Out^ P3 DM y0:'cMSiyp. \ LIBKARY;';/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 068 919 939 ''^. Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924068919939 THE TRIBES OF IRELAND: A SATIRE, BY AENGHUS O'DALY; WITH roHTlCAL TBANSLATION BY Till? LA'l'H JAMES CLARENCE MANGANj TOGETHER WITH AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILY OF o'dALY ; AND AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF SATIRE IN IRELAND. JOHN O'DONOVAN, LL.D.,M.R.1.A. DUBLIN: JOHN O'DALY, 9, ANGLESEA-STREET. 1852. U A HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF THE FAMILY OF O'DALY. Theee is certainly no family to which the bardic literature of Ireland is more deeply indebted than that of O'Daly. Ac- cording to O'Flaherty {Ogygia, part III., c. 85,) they are of the race of Maine, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and are of the same stock as the Foxes, the Magawleys, the O'Breens and O'Quins of Tcatliblia or TefRa in Westmeath. In O'Dugan's Topographical Poem the O'Dalys are also set down as of Tefiia in Westmeath and cliiefs of Corca-Adam in that territory. Duald Mac Firbis and Peregrine CXClery have given the descent of the O'Daly's from Fcarghal (son of Maelduin of the race of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages), who was lord of Cinel-Eoghain in 718; but Mac Firbis observes, that he does not believe that O'Daly is of this descent, though he transcribes the Genealogy as he found . it in a modern compilation; and he refers to the family elsewhere as of the race of Maine, son of Niall, and as of Corca-Adam in Teffia ; and this is undoubtedly the true descent. Duald Mac Firbis who seems to have compared various MSS. con- taining O'Daly's pedigree, gives the line (p. 182.) from Dalach, son of Fachtna, son of Core, son of A dan or Adhamh, a quo Corca-Adain, or Corca-Adhaimh, as follows : — 1. Adan or Adhamh, a quo Corca Adain, or Corca-Adhaimh. I 2. Core. 3. Fachtna. 4. Dalach, a quo O'Dalaigh or O'Daly. 5. Gilla-coimhdhcadh. I 6. Tadhg. 7. Muircadhach. 8. Dalacli. 9. Cuchoniiacht na Sgoile of Leckin, nearBunbrusna in Teffia, I Ard-OUainh in poetry, who died at Clonard, in 1139. 10. Tadhg Doichleach. 11. Aenghus, the common ancestor of all the O'Daly's extant. 12. Ctarbhall Fionn, anceator of O'Dalaigh Fionn, poet to the O'Keeffeof Duhallow, Co. Cork. 12. Donnchadh Mor ancestor of the ODaly'sofFinny- vara and of Dun- Bandle, 1244. 13. Aenghus. 14. Donnchadh Ruadh. 12. Muireadhach, 12. Gilla-Isa, 12. Gilla-na-naemh, 12. Tadhg. of Ijissadill fl. 1213. 12, Cormac-na Casbhairnc, 16. Aenghus R uadh,d, 1350. I I 16. Tadhg, d. 1367. 17. Fearghal, chief poet of Corcomroe, 11, 1420. Lochlainn d. 1367. 16. Donn. 17. Doighre. 18. Donn. Itf.Maelseaclilainn. 20. John. I 21. T 22, Diarmaid. 23. Aedh or Hugh O'Daly, of Finny vara. 13. Tadhg, 14. Maelisa. 15. Gilla-Isa. 16. Anghus. 17. Cuchonnacht. . Muin 18. Muircheartach, d. 1460. 19. Donnchadh, and six other sons. 1 13. Cear. bhall Buidhc d. 1246. 14. Tadhg, chief poet of Conn- acht. 15. Cuch- onnacht. 16. Aen- ghus. 13. Cearbhall Finn, ances- tor of O'Daly of Hreifne. U, Cearbhall Ureifneach . 15. Conchobhar. 16. WiaU. 17. Maelseach- lainn. 18. bearbhall. 19. Aledh. 20. \Vmiam. 21. John O'Daly, of Breifnc, d. 1490. ancestor of .lohn O'Daly, of i), Anglcsea- street.* • Whose relationship to the O'Dalys of Bi'clfne stands thus: — Donnell O'Daly of the Breifne sept of this family migrated from Ballinamuck, County of Longford, about A.D. 1730; and settled at From this Genealogical Table it is clear that Cuchonnacht O'Daly, surnamed " na Sgoild' (i. e. of the School), who died at Clonaid in the year 1139, was the ancestor of all the O'Daly s of Ireland, who followed the Bardic Profession. In the year 1185, died on his pilgrimage at Clonard, Maelisa O'Daly, lord of Corca-Adaim and Corca-Eaoidhe in Westmeath ; he was " chief poet of Eire and Alba, and a man illustrious for his nobility, poetry, and hospitality." (Four Masters J. In the year 1213, we find that Muireadhach or Murray O'Daly, the great grandson of this Cuchonnacht na Sgoilc, was seated at Lios-an-Doill, or Lissadill, in the territory of Carbury, in the north of the present County of Sligo, where Ballyhaok, County of Wexford, where he got married and had issue, viz Maurice, who remained at Ballyhack, and Donnell (whom we can- not further trace), settled at Hacketstown, Old Parish, County of Waterford, about 1760. Maurice had issue, four sons ; viz. James, John, William, and Edmund. James settled at Knockroe, parish of Kilgobnet, County of Waterford, in the year 1796, and married Mary Veale, by whom lie had issue, three sons and six daughters. John settled at Durrow, parish of Modeligo, County of Waterford, in 1797; and rnarried Mary Keon, by whom he had issue, four sons and three daughters. William died unmarried. Edmund (the father of John O'Daly,) settled at Farnane, parish of Modeligo, County of Waterford, in the year 1798; and in 1799, married Bridget Kyley of Kilbryan, same County ; by whom he had issue: — I. John (of 9, Anglosea-st), born in 1800. IT, Maurice, born in 1803. III. Mary, born 1806. IV. James, born in 1808. V. Bridget, born in 1810, VI. Ellen, born in 1819. John married (1st) in 1827, Ellen Shea of Dungourncy, County of Cork, (who died in 1849) by whom he had issue : — I. Mary, Born in 1828. Died in 1834. II. Edmund, Born in 1830. Died in 1836. III. John, Born (December), 1831. Living. IV. Denis, Born in 1833. Died in 1838. V. Mary, Born in 1835. Died in 1838 VI. William, Born in 1836. Died. VII. Edmund, Born in 1837. Living. VIII. Ellen, Born in 1839. Living. iX. Laurence, Born in 1842. Living. X. Kate, Born in 1844. Living. Married (2iul) In 1850, Mary Murphy, alias Griffith, by whom ho has issue : — Elizabeth, Born in 1851, Living. he resided in the capacity of poet to the chief of that district. The Four Masters have preserved the following anecdote of him, in which the great power of their favourite chieftain, O'DouneU, is conspicuously set forth. "A.D , 1213, Konn O'BroUaghan, steward to O'Donnell (Donnell Mor), went to Connacht to collect O'DonneU's rent. He first repaired to Carbnry of Drumcliff, where with his atten- dants he visited the house of the poet Muireadhach O'Daly of Lios-an-Doill, and being a churle servant of a hero, he began to abuse the poet very much (although his lord had given him uo instructions to do so). The poet becoming enraged at his conduct, seized a sharp axe, and dealt him a blow vrhich killed him on the spot; and then to avoid O'Donnell, he fled into Clanrickard. When O'Donnell received inteUigence of this, he collected all his forces, and pursued him to Doire- Ui-Dhomhnaill (Derrydonnell) in Clanrickard, — a place which was named from him, because he encamped there for a night ; and he proceeded to burn and plunder the country, until at last the son of "William submitted to him, having previously sent Muireadhach to seek for protection in Thomond. O'Donnell pursued him, and proceeded to plunder and ravage that country also, until Donough Cairbreach O'Brien sent Muireadhach away to the people of Limerick. O'Donnell followed him to the gate of Limerick, and pitching his camp at Moin-Ui-Dhomhnaill (which was named from him), laid siege to the town ; and the inhabitants at O'DonneU's com- mand expelled Muireadhach, who found no asylum any where, but was sent from hand to hand until he