valour, humanity, and brilliant success. On four occasions Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 655 it has been engaged in contests with foreign powers ;(i) in every instance our differ- ences were terminated on terms highly honourable to the United States. So long as our navy shall be exclusively employed for no other than the purposes we have mentioned, we cannot doubt of its success. We should, however, constant- ly keep in view, the fate of all the nations who became formidable as naval powers, and made their establishments the instruments of domination and con- quest ; the decline of these powers invariably followed their mistaken ambition. In the fourteenth century the most formidable navies were those of Venice, Genoa and the Hanse Towns. In the reign of Henry VIII. the EngUsh hired vessels of war from those powers.(^) On the authority of Wheeler, OddyC^) said, that in 1601 the power of the Hanse Towns had decayed so much that they were no longer dreaded by England. Denmark once controlled the ocean ; the Danes often invaded Great Britain and France ; and they repeatedly burned Lon- don, Paris and other great cities in Europe.^*) At one period the navy of Spain was considered to be invincible ; that of France has been superior to the esta- blishment of every other power ; and the navy of Holland stnick teiTor into its enemies. In vain we now ask for the navies of which these nations once boast- ed ; they have been swept from existence by a rival power. The British navy has floated triumphant in every quarter of the globe. Its repeated successes have contributed to mislead the government and the people of Great Britain ; that nation, infatuated with its naval victories, assumed the vain title of " mistress of the sea."^') In consequence of the almost uniform suc- cess of the British navy their tars were supposed to be invincible ;(^^ this idea however, has been proved to be extremely visionary, and the naval glory of Great Britain has been very much tarnished in their late contest with the United States ; their ships and squadrons have often struck their colours to our inferior forces. The British nation may furnish another proof that inordinate ambition, founded upon vain establishments, is followed by self-destruction. In 1799, on the 9th of February, one of our national ships engaged in the first (1) With France, Tripoli, Great Britain, and Algiers. (2) Charnock's History of Marine Architecture, vol. ii. p. 26. (3) Oddy on European Commerce, vol. i. p. 30. 41. (4) Oddy; loc. citat. vol. ii. p. 45. (5) The British navy has been termed " the great pillar of the state." A writer of " Remarks on the pro- bable conduct of Russia and France," published in London, in 1805, considered it " the fundamental prin- ciple of all their greatness." Doctor Hunter said, " the ships w^hich gave laws to the whole world, were built of English oak." Evelyn's Sylva, note, p. 101. (6) In the first rencontre, during the late war, we had an instance of the extravagant confidence of the British commanders ; the sloop of war Alert, with 20 guns mounted, bore down upon our frigate Essex and fired a broadside. 656 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. action since we adopted the new form of government. The Constellation frigate, rated a thirty-six gun ship, commanded by Captain Tmxtun, encountered the French frigate « I'lnsurgente," mounting forty guns. An action commenced, and continued one hour and a quarter, when the French flag was struck. The enemy had twenty-nine killed and forty-four wounded; the Constellation had only one killed and two wounded. ('"> On the 1st of February, 1800, the Constellation fell in with "la Vengeance" mounting fifty-four guns; after a long running fight, and a very brisk close action, the French vessel hauled down her colours, and then made off; but the injury done to the masts and rigging of our ship disabled her so that she could not pursue her prize. It was subsequently ascertained that one hundred and sixty men had been killed and wounded on board la Ven- geance; the Constellation had thirty-nine killed and wounded.(') Such were the results of two actions, fought by American and French frigates, prior to the set- tlement of our differences with the French republic, in 1800. In 1800, a convention was concluded at Paris, between the United States and the government of France; and was ratified at Washington, on the I8th of February, 1801. We were then at peace with all nations; our efforts to preserve its blessings and advantages, were again blasted by the conduct of the Barbary powers. The hostile disposition of Tripoli had manifested itself, before we had made peace with France. In April, 1799, the bashaw ordered the American consul to depart from his dominions ; at the same time, he made new demands on our government, and threatened us with war, should his terms be refused. In 1801, every hope of an amicable arrangement with Tripoli, had vanished. On the 10th of June, the bashaw declared war against the United States; and during that month, his cruisers captured five American merchant vessels. (»> Our government directed the. commanders of our armed vessels, to protect the citizens and trade of the United States, against the Barbary powers ; but the instructions did not authorise the capture of the enemy's vessels. In August, 1801, the schooner Enterprise, of twelve guns, with ninety men, engaged a Tripolitan cruiser, off Malta ; the enemy had fourteen guns and eighty- five men. After the fight had lasted two hours, the Tripolitan struck his colours, but he soon thereafter, recommenced the action ; he three times repeated the same conduct ; at length he cast his colours into the sea, as a proof that he would not again act treacherously; the cruiser had fifty killed and wounded; the Enterprise did not lose a single man. The gallant Sterret ordered the barbarian to be deprived of his armament, and then directed him to proceed to Tripoli-^'"' (7) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 141, 142. (8) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 142. (9) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 146. (10) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 146. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 657 In 1802,(") the commanders of our armed vessels were authorised to capture all vessels and effects belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to do all such acts of hostility, as the state of war would justify. The squadrons, cruising in the Mediterranean, were continued on those stations, during 1802, 1803, 1804 and a part of 1805. Our vessels repeatedly engaged the gun-boats, attacked the forts and blockaded the ports of the Barbary powers. No further actions took place between single vessels or squadrons ; nevertheless, the operations of the navy forced the enemy to make a peace in June, 1805. In the transactions on the Mediterranean sea, the name of Preble became famous ; his skill and courage, laid the foundation for our future naval success. Under his command, many of the present naval heroes, first imbibed the principles, and were taught the lessons, which they subsequently put into practice, in vindication of the honour and independence of our country. We have arrived at the most interesting part of the military history of our navy. On the 18th of June, 1812, we declared war against Great Britain and her dependencies. Our infant establishment was about to contend against the most formidable navy, of which we have any records in history. We had but seven frigates fit for service ; two that were not worthy to be repaired, and one that was undergoing repairs ; one corvette, two sloops of war, three war brigs, four schooners, four ketches and one hundred and seventy gun-boats. According to Steel's List in 1811, the British Navy consisted of the following vessels, viz: Ships of the line 254 Fifties and forty-fours 35 Frigates 247 Sloops and yachts 196 Bombs and fire-ships . . . • 12 Brigs 183 Cutters 32 Schooners, gun-vessels, luggers, ^c 83 Total, 1,042 Of the above, there were at sea, ninety-six ships of the line, eight fifties and forty-fours, one hundred and forty-three frigates, one hundred and three sloops and yachts, three bombs and fire-ships, eighteen brigs, twenty-nine cutters, and forty-eight gun-vessels. In the American seas there were, viz : at Halifax, New- (11) Act 6th February, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 264. 7 I 6,58 Of the ^aval Establishment of the United States, foundland, in the West Indies, and in South America, seven ships of the line, two fifties and forty-fours, twenty-one frigates, twenty-nine sloops and yachts, twen- ty-five brigs, one cutter, and sixteen gun-vessels ; or a total, amounting to one hundred and one vessels of war in the American seas. When the relative strength and condition of the contending powers was ex- amined, what but defeat and annihilation of their navy could be anticipated on the side of the United States ; the people and government of England were sa- tisfied of our incapacity and feebleness ; it was asserted by a leading member, Mr. Brougham, on the floor of the House of Commons of Great Britain, that " the assembled navies of America could not lay siege to an English sloop of war ;"^^^) but the short period of two months and three days had scarcely elaps- ed, when the assertions of this gentleman were demonstrated to be erroneous and baseless. On the 19th of August, 1812, an action took place between an American and a British frigate. On that memorable day it feU to the lot of the modest Captain Isaac Hull, to be the first to put to the test, American skill and valour. What must have been his anxiety and doubts when he perceived his enemy to be a British frigate of the first class. He had the honour of the nation, and the cha- racter of its defenders, confided to his charge ; supported by skill, valour and the love of country, the result of the contest, in which that hero and his crew had the honour to engage, proved, that the trust of his government had not been misplaced. After a close action, of forty-five minutes. Captain Hull, of the Constitution, a frigate of the United States, forced Captain Dacres, of the Guer- iiere, British frigate, to strike his colours. The success of our defenders was as brilhant, as before it may have been doubtful ; such was the shattered condition of the enemy's vessel that it became necessary to sink her; she could not be carried into port: whereas, the Constitution had suffered very Mttle, during the engagement. On the cry of a sail being in sight, immediately after the victors had taken possession of their prize, the American ship was instantly cleared and ready for another action. To this action we are not only indebted for the glory which we acquired on the occasion ; it is probable that it contributed to the suc- cess of the subsequent engagements. With the progress of the war, the enemy augmented his forces on the Ame- rican stations; from various causes, we could not add to our navy. In 1813,^'^) the British had on the Halifax, Newfoundland, and other American stations, (12) Brougham's Speech in favour of the repeal of the Orders in Council, 16th of June, 1812. (13) Steel's list. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United states. • 659 eighty vessels ; in the West Indies sixty-two, and in South America twenty-two, making an aggregate of one hundred and sixty-four vessels, of which twenty-one were line of battle ships. In 1814, the American naval force on the Atlantic stations, consisted of only thirty-three vessels, independent of the gun-boats ;(**) they were as foUows, viz : 3 Seventy-four gun ships, building. 3 Forty-fours, distributed on different stations. 3 Do. do. building. 3 Thirty-six gun ships, on different stations. 1 Thirty-two do. cruising. 2 Twenty-four do. corvettes. 8 Sloops of 18 guns each 5 Do. 16 do. 2 Brigs 14 do. 2 Schooners 14 do. 1 Bomb brig > On different stations. Total 33, only 27 of which were in actual service. We cannot enter into a circumstantial detail of all the actions, which took place during the war; it would require a volume to record the acts of individual skUl and valour displayed on these occasions ; such views are not within the limits we have assigned to this work. We will, however, notice the most impor- tant features of the actions, fought by the public ships of the two nations. (14) Letter of the Secretary of the Navy, to a committee of the Senate, 4th March, 1814, 660 Of the JsTa-oal Establishment of the United States. a 1 1*^ .goo>o«0>o>oio o i 1 1 1^" 1 1 '^ « O o ^ CO HH- CO 1 r - 1 •" f ■ 1 1 ■papunoA puB o' ¥* ST' 21 ."S o K t^ O (S ■<1' rH ir CO H«- O 00 00 0? JO aaquin^ 15 30 36 60 20 to 35 0O«O. O Ttl -pa)unom snno OOie?OS04WOOOK050CTi-l QOCiOlOtOrHrHOOOq^O T-lrHrHCOrHrHrHrHGiCOO? •siassaA. am JO a^BH «o 00 00 00 00 Tf tH CT r-l CT CT >H 00 X 00 y..* T-* T-i 00 1 1 1 T. L. Langhome J. R. Dacres Thomas Winyates John Garden H. Lambert Wm. Peake Samuel Blythe Commodore Barclay Wales Wm. Manners Arbuthnot Commodore Downie Douglass G. Falcon Dickinson 1 "Sg" c» O s A A 5 Levant \ Cyane Penguin Alert Guerriere Frolic Macedonian Java Peacock Boxer " Detroit Queen Charlotte Lady Prevost Hunter Little Belt Chippewa Epervier Reindeer Avon ^ Confiance Linnet Chub Finch ^ 13 Galleys V V 1 -papuncu poB painn leWJ, 1 ,W rt rH CO rH 00 « I |G5tDcOt^coe»OltD 1^ rH 'papnnOA aqi JO jaqrau^ I CS rH W (N 1 1 I'^^^^U'^ i« •paiipi aqj JO aaqninx IK>0>OairHrH«(f) IrHOq 1 I 1 1 1 irj G^ 00 CO CO 0? CO ^ rH •p3)anoiu sung «0-*C0T(>itO lOOWTfWWrH Tf«OrHlO>OIN lOlW -^-"ssssit^^s »o « •siassaA am JO ajEg ©J'^US'TjI'^OO'^OqcOTfieiWrHrHrHOOOOOOrfOOt^^K 1 OT-^rHTll'*rHrHO(« rHrHrHOtrHrll ■* CO ■* rH (5 CO 1 g s o O David Porter Isaac Hull Jacob Jones Stephen Decatur Wm. Bainbridge James Lawrence Wm. Burrows Commodore 0. H. Perry L. Warrington J. Blakely J. Blakely Commodore Macdonough James Stewart James Biddle Names of the Vessels by which the captures ■were made. A A Constitution Hornet Essex Constitution Wasp United States Constitution Hornet Enterprise Lawrence Niagara Caledonia Ariel Scorpion Somers Trippe Tygress Porcupine Peacock Wasp Wasp Saratoga Eagle Ticonderoga Preble 10 Galleys Date of the Action. V 1 I 20th Feb. 1815 25 th March, 1815 13th Aug. 1812 19th Aug. 1812 18th Oct. 1812 25th Oct. 1812 29th Dec. 1812 24th Feb. 1813 5th Sept. 1813 10th Sept. 1813< 29th April, 1814 8th July, 1814 1st Sept. 1814 11th Sept. 1814< § a & . . . Id » oat. tn P «7 o .§ »'? •—-..2 « S a •a .-H -*.> "S"S S o OO 00 to CS (N lU .2 o 9 2 _. C ^ o o2 B-rt <*" o!i 2 """^ I, h-S.2 « ^ <* J3 - I 1 -g (H 'J « 2 » S o « td 2 ^ .1^ £> O o §H 0) a> 01 H ^;z; Of the Ka-cal Establishment of the United States. 661 The following public armed vessels, of the United States, were captured dur- ing the late war, by the British forces, viz : 1. The American schooner Nautilus, with 16 guns mounted, was taken on the 20th of July, 1812, by the Shannon frigate. 2. On the 18th of October, 1812, the American ship Wasp, was captured by the line of battle ship Poictiers of 74 guns, immediately after the Wasp had cap- tured the British vessel Frolic. 3. The American schooner Vixen, with 16 guns mounted, was captured on the 22d of November, 1812, after a chase of nine hours, by the Southampton frigate, rated a 38 gun ship in the British navy. 4. On the 1st of June, 1813, the American frigate Chesapeak, vdth 49 guns mounted, sailed from Boston harbour to meet the British frigate Shannon, with 53 guns mounted. The Chesapeak was captured, after having sustained a loss of seventy killed, and one hundred wounded 5;'''^ from the best account we have, the Shannon had twenty-four killed and fifty-3i5^ Tvounded. 5. On the 14th of August, 1813, the United States gun brig Argus, with 20 guns mounted, was captured by the British sloop of war Pelican, with 22 guns mounted; the action lasted forty-seven minutes. The Argus had six kUled and seventeen wounded ;^'^) the Pelican had two killed and five wounded. 6. On the 28th of October, 1814, the American frigate Essex, with 46 guns mounted, was captured by the British frigate Phoebe, with 53 guns mounted, and the sloop of war Cherub, with 28 guns mounted, after an action of two hours and twenty-six minutes. The American loss was fifty-eight kiUed and sixty-six wounded ; that of the British five killed and seven wounded. 7. On the 15th of Januaiy, 1815, the American frigate President, with 53 guns mounted, was captured by a " detachment" of British ships of war, viz : the Ma- jestic razee, the Endymion, Pomone and Tenedos frigates. The President had twenty-five killed and sixty wounded. 8. The American brig Rattlesnake, of fourteen guns, was captm^ed by the Leander fifty gun ship. 9. The American sloop of war Frolic, of eighteen guns, was captured by the Orpheus frigate. 10. The American schooner Viper, was captured by the Narcissus frigate. 11. The brig Siren was captured by the Plantagenet seventy -four gun ship, on the coast of Africa. (15) Steel's List. (16) In Steel's list the American loss is stated at forty killed, and none wounded, 7 K 662 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. Besides the American vessels captured by the British, the United States sus- tained the following losses, viz : 1. The ship Adams, of thirty-two guns. This vessel was destroyed at Hamden, to prevent her capture by a detachment of the enemy. 2. The Boston, of thirty-two guns. 3. The New- York, of thirty-six guns. 4. The Argus, of eighteen guns. 5. The Columbia, of forty-four guns. The four last named were destroyed, pursuant to an order from the Secretary of the Navy, when the British were about to enter the city of Washington, in August, 1814. The Boston and New- York, were reported unworthy of being repaired ; the Argus was a new vessel, and completely equipped for service • the Columbia was not quite finished on the stocks. Such have been the results of our naval conflicts with Great Britain, during a war of two years and eight months. The American forces triumphed in fourteen engagements, in some of which, the contending forces were nearly equal, and in many of them, that of the enemy was decidedly superior. The cases of the Chesapeak and the Argus, are the only instances, in which it can be pretended, that the enemy had any fair claims to success, upon the ground of the equality of the respective forces. All our small vesselsj^""^ viz : sloops, brigs and schooners, yielded to the line of battle ships, or the frigates of the enemy. That the American n^val character was not dishonoured by the loss of the frigate Essex, we have the proof in Captain J. Hillyar's official letter to the Admiralty of Great Britain.^**) That the valour of our tars was not tarnished by the loss of the frigate President, is confirmed by the letter of Admiral Hotham.^*®) After our superior skill had been demonstrated in the fights which took place between single ships, until the glorious 10th of September, 1813; the national anxiety and doubt still continued, in relation to contests in which squadrons might be engaged. However sanguine might have been the expectations of some persons, no one can pretend, that he had anticipated the brilliant demonstrations of Perry on lake Erie, and of Macdonough on lake Champlain. Their success, (17) The Argus excepted. (18) Letter, dated Valparaiso bay, March SOth, 1814, in which Captain Hillyar said, "the defence of the Essex, taking into consideration our superiority of force, the very discouraging circumstance of her having lost her main topmast, and being twice on fire, did honour to her brave defenders, and most fully evinced the courage of Captain Porter and those under his command." (19) Admiral Hotham, on the 23d^of January, 1815, in his letter to General Cushing, said, that Com- modore Decatur, " is gone to the Bermudas, in good health, on board the Endymion, having been captured in the United States frigate President, on the 15th instant, by a detachment of his majesty's ships." Of the Kaval Establishmefit of the United States. 663 as far as our knowledge extends, has never been equalled by that of the com- manders of any other nation; in both instances, though our forces were very inferior to those of the enemy, we captured every one of his vessels, that had been actually engaged. The late war has put the extravagant pretensions of Mr. Brougham at rest for ever, and we have given him the proof, that an American frigate with fifty-four gims mounted, has at the same time engaged two British national shipSj^^") whose aggregate force was fifty-six guns, and that she captured both of them; the American sustained a loss of only fifteen killed and wounded, whereas that of the enemy, upon the best authority, was said to have amounted to one hundred and twenty. The naval annals of Europe do not inform us of so much having been done to check British power on the ocean, even when the efforts of France, Spain, and Holland were united and co-operated to the utmost of their power, as has been effected by the little navy of the United States. Before our late war the captm-e of a British national ship was a very rare occurrence ; the chief object of the enemy was secured, when, by flight, he avoided a contest with an equal force ; such was the renown which the British tars had acquked. Our naval triumphs have healed the wounds inflicted by foreign arrogance on our character ; civilized Europe has been astonished by the brilliancy of our naval combats ; our victories confounded our enemy, and occupied the serious attention of the Admiralty and Parliament of Great Britain, and induced them to establish a new class of vessels for their navy. The naval actions, during the late war, were marked with many peculiarities in relation to skill, celerity, effect, and almost certain success. Our seamen have long been celebrated for their skiU as navigators ; their excellence, as marine artillerists, is now established. In the engagement, on lake Champlain, the Ame- rican vessel Saratoga, had fifty-five round shot in her hull, whereas the British ship Confiance, had one hundred and five^^^^ The superiority of our gunnery is confirmed by the number of the killed and wounded on board the enemy's ves- sels, and the condition of their ships after the actions ; in several instances the British vessels were sunk whilst the fight lasted: in most cases they were so materially injured as to make their destruction absolutely necessary ; whereas our vessels were commonly, with scarcely any loss of time, ready to commence another combat. We have traced the most sanguinary conflicts of the British I (20) The Levant and Cyane. (21) Commodore Macdonough's Letter, dated 11th September, 1814. Captain J. Biddle, in his official letter to Commodore Decatur, concerning the capture of the Penguin, said, the enemy's vessel " was com- pletely riddled by our shot," and that the Hornet " did not receive a single round shot in her hull." 664 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. naval forces, with those of France, Spain and Holland, but we have searched in vain for instances that equal our execution. The statements in detail of our late fights on the ocean, challenge all former instances to equal them in the scenes of blood and destruction. In the action between admiral Rodney and the count de Guichen, in April, 1780, the British had twenty ships of the line and one of fifty guns; the force of the French amounted to twenty-three sail of the line and one fifty gun ship. That battle was said to have been a very bloody one ; in it, the British lost in killed and wounded four hundred and seventy-three,^®^^ or about 3.15 per cent, of the aggregate number of the British seamen. On the 5th of August, 1781, a most desperate engagement took place between admirals Parker and Zootman ; the fight continued three hours and forty minutes; each of the British ships, it was said, had fired twenty -five hundred shot. The Dutch force consisted of eight ships of the line, rating from fifty-four to seventy -four guns each, ten frigates and five sloops; the British had one ship of eighty guns, two of seventy-four guns, one of sixty-four, one of sixty, one of fifty, one of forty-four, one of forty, one of thirty- eight, one of thirty-six, one of thirty-two, and one cutter of ten guns ; of these the seven first enumerated, were said only to have been engaged. The loss of the British amounted to four hundred and forty-three^^^) in killed and wounded, or about 11.07 per centum of the total number of the crews actually engaged. The action between admirals Rodney and de Grasse, " lasted with unremitting fury from seven in the morning tiU half past six in the evening." The British force consisted of thirty-six line of battle ships and ten frigates, the number of the men was about 24,376. The admiral's ship fired eighty broadsides during the action; the killed and wounded amounted to 1,029,(^) or 4.22 per centum of the num- ber engaged. The battle fought by admirals Hughes and Suffrein in the East Indies, on the 12th of April, 1782, was considered the most bloody of all the fights during our revolutionary war. The British force consisted of eleven sail of the line, that of the French amounted to twelve sail of the line. The British' seamen were about 6,523 ; they lost in kiQed and wounded 574,^^') or about 8.64 per centum of their total number. A writer in the " Boston Daily Adverti- ggj. "(26) g^f^gj. great attention paid to the subject, stated the following results of the battles enumerated, viz: 1st. In the fight on the 1st of June, 1794, the loss of the British was less than 2 per centum. 2d. In that of Sir James Jarvis, off (22) History of England, continued by a Society of Gentlemen, vol. vi. p. 29. (23) Ibid. vol. vi. p. 201. (24) History of England, vol. vi. p. 187. (25) Gordon's History of the American "War, vol. iv. p. 344. (26) Advertiser of the 12th of March, 1813. OfthJe Naval Establishment of the United States. 665 Cape St. Vincent, it was less than l per centum. 3d. In that of admiral Duncan, off Camperdown, less than 3 per centum. 4th. In the battle of the Nile, less than 3 per centum ; and 5th. In the attack on Copenhagen, it was less than 4 per centum. During our revolutionary war, Great Britain lost in vessels captured, destroyed or lost by accident, about one hundred and eighty sail; amongst which there were thirteen ships of the line, three of fifty guns, four of forty-four guns, thirty- two frigates, twenty-seven post ships of inferior rate, and one hundred sloops of war and smaller vessels. Only one of the ships of the line aforesaid, viz : the Afdent, was captured, and she was very soon retaken. During the same war, Great Britain captured, from her enemies, nearly one hundred and fifty vessels, ofVhich nineteen were ships of the line and about fifty frigates. (^'^^ During the war, in which Great Britain at different times opposed France, Spain and Holland, from 1792 to I80l,they captured or destroyed sixty-one sail of the line, of 'which thirty-five belonged to France, eight to Spain and eighteen to Holland; al^o eight fifty gun ships, and one hundi'ed and eighty-one frigates; one hundred and thirty-five of which were French, fourteen Spanish and thirty- two Dutch; and one hundred and ninety-four sloops of war, one hundred and fiAty of tti'em Fi*ench, twenty-two Spanish and thirty-two Dutch ; together with an immense number of smaller public and private armed vessels. (Z7) Charnock's History of Marine Architecture, vol. iii. p. 930. 7 L 666 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. SECTION III. OP THE COMMAND, MANNING, PAY AND SUBSISTENCE OF THE OFFICERS AND MEN IN THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. AiiL the vessels, in the service of the United States, on which twenty guns and upwards are mounted, are commanded by captains ; such as do not mount more than eighteen gims, are commanded by masters or lieutenants, according to the size of the vessel, to be regulated by the President of the United States/!) In 1794, 1797 and 1813,^^) acts were passed, to regulate the manning of the public vessels of the United States. In 1813,^^) the President was authorised to appoint the officers, and to employ the number of seamen required for six sloops of war. In 1816,^*) the Secretary of the Navy returned the following list of the officers and men employed on board the several classes of the armed vessels of the United States. (1) Act 25th February, 1799 ; vol. iii. ch. 116. (2) Act 27th March, 1794, vol. ii. ch. 188 ; 1st July, 1797, vol. iii. ch.7; 2d January, 1813, vol.iv. ch. 471. (3) Act 3d March, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 519. (4) Letter to the Naval Committee of the Senate, dated 27th January, 1816. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 667 LIST Of the Officers and Men employed, ^c. BANK. Captain Lieutenants Surgeon Chaplain Purser Surgeon's Mates Masters Boatswains Sailing Master Gunner Carpenter Sail -maker Master's Mates Midshipmen Schoolmaster Captain's Clerk Boatswain's Mates Gunner's Mates Carpenter's Mates Sail-maker's Mates Armourer Cooper ........ Steward Master at Arms Cockswain Yeomen Boatswain's Yeoman Gunner's Yeoman Carpenter's Yeoman Quarter-gunners Quarter-masters Ship's Corporals Cook Able Seamen . Ordinary Seamen and Boys .... Of the Marine Corps. Captain 1st Lieutenant 2d Lieutenant Serjeants Corporals Musicians ,....-. Privates Number employed on board a Seven- ty-four Gun Ship. 1 6 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 3 20 1 1 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 8 2 1 200 300 1 1 1 3 3 2 60 656 Number employed on board a Forty- four Gun Ship. 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 20 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 8 1 1 150 170 1 1 3 2 2 48 450 Number employed on board a Sloop of War of the first class. 1 1 1 1 1 3 10 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 X 2 6 4 1 60 48 1 1 2 2 21 184 668 Of the Kaval Estublishment of the United States. A TABLE Of the Pay and Subsistence allowed to the Officers and Petty Officers in the Navy, and to the Officers of the Marine Corps, of the United States. 1&17. BANK OR STATION. In the JVavy; Captain of a vessel of 32 guns and upwards Do. do. of 20 and under 32 guns Master Commandant Lieutenant Lieutenant commanding . . . . Surgeon Surgeon's Mate Chaplain, Master, Purser Boatswain, Gunner, Sail-maker, Carpenter . Midshipman Master's Mate Captain's Clerk Boatswain's Mate, Carpenter's Mate . Cockswain, Yeoman of the gun room. Quarter-gun ner, Quarter-Master, Armourer, Steward, Cooper, Master at arms. Cook In the Marine Corps; Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Major Captain ] st Lieutenant 2d Lieutenant Pay per Month. Dollars. 100 75 60 40 50 50 SO 40 20 19 20 25 19 18 60 50 40 30 25 Number of Rations per Day. 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 dolls, per month forfbt^e. Note. See Acts 11th July, ir98, vol. iii. ch. 89; 25th February, 1799, vol. iii. ch. 116-;, 22d A-pril,.1800, vol. iii. ch. 183; and 18th A'pril, 1814, vol. iv. ch. 672. By virtue of the Act last referred tSt-thePresidfent was authorised to add 20 per cent, to the pay of the officers, petty officers, midshipmen, seamen, and marines engaged in any service which in his judgement rendered such addition necessary; this provi»,on was repealed by Act of 27th February, 1817. Of the JsTaval Establishment of the United States. 669 The commanding officer of the navy, is always allowed sixteen rations per day. The rations of an officer who commands a squadron, or of one who may be employed on separate service, are doubled during the continuance of such command/') The President was authorised to fix the pay allowed to the petty officers and midshipmen, and the pay and bounty upon enlistment of the seamen, ordinary seamen, the musicians and privates of the marine corps/') The pay allowed to the seamen in the navy of the United States, is regulated by the wages paid for the merchant service. In 1798, 1799, 1800, and 1801, the pay of the seamen was at the rate of seventeen dollars per month; in 1802, fourteen dollars, after that period it was reduced to ten dollars; in 1810, it was twelve dollars, and in 1815, the able seamen were allowed sixteen dollars, the ordinary seamen and boys fourteen dollars, per month. The pay of the privates in the marine corps is fixed at six doUars per month. The following is the pay allowed per day to the officers of the British navy, viz: Sterling. To the admiral and commander in chief of the fleet, ....^500 an admiral 3100 a vice admiral 2 10 a rear admiral 1150 the first captain to the commander in chief 1 15 o the second captain, and captain to other admirals i captains to vice admirals,"! if of first or second rate to have~l 16 do. to rear admirals, J the pay of such rates, J 13 superannuated admirals l 20 (5) Act 25th February, 1799; vol. iii. ch. 116. 7 M 670 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the clear Annual Pay of the Captains and Subordinate Officers in the British Navy, after the deductions of three pence per pound for the Widows' Fund, the shilling per month to the Chest, and six pence per month to the Royal Hospital at Greenwich, and the income tax of ten per centum, are abated. Steel's List, JVovember, 1814, ^J- 72. RANK. Clear annual pay in sterling mone3' Clear annual pay in Captains of 1st rates, having Do. 2d do. Do. 3d do. Do. 3d do. Do. 3d do. Do. 3d do. Do. 3d do. Do. 4th do. Do. 4th do. Do. 5th do. Do. 5th do. Do. 5th do. Do. 5th do. Do. 6th do. Do. 6th do. Do. 6th do. 837 of complement 738 . 689 . 640 . 590 . 540 . 491 . 343 . 270 to 300 314 . 284 to 294 254 to 274 215 . 195 . 155 to 175 135 . Commanders of sloops, bombs, &c. 124 . Do. 76 to 90 Do. 75 and under Lieutenants commanding prison ships . Do. Gun Brigs having 50 complement Do. serving in ships bearing a flag Do. in other ships .... Do. in Sea Fencible and Impress service Masters of 1st rates Do. 2d do. do. do. do. do. 3d 4th 5th 6th Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. sloops Second Masters of Gun Brigs, Cutters, &c. Do. of line of battle ships Surgeons serving in hospital ships Do. who have served 20 years and upwards Do. 10 do. . Do. 6 do. . Do. under 6 in prison ships Assistant Surgeons Acting do. who have not passed Carpenter of a 1st rate .... Do. 2d do Do. 3d do Gunner, Boatswain, and Purser of a 1st rate Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 2d do. 3d do. 4th do. 5th do. 6th £ s. 721 16 616 18 554 16 534 5 513 15 493 4 473 13 354 10 S3 19 12 6 1 d. 2 1 6 10 1 5 9 6 9 8 4 7 9 4 8 2 8 6 6 5 5 6 11 85 5 6 74 10 10 64 17 241 19 3 6 311 301 291 270 10 270 9 266 4 255 19 245 13 235 8 228 2 124 3 118 10 116 9 110 15 137 16 155 143 131 119 15 108 6 96 15 7 4 5 do. of sloops with complement of 100 men & upwards do. under 100 men 290 225 176 13 160 8 107 10 84 4 89 10 84 77 U 77 11 2 13 73 67 64 18 62 3 59 59 43 13 Dolls. 3,208 2,741 2,465 2,374 2,283 2,192 2,105 1,710 1,484 1,384 1,339 1,293 1,202 1,202 1,183 1,137 1,091 1,046 1,013 540 526 517 492 613 690 636 583 532 481 430 378 331 288 1,075 1,289 1,001 785 713 477 374 397 o/ o 344 344 324 300 288 276 964 264 194 Cu. 19 79 88 62 35 081 26 10 38 86 25 63 34 16 18 55 91 13 92 67 77 t i 21 53 52i 43 32 32 10 20 98 29 21 49 75 40 15 OS 77 37 77 44 99 65 43 22 21 21 10 Of the JVaval Establishment of the United States. 671 A Statement of the clear Annual Half Pay allowed to the Oificers of the British I^avy. Steel's List, loc. citat. p. 73. RANK. Clear annual half Clear annual half pay in sterling pay in money. # s. d. Dolls. Cts. 1,021 16 9 4,541 48 681 3 6 3,027 44 527" 2 10 2,342 83 405 5 6 2,245 65 235 3 8 1,045 26 202 15 834 44 170 6 756 88 162 3 10 720 84 129 1 573 55 113 4 6 503 21 99 8 6 441 87 84 2 373 77 68 15 9 305 71 53 9 3 237 60 54 1 240 22 36 10 162 22 Admiral of the fleet Admirals Vice Admirals Rear and superannuated Admirals Superannuated Captains and 100 of the senior post Captains Two hundred of the next senior post Captains All the remainder One hundred and fifty of the senior Commanders All the remainder and superannuated ditto Three hundred of the senior Lieutenants and 100 senior Masters qualified, &c. Seven hundred next senior Lieutenants, 200 next senior Masters qualified, Sec; > and all Surgeons who have served six years 5 Ail the other Lieutenants, Masters, Surgeons and 100 senior Pursers Two hundred of the next senior Pursers ....... Remainder of Pursers after five years service ...... Assistant Surgeons after three years service Ditto. after two years service ....... The following are the Established Rates and Manning of the Vessels of War in the British service ; viz.^*^^ RATE. Number of Guns. Number of the Men. 1st 100 875 to- 850 2d 98 to 90 750 to 700 3d 80 to 64 650 to 500 4th 60 to 50 420 to 320 5th 40 to 32 300 to 220 6th 28 to 20 200 to 140 Sloops . 18 to 15 120 to 190 Gun Brigs, Cutters, &c. ........ 14 to 6 50 to 25 The Pay of the Officers and Men in the Russian Navy, was as follows, viz.^'') An Admiral 3,600 Rubles per annum. A Vice Admiral 2,160 do. A Contre Admiral 1,800 do. A Captain Commander 1,800 do. A Captain of the first grade 820 do. Do. 2d do 600 do. A Captain Lieutenant 420 do. A Lieutenant . 300 do. A Midshipman . 200 do. A seamen of the 1st class 12 do. Ditto of the 2d do 7 do. and 50 copecks W do. Each seaman is allowed the following articles of clothing, viz: a parade uniform, every three years; a " capot," made of coarse linen and lined with coarse cloth, every two years; a coarse linen working dress, every two years; linen for 3 shirts, every year; a hat; a pair of boots and a pair of shoes. ' (6) Steel's List. (7) Storck's Statistische beschreibung der Russischen Seemacht, fur Julii, 1805, p. 45. (8) A ruble, at par, is J-^ of a dollar ; 100 copecks make a ruble. 672 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. The Navy Ration of the United States is valued at twenty-five cents, and is fixed as follows, viz:C9) Days of the Week. POUNDS. OUNCES. HALF PINTS. Beef. Pork. Flour. Suet. Bread. Cheese. Butter. Pease. Rice. Molasses Vinegar. Spirits. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 n 1 1 1 i 1 1 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 The following is the Daily Allowance for each man in the British Navy/^°^ Days. Biscuit. Beer. Beef. Pork. Pease. Oatmeal. Butter. Cheese. Pounds. Gallons. Pounds. Pounds. Pint. Pint. Ounces. Ounces. Sunday — 1 i — — — Monday — — — 1 2 4 Tuesday 2 — — — — Wednesday — — i 1 2 4 Thursday X — 1 i — — — Friday — — i 1 2 4 Saturday 2 — — — — — One half pint of spirits diluted with five times as much water, or one pint of wine, are considered equal to one gallon of beer ; one half pint of rice for one pint of oatmeal ; three pounds of flour, and one half pound of raisins, instead of four pounds of beef. (9) Act 3d March, 1801 ; vol. iii. ch. 245. (10) Blane on Seamen's Diseases, p. 287'. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 673 In 18 15^") the following officers were in the service of the United States, viz : of the navy, thirty captains, seventeen masters commandant, one hundred and forty-six lieutenants, forty-seven surgeons, sixty-six surgeons' mates, fifty- two pursers, six chaplains, four hundred and thirty-six midshipmen, one hundred and eleven sailing-masters, nineteen boatswains, nineteen gunners, sixteen car- penters and nine sail-makers. Of the marine corps, one lieutenant colonel commandant, two majors, nineteen captains, nineteen first and eighteen second lieutenants. A STATEMENT Of the Persons employed in the Navy Department of the United States. RANK. Employed on the 30th of Septem- ber, 1816. Employed on the 1st of January, 1818. Captains ....... Masters Commandant .... Lieutenants Surgeons do. mates Pursers Chaplains Midshipmen Sailing-masters Boatswains Gunners Carpenters Sail-makers Master's mates Marine Corps, viz: Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Majors Captains First Lieutenants Second Lieutenants Navy Agents ...... Naval Storekeepers Naval Constructors Mechanics Inspector and Measurer of Timber 32 22 160 49 55 50 7 392 83 20 25 18 11 4 1 2 16 20 18 t 18 t6 t 1 4 1 34 25 182 44 48 45 7 403 83 23 23 16 12 7 9 23 16 20 6 (11) Letter of the Secretary of the Navy, 17th December, 1815. t Navy agents receive one per cent, on the amount of their expenditures, not to exceed 2,000 dollars per annum. The six naval storekeepers, in the aggregate, receive 7,600 dollars per annum ; the naval constructor 2,300 dollars per annum : for the pay and emoluments of the other officers in the above state- ment, see preceding statements. 7 N 674 Of the Na-val Establishment of the United States. The proceeds of all vessels and the goods taken on board of them, after being adjudged good prize, are the sole property of the captors, provided the captured vessel be of equal or superior force to those making the capture; but when they are of inferior force, the vessels and property captured, are divided equally between the United States, and the officers and men who captured the same. The prize money belonging to the officers and men, is distributed ae foUows,^*^^ viz : 1. To the commanding officers of fleets, squadrons, or single vessels, three twentieths, of which the commanding officer of the fleet or squadron, has one twentieth, if the prize be taken by a vessel acting under his command, and the commander of single vessels, two twentieths ; but where the prize is taken by a vessel acting independently of such superior officer, the three twentieths belong to her commander. ^2. To sea lieutenants, captains of marines and sailing-masters, two twentieths; but where there is a captain without a lieutenant of marines, these officers are entitled to two twentieths, and one third of a twentieth, which third, in such case, is deducted from the share of the officers mentioned in the following Article No. 3. 3. To chaplains, lieutenants of marines, surgeons, pm'sers, boatswains, gunners, carpenters and master's mates, two twentieths. 4. To midshipmen, surgeons' mates, captains' clerks, schoolmasters, boatswains' mates, gunners' mates, carpenters' mates, ships' stewards, sail-makers, masters at arms, armourers, cockswains and coopers, three twentieths and a half. 5. To gunners' yeomen, boatswains' yeomen, quarter-masters, quarter-gunners, sail-makers' mates, Serjeants and corporals of marines, drummers, fifers, and extra petty officers, two twentieths and a half. 6. To seamen, ordinary seamen, marines and all other persons doing duty on board, seven twentieths. 7. Whenever one or more public vessels are in sight at the time any one or more vessels are taking a prize or prizes, they all share equally in the prize or prizes, according to the number of men and guns on board each vessel in sight. No commander of a fleet or squadron is entitled to receive any share of prizes taken by vessels not under his immediate command ; nor of such prizes as may have been taken by vessels intended to be placed under his command, before they have acted under his immediate orders ; nor has the commander of a fleet or squadron, leaving the station where he had the command, any share in the (12) Act 23d April, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 187. Of the Nhval Establishment of the United States. 675 the prizes taken by vessels left on such station, after he had gone out of the limits of his said command. A bounty of twenty dollars, is allowed by the United States, for each person on board any vessel of an enemy at the commencement of an engagement, which shall be sunk or destroyed by any vessel belonging to the United States, of equal or inferior force ; and the same is divided among the officers and crew, as prize money. On the 15th of November, 1776, Congress established the rank of the officers of the navy as follows, viz : An Admiral, ..... to rank as a . A Vice Admiral, do. A Rear Admiral, do. A Commodore, do. A Captain of a 40 gun ship, do. Do. from 20 to 40 gun ships, do. Do. from 10 to 20 do. do. A Lieutenant of the Navy, do. General in the land service. Lieutenant General. Major General. Brigadier General. Colonel. Lieutenant Colonel. Major. Captain.(»3) The following Estimates of Expense, necessary to keep in service for one year, the rates mentioned, having a full complement of Officers, Men and Provisions for twelve months, were laid before the Senate of the United States, on the 27th January, 1816. Pay and Subsistence of the Navy Do. do. of the Marines Provisions . . , . . Clothing of Marines Military stores for Marines . Hospital stores and medicines Contingencies, wear and tear, &c. Total amount for each rate. A SeTentT-four Gun Sliip. Dolls. Cts. 91,148 75 6,696 25 62,610 04 2,600 60 85 00 1,600 00 25,000 00 189,740 64 A Forty-four Gun Ship. Dolls. Cts. 64,974 25 5,073 75 43,122 08 2,122 00 68 75 1,350 00 17,500 00 134,210 83 A Twenty-two Gun Ship. Dolls. Cts. 29,905 00 2,371 25 17,662 96 990 70 32 50 800 00 7,500 00 59,162 41 (13) In 1811, there were on the British Navy List, one admiral of the fleet, sixty-three admirals, sixty vice admirals, fifty-five rear admirals, thirty-two superannuated admirals, seven hundred and forty-nine captains, twenty-six superannuated captains, five hundred and sixty-two commanders, forty-nine command- ers retired from lieutenantcies, at 6*. 6d. per day.— The rank in the British navy, is 1st. of the Red, 2d. of the White, and 3d. of the Blue. ' 676 Of the Xaval Establishment of the United States. Estimate of the Pay and Rations of the Officers and Seamen of the Navy of the United States, including the Flotilla Service, for 1815. Number of each grade Pay per Amount of Rations Number of Price of Amount of Amount of pay and rations per in the ser- vice. Officers, Men and Boys in the Service. Month. pay per per day. rations per a ra- rations per annum. annum. tion. annum. annum. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 30 Captains .... 100 36,000 7 76,650 25 19,162 50 55,162 50 25 Masters Commandant . 60 18,000 4 36,500 9,125 00 27,125 00 141 Lieutenants .... 40 67,680 2 102,930 25,732 50 93,412 50 24 Lieutenants Commandant . 50 14,400 3 26,280 — 6,570 00 20,970 00 510 Midshipmen 19 116,280 2 — — . 116.280 00 230 Sailing-Masters . 40 110.400 83,950 — 20,987 50 131,387 50 50 Surgeons .... 50 30,000 18,250 — 4,562 50 34,562 50 12 Chaplains .... 40 5,760 4,880 — 1,095 00 6,855 00 50 Pursers .... 40 24,000 18,250 4,562 50 28,562 50 10 Coast Pilots 40 4,800 3,650 912 50 5,712 50 45 Captains' Clerks . 25 13,500 — — — 13,500 00 80 Surgeons' Mates . 30 28,800 2 29,200 __ 7.300 00 36,100 00 220 Boatswains "1 220 45 Gunners 1 „,„ Ca.rpenters r> ^^0 . 25 159,000 1 193,450 — 48,362 50 207,362 50 45 Sail -makers J 240 Masters' Mates . 25 72,000 __ __ ^^ __ 72.000 00 96 Boatswains' Mates ~\ 96 Gunners' Mates -cr. 56 Carpenters' Mates f^°° 19 61,104 — — — — 61,104 00 20 Sail-makers' mates J 220 Quarter Gunners 180 Quarter Masters 45 Masters at Arms 45 Armourers 96 Yeomen 40 Coxswains >1,I06 . 18 238,896 — — — — 238,896 00 20 Coopers 20 Ships Corporals 220 Stewards 220 Cooks J 5,000 Able Seamen 16 960,000 960.000 00 6,849 Ordinary seamen and boys 14 1,150,632 1,150,632 00 15,200 3,259,624 50 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 677 During the reign of king William, in making the estimates for the ordinary service of the British navy, it was customary to vote £ 4 sterling a man, per month; this practice was continued until 1798, when the calculation was made of what would cover the actual charge, exclusive of ordinary, buildings and re- pairs; a sum equal to ^ 7 sterling per month, was then voted; and in 1798, that sum was somewhat more than was sufl&cient/**) The £ 7 sterling per month above mentioned is thus divided, viz :(**^ Sterling. For wages 117 Wear and tear of ships in commission and of their furniture and stores .300 Victualling l 18 Ordnance ^ 050 ^7 (14) Rose's View of the Revenue, &c. of Great Britain, p. 56. (15) Naval. Chronicle, vol. xvii. p. 473. 7 O 678 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Rate, Name, Length, Breadth, Depth, Tons, Men and Guns of sundry Ships of War, in the British Navy; compiled from Charaock's History of Marine Architecture, vol. iii. p. 245, et seq. LENGTH OF NUMBER F RATE. SHIPS' NAMES. Breadth. Depth. Tons. When first builti or when taken from an Gun Deck. Keel. Men. Guns Enemy. Ft. In. Ft In. Ft. In. Ft. In. 'Commerce de \ Marseilles J 208 04 172 00^ 54 09i 25 OOJ 2,747 875 120 5 taken from the I French. Caledonia 205 00 170 11 53 06 23 02 2,602 875 120 1802. 1st Rates. < San Josef 194 03 156 11^ 54 03 24 03 2,457 840 114 Spaniards. Ville de Paris 185 07| 158 00 53 08A 22 02 2,347 850 104 1755. Queen Charlotte 190 00 156 05 52 04 22 04 2,279 850 100 1789. ^Victory 186 00 151 08|. 52 00 21 06 2,162 850 100 1765. 'Ocean 196 00 164 00 51 00 21 06 2,270 738 98 rebuilt 1761. Neptune 185 00 152 06|. 51 00 21 00 2,111 750 98 1797. 2d Rates. « S Glory 177 06 146 06 49 00 21 00 1,871 750 98 rebuilt 1788. ^Princess Royal 162 07i 131 05 47 04| 18 07^ 1,570 750 90 1711. "Tonnant 197 06 160 11 50 07 28 07 2,190 718 80 French. San Nicholas 179 09 148 04 49 07 20 01 1,942 719 82 Do. Northumberland 178 08 146 06 48 02 21 01 1,811 600 78 Do. 3d Rates. < Boyne 158 00 127 02 45 05 18 07 1,390 600 80 — Trident 151 06 123 07 43 09 19 08 1,258 500 64 1748. Venerable 170 08 140 11| 47 02 19 11 1,659 600 74 1784. _ Audacious 168 00 138 00 46 09 19 09 1,604 600 74 1785. 'Prince Edward 143 08| 116 03f 41 08| 16 00 1,075 400 60 Dutch. Leopard 134 00 109 08 38 08 • 45 09A 872 350 50 1744. 4th Kates. < New-Castle 144 00 117 08^ 41 00 17 08 1,052 350 50 1750. Leander 146 00 119 09 40 06 17 06 1,044 350 50 1781. ^Gladiator 140 00 115 09 37 09^ 16 04 879 300 44 1783. TEndymion 159 03 132 03 42 07 12 04 1,277 320 40 1797. 5th Rates. <{ Arethusa 141 00 117 OOi 38 10 13 09 938 280 38 1781. {^Active 150 00 125 02 39 10 13 09 1,058 280 38 1799. 'Greyhound 124 00 103 04' 33 06 11 10 617 200 28 1773. Pelican 114 07 94 09^ 32 02 10 03 521 160 24 1777. J Ariadne 108 00 89 08 30 00 9 08 429 160 20 1776. 6th Rates. ] Minerva 96 09 78 06 30 06 10 00 388 138 18 1779. Atalanta 96 07 78 10 26 09 12 10 300 125 16 1775. ^Serpent 98 00 80 01| 27 02 13 05 314 125 14 1771. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 679 SECTION IV. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. For a long time the majority of the people of the United States was opposed to an extensive and permanent naval establishment; and the force authorised by the legislature, until very lately, was intended for temporary purposes. A navy was considered to be beyond the financial means of our country, and it was supposed that the people would not submit to be taxed for its support. Our brilliant success, in the late war, has changed the public sentiment on this sub- ject ; many persons who formerly opposed the navy now consider it an essential means for our defence. The late transactions on the borders of the Chesapeak bay cannot be forgotten ; the extent of that immense sestuary enabled the enemy to sail triumphant into the interior of the United States. For hundreds of miles along the shores of that great bay our people were insulted, and our tOwns were ravaged and destroyed; a considerable population was teazed and irritat- ed ; depredations were hourly committed by an enemy who could penetrate into the bosom of the country, without our being able to molest him, whilst he kept on the water. By the time a sufficient force was collected, to check his opera- tions in one situation, his ships had already transported him to another, which was feeble and offered a booty to him. An army could make no resistance to this mode of warfare; the people were annoyed, and they suffered in the field only to be satisfied of their inability to check those who had the dominion upon our waters. The inhabitants who were in the immediate vicinity, were not alone affected by the enemy; his operations extended their influence to our great towns and cities on the Atlantic coast. Domestic intercourse and internal com- merce were interrupted, whilst that with foreign nations was, in some instances entirely suspended. The Treasury documents for 1814, exhibit the phenomenon of the state of Pennsylvania not being returned as one in the list of the export- ing states. We were not only deprived of revenue, but our expenditures were very much augmented. It is probable the amount of the expenditures, incurred on the borders of the Chesapeak, would have been adequate to provide the 680 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. naval means for the defence of tlv se waters; the people might then have re- mained at home, secure from depredation, in the pursuit of their tranquil occu- pations. The expenses of the government, as well as of individuals, were very much augmented for every species of transportation ; every thing had to be con- veyed by land carriage ; our communication with the ocean was cut off. One thousand doUars were paid for the transportation of each of the thirty -two pounder cannon, from Washington city to lake Ontario, for the public service. Our roads became almost impassable in consequence of the heavy loads which were carried over them. These facts should induce us, in times of tranquillity, to provide for the national defence, and execute such internal improvements as cannot be effected during the agitations of war. The progress of our navy, like that of most other nations, was retarded by the errors which had been committed. Its increase was contemplated only when danger was supposed to be near; all then was hurry and confusion; an establishment was to be forced, as we had no pre-existing system which only required to be promoted. Every proceeding was governed by the impulse of the moment ; there was no deliberation ; passion and anxiety were to create and force for us, in a few months, that, which many years of constant appUcation had not effected for other nations. Vessels, not adapted to the service, were purchased from our merchants. (^) The buQding of ships was commenced, without an adequate provision of timber ; the most extravagant prices were paid for every material; contracts were made when the contractors understood our necessities ; workmen were called into the public yards, when the press for bu- siness enabled them to double the rate of their wages, and the ships, which were built, soon decayed and became unfit for service, because they were con- structed from improper materials hastily put together.^^^ In 1809, the Secretary of the Navy declared, that several of our frigates, when repaired, were " greatly superior in all respects to what they were when fii'st fitted out from the stocks.^^' Our expenses were augmented, without a correspondent increase of force : these facts contributed to make the establishment unpopular in the United States. We cannot perpetuate an establishment, commensurate with the security of (1) The government should rarely purchase merchant or other vessels, for the public service; the ves- sels acquired in this manner, are commonly much worn, and require expensive repairs and alterations; they can rarely be converted into useful vessels, and when they are sold again, the public sustains very heavy losses. Thirteen of the vessels, purchased for the government in 1799, were sold again in 1801; by these sales, the nation lost 391,252 dollars and 73 cents, or 60.33 per cent, of the cost. (2) The Russian navy was retarded by all the causes above enumerated. Storck's Statistische beschrei- bung fur Mtertz,, 1805; and the like have operated in Great Britain; see Charnock, loc. citat (3) Letter of the Secretary of the Navy, 1st December, 1809. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 681 the United States, and meet the approbation of the people, unless the abuses, which have attached to the service, shall be eradicated. A system of rules and re- gidations should be prescribed for the government of eveiy officer, and every in- dividual, who may be connected with the service ; and their rigid observance should be enforced by adequate penalties. No officer should be allowed to alter the arrangements, made in conformity with the established practice for the navy. Whole suits of new rigging have been laid aside ; sets of new sails have been destroyed; much timber has been wasted; enormous sums of money have been squandered, to gratify the caprice of commanders. Uniformity in the fitting and equipping of vessels, of the same class, is the conservative spirit of this esta- blishment. No person wliatever should be allowed to alter the form or size of any ship of war, or in any manner to change the armament, unless he be pre- viously authorised, by a written order from the Secretary of the Navy, or other competent authority. No one should be allowed to draw, from the public stores, any other than the kind and quantities of spars, rigging and other outfits, which in the most minute particulars belong to the equipment and armament of each vessel. The corvette John Adams, stands a heavy charge to our navy ; this ship was repeatedly altered at the instance of the commander; the changes only served to prove the ignorance of those who projected them ; no sooner were the repairs finished, than it became necessaiy to restore the vessel to her original construction. It is extremely difficult, perhaps impossible, to improve an old vessel when the model was upon improper principles. The accounting officers and agents should be made strictly responsible ; a proper regard to economy is essential when the expenditures are necessarily so enormous ; the navy furnishes abundant opportunities for mismanagement, dilapidation, waste and frauds of every description ;(*) a trifling overcharge for any one item, will, in the aggre- gate, press heavy on the service. All the materials used in ship building are liable to a rapid decay, though the establishment may be conducted with a re- gard to strict economy. The British navy list demonstrates the shortness of the duration of the ships of war; notvpithstanding the long experience of that nation, (4) No navy furnishes more instances of mal-practices, neglect, fraud and corruption, than that of Great Britain. The origin and progress of that system may be traced in Charnock's History of Marine Architecture, vol. ii. p. 447. Several ships were continued at a charge to the government, for a long time after they had been lost, burnt, or were sold. The Bon Adventure was thus continued for seven years after she had been " broken up." The reports of the commissioners of naval enquiry in Great Britain, proved the existence of corruption and fraud, in every branch of the establishment. No person in the service seemed to be entirely free from mal-practices ; they were perpetrated by the highest and by the meanest of tlie persims employed — millions were annually robbed from the nation. See Report of the Commissioners, in Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates, vol. iii. 7 P 682 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. they have furnished some of the most remarkable instances of the premature deciay of vessels. The Queen Charlotte of 120 guns, was launched on the I7th of July, 1810. She had been on the stocks during several years at Deptford; after she was launched, she proceeded to Sheerness and thence to Plymouth; in a few months, after she first floated, without having ever been in active service, she was decaying fast from the diy rot.^*^ The vessels, which constituted the British navy, in 1813, amounted to nine hundred and fifty-two ;^*') of these, seven hundred and fifty-two were in commission, and two hundred in ordinary and repairing ; in the same year, there were one hundred and one vessels building. Of the nine hundred and fifty-two vessels above mentioned, five hundred and seventy-three, or 60.18 per centum of the total number, were built since 1804, they were not more than nine years old; one hundred and forty-five of them were built prior to 1793, and during their service, they have been rebuilt and often repaired. The ships of war belonging to the Navy of Great Britain, built under the most favourable circumstances, on an average, lasted only from twelve to fifteen years. <^'') Ships of war of the first class, should never be built by contract or in private yards. The private builders cannot afford to supply themselves with an ad^equate stock of seasoned timber for these purposes ; no private yard is calculated for such ships, of course the government must bear the expense of the necessary alterations, and the cost thereof may fall upon a single ship; whereas if such improvements be made in the public yards, they will be permanent, and the charge will be divided so as to fall upon many vessels. In England it has been proved, that the ships built in the dock-yards of the king, were more durable than those built by contract in the merchants' yards ; the ships built in the king's yards, lasted, on an average, about fifteen years, whilst such as were buUt in the private yards, lasted about ten years.^*^ (5) Naval Chronicle, for 1811, p. 385. (6) Steel's List of the Navy. (7) Eleventh Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the state and condition of the woods, forests and land revenues of the Crown, 6th February, 1792. (8) Eleventh Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the state and condition of the woods, forests and land revenues of the Crown, dated 6th February, 1792, p. 29. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 683 'Die following Statement, concerning line of battle ships built by contract, between January, 1793, and December, 1813, was ordered to be printed by the House of Commons, 28th April, 1814/'' NAMES OF THE VESSELS. When built First Cost. Time of service before being docked. Cost of Repairs. When paid off. Superb . .' . Ajax .... Achilles Spencer 1798 1798 1798 1800 £ 38,647 39,039 38,450 36,249 Years. Months. 2 6 5 1 5 2 9 £ 47,283 26,683 25,646 43,748 1809 1802 , 1802 1802 Our naval resources are abundant, but they require attention for their preserva- tion. The forests of the United States have furnished much timber for home consumption, and a considerable surplus for exportation; much of the timber, consumed in the navy yards of Great Britain, was carried from the United States. Tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine are staples of our country ; notwithstand- ing they have been ah-eady exported to a great amount, the quantities can be augmented. Many districts in the United States, are weU adapted to the culture of hemp ; in Kentucky and Ohio this raw material flourishes, and has been made of an excellent quality. Our iron mines are extensively diffused ; we have already discovered copper ores in such quantities as deserves further investigations, and our beds of coal are inexhaustible. The naval architects of the United States pos- sess a genius which is peculiar to them; though they are self-taught, they have furnished models which gained the admiration of their imitators in Europe. This class of our citizens long ago excited the attention of the ship-buUders in foreign countries ; originality of design and a boldness in the execution characterised their efforts during the war of our revolution. " In defiance of the common prejudices then entertained against long and narrow vessels, the American builders ventured their opposition, and the success which attended the principles they mtroduced, materially differing from the practice of any country at that time, proved their superior skill in the construction of corsairs."(i°) All the mechanical pursuits, required for fitting and equipping ships of war, are practised to a great extent in our sea-port towns ; our tonnage demonstrates that our seamen are nume- rous ; their valour has commanded the homage of their enemies. Our revolution unfolded our naval capacities; on the 13th of December, 1775, Congress resolv- ed that thirteen vessels of war should be built, ten of them to be frigates ; and these ships were launched in the year foUowing.^"^ (9) Quarterly Review, No. XXI. April, 1814. (11) Clarke, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 45. (10) Charnock, loc. citat vol. iii, p. 217. 684 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. To make it permanent our navy must be gradually augmented ;(^^^ to force it would produce inevitable destruction ; a regular and constant accession of this species of defence is within our resources, independent of any supphes from foreign countries. In 1815, the Secretary of the Navy recommended the annual addition of one ship of seventy-four guns, two of forty-four guns each, and two sloops of war.^''') It is perhaps impossible to determine with accuracy, the very important ques- tion, what force will be required to protect the coasting trade, and the entrances into the harbours of the United States. It is difficult to estimate the forces that may be brought against us. Our remote situation from the powers in Europe ; our extended seaboard ; the dangers which accompany the vicissitudes of our climate, and are connected with our coast; together Avith the difficulty of obtaining supplies for a very Considerable foreign fleet, are circumstances which enable us to protect ourselves, with a force very inferior to that of a European enemy. ^'^^ In 1798 it was said, "that twelve ships of seventy-four guns, as many (12) The following shows the progress of the British Navy, viz : The commencement of the regular naval establishment took place in the reign of Henry VIII. At the death of that monarch the navy amounted to 12,455 tons. During the reign of Edward VI. it was reduced to 11,065 Death of Mary 7,110 Death of Elizabeth 17,110 J'^^^^I- I . notknown. Charles I. 5 At the Restoration . . • 57,463 Death of Charles II 103,558 James II. 101,892 King Vy^illiam 159,017 Queen Anne 167,171 George 1 170,862 Accession of George III. , 321,104 In the year 1788 413,667 \_Charnock, loc. citat. vol. iii. p. 169. (13) Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 7th Decemer. 1815. (14) In 1803, the Russians determined on the limits of their future navy; the decision was founded on a knowledge of the force, which the neighbouring nations might bring against them, viz : The Danes, in 1804, had 14 ships of the line and 10 frigates. The Swedes, do. 12 do. 10 do. The Turks, do. 28 do. 6 do. Making 54 ships of the line and 26 frigates. Besides 28 frigates in the Black Sea. The Russians determined their force for the Baltic, nine ships of 100 guns each ; nine of 74 guns each; nine of 64 guns each ; eight frigates of 44 guns each ; eight of 36 guns each ; and ten of 24 guns each, making an aggregate of 27 ships of the line and 26 frigates. The force for the Black Sea, twenty -one ships of the line and eight frigates. Besides the ships aforesaid, every piece of timber, required for five ships of the line, is always fit for use in the navy yards. Storck, loc. citat fur Julii, 1805, p. 6. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 685 frigates, and twenty or thirty smaller vessels, would probably be found, our geographical situation, and our means of annoying the trade of the maritime powers considered, a force sufficient to insure our future peace with the nations of Europe."^'') In 1811, a force not materially differing from the above mention- ed, was considered " ample to the -protection of our coasting trade, and competent to annoy extensively the commerce of an enemy."^^') Suppose the force aforesaid to be adequate for our service, the cost may he estimated as follows,* viz : The 12 ships of 74 guns, will have an aggregate of . . . 888 guns. 20 frigates, of 44 guns, do 880 do. 10 sloops of war, of 20 guns each, do 200 do. Grand Total, 1,968 guns. The estimated expense of building and completely equipping, for actual ser- vice, vessels of war, of different rates, in the United States, and the annual expense of each rate, was stated to be as follows,^") viz : RATE. Expense of Building. Estimated Annual Expense. Pep Gun. Cost of each Rate. 74 60 50 44 36 32 20 Dolls. 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,000 3,500 Dolls. 333,000 270,000 225,000 198,000 162,000 128,000 70,000 Dolls. 211,784 140,000 115,214 110,000 102,000 82,000 50,202 But the above estimates are below the actual cost of the ships, which were built for the United. States. (15) Letter of the Secretary of the Navy, 28th December, 1798. (16) Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, 3d December, 1811. 7 Q 686 0/ the Kaval Establishment of the United States. The following Statement shows the actual cost of the several rates, according to the returns made by the Navy Department/'') VESSELS. Frigate President ("' United Statesd^) Constitutionts") New-York Chesapeak Constellation(2i) Philadelphia Essex . Adams . Boston John Adams . Maryland SUp Kate. 44 44 44 36 36 36 32 32 32 32 32 20 Actual Cost. Dolls. Cts. 220,910 08 299,336 56 302,718 84 159,639 60 220,677 80 314,212 15 179,349 00 139,362 50 136,672 27 119,570 04 113,50 72 70,249 83 The eleven frigates, and the ship enumerated in the preceding statement, according to their rates, had four hundred and tAventy guns; the aggregate amount of the actual cost of the vessels was 2,316,299 dollars, or on the average, 5,538 dollars per gun. If we assume this last sum as the basis for our calculations, the building and equipping of the force supposed to be adequate for our service, will cost 11,198,784 dollars. A comparison of the statements, made in 1811, and 1816, concerning the annual expense of each rate, will show that of the former period to be much above the latter; we consider the first of these estimates as the most safe for our calculations ; predicated upon that basis, the annual expense, for twelve seventy-four gun ships, will amount to 2,541,408 dollars; for twenty-four forty-four gun ships, 2,200,000 dollars, and for ten twenty gun ships, 502,020 dollars, making an aggregate of 5,243,628 dollars per annum; to this sum, it will be necessary to add for contingencies, ^c.^^*^) According to the plan proposed by the Secretary of the Navy, in 1816, for our establishment, the annual increase will amount to two hundred and two guns ; and the cost for building and equipping for actual service, will amount to 1,118,676 dollars. (17) Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, 6th February, 1806. (18) Built at New-York. (19) Built at Philadelphia. (20) Built at Boston. (21) Built at Baltimore. (22) The five ships of 32 guns each, five of 28 guns each, and three of 24 guns each, directed by Con- gress to be built, in 1775, were estimated to cost 66,666 dollars and 67 cents each, on an average — allowing two complete suits of sails for each ship. Of the JVaval Establishment of the United States. 68: The following statement, shows the expense of building ships of war in Great Britain. Estimates of the charge of building and completely equipping a ship of each class, with masts, yards, saUs, rigging, ground tackle, and all other boatswain's as well as carpenter's sea stores to an eight months proportion, according to the regulations established by order of the Navy Board, progressively in the years 1706, 1719, 1733, 1741, and 1789.(^3) GUNS OF EACH RATE. Cost in 1706. Cost in 1719. Cost in 1733. Cost in 1741. Cost in 1789. £ £ £ £ £ 100 38,581 40,183 40,682 41,151 67,600 98 — — — — 57,120 90 31,019 32,886 34,488 35,678 — 80 25,018 27,337 28,700 30,176 53,120 74 — — — 43,820 70 19,508 21,714 23,868 25,175 — 64 — — — . — 35,920 60 16,223 17,831 20,292 21,350 ... fiO 11,616 13,212 15,140 17,185 25,720 44 — — — — 21,400 40 7,173 8,731 10,135 10,557 — 38 — — — — 20,830 36 — — — — 19,070 32 — — — — 15,080 28 — — — — 12,420 24 — — — — 10,550 9/1 3,138 4,712 5,512 6,399 9,100 Sloops of 300 tons ~^~ ■ ' ^~* "— 6,260 In 1812, the building of a seventy-four gun ship, in England, was at the rate of J 33 105. sterling; and the frigates of thirty-six guns, J 24 lOs. sterling per ton.(2*) In 1813-14, the Secretary of the Navy contracted for the building of the Java frigate, of forty-four guns, for 94,934 dollars ; and for live sloops of war at 25,461 dollars each; the sums mentioned, were paid for the carpenter's work without including the materials. In 1805, the follovdng was the cost of ships of war in Russiaji^^') viz: Rubles. A seventy-four gun ship, built of oak, 300,000 A sixty-four ^ do. do 200,000 A sixty-four, built of larch, 60,000 (23) The estimates in the first four columns were taken from Charnock, loc. citat. vol. iii. p. 126; those for 1789, from the Naval Chronicle, vol. 17th, p. 472. (24) Quarterly Review, for September, 1812. (25) Storck, loc. citat. fur Julii, 1805, p. 20. 688 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. The Russian rates at present are, ships of one hundred, seventy-four, sixty- four, forty-four, thirty-six and twenty-four guns.t^^^ > The expense of ship building has advanced in all countries ; in Great Britain, in the course of thirty-five years, from 1706 to 1741, the advance in the price of a ship of one hundred guns, amounted to 6.65 percent; in forty-eight years, from 1741 to 1789, to 64.27 per cent; in eighty-three years, from 1706 to 1789^ to 75.21 per cent.; for other rates the advance was as follows, viz: RATES. From 1706 to 1741. From 1741 to 1789, From irOfi to 1789. 80 Gun Ships 50 do. 20 do. 20.61 47.93 103.91 76.03 49.66 42.20 112.32 121.41 189.99 Most nations have been prodigal of the timber in their forests ; perhaps no one has been less attentive to this subject than ourselves ; we have depended too much upon the belief that our woods were inexhaustible. The advance in the price of ship building, must depend upon the condition of our forests. Our ship- wrights say, that the price of ship timber in the United States, had advanced on an average, 10 per cent, since 1800. Many persons believe, that our stock of live oak is very considerable ; but upon good authority,^^'^) we have been told, in 1801, that supplies of live oak from Georgia, will be obtained with difficidty, and that the larger pieces were very scarce ; it was then supposed, that we would be obliged to depend upon white oak ; to wliich it was added, that " our white oak ships vvill last as long as those of most other couiitries."^^*) We have already observed, that our government has taken the precaution, to appropriate funds for the purchase of lands, on which there was growing timber fit for naval pur- poses; we are persuaded that the land, after it shall be cleared, wiR sell for more than it originally cost. Some remarkable facts have occurred, concerning the advance in the price of timber; in 1565, the inhabitants of Lewes, in Great Britain, purchased seventy -five tons of timber to reljuild their town-house ; it cost 2s. 8d. sterling per ton. The timber aforesaid, in dSlO, when the building was torn down, was valued at from 3s. to 4s. sterling per cubic foot.'-^) (26) Storck, loc. citat. p. 70. (27) Letter from the Secretary of the Navy, 12th January, 1801. (28) Joshua Humphries, late an eminent naval constructor in the port of Philadelphia, said, tliat live oak will last from 40 to 50 years; English oak, from 20 to 30 years, and American white oak, from 15 to 'M years. (29) Monthly Magazine, vol. 30th, p. 188. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. B89 Pursuant to an order of Parliament, returns are frequently made of the state of the forests in Great Britain. In 1608, six of the royal forests contained 234,229 loads of timber fit for the navy, and 265,145 loads of decayed trees; in 1783, the same forests contained only 50,455 loads fit for the navy, and 35,554 loads of decayed trees. In 1802 it was said, that the quantity of the timber, furnished by the royal forests, for fifty-seven years past, was not equal to the building of a thirty-two gun frigate annually, and that the home supply, from private pro- perty, was only equal to eighteen years consumption of the navy. In 1789,(^°> the admiralty induced the East India Company to diminish the number of their largest class of ships, because, it was said, these vessels had been a prin- cipal cause of creating a scarcity of large ship timber. (^') In 1808, it was calcu- lated, that 110,000 loads of timber would be annually required, to keep the British navy ifl the state it was at that time ; it then amounted to 800,000 tons. Of the timber aforesaid, twenty-seven thousand loads would be necessary for re- pairs. A tree of oak timber, fit for naval pm-poses, will, on the average, furnish one and an half loads ; three thousand loads are required for a seventy-four gun ship, and each load contains thirty cubic feet, and each ton consists of forty feet. It has been computed, that two thousand large well grown timber trees are re- quired for the timber of a seventy-four gun ship ; if we suppose the trees to stand one rod apart, it would clear twelve and an half acres to furnish that quantity.^^^) It has long been a desideratum to prevent the premature decay of ship timber; v^rith this view many expedients have been adopted. Soaking the timber in a saturated solution of common salt was found to render the ships moist, unplea- sant and sickly ;(^^^ the Prudent and Intrepid ships, in the British service, were constructed from timber soaked in brine, but the inconveniences above men- tioned caused that practice to be discontinued. The most experienced ship- wrights, in the United States, say, that timber may be used from the stump, provided the ships be salted; they consider salting as effectual in the preservation of timber, as it is for meats, ^c. The best American merchant ships are salted; and this precaution has been adopted for the ships lately built for our navy. At Brest, the French have a covered dock ; and the Venetian practice was also to build under cover. In consequence of exposure to the weather, some of the timbers of the Lord Nelson, a first rate, buUt at Deptford, had " rents six feet (30) Captain Layman's " Precursor to an Expose, &c." (31) D'Archenholtz's Picture of England, vol. ii. p. 213. (32) Quarterly Review for September, 1812, and October, 1813 j also Naval Chronicle for 1811. (33) Blane's Diseases of Seamen, p. 58. Naval Chronicle, vol. ii. p. 485. 7 R 690 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. long.(3*) It has been the custom in the British navy yards, to have a stock of timber equal to three year's consumption. Mr. Snodgrass, a celebrated English ship-builder, declared " the waste of timber kept in such piles for three years must be one third part, or more, lost;"^^'') and he advised that all the ship timber in the king's yards should be converted into frames. In 1793, "the Hawke sloop of war was built at Deptford; one half with tim- ber stripped of its bark while standing, the other half with timber felled in the ordinary way. Ten years afterwards she was broken up, when no visible differ- ence was apparent in the state of decay of the two kinds of timber."(^*> The time allowed for this important experiment was too short ; it was less than that in which good ship timber usually decays ; if the trial had been continued, it might have afforded very different results. Timber may last ten years without any apparent decay ; whereas, after the rot has commenced its pBOgress may be very rapid. The two kinds of timber, in the Hawke, might have been in a con- dition to last during ten years ; one or the other might have lasted during three such periods. It seems adviseable that this experiment should be repeated and continued until one or other of the timbers decayed. AU the ships, for our navy, should be of the largest dimensions for every class that may be adopted. By this practice many of the vessels, which now belong to other powers, would be rendered unfit to meet the same rates in our service. The British pursued this course, and thereby destroyed the navies of then- enemies. About 1670, the first rates in the British service on the average, mea- sured 1,345 tons, the second rates 1,033 tons, the third rates from 662 to 7S1 tons, the fourth rates from 475 to 609 tons. In 1798, their first rates were ex- tended to 2,000 and 2,200 tons; the Nelson, of one hundred and twenty guns, measured 2,601 tons; the second rates 1,850 to 1,950 tons, the third rates 1,260 to 1,900 tons; in this class the eighties, seventy-fours, and sixty-fours are included, the fourth rates 852 to 1,053 tons.^^'') The American seventy-four gun ships Independence, Washington, and Frank- lin, measure 2,028t| tons each; the forty-four gun ships, Guerriere and Java, l,528|i tons each; the sloops Erie, Ontario, Wasp and Peacock, 509f| tons each. Ships of these dimensions might constitute the three classes for our navy. Experience has taught that the seventy-fours are the most efficient for naval (34) Quarterly Review for September, 1812. (35) Report of the Commissioners of the Navy, 1792. (36) Quarterly Review for September, 1812. For the effects on timber buried in bogs and other moist situations, consult Doctor Hunter's edition of Evelyn's Sylva, p. 132. 285. 288. In the same work, there are many facts in favour of barking timber for three years before it is felled ; that practice was approved by Doctor Plott, Buffon, and Du Hamel. (S/) Charnock, loc. citat. vol. ii. p. 426. Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. 691 operations; they are easily managed, their batteries are adequate for any ser- vice, and larger vessels are not suited to our waters. An enemy ^viU find no advantage from larger ships on our coast, and besides, the largest vessels com- pose but a very small part of the navies in Europe. All our ships, of the same class, should be of the same dimensions, and they should be equipped and arm- ed alike ; by this practice the service would be made more economical and more efficient, and much time would be saved in refitting the vessels. The present period should be employed to introduce every particular, that may be perma- nently useful in our establishment; if we neglect the proper arrangements our difficulties will be multiplied in proportion as we augment the navy. The ships of war, during our revolution, were named pursuant to a resolve of Congress ; they now receive their names from the Secretary of the Navy, acting under the directions of the President. It is of consequence to establish some fixed principles on this subject. We have had two vessels of the same name, viz : Chippewa, one a seventy-four, and the other a sixteen gun ship ; this may lead to important errors in our naval history. Ships' of the first class might be named after the States respectively, commencing \vith them according to the ratio of the population; those of the second class might be called after the principal cities and towns in the several States ; and those of the third class as the Presi- dent may direct. The strength of a navy does not alone depend upon the number of the ves- sels; it is of greater consequence to have the requisite number of skilful officers and seamen. Our ships might be employed as the schools for the officers and men; it is essential to preserve a regular system of discipline on board ships of war, and naval tactics can only be acquired from practice. Our coasts, bays and rivers should be explored by our seamen ; it is a lamentable fact that the enemy, during the late war, ascended many of our waters which were thought inacces- sible ; and they pointed out channels which before were not known to us. 692 Of the Kaval Establishment of the United States. SECTION V. OF THE NAVY PENSION-FUND OF THE UNITED STATES. In 1797,^*) the officers, marines or seamen of the navy, wounded or disabled, while in the line of their duty, were entitled to be placed on the list of the in- valids of the United States, at such rate of pay and under such regulations as the President should direct. The compensation to be allowed to any commis- sioned and warrant officer was never to exceed half his monthly pay at the time of being disabled; and that allowed to non-commissioned officers, marines and seamen, was never to exceed five dollars per month ; the compensation for inferior disabilities, was directed to be proportionate to that allowed for the highest disability. In 1800,(^) every officer, seaman or marine, disabled in the line of his duty, was entitled to receive for life, or during his disability, a pension fi^om the Uni- ted States, according to the degree of the disability, not to exceed one half his monthly pay. AU the monies accruing or which had accrued to the United States, from the sale of prizes, were directed to remain for ever a fund for the payment of the pensions and half pay granted thereafter to officers and seamen ; and the faith of the United States was pledged to supply any deficiency ; in case the fund should prove more than sufficient, the surplus was directed to be applied for the further comfort of the disabled officers, seamen and marines, and for such, though not disabled, as might merit by their bravery or long and faithful ser- vices, the gratitude of their country. This fund was placed under the manage- ment of the Secretaries of the Navy, Treasury, and War Departments, and they were authorised to receive the monies above mentioned, and invest the same, and the interest arising therefrom, in any manner which a majority of them might deem most advantageous. The officers named are the commissioners of the fund, and they are required annually, in the first week of the session, to lay a statement of their proceedings before Congress. (1) Act 1st July, 1797; vol. iii. ch. 7. (2) Act 23d April, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 187. Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 693 In 1804,(^^ all the monies arising from captures were directed to be paid to the Treasurer of the United States. The Comptroller of the Treasury was au- thorised to institute suits for the recovery of prize money, in the name of the United States. The manner of making disbursements and settling the accounts, in relation to this fund, were prescribed, and the Commissioners were directed to make rules, ^c, for Hie admission of the pensioners. In 1813,(*^ the widow, or in the case of no widow, the children under sixteen years of age, of such of the officers of the navy or marines, as had been kiUed, or who died by reason of a wound received in the line of their duty, were en- titled to receive half the monthly pay, to which the deceased was entitled, during five years ; in case of the death or intermarriage of such widow, prior to the expiration of the five years aforesaid, the half pay, during the remainder of the term, passes to the children of the deceased, and ceases on the death of the children. The payments aforesaid, are made out of the navy pension fund. In 1814,^^^ the provisions enacted on the 20th of January, 1813, were ex- tended to the widows and children of such of the officers, seamen, or marines, as have died, or were disabled, from the causes above mentioned, since the 18th of June, 1812. The officers, or the seamen on board the Revenue Cutters, were entitled to be placed on the pension list, in the case of being disabled in the discharge of their duty, whilst co-operating with the navy.(®) In 181 6, ^^^5 the commissioners of the navy pension fund were authorised, in cases where the half monthly pay, from the nature and the extent of the dis- ability, and the situation of the party disabled, was inadequate to his necessary subsistence, to increase the allowance to any sum not exceeding the full amount of the monthly pay, to which the party so disabled was entitled in the service. In 1817,^*^ the widow, or if no widow, the children under sixteen years of age, of any officer, seaman, or marine of the navy of the United States, who died since the 18th of June, 1812, or who may hereafter die, in consequence of disease contracted, or of injuries received, while in the line of his duty, is en- titled to receive half the monthly pay to which the deceased was entitled at the time of his death, during five years ; in case of the death or intermarriage of the widow, before the expiration of the term aforesaid, the allowance for the remainder of the term, passes to the children of the deceased, and ceases on their death. The monies required for the purposes aforesaid, are paid out of the navy pension fund. <3) Act seth March, 1804; vol. iii. ch. 401. (4) Act 20th January, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 475, (5) Act 4th March, 1814 ; vol. iv. ch. 608. (6) Act 18th April, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 653. (7) Act 16th April, 1816^ a^ct. 7. (8) Act 3d March, 1817. 7 S 694 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. Privateer Pensions. In 1812/^^ two per centum on the net amount of the prize money arising from captured vessels and cargoes, and of the salvage of vessels and cargoes re- captured by the private armed vessels of the United States, was directed to be paid to the collector or chief officer of the customs, at the place at which such captured or recaptured vessels might arrive in the United States; or to the consul, or other public agent of the United States, residing at the place, not Avithin the United States, at which such vessels might arrive. The monies paid as aforesaid, were pledged as a fund, for the support and maintenance of the widows and orphans of such persons as might be slain, and for the support and maintenance of such persons as might be wounded and disabled, on board of the private armed vessels of the United States, in any engagement with the enemy. In ISl.S,'^*''^ the two per centum, arising in the manner prescribed in the act of the 26th of June, 1812, was directed to be paid to the Treasury of the United States, and constituted a fund, for the benefit of the officers, seamen and marines of the private armed vessels of the United States. The persons aforesaid, might be placed on the pension list, under the regulations prescribed for those of the navy. A captain was allowed, not exceeding twenty dollars; lieutenants and sailing-masters, twelve dollars; marine officers, boatswains, gunners, carpenters, masters' mates and prize-masters, ten dollars ; all other officers, eight dollars, and the seamen or marines, six dollars per month, for the highest rate of dis- ability, and in proportion for inferior disabilities. The several sums enumerated, were payable to the order of the Secretary of the Navy. The commanding officers of private armed vessels, were required to enter on their journals, the names of such of the officers and crew as had been disabled during the cruise ; describing the manner and the extent of the injury. Trans- cripts of the journals aforesaid, were directed to be transmitted quarterly, to the Secretary of the Navy, by the collector to whom reports should be made. The Secretary of the Navy was authorised,^") under the restrictions of the act of the 13th of February, 1813, to place the officers and seamen of private armed vessels on the pension list. In 1814,('^) the widows and the children of such of the officers, seamen and marines, who were slain, or who, since the 18th of June, 1812, died of wounds (9) Act 26th June, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 430, sect. 17. (10) Act 13th February, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 48^. (11) Act 2d August, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 586. (12) Act 4th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 608. Of the Military Establishment of the United States. 695 received in the line of their duty, were provided for, in the manner prescribed for those of the officers, ^c. of the navy, in the act of the 20th of January, 1813. In 1817,^^*^ the provisions aforesaid, were extended to the vndows and children of such of the officers, seamen or marines, who died since the 18th of June, 1812, or who should die from the causes enumerated. A STATEMENT Of the Navy Pensioners of the United States, with the sum annually paid for their Pensions. Note. The returns are for the 31st of December in each year. YEARS. Number of Pensioners. Annual sum paid. Rank of the Pensioners. 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 181© 90 93 107 122 148 176 5273 I 43 t 358 1 Dolls. Cts. 6,857 20 7,043 20 8,045 20 9,287 20 11,273 20 13,667 20 21,665 20 5,962 00 32,036 00 2 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 2 Surgeons' mates, 2 Midshipmen, 60 Seamen and 23 Marines. 2 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 2 Surgeons' mates, 2 Midshipmen, 58 Seamen 28 Marines. 1 Captain, 1 Lieutenant, 2 Surgeons' mates, 2 Midshipmen, 69 Seamen, 32 Marines. 3 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 2 Surgeons' mates, 2 Midshipmen, 79 Seamen, 35 Marines. 3 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Sailing-master, 2 Surgeons' mates, 2 Midshipmen, 105 Seamen, 32 Marines. 3 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Sailing-master, 2 Surgeons' mates, 1 Master's mate, 2 Midshipmen, 119 Seamen, 47 Marines. 4 Captains, 1 Lieutenant, 1 Surgeon's mate, 1 Sailing-master, 12 Quarter masters, 2 Masters' mates, 15 Quarter gTinners, 1 Gunner, 1 Armourer, 2 Pursers' stewards, 2 Carpenters' mates, 5 Boatswains, 4 Boatswains' mates, 1 Boatswain's yeoman, 1 Cooper, 1 Sailmaker's mate, 1 Gunner's yeoman, 3 Cooks, 124 able Seamen, 44 ordinary Seamen, 5 Boys, 5 Serjeants of Marines, 4 Corporals, 33 Marines. 7 Captains, 2 Lieutenants, 1 Surgeon's mate, 11 Sailing-mas- ters, 16 Quarter masters, 4 Masters' mates, 23 Quarter gun- ners, 3 Gunners, 2 Armourers, 3 Pursers' stewards, 7 Car- penters' mates, 7 Boatswains, 4 Boatswains' mates, 1 Boat- swain's yeoman, 1 Cooper, 1 Sailing-master^s mate, 2 Sail- makers, 1 Cockswain, 1 Gunner's yeoman, 2 Pilots, 6 Boys, and minor children, 5 Cooks, 151 Seamen, 43 ordinary Sea- men, 4 Serjeants of marines, 4 Corporals of marines. (13) Act 3d March, 1817. t These pensions were granted to widows and orphans, in conformity to the acts of 20th of January 1813, vol. iv. ch. 475; and 4th March, 1814, vol. iv. ch. 608. % Of this number fifty-five were widows and minors. 696 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States, STATEMENT Of the Stocks on the Books of the Treasury to the credit of the Commissioners of the Navy Pension Fund, with interest and reimbursement, which accrued in the year 1817. Reimburse- ment of 6 per Nominal Commencement of Interest and cent, and de- Unredeemed STOCKS. Amount Interest. Reimburse. ferred stocks amoant, 1st of ment, for to 31st De- Januaty, 1818. 1817. cember, 1817. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cto. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Old six per cent. . 39,579 04 1st January, 1817. 3,166 31 37,867 95 1,711 09 Deferred six per cent. . 56,532 23 4,522 56 32,285 99 24,246 24 Three per cent. . 30,895 93 926 88 — 30,895 93 Louisiana six per cent. . 38,000 00 2,280 00 — 38,000 00 Six per cent, loan of 7^ millions 113,314 44 6,798 84 — 113,314 44 Ditto 10 ditto 193,489 35 11,609 36 — 193,489 35 Ditto 6 ditto Ditto — ditto 50,000 00 137,800 00 1st April, 1817. S 9,201 00 — 187,800 00 36,789 44 1st January, 2,207 36 "— 36,789 44 696,400 43 40,712 31 70,153 94 626,246 49 Nominal amount as per statement of 14th January, 1817, Six per cent, stock loan of six millions, entered to credit of the commissioners, on the 1st of October, 1817, carrying interest from 1st of April, 1817, 558,600 43 137,800 00 Nominal amount as above, Dolls. 696,400 43 STATEMENT Of Bank Stock belonging to the Navy Pension Fund, 1st Januaiy, 1818. Nominal Amount. Amount of Cost 626 shares Columbia Bank Stock 700 ditto Washington ditto . 600 ditto Union ditto . Dollars. 62,600 14,000 15,000 Dolls. Cts. 69,102 60 14,260 00 15,340 50 91,600 98,703 10 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. 697 SECTION VI. OF THE MARINE AND NAVY HOSPITALS OF THE UNITE© STATES. In 1798,(*) the master or owner of every vessel of the United States, arriving from a foreign port into any port of the United States, was directed, before such vessel is admitted to an entry, to render to the collector an account of the num- ber of the seamen who were employed on board since the vessel was last entered at any port in the United States, and to pay to the collector at the rate of twenty cents per month, for every seamen so employed; the sums aforesaid, were authorised to be deducted from the wages of the seamen. The enrolled and licensed vessels, employed in the coasting trade, are also liable to the payment of twenty cents per month for every seaman, during the time he has been employed on board. The collectors were directed to make quarterly returns, of the sums reiceived, to the Secretary of the Treasury ; and the President was authorised, out of the monies aforesaid, to provide for the temporary relief of sick or disabled seamen in the hospitals in the ports of the United States, or in such manner as he should direct; provided that the monies collected in any one district should be ex- pended within the same. The surplus, if any, after defraying the expenses afore- said, together with such private donations as should be made for that purpose, were directed to be invested in the stock of the United States, under the direc- tion of the President, and when a sufficient sum should have accumulated, he was authorised to receive cessions or donations of ground or buildings, when necessary, to be erected as hospitals for the accommodation of sick and disabled seamen. The President was authorised to appoint directors, who were called di- rectors of the marine hospital of the United States ; it is their duty to superintend the expenditure of the fund aforesaid, and to direct and govern such hospitals as the President should order to be built in, the several ports. The directors receiv- ed no compensation for their services, and they were required to make annual statements of the expenditures to the Secretary of the Treasury. In 1799,^2) the President was authorised to direct that the monies collected (1) Act 16th July, irQS J vol.iii. ch. 94. (2) Act 2d March, 1799j voLiii. ch., 142. 7 T 698 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. under the act above recited, should be made within the state wherein they have been collected, or within the adjoining states, excepting what should be collect- ed in New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, The Secretary of the Navy was directed to deduct from the pay of each of the officers, seamen and marines of the navy, twenty cents per month, and to pay the same, quarter annually, to the Secretary of the Treasury, to be applied to the purposes mentioned in the act of 16th of July, 1798, concerning sick and disabled seamen. The officers, seamen and marines of the navy, were entitled to the benefits provided, by the act aforesaid, for the seamen of the merchant vessels of the United States. In 1802,^^^ the balance of the monies akeady collected, and such sums as should in future be collected by virtue of the above recited acts, were to con- stitute a general fund, to be used at the discretion of the President, for the be- nefit of sick and disabled American seamen. Fifteen thousand dollare were appropriated for the building of an hospital in the district of Massachusetts. The President was authorised to cause accommodations to be provided for the relief of American seamen, in the port of New-Orleans. All the boats, rafts and flats, belonging to citizens of the United States, which descended the Mississippi river with an intention to proceed to New-Orleans, were directed to pay to the col- lector at Fort Adams, at the rate of twenty cents per month for every person employed on board thereof, and the master was authorised to retain the sum aforesaid from the seamen's wages, and they were considered as seamen of the United States, entitled to the benefits of the acts above mentioned. The Presi- dent was authorised to appoint a director of the marine hospital at New-Orleans. Sick foreign seamen may be admitted into the marine hospitals, whenever it can be done with convenience ; application for their admission must be made by the master of the foreign vessel, and he must also guarantee the payment of seventy-five cents per day for each seaman during his continuance therein. The directors of the marine hospitals were made accountable to the Treasmy for aU monies received by them, and they were allowed a commission at the rate of one per centum for the sums expended by them respectively. In 1810,(*^ the Secretary of the Navy made a report concerning the navy hospitals of the United States. He urged the necessity of separate establishments for the officers and men of the navy, and for those of the merchant service, and pointed out the many disadvantages of placing persons, who were subject to military law in the public service, in hospitals where no such law was recog- (3) Act 3d May, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 311. (4) On the 22d of February, 1810. Of the Naval Establishme7it of the United States. 699 nised ; he further proposed to connect a system of naval education, for the mid- shipmen and the children of disabled seamen, with these establishments. In his Report, it was stated, that 55,649 dollars and 29 cents, had been deducted from the pay of the officers, seamen and maiines of the navy, to be applied to the navy hospital fund; that other sums had also been deducted, and he added, " yet no navy officer, and but very few of the navy seamen have received any benefit from it." In 181 1,(*) navy hospitals were established. The money collected, in virtue of the act of the 2d of March, 1799, was, in future, to be paid to the Secretaries the Navy, Treasury and War Departments, for the time being, who were ap- pointed a board of commissioners of navy hospitals. An additional sum of 50,000 dollars was appropriated, out of the unexpended balance of the marine hospital fund, which was paid to the commissioners, and constituted a fund for navy hospitals. All fines imposed upon the officers, seamen and marines, were directed to be paid to the commissioners of the navy hospitals. The commissioners were directed to procure suitable situations for such hospitals ; one of the establish- ments to be a permanent asylum for disabled and decrepid navy officers, seamen and marines ; and the Secretary of the Navy was directed to prepare the neces- sary rules and regulations for these institutions, and to report them to Congress. One ration per day is allowed to a navy hospital for every officer, seaman and marine, who may be admitted; this allowance is contmued during his stay therein, and is deducted from the account of every such person ; the pensions allowed to persons admitted into the hospital, are paid to the commissioners as long as they remain therein, and the amount is deducted from the accounts of such pensioners. In 18 15,^®) the Secretary of the Navy reported to Congress, that the opera- tions of the commissioners of the navy hospitals, had been suspended during the war; that they had met in 1812, and surveyed the sites in the city of Washing- ton, best adapted for such an hospital. An architect was dkected to prepare a plan for the building, with an estimate of the cost thereof; and the surgeons of the navy had prepared a general system for the organization and internal eco- nomy of the hospital. The Secretary further ^ated, that, the appropriation of 50,000 dollars, made in 1811, " out of the unexpended balance of the marine hospital fund," had not been drawn from the Treasury, and that the amount (5) Act 26th February, 1811; vol. iv. ch. 303. (6) On the 7th of December, 1815. 700 Of the Naval Establishment of the United States. aforesaid, together with the twenty cents per month, deducted from the pay of the officers, seamen and marines, was inadequate to carry into effect the inten- tions of Congress. A STATEMENT Of the Monies collected for the relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen, and the amount expended in relation thereto, from 1802 to 1815, inclusive. YEARS. Monies collected. Monies expended. In 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 Dolls. Cts. 109,954 56 54,933 21 58,210 98 58,005 98 66,820 01 61,474 47 36,515 44 74,192 42 54,309 31 54,586 34 42,421 46 21,789 57 10,280 73 28,374 74 Dolls. Cu. 250 00 31,087 36 84,027 50 59,828 41 53,281 98 65,571 51 60,883 14 70,901 75 36,793 60 57,109 08 57,723 11 53,376 87 45,226 50 43,651 55 Total, 731,869 23 719,212 38 Total amount collected From which deduct amount expended Dolls. 731,869 23 719,212 38 Balance, In addition to the monies received by the collectors for 1813, 1814, and 1815, Congress appropriated 20,000 dollars in aid of the fund for each of these years By which it appears, there is a balance remaining of ... 12,656 85 60,000 00 Dolls. 72,656 85 Note. In Boston and Norfolk, the sick and disabled seamen are accommodated in hospitals belonging to the United States ; in New-York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Savannah, they are received into hos- pitals established by the slate authorities, at from three dollars to four dollars fifty cents per week, for each seaman j in New-Orleans they are received in the hospital of the charity, at the rate of seventy -five cents per day, exclusive of medical attendance, ?Tid they are attended by a surgeon of the government, who is paid 1,000 dollars per annum ; in Providence, (R. I.) and New-London, (Conn.) they are boarded in private houses at the rate of from two dollars fifty cents to eight dollars per week, and are attended by a physician, who also contracts to furnish the whole of them with medicines, for two hundred dollars & year. In other towns they are boarded in private houses at the customary rates. CHAPTER XI. OF THE EXPENDITURES OF THE UNITED STATES. JVo money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of ap- propriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money, shall be published from time to time."^'' By the permanent order of the House of Representatives of the United States, passed on the 30th of December, 1791, the Secretary of the Treasury is required, " to lay before the House of Representatives, on the 4th Monday of October in each year, if Congress shall be then in session, or if not then in session, within the first week of the session next following the said 4th Monday of October, an accurate statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public monies, down to the last day inclusively of the month of December immediately preceding the said 4th Monday of October, distinguishing the amount of the receipts in each state or district, and from each olKicer therein ; in which state- ments shall also be distinguished the expenditures which fall under each head of appropriation, and shall be shown the sums, if any, which remain unexpended, and to be accounted for in the next statement, of each and every of such ap- propriations." The permanent expenditures of the United States, relate either to the current expenses of the government, domestic or foreign, civil and military, or to the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal of the public debt. For a statement of the expenditures, annually incurred, on account of the Cus- toms, whether for the payments made for drawbacks, bounties, allowances, ex- penses attending prosecutions, and the expenses connected with the collection of the revenue derived from the Customs, we refer to the statements already made concerning these subjects. (1) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. ix. cl. vi. 7 U 702 Of the Expenditures of the United States. I. Of the expenditures for the Civil List proper; they include the following branches, viz: a. The Legislative Department, viz : the compensation paid to the members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and to the delegates from the Territories ; the salaries of the Secretary of the Senate, and of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, the salaries of the clerks employed in their ofl&ces, and the salaries of the officers and servants of each house, together with the contingent expenses of the same/*^) b. The Executive Departments, viz : the salaries of the President and Vice President of the United States; the salaries of the Secretaries of the Departments of State,(^) Treasury, War and Navy ; of the Post-Master General, and Assistant Post-Masters General ; of the Comptroller, Auditor and Register of the Treasury ; of the Treasurer of the United States ; of the Commissioner of the General Land Office; of the Commissioner of the Revenue; of the Secretary of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund ; of the Superintendant General of MiMtary Supplies; of the Accountants of the War and Navy Departments; of the Pay- master of the Army, and the salaries of all the clerks and messengers, employed (2) Prior to 1816, each membcT of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and each Delegate from the Territories, was allowed six dollars per day, whilst actually attending in session, and one day's compensation for every twenty miles travelling to and from the seat of government ; and the Speaker of the House of Representatives was allowed twelve dollars per day. By an act passed on the 19th of March, 1816, the former acts concerning the compensation of the members of Congress, &c. were repealed; their compensation was then fixed at 1500 dollars per annum, and the former allowance for travelling was con- tinued; deductions were made for non-attendance, in proportion to the time of absence. By the new regu- lations, the President of the Senate pro-tempore, when there is no Vice-President, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, were each entitled to 3,000 dollars per annum. The act of the 19th of March, 1816, was repealed by that of the 6th of February, 1817. By an act passed on the 22d of January, 1818, the compensation to the members of Congress, and the delegates from the Territories, was fixed at eight dollars per diem, whilst actually attending in session, and eight dollars for every twenty miles of travel to and from the seat of government. The President of the Senate pro-tempore, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, are, each, entitled to eight dollars per diem, in addition to their compensation as members of their respective houses. (3) The origin of the executive departments, except that of State, has been already traced. On the 29th of November, 1775, a committee of secret correspondence was estabj^shed by Congress, to consist of five members ; they were appointed for the sole purpose of corresponding with the friends of the United States in Great Britain, Ireland, and ot^er parts of the world. On the 17t\i of April, 1777, the style of the com- mittee, was altered to that of the committee of foreign affairs, and on the 10th of January, 1781, for ma- naging the foreign affairs of the United States, an office for the department of foreign affairs was established, and the secretary thereof was styled the " Secretary for Foreign Affairs." On the 22d of February, 1782, the chief officer of the department aforesaid, was styled " Secretary of the United States of America for the Department of Foreign Affairs." By an act passed on the 15th of September, 1789, (vol. ii. ch. 14.) the department of foreign affairs was styled the Department of State, and the principal officer was called tiie Secretary of State. Of the Expenditures of the United States. 703 in the several departments aforesaid; together with the contingent expenses of the same. c. The Judiciary of the United States, including the salaries of the Chief Justice and the six Associate Judges of the Supreme Court; of the Attorney General; of the District Judges ; of the Marshals ; of the Chief Justice and two Associate Judges, and the Marshal for the District of Columbia. d. The salaries of the Commissioners of Loans, and of their clerks, and the authorised contingent expenses of their several oifices. e. The expenses incurred on account of the Territories of the United States ; including the salaries paid to the Governors and the Secretaries ; the salaries of the Territorial Judges, and of the Marshals; together with the contingent ex- penses of the offices of the secretaries. /. The expenditures on account of the salaries of the officers of the Mint Establishment. g. The expenditures on account of the Surveying Department, including the salaries of the Surveyor General, of the Surveyors and their clerks. The annual expenditures on account of the Civil List proper, calculated on the average of the ten years, from 1800 to 1809 inclusive, amounted to 675,155 dollars. II. The expenditures under the head of " Miscellaneous Civil," include the payments made on account of pensions, annuities, and grants ; the pensions paid to military invalids ; the sums expended for the copper coinage of the mint, and monies paid for the improvements and repairs of the buildings and machineiy, and for the wages of the workmen employed in the mint establishment ; the expenses attending the light-house and marine hospital establishments; the payments made on account of the public buildings in the city of Washiugtdn, and for the furniture in the President's house ; the monies paid for books for the library of Congress; the expenses incurred for the safe keeping of prisoners of war, and for the enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States ; for the surveys of the coasts of the United States; the payments to the state of Georgia for lands in the Mississippi Territory; the compensations of the asses- sors of the direct tax ; the contingent expenses of the government of the United States ;W the expenses for laying out roads and the surveys of the public lands, (4) By an act passed on the 26th of March, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 31 j the President was authorised to draw ten thousand dollars, from the Treasury, for the purpose of defraying the contingent charges of govern-, ment ; a regular statement and account of the charges aforesaid, is annually laid before Congress at the end of each year. On the 2d of March, 1799, vol. iii. ch. 131 ; twenty thousand dollars were appropriated for 704 Of the Expenditures of the United States. and for ascertaining land titles in Louisiana ; the payments made for demands of unclaimed merchandise; the bounties paid to the owners of private armed vessels, and sundry incidental expenses and payments for miscellaneous claims of individuals. in. The expenditures on account of the ^^Intercourse with Foreign Nations" include all payments made on account of the diplomatic department; the sala-^ ries and outfits of ministers plenipotentiary, and charges des affairs ; the salaries of the secretaries of legation, and of the consuls ; the sums paid to agents, to the bearers of despatches, and sundry contingent and incidental expenses; the mo- nies paid for the relief and protection of American seamen ; the expenses attend- ing prize causes, and such as are incurred in discharging sundry claims on the government ; as well as all expenses on account of the treaties with foreign powers. IV. The expenses on account of the " Intercourse with the Barbary Powers" include all sums expended in giving effect to the treaties concluded with these powers ; the sums paid for annuities ; the salaries allowed to the consuls residing with these powers, and the contingent expenses of their establishments. V. The expenditures on account of the " Military Establishment" include the pay and subsistence of the army ; the expenses attending the recruiting service ; the bounties paid to soldiers ; the sums paid for ordnance, for the hospital de- partment, for camp equipage, for clothing and for procuring arms ; the expenses for arming and equipping the militia ; payments for the services of militia and volunteers ; expenses on account of the Military Academy, of the arsenals and magazines, and for the fortifications of the ports and harbours of the United States ; together with the incidental and contingent expenses of the estabhsh- ment. The expenses on account of the trading houses, and the treaties conclud- ed with the Indians, are also connected with the military department, the purposes aforesaid ; and that amount has been annually appropriated, whenever the balances of farmer appropriations had been carried to the " surplus fund." By an act of the 3d of March, 1795, vol. ii. ch. 286; all the unexpended balances of the appropriations, which remain more than two years after the expiration of the calendar year in which the appropriation was made, were " deemed to have ceased and been determined." These balances are carried to an account on the books of the Treasury, denominated the "surplus fund;" the following were made exceptions to the foregoing rule, viz: the appropriations for the payment of the interest on the funded debt, or for the pay- ment of interest or the reimbursement of loans; appropriations for the sinking fund; or for cases where a larger period, than that above mentioned, may be assigned by law. After the 3d of March, 1818, all the public accounts of the United States were directed to be settled in the Treasury Department; the offices of the Accountants of the War and Navy Departments and of the Superintendent of Military Supplies were abolished, and the mode of settling the public accounts was provid- ed for by the act of the 3d of March, 1817; for particulars on this subject we refer to the act first recited; see also act of the '^^d of March, 1809, vol. iv. ch. 199. The aggregate of the disbursements, on ac- count of the contingent charges above mentioned, during six years, from 1809 to 1814,inclusive, amounted to 13,141 dollars. Of the Expenditures of the United States. 705 In 1796, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; in 1804, two hundred and sixty thousand doUars, and in 1809, forty thousand dollars, were appropriated (exclusive of the sums appropriated for the allowances to agents and clerks,) as a fund to carry on trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes. In 181 1, the sums aforesaid, were continued as a fund for the purposes above mentioned. ^'^ VI. The expenditures on account of the Naval Establishment, include all the payments on account of the pay and subsistence of the officers and men of the navy and marine corps of the United States; the expenses of the recruiting service ; the sums expended for building, purchasing and repairing of vessels, as well as for timber, naval stores, and all the articles used in building and equip- ping vessels ; the salaries and the wages of the persons employed in the navy yards ; together with the sums expended for the navy yards, docks and wharves, and the monies paid for ordnance, salt-petre, sulphur, ^c. ; the salaries of the members and secretary of the Navy Board, and the contingent expenses of the establishment. VII. The expenditures on account of the Public Debt, include all the payments made for the interest due on the several species of stocks standing on the books of the Commissioners of Loans; as well as all the sums paid towards the re- imbursement of the old six per cent. ; the deferred and exchanged six per cent, stocks, ^c. For a more comprehensive view of the expenditures, on account of the public debt, the reader is referred to the chapter on that subject. (5) The following acts may be referred to concerning the trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes, viz: of the 13th of May, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 222; SOth of March, 1802, vol. iii. ch. 273; 2d of March, 1811, vol. iv. ch. 307; 29th of April, 1816, and 3d of March, 1817. 7 X 706 Of the Expenditures of the United States. -2-=5 -. ■^ g el ^" ^ OJ siJ H ■B 12; 1 M S £2: a 0) .§:s H & *o < 2 .S « H p. C/J -91 ^1 ^ 0.2 ^ - u <4-l <<-• cu o o :S ■Sts C4-H R J= o U V -*-> rt^ £3 °i o 2l -3^ o (SS ^-g o xpen stat &c. 1 .ts of E sionallj eneral. ^ 03 o o 5 ft tn C3 >r« ed a bee urve Oi ^^ ■B s The Item of them h rtment of OJ ^ C7> O 00 s ©1 o (35 OOOCTCOlotOlOi-4000 ooKooKoooosKmio OlO'lCT«3©10),TfrHGq©I >OG?0?O0f»OTfd?'.*00CD o 00 CO o 00 1^ o 00 U3 O 00 o 00 o f50?rJ'Tt< Irf W OW_^OO>Ot0K.0»tO0000 »^ CO vT ^ rf 00 ^i GO CO hT ;d Tj^ Tf v? <0 ei 00)>OK.©?©|iOCOOCO 050CDOlO<0©((N>Oi-li-l d»OO5G^O>>o00c0OC0©l OiKrfKKT-HTHOWicoc^ ■*co«d"oo'ioT)<'(d'or«DTHcf oo etooo)(NTt00»^>0«DTti©(00» Tf OOO^OCOOtOrlrHOO-^OCO 0>OG?00^0?O IN 'oolNrftOtnK.O'citoKK.oi m G^ooo«oc5>oooooioO!T)"_ b. bT >0 lO U3 lO of of 00 to to oC K i-T >0 N ©lOOWtSOOr-IOieiTf (N o? CO o 00 g5 o 00 o 00 o o 00 a to CO c? to ooi-iO'-i'*c?ioin©(o OOb->-0>0( OOtOeocot005>r>05000» OOKtOh^WtOOOSCOK OCSOOrf t-.WOCnOli-^'ii JOlOCTtDlOOfln-^tOOO (ft ©)00Ol(NOSTHO(t-IC0 IS CO 0( ©(OOKlOC000>OO'^a>lOtD K t^OOKOWtOOeOtOOtOCO in OOGl©(K»0OTHT(iC0OSOl>000>00»HtOO>K. lOOOS-tOlOlOtNi-ilOOOW COOlCOG?Kr-(tOtOO>«COOCO 0>CJSO>K'-tcoO>cOCS»01'*0(S OOOiOJtOTfCOOOrHMloOJ^Tfb. or-^tDOOOOTrioGftOt-rGfoTbT Ol i-IOlT-l01rH"* i-< 3 to OOOb-OlWTftOOK.cOO't CO OOtOcOCTlOOb^rCOrfoOOJ "O OO00C0OT-(TtocorH o (N i-iQOoqeios'-iN rr i-i g> , ; o o to CO CO OOTCinrfCifNOG^GOOO Tf 00 OOOlt0^O>OV5G0t0^ Oi CO OOb.O(N>0T(<0>lOt-Tf|00 eo O'O'fSOl'^KtOtOOJOOOlTf rf CSKtDKKWtOOcorrK b- K wf 00 CO -i ■* O 0©lKOI050Tl*OOiK.OO -^ O CI OrHO)^000 K to >o OT-icotOi-ib-ooOtOOmlb- -^ rf Oi-ioo©!tjJco(yicoi-(tOoolG^ eo >0 Oi-l01b,CN000005T(n»-rr)<'o? Tf K to « woi(NO!o>iH on to CO Tf 00 05 h o Q 00 in lO o» o o rf to CO 00 CO 05 o o» 11 oT 00 o Q g I o Of the Expenditures of the United States. 707 Jt Statement of the Expenditures of the United States, on account of the Civil List, and of all other Domestic Objects of a dvil nature, other than for the Public Debt, during the four years commencing on the 1st day of April, 1801, and ending on the 31st day of March, 1805. From Ist of From 1st of April, to the January to OBJECTS OP EXPENDITURE. Slst Decem- ber 1801. 1802. 1803. 1804. tlie Slst of March, 1805. Total. DoIU. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolla. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Confess . . . . . 38,783 91 179,945 72 160,849 24 257,526 42 120,694 21 757,799 50 President and Vice President 24,786 88 30,500 00 30,000 00 30,250 00 8,361 12 123,898 00 Department of State <« 11,580 66 20,792 77 23,876 71 26,328 23 6,526 77 89,105 14 Treasury W 75,903 05 93,162 05 86,463 10 85,646 09 25,612 34 366,786 63 War . .' . 22,690 34 24,687 53 25,773 61 22,964 35 8,575 23 104,691 06 Navy 19,407 72 23,995 68 22,226 14 22,538 00 6,233 25 94,400 79 General Post Oifice . 8,936 59 13,101 30 14,905 15 16,895 15 3,900 24 57,738 43 Commissioners of Loans 19,654 22 26,914 64 26,999 95 26,552 16 6,749 21 106,870 18 Territories .... 14,246 01 17,678 11 10,138 92 22,968 84 1,793 10 66,824 98 Judiciary 78,103 32 126,450 05 95,069 82 88,875 67 29,874 48 418,373 34 Permanent Establishments. Lightrhouses and buoys 76,400 62 68,928 85 75,622 16 93,775 82 41,870 55 356,798 00 Marine Hospital W . — 250 00 31,087 36 84,027 50 6,372 99 121,737 85 •Surveys and other expenses relative to public lands W . 12,237 05 18,586 36 22,873 74 31,607 55 7,604 71 92,909 41 Mintfio) 23,251 93 33,890 09 — 33,629 48 6,650 08 97,421 58 Invalid pensions 40,210 00 86,702 85 64,890 00 80,092 80 40,305 12 312,200 77 Civil do 1,020 00 2,187 12 2,104 38 1,247 40 300 00 6,858 90 Miscellaneous and Contingent. Second census .... 42,176 24 21,613 96 1,741 67 577 17 — _ 66,109 04 Quarantine stores — 52,529 96 — 5,962 95 — 58,492 91 Prize money C") .... — 8,696 22 — — — 8,696 22 Furniture for the President's house 7,555 5§ 2,114 90 — 145 17 9,815 62 Books for the library of Congress 296 95 2,000 00 . — 2,220 13 — 4,517 08 Removal of the seat of Government 510 50 — — — — 510 50 City of Washington ('^^ — 55,450 93 57,902 66 112,423 91 65,400 00 291,177 50 Exploring rivers of Louisiana — — 2,500 00 3,000 00 — 5,500 00 Claims and allowances (^'^ . 5,606 89 20,855 93 5,660 43 17,128 26 19,676 90 68,928 41 •Assessment of direct tax . 16,129 69 16,527 00 5,547 00 3,674 64 7,231 45 49,109 78 •Purchase of stamp paper . 7,413 53 1,582 65 — 72 00 — 9,068 18 •Unclaimed merchandise . 34.035 48 4,369 10 606 57 743 84 •^ 39,754 99 Total, Dolls. 580,937 13 953,513 77 767,038 61 1,070,873 53 413,731 75 3,786,094 79 Note. The items marked * are properly speaking charges to and deductions from the proceeds of sales of the pub- lic lands, direct tax, internal duties and customs respectively. (6) Including the printing of the laws, passports and sea letters. (7) Including the office of purveyor of public supplies, and the printing of the public accounts. (8) The expenses of that establishment were not discharged by the Treasury till 1st July, 1802, and as the monies were advanced by the collectors of the customs, the sums above stated are not those actually expended, but the aggregate of the accounts settled at the Treasury each year. (9) Surveys and boards of land commissioners, 69,001 dollars 54 cents; opening roads, 6,000 dollars; Wa- bash saline, 2,562 dollars 60 cents; surveys and boards of commissioners south of Tennessee, 15,345 dollars 27 cents; making a total of 92,909 dollars 41 cents. (10) In this the salaries are included, and the proceeds of the copper coinage deducted, but as in the year 1803, this last item exceeded the whole expenses of the establishment by a sum of 12,177 dollars 66 cents, this deducted from the gross sum of 97,421 dollars 58 cents, leaves for the true expense of the Mint for those four years 85,243 dollars 92 cents. (11) This sum is a repayment to the navy pension fund. (12) For a gaol, 11,702 dollars 66 cents; for the public buildings, 123,000 dollars; and for reimbursement and interest on Maryland loans, 156,474 dollars 84 cents, making 291,177 dollars 50 cents. (13) Paid from the President's contingent fund 1,440 dollars ; from 2,000 dollars annual appropriation, 3,271 dollars 12 cents ; from 4,000 dollars annual appropriation, 9,516 dollars 50 cents ; by virtue of special acts of Con- gress 54,700 dollars 79 cents, making 68,928 dollars 41 cents. 708 Of the Expenditures of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the number of the Officers and Agents, employed in the Civil Department of the United States ; together with their annual compensations. Note. Pursuant to the resolution of Congress, of the Z7th. of April, 1816, the Secretary of State is required to compile and print, once in every two years, a Register of all the OfiScers, civil, military and naval, in the service of the United States. Number employed on Amount of their an- Number employed on IN WHAT BRANCHES EMPLOYED. the 30th Sept. 1816. nual compensation. 30th of Sept. 1817. Dolls. Cts. I. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH, viz. a. Officers of the Senate; Secretary 1 3,000 00 1 Clerks 3 4,800 00 3 Serjeant at arms and door-keeper . 1 1,500 00 1 Deputy door-keeper 1 1,450 00 1 b. Officers of the House of Representatives; Clerk of the house 1 3,000 00 1 Clerks 5 7,800 00 5 Serjeant at arms 1 1,500 00 1 Door-keeper and assistant do .2 2,950 00 2 Messenger 1 350 00 1 Librarian to Congress 1 1,000 00 1 II. EXECUTIVE BRANCH, viz. President of the United States 1 25,000 00 1 Vice President of do. .... vacant 5,000 00 1 In the Department of State, viz. Secretary 1 5,000 00 1 Clerks 9 11,350 00 10 Messengers 3 746 00 3 In the Treasury Department, viz. Secretary 5,000 00 1 Clerks in the office of the Secretary 10,300 00 7 Messengers ditto .... 710 00 2 Comptrollers .... 3,500 00 2 Clerks in the offices of the comptrollers 15 15,756 00 24 410 00 2 Auditors 3,000 00 5 Clerks in the auditors' offices . 15 16.275 00 70 Messengers ditto 410 00 5 Registers 3,000 00 Clerks in the offices of the registers 19 19,039 98 19 Messengers ditto . 500 00 Watchmen for the treasury 600 00 Labourers ditto 300 00 Treasurer of the United States 3,000 00 Clerks in the office of the Treasurer 5,440 00 Messengers in ditto 410 00 Commissioner of Revenue 3,000 00 Clerks in the office of the commissioner 9,400 00 Messengers in ditto . 410 00 Commissioner in the general land office 3,000 00 Clerks in the office of the commissioner . 11 10,850 00 11 Draughtsman in ditto . 1,100 00 Messenger in ditto . 410 00 Of the Expenditures of the United States. 709 Statement of the Civil Department, continued. Number employed on Amount of their an- Number employed on IN WHAT BRANCHES EMPLOYED. the 30th of Sept. 1816. nual Compensation. theSUthofSept. 1817. Dolls. Cts. Department of War, viz* Secretary 1 4,500 00 1 Clerks in the office of the Secretary 14 15,230 00 18 Messengers in ditto 2 710 00 2 Paymaster general 1 2,500 00 1 Clerks in the office of the paymaster general 13 17,735 00 8 Messengers in ditto 1 450 00 1 Accountants ...... 2 4,000 00 — Clerks in the offices of the accountants . 27 27,650 00 — Superintendent general of military supplies 1 3,000 00 — Clerks in the office of ditto 8 7,500 00 — Messengers in ditto 1 BOO 00 — JVavy Department, viz. Secretary 1 4,500 00 1 Clerks in the office of the Secretary 5 7,500 00 5 Messengers in ditto 1 410 00 1 Commissioners of the Navy Board . 3 10,500 00 3 Secretary to the Commissioners 1 2,000 00 1 Clerks to «litto . 3 3,000 00 3 Messenger to ditto . 1 410 00 1 Accountants . ... 1 2,300 00 ^^ Clerks in the office of the accountants 13 14,300 00 Messenger in ditto 1 410 00 — Po^ Offflce Department, viz. • Postmaster general .... 1 3,000 00 1 Assistant postmasters general . 2 3,300 00 2 Clerks in the post office . 20 19,375 00 21 Messengers in ditto 2 660 00 2 Commissioner of claims . 1 2,000 00 1 Clerk to the commissioner 1 1,000 00 1 Superintendent of Indian trade 1 2,000 00 1 Clerks in the office of the superintendent 3 2,500 00 3 Indian agents and sub-agents . — — 25 Transport agents .... 1 400 00 2 Factors __ »— 11 Packer and messenger 1 360 00 1 Clerks — — 1 Territorial Governments, viz. Goveraors 4 8,000 00 4 Secretaries 4 4,000 00 4 Judiciary of the United States, viz. Supreme court. Chief justice .... 1 4,000 00 1 Associate judges 6 21,000 00 6 Attorney general 1 3,000 00 1 Clerk .... 1 fees, &c. 1 District court. Judges .... 23 t 24 Attorneys .... 22 t 23 Marshals .... 22 t 23 Clerks 22 t 22 t Each of the judges of the district court receives an annual salary, which varies from 800 to 3,000 dollars; the atfonies receive from 200 dollars, and fees, to 600 dollars per annum; some of them are com- pensated 7 y 710 Of the Expenditures of the United States. Statement of the Civil Department, continued. IN WHAT BRANCHES EMPLOYED. Number employed on the 30th of Sept. 1816. Amount of their annual Compensation. Number employed on the 30th of Sept 1817. Dolls. Cts. Judiciary, continued. TerritorialJudges 12 14,400 00 8 Attornies .... 3 fees, &c. 3 Marshals .... 3 ditto 3 Foreign Ministers of the United States, viz. Envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary 7 63,000 00 7 Charge des affaires .... • — t Secretaries of legation .... Consuls 5 61 10,000 00 t 6 68 Commissioners of boundaries, under the treat\ rof Ghent ....... 3 13,333 32 3 Agents to the commissioners . 2 6,000 00 2 Officers of the Mint, viz. Director 2,000 00 Treasurer 1,200 00 Chief coiner . 1,500 00 Assayer 1,500 00 Melter and refiner . 1,500 00 1 Engravers 1,800 00 a Clerk . 700 00 ^ Door-keeper and watch 462 00 Carpenter and adjuster 462 00 Melter ■• . 462 00 Annealer . 387 00 Pressmen 2 762 00 2 pensated by the fees only; some of the marshals receive a small salary and fees, others only receive fees; besides the fees some of the clerks of the coarts receive a per diem allowance during the session of the court A charge des affaires is entitled to 4,500 dollars per annum, and the same for an outfit. Ministers pleni- potentiary also receive a year's salary as an outfit; of the consuls in Europe, three are also agents, and re- ceive 2,000 dollars per annum each; the other European consuls receive no salary; those in Barbary, viz: the consul general receives 4,000 dollars per annum, and the consuls 2,000 dollars per annum each. The commissioners of loans received in the aggregate 15,630 dollars, their clerks in the aggregate received 12,195 dollars per annum. No collector of the customs is allowed more than 5,000 dollars per annum; some are paid as low as 150 dollars per annum; others receive a salary and a commission per cent, on the amount received, and some of them only receive a commission on the monies received. The compensations to the surveyors and naval officers vary from 150 to 3000 dollars per annum each. The aggregate compensa- tion paid to the collectors of the direct tax, for 1815, amounted to 299,642 dolls. 44 cts.; this sum included the payments to deputies and clerks. The principal assessors received each 200 dollars per annum, and three dollars for every one hundred taxable persons on their tax lists, besides reasonable expenses for books and stationary; no allowance was made to an assessor when the state assumed the payment of the tax. Each superintendent of a light-house receives two and a half per cent, on the amount of his disbursements. Two of the registers of the land offices receive 200 dollars per annum, and one per cent.; sixteen of them Of the Expenditures of the United States. Hi Statement of the Civil Department, continued. Number employed on Amount of their annual Number employed on IN WHAT BRANCHES EMPLOYED. the 30th of Sept. 1816. Compensation. the 30th of Sept. 1817 Dolls. Cts. Commissioners of loans 15 __ Clerks in the offices of the commissioners 21 — Collectors of the customs .... 99 98 Surveyors of the ports 78 76 Naval officers ...... 14 14 Collectors of direct tax 199 199 Principal assessors of the direct tax 188 — . Superintendents and keepers of light-houses . 67 t 15,640 00 69 Registers and receivers of public monies 36 t 43 Surveyor generals 3 7,000 00 4 Clerks . 6 3,700 00 6 Recorder of land titles 1 500 00 1 Clerk and translator for the land offices . 1 1 doll, per claim Deputy postmasters 3214 t 3,432 Clerks and assistants in post-offices 120 ^^ 144 Contractors for the transportation of the mail . 505 t 483 Superintendent of Washington city 1 1,200 00 — Clerks in the superintendent's office 5 2,500 00 — Commissioner of public buildings . 1 2,000 00 1 Clerk to the commissioner .... 1 1,000 00 _ Messenger to do 1 500 00 — Surveyor of city lots (Washington, D. C.) — — 1 Architect (Washington) .... *^~ "~* 1 receive 500 dollars per annum, and one per cent.— Two of the receivers are paid 200 dollars per annum, and one and a half per cent.j sixteen of them 500 dollars per annum, and one and a half per cent- on the amount received. The deputy postmasters are compensated by commissions on the postages collected, which in no case is allowed to exceed 2000 dollars per annum. The compensation for the transportaticm -of the mail is in proportion to the distance. (t) See note, ante page 709. 712 Of the Expenditures of the United States. t>% ' £_■ cd (^ $1 03 P5 • rs cS 5^; , urpa -C ^ ment eous -1-^ s s- S H ^ c3 -a 03 O H n.ffi S c§ P2 India and < H --S Army ivil Li (U O .^J --N oo -M ^< O « 1i ^ = o SP^ o r-H a 03 03 O s W aiOOCTiCTT^tOOOOKOOlOlnCTOOOOTHOKTfClTfG^tOe! 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Tf HH o ■w iri S J U 1 I 1 1 II M 1 1 IS2S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S '^ ■— ■ ^f^ •» « !§5 p lO 00 •n iS T-( rl •s^ tootoooTfoiooo 0000000 OiOtNKcOTfOOO OOOOOOOT iS u 1 1 I05CTr-iOtOKOOO 1 1 1 IOOOOOOU3 1 1 1 Tt>o s Q TfoOW-^OOKT-ioOi-l 01>>,>o(NOlb-tO I- -O o ,_!,_< ,-1 o< to rr CT t-. oQ-i ^ CX4 1-7 J. >^* a CO O>00CTC00000tOtOb~C0l0i-icn0000i-iO»^TttO»OC0O^V5N.OK00dG^G0O^Tt*r-iaiT^G^i^XG^ IB ^ Tf GqCTit^i£)(f!rt>ooioo'*if>to(ra-Hioir>Ti>©tCToooototOTt' o"^Tfcooi-OG^__TrKO>00KCnOib~ ■^■3 ^ of ooKor-^0?0»0'^^roOcOOOOo'cOTfto'iO-^^-rGf»CbroO i'-s •q m ocr>o>cnCTaic«oi'<5'oOTft^cotoooototoio«criOi(?!«o l^" lO ,Jr-ilOCTW05COGJ^-tflnOK01KcOOKCTOOOOTf05000 _ rHr-TtjfcfrH iHOTcfrHi-T rHT-T-HGfi-T-I'o^KO'*' £S r%,A.^\ ^^ T-H 0^ ^H a)r-r5tOKOOO>0'-iG5CTTja)0)aio>a>ajcioooooooooo"-'-irtrt^,H R.t-f-.KK»^,KKKKoocoooooooooooooooooooooooa)oooo "S a> en CO Q 00 e a >-, ^ g iiCP a u §:< -^ £:> cr* Tl g s OJ &c^ s S Cti -rt U Oi tS ^ •« V a Ph rl »>) ^ £ ca ^ C-( S3 m u v -s T3 3 n g _g Tf +S' r! s n (^ ^ p.oi *1 s- ^ Q ^ T3 ■*^ ^g ;3 F CS -s ■u q= rr ta S3 to t3 o p< Of the Expenditures of the United States. 713 -HT)iotcir-toKCTic05ir!oo c — : « ooQOb^'^coi-*^.OTfio^coy:>oin^^OTfo^G^y3i-'co<^Ci JS-J OOC^O^MCD'-'OO'rtt-GOTfi-lOlOCOOt^OOlnO^lDGl'CCO I'O "o O lO— iO)CT>.-H— COCTOb-O^OOOCDCOKiOOllOClG^O'OCOOO (fl coo^ooiy:>»oo^»oKir)TrotO'o00lGr)CcoCic'2 0G'Oiir> § 0lrHT-i.--itOcoa>CT'o>oaooOi-icotoOiO-*»^>o^KrtiO'*K hJ ■ " ~^ 3 r"^ Q UOOJO— iKcOTf©IOOCT><£)tCi'!fiO'5tcK>nio»ocD»f5yD^^t^Ky:3ooK0500 s »• O OT-ioqO'OO'-iCT io>0'-^co»^0!00©!"0000) 1 o O OCTioOOOOcOrfOl^WKinOJOOCOfNOOQO o 1 1 [ |OTtiKow>o(N«5P:oaioo5»^r-oo50poo 3ri ^ O 1 1 |0!00'-iOTf0?b-«DtOirjC500iO00t^>ot-l-,C'-i >-> O ^-G?b-OT-ioOCOOOOO?'^C"jb^c^T>'— GOr-^CO^^ L. n o CT lob^'^CTOinTroOh^OitDKOi— «toOoa!0>CTa)io"0'-ito ^G^ G^THl-l^H 1-Hl-l^^ 10 CTKOi-lCS^coMi-lc'5CT(S'*tN©!Oli-itO CT^DO>Oi-itO(J!G^,-iCTKtOCT«3tOOOCNi-H;0"OOOi-i ci C0OOC0'f:ai'?t'i-(-^lCr-O^Ki-«3OJ-^00 > s K t^ >o f ^" ^" OO" T-T K CT CT CT KOOTfi-IO»->TfOOOC'5i-OW>OT-(^-HK-<}'000>>0«30? c r-'05rt.-IO!rH,-l,-H->tO— «Oy3Tf« r-l«rHrH©l „- ^- of rH- « OG* »^m-5»<05CO-VWO»^cniOO'*KOOOaiiOOO>q J U OO OlOOCOb-OOOOOOiol^o-^-'toOOOOiCT — --itCO! c — ** OGO l00G?'^'-Ht^i-H(£)-^'-HOC^O^*^t--.00-^CO'OOOO 2 S tfj »^10 1 OU3COCT^OO'-HO)tOCTCTOTfCD«3lO^«DtOOajO a -^ lo Tj^iob-(N'-lO'XJK00'*oioo>oi-~oocnl S 60 OOO O OOOCS^OTOOrtOOOOCT "o ^s ft«s « nnnnnnnnnn H .« a G^OOO Gl OlO^©!CTCO-*^OyDO ■^ lOCJ CT OK'^ TfO^ l-H,-!,-! >— 1 ui C>OCTCDa)COOOClCTi«flOO OO OOOOOOO O s O0000^tDCnc'5O'-i©!OO OO OOOOOOO O ;?; s O00G!WiOCT«3OG!'-iOO lOO MoioOiOiOiOio lO ■> il o Q E_< R tCcot-rcrTf-rirrGiy^ar oTo crT— ^ c^ocTcoKTrirT ^ g 01r-iG!i-i0^iOC0^« G! "OTf tot^0>0 T- tH t— ( i-lG^CO^lnOKOOC750'-^G^COTflOCOt^COGiO^HC7cOTflo 0^0:O^CiCT)C^Oi01050000000000r-iT-iT-HT-H»— (.-H Ki^b^Kk^Kt^t^t^QOOOOOODCOOOOOCOOOaOCOMOOOOCOOO i o Q ■*-> CO CO W o > 00 o u ta <^ o f£ 7 Z 714 Of the Expenditures of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the whole amount paid annually on account of the Revolutionary Government, from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 3lst of December, 1795. For paying Toward discharg- Toward discharg- Bills of Ex- For discharging For discharging ing of certain ing of certain change drawn a claim of Oli- Warrants is- Debts contract- Debts contract- on Commis- ver Pollock, sued by the ed by R. Skin- ed by Timothy sioners at Pa- late Commer- Total. YEARS. Board of Trea- ner, late Com- Pickering. ris, Interest cial Agent at sury. missary of Pri- soners. on Loan Of- fice Certifi- cates. New-Orleans. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. From 4th of March 1789 ? to 31st December 1791$ 157,789 94 38,693 13 1,454 08 3,533 — 201,460 15 1792 33 33 — 2,606 08 582 108,605 02 111,826 S3 1793 — 46 42 2,675 56 — — 2,721 98 1794 — — 162 45 36 — 198 45 1795 "^ — 61 59 -^ •^ 61 59 157,823 27 38,739 55 ' 6,959 86 4,151 108,605 02 316,268 70 Of the Expenditures of the United States. 715 A STATEMENT Of the. aggregate amount of the Receipts and Expenditures at the Treasury of the United States, for each year, from the commencement of the present government, to the year 1814, inclusive; together with the excess of the Receipts over the Expenditures, and the excess of the Expenditures over the Receipts. Amount total Amount total Excess of Receipts Excess of Expendi- YEARS. Eeceired. Expended. over Expenditures. tures over Receipts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. To the end of the year 1791 4,771,342 43 3,797,436 78 973,905 65 — 1792 8,772,458 76 8,962,920 00 — 190,461 24 1793 6,450,195 15 6,479,977 97 — 29,782 82 1794 9.439,855 65 9,041,593 17 398,262 48 — 1795 9,515,758 59 10,151,240 15* — 635,481 56 1796 8,740,329 26 8,367,776 84 372,552 42 — 1797 8,758,780 99 8,625,877 37 132,903 62 — 1798 8,179,170 80 8,583,618 41 — 404,447 61 1799 12,546,813 31 11,002,396 97 1,544,416 34 — 1800 12,413,978 34 11,952,534 12 461,444 22 — 1801 12,945,455 95 12,273,376 94 672,079 01 — 1802 14,995,793 95 13,270,487 31 1,725,306 64 — 1803 11,064,097 63 11,258,983 67 — 194,886 04 1804 11,826,307 38 12,615,113 72 — 788,806 34 1805 13,560,693 20 13,598,309 47 — 37,616 27 1806 15,559,931 07 15,021,196 26 538,734 81 1807 16,398,019 26 11,292,292 99 5,105,726 27 1808 17,060,661 93 16,762,702 04 297,959 89 — 1809 7,773,473 12 13,867,226 30 — 6,093,753 18 1810 12,134,214 28 13,309,994 49 — 1,175,780 21 1811 14,422,634 09 13,592,604 86 830,029 23 1812 22,639,032 76 22,279,121 15 359,911 61 .1^ 1813 40,524,844 95 39,190,520 36 1,334,324 59 1814 34,878,432 28 38,547,915 62 — 3,669,483 34 Total, 333,372,275 13 333,845,217 96 ~ 472,942 83 In 1815/'^) the following views of the receipts and expenditures, during the late war, were laid before Congress, by the Secretary of the Treasury. In his report, the Secretary said, " the progress of expenditure and of revenue, for the entire period of the war, is thus developed ; and independent of the balance of the appropriations for the year 1814, which is transferred to the accounts for the year 1815, the subject may be reduced to the following general abstract:" (7) Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 7th December, 1815. 716 Of the Expenditures of the United States. 1 . The actual Receipts of the Treasury ; In 1812, they amounted to the sum of 1813, 1814, do. do. Aggregate amount of Receipts into the Treasury, for three -) years of war, being the sum of 5 Dolls. Cts. 22,639,0.32 76 40,524,844 95 34,878,432 25 98,042,309 96 Sources of the Receipts abovementioned. 1812. 1813. 1814. Aggregate. From Revenue ... Loans .... Treasury Notes Dolls. Cts. 9,801,^32 76 10,'002,4^00 00 2,835,500 00 Dolls. Cts. 14,340,709 95 20,089,635 00 6,094,500 00 Dolls. Cts. 11,-900,606 25 15,080,546 00 8,297,280 00 Dolls. Cts. 35,642,448 96 45,172,581 00 17,227,280 00 Totals, 22,639^032 76 40,524,844 95 34,6^8,^32 25 98,042,309 96 2. The actual iHsbursements of the Treasury were; Dolls, Cts. In 1S12, 22,279,121 15 1813, 39,190,520 36 1814, Aggregate amount of the disbursements during the three years enutherated 38,547.915 62 100,017,557 13 The Disbnrsements abovementioned. were for Payments on account of the 1812. 1813. WI4. Aggregate. Civil, Diplomatic and Miscellaneous 7 Expense^ of the Government j Military Establishment, including ? the Indian Department y NaVal Establishment Public Debt .... DolU. Cts. 1,791,360 31 12,078,773 24 3,959,365 15 4,449,622 45 Dolls. Cts. -1,833,308 80 19,802,48^ 02 6,446,600 10 'll,10'8,123 44 Dolls. Cts. 2,337,897 13 20,510,238 00 7,312,899 90 8,386,880 59 Dolls. Cts. 5,962,566 24 52,391,499 26 17,718,864 15 23,944,626 48 To al. 22,279,121 15, 39,190,5^0 a6 38,547,915 62 100,01'7,557 13 The aggregate receipts of the Treasury, from the 1st of 9 doIIs. cts. January, 1812, to the 30th of September, 1815, amounted to 3 1 37,4 1 4,30 9 96 And the aggregate disbursements, during the same period 7 433^03880 31 amounted to 5 ' ' Making the excess of the receipts over the expenditures^') 3,710,429 65 (8) Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 7th December, 1815. Of the Expenditures of the United States. 71' GENERAL STATEMENT. The following general Statement of the Receipts into the Treasury, and of the Disbursements from the Trea- sury, from the Sd of March, 1789, to the 31st of March, 1815, inclusive, was laid before Congress on the Z5th of January, 1816. Dolls. Ct9. The receipts from Imports and Tonnage amounted to 222,530,374 56 Ditto Internal Revenue Ditto Direct Taxes . Ditto Ditto Postage of Letters Ditto Sales of Public Lands Ditto Miscellaneous Ditto from Foreign and Domestic Loans 9,016,342 24 4,476,826 53 747,388 40 8,658,369 38 1,590,001 68 247,019,302 79 107.138,184 41 Sum total of Receipts from 3d of March, 1789, to 31st of March, 1815, 354,157,487 20 The Expenditures were as follows, viz. For the pay and subsistence of the Army 88,270,562 85 fortifications of Ports and Harbours 4,374,805 26 fabrication of Cannon 263,611 54 purchase of Salt-petre 150.000 00 additional Arms 300,000 00 arming and equipping the Militia ...... 1,100,000 00 detachment of Militia 170,000 00 services of Militia 2,000,000 00 services of Volunteers 1,000,000 00 Indian Department, Holding treaties, &c. Trading houses 878,313 68 459,726 98 Naval Department, Foreign intercourse, exclusive of Barbary powers, and including the sum of 6,361,000 dollars paid under the convention with Great Britain, of the 8th of January, 1802, and that with France, of the 30th of April, 1803, Barbary powers Civil list Miscellaneous civil To which add the expenditures in relation to tlie payment of the interest and charges on the foreign loans, and principal of the foreign and domestic debt, at the Trea- sury of the United States, and by their commissioners abroad .... And the expenditures on account of the revolutionary government .... 97,628,979 65 1,338,040 66 47,818,303 68 10,678,015 34 2,405.322 40 14,940,695 79 9,909,978 91 The sum total of expenditures from the 3d of March, 1789, to the 3l8t of March, 1815, was Which with the balance in the Treasury on the 31st of March. 1815, as settled at the Treasury . . Make the sum total of receipts as above stated-, 8 A 167,524,588 00 316,268 70 352,560,193 13 1,597,294 07 Dolls. 354.157,487 20 CHAPTER XII. OF THE PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UKITEB STATES. SECTION I. OF THE ORIGIN AND GENERAL PROGRESS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT. "All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and debts contracted, by or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. "^'^ "All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as vaUd against the United States under this Constitu- tion, as under the Confederation."^*^) Congress has power "to borrow money on the credit of the United States."^*) In 1775, when hostilities commenced between the United Colonies and Great Britain, the Americans had no means in a Treasury, nor was there any organized system to direct their resources, in aid of the temporary authorities, established and recognized by the people. The storm of a revolution was approaching ; an army was to be raised, and that could not be effected without an immense ex- penditure of money; much depended upon the virtue, integrity, courage and perseverance of the people ; and their success demanded innumerable individual sacrifices. (1) Articles of Confederation, Art. xii. (2) Constitution of the United States, Art. vi. cl. 1. (3) Constitution of the United States, Art. viii. sect. viii. cl. 2. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 719 The inhabitants of the Colonies were not able to raise by taxes, the sums required to cover the expenses of the war. Congress authorised a paper currency to be issued; loans were obtained from foreigners, and from persons within the United States. The federal government and the states respectively, contracted debts, 1st. In consequence of the loans made to them ; 2d. For services, civil or military ; and 3d. For articles supplied on credit for their use and benefit. In 1783, the debts of the United States, as far as they could be ascertained, Amounted to 42,000,375 dollars, and the annual interest was computed to be 2,415,956 dollars. No provisions had been made for the payment of the interest, nor was there any plan in operation to redeem the principal ; to discharge the principal at once, or in any short period, was declared to be beyond the power of the national resources. (*^ The payment of the interest, was in all cases irregular, and in most instances it was entirely neglected; the arrears thereof, finally made a very considerable proportion of the principal. The government of the United States, had not the power to force the states to adopt any measures in relation to the redemption of the debt; the faith of the government was doubted, and the evidences of the public debt were reduced to about one-eighth of their nominal value. The government under the present Constitution, was deeply impressed with the necessity of making a proper provision for the public creditors ; unless the debts, which had been contracted, should be recognised and effectually provided for, there was no reason to believe that fiiture loans could be obtained, or that any supplies could be had upon the public faith; it was evident, that the pub- lic credit must be restored to ensure the stability of the government. On the 21st of September, 1789, the House of Representatives resolved " that the house considered an adequate provision for the support of the public credit, as a matter of high importance to the national honour and prosperity ;" the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to prepare a plan for the purpose aforesaid, and to report the same to the House at its next session. On the 9th of January, 1790, the Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the public credit, was laid before Congress. He took a general view of the ori- gin of, and the terms upon which the public debt had been contracted ; and he sub- mitted the plans, which he conceived, were the best adapted to restore the credit of the nation. He considered " the capital of the debt of the United States, in the light of an annuity at the rate of six per centum per annum, redeemable at (4) Address to the States bj the United States in Congress assembled, 26th April, 1783. 720 Of the Public Debt of the United States. the pleasure of the government by payment of the principal;" and the amount of the Public Debt was stated as follows, viz : The Foreign Debt,'-^^ \ DoUs. cts. Amount of the principal . . . . N 10,070,307 00 Arrears of interest to the 31st of Decem- ber, 1789 1,640,071 62 Making together 11,710,378 62 The Domestic Debt,^^'> viz : The principal of the liquidated part, bear- ing an interest of six per centum, 27,383,917 74 The arrears of mterest to the 3 1st Decem- ber, 1790 ........ 13,030,168 20 Making together, 40,414,085 94 The unhquidated part of the Domestic Debt, which con- sisted chiefly of the continental biUs of credit, was not ascer- tained, and was estimated at 2,000,000 00 The aggregate of the sums above mentioned, consisting of the Foreign and Domestic Debts, constituted the debt of the United States, and together amounted to 54,124,464 56 The amount of the debt of the individual states, which the Secretary proposed should be assumed by the Union, was not ascertained; he estimated it at 25,000,000 dollars, principal and interest. Dolls. Cts. Amount of the Debt of the United States as above . . . 54,124,464 56 Do. of the debt proposed to be assumed on account of the several states 25,000,000 00 Estimated amount of the Debt in 1790, 79,124,464 56 In 1790,^'^) the public debt was funded; the preamble to the act recited, that " justice and the support of public credit, require that provision should be made (5) The Foreign Debt was due to France, Spain and Holland, for suras borrowed at an interest of four and five per centum per annum. (6) The Domestic Debt was due to individuals in the United States, for monies loaned to the govern- ment, chiefly in the paper currency of the country ; and also for services rendered, and for supplies; and it included the debts due to the army for arrearages of pay, and five years pay given to officers, in com- mutation for the half pay for life. (7) Act 4th of August, 1790; vol. ii. ch. 61. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 721 for fulfilling the engagements of the United States, in respect to their Foreign debt, and for funding their Domestic Debt upon equitable and satisfactory terms." Six hundred thousand dollars, were annually reserved Irom the duties arising from merchandise iiaported into the United States and the tonnage of vessels, or so much thereof as might be appropriated from time to time, towards the support of the government of the United States and their common defence ; and so much of the residue of the duties aforesaid, as might be necessary, was ap- plied to the payment of the interest on the loans made in foreign countries ; and also to the payment of the interest on such further loans as should be obtained for discharging the arrears of interest thereupon, and the whole or any part of the principal thereof The appropriations aforesaid, were to continue until the loans above mentioned should be fully satisfied. The President was authorised to borrow 12,000,000 dollars, solely for the purpose of discharging the arrears of interest, and the instalments of the principal of the Foreign Debt. The United States reserved the right to reimburse any of the sums so borrowed, within fifteen yeai's after the same should have been lent. To make provision for the Domestic Debt, a voluntary loan on the part of the creditors, was indispensable ; and a loan, equal to the full amount of the Domestic Debt, was directed to be proposed. Books for receiving the subscriptions to the loan aforesaid, were opened, at the Treasury of the United States, and by com- missioners in each of the states, on the 1st of October, 1790, and continued open until the 30th of September folio wing.^^^ The sums subscribed, were payable in the certificates, issued for the Domestic Debt, according to their specie value, and computing the interest upon such as bore interest to the 3 1st of December, 1790, inclusively; tlie certificates aforesaid, were of the following descriptions, viz: 1. Those issued by the Register of the Treasury. 2. Those issued by the Commissioners of Loans in the several states, including certificates given pursuant to the act of Congress of the 2d January, 1779, for bills of credit of the several emissions of the 20th of May, 1777, and the llth of April, 1778. 3. Those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of the accounts of the quarter-master, commissaiy, hospital, clothing and marine departments. 4. Those issued by the Commissioners for the adjustment of accounts in the respective states. (8) The period for receiving the subscriptions, was several times extended ; by the act of the 19th of February, 1796, yoI. ii. ch. 296, it was prolonged to the 31st of December, 1797. 8 B 722 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 5. Those issued by the late and present Paymaster General, or commissioner of army accounts. 6. Those issued for the payment of interest, commonly called indents of interest, and 7. The bills of credit issued by the authority of the United States, in Congress assembled, at the rate of one hundred dollars in the said bills, for one dollar in specie. The subscribers to the Domestic Debt, received certificates, purporting that the United States owed to the holder thereof, or his assigns, the sum therein expressed, which was equal to two-thirds of the sum paid in the manner above mentioned, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, and subject to redemption, at the pleasure of the United States, by pay- ments not exceeding in one year, on account of both principal and interest, the proportion of eight dollars, for every hundred dollars mentioned in every such certificate. Each subscriber received another certificate, purporting that the United States owed to the holder thereof, or his assigns, the sum therein ex- pressed, which was equal to the proportion of thirty-three dollars and one-thu-d of a dollar, upon a hundred of the sum subscribed as aforesaid, which, after the year 1800, should bear an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, and subject to redemption in the manner above mentioned. For such sums as were subscribed to the loan aforesaid, and were paid in the interest of the said domestic debt, computed to the 31st day of Decmber, 1790, or in the said certificates, issued in payment of interest, commonly called indents of interest, the subscriber received a certificate, purporting that the United States owed to the holder thereof, or his assigns, the sum specified therein, which was equal to that by him paid as aforesaid, bearing an interest of three per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, subject to redemption by pay- ment of the sum specified therein, whenever provision should be made by law for that purpose. The stocks created in the manner above mentioned, were transferable only on the books of the Treasury, or on those of the Commissioners of loans,^^) upon which the credit of the same should exist at the time of the transfer, unless the Secretary of the Treasury should, by special warrant, otherwise direct. The interest on the stocks created, was payable where the credit of the stock (9) Commissioners were appointed in each state to superintend the subscriptions to the loans above mentioned; it was their duty to issue the certificates, to transfer the credits, &c. In 1817, the office of Commissoner of Loans was abolished, and the duties thereof were transferred to the Bank of the United States. See act 3d March, 1817. Of the Public Debt of the United States. ?28 existed at the time the interest thereon became due. When the interest for one quarter is not demanded before the expiration of a third quarter, it is afterwards demandable only at the Treasury of the United States/*"^ The contracts and rights of such of the creditors of the United States, who did not become subscribers to the loan aforesaid, remained in full force; they were allowed, during the year 1791, an interest equal to that which was payable to subscribing creditors. The holders of unliquidated certificates, to be entitled to said interest, were required to renew their certificates prior to the 1st of June, 1791 ; the new certificates were issued by the Register of the Treasury, and specified the specie amount of those in exchange for which they were given ; they were made transferable as those issued on account of the subscriptions to the loan. To make provision for the debts of the respective states, a loan of 21,500,000 dollars was authorised on behalf of the United States ; the subscriptions were received at the same time, in the same places, and by the persons appointed to receive the, subscriptions to the loan for the Domestic Debt of the United States. The sums subscribed were paid in certificates or notes, which had been issued, prior to the 1st of January, 1790, by the respective states as acknowledgments or evidences of debts due by them respectively, except the certificates which had been issued by the commissioners of army accounts in the state of North Carolina, in 1786. No certificates were receivable, other than such as had been issued for compensations and expenditures, for services or supplies towards the promotion of the revolutionary war, and the defence of the United States. No greater sums than the following were receivable in the certificates of any state, viz : From New-Hampshu'e Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New- York . New-Jersey Pennsylvania Dolls. 300,000 4,000,000 200,000 1,600,000 1,200,000 800,000 2,200,000 Dolls. From Delaware . . . . 200,000 Maryland . . . . 800,000 Virginia . . . . 3,500,000 North Carolina . . 2,400,000 South Carolina . , 4,000,000 Georgia . . . . . 300,000 (10) The quarterly payments of the interest on the Public Debt, are made on the first days of January, April) July and October in every year, at the Bank of the United States and its several branches. 724 Of the Public Debt of the United States. For four-ninths of any sum subscribed to the loan, on account of the debt of the states, assumed by the United States, a certificate was issued, which purported that the United States owed to the holder thereof, or his assigns, the sum ex- pressed therein, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quar- ter yearly, and subject to redemption, in the manner heretofore mentioned, in relation to the six per cent, stocks, created on account of the Domestic Debt of the United States. Another certificate was issued for a sum equal to two-ninths of the sum subscribed, which, after 1800, bore an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, and was redeemable in the manner above mentioned; for the remaining three-ninths, or one-third' of any sum subscribed, a certificate was issued for a sum equal to the said remaining third, bearing an interest of three per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, and redeem- able by payment of the sum specified therein, whenever provision should be made by law for that purpose. The interest, upon the certificates received in payment of the subscriptions to the loan last mentioned, was computed to the 31st of December, 1791 ; the interest upon the stock created by virtue of said loan, accrued from the 1st of January, 1792. Where the whole amount allowed to any state was not subscribed, interest was paid upon the residue in trust, until a settlement of accounts between the United States and the individual states ; and in case a balance should then ap- pear in favour of such state, until provision should be made for said balance. So much of the debt of each state as was subscribed to the loan aforesaid, was made a charge against such state, in account with the United States. The revenues, arising under acts passed during the second session of the first Congress, were pledged for the payment of the interest on the stocks created by virtue of the several loans aforesaid. The faith of the United States was pledged to provide and appropriate such permanent funds, as would make full provision for the payment of the interest of the debt. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 725 A STATEMENT Of the Debt of the United States, Funded agreeably to the act of Congress of the 4th of August, 1790, at the Treasury and the several Loan Offices, from the 1st of October, 1790, to the 30th of September, 1791. Funded Six per cent. Deferred Six per cent. Funded Three per Stock. Stock. cent. Stock. Total Amount. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Treasury 5,184,041 41 2,592,018 72 3,973,865 10 11,749,925 23 New-Hampshire 191,322 44 95,661 22 147,423 35 434,407 01 Massachusetts 2,126,062 40 1,063,034 94 1,984,457 41 5,173,554 75 Rhode Island 279,609 72 139,803 55 179,577 71 598,990 98 Connecticut 461,644 31 230,823 38 342,760 99 1,035,228 68 New-York 2,204,016 07 1,102,012 12 1,643,224 96 4,949,253 15 New-Jersej 472,728 51 236,358 96 271,749 71 980,837 18 Pennsylvania 1,871,455 80 935,730 39 865,216 21 3,672,402 40 Delaware 26,191 19 13,095 64 16,242 75 55,529 58 Maryland 717,818 71 358,903 15 621,188 48 1,697,910 34 Virginia 453,979 69 226,996 35 343,128 22 1,024,104 26 North Carolina 13,064 03 6,531 77 9,398 35 28,994 75 South Carolina 136,366 33 67,682 68 96,060 87 299,109 88 Georgia 40,149 82 20,074 92 37,008 29 97,233 03 14,177,450 43 7,088,727 79 10,531,303 00 31,797,481 22 " The amount of stock funded at the Treasury, to 30th of September, 1791, has been ascertained with accuracy, but at that time many subscriptions had been made which have not yet been adjusted for want of proper powers of attorney and other documents. It is therefore probable, that on settlement of all the loans, the amount will be found somewhat different from what is now represented. "The sums funded at the several loan ofSces, it is presumed, are ascertained with accuracy; but as the loans had not been adjusted in all instances when the returns were made, some immaterial differences will probably hereafter appear." Treasury Department, Register's Office, j 30th September, 1791. 8 C 726 Of the Public Debt of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the Subscriptions to the Loan, payable in Certificates or JVotes issued by the respective States, in tlie several Loan Offices, from the 1st of October, 1790, to the 50th of September, 1791, agreeably to the act passed on the 4th of August, 1790. Amount assu- Remaining Unsub- Subscribed be- Estimate amount of STATES. med by the Amount Subscribed. scribed to complete yond the amount remaining debts act. the amount assumed. assumed. of the States. Dolls. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. New-Hampshire 300,000 242,501 25 57,498 75 100,000 00(a) Massachusetts 4,000,000 4,477,013 81 — 477,013 81 1,838,540 66(6) Rhode Island 200,000 344,259 49 — 144,259 49 349,259 69(c) Connecticut 1,600,000 1,455,331 81 144,668 19 — 458,436 52 (d) New-York 1,200,000 1,028,238 75 171,761 25 — 195,639 79(a) New-Jersey 800,000 599,703 56 200,296 44 — 207,647 78(a) Pennsylvania 2,200,000 675,101 33 1,524,898 67 — 500,000 00(a) Delaware 200,000 53,305 84 146,694 16 — none Maryland 800,000 299,225 40 500,774 60 — 430,000 00(c) Virginia 3,500,000 2,552,510 88 947,429 12 — 1,172,555 25(d) North Carolina 2,400,000 1,666,355 57 733,644 43 — 713,192 30(e) South Carolina 4,000,000 4,634,578 52 — 634,578 52 1,965,756 33(6) Georgia 300,000 300,000 00 — ■"" 400,000 00(/) 21,500,000 18,328,186 21 4,427,665 61 1,255,851 82 8,331,028 32 Notes. 1. The sums marked (o) in the column of remaining debts, are inserted upon recent official com- munications. 2. Those marked (6) are founded upon official statements some time since received, and reported to the House of Representatives on the 9th of January, 1790, adding interest for the subsequent period. 3. Those marked (c) are founded on informal information, but such as is deemed substantially authentic and accurate. The estimate for Rhode Island includes a sum not ascertained, which has been cancelled in consequence of former laws of the state, enjoining the creditors to bring in their certificates and receive payment in paper money, but has been received by a late law of the state, directing the sums paid to be liquidated according to a certain scale, and deducted from the original amount. 4. That marked (d) is founded on a report of a committee of the 11th of November, 1791, to the House of Delegates of Virginia, compared with a former return to the Treasury, and other information. 5. That marked (e) is founded upon a statement of the Comptroller of North Carolina, of May 20th, 1790. 6. That marked (/) is founded on a statement of the Treasurer of Georgia, of 30th of April, 1790, com- pared with other information. 7. The sums expressed in round numbers are not meant to be understood as precisely accurate, but as very near the truth. 8. The foreign as well as the domestic debt of the States is included. Treasury Department, January 23d, 1793. Of the Public. Debt of the United States. 727^ On the 1st of January, 1791, the Public Debt of the United States was as follows, viz : Dolls. Cts. 1. Foreign Debt, 12,812,831 92 2. Domestic Debt, viz: Six per cent, and deferred stocks, 1,143,106 28 Three per cent, stock, 425,911 33 Unfunded debt, 61,081,626 99 Total amount due to individuals, 75,463,476 52 Deduct payments made by the Treasury on account of subsequent years, 293,502 31 Total amount unprovided for, 75,169,974 21 The Foreign Debt was due to France, Spain and HoUand, in the following proportions, viz: Dolls. Cts. The French debt, 7,561,449 42 Spanish do 250,382 50 Dutch do. ... Principal, 4,738,000 Premiums, 263,000 5,001,000 00 Total amount of Foreign Debt as above, DoUs. 12,812,831 92 The debt due to France was discharged by unequal payments made annually from 1791 to 1795, inclusive. The amount of the Spanish debt vv^as increased by the interest thereon for 1791, vv^hich, together with the principal, amounted to 259,083 dollars and 5 cents; it was discharged by payments made in 1792 and 1793. The payments to France and Spain, were made with monies borrowed in Holland, as follows, viz : Dollars. In 1791, 4,065,600 1792, 2,472,400 1793, 524,000 1794, 1,200,000 Together making, 8,262,000 728 Of the Public Debt of the United States. Which, when added to the old debt due to Holland on the 1st of January, 1791, made an aggregate of Dolls. 13,263,000 Of which there was paid, from 1793, to 1806, inclusive, on ac- count of Principal, 11,600,000 Premiums, 243,000 11,843,000 Leaving due on the 31st of December, 1806, Dolls. 1,420,000 which, on that day, constituted the amount of the Foreign Debt of the United States. The whole of the Foreign Debt on the 1st of January, 1796, amounted to 1 1,939,000 doUars, and was due to Holland ; it consisted of the monies borrow- ed during the revolutionary war, and other sums borrowed since the present government of the United States; Dollars. The Principal thereof amounted to 9,400,000 Premiums do. . . . 2,539,000 11,939,000 The Dutch loans bore an interest of four and four and a half per centum per annum, and were payable in unequal annual instalments ; the Foreign Debt of the United States, was completely extinguished in 1810. On the 1st of January, 1791, the Six per cent, stock amounted to Deferred stock do. To which add Higgins' stock, presented in tune, but not funded till 1802 1,266,727 50 Deduct stock passed to the credit of the Sinking Fund, to 31st December, 1790, viz: Dolls. Cts. Six per cent, stock 90,741 99 Deferred do 32,879 23 123,621 22 Dolls. Cts. 844,468 09 422,233 74 1,266,701 83 25 67 Amount of six per cent, and deferred stocks, 1st January, 1791, i, 143, 106 28 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 729 On the 1st of January, 1791, the three per cent, stock amounted to 473,280 79 To which add Higgins' three per cent, stock for arrears of interest, 17 18 473,297 97 Deduct credited the Sinking Fund, 31st December, 1790 . . . 47,386 64 Amount of three per cent stock, 1st January, 1791 425,911 33 On the 1st of January, 1791, the unfunded debt amounted to 61,081,626 dollars and 99 cents, and consisted of: 1st, Loan Office final settlement certificates, con- tinental money, ^c; 2d, Debts due for services and supplies, prior to 1789 ; Sd, Debts due to foreign officers ; 4th, Registered debt ; 5th, State balances ; 6th, As- sumed debt ; and 7th, Beaumarchais' claim. Dolls. Cts. The unfunded debt aforesaid, amounting to 61,081,626 99 was subsequently increased by additions as follows, viz : Dolls. -Gts. By interest on the registered debt for 1798, . . 7,465 07 British debt, per 6 th article of the treaty, con- cluded in 1794,^") 2,664,000 00 Interest on assumed debt for 1791, . . 863,067 77 Interest on states' debt for 1791, 1792, 1793, and 1794, 562,813 44 Interest on foreign officers debt for 1791 and 1792, 22,438 64 4,119,784 92 Making together an aggregate of, Dolls. 65,201,411 91 (11) By the 6th article of the Treaty of 1794, the United States provided for the compensation of British creditors, for losses occasioned by legal impediments to the collection 6f debts contracted prior to the peace of 1783. 8 D 730 Of the Public Debt of the United States. On account of the sum of 65,201,411 dollars and 91 cents, there was paid, in specie and funded stocks, from the 1st of Januaiy, 1791, to the 31st of Decem'- ber, 1806, as follows, viz: 1. For loan office, final settlement and other certificates, includ- ing interest on registered and unregistered debts and conti- nental money . 2. For services and supplies prior to 1789 3. For debts due to foreign officers 4. For registered debt, principal funded . Ditto ditto principal and interest for 1798 5. For states' debt, principal funded Ditto interest funded .... 6. For assumed debt, principal funded Ditto interest funded 7. For British debt, 6th article of the Treaty of 1794 8. For Beaumarchais' claim Amount paid in Fand- ed Stocks. Dolls. Cts. a. 29,262,690 19 e. 10,064,243 01 g. 3,517,584 00 h. 703,516 80 i. 14,890,583 92 it. 3,381,230 82 61,819,848 74 Amount paid in Specie. Dolls. Cts. b. 87,008 60 c. 274,371 50 d. 192,436 65 /. 72,326 30 I. 2,664,000 00 m. 41,119 75 3,331,262 80 Paid for in funded stocks as above Ditto in specie 61,819,848 74 3,331,262 80 To which add amount remaining unpaid on the 1st of January, 1807 . Makes as above, 65,151,111 54 50,300 37 Dolls. 65,201,411 91 a. This amount was funded from 1791 to 1806 inclusive. b. This amount was paid in 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801 and 18(38, by virtue of the 6th section of the act of the 12th of June, 1798, respecting loan office and final settlement certificates. c. Paid in unequal annual instalments from 1791 to 1803 inclusive. d. Paid in 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1802, 1803 and 1805. e. Funded from 1791 to 1798 inclusive. /. Paid from 1799 to 1806 inclusive. g. Funded in 1794. A. Funded in 1794. i. Funded in 1792. k. Funded in 1792. I. Paid in three annual instalments, in 1803, 1804 and 1805. m. Paid in 1806. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 731 The sum of 50,300 dollars and 37 cents of Unfunded debt, remained on the 1st of January, 1807, and consisted of, viz: 1st. Registered Debt, DoUs. cts. Payable in specie 28,848 53 Do. in three per cent, stock .... 8,126 97 29,975 50 2d. Due to Foreign Officers 20,324 87 Making together . . Dolls. 50,300 37 Which was further reduced by subsequent payments to foreign officers, and left the sum of 31,191 dollars and 93 cents, due on the 1st of January, 1817. SECTION II. OF THE PROGRESS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT, AND THE CREATION OF THE SEVERAL^ SPECIES OF STOCKS. The stocks, usually termed the Old six per cent., the Deferred six per cent. and the Three per cent, stocks, were created in virtue of the act of the 4th of August, 1790. The six per cent, and the deferred six per cent, stocks issued, from 1791 to 1798, both inclusive, amounted to 42,598,512 dollars and 48 cents ; of this sum 11,505,172 dollars and 95 cents were reimbursed by annual payments made from 1795 to 1806, both inclusive; 72,084 dollars and 10 cents were paid for lands from 1797 to 1806, both inclusive, and 1,843,747 dollars and 50 cents were purchased, paid for debts and commutation, fi^om the year 1791 to 1806, both inclusive; making the aggregate payments on account of principal from 1791 to 1806, both inclusive, 13,421,004 dollars and 63 cents. From 1791 to 1806, both years inclusive, the three per cent, stock issued, amounted to 19,221,336 dollars and 26 cents; of which sum there was paid for lands, from 1797 to 1806, inclusive, 85,382 dollars and 5 cents; from 1791 732 Of the Public Belt of the United States. to 1800, inclusive, there was purchased, paid for debts and commutation, 542,852 dollars and 28 cents, making an aggregate of 628,234 dollars and 33 cents paid on account of principal from 1791 to 1806, inclusive. By the payment of eight per centum per annum, on the old six per cient. and the deferred six per cent, stocks, authorised by the provisions of the funding act above referred to, 20,076,836 dollars and 67 cents had been reimbursed to the 3lst of December, 1816 ;W leaving, on the 1st of January, 1817, 6,532,355 doUars and 5 cents, as a part of the Public Debt. On the 1st of January, 1817, 1,946,026 dollars and 92 cents, of the old six per cent, and 1,005,179 dollars and 83 cents of the deferred six per cent, stocks, stood to the credit of the Sinking Fund. On the 1st of January, 1817, 16,158,180 dollars and 79 cents, of the thi'ee per cent, stock, remained as a part of the Public Debt ; it is not probable, that this species of the debt will be redeemed, unless it shall undergo some modifi- cation, by the acts of government, with the consent of the creditors. On the 1st of January, 1817, 698,555 dollars and 41 cents, of the three per cent, stock, stood to the crfedit of the Sinking Fund. In 1795,^^) the five and a half and the four and a half per cent, stocks were created. A loan was authorised to be opened at the Treasury, to the fuU amount of the Foreign Debt. The subscriptions were payable " by way of ex- change, in equal sums of the principal of the said Foreign Debt ;" the interest on the sum subscribed, was equal to the rate of interest which was payable on the principal of such part of the Foreign Debt exchanged therefore,^^) with an ad- (!) The reimbursement of the Six per cent. Stock, by the payment of eight per centum per annum, commenced on the 1st of January, 1796, pursuant to the 11th section of the act making fiirther provision for the support of public credit, &c. passed on the 3d of March, 1795 ; vol. ii. ch. 286. The final redemp- tion will take place in 1818, pursuant to a notification of the Secretary of the Treasury. In 1796, (act 28th April, 1796, vol. ii. ch. 310.) the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund were directed to reimburse the six per cent, stock in the manner following, viz : 1st, by dividends to be made on the last days of March, June and September, in every year, from 1796 to 1818, inclusive, at the rate of one and one- half per centum upon the original capital. 2d, By dividends to be made on the last day of December, in every year, from 1796 to 1817, inclusive, at the rate of three and one-half per centum upon the original capital ; and by a dividend to be made on the 31st of December, 1818, of such a sum as will be then ade- quate, according to the contract, for the final redemption thereof. The reimbursement of the deferred six per cent, stock, commenced on the 1st of January, 1802, at the rates and on the days of the months above specified, and will so continue until the 31st of December, 1824, when it will be reimbursed. (2) Act 3d March, 1795, sect. ii. vol. ii. ch. 286. (3) VN^e have already noticed the rate of interest on the Foreign Debt, viz; four and five per centum per annum. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 733 dition of one half per centum per annum, and the principal to be reimburseable at the pleasure of the United States. It had proved inconvenient to the government, to remit the sums required in Europe to pay the interest and the instalments on the principal of the Foreign Debt. To obviate the like in future, the above additional half per centum on the interest of the new loan was proposed; the interest and the principal were pay- able at the Treasury of the United States.^*) France alone accepted these terms, and the certificates issued for the new stocks, were for a balance, which remained due to France on account of monies borrowed during our revolutionary war. The five and an half per cent, stock issued in 1795, amounted to 1,848,900 dollars, of which sum 1,400 dollars were, in 1797, transferred in payment for lands; and 1,847,500 dollars were passed to the credit of the Sinking Fund, in 1806, and thus completed the reimbursement. The certificates issued in 1795, for the four and an half per cent, stock, amounted to 176,000 dollars; they were reimbursed in 1807, and passed to the credit of the Sinking Fund. In 1796,('^ the ^'- Six per cent, stock of 1796" was created, and certificates issued therefor. The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund were authorised to borrow five millions of dollars, to be applied to the payment of the principal of any parts of the debt of the United States then due, or which should become due in the year 1796, to the Bank of the United States, or to the Bank of New- York, or for any instalment of foreign debt. This stock bears an interest of six per cent, per annum; the principal is irredeemable until the close of 1819, and thereafter at the pleasure of the United States. Only eighty thousand dollars were subscribed to this loan ; and this amount now constitutes a part of the debt of the United States. In 1798,^^) the " Navy six per cent, stock" was created. The President was authorised to receive into the public service such armed vessels as might be offered on credit by any persons, for which certificates of stock, bearing an in- terest of six per cent, per annum, were issued ; the principal was redeemable at the pleasure of the United States. In 1799, certificates, amounting to 711,700 (4) To meet their engagements in Europe, the government was liable to all the fluctuations which at- tend commercial transactions ; though they sometimes gained on the remittances, they often lost consider- able sums in the rate of exchange and protested bills returned. In 1816, the gain in exchange, on remit- tances, from London to Amsterdam, amounted to 18,688 dollars and 67 cents ; in the same year, there was a loss in exchange on remittances from America to Europe, which amounted to 75,446 dollars and 95 cents. In 1817, the gain on remittances, amounted to 1,379 dollars and 80 cents ; and in the same year 135,072 dollars and 52 cents, of protested bills, were returned for non-payment. See Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, dated 7th February, 1818; p. 5, 6, 9 and 37. (5) Act 31st May, 1796; vol. ii. ch. 338. (6) Act 30th June, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 81. 8 E 734 Of the Public Debt of the United States. dollars, were issued for the loans aforesaid; and the stock, in 1806, was passed to the credit of the Sinking Fund. In 1798,(''> the Eight pej' cent, sfoc^ was created. The President was authorised to borrow five millions of dollars, upon terms most advantageous to the United States ; the principal to be reimburseable at any time after the expiration of fifteen years from the date of the loan. The sums borrowed were applicable to- make up any deficiency in any appropriation which had been, or such as should be authorised, during the session of Congress, and also to defray the expenses of raismg, equipping and calling into actual service, the militia, volimteers and regular troops. Eight per centum per annum was allowed, for the sums subscribed to this loan; the surplus of the duties on imports and tonnage was pledged for the payment of the interest, and the redemption of the principal thereof. In 1800,(*) three millions and five hundred thousand dollars, were authorised to be borrowed, upon terms the most advantageous to the United States ; of the sum aforesaid, only one million four hundred and eighty-two thousand dollars were subscribed, at the rate of eight per centum per annum ; the principal was reimburseable at any time after the expiration of fifteen years from the date of the loan; the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal of this loan, were secured by a pledge of the surplus of duties on imports and tonnage. The certificates for the eight per cent, stocks aforesaid, were issued, viz: Dolls. In 1799, for 5,000,000 1800, for 1,481,700 Making a total of 6,481,700 From 1801 to 1806, inclusive, 119,300 dollars of eight per cent, stock, was paid for lands. The eight percent, stocks were reimbursed in 1808; six millions four hundred and eighty-two thousand and five hundred doUars,^^) on the 3 1st of December, 1816, stood to the credit of the Sinking Fund. In 1803,^^°^ the Louisiana six per cent, stock was created, for the payment of the province of Louisiana, purchased fi-om the government of France. To carry into effect the coiivention concluded between the United States and the French Republic, on the 30th of April, 1803, certificates of stock were issued, from the Treasury of the United States, in favour of the French Republic, for eleven (7) Act July 16th, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 96. (8) Act 7th May, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 196. (9) This amount exceeds that of the eight per cent, stock returned in the statement of the Public Debt, and is owing to the sum of 800 dollars having been twice funded. (10) Act 10th November, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 355. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 735 millions two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; bearing an interest of six per centum per annum. The interest on this stock was payable in London, at the rate of four shillings and six pence sterling per doUar ; and in Amsterdam, at the rate of two and a half guilders per dollar. The principal was made reimburseable in four equal annual instalments, the first payable in 1818, and the last in 1821.(") The convention above referred to, provided that " the principal of the said stock be reimbursed at the Treasury of the United States, in annual payments of not less than three millions of dollars each ; of which the first payment shall com- mence fifteen years after the date of the exchange of ratifications." By this contract the first instalment of the Louisiana debt will be payable on the 1st of October, 1818; on that day, the state of the Treasury would admit of the pay- ment of the whole of this debt, but our government is under the obligation to discharge it by at least two annual payments ; and the Secretary of the Treasury contemplates the final reimbursement thereof, on the 21st of October, 1819.^'^) On the 3 1st of December, 1816, the Sinking Fund stood credited with three hundred and twenty-six thousand five hundred dollars of the Louisiana six per cent, stock; on the 1st of January, 1817, ten millions nine hundred and twenty- three thousand five hundred dollars, of that stock, constituted a part of the debt of the United States. In 1803, certain claims of American citizens, against the French republic, were recognised,^*^^ for debts due to them by France, contracted before the 30th of September, 1800. The claims were assumed by the government of the United States, pursuant to the provisions of the convention above refen-ed to ; the debts assumed, together with the interest thereon, were not to exceed twenty millions of francs, and were to be discharged by orders drawn by the minister of the United States, in Paris, on the Treasury of the United States, payable sixty days after possession should have been given of Louisiana. The preceding arrange- ment included no debts but such as were due to citizens of the United States, who were creditors of France, for supplies, for embargoes, and for prizes made at sea, in which the appeal had been properly lodged. Six per centum per an- (11) The act of the 10th of November, 1803, vol. iii, ch. 355, provided for the payment of this debt in four equal annual instalments, aud also authorised the Secretary of the Treasury to shorten the periods fixed by the convention for its reimbursement. (12) Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 5th December, ISir. On the 28th of April, 1818, the Secretary of the Treasury notified the proprietors of the Louisiana Stock, that one moiety of the prin- cipal would be redeemed on the 21st of October, 1818, at the Treasury in Washington, or at the Loan Of- fices on the books where6f the stock may then stand. (13) See convention concluded at Paris, between the United States and the French Republic, on the 30th of April, 1803 ; also, act of Congress ot the 10th of November, 1803, vol. iii. ch. 356. 736 Of the Public Debt of the United States. num for interest was allowed; to commence from the periods when the ac- counts and vouchers were presented to the French government. In 1804, 3,750,000 dollars, assumed as aforesaid, made a part of the debt of the United States ; payments were made on account of this debt in every subsequent year to 1816, inclusive, which, in the aggregate, amounted to 3,706,131 dollars and 96 cents; on the 1st of January, 1817, 43,868 dollars and 4 cents remained as a part of the Public Debt. The following Statement exhibits a view of the Evidences of the Public Debt of the United States, owned by Creditors within the United States and in Foreign countries, on the 30th of June, 1803. STOCKS. Within the United States. In Foreign Countries. By States. 6y incorpo- rated Bodies. By Domestic Individuals. Total within the United States. By the English. By the Dutch. By all other Foreigners. Total hy Foreigner*. 6 per cent. 3 ditto 6 do. deferred 8 per cent. 5^ ditto ^ ditto Navy 6 do. Dollars. 2,306,253 1,728,126 1,558,084 14,100 2,000 Dollars. 5,818,798 1,028,929 1,563,669 1,249,100 204,600 108,200 123,100 Dollars. 8,448,316 5,086,091 3,869,198 3,975,800 372,300 17,200 561,700 Dollars. 16,573,367 7,843,146 6,990,951 5,239,000 576,900 125,400 686,800 Dollars. 3,447,672 6,663,371 4,207,053 787,500 727,500 41,600 8,100 Dollars. 7,285,592 3,902,307 1,903,718 136,200 445,700 9,000 11,400 Dollars. 928,951 663,868 546,075 303,900 97,400 2,300 Dollars. 11,662,217 11,229,546 6,656,847 1,227,600 1,270,600 50,600 21,800 Total, 5,608,563 10,096,396 22,330,605 38,035,564 15,882,796 13,693,917 2,542,494 32,119,210 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 737 STATEMENT Of the Public Debt of the United States, June, 1803, exhibiting the JVumber of the Stockholders in the States respectively, and the amount of the Dividends. This statement does not include the Stocks passed to the credit of the Sinking Fund. Total amount of Dividend on all the Number of United ON WHAT BOOKS. Stocks oa the Stocks for one States Stockholders. several Books. year. Dollars. Dollars. Treasury, United States .... 25,399,862 1,613,678 2,152 New-Hampsliire 501,658 31,996 171 •Massachusetts . > 11,537.080 785,036 4,199 Rhode Island 827,375 55,181 471 Connecticut 1,692,051 113,484 710 New-York 11,732,132 770,155 ■ 2,204 New-Jersey 442,729 29,591 212 Pennsylvania 12,854,712 848,665 2,746 Helaware 173,439 11,997 46 Maryland 1,023,217 61,210 157 Virginia 969,173 62,876 376 North Carolina 123,818 7,840 43 South Carolina 2,767,204 188,618 727 Georgia . 110,324 8,294 22 70,154,774 4,590,628 14,236 In 1806, the evidences of the Public Debt were much sought after, and very few persons were inclined to dispose of them; only 17,517 dollars and 61 cents were offered at the rates fixed by law, for the purchases on account of the Sinking Fund. The Secretary of the Treasury said,^^*^ " all the species of debt, on which the entire appropriation of 8,000,000 dollars could operate, wiU have been reimbursed prior to 1809." To promote the more rapid discbarge of the re- maining debt, it was proposed, that some modification of the original contract should take place with the consent of the creditors ; the plan of the Secretary was to convert the old six per cent., the deferi-ed six per cent, and the three per cent, stocks, into a common six per cent, stock, redeemable at the pleasure of the United States. If this plan had been completely carried into effect, the debt, consisting of the stocks above enumerated, would have been reimbursed within a period of seven years, by the operation of the annual appropriation of 8,000,000 doUars, besides paying the interest on the Louisiana debt; and after the year 1815, no incumbrance would have remained on the revenue, other than the interest and reimbursement of the Louisiana stock. (14) Annual Treasury Report, 5th December, 1806. 8 F 738 Of the Public Debt of the United States. In 1806, about 14,000,000 dollars of the unredeemed amount of the six per cent, and the deferred six per cent, stocks, were owned in Europe, viz: in En- gland, Holland, ^c; at the same time, more than 11,000,000 dollars of the three per cent, stock, were owned as aforesaid.^") In 1807,^*^^ the exchanged and converted six per ce?it. stocks were created, to adapt the nature of the provision for the redemption of the public debt to the circumstances of the United States. A subscription to the fuU amount of the old six per cent., the deferred six per cent, and the three per cent, stocks was proposed, in the form of a voluntary subscription on the part of the credi- tors of the United States. For this purpose, books were opened, from the 1st of July, 1807, to the 17th of March, 1808, at the Treasury, and by the several com- missioners of loans. For the sums subscribed in the six per cent, stocks above mentioned, credits were entered to the subscribers, for which they received cer- tificates, purporting that the United States owed to the holders thereof, or their assigns, the sum expressed therein, which was equal to the amount of the princi- pal of the stock subscribed, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, pay- able quarter yearly, and transferable in the manner prescribed for the transfer of such of the stock as had been subscribed, and subject to redemption at the plea- sure of the United States, No single certificate was issued for an amount greater than ten thousand dollars ; and reimbursements could not be made, except for the whole amount of such certificate, nor till after six months pubhc notice of such intended reimbursement. For the sums subscribed in the three per cent, stock, credits were entered, and certificates issued, purporting that the United States owed to the holders thereof, or their assigns, the sum expressed therein, which was equal to sixty-five per centum of the amount of the principal of the stock subscribed, bearing an mte- rest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly, transferable and sub- ject to redemption, in the manner and under the regulations and restrictions as the stock created for subscriptions made in the six per cent, stocks aforesaid. It was also provided, that the new stock issued, for the three per cent, stock sub- scribed, should not be reimburseable without the assent of the holders thereof, until after the whole of the eight per cent, and four and a half per cent, stocks, and all the new six per cent, stock created in exchange for the old ^x per cent, stocks subscribed as above mentioned, should be redeemed. The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund were authorised to appoint agents in London and Amsterdam, to receive subscriptions and to issue certificates there- (15) The three per cent, stock was worth sixty per cent, of its nominal amount, when six per cents were at par in the market. (16) Act 11th February, 1807; vol. iv. ch. 67". Of the Public Debt of the United States. 739 for in the manner prescribed for the commissioners of loans in the United States. The residents in Europe, who became subscribers, were entitled to receive their interest on the new stock in London, at the rate of four shiUings and six pence sterling per dollar ; or at Amsterdam, at the rate of two and a half guilders per dollar ; the interest payable in Europe, was not payable until the expiration of six calendar months from the day on which the same would have been payable in the United States, and it was subject to a deduction of one half of one per cent, on the amount payable, for commission to the bankers paying the same. The funds before pledged, remained pledged for the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal of the new stock. The commissioners of the Sinking Fund were authorised to apply, from time to time, such sums, out of the said fund, as they should think proper for the redemption of the principal of the stock aforesaid; and the annual sum of 8,000,000 dollars, remained ap- propriated to the payment of the interest and the redemption of the Public Debt, until the whole of the stock created as aforesaid, should be reimbursed. The certificates issued for the subscriptions made in the unredeemed six per cent, and deferred six per cent, stocks, constitute the exchanged six per cent. stock; and those issued for the subscriptions made in the three per cent, stock, constitute the converted six per cent, stock. The amount of old stock surrendered was as follows, viz: six per cent, stock, 7,435,767 doUars and 6i cents; deferred six per cent, stock, 1,940,672 dollars and 1 cent, and three per cent, stock, 2,86 1, 309 dollars, and 15 cents. For the stocks aforesaid, the following new stocks were issued, viz : exchanged in lieu of six per cent, and deferred six per cent, stocks, 6,294,051 doUars and 12 cents; and converted in lieu of three per cent, stock, 1,859,850 dollars and 70 cents. In the sums above stated as surrendered and issued, the following amounts of old stocks surrendered to, and new stocks issued by, the agents ap- pointed at London and Amsterdam, are included, viz : \ \ AGENTS IN Amount of Old Stock surrendered. .Smount of JVew Stock issued. Six per cent. Stock Deferred Six per cent. Stock Three per cent. Stock Exchanged in lien of Six per cent, and De- ferred Stocks Converted in lieu of Three pqi- cent. Stock London Amsterdam Dolls. Cts. 128,005 79 21.568 04 Dolls. Cts. 57,115 72 32,269 35 Dolls. Cts. 659,270 28 55,337 07 Dolls. Cts. 127,728 70 40,736 20 Dolls. Cts. 428,525 65 35,969 09 Total, 149,573 83 89,385 07 714,607 35 168,464 90 464,494 74 740 Of the Public Debt of the United States. , The reimbursement of the exchanged six per cent, stock, was completed in 1810; that of the converted six per cent, stock, in 1812. On the 3 1st of De- cember, 1816, 6,294,051 dollars and 12 cents of the exchanged, and 1,859,850 dollars and 70 cents of the converted six per cent, stocks, stood to the credit of the Sinking Fmid. In 181 2,(*'') books were opened on the 1st of October at the Treasury, and by the several commissioners of loans, to receive subscriptions to the full amount of the unredeemed old six and deferred six per cent, stocks. For the sums sub- scribed, the subscriber received a certificate, purporting that the United States owed to him, or his assigns, the sum expressed therein, equal to the unredeem- ed amount of the principal of the six per cent, stocks subscribed, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly. The new stock created, is subject to redemption, at the pleasure of the United States, at any time after the 31st of December, 1824. The funds already pledged, remained pledged for the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal of the new stock, which was made a charge on the Sinking Fund.' The new certificates issued, constitute the exchanged six per cent, stock of_ 1812, amounting to 2,984,746 dollars and 72 cents, and now make a part of the Public Debt. In the same year, the '•^six per cent, stock of 1812" was created. ^"> The Pre- sident was authorised to borrow 11,000,000 dollars, and to cause certificates of stock to be issued therefor, bearing an interest not exceeding six per cent, per annum, payable quarter yearly; the principal is reimburseable at any time after the expiration of twelve years, from the 1st of January, 1813. The payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal were made charges on the Sinking Fund. The funded debt, contracted in virtue of the act above referred to, amoimted to 8,134,700 dollars, of which sum 324,000 dollars stood to the credit of the Sinking Fund, on the 3lst of December, 1816; leaving 7,810,500 doUars, as a part of the public debt, on the 1st of January, 1817. The sums, not mcluded in the amount above mentioned, though they were also obtained in virtue of the act of I4th March, 1812, were subscribed by several banks on special contracts, and constituted the temporary loans of 1812. In 18 13,^^') the ^^ six per cent, stock o/1813" was created. Sixteen millions of (17) Act 6th July, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 458. (18) Act 14th March, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 459. (19) Act 8th February, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 486. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 741 dollars were authorised to be borrowed ; the rate of the interest was not specified ; the principal was to be reimburseable at any time after the expiration of twelve years fi-om the 1st of January, 1814. The President was authorised "to cause to be sold the whole or any part of the certificates of stock issued for the sums to be borrowed." The payment of the interest, and the redemption of the principal of this loan, are charged upon the Sinking Fund. Six per cent, stock, amounting to 18,109,377 dollars and 41 cents, was issued for the sums borrowed in virtue of the act above referred to; 100 dollars in stock, was given for every 88 dollars subscribed, and the principal of the stock is not redeemable before the year 1826, The President was authorised to borrow, not exceeding 7,500,000 dollars ;^^°) to be reimburseable at any time after the expiration of twelve years, from the 1st of January, 1814. The certificates of stock for the sum aforesaid, were authorised to be sold at a rate not less than eighty-eight per centum, or eighty- eight dollars in money for one hundred dollars in stock. The payment of the interest, and the redemption of the principal of this debt, are charged upon the Sinking Fund; the sums borrowed, were obtained at the rate of eighty-eight doUars and twenty-five cents in money, for one hundred dollars in six per cent, stock, irredeemable before 1826. The six per cent, stock of 1813 now created, amounted to 8,498,581 dollars and 95 cents, which, added to that issued under the authority of the act of 8th of February, 1813, constitutes an aggregate of 26,607,959 dollars and 38 cents, being the unredeemed amount of the "six per cent stock of 1813," on the 1st of January, 1817. In 1814,^^'^ the ""sia; per cent, stock of 1814" was created; 25,000,000 dollars were authorised to be borrowed ; the sums loaned were to be reimburse- able at any time after the expiration of twelve years from the 3 1st of December, 1814. The President was authorised to cause the certificates for the stock created in virtue of this act, to be sold. The payment of the interest, and the redemption of the principal of this debt, are charged upon the Sinking Fund. In virtue of the act above referred to, six per cent, stock, amounting in the aggregate to 15,661,818 dollars and 54 cents, was issued for sums borrowed as parts of the 25,000,000 dollars aforesaid, under the loans termed the ten million, and six million loans, which were obtained at different rates, as follows, viz : Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 12,292,888 90 at 80 per cent, stock, 15,366,111 21 140,810 00 at 85 do. 165,658 82 43,222 22 at 90| do. 47,627 79 74,590 75 at 90^ do. 82,420 72 12,551,511 87 15,661,818 54 (20) Act 2d August, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 579. (21) Act 24th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 617. 8 G 742 Of the Public Debt of the United States. The President was authorised to borrow 3,000,000 dollars ;(22) to be reimburse- able at any time after the expiration of twelve years, from the 3 1st of December, 1814. The certificates, for the stock now created, were authorised to be sold; the six per cent, stock issued, in virtue of the act just recited, amounted to 252,801 dollars and 31 cents, which, when added to the sum of 15,661,818 dol- lars and 54 cents above mentioned, makes the aggregate of 15,954,619 dollars and 85 cents of the " six per cent, stock of 1814," constituting a part of the Public Debt, on the 1st of January, 1817, and is not redeemable before the 1st of January, 1827. In 181 5, (^'^^ seven per cent, stock was created. Treasury Notes, not toe x- ceed 25,000,000 dollars, were authorised to be issued. Such of the notes, as were of a denomination less than one hundred dollars, bore no interest; the holders were allowed to present them at any time, in suras not less than one hundred dollars, to the Treasury of the United States, or to any commis- sioner of loans, and to receive therefor the amount thereof in certificates of funded stock, bearing an interest of seven per centum per annum, payable quar- ter yearly. In virtue of the act above referred to, the six per cent. Treasury JVote Stock was created. Such of the Treasury Notes as were of a denomination of one hun- dred dollars or upwards, bore an interest of five and two-fifths per centum per annum; the holders thereof were allowed to present them in the manner aforesaid, and to receive therefor certificates of funded stock, in amount equal to that of the notes presented, including the interest due thereon, bearing an interest of six per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly. The seven and six per cent, stocks, created by the exchange of Treasury Notes, may be reimbursed at any time after the 31st of December, 1824, and were charged upon such funds as had been or should be established by law for the payment and reimbursement of the fimded public debt, contracted since the det claration of the war against Great Britain. On the 1st of January, 1817, 8,856,960 dollars of the seven per cent, stock, and 60,834 dollars and 2 cents of the six per cent. Treasury Note stock, constituted a part of the Pubhc Debt. In the same year, " the six per cent, stock of 1815 was created."^^) The President was autho- rised to borrow not exceeding 18,452,800 dollars. Certificates of stock were to be issued therefor, which might be sold. Such Treasury Notes as had been issued before the passing of this act, and were charged upon the Sinking Fund,, (22) Act 15th November, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 686. (23_) Act 24th February, 1815; vol. iv. oh. 738." (24) Act 3cl March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 768. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 743 were receivable in payment of subscriptions to this loan. This stock is reimburse- able at any time after the 3 1st day of December, 1815; the payment of the in- terest and the redemption of the principal are charged upon the Sinking Fund. On the 1st of January, 1817, 12,288,149 dollars and 64 cents of this stock con- stituted a part of the Public Debt. The sum of 9,745,745 dollars and 53 cents, of the six per cent, stock of 1815, were obtained at the rates following, viz : Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts, 7,924,219 59 at 95 per cent. stock. 8,341,283 77 1,047,846 30 at 96^ do. 1,085,851 08 32,978 49 at 97 do. 33,998 44 375,000 00 at 98 do. 280,612 24 4,000 00 at par 4,000 00 9,284,044 38 9,745,745 53 In 1816,^^'^ the five per cent, stock was created. The Secretary of the Trea- sury was directed to subscribe for seventy thousand shares of the capital stock of the Bank of the United States, amounting to 7,000,000 dollars, which was paid for in stock, bearing an interest of five per centum per annum, payable quarter yearly; the pi-incipal thereof is reimburseable at the pleasure of the United States. The evidences of the Public Debt of the United States, are usually bought and sold through the agency of brokers, who, as a commission, receive one quarter per cent, on the amount bought and sold. The seller certifies by his endorse- ment on the certificate, the amount to be transferred to A. B., for value receiv- ed ; the certificate so endorsed, is deposited in the Loan Office, where it stands ,to the credit of the holder; a new certificate is there issued, in the name of the assignee, with which he is credited on the books of said office ; if any balance remains in favour of the assignor, a new certificate is made out, in his name, for the amount thereof The books in the offices are closed fifteen days immedi- ately preceding each quarterly payment of the interest, during which time no transfers can be made; the transfers are made free of expense. (25) Act 10th April, 1816. 744 Of the Public Debt of the United States. SECTION III. OF THE TEMPORARY LOANS. Temporary Loans were authorised, in anticipation of the revenue, and for the subscription to the late Bank of the United States. The sums received, prior to 1813, were advanced by the late Bank of the United States, except 200,000 dollars obtained from the Bank of New-York. The following statement exhibits the sums borrowed and repaid. YEARS. Amount Borrowed. Amount Discharged. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1792 2,556,595 56 -^i. 17-93 600,000 00 756,595 56 1794 3.400,000 00 1,300,000 00 1795 3,300,000 00 1,600,000 00 1796 320,000 00 1,400,000 00 1797 — 1,280,000 00 1798 200,000 00 200,000 00 1799 — 200,000 00 1800 — 200,000 00 1801 — 700,000 00 1802 — 1.290,000 00 1803 — 500,000 00 1804 — 250,000 00 1805 ~~ 700,000 00 10,376,595 56 10,376,595 56 The Temporary Loans, obtained in 1813 and the subsequent years, were sup- plied chiefly from the banks in the several states. Five hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars of this species of debt remained unpaid on the 1st of January, 1817; of this sum 500,000 dollars were due to the Bank of the United States, and 50,000 dollars to the Cumberland Bank in the District of Maine, and were paid prior to the 1st of October, 1817. In the course of the year 1817, all the Temporary Loans were discharged.^*) (1) Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, 7th February, 1818, p. 9'. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 745 SECTION IV. OF THE TREASURY NOTES. In 1812,^') Treasury Notes, amounting to 5,000,000 dollars, were authorised to be issued; they bore an interest at the rate of five and two-fifths per centum per annum, and were reimburseable one year after the day on which they were issued; the payment of the interest and the reimbursement of the principal were charged upon the Sinking Fund. These notes were receivable in payments for duties, taxes, and public lands. In 1813,(^) 10,000,000 dollars, in Treasury Notes, were authorised to be issued; 5,000,000 dollars thereof were to be in part of the sum of 16,000,000 dollars, authorised to be borrowed in virtue of an act passed on the 8th of Fe- bruary, 1813. The rate of the interest and the reimbursement of the principal of the notes, now authorised, were the same as provided for those of 1812. These notes were also charged upon the Sinking Fund. In 18 14,^^) Treasury Notes, amounting in the whole to 10,000,000 dollars, were authorised to be issued; of the sum aforesaid, 5.000,000 dollars were in part of a sum which might be authorised to be borrowed, in virtue of an act authorising a loan during that session of Congress. The terms and conditions, under which these notes were issued, were the same as recited for those issued in 1812. In the same year,^*) Treasury Notes, amounting to 7,500,000 dollars, were authorised to be issued in lieu of so much of the sums authorised to be borrow- ed, in virtue of acts passed on the 24th of March, and the I5th of November, 1814, as were not obtained. A further sum of 3,000,000 dollars, in Treasury Notes, was authorised to be issued, to defray the expenses of the War Depart- (1) Act 30th June, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 434. (2) Act 25th February, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch. 492. (3) Act 4th March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 606. (4) Act 26th December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 699. 8 H 746 Of the Public Debt of the United States. ment, in 1814. The notes, now authorised, were to be issued upon the terms and conditions above mentioned, except that they were not charged upon the Sinking Fund; the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal, were directed to be made out of any monies in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. In 18 15,^^^ 25,000,000 dollars, in Treasury Notes, were authorised to be issued and re-issued. Such of the notes as were of a denomination under one hundred dollars in value, bore no interest; those of one hundred dollars and upwards in value, bore an interest at the rate of five and two-fifths per centum per annum. The notes were at all times receivable in payments due to the United States ; no period was assigned for the redemption of the principal. Such of the notes as were below one hundred dollars in value, were allowed to be funded, and to bear an interest at the rate of seven per cent, per annum ; such of them as were of one hundred dollars and upwards in value, might also be funded, but at the rate of six per cent, per annum. The principal of the debt created, by funding the notes aforesaid, was reimburseable at any time after 1814. All the Treasury Notes issued, were now authorised to be funded, and then to bear an interest at the rate of six per centum per annum.^®^ A loan of 18,452,800 dollars was authorised ;^''^ such Treasury Notes as had been issued prior to the passage of this act, and charged upon the Sinking Fund, were receivable in payment of the subscriptions to the loan aforesaid. In 1817,^^^ so much of any acts, as authorised the issuing or re-issuing of Treasury Notes, was repealed; all the Treasury Notes, which had or should become the property of the United States, were directed to be cancelled or destroyed, at such times and under such regulations and securities as the Com- missioners of the Sinking Fund should establish. The following amounts in Treasury Notes, were authorised to be issued, in virtue of the several acts above referred to, viz : Dolls. In 1812 5,000,000 1813 10,000,000 1814 20,500,000 1815 • . 25,000,000 60,500,000 (5) Act 24th February, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 738. <6) Act 24th February, 1815 ; sect. ix. vol. iv. ch. 738. It) Act 3d March, 1815 ; vol. iv. ch. 768. (8) Act 3d March, 1817. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 747 The following Statement exhibits the amount of the Treasury Notes issued, and the amount outstanding on the 30th of September, 1817, viz: • Dolls. Issuedunder the act of 30th of June, 1812 5,000,000 25th February, 1813 5,000,000 4th March, 1814 10,000,000 , 26th December, 1814 8,318,400 24th February, 1815, viz: doIIs. In notes of 100 dollars ^ 4,422,400 ' In smaller notes . . . 3,392,994 7,815,391 Total amount issued, 36,133,794 Of the above there have been cancelled at the Treasury . . 26,574,431 Sm^ll Treasury Notes in the several Banks 3,323,400 In the Auditor's Office in the course of cancelment, for six per cent, stock at the Treasury of the doIIs. cts. United States 701,312 53 Balances in the several Banks 586,715 51 Dead Treasury Notes in the several Banks . , . 4,734,491 73 6,022,519 77 From which deduct the estimated amount of in- terest, included m the above sura 422,519 77 5,600,000 Balance outstanding, viz: Small Treasury Notes 69,594 00 Other notes by estimate 566,369 oo 635,963 As above, ^36, 133,7 94 (9) Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 5th December, 1817; p. 11 and 23. 748 Of the Public Debt of the United States. The evidences of the Public Debt, in 1817, were above par, and continue at advanced rates ; it is probable, that the outstanding Treasury Notes, as by law are convertible into funded debt, will, in the coilrse of 1818, be fimded, and in so far add to the amount of the Public Debt, In 1791, the PubUc Debt of the United States was in the proportion of thirteen dollars and forty cents; in 1801, eighteen dollars and seventy-seven cents, and in 1811, seven dollars and ninety-four cents, for every free inhabitant of the United States. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 749 a Hi ■■P o u i 0) a; o s • 1— 1 ■^ ^ Oh ^ ^ -t-J o Cf-I ^ o «\ O a; f-i h m 3 r T3 ^ t? "F^ 4) o H m •c J" 6 Ph PS ^, h ftOC H .y IS -J H -a rS -§ g pe's Ph Iphia P ^ 'T3 S3 PL, r-i g .a C3 TS is o ■<^ tn o a s C7^ 3 o •r< ^ cc ■*-' 3 ^^H o ..•^ c »— ' o o 00 s o o *5 ■g s a> o o o o " J O S-» -M -tJ -(_) sj ^J -t_) C ^ ^ ■ ■■■■tllBIIIIIM ^H * ^^ ' ^^ * ^^ * '*^ ^2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 s,-^^^^ C (fi >• >o t- 'S'oi K en O O O O O i-t r-f T-( i-H rH +5 ■i fl § ^OOOOOOOOO en -s 4>^'S'3-5'3-3'3^'3 "^ -l|0) rH|« u I||||I|(SOT00K 00 CJ 04 llllllllllo5CTioo»^ a> o M o o o o o q cn -+J -H -tJ -fS -tJ -t^ T-c gTio <0 K ?- Cj O to CO 1? C50500KO1OC5OOO rH tH »-( ^ ■+5 g 41000000000 ^ -M +j -tJ ^-+J -M ^ ^ ^ ^ t4 CJ o< . v-^'3''3'3''5''a'-B'"s''a .a1S I I 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 ^ mo WinoK 00 MX '''''''■'cnaxjjt^ oi s o o o o o -U -H -S -p -U .2 0100»^050lOiOOO T-t T-( T-t -^ ■i li$§ii^^ s cc u -a -3 T3 -o TS -d T3 c: u o § § §llllllflllll V r-l rH rH p- O o o ■w -I-' -{J -(-> •m ril^nH u ■^mTflOCTCT^rt oooooooo 11 a « o o o U -*^ -fj -M l^^^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •1^" <0 to b^ O C7) 05 CT) O T-( ^ -tJ o C3 O^OOOOOO-OOOOOOOOOOOOO M 0-W-M+J-M-M-^-i^-M-+J-M-^-l^+J-*^H-^+J-W+J-M , -4->-f^~l^-^-4^-^-f^-fJ-fJ-^-^-»^-+->-M--^-^-4^-t^>^ C vja -tf'o-O'ci-o-a'ij-d-a-S'TSTS-dxcSTSxns « o. lO o o o o o V Q -*^ 4J -fJ -f^ ^J £ tc^ootrT-iTj>^-.^toio-*Ti'oooOG?-*ioT-ci H "oioiotototototototoioioio^totototoKto -fij S rt ti Sootsoooooooooooooooo '-'-(->-4J-W+J+J-*-^-*-J-M-*-3+->-M-H-*-'-*-''*-'-*^-'-'+J~t-' CO -i « T3 -S T3 "3 "d "e TS TD -3 T3 "3 'S T3 T3 "O "C ■« -S "S i ^ 010aOOOOOOOC OOO o ciooa^daiOiOiOOOcia^ooKO^Oir-' ooo 1- ^ M r- 1-1 rt >^>^>-J>^>^ >~J>-1>-, >-,>-, ■s 3 cS ca cS'cti cd S 03 tied -fe^s 3 >^si >^3 ;^g >^g !^t»^2 >^2 i^2 >^S S >^ a--o— o 00 T)< 0< K w m lO »^ W 00 G? o K 00 »^ * o 00 »^ >o CO ?^ bC 0^ o" K, t- lO CO o> to *"- °l °l ■* to- 00 ■tT I— 1 to* co t^ l-H 1 1-1 1^ rH >^ 00 ? o o (S o CO m Ko Tf ©! Q o 1 1 1 O CO to o K s o o o o to o -^ O K o> 00 to o o o (« o 00 ce kT .o CO >o OS o o ■* O K 00 i-l Tf CO to o "o n CO CO 181; Dolls 09,1 00 CD CO of 00 CO o o" lO CO "1 ''i 00 Tf 00 00 o 05 tcT o o fl I' 1 xo ^" fi t^ to lO (N 00 00 rl O en lo 00 to lO o s o G< of January, 26,6 o >f> rH OS o> 00 T-' ■n* 05 w 00 o « r-( 1— 1 # to" I I e) . to d O 05 ^ U o fi O 03 s :2 o a; o o o o o,fi n n p a> 0! a> ft S3 ft « u |x| ^ >» CQ -% f > ^ 3 cd u « 3 ft o 00 ■S op 00 a3 '-' ft 00 to -a ^2 13 » « ■*^ :« ►^ <« -2 * g § ■►^ .2 u 00 b- 00 s o o ttH ^ *- o § ^ mooOoOOIs.c^«G^»-iO „ C8 "B .2 s S .S o a; r- CO CO IS s ts "H ^tS .14 u o « T3 "d a) -d ID Td « ,§-J CO u V « s E-i " (u « a> S fa S -H ^ O P T3 ES P3 "^ 0) en H-^ CO CO ■>-< S S-g^ S -t) c» ^ -♦J -M O {» c 'Sb b ^ CO Jh cti O > 2 • ■ H K g W =s ^ • i § s e 5 1 CO ^ CO ffi VI s cc K' CO « d on oo ^ 'O y-< 1 n "s "3 ia * 'O -o ■o tM 1 i4 a. a u ^4 o Q 666666^^*^ n g e O H U 1^ oi A 756 Of the Public Debt of the United States. Jl statement of the sums paid annually on account of the Public Debt, from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1817, in which the sums paid for principal, interest and charges are distingwished I iHifjtjCt/t'Va-viim YEARS. Pi-ineipal. Interest. Charges on Foreign Loans. Total. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. From the 4th of March, 1789. to ) Slst December, 1791 S 2,938,512 06 2,090,637 44 . 258,000 00 5,287.949 50 1792 4,062,037 36 3,076,628 23 125,000 00 7,263,665 99 1793 3,047,263 18 2,714,293 83 57,948 28 5,819,505 29 1794 2,311,285 57 3,414,254 50 54,062 20 5,778,602 27 1795 2,895,260 45 3,136,671 16 52,480 00 6,084.411 61 1796 2,640,791 91 3,183,490 56 — 5,824,282 47 1797 2,492,378 76 3,220,043 06 80,000 00 5,792,421 82 1798 937,012 86 3,053,281 28 — 3,990,294 14 1799 1,410,589 18 3,186.287 60 — 4,596,876 78 1800 1,203,665 23 3,174,704 72 — 4,578,369 95 1801 2,878,794 11 4,396,998 69 4,000 00 7,279,792 80 1802 5,413,965 81 4,120,038 95 5,000 00 9,539,004 76 1803 3,407,331 43 3,790,113 41 6,000 00 7,203,444 84 1804 3,905,204 90 4,259,582 55 7,000 00 8,171,787 45 1805 3,220,890 97 4,140.998 82 8,000 00 7,369,889 79 1806 5,286,476 73 3,694,407 88 29,000 00 8,989,884 61 1807 2,938,141 62 3,369,578 48 — 6,307,720 10 1808 6,832,092 48 3,428,152 87 — 10,260,245 35 1809 3,586,479 26 2,866J)74 90 _ 6,452,554 16 1810 5,163,476 93 2,845,427 53 —. 8,008,904 46 1811 5,543,470 89 2,465,733 16 — 8,009,204 05 1812 1,998,349 88 2,451,272 57 — 4,449,622 45 1813 7,508,668 22 3,599,455 22 — 11,108,123 44 1814 3,307,304 90 4,593,239 04 >— 7,900,543 94 1815 6,638,832 11 5,990,090 24 — 12,628,922 35 1816 17,048,139 59 7,822,923 34 — 24,871,062 93 (by estimate^ 1817 (a)20,452,911 11 6,905,760 55 "™ 27,358,671 66 129,049,327 90 101,189,140 58 •687,290 48 230,925,758 96 99,168 62 To which add amount paid for loss on exchange to the ' ilst of March, 1815 Dolls. 231,024,927 58 (a) Above it is stated at ....•••; • Add difference between nominal three per cent., and redemption at 65 Gain on purchases Secretary's estimate of the redemption (exclusive of Treasury Notes) . Add Treasury Notes (6) Loss of seven per cent, stock at 106-[-yj being more than nominal amount As above Dolls. 30,452,911 11 942,583 48 5,135 02 Dolls. 21,400,628 61 Dolls. 18,036,023 72 3.342,927 60 21,677 29 Dolls. 21,400,628 61 (i) Treasury Notes to third quarter of 1817 is stateil ut Deduct Interest, estimated at Dolls. 3,592,927 60 250,000 00 As above. Dolls. 3,342,927 60 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 757 -r) u *i •a u H Oi ^ +3 CfH O +J C! Si o s < Qi ^ OOCTlnOOtNoOcoWKOOOO to o 0«ta)(NO — !0K-*"OOO "O i^oooTfomiNtooooiooo 01 3 i-i«3iO"*OOTfU3TfOCTOO K soC0i-H^loG^--<^O'*_^Kf^OOO CO o h 3 of oT CO CD 00* (o 00 -<" CO t-T c? oq G?C!-*U300O^ 00_ ■^^^ «3 C-)^ G1_ lO^ t^ ■* ^ V OO'O-fCOOOOOOOtOO^i-f 1 1 ■* "rt ^ . «0 0-. y3OKb,-i" O! * oqo^ooocotDTfo^oo CO Si» ■t-i O5T-IIX5>OO-HC0«3t^-*O Tf s 5 S; ■Ot^CStNOWtN'-iG^tOO 1 1 CO o o. OtO^^OtO-J©!— l^O 1 1 00 ■l CD CO©!0»^»^00©!COOO«300 to 1 es u a 00'^lf5rC0'O(fIC0Tt'i-l >i O COQOO! 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In 1790, the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, were appropriated to- wards discharging the debts of the United States ; and they were directed to be applied solely to that purpose, until the debts should be fuUy satisfied.^') The surplus of the duties on merchandise imported and on the tonnage of vessels, to the 31st of December, 1790, which remained after the appropriations made by law were satisfied, were also appropriated to the purchase of the debt, at its market price, provided it did not exceed the par value thereof/^) In 1792,^^^ the President of the Senate, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretaries of State and of the Treasury, and the Attorney General, were ap- pointed commissioners to purchase the Public Debt, at the price above men- tioned. For the purposes aforesaid, the interest on so much of the debt as had been purchased for the United States, or as should be paid into the Treasury in satisfaction of any debt due to the United States, and the surplus of any appro- priation for the payment of the interest upon the said debt, which remained after paying such interest, were appropriated and pledged. These funds were to be applied, 1st. To the purchase of the several species of stock at their market prices, not to exceed the par value thereof, until the annual amount of the said funds, together with any other provisions which might be made, should be equal to two per centum of the whole amount of the outstanding funded stocks, bear- ing an interest of six per centum : Thenceforth, 2dly. To the redemption of the said six per cent, stocks, according to the right reserved,^*) until the whole amount thereof should be redeemed; and then, to the redemption of any other stock, at its market price. In i795,(^Hhe commissioners heretofore named, were authorised to borrow such sums, in anticipation of the revenues appropriated, not exceeding in one year one million of dollars, to be reimbursed within a year from the time of each loan, as should be necessary for the payment of the annual interest on the (1) Act 4th August, 1790; sect. xxii. vol. ii. ch. 61. (2) Act 12th August, 1790; vol. ii. ch. 74. (3) Act 8th May, 1792 ; vol. ii. ch. 139. {4) Act 4th August. 1790; vol. ii. ch. 61. By payments at the rate of ejght per eei^t. per annum. (5) Act Sd March, 1795 ; vol. ii. ch. 286. "76.0 Of the Public Debt of the United 'States. public debt. So much of the duties on imports and tonnage and on domestic distilled spirits and stills, as might be necessary, was appropriated for the pay- ment of the interest, on the temporary loans aforesaid, which was not to exceed the rate of six per cent, per annum. Additional appropriations were made to the fund, established by the act of the 8th of May, 1792, sect. 7, for the gradual reduction of the public debt; and the fund was in future to be denominated the " Sinking Fund." These additional ap- propriations consisted of, 1. A sufficient sum, arising annually from the duties on imports and tonnage, and on domestic distilled spirits and stills, as might be rightfully paid of the principal of the six per cent, stock, commencing on the 1st of January, 1796; and of the deferred stock, commencing on the 1st of January, 1802; 2. The dividends declared on so much of the stock of the Bank of the United States as belonged to the United States, deducting thereout the sums necessary to pay interest on any part of a loan of two millions of dollars had of the bank; 3. The net proceeds of the sales of public lands in the Western Territory; 4. All monies which should be received into the- Treasury on account of debts due to the United States, by reason of any matter prior to their present constitution ; and lastly, all surpluses of the revenues, which remained at the end of any calendar year, beyond the amount of the appropriations charged upon the said revenues. The Sinking Fund was placed under the direction and management of the commissioners above mentioned. Independent of temporary objects, the commissioners were directed to apply the fund aforesaid, 1. To the payment of the six per cent, stock, according to the right reserved, at the rate of eight per cent, per annum ;(^^ 2. To the payment of the deferred six per cent, stock after 1801, at the rate aforesaid ;(^^ and 3. If any surplus remained, towards the further and final redemption of the Public Debt, foreign and domestic, fund- ed and unfunded. The commissioners were authorised, when any part of the principal of the Public Debt became payable, to borrow the sums necessary for such payments, and to cause stock, bearing an interest of six per cent, per annum, to be issued therefor ; the principal thereof to be reimburseable at the pleasure of the United States. In 1802,^''> additional appropriations were made for the redemption of the Public Debt. (6) Excluding that which should stand to the credit of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund. (7) Act 29th April, 1802; vol. iii. ch. 292. It is proper to remark, that the internal duties were repeal- ed on the 6th of April, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 279. The Sinking Fund was diminished by the subtraction, of the duties on domestic distilled spirits and stills. Of the Public Debt of the Vniied States. 761 The Sinking Fund was, in future, to consist of an annual sum of seven mil- lions and three hundred thousand dollars^ to be derived as follows, viz: 1. From the monies, other than the surpluses of revenue, which then constituted the fund, or which should accrue to it by virtue of any previous provisions ; 2. From the sums annually required to discharge the annual interest and charges accru- ing on the debt of the United States; and 3. From so much of the duties on imports and tonnage as, together with the provisions aforesaid, would complete the sum of seven millions and three hundred thousand dollars above mentioned. The commissioners were directed to apply the fund to the payment of inter- est and charges, and to the redemption of the principal of the Pubhc Debt; and the annual payments were du-ected to be made as follows, viz: 1. Of such sums as, by virtue of any acts, had been previously directed to be paid ; 2. Of such sums as may be annually wanted to discharge the interest and charges ac- cruing on any other part of the then debt of the United States, including the interest and charges, which might accrue on such loans as might be made, for redeeming any parts of the principal of said debt; 3. Of such sums as may be annually required to discharge any instalment of the principal of the then debt of the United States, and of any future loans which might be made for reim- bursing the same ; and 4, To apply any surplus towards the further and final re- demption, by payment or purchase of the then debt, including loans for the reimbursement thereof, the temporary loan obtained from the Bank of the Uni- ted States, and the demands against the United States, under any treaty or con- vention with a foreign power, for the payment of which the faith of the United States had been or should be pledged by Congress. An annual account of aU the sales of stock, of loans, and of payments made by the commissioners, was di- rected to be laid before Congress on the first week of February, in each year. In 1803,^*) in consequence of the augmentation of the Public Debt, by the creation of the stock for the payment of Louisiana, an additional annual sum of seven hundred thousand dollars was appropriated to the Sinking Fund, to be paid out of the duties on imports and tonnage ; by this addition the annual fund, vested m the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, amounted to eight millions of dollars^ and was directed to be applied to the purposes, and in the manner heretofore mentioned, until the whole of the then debt of the United States should be redeemed. (8) Act 10th of November, 1803; sec. iv. vol. iii. ch. 355. 8 M 762 Of the Public Debt of the United States. In 1815, the appropriation for the Sinking Fund consisted as follows, viz: Of 1. The interest on such parts of the Public Debt as had been Dolls. cts. reimbursed, and which then amounted to the annual sum of 1,969,577 64 2. The net proceeds of the sales of the public lands . . . 1,200,000 00 3. The proceeds of duties on imports and tonnage, necessary to make up the sum of 8,000,000 dollars 4,830,422 36 Dolls. 8,000,000 00 We have already observed, that the payment of the interest, and the redemp- tion of the principal of the Treasury Notes, were charged to the Sinking Fund; In 1816, the charges upon this fund were estimated at 14,524,200 dollars, as follows, viz: Dolls. 1. For the payment of the interest and instalments of the old debt, 3,460,000 2. Do. of the interest of the new debt, computed on a capital of 70,000,000 dollars, about 4,200,000 3. For the payment of the interest and the principal of the Treasury Notes, issued under the acts of the 30th of June, 1812, the 25th February, 1813, and the 4th of March, 1814 (after allowing for the amount reimbursed subscribed to the loan, and paid for duties) about 6,864,000 14,524,20a Making an excess charged upon the fund, amounting to 6,524,200 dollars. To reUeve the Sinking Fund, the loan for 18,452,800 dollars was authorised ;(«) the subscriptions were payable in such Treasury Notes as had been charged upon the Sinking Fund ; in exchange therefor, as has been already observed^ the six per cent, stock of 1815 was issued. (9) Act 3d March, 1815 j vol. iv. ch. 768. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 763 A STATEMENT Exhibiting the Annual aggregate amount which, on the 3 1st of December, in each year, stood to the credit of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund. Years, ending on the 31st of Amount standing to the credit Years, ending on the 31st of Amount standing to the cre- December. of the Commissioners. December. dit of the Commissioners. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1790 I 1791 S 11,31,364 76 1804 1805 7,037,366 42 9,960,275 83 1792 1,560,529 30 1806 13,426,635 57 1793 2,019,194 32 1807 18,347,580 08 1794 2,265,022 55 1808 25,115,649 78 1795 2,307,661 69 1809 27,597,868 27 1796 2,703,481 97 1810 31,348,993 48 1797 2,725,869 86 1811 32,643,445 57 1798 2,734,479 44 1812 33,459,063 98 1799 4,704,219 60 1813 33,873,463 98 1800 4,738,367 83 1814 33,873,463 98 1801 4,762,184 41 1815 33,873,463 98 1802 5,837,702 90 1816 33,873,463 98 1803 7,024,402 51 764 Of the Public Debt of the United States. A General Statement of the several Stocks transferred to the United States, to the 31st of of March, 1795, was appropriated for Old Six per cent. Three per cent. Reimbursement of the foreign debt, to 31st December, 1809 of the NaVy six per cent. stock of the five and a half per cent. do. of the four and a half per cent. do. of the eight per cent. do. of the exchanged six per cent. do. of the converted six per cent. do. Purchased with monies received on account of surplus of duties ? to the end of 1790, S Purchased on account of the loan of 2,000,000 dollars of the > 12th of August, 1790, S Purchased out of the interest fund, or applied therefrom out of monies arising from imports and tonnage and ) from the sale of public lands, S In payment for lands sold under certain acts of Congress for lands on lake Erie sold to the state of Penn-> sylvania, i of certain balances which originated prior to the > present Constitution, ) of commutation of certain military officers, placed > on the pension list, S In discharge of debts due foreign officers .... of the registered debt per act of 12th of June, 1798 of loan office and final settlement certificates per ' same act. Stock arising from specie, paid for services and supplies prior to the 4th of March, 1789, Unapplied of 660,000 dollars, six per cent, stock, remitted on account of the Dutch debt in 1795, Stock. Dolls. Cts. Stock. Deferred six per Stock. Total amount to the credit of the Commissioners of the Sinking > Fund to 31st December, 1816, S 439,016 12 353,604 95 140,588 08 65,308 79 60,449 44 7,220 63 14,934 22 186,988 23 86,566 54 55,888 98 515,460 94 20,000 00 Dolls. Cts. 401,072 90 31,731 94 Dolls. Cts, 85,887 91 60,718 25 7,187 64 10,472 40 22,438 58 1,946,026 921 698,555 41 631,786 86 137,588 66 79,055 79 132,625 59 Five per cent. Stock. Dollars. 8,200,000 20,968 90 30,224 72 16,936 17 7,467 09 27,581 84 1,005,179 83 8,200,000 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 765 December 1816, the interest on whicl), by the acts of the 8th of May, 1792, and the 3d the redemption of the Pubhc Debt. Five and a half per cent. Stock. Four and a half pel' cent, stock. Four per cent. Stock. Navy Six per cent. Stock. Eight per cent. Stock. Exchanged Six per cent. Stock. Converted Six per cent. Stock. Louisiana six percent. Stock, Six per cent. Stock of 1812. .\mountofthe se- veral Species of Stock. Oollg. Cts Dollars Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dollars. Dollars. Dolls. Cts. 1,751,742 56 820,000 176,000 3,180,000 711,700 5,302,900 5,993,343 50 1,859,770 70 -^ — 12.200,000 00 711,700 00 1,751,742 56 176,000 00 5,302,900 00 5,993,343 50 1,859,770 70 — — -- — — — — — — 1,471,875 88 — — — — — — — — — 522,925 55 95,757 44 — — "™" — — — 326,500 324,200 1,098,726 90 — — — — 1,056.700 300,007 62 — — — 1,356,707 62 1,400 00 — — '— 122,900 700 00 80 00 — — 297,235 60 — — — — — — — — — 151,392 41 — — — — — — — — — 31,344 44 — ~- — — — — — — — 32,873 71 — _^ _^ ^^ ^_ ^^ __ — ~ 209,426 81 86,566 54 — — — — — — — — ~" 83.470 82 — — ~ — — — — — — 515,460 94 — — — — — — 20,000 00 1,848,900 00 996,000 3,180,000 711,700 6,482,500 6,294,051 12 1,859,850 70 326,500 324,200 33,873,463 98 8 N 766 Of the Public Debt of the United States. In 1817, the acts previously passed, in relation to the Sinking Fund, were revised and modified. So much of all former acts, as related to the appropriations for the purchase of the principal, or the payment of the interest of the funded debt, was repealed.(^°) An annual appropriation, amounting to 10,000,000 dollars, to be produced, 1st From the duties on imports and on tonnage; 2dly, From the proceeds of the internal duties, and 3dly. From the proceeds of the sales of the public lands in the western territory, was appropriated, as the future Sinking Fund. This fund was vested in the Commissioners heretofore named, and they were directed to apply it to the payment of the interest and the charges, and to the reimbursement of the principal of the Public Debt, in the manner heretofore prescribed in the acts already recited. Besides the annual appropriation above mentioned, the Commissioners, in 1817, were authorised to receive from the Treasury, an additional sum of 9,000,000 dollars, to be applied to the redemption of the Public Debt; and they were further authorised, provided it should be deemed expedient by the Secretary of the Treasury, to receive, in the year aforesaid, another additional sum, amounting to 4,000,000 dollars, to be applied to the purposes aforesaid; the sum of 4,000,000 dollars last appropriated, was to be so much in advance of the annual appropriation for 1818. After the year 1817, in the case of a surplus in the Treasury, above the sums appropriated for the service of the year, so that a balance of 2,000,000 dollars would remain to the end of such year, such surplus is also to be applied to the redemption of the debt in the manner aforesaid. Whenever, in any year, there shall be a surplus in the Sinking Fund, beyond the amount of interest and principal actually due in such year, the Commissioners, having the approbation of the President, are authorised to purchase the debt of the United States, at its market price, provided such price does not exceed the rates following, viz : For the stock bearing an interest of three per cent, per annum, sixty-five dollars for every hundred dollars of the principal thereof; for stock bearing an interest of six per cent, per annum, the par value thereof; for stock bearing an interest of seven per cent, per annum, an advance above the par value thereof, which must not exceed, for every hundred dollars of stock, the computed value of an annuity of one dollar for a number of years, equal to that during which the stock so purchased will not be reimburseable at the Ijleasure of the government, estimating in such computation, the interest of money at six per centum per annum. (10) Act 3d March, 1817. Of the Public Debt of the United States. 767 All the certificates of the Public Debt, which have or may become the pro- perty of the United States, by the payment thereof, were directed to be destroy- ed at such times and under such regulations and securities as the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, with the approbation of the President, should establish. ^"^ No interest is considered as accruing, and no further payment is made on ac- count of the debt, the certificates of which have been destroyed. In the event of a war between the United States and any foreign power, any surplus, appropriated as aforesaid, to the Sinking Fund, that may be left in any year, after paying the interest and principal actually due, may be applied to any object of public service. All the provisions in former acts, by which the faith of the United States was pledged, for the payment of the interest or the principal of the Public Debt, were continued in full force and operation ; except in so far, that no payments are to be made on the certificates, which have become the property of the United States. The following Statements show the amount of the stock purchased, on ac- count of the commissioners of the Sinking Fund, during 1817. (11) In 1817, agreeably to the act of 3d March, 1817, all the certificates, for funded stock redeemed, that had been issued, were in a course of being cancelled and destroyed- And the examination, cancel- ment and final adjustment of the Treasury Notes, were in full operation.— -Annual Report of the Commis- sioners of the Sinking Fund, 7th February, 1818, p. 9. 768 Of the Public Debt of the United States. A Statement of the Stock purchased on account of the Commissioners of Purchased by Cashiers of sundry Banks Do. of the Bank oF the United States Unredeemed amount of Old Six per cent. Stock. Dolls. Cts, 5£,987 28 34,082 34 87,069 62 Unredeemed amount of De- ferred Six per cent. Stock. Six per cent. Stock of 1812. Dolls. Cts. 142,960 12 73,834 61 216,794 73 Dolls. Cts. 82,200 00 1,521,797 88 1,603,997 88 Loan of Sixteen Millions of Dol- lars. Dolls. Cts. 6,160 94 2,356,539 62 2,362,700 56 Loan of Seven Millions U five hundred thou- sand Dollars. Dolls. Cts. 13,204 67 1,649,144 89 1,662,349 56 Loan of Ten Mil- lions of Dollars. Dolls. Cts. 2,434 39 1,405,859 63 1,408,294 02 Dolls. Cts. Of the above amount 3,001,812 10 were of the Old Debt, prior to the war of 1812. And . . 11,604,396 28 were of the War Loans and Treasury Note Stock. As above, Total, 14,606,208 38 d Statement of the Stock purchased and redeemed, between the \st of January, 1817, and the 50th of September following, viz: Amount of Stock redeemed as per Statement above , , . . . Dolls. 14.606,208 38 Amount of Stock redeemed including the three per cent, at nominal • • 15,548,790 86 Estimated reimbursements of the old six per cent, and deferred stocks in the three first quarters of 1817 . . 894,484 00 Temporary Loans paid off to the Cumberland Bank 50,000 00 Do. Do. Bank of the United States 500,000 00 550.000 00 Amountfromlstof January, 1817, to 30th September following . . •, ^ • • / ' * ' 16,993,274 86 To the end of the 4th quarter of 1817. for reimbursement of old six per cent, and deferred stocks perestimate ; IfAlllI Purchases of stock since the 1st of October, as per statement exhibited 3o3,235 lo ^ ^^ gg Dolls. 18.036,023 72 Of the Public Debt of the United States, the Sinking Fund, from 1st April, 1817, to 30th September following. 769 Loan of Six Mil- lions of Dollars. Six per cent. Stock of 1814. Six per cent. Stock of 1815. Seven per cent. Stock. Exchanged Six per cent. Stock. Louisiana Six per cent. Stock. Treasury Note Stock. Three per cent. Stock at sixty-five. Total Dollars. Dolls. Cts. 350,000 00 1,200,758 16 Dolls. Cts. 208,507 54 Dolls. Cts. 257,771 86 2,524,752 37 Dolls. Cts. 5 91 Dolls. Cts. 110,000 00 205,637 73 Dolls. Cts. 258,800 00 373,000 00 Dolls. Cts. 25,258 42 Dolls. Cts. 285,916 08 1,464,593 94 Dolls. Cts. 1,562,441 25 13,043,767 13 1,550,758 16 208,507 54 2,732,524 23 5 91 315,637 73 631,800 00 25,258 42 (12)1,750.510 02 14,606,208 38 (12) The amount of the three per cent, stock as taken from the returns, from sundry agents, viz: J. Smith 41,218 19 Cost, 26,821 94 Deduct Interest 30 12 From sundry other agents, . 2,651,874 31 Dolls. 2,693,092 50 26,791 82 Cost, 1,723,718 20 Dolls. 1,750,510 02 At Dolls. Cts. 2693092 50 65 13465462 50 161585550 00 175051012 50 8 O 770 Of the Public Debt of the United States. In 1817, the following disbursements were made out of the Treasury on ac- count of the principal and interest of the Public Debt, viz : Dolls. Cts. On account of the interest on the funded domestic debt and reimbursement of the principal of the old and deferred six per cent, stocks 6,019,312 48 On account of the principal and interest of tempo- rary loans, Reimbursement of principal 550,000 00 Payment of interest 18,106 16 568,106 16 On account of principal and interest of Treasury Notes • . . . 3,592,927 60 On account of the principal and interest of the Louisiana stock payable in Europe; On account of the reimbursement of the prin- cipal 419,189 74 Payment of interest 328,329 69 747,519 43 On account of the reimbursement of the domestic debt . . . 14,955,735 25 Amounting together to Dolls. 25,883,600 92 Of the "Public Debt of the United States. 771 The disliursements enumerated were made out of the following funds, viz: Dolls. Cts. 1. From the annual appropriation of 10,000,000 dollars, for 1817, agreeably to the act of 3d March, 1817 10,000,000 00 The additional sum appropriated by the 3d section of the act aforesaid 9,000,000 00 And so much of the sums of 4,000,000 dollars designated in the 3d section aforesaid, 2,830,108 52 And paid from the funds " arising from the proceeds of duties o n merchandise imported, and on the tonnage of vessels, and from the proceeds of the sales of western lands," agreeably to the act above referred to, 2. From repayments into the Treasury, on account of monies heretofore advanced for the purchase of bills of exchange, for the payment of interest and reimbursement of the funded debt and of Treasury Notes , . . . 406,564 80 3. From the appropriation by law, in relation to Treasury Notes, being the amount of payments for principal and interest of Treasury Notes, at the Treasury, and for which warrants were issued for payment 3,592,927 60 Making the amount as stated, Dolls. 25,883,600 92 772 Of the Public Debt of the United States. A STATEMENT Showing the Amount of Pubhc Debt annually contracted, together with the annual increase and decrease thereof. YEARS. Amount of Debt contracted. Annual increase of Debt. Annual decrease of Debt. Dolls, Ct8. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 1791 ■5,089,291 00 1,764,448 14 ^^ 1792 5,180,918 24 3,124,709 38 — 1793 1,264,703 36 — 1,925,229 27 1794 4,740,703 36 2,320,182 62 — 1795 5,964,000 00 3,014,584 68 — 1796 ,400,000 00 — 1,697,692 74 1797 — — 2,835,950 21 1798 207,465 07 — 819,859 35 1799 5,711,700 00 4,567,624 58 — 1800 1,481,700 00 61,756 45 — 1801 — — 2,325,418 55 1802 — — 3,657,945 95 1803 15,000,000 00 9,372,434 58 — 1804 — — 4,414,970 38 1805 — -~ 6,588,879 84 1806 — — 6,504,872 02 1807 "™" — 4,022,080 67 1808 — 8,173,125 88 1809 — — 3,850,889 77 1810 — . — 5,166,714 62 1811 — — 2,793,606 39 1812 8,034,782 58 10,753,089 67 — 1813 26,608,164 22 25,525,018 67 — 1814 20,024,031 25 18,345,813 91 — 1815 26,589,272 02 23,219,122 47 — 1816 13,134,588 60 ~ 4,172,160 58 Of the Public Debt of the United States. 773 In 1716, a Sinking Fund was established in Great Britain, " for the payment of the national debts incurred before the 25th of December, 1716;" the fund was applicable "to no other purpose whatever." In 1728, the fund was charged with the payment of the interest of the loan ; this first violation of the original principle, was soon succeeded by others of a more destructive character, by which the design of tlie institution was frustrated. In 1733, the supplies for the year, amounting to more than one year's produce of the fund, were taken from it. During the war, from 1739 to 1748, £ 9,000,000 sterling of this fund were ap- plied to various branches of expenditure, and again induced Parliament, in 1748, to vote, that it should be applied to no other than the purpose for which it was originally authorised. (") About the year 1772, Doctor Price proposed apian for the redemption of the national debt of Great Britain. According to him this object might be effected, by the application of a certain sum annually set apart from the rest of the an- nual revenue, to be appropriated for the purchase of stock at the current prices ; the interest of the debt redeemed was always to be added to the original sum, to increase the operation of the fund. In 1786, it was ascertained, from calculations founded on the experience of the year 1785, that a surplus, atnounting to about £ 900,000 sterling, remamed after satisfying every branch of expenditure.^'*^ Mr. Pitt, adopted the princi- ples of Doctor Price, and proposed by means of taxes, to raise the surplus to £ 1,000,000 sterling per annum, which, by commissioners, was to be applied to the purchase of stock in the manner above mentioned. In imitation of the British system, a plan was proposed for the redemption of the Public Debt of the United States : the funds were appropriated by the acts already recited; although the sources, whence the sums appropriated, in 1790, 1792 and 1795, were specified, the amount of the fund was not fixed and limited ; it would depend upon numerous contingencies. In as far as the propor- tion of the capital of the fund, to the amount of debt to be redeemed, was not ascertained, it became impossible to fix the period of redemption. The fiind, which we established, was applicable to the purchase of any species of the Public Debt, whether temporary or funded, until the annual amount thereof should be equal to two per centum on the amount of the old six per cent, stock, when it (13) Grellier's History of the National Debt of Great Britain, p. 99 and 169; also, Hamilton's Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the National Debt of Great Britain, p. 95. (14) The income was £ 15,379,132; and the expenditure £ 14,478,181. 8P 774 Of the Public Debt of the United States. was first to be applied towards the redemption of that stock, and thereafter to the purchase of any other of the Public Debt. ^'^) When the annual appropriation for the Sinking Fund was augmented, in 1802 and 1803, the system was modified so as to make the fund applicable to the payment of the interest and charges, as well as to the redemption of the princi- pal of the PubUc Debt; the three per cent, stock excepted. In 1812, 1813 and 1814, the Treasury Notes issued, were charged upon this fund, without any augmentation of its capital. The Sinking Fund established for the United States, was very different from that first authorised in Great Britain, in so far as it was not exclusively applica- ble to the discharge of a specific debt already incurred; it was also unlike that of Mr. Pitt, as the amount of the capital appropriated was not fixed prior to 1802; and when the amount of the appropriation was known, the payment of the inte- rest and charges on the debt were, in common with the principal, to be dis- charged from that fund. Strictly speaking, the essential character of a Sinking Fund, was not to be found in the operations of that of the United States ; all its sources might vary and fail ;^'®) even the application of the fiind was varied with circumstances. The annual reports of the commissioners exhibit the Sinking Fund in the payment of the interest and charges, and the redemption of the principal of the Public Debt ; in the reimbursement of temporary loans, and the absorption of Treasury Notes ; in the payment of commissions and charges to agents in the United States and in Europe ; in the payment of arrearages due to the army, and in discharging the floating debt: Instead of being uniformly confined on a single line of operation, it was active in all situations as temporary circumstances in- dicated. The amount paid for the interest and charges of the debt, during many years, exceeded that of the principal redeemed. After the fund was raised to 8,000,000 dollars per annum, tlie charges upon it amounted to 14,524,200 dollars to be redeemed within the year. In 1817, the interest payable, from the fund of 8,000,000 dollars, amounted to 6,084,415 dollars and 93 cents, leaving only 1,915,584 dollars and 7 cents for the redemption of the principal of the debt.*^^^) The preceding facts enable us to explain the irregular operation of the Sink- (15) Act Stli May, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 139. See also, act of 3d March, 1795, vol. ii. ch. 286; for further provisions in relation to the redemption of the principal of certain enumerated stocks of the United States. (16) During the late war, the operations of the Sinking Fund were " obstructed by the temporary failure of the revenue arising from duties on merchandise and tonnage," which was its principal source. See Annual Report of tlie Secretary of the Treasury, 6th December, 1815. p. 24. (17) Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 16th December, 1816. Of the Fume Debt of the United States. 775 ing Fund, and to demonstrate why the amount of the funded debt passed to the credit of the commissioners, was not augmented after 1813 ; they also show why the debt of 1791, has not yet been extinguished. Of the debt contracted prior to the late war, 31,839,903 dollars and 37 cents remained on the 1st of October, 1817; notwithstanding that 231,024,927 dollars and 58 cents were paid, on ac- count of the Public Debt, from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 3lst of Decem- ber, 1817, principal, interest and charges. But for the additions made to the Public Debt, subsequently to 1791, the original amount would long since have been reimbursed by the operations of the Sinking Fund ; or had this fund been exclusively applied to the redemption of the debt existing in 1791, that amount would long ago have been discharged. It is probable, that the present amount of the Public Debt wiU not be aug- mented ; provided we remain in peace, our means will be more than adequate to its redemption, according to the terms of the several contracts. From the 1st of January to the 30th of September, 1817, 18,036,023 dollars and 72 cents, or 15.17 per cent, of the debt, as it stood on the 1st of January, 1817, was re- deemed by the commissioners of the Sinking Fund. After the contemplated payments of the Louisiana six per cent, stock, in 1818 and 1819, the annual ap- propriation of 10,000,000 dollars, cannot be applied towards the redemption of any part of the debt, (the payment of the interest and the gradual redemption of the six per cent, deferred stock, and the six per cent, stock of 1796, except- ed) prior to 1825, unless the terms of the contracts shall be modified. The following items no longer constitute portions of the Public Debt of the United States, viz : 1. The Foreign Debt. 2. The five and a half per cent, stock. 3. The four and a half per cent, stock. 4. The navy six per cent, stock. 5. The eight per cent, stock. 6. The exchanged six per cent, stock, created prior to 1812; and, 7. The converted six per cent, stock. 