arrived in Dublin. " O'Donnell then returned home, having first traversed and completed the visitation of all Connacht. He mustered his forces again without much delay in the same year, and marching to Dublin compelled the people of Dublin to expel Muireadhach, who fled into Alba (Scotland) ; and here ho remained until he composed three poems in praise of O'Donnell, implor- ing peace and forgiveness. The third of these poems is the one beginning, 'Oh! Donnell, kind hand of peace, &c.' He obtained peace for his panegyrics, and O'Donnell afterwards received him into his friendship and gave him lands and possessions as was pleasing to him." ^ Thus far the Historians of Tirconnell. We have never seen any of the poems addressed by O'Daly to O'Doimell on this occasion ; but we have a copy of a poem addressed by him when he fled into Clanrickard, to Richard Dc ]3urgo, the son of William Fitz-Adelm, stating the cause of his flight, and imploring that great lord's protection. It begins " c\ieAb A'^^]h A0]6]x A 5-cfeii) ? " i. e. " what brings a guest to you from afar ? ' In this poem (of which there is a good copy in a paper MS. in the Library of the Eoyal Irish Academy), Muireadhach calls himself O'Daly of Meath (O'OaUij 2t)i6e), and states that he was wont to frequent the Courts of the English, and to drink wine from the hands of kings and knights, of bishops and abbots; that, not wishing to remain to be trampled under the feet of the Eace of Conn, he fled to one, who, with his mail-clad warriors, was able to protect him against the fury of the King of Derry and Assaroe, who had threatened him with his vengeance, though indeed the cause of his enmity was but trifling, for that he (the fugitive) had only killed a plebeian of his people who had the audacity to affront him. bOAJ; A|l li-pAlA mr A1) b-fOAn. bAclAc bo bmc boll) c&jijoAb ; ?l)6 bo lijAftbAb At) ibo5A6, 21 b& ! Ai) abbA^l At)-f oIa6 ? Trifling is our difference with the man, A shepherd was affronting me ; And I killed that clown ; O God 1 is this a cause for enmity ? He calls upon the puissant Knight, Richard, the son of William, to respect the order of the poets, who are never treated with harshness by chieftains, and to protect the weak against the strong. He next bestows some verses of panegyric upon him, describes the splendour of his house and its inmates, calls him the Chief of the English, the Lord of Leinster, the King of Connacht, the Proprietor of the Forts of Cruachain, of Taxa, of Mac Coise's Wall of Stone, and of Mur-mic-an-Duinn then called Caislean-Ui-Chonaing, — and suggests that he might hereafter invite the poets of the five provinces to his house. He then teUs Richard the son of Williamj that whatever deeds of valour any one may have achieved, he cannot be truly renowned without protecting the venerable, or the feeble ; and that he now has an opportunity of making himself illustrious by protecting O'Daly of Meath, a poet whose verses demand attention, and who throws himself on his generosity. He concludes by reminding him of his duties as king of the famous province of Connacht. See Annals of the Four Masters, Ed. J. O'D., A.D. 1213, pp. 179, 181, note« In 1232, died Gilla-na-naeve O'Daly, a learned poet who had kept a house of hospitality for the poor and rich. Four Masters. Under the year ] 2'14, tlie Annals of the Four Masters record the death of" Douough Mor O'Daly,' the brother of this Muireadliach of Lissadill, a poet who never was and never will be surpassed ; he was interred in the Abbey of Boyle." In the Annals of Clonmacnoise he is called chief of Ireland for poetry. According to tradition and some written pedigrees, he was the head of the O'Dalys of Pinnyvara in the north of Burrin in the County of Clare, where they still point out the site of his house or college, and his honorary monument. A tree in the cemetery of the Abbey of Boyle is still pointed out as marking his grave. He is the ancestor of Lord Dunsandle, whose more immediate ancestor removed from Finny vara to Hy-Many with Eaghnailt Ny Bricn the wife of Tadhg Ruadh O'Kelly of Callow, in the latter part of the fifteenth century. See Tribes and Customs oflly-Many, p. 125. In 1245, died Carroll [Buidhe, Yellow] Boy, son of Teige, son of Aenghus Fionnabhrach O'Daly. (Four Masters). A.D. 1268, died Aenghus O'Daly, a man eminent for poetry, and a keeper of a house of hospitality. A.D. 1274, died Teige, son of Carroll [Buidhe] Boy O'Daly, chief poet of Hugh O'Conor, King of Connacht. A.D. 1311, died Gilla-Iosa O'Daly, an Ollamh in poetry. A.D. 1323, we find one of the family in Ulster, for in that year Loghlin, the son of Owen O'Daly, was slain by the sons of Hugh [Buidhe] Boy O'Neill. A.D. 1337, Lughaidh (Louis) O'Daly, Bishop of Clonmac- noise died after a well-spe7it life. A.D. 1350, died Aenghus Roc O'Daly, the most learned of the poets of Ireland. A.D. 1367, Teige and Loughlin, two sons of Aenghus Eoe O'Daly, died. A.D. 1377, Hugh Mac Namara, chief of Clann-Choilen, was slain by the son of O'Daly's daughter. A.D. 1378, Teige the son of Loughlin Mac Namara, was slain by the son of O'Daly's daughter. ' O'Reilly says, that he was called the Ovid of Ireland, but we have not learned by whom, although such indeed he may be regarded ; but it must be acknowledged that he has been since excelled by many of liis countrymen. His poems are principally of a religious or moral character, and possess considerable merit, considering the age to which they belong, but not so much as to entitle him to the unquali- fied praise bestowed upon his powers by the Four Masters. See O'Reilly's Descriptive Catalogue of Irish Writers, pp. 88 — 92, for a list of his poems. 9 A.D. 1387, died Goffrey Finn CyDaly, cliief poet of Ire- land. A.D. 1394, Teige O'Haughian, a learned poet, was slain by the sons of Cuclionnacht O'Daly [in a squabble], about the Ollamh-ship of O'Neill. A.D. 1404, Carroll O'Daly, OUamh of Corcomroe, and Donnell, the son of Donough O'Daly, who was called Bolff- an-Dana (the Budget of Poetry), died. A.D. 1408, O'Haughian was slain by the O'Dalys, at Machaire Maenmhaighe [near Loughrea in the County of Gal way], A.D. 1415, Sir John Talbot, Lord Lieutenant of L-eland, plundered the lands of several poets, which were considered inviolable by the Irish. He plundered O'Daly of Meath (Dermot), and Maurice O'Daly, and in the ensuing summer lie plundered O'Daly of Corcomroe (Farrell, son of Teige, son of Aenghus Eoe). A.D. 1420, died Farrell O'Daly, Ollamh of Corcomroe, in poetry. A.D. 1438, O'Daly of Breifny, chief poet to O'Eeilly, died. A.D. 1448, Dermot, son of Owen, son of Mahon O'Daly, OUamh of all Meath, a learned poet, died and was interred at Durrow-Columbkille, in the King's County. A.D. 1459, Murtough O'Daly, a learned poet, died. A.D. 1466, Murtough, son of Cuclionnacht O'Daly, died. A.D. 1474, O'Daly of Meath (Carbry), died. A.D. 1490, O'Daly of Breifny (John, son of William, son of Hugh), a learned poet, died. A.D. 1493, Conor, son of O'Daly of Breifny, died. A.D. 1496, Owen Oge, son of Owen, son of Hugh O'Daly, died. A.D. 1507, O'Daly Finn (Godfrey, son of Donough), and O'Daly of Carbery (Aenghus, son of Aenghus Caech), died. A.D. 1514, O'Daly of Corcomroe (Teige, son of Donough, son of Teige, sou of Carroll), a professor of poetry, who had kept a house of general hospitality, died at Finnyvara, and was buried in the Abbey of Corcomroe. A.D. 1589, Donnell O'Daly, a gentleman who had the command of a party of soldiers in the Queen's service under Sir Eichard Bingham, was taken and beheaded by the Burkes of the County of Mayo, who were then in rebellion. Annuls oftheFoiw Masters, p. 1881. 10 Of the various branches of this poetical family' only one seems to have risen to rank and political importance in Ireland, namely, the descendants of Donough Mor O'Daly, who removed to Hy-Many in the latter part of the fifteenth century. Before the Eevolution the head of this branch, Denis Daly of Car- rownekelly, in the County of Galway, Esq., was second Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and a Privy Councillor in the reign of King James II. "He continued to fill this station at the Eevolution," says Lodge, " with such impartiality and integrity (in those arduous times), as added lustre to his judicial character." The representative of this gentleman at the latter end of the last century, was the Eight Honorable Denis Daly, for many years member for the County of Galway, in the Irish Parliament, distinguished for his eloquence and ability ; and characterised by Grattan as " one of the best and brightest characters Ireland ever produced." His eldest son James, after having also represented that County many years in Parliament, was, by the Title of Baron of Dunsandle and Clan Conal, County of Galway, raised to the Peerage of Ireland, June 6th, 1846. Prom the Genealogical Table given at p. 4, it is clear that Cuchonnacht na Sgoile O'Daly, who died at Clonard, in 1139, was the first man of the O'Dalys who was celebrated for his learning. Prom his period forward poetry became a profession in the family, and the Corca-Adaim sent forth poetical professors to various parts of Ireland. About tlie middle of tjic twelfth century Eaghnall O'Daly settled in Desmond, and became chief professor of poetry to Mac Carthy, king of Des- mond. Prom him, no doubt, the O'Dalys of Muintir-Bhaire, in the south-west of the County of Cork, are descended ; but their pedigree has not been preserved by the O'Clery's or Mac Pirbises, and it is to be feared that it is irrecoverably lost. Dr. O'Brien, indeed, asserts in his Irish Dictionary (voce dala), that the O'Dalys of Munster are descended from the third son of Aenghus, king of Cashel, who was baptized by St. Patrick ; 'O'Beilly mentions twenty-eight poets of this family, and gives the first lines of upwards of one hundred poems written by them ; and we have in our own collection almost as many more which es- caped his notice ; but they are chiefly religious, being the compositions of Donough Mor O'Daly, who died in 1244, and of Aenghus O'Daly surnamed " na Diadhachta" (the Pious or Divine), who flourished about the year 1670. See O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. cxxxix. u but this is one of the very many uuaccoiuitablc errors with which that work abounds. The same error has been interjiol- ated into several modern copies of Keating's History of Ireland. Of the O'Dalys of Muintir-Bhaire, of whom was Aenghus the Bard liuadli, some notices occur in the Pacata Hibernia, Book III., and in the MS. entitled Carbrim Notitia, which formed No. 591, of the sale catalogue of the late Lord Kings- borough's library,' which are here given, that tlie reader may have before him all the information respecting the sept of the O'Dalys at present accessible : — " 1603. Fourth [of May], Odalie was convented before the Lord President and Councell, and in regard it was proved that hee came from the Eebells, with messages and offers to Owen Sulevan. to adhere and combine with the Enemy, which the said Owen did first reveal to Captaine Flower, Ser- geant Major of the Army, and after publikely justified it to Odalie' s face ; the said Baly was committed to attend his tryal at the next sessions. "This Odalie^ s Ancestor had the country of Moyntirbary given unto him by the Lord President's Ancestor, many hun- dred ycarcs past, at which time Carew had to his inheritance, the moity of tjie whole kingdome of Corke, which was first given by King Heni-y the second unto Robert Fitz StepJien ; the service which Odaly and his progenie were to doe, for so large a proportion of Lands unto Carew and his successors was (according to the custom of that time) to bee their Eimers, or Chroniclers of their actions." This account of Carew is, however, not very accurate ; for the family never had possession of this territory until the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and then only for a very short time. In the reign of Edward III. Thomas de Carew set up a claim, as heir to Eitz-Stephen, to all his ancient estates in Cork ; but by an Inquisition taken at Cork, before Sir Anthony Lucey, Lord Justice of Ireland, on the 31st. of August, in the fifth year of the reign of Edward III., it was found that " Robert Fitz-Stepheu died seized of the moiety of the estate granted by Henry II. to him and Milo de Cogan, and that the said Eitz-Stephen was a Bastard, and died without issue of his body J that the claim of Thomas de Carew, asserting that he and liis ancestors were heirs to Eitz-Stephen, could not be ' Sold by 0. Sharpe, at his literary sale-rooms, Anglesea-st, Dublin, Nov. 1842. 12 true, because the said Fitz-Steplien was a Bastard, and died without issue of his body." Notwithstanding this Inquisition the claim was again set up in 1568, by Sir Peter Carew, whose brother Sir George, was afterwards President of Munster ; but Sir Peter died in 1575, and his heir Peter junior, was slain by the O'Byrnes at Qlen- malure in 1580; and the prosecution of the suit ended in nothing. (Four Masters, A. D. 1580). From this it is very clear that the O'Dalys of Muintir- Bhaire had little or no connection with the Carews either in the reigns of Edward III. or of Elizabeth. The Author of Carbrice Notiiia, evidently seeing through the fallacy of this statement in the Pacata Hibernia, thus modifies it in his account of the south-west of the County of Cork. " And soe [crossing Dunmanus Bay] you come to Mynter- vary, which lyes between Dunmanus Bay and Bearhaven, in which there is nothing worth observation except Coolnalong, a pretty seat belongingformerly to Mucklagh, a sept of the Cartys. This country was, according to Irish custome, given to O'Daly, who was successively Bard to O'Mahony and Carew ; and to O'Glavin, who was his Termoner or receiver." Dr. Smith also describes Minterbarry, and calls it " a most barbarous country, lying between Dunmanus Bay and Bantry ^^"j " (Tlistory of CorJc, Book II, c. ^.), but says nothing of the O'Dalys in connection with it ! ! The head of this family had his residence at Druim-Naoi, or Drumnea, in the parish of Kilcrohane, where a portion of his house, commonly called " The Old College House," still remains, and forms the residence of a farmer, Mr. George Nicolas. The walls are well built, and cemented with lime and mortar, and from fragments of ruins still to be seen close to what remains, it may be inferred that it was once a house of some importance. According to tradition, two sons of a king of Spain, who were at school here under the tuition of O'Daly, died and were buried in Drumnea. The head of this family, Aenghus, son of Aenghus Caech O'Daly Cairbreach, died in the year 1507'. The last profes- sional poet of this house was Conchobhar Cam O'Dalaigh Cair- 'A branch of this family of the O'Dalys, removed to the County of Kerry, a member of whom was the celebrated Daniel or Dominick O'Daly, who wrote the History of the Geraldincs. He was born in (he year 1505, and died at Lisbon in the year 1662. 