776 Of the Public Debt of the United States. The following stocks composed the debt of the United States, on the 1st of January, 1818, viz: 1. The old six per cent, stock; redeemable in October, 1818, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Deferred do. do. Three per cent. do. law for that purpose. Six per cent, stock of 1796 ; redeemable after 1819 do. do. 1824. ' do. whenever provisions shall be made by Exchanged Six per cent, stock ; do. Louisiana Six per cent, stock; do. Six per cent, stock of 1812 ; do. do. do. do. 1813; do. do. do. do. Treasury Note stock ; do Seven per cent. do. do. 1814; 1815: do. do. do. after the 3ist of December, 1824. in 1818 and 1819. 1st January, 1825. do. 1826. do. 1827. do. 1828. do. 1825. 1825. (i8)piYg pgj. cent. do. do. at the pleasure of the goverament. (18) Subscribed to the Bank of the United States; the Sinking Fund is not applicable to the redemption ^f this stock. INDEX. A. Accoutrements, cost of the, in the United States, 604 Accounts, public, how settled, 703 Actual enumeration, the only true method to ascertain the inhabitants, 16 Africa, annual value of our exports to, 132. 141 generally, annual value of our exports to, 132. 141 and 155 African ports, British, annual value of our exports to, 132. 141 French, annual value of our exports to, ibid. Portuguese, annual value of our exports to, ibid. Ages, persons of different, their relative proportion in the United States, 40 free persons of different, their proportion to the total population of the United States, 44 males of different, in the United States, ibid. females of different, in the United States, ibid. Agriculture, in certain states, how affected by migra- tion, 37 products of, their value and proportion exported, 87 products of, value of the, annually export- ed, 147 Alabama Territory established, xv " All other free persons," their progress and duplica- tion in the United States, 23, 24 Aliens, how naturalized in the United States, 30 cannot own vessels in the United States, 312 Allowances granted to the fishermen of the United States, 336, et seq. granted to the fishermen on the average of ten years, 340 paid annually, from 1791 to 1816, to ves- sels employed in the fisheries, 341 annual amount of the, 392 American colonies, Dutch, annual value of our exports to the, 132. 141 British, annual value of our ex- ports to the, ibid. American colonies, French, annual value of our exports to the, 132. 141 Spanish, annual value of our ex- ports to the, ibid. Portuguese, annual value of our ex- ports to the, ibid. America, annual value of our exports to the North. West Coast of, ibid. American vessels, importations in, during each year, from 1789 to 1815, 158—171 Animals, value of the, annually exported, 147 Army, a provisional, authorised, 558 organization of the, 555 — 590 organization of the, on the war establishment, 580 et seq. distribution of the, in 1815 and 1817, 584—588 officers and men composing the, in 1815, 585 general return of the, in 1817, 585, 586 register for the, for 1st January, 1818, 589 general observations concerning the, -628 uniformity in the, necessary to its efficiency, 629 expenditures on account of the pay and sub- sistence of the, from 1789 to 1815, 712 efiective force of the, in 1789, 556 strength of the, at different periods, 563 Armories, of the, in the United States, 625 particulars concerning the arms annually ma- nufactured in the, from 1795 to 1817, 627 Arms manufactured in the U. States, cost of the, 627 additional, purchase of, from 1789 to 1815, 712 Arrets, French, 64 et seq. Arsenals, of the, in the United States, 625 Artificers, organization of the corps of, 271 Artillery, organization of the corps of, 567 Arts, useful, progress of the, promoted in the U. S. 2 Ashes, pot and pearl, value of the, annually exported, 146 quantity annually exported, 152 and 154 quantity on the average of tea years, 154 Asia generally, annual value of our exports to, 132 — 141 and 155 Auction, sales at, duties laid on, 471 8Q 778 INDEX. Austrian tonnage, entered in the United States, from 1789 to 1816, 318 B. Balance of trade, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 219 in favour of the United States, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 255 against the United States, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 255 for and against the U. States, during 7 years, with all nations, 266 with all parts of the world, 266 et seq. is often only apparently unfavourable, 280 amount of the unfavourable, with all the world, 281 amount of the unfavourable, how ac- counted for, 282 particulars concerning the, with G. Britain, 282 an unfavourable, should not cause trade to be suspended, 283 Baltimore, males and females in, 49 Bank notes, duties laid on, 473 of the United States established in 1791, 518 general provisions of the charter of the, 518 how subscriptions to the, were paid, 518 branches established by the, 519 of the shares in the, belonging to the U. S. 520 stock of the, held in the U. States and in foreign countries, 521 dividends declared by the, from 1792 to 1809, 521 dissolution of the, and the amounts paid to the stockholders, 522 general views and statements of the, 523 — 526 of the U. S. established in 1816, 527 general provisions of the charter of the, 527 how subscriptions to the, were to be made, 527, 533 stock subscribed to the, purchased by the com- missioners of the sinking fund, 528 dividends declared by the, 529 prices at which the shares have been sold, 559 branches established by the, 529 statement of the subscriptions to the, in the seve- ral states, 532 Barbary States, annual value of our exports to tlie, 132—141 and 155 commence hostilities, 635, 642 result of hostilities against the, 657 Barges authorised to be built, 641 Bastrop's claim for public lands, 356 Batture at New-Orleans, nature of and claim to tlie, 358 Bayonne decree, 78 Beef, quantity annually exported, 152, 154 quantity on the average of ten years, 154 Bees-wax, quantity annually exported, 1521, 154 quantity on the average of ten years, 154 Biscuit and ship bread, quantity annually exported, 152, 154 quantity on the average of ten years, 154 Berlin decree, 75 Bills of exchange, duties laid on, 473 Births, number of the, in the United States, 49 proportion of the, to the deaths in the U. S. 49 number of the, multiplied by different writers to ascertain the number of the inhabitants, 16 Blockades, British, 64 et seq. Bone, whale, value of, annually exported, 146 Boston, males and females in, 49 Bourbon and Mauritius, annual value of our exports te, 132—141 Boundaries of the United States, concerning the, 343 Bounties allowed to fishermen, 336 et seq. 339, 396 only allowed when three-fourths of the crews are citizens of the U. States, 339 amount of, paid annually, from 1791 to 1816, on fish and provisions exported, 341, 396 annual amount of the, 392 concerning the, paid to soldiers at different periods, 591 et seq. allowed for persons captured on board enenues vessels, 675 Brazil, annual value of our exports to, 132 — 141 Bremen, annual value of our exports to, 132 — 141 Brevet rank established, 564 British tonnage entered in the United States, from 1789 to 1816, 318 Brougham, Mr. his opinion concerning the navy of the United States, 658 Bullion, exported to India, 56 for the mint obtained from foreign countries, 551 Butter, quantity annually exported, 152, 154 quantity on the average of ten years, 154 Cadets, concerning the, in the Military Academy, 577 number of the, 578 expenses on account of the, 579 Candles, spermaceti, value of, annually exported, 146 quantity annually exported, 152 et 154 tallow, quantity annually exported, ihid. quantity annually exported on the average of ten years, 154 Canaries, annual value of our exports to the, 132 — 141 Cannon, expenditures on account of the fabrication of, from 1789 to 1815, 712 Captures made, under the authority of hostile decrees and orders, 79 by the British, ihld. by the French, 80 INDEX. 779 Captures made by the Neapolitans, 80 by the Danes, ibid. by the Spaniards, 81 recapitulation of the, ibid. by the Americans during the late warjife. amount received into the Treasury from, 395 Capacity, commercial, errors in relation to, 88, et seq. and navigating, of the several states, 91 Cape of Good Hope, annual value of our exports to the, 132—141 and 155 Cape de Verd Islands, annual value of our exports to the, 132—141 Carriages, duties laid on, in the United States, 465 statement of the, paying duties in the United States, 466 et seq. amount of the duties on the, 468 number of the, made in the U. S., 468 'Cavalry, organization of the, 565 Census made in England in the reign of Henry VIII. 17 Spain, 17 in the United States for 1790, 20 for 1800, 21 for 1810, 22 results of the, concerning the progress of the population in the United States, 23 to be taken at regular periods, 17 formula for the, 18 suggestions for improvements in the, 17 Certificates issued from the Treasury on account of the Yazoo claims, 348 what, authorised to be subscribed to the loans to discharge the public debt, 721. 723 Cheese, quantity annually exported, 152 and 154 on the average of ten years, 154 Chesapeak, American frigate, attacked by the Leo- pard, 65 China, progress of the trade of dififerent nations to, 55 tonnage employed from the U. S. to, 55 annual value of our exports to, 132 — 141 and 155 imports from, during each year, from 1806 to 1815, 172—211 articles imported from, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 229 et seq. Sheffield, Lord, his error concerning our ability to trade with, 55 balance of trade with, 266 et seq. remarks concerning our trade with, 280 amount of specie exported to, from the U. S. 55 Cities in the United States, number of the people in the several, 47 progress of the population in the, compared with that in a state, 48 Cities, cause of the rapid increase of the population in some of the, 48 in none of the, has the population been checked, 48 the births in the, exceed the number of the deaths, 49 population of the, in the United States, compar- ed with the tonnage, 308 Civil list, expenditures on account of the, 702, 703. 706, 707. 713 Civil department, number of ofiicers and agents em- ployed in the, 708 Claims, Yazoo, 348. 355 to the public lands, 355 in the Illinois territory, 355 on account of British grants, 356 in the Orleans territory, 357 concerning the lead mines near Genevieve, 357 settlements in Louisiana, 357 Orleans batture, 358 of citizens of the United States against France, assumed, 735 Clothing allowed to the troops of the United States, 600 cost of the, 601 et seq. Cocoa, quantity of, annually imported and exported, from 1801 to 1815, 257 quantity of, annually imported and exported, on the average often years, 258 Coffee, quantity of, annually imported and exported from 1801 to 1815, 257 quantity of, annually imported and exported, on the average of ten years, 258 quantity of, annually imported, the rate of the duty thereon and the amount of the duty ac- crued, from 1801 to 1814, 398 et seq. Cod-fishery, condition of the, in 1675, 333 vessels, tonnage and men employed, and fish caught in the, 333 tonnage employed in the, on the average of ten years, 339 tonnage employed in the, annually, from 1791 to 1816, 341 Colonies, merchandise usually imported from the, 156 results of our commerce with the British North American, 301 Colonial productions, quantity of the, annually import- ed and re-exported, 263 et seq. Coins, foreign gold and silver, as are current must be assayed annually, 383 of the United States, their denomination and value, 540 fineness of the, 541, 542 foreign, their value in the U. States, 543, 544, et seq. 547 780 INDEX. Coins whicli are a tender in payment of debts, 543 assays of the foreign, made at the mint,542 — 545 annual value of the gold, struck at the mint, 547, 548, 549 annual value of the silver, struck at the mint, 547, 548, 549 annual value of the copper, struck at the mint, 547, 548, 549 value of the, struck at the mint, to 31st Decem- ber, 1817, 550 estimated amount of the gold and silver, in dif- ferent countries, 551 Commerce of the United States, 55 circumstances which influence the, 56 with China, 55 with the East Indies, 5T suspended during the revolutionary war, 57 resumed after the peace in 1783, 57 difiiculties in the way of the, 57 ' no general regulations concerning the, 57 a free, with all the world advocated by the Secretary of State, 59 promoted by the French revolution, 59 prosperity of the, influence on the character of our citizens, 59 the philosophy of, disregarded in the United States, 60 effects of, 60 neutral, checked by the governments in Eu- rope, 63 injuries sustained by the, in consequence of hostile decrees, 79 state of, in 1809, &c. 82 maximum of the, 87 capacity for, in the several states, 89 basis of the, 91 periodical progress of the, 63 minute details respecting the, with all parts of the world in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 212 with Great Britain, exhibited in a tabular form, 253 with all parts of the world, exhibited in a tabular form, 254 considered as moving on a circle, 281 with the British West Indies, 301 with the North American Colonies, 301 and navigation not necessarily united, 307 foreign, revenues derived from, 392 (.Commercial intercourse should not be suspended on ac- count of the balance of trade being unfavourable, 283 what should govern, 283 between the United States and France suspended, 557 Commissioner of the general land office authorised, 360 his duties, 360 Commissioners appointed to settle claims to the public lands, 350 of loans, expenditures on account of the, 703—706 of the sinking fund appointed, 759 Commixture of different nations, advantageous, 52 Congress, powers of the, in relation to the commerce of the United States, 59 acts of the, in regard of our tonnage, alarmed the ship owners in Great Britain, 293 Connecticut, population of, 32 et seq. annual value of the exports from, 88 — 142 —145 actual increase of the population in, 33 et seq. number of persons to each square mile in, 45 ts relative rank in the Union, 12 tonnage of, 320 — 332 land ceded by, to the United States, 347 Conservation of the human species, how secured, 44 Constitution of the United States, ix a supposed amendment of the, not adopted by the states, xx , Consumption of the merchandise imported in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 229 et seq. of the merchandise imported in the years enumerated, 259 — 262 Contingent charges of government, of the, 703 Cotton wool, its growth doubtful in the U. States, 84 average quantity of, exported, 84 quantities exported, 92 importations of, into Great Britain, 92 maximum quantity exported, 92 manufacture, progress of the, in Great Britain, 92 estimated amount of, consumed in the U. States, 92 value of the, annually exported, 147 Sea Island, quantity annually exported, 152—154 other than Sea Island, quantity annually- exported, 152 — 154 quantity of, annually imported and export- ed, from 1803 to 1815,257 quantity of, annually impo rted and export- ed, on the average of ti n years, 258 Sea Island, quantity annually exported on the average often years, 154 all other American, quantity annually ex- ported on the average of ten years, 154 Customs, branches of revenue derived from the, 383 a comparative view of the revenue derived from tlie, at different periods, 392 annual average amount received from the, 392 total net amount received from the, from 1789 to 1814, 392 INDEX. 781 Customs, at the masimum, 392 annual expenses of the collection of the duties derived from the, 392—397. net amount derived from the, from 1789 to 1814, 392—397 at the maximum, 392 proportion of the, to the other branches of re- venue, 393 proportion of the, to the other branches of re- venue in Great Britain, 393 general statement of the, for each year from 1791 to 1815, 395 gross and net amount of the, in the states and territories respectively, during each year, from 1791 to 1816, 425—437 amount annually received on account of the, from 1791 to 1815, 537 D. Danish West Indies, annual value of our exports to the, 132—141 East Indies, annual value of our exports to the, 132—141 tonnage, entered in the United States, from 1789 to 1816, 319 Deaths, number of the, in the U. States, 49 proportion of the, to the births in the U. S. 49 Debentures, annual amount of the, from 1791 to 1815, 392—396 Debt, public, (see public debtj periodical statement of the, 10 evidences of the, not received in payment for public lands, 352 of the states, provisions for the, 723 due to France in 1791, 727 due to Spain in 1791, 727 due to Holland, in 1791, 727, 728 Decrees, French, 64 et seq. at Berlin, 75 at Milan, 76 at Bayonne, 78 at Rambouillet, 78 in the West Indies, 78 Delaware, population of, 32 et seq. annual value of the exports from, 88 — 142 — 145 actual increase of the population in, 32 et seq. number of persons to each square mile in, 45 its relative rank in the Union, 12 tonnage of, 320—332 Delegates sent to Congress from the territories, xv compensation allowed to the, 702 Denmark, annual value of our exports to, 132 — 141, 155 imports from, during each year from 1806 to 1815, 172—211 Denmark, articles imported from, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 229 et seq. and dominions, balance of trade with, 266 et seq- remarks concerning our trade with, 280 Destination of the exports from the United States, 132 —141 Direct taxes, laid in the United States, 498 statement of the quotas of the, apportion- ed to the states respectively, 502 amount of the, actually assessed, on every 100 dollars of the valuation, in the states respectively, in 1798, 1813 and 1815, 503 payments on account of the, laid in 1798, 505 payinents on account of the, laid in 1813, 507 et seq. 511 view of the collection of the, in 1816, 508—512 view of the collection of the, on non-resi- dent's property, 509 general view of the collection of the, laid in 1814, 510 amount of the, received in 1815, 512 general view of the collection of the, laid in 1815. 513 general view of the collection of the, laid in 1816, 514 amount of the, received in 1816, 515 amount paid for the collection of the, 505 —507, 508, 509, 510, 515 amount annually received on account of the, from 1800 to 1815, 537 District of Columbia, annual value of the exports from the, 142—145 population of the, 21 et seq. tonnage of the, 321 — 332 Distilleries, number of the, in the United States, 463— 464 capital employed in the, 464 grain consumed in the, 464 Docks, dry, authorised to be erected, 638. 640 Dollar, current value of the, in the States and Terri- tories, 553 Domestic industry should be encouraged, 61 products, value and proportion of, annually exported, 87 products, general statement of the value of the, annually exported, 93 products, exported in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 251 products, value of the, annually exported from 1803 to 1817, 135—141 products, value of the, from the several states, 143 — 145 8R 782 INDEX, Domestic debt, concerning the, of the United States, 720 debt, loan authorised to discharge the, 721 Doubling, the periods required for the, of our popula- tion, 26 Doublehead's reserve, a claim for public lands, 356 Drawback, enumeration of merchandise exported, en- titled to and not entitled to, 118 — 131 allowed in favour of our fisheries, 336 rules and regulations concerning, 390 amount retained, when merchandise is ex- ported with benefit of, 391 not allowed in certain cases, 390 annual product of the three and a half per cent, retained on, 392 annual amount of, on exported domestic distilled spirits, in consideration of the impost on molasses, 396 annual amount of, on domestic manufac- tured snuff exported, 396 annual amount of, on domestic refined sugar exported, 396 amount annually retained on, from 1801 to 1814, 398 et seq. excess of the, over duties, from 1801 to 1813, 406 et seq. amount of, annually paid on merchandise re-exported, from 1793 to 1814, 438—453 total amount of, payable annually, from 1794 to 1814, 454 amount of, allowed on spirits distilled in the U. S. from 1792 to 1806, 463 Dubuque's claim to lead mines in Louisiana, 358 Duplication of the population, in different countries, 25 in the U. S., 23—27 Durability of ships of war, 682, 683 Dutch tonnage, entered in the United States, from 1789 to 1816, 318 Duties, collected on merchandise re-exported without drawback, 148 derived from the carrying trade, 222 paid on tonnage in the ports of the U. S. 292 light money, paid on foreign vessels, 292 extra and discriminating, what, 293 countervailing, laid by Great Britain, 295 Great Britain proposes to abolish the, 297 proceedings of Congi'ess concern- ing the, 297 on tonnage, paid on foreign vessels which enter from ports with which American vessels are not allowed to trade, 299 average annual amount of the, upon merchan- dise imported from the British West Indies, and British North American colonies, 300 on our exports, may be expedient, 303 Duties collected on tonnage, in 1816, 309 average annual amount of the tonnage, paid in the United States, 311 must be uniform throughout the U. S. 381 on exports, shall not be laid, 381 light money, what, 383 of the, laid on merchandise imported, 385 tariff of the, now in operation, (1818) 385. 391 no, paid on certain enumerated articles when imported, 389 additional, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels, 390 a drawback of the, allowed on the exportation of merchandise imported, 390 new, laid in 1818, 391 acts to regulate the collection of the, 391 ad valorem, what merchandise is subject to, 385 specific, do. 387 ad valorem, how to be calculated, 3 87 average annual gross product of the, 392 annual product of the net, on merchandise im- ported, 392 annual product of the ad valorem, 392 do. of the specific, 392 annual product of the additional, on importa- tions in foreign vessels, 392 annual product of the, on importations in Ame- rican vessels, 392 annual product of the, on importations in foreign vessels, 392 annual product of the, on tonnage, 392 do. of the light money, 392 annual expenses of the collection of the, 392 amount of the, annually from merchandise im- ported from 1791 to 1815, 395 amount of the, annually from the Mediterra- nean fund, from 1791 to 1815, 395 amount of the, annually on tonnage, from 1791 to 1815, 395 amount of the, annually from light money, from 1791 to 1815, 395 amount of the, annually from passports and cleai-ances, from 1791 to 1815, 395 amount of, refunded, 397 amount of the, which annually accrued on mer- chandise paying ad valorem duties, from 1801 to 1814, 398 et seq. amount of the, which annually accrued on mer- chandise paying specific duties, from 1801 to 1814, 398 et seq. extra, of 10 per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels, amount of the, 398 et seq. extra, of 1 5^ per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels, amount of the, 398 et seq. extra, on teas imported from other places than India, 398 et seq. INDEX. 783 Duties, rate of the, payable on merchandise imported, from 1801 to 1813, 406 et seq. excess of the, over drawback, from 1801 to 1813, 406 et seq. amount of, annually received on merchandise imported, from 1793 to 1814, 438—453 ad valorem, gross amount of, annually paid, from 1794 to 1814, 454 ad valorem, net amount of, annually paid from 1794 to 1814, 454 specific, gross amount of, annually paid from 1794 to 1814, 454 specific, net amount of, annually paid from 1794 to 1814, 454 of the, laid upon spirits distilled and stills em- ployed in the United States, 455 amount of the, laid upon spirits distilled and stills employed in the United States, 460 laid on licenses granted to retailers, 464 laid on carriages in the United States, 465 laid on snuff manufactured in the U. S. 469 laid on sugar refined in the United States, 469 laid on sales at auction, 471 laid on stamped vellum, parchment and pa- per, 472 laid on bank notes, 473 laid on bills of exchange, 473 laid on articles manufactured vpithin the Unit- ed States, 478 laid on household furniture, and gold and sil- ver M^atches, 479 laid on gold, silver, plated vi^are, jewellery and pastework, 480 internal, general view of the, for 1816, 481 general statements of the, in the states respectively from 1794 to 1801, 483 et seq. statement of the, accruing, in 1814, in the states and territories, 490 statement of the, accruing, in 1815, in the states and territories, 491 et seq. statement of the, which accrued on articles manufactured within the United States, from April, 1815, to February, 1816, 494 statement of the, which accrued in 1816, in the states & territories, 496 amount of the, on imports and tonnage received annually from 1791 to 1815, 537 amount of the, arising annually from the inter- nal revenues from 1792 to 1815, 537 E. East Indies, value of the trade to the, with different na- tions in Europe and the U. S., 56 bullion shipped to the, by different nations in Europe, and the United States, 56 East Indies, merchandise shipped to the, by different nations in Europe, and the U. S., 56 annual value of our exports to the Danish, 132—141 annual value of our exports to the Dutch, 132—141 annual value of our exports to the British, 131—141 annual value of our exports to the French, 131—141 annual value of our exports to the East Indies generally, 131 — 141 balance of trade with the, 266 et seq. amount of specie annually exported to the, from the United States, 56 et 289 value of merchandise imported into the, from the United States, 56, 280 value of merchandise imported into the, from other countries, 56 annual balance in favour of the, and against the United States, 289 remarks concerning our trade with the, 280 Embargo, in the United States, 63 Emigrants, number of the, who arrived, 28 late from France, lands set apart for the, 359 Emigrations, of the, from foreign countries, 28 Emigration, checked by the European governments, 28 causes which retarded, to the U. S. i^S effects of, on the increase of the population in the United States, 29 from Europe, dreaded by the governments, 31 best and proper method to prevent, 31 Engineers, corps of the, established and organized, 5TS England, proportion of the people and houses in, 15 number of the people in, 28 increase of the people in, 27, 28 jealousy of, in regard of our shipping, 57 annual value of our exports to, 132 — 142 Enlistments, general provisions concerning the, for the army, 591 how regulated at different periods, 591 Enumeration, actual, the only true method to ascertain the number of people, 16 in Great Britain, 17 mode prescribed for, in the U. S. 17 acts passed by Congress concerningthe, 18 formula for the, in the United States, 18 Errors arising from the prosperity of our commerce, 59 Europe generally, annual value of exports to, 132 155 all foreign, did not import as much of British manufactures as the United States, 286 Executive department, expenditures on account of the, 702—706. Expenses, annual, on collection of the duties, 392 Exports, progress of the, 5 — 61 value of the, from Great Britain in 1700, 54 784 INDEX. Exports, value of the, from Great Britain to the colonies in 1772, 54 disproportion of the, and the imports cannot be sustained, 61 decline of the, 63 value of the, periodically stated, 82 rate of the increase of the, 82 domestic, nature of the, 83 monied value of the, no test of commercial prosperity, 83 quantities of the, a test of national capacity and industry, 83 the value of the, has not kept pace with the increase of the population, 83 enumerated periodically, 84 nature of the, from the several states, 85 domestic, value of the, exported during ten years, 86 foreign, value of the, exported during ten years, 86 all the, value of, exported during ten years, 86 value and proportion of the domestic, in rela- tion to th«ir origin, 87 proportion of the, to the inhabitants, 87 value and proportion of the, from each state, 88 from the several states, not always the growth of the state, 89 from the several states, value of, how affected, 91 maximum of certain, enumerated, 92 general statement of the value of the, for each year, from 1789 to 1817, 93 specification of the, for each year from 1789 to 1802, 94—109 specification of the domestic, for each year from 1803 to 1817, 110—113 specification of the foreign, for each year from 1803 to 1817, 114—117 foreign, entitled and not entitled to drawback, 118—131 maximum of the value of the, 82 value of the, received annually, by each foreign nation, from 1790 to 1802, 132—134 value of the domestic, received annually, by each foreign nation, from 1803 to 1817, 135—141 value of the foreign, received annually, by each foreign nation, from 1803 to 1817, 135—141 annual value of the, from each state, from 1790 to 1802, 142 annual value of the domestic, from each state, from 1803 to 1817, 143—145 annual value of the foreign, from each state, from 1803 to 1817, 143—145 Exports, anrnlal value of the, classed according to their origin, 146, 147 proportion of the, received annually by each foreign naiion, 155 annual value of our, to Great Britain in J 774 and 1789, 155 value of the, compared with the imports, 156 progressive increase of the, 10 to the British dominions in Europe, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 223 to the British dominions in the East Indies, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 224 to the British dominions on the continent of North America anti Newfoundland, 225 to the British dominions in the W. Indies, 226 annual value of the, compared with the value of the imports from each foreign nation, in 1802, 1803 and 1804, 255 value

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O) CO T-i 3 to" to* oo" 00 CO . 1 1 la*" 1 1 « Dolls. Cts. 603,855 00 59,034 00 1,403 00 7,001 25 978 57 119,447 85 00 m o o o w o< w ^ O O O ©1 00 if> OtO •* ©1 O O) . GO O O K 'S' CO ^ 00 Tf 00 Tl Tf rH ■3 oo"oo" co" o O Ol CO eo CO to CO 1—1 00 a O O O O Ol lO 50000^0 to •* K 0? 00 rH 0? OI to >0 00 o> S 00 K >-<, "> w "o 00* of T— t rH CO Q S Tf oq CO 00 eo ■<1" 1 3 00 1 1 1 II 1 ^"2 »-( 12,689 4,898 o 00 M liil rfto" Goods paying duties ad valorem at 12J per cent. value 15 do. do. 20 do. do. Salt bushels Coal do. (**' All other articles value •* o 00 i CO o 00 05 o o CO I Q 1 a 9 g "OTJOWOcOOOWOtoO 2 lOOJOOKOOOOi-lOOO-* ^Ktoai0505ooooaitoi-i i-HOjb~a>-*to'o-Hco' » TfOlO(O5G5coa0COK.C0 O! oitoocncow >-i otooooo ^to— iOllO-*0»Ka>KO'-i tOOiKK-^obtOOCOcOi-i . W-^oqcooOTfopco-rfooco » C0_O W tO_OJ_-* Ol OO^K 0_ ■3 10 rH CO >-H"(sf "OOToO rHC? a i-( to>oKai owoKooixoioooaioo 2 mTf-^totoosior^ooKi-, I0r-l«5,-l0100>i-llf>>0b- . TfcOOi-ltOtOi-tOJOOiOtO A "i "-"o "l ■* 0^ ■*„ K o> Tj<_ ■cOli-i" 00 rJ 00 00 CO r-? lO , a i-( ■^tOb-OOOl rl 1—1 o> to 1-H •V ■*" i* Ot3_ 1—1 do 1 1 |too^««,^« 1 » "►^ +' -KS 1 3 00 a OOOOlOOOOtOO^ Q oooooqowoKioo OtcO'*'*©IOOCOOcOO> .O5>O00i-lrti-IO>OrH00i-( .2 C* to eO_K CO mOQ 05 0^00 tD_ CO to T-T CO to oT K of of -* a ■* to ,-( >o a> 00 to to tjl OS ■'^ 1-t i-< of to 00 oJ § 00 S OOOOOOOOOOOCft COOOOIOOOIOKOIOCO C0-*tOO!lO0(C0^O4Tt< . I-Ii-ICOOOKCOCOCOIOIO a «0tO-HKtDO'^tOlOC0tO of CO to cjT of K 0? to ■* oT QttIn. b^cOCsKKoO^Hio 1-1 T- r-l ■<*' »-l of 1-5" o> 1-1 to 00 of en * £ OOOCiiOOiOOTflOb- Q ooooiKOKcntooieo ■*COOIlOO-*KtOKOOr-l . tOTJiCOt^lOi-tO^-^ViOS^ »• ir>io>OtO'^t-OrocoG^K = oTco K cJ of r-I" to to K aKK 0!Ot0Tt<>^©(r-l00 •0 01 00 •* 1-1 of to 00 § 00 to- 00 ■*" 1 00 1 1 1 oi >o 01 00 Tti 1 1 1 1 ■* K to to t35 CO 1 i-<^ O!^ CO 1-*^ CO ^ >0 to i-T i-I' kT to 00 i-T »0 to 0^ G5 1-1 1-1 CO 00 o> o> to lO ■* «" TH oo 1 1 1 1 00 « Tf 05 ■* to 1 1 1 1 CO ©1 w CO 01 05 CO 00 n<_ cft K K Tj. kT 00 oT 00 i-T erf' t!5 lO 01 « lO tD_ h, 0> 05 "O K CO rf TH 1-1 1 1 1 05 CO >0 T-l CO t^ CO 1 cj oq 01 01 rf a> »v, 00 0> CO 00 to 1-H of i-h" CO ■* oT oT 10 i-i 00 to to ^H o Ol 1—1 Goods paying duties ad valorem at 12| per cent. value 15 do. do. 20 do. do. Spirits gallons Salt bushels Sugar lbs. Coffee do. Molasses gallons Pimento lbs. Cotton do. («*) All other articles value H •a ^ o ^ T3 « 33 °» 1— t rr an rt -0 s Ti" Ph u rr Oi m ^ •0 h n u " a, 3 s "0 ■3 u Cl « sn u pC V S a S ■$ ««-< tM e> >-, !►> rt tS 0. a. u u B a •c 9. a. hri btt fi a >J •& OD cc d a u u ^•* f o y-t rH i ^- >00!iOT)o" Co" CT ■>*" 0? of cn 00 CO CO n l0G0h»OT&(a0U00G?UO«5O K »^ t^r100tO(OCOOOOOT-HOOOK«5 00 00 >. Ol^rHOOoOG(oOC0OOKlO00»nOKKIO©l => 2 (?I«>O>O00Kc0K>OC0tOO'-( !o05Tt*too!i-iKOioo(j|ooO'-i CO »^ cj en K0<»000?OOC35 ir> to s; •0 't °l ■* Oi >^ ^ 'H^^ 9, °O'*CT00Tt<-*i-(b,0000 ■* '* OOtOOOb-.lO-^IOCOlO-^O'HO oq oq " V " Q ZZ otocfoowsooCTtooriCofofCT to K 01 « i-ie)cn>oo«DootooCTOiO« K CO CO rH P (N «3 « (N CO -^ 00 tH ct rH TC" 00 oq «OKI005ai>-ie01001050CTOO 10 >o -*CTCOCO-*i-IO'-lOT-l,-lOtO CTi S Tj^ 05 03 01; »-- '^>t, "^ "J, ^ *-?, "^I °° ■^ OJ ca s — »-l THi-TotToT^h^TfcOGfcOlC is^ rH •3 00 tD<0 .-ICO'-I«OCOOCOK>0 oq 00 !> " too rH000»-,lO>^0>00(TflG< to 00 00 rri-<_b.C5»-..-<^00-^CTOOG?i-<_ Tf CO ra ^ KcTsTotvTtcf'^'o'efcoio'oKr ©("■*" 00 00 p lOCO«G005©I'*OCO'*!OeOCq rH 00 ©) rCrt i-l»-<05»^0'5t"i-(rH&I to >o OJ rH Ol 1-i ©) rH IfT to oq CO oq tn , tn a r-l ,— 1 i^ Q ^ 1 g -^ t- ti s 1 b S l-H t4-< ■^ S w ^ P 4S e s H|N !« fa. 2 Sh ^ G^ H 2 fl ^ • • ■^3 T—i EB fSfl." e> 0) M 1 W Eh 2 I, S'ais'3 '-^ i> .9 -2 g. t 1 Great Britain and domin Russia and do. Prussia and do. Sv/eden and do, Denmark and do. Hambure, Bremen and ot United Netherlands and France and Spain and Portugal and Italy and Trieste China and other native A All otlier countries 3 A 230 Of the Commerce of the United States. Cm O m X! OJ (U c o o •a rf p O on -. H-^ C/J S-H cS Td CJ ^ C^ &( nS OI01000100>0"0001010 uo O lO 5 OC0^C0;0G^;0;0C0G^0^i- o o> «• coo>i-iK(sooo©! <0 T-t in •^ WXOKOOOTfOtTfeqKrtlOOO CD tS ■* o o ■froOGfTl<"K CO 00 ■'I' T-l >0 O CT CO ©1 >-( (N 00 CO o> t^ 1-H a 00>000lr>"000>0 Wr-lO ID in o v, o h^oooioicotoooo^o^i-tcneio trj ^ ooo«^"o«cn»^too>'S'ooK"o •* « « >.» o "3 i-<_00 05>0 C0«OlOrHO5O5C0>O00 O (M 00 3 ^ P oTof -^t-TrtOl'rfCTCTTf'co' iCoT tC O CT CO CO to ■* rt rH .^ O ©1 t^ 05 0^ r^ 1— t '-' n oo>ooio>ooio>o>ooO'r) lO O >o 5 rHOOlOTTOOOlOTCKOtOTtlK oo(Sv>>oooocoOiCni-i«5Tfto « o m to w s Cl •S c0'!t<'*K050irt'-iOt^K>^0! 00 Ol 00 " § ra->a"_^oo >o K ooi K >o_«3>eo CO CO of CO CO 00 o to 00 Tf CO t^ ■ rt CO .-1 to"«3 O K CO O OOicOTf-^iriTfi-ii-ioOtDi-i*-, CO O CO (J!0!Tf0000c00!>On-(©!OOa> ^ !5 to l^'-HrHCT00051OO51O>O-*-rr>O 'to o o = orirTiok-'orTftCGfoioooitooo >0 00 »£ o OOIO 0!cO'!J'Kt-(CO>0'-'«3t-i »fi K l>- 1-i a O CO K N ©1 --I "-I ;o* CO ^ 00 CO 00 O CO irj ^ G-7 »f5 T-< CO 05 ^fe to r-H10COO!(Si-HG?a010Tf(0'OtO ;o to o ' K.CT>o»^ooco>ooa>05 00 o 1 .E C5or«3coooi-ro^orefo5>^'o «=';£ >o "rt ■g tOi-H ©!iOi-it£)OJO)00CTlGJ S 9 s; iS Q ©t O? W -^ ©! lO CO « »o»r5coco«OiOT-ico^0^a5'^ 00 o Tf tNCn!O00tStOrH'S"C30000-*00 m CO 00 W tn O ofofifTco'o'toto.-rotCioofoo O) to Ol 00 >00( (NO«OrH005>0000? O O! 00 " V5 CO O! K CO .-1 Ti «o" t^ «5 00 T-l CO ;S o CO o Q 'o Q i ij 1 § S to ^.a p g o u (4-1 ^ o ^ . «> a, o lO ;? •^ Q, C . . . ^^3 o o o •=-1 •P* t ^ ;§ dominio do, do. do. do. and oth s and d SI o o o Great Britain and i Russia and Prussia and Sweden and Denmark and Hamburg, Bremen United Netherland France and Spain and Portugal and Italy and Trieste China All other countries 1 w Of the Commerce of the United States. 231 93 >-, O -S OD a o ^ n ooooooooooooo U WOOOTficOWTtiOIOWOO'^tO S WTt 05 1-1 Ol Cfj K t^ CT ■* -I OO lOOOOOOOOOO aa ID I (f^^o^oooooooooto(>^ •I— ( CO o QO r, o o %^ re aj fl Oh aC a; ,o o -^^ Oh O O ooooiCTi-icniotob,>oio i-< O i-lcO'C^TfO^^^K. VS O 00 OCO TT 0-3 Gl toioo5(Na>i-it-.to'o^'<*CToo OOiO'^tOtnoOtO^i-loOOIOO to KG0tOi-<_K.00 OCnK.tDco 00 xf i-T oT fT kT lo" T)<' Tf 1-1 tH CO 00 i-H ■^00 |tooooo05ioocniS'cOT-i »^00 ItfiOCTOSTf-^tOOIINOO '-?,'* *^ ''i "-i °i "i "2, '^ '''i °° ^ G^ i-T of i-H* ^ iF^ of i-T ■R 0» CT lO i-l l0>OK.00r(Oe< tO(N00b»ioKb-tOtO00>O — H to O) CO O) 1- 00 05 i-( 00 CO CO 8 1 O CM 13 Si -s o El « O a % o u Bi Qi ;-! .2 . ^ .1 CO "5 -d 8 o ^ fl CO S* QO S -H 4) £) _, &i e 0) "^ - (O <+-< l- o ^^ V a Ot I 0 (S o « O) © o» •^ 1-1 05 K O to 0( CO tH K ■* o jj <0 CO th »^ lO O in r^ P' v-l ■o n^ T-< °'1°° '"' ■^ h. b- Q tCSto" 00 ?f m lO I CO O CO CO O O'*e!00 to lO 1-1 3 § lO coco O»O00G^K OJ Ol m a = » (MO) a> (o^ 05 01 CO o OJ ° CO ofrH OCO 00 si lOOQCSOO oootow 1 ■ CO O CO O K««SC0 tOOO'H I CO O CO c4 O) o -^ ■V -^oocoio o-t to o « oooW'* codOleo UO 1-4 s 1-1 1 o cq « CO o «> to to" to OD O 1 O 1 CO Ol >0 00 Ol O to ■^ ■^ 1 >0 1 «3 t, CO 00 rt to ■^ 1— t , O -^ O I-H Tt »^ GJ 1-1 >o to i ^ to »^ i-H O t^ CO « 00 to . 1-; o lO 00 T-( « ^^'O K>o «. «^ Q CO CO O 'J' to >o en WICOO! (OWb-OO ©1 o oq 5 « IcOO TfCOTfO'O 00 lO CO 9J K CO.-I 0000b-(M'-l b~.H to 3 s ai t^ 00' s ^ Q lf> Tfn-H 00K-*COTr to i-H 1-1 1-1 T-t oo"o o 0( lO o 00 M COOOOOJ "OOtOO 1 ^ o 1—1 "oocoiH Kmom 1 (j> in Tf . i-iOJi-iO tOb^OTf at o 05 CO J2 »o>o"ocio tocot^oi to 00 00 3 tOGJrHCO ■^©J'^'O l-H_0< 00 Q CO (N 5 ^ CO b- CO Ol 1 to 1 >OtO S CT »^ Tf 1 o 1 00 Ol "^ o 1^ O) OJ J; OS a> O CO Ol 00 00 CO 1-1 r-( h~ b~ o o cf trT cff CO in ofoT CO «-i ■* o» ■* CO 05 -* rH_CO co" G«|t.o> oo-*«stoe( 02 s >, 0>lQ)tO W'J'OtcocO >o o Vi •3 1 i-H_ Oi^'-i ''i °i ^ 'I, "2, »-<■ i-TTf" 1-T to 1-3" 1-7 CO lo o V3 o C8 lf> 1-1 (N lo CO O rt Ol to s 3 00 1-1 1-1 CO 1-1 ^H o ■*" ©ItOi-ioO TfO-sftO 1 T-< O 1-1 tOr-li-IIN eoototfj 1 K O J; 6J CO 0_ CS K; »-. Oi^ TT K;, 1-1 oq CI O i-OrHco i-ToTcoto 00 00 s ©1 i-< iM to W K 1— < T-4 co" ■* CO ■* CO CO o 1-H GO P^ g w ■ QQ Q A o O t4-l O Q 1 •port inion 8 s m aJ S ® _5 8(^ NH a j3 S'O'^ m .2 -S ^ tl 'i a to •1 d o o-fl "S "S 1 Great Britain and d Prussia and Sweden and Denmark and Hamburgh, Bremen (iermany. United Netherlands France and Spain and All other countries s O 1 O rr J Of the Commerce of the United States. 28.H 5J o f-N o a o b^ TC^b^ •0 CO 00 b^ b^ to CO i cj 00K00CT>«OCT TfCl'^rHOOtOfNOi .2 ©! 1-1 1-1 ■* ■0 % 10 (N iH 10 10 § to 00 to 1-1 Oi to ■*" ©1 to CO CO Dolls. Cts. 13,102 76 55 888 03 14 74 43 96 2,101 79 1 11 •* 05 10 « •-H to to" of l-H 10 GO u s ? i Dolls. Cts. 300,948 84 2,521 17 140 58 2,409 48 7,707 33 5,367 42 00 to oTbC 1—1 CO 00 00 i-h" l-H CO 00 M Q0CTV5 CO 00 no Tf to to 1-1 to s l-H 0? i Dolls. Cts. 117,924 84 4 95 7,992 27 132 66 395 64 18,916 11 9 99 to ■* to to CO >o Tt ©I 1—1 to s 00 l-H •S g 00 to CT ©1 « K 00 b^ 1-1 to b, CT CT 1 oo_^ 10 tv. to to crT 00 i-T to" lo 0? •v &( ©t 00 >o co_ GO 00 00 05 1-1 ■* 00 uo CO 00 co" 00 K w Tf m GO 00 00 O5O»00tO00O>tOG0 ■*rotf ^00tOGJ_C5 ofi-T -ph" Tji" -^ irT W « rH lO in 1-1 1-1 cq" (N "*! irTof 1-1 b- to__©( 1-1 00 of CT 5. Lead and manufactures of lead, paying a duty of one cent per pound. COUNTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED. Great Britain and dominions Denmark do. Hamburg, Bremen & other ports of Germany United Netherlands and dominions France do. Spain do. China All other countries IS 3 B 234 Of the Commerce of the United States. s« cS o >-, CJ -t^ rl r^ P o ■ o rH cC *p-H CO -rJ o aj 00 •^ o •-. Ph (N o .S OD •>rt r/i flJ ■^ Ti. O 43 •r! -P 3 S3 g) 0) « CM '-2 o -^ :S & o •3 cc .3 05 ii Si p^ +3 aj IS jS o -*^ «f-i n 4-3 ^ e C3 ^ 0) 0 "O K ■* Tf Ol t^ h. •4 m_ lO « rt Tt< "O >o s % "rt" G-f 00 00 Q •^OlOKmOOCOOr-lrHlO rH 00 CO >-~05IJ)©10CT-*'OOi©!W OlT}- ■* a to o CO lo m -V 0? ©! CO 00 C0_^ 00 P »H « OlOOO Ib-OOOh^tO lO lO CO <« CJ O^ 1 O »^ K Ol CM 1 K . rH lO to S en ^ T-) »0 CO G^ »0 to K • co_^ o oo ■g lo m of 1— 1 " rH ^^ >o looioomioo ["O lO 1 v> 00 li-i-^KTCO^O I-H 00 CO to 00 CO -H K to CO to to__ o m -. .. •, ., CO CO « »^ oo" 00 oo "o 00 CO ©! (N Q 1-H ^\ « ooooooooooo o o o 5 •ooooooooooo >0 O >o 1 KOiolOOOOOiOWiUO 6! UO »-• o O'Ob,Oc0>^©!'OtOr-it^ to CO ©( >- oo :3 t- 00 CO Tf >0 "O K K CO CO CO o> t^ ©I O 00 •^ <-l CO rH CO irT >o ^ 00 « ©( rH ©I loOO |>000>rjO lO lO O lO OOCSO lOWKWlO) l>o ©1 o « lO rH 00 tO>OrHTfOO O (N t^ in ^^ .. ■^ r-T t-TcyTTrHl" rH 05 rH tC CO I 00 00 00 ^ »^ 1-1 rH Oi iTftOlotOK-lO IrH cn I 05 « b^ uo lo >^ Tf ■* w t- K ■4 ■O ©! rH T}< lO >o o 00 uo of 00 00 TtOmh. WOOOOOrHrHlO rH 05 o? >-* j^oeiwoco-^ioooitN Ci ■* Tf .'t£ w CO >0 CO "1^ ©1 G? CO CO B s lo' rJ 00 O? c? OOOO |»^O00b-tO to >o o lO rH 00 CO so rH lO CO 0? "O to »^ 00 . oi .» 2 lO lo" &I T-^ 00 1-4 1^ y-^ o ^ Ui Great Britain and do Russia and Prussia and Denmark and Hamburg, Bremen an United Netherlands i France and Spain and Italy and Trieste China All other countries 1 tn H O u « Of the Commerce of the United States. 235 o rt aj !-< O I+-1 *.» •ci 5 s a s^ ■ fH 02 -a Ti V w -H •3 rt< P CO (U T^ 6 T3 td -H S3 CO 13 « Ph i=) •B &0 Cm .3 '^ -t-J fl CS Oi G^ CO CO 0? CO 05 lO of S b. G( CO y~* GJ CO to w . Oi in ' -BOW P CO to Oi en 10 2 tC of CO >0 Tf 00 K CO 0( ■* >o 00 CO CO ■* T- K >0 ■* M CO 00 0^ of 0" r^ . tH CO >o >n to CO 10 co__o Tf G( 10 10 CO 3 00 » CO oq 5 M «^ NO 1 ^A Q CT M 10 00 ■* to (« &! m to rf lO of ■0 1—* CO 10 1 uo lo >n G^ 1 G( G! K 01 00 00 K T;f K G! >0 CO >0 G5 K Tt iCco" 10 CO K s -^^ 00 00 CO G! >o to 00 c? S 00 •3 00 ©1 Q 00 10 00 i-H 00 to ^ 01 T-T T— < CO 10 >o >n K K Gl 05 ^ CO "^ ■^ M a> 00 G? C0_ i-H Gl^ CJ CO M rH oq M "O "O K G! >n CO 01 •* M 05^ CO 10 CO rH 10 I— I I-H iH ■3 «2 05 s c to 00 ©! CO CO 00 E lo 10 K »o to -# CO >o t, b- 10 OJ ■* Tf oq_ 10 ^__ ■* \ >o K 00 co-^ 2 lo Gl 10 M 00 rH « rH ©! 00 00 & ■4 1—1 00 ro «o_ •0 00 to 7-( i^ I CO CO T-* 1 ,-1 T-H CO CO CO (31 bC 't)*" co" 10 KG! Tf 00 >o - CO_^. loco 10 rH to en c<5 oq 00 « CO « ■* to to'oq co' G5 C31 to W K CO K rw K CO Ci oq tt rH CO oq 00 Tf CO "O 00 >o t- of co" CO CO T-H 00 ocT CO »H ■* 00 Tt to to O! CO O! to erf CO 10 G5 Cs 1-H 00 CTj to CO OCO of K "* CO CO I-H I-H lO ■* ■* rH .CO K KrH m rH CO CO 1^ CO CO 00 ^., £ •S s- a 3 1^ i -§ ■I i 51 0^ u T • '-" 1 g .2 "a, ^ c . ^ g .« ^ ■£-§ III! 3 1 |i 1 1 11 1 1 |,I:I4 l^i ^ IZJ S^ &*) ^ S u S S 51^^11 S g os.ti a ° Is- / 236 Of the Commerce of the United States. o o ei e, rr T3 fl T)< ^ o 00 .s o -d 00 O) •^ -I.J ;h «> o (M ft o 00 S 'o .O o o .1— ( 0) ft o o B ft la lo lo O >o in O >o in o lO >o in lo in. 1 in 5 i-H b- K 50 04 Tf O to S to rH O CO m 1 in • 1 OS 00 05 >0 W O 00 ■* rH CO OS to OI Tf tC w ©) TT n-l fJ "O "* O •O CO G? m »^ w 00 00 iH "o to_ "o ■* tH lO CO rf OS to rH ^ oq OI « .. n n n 00 ^ w 00 (N "o 1-1 05 -f o? to Tf w Tt" 00 CO K 00 OS -p o n CO !-< O O i-* O^ V3 K CO ^ 00 CO 00 O OS o o 00 1 CO CO 1-1 O ■V •* to_^oo 00 CO 0 O O O >0 O W5 >o o •o >o o o m 1 « 1 m O to >o ts cN lo Tf in o o o »^ ■* rH OI ©» (J> rf OS 00 ■* i-i Tf 0» OS CO OS '^ CO b. K. s ^ (^ lo CO -H o -< CO ■* « W 00 K KrH* o to •* rH m 00 T-l oT 1-t OS 1— ( T— 1 1-* 1-* y^ rH 3 o >o lo m o o o lO O >n K Ol CO OS 1 OS lo K 1^ K O O >0 oq >o t^ ■«t •* OI rH 1 rH CO O OS T-l CO G» »^ 00 lO 0? to rH ■* OJ cq i GO ^ >o CO to 00 fi h» to « 'O K, 00 rH -H rH r-^ a t^ CO -^^ to^ CO 00 o? K CO* of co" oo'to" rH CO 00 oo" CO OS 00 OS- lo ei 00 rH K « oq « oi O O Q in O O O >0 O »fs to rH rH 00 o 00 u >0 O ifS O! "O "O O cs >o K ■* ,^ OI »^ OI in o to O 00 Tf CO K O? ot CO CO OI o o O! to to 3 o 00 1-1 ^ to CO to « t^to ■* esq oi OS OS b- rH t^ in T-t "a > o 05 O to O to lo CO to of c-r of of to^w o csf 00_^OS ffS co" CO in in 00 »^ .-1 OS OS I*' ■* ■* s lo o c O o ws >o ■fs O in in OI CO m 1 in u t^ lO O ITS O OI O! O! r> Y-l o o m rH OS b- »^ CO 00 O ^ OS CO O! ITS rH ^ IS' CO in CO CO "o 00_ OS OS OS b, io_ io_ ifs K 00 ©I CO OS in in •" Q ■* Tf ■^odi-TrH hTrn" ifT co" ■9 TT 00 rH rH r~^ o CO CO CO b^ ■* .-1 to CO O OS O ^^ OS CO rH »^ ^ 1 rH tS? tf to 0» •« 00 TJI Tj* O? ^^ CO to 1(" OS Oi 1 >0 CO t^ t^ CO to CO lO of C5 of K. OS of ^ CO rH tT O CO CO OS to in to in T}1 O) K rH IfS T-i OI OI >P CO CO CO to ■<}< b, 00 ■<1' >f5 to O >0 vs -tf OS OS OI o OI ■J 00 K OS O ■* 00 o O CO to OS b, to Tf 00 to i r-i O CO K O K m oT of ©"of th" to"'* CO, of to K to hC o in rH y^ TTtO s «> d ■g 5 a ions Bther ports dominions do. do. it 1, il s^^ £ 42 E IMPO inions do. •^1 lO ^1, O nd domin: men and ( ands and ries 'fe' COtTNTKlES WHENC reat Britain and dom nited Netherlands and 11 other countries s (ft tn f a o Britain a urgh, Bre Germany i Netherl e and and her count ! o reat amb nite( ranc jain lina Hot ^ o5 cSW Ufaxu< o OP<1 Of the Commerce of the United States. 237 Qi t3 O .-« - o o o _ o * GO ^ o ^ .3 a OJ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o O -H 05 U 00 00 00 o 00 Tf o ©! ■* tN to 00 00 00 Tf 00 to G5 4 O "O lO O to to Tf 00 tn >o »•- O 00 rj< K »0 CO . 05 w ■O Oi ^ o Tf 1-4 o> »o oi 00 Ci 00 CO to CO 1^ 00 rp Oo 5 00 K K «3 (N to O OJ 00 >o « b, rr to rH Oi K. G5 O n n A n n n n Q lO tH rH lO W 1-1 CO lO 0> 05 1-1 05 rt >ooo K U5 >0 i-( lO O 00 Oi o. o> *-( 05 i-( to ^ •* en o o o o o o o o o o o O O O 1 o to •* -4-1 ©I ■* so (O ■* O O ■* O 00 Tf Tt O ■* 1 to 00 t^ a ©! «N rt •* to to T-l 00 Tf to 05 05 05 00 O 00 1— < i 09 O^ 05 ©I O »^ (35 G5 iro to O ■* CO O rH to t^ 00 « o> >fS «> K 00 r-l 05 Tf tC lo K I-I Oi >0 05 05 '^ o « ■*" oC oo" tC ■*" lo" co" of CO to" rt TT rf" of of to" to" lO CO en to •* »^ lO 1-1 T-( 05 1-1 t^ rH to n o o o o o o o o o o o O O O O r^ <0 to u N ■* to 00 00 O 00 ■* 00 to ■* tr 00 05 00 05 00 GO c4 (N to 05 ■* I-I CO K to >o to o O) CO ■* 00 OS »o '. CO CR 00 O t^ lO to to K CO 05 to 05 1-1 'S' o> CO of o" of 00 ^ 00 ^ 'J' t^ 1^ i-T K ;o ifT to ^ 1-4 00 co" to" 05 O? rn" kC Tfi .-H lo O 05 1-1 s" »^ 1-1 >o ta O V5 lO O o o o o o o o o o o o o I I u lO K K O CO ■* O G5 'i' 05 to 00 00 00 ■* Itp 1 3 CT tP Tf O to to Tf 00 CO >o K O 00 rf b. to ^ rt Tf ■* O Tf 1-1 05 lo Oi 00 O) 00 CO to CO 1—1 « (N rH o G5^ to O 05 00 lO 05 h- Tf to 1-1 t- s ' kC of c? >-- G5 >-!" CO >o oT of i-T ■o 1-1 >o o 05 y-t of-" 00 CO b- ED >o o o >o o o o o o o o O O O I Tf o ■* 1 => 1 1 K "TJ O K •<»< O O •* O 00 ■* 00 1 1 1 n o K O 05 lO to to ^ CO Tf to 05 05 CJ) 00 >o .3 K Tf lO O K Oi 05 >o to O ■* CO O I-I (31 > QO K ^-tO lo t^ 00 1-1 t35 ■* ■»> XO K I-I OJ 00 o n n n n n .1 n o (N CO o cn 1-1 rf lo CO 05 CO to 1-1 00 00 to 05 I-I •*"■*" of >o" 1—1 CO (O •O o o o O O O O O O O o o o o >o 1 1 K O lO lO 00 O CO tP CO to TT ■^ CO G5 00 »^ 1 g4 W 00 05 00 I-I GO K to Vi to O O^ CO ■^ 00 to o ^* o >o c> 1-1 to to K 00 05 to 0 Cl o ■^ 05 O 1-1 h, to 00 T}< ■* ■* K Oi tCi ^ >o h- K O CO 00 K 0> to 05 00 O O^ 05 00 f-. lo o5 T— 1 lf5 -* £ (N OHO O 05 OT 00 oo" C5_ O tf 05 ■* (3» tr I-I 00 ifT to o? of to Oil rH CO to GO bCcO 00 K « Ol to to KTf r^ I-I o k^S 00 00 05 05 "O T-4 ^ ■^CJ) CO S" tH 05 00 t?5 05 O "O Js, O -* G5 G5 lO 05 1 CO ^ e «> 1 & « 1-1 to O ©I i-i a> to O 00 00 O to 05 GO 1-1 00 ■*_ to « to O K O 05 00 05 i f! ■* ef oo" t^ rt Tf CT ct" p; lo" w ^T of kC ^ i^ 00 05 of of to 00 00 t. o" 00 o _ I-I co" CO" § Tl (N 00 ■^ 1-H CT CTl K- rr O 00 O! 05 lO Ol 05 Ol 00 05 O I-I 00 00 05 CO O GO 00 CO 1-1 rH GO T-l »^ OS rt Tf 0> rt t^ TP W K Tf ■* to_^ o 00 TP o oo to" >o" o" bT O CO 00 tM of o? cT to 00 00 o? ;g^ 1-1 00 oj Tf CO 0^ 05 lo I— 1 i-T tt" ■:1<" GO to o CO 00 of "» "§ S. ^ 9i w CsS ^ -4-> a, ES ll. <4>^ o o 5^ 1 0, Hw G^ e^ ■—1 ^ '?»» • 8 S 8 1 i nd American Co do. do. Europe itain, &c. h, Bremen, &c. parts of Europe Africa. VerA Islands parts of Africa Countries 1— I British a Dutch French All other Great Br Hamburg France Spain Portugal Italy All other Madeira Cape de ^ All other All other 3 C 238 Of the Commerce of the United States. d Ci t>-. o xi ^ Cm O JH u eS (U Sh n Cm oT • 0) OJ ■H a 43 •1 P T3 o OI u •+J .l-H a Tf U o 00 n o 05 ■* 00 o 00 l-H o CO K m 00 o ■^ o «0 to (O CO tN O « K K Oi O >0 to fi l-H . a ■^ -* 00 •* fl (S K to O 1 "o 00 O O O) O? (N oo" rf 1-1 CO 00 00 Tf U5 «_ o)^ Ti'_^ q kT of CO to 00 00 q M >0 rH 00 00 (?> Oi « 00 l-H lo CO b- ■^ T»< CO Oq CO l-H l-H M Oi » q o w o O! O 0 O! O >-H 1 CO O 0 K l-H 1 o ^ 2; o> G? ■* O in >o 00 'o oq 00 Tf o> Oi « T)< 05 00 O CO -H l-H lO ll CO T-H Tf lO OI ^ o = rH Tf to CO to K Oi to lo CO CO •* to O Oi l-H ■<}• -H h» 00 K rH to OI to 00 »^ Oi T}< ifi l-H to Oi tiO >ri 00 ifToo'lO K Oi >o to" 00 CO 00 »v. CO K K ■* oq_ CO Oi Oi 00 CO ^ b* ^" o> T-( l-H Oi Tj" l-H lO 00 to l-H Oi T-( O) l-H Oq CO l-H M 00 rH £ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o I-, o 00 o to « to Tf tN O! 00 O to 00 tC Tf OI DO ■"S" t^ 0> M oq in K 00 00 00 lO 00 CO o 00 ^ i-i to »^ 05 lo o •* O V> Ob. OI l-H oq o o "5 Oi TJ< Tj" 1/5 Tf lO Oi »0 l-H CO Oq ■^ h^ ■* s a o" '* p oo" Tl<"»C to to O" to 00 rH TjT tc « »^ oq O! 00 CO i-H lo CO to to 00 l-H o> O l-H l-H 00 to »^ O! CO l-H B o o o o o o o ?g§§§? 1 o O h, to Tf Kt^ Oi rH Oi to •* 00 to to 9 25 O O 00 lO lO CO l-H rH Oi 00 to O ■* w^ ■3 o "o CO OI -* CO Oi-i Oi Oi oq^to Oi K 00 •* > w^ n to'^oT 00 -tf CO CO to 00 rH CO ■* ■*" « rt 1* -tr o 1^ ■* "O to ■^ rw o >f> lO lO rH to O! •5f of to CO i o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 6 to O O) 00 to 00 00 to ■* OI 00 T»" ■* to •* O K b» wo o in Tf l-H OI lO <5? rH Oq t- CO to to o -^ 00 o b. rH O lO (jq 'J' CO »-- 00 « W M K,tO_ l-( »v. 00 Oi 00 00 "O K Q oifT loof CO l-H* of Oi oof OMi* l-H l-H »-< T— ( r-< «i -^f l-H OI •^ to <3i to 00 O! tC ^ ■* Ifi t» rH 00 of Oi CO 00 >o to c? M Oi <5? »^ 00 O to CO Oi •* »-. lO Tf to lO « o l-H tC Oi 00 0( K 00 CO Tf 00 ■* Tf to tc >o en 00 lO rH r-i^ CO rH CT 3 .t n A M Tf K b- »^ tCof ■* o CO kT tC of r-? of CO 1-1 •* O rt Oi to 00 OI ■* o ■* CO to. K. CO CO 00 Oq ■* to rH 00 r-T IH «" ■*" M CD •o oq ■* 00 Oi CO to Oi to O l-^ Tt ■* I rH to rH O rH -^ J O b^ rt ,-1 -^ lO oq to to to •3 m uo -H CT •^ lO 00 ■O r-<^ 00 tD_^ lO K GO • « c i-fortN oo tn (3? r-T K bT to" oT ■* «C 1 2 >-l to CO rt i^ CO GO K Oi CO CO oq O 00 Oi 00 to q'^ t^ o CO r-T CO Ti >o e? CO T-l CO 00 to •* OI 00 Oi Tf to Oi O TJ- ^ -^ O M" KO 00 O 0> CO to tfi Oi 00 _J ^ Oi o « CO 00 Oi rH O "O O O tfi (N J^ OI * " r — r n ^» *, 1 »^ n .s o 00 lo o 00 M 0? Oi OI lo to 00 rH to K rH O «i CO , to K to OI OI CO to tf" r-" to duty of from gallon, n or GiD. IMPORTED. t3 IS ll l.i Mi tJQ a 'S _o "o o « 1 'g g Prussia Hamburgh, Bremen United Netherlandi All other countries 2. Distilled fram Molassef pally imported from thi or Rum. 1-c . ^ . . 12. Spirits pay\ 25 to 50 CBH 1. Distilled froi COUNTRIES WI West British and A Swedish Danish Dutch French Spanish All other Of the Commerce of the United States. 239 05 ^ c^ >-, a;i &4-< o Xi cS & o o b» G? 05 b, of oo" to Tjl of >o oi CO rH of T^ Dolls Cts. 309,105 15 216,879 10 37,127 99 11,908 57 3,527 50 rH to CO O 00 a> •* G( lO <3> oo"d' K rH 1^ K O CO o t^ rH 1^ to ■* CI 00 00 G! of K CO to •o of Dolls. Cts. 139,447 15 164,689 34 31,191 90 431 75 651 35 •* •* 7-1 CO rH lO to CO CO o> CO 00 rH CO o O) o -* 00 to to rl O 0-* CO o of CO en o"k GI ^ GJ^rH CO-tf O Gl G! Ol K O 00 00 -* 05 of lo" ■* GI CO »^ 00 G! to o to" rH to to Dolls. Cts. 1,039,222 00 681,851 00 124,540 00 43,887 00 14,110 00 §§ o to ^H -r-f «"3- OS (0__ 1-7 CO O Gl O rH to >o Gl O) o oq^ 00 to o to 00 00 s ^. "d" g Dolls. Cts. 478,579 00 518,918 00 102,404 00 1,727 00 2,487 00 o o o -* >0 CO rH Tl< o S rH Oi rH CO O G< 00 GI •O CO lO rH O CO >o" CO CO en en to ■*" •1 o oo Oi ■* o to o o >o ^ CO »^ 00_ tD_^ tO_ K. G?^ CO ooToo G? b.. V5 t30 O 00 G! G? Ol b- h, •* O CO >o of G-l to OJ^OO CO to to CO Gl to ■* G? 00 to o 00 o rH CO to CO en O CO G5 T^ O K O Gl lr> il" 00 1-1 Gi 00 io 00 1-1 oT 1-h" 1*" co" ■* CO 00 G! -* rH O to 11 2g to CO co"k" o o ai o rHto" g2 Oj o ©"hC 1-H rH Oi CO GI >o en CO 05 00 ■^ b, K »^ -H O G) 00 >o O ■«}" K Tt< oo" co" Gf rn" G? b- rH O ■* >o ^ «5 05 ^^ CO rH K, O CO rH lO rHto TC CO tn rH 00 c^ oT oo" CO 00 to CO 7-i Spirits, continued. 3. Distilled from Wine (being prin- cipally imported from Europe) or Brandy. Europe. France Spain Italy and Trieste All other parts of Europe East Indies and Africa to i S rjt; ■u e en a o a; in B o i O O a a o o Ph >i tU !3 ^ H O 240 Of the Commerce of the United States. O c2 3 CS 'O o — N o /—I ;-i rt CJ fl hO aj It) OJ ■-M o o (m rH -t-J rt o a CO 05 rH ^ -tJ iS QJ o 6 o 1 -rJ (V s CO 'S ?3 u O lO "O o o o o O O 05 05 0? « K o o 00 o o 00 00 00 o ■ >o 00 o o >o i-H CO CT «3 0« 00 O) to t- CO 00 O K iM 00 00 -^ in >o lO CO ^^ § 00 CO 00 T^ Ol to O I-* co xo b- K c» <0_^ Ol •O Ol § 1-5" of lo bC o 03 CO 00 CO 00 O" «" rt" of to"K 05 1-1 00 r-i o( o( i >o >o lO o >o "O >o o o Q o to 1 to to 00 o £30 o Oi ■^ K 00 t^ ^H T-( O Q o 00 CO 1 CO K 05 O OJ >, m en (N ■* «o o Tj- o? O 05 T— 1 CO K rt to OS G5 K 3 CO rH Ol 0> ^ 1-1 ^ cnoooooo ■* -^ ^s to »^ CO 3S a> o " di CO oc? oTi-H to" "O oT o-^ to G^ CO to O CO CO o> >o to o *o •O >0 K W O 1—1 OS o 00 '^ TP o> --I to OI lO "O 00* rf kT hC of 1-t T-H tO^K. 1—4 1— < -* CO at CO CO o to di lo" 00 o •!lH"(Sf 1—1 of co' o o o o o o o o o o Tji Tf O 0? to to 00 00 o O CO K 00 w to o< 00 to CO 00 OI 00 ^ K t- 05 ■«)' O 1-1 ■* It to i^ 00 CJS — ■ O ^ ^ C « CO K >^ -fH lO o) t^ w »^ rt CO b^ «o O "o O O 00 to l-H >0 l-H rH 00 CO « lO en »^ 1-1 to K 00 3 1^ t^ lO OJ 1-1 W5 O 1-1 ^"°^" •* of IfT 1* to" enio CO 00 rH r-< 0^ 00 1—1 to t^ lO G5 rt « IT) K i-h' 1—1 ■S o o o o o o o o o o O! 00 1 00 00 to o to O h^ K »0 <30 >0 Oi Oi o o o ■* o 1 o o^ 00 o 00 Oi rf 00 o 00 •* 01 O G^ 00 1-1 o CO >o 00 3 S 5 tO__ ■*_ CO Cfl 0^ ■* oj, to_^05_ K TJi O! 0> KtO_ o 'a > 00 Q oTiocoioo toto tCco CO 2 i-Tco" 00 K oj 00 to lo 1— t T-1 Oi a>rr 1*' rt 1-1 o> to o of o of CO o o o o o o o o o o to 1 O 00 o< to o to 4^ Oi to W O 00 O 00 CO o CO >o 1 00 to o> o> o tjl CO T-< r-f O? «^ 00 Ol 00 00 o O -* Ol 1-1 to en t- o5 .2 Tt O t-^ !-< 1-1 00 w t- o K to "O 05 to 2 2; m o "o Oi Oi CO to to lo CO c>to CO 1-1 ^ o "^ 05 T— 1 ^ Q o lo ■^" lo CO ifT CO oTo" oT is »^ •*"td 00 b, Ol to ■* CO Tjl rt CO 05 1-1 ■* CO i-l T-( Oi b- o of o of O 1-1 Ol to ■* ©( Tf to lo 1-1 fc: fe2 "-^ F> 00 a> Ol to O 1—1 to O O) r~l >o G^ CO O O! OJ lO K Tjl rt 05 3 CO>^t~;CO'* N.'-'i Ol K >o >0 ■* G5_ -* Ci CO 00 00 to" to' of tfT gT i^GO* tCof •'J'" oo" to i-T to co"t)<" oo" oo e^ --1 ■* o "o o Tf 00 F^ 1-^ ■^ ■* lO CO to en o "O to to TJI 1—1 o^ ai in to 'o CO CO o o o lo Tf 1 tr en 05 >0 »^ £. CT> 1^ CT) CO 05 CO -^ o -* to 05 CO 1 CO 1-1 00 t^ o § K 0)_ CO Ol Ol <^ oi otfocrtvTKO coco lO CO CO of CO of bC co"co" o? S Oi t-( fc^ 1-1 O 00 o? ©! rt T— ( ?* >o to 00 (§ *H V3 to W rl CO 0? to" to- h- t^ CO CO CO oj^cn lO to" rHi~r o o o"of en 00 CO —1 00 >0 ■* lO 1-1 CO CO Ol S "* K "O 1—1 lO lO — 1 ■^ co" 0? 00 to to" 05 1-1 CO CO ic c ■* 1 CD a> S . . . "^ § 'ST' e -s o o o »:> H 0) s « . . . . -t3 '"' o o o o o fl -J- -o -B -0 -a TS g pq 02 H a fn cc ■< ■o" •2^ 'o "^ 3 . §»& J i CO H o W S O O TS IS ()) o -u u •r^ ti o CO ^ ■^ +.J x( o c '& o o .s <» S3 (U ?. Oh 53 cc ^ O eS GO .& 2 ■B o >o lo »n "o o o ■o o V) U r-l 00 (N M K b- CD ©! O O! oq K »^ K oq "o >o bo o bo t O) O bo CO 00 CO 00 rH CO 00 05 K to K tC CO to lO >* rM O W »-i o? 0> 05 «o CO T-< ^^ CO K CT^ OS Tt* »o 1-H oq K lO 00 O .1 O «5 lO ■^CO Tl< to w ■* rH rH O O K to K to bo 00 ^ a O (S of 00 tH ■*" 0> rH* 00* of to" 00 lo rH ■^" of ocn cT 1-1 OI rH I— 1 1-1 oq rH b, CO CO 00 ©1 « 00 00 «3 1 05 tD 1-1 lO K J-i 1 rf O ■* O O XO O O O UO o o o ^ Ol O O! o o oq o o >o K tn o >o i- rt lo oq !0 « to ■to >o o b- O 00 CO to (35 00 oq oq O § M ■o o o o 6 ■o o •o lO lO O lO « K t^ ■o o ■o o ■* K K CO 05 00 >0 ■f> to Ol Tf T)< CO to rH CTl oq oq oq o la 05 t^ K O K 05 CO to a> to to 1^ 'O CO rH rH to cn •f5 t^ O) K ■^ oq O 00 o K rH ■* oq oq ■* c rH to Tf oq a ■* tH (o'co'^Ci-h" lO 00 »^ to O to rH ■* rH CO rH Tf K« •^ 00 rH rH rH Ol 1-^ oq lO O Tl >o o o >o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ■2 lO CO i-< O •* 05 N to to o lO lO "O lO to o o >o o lO 00 to o lo o ts (N ^ K t^ lO to O to lO rH Ol ■* o >n :£ n 1-1 >C G^ ©l tP >0 »-< CO rf 00 CO to 00 00 to G» C7i lo Oi lO o 1 00 1-1 to Ol >o OJ^rH o CO o lo lo tf OS oq b- cq^ tj< 1-< Q «0 lO Ol CO 1-1 Oq CO o? >C >o" of bT 00* o" o" bTto" CO bT to" K 1-1 iH to 1^ CO G5 00 ©1 CO 1-i K CO to CO K oq rH rH oq Tt< ■» oq bo O UO O lO uo o 1 •o o >o o o o o o o o o o O zS 00 1-1 en CO 00 o! 1 O! "O K o o >o o o o >o o o o V O) b- O 0> KO 1-1 ^ h. to oq o <3» 00 to K oq >o o ■o 9 (fi 1-1 rt O ■* Tf u Oi >0 CO •* tjq o oi »o »o CO rH S »o "3 o ■3 ■^ to 00 CO <3 t^ O co_ K GqOi00b-.rH oi 05 cn cn f» ^ a of Tl<' th 00 (N iH 1^ T-* O? to of 00 K of 00 i-h" to oq CO o> oq bo 1-1 1— 1 1-i rH CO o o o o >o lO o O O o o o o o o o o o o O Oi to O lO ■* to CO 1* "O o> o o o o o »o >o o o o r- GJ oi (S r)< to ■^ rH « 00 »^ K 00 c:5 <3j oo to JO -"tt* T-< i to CO (S b, a> CO to Oi to ©t 00 to rH rH to rH b. to »o o 2 1* 00 00 (N O 1-- b» (35 CO to 05 to lo Tf -^f rH c:5 rH >0 to ^ n ■* >o ■^" irT to* ■* tC 00 00 -<" of to to" OD 00 o> CO 1-1 ts? oq m to ^^ >o rH to Cn 00 to T-* 1-1 CO »o Ol CO >o to m rH K O? .1 K to to lO -* -* o bo rH K rH b» Tf to tfy to bo CO to lo Tf to to CO 00 T-1 to 00 00 ~ If5 rH 00 05 bo rH to oS ^ Tf O 00 rH Cft to ■* lO Ol ""- io_ b. CO CO cs to 00 it^oo S >o i-T o to -^f oT CT i-h'c? o CO" Kt <3f O to oo" O of "^ tC O O CO (N K 1-1 ©? 00 00 o ■f oq rH oq tf T-1 rH 00 to 1 lO 1-1 1-1 Tji OQ 1-t O) rH oq rH 1-1 05 rH to C3i <3) 00 1 OJ CO O oq CO o 1 ©1 o to lO oq 00 o CO oq I* 00 lo oqooboGoocotooi o o to to Po § S2 o b- to CO to 00 oq o ©! 00 ■ oq^ 00 m rH en 3 o 00 of O of of CO* 1-h" CO oT Til" o •o'lrToo T^ of-*" CO rH rH O ^ rH CO tH Cq rH 1-1 rH K is 05 oq rH rH to rH 0? C4 to Tfl O O CO rH oq •<1< 00 to lO to rH to t-jcooorHcncni-o^ oq K. to 00 00 (Sq to to Oi rH "n b^ rH Tji ■5)1 bo lO to bo o cn to O to o to K CO S5 o CO OT 00 00 lo CO ■"if rH <^ CO Ol CO K to "O ^ 00 rH CO of C0*>O CO rH CO CO of rH to i-^'-^-^ ■* ■* to CO 00 cn >o b^ Tt> CO bo (A 1 g colonie 0. 0. 0. _.|" IS OR .s 'S o •© TS" 1 S jH -d -o "d IS- 45 11 G5 o 1 •c 4) 1 ©1 § 1 H^ ^ &] "fe* 1 1 1 s and ies - and and and 1 3 d Ame tius pine is { CO w 3 H & British West Indie Swedish West Indi Danish do. French do. Spanish do. Dutch do. All other countries I' West Indie do. do. an East Indies and Mauri and Phillip r countries 6 O O to Danish Dutch Spanish British '. Bourbon Manilla All othe 3 D 242 Of the Commerce of the United States. (3 o be a >^ o I it a ■^ o u 5 '^ ^ 00 •S g 1 C^ PU o S 2 'a -2 1 ^ o B oo is &4 s 3 - OO'^OtOKtOO h-THOk^TP-H S "O 0 '-' Q ■*" ifT flo'o co" of of C3? to" o> OCOOOIOO^ ^00 rH Tt il CO 0» OJ tf CO 10 ■* 1-1 to o> to to to to of of lO 10 o oo Dolls. Cts. 96,038 60 16.369 20 20,851 70 36,175 05 432,904 40 24.025 85 1,702 30 1,313 40 123,133 SO 99,130 80 3,747 35 2 00 1,530 70 m to ©1 >o too? 00 •* 10 to ?2 to CO C4- o 00 Dolls. Cts. 88.277 05 2,674 80 10,029 70 69,444 05 1,293.506 30 67,228 30 3,734 25 7,480 90 341,260 15 128,890 50 31,052 10 142 30 422 65 s§ CO to il CO Tl<"'o CO »^ o? i 1 < Dolls. Cts. 500,279 00 174,617 25 529,085 00 1,994,903 25 3,921,191 00 1,066,128 25 10,520 25 12,213 50 2,098,945 75 1,932,700 25 97,683 50 422 00 520 50 « w o> 00 ■HI' oTio CO 00 CO rt of of 1-1 1-1 00 1* »-( oo!to©!>o omob^ow COlOOOloKOlT-i t--tO'*tOOc« .2 cnTr>r>K'-iO!>-i totDioeOi-i>o ■3 '•i ""i, °i ""i ^ "1 "i "i^^ '^ '^^ OOOOOOOCOOl r^ Oi 1-1 TC rt rH K 1-1 to "^ w 00 00 to 00 ol rt to K. •* T.J'oo' "O 00 00 CO co'of 1—1 CO CO 1—1 •o_ 1-1 OO ^ »000«500io OlOOOOW g (N0>00!«'00« 10K«>0>00? lorfoooioi-trt TfoeiOi-ico S 00 b, ■* O! 05 Tf K >0 to rt rt ■g c0C0i-i0?O.-'tO ■^c0'^O!K.-< a ^" CO kT TP to 00 bCto'Tfio" of TJo" 1^ lo ©1 00 01 CO 01 OS kTio « ^• o> 00" to" W5 m to °i. 1—1 T-1 of •2 i tOCTtOm»oco^H Tfcoi-ii*'oo©? 1-1 to ■* r-l-un — 100 wooocooooo 1-1 rr CO to 05 >o 00K.00t^too -J 00 to 05 to ■q"' of 00 lo i-T of oi rt K to ■^ ■<*< o> CO a> to 1-1 0> to G^ COKCO of ofKoTrf ootsT 1—1 01 05 1-^ 000 •^ 01 O) Oi mm >o "O 1 ■» '1 O?Tf-<}<.-i00KtD OOtOtOKOTC KCOCOOOOi^HTf tOtOrl-^-^i-l b-cooioo'oo oitotooi to 0" »C tC co" 00 c? ■* to" of of -t" ©( Oq rH ©! >0 00 CO « to 00 b» CO O5C0TfKtDT}< -v a> ^ 00" of^" CO OS 00 ■* -1 00" kT 1-1 CO K 1—1 1-1 CO to" oo i-i0r)>--t0t0>0 OOOTOWtOCT ,''<1>01000«tOOO r-OrtTfTflO W-^__>O00i-H_lOtO too^ooooo-* >o" co" 00" tt ■* c> >o" b-T i-T of 00 tOlOOOOKTfK TPeiKOt K oicoooco T-0 l-H lO W T— 1 lO o to o O CO un o to 05 K CO W 00 coi-T to s '- n OG«tC0?i-O00 kookoo 2 oq oq >o K w « (S k o> tn m ■* "o Tft^TfOOlCTOT >olr>>-i0<0'<*' ri inK»HK>ooort 50>o(N«0'q'3 a ©! .- 00 00 to CO 00 oO 1-H i-H T— ( CO 00 o « „- TfOOK^OOOO (MOloqcOb-QJ 2 -^coKiooiGqto -^r^esioOGq o»e!-*coocoio ,-iTfrtk^ooo5 ri (OT)iloOJ«3'-<00 COt^TfOtNOO =: Tj- o" o"to"co oo'of ^ " Kcoo5t^-HOrH oi>o(sqoqco oq oq rt K 00 00 O 00 O ^ b- a> CO CO to 00 00 to CO lO 00 to 1^ 1 ^ <^ o oq ■* o» to ■* ■* oq 00 to r}< oq 00 Q oqcooqioi-HooGq >o'ocNTfT) oq ■* s oot^tooqooco cq ■* oq 00 00 lo S 00 o? Tf to oT 00 00 <* 00 c? oq CO oT '-' lOi-IOOCOOOl., OCOTl-*ootoirtio >ooq ^-co"-- oq to oq ■* 00 oq ^ to en ^. co^ cn K 05 b« en oo • ■*-«rGqtO'*-!j ■* i-iaot^a>>ot--i-i K'S'rHKtooq J ifjcorHiooqcoio i-icocooot-.oq S ocob-Tft^cooq ci5co»^-qo S cooooTootCio.-r oTi-I'K'ifroq'co' ^ Ci. 00Ot-^00i-f3coo>oqcoio W5b»CO>OCOCTlh- COb^OOOlOlO m Gqoioo^iocotsq o^oi-oio^Koo- = Ki-i>rip5io,-i'^ CT>- ® o K K rr to rt « . '-i^ "2,'^ "^ Tf OS to o o >-i oq r)< to to =i° Tf CO 1-1 T-t oo"'^ cq K 1^ •*" V) i ooco-a-t^cocoi-H i-itooqotoo SSSFfcr^- COCOlOOT^tioO 'I °i ^, >^ '^ *^ H *°, °l °° ^.. *„ »^ cOTfi— ioo^tmo oooq oo'otTar kT ;;!!2lsP3:a^ oGqcqiS^io °2. "1 "2, *~i ''9, '^ "^ en lo to K l-t >-H >-H ,-( ■* CO CO K to"oq" »^to co"-* K CO s 1-1 o? GO o 00 g ft WJ 'fi ^ a< o +j so t*-i rt o t 1 o rt rr 05 1 to lO OS 1 K 05 00 to I ^ OS o OS 5 0> CT "O ir> K 0» 1 «0 O ws ■g K O >o (O 00 1-1 CO 00 ■^ K 1* f) OS ►^ O i-H 00 N o> to Tf Tf K CO 1-1 T-t S CO 05 00 00 «3 O to ■* O 05 1-1 00 CO Q •1 •» ft lO >0 00 tC •o" lOi-J' of? T-H CT 05 OS 00 l-( m 00 CO »H K tH lO 00 CO 1 Tf 1 O o o %- O 05 00 0> 00 >o o O 1 O 1 K oo t w (^ CO (N 50 0> K 05 t Ol O W5 lO 00 h. o 00 00 t^ b, et CO to i-< 1-) h~ 05 ■* n 00 1 K_©( 00 O! CO TP oi CO 05 O 05 '-<' .-TeotD to K 00* ITS* CO* >o T-1 00 00 i CO T-H ■5}' 00 ©1 i-l CO Tf 1 1-1 00 05 KO t^ o 0> 00 lO OJ CO ■* 00 K 1 CO 1-1 ■* ■* O ■* G4 n gj TO ©! r- oq T-i h. 05 to Ol ■* >o ^ ■* O >0 CO -J 00 to o to 00 1-1 vs K O K CO o O^tO to *-( CO 05 to o to O CO K of CO* to* CO* O OS 1—) of 1-i a O >o lo "o o >o 1 O ITS «rs 1 ts IfS ITS o lO W W CM lO O) 1 ITS 05 05 1 05 05 K >o i, Oi CO to Tf OJ 00 O to CO 05 00 OS OQ S ■* O CJ) lO CO CO to CO O 1-1 00 ^ to 00 2 >-< m K O (M ■* 00 K t^ CO »^ >o 05 a co" tC to" oC o" K TT CO rt 1-* CO goo-g 05* 05 of to" OS o to 00 i O lO >o UO lO lO o «s 1 O 1 O o o o O K K K K o 1 « 05 K to O) l-( 1-H T(H O K t^ lO to 00 o iS' •O lo O OS CO K CO O r-l rf C5 <0 >o tS ' a 00 CO CO rr b» G5 lo Tl<"(5f tCto'iCo i-H 1-1 G^ b^ T-l OS ■o" O" CO to 1-t to 0* CO CO CO i-T «5 UO o o o >o lO O 1 W o o »rs in Q b, b- lO W O b. « V> 1 05 >o lO 05 05 o (N 1-1 •* to to r^ to OS O — 1 CO 05 00 •o to o •o "o CO o to ir> ^ K 1-1 •* OS K 0^ *H Q to lo ifT T-T Ta? kT ^ S""" co"iO 00 o 00 00 00 ■~~ OO CO lO K 00 CO 1 O! W3 CO 1 OS 00 OS Tji OS 1-1 00 1-* W5 CO ■ 1 rf •* ^ -^ >o b, h- •O O rH o ■*" •** OS ^to" in 1-1 CO 05 05 o? to WS 1-1 CO b- 05 Tf 1-1 lf> GJ^ 1-7 05 00 1-1 00 CO* 05* CO to 1-1 K 0> K lO to ^ 1 00 I o O to I OS o to •* CO CO 05 05 05 00 CO o to CO >» ■* ■^^ G5_ OS OS O ^ ««< to rH >fs O Tf •a A n •* 1 OS OS OS to O .-h' of O CO 05* tC ws Vt ©ItO TH 00 ■* rr Tl" CO a TH 00 ITS 05 OS OS a iH 05* of rH K 00 to Tf K Ti 00 I KtO •* vs 1 00 o i-c OS CO to CO 05 1-1 to rf tC to TC CO -H 00_ rH Tf O t- O G5 K CO isC 00 00 00 o n *. n *> lo" i-T o to otT c> 00 05 O rt uoof 00 s to 05 05 b, W5 00 O 05 CO ot rH »H >fS to of i-H w 0< CO 00 00 7 lonies lonies 1 Pi 'O i 8 S^ East Indies. n and Mauritius er countries Is. If 1 CO 1 1 British & America Swedish Danish Dutch French Spanish & Americ All other and Bra; O 1^ H O U British Dutch Bourbo China All oth Of the Commerce of the United States. 245 S3 o S3 -a S3 o to CO OJ ofo S3 0? o Ol to o of o 1-4 ' GO Dolls. Cts. 39,078 84 316,556 22 1,563 90 473 82 « 00 to Ol >n CO CO CO l-( ■* of 1-1 1 ■i 00 Dolls. Cts.i 62/)45 17 544,091 24 162,794 83 42,143 64 6,402 77 V5 CO to M kToT !-< lO 00 to 05 "O to o ^- to 1—1 § oo Dolls. Cts. 45,947 55 232.418 67 63,449 87 83,359 54 735 24 K O 00 o O in 1-1 ■* 00 lO to ■* oo" »^ OQ Dolls. Cts. 71,644 54 580,353 07 2,867 15 868 67 CO o TC o CO CO CO CO t^ en lOtO »-0 CO to to CO ■* o o 00 00 1-t C 3" OO h, ■* 00 tT K Tt< 00 lO O? O O (N Ol rt o 05 rf CO >0 CO i-( 00 to_o^ CO CO ■<1< Ol t-Tio 0 »^ K ■V ■* o OJ 1-1 1-1 00 K 00 00 CO to tC cf to K to T-i 1-1 K >0 tT 1-1 lo l^ of K o l-H O <7l >0 00 oj cooT r-l to^ 00 651,314 5,275,937 26,065 7,897 CO o 1-H O Ol CO rt o to Ol Ol i^ •n in CO 1— t Ol e ■pH 20. Pepper paying a duty of 6 cents per lb. COUTSTTRIES WHENCE IMPORTED. British East Indies Dutch do. Bourbon and Mauritius China All other countries - 3 E 246 Of the Commerce of the United States. o &n (—< ^ CI QJ (Cl ^ c^ ^ 03 ^ ♦3 ^-1 O ^ U (Si u h n ^M 02 ■XJ (T) Si -tJ S .2 rt) -H o Xi o o u -^ CI Tt* u o 00 OJ ■>H 6 -a o C! GO. o t3 on 4) •^ ;h ^ o c» Oh o 00 93 « ,Q '€ s Cj ^ fl "r* .SP QJ !h-i O o Um ^ F— 3 t^ ai o CO o ,«H Oh « CI S o • p-H -t-> Ph i 3! 1 1 ■* o 00 00 2 00 1 loo 00 00 t ^2 ■* •* rH lO to s •* « 00 lO ■<}" O O 05 00 oq ■^ O lo^- ksT-*" oq" c^ CO 00 >n t£> to rH ■^ ■0 (M 00 00 cq i-H tH i-i Q 00 m CO 00 ■^ rH ^^ tj> ci _• 00 O CI to w Oi Oi 9 o = 00 b, O 00 b^ rH to >o a 00 o )-< K 03^ to CO 0> CO lO ^ tt i-Too of K to" y^ K 00 00 c -v 10 n to to >o >o 5 th to CO CO CO ci ri 00 00 ■* « ■* 1^00 o> o S K -* CO r-t CI -H 00 CO CO CO iH to to "0^* o''o 1 1 IN b»tO 1-{ 5 « 1 1 -1 CO to b^ J ^ G» ©) lO h- b» o 2S tH m lo rH TjT to" rH b. CO 05 cn lO CO T-1 rH rH m 10 •* ■* to CO (S rH 1^ Q K rH ■* oq to CO CO 6 . to rt 01 b^ CO •* ^ s ^ 00 rH to N b^ 0? 10 "ea w b- CO^ 05 N. rH cn CO to > P '*" lo 10 K CO CO rH CO to to 01 cr> oq ^. •« ©I of rn" 1-^ ^ 10 00 00 Tf b. oq ■* 00 2 &I 01 ^ to ■* CO ■* rH CO s ■5 rH 0_ ■* 00 01 CO^rH (M ^ >^ CO tH CO tcTr^ lO Tt rH CO rH "O lO ^^ w r-t CU Oq rH 1-t K 1 1 >0 to 00 oq to CO Tf ■* oq oq •^ 1-1 rH lO •1 n 00 K. rH o >o w 04 1-^ 00 05 b^ y^ rH rH Oi oq co" CO oT O) to to to K Tfl O) ■o t^ TP CO 10 00 CO tj" 00 rfi' to >o ®l >0 T-l CO 'S G « rH >0 >0 05 rn'oT oq" m CO rH «0 rH b^ CO 3 CO ^„<» •0 to" to oq CO 00 K (N O to 10 1-t CO K 00 K b- ■^ CO Ol^b, K rH K «0 rH oq c* o CO CO CO K ■ a '& It . 'rS lES WHEN Indies Mauritius other Phil intries S ^"S-a a, fe s § S " J, 0^ J3 S CI Britisl Bourb Manil China Allot Of the Commerce of the United States. 247 a • xn 05 te .s CO S •d Tt< P 00 o -^ O oi CO as .1- CO Sh^ rH <=^ "*- ^ CS O Oi GO '2 ^ •S rS O 0) 1 Ph «• (¥ic'5WOOOO-J'*«3 »^ »0 00 CTtO to -1 t^ >^ rf O Tf ■^ o lO>0©!OTto »^ h, T-l Oi Oi tP O) lO to 00 en Oi 00 00 o O lO 1" ^ O^CT)00C0r-(COC0 CO K O 00 T-< 00 to ^H to to 00 b^ 4 T-T 00 K iC CT cf bT 00 oT-^ O! 00 K 00 « Oi tt" of of tC b^ 00 o rH K "O K 00 05 00 Ol 00 • lo c< oq 1-H b^ m Oi-iO)0>KKtO©) O! 00 o 00 oq Ol ■^ o -tf >^ • COT-<(OKt»~><000 t^ CO to ^^ ■" 9SS SS Ol Oi CO Q 1 OT«Oi-ilN00CTiOO O O) CO Ol "O 00 "O 00 ■* S,o CO CO CO W K Tf to^ TO !0 CO of ■*" to* o t-T of n-T to lO to co" in ■*" T-1 -^ i-< oq o o 00* lO K CO* to of o to •**of 1—1 p 00 CO ■* Ti CO y-i oq CO CO b^ 1-1 § ^ i-ICOTfO?COTftOt^ 1-1 o to O Oq CO 00 CO uo 00 o 00 o COCOOOCTiKOOO-* eocotO'oO>-ico&) o >o to t^ ■* lO lO CO r-( -^ Oq tf^ CO Oi tf to >0 CO CO o b- m CO i coocot^^o-^ooco CO OI (J? 00 00 O! 0» 'H b- m 3 Oi 1 i-T -rf K i-T od" to TjT CO b^oo_^i-<_ of tjT of CO Oi_ '^ co_^ -^ K bT to* i-T of of 1-f CO "^ 00 o T-* to 1— 1 O T-( T-1 to o 1-* 2 *" p IJl CO rt 1-4 Oi 1-1 b- to-o lO o of CO to" rt of oT oo" CO to oo"-*" of Oi of 00* CO* CO 00 ^ CO CO t^ o CO T-T O CO of a OCOh^J^i-lrtOOtO to T)< to lo o CO >o rt Oi oq T-< 1-1 o ooottOtfi-iT^T-iO) lOTTOCScOOIOOIO lo Oi K O! w O 1-1 -;)" >o lo 00 to Oi ^ tfi O Oi 00 oq ^ 1—1 1-1 J OT .-IOO>00010>-ltOO! O! 00 1-1 >^ Oi to b^ ■* CO o ^ Oi m ooWT-iTtoiooa 00 l^OJ^ lo K >o K oq^ >-<_ b- ■* oq n! ^ > ^* 3 O bT co" O 1-^" of K ■*" oto co" ■^ 00 th Oi »o to •**or oq P r-l tC <;> TJ" CO — 1 CO OI K r-( rW CO m T^ oq 1-1 00 i-( ^ 01 ■* cf Oi b. i C0(3)GJtDCTi©lcOT-l CO O 00 o ti Oi ■* Oi lo CO to b^ u Oi-^OJ^Oico^t^ o >o o 1-1 CO to «5 CO CO Tj" to to O >^ O! Oi "O O r-< O Oi OO^.H«10 0!>001 tH ts, b. uo Oi b, b^ ■* oq Ol CO O _2 Tr>OCOCOOlKO*^ « Tjl CO i-J^ T-H^ oq Oi^ OJ_ CO CO 1-1 oq o COCOdlOtOOO-^i-H 00 Oi to of CO •* to tCio 00 o 00 Q coojiooG?'-i 1-1 Ti K tH CO of 1-1 oq 1-1 CO ■* T-( ^ ©1 1-1 00 CO o ■**Gf oq oq of b.'^i-ixoOKoq^ Ol to CO M" Oi >0 <3i O O T— < 1— < o X O5C0tO>OCltO^»^ to CO K ■^ Oi o 00 lo Oi lO O b. oq ■■5 <« KWlOOO^l^K-^K W to 1-1 ■* tO_^T-H_0 oj^cq^ c s OKToTTtOOOOhT ■**K rn" coi-Titfof K to to »o g rl CO 0> >0 CO to CO Tf Ot tH tSq r-l O tH rH O 1-t 00 c CO l^ rH r-i r-l CO tH a" to_ •*Oh,lOtOTfiGOcO o 1-1 >n O b- In to 00 00 b^ T-( to oq s* coTfmOTfrfO!*^ t^ o w oq -^ lo Oi to b- 00 to i o^to>ot-.cocntOTj< KTj^wfoo'-'i^'od'toto' K O no of jCirT oj_ oi^ T)<^ ■^^^ -rr K vT -^ to 00 Ol" ifT T-1 1—1 00 CO ^ c000>O.C0O!tDrtc0 o en CO Oi o T-H O! r-l t-i -rj* to oq o to 1-4 CO of 1 00 ■w >fj a a) a ^ -is m rA ■s <=^ m o Ul ^ g a) i 33 urope. ores urope frica. Canaries frica it Indies. an coloni K| P S a3 « other' 5 of A Wes meric do. do. do. tries r 2 E- c P9 -jj^ S-. -^ t < ^g i Hamburgh, France Spain Portugal Gibraltar Italy and T Fayal and o All other pa Teneriffe ar Madeira All other pa Danish British, and French Spanish, All other an All other co: 248 Of the Commerce of the United States. M o fl cc •S o Tl 00 ^ ■^ o 1 o 00 .p4 tfl ;h (U ij 1 1 ctf -4-' §=0 ■ P^ OJ t*-l k> o n i^H ,-< "—i -u o Qh CO a;i U ^ o 2 o o o o o o o CO K o o o O o o o o o o o W Tf o o o •di T-l CO »« CO rH as ©1 TH to 00 O) Ol O . ■I a> 05 to CO rt T-l ^ lO »-, ©) « o OO BO ■-1 ■* o K >n th r-l lo to 05 1-1 o v4 5 A A o a co" (ff so oo" i oo"in" •* 00 to" l-H OI ■* »^ (N Ol o> T-1 l-H o o O 1 o o o o ^ o o o 2 o o 1 o o o o o o o o o s <0 O O lo Tf ■* 1-1 00 o ti; to oi to 00 00 T-l « 00 =3 1-1 1 ■* >0 G< 00 >-l to" 00 eo" CO to >o"rt" o « of P 00 c> — Tf lO ■* 3 o c o o o o o b^ CO o o o d o o o o o o o e! K o o o . K 00 lO to lO ■* lO to "O o? o> CO Q ra O w to O CT> Tf CO lO 00 t to t:~ s 05 -"^r^^ « -^^ rH 00 o b~ O oo__o? ie> vH n n o r-T >-? i-T lO 00 en ^ 'S- lO o? to" to K 1^ T-< OJ CO 00 1-1 1— 1 dS o o o o o o o CO l^ o o o o o o o o o o o ■* lO o o o Oi In, to K. CTi ^^ 00 ^ 00 O 00 « •<^ 05 CO "O to b^ t^ o CO to o o 05 o aq oi ■^^ oo_ oo__ K. q_ o h,°i o ^ 00 tOOO O ^rH CO COlO oT-* tC Q to rH to >o 0( o 00 1 i-<^ Oj^ to Tf lO o to CO O '- (D lo" 00 fc^ ts. CO s 00 o> 00 m O! t^ 00 oq CO CO m o o o o o o o CO K o o o d o o o o o o o O Ol o o o CO « lo •<* lo to >o CO to o o o to to 00 "rs lo O^ 1— ( t, « o >« in oo ^ .-<_ K 00 tO_ K lO CO CBO, o o Oi 1 t-T p" 1-1 >r) — 1 -q" K 1—1 k^to T}1 to »■- "O b. u 00 O! >o •-I CO »rs CO ^H Ci oq i-< O^ Ol to CO ^ 1-1 3 oo rH TT O K. "O l-< 00 of to 1—1 00 1— < ^ o en "o Q to o 1 o) lo "* Tf to 00 1 00 oq t. CO 6J. CO Tf io_ ^ 3 rs <3 ^ s -M On b, CO lo to >o ■* "O O -H to o Oi ■* eo s en >* w ■*!-<_ 00 o i-T i-T i-T ifT 00 oT " to t^ '■A •^ "£ s «! 3 o 1 g ^ O o EU s . 1-H ^^ O 13 '^ (d o o O md domini emen, &c. tries "3 1 a 1 1 » CO §3 f. B ^ e 1 H CI (5 s •S o S 3 3 8 O U atB sia ;den mar! nbur othe cj o CO O PS (B Q K -, OO £ C4-H fl o ° A ^H -t^ ,o o «*H CC ain, the +j •C S3 pq o ^-i M) OS fl S ^ ^ S «*-( O T3 O .S -H ^ fl o '3 ® |Zi H -^i ^- ^ W :S o H T^ "S r^ 5 O te •^'s 5R -M -^ ai (c ^ - ^^ T3 *^ .-a o s P gJ « o s « -^ aj ^ s 4) S S o S-, O « „ g § S Oi o (^ O o ^ t -=3 ^ •4J '^J ^^ ^'^ •^ I d ^ SJO Sh .•tt =s ^ I o o o U3 C5 o o o c? I ^ o « r- « PS a> v i3 fl'o t: "^ o ? «S 51 u a s n. p, « T3 Kg,"" o o o c? a> o o o o 00 o o © c? «o CT bCa .3 I ^ - 03 F-H 'O ni •c' "-i^ S Af U OR g M CB -^^ S o o o cf CT "*« CT o o o o ;o ©1 ■^ o o. o o o o oo (OK o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o cso oo Tf ©? to i-H O "o" ot" of i-T to o s - ^ — . h3 g O 03 o o o o o o o kTct Tf 00 o o o o O O o'o CT O 1-1 ■* CT O o o o J H ^ O , n. 1 1 en ^ 11 ■J 11 T3 .S S '^ •c £ 2 n i (d *"£ cS 5S' ^M o JSli u •=•£ •= o o >• 2 o o o o oo .s 1 g I 0+3 .a Mw-c ft. S--! C3 oo o J3 o -2 .5 •= CO s '^ o o o ©■ 00 o o o o" CD o o o o >o o o OT 0> CO (O o o o o o o o o o o o o" « oi ■^r K 0» CO i« O I " s O OS -^ _ Ml t» §§c3 2 s- S " -5 M £ t5 d ^,|§' o S.g. I I s 't M b; S ^ live s es 0) 7 -d "o 3 -^ ^ «3 t. « <9 o !^ a s ovisi mbe loth '^ ^-^^, £ o o o o o o o o o o o o o o" o o" o m ■* »^ Tf >o "O lO o o o § O & H h- 1 I g -I s -I «&. Of) &^ .a -3 ^ S c Ui-I S-^ D <3 4> o , ^-fi!^ ^^ Vl o o s o T3 e P. S o H o o o o o o o o o o o o o' o o a o> CO o 00 to 1-1 o ■* ifT th to o o o o o o o o O Tf CO K. CO of (N i-H o o o o to 00 1 TS oa en o a J3"C o a *&> ' ' is :i ■ 1 ^o "1 1 1 1 1 o o •11 1 V — a 1 en 3 O S5 Ms 1 O 4> P II ^rg oo 254 Of the Commerce of the United States. ^ k I § o- 13 V ■ c o o o o o 00 00 rH ■0 «3 (O to K 05 CO rH of oT of K ' s ■ "So O o o to" IS s^ 00 cd M u P 13 "W aj Hi ai ^ h "Ci !3 ^ « ** ^ 1A| g SflS e -S l*i <*• Sd s 35 s tto "r^t S ? 8 s. « ^ 00 ^i »— t s^ ^ ^ "« .-S S =&> ^ »v s t* 13 ^ ■s 4) »-4 1 - g g •T3 CO fi-rt . S <« . ■S.53 go. ^^"^ ■ s-_ • D P ' O" m m "O "* "^ Bi . O W « t> OQ _^«* J iSjs-S a 2 a § s s 4S SI o o o CO o o o o 000 000 000 ■o'co -.H = M o.'S * go tU . " 4) H,r^ B "■ (O CB fl O ' ° S - g «> J! CD >.— « •r; ct- c 'a ^ ^ S^ °fc.2 S V 5 s V ., -s H.||H|| B « ^ p. 1 11 s *s flio fp Xo s'"r n A- •s ^A H e 8 (11 1- |Zi st.s s=s "CB o o o 00 CO o o o 1 T— ( in to m 'S' m 00 to 1 to 00 00000 00 00000 00 00000 O 00 00 O CO bC of T)" Tf OJ re -rf 00 ■* o 00 K en t-i CO 00 CO of CO to" to rf of 00000 O' 00000000 00000 ° i 00000000 00000 ! 00000000 CO 00 CO in 05 00 I 0!OliOO'}'000!0 lo tm 00 0? -* \r» 1 KOKOlOO'*-* ^ Oi ^^ (^ 01 Oi KCOK-SfcOrltOrH of &! rt « OT bTlOOf rt rH « ^ CO o 111 2 ^ fe 4 O - a) P. ' S I o , p« la 50 w o - « *^ ta " « O fc^ -4J O ^'^E£'=oo3S O H h-1 ^ ri' CS ts en n w 01 O H 0000 0000 O O C3 O Tj^ rH 10 to" to IC Oi o O O ■* CO CO "rfoo s f^ CO CO CO 10 lO tH s -g o o "f QPP 3 o o O H 3 o 2 ° 9'a *- o n aj 'S o -cs .St3^ S o o j3 ;=) XI i o 1 -^ CI CO g -a a) o wo •-S I O u o u is o ■ o IS ^ o V . o ■■1 P WPP A/ 'aonpoja oiisdoioQ kS o 3 o « i. aj a) c4 tM t< o v ill h Id aj CL "^ oT. « u ts a •• 3 aj £5 g »"| ^"St«43.2 o o-gxi > a i ai 2 2^^ 3 3 * ^13X1 O § aj a; a> ^^ pH -3SI|>UR[|0J3IU uSl9.I0,{ 6 o -d v H-» ^ +3 ^ ta o H -d a; a)^ 11 a u S p nO O :^o O ■fg^" .2 05 CO « soo? .3 CO CO as o o a ui S^ ^ IS rS g O ui O O i o o = 00 £00 co" " CN CO .£ ^>o uoToo 2 CO w o o o o o o 1-1 >o to to ifj T^ ■* 00 CO oo to >r> to K O ti ^ H h u Pi >H 1) ■J a I 2 "d ,0 -2 . 3 o S S T3 i« (h tj V] ^^ •a a^-g P ^C« <*- -d aj ts -(3 a p4 ^ -S a) 6 Id Of the Commerce of the United States. 255 ^^M Ol CO ■^ K o» o C< 00 o o I CI O to Tr_ I I 00 CO i IS I ISS I t£> 00 CO O 00 CO o> Cfu3 00 ■* 00 o »^ K O to l^ «3 lO to w 05 00 ^ cn to Tf oq ©( CO Ol CO r-t tH T-l to P- S-sS TfOtOOOCstOi«t000500^^ TfCnrHKOJCOTr^COCOOO'^O} b^o5tsoCTrtto''tOofortOco' COO(N0005t-.tO'005'OtO>Oi-l Ki-ii-i>ocol-j(Sco<-<^C5^togob» >o"g? Ofi-rtoofttrr-r T)*' CO T-l 05cOOOCT)000000'<}icO'^ toooiocoootocsojooostoo ■<*dc5ocotdcot-locotsc5--.ir>tDK.05 004^©lOCOi^tO^HOcO*COOO WWtNOlcO-^lOlOlOOi-llOCO Kr-^sfdcSi-TtNoftO^rt^lo OW«5^(NtO^C0O)G?'-lc000 K >f>'*co;OCToo'*coO'^co CO IN ■* 0> 1-H K « O? CO -a a a g ■3 'u CO CD CO £ § => ^ ^ Ih o g s o o rh CO 13 o S . cS 41 o £ J?" s ■« g 2 g S u aj -. H — " -d-o 03 ^ .s 93 c< a W)cd •3-3 a- o jS -a -- 256 Of the Commerce of the United States. B o ■~h nzl o *^ u o ■s ti o T3. « s IS 03 I—' o o I (O B 00O>WO>'^00Kt^C0>OKrHOl 00 eiir)io>riKaiTto CN ■* K oj^OT w M 00 o w OJ, bi o i-T so" 00 wT 00 CT O K 03' O 00 00 r-T rJ i CO 1 CO ^ hJ 0'-ioasoo"*i-(t..(s 05lDK>00>0«0'-l&)^tQo'T)<'.-!'o?CO'of o 1 rHmKTC©r-IOOi-l>«CTTrO>K10 cu »^0000KO>O«O©IOtOT-o«f>o'io"o?oooo«2iooooooo'eo'CTTr' >h^om■o«oo^-ff!OTOoo"noo^DO> oiooo>oi-itoeio>o)o»^oiCTO)oo 1 A NtNr-iOtMiO'-iOlTt'OKOOCTK'^ a p ObCoroToftOGfoTto'CT'tOKOi'lfrK "S W005r-lrH(OG^©I<00)i-ICTO) r- WllOOqpHKWtOT-lCSi-lT-l "-1 tf rH i-H*^ rH aioooiKrtOKCT00rfCTiO100i-ilo©(tDtOf> d nnnnnnnnnnnnxnn B cn«0't^oq©!TjT-itOn-ilOOtOO S t^a)00OO5'-ii-(iOTtCn©100>Oi-H«CT>-HTfCT5DCT ■3 loroooooooot^ooiOTfeioiTftob- m h;^ t^ to^ CT ts. oq r)<^ «o 01 m, «3 TT TT ooh^-r!ao-rfmr^cDi-! J" OOO^CNOOi-tKOOOOO^GO-rfOO^-tOJ -* (N CT VO lO 10 ,-J^ ,-<_ to 05 CT CT 1-1 rH CH ;a T-H*!-! 1-1 CO* CO CO 1-H tOKKWOOiOcOOKOrfOlOO ©5QOOlOO>i-o^O!(N'Ntoco .S C0tD0505(Ni-iO01O>OtO 3 •a i to>oeoco-*o>^-H Tf CO CO 10 to <0 « Ce] C0tOtOTl<"irrtO"tO©f rH ^ 1-1 -rH CO'^COKKKKcotOrHCOl^OlOICTJ rHS^tooOOiOt-i'HOqKtNOOOOOto ■g-i t3 £ ©I>00'-l050iOli-l(NrHrHt.,0 h ■tnnnnnnnvtnnnnn*^ s J tOOIb»tNOSrHir>T)"COOKVOOS(NCO *a o •3 Q GOtO'OtOOtDlOrHOlt^KKOOO'* 1 >OOOOlOCO«OtOOe0 10 000010050 S coobCorkCTrooorocoorooKTcooq »OTfcoooTt>oO!(Nrfco ii >o T-JO^cOTflfttOKOOOOrHG^cO-^lO OOOOOOOOOr-l,-(,-(rHrHrH 000000000000000000000000000000 -J g- 02 ■B CO •< -S 0^0!cOTfiotOKoOO>0'HeieOT|< e; OOOOOOOOOO^i-lrHTHTH 000000000000000000000000000000 -s T-t 2 b o Of the Commerce of the United States. 257 -d d <^ O •« ^ 65 c3 & ID -ci o t: o 1 « -d D. 1^ fi] s u (V b fe ^ o s=l o V ^^ i=l C3 ^ o u aj ^ S « >-< o >o r- rt_^ « to •* o CT 05 q_ rH 00 m 00 K ^^ 05 to OTOIi'SOOlfsKOONKh-OOtNOO iO©!Ol-*O©ltnO3;b>00tpT--l •^ (NO)00tO>O^C0Ot0WtN>^>-^ to — h' oo" cT O? i-T K irT 00 K K 00 WKoto— itDcnmtotyii-i oo O-li-ioOtOi-iCTiWOO^^CntO »-< CT-^^GfwtncoirTKoocjto co mCTiOKcno?cj>'2t23N. 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" fe^ ;a O GO '^ .2 -ffi 2 2 tn » c -rt en cL ■" «i t+H a-~ o on V ° S ti -3 -O^^ tn S to g "5 rt tn >■ C3 a; ,* OtC:g .2 tn-^ O ra CD 0) ^ 91 J= «1 *> (A cd •iH^tn^ ■B g tt! ? s «> fl Clj c« 1 S a^ g' QJ -^ i::is-i§-s.2j -o s « t«--J -S -S •- ^ _ . be B, ci °--o ta 3 == ^ a--" „ S S a a. « ra S 13 2 °^ S ■2»iagoSBS.^i=^ a u a' --TO ^ "C •!:" ^ ■" ~ <" -i-j S ?g B,ro J2 t; T3 J3 C .- O O) ■y — «^ i>-.-tj .5 to,^ rt go tj-a^_t*^-^ ||53§|,§.gfi.g oogiT3xiOi-( a c> ^^.."^ '2 -3 3 00 00 g tj 260 Of the Commerce of the United States. S s <3 S Oh CO S «. C/5 CO 'i:^ u &/) i ^ to' (Xi to ^3 i-H rj to 0* o) en 00 ■* CT to CO O to oq to CT OJ 05 O K CT to to ST r-T 05 ct" K »C o? « K « r--l T- a> CO ■o 0( ■<1< CO «5 ■<1' pH ■* CO 00 t-( CO O 00 (N 00 lo to en to O CT « CT ■* 00 1-H tH CO (35 (N (N b> CO T-i h, to IN <3i to to__ to ■^^^ en K lo o 00 00 T-T ^ 1-7 00 cr> ©! to o •* 00 00 to OV to GQ oi to to »^ CO CO to to y-l •* ■^ O 00 ^^ to 0>' ri CO O tf to K to c en en ■^ w K^to B to" (ff to oo" oo" G? M T-i Oi Tf en b» »^ O »^ Tf ©! oj to ■<}< 00 o 00 00 o 00 to to 00 to CO to 00 00 00 i-H CO i-H G! CO to O >^ Ol to rH to o en Tf CO to K to •* th en to l-( l-H l-( T-H ■* T-i to 05 Gl Tf to G! 00 G( to to tjl rH CO i-( o to CO G! O ■^ CO 00 Gl ■* O CO r-) to T-l to 00 CO CO en oi ■* 00 CO t^ o •* to to CO 0? cr: to of 00 T-H 1— I Oi O^ CO CTl lo a> o b^ 00 GO ■rt^ urs »fj CO »o 00 O? T-^ CO kdo O G^ »n G^ lO 00 00 CO lo O? l-H <:£) T-H P to to ■* CO rf o w 0> K to to to Gt g O)^ K to -Tf tO_^ CO := idfT tH to 00 co" ■* en o to l-H t, G5 G! o T)i en tr b- >-i ,-1 ■o to to CO to CO o o "^^ ►^ '^ ""I °i '"« s o CO to -sr rf to .5 to to to 00 Tf K U ^ rH T-H T-H 05 o G( >-> 00 G? o to to o to" to CO G! CO co_ to" to CO % to to t^ 00 Oi o Oi en C) d Oi o b, K »^ K K 00 ^ o ■3 IS (U ■ — _, 3 I- 6 o 3 e3 e cd o ai u Q GI ■d tS P> 4) iJQ u ^ cd a d ^-^ a >-H 00 be rH c ^-^ ? a oj S S) _< h 1 ^ 3 p^ •-§ 1=^ I s 1 is; tS ^ s a 1 "rf fll 0-. S ,-4 Tl a »< a >:> oO J3 ^ ^^ S be rH c •43 •P,iii ^ -■a v^ U Oi a. M^ to n OJ [A Oi J= l=L 4) ^ ^ S A =< w H ti z'— N ^ OJ hi Oi -> Of the Commerce of the United States. 261 ^ ^ e •w -^ p s^ e 1^ « CO ;j <»J -« u e 1 J. <5J "w c2 «i c^ ^*.* s o -H « t3 s s ^* s o rt 1^ ^ « § o s e 05 5X CO J> ^ S^ ■^ »s; to ^^ ■S 53 R ti ^ 'xhibit both 5> fe^ — «!. A tOG0'^G^lrt»nT- K s^ TfTfKtNOJOTftOtfOOlo 1— ( If "s-s CTrteOG«(NO)^G^«i-<^Oco Oi » 1 ■*"•*" o'tD''*CTtD'*'oro^K " = coio'oco-^'oaieiKooi-i o CS to OTWC«r-COOO»~.OOOK. c o •3 « m" to" tt" ■* CO CO* CO CT ^ CT CO to o " TT hS TtT-i'^OO-^KtOKOOOai CO p 00-^tDO>'*>0' a 00»H-^lf)tO00*HCT>C>T-iTf 1-H 09 % a a oooooo".-rtotO(jrcoo'KC3? •* m V5rt^O00-*-*n©)©!TfO Tf tOC0'-IIN00'*O4tO00Tl"Gq to TfO-^tDioco-fi-ioicn K nnnnnnnnnnn ^ m en a o >OtD©!'S'Kk~-'^O00 — »^ lO .t^ OCOCOCOIOOWOOOCN G? •2 cOV5COtOOcotOOi^»-'K 00 A cn o ©)tNO)rt,^rHrtrtt-(rt to OTfb^COVSt^lD^HCOCTltD o .-icoa).^.-(ei.-ii^'-i'oio ■^ 00(N-*OO00i-^00O5^00lO to ^ « CQ CO* CO Tf<' >0 CO* 00 Cf —* T-H of c? oq" ti J ■^r-t^OOWKOCOOOtO « o KiootocococniocOTrm CO *3 S to" CO &4 h l-rt s E i-ir-(KK<0'«OC0o*irr'**Gfo-^c? 00* s, ° TfTfOi-HCOCOlOCO'-HtOCT> ■<»< ■^ ■3 oocococoto>n>n'*ioOl ^^ rN a o COCOCOG^i-HT-<©li-HT-(rH.-H CO irjOTftOtDcooOOiOi-i o OOlOlOOtDCOOKWGjT-l >o GO^ioOltOG^-^trjoOO^CTt o O)'-iT)<00'>i "S g CO ■* « CO Oi & = *— I i S o m < >-4 O(N>r)i-ltD>ot0O0000tD »^ O ■*coi-iTfoto>r>"r>otO-»iO500C0-*c0OJ tP to >o"'1H"c0"'**Tf TJ." Tl<*Tf*T|r CO CO M « lO "cS ■*-> o h s OTHtNGO'flOtOKQOaiO CTiCTlOJOsO^asO^O^OiO^O ^ t^»^»^KKK»^K»^»^0O H f" o e fcC B V -^ 'B- w V c Ti CO § 1-1 o ie s i-H t^ o t^ 3 >-* t»< S-J p. s 1 cd -s ^ 4) -*-* =i J- 13 ^ -fe^ *i n P« •« ■« -d OS 41 e. ^^ i>1 t^ o b[) (-< a ea 01 g ■*" K cf ■^ .-T lo" tc" oT 00 lO (O ^ to CO CT to lO « o Hi (J! '-* "1 "^ CT i s >o to" lOCTlO>i-H(S)0«OCT— ITJHOIOCO 1 00 05 K CT O CD K rH en ■* ■* O «3 rf to 1 00 c n 05CDK0>00OKi-HC?3^0?KOa0 <^ 1 ■§ ■^to"tOk-rQOO'tCo?o'K'0'd<'0 •*" ■ o 3 CDCQtOtOOifNt^'^OJ-*— (OltO o> a (S CDtOGl 0000OO-j' n-T CO oo" •* I |00lf> ItOKrHtOOO |t-(10 1 K . 1 loooilioiomb-Kl^DOlI 00 i ■s Kco rHinoito^cs ^„'~i. O g Tf !0 00 .-T t" 1-H T-T c/f o of o CO r-iOJ-^COO lOr-l 00 O Ph r-l lO "S- i-H •* to 1— 1 CTlCNtSOOCOOOOKi-lKK'-ICO 1 t- 00 cntDoo(N"0'*''-iooo-*'C>-<_ W 00 o en i-4_ 00 T3 1 2 o o -h" co" K oT rH 00* lo" oT oT to" to Ol s 05C0T)ic000'-lK'-HO'O'*OK 00 o (S ■oe!02 coOJWOOTfKi-lcol^ t-T i-T 00 T-l 00 1 lOlCi I»-,-*0?lf5C0r-ITttO 1 o m 1 K"-! I'S'TftOCO'^ftDOOOO 1 ^ S a OtD TT-^'S'^OVCSCn-* O! ^ et tore cotOO':f If) 1-1 en Tf to .-<"■*" O! 00 1 IrHO ItOb-GjTfoOlOOai 1 1 -^O ll^Ob-lOCiiOcoO? 1 to • to g tOt5» rHINcOCOGJ^OlOOO to o s rHto iocn-*'o9ioKof ,-T K ^ K en CO lo ir> Tf to ■* U y^ -^ CO GO CO CO r^ T-^ tt" tO|<3>| 1 |00|(3>O»^Ol00CTJ lO ■ cnl--*'! 1 lcn|>otDrt(NTjioo- •* V ■* b. CN ifib^OTCio o> 3 3 CO of ^ o^to o(r »c ^ O W Tf « T-l IH CO Ph .-( -tt" b^ CO 1 of CO I ICOTP IcOi-ioOcOt^coOtOO! o m 1 lejto |toocntDO(iotD<35rt to d a ^.to o^oq^cooj^oot^oi^coo tt* 1 V a ooo i-r>o"o'iooio"'^TfTj? 1—1 g 0^03 -^^^(^?O^T-^T-^OOQO ■^ a ^ ■0_Cr> C0KC0__rHtOC0«O00Tf i-T -H of K CO >o o 1 l§ 1 1 |SS§§ 1 IS? 1 b^ • ^ ^ o O COtD_^.tD ,-1 >o o ^ of rH CO" tf tsf 1 «300 OKcOOOJ^toioOCO ■^ CO to to* i-H sT irT to* CO to" lO J ■« ooo T-(01 0'*t^0!-* CO S o ■-H rt rH to CO T-H .^ rt"cf 1 lb"* IG^ajio^co 1 lo^ Oi 1 IO!r-( loOOOO-*.^ ^-^ G? 1 c o T-H^o cotocnwoo loo in 00 oTcointd^trr ooo o Oh "oB ClOT OCOtOOCO THrH o O O O! lO >0 CO o CO a to u 4) h 'a 'S' OJ o ±:> p— ^ o t Indies st Indies erican col Indies it Indies do. do. do. do. s (general o s hEas itius h We Am [East ^ Wes ish h h 3h [as Indie tn •EtgC'S 3-13 ^ S 2 S^ £ ?|5 PQi^W Q CO P fn CO PH B tC 1? S ^ 2 264 Of the Commerce of the United States. Statement of the quantity of Spirits, Molasses, Coffee, Cocoa and Sugar, of the growth, day of October, 1814, and ending 1815. WHITHER EXPORTED. Spirits, ma- Sug ar. terials other Molasses. Coffee. Cocoa. than grain. Brown. White, clayed, &c. Gallons. Gallons. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Russia ^_ __ 303,490 ^_ 140,653 — Sweden — 32,284 56,000 — Swedish West Indies — — — — — — Denmark and Norway — — 39,506 — 1,410 — Danish West Indies — — — — — — Danish East Indies — >— — — , — — Holland — — 1,608,170 — 290,047 — Dutch West Indies and American colonies — — — — — — Dutch East Indies — — — — — — England, Man and Berwick — — 8,660 — 16,371 — Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Aldemey — — — — — — Scotland — — — — — — Ireland — — — — — — Gibraltar — — 57,747 72,788 167,887 72,212 British East Indies 2,213 — — — — — British West Indies — — — — — — Newfoundland and British fisheries — — — — — — British American colonies — — — — — — The Hanse towns and ports of Germany 459 — 1,251,798 — 252 — French European ports on the Atlantic 581 — 2,310,830 210,594 1,336,437 104,256 Do. do. on the Mediterranean — — 807,177 941 99,660 168,495 Do. West Indies and American colonies i,ri3 — — 17,543 — — Bourbon and Mauritius — — — — — — Spanish European ports on the Atlantic 225 — 30,186 504,421 11,548 — Do. do. on the Mediterranean 326 — 55,664 9,465 — — Teneriffe and other Canaries 15,817 — — 1,755 — — Manilla and the Phillippine Islands 6,519 — — — — — Floridas — — — — — — Honduras, Campeachy and Mosc[uitoe Shore — — — — — — Spanish West Indies and American colonies 975 — — 7,480 — — Portugal Madeira — — — — — — — — 4,099 — — — Fayal and other Azores — — — — — — Cape de Verd Islands Coast of Brazil and other American colonies 4,901 — — — 1,485 — 1,735 — — — — — Italy and Malta Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic — — 754,843 — 168,318 162,089 — — 201,185 — 106,398 — Cape of Good Hope ' . — — — — — — Turkey, Levant and Egypt, &c. — — — — — — Morocco and Barbary states — ■~~ — — — —— China 667 — — — — "— Asia ^^ — — — — '— West Indies — — — 1,083 — — Europe 3,356 — 34,609 236,512 123,197 — Africa 1,672 — 162 — — — South Seas — — — — — — North West Coast of America 7,681 11,228 974 ^"^ 8,661 371 To^al, 48,844 11,228 7,501,384 1,062,582 2,528,324 659,324 Of the Commerce of the United States. 