13 breacbj wlio wrote an elegy of forty ranns or quatrainSj on the death of Donnell O'Donovan, chief of Clann-Cathail, who died in 1660, beginning: — " CiteAb bo tiU3 A1% tpAitcttAift ?Ou)ii)i)eAC ? " " What has overtaken the Momonian Youths ?" He also addressed a poem of thirteen ranns or quatrains, to his pupil Donough, the son of Donnell O'Donovan, and brotlier of said Donnell, who died in 1660, beginning : — " Saoc lcAii)-i-A luibe feof)ijcAi8. " " Sorrowful to mo is the lying [siolmessj of Donnchadh." This Donough, who was the foster-son of O'Daly Cairbreach, is the ancestor of Mr. James O'Donovan of Myross, in the County of Cork. Conchobhar Cam O'Daly also addressed a short poem' of nine quatrains, to Joan, daughter of Sir Owen Mac Carthy Eeaglt, and wife of O'Donovan (Donnell, son of Donnell, son of Teige), beginning : — " U SljIoBfti), bAjostJls an iJ-bftll." " O 1 Joan, confirm our treaty.'' The last descendant of O'Daly of Drumnea, who was recog- nized in the country as the head of the sept, and who claimed the O'Daly tomb at Kilcrohane, was Mr. James Daly of Bantry. He removed from Bantry to Cork, where he became a distiller, and kept a respectable establishment in John-street. He died some three or four years since, leaving a son, Mr. James O'Daly, who is still living at Cork. That Aenghus O'Daly the Bard Ruadh, was of this family, but not the chief of it, little doubt can be entertained ; and O'lleilly believes that he was the Angus O'Daly of Balliorrone, wlio according to an Inquisition taken at the Old Castle in Cork, on the 1 8th. of September, 16?,4, died on the 1 6th. of Decem- ber, 1617, leaving a son Angus Oge O'Daly. The Ballyorrone mentioned in this Inquisition is now called Ballyrune. It originally comprised the present Ballyrune, as well as Cora, Laherdoty, and Ballyieragh. Laherdoty was for- merly called Mid-Ballyrune, and Ballyieragh (BA^le iA|iCA|tAc, i. e., west town), West-Ballyrune. The site and small portions ' Copies of these poems are preserved in paper MS. about one hundred and sixty years old, which was in the possession of Mr. Peter Lavalli, late Peruquier of the Four Courts, Dublin ; and now living in Paris. u of the walls of Aenglius O'Daly's, or the Bard Ruadfi's house, are still pointed out in that subdivision of Ballyrune called Cora. The walls are built of freestone and cemented with lime and hair mortar. There is a rock near the Tower at Sheep's Head, called Bfto Sleugun*, (i e., Angus's Quern), which is locally believed to have received its name from Aenghus na n-Aer O'JiiAy. Several of the Dalys, or 0' Dalys of Muintir- Bhaire, claimed descent from him, namely, Daniel Daly of Ahakista, deceased, and several others, but the widow Connell alias Mary Daly, now in the Bantry work-house, is believed to be the nearest akin to him now living. Her friends have emi- grated to America. Several verses attributed to the Bard Ruadh of Ballyrune, and having reference to his coshering pro- pensities, in his old age, when he was poor, are still locally recited, which corroborate O'Reilly's opinion, that he was the Angus O'Daly mentioned in the Inquisition above referred to ; but never, at any period of his life, was he poet to O'Keeffe, as O'lleilly thinks. The family of O'Daly was always considered as forming about the one-twelfth part of the population of Muintir-Bhaire, now included in the parish of Kilcrohane. Prom a census of the population taken by the Eev. John Keleher, P. P., in October, 1834, it appears that the total popu- lation of the parish was then 44i48 souls, of which th6 O'Dalys were 345, including 183 males, and 163 females, i. e., about one-twelfth of the entire population. In December, 1849, a census of the parish was also taken by the Eev. Jeremiah Cummins, R. C. C, from which it appears that the population had decreased to 2820 souls, of which the O'Dalys constituted 217, (125 males, and 92 females), i. e., one- thirteenth of the entire population. Both censuses prove tliat the O'Dalys have kept up their old proportion to the population, although they are as liable to disappear by starvation and emi- gration as the other families of Muintir-Bhaire. The O'Dalys (who appear to have forfeited the last remnant of their property in Muintir-Bhaire, at the Revolution), are now reduced to the condition of cottiers or struggling farmers, in this wild district. The principal proprietors at present are, Richard O'Donovan, Esq., J. P., Fort Lodge, Bantry ; Dr. Daniel O'Donovan of Skibbereen, J. P. ; Timothy O'Donovan, Esq., J. P., O' Donovan's Cove; and Timothy O'Donovan, Esq., of Ardahill. The ancestor of the three first-mentioned proprietors, took 15 this large tract of land for 999 years, from a Mr. Congreve of Mount Congreve, in the County of Waterford, an undertaker ; to whose descendant they still pay some small head rent. Ti- mothy O'Donovan, Esq., of Ardahill (who descends from Kedagh Mor, the youngest son of O'Donovan, by the daughter of Sir Owen Mac-Carthy Reagh), was himself the purchaser of Arda- hill, Oarravilleen, Derry-clovane and Taunmore. INTRODUCTION TO THE POEM. A satire is a poem in which wickedness and folly are censured, with a view to check them. Satire is general. A lampoon or pasquinade is personal, and always intended, not to reform, but to insult and vex : the former is commendable ; the latter scurrilous \—fmda et insulsa scurrilitas. The term. Pasquinade, is said to have been derived from an old cobbler of the city of Rome, called Pasquin, who had his stall at the corner of the pa- lace of Ursina, and who was famous for his sneers and jibes on the passers-by. After his death, as the pavement was dug up before his shop, tliere was found in the earth the statue of an ancient gladiator, well cut, but mutilated. This was set up in the place where it was found, and by common consent named Pasquin. Since that time all satires are attributed to that figure, and are either put in its mouth, or pasted upon it j and these are addressed by Pasquin to Marforio, another statue at Rome. An aeir (satire) among the Irish, was of two kinds, the first was a satire or lampoon, merely intended to censure and annoy, but the second was of a more virulent nature, for the subject of it was not only censured and insulted, but also imprecated and cursed. The first satire composed in Ireland is said to have been by Crithinbeal the satirist, for Breas, son of Ealathan, king of the Tuatha De Dananns, but a Eomorian by descent, whose period OTIaherty fixes to A. M. 2764 ; but of this satire we have no portion remaining. The next was composed by Neidhe, son of Adhna, for his paternal uncle Caier, or Caicher, King of Con- nacht, A. M. 3950. This satire called 5IA11J biccijb, is refer- red to in Corranc's Glossary, under the word tf aire (shortness of life), and from the lines quoted it would appear to be more an easgaine 16 or imprecation, than a satire or lampoon. King Caier, son of Guthar, having no son of his own, adopted his nephew the poet Neidhe, son of Adhna, son of Guthar, The wife of Caier con- ceived a criminal passion for Neidhe, and offered him a ball of silver for his affection. But Neidhe continued to reject her advances until she offered him' the kingdom of Connacht. " How can that come to pass ?" said Neidhe. " It will not be difficult," said the Queen: "you are a poet; you can rhyme him to death, or afflict him with a blemish on his cheek ; compose an aeir for him, that he may have a blemish, and a man with a blemish cannot enjoy the kingdom." " It will be difficult for me to do this," said Neidhe, "for he would not refuse me anything he has in his possession; hehas not anything in the world that he would not give me." " I know," said the Queen, " a thing that he would not give you, i. e., the scian (knife) that was presented to him in the land of Alba; that he would not give you: for he is bound by solemn injunction not to give it away." After this Neidhe asked Caier for the knife. " Alas !" said Caier, " I am bound by a solemn injunction not to give it away." This was violating the ^^)le 7115 (the bounty of a king), and Neidhe composed a Glam Biohendinx him, which caused three blotches to appear on his cheek ! Caier went forth early in the morning to the well ; he drew his hand across his cheek, and felt the three boils on his face, which had been caused by the aeir, and saw (in the foun- tain) that one was green, the other red, and the third white. Caier immediately fled that none might see his blemish, and he delayed not until he reached Dun-Cearmna (the old head of Kinsale), where he remained in disguise in the palace of Gather, son of iSdersgel. Neidhe then became king of Connacht, and remained in the enjoyment of that dignity for one year. He was sorry for the injury inflicted on Caier, and hearing where he was, set out for Dun-Cearmna in Caier's own chariot, and attended by Caiei^ s/aiiAless Queen and his favourite hound ! Neidhe approached the Dun with great pomp, and all enquired who he was ? Caier, who at once recognised his countenance, cried out, " he sits in my seat." " This is the word of a king," said Gather, the son of Edersgel, " and I knew not that you were a king till now." " Save my life," replied Caier. Caier fled through the house and hid behind a rock at the back of the Dun. Neidhe went into the palace in his chariot, and the hound went on the scent of Caier and found him under the rock which is behind the Dun, where he died of shame on seeing Neidhe. Tlic 17 rock ignited at the death of Caier, and a splinter' of it flew at the eye of Neidhe and broke it in his head, and thus the vengeance of heaven fell upon him for his ungenerous conduct towards his uncle, who had loved him, and adopted him as his son. About the same period with Neidhe of Connacht, we find Athairne of Binn-Edair (now Howth), satirizing the men of Leinster for having killed his only son. •" He continued for a full yeai- to satirize the Leinstermen, and bring fatal- ities upon them ; so that neither corn, grass, nor foliage grew for them that year. — Book ofBallymote, fol. 77, p. 2. col. b. See also Statute of Kilkenny, edited by Hardiman, pp. 55, 56, 67. At this time, and for some centuries afterwards, the bards were exceedingly insolent, but they were reformed by the laws passed at the synod of Drom-Ceat, where St. Columb- kille attended, in the reign of Aedh Mac Aiumirech.'' In 1414, as we are informed by the Four Masters, Niall O'Higgin, a famous poet of Westmeath, composed a satire for Sir Jolin Stanley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, which caused his death; and it was remarked that this was the second ^oe^- ical miracle performed by the same Niall. ' A somewhat similar story is told of Clock Lahhrms, a remark- able roclc near Bunmahon, in tho County of Waterford. This rock, as tradition records, could once speak good Irish, and was remark- able for determining causes, and settling disputes, until at length its heart was broken by the equivocation of a wicked woman, and it split asunder, exclaiming, " bjof) At) f'mm)a V^l') reAtib," i.e. "the truth itself is often bitter." * Notwithstanding the reformation of the Bardic order, caused by the wisdom, abihty, and exertions of St. Oolumbkille, we find various instances of their insolence and bitterness on record. There is a story in the Leabhar Breac (Speckled Book) of the Mac Egans, fol. 35, b, which states that a lampoon was composed for the Kinel-Fiacha (Mageoghegans) of Westmeath, by certain satir- ists, in which it was asserted that they were not descended from Fiacha, the son of the great Niall Naoighiallach, but from a ple- beian Fiacha, the son of Aedh, son of Maelebressi. " O Kinel-Fiacha ! behold your genealogy ! Fiacha, son of Aedh, son of Maelebressi." It is added that this lampoon enraged the tribe to such a degree, that, at a place called Rosscorr they murdered the satirists, although they were under tho protection St. O'Suanaigh of Raithin (Rabin in the King's County), and that for this sanighadh, or violation of the Saint's protection, the Kinel-Fiacha forfeited two townlands to O'Suanaigh, which formed a part of the possessions of the church of Raithin, when the story was written. See the Miscellany of the Irish Archieological Society, vol. I. pp. 170. 180. 3 18 The fame of the Irish bards in this respect reached even England. Eeginald Scott (Descoverie of iFitchcrqf't, Boole III, c. XV. j3. 35.) states, "the Irishmen will not sticke to affirme that they can rime either man or beast to death." And in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the bards became so obnox- ious to the government by their rhymes to foment rebellion, that severe laws'vcere passed in parliament against them, and those who entertained them. It appears from the Publia Records, that in 1563, articles in the following words were, among others, assented to by the Earl of Desmond, to be observed to the state. Item, " for as much as no smale enormyties doo growe within those shires [the Counties of Cork, Limerick and Kerry] by the continuall recourse of certain Idle men of lewde demeanor, called Rhymors, Bards, and dyce players, and Carroglis, who under pretence of their travaill doo bring privy intellygencc betwene the malefactors inhabytinge in these severall shires, to the greate distraction of true subjects, that ordres be taken with the said Lordes and Gentlemen [his followers] that none of those sects nor outhere like evil persons be suffride to travaill within there Rules, as the statuts of Irelande doo appoint, and that proclamation be made accordinglie, and that who- soever after the proclamation sliall maynteine or suifre any suche Idleraen wythin there several tcrrytories, that he or they shall paye suche fines as to the discretion of the said Com- missioners or Presidents [of Munster] for the time being shall be thoughte goode. Item, for that those Rymors doo by their ditties and Rhymes made to dyvers Lords and Gentlemen in Irelande in the commendation and heighe praise of extorsion, rebellyorf, rape, raven, and outhere injustice, encourage those Lordes and Gentlemen rather to foUowe those vices then to leve them, and for making of such rhymes rewards are gyven by the saidLordes and Gentlemen, that for abolishinge of soo heynouse an abuse ordres be taken with tlie saide Earle, Lordes, and Gentlemen, that none of them from hencefourthe doo give any manner of rewarde for any suche lewde rhymes, and he that shall offende the ordres to paye for a fine to the Queue's Majestie double the value of that he shall so paye, and that the Rymer that shall make any