265 produce, &c. of Foreign Countries, exported from the United States, commencing on the ist on the SOth day of September, 1817. 1816. 1817. Su gar. Sugar. Spirits, ma lerials othei tlian grain. Molasses. Coffee. Cocoa. Spirits, ma- terials other Molasse than grain. i Coffee. Cocoa. Brown. White, clay- ed, &c. Brown. White, clay- ed, &c. Gallons. Gallons. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Gallons. Gallons. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. — — 795,636 .— 654,838 161,815 _^, 636,415 _ 1,076,818 174,264 3,223 571 101,320 — 38,354 88,805 — — 26,564 186,584 ^_ 1,837 — — — — — 48,008 8,567 62,536 — 72,971 — 672 1,222 510,525 1 98,297 214.896 7,327 — « 17,127 — — 225 622 — 2,000 — 2,800 31,302 5,479 2,087,584 — 4,443,842 336,398 18,924 ._ 2,671,295 41,079 4,717,038 454,360 406 — — — — — 7,559 — — ^ 982 — — — — — 4,900 — — 9,238 37,530 60 77,535 " ' ' 1,060,116 9,646 — ^~- 107,364 271,285 — 46,616 122,302 — 738,335 31,052 504,402 93,726 39,043 6,655 / 43,680 724,106 39,734 1,428,470 287,616 324,71 1 2,443 — — — — — 465 , 517 — 5.294 — — 7,846 2,100 — 954 — — — — — . 2,242 7,970 , 137,493 — 828,727 34,100 1,675,997 38,843 45,480 — 1,498,345 , , 1,254,211 251.857 331,217 92,093 2,463 5,960 437 1,738,393 34,912 3,238,350 324,809 115 — 1,732,337 598,137 1,484,729 231 6,932 30,579 24 417,467 19,019 87,547 610,125 8,023 122,461 3,046 3,811 1,448 838 14,972 43,213 3,010 2,315 709,840 15,489 10,565 — 16,648 17,280 624,259 86,374 18,963 152,242 16,461 238 4,691 4,638 328 1,024 28,616 200 132,402 37,005 500 53,387 9,182 — 29,530 1,406 131,828 10,490 250 — — — — — 208 206 — 100 216 387 112,653 — 500 6,800 4,016 — — 4,640 35,205 — 6,229 8,355 85,527 1,162 1,160 32,165 2,073 10,370 — . 4,704 3,360 14,039 1 6,476 ■ 5,137 1,282 560 81,270 1,126 ^^ 1,314 1,902 1,716 7,5Q3 95 4,055 — — 26,698 11,324 — — — — 17,557 ^__ 29,789 10,392 939 1.111,013 321,947 21,555 39,249 1,715.075 339,222 795,008 12,849 10,503 — 660,836 405,255 5,526 15,390 1,716,094 468,104 1,217,211 314,318 2,997 3,131 — 84,897 — 36,441 — 4,240 650 — 289,968 3,323 — 118,004 148,669 15,879 — — >— .^ ,—^ 980 ^■~ 34,367 13,965 44,680 23,400 10.362 3,332 5,942 108,555 226,954 13,073 2,752 29,458 258,680 31,611 3,232 35,000 7,739 5,051 4,015 1,698 2,143 26,422 30 96 11,970 184,266 377,862 6,960 3,400 4,402 37,844 743,438 1,547,439 3,350 9,763 284,342 12,000 856,637 29,008 8,948,713 431,571 15,359,061 2,159,605 303,422 T7- 14,457 10,030,072 980,904 15,876,268 4,283,380 266 Of the Commerce of the United States. « ■£ s 2 ^^ § g a b ^ I 3 ■♦^ -S Si «! S « IS s « S § . e ^ -V '^ %, --H ■4-i « S '; ~ >*i -« '^l s -,fi ^ ~b C* •■^^ ^«S 1 ■?■ 8 sl^ M y} s s K 1 « 1 « to 00 1 to i-H 1 CO 1 00 1 K 00 T-l 1-1 1 i-< >o I 1 to to •* fH K OK 1 ..•fiS o> 1 CT 1 to CO C5 1 ilance ist 1 ;dSta . "O ©! CM O) 1— ( UO CT K. OJ,GJ_^_G< •t.OJ 00 s >o of CO-t" 00 ^foo' co" of CO (ff •>* i-T ■* of O CT •* Tf to ■9< K. ■* 00 Tf ■* "o to 10 CO «•«•- Q w ©I to °i^ lo K m CO 00 (35 Ska »— t i-T co" of kT n J3 T-H 1-H "s-s 1 1 1 '■= ■* 1 1 1 ■* 1 1 1:: 1 1 [ 1 1 1 I?s 1 ill. 1 1 ^ 00 1 1 1 to CO 1 CO °l ■f <35 COO> m »^ >o K co" uocn l-^.i *o 00 ^ ■* T-H en ■<* 00 O « CO r^ =;, % .= ■3 03 * HO CO b- S S?, 9° 1 ei ^ CO rH to K K rt to ■^ OlOOUOCOWi-H IK'^tOO V, ■5 cS K 1 >o K cq Tt ^ 00 (N 00 « CO COKOOOOKK l'-ico>0'-' Tf "a'^S . 05 00 Tf CO OK. K ts to o> C7> CO CO O) CT> GJ t-.lO0000 CO °§t= » = oT oT-T T-t HO CO CO C^CO 1-H K oT ■*" i-T of K ■** >CTH"o"to" kT u o '^ O 00 lO 05 ^ to ^ 00 Tf I-H ■o 00 -^ O) 03. tn G!Ot-(K G( Q CT to K Tj< 00 ts C> K n-H 00 1(0 Tf i-IO200>Oi-l 1 |coo>>o>-i V,' 00 1 « 00 K ^ 00 01 TC O? 10 K00r-o ■^>o CO CO rJG^i-HKoO OK.K CO •ssiS^ =2 k: kToo- to rt"cO* 10 CO 00' CO irT co'oO<3?orio to to" W CD T? Q ■* ^ K a> « lO K 00 >0 CO K Tfa>io-«'oo tOTrwjto to J i-u S o_ 0^ ■* T) to OK 00 ^l, ■* ^. rr CO 1-H I^B^tD T—t T— I N ef to T-? kC >o 1-H no CO 1-H 0? ID n "S" 1 CO I I 1 »^ 00 1 oq 00 ■^OKtI<.-(00 IcoK (i-i iT" -is a o> 1 rH 1 «o 00 1 "0 CO en locoGi'^O'* |e?o? Ik K 0) ■" * . -* ■*. OJ y-< G^ CO T-H owTfowi-H •o'^f. ©i to U *rf oi « c ^co = C) in 01 (N o"(S 10 CO to" •*" irT to" of i-<" CO CO ^ ^-a c Oi « to 10 00 oco -^ Oi wo >o IS C (0 q_ to to 00 00 10 ■^ I-H *^ l^ to" CO K 1-H «D 1-H C5 ti-> ^n 1 1 1 ■* to o> 1 1 "* 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 1 1 o « 1 1 t^ lO K 1 00 1 1 03 . .t! K. 00_^ K C0_ Gl u 2 d S O'iJ ,A _«■ 00 co" K K 0? -is ■* ©! tH 00 «1s2 o oq G? 10 in .ST:ai « o -a »D 1 oi ■* to to CO ©t K to lO oocooowoo |tni-Hgi-< lO ^ *i 4J 1—4 1 OO l-H O) K K -* »n iTj 1-t loco^tj^o-^ |G*ai-0 ^__ r- 0: •* en (32 K to cotntNOiTji-H »oOw^o?^ oq := 00 00 OJ vH indi ^" C32 ofto' 13? 00 to 00 Cf to oftOtOK of O CO Tf G; b. 00 ©! r-l GI -S- (N (31 Oi-HKi-HUOCO TfGI <3) K o 2 to to 1-H K -^ o? C35 ^.S5« '^ « o to tH to 10 to K to 1 to Tf I 1 1 1 Tf q &l 1 to 00 »o lo to CO K r-* (31 00 00 to o> Gl tf ■ &l »0 (3^ 00 a> CO cs CO K CO -»< 0«_ K O) CO_ K C3 10 . ^11 ^ — CD* CO 1-^ ■* c?aj of Kof tf -*" u-7 co" ^" ■** >n ■* oiT O S Ol K 05 lO to rt to 00 re K 00 ^ ■<}< 1-H H s - c ^ 00 00 CO to ai Oi 05 00 ^ 1-H CO GI n rn" of (31' ►J OjTJCO s ^ TS" ■ • £3 -§ 13 J , , 3 tL> B •n 02 a "o • - n _e n >-, - . ci3 ;5 ■5 3) . • 1 C/3 3 '$ 3 -§ - • • ^ ;4 3 e ^ y ■5 H H M'a 2J u ^ O >-, a C 1: 3 o o c 1— 1 1 and Be ey, Sar §«4 ndies and fi an colo 1 a c c 3 a a dr 23! 5 1: c c c i e 3 a 5 1 1 t iff ■< c 31; ■ft H 3 "; 51= 3 5 c c c c ^1 3 -C 3 C 3 5i s . c 1 'I ■ t 3 «.2 ~, a 3-4: J tS M 5lZiW Of the Commerce of the United States. 267 1 I 00 f s o r- ■-< K O 00 uo »^ 1 « K 00 1 1 O 1 1 1 fe 1 1 « t£ ) o o? 1-1 o 1 1 1 ■* 00 to 03 1 CO i-< K 1 »o 1 1 1 to 00 V 5, K. O lO CO to to GJ^ 00_ K ^ 00 ■o o n 1 n of •^T- h" oT K i-T i-T ©! G? to* 00 i-Too 1 00 to" m o ? r1 Ol lO N n-l >o ■* 00 to o b* CT -!( f •* rt CO G! tH CO •o rH CO bCr- H* K rH rH 1—1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 '-' o I \ \ ^ \ 1 1 >o lO 1 G3 b. o 1 K 1 1 OJ K 1 CO 1 1 00 to 1 en o ^•^ 1 05 OT T| "' co" ^o 1^ ocToT G q CO oo" of gT to 00 1 00 00 en en CO O to K t« -* t£ ) ■* ©1 00 ,-1 rf G ■« to 03 to KO O G! to •* o O b. >o lo to c 5 1-1 to O »^ 1 Tf 02 K to 00 K G! ^ « lO to ^ oq rH en Tf K 0>t£ > CO o G?^ m^o^ to >o K lO uo ■* >o CO 00 03 b. >o o >C rH QOO ? co" Tfen rHto o ofcooo^ a^ »C of bT rH CO iir' o K O TJ f O! G5 G( G?K "O Tf -1 K G^ lO Q CO in to 00 oq to >f5 ■-H •* to CO^ 00 -rf to r-H G? 1-1 tn T~t lO CO CO tf o cn CO 00 T— 1 T— 1 -H ,-<"■ CO 1— 1 rH CO bT to 1 1 to o N 1 ^ CO O O 1 c 1 -^r lO lO -^ 1 r 3 1 00 ^ Tf to Gl 1 1 rH 1 1-i 1 oq 1 1 O G << en f CO 00 O K 03 1 1 >o 1 -tfl 1 o CO c n CO Oq to 1-1 05 c rs K^K. 0^C3 •* oo 03 t^ to"-? P jt 0> >0 1-1 0> G ^ of CO CO 1^" cjT co" en c = .'^ en to -:(< 00 00 CO lO lO Gq CO o »^ a s >o G! CO ■* K ^ '*- 1-t CO 03 o" tc T-^ rH T-) oq T-H ?! 1 1 O 1 1 [ 1 G? en 1 1 1 1 1 b- o 1 oq 1 CO 1 o> ■fJ 1 1 'H 1 1 1 rt T-l 1 1 1 1 1 en ■* to 1 to »^ CO en Tf Tf 1* en rH o r-i »C o o" gT co" en 00 ■^ O s S 0^ Gq o to lO ^ Oi o o lo 00 03 -* '*- kC ■* T-( y~i CT ,-H 00 0( 3 K ■^ 05 CO o 00 -< c 3 lO 03 O K rH b- CO >- CO to CO 1 00 CT CO lO o ? T-l ■* to lO lO CO lO -^ H Tf CO to K O t^ lO 00 o 00 to to ■* ^ CO KO T-7 i-H -^ 2, ^ f 00 00 CO to 1-1 1-1 CO o Gf t-T lo" -<* C5 co" G 3 -* f of C0_ G! CO 013 of bT KTtO co" to en T— 1 lO o co" ^O b, >o c 5 0» CO O to CO Oi t!> CO 1-* rH ID Gl ■^ 00 s tt3_ to K.0( 3 (5J^ G? CO t^ irj 03^ O 03 1-1 i-( G? CO T— < o »-l CO lO §" 1-^ 1— t CO '"' of 1— I y^ s ■^ CO 6) m y 00 1 1 en CO ■* 1-1 to CO lO 1 lO o b. G^ 00 oq CO to o to « 00 lO ©I lO G5 1 rH to to O b- K G! 00 lf3 oq ■^ ^ °i to en to K; ^„ «_ b. 00 00 Tf i-<^00 Gl 1-* o^ G^^ CO >o OtfTf co" co^od^ o^co '^ 03 co" 0> rH ■* GO o GO co" 00 to 5" «," 00 to en uo to en to lO CO ^ 05 CO w g Tf CO K >0 rH to Gl K ^ uo o? K^" tsf G!" rJ rn" ■v" -^ TH rM bT • a? 1 *. o "eS 3 " , « 's bC 03 Ph S o • 02 ^ TS •1 ■? t^ ' ^, 3 to 1 '$ s CO 03 03 C5 a S o CO .2 '^4 t. s 03 H 3 o J. a 03 OD 3 It tS^'-i v55 II O in i s 03 s o a 2 T a e to a a a> 1 C 03 a o -s s o n 02 a c 01 -C u c s i 2 3 -d c o X a. H • a 1 c= tB a 1 s _; '5 1 ■o ci OS ca ■a •c c tf Q 'p C C t. i a 03 o -3 CM 4 tr a u c N -< ;h o ;= n 1— 01 ffl CO H «l o > ■^ 1 o s 3 i -3 a 1— 1 -a ca 6 <> m _o a 03 D > 1 03 c 03 6U 03 C O U "i 3 -!3 § CO g a OD 268 Of the Commerce of the Utiited States. I 5f) ^ 'i s .^1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 o o> to 1 o if> to a> I I 1 en o 00 1 00 (S ►» re 1 04 G5 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■* 1 >o g" M ™ '*^ CO cqto_cn 00 oo 00 lo" rn" rf tC 00 i-T •i.§^ o O o W "O O 0? CO to bE-I Q O CO to 0< Ol to "P »-< of •o" of to *S-3 I 1 r^ 00 Ol CO o» lO lO O 1 O 00 1 rH 1 1 IS I I 1 |}^-s 1 W gj 1 1 CO lo 1-f K CO o ■* |a| T-t O (N CO a> CO to -H ■* ^ 00 Gl C «t r. g =t3 « •Hi b- K ■* rf CO 00 to".-r co" Tf oTof ■* -is" "o >o >o *-^ K 00 uo lO CO 00 to on O <£> 00 Si n CO '^ r-CO lO T— t of 00 ■5f CO r-( O) I-- ^S"S « 1 to K CO >n TH to ,-H rf T»< CTi (NOSOOlKTltOTtiOll^cO tH ■5 c2 >o 1 Oi Tf ■* 00 0? t^ Ol Tf o T-IOO'^OIWKWOOI^OO ■v "-"«!! . l-< -* »^ 05 00 CO "l ■*, "^ 0?_ O to to lO CO C5^ tO__ <« K t-j >o_ e!) " > *» o|t> ri s »-^ tf rf oC >0 K CO bCirTio 00 ooiooootTifTcnK't-rio'Jio' CO •S to rr K 1— ( Ol rt >0 K O CO totfjtfiotNoq i--oQ-^ rfi CO lO O K 'S" « Oi (75 « »>. rH T^ T-H r^" of 05 to" wf tJ of of CO OI u g-o oq 1 1^ lO 0? 00 m 1-H ss: 1 o e? ITTOK 1 liotooorf w |.-o CO z-^-t . t^ to 00 ■*- °i,°i wo <35tO^ to Ktot^o ow5 TH A nnn aAkhI nil = "P » s o T-Tl^ CO O T-< r-( CO to o 0> tOOtiO 04>0o00i to §|.„| (§^ O CO CO o o O — O CO TTOlOl CO'O'^K cc rt to t^ ■* « o» h^*-- ■* Tf lo a> « 01 *-< ■* 00 ei CO 1 1 lO 1 OI 1 K 1 00 uo 1 OlOJOcO'OKwloO 1 1 00 o S to CO 00 1 1 00 Ol 1 CO (3S h- ■* O rt ■* to G« o . OS K 1 i-IOOtHt^FHb^T-HO»0'^00 CO ■StS rH CO 00 Oi b- oq 00 tH ©1 ©I CT ^ iHoooooob-T-i-qo 00 •* 05 1 05 1 °i^„'*.°i'T,'^.'*.°lo,h.°l 1 '°. 1 OSD • - 00 00^ Tf to c? eo to oT ■* CO* of CO ■^loi-ToobTor^ioi-ror o ■is-Sl ■s S CO Tl< 00 tC t-I 1" OK© tH tOlOOOOO^CO tOTfWrt « Q ^, rH "O to CO -* 0( of ■5f tH C of of ^ to w" ■* i-Tt-T ■ fHCO to of j^.S tsco Ol CO ^11 g 1 1 ^ ID CO to CJ to 00 1 to (j>05i-^-*to 1 rioiooK •o 1 1 r-< r-l o o o b'a 1 O) b^OOrHTftO GJOiGItC CO oc C0__ 00 KtO, CO CO s o> to CO CO 00 oo_^to_to_o O0_ CO^OUOC CO of CTl Ui ao T> CO r ■=> 00 cnoqtoio ©!'^-*tc th 0) s s a B- O OS a CO 00 ^ ■* W to of Ki-T Oi Tj" rH of OJ en 1 i^ c ■g* ■ a a) a) Sri a 1 • 'i a V "a :S Q ^ ^ ^ 0) ■^ '? fe o F-H P—l 4 O O e2 •-<; tn '% tf H ■i^-a .2 H ' .a c3 S " i 1 » ^ rt IJ > -H s ■si ;2;p: •5 t }■ 'I z a 1 c h> -+■ a i i J n 3» 2 I c a i t a - 'J : < !l 'J h 5P i 3 5 a 'Z r a 1 -c ; c ^1 1 '^ i c 1 -4- > a -[* 1 t. 5 i- 1 fl E i c 1 f 'A 1 2 : 0) ! i-s I 2:2 r|l ^1 ' Z. .-2 t c c • E t. t "^ 1 w : 1 hi !l . c c c R 9 n •■j: > 1 Of the Commerce qf'the United States. 269 1 i 1 ^tf 1 M t£ > <« 1 I 1 1 « Oi) (SO oq K o> o> K 1 1 ca I 1 1 01 > .1-1 to '00 >0 to 00 «o 1 1 1 00 ' 05>r <£l ' to «s a> to ■q" OS OJ w °l •, n n .1 K Q)a 1 CO 00 K (D rl 1-1 W to of b-T '^ (O u >o CO o CO tn o> •* 0,0 1 o^ o- *^ to CO G^ o o" CO of K 1-1 i-H § 51 1 1 5§§§ I 12 1 1 MM 1 I 0< CO CO 1 00 1 ^ 10 1 lO €0 r- O G0_ K 00 CO °i OI m ^» p ■<1<' V cTrHO 1-3" bC « 1-4 0? 0? e5 o «Jl (N rt to GO CO b.. ►» *. : -*« CN C« 00 to l-( w 2 1 1-3* m \ >-.-< s « « K«(0,|01T|"0! O GO ei 00 CO 1 to o> 1 Tf CO OJ 1 ^ 1 w et>J3 1 '2 lototo'tooco 05 ^ — 00 1 'a' b^ to 1 p p. i k^ C O o oi K ^ a>vs -f tr ^ K CO 0( GO 00 to b- M *• at «s *s n n n A •1 OS T- o«: r 00 Tf « T-( Oi T-l >^ 1 »^ oo"-^tD'©f 1— ( to Oi to ot tH CT 1 »^ 00 - < to 00 b. GO .-< CO 1 Tf 1-1 GO »C5 i-( 0( O! i-H ■0 K ' CO CT - H 00 o» »-i OI Tf 0> CO r-( ■^ K CO •0 •• V '^ •* ^•* CT 1 i-TirT- I-- 00 ■ffli r^ 01 00 to CT op C « 3 <0 00 Tf to 1 CO K 1 « rl Vi a> -^ 1 o> 00 to GO 10 1— t -00 ^ 1-) ■* .00 00 ^ < 00 oq "O r-< -^ »H 00 cq Tf GO CO 00 c» cq >o k-. 1-1 C^ ^. CNO^ >0_«3_ « K tO_^ t-^l^ 0, 0. . 00 »-. 1-1 00 10 "*- m to K jfc T-* ^ ■*" 00 O GO o >o oq CO - CO ^ Tf K K oq lO Tf CT - 1 Oi (JI ot o o t^ W CO t>. CO T-4 « O! CO n n ■« ■^ T^IO 1 ■* CO 1 c g 1 h. 1-1 rt oq rt ^ 1 ■* 1 1 1 to 1 ^ C 5 lO I O 1 l-TT c (N •f 10 1 1 1 OS 2 CO to «3_00 « 9 ■-H_tO to^cn 01 CO to to_^ n cf bT H c^ m '^'* to_^ °i icT w" 1— < l-T 1—1 ^ 00 1 i' 1 1 § 1 S 1 1 s 1 5 MM 1 1 s 1 to to 1 1-1 ■* "o Is. 00 CO ©! 1-* Oil CD rf en pT 00 ■* 10 C/S- "o" CT i-. t^ (N O K CO tri 00 ▼H 00 *- •V <-l Oi 10 ©I ■* 1-1 to' t- S*^2 < »^ to K K Tf ©! lo C 5 -H K 00 Ol 1-1 b- ■* b- 10 00 en tf 00 1-H 1 CO k^ •O GO O 5 m Tl -H K Kto CO C 1 1-1 to Oi »^ 1 «3_ lb* GO -b- Oi O 00 OS to CO v^ w ^ 00__(N rt '1 Tf to 01 00 ^^ ^ m ufo'^S >" cf GO «^ G^co o?y: 5 cq 00 cq ObC 00 of 01 o t « 5 ^ i^ CO O CO ©^ CO <3 q to CO to ■* 0» CO ITS l-( to o( K CO rf 1— 1 1 o 00 1— ( CO oq Ol 1-c .-( to CO to S" 00 CO of CO ao J-1 GO O i p 00 00 o 1 m K « >-- 00 oi ■* ■* CO ■^ K ^ lO ■^ !2 P ^ b^ woo 1 1-1 to >o >o oi n 1-; "O (M a> rf 00 tH to o GO to (SO ■* o ^ en GO 00 0^ y-* crTi-^ to" 1— < 1-H ' a? .5* 'S t 3 03 a. 3 . P4 33 -e H , =s 'B 3 fS -0 4 ■3 1 -^ s CO H 1 1 B a; ,■.- 3 -e" '■5 - c is tn 03 ■a r a i i 1 1 2! 1^ =8 C § 1 1 •i 05 a X P d 2 3 ■a _0 1 i -.a E CI 'c s CO ■5 J -0 n 3 *E 1 J 1 1 5 <; a. 1 i c 1 > 3 1» 1 g o CT 1 1 1 to 1 1 1 Tf O 1— ( .S535 1 1 1 IS I M 00 en »^ 1 1 1 00 1 11 ts T-l t^ . 05 00 Ol »-, CO CO rH ■.f .^_^ KO Ol is" Is o <3r ^-to" CO CO i-T lo o co" ■S e'^ o Ol CT rH o w CO Ol O) CO to Ol »a| Q >n CO lO uo ^ K rt Ol G^ CO •t n = T^ THCO 1— ' co" CO >o D 1—1 rl 'S'O 1 I CO to a> IS CO S 1 1 I 1 1 ISK 1 1 IS^S 1 S 1 1 >0 K « CO S 3 = ©I K o 00 Ol tf to_ q «^ ■-; o « gs ■ "^. hCo oo" bT »c K oo" oo" O CO Tfi" S-S^l o CO ©! 00 >o CO Ol 00 O CO 1-1 a K >^ w Ol t~ to eo 1 .S5« 00 ^s^ >o K K to Ol o Ol ^ to o h^ tO^,r-'lOG< 1 IKi-iTTK Olmtcooo 1 loirtoooq o ■5 c S o> lO 00 to uo CO K. o Tf to 0( Ol Ol , •"■ 's . Ol K; o >o to K K •o >o b» CO to Tf^ CO q, Gq_ ao_ C5 ■"* — _ q. IfJ "SD ri 03 "^ r. as K •\ Wi = ■* >o ■* o ■* too? to UO O to of or Tf" 1* Ol kT I-? Tji' t " o" »C » o a O « lO o? >o ^^ K 0> »^ h, o >o CO >^-0 tTH^COTf *^ 9 P> a> c3 P lO CT ■* ■* CO Ol GO t, 00 >o 1—1 'Oi-itOlflrH COh^ CO uo ;?.§5m 1-1 r-M of CO K" Ol of co" id" of >- Ol tC ■sil I ■* G? CO •o CO Ol Ol •* o? 1 to OtOOKK 1 li-ilooOOO G^ 00 ■* ■* 00 •O 00 ■* to >o 1 T-l tOCOO'OiO 1 Icooool — 00 CO C0_ to CO lO ^_ (31 O o 0101CCC»01 Tt*.l--COrH s ^=»ri D9 Tf t-H 1— I of to"K' Tf G^tO Ol" coofoc^fr-Tu-r O^fo*"** 1-) V o » 3 w o> >^ to ■O lO jH b-Ol to "OOlOO^CD coo-^ifi 00 3 C aj "sB n ■"t lO CO K 1— < CO 0^ to^ 00 CO lO 00 tH Tfi to T-l rH Ol TI<"th" in* »fl 1-1 ^ to 1-H ©1 n ej r ■* 1 1 1 1 I 1 IS CO oo 1 1 1 1 — CO v~ 1 o- 1 ,^ 00 1 t- 1 1 1 1 1 Ol to 1 1 - Cil - 1 o 1 o . 00 CO CO ■o q '-. °l "i '^ lO V *^ m •> c -c« = 00 05 to' to lO C CO CO lO 00 ^ S-o O OJ ■* ■* 00 05 tH 1— ( 1— ( Tf of 1-t 00 "O CD rn" 00 o" °P 1— ( "a-o 1 " 1 05 00 00 O) o 00 •* 1 K CO 1 1 IgSSS I 1 IS IS 1 „ " CT K o> . O OJ o. 1 O Tt< o >o CO Ol CO ■* Ol lo K o 00 1-1 |i^- = oo" O T— ( Oi K to" ^"« 00 (^ Wl CO 1-1 CT o b. O) t^ Tf lO o CO O! ■* ■* O! O O Ol M<2„-S a >o o» T-H y-l (J) ■* °l lo CO Ol eo " i-H r-( »— 1 V o-o CO CO ir> •* Ol Ol o Ol o — >o to^ C0t?lO'^'*i--C0C0CJ^t0i-( (31 ■S c s 1-H »-H ■* w Ol to h, CO Ol O CO O! b~r> 1-1 ;■-■= o^ o Tf O ■* O 00 Ol UO ^ 00 o b-Ol01>00-^fii--ootnocoi-'cooos. 1—1 §l.„l ■o ?, CO ID O to O CO Tf to ©! Tl" CO h^Olb^iriOli-irtCflOOi-iO 1— ( (= g5 I-( Tf ■o 00 ^ o> to (jl ■* o « O'HOl "i®, "S* o> Jjlcg of oi of « rt to uo of i-T i-T to CO ft* c -o o ^ I" to K h- O! Ol 00 tfl 1 CO OOlTfOlO^ I |tO'*b»rf i-i»-ico»^rr 1 Icniotoco 00 tn ^ K Ol 05 t^to CO to CO 1 o 1-H . o ®. q,>o >o lO O 00 Ol lo >o >v.m"oco_i-j^ O!oi>oto •* '= ">5 ri — io k^ ^ eft CO r-TK 00 to rf 1—1 ifi TT lo ■>* 00 ^TioofoT eo ■c ■§ T-i o w CO uo C •V Ol »fl >o Tft^OlOOG? OOi-iOl to wo Si O to rl to t. Ol CO CO CO •*" to 1-^ q i-iqw o» lo in (N i-i" tS 00 co" ^ aJ *'CO 1-H G» • • • • £ ,^ 1 -a • ■ • • a -a a) V ■ a • • 1 CO 1 • t-i ^ a >^ 1 -♦J 1— « 4) cri 1 3 43 o ■c 5 •3 H ■H o H H 01 Ol o >-> > 1 a3 aj .2 o -M ^ < 5 t.i 1 to „ CO e!i 02 42 u ■ „ ,f* o B 1 c( -♦- U i SI s » i 1 } * J i §•-3.2 -*^ 1/) -J. CS 41 (8 « r 3 c y sh African por ; of Good Hop sh East Indies sh West Indie foundland and sh American c a 5 1 4 c I ! j : S s p 3l 5 } c 5? i 3 5 1 El 3C5c/ 2 u H iV 1 '"*■ Of the Commerce of the United States. 271 1 00 CO Tl< o I KtO 1 O « <=^ ©) 00 1 00 00 OS CS K 00 05 •OtO rl tH 00 1 1 a K 1 00 O O) ■* 00 -H 1* 00_ •^^ 00 O CO THrf cf oo'tC -"l" rH 00 s to C3 00 CO i-H CO 00 « i-< K 1-H m ©I to w « tf 1-1 CO K •* CO >o ■"f ■* of co" i GO 1 1 1 1 to « to 1 1 K 1 1 I OS It Tf 1 1 xo o 1 T f c !5 « 1 1-H 1 1 1 1 cn 00 K 1 to 1 1 O to ©! 00 CO 1 c fj e; 1 r 1 1— ( >0 coto'tC 1-? >o_oo_^0 »c tCioio 00 tn tJh" C? co" t£ )" c ?" s" m o> b, CO CO tj< to — 1 00 •* 00 O K t^ 00 K t 00 °i O rH rH O I o 05 CO (ft to CO G? 1-1 lO CT> K <= K CO •> r^ tt3_ c? ■* O? en CO O to rH r-T Tf T— I 1-1 1-H li OJ m O CO 1 CO 00 O K CM o en o to CO 00 CO O 1 ■* 00 CO no ^ < c IS 00 s O) O CO o^ »^ 00 rH 1-1 O 00 00 o T^ ©! to O ■* to rH 00 c S 01 D >0 00 o rf^'* 00 to to K iH ■* K O to UO K 00 K °°- en to oo_ tc G ' 'I K 00 O CO* CO CO CO rJ Tf O no T-l o" 00 GCto''br lO OS to »^ If « > to rH ■ W 1 -a< Tf K 1 uo 1 1 T-H K > 1 o» O oo to_^ K ' C0_^00_ G OJ_ K« °l O cr J_ to T-l CO lO ■* -to © ■* "OtO "O tf o 1 w r m o >o o T(< oq 00 00 Oq lO rH K ©1 P OS « ■* en 1-H T-H tt< ■* to ©f ■**< to Ife' 1 to 1 00 1 1 o 1 CO 1 ■» 1 1 1 1 oc >-. 1 1 1 r-( 1 CO 1 to en to K 1 rH 1 1 1 1 © K 1 1 1 tji 1 xo to en to en ■* CO b. c OS r-^ CO cs lo to 1-H cn or ■^ ' of Qi •o to ri en ■* GO c or t^ ", K tD_ uo en en ■^ © o i-T of N rt 00 en -H 00 CO w o en ir> OS O CO b~ 1- ■* -» o ©1 b. t£ 1 1 00 I— « ;::;S S to CO ©! ^ (N Oi CO ©I ©! O h- •* >0 1 CO oc to O > © ■^ »o o o^ o i-H OS ©t b^ GO ©I T-H © en OS^OO tS*,,!^ en tt 5 °l c OC T-H oo" JoTq. to to en lo -sf ■* K © OS ©f c^os CtT 'sf* cr a^ tc OS et O tN to 00 t^ OS 1-1 G5 k^ o OC b- to to t^ o 7~t ir r^ c CO to" Ol O ©I of CO ir> ^ en lo 1-H of o 1-H -* Tf OS tH rH rH k> 0? CO OS »^ I Tji c 1 o c ! a; Tf K 00 1 rH ©! o lo hh CO 1 o en O to 00 O K I 00 o ■* Q r- OS o to CT J to en ir> -s" ^o -* tO_ rH >N. rH K, © ir OJ_ c a s" to"c a »^ rf rH CO ■* T-H oo" co" co" of K K " "^ Iff o of CO !5 t-^ 00 CO lo 00 en o ©! CO o ©1 en >o IT cr en o T— »N. G^ K- b* ©? ^H to OS to ■■ij' TS ©! 00 T- © uo l-H of csf tf" 00 CO 1-H "- K o • • • "i^ 3 ed Ot s o fa . . . CO o H - J3 . . . 1 '^ ^ b. 3 ' • w 1 '$ S i CJ i 1 ^ .2 .^ H i CO g 1 T -S c o e P4 •-5 Teneriffe and other Cana Honduras, Campeachy, &i Manilla and Phillippine 1 Snanish West Indies . id other Azores ; Verd Islands , Brazil ... > 1 c 6a .55 c/s ■« ^ g o CO TS i i a 1 a S a (J 1 o pg 're C OS _0 ■i, O > tr- O -t-s .Id O > 1 . .1 .< o ;3 1— 1 -+H 4) P s o 2T2 Of the Commerce of the United States. o «» 13 s 1 0> CO S 2 IS S (NO SfeS 1 l§ IS 1 1 g o - S • "J. 00 00 T- iw <» tc T-l r- K 00 r-i 00 "*. g«<" = 0? ■* en of to •I 10 «"c i»r K ^" 0" ^" of T-< ■5=7, CO >o >o t-H 00 10 to b- ■ Ot >-> 00 to fH CO 00 "•|| 1— ( « CO CO CO r-*tf of o> m >o" § t) T-t s"!l 1 CT 1 1 1 *:; 1 1 03 1 1 1 1 1 1 « 1 CO 1 ^ CO ►- I 1 1 to 1 CO 1 © 1— I 1 1 1—4 1 1 1 CO «3oo K ' -^Tt : 11=3 JS « irT 1-H 00 >C 1-H 0^ oc " = « 10 10 00 (S 0" CO tOOOb-KtOOlOtO-HOJlT tooo>ot^o?T)>a5io«o>a « -.1.^ lO e( CT CO 10 ^ « rt cr t^ 1 01 . « o t— ^ n n «i > n n = "S ^ = to" tC Tf IfT tt" 00" -^ 00" lo* K CO „ s S ^ t~ >r> 05 10 ■* c CO « 00 c •V CTmtOOrHi-HrHCOtO-HO •-< S §.., -s p «3 •* >o Tf C ■^ >o ai ■* 05 C0i^Oii-H l-HOil-H^ QJ 3 ^ q; « j.i^M I,' co" of r-T^ 00" •* CO 1-1 lo to of CO •0 111 (O 00 to ©) 00 tr> y- to -1 iM O! ■Vi-HO>KK looKo^mO' ! O? m '^ »-- CT ©1 tc 00 Tj Oi CO K coOICJltOO? |i-i.-HG?OGi CO i- l-H c? 1-H^O 00 c 1-H Tt K — CO C000lftt?3tO OTtOKCOl^ rn « < n 1 ■> = SP ji = o> 01 no CM T-To- ^ T)<" ifT o4 1 o) 0?od*tDtO^ C0i-H*0?>o'v of % £ CO 05 CO CO -3 OQ CO 01 tc Oi OOOOKO 00b.O-C«»' CO u c ^ n 1— T-H CM "O, 05 to en CO o«r>oi 01 ta ^ X i-H r~ rJ to" to" a tn ed 4S n3. ■^ 5. H : s. 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"I en a m toi O K K i-( O to i-t tC >n K. 00 to « to" TH W "O (S lO to I b, 1*' to ^ to to CO to I tH rH J lO OJ m I r-l K I CO iH CO 1-H tH I 1— ( to pq 1 m -g a .s c g 5 IS ^ OJJJ c « o u ^ o s a ^ fl ts a) g oi ;h h O tH 13 *C tj 'm ^2 «• a uT3-'3-a3 ■s a ts Si g !-i iFH B S cc fe m 00 a. 2 ^ a j3 tS u ^ 03 a *> „ •" . . o-o .a &1 i-H ii ^ • • o o) H jj r3 :d ^ oj t4_, --H 43 s o .60 a a :3 a a a ,60 -a a a 60 0) o s a as o OS a tti C3 O I is a. S ts "^ ca to ••* 00 S tS 276 Of the Commerce of the United States. SECTION V. OF THE BALANCE OF TRADE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS. The following are the results of our commerce with foreign nations during the seven years, from 1795 to 1801, both inclusive: we then enjoyed many ad- vantages, from the monopoly of the trade with the colonies of France, Holland, and Spain. With Russia, the balance was uniformly against us; and in the aggregate amounted to 10,273,280 dollars, or 1,467,6 tl dollars per aimum. With Prussia, two of the four years of our intercourse were favourable to, and two of them were against us, leaving an aggregate balance of 301,441 dollars, or 75,360 dollars per annum, in favour of the United States. W^ith Sweden, during five years the balance was against the United States, and in two it was in our favour; leaving an aggi-egate balance of 181,622 dollai-s, or 25,946 dollars per annum in favour of Sweden. With the Swedish West Indies, the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against us; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,327,813 dollars, or 189,687 dollars per annum, in favour of the United States. With Sweden and the dominions thereof, the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,146,396 dollars, or 163,771 dollars per annum in our favour. With Denmark and Norway, the balance was four years m favour of, and three years against us; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,319,654 dollars, or 188,512 dollars per annum in favour of the United States. With the Danish West Indies, the balance was three years against, and four years in favour of the United States ; leaving an aggregate balance of 484,392 dollars, or 69,199 dollars per annum against us. With Denmark and the dominions thereof, the balance was four yeai-s against, and three years in favom- of the United States ; leaving an aggregate balance of 475,362 dollars, or 67,909 dollars per annum in our favour. With the United Netherlands, the balance was uniformly in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate of 21,330,524 doUai-s, or 3,047,217 dollars per annum, in our favour. Of the Commerce of the United States. 277 With the Dutch West Indies, the balance was five years against, and two years in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 5,009,494 dol- lars, or 715,642 dollars per annum against us. With the Dutch East Indies, the balance was uniformly against us, and in the aggregate amounted to 12,909,227 dollars, or 1,844,175 dollars per annum. With the United Netherlands and the dominions thereof, the balance was four years against, and three years in favour of the United States ; leaving an aggre- gate balance of 3,179,085 dollars, or 454,155 dollars per annum in our favour. With England, Man, and Berwick, the balance was uniformly against us, and in the aggregate amounted to 88,267,505 dollars; or 12,609,643 dollars per annum. With Guernsey, Jersey, Sark, and Aldemey, the balance was five years against and two years in favour of the United States; -leaving an aggregate balance of 163,425 dollars, or 23,346 doUars per annum against us. With Scotland, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 4,276,255 doUars, or 610,893 doUars per annum against us. With Ireland, the balance was four years in favour of and three years against us; leaving an aggregate balance of 2,272,996 dollars; or 324,713 dollars per annum in favour of the United States. With Gibraltar, the balance was four years against and three years in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 698,479 dollars; or 99,782 dollars per annum in our favour. With the British African ports, during the six years of trade, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggi-egate amoimted to 181,112 doUars, or 30,085 dollars per annum. With the Cape of Good Hope, during the four years of trade, the balance was three years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an ag- gregate balance of 235,323 dollars, or 58,830 dollars per annum in our favour. With the British East Indies, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 17,622,460 dollars, or 2,517,494 dol- lars per annum. With the British West Indies, the balance was four years against us, and three years in our favour; leaving an aggi-egate balance of 648,888 dollars, or 92,698 dollars per annum against the United States. With Newfoundland and the Fisheries, the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 186,573 dollars, or 26,653 doUars per annum in our favour. 3N 278 Of the Commerce of the United States. With the British American Colonies, the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against us; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,436,328 dollars, or 205,189 dollars per annum in favour of the United States. With Great Britain and Ireland, and the dominions thereof, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 106,118,104 dollars, or 15,159,743 dollars per annum. With Germany, Hamburgh, Bremen, ^c. the balance was uniformly in favour of the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 52,277,617 doUars, or 7,468,231 doUars per annum. With France, the balance was five years in favour of, and two years against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 8,285,107 dollars, or 1,183,586 doUars per annum in our favour. With the French West Indies, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 43,563,125 dol- lars, or 6,223,303 doUars per annum against us. With Bourbon and Mauritius, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of us; leaving an aggregate balance of 4,497,879 doUars, or 642,554 doUars per annum against the United States. With France and the domioions thereof, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 39,775,907 doUars, or 5,682,272 doUars per annum With Spain, the balance was five years in favour of, and two years against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 5,635,746 doUars, or 805,106 doUars per annum in our favour. With Teneriffe and other Canaries, the balance was five years against, and two years in favour of us; leaving an aggregate balance of 769,019 doUars, or 113,717 doUars per annum against the United States. With Honduras, Campeachy, ^c. the balance was five years in favour of, and two years against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,086,323 doUars, or 155,189 doUars per annum in our favour. With ManiUa and the PhUlippine Islands, the balance was, during the five years of trade, uniformly against the United States; and in the aggregate amounted to 798,021 doUars, or 114,003 doUars per annum. With the Spanish West Indies, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 12,493,346 dollars, or 1,784,763 doUars per annum against us. With Louisiana and Florida, the balance was uniformly in favour of the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 7,123,248 doUars, or 1,017,607 doUars per annum. Of the Commerce of the United States. 279 With the Spanish American Colonies, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 1,374,143 dollars, or 196,306 dollars per annum. With Spain and the dominions thereof, the balance was four years against, and three years in favour of the United States ; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,626,302 doUars, or 232,829 dollars per annum against us. With Portugal, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 2,648,052 doUars, or 378,293 dollars per annum against us. With Madeira, the balance was four years against, and three years in favour of us; leaving an aggregate balance of 1,404,412 dollars, or 200,630 dollars per annum against the United States. With Fayal and other Azores, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 166,376 dollars, or 23,768 dollars per annum against us. With the Cape de Verd Islands, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of us; leaving an aggregate balance of 341,952 dollars, or 48,850 dollars per annum against the United States. With the Coast of BrazU, during the three years of trade, the balance was uniformly against the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 10,946 dollars, or 3,648 doUars per annum. With Portugal and the dominions thereof, the balance was six years against, and one year in favour of the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 5,589,738 dollars, or 798,534 doUars, per annum against us. With Italy, the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 5,457,161 dollars, or 779,594 doUars per annum in our favour. With Africa generaUy,^*''^ the balance was in favour of the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 2,258,699 doUars, or 852,385 doUars per annum. With China and the East Indies, the balance was uniformly agauist the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 14,581,615 doUars, or 2,083,088 dol- lars per annum. With the West Indies generaUy,^*'') the balance was six years in favour of, and one year against the United States ; leaving an aggregate balance of 6,930,986 doUars, or 990,141 doUars per annum in our favour. With Europe generaUy^*''^ the balance was five years in favom- of, and two (67) The term " generally," relates to those portions t)f a continent or country which have not been specially enumerated. 280 Of the Commerce of the United States. years against the United States; leaving an aggregate balance of 622,302 dol- lars, or 88,900 dollars per annum in our favour. With the North West Coast and South Seas, the balance was uniformly in favour of the United States, and in the aggregate amounted to 1,28^,607 dol- lars, or 183,372 dollars per annum. With aU parts of the world taken collectively, the balance was, during the said seven years, uniformly against the United States ; and in the aggregate amount- ed to 106,609,366 doUars, or 15,229,909 doUars per annum. Our commercial intercourse with Russia has uniformly produced an unfavour- able balance. This fact is the more important, because the merchandises which we import from that empire, may be made staples in the United States. They consist chiefly of iron, hemp and the manufactures thereof. On the other hand, from the state of the manufactories in Russia, we cannot suppose that much of our cotton wool will be demanded for them ; and our other staples may be pro- duced in the cUmate of that country. The direct trade between the United States and Prussia has not been very extensive. Our intercourse with this power is blended with that of Germany, and is principally carried on through the ports of Hamburgh and Bremen. The trade with Germany has hitherto been uniformly favourable to the United States ; but this branch of commerce wiU be affected by our loss of the carrying trade ; and it was our connection with Germany that enabled us, in a great mear sure, to satisfy the unfavourable balance in Great Britain. The remarks made respecting Russia are applicable to the trade with Sweden and Denmark ; with the exception of their West India possessions, from which we may derive some advantages. With the Netherlands, our intercourse has proved uniformly favourable, and it is probable that our treaties with that power may continue those advantages in some degree. The commerce with the possessions of France, in Europe, was very favour- ble to the United States ; but the trade with the Colonies was unfavoimible to us. The foregoing remarks are applicable to the trade with Spain. Our com- merce with Portugal appears to have been very disadvantageous to us ; future explanations may, however, give rise to different conclusions. The commerce with Italy was uniformly favourable to us ; but our loss of the trade with the West India Colonies, will very much affect that with Italy. The trade with China and the East Indies was uniformly disadvantageous, and the more so, because our purchases were made almost entirely with specie. The general remark, that our intercourse with other nations has been disadvan- Of the Commerce of the United States. 281 tageous to us, is only founded when our views are limited to the incipient stages of that commerce, or to certain branches of it ; balances, which, at first, seemed actually unfavourable to us, in the end proved very advantageous; and these balances were often only apparently unfavourable. We must consider commerce as moving on a circle; the results of it cannot be ascertained before the revolu- tion is completed. Our trade with the West Indies, the American Colonies, China and the East Indies, wiU appear to have been very disadvantageous to us, as long as our ope- rations are supposed to have ended with the first stage of that intercourse. Had we terminated our voyages when the productions of those countries were land- ed in the United States, the trade could not have been continued; it would have proved ruinous, because the merchandise so imported, would have exceeded the consumption of our population. Wlien we extend our views, we find that by means of the commerce aforesaid, we not only supplied the demand in our markets, but also furnished a considerable portion of Europe with the valuable productions of the Colonies of France, Spain, and Holland. The surplus re-ex- ported produced a general activity in the sea ports of the United States ; our tonnage was augmented, and the number of our seamen increased. Without the intercourse with the colonies and the countries above enumerated, we should not have been able to extend our trade in the European markets ; in conse- quence of it we carried rich cargoes to the ports of France, Holland, Spain, Germany, and Italy ; and it was from the profits of that trade, that we discharg- ed our enormous debts in Great Britain. Besides the advance in the foreign markets, the re-exportations gave us double fi-eights, in consequence of the restrictions, imposed by the belligerents, upon neutral nations ; the cargoes from the Colonies were often landed pro formafin the United States, and were imme- diately reloadened and carried to Europe. The American tonnage employed in the foreign trade, from 1795 to 1801, both years inclusive, amounted in the aggregate to 4,544,314 tons, or 649,187 tons per annum; the profits on it, if calculated at the rate of 50 dollars per ton, for the average annual value of fi-eight, out and home, on voyages of every description, must have produced, for the freight alone, 32,459,350 doUars per annum. ^**) Our commerce with all parts of the world collectively taken, has produced an apparent unfavourable balance, amounting to 15,229,909 dollars per annum; but this sum we find was more than counterbalanced by the profits for freight alone. That the foreign commerce of the United States was very profitable, is evident, (88) The above estimate for the gain for freight is a moderate allowance ; intelligent merchants have calculated it as high as 70 dollars per tonj on voyages of every description. 282 Of the Commerce of the United States. from the general improvement of the countiy, the condition of the people, and the extension .of our cities in every State of the Union. Besides the gain for freight, our merchants received considerable sums for commissions and charges ; and it has been ascertained, that great profits were made on the merchandise which they disposed of in Europe. To the above mentioned, we must add consi- derable sums, remitted to us in specie from the West Indies and South America, of which our custom-houses make no returns. That much bulhon and coin were brought into the United States is proved by the amount of our exports to China and the East Indies. One branch of our commerce yet remains to be considered, viz. that with Great Britain and the dependencies thereof In relation to this intercourse our statements exhibit an aggregate balance of 106,118,104 dollars, or an annual balance of 15,159,743 dollars against the United States. The balance in favom' of Great Britain, was only 70,166 doUars per aimum less than the apparent un- favourable balance produced by our trade with all parts of the world collectively taken. The balance in favour of Great Britain is an actual unfavom-able balance to the United States, because it arises, principally, from the purchase of manu- factures,^*^) most of which are consumed in the United States, and afford nothing for reproduction ; this branch of our commerce terminates with the consump- tion, and must be satisfied by remittances in specie, or the proceeds of our trade with other nations. On the average of ten years, from 1803 to 1812, both years inclusive, the merchandise paying duties ad valorem, annually imported into the United States, amounted to 35,529,990 dollars; of this sum 7,980,528 dollars, or 22.46 per centum, were re-exported, leaving 27,549,462 doUars to be consumed in the United States. In 1802, 1803 and 1804, there was annually imported into the United States, from the British possessions in Europe, of merchandise paying duties ad valorem, and of other manufactured articles subject to specific duties, the aggregate of 27,400,000 dollars: if we admit that one fourth of this amount, which is greater in proportion than that for the ten years above mentioned, was re-exported, 20,550,000 dollars of the value thereof, remained for the an- nual consumption of our population ; the profits on which were gamed by Great Britain. ^^°^ Such have been our contributions for the advancement of the skiU and industry of a nation, which, for the raw materials, is the most dependent upon other countries. Our tribute has " paid to a considerable extent, for the (89) Of the 106,118,104 dollars above mentioned, 92,543,760 dollars were in our trade with England, and Scotland, whence we chiefly import manufactured articles. (90) It is generally calculated that raw materials gain sevenfold by being manufacted. Of the Commerce of the United States. 283 support of the fleets and armies" of Great Britain/^*^ We will not, in future, be able to remit for the payment of our British debts, provided our consumption remains as it has been; because our trade with the continent of Europe will be diminished, and an additional drain wUl be occasioned by the remittances neces- sary to redeem the principal, and to pay the interest of the public debt to the stockholders in Great Britain. Nevertheless, commercial intercourse should not be suspended, because, in some of its ramifications, there may be an unfavoura- ble balance. The balances produced in the incipient stages of that intercourse, may be removed by subsequent connections, and afford a considerable profit; such has been our experience in the trade to the Colonies, China and the East Indies. One nation may obtain raw materials from another, for which money must be paid; if, to avoid this mode of payment, the trade be abandoned, many of the people would be idle ; whereas, if the raw materials be procured, their manufactories wiU be supplied, a surplus will be produced for a third nation, which, in turn, may pay in money, and contribute to support the people by whom they were manufactured. Some writers (92) seem to have lost sight of the above facts, in their views of the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain. They proposed that France should receive the productions of the United States, only in such quantities as would be adequate to pay for such of the productions of France, as constituted the return cargoes. It so happens that we need less of the productions of France, than are required to pay for the merchandise which she obtains from us; we supply her with raw materials, she furnishes us with articles of fashion and luxury; the merchandise which we import is chiefly con- sumed in the United States; whereas, our exports give occupation to the popu- lation of France, and enable her to produce a surplus for the consumption of Germany, Switzerland, Spain and Italy, in return for which she receives money. If our raw materials were witliheld, and France did not obtain substitutes from other countries, her manufactories would be suspended, and the present manu- facturers might be added to her list of paupers. The individuals who are imme- diately concerned in this intercourse are the most competent to determine the policy for each nation. Merchants make no discriminations between nations; they are governed by the profits of the trade, and are better qualified to manage it, than can be done by the acts of a legislature. The principal object of the above named writers was, to disturb the commerce between the United States and Great Britain, and to carry it to the ports of France. Their views cannot be effected by regulations, restrictions and prohibitions; France must offer the ad- (91) Baring's Inquiry concerning the Orders in Council, p. 91. (92) Talleyrand and Beaujour, &c. 284 Of the Commerce of the United States. vantages which the American merchant has in Great Britain. Unless the French pay more for our exports, and charge less for the merchandise which we import, than they do in England, the trade will not be altered. It is probable, that the enormous capital, the skill and improved machinery in Great Britain, will, for a long time, secure to that nation the advantages she now enjoys. We have reason to believe, that we shall supply our wants before any other European nation can supplant Great Britain in our markets. An account of the value, in sterling money, of the imports of the several pro- vinces under mentioned in 1769.^'^) From the south From the West PROVINCES. From Great Britain. of Europe. Indies. From Africa. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. =g s. d. New-Hampshire ^ 652 7 6 48,528 18 7 -\ Massachusetts Rhode Island > 223,695 11 6 21,908 5 2,580 19 6 6 155,387 1 4 56,839 17 3 180 |> 564,034 3 8 Connecticut 267 5 3 53,993 17 3 New-York 75,930 19 7 14,927 7 8 97,420 4 697 10 188,976 1 3 New-Jersey 326 18 2 1,663 19 9 1,990 17 11 Pennsjlvania 204,979 17 4 14,249 8 4 180,591 12 4 399,830 18 Maryland Virginia \ 714,943 15 8 4,683 2 9,442 2 3 4 32,197 13 9 77,453 12 6 5,400 7,000 I 851,140 6 6 North Carolina \ 327,084 8 6 932 19 9 10,603 13 3 1,080 I 5?.5.714 2 3 South Carolina 6.166 6 1 65,666 4 8 124,180 10 Geor^a 58,340 19 4 547 7 7 9,407 9 9 13,440 81,735 16 8 Total, 1,604,975 11 11 76,684 9 11 789,754 4 5 151,998 2,623,412 6 3 j9n account of the value, in sterling money, of the imports of the several pro- vinces under mentioned in 1769.^^*) To the South To the West PROVINCBS. To Great Britain. of Europe. Indies. To Africa. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ S. d. New-Hampshire •^ 464 5 40,431 8 4 96 11 3 "^ Massachusetts Rhode Island I 142,775 12 9 76,702 1,440 11 4 123,394 6 65,206 13 2 9,801 9 7,814 19 10 8 > 550,089 19 2 Connecticut 2,567 4 5 79,395 7 6 New-York- 113,382 8 8 50,885 13 66,324 17 5 1,313 2 6 231,906 1 7 New-Jersey 2,531 16 5 2,531 16 5 Pennsylvania 28,112 6 9 203,762 11 11 178,331 7 8 560 9 9 410,756 16 1 Maryland Virginia \ 759,961 5 10 66,555 11 73,635 3 11 4 22,303 9 2 68,946 9 1 I 991,401 18 6 North Carolina South Carolina I 405,014 13 1 3,238 3 72,881 9 7 3 27,944 7 9 59,814 11 6 71 15 619 16 4 9 I 569,584 17 3 Georgia 82,270 2 3 614 2 13,285 15 1 96,169 19 4 Total, 1,531,516 8 6 552,736 11 2 747,910 3 7 20,278 5 1 2,852,441 8 4 (93) Macpherson's Annals of Commerce, vol. iii. p. 71. (94) Ibid. loc. citat. vol. iii. p. 572. Of the Commerce of the United States. 285 On the average of the three years 1771, 1772 and 1773, the British exports, to the thirteen colonies, were valued at ^3,064,843 sterling, annually; in 1784 they were estimated at ^3,359,864 sterling. On the average of the three years, 1790, 1791 and 1792, they amounted to J 3,976,211 sterling, per annum; and on the average of the three years 1798, 1799 and 1800, to ^6,507,478 sterling, per annum. ('') On the average of the three years 1771, 1772 and 1773, the annual importa^ tions into Great Britain from the colonies were valued at £ 1,322,532 sterling; in 1784 they had fallen to ^701,189 sterling; on the average of the three years 1790, 1791 and 1792 they annually amounted to ^1,141,837 sterling; and of the three years 1798, 1799 and 1800, to £ 1,986,528 sterling. ^9=> The importations into Great Britain from 1798 to 1800, when compared with the exports from Great Britain, were as 1. to 3.26 ; whereas before the war, declared by Great Britain against France in 1792, they were from 1790 to 1792, as 1. to 2.3. From a report of the commissioners of trade, £jc. it appears, that the mer* chandise annually imported into Great Britain, from countries now the United States, on the average of the six years, prior to the revolutionary war, ending with 1774, amounted to ^1,752,142 sterling per annum; whereas the British manufactures, imported into the United States from Great Britain, on the same average, amounted annually to ^2,216,970 sterling; leaving an annual balance of £ 464,828 sterling, or 2,045,243 dollars against us. Besides the British manu- factures imported into the United States, there was also imported other mer- chandise, which on the average of the first period of six years, amounted an- nually to ^515,066 sterling. On the average of the six years, posterior to the war of our revolution, ending with 1789, the merchandise annually imported into Great Britain, from the United States, amounted to ^908,636 sterling; and the importations, into the United States, from Great Britain, on the same aver- age, amounted annually to s6 2,119,837 sterling; leaving an annual balance of J 1,211,201 sterhng, or 5,329,284 dollars, in favour of Great Britain.^ In 1793 our exports to Great Britain were estimated at 9,363,416 dollars, and our im- portations from Great Britain at 15,285,428 dollars; leaving an annual balance of 5,922,012 dollars in favour of Great Britain. ^^''^ From sundry British docume its it appears, that the United States, from 1793 to 1800, imported from Great Britain a greater amount of manufactures, than (95) Brougham's Colonial Policy, vol. i. pp. 262, 263. (96) Report of a Committee of Privy Council, 1791, p. 64 et seq. (97) Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 23d December, 1793. 3 O 286 Of the Commerce of the United States. were exported from Great Britain, during the same period, to all foreign Eu- rope. In 1800, the United States received from Great Britain, more than one fourtti of the amount of the manufactured articles exported to aU parts of the world. AmouDt of Ex- Amount of Ex- ports from Great Britain to foreign ports from Great YEARS. Britain to tbe Eatope.(98) United States.(98j Founds sterling. Pounds sterling. 1793 3.531,046 3,272.725 1794 4,458,383 3,588,889 1795 4,222,782 4,892.572 1796 4,497,683 5,835,640 1797 3,732,830 4,871.316 1798 3,981,650 5.313.068 1799 4.553,608 6.696,221 1800 7,516,123 6,589,467 Total, 36,484,105 41,159,898 Note. The above is the official value. The official value returned by the custom house in Great Britain is, on an average, 70 per cent, below the real value of the merchandise. The present official value was established as early as 1697; An account of the official value of importations into Great Britain from the United States of America; and of the exports from Great Britain to the United States, distinguishing British from Foreign merchandise. (^^^ YEARS. Value of Value of Exports. Total value of Imports. British Manufactures. Foreign Merchandise. the Exports. Pounds sterling. Pounds sterling. Pounds sterling. Pounds sterling. 1790 1,191,072 3,178,594 253,183 3,431,778 1791 1,194,232 3,929,771 295,676 4,225,448 1792 1,038,707 3,974.827 296,591 4,271,418 , 1793 904,040 3,272,725 141,956 3,414,681 1794 625.733 3,588,889 270,981 3,859,861 1795 1,352,136 4,892,572 361,546 5,254,118 1796 2,080.960 5,825,640 318,651 6.054,291 1797 1, 175,512 4,871,316 185,506 5,056,822 1798 1,782,720 5,313,068 267,381 5,580,370 1799 1,818,941 6,696,221 360,337 7,056,558 1800 2,357,923 6,689,467 196,140 6,885,508 (98) Sir F. M. Eden's Letters on the Peace, Commerce and Manui-ictures of Great Britain, p. 86. (99) Sir F. M. Eden's Letters on the Commerce, &c. of Great Britain, p. 85. 2 Of the Commerce of the United States. 287 On the average of the three years, 1802, 1803 and 1804, the annual value of the merchandise exported from the United States to the dominions of Great Britain amounted to 18,665,777 dollars; and on the average of the same three years, the annual value of the merchandise imported into the United States from Great Britain amounted to 35,737,030 dollars; leaving an annual balance of 17,071,253 dollars against the United States. An account of the real value of exports from Great Britain, to all parts of the w^orld, m 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810 and 1811, respectively: distin- guishing British produce and manufactures from Foreign and Colonial merchan- dise ; and distinguishing the amount exported to the United States of America, and to aU parts of the world. From the official return of the Inspector General of Exports and Imports, pubhshed by order of the House of Commons in 1812. Beat valtte of the Exports from YEARS. Great Britain. To all parts of the To the United States -world, including the of America. amount exported to the United States. Pounds sterling. Founds sterling. 1805 11,011,409 41,068,942 u 1806 12,389,488 43,242,176 11 1807 11,846,513 40,479,865 e|< 1808 5,241,739 40,881,671 •si 1809 7,258,500 50,242,761 ■as 1810 10,920,752 49,975,634 pq 1811 M41,253 34,917,281 'S 1805 435,530 10,040,189 Is 1806 476,063 9,786,705 "1 1807 251,429 10,002,796 ll< 1808 61,127 9,088,075 g,g 1809 202,268 15,774,951 F 1810 296,933 12,726,775 h 1811 33,664 9,022,339 1805 11,446,939 51,109,131 % 1806 12,86.5,551 53,028,881 a 1807 12,097,942 50,482,661 w ■= 1808 5,302,866 49,696,746 3 1809 7,460,768 66,017,712 H 1810 11,217,685 62,702,409 1811 1,874,917 43,939,620 The aggregate value of the British produce and manufactures exported to the United States duilng the seven years, from 1805 to isil, amounted to ^60,509,654 sterling, or annually to 35,441,367 dollars; the aggregate value of the British produce and manufactures exported to all parts of the world, 288 Of the Commerce of the United States. • during the seven years aforesaid, including that exported to the United States, amounted to ^300,808,330 sterling, or 176,187,783 dollars per annum; or the United States received annually 20.11 per centum of the manufactures and pro- duce exported from Great Britain. The aggregate value of the foreign and colonial merchandise exported from Great Britain to the United States, during the seven years above mentioned, amounted to li 1,757,014 sterling, or annually, to 1,029,108 dollars; and the aggregate value of this species of merchandise, exported during the same time to aU parts of the world, amounted to ^67,441,830 sterling, or annually to 39,501,642 dollars; or the United States received annually 2.60 per centum, of that exported to all parts of the world. The aggregate value of the exports of every description to the United States from Great Britain, dming the period aforesaid, amounted to £ 62,266,668 ster- ling, or annually to 36,470,471 dollars; their aggregate value to aU parts of the world during the seven years amounted to 376,977,160 sterling, or annually to 220,800,498 dollars ; or the United States received annually, of the merchandise of every description, exported to all parts of the world from Great Britain, 16.51 per centum, or one sixth of the aggregate value thereof. ^'°o) On the average of the seven years from 1805 to 1811, the aggregate value of the British produce and manufactures annually exported from Great Britain to the United States, amounted to 35,441,367 doUars; and the annual value of the domestic produce of the United States exported to Great Britain, (io>) calcu- lated on the same average, amounted annually to 9,124,941 dollars; leavmg an annual balance of 26,316,426 doUars in favour of Great Britain. Or, the annual value of the exports of every description from Great Britain to the United States on the average aforesaid, amounted to 36,470,471 dollars; and the aggregate annual value of the exports of every description from the United States to Great Britain and her dependencies, her East India possessions ex- cepted, amounted to 16,438,362 dollars; leaving an annual balance of 20,032,109 dollars in favour of Great Britain. In 1800 the merchandise exported from the United States to Great Britain was worth §816 I4s. sterling, or 74.23 dollars per ton; and that imported from Great Britain into the United States was worth £ 54 4s. sterling, or 240.89 dol- lars per ton.(^°^^ (100) Our conclusions are founded on the statements published by order of the House of Commons, in 1812. (101) Embracing England, Man and Berwick, and Scotland. (102) Brougham, loc. citat. vol. i. p. 181. Of the Ccmmerce of the United States. ^89 The following summary of the American trade with the British settlements in the East Indies, including Bengal, Madras and its dependencies, Bombay and Surat, was extracted from the supplement to Nicholson and Co.'s " London New Price Current," for 1814, p. 18. YEARS. IMPORTS INTO INDIA. EXPORTS TO AMERICA. Merchandise. Treasure. Total. Merchandise. Treasure. Total. 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 Sicca Rupees. fi»H85,265 2,78,658 6,52,497 15,81,077 19,38,466 8,18,681 Sicca Rupees. 50,55,463 52,00,540 42,52,049 71,04,282 97,85,180 77,71,986 Sicca Rupees. 55,40,728 54,79,198 49,04,546 86,88,356 117,21,640 85,90,660 Sicca Rupees. 52,47,240 69,21,366 36,98,794 77,15,211 101,20,989 77,04,014 Sicca Rupees. 43,250 89,528 21,668 Sicca Rupees. 52,90,490 70,10,894 36,98,794 77,15.211 101,42,657 77,04,014 Total, 57,54,644 391,69,500 449,24,144 414,07,614 1,54,446 415,62,060 From the above it appears, that the United States, during six years, exported to the British East Indies, in merchandise, an aggregate of 2,589,589 dollars; or annually 431,598 dollars. The treasure (specie^*"*^) exported as above, in the aggregate, amounted to 17,626,275 dollars, or 2,937,712 dollars per annum. The importations into those settlements, consisting of money and merchandise, from the United States, amounted to 3,369,310 dollars per annum. During the six years aforesaid, there was exported, from the British East Indies, to the United States, merchandise, amounting to 18,633,426 dollars, or annually to 3,105,571 dollars. The treasure exported as aforesaid, amounted in the aggre- gate to 69,500 dollars, or annually to 11,583 dollars; leaving an annual balance in favour of India, of 2,662,390 dollars. (103) The first number is to be read thus : 4 lacks, eighty-five thousand, two hundred and sixty-five ru- pees. One hundred thousand rupees make a lack. The sicca rupee may be valued at two shillings sterling, or -^ of a dollar. (104) In the regular course of trade, the United States only export specie to China and the East Indies ; it occasionally happens, owing to the rate of exchange, that specie remittances are made to Europe. CHAPTER III. SECTION I. OF THE TONNAGE AND NAVIGATION OF THE UNITED STATES. X HE Tonnage employed in the commerce of the Colonies and Great Britain, was held as foUows, viz : (1) In the Colonies of Proportion of Vessels belong- ing to Merchants resident in the British European Dominions. Proportion of Vessels belong- ing to British Merchants occasionallj resident in those colonies that now form the United States. Proportion of Vessels belong- ing to Merchants who ■were natives and perma- nent inhabitants of those colonies that now form the United States. New-England New-York Pennsylvania Maryland and Virginia North Carolina South Carolina and Georgia |th. |ths. fths. fths. fths. fths. ^th. |ths. |ths. |th. fths. fths. fths. fths. |ths. Itll. ^th. Ith. From the foregoing statement it appeal's, that the proportion of the tonnage, employed in the commerce above mentioned, owned by the inhabitants of Great Britain, amounted to about three and two-third eighths; the proportion, which belonged to British merchants, occasionally resident in those colonies, was about two-eighths, making together nearly six-eighths of the whole, and that the propor- tion of the tonnage so employed, which belonged to merchants, who were natives and permanent inhabitants of those colonies, was rather more than two and one- third eighths of the whole. Of the tonnage employed in the trade of the colonies with the British West Indies, five-eighths belonged to merchants who were permanent inhabitants of those colonies, and three-eighths to British merchants, who resided occasionally in the colonies. (1) Report of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, dated 28th January, 1791, p. 74 etseq.; also Appendix, p. xxi. Of the Tonnage aiid Navigation of the United States. 291 The following statement exhibits a view of the vessels and their tonnage, employed between the British dominions and the United States, viz : Before the War of the BevolutionP^ .^er the Revolutionary War. Vessels Sc their Tonnage belong- ing to Merchants resident m the present British Dominions, sionally resident in the coun- tries which were then British colonies, bnt now form the United States. Vessels belonging to Merchants who were natives and perma- nent inhabitants of the coan- tries which were then British colonies, but now form the United States. Vessels belonging to subjects of the present British Dominions. Vessels belonging to citizens of the United States. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons. 497 P) 43 (4) 93 65,058 1,869 4,489 165 131 651 21,686 5,609 31,423 261 158 181 52,592 10,219 20,912 163 26,564 In 1788 and 1789, according to the statements of P. Bond, the late British consul general, the tonnage of the vessels, belonging to the inhabitants of the British dominions, then employed in the port of Philadelphia in the foreign trade, was fiiil fom"-fifths of the tonnage of aJl the vessels so employed ; he stated it as follows, viz : 1788. 1789. Total. Tons. Tons. Tons. British, American, 23,004 28,028 29,372 37,728 52,376 65,756 So that the tonnage, owned by the inhabitants of Great Britain, employed in the port of Philadelphia, in 1788 and 1789, amounted to within one-fifth of the tonnage, belonging to aU the citizens of the thirteen United States, so employed. The British government, very soon after the termination of our revolutionary war, showed much anxiety on account of, and paid much attention to the pro- gress of the tonnage of the United States. They apprehended a great diminu- tion of that, which they had employed in their intercourse with the colonies. They were convinced, that the entei-prize of the people of the United States, supported by abundant domestic resources and stimulated by the advantageous situation of many of the states, would be exercised on the improvement and extension of their tonnage. (2) Report of the Lords of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations, January, 1791. (3) Employed between other E- colonies and the United States. (4) Employed between the £:. : ;st Indies and the United States. 292 Of the Tonnage and Mi-vigation of the United States. The tonnage of the United States is confided to Congress. " No state shall without the consent of Congress lay any duty of tonnage."^^) In 1789, our shipping was not sufficient for the transportation of the domes- tic produce of the states; one third of that which was then employed for that purpose, belonged to foreigners. In a debate in the House of Representatives of the United States, 5th May, 1789, the following statement was made for the tonnage of the several states, viz :C*^ STATES. American. Foreign. Total. Massachusetts New-York Pennsylvania Maryland Virginia South Carolina Georgia Tons. 76.857 55,000 44,089 35,671 29,567 31,904 6,500 Tons. 8,794 30,000 28,012 26,061 26,705 25,073 13,500 Tons. 85,651 85,! (00 72,101 61,732 56,272 56,977 20,000 Totals, 279,588 158,145 437,733 That of New-Hampshire, Connecticut, New-Jersey and Delaware was not as- certained ; and North Carohna and Rhode Island were not then considered as members of the union. ('') Congress, very soon after the organization of the present government, adopted measures to secure, for the citizens of the United States, the advantages which would arise from a monopoly of the tonnage requu-ed for their commerce. An act was passed, to impose duties on the tonnage of ships or vessels. (») It was then enacted, that upon all ships or vessels of the United States, which, after the first day of September, 1790, should be entered in the United States fi^om any foreign port, there should be paid six cents per ton; on ships or vessels, built within the United States, after the 20th of July, 1789, but belonging wholly or in part to subjects of foreign powers, thirty cents per ton ; and on other ships or ves- sels fifty cents per ton.(^) Six cents per ton are paid on vessels of the United States, (5) Constitution of the United States. Art. I. Sect. x. cl. 2. (6) Debates of Congress, vol. i. p. 180 and 209. (7) In 1789, certain articles manufactured in North Carolina and Rhode Island, when imported into thf United States, were considered foreign. See act 16th September, 1789; vol. ii. chap. 15. (8) Act 20th July, 1790; vol. ii. chap. 57. (9) Foreign vessels, when they enter the ports of the United States, are liable to the " light money" duty, amounting to fifty cents per ton. Act 27th March, 1804, vol. iii. chap. 410. Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. 293 which enter in a district in one state from a district in another state, other than an adjoining state on the sea coast, or on a navigable river, having on board merchandise, taken in one state, to be delivered m another state. This duty is not paid on a vessel, having a license to trade between the different districts of the United States, or to carry on the bank or whale fisheries, whilst employed therein, more than once a year. And on every ship or vessel, not of the United States, entered in one district from another district, having on board goods, wares and merchandise, taken in, m one district, to be delivered in another district, fifty cents per ton are paid. The extra duties imposed, by the act of the 20th of July, 1790, on the tonnage of foreign nations, and the extra duty of ten per centum additional on all the rates of duty imposed on merchandise imported in American vessels by the act of the 10th of August, 1790, when such merchandise is imported in vessels not of the United States, constitute what are usually called the " discrimiiiating duties." In 1790, the American tonnage employed in the foreign trade, amounted to 354,767 tons; the foreign tonnage so employed, amounted to 251,058 tons, making an aggregate of 605,825 tons. The proportion of the foreign tonnage, to the whole amount of tonnage employed iu the foreign trade of the United States, was as 41.4 to 100. The tonnage which belonged to the several nations of Europe, that entered the ports of the United States in 1790, compared with the total tonnage then belonging to the United States employed in the foreign trade, was as follows, viz : that of Great Britain as l. to 1.63 ; of France as 1. to 29.41 ; of Spain as l. to 48.06; of Portugal as 1. to 93.91 ; of the United Netherlands as 1. to 57.81; of the German empu-e as l. to 772.91; of the Hanse Towns as 1. to 179.35; of Denmark as 1. to 327.72; of Sweden as 1. to 663.11; and of Prussia as l. to 900.42. The acts of the American government alarmed the shipping interest in Great Britain. In 1791, the merchants and sliip-owners in Glasgow predicted, that the discriminations adopted in the United States, " wiU in time give a decided superiority to the American shipping ;" in a few years it was demonstrated, that their anticipations were weU founded. We have already observed, that, prior to the discriminations aforesaid, the American tonnage was not sufficient for the conveyance of the produce of the United States ;^^°) in a short time it proved more than adequate for that purpose, and we had, in addition, much of it em- ployed in the commerce of other nations. (10) Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. v. p. 191. 3 P 294 Of the Tonnage and Xavigation of the United States. Our discriminations operated powerfully in favour of our shipping. Vessels, not of the United States, of two hundred tons burthen, on entering our ports, paid £ 20 sterling tonnage duty, and for a cargo of the value of £ 2,000 ster- ling, they paid J 15 sterling extra duty, more than did the vessels of the United States, of the same tonnage and laden as aforesaid. These extra charges were suflBcient to drive from our ports, the greatest proportion of the foreign tonnage, AD foreign nations were affected by the system we had adopted, it seemed to operate like magic in favour of the ship-owners in the United States. The dimi- nution of the foreign tonnage employed in oiu- trade, was, with very few excep- tions, rapid, regular and permanent. In 1793, our tonnage exceeded that of every other nation, except Great Britain.^") The unprecedented rapidity of this aug- mentation is the more surprising, when we compare it with the progress of that of the several nations in Europe. In 1676, according to Sir William Petty, the tonnage of the United Provinces amounted to 900,000 tons; of England to 500,000 tons; of France to 100,000 tons; of Hamburgh, Denmark, Sweden and Dantzig to 250,000 tons; of Spain, Portugal, Italy, ^c. 250,000 tons; making the aggregate, for Em-ope, 2,000,000 tons; about one third more than that of the United States, twenty years after the adoption of the present government. The effects of our system will appear, by a reference to the statements annexed to this chapter, concerning the shipping, belonging to the different nations, which entered the ports of the United States, from 1790 to 1816. It proceeded so far, that the proportion of the foreign tonnage, which, in 1790, was as 41.4 to 100 of the whole amount of tonnage employed in the foreign trade of the United States, in 18 ll was reduced to be as 3.4 to 100. The operation of our discriminating poUcy was severely felt by the ship-owners in Great Britain. The following results are connected with the Report of the Lords of the Committee of Privy CouncU, p. ccx.^*^) viz : the British vessels, which, in 1790, 1791, 1792, 1799 and 1800, cleared inwards and outwards be- tween Great Britain and the United States, amounted to 1,715 in number; their aggregate tonnage was 382,552 tons. The American vessels, which cleared in- wards and outwards, during the years aforesaid, employed in the commerce of the United States with Great Britain, amounted to 3,425 m number; their aggregate tormage amounted to 516,702 tons. In 1790, 557 British vessels (11) In 1809, our tonnage amounted to 1,350,281 tons; in 1788, that of Great Britain and Ireland, was 1,359,752 tons. (Macpherson's Annals of Commerce, vol. iv.) In the course of twenty years we raised our tonnage, so as to be equal to that of Great Britain, one century after they had passed the " Navigation Act" (12) The Report was first made in 1791; a second edition was published in 1807, by the ship-owners in London ; they added an appendix and many interesting statements, 2 Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. 295 were employed in the commerce aforesaid; in 1800, they were reduced to 139: in 1790, the American vessels, so employed, amounted only to 464; in 1800, they were augmented to 1,057. In 1789, the British vessels, which entered inwards (in Great Britain), engaged in the trade of the United States, amounted to 253; those outwards to 358: in 1799, those which entered inwards amounted only to 42, and those outwards to 57. In 1806, 561 vessels engaged m the trade of the United States, entered in- wards in Great Britain, of these only 56 were British; of the 575 entered out- wards, only 39 were British.^^^^ The government of Great Britain, at no time, lost sight of the proceedings in relation to our tonnage; they dreaded the rapid progress of oiu- navigation, and made it a primary object to check its augmentation. The question in relation to the course that might counteract our efforts, was referred to a committee of Lords of Privy Council; they discovered that every expedient, grounded on the basis of retaliation, would prove inadequate, or tend to the injury of their ship- owners. In their report they advised his majesty to enter into negotiations on this subject; they proposed, " that British ships trading to the ports of the United States, should be there treated, with respect to the duties of tonnage and import, in like manner as ships of the United States should be treated in the ports of Great Britain."*^^*) Notwithstanding their extreme anxiety for an arrangement on the principle of reciprocity, they said, " if Congress should propose, (as they cer- tainly will) that the principle of equality should be extended to the ports of our colonies or islands, and that the ships of the United States should be there treated as British ships, it should be answered, that this demand cannot be admitted even as a subject of negotiation."^") In 1794, a treaty of commerce and navigation was concluded between the United States and Great Britain ; by the second section of the 15th article, the British government resei'ved to itself the right of imposing such duty as might be ade- quate to countervail the duty then payable on the importation of European and Asiatic goods, when imported into the United States in British and American vessels. By the statute of 37 Geo. III. c. xcvii. sec. llth, (act of Parliament of the 4th of July, 1797,) countervailing duties were enacted, payable on the importation (13) Reese's Cyclopedia, article Commerce. (14) Report of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council, 1791, p. 127, et seq. (15) Idem. p. 134 and 135. 296 Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. of American goods in American vessels, in addition to the duties payable on their importation in British ships; the duties aforesaid were laid as follow, viz/^^) On pig iron, bar iron, pot and pearl ashes, 10 per centum upon the custom duties when imported without certificate from the British colonies in America, 10 per cent, upon the custom duties on pitch, tar, rosin, turpentme, masts, yards, bowsprits, and manufactured goods and merchandise (except wood, staves and tobacco), 10 per cent, upon the custom duties of all manufactured wood and staves, when imported from Europe in British ships. On oil of fish, blubber, whale fins and spermaceti, 10 per cent, upon the custom duties payable when imported from countries not under the dominion of Great Britain. On tobacco, one shilling and six pence sterling per 100 lbs. weight, and on aU other American goods, 10 per cent, upon the custom duties payable for the same when im.ported in British built vessels from the American states. The countervaUing duties were to be calculated upon the several duties of customs as they stood previously to the 37th Geo. III. c. xv. By the statute above recited, a tonnage duty of two shillings sterUng per ton, was imposed upon all American vessels arriving in the ports of Great Britain. On the 28th of June, 1798, new and additional duties were imposed upon specific articles, and three per cent, ad valorem upon enu- merated articles : the duties last mentioned, were Umited to the signing of pre- liminary articles of peace. By a statute of the 7th of May, 1802, parliament imposed the following new and additional duties upon articles the produce and manufacture of the United States, viz : s. d. Upon Ashes, pot and pearl 1 6 the cwt. Ginseng 6 the 100 lbs. Indigo, (American) 12 o do. Bar Iron 13 the ton. Pig Iron 4 6 do. Pitch 3 8 7 the last of Tar 2 11 3 12 barrels. Rosin 4 the cwt. Rice 8 do. Tobacco 3 the 100 lbs. Turpentine 2 the ton Bees Wax 5 9 the cwt. Cotton, (American) 7 10 the lOO lbs. (16) On the 5th of January, 1802, the Secretary of State transmitted to Congress, a statement, " show- ing the comparative duties paid in the ports of Great Britain, on goods imported into Great Britain in American, Foreign and British bottoms, since the 5th of January, 1798, as far as the same respected the commerce of the United States. Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. 297 and ten per cent, upon all these new duties,. except that on tobacco. The United States were also made subject to a duty on exports fi^om Great Britain, double that which was paid by European nations. Notwithstanding the countervailing act first recited, our tonnage, during the existence of the wars m Europe, increased with unprecedented rapidity. Our vessels were not liable to pay a war insurance, their freights were consequently lower than those of the belligerent nations ; and they were sought after for the transportation of every species of merchandise. On the 1st of October, 1801, a prehminary treaty was signed between Great Britain and France, which was succeeded by a definitive treaty, concluded at Amiens, on the 25th of March, 1802. As soon as the British government perceived the probability of peace with France, they turned theu^ attention towards their navigation. Very soon after the termination of hostilities, the American ship-owners lost a part of the carrying trade. All the nations of Europe were occupied in restoring the tonnage they had lost; then' discriminating regulations rendered us incapable of transporting to their ports, much of our produce in our own vessels. In 1802, (statute 42 Geo. III. c. xxvii.) the king of Great Britain was au- thorised, until the 25th of March, 1803, by any order in council or proclama- tion, to cause the countervailing and tonnage duties, granted by the act of the 4th of July, 1797, in relation to American goods and vessels, to cease during such period as he might deem expedient. The act aforesaid, was passed imder the expectation that it would meet a corresponding disposition on the part of the legislature of the United States, and that the discriminating and countervail- ing duties imposed by the governments respectively, would be mutually abolished. On the 15th of December, 1802, the proceedings of the British parliament were communicated to Congress in the message of the President of the United States. The subject was referred to the committee on commerce and manufac- tures, who, on the 10th of January, 1803, made a report thereon. The committee admitted, that the acts of the government of Great Britain, had secured for their ship-owners the exclusive carriage to Great Britain (in time of peace) of some of our most important objects of exportation, and that the countervailing duties imposed, would drive our tonnage fi^om a competition with that of Great Britain. They said, " it appears, that Great Britain by her counter- vailing acts has secured effectually the carrying (for her own wants and her foreign commerce,) of our fish oil, tobacco, pot and pearl ashes, rice, indigo and cotton." To remove the difficulties in the way of our navigation, they submitted the following proposition, viz : " to relinquish om- discriminating duties (so far 298 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. as they relate to goods, wares and merchandise, the growth, produce or manu- facture of the nation to which the ship by whom the same are imported may belong,) in favour of such foreign nation, as wiU agree to abolish such of their discriminating or countervailing duties as are in their operation injurious to the interest of the United States." Their report was referred to a committee of the whole house. As soon as the sentiments of the committee of commerce and manufactures were known to the ship-owners in the United States, many me- morials, in opposition to their proposition, were transmitted to Congress, from the merchants in Boston, New- York, Philadelphia and other principal ports in the United States. The subject was then passed over by the legislature, without further consideration. On the 31st of December, 1806, a treaty was concluded in London, between the United States and Great Britain ; by the 5th article, the British government reserved " the right of imposing on American vessels entering into the British ports in Em'ope, a tonnage duty equal to that which shall at any time be payable by British vessels in the ports of America ; and the government of the United States reserved a right of imposing on British vessels, entering into the ports of the United States, a tonnage duty equal to that which shall at any time be pay- able by American vessels in the British ports in Europe." This treaty was not ratified by the government of the United States. In 1812,(17) an additional duty, amounting to one doUar and fifty cents per ton, was laid upon aU foreign vessels entered in the ports of the United States. This regulation continued during the war with Great Britain, and has expu^ed. The principal reason for the passage of this statute, was the augmentation of the revenue ; but we did not derive much advantage fi'om it. In 1814, the tonnage duties amounted only to about eight thousand dollars more than they did in 1 8 1 1 . In 1815,(^*) Congress repealed "so much of the acts heretofore passed, im- posing a discriminating duty on goods imported and on tonnage, in favour of vessels of the United States, so far as the same respects the produce, or manu- facture of the nation to which such foreign vessels may belong. Such repeal to take effect in favour of any nation, whenever the President shall be satisfied that the discriminating or countervailing duties of such foreign nation, so far as they operate to the disadvantage of the United States, have been abolished." In the same year, a convention^") was concluded at London, between the United (17) Act 1st July, 18)2; vol. iv. ch. 435. (18) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 758. (19) Dated 3d July, 1815. Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. 299 States and Great Britain ; by which the equalization of the duties on tonnage and imports was extended to the vessels of both nations, as far as relates to their inter- course with the British dominions in Europe and the United States. The conven- tion aforesaid is limited to four years from the time of its date. In 1816,(2°) it was enacted, "that so much of any act as imposes a higher duty of tonnage, or of import, on vessels, and articles imported in vessels, of Great Britain, than on vessels, and articles imported in vessels, of the United States, contrary to the provisions of the convention between the United States and his Britannic majesty, the ratifications whereof were mutually exchanged the 2 2d day of December, 1815, be, from and after the date of the ratification of the said convention, and during the continuance thereof, deemed and taken to be of no force or effect." Pursuant to the terms of the convention aforesaid, the vessels of Great Britain, and the merchandise imported in them, when they enter the ports of the United States, are exempted from the payment of the extra duties of tonnage and im- port ; provided the vessels arrive from, and the merchandise be of the growth, produce or manufacture of, the British dominions in Europe. The vessels of the United States, and their cargoes, when they consist of merchandise of the growth, produce or manufacture of the United States, are admitted into the European ports of Great Britain, upon the same terms as the vessels of Great Britain, laden with merchandise of the same character. By the agreement aforesaid, it is further provided, that " the intercourse between the United States and his Britannic majesty's possessions in the West Indies and on the continent of North America, sliall not be affected by any of the provisions of this article (2d Art.) ; but each party shall remain in the complete possession of its rights with respect to such an intercourse." After the 30th of June, 1817,(^0 a duty of two dollars per ton was directed to be paid on all foreign vessels, which should enter in the United States, from any foreign place, to and with which the vessels of the United States are not (ordinarily) permitted to enter and trade. And after the 30th of September, 1817,<^22) no merchandise could be imported into the United States, from any foreign place, except in vessels of the United States, or such foreign vessels as whoUy belong to the citizens or subjects of that country of which the merchan- dise is the growth, production or manufacture, or from which it can only be, or most usually is, first shipped for transportation. The regulations aforesaid, are (20) Act 1st March, 1816. (21) Act 3d March, 1817. (22) Act 1st March, 1817. 300 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. only applicable to the vessels of such foreign nations as have adopted or may adopt similar provisions. Merchandise imported into the United States, contrary to the act aforesaid, and the vessel in which the same is imported, are forfeited to the United States. The coasting trade is only allowed in vessels of the United States ; and merchandise, imported from one port into another port in the United States, in a vessel belonging wholly or in part to a subject of any foreign power, unless such merchandise shall have been imported in such vessel from a foreign port, and that the same shall not have been unladen, is forfeited to the United States. After the 30th of September, 1817, a duty of fifty cents per ton was paid on all vessels of the United States, which entered in a district of one state, from a district in another state, except it be an adjoining state on the sea coast, or on a navigable river or lake, or in the case of a coasting vessel going from Long Island to Rhode Island, or from the latter to the former place, having on board merchandise taken in one state to be delivered in another state. The duty afore- said is paid only once a year, on any vessel having license to trade between the diflferent districts of the United States, or on such as carry on the bank or whale fisheries. When it shall be proved, that at least three-fourths of the crews of the vessels aforesaid, are American citizens, or persons not the subjects of any foreign prince or state, the duty to be paid is only at the rate of six cents per ton. After the date above mentioned, aU vessels of the United States, which enter in the United States, from any foreign place, pay fifty cents per ton, unless the officers and at least three-fourths of their crews are citizens of the United States, or persons not the subjects of any foreign prince or state, and that they have continued dm*- ing the whole of the voyage, unless prevented by sickness, death, desertion or capture. The government of the United States proposed to extend the principle of equality with Great Britain, in relation to the duties on tonnage and imports ; but their offer was rejected.