suche Rhymes or ditties shall make fyne according to the discretiance of the said Commis- sioners, and that proclamation be made accordinglie." — Harris's TFare. vol ii. p. 127. The poet Spenser recommends the checking of these warlike 19 barda who fired tlie minds of the young with..rebeUiou. His words are worthy of a place here, as a corroboration of the proverb, that "two of a trade can never agree." Iren. "There is amongst the Irish a certaine kind of people, called Bardes, which are to them insteed of Poets, whose pro- fession is to set foorth the praises or dispraises of men in their poems or rymes, the which are had in so high regard and estimation amongst them, that none dare displease them for feare to runne into reproach thorough their offence, and to be made infamous in the mouthea of all men. For their verses are taken up with a generall applause, and usually sung at all feasts and meetings, by certaine other persons, whose proper function that is, who dso receive for the same great rewards and reputation amongst them." Eudox. "Doe you blame this in them which I would otherwise have thought to have beene worthy of good accompt, and rather to have beene maintained and augmented amongst them, then to have been disliked ? for I have reade that in all ages poets have beene had in speciall reputation, and that (me thinkes) not without great cause ; for besides their sweete inventions, and most wittie layes, they have alwayes used lo set foorth the praises of the good and vertuous, and to beat downe and dis- grace the bad and vitious. So that many brave young mindes have oftentimes thorough hearing the praises and famous eu- logies of worthie men sung and reported unto them, beene stirred up to affect the like commendations, and so to strive to the like deserts. So they say that the Lacedemonians were more excited to desire of honour, with the excellent verses of the poet TirtoBUs, then with all the exhortations of their cap- taines, or authority of their Eulers and Magistrates." Iren. " It is most true, that such Poets as in their writings do labour to better the manners of men, and thorough the sweete baite of their numbers to steale into the young spirits a desire of honour and vertue, are worthy to bee had in greate respect. But these Irish Bardes are for the most part of another mind, and so farre from instructing young men in morall discipline, that they themselves doe more deserve to be sharpely disciplined; for they seldome use to choose unto themselves, the doings of good men for the arguments of their poems, but whomsoever they finde to be most licentious of life, most bolde and lawlesse in his doings, most dangerous and desperate in all parts of disobedience and rebellious disposition, him they set up and glorifie in their rithmes, him they praise to the people, and to yong.men make an example to follow." 20 Eudox. " I marvaile what kinde of speeches they can finde, or what face they can put on, to praise such bad persons as live so lawleslie and licentiouslie upon stealthes and spoyles, as most of them doe, or how can they thinke that any good mind will applaude, or approve the same." , Iren. " There is none so bad, Eudoxus, but shall finde some to favour his doings; but such hcentious partes as these tending for the most part to the hurt of the English, or maintainance of of their owne lewde libertie, they themselves being most des- irous therof, doe most allow. Besides this, evill things being decked and attired with gay attire of goodly wordes, may easily deceive and carry away the affection of a young mind, that is not well stayed, but desirous by some bolde adventures to make proofe of himselfe j for being (as they all be brought iip idely) without awe of parents, without precepts of masters, and without feare of offence, not being directed, nor imployed in any course of life, which may carry them to vertue, will easily be drawne to follow such as afly shall set before them ; for a yong minde cannot rest j if he be not still busied in some goodnessehe will finde himselfesuchbusinesse as shall soonebusie all about him. In which if he shall finde any to praise him, and to give him encouragement, as those Bardes and Ehythraers doe for Uttle reward, or a share of a-stolne cow, then waxeth he most insolent, and halfe madde with the love of hiinselfe, and his owne lewd deeds. And as for words to set forth such lewdness, it is not hard for them to give a goodely and painted shewe thereunto borrowed even from the praises which arc proper to vertue it selfe. • As of a most notorious thiefe and wicked outlaw which had lived all his life-time of spoyles and robberies, one of their Bardes in his praise will say. That he, was none of the idle milke sops that was brought up by the fire side, but that most of his 'dayes he spent in armes and valiant enterprises, that he did never eat his meat, before he had won it with his sword, that he lay not all night slugging in a cabbin under his mantle, but used commonly to keepe others waking to defend their lives, and did light his^andle' at the fiames of their houses, to lead him in the darknesse ; that the day was his night,' and the night his dayj that he loved not to be long wooing of wenches to yeeld to him, but where he came hetooke by force 'the spoyle of other men's love, and ' Thady Dowling, sa^s of Rory O'More (A.D. 1577), that the "Irish rimei-s extol hira like him that burnt Diana's Temple," Annates, p. 42. 21 left but lamentation to their lovers ; that his musick was not the harpe, nor layes of love, but the cryes of people and clashing of armor j and finally, that he died not bewayled of many, but made many waile when he died,'that dearly bought his death. Doe you not thinke (Eudoxus) that many^of these praises might be applyed to men of best deserts ? yet are they all yeelded to a most notable traytor, and amongst some of the Irish not smally accounted of. ¥or the song when it was first made and to a person of high degree there, was bought (as their manner is) for fourty crownes." JSudox. " And well worthy sure. But tell me (I pray you) have they any art 'in their compositions? or bee they any thing wittie or well, savoured, as poems should be ?" Iren. " Tea truely, I have caused divers of them to be trans- lated unto me, that 1 might understand them, and surely tliey savoured of sweet wit and good invention, but skilled not of the goodly ornaments of poetry j yet were they sprinkled with some pretty flowers of their natural! device, which gave good grace and comeliness unto them, the which it is great pitty to see abused, to the gracing of wickedness and vice, which with good usage, would serve to adorne and beautifie vertue. This evil custome therefore needeth reformation," — View of tie State of Ireland, Dublin Ed., 1810, p. 119 to 124. In 1573, the Earl of Thomond (Conor son of Donough O'Brien), enforced the law against the Bards, and hanged three distinguished poets, " for which abominable and treacher- ous act the Earl was satirized and denounced." See Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 1572, p. 1657. About this period there was a poem addressed to CyBrien, by his ex-chief poet MacDaire; in which he admonishes the inno- ' vator not to dare lay violent hands on any of the venerable order of the Bards j tells him that he (Mao Daire) has a deadly weapon — a venemous satire — to cast, which would cause short- ness of life, and against which neither the solitudes of valleys, the density of woods, nor the strength of castles would protect his enemies. He then adduces examples from Irish history of the destruction caused by the aeirs, or satires of ancient poets J as the satire composed by Crithinbheal, or Cairbre Mac Edaine, the satirist, for the comely, magnificent, and poud king, Breas Mac Ealathain;' the one composed by ' A copy of this satire, the first ever composed in Ireland, is pre- served in the ^library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 3, 17, p. 840. It begins, " Cei) cole At* cnjb cenijeije,' 22 Neidhe, for Caiclier, king of Connacht, which at first, by super- natural means, disfigured his face, and finally caused his death; and the one composed by Dalian Forgaill, which wounded and withered king Aedh Mao Ainmirech. The Bard then warns O'Brien not to force him to fling this ominous weapon at him, a weapon which, from its miraculous nature, would extinguish all his good deeds, raise a disgraceful blotch on his cheek, — check his prosperity, and shorten his life. This warning, however, seems to have made no impression on the Earl, for he continued the friend of the English cause in Ireland, and the enemy of the Bards and their abettors during his life. About this period flourished Teige Dall O'Higgin, son of Cairbre, and brother of Maurice, Archbishop of Tuam. He composed a satire ' on six persons of the tribe of O'Hara of Leyny, in the County of Sligo, who had forcibly taken some refreshments in his house. The force of this satire was so much felt by the O'Haras, that they soon after returned to his house, cut out his tongue, and murdered his wife and child. See O'Reilly's IrisA JFriters, p. clxx, Aenghus O'Daly, the author of the very characteristic poem, now for the first time submitted to the public, is generally known to Irish scholars by the appellation of the Bard Ruadh, or Red Bard, and sometimes by that of Aenghus na n-aer, i, e. Enos, Angus, or ^neas of the satires, — to distinguish him from several other O'Dalys of the name Aenghus. He lived in the reign of Elizabeth, and is said to have been specially employed by the agents of Lord Mountjoy and Sir George Carew'' to write this poem, which is a bitter satire, lampoon, or burlesque, 1 This satire begins "SI11A5 reini^ c^iniS 60'n) ciS>" C'-^- " * group of six [men] came to my house)." He describes the miserable starved appearance of these O'Haras, "who were anatomies of death: living dead men," and concludes by praying that they may never be killed in battle, but that they may continue in life, which was worse than any death 1 1 2After the death of Sir Peter Carew, junior, the claim of the Carew family to half the kingdom of Cork, and the barony of Idrone, in the County of Oarlow, was taken up by Sir George Carew, President of Munster, who corroborated his title by all sorts of forgeries, and among others by an Irish prophecy, which he got composed for the occasion — perhaps by our author ! ! A copy of this prophecy, with a translation and three explanatory notes, is preserved in his collection of MSS. now at Lambeth Palace (No. 607, fol. 149), and runs as follows. We are not, however, told the name 23 directed against the chiefs of the principal ancient Irish fami- lies, and such of the descendants of the Anglo-Normans as had adopted their customs and formed alliances with them, in order that an easy conquest might be made of the country by dint of assertion and bare-faced effrontery, which were likely to stir up , their angry passions. The boast of the Irish was hospitality, and even their enemy Sir Eichard Cox acknowledges that they were recklessly hospitable. Aenghus executed his task, by attempting to prove in detail, by force of assertion, that they were not hospitable nor generous ; . that they were too poor to afford being so ; which was the mode "of proceeding to excite their anger. He received, however, that kind of reward which he did not anticipate, but which aU recreant betrayers of their race, richly deserve : for on appearing at a banquet in the sweet Palatine County of Tipperary, he was stab- bed tiirough the heart by the order or command of O'Meagh- er, chief of Ikerrin, at the rudeness of whose mansion he had made some scurrilous remark. He is said to have composed extempore, a remarkable quatrain respecting his having so recklessly lampooned his countrymen. This quatrain the reader will find at the end of the poem. On undertaking to produce this poem, he made a regular circuit of the kingdom, — which was then in a most deplorable state of distress, — satirizing the different families in his progress, which he did witli an unsparing pen, dipped in gall, and poison, and sometimes in filthier ink; but he was so much afraid of some of them that he did not venture to defame them. He does not lampoon Red Hugh O'Donnell, because he was, as he of the Saint who made the prophecy, but we suspect it was St. AenghiLS Ceile-De-moin 1 1 — "Z]c^A.\t bo ceAttc* [10 cA|tlc+] At; CljAHiiijAig, 5o itjAft IjAjctieAc l|B A ))b6i)CAJ8e ; t)u6 blo'tll'A sloft AUii)unAi5, Xi't, rcA0)le6 ioif t)A ^)AcUi5e.t [i)o ?>)jAi)lAi5e.] " It will proceed of Oarew's right. You will regret your private aetes ; When many a foreign voice unyte. Will be on banks of Myathlaght." *" CeAttc, a man's title, a man's interest, more fitly a man's lawful estate, or a man's right." t " Cajtic, an evidenoe of any thing, escripts, charters, or deeds of conveyance." % " Myathlagh, a river in Muynter-Vary, in Carebry, Myan Leay [iDjAijlAc] the pleasant r^er of the Leay." acknowledges^ in dread of his vengeance ; and ho had not the stomach to satirize Mac Canii of Clann Breasail at the upper Bann^ because he did not deserve it. Other exceptions are also observable, but it is to be suspected that local scribes have corrupted some quatrains, and foisted in others for their own amusement j. for no original, or very old copy of the poem has yet been discovered, i The poet displays a thorough knowledge of the private and general history of the different tribes and chieftains, and of the localities of their respective territories, — as well as of the man- ners and customs of the period. Prom the numerous refer- ences to bread and butter throughout the poem, it would" appear that these formed the staple food' of the country at the time. The celebrated Florence Mac Carthy, the son-in-law of the Earl of Clancare ; (and, who was elected Mac Carthy More, by the arch-rebel Hugh CyNeill, Earl of Tyrone) wrote a letter? to the English Government when he was confined in the tower of London, advising the bribing of the Bards to bring over the Irish gentry to the English interest ; ' and there can be but little doubt that it was at his suggestion our author was em- ployed to write this poem. ' . . In this letter, which was written in August, 1602 j and addressed to Cecil, the great Florence,' writes: — "The two sorts of people of the greatest' ability and authority to persuade the Irish gentlemen are the priests and rimers: — both dishke the English Government more than other classes do. The priests may not be trusted to do service for the Queen J while of the Itimers only some may, if emr- ployed by those gentlemen whose followers they are by lineal He then goes on to say, that " he means to employ one of special trust and sufficiency." — Boasts that "he was the chief- est cause of cutting off the Earle of Desmond," and says that he is called " a damned counterfeit Englishman, whose only employment was to practise how to destroy his countrymen It appears from various letters in the State Papers' Office, London, that many of the native Irish were employed at this ' See Four Masters, O'Higgin vowed that he would not give bread and butter together to any guest. 