^^^) The following results, connected with the com- merce of the United States, and the British West India islands and their North American colonies, were laid before Congress, in a report of the committee on foreign relations, dated 9th of February, 1818, p. i. " The average amount of duties upon merchandise, annually imported into the United States from the British West India islands and North American colo- nial possessions, from 1802 to 1816, excluding the period from the commence- ment of the restrictive system to the termination of the late war, exceeds two nuUions of dollars. The value of the merchandise upon which these duties ac- (23) Message of the President, 2d December, 1817. Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. 301 crued, is supposed to be equal to seven millions of dollars per annum. The average annual amount of exports to the same places, principally of domestic production, up to 1817, excluding the time of the operation of the restrictive system, and the continuance of the war, have exceeded six millions five hundred thousand dollars. In 1815, the amount of the duties on merchandise imported in American vessels from the British West India islands and North American colo- nial possessions, was, to the amount of duties imported in British vessels, as one to four; in 1816, as one to five and an half, or two to eleven. Taking the ratio of 1816, as the basis of calculation, and it is believed to afford the safest and most solid, as past experience shows, a constant diminution of the amomit of duties on goods imported in vessels of the United States, it is estimated, suppos- ing the same proportion exists in the exports, that American vessels are used in the transportation annually of 2,177,924 dollars worth of merchandise, and Bri- tish vessels 11,322,076 dollars worth of the most bulky articles of commerce, one half of which are of the growth, production or manufacture of the United States. This inequality in the advantages of this commerce, to the injury of the navigating interest of this country, arises from the rigorous enforcement of the colonial system of Great Britain, as to the United States, while it is relaxed to aU nations who are friendly to the British empire and her colonial possessions." statement of the Tonnage of .American and British Vessels, employed in the trade between the United States and the British possessions in Europe, during the year 1816. AMERICAN VESSELS. BRITISH VESSELS. From England tons, 102,228 Scotland 3,973 Ireland 21,894 Gibraltar 6,103 From England tons, 67,848 Scotland 9,613 Ireland 13,472 Guernsey 543 Other places 9,364 , Tons, 134,198 Tons, 100,840 Statement of the Tonnage of .American and British Vessels, employed in the trade between the United States and the British West Indies and British J^orth American Colonies, during the year 1816. AMERICAN VESSELS. BRITISH VESSELS. From British West Indies . . tons, 26,321 British American Colonies . . 75,807 From British West Indies . . tons, 75,704 British American Colonies . . 18,378 Other places 17J867 Tons, 102,128 Tons, 111,949 3 Q a02 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. In 1818,(23) tjje following provisions, concerning the navigation of the United States, were adopted : " That from and after the thirtieth of Septenriber next,^ the ports of the United States shall be and remain closed against every vessel owned whoUy or in part by a subject or subjects of his Britannic majesty, coming or arriving from any port or place in a colony or territory of his Britannic majesty, that is or shall be, by the ordinary laws of navigation and trade, closed against vessels owned by citizens of the United States ; and such vessel, that in the course of the voyage, shall have touched at, or cleared out from, any port or place in a colony or ter- ritory of Great Britain, which shall or may be, by the ordinary laws of naviga- tion and trade aforesaid, open to vessels owned by citizens of the United States, shall, nevertheless, be deemed to have come from the port or place in the colony or territory of Great Britain, closed as aforesaid, against vessels owned by citizens of the United States, from which such vessel cleared out and sailed before touch- ing at and clearing out from an intermediate and open port or place as aforesaid; and every such vessel, so excluded from the ports of the United States, that shall enter or attempt to enter the same, in violation of this act, shall, with her tackle, apparel, and furniture, together with the cargo on board such vessel, be forfeited to the United States." After the date above mentioned, no vessel, owned wholly or in part by sub- jects of his Britannic majesty, though the same may have been duly entered in the United States, can be cleared out when laden with articles the growth, pro- duce or manufacture of the United States, before the owner or consignee shall have given bond and sureties, in double the value of the articles aforesaid, that they shall not be landed in any port or place in a colony or territory of his Britannic majesty, which, by the ordinaiy laws of navigation and trade, is closed against vessels owned by citizens of the United States. In 1818,^^) the principle of equality, in relation to the duties on the tonnage of vessels, in the ports of the United States, and the duties on goods, wares and merchandise imported, was extended to the vessels belonging wholly to the sub- jects of the king of the Netheriands ; and to tlie produce and manufactures of the territories, in Europe, of the said king; and also to such produce or manu- factures as can only be, or most usually are first shipped from a port or place in the teiTitories aforesaid, provided, the same are imported into the United States, in vessels belonging wholly to the subjects of the king aforesaid. The President of the United States, in his Proclamation, dated the 24th July, (23) Act 18th April, 1818. (^4) Act 20th April, 1818. Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. 303 1818, announced that he had received satisfactory proof from the Burgo- masters" and Senators of the free and Hanseatic city of Bremen, " that from and after the 12th day of May, 1815, all discriminating or countervaihng duties of the said city, so far as they operated to the disadvantage of the United States, have been and are abolished :" he therefore declared, " that so much of the se- veral acts imposing duties on the tonnage of ships and vessels, wares and merchan- dise imported into the United States, as imposed a discriminating duty of tonnage between vessels of the free and Hanseatic city of Bremen, and vessels of the United States, and between goods imported into the United States in vessels of Bremen and vessels of the United States, are repealed, so fair as the same respects the produce or manufacture of the said free Hanseatic city of Bremen." Experience had demonstrated the benefits derived from the early policy in relation to our navigation. It was a powerfld cause, and produced a general effect, that coidd not be attributed to a temporary circumstance, affecting only one fo- reign nation ; the consequences to our shipping seemed to be permanently esta- blished. In the British House of Commons, (5th March, 1802,) Doctor Lawrence declared, that " all the effects of the navigation act, and all the care we (the Bri- tish) had taken during a period of above a century, had only made our shipping (the shipping of Great Britain) equal to that which America had created in a few years." The system which was formerly considered essential to the security of our navigation, has been abandoned ; and we now stibmit its success to a rival- ship in cheapness of freight. The expediency of our present policy, must be de- termined by future experience. The terms of the convention, concluded with Great Britain, must be fulfilled; if it proves injmious, it will not be renewed. Great Britain may then resort to countervailing duties ; in that case, our only remedy will be an adequate export duty, laid on our raw materials, when they are exported to Great Britain; but, before Congress can impose such duties, the Constitution of the United States requires to be amended. Every war between Great Britain and such of the continental powers of Europe as possess colonies in the West Indies, or on the continent of America, will augment the tonnage of neutral nations : our locality gives us advantages over every other nation. No doubt the late wars in Europe promoted the in- crease of our tonnage; but that this effect is not to be attributed entirely to those wars, must be evident from the fact, that our shipping was augmented prior to the rupture between Britain and France, in 1793. Had the war alone produced that result, why was not tlie tonnage of Sweden, Denmark, ^c. also materially augmented? As far as our knowledge extends no such increase took place, even when our navigation was liable to much interruption by the belli- 304 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. gerents, and when the French continental system had excluded us from most of the ports in Europe. The late war between the United States and Great Britain considerably re- duced the tonnage in the foreign trade. The proportion of foreign tonnage, to the whole amount of tonnage employed in the foreign trade, which, in 18 il, was as 3.4 to 100, in 1813 was augmented, and was as 48. to 100. The state- ments of the Ameiican and Foreign tonnage employed in the foreign trade re- present a greater proportion of foreign tonnage so occupied during the late war, than was actually the case ; many of our ships entered our ports as foreign vessels, with papers and flags, procured from the Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese and other foreign authorities. SECTION II. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE NAVIGATION AND SEAMEN OF THE « UNITED STATES. The late peace in Europe has checked ship-building m the United States; our tonnage was superabundant for our commerce, and many vessels were idle for want of freights. Numerous advantages are now offered to om- government; the materials required for vessels may be purchased at reasonable prices, and the artists can be employed under favourable circumstances. Our shipwiights should be placed under the immediate protection of the government; unless we now guard against theu' general dispersion, we may lose their services, and be very much embarrassed in case of emergency. All nations extensively engaged in navigation, have been affected by the peace in proportion to the augmentation of their tonnage, during the late conflicts in Europe ; none has suffered more than Great Britain. Such results are the con- sequences of incidental and temporary prosperity, and warn the ship-owner to keep in view that state of commerce by which his interests wUl be permanently promoted. Whilst the late political storms were almost desolating the civilized world, the vessels belonging to France, Holland and Spain were swept fi-om the ocean ; in proportion as the tonnage of these nations diminished, that of Of the Tonnage and Xavigation of the United States. 305 other states was augmented ; and none, in a greater degree, than our own. Fo- reign nations will make every effort to regain the navigation which the late wars had taken from them ; we must anticipate a reduction on our part, of as much as was formerly employed in the trade between those countries and their Ame- rican colonies. In 1788, the tonnage employed by France for her export trade to all the countries of Europe, amounted to 580,000 tons, owned by all na- tions, of which only 152,000 tons were French.^^') In 1792, according to the statements of the minister, Roland, the entries into the ports of France, amounted, in the aggi'egate, to 639,235 tons, employed in the import trade; of this amount 147,821 tons were French; 145,012 tons Bri- tish; and 346,402 tons belonging to all other nations. In the same year the clearances from the French ports, amounted to 544,935 tons; of which 147,410 tons were French; 90,662 tons British; and 306,863 tons belonging to all other nations.^^®) In 1800, a report was made to the French consuls ; it stated that the tonnage, employed in foreign commerce, entered inwards in the ports of France, amoimted to 273,137 tons, of which only 98,304 tons were French; in the same year, the clearances outwards, from the ports aforesaid, were 312,967 tons, of which only 104,687 tons were French. ^^''^ In 1802, "only two ships had been buUt in the river Thames for the mer- chant service since the 5th of October, 1801 ; namely, the Pacific, of 307 tons burthen, for the South Sea trade; and another of 600 tons building on specula- tion." Such was the reduced state of ship-biulding, in the greatest port in the world, during a period of fourteen months. At the time last mentioned, the ship- brokers, in the city of London, declared, that the depreciation in the value of ships amounted, during the same period, to £ 34 4s. 5d. per centum; and " that no other ships, than the two enumerated, had been contracted to be built in the river Thames, for the merchant service, since the 5th of October, 1801."^^*) They said further, that there was a difference of 38 per centum between the war and the peace prices for ships. Vessels which had cost, during the war, £ 3,200 J 3,800, and ^5,000; were, at peace prices, reduced to ^2,000, ^2,200, and £ 4,400 ; these facts were grounded on actual sales in Great Britain, after the conclusion of the peace at Amiens. In May, 1802, one hundred and fifty-two (25) Peu|ql)et^s Statistics of France, by N. Taylor, p. 133. (26) P^uicliet, loc. citat. p. 134. (27) Macpherson, loc. citat. vol. iv. p. 522. (28) Page Ixvi. Appendix to the Report of the Committee of Lords of Privy Council, 1791, republished .in 1807. ^06 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. ships, amounting in the aggregate to 40,190 tons, were offered for sale, within the port of London. In 1816, January, there was but one ship building in the port of Philadelphia; in 1817, we had no ship on the stocks in that port. Notwithstanding the reduc- tion of our shipping by a peace in Europe, if it were practicable to secure to our navigation the exclusive transportation of our exports, a considerable amount of tonnage must remain for us, as the bulky nature of our produce is peculiarly calculated to support it. In 1794, it was said, that " less than half the ships and vessels belonging to the United States, are sufficient to transport all the commodities they consume or in^ort."(29) In 1808, an estimate was made of the tonnage that would be necessary to export the articles of domestic growth, produce, or manufacture; the calaila- tions were founded on the bulky nature of the merchandise ; and the augmenta- tion thereof since 1791, compared with the tonnage then employed in oui- foreign trade ; upon these principles 750,000 tons were supposed to be adequate for that purpose, each vessel to make but one voyage in the year.(^°) In 1791, the aggregate value of the exports from the United States amount- ed to 20,753,098 doUars; of that amount, it was estimated, that the foreign mer- chandise re-exported was 3,799,202 doUars,^^^) or about one-fifth of the whole; leaving 16,953,896 dollars for the domestic produce exported. In 1791, the tonnage employed in the foreign trade of the United States was 604,402 tons; if, from this amount, we deduct 120,880 tons, or one-fifth of the whole, 483,522 tons will remain for the transportation of the domestic articles; w, there was one ton employed, for every 35.06 doUars value thereof In 1808, as we have already observed, the Secretary of the Treasury estunat- ed 750,000 tons of shipping to be necessary for the exclusive transportation of our domestic products. The merchandise of that description, exported in 1808, was valued at 31,405,702 dollars, which, by assuming the treasuiy estimate, would be at the rate of one ton for every 41.87 doUars value thereof. Calculat- ed on the average of the ten years from 1800 to 1809, both inclusive, the an- nual value of the domestic produce exported was 38,340,107 doUars, wMch, according to the estimate above mentioned for the tonnage, was at the rate of one ton for every 51.12 doUars value thereof In comparing the y««rs 1791, and 1808, it is necessary to keep in view the augmented prices paid for our staples in the last year mentioned. (29) Coxe's View of the United States, p. 436. (30) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 18th of January, 1808. ^31) Blodget's Manual. Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. 307 Commerce and navigation are not necessarily united in the same nation ; they are faculties which are completely separable. This proposition is illustrated by our intercoui'se with China ; we annually import considerable quantities of mer- chandise from Canton ; but the Chinese have not a single ton employed in this commerce. Production, the chief source of commerce, does not depend alone upon the wiU and industry of a nation. It is affected by climate, soil, seasons, and the general laws of nature. Transportation or navigation may flourish indepen- dent of native productions, and be controlled by the interest and policy of nations. The immense tonnage, now owned by the people in New-England, would be of no importance to them, if they did not find employment for it in the southern states, or in foreign countries; without these resources, it would sink to the level of their commercial capacity. One half of the tonnage, owned in the New-England states, would be more than adequate for the trans- portation of their surplus products. In 1810, the states of Massachusetts, New-Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut, contained 1,254,078 persons of every description; at that time, these states had 596,819 tons of shipping. The remaining states and territories, with a population of 5,985,825 persons, had only 827,964 tons of shipping. In the New-England states, the population was somewhat more than one-fifth of the total population, whereas their tonnage amounted to considerably more than one-third of the aggregate ton- nage of the United States. In the states above enumerated, there was one ton of shipping, for every 2.10 of their inhabitants; in the remaining states and territories the tonnage was as i. for every 7.22 inhabitants. The New- England states, at ah times, possessed the greatest proportion of the shipping of our country. In 1810, the tonnage of the United States an-ived at its maximum, and amounted to 1,424,783 tons;f^^) the population at that period, amounted to 7,239,903 persons of every description; or there was one ton of shipping for every 5.08 of the inhabitants. Of the aggregate tonnage, in 1810, 221,000 tons, nearly one sixth of the whole, was owned in the districts situated between the Mississippi and the Potomac rivers; 321,000 tons, somewhat less than one fourth of the whole, were owned in districts situated between the Potomac and the Hudson rivers, including the city of New- York; and 882,000 tons, con- siderably more than half of the aggregate tonnage, were owned in districts situated north of the Hudson river. If our sliipping, in 1810, be estimated at fifty dollars per ton, the aggregate value thereof amounted to 71,239,150 dollars. (32) It is probable, that the actual tonnage may have been somewhat less; deductions are to be made for such vessels as may have been worn out, losses at sea, and captures and condemnations. 308 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. The registered tonnage, of the United States, calculated on the average of the ten years, from 1800 to 1809, was held in the states respectively in the foUowing ratio, compared with the population; viz: in New-Hampshire as o.09 tons for each inhabitant; in Vermont as o.OOl to 1 ; in Massachusetts as 0.37 to 1 ; in Rhode Island as 0.19 to l ; in Connecticut as O.IO to l ; in New- York as 0.13 to 1 ; in New-Jersey as 0.01 to l ; in Pennsylvania a.s 0.10 to 1 ; in Delaware as 0.02 to 1 ; in Maryland as 0.17 to l ; in Virginia as 0.03 to 1 ; in North Carolina as 0.03 to 1 ; in South Carolina as 0.09 to 1 ; and in Georgia as 0.03 to 1. The tonnage employed in the fisheries is almost exclusively owned in New- Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut ; Massachusetts holds by far the greatest proportion thereof. The following Statement exhibits the proportion of the tonnage to the number of the people in the cities and towns enumerated; calculated on the returns for 1810. Number of the Tons of ship- Proportion of the Tonnage to the CITIES AND TOWNS. inhabitants in ping owned number of Inhabitants. 1810. in 1810. Portsmouth (N. H.) 6.934 28,820 4.15 tons for 1 inhabitant Boston 33.250 149,121 4.48 do. do. Providence (R; I.) 10,071 15.863 1.57 do. do. New-YorkC33) 96,373 268,548 2.78 do. do. Philadelphia 53.722 125,258 2.23 do. do. Baltimore 35,583 103,444 2.90 do. do. Charleston (S. C.) 24,711 52,888 2.14 do. do. In 1810, our registered tonnage amounted to 984,269 tons, or there was one ton for every 7.35 persons in the United States. Calculated on the average of the three years, 1810, 1811 and 1812, the tonnage of the registered vessels belonging to the British empire, amounted to 2,459,872 tons.(^) In 18 13, the in- habitants of Great Britain were estimated at 16,456,303 persons,(^'> or there was 1 ton for every 6.69 persons. Recapitulation of the tonnage of the United States, for the year 1816; ac- cording to a letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 15th January, 1818. (^33) Population of the city and county of New-York. (34) Colquhoun, loc. citat. p. 100. (35; Ibid. loc. citat. p. 7. Of the Tonnage and Mivigation of the United States. 309 The aggregate amount of the tonnage of the United States on the Tom. looths. 31st of December, 1816, is stated at 1,372,218 53 Whereof, permanent registered tonnage 701,477 66 temporary do. do. 99,281 92 Total registered tonnage 800,759 63 Permanent enrolled and licensed tonnage 501,497 41 Temporary do. do. 17,529 03 Total enrolled and licensed tonnage 519,026 44(") Licensed vessels under twenty tons employed in the coasting trade . 42,185 70 In the Cod Fishery 10,246 66 Total licensed tonnage under twenty tons . . 52,432 41 As above 1,372,218 53 (a) Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage there was employed in the coasting trade 479,979 14 Whale Fishing 1,168 00 Cod Fishing 57,879 30 As above 519,026 44 Note. The true amount of the tonnage is ascertained from the corrections of the collectors in the dif- ferent districts in the United States ; each collector is furnished with a list of outstanding registers, includ- ing the number, name and tonnage of each vessel, applicable to his district ; from this he strikes off such vessels as no longer belong thereto. The tonnage on which duties were collected in 1816, amounted as follows, viz: Registered tonnage paying duty on each voyage . . . . 865,219 57 Enrolled and Ucensed tonnage employed in the coasting trade paying an annual duty 414,594 47 Fishing vessels the same 48 147 40 Tons, 1,327,961 49 Note. Duties were also paid on tonnage owned by citizens of the United States engaged in foreign trade, not registered 11,811 02 Do. coasting trade do 430 82 12,241 84 Total amount of tonnage on which duties were collected, Tons, 1,340,203 38 3 R 310 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. Our vessels stand unrivaUed for the elegance of their construction; our re- sources for ship-buUding are abundant m all the states ; and we have a superabun- dance of naval stores. Ships have been built at Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania, of more than 500 tons burthen; thence to the ocean, they descended more than two thousand miles on the rivers Ohio and Mississippi, and they were afterwards employed in the foreign trade. In 1769, the vessels built in the colonies, which afterwards formed the thirteen United States, amounted to 20,001 tons; in 1770, to 20,610 tons, and in 1771, to 24,068 tons.W In 1772, the number of the vessels built was 182, whose ag- gregate tonnage amounted to 26,544 tons; in 1789 there were 31 vessels built, the tonnage thereof amounted to 4,366 tons.^s?) .1 Statement of the Tonnage of J^Tew Vessels annually huilt within the United States, founded on the eoUee- tors'' abstracts transmitted to the Treasury Department of the United States. YEARS. REGISTERED. ENROI.l.F.D. TOTAU Tom. 95th8. Tons. 95ths. Tons. 95ths. 1803 56,671 83 31,796 52 88,448 40 1804 73,649 39 30,104 52 103,753 91 1805 97,373 57 30,533 41 128,507 03 1806 93,971 61 32,121 63 126,093 29 1807 71,175 85 28,608 07 99,783 92 1808 11,776 45 19,978 34 31,755 34 1809 72,219 92 19,177 58 91.397 55 1810 • 102,479 72 25,096 14 127,575 86 1811 108,395 72 38,296 10 146,691 82 1812 58,677 21 26,014 21 84,690 42 1813 18,482 46 12,670 89 31,153 40 1814 13,445 55 15,594 35 29,039 90 1815 106,079 33 48,545 06 154,624 39 1816 62,206 41 69,461 45 131,667 86 From 1803 to 1812, both inclusive, the tonnage of the new registered vessels, built within the United States, amounted in the aggregate to 746,391 tons, and of enrolled vessels to 281,726 tons, making a grand total of l, 028,117 tons; or calculated on the average of the ten years aforesaid, the tonnage of new regis- tered vessels built annuaUy, amounted to 74,639 tons; of enrolled to 28,172 tons; and the total to 102,811 tons. The following account of the number of vessels, with the amount of their tonnage, annuaUy built and registered in the several ports of the British empire, ^36) Macpherson's Annals vol. iii. p. 570, (37) Report of Privy Council, 1791, p. 87 Of the Tonnage and Kavigation of the United States. 3H between the 5th of January, 1793, and the 5th of January, 1805, was printed by order of the House of Commons, 1st of April, 1806. and vessels of all sizes, from three tons upwards. This return includes ships Vessels. Tonnage. Average rate of Tonnage. In the year 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 ' 1804 800 714 719 823 727 833 858 1,041 1,065 '. 1,281 1,407 991 75,085 66,022 72,241 94,972 84,195 89,319 98,044 134,198 122,593 137,508 135,692 95,979 93 Iff 92ffi 100 Ifr 115 IIt 107 Mr 115 ^o 114 if! 123 ff# llSxVs^ 107AVt 96 IM Total 12 years 11,259 1,205,847 107AW^ Calculated on the average of the twelve years above enumerated, the ships and vessels aforesaid, annually built and registered in the ports of the British empire, amounted to 100,487| tons; those built in the years 1810, 1811 and 1812, amounted in number to 809 vessels annually, and measured 99,886 tons.C^*^ From a comparison of the foregoing Statements, it appears that the tonnage of the new vessels annually budt within the United States, was actually greater than that of the new vessels annually built in Great Britain : in America they amounted to 102,811 tons; in the British empire to 100,333 tons per annum. Amount of tonnagei sold to foreigners, as per collectors' returns for 1815 and 1816 Amount of tonnage lost at sea, as per collectors' returns for 1815 and 1816 Amount of tonnage captured during the late war, as per collectors' returns for 1815 and 1816 Amount of tonnage condemned as unworthy, as per collectors' returns for 1815 and 1816 Registered tonnage. Tons. 95ths. 32,159 40 31.233 26 9,923 22 7,626 87 Enrolled tonnage. Tons, gsths. 796 89 8,862 10 3,735 41 2,379 11 From 1791 to 1815, both years inclusive, the tonnage duties paid into the Treasury of the United States, amounted to 4,020,315 dollars; or to 160,812 dol- lars per annum, calculated on the average of the twenty-five years. (38) Colquhoun, loc. citat. p. 100. 312 Of the Tonnage and Ka-oigation of the United States. In 1792,(39) the vessels entitled to a register, enrolment, or license for carry- ing on the coasting trade, and no other, were declared to be vessels of the United States ; these vessels retain their character only whilst they continue to be wholly owned, and are commanded by citizens. Vessels built within the United States before or after the 4th of July, 1776, belonging whoUy to citizens, or such ves- sels as were not buUt in the United States, but which on the 16th day of May, 1789, belonged, and thenceforth continued to belong to citizens, and such vessels as may be captured by citizens and lawfully condemned as prize,(*") and such as may be adjudged to be forfeited for a breach of the laws of the United States, being wholly owned by citizens, and no other, are allowed to be registered. A vessel as aforesaid, forfeits the benefits of a register, in the case of being in whole or in part owned by any citizen of the United States, who usually resides in a foreign country, during the continuance of such residence, unless he be a consul of the United States, or an agent for, and a partner in some house of trade, con- sisting of citizens actually caiTying on trade within the said states. In 1797,^**^ ves- sels of the United States, seized, captured, or condemned, under the authority of any foreign power, or which by sale become the property of any foreigner, are not allowed to receive a new register, notwithstanding they should thereafter become American property ; in every respect these vessels are treated as foreign vessels. And in 1804,^*^) vessels of the United States forfeited that character, by being in whole or in part owned by any person naturalized in the United States, re- siding for more than one year in the country from which he originated, or for more than two years in any foreign country, unless he be in the capacity of a consul, or other public agent of the United States. The registers, enrolments and licenses, are obtained from the collector of the customs, in the district where the vessel belongs; the documents aforesaid, contain a description of the vessel for which they may have been respectively gi-anted, and statements thereof are annually transmitted to the Treasury depart- ment. No other than a registered vessel can be employed in the foreign trade; vessels engaged in the coasting trade and the fisheries require to be enrolled or licensed. (*^^ (39) Act 3l9t December, 1792; vol. ii. chap. 146. (40) The Secretary of the Treasury has decided, that the condemnation must take place in the United States. (41) Act 2nh June, 1797; vol. iii. chap. 5. (42) Act 27th March, 1804; vol. iii. ch. 406. (43) To obtain an enrolment or a license, the vessel must be qualified in the manner prescribed for a regis- ter in the Act of 31st December, 1792. Registered vessels may be enrolled and licensed, upon giving up the registry, and enrolled and licensed vessels may be registered on giving up the enrolment and license. Enrolled or licensed vessels proceeding on a foreign voyage, without first giving up their enrolments and licenses, and being registered, are forfeited. Act 18th February, 1793; vol. ii. ch. 153. Oflhe Tonnage and Xavigation of the United States. 313 In 1796,(**) the Secretary of State was directed to prepare the form of a pass- port for vessels of the United States; and every such vessel, before she departs for a foreign country, must be fui-nished at the request of the master, by the collector of the district where she is, with a passport, for which he must pay ten dollars. The passport cannot be applied to any vessel, except the one for which it was especially granted, and in the case of her being lost or sold, it must be re- turned to the collector who granted it. If any vessel of the United States departs for any foreign country, without a passport, the master forfeits two hundred dollars. For every vessel of the United States sailing to any foreign country, other than some place in America, four dollars must be paid to the collector, for every voyage, at the time of clearLug outward, if the vessel be bound direct to such foreign country, from any port of the United States, or at the time of entry in the United States, if the vessel sailed to such foreign country from any place in America other than of the United States. In 1803,(*') unregistered vessels owned by citizens sailing with a sea-letter, and going to any foreign country, were directed to be furnished with a passport and to pay four dollars for every voyage, and to be subject to the rules and conditionsprescribedinthe Act of 1st June, 1796, for vessels of the United States. In 1804,^*^^ vessels sailing under a Spanish or French register, and belonging on the 20th of December, 1803, and continuing to belong wholly to citizens of the United States, then residing within the territories ceded to the United States, in vu-tue of the treaty concluded with the French republic in 1803, or to any inhabitant of the ceded territory^ on the 30th of April, 1803, who continued to reside therein, and being a citizen of the United States, were allowed to be re- gisted, enrolled, or licensed, and thereafter were deemed vessels of the United States, entitled to aU the benefit granted to such vessels. Vessels owned by American citizens and employed in the foreign trade, which, for account of being foreign buUt, or other cause, are refused a register, are termed " unregistered vessels," and sail under the authority of a sea-letter, certifying such vessel to be the property of a citizen of the United States. Merchandise, imported in unregistered or in sea letter vessels, is subject to the additional duty of ten per centum; these vessels pay foreign tonnage duties, and are not allowed to be employed in the fisheries ; they are not liable to pay the " light money" duty ; in all other respects they are treated as foreign vessels when they enter the ports of the United States. To be exempted from the light money duty, the owner or master of the vessel must make oath that (44) Act 1st June, 1796; vol. ii. ch. 3S9. (45) Act 2d March, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 329; (46) Act 25th February, 1804; vol. iii. ch. 370. 314 Of the Tonnage and Kavigatim of the United States. Every person, who knowingly makes or avaUs himself of any false sea-letter, Meoiterranean passport,(«) or certificate of registry, forfeits five thousand doUars, and It he be an officer of the United States, he is for ever rendered incapable of noidmg any office under their authority/*^) In l8io,C5o) after the 30th of June, no sea-letter or other document, certifying any vessel to be the property of a citizen of the United States, was authorized to be issued, except to vessels registered, or enrolled and Ucensed as vessels of the United States, or to vessels which were then wholly owned by citizens and were entitled to sea-letters or other custom-house documents. Vessels then abroad, though entitled to sea-letters, are refused the same, unless they returned to the United States on or before the 30th of June, 1810. In 1816, tlie unregistered vessels belonging to citizens of the United States, were computed at 87,000 tons. Statement of tlie Tonnage of the Sea-Letter Vesxek, belonging to the Vnited States, on whidi Duties were collected in 1813, 1814, 1815 and 1816. YEARS. Enga|ed in the foreigD trade. Engaged in the coasting trade. ToUL 1813 1814 1815 1816 Tons, gsths. 3,534 87 1,029 73 11,708 93 11.811 02 Tons. SSths. 176 10 512 47 430 82 Tons. 95tha. 3,711 02 1,029 73 12,221 45 12,241 84 In 1798 1799 and 1800, Great Britain, in her West India trade, employed one man for every fourteen tons of shipping; the vessels averaged 292 tons each. Their vessels in 1791 and 1792, engaged in the French trade, had one man for every thirteen tons ; and averaged 80 tons each. The vessels employed in the commerce with Germany, in 1798, 1799 and 1800, averaged 165 tons each; and had one man for every nineteen tons. In the trade ^vith Holland, m I79l'and 1792, the vessels averaged 132 tons each; and had one man for every nineteen tons. In the trade with Prussia, they averaged 105 tons each; and had one man for every 20^ tons.C^') M?-) Act 3fl March, 1805; vol. iii. cli. 454. ..... r i (48) "Mediterranean passports" are the certificates of the American character of vessels, granted pursuant to treaties concluded with the Barbary powers. (49) Act 2d March, 1803; vol. iii. ch. 331. (50) Act 26th March, 1810; vol. iv. ch. 244.^ (51) Brougham's Colonial Policy, vol. i. p- 17r. Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. 315 The registered tonnage of Great Britain, as we have already stated, on the average of the three years, amounted to 2,459,872 tons; and was navigated by 163,124 men and boys; or there were 15 tons for each of the persons employed.^^^^ The Danes diminish the number of the men, as the tonnage increases ; they add one fourth to the crews of the vessels engaged " in the near trade," when they are dispatched on long voyages/*^) The British East Indiamen, in proportion to their tonnage, employ two or three times as many seamen as their Baltic traders.^'^) American vessels commonly employ six men for every hundred tons of ship- ping, engaged in the foreign and coasting trades ; and eight men for every hun- dred tons employed in the fisheries, including the officers, men and boys. In 1816, the seamen supposed to be required for our tonnage were estimated at 70,000.^^*) In 1815, the estimates, for the service of our navy, contemplated the employment of fifteen thousand and two hundred, officers, seamen and boys.^"^ The returns for the seamen, annually registered, by virtue of the act of the 28th of May, 1796, vol. ii. c. cccxxx. entitled, "An act for the relief and pro- tection of American Seamen," are as foUow, viz. For the three last quarters of the year 1796 4,849 For the year 1797 9,021 Do 1798 7,031 Do 1799 6,514 Do 1800 3,390 Do 1801 6,917 Do 1802 891 Do 1803 10,724 Do • . . . 1804 6,822 Do 1805 10,722 Do 1806 9^900 Do 1807 7,937 Do 1808 1,134 Do 1809 9,120 Do 1810 3,668 Do 1811 4,828 Do 1812 3,252 Total, 106,757 (52.) Colquhoun, loc. citat. p. lOO. (53) Brougham, loc. citat. p. 177, et seq. (54) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations in the Senate, dated 26th January, 1816. & > (55) This number included those who were engaged on the ocean, in the flotilla service, and on the lakes-. 316 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. The Secretary of State in his report, dated 28th February, 1813, said, " That from the deficiency of returns, it is to be reasonably inferred that the number of seamen actuaUy enregistered in the United States, during the period embraced by this report, exceeds that now stated by one third." The number of persons born in foreign countries who have been legally natu- raUzed m the United States, and registered annuaUy as American seamen, by vutue of the act of 28th of May, 1796, is as foUows, viz. For the year 1796 ^^^ ^"^ 4797 165 150 1798 Ill I>0- • 1799 95 Do 1800 54 Do 1801 48 Do 1802 26 Do 1803 140 Do 1804 124 Do. 1805 68 Do 1806 70 Do 1807 71 Do 1808 55 Do 1809 214 Do 1810 147 Do 1811 , 39 Do 1812 33 Total, i,530(»6) The returns for 1811 and 1812 are incomplete, and probably fall short of the actual number registered during those years. The documents in the Treasury do not discriminate between native and na- turalized citizen seamen. In 1807, it was supposed, that nearly one-sixth of the whole number of the seamen, employed in navigating American vessels, were foreigners. In the foreign trade of the United States, the alien seamen were believed to constitute one-fourth of the whole number so employed. ("^ (56) Report of the Secretary of State, in answer to a resolution of the Senate, dated 6th January, 1813. (57) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, dated 26th January, 1816. Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. 317 Summary Statement of the Tonnage of the United States. ' Note. The documents in the Treasury did not designate the Tonnage employed in the Whale Fishery prior to ir94. Licensed vessek under 20 Tons. Registered Ton- Enrolled Ton- YEARS. nage employ- ed in Foreign Trade. nage employed in the Coasting Trade. Enrolled Tonnage employed Total Tonnage of in the Fisheries. Employed in Employed in every description. the Coasting the Cod- Trade. Fishery. Tons. 95tha. Tons. 95ths. Tons. 95ths. Tons. 95ths, Tons. 95ths. Tons. 95ths. 1789 123.893 OO 68,607 00 9,062 00 — .^ 201,562 00 1790 346,254 00 103,775 00 28,348 00 — — 478,377 00 1791 363,110 00 106,494 00 32,542 00 — — 502,146 00 1792 1793 411,438 00 367,734 23 120,957 00 114,853 10 32,062 00 7,217 53 1.985 64 564,437 00 491,780 50 Whale fishery. Cod fishery. _ 38,177 00 1794 438,862 71 167,227 42 4,139 00 23,121 00 16,977 36 5,549 50 628,816 99 1795 529,470 63 164,795 91 3,162 68 24,887 06 19,601 59 6.046 05 747,963 92 1796 576,733 25 195,423 64 2,363 51 28,509 39 22,416 66 6,453 41 831,900 86 1797 597,777 43 214,077 Oo 1,103 70 33,406 67 23,325 64 7,222 31 876,912 80 1798 603,376 37 227,343 79 763 09 35,476 81 24,099 43 7,269 37 898,328 26 1799 669,197 19 220,904 46 592 29 23,932 26 25,736 08 6.046 17 946,408 45 1800 669,921 35 245,295 04 651 74 22,306 94 27,196 91 7.120 06 972,492 04 1801 718,549 60 246,255 34 736 35 31,279 57 28,296 19 8,101 85 1,033,218 90 1802 560,380 63 260,543 16 580 08 32,987 42 29,079 58 8,533 56 892,101 43 1803 597,157 05 268,676 12 1,142 49 43,416 20 30,384 34 8,396 24 949,147 44 1804 672,530 18 286,840 01 323 40 43,088 08 30.696 56 8,925 73 1,042,403 96 1805 749,341 22 301,366 38 898 13 48,479 30 31i296 73 8,986 37 1,140,368 93 1806 808,284 68 309,977 05 728 50 50,353 20 30,562 54 8,829 57 1,208.735 50 1807 848,306 85 318,189 93 907 17 60,689 88 30,838 39 8,616 20 1,268.548 42 1808 769,053 54 387,684 43 724 20 43,597 40 33,135 33 8,400 22 1.242,595 12 1809 910,059 23 371,500 56 573 12 26,109 67 33,661 75 8.376 93 1,350,281 26 L810^ 984,269 05 371,114 12 339 24 26,250 91 34,232 57 8,577 28 1,424,783 27 1811 768,852 21 386,258 70 54 17 34,360 85 34,103 55 8,872 76 1,232,502 39 1812 760,624 40 443,180 75 941 94 21,822 64 34,790 78 8,636 65 1,269,997 36 1813 674,853 44 433,404 87 788 74 12,255 30 37,703 87 8,622 13 1,166,628 56 1814 674,632 63 4Z5,71S 59 561 55 8,863 35 40,443 44 8,992 23 1,159,208 89 1815 854,294 74 435,066 87 1,229 92 26,510 33 40,598 51 10,427 26 1,368,127 78 1816 800,759 63 479,979 14 1,168 00 37,879 30 42.185 70 10,246 66 1,372,218 53 s s 318 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. A Statement of the American and Foreign Tonnage entered into the United States, employed in the Foreign Trade; the proportion of the American to the American ves- sels employed ' FOREIGX American built vessel Foreign built vessel YEARS. in the foreign owned by owned by trade. foreigners. Americans Britisli. French. Spanish. Portuguese . Italian. Dutch. Austrian. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 1789 127,329 — 651 94,110 4,223 2,761 1,168 _ 2,275 342 1790 354,767 — 312 216,914 12,059 7,381 3,777 _ 6,136 459 1791 363,662 — 190 210,618 8.988 4,337 4,766 __' 3.751 2,326 1792 414,679 — — 206,065 24,343 2,692 2,341 __ 3,557 1793 447,754 1,110 — 100,180 45.287 3,090 3,153 458 577 4,972 1794 525,649 50 1,497 37.058 11.249 2,230 6.044 192 417 978 1795 580,277 274 5,443 27.097 7,425 1.999 738 409 1.128 1,077 1796 675,046 — 3,114 19,669 2,055 2,449 637 758 301 1797 608,078 — 3,936 33,168 1,336 571 554 1.460 451 __ 1798 522.045 397 409 40,773 1.519 542 1.057 973 1799 626.495 1,782 234 54,087 1.330 1.122 374 257 135 1800 682,871 171 1,308 71,689 1,007 1.432 55 173 ^^ 1 1801 849,302 227 868 111,593 1,037 2.484 -_ 716 ^_ , j 1802 798,805 519 952 104.473 7,659 8.582 1.111 102 .^_ 1803 787,424 15 161 104,336 14,102 15.542 6,316 ^» 1,118 » 1804 821,962 64 — 73,500 1,857 16.304 4,494 506 563 152 1805 922,298 — — 65,408 344 2.537 1,650 273 254 1806 1.044,005 — 241 69,350 46 640 1,445 ^_ , ^ 1807 1,089,876 — — , 64,727 — 687 2,032 >■-« 1808 525.130 35 — 34,551 885 950 147 _ __ ^^^ 1809 603,931 86 502 71,808 474 12,428 1,333 241 ■ 1810 906.434 124 156 52,286 117 19,336 2,103 ^_ 382 1811 948.247 185 340 10,647 579 11,380 7,807 ..^ __ 1812 667.999 209 67 1.196 2.151 18,436 13.573 245 243 1813 237,348 158 — -90 2,992 46,438 15,282 _ 1 509 1814 59,626 166 — 568 483 20.096 1,885 __ __ 1815 706,463 315 135 142.709 4,054 14.359 9,488 3,197 567 1816 877,031 124 "^™ 212,426 10,997 9.650 2,603 ""■ 5,179 1.029 Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. from 1789, to the 31st day of December, 1816, showing the total of the Tonnage Foreign Tonnage, and the excess of the American Tonnage, so employed. 319 VESSELS. \ Aggregate of Proportion of foreign tonnage to the ^fhole Excess of the tonnage amount of ton- American ton- emplo}'ed in nage employed nage employ- Hanseatic. Swedish. Danish. Prussian. Russian. Other. Total foreign. the foreign trade. \ in the toreign trade of the Unit- ed States. ed in the fo- reign trade. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 816 _ 659 ^^ ^^ __ 106.654 234.634 41.19 to 100 127,980 1,97a 535 1.113 394 — — 251,058 606,137 41.4 to do. 355,079 2.989 361 2,092 ^^ 320 — 240,740 604,592 39.8 to do. 363,852 3,214 907 1,159 M~ ,— — 244,278 658,957 37.0 to do. 414.679 1,166 2.319 2,364 __ .^^ 164,676 613,540 26.8 to do. 448,864 4,373 11.043 9,390 — 84,521 611,717 13.8 to do. 527,196 4.006 4,316 8,637 _ — 62,549 648,543 9.7 to do. 585,994 4.987 5.560 10,430 — 49,960 728.120 6.9 to do. 678,160 11,996 6,064 16,726 431 ^^ — 76,693 688.707 11.2 to do. 612,014 18,773 4.149 19,148 721 — 88,568 611,617 14.5 to do. 523.051 22.070 5,513 22,110 585 _» 109,599 738,110 14.9 to do. 628,511 15.365 7,724 23,978 705 _» 275 122.403 808,507 15.13 to do. 686,104 17.871 5.894 15,553 1,905 217 157,270 1,008,979 15.58 to do. 851,709 12,980 1,127 6,491 2,994 — 145,519 942,138 15.44 to do. 796,619 13.146 1,303 5,754 2,097 — 163,714 951,489 17.2 to do. 787,600 9.583 3.631 6,388 4,947 216 — 122,141 944,166 12.9 to do. 822,026 8.697 2.932 2,945 2,434 368 — 87,842 1.010.141 8.69 to do. 834,455 11.214 2,783 4,109 275 849 273 90,984 1,135.504 8.01 to do. 1,044,520 4.972 5.330 7,464 1,275 293 — 86,780 1,176,198 7.3 to do. 1,003,554 2.412 6,944 1,785 — — — 47,674 593,137 8.03 to do. 545,463 603 12.318 — — — — 99,205 685,019 11.8 to do. 604.519 3.712 1.777 373 — 230 — 80,316 987,030 8.1 to do. 906.714 1.282 1.187 — 320 — — 33,202 981,975 3.4 to do. 948,772 ._ 6.671 1,045 867 2,671 — 47,098 715,374 6.6 to do. 668,275 40,068 — 514 6,365 1.571 113,827 352,904 32.25 to do. 239,077 523 19.565 — 750 4,431 — 48,301 108,094 44.7 to do. 59,792 6.699 15,481 3,043 940 12,475 4.364 217,376 929.111 22.20 to do. 711,735 2.855 7,442 3,394 172 1,890 1,380 259,017 1,150,056 22.52 to do. 891,039 320 ) Of the Tonnage and Navigation of the United States. s "53 ^^ 2? ^ I O OS 35 oj 05 QO I « CT'^tOG^'HI 1 l(0| 1 1 |. 04 ^ oi « •q.cnT(o| « "s (»OCX)C0i-i| 1 ookIq) TT 1^ g H «o en ■* CO « 00 §5 of ri i^ g gglS^S 1 1 I IS IS 1 Tf lo CT CO lO 00 s CO f^ H >o"r^" s" !1 1 oi CO IS IS 1 1 MSI 11 1 s 00 O CO « o t^ ■^ H 00 0? .^ 05«Or^OTfO>0'*0«S<0<0-- »-. 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It was perceived that the climate and soil of those regions, woidd not yield a reward commensm-ate with their labour, when confined to agriculture alone ; the people sought additional support from the toils and perils of the fisherman, for which they were weU adapted, and they calculated that this occupation would in future become a valuable branch of commerce. In 1670 the Cod Fishery was commenced by the people in New-England ; such was their application that, in 1675, they had in this employment 665 vessels, which measured 25,650 tons, and navigated by 4,405 seamen ; at that early period they caught at the rate of from 350,000 to 400,000 quintals offish per annum. In 1715, our fishermen first pursued the Whale. These fish, then known as the Greenland Whale, fi-equented our northern coasts ; in a very short time, the activity and success of the colonists in taking them, forced them into more southern latitudes, where the intruders were followed by the harpoons of their former enemies ; they were chased off" the Azores, along the coasts of AMca and Brazil, to the remote region of Falkland's Island. The discovery of a new species of the whale was the consequence of this extensive and perilous cir- cumnavigation; the new fish was found to be more valuable, than that on our northern coasts; to it they gave the name of the « Spermaceti Whale." These Fisheries were now distinguished into the northern and southern whale fisheries. In 1771, the Americans employed 183 vessels, measuring 13,820 tons, in the northern; and 121 vessels, measuring 14,020 tons, in the southern whale fisheries; these vessels gave employment to 4,059 seamen. At the commencement of our revolutionary war, we had 177 vessels in the northern, and 132 vessels in the southern fisheries; but the war proved, during its continuance, destructive to our fisheries. 3 Y 334 Of the Fisheries of the United States. The treaty of peace concluded in 1783, between the United States and Great Britain, recognized the right of the people of the United States, " to take fish of every kind on the grand bank, and on all the other banks of Newfoundland ; also in the gulph of St. Lawrence, and at all other places in the sea, where the inhabitants of both countries used at any time heretofore to fish ; and also that the inhabitants of the United States shall have liberty to take fish of every kind on such part of the coast of Newfoundland as British fishermen shall use (but not to dry or cure the same on that island) ; and also on the coasts, bays and creeks of all other of his Britannic majesty's dominions in America; and that the American fishermen shall have liberty to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours and creeks of Nova Scotia, Magdalen islands and Labrador, so long as the same shall re- main unsettled ; but as soon as the same or either of them shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for the said fishermen to dry or cure fish at such settlement, without a previous agreement for that purpose with the inhabitants, proprietors or possessors of the ground."^^) After the peace our fishermen returned to their former occupation, under many disadvantages. In 1786, 1787, 1788 and 1789, on the average, we had 539 vessels, measuring 19,185 tons, with 3,287 men, in the Cod fishery; 250,650 quintals was the annual produce of their industry. In 1789, we exported 371,319 quintals, and 24,118 barrels of American caught fish. The citizens engaged m these employments met with heavy losses, which in 1789 induced the people of the town of Marblehead alone, to take thirty-three of then- vessels from the fisheries. Our fishermen have been almost exclusively confined to the New-England states ; of these Massachusetts had the greatest share. At no time was a vessel engaged in the Whale fisheries, owned south of Connecticut. In the Cod fisheiy, no vessel (except 48g-^ tons, returned for New-Jersey in 1803, and 66^ tons for Vir^nia in 1796,) was owned south of New-York. In 1789 the unprofitable sales made in foreign markets, excited the sympathy of the people of Massachusetts for their fishermen; their enterprise and the perils they had encountered, made them worthy of the patronage of the nation.. On the 4th of April, 1790, a "representation of the general court of the com- (1) By virtue ofacircular, dated Secretary's Office, Halifax, 24th June, 1817, " American fishermen are not perinitted to frequent the harbours, bays or creeks of the province of Nova Scotia, unless driven into them by actual distress." This prohibition, as far as it relates to the drying and curing of the fish, is of minor consequence ; the American fishermen have for some years past, prepared at least one-fourth of their fish on board the vessels ; the final curing thereof was made in the ports of the United States. 2 Of the Fisheries of the United States. 335 monwealth of Massachusetts, on the subject of the Cod and Whale fisheries," was laid before the Congress of the United States. It was stated that, prior to the revolutionary war, about 4,000 seamen and 24,000 tons of shipping, had been annually employed from the state of Massachusetts, in the Whale fishery ; the produce thereof was estimated at about 1,166,666 dollars. There were also 4,ooo seamen and 28,000 tons of shipping engaged in the Cod fishery; the produce thereof was estimated at 838,333 dollars. A branch of industry of so much value, could not be readily abandoned by the people of the United States. On the 9th of August, 1790, Congress referred the "representation" afore- said, to the Secretary of State ; that officer made a report, which was laid before the legislature on the 4th of Februaiy, 1791 ;. this document embraced a view of the fisheries of most of the nations in Europe, and developed their policy on the subject. The British government was anxious to acquire the industry and enterprise of our fishermen; many advantages were offered to them; and they invited them to remove to their colonies. Some contemplated a removal to Nova Sco- tia; when the French government made propositions, which prevented their emigration to the British; and caused thirty-three persons to remove fi'om the island of Nantucket, to reside at Dunkirk. When the French discovered that they could not induce many of these people to abandon their native country, unwilling, however, to lose sight of a means to check the growing power of Great Britain, they offered fiirther advantages to the fishermen of the United States, and consented to admit the produce of the American fisheries into their ports, under conditions denied to that of other nations. The British government, satisfied of the importance of this branch of indus- try, encouraged their fishermen, by granting premiums and allowing bounties, and by prohibiting the introduction of the produce of the fisheries of other nations into their ports. The government of the United States, hitherto, had left their fishermen almost unnoticed ; our fisheries were very little encouraged by national patronage. It was supposed, that the people of the United States pos- sessed many advantages over those of other nations ; in some respects this was true ; and as such, the Secretary of State, enumerated the following ; viz. " 1. The neighbourhood of the great fisheries, which permits our fishermen to bring home their fish, to be salted by their wives and children. " 2. The shore fisheries, so near at hand as to enable the vessels, to run into port in a storm, and to lessen the risk, for which distant nations must pay an insurance. 336 Of the Fisheries of the United States. "3. The ynnter fisheries, which, like household manufactures, employ por- tions of time which would otherwise be useless. " 4. The smallness of the vessels which the shortness of the voyage enables us to employ ; and which, consequently, requires but a small capital. " 5. The cheapness of our vessels; which do not cost above the half of the Baltic fir vessels, computing price and duration. " 6. Their excellence as sea boats ; which decreases the risk, and facilitates the returns. " 7. The superiority of our mariners, in skill, activity, enterprise, sobriety, and order. " 8. The cheapness of provisions. " 9. The cheapness of casks ; which, of itself, is said to be equal to an extra profit of 15 per cent." Notwithstanding the apparent advantages in favour of our fishermen, insur- mountable difliculties existed, unless the legislature should interpose in then- favour. The expenses, for an outfit, were much increased by the duties laid on the foreign articles imported, that were indispensable to this occupation. The fishermen asked for a remission of these duties, and they requested, that pre- miums and bounties^^) might be allowed to them, in imitation of the system fol- lowed by other governments. To relieve oui' fishermen the Secretary of State submitted the following pro- positions to Congress ; viz. 1. A remission of the duties on the articles used for their calling. 2. A retaliating duty on foreign oils, coming to seek a competition with them in or from our ports. 3. That the government should endeavour, by arrangements to be concluded with foreign nations, to obtain free markets abroad for their produce. In 1789,W in lieu of a drawback of the duties imposed on the importation of the salt, employed and expended in curing fish of the fisheries of the United States, exported to any foreign country, five cents were paid on every quintal of dried fish, and on every barrel of pickled fish so exported. (3) In 1672, the British government granted to the fishermen in the whale fishery, a bounty of 6s. ster- ling per ton, on the oil they should bring home. This bounty was gradually increased; in 1745, it was raised to 40s. per ton. When our revolutionary war commenced, they allowed additional bounties of ^500, ^400, ^300, ^200. ^100 sterling, per annum, "to the five ships which should take the great- est quantity of oil." And in 1783, granted to every fishing vessel, which complied with the conditions pre- scribed in their act of parliament, from eighteen to fifty pounds sterling; by this means the number of their vessels, and their fishermen, was very much augmented. In 1786, they reduced the northern bounty from 40 to 30s. sterling, the ton admeasurement. (4) Act 4th July, 1789; vol. ii. c. 2. Of the Fisheries of the United States. 337 In 1792,^'^ the allowance, in lieu of a drawback on salt, authorised by the act of the 20th of July, 1789, on the exportation of dried fish, ceased after the 10th day of June, 1792; and as an equivalent therefor, there was annually paid, on the 31st of December, by the collector of the district to which the vessel belonged, to the owners of the vessels employed in the bank or cod fisheries^ provided they were actually employed therein at sea for the term of four months, at least, of the fishing season next preceding, which was accounted to be from the last day of February to the last day of November of every year, a-ccording to the tonnage of the vessels, as follows; viz. If of twenty and not exceeding thirty tons,(«> one doUar and fifty cents for every ton. If above thirty tons, two dollars and fifty cents for every ton. Of this allowance three-eighths accrued to the owner, and five-eighths were divided among the several fishermen emi)loyed, in such proportions as the^ fish they respectively had taken bore to the whole quantity of fish taken on board the vessel during the fishing season. The allowance to any one vessel, for one season, could not exceed 170 doUara. Every fishing boat or vessel of more than five and less than twenty tons, had an annual allowance of one dollar per ton for every ton of her admeasurement, divided among all persons interested in the proceeds of the fares of the vessel ; provided, that the boat had been actually employed, in the cod fishing, at least four months, in the preceding fishing season, and should have landed, in the course of that season, not less than twelve quintals of fish for every ton of her admeasurement, the weight thereof to be ascertained after the fish were dried and cured fit for exportation. When the owner of the vessel or his agent, received the fish, caught as afore- said, for cure, and sold the same, the vessel was Hable, until six months after the sale, for the share of every fisherman. The monies that remained in the Treasury in consequence of the abolition of the allowance on the expoitation of the dried fish of the United States, and of the drawback on foreign dried and pickled fish, and other foreign salted pro- , visions, were appropriated to the payment of the allowance now authorised, and in case of their being inadequate, the deficiency was to be made up from any monies in the Treasury not otherwise appropiiated. (5) Act 16th February, 1792; vol. ii. c. 107. (6) To entitle thfe owners to the allowance, granted to vessels of twenty tons and upwards, the master thereof, before he proceeded on any fishing voyage, was required to make an agreement in writing or print, with every fisherman employed, therein to be specified, the time for which they had engaged, and that the fish or proceeds of the voyage should be divided among the fishermen in proportion to the quantities of fish they may, respectively, have caught. 338 Of the Fisheries of the United States. This act was to continue in force until the I6th of February, 1799. In the same yearf'^' an additional allowance of twenty per centum, to the allowances respectively granted to vessels employed in the bank or other cod fisheries, was authorised upon the terms above mentioned. The foregoing proceedings of our government, caused the fisheries to be extended; the regulations adopted, produced the most salutary effects. Every person, on board our fishing vessels, has an interest in common with liis asso- ciates ; their reward. depends upon their industry and enterprise. Much caution is observed in the selection of the crews of our fishing vessels ; it often happens that every individual is connected by blood, and the strongest ties Of friendship; our fishermen are remarkable for their sobriety and good conduct, and they rank Avith the most skilful navigators. In 1797^*) twelve cents per barrel were allowed on pickled fish exported; and an addition of 33 1 per centum to the allowances before granted to vessels employed in the bank or other cod fisheries, and upon the terms heretofore prescribed. In 1800,^^^ the provisions of the act of the I6th of February, 1792, were revived and continued in force for ten years. The additional allowances authorized in 1792 and 1797, were continued only as long as the correspondent duties on salt respectively, for which they were granted, were paid. Dming our late war, the fisheries were entirely suspended, even on our own coasts. Those who had been engaged in the whale fisheries sustained heavy losses, not only in consequence of having been driven fi-om the ocean, but also from the suspension of their pursuits on shore. Our eastern people ex- pended much, for the estabUshments in which they made spermaceti oil and candles ^that capital was unproductive ; and during the war the British cap- tured twenty-four of our whale ships.(*°> Immediately after the peace, the inhabitants of Massachusetts again turned their attention to the fisheries; in 1818, the vessels employed in the whale fishery, belonging to the districts of New-Bedford and Nantucket, consisted of 55 ships, 14 brigs and 3 sloops; making a total of 72 vessels, whose aggregate tonnage was 17,158 tons, navigated by 1,330 men. In 1806, the value of the produce of our fisheries was at the maximum, and amounted to 3,116,000 dollars; in 1814 it was only 188,000 dollars! (7) Act 2d May, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 128. sect. 6. (8) Act 8th July, 1797 ; vol. iii. ch. 15. sect. 2. (9) Act 12th April, 1800 ; vol, iii. ch. 176. (10) Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, p. 46. Of the Fisheries of the United States. 339 The Act of 12th April, 1800, concerning the fisheries of the United States, expired on the 3d of March, 1811. In 1813,^") an act for the government of persons in certain fisheries, was passed; the provisions whereof were similar to those enacted on the 16th of February, 1792, in relation to the master of the vessel and the fishermen employed. The same year,('2) a duty of twenty cents per bushel, was laid upon all foreign salt imported, and a bounty of twenty cents per barrel, was allowed on all pickled fish of the fisheries of the United States, exported to foreign countries, after the 3 1st of December, 1814. To obtain the bounty, it must amount, at least, to ten dollars upon each entry, and the fish must have been whoUy cured vnth foreign salt, on which a duty had been paid. After the 3 1st of December, 1814, there was annually paid to the owner of every vessel employed at sea, at least four months during the preceding fishing season, in the bank or other cod fisheries, if of twenty tons and not exceeding thirty tons, two dollars and forty cents for every ton of her admeasurement ; and if above thirty tons, four dollars for every ton aforesaid; to be paid and distri- buted in the manner prescribed in the act of the I6th of February, 1792. The allowance to any one vessel, for one season, must not exceed 272 dollars. To fishing boats or vessels, of more than five, and less than twenty tons, one dollar and sixty cents, was allowed annually, for every ton of admeasurement, upon the terms and conditions prescribed in 1792, for boats or vessels of this descrip- tion. These regulations were to be continued, until the termination of the war between the United States and Great Britain, and for one year thereafter; and they were again continued in force without Umitation, by the act of the 9th of February, 1816. After the 30th of September, 18 17,(^3) the bounties and allowances granted to the owners of vessels or boats engaged in the fisheries, were to be paid only on boats or vessels, the officers, and at least three-fourths of the crews of which, are proved to be citizens of the United States, or persons not the subjects of any foreign prince or state. Calculated on the average of the ten years, from 1803 to 1812 both inclusive, the tonnage annually employed in the cod fisheries, amounted to 48,577 tons; that in the whale fisheries, to 662 tons. On the average of the ten years aforesaid, the annual value of the produce of the fisheries, exported to foreign countries, amounted to 2,124,342 dollars; on the same average, there were annually ex- (11) Act 19th June, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 530. (12) Act 29th July, 1813 ; vol. iv. ch 563 (13) Act 3d March, 1817. 340 Of the Fisheries of the United States. ported 372,129 quintals of dried fish, 52,197 barrels, and 8,663 kegs of pickled fish. On the average of the ten years, from 1800 to 1809, both inclusive, the an- nual allowances to vessels, employed in the fisheries, amounted to 119,842 dollars ; the precise amount of the bounties, granted for the salted fish exported, cannot be ascertained, because the returns thereof are blended with those made for the salted provisions exported. The documents in the Treasury, do not specify the number of the seamen exclusively employed in our fisheries. In 1800, the seamen in the cod fisheries, amounted to 8,841 ; on the average of ten years, from 4 to 5,000 men had been annually employed,^'*) or there were more than seven men, for every ton of ship- ping; we have no returns of the seamen engaged in the whale fisheries. The nation has derived much pecuniary benefit from our fisheries. They fiu-- nish to our people a cheap and wholesome food, and our domestic consumption of fish is considerable ; a valuable class of our citizens obtains employment fi-om these occupations, not merely as fishermen, but as manufacturers on shore. Our fisheries constitute the best nursery for that hardy race of citizen seamen, who feel the love of country, and are therefore willing and able to maintain its rights; and they are also the sources, to which commerce must look for its defenders. (14) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, 29th January, 1803. Of the Fisheries of the United States. 341 A STdTEMEJTT Of the quantities of Pish exported from the United States; the amount of the bounties and allowances paid, and of the tonnage of the vessels employed in the Cod and Whale Fisheries, and the value of the Prodiice of the Sea exported. Tonnage Tonnage W Bounties Allowances to employ- ed in the employ- ed in the Value of the allowed on vessels em- Produce of YEARS. FISH EXPORTED. iish and pro- ployed in the Fisheries. Cod fish- Whale- the Sea ex- visions ex- ery. fisherv. ported. ported. (16) (17; (18) Quintals. Barrels. Kegs. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Tons. Tons. Dolls. 17-91 383,^37 57,424 29,682 _ 32,542 ^_ .^ iraa 364,898 , 48,277 — 44,772 — 32,062 — — 1793 372,825 45,440 — 16,731 72,965 38,177 — — 1794 436,907 36,929 — 13,767 93,768 23,121 — — 1795 400,818 55,999 — 14,854 66,280 30,933 3,162 — 1796 377,713 84,558 5,256 16,998 76,889 34,962 2,363 — 1797 406,016 69,782 7,351 12,398 80,475 40,628 1,103 — 1798 411,175 66,827 6,220 19,220 94,684 42,745 763 — 1799 428,495 63,542 15,993 20,769 128,605 29,978 592 ~— 1800 392,726 50,388 12,403 18,325 87,853 29,426 651 — 1801 ' 410,948 85,935 10,424 28,586 74,520 39,380 736 — 1802 440,925 75,819 13,229 29,700 104,447 41,520 580 — 1803 461,870 76,831 11,565 34,790 117,173 51,812 1,142 2,635,000 1804 567,828 89,482 13,045 46,922 145,986 52,013 323 3,433,423 1805 514,549 56,670 7,207 37,746 152,927 57,465 898 2,884,000 1806 , 537,457 64,615 10,155 37,133 162,191 59,182 728 3,116,000 1807 473,924 57,621 13,743 27,414 161,254 70,305 907 2,804,000 1808 155,808 18,957 3,036 17,214 142,911 51,997 724 832,000 1809 345,648 5^,777 9,380 2,423 47,166 34,485 573 1,710,000 1810 280,804 34,674 5,964 508 3,406 34,827 339 1,481,000 1811 214,387 44,716 9,393 784 -r- 43,232 54 1,413,000 1812 169,019 23,636 3,143 — 30,458 941 ^35,000 1813 63,616 13,833 568 — — 19,877 788 304,000 1814 31,310 8,436 87 — — 17,855 561 188.000 1815 102,824 36,141 3,062 — 1,811 74 36,937 1,229 912,000 1816 217,892 37,979 6,983 586 80 84,736 26 68,125 1,168 1,331,000 (15) This column includes the payments made for bounties, on the exportation of fish and salted provisions. (16) Including the enrolled tonnage and licensed vessels under 20 tons. (17) Prior to 1795, the Treasury did not separate the tonnage employed in the Cod from that employed in the Whale fisheries; the tonnage in this column is the " enrolled" tonnage. (18) Including dried salt fish, pickled fish, whale oil and bone, spermaceti oil and spermaceti candles; 3 Z CHAPTER V. OF THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE UNITED STATES- Congress has power to " dispose of and make all needM rules and regula- tions respecting the territory, or other property belonging to the United States.'HD In 1810, pursuant to a joint resolution of Congress, all the laws, resolutions of Congress, treaties and proclamations that had operation and respect to the public lands, were arranged and collected in one volume. The introduction to this collection contains a concise account of all that related to the pubhc lands, from the formation of the present government, to the 1st of May, 1810. That work was executed under the superintendence of the Secretary of the Treasury. The introduction is here inserted at length ; we have added to it such notes and explanations as circumstances have made necessary. The title of the United States to the public lands, rests upon, 1st, Treaties with foreign nations, as far as they relate to the acquisition of territoiy, or to the boundaries of the United States. 2dly, Cessions of territory to the United States, by individual states, members of the Union.^^^ And 3dly, Treaties with Indian tribes,^^) as far as they relate to the extinguishment of the Indian title to the public lands. The treaties with foreign nations, by which territory has been acquu'ed, or which relate to boundaries, are those of 1783 and 1794, with Great Britain; of 1795, with Spain; and of 1803, with France. (1) Constitution of the United States, Art. IV. sect. iii. cl. 2. (2) The Acts of Cession, on the part of the several states, were dated as follows, viz: by New-York, Isf March, 1781 ; Virginia, Ist March, 1784; Massachusetts, 19th of Apiil, 1785; Connecticut, 13th September, 1786; South Carolina, 9th of August, 1787; North Carolina, 25th February, 1790; and Georgia, 24th April, 1802. See Bioren and Duane's edition of the Laws of the United States, vol. i. p. 467, et seq. (3) The treaty, between the United States and tlie Six Nations, concluded on the 27th of October, 1784, was the first that was made with an Indian tiibe ; since that time, many treaties have been concluded with the Indians. 2 Of the Public Lands of the United States. 343 The treaty of peace (of 1783) with Great Britain, which designated the boun- daries of the United States, left some points unsettled. The question relative to the true river St. Croix, the eastern boundary of the United States, has been de- termined in pursuance of the treaty of 1794. That respecting the rights of the two nations over certain islands at or near the mouth of that river, has not yet been adjusted. But as the disputed territory in both cases belongs to the state of Massachusetts, neither of those questions affects the public lands of the United States.(*^ The same observation applies to certain islands in the river St. Law- rence, which continue to be claimed by Great Britain, and which are presumed to belong to the state of New- York. The claims of the two nations, to some other islands in the lakes and rivers west of that state, have not yet been adjusted.^^) But the principal undecided question arising from that treaty, relates to that part of the boundary therein described, as a line drawn due west, from the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods, to the river Mississippi. It is ascertained, that a line drawn in that manner, cannot intersect that river, which does not extend as far northward as the latitude of the north-western extremity of the Lake of the Woods. And nothing more was agreed on in that respect by the treaty of 1794, than a mutual engagement to make a survey of the country, and to regidate by negotiation the boundary line, according to justice, mutual convenience, and the intent of the treaty of 1783.^^) The southern boundary of the United States, was, by the same treaty, fixed at the 3 1st degree of north latitude. But Great Britain, having by her treaty of the same date with Spain, ceded to that power West Florida, which, imder the British government, extended as far noi'th as the Yasous river ; Spain, then in possession of the country between that river and the 31st degree of north latitude refused at first to dehver it. Yet the title of the United States was indisputable • for their provisional treaty with Great Britain, a pubUc instrument signed on the 30th of November, 1802, and which was to take effect as soon as peace should be made between Great Britain and France, had already established the 3 1st degree of latitude as the southern boundary of the said states. Spain, therefore, (4) The commissioners appointed under the 4th article of the treaty concluded at Ghent, on the 24th of December, 1814, have decided, that Moose, Dudley and Frederic islands in the bay of Passamaquaddy, belong to the United States, and that all the other islands in the bay of Passamaquaddy, and the island of Grand Menou in the bay of Fundy, belong to his Britannic majesty. Message of the President, February 5th, 1818. •' (5) The treaty concluded at Ghent, referred this subject to commissioners, to be appointed by the two governments. The commissioners have been appointed, and they are now, (June, 1818,) continuing their labours on this subject. (6) The treaty of Ghent contains no provision for the fixing of this line. 844 Of the Public Lands of the United States. when receiving Florida from Great Britain, a cession which cannot bear an earlier date than the 20th January, 1783, the day on which the preliminary articles of her treaty of peace were signed, accepted that province with the boundary thus previously established ; the territory lying north of the 31st degree, which might, prior to the 30th November, 1802, have made part of West Florida, having on that day, with the knowledge of Spain, been ceded by Great Britain to the United States. Spain did accordingly acquiesce, after a delay of some years. She made no cession of territory by the treaty of 1795, which simply, and without reserve or exception, recognises the same boundaries which had been fixed by the treaty of 1783, between the United States and Great Britain. The United States, by the treaty of 1803 with France, acquired Louisiana, without any direct definition of its boundaries, but as fully, and in the same manner as it had been acquired by France from Spain, in virtue of the treaty of St. Ildefonso, of the 1st October, 1800. By this treaty, Spain had retroceded Louisiana to France, " with the same extent that it then had in the hands of Spain, and that it had when France possessed it, and such as it should be after the treaties subsequently entered into between Spain and other states." By the grant of Louis XIV. to Crozat, dated I4th September, 1712, all the countiy drained by the waters emptying directly or indirectly into the Missis- sippi, is included within the boundaries of Louisiana. The discovery of that river by the French, the general principles adopted by the European nations in rela- tion to the rights of discovery, the publicity of the grant, and the long acquies- cence of Spain, establish the claim of the United States to that extent. But the western boundary on the sea shore, and south of the waters emptying into the Red river, is stiU a subject of controversy between the two nations ; the territoiy called by Spain " Province of Texas," being claimed by both. The claim of France, now transferred to the United States, extended at least as far west as the bay of St. Bernard, in virtue of the settlement made there by La Salle, in 1685, in the vicinity of the river Gaudaloupe, at a time when Spain occupied no part of the territory east of the Rio Norte. That settlement was destroyed, and not- withstanding the repeated orders of the French government, was not resumed by the local authorities. In the mean while (in 1717) the Spaniards sent some priests among the Indians, and shortly after established a smaU military post at Adayes, afterwards transferred to Nagodoches, on which rests their claim to the country east of La Salle's settlement. By an arrangement made in 1806 by the commanding officers in that quarter, it was agreed that for the present the Spa- niards should not cross the Sabine, and the Americans should not extend their i)f the Public Lands of the United States. 345 settlements as far as that river. And in order to prevent any collisions, until the difference should be finally adjusted, instructions have been given that the public lands should not be surveyed west of a meridian passing by Natchitoches. East of the Mississippi, the United States claim by virtue of the Treaty of 1803, aU the territory south of the 3 1st degree of north latitude, and extending eastwardly to the small river Perdido, which lies between Mobile and Pensacola, and was, when Louisiana formerly belonged to France, the boundary between that colony and the Spanish province of Florida. That territory, together with the residue of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, was by the treaty of i 763, ceded by France to Great Britain, who by the same treaty acquired also Spanish Flo- rida. The preliminary articles of that treaty were signed on the 3d of Novem- ber, 1762; and on the same day France by a separate act^'') ceded to Spain aU the residue of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, and including the city and island (so called) of New-Orleans. By the Treaties of 1783, Great Britain ceded to the United States, all that part of the former colony of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, which lay north of the 31st degree of north latitude ; and to Spain under the name of West and East Florida, both that part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi, which lay south of that parallel of latitude, and the old Spanish province of Florida. The 31st degree of latitude was, by the subsequent treaty of 1795, between the United States and Spain, confirmed as the boundary be- tween the possessions of the two nations. The title of the United States to the territory in question under the treaties of St. Ildefonso, and of 1803, is fully established by those facts. Louisiana was retroceded to France " with the same extent that it then had in the hands of Spain;" and the territory in question, by whatever name Spain chose to call it, was then substantially in her hands. Louisiana was retroceded « with the same extent that it had when France possessed it;" and not only was that territory part of Louisiana when France possessed it, but she never owned that province a single day without that territory as part of it. For as has been stated, she ceded on the same day the eastern part of Louisiana to England, and the western part to Spain. Louisiana was retroceded " such as it should be after the treaties subsequently entered into between Spain and other states ;" and Spain never had, smce she acquired Louisiana in 1762, made any treaties relative to Louisiana but that of 1783 with Great Britain, and that of 1795 with the United States; she had en- (7) This act or treaty of cession has never been made public, but its date is ascertained by the letter of the King of France to" Labbadie, dated Versailles, 21st April, 1764. 346 Of the Public Lands of the United States. tered into no treaty whatever which affected Louisiana west of the Mississippi. This member of the description can therefore only apply to the territory in question east of the Mississippi, and there it has full effect ; the territory having been acquired by Spain, by her treaty of 1783 with Great Britain, and its boun- daries having been finally established by her treaty of 1795 with the United States, " Louisiana such as it shoidd be," ^-c. can only mean, including east Loui- siana as restored by the treaty of 1783, but extending no further north than the southern boundary of the United States as recognized by the treaty of 1795. The spu'it af the treaty equally supports the construction necessarily derived from its letter. Spain retrocedes to France the colony which France had ceded in 1762, and she must therefore yield all in her possession which France had formerly given up. The cession by France of \Yest Louisiana to Spain was to compensate for the loss of Florida. The cession of East Louisiana to England was to make, together with Florida, an equivalent for Cuba, which on that condition was re* stored to Spain. France ceded the whole for the benefit of Spain. And Spain having recovered Florida by the treaty of 1783, having herself ultimately lost nothing, it is a natural consequence that France, in obtaining a retrocession, should take back aU she had lost for the sake of Spain. It is hardly necessary to add, that no private explanation between those two nations, made subsequent to the treaty of St. Ildefonso, can affect the right of the United States derived from a public treaty; such supposed explanation not having been communicated to them by France when the treaty of 1803 was concluded, nor even aftenvards by Spain, when she acquiesced in the acquisition of Louisiana by America.^*^ All the Acts of Congress which relate to Louisiana, and amongst others, those respecting the public lands, have been so expressed as to become immediately applicable to that territory, whenever possession should be obtained by the Pre- sident according to the powers vested in him by law to that effect. All the vacant lands in Louisiana have, by the acquisition of that country, be- come the property of the United States. But those east of the Mississippi and contained mthin the boundaries designated by the treaty of peace with Great Britain, (1783), were claimed by individual states; and the title of the United States is in that respect, principally, if not altogether, derived from cessions made by those states. These cessions embrace three distinct tracts of country. (8) That act of acquiescence is contained in the letter of M. Cevallos to Mr. Pinkney, 10th February, 1804. These remarks have been introduced for the purpose of repelling certain large claims to land in that ter- ritory, said to be derived from grants made by the Spanish officers subsequent to the cession of Louisiana to the United States. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 347 1. The whole temtory north of the river Ohio, and west of the state of Penn- sylvania, extending northwai'dly to the northern boundaiy of the United States, and westwardly to the Mississippi, was claimed by Virginia; and that state was m possession of the French settlements of Vincennes and Illinois, which she had occupied and defended during the revolutionaiy war. The states of Massachu- setts and Connecticut claimed all that part wMch was within the breadth of then- respective charters ; and the state of New- York had also an indeterminate claim to the country. The United States have obtained cessions from the four states, and thus acquired an indisputable title to the whole. The state of Vu-ginia, amongst other conditions of her act of cession, made provision for securing the old French settlers in their possessions, and reserved two tracts of land, one of 150,000 acres near the rapids of Ohio, for that portion of her state troops which had reduced the country, and the other between the rivers Scioto and Little Miami, containing about 3,500,000 acres, to satisfy the bounties in land which she had promised to her troops on the continental establishment. The state of Con- necticut reserved a tract on lake Erie, bounded on the south by the 4 1st degree of north latitude, and extending westwardly one hundred and twenty miles from the western boundary of the state of Peimsylvania. The cessions of Massachu- setts and New-York included an insulated tract commonly called " the Triangle," lying on lake Erie, west of the state of New- York, and north of that of Pennsyl- vania; and which has since been sold by the United States to Pennsylvania. ^®) 2. North Carolina has ceded to the United States all her vacant lands be- yond the Alleghany chain of mountains, vnthin the breadth of her charter; that is to say, between the 35th and 36th degi'ees 30 minutes of north latitude; the last parallel being the southern boundary of the states of Virginia and Ken- tucky. That territory which now forms the state of Tennessee was, however, subject to a great variety of claims, described in the act of cession. And Con- gress has, by the Act of April 18th, 1806, ceded to the last mentioned state, the claim of the United States to all the lands east of a line described in the act ; leaving the lands west of that line stiU liable to satisfy such of the claims secured by the cession from North Carolina as cannot be located in the eastern division. 3. South Carolina and Georgia were the only states wMch had any claim to the lands lying south of the 35th degree of north latitude. By the cessions from these two states, the United States have acquired the title of both to the tract of country now forming the Mississippi territory,^^") extending from the Slsttothe (9) Act 3d January, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 105. (10) Since the above was published, the territory has been divided, and now constitvites the state of Mississippi and the Alabama territory; act 3d March, 1803; c. 340', vol.iii. 34» Of the Public Lands of the United States. 35th degree of latitude; and bounded on the west by the river Mississippi, and on the east by the river Chatahoochee, and by a Une drawn from a place on that river, near the mouth of Wehee creek, to Nickajack on the river Ten- nessee. As a condition of the cession from Georgia, the Indian title to the lands within her present boundaries will be extinguished at the expense of the United States; and she is also entitled to receive 1,250,000 dollars out of the proceeds of the first sates of lands in the ceded territory. Cessions having thus been obtained fi-om all the states claiming any part of the " public lands," it is now immaterial, so far as relates to those states, to ex- amine the foundation of their respective titles. But although the state of Geor- gia has no longer any immediate interest in the question, certain large claims pretended to be derived firom that state, and known by the name of "Yazoo claims," render it important for the United States to prove that a considerable portion of the territory thus claimed was not within the boundaries of Georgia, nor of any other state, at the date of the treaty of peace with Great Britain, and became therefore immediately vested in the United States by virtue of that treaty.^") (11) The " Yazoo claims" have been provided for, by an act entitled, " An act providing for tte indem- nification of certain claimants of public lands in the Mississippi territory," passed on the 31st of March, 1814; vol. iv. c. 627. In virtue of the act aforesaid, certificates of stock were directed to be issued from the Treasury of the United States, as soon as nine-tenths of the claimants should have deposited sufficient releases of their claims in the office of the Secretary of State. The stock issued not to bear an interest ; and the total amount thereof was not to exceed five millions of dollars, to be apportioned to the respective claimants, in such amounts as should be determined by the commissioners, who were to be appointed to examine the several claims respectively. The stock thus created was to be payable out of the first monies in the Treasury of the United States, arising from the sale of public lands in the Mississippi territory, after the debt due to the state of Georgia by the United States, and the expenses of surveying the lands, should be satisfied. All claimants who should refuse to enter into the compromise aforesaid, were barred for ever from any claim against the United States. The number of claimants required by the act above recited, did deposite releases in the manner above mentioned. Certificates of stock were accordingly issued from the Treasury, which, in 1816, amounted to 4,098,615 dollars 29 cents. See Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 16th December, 1816. In 1817, the following statement, in relation to the Mississippi stock certificates, subject to a correction on a comparison with the commissioners of the Yazoo claims, was laid before Congress; viz. Dolls. Cts. Amount of awards to the Mississippi Company , 350,000 00 Do to the Tennessee Company 531,428 05 Do to the Georgia Mississippi Company 1,409,054 96 Do to the Georgia Company 1,887,029 75 Do to the persons claiming under citizens' riglits 100,922 15 4,278,434 91 imount of Certificates issued from the Treasury 4,349,114 02 •29,320 89 * Excepting a claim of the state of Georgia for about 1 00,000 dollars, as stated by the Secretary of the late Board of Commissioners, of the amount aforesaiil, (4,278,434 dollars 91 cents) awarded by the Commisioners, 431,120 dollars have been received into the Treasury, leaving 3,747,314 dollars outstanding, which it was supposed would be received into the Treasury, in the course of the years 1818 and 1819, in payment for lands; ur that it would be discharged with monies received for lands sold in the state of Mississippi and the Mabama territoi-y. See Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 5th December, 1817. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 349 Treaties have been made with several of the Indian tribes respecting the ex- tinguishment of their title to the public lands of the United States. Those tribes are in some respects considered as independent communities. They govern themselves, without being subject to the laws of the United States; and the right to remain in the possession of the lands they occupy, and to sell them only when they please, is recognised. On the other hand, the United States have the exclusive right of pre-emption ; and all sales to foreign nations or to individuals, whether citizens or foreigners, are null by law; a provision as necessary for the protection of the Indians as for that of the public domain. This principle is generally acknowledged by themselves, and recognised in seve- ral of their treaties. Nor can it be disputed, that even if then- own right to seU w^as entire, tlie United States have that to forbid any one to purchase. The sales to the United States are, however, altogether voluntary, and never made without a compensation more valuable to the Indians than the use of the land which they cede. Nor has in any instance the general government attempted to dispose of lands prior to their being purchased from the natives. For although it will appear, that a portion of the lands ceded by them in 1795, by the Greenville treaty, had been previously sold by Congi-ess to the Ohio Company, and to J. C. Symmes, that treaty was only a confirmation of others made in 1784, and subsequent years, which had been violated by the Indians. In several instances the same land wiU be found to have been purchased from different tribes ; the purchase not being considered complete until all their con- flictmg claims have been acquired. The Indian title to the following tracts of country has thus by successive treaties been completely extinguished. 1. All the lands in the state of Ohio, and in the Indiana and Illinois territo- ries, bordering on the river Ohio ; extending from the western boundary of Pennsylvania to the mouth of that river, and thence up the river Mississippi to the river lUinois. The depth of that tract, is not, on an average, less than one hundred and twenty miles; and it is estimated to contain, exclusive of the Virginia military reservation, more than 32,000,000 acres; of which more than 24,000,000 remain at the disposal of the United States. 2. A tract extending along the Mississippi from the Illinois to the river Ouisconsing, and supposed to contain near 20,000,000 acres. 3. A tract in the Michigan territory, bordering on lakes Huron, St. Clafr, and Erie, estimated to contain about 4,000,000 acres. It is separated from the " Connecticut reserve," and from the other public lands of the United States, by 4 A 850 Gfthe Public Lands of the United State»^ a tract still held by the Indians, extending along lake Erie, from the river Mi- ami of the lakes to Sandusky Bay. 4. A small triangular traet, of 322,000 acres, in the northern part of the Mis- sissippi territory, and in what is called the Great Bend of Tennessee ; extend- ing from a point on that river northvrardly, to the southern boundary of the state of Tennessee. 5. The lands in the Mississippi territory, bordering on the river Mississippi, from the mouth of the river Yasous to the 3 1st degree of latitude, thence extending along that parallel of latitude to the river Mobile, and thence about sixty miles up the branch of that river called " Tombigby." This tract leaving an inconsi- derable breadth on the Mississippi, is nat estimated to contain more than 6,000,000 ©f acres, A large traet of country in Upper Louisiana^'^) appears also to have been cedr' ed by the Sacs and Foxes, and by the Osages. No other treaties have been made by the United States with the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi. It is how- ever believed, that the Indian title is extinguished to all the lands bordering on the west bank of that river as high up at least as the Missouri, but on what depth is not understood. A considerable part of the country which now constitutes the public lands of the United States, had been successively subject to several foreign powers ; the territories of Michigan, Indiana and Illinois to France, and then to England ; the southern part of the Mississippi territory first to France, afterwards to England^ and finally to Spain ; Louisiana to France and then to Spain. A part of the land was claimed by the inhabitants and others, either by right of occupancy or under titles said to be derived from those several governments, or from the local authorities. Eight boards of commissioners were instituted by various acts of Congress, for the purpose of investigating those claims, one for each of the ter- ritories following, viz: Michigan, Indiana, Illinois and Louisiana, and two for the Mississippi, and two for the Orleans territory.^^^) The rules prescribed by law to the commissioners have varied according to the nature of the claims respectively coming before them. But the obgect appears uniformly to have been to guard against unfounded or fraudulent claims, to confirm all bona fide claims derived (12) Upper Louisiana was formerly a separate territory, but is now comprehended in the Missouri tei'- ritory. See Act 4th June, 1812; vol. iv. c. 418. (13) The Orleans territory is now comprehended in the state of Louisiana. See Act 8th April, 1812; vol. iv. eh. 373. Of the Public Lands of the United States. tiSi from a legitimate authority, evea when the title had not been completed, and to 9ecm*e in their possessions all the actual settlers who were found on the land when the United States took actual possession of the country where it was situ- ated, thou^ they had only a right of occupancy. In some cases also, a right of pre-emption has been granted to persons who had occupied lands in the Missis- gappi territory subsequent to the time when the United States had taken posses- sion. The commissioners in that territory were authorised to decide finally on the claims ; they have completed their work, and the boards are dissolved. ("^^5 The commissioners for the territories of Michigan, Indiana and Illinois, were only authorised to investigate the claims, and to report their opinion to Congress. Their respective reports have been received, all their confirmations have been ratified by Congress, and the whole business has been completed in Michigan and Indiana. But it remains for Congress to decide on a great number of claims in the Illinois territory, rejected as fraudulent by the commissioners. In the ter- ritories of Orleans and Louisiana, the commissioners have been authorised to decide finally on all claims not exceeding one league square, and to report their opinion to Congress on those of a greater extent, or for lead mines. Their re- ports have not yet been made ; but those for Louisiana and the eastern part of the O'rleaifts territory are expected within a short time. The acts of Congress included under the head of " Donations," are those respecting the bounties in land given to the oflficei-s and soldiers of the revolutionary war, the grants made to the refugees from Canada and Nova Scotia in compensation of then* losses and services, certain donations for public purposes in the state of Ohio, and miscellaneous grants made by Congress, to the United Brethren, to A. H. Dohrman, to the French inhabitants of Galliopolis, to general la Fayette, to captains Lewis and Clarke, to Isaac Zane, and to some Indian tribes now resid- ing within the boundaries of the lands to which the Indian title has been extin- guished. These, together with the donations to actual settlers above mentioned, with another donation of 100,000 acres to settlers in the tract sold to the " Ohio Company," and vnth the reservations for schools and seminaries of learning hereafter noted, include all the lands given by the United States. Three tracts of land had been sold by contract prior to the adoption of the present form of government, that is to say : i. To the state of Pennsylvania, the triangular tract on lake Erie above mentioned, containing 202,187 acres, 2. To an association called " the Ohio Company," a tract on the rivers Ohio and Mus- (14) The board of commissioners of Detroit, was again revived by Act of 3d March, 181 T. .^52 Of the Public Lands of the United States. kingum, originally intended to contain about 2,000,000 acres, but afterwards reduced at the request of the parties to 964,285 acres. 3. To John Cleves Symmes and his associates, a tract on the Ohio between the rivers Little and Great Miami, originally supposed to contain 1,000,000 acres, but which by an alteration, and then a failure in the contract, has been reduced to 248,540 acres. All those lands were sold at the rate of two-thirds of a dollar an acre, payable in evidences of the public debt of the United States,^") and a part of the two last tracts was paid for in military land warrants, each acre in such warrant being received in payment for one acre and an half of land. A right of pre-emp- tion, at the rate of two dollars an acre, has been allowed to persons who had made purchases from J. C. Symmes within the boundaries of his first contract. The laws authorising the sales above mentioned, and those authorising the sale of lots at Cincinnati and Shawnee Town, those allowing a right of pre-emption of 640 acres to George Ash, and of 320 acres to William Wells, and that for the sale of 2,560 acres to John James Dufour, are for " special sales." All the other public lands sold by the United States have been sold under ge- neral laws. No more than 121,540 acres had thus been sold prior to the act of 10th May, 1800, viz: 72,974 acres at public sale at New- York, in the year 1787, for 87,325 dollars, in evidences of the public debt; 43,446 acres at public sale at Pittsbm-gh, in the year 1796, for 100,427 dollars; and 5,120 acres at Phila- delphia, in the same year, at two dollars an acre. The system now in force was organised by the act last mentioned, but has received some subsequent modifica- tions. Its general outlines, as it now stands, are as followeth:^**^ 1. All the lands are surveyed before they are offered for sale; being actually divided into townships six miles square, and these subdivided into thirty-six sections, one mile square, and containing each 640 acres. All the dividing lines running according to the cardinal points, cut one another at right angles; ex- (15) By the act of the 4th of August, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 61; the proceeds arising from the sales of the public lands in the Western territory, were appropriated towards discharging the public debts of the United States, and they were to be applied solely to that use, until the said debts should be fully satisfied. The act of 3d March, 1795, vol. ii. chap. 286. appropriated the net proceeds, from the sales of lands be- longing or which should belong to the United States in the Western Territory, to the " sinking fund." By the act of 3d of March, 1803, vol. iii. chap. 334. the proceeds from the sales of the public lands, in the Mississippi Territory, were to be first applied to the payment of a sum of money to the state of Geor- gia. See also act of 31st March, 1814, vol. iv. chap. 627. The act of 3d of March, 1797, vol. ii. chap. 362. authorised the evidences of the public debt to be re- ceived in payment for public lands sold in the Western Territory. This provision was repealed, by the act of 18th April, 1806, vol. iv. chap. 50. saving the right of purchases made prior to the 30th of April, 1806. The act of 3d March, 1803, vol. iii. ch. 340. declared, that the evidences of the public debt should not be received in payment for lands sold in the Mississippi Territory. (16) See Act 18th May, 1796, vol. ii. ch. 333 ; and Act 10th May, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 209. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 353 cept where fractional sections are formed by the navigable rivers, or by an In- dian boundary line. The subdividing lines of quarter sections are not actually surveyed, but the corners, boundaries and contents of these are designated and ascertained by fixed rules prescribed by law^. This branch of the business is conducted under the superintendence of two principal surveyors, who appoint their own deputies. The powers and duties of the first, who is called Surveyor General, extend over all the public lands north of the river Ohio, and over the territory of Louisiana. The other, known by the name of Surveyor of the Public Lands south of the state of Tennessee, superintends the surveys in the Missis- sippi and Orleans territories. Both make returns of the surveys to the proper land offices and to the Treasury.^''') 2. The following tracts are excepted from the sales, viz: 1. One thirty-sixth part of the lands, or a section of 640 acres in each township, is uniformly re- served and given in perpetuity for the support of schools in the township. 2. Seven entire townships, containing each 23,040 acres, viz. two in the state of Ohio, and one in each of the territories of Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missis- sippi and Orleans, have been also reserved and given in perpetuity for the support of seminaries of learning. 3. All salt springs and lead mines are also reserved, but may be leased by the President of the United States. Three other sections were formerly resei-ved in each township for the future disposition of Congress; but this reservation has, since the act of 26th March, 1804, been discontinued. One section was also reserved in each township within the boun- daries of the tracts respectively sold to the " Ohio Company," and to John Cleves Symmes, and was given in perpetuity for religious purposes ;. but this reservation has not been extended to any other part of the public lands. i;he Mississippi, .th^ Ohio, and all the navigable rivers and waters leading into either, or into the river St. Lawrence, remain common highways, and for- ever free to all the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost or duty therefore. 3. All the other pubUc lands, not thus excepted, are, after the rightfid private claims have been ascertained and confirmed, offered for sale at public sale, in quarter sections of 160 acres each, but cannot be sold for less than two dollars an acre. The lands not purchased at public sale, may at any time after, be purchased in quarter sections at private sale, and at the rate of two dollars an acre, and without paying any fees whatever. The purchase money, whether the land be (17) A Surveyor of the Public Lands has been appointed for the Illinois and Missouri territories, (Act S9th April, 1816,) and also for the northern part of the Mississippi territory, (Act of 3d March, 1817). 4 B 354 Of the Public Lands of the United States. bought at public or at private sale, is payable in four equal instalments, the first within forty days, and the three others within two years, three years, and four years after the date of the purchase. No interest is charged if the payments be punctually made ; but it must be paid from the date of the purchase, at the rate of six per cent, a year, on each instalment not paid on the day on which it is due. A discount at the rate of eight per cent, a year, is allowed for prompt pay- ment; which, if the whole purchase money be paid at the time of purchasing the land, reduces its pi-ice to one dollar and sixty-four cents per acre. Tracts not completely paid for within five years after the date of purchase, are offered for sale at public sale, for a price not less than the arrears of principal and interest due thereon ; if the land cannot be sold for that sum, it reverts to the United States, and the partial payments made therefor are forfeited; if it sells for more, the surplus is returned to the original purchaser.^^^^ 4. All the lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, are, for the convenience of purchasers, divided into districts, in each of which a land office is established. Ten of these districts are in fuU operation, viz : those of Steuben- ville. Canton, Zanesville, Marietta, Chilicothe and Cincinnati, in the state of Ohio ; those of Vincennes and JefFersonville in the Indiana territory; and those of Nashville (for Madison county in the great bend of the river Tennessee,) and Washington, (near Natchez) in the Mississippi territory. The sales have not yet commenced, the sui-veys not being yet completed, or the private claims not being yet decided upon, in the four districts, of Detroit in the Michigan, of Kas- kaskia in the Illinois, of Mobile in the Mississippi, and of Opelousas in the Orleans territory. None have yet been authorised in the territory of Louisiana, and in the eastern part of the territory of Orleans. Each land office is under the direc- tion of two officers: a register, who receives the applications and sells the land; and a receiver of public monies, who receives the purchase money, unless the purchaser prefers paying it into the Treasury. Those two offices operate as a check one on the other. Transcripts of the sales and of the payments, together with the original receipts and assignments, are transmitted to the Treasury ; and no patent issues till after the calculations have been examined and it has been ascertained that the party has paid the whole purchase money and interest. The system, as it relates to the accountability of the receivers, is better checked than that of any other branch of the public revenue, but the various and contingent provisions respecting the credits, interest, discount, forfeitures and other condi- (18) Acts of Congress have been passed, to extend the time allowed to certain purchasers for the pay- ment of their lands. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 355 tions of sale, renders it rather complex, and for that reason liable to delays in the final settlement of the accounts of the receivers. The total quantity of land, sold under that system at the several land offices, from 1st July, 1800, to 1st July, 1810, and including pre-emption rights in Symmes' purchase, and the Mississippi territory, amounts to 3,386,000 acres, which have produced 7,062,000 dollars; of this sum, 4,888,000 dollars have been paid in specie, or evidences of public debt, into the Treasury, or into the hands of the receivers of public monies : the balance is due by the purchasers. Intrusions on the public lands are forbidden, under various penalties, by acts of Congress, whether the lands still continue in the possession of the Indians, or have been purchased from them. Intrusions subsequent to the 3d of March, 1807, work a forfeiture of title or claim, if the intruder had any such, not previousl} recognised and confirmed by the United States ; and the President is authorised to remove such intruders, and to employ, if necessary, military force for that purpose. Certain extensive claims, which have been either already rejected, or require a critical investigation, have been made. The most important claims which have come within the knowledge of the Treasury, will now be briefly stated. 1. Illinois and Wabash Companies. This is a claim for several millions of acres on those rivers, derived solely from Indian purchases made in 1773 and 1775 by unauthorised individuals. Exclusively of other considerations, such pur- chases were expressly forbidden by the proclamation of 1763, of the king of England. Yet it has been lately reported that the claimants intended to institute suits for the land. 2. Some large grants by Colonel Wilkins, a former English commanding officer at lUinois. These were also forbidden by the proclamation of 1763, and are recognised by the grantor as null, unless confirmed by his government. 3. A great number of claims in the Illinois territory, reported by the commis- sioners as fraudulent, and subject to the ultimate decision of Congress. 4. An unlocated township, included in Symmes' patent, and granted for the support of a seminary of learning, has never been applied to that purpose. Con- gress has given another township in lieu thereof, and directed that legal steps should be taken to recover the first. 5. The Yazoo claims, so called, embracing about 35,000,000 acres in the Mississippi territory, and derived from a pretended sale by the Legislature of Georgia, but declared nuU, as fraudulent, by a subsequent legislature. The evi- dence, as pubUshed by the state of Georgia and by Congress, shows that that 356 Of the Public Lands of the United States: transaction, even if considered as a contract, is, as such, on acknowledged prin- ciples of law and equity, null ah initio; it being in proof that all the members of the Legislature who voted in favour of the sale, that is to say, the agents who pretended to sell the property of their constituents, were, with the exception of a single person, interested in, and parties to the purchase. Much litigation must however be expected ; and orders have lately been given for the removal of certain intruders, some of whom claimed the land under this supposed title.^^^) 6. British grants in the Mississippi territory, derived from the governor of West Florida. These have not been confirmed, unless the claimant had made an actual settlement ; but the lands thus claimed have, by law, been, for the pre- sent, excepted from the sales. 7. Doublehead's Reserve, so called, is a small tract on the river Tennessee, excepted by a treaty with the Cherokees from a cession of territory made by them. It remains Indian property, and is also claimed by the Chickasaws. The Cherokees, for whose use it was excepted from the general cession, seemed to have supposed that they had thereby acquired the right of selling or leasing it to the citizens of the United States, who now claim it, and whose removal as intruders on Indian lands, has been ordered by the President. 8. Bastrop's claim on the river Washita in the territory of Orleans. This is only a contract between the Spanish governor of Louisiana and Baron Bastrop, by which a tract twelve leagues square was promised to him, on condition of his settling thereon five hundred families, to each of which four hundred arpens of the land was to be allotted gratis. The execution of the contract was sus- pended by the Spanish government ; and if it be stiU binding on the United States, it is only the residue of the land, after the families of settlers shall have been first provided for, which can possibly be claimed. Yet the whole tract is claimed as a fee simple estate held under a complete title. 9. Maison-rouge's claim, also on the river Washita, is of the same nature with the preceding. But the contract was approved by the king of Spain, and a cer- tificate was, subsequent to the cession to the United States, obtained fi'om the Spanish officers, stating that the conditions had been fulfilled by the claimant. There is no patent in either case ; and the assent of the king, which, from its being obtained to the contract with Maison-rouge, seems to have been requisite in large grants, has not been produced for the contract with Bastrop. It may be generally observed, that the archives and documents relative to Louisiana not (19) The Yazoo claims, as we have already noticed, were put at rest by proceedings under the act passed Slst March, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 627. See ante p. 348. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 357 having been left, in conformity with the treaty, in the possession of the United States, the extent of the powers of the governors or intendants to grant land, beyond the usual concessions to settlers, is not understood ; and the difficulty of deciding on the validity of many claims has been greatly increased. lO.- Houma's claim on the island of New-Orleans. This is originally founded on a title to a tract about a league in length, on the left bank of the Mississippi, on a depth of about half a league. The owner having no timber, asked and obtained, from the Spanish governor of Louisiana, a back concession as far as the vacant lands extended. The obvious intention of the grant was, that it should preserve a breadth equal to that of the tract on the river. But the upper and lower lines of this happening, on account of a bend in the river, not to be parallel, but to diverge, making an angle of 120 degrees, the owners now claim aU the land contained between those lines, protracted on one hand to Manshak at the mouth of the Iberville, and on the other to the lower extremity of lake Maurepas; which would include about 120,000 acres of the most valuable va- cant land on the island. 11. A permission was granted by a Spanish governor to the inhabitants of Opelousas, in the territory of Orleans, to cut wood wherever they pleased in the vacant cypress forest ; reserving, however, the fee of the soil to the crown. This grant, from its nature, would seem to be revocable at will, and if conti- nued unrestricted, will prove equally injurious to the public domain, and, ulti- mately, to the settlement itself 12. Lead mines near Genevieve and other settlements in Louisiana. Two ex- tensive claims, of a doubtful nature, are laid ta some of these. The first derived from PhiMp Renaut, to whom a grant had been made in 1723, by the local authorities, and who returned to France in 1744; from which time his claim had lain dormant tiU the year 1807. The power of the officers who made the grant is doubted; and if the charter of the French Western or Mississippi Company was similar to that of Crozat, mines, on being abandoned three years, reverted to the crown. The other rests on an application of St. Vrain Lassus, to the go- vernor of Louisiana, for 10,000 acres, to be located on lead mines, salt springs, ^c. where, and in as many tracts as the applicant might choose. The governor, in February, 1796, writes at the bottom of the petition " granted." But no war- rant of survey was given, nor any attempt made to take up any land during the continuance of the Spanish authorities. The present holder of the supposed grant, claims, by virtue of it, and has taken possession of a number of the most valuable mines belongmg to the public. 4 C 358 Of the Public Lands of the United States. 13. Dubuque's Lead Mines in Louisiana, about 500. miles above St. Louis. The claim to these, and including, 140,000 acres of land, is derived from a ces- sion by the Indian tribe of Foxes ; which appears to have been a mere personal permission to Dubuque to occupy and work mines as long as he pleased. The confirmation by the Spanish governor of Louisiana only grants the petitioner's request to keep peaceable possession, according to the tenor of the Indian per- mission. There was neither order of survey nor patent, but the land is, never- theless, claimed as if held under a perfect title. 14. The New-Orleans Batture. »The documents respecting this claim are very voluminous. Exclusively of other considerations derived from the nature of the Batture, and from the laws of Louisiana, it is sufficient here to observe; i. That no title or survey has been produced, proving that the land was bounded by the river. 2. That that land was converted into a suburb, and all the front lots sold to individuals. 3. That if the first purchasers from the crown had any right to the Batture, this does not appear to have been legally vested in the present claimants. 4. That it is incontestably proved, that during a period of near forty years, which elapsed between the purchase of the plantation fi-om the crown, and the cession to the United States, the Batture was neither possessed nor claimed by the owners of that plantation, and was, during the whole time, in the exclusive and undisturbed possession of the public. Some vague claims to the public lands have been mentioned, respecting which no documents have been obtained; and it is probable that the reports of the commissioners for the territories of Louisiana and Orleans, will exhibit others as yet unknown. Since the period embraced by the preceding account of the public lands. Con- gress granted to J. E. Leitensdorfer, 320 acres ;(^) and 11,840 acres^^^) were set apart for satisfying the claims of persons claiming under the act for the relief of the refiigees from the British possessions in Canada and Nova Scotia. The government house, and lot of ground on which it is erected, in the city of New- Orleans, was granted to the governor of Louisiana for the time being and his successors for ever.^^'^) Six millions of acres,(^) fit for cultivation, to which the Indian title had been extinguished; whereof 2,000,000 acres were to be in the Michigan,(^) 2,000,000 acres in the lUinois, and 2,000,000 acres in the (20) Act 13th February, 1811 ; vol. iv. c. 289. (21) Act 23d April, 1812, vol. iv. c. 386. (22) Act 29th April, 1812; vol. iv. c. 396. (23) Act 6th May, 1812; vol. iv. c. 480. (24) By an act passed on the 29th April, 1816, the President of the United States was authorised, in lieu of the lands heretofore directed to be surveyed in the Micliigan Territory, to cause surveys to be made of the lands fit for cultivation, not otherwise appropriated, and to which the Indian title had been extin- Of the Public Lands of the United States. 359 Louisiana territories, were directed to be surveyed, and divided into town- ships, and subdivided into sections and quarter sections ; each quarter section to contain 160 acres. These lands were directed to be set apart as military bounty lands, in pursuance of the acts of the 24th of December, 1811, and llth of Ja- nuary, 1812. A lot,(2') and the buildings thereon erected, in the city of New-Or- leans, was granted to the President and Directors of the Orleans Navigation Company, for the time being, and their successors for ever. Three hundred and. twenty acres were granted to Anthony Shane.^^^^ ; In 1817,^^'^^ the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to designate and set apart, any four contiguous townships, each six miles square, of vacant public lands, lying in that part of the Mississippi territory, which was formed into a land district, by an act passed on the 3d of March, 1815, (vol. iv. ch. 769.) The four townships aforesaid, were authorised to be sold, at the rate of two dollars per acre, payable in fourteen years, after a contract shall have been concluded with the late emigrants from France, who have associated together for the purpose of forming a settlement in the United States ; provided, the number of such emigrants of fuU age, is equal at least to the number of half sections con- tained in the four townships aforesaid. The Secretary of the Treasury has power to make such allotment of the lands amongst the individuals, and to stipulate for such conditions of settlement and cultivation of the vine, and other vegetable productions, as may appear to him reasonable. No one person can receive a patent for more than 640 acres. The sections designated by numbers two, five, twenty, twenty-three, thhiy and thirty-three, in every township of the public lands, which may be sold guished, amounting to 1,500,000 acres in the Illinois territory, and 500,000 acres in the Missouri terri- tory, north of the river Missouri. The Secretary of W^ar, in his letter, dated the 12th of December, 1817, concerning the number of war- rants for military bounty land, issued to soldiers, who served during the late war, stated, " that the war- rants issued up to the llth instant, amounted to thirteen thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine, of 160 acres each, equal to 2,201,440 acres; and five hundred and seventy-two of 320 acres each, equal to 183,040 acres. And that there remain, probably, to be issued, about thirty-six thousand warrants, a very small part of which will be entitled to 320 acres each; and the residue to 160 acres each." In 1817, the survey of 3,500,000 acres, of military bounty lands, in the Illinois territory, was completed; the surveys of 500,000 acres in the Missouri territory, north of the Missouri river, it was supposed, would be completed in three months ; and that the 2,000,000 acres, , in the Missouri territory, near the rivers St. Francis, and Arkansas, would probably be completed in six months. No selection of the 2,000,000 acres, appropriated by the Act of the 16th of April, 1816, had been made. Letter of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, ISth December, 1817. (25) Act 18th April, 1814 ; vol. iv. c. 682. (26) Act 24th February, 1815; vol. iv. c. 734. (27) Act 3d March, 1817. 860 Of the Public Lands of the United States. after the 1st day of September, 1817/^*> were directed to be offered for sale, in quarter or half quarter sections, at the option of the purchaser ; in every case of the dimion of a quarter section, the portion must be made by a line running due north and south ; in every other respect tlie future sales of the pubhc lands were to be made as heretofore directed. In addition to the land oflRces, above mentioned, three were authorised for the state of Louisiana; one of them to be at New-Orleans, another at Opelousas, and the third at such place, north of Red River, as the President might direct. The President was authorised to remove the land office heretofore established at Nashville, for the sale of the public lands situated in the Mississippi territory. In the territory last mentioned, three land offices have been opened, viz: one at Washington, west of Pearl River, another at fort St. Stepliens, east of Pearl River, and the third at Huntsville, in Madison county. In 1812, ^^^ a land office was authorised to be opened in the Missouri territory, as soon as the private claims should all be ascertained and the lands surveyed. In 1815,(^°^ another land office was authorised, in such place as the President might direct, for the sale of the lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, by the treaty concluded with the Creek Indians, on the 9th of August, 1814. It was formerly the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, to execute such services in relation to the sale of the lands belonging to the United States, as might by law be required of him. In 1812,(3*) ^n office, to be denominated the " General Land Office," in the department of the Treasury, was authorised ; the chief officer thereof is stiled, " the Commissioner of the General Land Office ;" who, under the head of the department, now supeiintends, executes and per- forms all such acts and things, touching or respecting the public lands of the United States, as were before directed by law to be done or performed in the offices of the Secretary of State, of the Secretary and Register of the Treasury, and of the Secretary of the Department of War, or which may, by law, be assigned to the office aforesaid. No person, who is engaged in the general land office, is al- lowed to be directly or indirectly concerned in the purchase of the public lands. The public lands sold prior to the opening of the land offices, amounted to 1,536,552 acres; the aggregate of the sales, since the opening of the land offices north west of the river Ohio, to the 30th of September, 1817, amounted to 8,469,641.56 acres; and the purchase money to 18,051,652.97 dollars. The ag- gregate of the sales, in the Mississippi territory, from the opening of the land (28) Act 22d February, 1817. (29) Act 4th June, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 418. (30) Act 3d March, 1815; vol. iv. ch. 769. (31) Act 25th April, 1812; vol. iv. cli. 391. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 36 1 offices, to the 30th of September, 1817, amounted to 1,690,932.96 acres, and the purchase money to 3,981,269 dollars and 26 cents. The sales of the pubhc lands were at the maximum, in 1817; during that year, l,414,952^ths acres were sold at the land offices without the Mississippi territory, for 3,090,868i^ths dollars; during the same year, the sales at the offices in the Mississippi territory, amounted to 617,090^ths acres for l,677,903i^ths dollars. In 1817, the average price per acre, for the sales first mentioned, was 2.18 dollars, and for those in the Mississippi territoiy, 2.71 dollars per acre. Calculated on the average of the seventeen years, from 1801 to 1817, both inclusive, the annual amount of the sales of the public lands, north west of the river Ohio, was 498,214 acres; and the average price 2.13 dollars per acre. On the average of eleven years, from 1807 to 1817, both inclusive, the sales in the Mississippi territory, amounted annually to 153,721 acres, at the average rate of 2.36 dollars per acre.^^^^ From the 4th of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1815, 1,064,556 dol- lars and 81 cents were expended for the surveying, marking, designating lines and boundaries ; for monies paid on account of the sale of the public lands, and the collection of the monies arising therefrom ; and for the amount paid to the several boards of land commissioners, their clerks and other officers, for ascer- taining and adjudicating the titles and claims to land, and for sundry incidental expenses therewith connected. This national domain has been estimated to be at least 400,000,000 of acres of land, after a deduction shall have been made of all that has been sold, or that may be necessary to satisfy every legal claim against this property of the United States. The 400,000,000 of acres are situated as foUows,^^^) viz: 1. In the state of Ohio; ^^^^^ Lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, 6,725,000 Lands to wliich the Indian title has not been extinguished, 5,575,000 Acres. Total number of acres of land in Ohio 12 300 000 (32) At the sales in Milledgeville, in the month of August, 18ir. the prices varied from 2 to 72 dollars per acre one purchase of 140,310 acres, was then made for 686,451 dollars, or 4^ dollars per acre. The prices depend upon the quality of the land, and the local advantages attending them. (33") Report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office, dated 13th December, 1813. 4 D 362 Of the Public Lands of the United States. Acres. Brought forward, 12,300,000 2. In the Michigan territory ; Lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, 5,100,000 Lands to which the Indian title has not been extinguished, 1 1,400,000 Total acres in the Michigan tenitory 16,500,000 3. In the Indiana and Illinois territories, south of a parallel of latitude passing by the southern extre- mity of lake Michigan; Lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, 33,000,000 Lands to which the Indian title has not been extinguished, 23,200,000 Total acres in the Indiana and Illinois territories . . 56,200,000 4. In the territory west of lake Michigan and north of said parallel of latitude ; Lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, 5,500,000 Lands to which the Indian title has not been extinguished, 54,500,000 Total acres west of Michigan 60,000,000 5. In the Mississippi territory; Lands to which the Indian title has been extinguished, 5,900,000 Lands to which the Indian title has not been extinguished, 49,100,000 Total acres in the Mississippi territory 55,000,000 6. In the cession made by the French government, the 30th April, 1803, and including the territory of Missouri, the state of Louisiana, and the lands east of the river Mississippi and Island of New- Orleans as far as the river Perdido, at least 200,000,000 Making a grand total of 400,000,000 It has not yet been ascertained to what extent the Indian title has been extin- guished, in relation to the lands included in the cession made by the French government in 1803 ; much of the country had been ceded by the Indians before those lands became the property of the United States ; since we have acquired them, further cessions have been made by the Sacs, Foxes and Ossage tribes; these, together with the lands which are occupied by the inhabitants, are esti- mated at about 30,000,000 acres. Of the Public Lands of the United States. ;363 A STATEMENT Showing the amount of Sales of Lands, belonging to the United States, prior to the opening of the Land Offices. (34) In Pennsylvania, the triangle on Lake Erie .... (35) jji Ohio, m 1787, sales made in the city of New- York (56) Do. 1796, do. at Pittsburgh . , . . •3« Do. 1796, do. in Philadelphia . . . ("> Do. 1792, do. to the Ohio Company . (38) Do. 1792. do. to J. C. Symmes . . . Acres, Acres. 202,187 a. 72,974 a. 43,446 5,120 964,285 a 248,540 a. 1,536,552 a. These tracts were sold prior to the adoption of the present Constitution of the United States. All the above tracts were payable for in evidences of the public debt, and military land warrants. (34) Act 3d January, 1792; vol. ii. chap. 105. (35) Supplementary Ordinance, dated July 9th, 1788. 2d edition of the Land Laws, p. 108. (36) Act 18th May, 1796; vol. ii. chap. 323. (37) Act 21st April, 1792; vol. ii. chap. 126. (38) Act 5th May, 1792; vol. ii. chap. 131. 364 Of the Public Lands of the United States. A Statement of the Public Lands sold in the States and Territories of the United States, (those in the YEARS. From 1st July 1800 1st Nov. 1801 1st Oct 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 to 31st Oct. 1801 to 3 1 St Oct. 1802 to 30th Sept. 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 ' 1815 1816 1817 Lands sold. Acres. lOOths. 398,646 45 340,009 77 199,080 64 314,253 41^ 619,266 13^ 473,211 634 284,180 29 195,579 21| 143,409 24| 158,843 S7i 207,017 14§ (39)391.664 65 (39)256,345 58 (39)823,264 47 (39>1,092,979 62 (39)1,131,956 36 (39)1,414,952 49 Amount of pur- chase money. Dolls. Cts. 834,887 11 680,019 54 398,161 28 635,563 83i 1,235,953 22J 1,001,358 02 588,610 28| 434,444 54 355.783 04 344,256 16 449,502 69i 849,632 09§ 560,540 58 1,702,016 01 2,285,680 86 2,464,792 93 3,090,868 29 Lands reverted. Acres. lOOths, 94,075 63 123,571 44 33,648 67 42,435 19 54,008 10 79,287 25 Amount in the hands of receir- eraon the 1st of Oct. in each year. Dolls. Cts. 198,355 55i 260,432 47 332,339 01 229,444 11 289,630 62 273,794 244 235,239 72|. 230,156 48| 255,412 16 203,408 77^ 184,094 1S| 101,348 74 210,541 56| 253,922 67i 176,554 76^ Amount due bjr Individuals on the Ist of Oct. in each year. Dolls. pts. 940,228 47i 1,092,390 17^ 1,434,212 aOi 2.094.305 82^ 2,245,557 581 2.153.306 42| 2,041,673 01| 1,912,703 86 J 1,646,642 04^ 1,496,371 67| 1,599,106 33J 1,483,861 lOj 2,134,989 56 3,163,936 55 4,334,648 09J (39) Amount of acres sold after deducting " lands reverted." A Statement of the Lands sold in the Mississippi Territory, Amount in the Amount due by Lands sold. Amount of pur- Lands hands of Recei- Individuals on the YEARS. chase money. reverted. of October in each year. (<1J 1st of October in each year. Acres. lOOths. Dolls. Cts. Acres. lOOths. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. By Treasury Report, dated 5th Nov. do. do. 1807 74,831 50J 149,663 01 — — — 1808 17,892 90 35,785 80 — 27,522 02 111,913 50 do. 2d Dec. 1809 87,635 74 194,871 99 — 5,020 62^ 138,758 85 do. do. 1810 77,035 83 158,125 97 — 53,281 48 273,482 85 do. Nov. 1811 81,913 16 164,821 89 — 29,621 97i 390,195 33i do. 3d Dec. 1812 (40)144^872 75^ 299.904 363 5,529 86 33,717 49i 474,541 23^ do. do. 1813 ("0) 30,260 88 60,658 86 1,607 78 63,809 324 653,068 184 F rom the 1st of Oct. 1813 to the 30th of Sept 1814 (40) 41,272 06 82,544 94 2,475 53 83,348 953 630,274 63J 1814 1815 («) 27,254 02 54,508 05 2,615 72 126,784 02 589,008 74 1815 1816 («)490,873 71 1,102,480 95 95,143 01 J 111,715 95^ 531,732 79 1816 1817 ("0)617,090 40 1,677,903 44 23,613 28 167,843 Oli 1,270,097 73> (40) Acres sold after deducting the " lands reverted." (41) Of the amount received, up to 1st of October, 1817, 431,120 dollars and 92 cents was in Mississippi Stock. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 365 Mississippi Territory excepted) during each year, since the opening of the Land Offices. Receipts by Receivers, Payments by Receivers, Balances due the 1st of October of each year. Total balance due the Ut of Octo- ber of each year. On account of pur- On account of for- For expenses and chases. feitures. Into the Treasury. repayments. From Individuals. By Receivers. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. i m 207 24 " 3,735 45 __ ■■ ' 459,152 19| 245,999 58 222 00 175,774 77i 5,583 35^ 1,092,390 171 260,432 47 1,352.822 65| 395,256 82> 1,025 75 360,954 65 11,279 97i 1,332,697 181 297.782 27| 1,630.479 46^ 575,859 88 1,102 48| 675,854 33 24,734 87 2,094,305 85 229.444 11 2.323.749 96 850,106 28J 1,588 78i 789,535 44-3 29,235 161 2,245,557 585. 289.630 62 2.535,188 20^ 680,861 44J 7,343 27 697,781 00| 27,183 53| 2,153.306 42^ 273.794 25 2.427.100 67| 545,077 95 3,129 07| 584,374 29^ 27,256 00 2,041.673 Oil 235.239 72L 2,276,912 74 484,752 19J^ 6,168 38 494,573 74| 21,670 39| 1,912.703 86- 230.156 48| 2.142,860 35i 610,317 98^ 25,372 74 608,599 02 26,663 87-1- 1,646,642 04- 255.412 16 1.902.054 20i 599,773 06 49,541 74 682,403 04 31,756 10 1.496.371 67| 214,681 89 1.711,053 56| 746,897 43 47,431 26^ 782,543 31 31,100 03 1.599.106 33|. 184,094 13| 1,783,200 47i 643,055 75i 63,262 08 761,568 35 27,494 87^ 1,483,861 10^ 101,348 74J 1,585.209 84| 1,050,887 55 13,949 691 914,363 92 41,280 50 2,134,989 56 210,541 56i 2,345,531 l^ 1,256,733 87 7,484 49 1,165,817 72^ 55,019 52i. 3,163,936 55 253,922 67J 3,417,859 22J 1,294,081 38^ 12,930 37 1,338,176 441 46,203 22 4,334,648 09i 176.554 76i 4,511,202 85-1 1.797,719 36^ 27,733 16 1,754,487 38 68.939 25^ 5,627,797 02 178,580 65 5.806,377 67 (42) From the 1st of November, 1801, to the 31st of October, 1802, the " amount paid on purchase" was 220,867 dollars 34J cents. from the opening of the Land Offices in said Territory. Receipts by Receivers. Payments by Receivers, Balances due on the 1st of Octo- ber of each year. Total balances due the 1st of October On account of pur- On account of for- Into the Treasury. For expenses and From Individuals. By Receivers. of each year. chases. feitures. repayments. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 37,749 51 — 10,227 48| 1,796 34 111.913 50 27,522 02| 139,435 52| 8,946 45 — 31.447 84 J 2,428 98| 138.752 85 5,020 62J- 143,773 47i 60,141 98^ 112 99 11.815 32 5,427 27 273,482 85 53,281 48 326,764 33 41,413 48^ 371 67 65.444 66^ 3,975 58^ 390,195 331 29,621 974 419,817 30 80.475 99^ 305 35 76.606 64 4.598 23 474.541 231 33,717 49^ 508,258 73 121,377 41i 541 36 85.675 77 6,151 17 653,068 18| 63,809 32- 716,877 51^ 83,452 41 144 36 59,649 73 4,407 41 630.274 63| 83,348 95- 713,623 59^ 123,810 83| 758 OS 74,793 59 6.340 26 589,008 74 126,784 02^ 715,792 761 111.784 00 536 93 123,073 39 4.315 61 531,732 79 111,715 95- 643,448 74^ 364,116 OOi 44,007 37 333,313 33 18.682 99 1,270,097 73| 167,843 01-r 1,437,940 74 546,494 12^ 6.747 79 347,623 21 17,800 31| 2,401,507 04| 355,661 40 2,757.168 44| 4 E 366 Of the Public Lands of the United States. A STATEMENT Of the quantity of Land in each Land District; the number of acres sold since the opening of the Land Offices, and the quantity remaining unsold on the 1st of October, 1817. LA.ND DISTRICTS. In the Western Territory. Mariettaf'''' Zanesvillef'"' Steubenvillef^sj Canton Chilicothe(«) Cincinnatit"' JeffersonvilleW VincennesC^'' Shawnee Tovfn^"^ Kaskaskia^''^) Edward8ville(*'J ...;.... In the Mississippi Territory. Madison County West of Pearl Rivei<«) East of Pearl RiverC«> Milledgeville Number of acres in each district. sre.ooo 1,504,880 1,935,360 1,244,160 2,128,480 3,709,440 2.416,200 5,532,500 3,018,240 2,188,800 1,059,840 2,672,640 3,787,840 4,769,280 691,200 Number of acres sold. 131,871 751,852 1,396,432 858,577 935,067 2,388,015 863,457 779,414 161,628 122,336 104,073 242,956 750,492 523,472 174,009 Number of acres unsold. 444.129 753,028 538,928 385,583 1,193,413 1,321,425 1,552,743 4,753,086 2,857,612 2,066,464 955,767 2,429,684 3,037,348 4,245,808 517,191 (43) Land offices, authorised by Act of 10th May, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 209. (44) Do. do. 3d March. 1803, vol. iii. cli. 343. (45) Do. do. 26th March, 1804, vol. iii. ch. 388. (46) Do. do. 3d March, 1807, vol. iv. ch. 104. (47) Do. do. 2l8t February, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 352. (48) Do. do. 29th April, 1816. (49) Do. d». 3d March, 1803, vol. iii. ch. 340. Of the Public Lands of the United States. 367 d SUMMARY STATEMEJ^T Showing the amount of Saks of Land since the opening of the Land Offices; the Monies actually received, and the sums due from each Office, up to the 30th of September, 1812. OFFICES. Lauds sold. Monies received. Balance due 30th of Sept 1812. Marietta Steubenville ; . . Acres. lOOths. 36.666 61^ 977.530 44 286.988 394 137.417 55 648.244 094 1,400,686 07 124,889 65 154,085 33 259,824 60| 76,112 51i 148,244 77 Dolls. CU. 65,229 65 1,794,488 58^ 428,415 504 153,241 95 1,298,049 88^ 2,146,074 47^ 153,447 25 183,180 044 178,405 92 43,701 59 127,997 32i Dolls. Cts. 22,576 98 208,716 814 148,874 64 125,235 32 76.879 04 790,882 474 98,014 30J 127,926 764 341,918 39 115,174 27 195,975 524 Zanesville Canton Chilicotfie Cincinnati Vincennes Jeffersonville West of Pearl River East of Pearl River Madison county 4,250,690 01| 6.592,232 18^ 2,252,174 52i A SUMMARY STATEMEJVT Showing the amount of Sales of Land in the several Land Offices, from the 1st of October, 1812, to the 30th of September, 1817; together with the amount of the purchase money, and the balance due on the 30th of September, 1817. OFFICES. Lands sold. Amount of purchase money. Balance due. Marietta Acres. lOOths. 95,207 69 464,863 66 418,904 87 721,162 96 • 286,825 38 987,338 89 709,344 82 667,793 02 161,630 55 122,278 00 104,073 69 94,712 17 490,668 55 447.360 93^ 174,909 511 Dolls. Cts. 208,242 01 941,522 79 929,571 72 1,675,070 34 625.951 91 2.077.223 34 1,334.476 55 1.410.237 58 349,409 48 244,556 01 208,416 94 199.601 05 1,045.332 66 989,313 46 753.849 07 Dolls. Cts. 134,825 754 499,284 01 424,207 55| 891,216 07 308,056 54 1,156,305 84 870,717 45A 927,908 594 251,039 35 183.905 50 158,911 00 93.844 974 1.034.529 96 1,045,082 92 583.710 59^ Zanesville Steubenville Canton «... Chilicothe Cincinnati Jeffersonville Vincennes . '. Shawnee Town Kaskasl^ia .... - Edwardsville Madison county West of Pearl River East of Pearl River Milledgeville 5,947,074 70 12,992,774 91 8,563,546 II4 368 Of the Public Lands of the United States. General Statement showing the amount of all the monies expended from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1812, /or surveying, marking and designating the lines and boundaries of the Public Lands in each state or territory; ako the amount of monies paid upon account of the sale of the Public Lands and collection of the money arising therefrom, and to the several boards of Land Commissioners, their clerks and other officers, for ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims to land in the several states and territories. STATE OR TERRITORY. State of Ohio . . . . Territory of Michigan . Indiana TUinois . . Mississippi Orleans Missouri . Amount paid for sur- veying, marking, and designating lines and bounderies. Dolls. Cts. 146,751 98 5,565 93 62,477 73 28,228 17 115,570 58 43,574 39 500 00 AmountoCmonies paid upon account of the sale of the public lands and collection of the money arising there- from. Dolls. Cts. 200,895 68 21,095 20 25,746 80 Amount of monies paid to the several boards of Land Commission- ers, their clerks, and other officers, for as- certaining and adjust- ing the titles and claims to land. Dolls. Cts. 11,399 80 7,281 97 19,321 25 32,919 07 101,220 63 37,791 18 Total. Dolls. Cts. 347,647 66 16,965 73 90,854 90 47,549 42 174,236 45 144,795 02 38,291 18 402,668 78 247,737 68 209,933 90 To which add. Payments for executing the surveys directed by resolutions of Congress, 6th June, 1788, and 26th August, 1789, for ascertaining the boundary line be- tween the United States and states of New-York and Massachusetts, and also for surveying the lands of the United States, between lake Erie and the state of Pennsylvania, . . . • Dolls. Salaries of the Surveyor General and his clerks for the time being . do. of the Surveyor of lands south of Tennessee and his clerks for the time being, _ Cost of surveying instruments, stationary, compiling land laws, &c. . . 4,049 85 41,871 73 31,236 00 7,827 77 The total amount of monies paid at the Treasury from 4th of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1812, is Dolls. 729,674 14 Amount of monies paid at the several land offices, as far as the accounts have been received at the Treasury, * 232,156 08 961,830 22 Deduct the amount of the several balances in the hands of surveyors from monies which had been advanced to them at the Treasury and whose accounts were not settled on the Slst of December, 1812, Dolls. 16,504 51 Leaves the amount of the expenditures as above, 945,325 71 To which add the following sums, viz: In 1813, expenses on account of the salaries of surveyors and their clerks, 7,336 02 do. for surveys and incidental expenses, 25,03.5 79 do. for ascertaining land titles, 5,998 80 In 1814, do. on account of the salaries of surveyors and their clerks, 4,817 94 do. for surveys and incidental expenses, 26,201 33 do. for ascertaining land titles, . , 2,757 67 In 1815, do. on account of the salaries of surveyors and their clerks, 3,237 07 do. for surveys and incidental expenses, 35,839 49 do. for ascertaining land titles, 8,006 99 860,340 36 84,985 35 945,325 71 38,370 61 33,776 94 47,083 55 Total to the Slst of December, 1815, Dolls. 1,064,556 81 CHAPTER VI. OF THE POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, On the 26th of July, 1775, Congress established a line of posts, under the direction of a Post-Master General, from Falmouth in New-England, to Savan- nah in Georgia; and they authorised as many cross posts as that officer should think proper. In 1782, October 18th, all the surplus income of the post-office was directed to be applied to the establishment of new post-offices and the sup- port of packets, to render the post-office department as extensively useM as may be. In 1785, September 7th, the post-master general was authorised to enter into contracts for the conveyance of the different maUs by the stage car- riages. Congress has power " to establish post-offices and post-roads."(*) In 1789,^^) a post-master general and sundry subordinate officers, were autho- rised ; and the regulations previously adopted under the resolutions, ^c. of Con- gress, were declared to be in force, until the end of the next session of Congress. Many other acts were passed concerning the post-office establishment, but they have all been repealed, or superseded by that of 1810. In 1810,(^) all the post roads in the several states and territories were desig- nated and established by law. During each session of Congress, special acts are passed, to add new post roads, or to discontinue sucli of the routes as proved unproductive. An act to regulate the post-office estabhshment was also passed in the same year,(*) and it is that which is now in operation. A General Post-Office is established at the seat of the government of the (1) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. viii. cl. vii, (2) Act 22d September, 1789; vol. ii. ch. 16. (3) Act 28th April, 1810; vol. iv, ch. 255. (4) Act 30th April, 1810; vol. iv. ch. 262. 4 F 370 Of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. United States, under the direction of a post-master general, who is authorised to appomt two assistants, and the requisite number of clerks; he is further directed to superintend the business of the department in all the duties that are or may be assigned to it; and he is requu-ed, once in three months, to render to the Secretary of the Treasury, a quarterly account of all the receipts and ex- penditures in the department, to be adjusted and settled as other accounts. The post-master general may establish post-offices, and appoint post-masters, on the post roads which are or maj^ be authorised by law, at all such places as to him may appear expedient. He regulates the number of times that the mail shall go from place to place, and he is authorised to contract for carrying the mail, and to establish post roads. No other than free white persons can be employed as post-riders, or drivers, or in any other way to carry the mad. Any person, for obstructing or retarding the passage of the mail, is fined one hundred dollars ; any ferryman, who may wilfully delay the mail in crossing any ferry, forfeits, for every ten minutes of such delay, not exceeding ten doUars. One or more persons must attend at every post-office every day on which a mail arrives, and on such other days and hours as the post-master general may direct. All letters, brought to the post-office half an hour before the time of making up the mad, must be forwarded therein, unless in cases where more time may be necessary, which, in no case, is allowed to exceed one hour. No person, who is employed in the general post-office, is authorised to re- ceive fees or perquisites on account of the duties to be performed by virtue of his appointment. The post-masters, and all the other persons employed by the post-master general, who receive illegal postage, are, for every such offence, to pay one hun- dred dollars ; and they are incapable of holding any office or appomtment under the government of the United States. No vessel, arriving in the United States, at a place where a post-office is kept, is allowed to report, make entry, or break bulk, before the commander shall have delivered to the post-master aU letters directed to any persons in the Uni- ted States, which, under his care, have been brought by such vessel, except such letters as are directed to the owner or consignee, and such as are directed to be delivered at the port of delivery, to which the vessel is bound. For each of the letters, delivered as aforesaid, the commander of the vessel is entitled to receive two cents from the post-master. No persoh is allowed to establish any mode of carrying letters on any of the Of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. 371 post roads, unless authorised so to do by the post-master general; but any per- son may transmit letters or packets by a special messenger. The post-riders and the carriers of the mail, must receive way-letters, pro- vided they are presented more than two miles from a post-oifice ; the letters so received must be delivered at the first post-office at which they shall afterwards arrive, where they are to be entered and charged with postage. Mail carriers, who cause any letter to be carried contrary to law, are fined not exceeding fifty dollars. All the persons, who are employed in any of the departments of the general post-office, for unlawful detentions, opening of letters, secreting, embezzling or destroying the same, are subject to heavy pecuniary penalties, and imprisonment at hard labour. For robbing the mail the first time, the offender may be impri- soned not exceeding ten years; on a second conviction he is punished with death. If during the robbeiy of the mail the first time the person who is entrust- ed with it be wounded, the offender is punished wth death. All persons, not authorised, who open letters or packets, with a design to obstruct the corres- pondence, to pry into another's business or secrets, and who may destroy, secrete or embezzle the same, are fiable to pay five hundred dollars. The post-masters must advertise at stated periods, all the letters which remain in their respective offices. Dead letters are opened at the general post-office ; a description of them is directed to be advertised in the nevirs-papers ; valuable papers, or matters of consequence, and the letters, are returned to the owner or person who is authorised to receive them. " If such letter, with its contents, be not demanded by the person to whom it is addressed, or the owner thereof or his lawful agent, within two years after the advertisement thereof as aforesaid, the said contents shall be applied to the use of the United States, until the same shall be reclaimed by the proprietor thereof." The following persons are allowed to frank then- own letters, or those on the business of their offices, and of receiving those addressed to them, free of post- age, viz: the President of the United States, the Vice-President of the United States. The members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, the delegates to the House of Representatives, the secretary of the Senate and the clerk of the House of Representatives ; provided the letters do not ex- ceed two ounces in weight.(') The Secretaries of State, Treasury, War and Navy (5) In case of over weight, the over weight to be paid for at the established rates of postage. The privilege to frank, is allowed to the members of Congress, and the delegates, the secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House, during thirty days before, and as many after the termination of every session of Congress, as well as during the session. Act 9th April, 1816. The newspapers are also conveyed free to the persons above mentioned, for the time aforesaid. 372 Of the Post-Qfflce Establishment of the United States. Departments, the Treasurer of the United States, the Attorney General, the Commissioner of the Revenue, the Post-Master General, the Assistant Post- Master General, the Comptroller of the Treasury, the Register of the Treasury, the Auditors and Accountants in the Treasury Department. The Post-Masters, provided their letters do not exceed an half ounce in weight; the Commissaiy General, the Superintendent of Indian trade, the Superintendent of Military Supplies, Inspector of the Army, Paymaster of the Army, Adjutant and Inspector General of the Army; the Adjutant Generals of the Militia in the several states, may receive from any Major, or Brigadier General, or he may send to them, free of postage, letters merely relating to the militia. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, late Presidents of the United States. To frank a letter or packet, it is necessary that the person, who is authorised to frank, write his name and office on the outside thereof; he must have pre- viously fiu-nished a specimen of his signature, to the post-master of the office, where the letter or packet may be entered. Any person franking letters, other than those wiitten by himself, or by his order, on the business of his office, is liable to pay ten dollars. Fifty dollars to be paid for counterfeiting a frank. Letters enclosed, to persons who may receive free letters, when addressed to other persons, are to be returned to the office whence they came, for the purpose of being charged with postage. Every printer of newspapers may send one paper to each printer of newspapers within the United States, free of postage, under such regulations as the post-master general may provide. All newspapers, conveyed by the mail, must be under cover, open at one end. Any person employed in the post-office department, for opening, embezzling, or destroying a newspaper directed to another person, forfeits fifty doUars ; for the like offences, any other person forfeits twenty dollars. For steahng a packet con- taining newspapers, out of any post-office, or from any person having custody thereof; the offender is imprisoned at hard labour, not exceeding three months. For concealing a letter, or other writing, in a newspaper to be carried by the mail, the offender must pay five dollars. Magazines and pamphlets may be conveyed by the mail, whenever the mail shall not be too large. The post-master general may authorise letter carriers to be employed, at the post-offices, for the delivery of letters, in the places where such post-offices are established; for the delivery of each letter, the carrier is entitled to two cents; it is optional with persons, whether they will have their letters delivered by the carrier, or that they shall remain in the office until called for; in the latter case, thepost-masteris entitled to one cent for each letter so delivered. Of the Post-Office Establishment cfthe United States. 373 The post-master general is directed to report annually to Congress, eveiy post road, that does not, after the second year from its establishment, produce one-third pf the expense of carrying the mail on the same. Rates of Postage established in 18 16,^^) viz: For every letter composed of a single sheet of paper, convey- ed not exceeding 30 mUes Do. over 30 and not exceeding 80 miles Do. 80 do. 150 do. Do. 150 do. 400 do. Do. over 400 mUes 6 cents 10 do. 12i do. 181 do. 25 do. For every double letter, or letter composed of two pieces of paper, double those rates; and for every triple letter, or one composed of three pieces of paper, triple those rates; and for every packet composed of four or more pieces of paper, or one or more other articles, and weighing one ounce avoirdupois, quadruple those rates, and in that proportion for aU greater weights ; provided, that no packet of letters conveyed by the water mails, shaU be charged with more than quadruple postage, unless the same shall contain more than four distinct letters. No post-master is obliged to receive to be conveyed by the maU, any packet that weighs more than three pounds ; the postage marked on any letter or packet and charged in the post biQ accompanying the same, is conclusive evidence in favour of the post-master, who delivers it, of the lawful postage thereon, unless such letter or packet shaU be opened in the presence of the post-master or his clerk.(^^ Rates of Postage for JVewspapersS^^ Each paper carried not over 100 miles l cent Do. do. over 100 mUes « . l|^ do. A newspaper when carried to any post-office within the state in which it was printed, pays l cent postage, whatever be the distance of the conveyance. (6) Act 9th April, 1816. (7) The rates for postage established in 1816, do not materially differ in the amount, from those charged in 1794; the present rates are somewhat lower than what they were formerly. (8) Act 30th April, 1810; vol. iv. ch. 262. 4 G sn (Tf the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. Magazines and Pamphlets are rated by the sheet. When carried not over 50 miles, to pay i cent per sheet Do. over 50 miles and not exceeding lOO miles i\ do. do. Do. any greater distance 2 do. do. Every four folio, eight quarto or sixteen octavo p^es of a magazine or pam- phlet are considered a sheet, and the surplus pages of any pamphlet or magazine are also considered a sheet. Any memorandum written on a newspaper or other printed paper, transmitted by the mail, is charged letter postage, and any per- son who deposits such memorandum in any office for the purpose of defrauding the revenue, forfeits five dollars for every such offence. Every letter or packet brought into the United States, or carried from one port to another, in any private vessel, is charged with six cents, if delivered at the post-office where the vessel arrives, and if destined to be conveyed by post to any place, two cents are added to the ordinary rates of postage. In 1812,(®^ the post-master general was directed to cause a survey to be made of the main post road from Robbinstown, in the District of Maine, to St, Mary's in Georgia, in which the courees, distances and all remarkable objects were to be noted, the latitude to be taken every noon and evening, and the variation of the. compass every evening, when the weather is fair. The necessary instru- ments were to be furnished by the United States. In 1813,(^'*) the President of the United States was authorised, during the ex- istence of the late war, to direct the post-master general to send a mail between the head-quarters of any army and such post-office as he might judge proper; the route was to be considered an established post road. In 1814,("> fifty per centum was added to the rates of postage estabUshed by the act of the 30th of April, 1810. In 1815,('2> tijg post-master general was authorised to employ any steam-boat to carry the mail ; provided that he did not pay more than three cents for each letter or packet, or more than one cent for each newspaper so conveyed. In 1816,^*^) the provisions of the act of the 23d of December, 1814, were repealed, and the postage was restored to the former rates. The great increase of the number and the extent of the post roads in the United States, demonstrate the rapid improvement of our country. Besides the (9) Act 11th May, 1812; vol. iv. ch. 403. (10) Act 14th January, 1813; vol. iv. ch. 474. (11) Act 23d December, 1814; vol. iv. ch. 698. (12) Act 27th February, 1815, vol. iv. ch. 7^7. (13) Act l8t February, 1816. Of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. 375 convenience which this establishment offers to individuals, much of the commer- cial prosperity of nations is owing to the despatch and safety of a well regiUated Post-Office Establishment. In this respect, our progress has been equal to that of any of the nations in Europe; convenient roads now intersect every portion of the United States. Though we do not possess many routes that are equal to the most improved in England and France; our roads are more safe, more expeditious, and better regulated than those of any other nation in Europe. Even so late as 1750, the roads in Great Britain and France were in a wretched condition; they have done much within a few years to promote the intercourse in those states. In 1763, seventeen days were occupied in going from London to Edinburgh, in the stage-coach ; the distance about four hun- dred mUes. In 1816, you might go from the city of New-York to Buffaloe on Lake Erie, four hundred and seventy-five miles, in one hundred hours from the time of departure, and be comfortably lodged every night; the time actu- ally occupied in travelling was eighty hours. Our mail is now transported with uncommon rapidity, through countries which continue to be inhabited by sa- vages ; our vehicles pass with more speed to towns, the sites of which, twen- ty-five years ago, were the theatres of savage barbarity, than do the pubhc carriages in some of the most civilized and oldest countries in Europe. You may go from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh,^^*) in the stage, three hundred and ten miles, in five and a half days, and be lodged every night on the route. The intercourse with the several states has been very much facilitated since the introduction of steam-boats ; they are particularly adapted to the rivers in our country. From Philadelphia to Quebec, in Lower Canada, the distance is seven hundred miles, and may be performed in seven days, in safety, without fatigue, and accompanied by every convenience that can be devised ; and it is supposed, the time now required to make that journey wUl be lessened. Other journies are made with equal certainty, safety, despatch and convenience in other parts of the United States ; in no situation, has the communication between the distant members of the union been more improved and expedited, than be- tween New-Orleans, in Louisiana, and Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. In 1812, in France by the stage-coach, six days were required to go from Paris to Geneva, three hundred and ninety mUes; six days from Paris to Basle, three hundred and sixty-nine mUes ; five days from Paris to Strasburgh, three hundred and sixty-six mUes. In 1783, Mr. Palmer, in his letter to Mr. Pitt, on the reform of the General Post-Ofiice of Great Britain, declared the (14) It is necessary to consider that in making this journey, we pass all the mountain chains which traverse the state of Pennsylvania. 376 Of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. post " instead of being the swiftest, is almost the slowest conveyance in this coun- try," (Great Britain).^'*) He proposed to have the mail transported in stage- coaches ; and his plan was adopted, to the great benefit of the nation. In 1813, the. extent of the post roads, in the United States, was 40,000 miles. There is a main post road, which commences at Robbinstown, on the north east- ern extremity of the sea coast, and passes to St. Mary's, on the south eastern extremity of the United States, which measures 1,668 miles; another main route leads from the seat of the government to New-Orleans, and is 1,233 miles. Cross roads frequently intersect the main routes ; they communicate with the capitals of each of the states, and with every city, town or village of the least consequence. The mail is transported by contracts, made with the post-master general ; the whole extent of the routes is divided into about four hundred contracts. The mail runs daily between all the great towns, and the commercial cities of the United States; twice a week to the capitals of each state, which are not commercial, and once a week to other places. The usual rate of travelling is forty miles per day on the cross roads, and from sixty to one hundred and twenty miles in twenty-four hours between the great commercial towns; from Philadelphia to New-York, Baltimore and Washington city, the speed is greater, being at the rate of about seven miles per hour. The mail and passengers are conveyed in stages, from Belfast, in the District of Maine, to St. Mary's, in Georgia; the same conveyance is employed on many of the cross roads. In 1813, the yearly transportation of the mail, j^nes. In stages amounted to ' 2,411,760 In sulkies and on horseback 3,180,892 Making a total of 5,592,652 Averaging one post-office to every fifteen and a half mdes of post road. When the Post-Office Establishment was first authorised, Congress was princi- pally concerned for the accommodation of the government and the people. The revenue from this source was not considered as an item in the ways and means of the nation ; and the surplus was employed to extend the post routes. Many post routes are continued, though the receipts for the letters, ^c. conveyed by the mad, are not adequate to defray the expense. In 1790, there were only 75 post-offices in the United States; in 1800, they (15) Anderson's History of Commerce, &c. vol. vi. p. 946. Of the Post-i)ffice Establishment of the United States. 377 amounted to 903, and in 1810, to 2,300; increase in ten years, 828, in twenty years 2,225. In 1790, the amount of the postages was 37,934 dollars; in 1800, 280,804 dollars, and in 1810, 551,683 dollars; increase in ten years, 242,870 dollars; in twenty years, 513,749 dollars. In 1790, the compensation to the post-masters was 8,197 dollars; in 1800, 69,242 dollars, and in 1810, 149,438 dollars; increase in ten years, 61,045 dol- lars; in twenty years, 141,241 dollars. In 1790, the incidental expenses of the establishment amounted to 1,861 dol- lars; in 1800, to 16,106 dollars, and in 1810, to 18,564 dollars; increase in ten years, 14,254 dollars, and in twenty years, 16,703 dollars. In 1790, the transportation of the mail cost 22,081 dollars; in 1800, 128,644 dollars, and in 1810, 327,966 dollars; increase in ten years, 106,563 doUars; in twenty years, 305,885 doUars. In 1790, the net revenue amounted to 5,794 dollars; in 1800, 66,810 dollars, and m 18 lO, 55,715 dollars; increase in ten years, 61,016 dollars; in twenty years, 49,921 doUars: the diminution, after 1800, was owing to the midtiplica- tion of the post routes. In 1790, the extent of the post-roads was 1,875 miles; in 1800, 20,817 miles, and in 1810, 37,035 miles ; increase in ten years, 18,942 mdes; in twenty years^ 35,160 miles. The aggregate amount of the postages during twenty years, from 1790 to 1809, both inclusive, amounted to 5,435,859 dollars; or annually to 271 793 dollars ; the aggregate amount of the net revenue, during the period aforesaid was 810,829 dollars, or annually, 40,541 dollars. In 1813, the post-offices amounted to 2,960; the amount of the postages 703,154 dollars;(i^) the compensation to the post-masters 199,170 dollars; the incidental expenses 41,246 dollars; the transportation of the mail 438,558 dol- . lars, and the net revenue 24,178 dollars. (16) Of this amount 646,354 dollars were for the postage of letters, and 56,800 dollars for the postage of newspapers. 4 H 37g Of the Post-Offiee Establishment of the United States. "52 ■to K s '0'Or-llOlfilotO<0000<0«3tOO il °°.,<'i«=.<°Oio<<»','l'-i'-l <»<»<««) ■oo-fl-uoot'ii'OTio KctSJS rtrHlolo,^e0CT«O«)«5O«ln lo" oT «" CT CO ■** Ttf (o" <0 oT CR -J w" 00 rJ i-o'GqK r-tinoooitn-^-^o) V =3 i;:,"2 S P i; ^2" o>'="-"'>°"« ■* o ►*'»^ «Sm'^?p?^K a (3 °i'°-°5,h,°lh,'*,o° 00 00 00 c ^ '»' o^ o 00 00 tOK^Or-iSmK ** >oo>o»Wcr!NCTOT(n«5«f«?ifroJ»H*Ttc^^- ooiooocftofcorfO it " CT CO TfWuSto Kioto Tf ©!>0-«o>o 5 eopjcoeoo'oooooi-iK'^ioKT-iiocOGO'nai'-HtotOG^tooi-.K. a O « K. K O C3_ ■V^ to O rf^ttJ^ ■i^r 0_tO K. 0> cs CO ©t rteoKii-^'orK'oioo ofTfin'ioo?o?Gf>n'eftCo?(D'QO'o'tCi-< £^ «©100'*lOKOOOOOOGOK'*05G»t0O«KC0KOW00i-itOi-ltS>riOKOOOO U O. 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S7$ 'S. o re » 00 i a — tM oc -ts 60 %> p 4:1 w, s -*1 -«s .s SL. S a. 0) «.s -c ■^ s3 i Si h" So I.' ?S u ;S «J g •6 § -s R J3 <»s «) rt w s- ^ si, 00 Jn «^ a %^ u •4^ s^ a ^ V rfS g g ■S s J s 00 l;j •a :S ^ ?!P H s H •i?A n ^ !z; Q -§ s fi5 .5 « «T3 c a _2^ 5 M l6 a I I K 05 >0 M 00 00 10 (N 00 « Tf 05 "O K 1-H ■«< 10 i-H 00 GO TT 00 O K ,1 I I 00 11 O CO 00 00 00 o? I I e« 00 1 1 00 (O 12 1-1 10 >o ■oifT 00 Tl to en 10 CO o ©1 o »^ --I CO »^ rt K "o 00 ir> b^ CO i-( CO of ©1 K ©1 "o xo ei 01 ■* ■* Tf CO T-H rH CO tH £•.■= £ a "R'S s O J £° § e !i a • ttSs Sli u-3 °S."3 s ^ su « cai o a « S • * " S-c Sl ill Bi O tj PS a < xn H 0000000000000000000000000 o>oooioooooooo>o>r>oooo'o>oo>oo«i e(O'*C0K(ylCS00OjKi-H>O'-i0)'*ioOiOtD«OicnGj_>oo^cstO'^to>0't'^'*"oh-'*co tf3rSto i-TootOTrooJ o? oiiood'toOW00>o'0'')''ncOTfKOOOi-<00WtOK«>>H00OTI' .^'-i^Tl'Oiooaotoooo(S ^OlTJOOOOOloOCOeicOtOb-i-iOOrtJ^OOk^i-ltOCSlOOO OG«b»tOCOi-iWO^CR >O0J»H050000t^O(S?'O©(©IO <-? T-T cf r-T T-T rH rt T-C rH CO CO cf ^ oftsfiHtO eOtOcO«Ot005>OOKeOO»i-itOOOO'-i>0>OTl i-l«tOr-i OOtNtflOOO (S OOOtOCOCOO<■ CO S P o ^ 02H g"3o >> 380 Of the Post-Office Establishment of the United States. A STATEMENT Exhibiting a View of the Progress of the Post-Office Establishment. Weekly trans- Weekly trans- Weekly trans- - Yearly trans- THE SEVERAL PERIODS Number Length of the poitation of portatictn of portation of portation of REFERRED TO. of Post-Offices. Post roads. the Mail in Stages. the Mail in Sulkies & on Uorse-hack. the Mails. the Mails. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. March 3d, 1793 195 5,642 8,567 7.662 16,229 845,468 March 3d, 1797 539 14,226 14,902 19.708 34,610 1,799,964 March 3d, 1801 957 21,840 24,490 34,380 58,870 3,057,964 January 24th, 1803 1,283 24,458 30,172 37,228 67.400 3,504,800 January, 1807 1,848 31,616 41.528 45,000 86,528 4.499.456 February 10th, 1811 2,403 37,035 46,380 61,171 107,551 5,592,652 Increase of the last ten years 1,446 15,195 21,890 26,791 48,681 2,534,688 CHAPTER VII. OF THE REVENUES OF THE UNITED STATES. SECTION I. OF THE REVENUES IN GENERAL. Congress has power "to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises; to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts and excises, shall be uniform through- out the United States."^^) " No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken."(^) Direct taxes in the United States, are apportioned by adding to the whole number of free .persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of aU the slaves.(^) " No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state."^*) " All Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills."^*) On the 17th of February, 1776, Congress appointed a committee of five mem- bers, to superintend the Treasury. On the 11th of February, 1779, a Secretary of the Treasury was authorised ; and on the 30th of July following, an ordinance (1) Constitution of the United States, Art. I. sect. viii. cl. 1. (2) Ibid. sect. ix. cl. 4. (3) Ibid. sect. ii. cl. 3. (4) Ibid. sect. ix. cl. 5. (5) Ibid. sect. vii. cl. 1. 41 382 Of the Revenues of the United States. to establish a Board of Treasury, and for the appointment of the officers for ma- naging the finances of the United States, was passed. The principal officers of the board aforesaid, consisted of three commissioners, who were not members, and two who were members of Congress; they had the general management of the finances confided to them ; it was also their duty to prepare the estimates of the public expenditures and for the necessary supplies, ^c. On the 7th of Fe- bruary, 1781, a Superintendent of Finance was authorised to examiae iuto the state of the public debts, the public expenditures and the public revenue. In vir- tue of an ordinance passed on the 11th of September, 1781, the duties assigned to the Commissioners of the Treasury, ceased after the 20th of that month, and the Treasury was thereafter managed by the Superintendent of Finance, and the officers who were appointed to aid him id the same. On the 28th of May, 1784, a Board of Treasury was established; it consisted of three commissioners, to superintend the Treasury and manage the finances of the United States ; they were also authorised to exercise all the powers vested in the Superintendent of Finance. In 1789,(«^ a department of Treasury was estabUshed ; the principal officer was styled the « Secretary of the Treasury;" it is his duty, « to digest and prepare plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the ^pport of public credit; to prepare and report estimates of the public revenue, and the public expenditures; to superintend the collection of the revenue; to decide on the forms of keeping and stating accounts and making returns, and to grant under the limitations established, all warrants for monies to be issued from the Treasury, in pursuance of appropriations by law; to execute such services rela- tive to the sale of the lands^^) belonging to the United States, as may be by law requu-ed of him; to make report, and give information to either branch of the Legislature, in person or in writing, (as he may be requked), respecting all mat- ters referred to him by the Senate or House of Representatives, or which shaU appertain to his office; and generally, to perform aU such services, relative to the finances, as he shall be directed to perform." The Secretary,^") Comptrollers, Auditors, Treasurer and Register of the Trea- sury Department, are not allowed to be concerned in trade or commerce, or to be the owners in whole or in part of any sea^vessel, or to purchase pubUc lands, (6) Act 2d September. 1789; vol. ii. ch. 12. ,„..,.,. ^ , (7) The duties in relation to the lands, have been transferred to the Commissioner of the General Land Office; see Act 25th April, 1812 ; vol. iv. ch. 391. . . . a . c.i. ^ (8) When the Treasury Department was first established, an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury was authorised; this office was abolished, by Act 8th May, 1792; vol. ii. ch. 138. Of the Revenues of the United States. 888 or other public property, or to-be concerned in the purchase or disposal of any public securities of any state or of the United States. The clerks in the depart- ment, are not permitted to trade in the funds or debts of the United States, or of any state, or in any kind of public property. In 1800,(^) the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to prepare and lay before Congress, at the commencement of every session, a report on the subject of finance, containing estimates of the public revenue and public expenditures, and plans for improving or increasing the revenues, for the purpose of giving information to Congress, in adopting modes of raising the money required to meet the public expenditures. In 1806,^^"^ the Secretary of the Treasury was directed, to cause assays of such foreign gold and silver coins as were made current,' to be made in the mint, at least once in every year, and to lay them before Congress. The above are the permanent duties, assigned by Congress to the Secretary of the Treasury. The revenues of the United States, have been produced from the following sources, viz: I. The Customs, consisting of several branches, viz .• 1. The duties imposed on merchandise imported into the United States. 2. The duties imposed on the tonnage of vessels. a. Light money. This duty was imposed, in 1804,C") upon all vessels, not of the United States, when they enter our ports, and amounts to fifty cents per ton. In 1815, we had forty-eight Ught-houses established vnthin the United States; additions are made under the authority of Congress, whenever circum- stances require them. 4. Fees for passports and clearances, authorised by the act of 1st of June, 1796. 5. Fines, penalties and forfeitures, incurred under various acts of Congress. 6. Unclaimed merchandise. All merchandise, which remains on board, at the expiration of fifteen working days, after a vessel has been reported, is taken into the custody of the inspector, to be dehvered to the collector of the district, who must receipt for the same. The merchandise, after having been so kept nine months, is appraised and sold at pubhc auction; the amount of the duties thereon is retained, and the surplus is paid into the Treasury, for the use of the owner, who, upon due proof of the property, is entitled to receive it.^^^^ (9) Act 10th May, 1800; vol. iii. ch. 212. (10) Act 10th April, 1806; vol. iv. ch. 22. (11) Act 27th March, 1804; vol. iii. ch. 410. (12) Act 2d March, 1799; sect. 56. vol. ii. ch. 62. *84 Of the Re-venues of the United States. 7. Marine Hospital money. The seamen who are employed on board any vessel of the United States, whether engaged in the foreign or coasting trade, must contribute twenty cents per month, to the Marine Hospital Fund, for the relief of sick and disabled seamen of the United States. The amount afore- said, must be paid by the master to the collector, before the vessel is admitted to an entry, and may be retained out of the wages of the seamen.^") 8. Surplus official emoluments. II. The Internal Revenues, including 1. The duties imposed on spirits distilled, and on stills employed within the United States. 2. Duties on licenses granted to retailers of wines, spirituous liquors, and foreign merchandise. 3. Duties on carriages for the conveyance of persons. 4. Duties on snuff manufactured, and on snufF mills, and other implements employed in the manufacture of snuff within the United States. 5. Duties on sugar refined within the United States. 6. Duties on sales at auction. 7. Duties on stamped paper, veUum or parchment. 8. Direct tax. 9. Duties on goods, wares, and merchandise, manufactured within the United States. 10. Duties on household furniture, and on gold and silver watches. H. Duties on gold, silver, and plated wares and jewellery, and paste work manufactured within the United States. 12. Postage of letters. 13. Monies arising from the sales of the pubUc lands. 44. Fees on letters patent granted by the United States. III. Loans authorised by the Acts of Congress. IV. Treasury Kotes authorised to he issued. V. Miscellaneous Receipts, viz: For debts due to the United States, under the late government ; the proceeds from the stock held in the late and present banks of the United States ; the dividends arising from bank stock, the property of the United States ; interest (13) Act 16th July, 1798; vol. iii. ch. 94. Of the Revenues of the United States. 385 arising from remittances to Europe on account of the six per cent, stock; profits arising on the cents and half cents struck at the mint ; interest due on notes, and surplus gained on remittances in gold; repayments into the Treasury; proceeds from the sales of public stores, prizes, revenue cutters, and public armed vessels, together with sundry other incidental sources. SECTION 11. OF THE DUTIES LAID ON MERCHANDISE IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED STATES, This subject very soon received the attention of Congress. Immediately after the members, who were returned at the first session of the first Congress, had qualified, the House of Representatives resolved itself into a committee of the whole on the state of the Union, and considered the following resolution, viz : " That certain duties ought to be laid on goods, wares and merchandise import- ed into the United States, and on the tonnage of vessels." In 1789, an act, for laying a duty on merchandise imported, was passed. (**^ By subsequent acts the several rates of the duties, on merchandise imported, were modified ; for all which the reader is referred to the acts following, viz : of the 10th of August, 1790, vol. ii. ch. 66; 2d May, 1792, vol. ii. ch. 128; 27th February, 1793, vol. ii. ch. 160; 5th June, 1794, vol. ii. ch. 227; 7th June, 1794, vol. ii. ch. 230; 29th January, 1795, vol. ii. ch. 258; 3d March, 1797, vol. ii. ch. 358; 13th May, 1800, vol. iii. ch. 220; 3d March, 1804, vol. iii. eh. 410; 26th March, 1804, vol. iii. ch. 399; 3d March, 1807, vol. iv. ch. 85; 4th March, 1808, vol. iv. ch. 132; 1st July, 1812, vol. iv. ch. 435; 25th Fe- bruary, 1813, vol. iv. ch. 495; 2d August, 1813, vol. iv. ch. 577. In 1816,(15) all the duties before laid on merchandise imported into the Uni- ted States, ceased after the 30th of June ; and the following were thenceforth directed to be levied, collected and paid, viz : 1. Seroen and a half per centum ad valorem, on all dyeing drugs, and materials fl4) Act 4th July, ir89j vol. ii. ch. 2. (15) Act 27th April, 1816. 4 K 886 Of the Revenues of the United States. for composing dyes, not subject to other rates of duty; gum arable, gum Sene- gal, salt-petre; jewellery, gold, silver, and other watches, and parts of watches; gold and silver lace, embroidery and epaulettes ; precious stones and pearls of all kinds, set or not set; Bristol stones or paste work, and all articles composed wholly or chiefly of gold, silver, pearl and precious stones; and laces, lace veils, lace shawls, or shades of thread or silk, 2. Fifteen per cefitum ad valorem, on gold leaf, and on all articles not free, and not subject to any other rate of duty. 3. Twenty per centum ad valorem, on hempen cloth or sail cloth (except Russian and German linens, Russia and Holland duck) stockings of wool or cot- ton, printing types, all articles manufactured from brass, copper,^^^) iron,('^) steel, pewter, lead or tin, or of which these metals, or either of them, is the material of chief value ; brass wire, cutlery, pins, needles, buttons, button moulds, and buckles of aU kinds ; gilt, plated^'®) and japanned wares of aU kinds ; cannon, mus- kets, fire arms, and side arms; Prussian blue, china ware, earthen ware, stone ware, porcelain and glass manufactures^**) other than window glass and black glass quart bottles. 4. Twenty-Jive per centum ad valorem, on woollen manufactures of all de- scriptions, or of which wool is the material of chief value, excepting blankets, wooUen rugs, and worsted or stuff" goods, shall be levied, collected and paid, fi-om and after the 30th day of June next, until the 30th day of June, 1819, and after that day twenty per centum on the said articles, and on cotton manufac- tures of aU descriptions, or of which cotton is the material of cliief value, and on cotton twist, yarn, or thread, as follows, viz : for three years next ensuing the 30th day of June next, a duty of twenty-five per centum ad valorem; and after the expiration of the three years aforesaid, a duty of twenty per centum ad valorem: Provided, That all cotton cloths, or cloths of which cotton is the material of chief value, excepting nankeens imported directly fi^om China, the original cost of which at the place whence imported, with the addition of twenty per centum, if imported from the Cape of Good Hope or from places beyond it, and of ten per cent, if imported from any other place, shall be less than twenty- five cents per square yard, shall, with such addition, be taken and deemed to have cost twenty-five cents per square yard, and shall be charged with duty accord- ingly: Provided also, that all unbleached and uncoloured cotton twist, yam or thread, the original cost of which shall be less than sixty cents per pound, shall be deemed and taken to have cost sixty cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty accordingly; and all bleached or coloured yam, the original cost of >vhich shall have been less than seventy-five cents per pound, shall be taken (16) See postea, p. 391; Of the Revenues of the United States. , 387 and deemed to have cost seventy-five cents per pound, and shall be charged with duty accordingly: And provided further, That cotton piece goods, import- ed in ships or vessels of the United States, which shall have sailed from the United States before the passage of this act, and shall arrive therein between the 30th d9,y of June, 1816, and the 1st day of June, 1817, the original cost of which cotton piece goods, at the place whence imported, shall have been less than ;twenty-five cents per square yard, shall be admitted to entry, subject only to a duty of thirty-three and a third per centum on the cost of the said cotton piece goods in India, and on the usual addition of twenty per centum on that cost. In 1818,^"') the provisions contained m the preceding paragraph, (4.) were continued until the 30th of June, 1826. 5. Thirty per centum ad valorem, on umbrellas, parasols of whatever materials made, and sticks or frames for umbrellas or parasols; bonnets and caps for women, fans, feathers, ornaments for head dresses, artificial flowers, millmery of all sorts; hats or caps of wool, fur, leather, chip, straw, or silk; cosmetics, washes, balsams, perfiimes ; painted floor cloths, mats of grass or flags ; saUad oil, pickles, capers, olives, mustard; comfits, or sweetmeats, preserved m sugar or brandy; wafers, cabinet wares, and all manufactures of wood; carriages of aU descriptions, and parts thereof; leather, and all manufactures of leather, or of which leather is the material of chief value ; saddles, bridles, harness ; paper of every description, paste board, paper hangings, blank books, parchment, val- lum ; brushes, canes, walking sticks, whips ; and clothing ready made. And in aU cases where an ad valorem duty shall be charged, it shall be calculated on the net cost of the article, at the place whence imported (exclusive of packages, commissions, and all charges) with the usual addition established by law, of twenty per centum on aU merchandise, imported from places beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and of ten per centum on articles imported from aU other places. 6. The following duties, severally and specifically : on ale, beer and porter, in bottles, fifteen cents per gallon ; on ale, beer and porter, imported otherwise than in bottles, ten cents per gallon; on alum,('') one dollar per hundred weight; on almonds, three cents per pound; on black glass quart bottles, one hundred and forty-four cents per groce; on boots, one dollar and fifty cents per pak; on bristles, three cents per pound; on playing cards, thirty cents per pack; on tar- red cables and cordage, three cents per pound ; on untarred cordage, yarns, twine, pack-thread, and seines, four cents per pound ; on tallow candles, three cents per pound ; on wax and spermaceti candles, six cents per pound ; on Chinese (17) Act 20th_ April, 1818. (18) See postea, p. 391. 388 Of the Revenues of the United States. -cassia, six cents per pound; on cinnamon, twenty-five cents per pound; on cloves, twenty-five cents per pound; on cheese, nine cents per pound; on cho- colate, three cents per pound; on cocoa, two cents per pound; on coal, five cents per heaped bushel; on copperas, one dollar per hundred weight; on cop- per rods, bolts, spikes or nails, and composition rods, bolts, spikes or nails, four cents per pound; on coffee five cents per pound; on cotton, three cents per pound; on currants, three cents per pound; on figs, three cents per pound; on foreign caught fish, one dollar per quintal; on mackarel, one dollar and fifty cents per barrel; on salmon, two dollars per barrel, and all other pickled fish, one dollar per barrel ; on window glass, not above eight inches by ten inches in size, two dollars and fifty cents per hundred square feet ; on the same, not above ten inches by twelve inches in size, two dollars and seventy-five cents per hun- dred square feet ; on the same, if above ten inches by twelve inches in size, three dollars and twenty-five cents per hundred square feet; on glue, five cents per pound; on gim-powder, eight cents per pound; on hemp, one dol- lar and fifty cents per hundred weight; on iron or steel wire, not exceed- ing number eighteen, five cents per pound, and over number eighteen, nine cents per pound ; on iron, in bars and bolts,^'^' excepting iron manufactured by rolling, forty-five cents per hundred weight ;(") on iron in sheets, rods and hoops, two dollars and fifty cents per hundred weight, and in bars or bolts, when manufactured by rolling, and on anchors,^'''^ one dollar and fifty cents per hundred weight; on indigo, fifteen cents per pound; on lead, in pigs, bars or sheets, one cent per pound; on shot manufactured of lead, two cents per pound; on red and white lead, dry or ground in oil, three cents per pound ; on mace, one dollar per pound ; on molasses, five cents per gallon ; on nails,^ ^^^ three cents per pound ; on nutmegs, sixty cents per pound ; on pepper, eight cents per pound; on pimento, six cents per pound; on plumbs and prunes, three cents per pound ; on muscatel raisins, and raisins in jars and boxes, three cents per pound ; on all other raisins, two cents per pound ; on salt, twenty cents per bushel of fifty-six pounds ; on ochre, dry, one cent per pound, in oil, one and a half cents per pound; on steel, one dollar per hundred weight; on cigars, two dollars and fifty cents per thousand; on spirits, from grain, of first proof, forty- two cents per gallon ; of second proof, forty-five cents per gallon ; of thuxl proo^ forty-eight cents per gallon; of fourth proof, fifty-two cents per gallon; of fifth proof, sixty cents per gallon; above fifth proof, seventy-five cents per gallon; on spirits from other materials than grain, of first and second proof, thirty-eight cents per gallon; of third proof, forty-two cents per gallon; of fourth proo^. (19) See postea, p. 391. Of the Revenues of the United States. 389 farty-eight cents per gallon; of fifth proof, fifty-seven cents per gallon; above fifth proof, seventy cents per gallon ; on shoes and slippers of silk, thirty cents per pail"; on shoes and slippers of leather, twenty-five cents per pair; on shoes and slippers for children, fifteen cents per pair; on spikeSj^^") two cents per pound ; on soap, three cents per pound ; on brown sugar, three cents per pound; on white clayed or powdered sugar, four cents per pound; on lump sugar, ten cents per pound ; on loaf sugar and on sugar candy, twelve cents per pound; on snufF, twelve cents per pound; on taUow, one cent per pound; on tea from China, in ships or vessels of the United Stases, as fol- lows, viz: bohea, twelve cents per poimd; souchong and other black, twenty- five cents per pound ; imperial, gun-powder, and gomee, fifty cents per pound ; hyson and young hyson, forty cents per pound; hyson skin and other green, twenty-eight cents per pound; on teas, from any other place, or in any other than ships or vessels of the United States, as follows, viz : bohea, fourteen cents per pound; souchong and other black, thirty-four cents per pound; imperial, gunpowder, and gomee, sixty-eight cents per pound; hyson and young hyson, fifty-six cents per pound; hyson skin and other green, thirty-eight cents per pound; on manufactured tobacco, other than snuff" and cigars, ten cents per pound; on whiting and Paris white, one cent per pound; on wine, as follows, viz: on Madeira, Burgundy, Champaign, Rhenish and Tokay, one dollar per gallon; on Sherry and St. Lucar, sixty cents per gallon; on other wine, not enumerated, when imported in bottles or cases, seventy cents per gallon ; on Lisbon, Oporto, and on other wines of Portugal, and those of Sicily, fifty cents per gallon; on Tenerifie, Fayal, and other wines of the western islands, forty cents per gallon ; on aU other wines when imported otherwise than in cases and bottles, twenty- five cents per gallon; on Russia duck,(2°) (not exceeding fifty-two archeens each piece) two dollars ; on ravens duck, (not exceeding fifty-two archeens each piece) one dollar twenty-five cents ; on Holland duck,(®°) (not exceeding fifty-two archeens each piece) two dollars and fifty cents ; on spermaceti oil of foreign fishing, twenty-five cents per gallon ; on whale and other fish oil, of foreign fishing, fifteen cents per gallon; and on olive oil in casks, at twenty-five cents per gallon. The following articles may be imported free of duties, viz : All articles imported for the use of the United States; philosophical apparatus, ijistruments, books, maps, charts, statues, busts, casts, pamtings, drawings, en- (20) Seepostea, p. 391. 4 L 390 Of the Revenues of the United States. gravings, specimens of sculpture, cabinets of coins, gems, medals, and all other collections of antiquities, statuary, modelling, painting, drawing, etching or en^ graving, specially imported, by order and for the use of any society incorporated for philosophical or literary purposes, or for the encouragement of the fine arts, or by order and for the use of any seminary of learning; specimens in natural history, mineralogy, botany, and anatomical preparations, models of machinery and other inventions, plants and trees; wearing apparel, and other personal baggage in actual use, and the implements or tools of trade, of persons arriving in the United States ; regulus of antimony ; bark of the cork tree, unmanufactur- ed; animals imported for breed; burr stones, un wrought; gold coin, silver coin, and bullion; clay, unwrought; copper, imported in any shape for the use of the mint, copper and brass in pigs, bars, or plates, suited to the sheathing of ships, old copper and brass, and old pewtei', fit only to be remanufactured; tin, in pigs or bars; furs, undressed, of all kinds; raw hides and skins; lapis calaminaris; plaster of paris, rags of any kind of cloth, sulphur or brimstone, baiilla, Brazil wood, braziletto, redwood, camwood, fustic, logwood, nicaragua, and other dye woods, wood unmanufactured of any kind, zinc, teutenague or spelter. An addition of ten per centum is made to the several rates of duties, above specified and imposed, in respect to all merchandise, on the importation of which, in American or foreign vessels, a specific discrimination has not been already made, which, after the said 30th of June, 1816, shall be imported in vessels not of the United States; provided, that this additional duty shall not apply to merchandise imported in vessels not of the United States, entitled by treaty, or by any act or acts of Congress, to be entered into the ports of the United States, on the payment of the same duties as are paid on merchandise imported in vessels of the United States. A drawback of the duties on merchandise imported into the United States, is allowed upon the exportation thereof; provided, the duties have been paid, or secured on all merchandise exported with benefit of di-awback, and that the exportation thereof, to a foreign country, shall take place mthin twelve calendar months fi*om the date of importation ; no drawback is allowed, unless the duties have amounted to fifty dollars, or m the case of mercliandise imported in foreign vessels, fi-om any of the dominions, colonies or possessions of any foreign power, to, and with which, the vessels of the United States are not permitted to go and trade; nor is it allowed for the amount of the additional duties imposed on merchandise imported in vessels not of the United States, or in case of foreign dried and pickled fish, and other salted provisions, fish oU and playing cards; nor on any wines or spirits, unless they have been warehoused. ('^'^ Two and a half per (21) Act 20th April, 1818, Of the Revenues of the United States. 391 centum are deducted and retained from the amount of the duties on merchan- dise exported, with the benefit of drawback, (other than spirits) ; in the case of spirits exported with the benefit of drawback, two cents per gallon are retained upon the quantity of spirits, and also three per centum on the amount of duties payable on the importation thereof. The rights and privileges, which have been or may be acquired by any foreign nation, under the laws and treaties of the United States, upon the subject of exporting merchandise from the United States, with a benefit of the drawback of the duties payable upon the importation thereof, are not in any wise impaired. In all cases of entry of merchandise, for the benefit of drawback, twenty days are allowed, from the date of the entry, for giving the exportation bond for the same ; in every other particular, the exporter must comply with the regulations and formalities, heretofore estabhshed, for entries of exportation, for the benefit of drawback. In 1818,(^2^ after the 30th of June, all the duties formerly laid on the articles hereinafter enumerated, ceased, and in lieu thereof, the following were directed to be levied and collected thereon, viz : on articles manufactured from copper, or of which copper is the material of chief value, and on silver plated saddlery, coach and harness furniture, twenty-five per centum ad valorem ; on cut glass, thirty per centum ad valorem ; on tacks, brads and sprigs, not exceeding sixteen ounces to the thousand, five cents on every thousand thereof; on those exceeding sixteen ounces the thousand, the same duty as on nails ; on brown Russia sheeting, not exceeding fifty-two archeens in each piece, one dollar and sixty cents per piece ; on white Russia sheeting, not exceeding fifty-two archeens in each piece, two doUars and fifty cents per piece. In the same year,(^^^ the duties laid on the articles hereinafter enumerated, ceased on the 36th of June, and the following rates were thereafter directed to be levied and collected oh the same, viz: on iron in pigs, fifty cents per hundi^ed weight; on iron castings, seventy-five cents per hundred weight; on nails, four cents per pound; on spikes, three cents per pound; on iron in bars and bolts, manufactured without rolling, seventy-five cents per hundred weight ; on anchors, two cents per pound ; and on alum, two doUars per hundred weight. An addition of ten per centum was made to the new duties imposed in 1818, when the merchandise is imported in foreign vessels. For the acts to regulate the collection of duties on imports and tonnage, see acts of 2d March, 1799, vol. ii. ch. 62; 3d March, 1801, vol. iii. ch. 253; 22d February, 1805, vol. iii. ch. 432; and 20th of April, 1818. {22) Act 20th April, 18J8, 392 Of the Revenues of the United States. The following comparative Statement exhibits a view of the Revenues of the United States, derived from Foreign Commerce, for two periods, during the firstof which, viz: from 1804 to 1807, both inclusive, that commerce was unrestricted in as far as regards Legislative Acts; and from 1808 to 1811, both in- clusive, during which the restrictive measures, enacted by Congress, were in operation.(^J The average annual gross product of duties on merchandise imported . . . The average annual amount of debentures issued for drawback on merchandise imported _ The average annual amount of bounties and allowances ._ . The average annual product of duties on merchandise imported, after deducting drawbacks, bounties, &c _• The average of the annual product Of the ad valorem duties, including the Medi- terranean fund, after deducting drawbacks, bounties, &c. . ..... The average annual product of the Mediterranean fund, after deducting draw- backs, bounties, &c _ Tlie average annual product of the specific duties, after deducting drawbacks, bounties, &c The average annual product of the 3i per cent, retained on drawback . . . The average annual product of the additional duty of 10 per cent, on merchan- dise imported in foreign viessels The average annual product of duties on merchandise imported in American vessels, after deducting drawback, bounties, &c . . . The average annual product of duties on merchandise imported in foreign vessels The average annual product of duties on tonnage The average annual product of light money The average annual expenses on collection Daring the 4 years from 1804 to 180r inclusire. Daring the 4 years from 1808 to 1811 inelaiiVe. Dolls. 24,226,091 8,714,073 192,700 15,319,317 6,536,975 968,066 8,265,737 318,917 197,687 13,144,754 2,174,563 160,660 51,869 564,813 Dolls. 13,423,774 2,755,602 53,036 9,615,135 4,316,329 692,299 5,073,278 100,203 125,323 8,236,575 1,378,559 169,135 32,165 479,633 During the ten years, fi'om 1791 to 1800, both inclusive, the total net amount received into the Treasury from the customs was 72,070,793 dollars, or annually on the average often years, 7,207,079 dollars; during the ten years, from 1801 to 1810 both inclusive, the total net amount received was 122,943,981 dollars, or annually, on the average of the ten years, 12,294,398 dollars; and during the twenty years, from 1791 to 1810, both inclusive, the net amount received, was 195,014,774 dollars, or annually, on the average of the twenty years, 9,750,738 dollars. Smce the adoption of the present government, the year 1814, in rela- tion to the receipts from the customs, was the least productive, and amounted only to 4,415,362 doUars; that of 1815 was the most productive, and amounted to 37,695,625 dollars and 40 cents. The revenue derived from the customs, from the 4th of March, 1789, to the 31st of December, 1814, amounted in the aggregate, to 221,357,438 doUars and (23) Letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, 12th February, 1816. Of the Revenues of the United States. 393 99 cents; and constituted 65 per centum of the aggregate amount received into the treasury of the United States, from every branch of revenue. The revenues derived from the customs in Great Britain, after deducting the sums obtained as loans, did not exceed 25 per centum of the public income. During the period aforesaid, the sums which were obtained as loans in the United States, including the amount issued in treasuiy notes, were 91,694,546 doUars and 90 cents, and constituted 26.92 per centum of the receipts into the treeisury above mentioned; the receipts during the same period, from every other branch of revenue, includ- ing the internal revenue, direct taxes, postage, the proceeds from the sales of public lands, ^c. constituted only 8.08 per centum of our national income. The expenses of collection of the revenue derived from the customs, on the average of 10 years, from 1791 to 1800, both inclusive, amounted annually to 3.79 per centum; on the average of the 10 years, from 1801, to 1810, both in- clusive, to 4.19 per centum, and on the average of the 20 years, from 1791 to 1810, both inclusive, to 4.04 per centum.^^) (24) In 1783 in Great Britain In 1808, in Great Britain Persons. The Excise produced ^5,222,000 & employed 4,985 Direct taxes do. 516,000 and do. 263 Customs do. 3,375,000 and do. 3,450 Stamps do. 726,000 and do. 215 Post-Office do. 148,000 and do. 155 Persons. ^22,784,000 employing 5,043 16,747,000 do. 438 8,797,000 do. 4,317 4,512,000 do. 358 1,076,000 do. 339 ^10,087,000 9,068 • ^53,916,000 10,495 Increase of the Revenue ^43,829,000, and of the Persons employed 1,427. In 1797, the expenses of collection, was stated by the Committee of Finance, to be on the gross receipt, as follows, viz : £ s. d. The Customs 6 2 6 per cent. Stamps 4 17 7 ditto. Excise 4 12 1 ditto. Taxes 3 12 5 ditto. £ s. d. In 1799, the Customs 5 12 4 per cent. Stamps 3 15 ditto. Excise 3 14 6 ditto. [Rose, on the Revenue, Commerce, Sfc. of Great Britai7i, p. 50, et seq.} 4 M 394 Of the Revenues of the United States. A aTATEMEJ\rT Showing the aggregate amount, derived from the Customs, paid into the Treasury of the United States, during ten years, from 1801 to 1810 both inclusive, by the States respectively; together with the annual average amount thereof; and the proportion, which the paym£nts made by each State respectively, bore to the aggregate amount so paid by the States collectively. STATES. Aggregate amount paid into the treasury, during 10 years, from 1801 to ISIO both inclusiTe. Amount paid annually, on the average of the 10 years, from 1801 to 1810. The i>roportion which was paid by eaeh State respectively, compared with the total amount p^d, during the 10 years by the States collectively. Ne w-Hampshire Massachusetts . Vermont . . Rhode Island . Connecticut New-York . . New-Jei-sey Pennsylvania . Delaware . . Maryland . . Virginia . . . North Carolina South Carolina . Georgia . . . Kentucky . . Ohio .... Tennessee . . Louisianat"^ . . Dolls. Cts. 923,416 49 26,330,069 98 20,159 49 2,830,386 36 2.728,544 66 38,548,926 54 85,159 21 21,771,116 11 434,181 72 9,993,954 42 5,813,590 47 1,428,239 29 6,267,131 24 2,183,791 55 2,244 98 4,268 65 574 64 Dolls. Cts. 92,341 64 2,633,006 99 2,015 94 283,038 63 272,854 46 3,854,892 65 8,515 92 2,177,111 61 43,418 17 999,395 44 581,359 04 142,823 92 626,713 12 218,379 15 224 49 426 86 ^7 46 0.75 21.41 0.16 2.30 2.21 31.35 0.06 17.70 0.35 8.12 4.72 l.W 5.09 1.77 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 (25) Prior to 1804, no payments were made from Louisiana; the receipts for the seven years, from 1804 to 1810 inclusive, amounted to the aggregate sum of 1,604,356 dollars and 72 cents, and were returned on account of " the Territory of Orleans." Of the Revenues of the United States. 395 ^ Amount of surplus of- ficial emo- luments. S oj 2 2 S2 o' ■" '^ '^ »^ •* ''J c ■* ■« Q Ol 0? Tf Amount of ma- rine hospital money. «' tOi-HOOooi-iKTfiyit-iTftoooco'* Q >0 ©! Oi 0> O ■* ■^ Tf CO « Tf lo K K "VCTOioO-^inoJOtOi-iOlOrt" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I |lOt,0rHOGq»^T-O>O000 ■* K, r5ioif5to;ocots.'f>'OTt<©ti-Hoq Amount re- ceived from captora, be- ing two per cent, on the net proceeds of prize ves- sels and goods a o> "O to i-< ii oi ix m h~ J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ilSJI 'S 00 of 10 p «o m o>ocoTt"oo'!t"ioQOoo-*toaiO 1 , , 1 , itO-*C000Ot0rfC0r)t^C0Oc0t^OJlO , ■OKt^oqcOtOCOGOOt^tNOrtOCOtOOiO ^ ' ' ' ' ' 'o»'*tOTf>Ot5>mcSOOtOO!T)CO'-ii-l«tO©l' 11 ^ioi-icnKoqo>Wcooo05K>«cootoco>oa>'*ooooo05i-HO £jt^t0Tf©I©!r-lrtG«c0Oc0i-i0)O»^00C0OK00lOiO-*00t^ ■*OiT-(05cot-.cOOitOO>cOcocO-*i^Kr-iG«»OtO'>*'0>OOltO COi-^GOO^i^GOT-'OSG^OOCTtOS'^G^tOO^CO'OO'^COOGOCOOO ^.C000l^tOO5 O r-l CK 1-1 Duties on pas- ports and clearances. s §§S§§8§§§S§§S§SgS88S 1 1 , , (COtDoooon'ootNtotOTfootOTfO'j't^ooototo 1 1 o 00 t, T-H o CO 00 to to lo 1-c <35 oo to -qi tn cq ■* 0? o ■» "i "i '-'i "5, °9, "i °i °i ''i °i ''i ""i '^ "^ "^ ►^ t'' to K o S ■"^cOO^ofTfoOcOTrKTooOO? ofco'orrl''co' CO Q 1-* THl-tT--i>oooooa>i-Hoooo J 111 II mil iiiiiiig|||iii 3 Oi di 0^ <£ tS i-( tS aa -rf to -^ en ^ ■* lf> lO Tf ©1 lO .^ rt ©! If) S o Si a ^oo>o(Saoooaioooai'-HOi'*ooi-Heon-i>ooo©(rtcoooo>rtin g©(OOG?MC0K»^t0-HC0tOG00>c0O!N'*O5'!j'tO00 e0>O00C00»TjllOC000C0i^tO0iO50>C000i-IO5O>O'!fG«00m OitOOr-oOlOtOloaitN-^tOcotS-^OXNtOOtyiOST-ioSS .CO, tn tO^^__00_00_tO W tO_^lO_rt_^©! to q_05 K ^OSOOOOOrrioCTS e:«5 KO OtO Ot CO K'oocoooco'toototOGfcoc?oo'>OT-ra?coKr OK>0OCDtOO>GqWOP3S2o PcOrtT-l rH rt rt ^rt ,-4 rt rt rH rt .-( rtrtrWrttST-llO Duties from the Mediterranean fund. (26) ■S rjtjOOrtOTftoeitob^ioio 2 to>ocooi-HT-irtrtcocooeo . I 1 I 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 I l22SgSS§Sg|j;fe2 n tOCSco_^T:f>Ot^co>fjtOrti-< Duties on mer- chandise exclu- sive of the Medi- terranean fund. t^0qif>i-HQ0C0G?0iS.00K00r-*00^KOTj<0iOOCTjtD00tOh^ -^tOCOO)<5^-H;Oi-HtO^,^0>^oJiSS>o¥^0^§OaO S?'22^P?>;3I!5?'F>'^°'^o°'<^°^»^'^'^ooo?coGJo Sfc35Sfe^SS2Sh2'='^ri'"'^<"®'«'"«=ooooa)to _^t!3^0-*COCOT-J_Cn;i-<_C5KcOi-<_COt3«OOlO 00 >0 K CO 00 K "o tp »^ = raraicoooCTi--itoofr-rcoTfoo>otoo?«^C3-ro' oO)C00500tOOOtOOiOOO)TftOOOOl(NCTtD-*to5ob;o5S ►''^''i''^''5,'^''l'^"^'^^"'2,°'i'^°?,'N°o'"'^oo(y!ooco&!c!)0 to-crtoc?TfTjro50?-5fio'c?o'ioor'5)>''tC'w'oo' ,Hr-(rtT-4rtrt©!rtrt^«GqOrtWcoTfio pip>cipg5p5aipig>oooooooooort,-(rtrt^TH b,Kb,K»^»^KKKcoa5ooooooaoooooooooooootnoooooo .s i;r , « o I— I o e^ £3 trf > S o3 :s °^'bt« S rt * c -2 to t, t« o h: .» tn -a o cs .-* 00 't^ fl Is ■* s |. s ".§ 2 o 00 -- OJ J^ 'S'S s Is ^-^ ^ to e _ *> S -w :S a- o x ^ tfi 9) si S 3 s s °" c S 03 C 1h J.ri B 41.2 • g-Q tS -2.2J § 5 c m tj to -13 P :3 396 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement of the PAYMENTS Allowance to ves- To the 3l8t of De- Drawback on ex- Drawback on do- sels employed cember in each Debentures is- Debentures is- ported domes- tic distilled spi- . rits, in conside- ration of the mestic refined Bounty on ex- in the Fishe- year. sued for draw- back on mer- sued for draw- back on the Mediterranean Drawback on do- mestic manu- factured snuff sugar exported; in consideration of the import ported pickled fish and provi- sions; in consi- ries; in conside- ration of the import on the ported. fund. impoL*t on mo- lasses. exported. on brown su- gar. deration of the import on salt. salt used for curing dried fish. Dolls. Cu. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cu. 1791 69,805 85 ^_ — _ — — 29,682 51 — 1792 137,861 57 -^ 136,428 21 — — 44,772 17 — 1793 279,809 83 89,051 70 — — 16,731 16 72,965 32 1794 1,615,574 44 42.641 97 — — 13,767 85 93,768 91 1795 3,898,765 79 49,247 55 — 4,329 12 14,854 81 66,280 47 1796 4,784,050 12 117,014 98 5,214 87 21,098 36 16,998 99 76,889 63 1797 4,207,728 43 69,135 54 14,702 33 12,796 13 12,398 53 80,475 76 1798 4.799,498 27 42,267 80 630 06 3,279 80 19,220 12 94,684 30 1799 5,780,662 72 _» 56,400 34 — 4,984 42 20,769 15 128,605 87 1800 6,193,725 52 « 80,076 0) — 5,783 86 18,325 21 87,853 45 1801 6.832,399 27 37.699 33 — 9,432 58 28,586 38 74,520 92 1802 6,087,465 42 91,919 63 — 16,729 28 29,700 63 104,447 92 1803 2,610,661 06 .__ 24,957 56 — 6.828 48 34,790 04 117.173 57 1804 5,112,714 18 810 54 710 05 — 441 50 46,922 90 145,986 93 1805 8,012,837 12 137,584 17 — — — 37,746 32 152,927 72 1806 9,465,904 11 243,645 78 63 68 — 181 69 37,133 72 162,191 99 1807 9,727,351 80 268,207 35 — — — 27.414 03 161,254 17 1808 3,347,400 44 95,863 28 — — — 17,240 66 142,911 89 1809 4,076,605 01 74,800 20 — — — 2,423 67 47,166 11 1810 3,613,015 35 76,847 82 — — — 508 35 3.406 44 1811 2,253,976 90 101,231 94 — — — 784 13 — 1812 1,744,324 52 38,266 44 — — ■"" — — 1813 1,013,091 46 2,695 29 — — — "~ — — 1814 86,614 95 394 78 — — "— - — — * — 1815 822,076 86 915 39 ^^~ ~ 1,811 74 Of the Revenues of the United States. 897 Customs, continued. FOR Mediterranean fund Light money- Duties on merchan- Interest paid on Expenses attending Prosecutions. Expenses on collec- Net amount of the refaoded. refunded. dise refunded. Treasury notes. tion of the customs. Customs. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. ^-^ _ __ 490 62 239,541 03 6.534.263 84 — — — — 178 15 161,754 79 4.614,924 63 — — — — 552 89 188,362 13 6,073,512 59 — — — . — 1,038 37 221.090 23 6,683,313 86 ~- — — — 486 31 260.359 28 7,959,409 70 — — — — 1,271 59 291,206 91 7,368.120 94 — — «_ 2,323 34 343,434 26 8,258,111 43 — ^" — 184 10 375,879 33 6,192,447 22 — — — 615 05 412,183 45 9.035,348 01 — — . — 3,940 70 440.373 62 9,351,346 96 — — — 127 06 482,772 70 13,362,702 40 „ — — — 700 08 492,205 55 8,327,260 03 — — — 1,278 52 405,536 37 11,322,427 39 _^ — — ' — 1.912 45 488,333 24 14,996,965 03 .^ — — — 1,147 03 557,541 94 14,979,880 49 _^ — — — 665 90 613,785 88 16,015,317 66 — — — 24,883 51 615,621 71 16,492,889 07 — — — — 3,057 57 565,235 14 7,405,481 64 — — — — 5,774 56 498.130 77 7,258,201 44 — — — — 10,659 44 437,208 72 12,782,859 44 — — — — 2,807 37 441,129 02 7,888,827 34 40 18 51 00 539 21 — 4,019 31 477.726 57 13,059,855 31 — — 1,389 27 1,687 03 3,767 92 414,171 88 6,588,852 90 — — 18,482 14 6,017 73 7,193 75 352,561 14 4,415.362 68 ■^ ^~ 21,393 44 22,874 89 11,138 25 476.007 01 37.695.625 40 4 N 398 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (A.), showing the value and quantities respectively of Merchandise on which those entitled to 1801. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Value or Amount of duty quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. Dolls. Cts. Value in dollars of goods paying duties ad valorem.'^''' .... 34,207,844 12J per cent 4,275,980 50 do. do. do. 8,815,170 15 do. 1,322,275 50 do. do. do. 504,570 20 do. 100,914 00 do. do. do. — — — do. do. do. — — — do. do. do. — — — Additional duty on the above^^' .... — — — Spirits gallons 7,608,563 27.2 cents. 2,221,064 36 Sugar lbs. 47,882,376 2i do. 1,199,384 29 Salt . bushels 2,881,803 20 do. 576,360 60 Wines gallons 1,223,721 35 do. 428,411 01 Teas lbs. 2,669,831 18.2 do. 484,636 12 Coffee do. 8,471,395 5 do. 423,569 80 Molasses gallons 5,447,645 5 do. 272,377 25 All other articles^^') .... . . — — 432,124 03 Amount retained on drawbacks . — ;="'^3| per cent 305,825 86 Extra duty of 10 per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — 256,238 46 Extra duty of ISJ per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — — Extra duty on Teas imported from other places than India ~ "" 6,298 34 (27) From the amounts of the duties, which above are stated to have accrued, for the years respectively, sundry sums should be deducted on account of " duties refunded," &c. viz, : for 1801, on account of duties refunded, 37,773 dollars 3 cents ; for 1802, the returns were wanting for several ports ; for 1803, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 16,532 dollars 92 cents ; for 1804, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 15,448 dollars 52 cents; for 1805, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 26,661 dollars 88 cents ; for 1806, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 17,400 dollars 69 cents ; for 1807, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 29,072 doU lars 35 cents ; for 1808, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 13,557 dollars 90 cents, and for salt, being ex- cess of bounties and allowances in 1807, paid in 1808, beyond the duties collected, 154,376 dollars 20 cents; in 1809, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 30,050 dollars 96 cents ; on account of teas, being excess of exportation beyond importations, 43,666 dollars 97 cents, and for salt, being excess of bounties and allowances in 1807, paid in 1809, 48,897 dollars; for 1810, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 31,082 dollars 20 cents, and for bounties and allowances paid in 1810, 2,268 dollars 5 cents; for 1811, for duties refunded and a difference of calculation, 42,468 dollars Of the Revenues of the United States. 399 duties actually accnied, consisting of the difference between articles paying duty imported, and drawback re-exported. 1802. 1803. 1804. Value or Amount of duty Value or Amount of doty Value or Amount of duly quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. Dolls. Ct3. Doll a. Cts. Dolls. Cts. ^5,377,717 12^ per cent 2,922,214 62 26,370,279 12§ per cent 3,296,284 87 30,211,367 12i- per cent 3.776.420 87 7,888,614 15 do. 1,183,292 10 7,616,432 15 do. 1,142,464 80 7,641,925 15 do. 1.146.288 75 439,830 20 do. 87,966 00 383,165 20 do. 76,633 00 425,236 20 do. 85,047 20 — — — — — — — 2|. per cent 557.446 12 7,720,232 29.2 cents 2,258,496 17 8,959,342 29 cents 2,594,259 10 10,488,696 29.2 cents 3.061.007 38 39,443,814 2J do. 975,755 61 51,066,934 2§ do. 1,290,034 16 55,070,013 2.5 do. 1.382.959 01 3,244,309 20 do. 648,861 80 2,760,648 20 do. 552,129 60 2,439,241 20. do. 487.848 20 1,912,274 33.9 do. 683,816 72 1,772,768 34 do. 603,146 06 3,003,312 31.9 do. 958.117 79 2,406,938 15.9 do. 382,699 00 3,174,370 16 do. 509,138 77 2.423,074 20. do. 485.133 40 6,724,220 5 do. 336.211 00 8,495,260 5 do. 424,763 00 6,101,191 5 do. 305,059 55 6,317,969 5 do. 315,898 45 5.963,275 5 do. 298,163 75 6,535,513 5 do. 326.775 65 — — 286,533 00 — — 509,116 38 — — 488,854 38 — 3J per cent 153,275 45 — 3| per cent 94,096 09 — 3^ per cent 245,000 56 — — 180,088 00 — — 138,731 85 — — 188,162 71 — — — — — 609 03 — — 310 40 dollars 69 cents, and for bounties and allowances. 784 dollars 13 cents ; for 1812. for duties refunded and a difference of cal- culation. 85.085 dollars 63 cents; for 1813. for duties refunded and a difference of calculation. 125,898 dollars 68 cents. The goods paying duties ad valorem at the rates of 12i, 15 and 20 per cent, gives for the average duty near 13.1 per cent. The rates of duty above mentioned for spirits, sugars, wines and teas, is the average duty chargeable on the several varieties of these articles ; spirits pay the duty according to the proof, sugar according to the quality, wines according to the kind and quality, and teas according to the kind. (28) This " additional duty," is usually termed the " Mediterranean fund ;" it was imposed by an act passed on the 26th of March, 1804 ; for account of which see the details under the section of revenue derived from the customs. (29) For the details concerning the articles embraced under this head, see postea, the Statements (B.) (30) One quarter per cent, of this amount of the , drawback, was in lieu of stamp duties, and ceased with the internal taxes. 400 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (A.) 1805. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. Value or Amount of duty quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. DoUs. Cts. Value, in dollars of goods paying duties ad valorem^''' . . . 33,506,584 12 J per cent 4,188,323 00 Do. do. do. ; 7,248.627 15 do. 1,087,294 05 Do. do. do. 405,470 20 do. 81,094 00 Do. do. do. —^ __ Do. do. do. *.. _ ,_,_, Do. do. do. ._ Additional duty on the above'^^' .... — 2J per cent 1,038,440 30 Spirits ...... . gallons 7Ml,Z07 29.2 cents 2,232,901 85 Sugar lbs. 68,046,865 2.6 do. 1,746,979 85 Salt , r . bushels 2,816,455 20 do. 563.291 00 Wines . arallons 2,604,611 30.5 do. 793,794 85 Teas . lbs. 3,354,381 19.9 do. 669,190 37 Coffee do. 4,816,274 5 do. 240,813 70 Molasses gallons 9,226,446 5 do. 461,322 30 All other articles''^) , , _ — 764,165 85 Amount retained on drawbacks , 3§ per cent 328,144 79 Extra duty of 10 per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign I vessels — — 202,937 54 Extra duty of 15J per cent, on merchandise imported in foreij ;n vessels — — . — Extra duty on Teas imported from other places than India • ' "^~ 649 08 (31) See Note 27, page 398. (32) See Note 28, page 398. (33) For the details concerning the articles embraced under this head, see postea the Statements (B.) Of the Revenues of the United States. 401 continued. 1806. 1807. 1808. Value or Amount of duty Value or Amount of duty Value or Amount of duty quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. Dolls. Ct3. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. CU. 35,844,748 12^ per cent 4,480,593 50 36,261,874 12§ per cent 4,532,734 25 17,983,125 12J per cent 2,247,880 03 8,372,528 15 do. 1,255,879 20 9,484,682 15 do. 1,422,702 30 2,622.478 15 do. 393,371 70 570,203 20 do. 114,040 60 526,112 aa do. 105,222 40 66,647 20 do. 13,329 40 — 2| per cent 1,119,560 32 — 2^ per cent 1,156,816 70 z ^ per cent 492,784 25 10,479,093 29.3 cents 3,074,398 19 9,031,018 29.4 cents 2,656,046 74 4,625,198 28.8 cents 1,333,473 71 73,318,649 2.5 cents 1,843,199 84 65,801,816 2.6 do. 1,694,432 20 84,853,633 2.6 do. 2,219,486 96 3,184,099 20. do. 636,819 80 3,542,672 14.6 do. 515,920 24 (34) — — 1,386,838 37.6 do. 521.527 02 2,692,737 30.8 do. 829,292 81 1,315,233 30.4 do. 400,484 53 4,750,881 20.3 do. 966,686 11 6,173,157 19.4 do. 1,197,966 86 4,800,142 20.3 do. 973,153 57 17,345,188 5. do. 867,259 40 11,016,419 5. do. 550,820 95 30,895,495 5. do. 1,554,774 75 8,533,590 5. do. 426,679 50 8,255,753 5. do. 417,787 65 6,456,073 5. do. 322,803 &5 _ 1,014,841 30 ^-, — _ 807,638 13 — — 841,687 37 — 3 J per cent 334,247 39 3§ per cent 368,275 50 — 3^ per cent 9,145 19 — — 196,301 05 — — 203,349 05 "^ "— 111,084 93 — — 1,201 17 - — 225 88 ~ — — (34) See Note 27, page 398. 4 402 tJfthe Revenues of the United States. Statement (A.) SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1809. Value or Amount of doty qaantity. Rate of duty. whiok accrued. Dolls. Cts. Value in dollars, of goods paying duty ad valorem <**> .... 19,458,378 12| per cent. 2,432.297 25 Do. do. do. 4,783,116 15 do. 717,467 40 Do. do. do. 313,712 20 do. 62,742 40 Do. do. do. — — — Do. do. do. — — _ Do. do. do. — — — Additional duty on the above .... — 2| per cent. 616,127 40' Spirits .... gallons 4,644,469 28.6 cents 1,327,058 58 Sugar lbs. 12,381,3£0 2.2 do. 273,925 03 Salt bushels (35) — — . Wines gallons 833,597 45.7 do. 380,961 11 Teas .... lbs. (35; — — Coffee .... do. 6,649,293 5. do. 332,464 65 Molasses .... gallons 5,336,686 5. do. 266,834 30 All other artieles^^' , — — 61,621 92 Amount retained on drawbacks . — 3| per cent. 171,227 80 Extra duty of 10 per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — 253,482 40 Extra duty of 15i^ per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — — Extra duty on teas imported from other places than India ~ ~ ~ (35) See Note 27, page 398. (36) For the details concerhing the articles embraced under this head, see postea the Statements (B.) Of the Revenues of the United States. 403 continued. 1810. 1811. • Vatae or quantity. . Rate of duty. Amount of duty which accrued. Value or quantity. Rate of duty. Amount of duty -which accrued. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 39,714,120 r,703,290 552,151 12Jper cent. 15 do. 20 do. 4,964,265 00 1,555,493 50 110,430 20 15,951,507 2,524,551 131,114 12|- per cent. 15 do. 20 do. 1,993,938 38 378,682 65 26,222 80 4,487,588 29,312,307 2|. per cent. 28.3 cents 2.5 do. 1,195,174 05 1,272,063 44 743,656 08 3,447,873 55,332,314 2J per cent. 27.6 cents 2.5 do. 465,111 32 950,603 86 1,391,731 56 1,164,592 6,647,726 5,852,082 7,651,682 34.8 do. 19.8 do. 5. do. 5. do. 3 J per cent. 405,024 41 1,314,091 17 292,604 10 382,584 10 660,276 89 139,489 33 87,779 69 1,614,654 2,557,329 17,468,398 8,500,019 31.3 do. 21.1 do. 5. do. 5. do. 3J per cent. 505,111 35 540,594 24 873,419 00 425,000 Q5 543,292 02 80,952 67 48,947 50 — — — — — — 404 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (A.) 1812. Sl'tiUlES Uf MKKUHAINUIHIS. Value or Amount of duty quantity. Rate of duty. which accrued. Dolls. Cts. Value in dollars, of goods paying duty ad valorem (37) .... 3,576,643 y^ per cent 447,080 38 Do. «To. do. 893,846 15 do. 134,076 90 Do. do. do. 49,506 20 do. 9,981 20 Do. do. do. 14,844,367 25 do. 3,711,091 75 Do. do. do. 4,354,056 30 do. 1,306,216 80 Do. do. do. 108,996 40 do. 43,598 40 Additional duty on the above .... 2i per cent 595,685 35 Spirits gallons 4,102,728 (38) 1,520,482 46 Sugar lbs. 60,166,082 (38) 2,058,121 73 Sat ... . bushels — Wines . gallons 1,451,912 (38) 617,999 79 Teas lbs. 2,644,329 (38) 657,609 62 CoflFee . do. 16,150,176 (38) 1,062,282 60 Molasses gallons 7,373,448 (38) 454,771 25 All other articlesf^'^ , , — _ 438,131 88 Amount retained on drawbacks , , — 3^ per cent 55,974 97 Extra duty of 10 per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — (•'<>)165,447 28 Extra duty of 15^ per cent, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels — — — Extra duty on teas imported from other places than India "^ ^~~ (37) See Note 27, page 398. (38) In 1812, the Spirits imported paid an average duty of 27.6 cents and 56.6 cents per gallon; Sugar, 2.5 cents average duty, and 5 cents per pound; Wines, 29.4 cents average duty, and 58.3 cents per gallon; Teas, 21.4 cents average, and 49.9 cents per pound; Coffee, 5 cents and 10 cents per pound; Molasses, 5 cents and 10 cents per gallon. These variations of the duties were in consequence of portions of those articles having been imported prior to, and other portions thereof posterior to, the operation of the act of July 1st, 1812. (39) For the details concerning the articles embraced under this head, see postea the Statements (B.) (40) The extra duty, on merchandise imported in foreign vessels, in 1812, amounted as above to 165,447 dollars 28 cents; of that sum 21,278 dollars 65 cents, were at the rate of 10 per cent.; and 144,168 dollars 63 cents, at the rate Of the Revenues of the United States. 405 continued. 1813. 1814.(^" Amount of duty which Amount of duty which Value or qaantity. Rate of duty. aucrued. Value or quantity. Rate of duty. accrued. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 23,928.10 12^ per cent. 2,991 01 1,429.09 12^ per cent. 178 64 470.87 15 do. 70 63 682.30 15 do. 102 34 5.825,316.54 25 do. 1,456,329 13 4,313,829.02 25 do. 1,078,457 25 1,095,287.75 30 do. 328,586 33 803,131.05 30 do. 240,939 32 30,116.06 40 do. 12,043 35 121,785.15 40 do. 48,714 06 2^ per cent. 174,377 59 — 2i per cent. 131,021 42 1,017,608 64.1 cents 611,913 64 571,837 57.03 cents 327,780 08 31,364,276 5.2 do. 1,619,565 02 20,670,168 5.01 do. 1,055,884 96 _l — 379,112 20. do. 75,822 40 604,029 55.2 do. 339,521 15 360,594 49.07 do. 179,273 34 524,888 43.5 do. 228,338 12 354,038 44.02 do. 156,641 79 8,202,072 10. do. 860,253 10 6,528,238 10. do. 652,823 80 3,220,710 10. do. 322,071 00 2,879,283 10. do. 287,928 30 _- 429,704 51 — — 201,365 68 3^ per cent. 21,017 73 — 3^ per cent. 942 10. ^^ W486,143 54 — — 4,800 39 — — — — — 251,645 94 ~ rateof 15i per cent.; this additional duty was laid by Act of July 1st, 1812. In 1813, of this duty 2,513 dollars 48 cents, were at the rate of 10 per cent., and 483,630 dollars 6 cents, at the rate of 15A per centum. (41) From the duties which accrued in 1814, deduct 392,366 dollars 95 cents, of which amount 48,852 dollars 46 cents were for duties refunded, and 343,514 dollars 49 cents, or 33-J per cent, of the duties on merchandise, cap- tured by private armed vessels. 4 P 406 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.), embracing " all other Articles" ■)>*■■ SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1801. Quantity. Excess of inipoita- tion over ex- portation. Excess of eX[iorU tion over importation. Rate of Dutj. Excess of Duties over Drawback. DraM back over Duties. Domestic spirits, 1 st proof Do. do. 2d do. Do. do. 3d do. Do. do. 4th do. Beer, ale and porter Cocoa Chocolate Sugar candy Loaf Other refined Almonds Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs . Raisins, jar, &c. Do. all other Candles, tallow wax and spermaceti Cheese Soap . Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper . pimento . cassia Tobacco, manufactured, other th Snuflf . Indigo Cotton Powder, gun hair Starch Glue Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails spikes Quicksilver Ochre, in oil dry Spanish brown an snuff and cigars gallons ^do. do. do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 2,948 158,422 1,094,023 3,104 4,97-1 6,879 6,932 176,323 2,451 66,724 457,059 113,079 164,912 210,224 512,308 3,120,691 280,237 461,560 5,061 Cta. 9 6i 6 4 10 22 25 3 Dolls. Cts. 483 72 12,673 76 21,880 46 93 12 571 67 619 11 450 58 Dolls. Cts 3,526 46 147 06 4,670 68 — 27,423 54 4,523 16 16,491 20 52,556 00 15,369 24 62.413 82 2,802 37 — — j 9,231 20 1,113 42 Of the Revenues of the United States. referred to in the Statement (A.) antea. 407 1802. Quantity. Excess ofimportation over expOftS' tion. 182,573 145,822 5,301 10,009 1,552 90,199 201,585 211,871 203,858 3,419 144,638 Rxceas of exportation o\er importa- tion. 32,534 124,309 68,526 Rate of duty. Cents. 8 2 3 9 6 4 10 22 25 3 Excess of Duties over drawback. Dollars. 14,606 2,916 159 Draw back over duties 901 93 6,314 12,095 8,475 20,386 759 4,339 Dollars. 651 2,486 17,132 1803. Quantity. Excess of exportation o\er importa- tion. 182,651 507,(i79 951 8,003 9,010 725 21,245 1,683 68,715 34,108 Excess ofimportation over exporta- tion. 1,828,142 437,505 111,739 1,940 .130,844 288,330 3,604,769 353,485 Rate of duty. Excess of Cents. 2 424 90 6 100 98 7 4,810 05 2 682 16 Duties over drawback. Dolls. Cts. 8 14,612 08 2 10,153 58 3 28 53 11^ 920 34 9 810 90 6^ 47 12 6 109,688 52 4 17,500 20 10 11,173 90 22 426 80 25 32,711 00 3 8,649 90 73,495 38 3,534 85 Drawback over duties. Dollars. 16S Of the Revetiues of the United States. Statement (B.) SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1801. Quantity. White and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Cordage, tarred untarred Cables . Steel . Hemp . Untarred yarn Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Coal . Malt . Fish, dried . Do. pickled salmon Do. do. mackarel Do. all other . , Glass, black quart bottles window, not above 8 by 10 do. not above 10 by 12 do. all above 10 by 12 Cigars . . . • • Boots Shoes, silk .... Do. kid and morocco for men and women Do. all other and for children C;^rds, wool and cotton Do. playing Cables and tarred cordage . Tobacco .... Snuff . . . . • Nails and sjiikes . Domestic spirits from domestic produc Seines .... Cordage, tarred Do. untarred and yarn Cables Lime lbs. do. do. do. do. cwt. do. do. do. do. bushels do. quintls barrels do. do. groce lOOsq.ft, do. do. 1000 pairs do. do. do. dozens packs cwt. lbs. do. do. gallons lbs. cwt. do. do. casks Excess of importa- tion over ex- portation. Excess of exporta- tion over importation. 1,783,900 1 14.844 80,851 1,696 1,346 616,483 6,575 1,550 79,152 6,441 70 24,738 1,439 990 Rate of Duty. Cts. 100 100 400 200 5 Excess of Duties over drawback Dolls. Cts. 2,802 37 14,844 00 80,851 00 6,784 00 2,692 00 30,824 15 Drawback over duties. Dolls. Cts. 21,921 75 25 15 10 50 25 180 225 180 4,931 25 387 50 11,872 80 644 10 35 00 44,528 40 3,237 75 1,782 40 5,480 25 447,985 23 15.861 20 432.124 03 15,861 20 Of the Revenues of the United States. 409 continued. 1802. 1803. Quantity. Rate of Excess of ^antity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess Excess Excess ofimportalioQ of exportation duty. Duties over Drawback ofimportatioQ of exportation duty. Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tiou. tion. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Dolls. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. 1,252,397 "^ 1 12,524 ^" 2,657,499 ~^ 1 26,574 99 " ' ■_ — — — 7,816 Cwt 180 14,068 80 1,046 — 225 2,354' — 1,030 do. — 225 2,317 50 _- — <— — — — — — '— 11,326 — — — — 7,394 — 100 7,394 00 82,720 — — — — 122,545 — 100 122,545 00 — — — — — — — 1,586 — 1 12,524 — 1,979 400 7,916 00 863 — — — — 1,193 200 2,386 00 445,417 — 225 2,354 — 419,400 — 5 20,970 00 — > —^ _- —^ -.— __ . . — 1 — 100 11,326 — — , , , — 100 82,720 — — — — m^ ._ _^ — — — — •— , ^^ ..^ — 400 6,344 — — __ ^__ ^_ — 200 1,726 — — ^.^ — 5 22,271 — — — — . 1 .— — — — — — — ^ — — — — — — — — — — — — — _^ 4,358 — 75 3,269 — 4,443 — 75 3,332 25 8,885 — 25 2,221 — 2,417 — 25 604 25 1 66,717 — 15 10,008 — 54,150 — 15 8,122 50 ^~^ — . — — — — 6,199 10 619 90 1 265 — 50 133 — 11 50 5 50 11,121 25 — 2,780 884 ^ 25 221 00 8,772 — 180 15,790 — — _. — — — — — 12,820 — 6 769 20 « — — — 61 10 6 10 . 3,392,636 — 2 67,853 — 3,674,769 — 2 73,495 38 — . — — "~" "~~ — — — — — ^. _— — — — — — — — ^^ _^ — — — — — 7,816 — 180 14,068 80 — .^ — — ■^™ — -^ — , 1 . — — — — — 829 — 180 1,492 20 ^^ "" ~ ' ~^ — 309,582 23,049 509,116 38 23,049 — 286,533 509,116 38 4 a 410 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1804. Quantity. Domestic spirits, Ist proof Do. do. 2d do. Do. do. 3d do. Do. do. 4th do. Beer, ale and porter Cocoa Chocolate Sugar candy lioaf Other refined Almonds Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs Raisins, iar, &c. Do. all other Candles, tallow wax and spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper . pimento cassia • «. , • Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuff and cigars Snuff Indigo Cotton Powder, gun hair Starch Glue • Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop nails spikes Quicksilver Ochre, in oil do. dry Spanish brown gallons do. do.' do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Excess of importa- tion over ex- portation. Excess of exporta- tation over importation, 120,617 744,576 1,380 3,883 1,155 193 53,252 12,534 81,990 7,407 142,523 12,672 16,217 4,238 126,975 563,922 395,650 708 9,101 3,104 4,135 307,736 103,362 39,388 39,346 685 139,374 257,667 481 4,725 17,859 49,116 278,642 15,355 3,819,198 275,934 2,259 17,032 146,039 143,265 Kate of duty. Cents. 43,296 Excess of Duties over drawback. Drawback over duties. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. 8 9,649 2 14,891 3 41 lU 446 9 103 6^ 12 2 1.065 2 250 2 1,639 2 148 2 2,850 H 190 2 324 6 253 7 8,875 2 11,278 n 5,934 125 885 50 4,550 20 620 20 827 6 18,464 4 4,134 4 1,575 10 3.934 22 150 25 34,843 3 4 10,306 4 19 3 141 4 714 4 1,964 n 4,179 1 153 2 76,383 1 2,759 6 135 n 255 1 1,460 1 1,432 = 36 52 40 55 93 54 04 68 80 14 46 08 34 68 65 44 75 00 50 80 00 16 48 52 60 70 50 68 24 75 36 64 63 55 96 34 54 48 39 65 1,298 88 Of the Revenues of the United States. 41 ( continued. 1805. ' 1806. Quantity. Rate of Excess of Quantity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess Excess Excess of importation of exportation duty. Duties oyer Drawback of importation of exportation duty. Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- drawback. orer duties. OTer exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tiOD. tion. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. — — _ — _ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — _^ _ — __ 209,639 — 8 16,771 12 — 181,815 8 14.545 20 — 2,119,657 — 2 42.393 14 — . 1.418.232 — 2 28.364 64 — 4,285 — 3 128 55 — 2,117 — 3 63 51 — 826 — 114 94 99 — 1.573 — Hi 180 89 — 780 — 9 70 20 — 3,180 — 9 286 20 — 237 — 6i 15 41 — 976 — 6i 63 44 — 144,202 — 2 2,884 04 — 282,517 — 2 5,650 34 — 41,378 — 2 827 56 — 372,097 2 7.441 94 — 167.907 — 2 3,358 14 — 66,479 — 2 1.329 58 — 220,054 — 2 4,401 08 408,449 — 2 8,168 98 — 850,288 — 2 17,005 76 — 773,398 ^ 2 15.467 96 — 1,971,201 — 14 29,568 02 — 2,412,221 — li 36.183 31 — 94,175 — 2 1,883 50 — 175,820 — 2 3,516 40 _ 2,463 — 6 147 78 — 6.254 6 375 24 77,210 — 7 5,404 70 — 262,846 — 7 18,399 22 215,259 — 2 4,305 18 — 819,241 — 2 16.384 82 478,651 — 1* 7,179 77 — 1,755,841 — li 26,337 62 10,071 — 125 12,588 75 — — 2,620 125 3.275 00 25,967 — 50 12,983 50 — 173 50 86 50 „__ 14,911 — 20 2,982 20 — — 9,149 20 1,829 80 47,771 20 9,554 20 — — 24.318 20 .^ 4,863 60 — 602,970 6 — 36,178 20 1.848.617 6 110,917 02 — 6,339 — 4 253 56 — 468.008 — 4 18,720 32 — 75,795 — 4 3,031 80 — 181,802 4 2.272 08 ■ 4,544 — 6 272 64 — 6,638 6 398 28 1 6,552 — 10 655 20 — 16,562 10 1.656 20 __ 86,411 — 25 21,602 75 — 264,163 — 25 66,040 75 __ 71,077 — 3 2,132 31 — 785,378 3 23,561 34 ,1 653,321 — 4 26,132 84 — 204,822 4 8.192 88 -^ 5,748 — 4 229 92 — 5,514 4 220 56 .^ 8,720 — 3 261 60 — 14,565 i^ 3 436 95 _- . 32,812 — 4 1,312 48 — 105,612 — 4 4.224 48 _ 67,949 — 4 2.717 96 — 78,200 — 4 3,128 00 742,287 — li 11,134 30 — 582,236 — li 8,733 54 _ 169.525 — 1 1,695 25 — 271,063 — 1 2,710 63 ■ 3,503,379 — 2 70,067 58 — 3,059,529 — 2 61,190 58 457,189 — 1 4,571 89 — 407,936 — 1 4,079 36 91,864 — 6 5,511 84 — 51,606 — 6 3.096 36 , , 22.168 — li 332 53 — 22,079 — H 331 19 i—. 175,012 — 1 1,750 12 — 119,854 — 1 1,198 54 - 682,429 "~~ 1 6,824 29 ■■^ 619.710 ' 1 6,197 10 — 412 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. White and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Cordage, tarred untarred . Cables . Steel Hemp . Untarred yarn Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Coal Malt Fish, dried Do. pickled salmon Do. do. mackarel Do. all other Glass, black quart bottles window, not above 8 by 10 do. not above 10 by 12 do. all above 10 by 12 Cigars Boots Shoes, silk .... Do. kid and morocco for men and women Do. all other and for children Cards, wool and cotton . Do. playing Cables and tarred cordage Tobacco Snuff . . • Nails and spikes Domestic spirits from domestic produce Seines . . . • Cordage, tarred Do. untarred and yam Cables . . • • Lime .... 1804. Quantity. Excess of importa- tion over ex- portation. Excess of exporta tion over importation, lbs. do. do. do. do. cwt. do. do. do. do. bushels do. quintls. barrels do. do. groce lOOsq.ft do. do. 1000 pairs do. do. do. dozen packs cwt. lbs. do. do. gallons lbs. cwt. do. do. casks 877,642 3,784,036 331,671 73,225 51.877 10,1&8 81,358 2,667 677 281,269 6 39,710 5,266 8,285 6,297 8,286 7,155 904 1,118 6,525 3,382 4,741 44,844 9,248 38 2,389 9,072 2,853 115 4,069 507 SO 259 Rate of duty. Excess of Duties over' drawback. Cents. 2 1 2 2 100 100 400 200 5 10 50 100 60 40 60 160 175 225 200 75 25 15 10 50 25 6 10 — 4 403 ' 180 — 1 225 180 50 Drawback over duties. Dolls. Cts. 17,552 84 37,840 36 6,633 42 1,830 62 1,037 54 10,198 00 81,358 00 10,668 00 1,354 00 10,063 45 60 19,855 00 5,266 00 4,971 00 2,518 80 4,971 60 11.448 00 1,582 00 2,515 50 13,050 00 2,536 50 1,185 25 6,726 60 924 80 19 00 597 25 544 32 285 30 8 50 162 76 1,140 75 54 00 129 50 Dolls. Cts. 490.879 09 2,024 28 488,854 81 725 40 2,024 28 Of the Revenues of the United States. 413 continued. 1805. 1806. Quantity. Rate of Excess of Quantity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess Excess Excess ofimportation of exportation duty. Duties over Drawback of iraijortation of expoitation duty. Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tion. tion. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Cents. Dolls. Cts Dolls. Cts. 2,139,256 — 2 42,785 12 — 2,648,981 — 2 52,979 62 — 4,448,935 — 1 44,489 35 — 3,513,351 — 1 35,133 51 — 790,615 — 2 15,812 30 — 206,096 — 2 4,121 92 — 60,871 — 2i 1,521 78 — 47,391 — 2i 1,184 77 — 62,653 — 2 1,253 06 — 30,542 — 2 610 84 — 9,717 — 100 9,717 00 — 12,228 — 100 12,228 00 — 115,725 — 100 115,725 00 — 116,101 — 100 116,101 00 — — 1 225 — 2 25 — — _ — — 3,096 — 400 12,384 00 — 3,361 — 400 13,444 00 — 447 — 200 894 00 — 103 — 200 206 00 — 498,543 — 5 24,927 15 — 311,146 — 5 15,557 30 — 141,847 50 70,923 50 __ 219,349 50 109,674 50 ^. 6,832 — 100 6,832 00 — 6,862 — 100 6,862 00 — 10,163 — 60 6,097 80 — 14,756 — 60 8,853 60 — 10,501 — 40 4,200 40 — 16,271 — 40 6,508 40 — 15,174 — 60 9,104 40 — 20,273 — 60 12,163 80 — 20,429 — 160 32,686 40 — 22,546 — 160 36,073 60 — 4,619 — 175 8,083 25 — 3,985 — 175 6,973 75 — 5,081 — 225 11,432 25 — 4,243 — 225 9,546 75 — , 16,492 — 200 32,984 00 — 22,969 — 200 45,938 00 — 2,447 — 75 1,835 25 — 3,817 — 75 2,862 75 — 9,224 — 25 2,306 00 — 6,913 ..— 25 1,728 25 — 34,993 — 15 5,248 95 — 45,758 — 15 6,863 70 — . 302 — 10 SO 20 — 5,374 — 10 537 40 1 — 50 50 — 4 — 50 2 00 -_ 13,790 — 25 3,447 50 — 11,627 — 25 2,906 75 "^^ — — — — — — — — — 1,339 _ 7 93 73 _ — ,— 4,849 = 4 193 96 = 10,651 — 4 426 04 ^^ 598 — 50 299 00 339 — 50 169 50 — 800,346 29 56,180 45 1,024,809 70 9,968 40 36,180 45 9,968 40 764,165 84 1,014,841 30 4 R 414 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1807. Quantity. Domestic spirits, 1st proof Do. do. 2d do. Do. do. 3d do. Do. do. 4th do. Beer, ale and porter Cocoa Chocolate Sugar candy Soap Other refined Almonds . Currants Prunes and plumbs Figs . Raisins, jar and box Do. all other Candles, tallow wax and spermaceti Cheese Soap Tallow Spices, mace nutmegs cinnamon cloves pepper . pimento cassia . . Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuflf and cigars Snuff Indigo Cotton Powder, gun hair Starch Glue Pewter plates and dishes Iron, anchors and sheet slit and hoop ncils spikes Quicksilver Ochre, in oil Do. drj Spanish brown gallons do. do. do. do. lbs. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Excess of importation over exporta- tion. Excess of exportation over importa- tion. 191 189,151 1,026,436 2,882 3,185 34,834 186,280 560,253 321,424 72,934 90,443 367,738 1,308,896 150,098 5,462 150,310 124,132 1.429,503 1,254 426,024 372,818 61,707 15,969 155,792 201,899 6,755 19,125 70,139 52,65] 846,008 834,200 3,072,238 284,742 23,072 202,019 754,785 Rate of duty. Cents. 7 2,088 2,786 9,582 815 59,623 17,284 Excess of Duties over drawback. — ■"*" __ 8 2 ..... 3 Hi 9 — 6-1 2 2 2 _— 2 — 2 l-l 2 6 7 2 H 125 50 20 20 6 4 4 6 10 25 3 4 4 3 4 4 n 1 2 1 6 H 1 1 DoUa. Cts. 13 37 15,132 20,528 86 366 3,135 12,108 11,205 6,428 1,458 1,808 7,354 19,633 3,000 327 10,521 2,482 21,442 Drawback over duties. Dolls. Cts. 08 72 46 27 06 20 06 48 68 86 76 44 56 72 70 64 54 250 80 25,561 14,912 2,468 1,596 38,948 8,075 270 573 2,805 2,106 12,690 8,342 61,444 2,847 346 2,020 7,547 44 72 28 90 00 96 20 25 56 04 12 00 76 42 08 19 85 2,610 1,393 00 00 1,916 40 48 90 1,788 69 1,037 04 Of the Revenues of the United States. 415 eontinued. 1808. 1809. Qztai ntity. Eate of Excess of Quantity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess Excess Excess of importation of exportation duty. Daties over Drawback of importation of exportation duty. Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tion. tion. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Cents, Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. ^_ — ».. ^ _ 974 — 7 68 08 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — ..^ — — _ — 108 — 11 11 88 — 16,871 — 8 1,349 60 — 51,972 — 8 4,157 76 — 1,044,864 — 2 20,897 28 — — 1,238,339 2 — 24,766 78 1,033 — 3 30 99 — 1,651 — 3 49 53 — 2,863 — 11* 329 24 — 13 — 'i* 1 50 — 159 — 9 14 31 — 346 ■ — 9 31 14 — 37,735 — H 2,452 78 — — 33,352 6i — 2,167 88 186,474 — 2 3,729 48 — 165,970 — 2 3,319 40 — 28,711 — 2 574 22 — 81,015 — 2 1,620 30 — 29,255 — 2 585 10 — 40,544 — 2 810 88 — 79,747 — 2 1,594 94 — 176,688 — 2 3,533 76 — 586,495 — 2 11,729 90 — 1,255,095 — 2 25,101 90 — 930,421 — 1* 13,956 32 — 2,592,975 — H 38,894 62 — 41,445 — 2 828 90 — — 114,602 2 — 2,292 04 3,223 — 6 193 38 — — 1,606 6 — 96 36 61,374 — 7 4,296 18 — — 123,539 7 — 8,647 73 315,080 — 2 6,301 60 — — 292,966 2 — 5,859 32 288,614 — H 4,329 21 — — 335,525 1-i — 5,032 87 1,114 — 125 1,392 50 — — 1,157 125 — 1,446 25 9,560 — 50 4,780 00 — 41,916 — 50 20,958 00 — __ 566 20 113 20 1,724 — 20 344 80 — 29,686 — 20 5,937 20 — 28,446 — 20 5,689 20 — 4,034,822 — G 242,089 32 — — 1,552,442 6 — 93,146 52 288,013 — 4 11,520 52 — 333,393 — 4 13,335 72 — 239,195 — 4 9,567 80 — — 102,631 4 — 4,105 24 2,085 — 6 125 10 — 517 — 6 31 02 — 11,810 — 10 1,181 00 — — 4,815 10 — 481 50 930,273 — 25 232,568 25 — — 389,385 25 — 97,346 25 3,361,109 — 3 100,833 27 — — 2,615,138 3 — 78,454 14 116,167 — 4 4,646 68 — 63,348 — 4 2,533 92 — 2,692 — 4 107 68 — — 846 4 _ 33 84 21 — 3 63 — 1,437 — 3 43 11 — 13,900 — 4 556 00 — 59,416 — 4 2,376 64 — 8,068 — 4 322 72 — 21,159 — 4 846 36 — 323,759 — H 4,856 35 — 804,679 1* 12,070 18 — 390,959 — 1 3,909 59 — 217,272 — 1 2,172 72 — 156,253 — 2 3,125 06 — 1,021,483 2 20,429 66 — 812 1 8 12 — 176,960 1 1,769 60 — 10,314 — 6 618 84 — 10,556 — 6 633 36 — 1,626 — n 24 39 — 9,659 — H 144 88 — 68,781 — 1 687 81 — 51,168 — 1 511 68 — 294,454 ■~~ 1 2,944 54 J "" 1,171,470 ~ 1 11,714 70 "~~ 416 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) SPECIES OF MERCHANUISE. 1807. Quantity. Excess of imporUdoD over exporta- tion. White and red lead Lead and manufactures of lead Cordage, tarred untarred . Cables Steel Hemp Untarred yarn Twine and pack-thread Glauber salts Coal Malt Fish, dried pickled salmon do. mackarel do. all other Glass, black quart bottles window, not above 8 by 10 do. not above 10 by 12 do. all above 10 by 12 Cigars Boots Shoes, silk .... kid and morocco for men and women all other and for children Cards, wool and cotton . Do. playing Cables and tarred cordage Tobacco SnufiF . . Nails and spikes . Domestic spirits from domestic produc Seines . . . ' • Cordage Do. untarred and yarn Cables . . • • Lime ~ - • • lbs. So. do. do. do. cwt. do. do. do. do. bushels do. quintls. barrels do. do. groce 100 sq.ft. do. do. 1000 pairs do. do. do. dozen packs cwt. lbs. do. do. gallons lbs. cwt. do. do. casks 2,491,790 2,000,897 492,478 73,161 71,231 10,604 131,886 2 3,399 144 569,425 160,167 7,180 11,365 12,535 15,444 18,953 1,859 3,842 27,211 2,655 14,016 36.055 10,011 5,814 9.018 131 Excess of exportation over importa- tion. Rate of duty. Cents. 2 100 100 225 400 200 5 50 100 60 40 60 160 175 225 200 75 25 15 10 25 Excess of Duties over drawback. 50 Drawback over duties. Dolls. Cts. 49,835 80 20,008 97 9.849 56 1,829 02 1,424 62 10,604 00 131,886 00 4 50 13.596 00 288 00 28.471 25 80.083 50 7,180 00 6,819 00 5,014 00 9,266 40 30.324 80 3,253 25 8,644 50 54,422 00 1,991 25 3,504 00 5,408 25 1,001 10 1,453 50 360 72 65 50 816,432 16 8,794 03 Dolls. Cts. 807,638 13 8,794 03 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) continued. 417 1808. 1809. Quantity. Rate of Eoscess of Quantity. Bate of Excess of Excess E \cess Duty. Excess Excess Duty. of importation of ex jortation Duties over , Drawback of importation of exportation Duties over Drawback oyer exporta- over importa- Drawback. over duties. over exporta- over importa- Drawback. over duties. tion. tion. tion. tion. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts I,r82,893 ^_ 2 35,657 46 _ 2,958,011 2 59,160 22 1,980,834 __ 1 19,808 34 — 918,740 — 1 9,187 40 — — 8,847 2 — 176 94 — 84,774 2 — 1,695 48 14,919 — 24 372 97 — 12,309 — H 307 72 — — — — — — 7,701 — 2 154 02 — 7,079 — 100 7,079 00 — 12,452 — 100 12,452 00 — 5,932 — 100 5,932 00 — 16,250 — 100 16,250 00 — 1,125 ^_ 400 4,500 00 _ 740 .-^ 400 2,960 00 _ 6 200 12 00 — 78 — 200 156 00 — 140,928 — 5 7,046 40 — .,364,618 — 5 78,230 90 — — — — — — — — 20,271 ._ 50 10,135 50 — 8,594 — 50 4,297 00 — 97 100 97 00 — 1,123 — 100 1,123 00 — 1,116 60 669 60 — 4,079 — 60 2,447 40 — 923 _ 40 369 20 — 3,307 — 40 1,322 80 — 2,613 — 60 1,567 80 — 6,584 — 60 3,950 40 — 3,476 — 160 5,561 60 — 20,593 — 160 32,948 80 — 509 — 175 890 75 — 3,127 — 175 5,472 25 — 294 — 225 661 50 — 2,812 — 225 6,327 00 — 15,878 — 200 31,754 00 — 18,674 — 200 37,348 00 — 727 75 545 25 — 413 — 75 309 75 5,688 — 25 1,422 00 — — 3,860 25 — 965 00 10,840 — 15 1,626 00 — 1,362 — 15 204 30 — 2,201 — 10 220 10 — — 1,536 10 — . 153 60 4,178 — 25 1,044 50 — 1,552 — 25 388 00 — — — — — — — — — ..^ ,^ — __ — _ _ ._ ^_ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — . 179 — 4 7 16 — 2,209 — 4 88 36 — _ ■ — — — — — — „_ — — — — — — 1 — 50 50 — 42 — 50 21 00 — 841,977 51 290 14 388,312 72 326,690 80 290 14 326,690 80 1 841,687 37 61,621 92 4S 418 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) continued. ^^ 1810. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE (Quantity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess duties. ofimpoi-tation of exiiortation Duties OTer Drawback ovex' exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tion. tion. Cts. Dolls. Cts. DoUs. Cts. Domestic spirits, Ist proof gallons 144 __ 7 10 08 .«• Do. do. 2d do. . . do. _ _ Do. do. 3d do. do. ^_ _ _- Do. do. 4th do. . . do. — — — — Beer, ale and porter do. 155,218 — 8 12,417 44 — Cocoa lbs. l,843,n6 — 2 36,874 32 — Chocolate do. 2,633 3 78 99 — Sugar candy .... do. 2,379 Hi 273 58 — Loaf do. 271 9 24 39 — Other refined do. 32 6i 2 08 — Almonds =. do. 61,783 2 1,235 66 — Currants do. 28,829 2 576 58 — Prunes and plumbs .... do. 17,274 — 2 345 48 — Figs do. 336,258 — 2 6,725 16 — Raisins, jar and box .... do. 412,217 2 8,244 34 — Do. all other .... do. — 96,715 H — 1,450 72 Candles, tallow . • . do. 37,072 — 2 741 44 — wax and spermaceti do. 1,223 — 6 73 38 — Cheese do. 36,277 — 7 2,539 39 — Soap do. 94,117 — 2 1,882 34 — Tal ow do. 153,255 — n 2,298 82 — Spices, mace do. 13,993 — 125 17,491 25 — nutmegs .... do. 14,990 — 50 7,495 00 — cinnamon .... do. 540 — 20 108 00 — cloves ..... do. 21,247 — 20 4,294 40 — pepper do. 988,856 — 6 59,331 36 — pimento . • . . do. 512,739 — 4 20,509 56 — cassia do. 190,599 — 4 7.623 96 — Tobacco, manufactured, other than snuff an d cigars do. 1,521 — 6 91 26 — Snuff do. 1,633 — 10 163 30 — Indigo do. — 33,048 25 — 8,262 00 Cotton do. — 468,932 3 — 14,067 96 Powder, eun do. 21,768 — 4 870 72 — hair do. 30 — 4 1 20 — Starch do. 8,407 — 3 252 21 — do. 81,127 — 4 3,245 08 — Pewter plates and dishes . do. 7,862 — 4 314 48 — Iron, anchors and sheet do. 852,949 — H 12,794 23 — slit and hoop .... do. 759,337 — 1 7,593 37 — nails do. 2,112,223 — 2 42,244 46 — spikes do. 280,215 — 1 2,802 15 — do. 1,966 — 6 117 96 — Ochre, in oil do. 10,808 — H 162 12 — Do. dry do. 66,300 — 1 663 00 ~~ Spanish brown . . . do. 913,909 — 1 9,139 09 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) continued. 41d 1810. SPECIES OP MEKCHANDISE. Quantity. Rate of Excess of — Excess Excess duty. of importation of exportation Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- drawback. over duties. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. White and red lead lbs. 2,525,273 ' 2 50,505 46 _ Lead and manufactures of lead do. 1,525,599 ^_ 1 15,255 99 Cordage, tarred, do. 677,405 2 3,548 10 untarred do. 90,188 , ., 2^ 2,254 70 » Cables .... do. 104,213 2 2,084 28 _ Steel .... cwt. 11,043 «- 100 11,043 00 ._ Hemp .... do. 178,473 , , 100 178,473 00 ._ , Untarred yarn do. __ , , ^^ Twine and pack-thread do. 2,925 400 11,700 00 ^_ Glauber salts do. 133 „ , 200 266 00 , Coal .... bushels 392,857 _ 5 19,642 85 — « Malt .... do. 107 .^_ 10 10 70 __ Fish, dried quintls. 7,333 50 3,666 50 pickled salmon barrels 4,398 100 4,398 00 —^ do. mackarel . do. 4,377 ^_ 60 2,626 20 . do. all other . do. 1,905 40 762 00 — . Glass, black quart bottles groce 20,104 60 12,062 40 .1.1., window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. 19,906 » 160 31.849 60 m^ do. not above 10 by 12 do. 4,449 „ . 175 785 75 do. all above 10 by 12 do. 4,669 225 10,505 25 ^_ Cigars . 1000 15,263 — 200 30,526 00 ^— Boots • pairs 1,095 ._ 75 821 25 ,..., Shoes, silk .... . do. 1,754 _^ 25 438 50 kid and morocco for men an J women do. 12,289 1 15 1,543 35 . all other and for children , , do. 723 10 72 30 Cards, wool and cotton , dozen 5 50 2 50 Do. playing . packs 1,928 , 25 482 00 Cables and tarred cordage . cwt. _ „_ .^ Tobacco .... , lbs. ^^ Snuff , do. Nails and spikes , , do. .^ Domestic spirits from domestic pro duce gallons 1 1, Seines . lbs. 2,482 , 1 4 92 28 Cordage .... . cwt 1 1,, , Do. untarred and yarn . do. ^— 1 Cables . do. .^ 1 ^_ Lime . .... ■ casks 52 — 50 26 00 — 684,057 57 23,780 68 23,780 60 660,276 89 420 Of the Revenues of the United States. Statement (B.) continued. SPECIES OF MERCHANDISE. 1811. Quantity. Excess of importation over exporta- tion. Excess of exportation over importa- tion. Rate of duty. Excess of Duties over drawback. Drawback over duties. Domestic spirits, 1st proof ' gallons Do. do. 2d do. . do. Do. do. 3d do. . do. Do. do. 4th do. . do. Beer, ale and porter do. Cocoa lbs. Chocolate do. Sugar candy do. Loaf ..... do. Other refined .... do. Almonds do. Currants do. Prunes and plumbs . do. Figs do. Raisins, jar and box . do. Do. all other do. Candles, tallow . . . do. wax and spermaceti . do. Cheese do. Soap do. Tallow do. Spices, mace .... do. nutmegs do. do. cinnamon cloves .... do. pepper .... do. pimento do. do. cassia .... Tobacco, manufactured, other than si luffand cigars do. Snuff do. Indigo do. Cotton do. .Powder, gun .... do. hair .... do. Starch do. Glue do. Pewter plates and dishes . do. Iron, anchors and sheet do. slit and hoop do. nails .... do. spikes .... do. Quicksilver . . . • do. Ochre, in oil . do. Do. dry . . ■ • do. Spanish brown .... do. 337 41 42,103 678,895 1,844 1,700 94 1,099 240,971 104,330 43,237 268,101 809,460 765,918 31,631 8,165 7,512 322,272 1,058,716 55,942 12,136 37,056 358,788 153,888 17,404 804 342,176 186,515 3,944 4,483 14,334 3,880 286,286 175,856 212,389 48,808 14,316 700 136,247 7,802 1,991 458,480 Cents. 7 15 8 2 3 Hi 9 6* 2 2 2 2 2 H 2 6 7 2 n 125 50 20 20 6 4 4 6 10 25 Dolls Cts. 23 59 6 15 3,368 24 13,577 90 55 32 195 50 8 46 71 43 4,819 42 2,086 60 864 74 5,162 02 16,189 20 11,488 76 632 62 489 90 525 84 6,445 44 15,880 74 27,971 00 2,427 20 7,411 20 14,351 52 6,155 52 1,044 24 80 40 85,544 00 5,595 45 157 76 134 49 573 36 155 20 4,294 29 1,758 56 4,247 78 488 08 858 96 10 50 1,362 47 7a 02 Dolls. Cts. 2,488 75 27,508 80 statement (B.) continued. 1811. SPECIES OP MERCHANDISE. ({iiantity. Rate of Excess of Excess Excess duty. ofitnpoitatiori of exportation Duties over Drawback over exporta- over importa- di-awbacls. over duties. tion. tion. Cents. Dolls. Cts. Dolls. Cts. White and red lead lbs. 863,207 ._ 2 17,264 14 ___ Lead and manufactures of lead do. 1,336,196 — 1 13,361 96 — Cordage, tarred do. 825,754 — 2 16,515 08 — untarred do. 111,545 — ^ 2,788 62 — Cables do. 84,365 2 1,687 30 — •Steel cwt. 3,411 100 3,411 00 — Hemp do. 218,705 — 100 218,705 00 — Untarred yarn do. 2 225 4 50 — Twine and pack-thread do. 1,204 — 400 4,816 00 — Glauber salts do. 200 — 64 00 Coal bushels 96,512 5 4,825 60 — Malt do. 40 10 4 00 — Fish, dried .... quintls. 1,175 50 587 50 — pickled salmon barrels 296 __ 100 296 00 — do. mackarel . do. 3,155 __ 60 1,893 00 — do. all other do. 274 , 40 109 60 — -Glass, black quart bottles groce 3,071 60 1,842 60 — window, not above 8 by 10 100 sq.ft. 3,867 160 6,187 20 — do. not above 10 by 12 do. 3,008 .^_ 175 5,264 00 do. all above 10 by 12 do. 649 225 1,460 25 _ Cigars 1000 11,833 200 23,666 00 — Boots pairs 342 „__ 75 256 50 Shoes, silk do. 3,830 __ 25 970 00 kid and morocco for' men and women do. 5,117 15 767 55 __ all other and for children do. 203 10 20 30 __ Cards, wool and cotton dozen 44 __ 50 22 00 ^_ Do. playing packs 144 25 36 00 Cables and tarred cocdage cwt. __ — Tobacco lbs. — «niiff . , do. ,^_ — Nails and spikes do. ^_ — Domestic spirits from domestic produce . gallons .^_ — , . Seines lbs. _^ ^_ Cordage cwt .^_ — Do. untarred, and yarn do. __ ^_ _^ — ^_ Cables do. ^_ ^_ __ — Lime casks — — — — — 573,353 57 30,061 55 30,061 55 543,292 02 4T 422 Of the Revenues of the United States. as ^ .2 I CO 00 S a s3 I, Sg.J s a ^ i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 liii 1 1 1 i^i I to -.o o 00 00 00 CO t 00 Gl C-) C-j O U I, 00 00 00 00 ©1 « o >n o to Oi "^ I ^^ 00' CO' T-i'o'to'to'o'ol'^'rt Imlllio o ' to oo" CO CI C) T-t o o o C O 00 , >o o? cq 1 § ■* o to ^2:isi^l^''^si^l^l^ I -^ r M ^ 2 I :: I O O O O O! to ■O O Tf Tf rH (J! r-l I I I I I I i I I I I I I i I i I I M I I I I I I 1 j?!S 1 I I i I O) CO t^ to oo" of K CO 00 CO Ms 53 e >t CO CO IS IS I 00 (35 O Tfl (S? 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