2 This Letter is preserved in the State Papers' Office, London. ^ This Florence was a man of gigantic stature, and possessed of such talents that it was thought safer to keep him a prisoner. 25 period as iiitcrpretcrSj and in low siluatious as spies and un- derlings, from which some of them crept into rank and station. Of these, the most notable was. Sir Patrick Crosbie, who was the son of Mac-An-Crossan, O'More's Bard, or Ehymer, and the ancestor of the Glandore family and of Crosby of Ardfert, in Kerry. In a tract in the State Papers' Office, dated 8rd July, 1600, it is stated tliat "Patrick Crosby, or Crossan, was a ' taere Irishman, by hirth' and ' unsound in BODY AND MIND ;' " that " liis father had been Ehymer or Bard to the O'Mores ;" that " he was an underlitig of the Government in Dublin, and procured patents of pardon for such of the Irish as applied to him ;" that " he was in the habit of passing •pa,- im.isv!\\vh purposely contained defects ;" that being a Deputy to Sir Geoffrey Fenton, the Surveyor-General, " lie surveyed for- feited Estates in a corrupt and false manner, at estimates much under their real value ; and on one occasion he made out a pre- tended title for the Queen to forty parcels of land, for part of which he then obtained a patent for himself." It is added that " owinff to these proceedint/s divers tnen in Munster had been driven into rebellion." A. D. 1601, December 2. The aged Earl of Ormonde, in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil, on the subject of the fraudulent and atrocious conduct of the subordinate Government Officials of the day, observes that Crosby's real surname was Mac-y- Crossane ; and that his ancestor had been Chief Ehymor to the O'Mores and O'Connors. In 1601, May, 2. Sir George Carey writes to Cecil, recom- mending Patrick Crosby j who, he declares, was greatly hated by the Irish " as a continual worker of means for their over- throw." He became the chief agent for the removal of the unfortunate seven Septs of Leix, into Kerry ; and for these and like services lie obtained large grants of land in Kerry and elsewhere.' Another native Irishman, and employed by the Government, at this period, was Sir Francis Shane, who was knighted by the Lord Deputy, Sir George Carey, in 1002. He was a member of the sept of the Clan-Shane O'Earrell of Longford. Ho obtained considerable grants of land from the Crown, and successfully exposed great corruption in the Surveyor's, Bscheator's, and Patent Offices in Dublin. In 1605 (September 28), Lord • Letter of Herbert F. Horc, Esq., of Poll-IIorc, County of Wex- ford, to the Editor, dated Is/ August, 1851. 4 26 and Lady Delvin wrote to the Earl of Salisbury complaining of Sir Francis Shane, for disturbing them from lands in Long- fordshire. They mention that he asserted he was one of the OTarrell Clan, and wished to be chief of them ; whereas it was well known he was the son of one Nicholas Shane, son to one Shane some time Smith of Ardcath, and not of the O'Farrell family. From documents in the State Papers' Office, it appears that his mother, Margaret Bathe, had been concubine to Sir William Brabazon, Treasurer of Ireland, who enriched her so much that she found other husbands in Sir Thomas L'Estrange, and — Dillon, by whom she was mother of Justice Dillon of Connaught. Francis Shane and Sir Thomas L'Estrange were knights of the Shire for the County of Gal way, in 1685. Another successful man of the mere Irish at this period was William Doyne. He was interpreter of Irish to the State before the year 1589. He was of the O'Duinn family of Iregan, and was probably 4Bcestor of the now Anglicised and highly respectable family of Doyne, Another very successful interpreter of Irish to the State at this period was Sir Patrick Fox, who during the various rebellions acted as intelligencer. In 1588, he was a clerk to tlie Clerk of theDublinPrivy Council, which important and lucrative office he afterwards filled himself in 1610. In 1607, he was one of the Commissioners for Defective Titles — a much abused office — and he obtained large grants of land from king James. His son, Nathaniel Fox, is the ancestor of the family of the Fox's of Foxhall, in the County of Longford. Nothing has been discovered to prove directly that our Bard was employed by the Government, but it looks very likely that he received a small portion of the secret service money, which was at the disposal of Crosbie, Fox, and others. O'Reilly gives the following account of Aenglms na-n-Aor : " On the 16th day of December, 1617, died Aengus, or Jilneas Eoe O'Daly, as appears by an Inquisition taken at the old Castle in Cork, on the eighteenth day of September, 1624. By this Inquisition it was found that Angus O'Daly was seized in his life time of the town and lands of Ballyorroone, containing three carrucates of land, value ten shillings per annum ; and being so seized, did, on the last day of March, 1611, enfeoff Thadeus Mc Carthy, Eichard Waters, John O'Daly, and Farfasa O'Canty,' and their heirs for ever, to the use of said ' Farfasa O'Canty composed a poem of one hundred and eighty verses on the death of Donnell O'Keeffe of the territory of Ealhi, in Angus CyDaly, during his natural life, and after his death to the use and benefit of Angus O'Daly, junior, his son and heir, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten ; and that the said feoffees, Thadeus, Richard, John and Parfasa, the foresaid premises, without the king's license being first ob- tained, together with Angus O'Daly, senior, did, by their deed, dated tenth of April, 1617, enfeoff Carolus O'Daly, his heirs, and assigns, in the western part of the land of Ballyorroone aforesaid, with the appurtenances, containing one carrucate of land, under this condition, that, wlien the said Angus O'Daly, senior, his heirs and assigns, should pay said Carolus O'Daly, his heirs or assigns, the sum of thirteen pounds, then the said Angus O'Daly, senior, his heirs, or assigns, should be at liberty to re-enter and possess said land and premises, as be- fore the making of said deed. And that afterwards the said Angus O'Daly died on the sixteenth of December, 1617.'' Prom his general, abuse of the Irish Tribes he exempts the Clann Dalaigh, or O'Donnells; because as he says, he was afraid of their vengeance. We have not met any of his compositions besides the present, except a poem of one hun- dred and sixty-eight verses, on the death of Donnchadh Tionn Mheic Carrthaigh (Donogh Mac Carthyj the fair), which begins thus : — " CajiJic 16A1) bo IcAc WjIjoJA," " Misfortune hath befallen LcatU Mhoglia.'' There was also a poet who signed himself y-&i.]\ bo^icA O'ID^Iais (i.e., the dark-visaged, or blind, O'Daly), and some- times njAC Cbo|ttijAic U^ "DhaUij; (i. e., tiie son of Cormac O'Daly), of whom O'Reilly in his Irish TFriiers makes no mention whatever ; unless he was son to Cormac O'Daly, who flourished A. D. 1590. He was author of a bitter satire of thirty-one stanzas, on a celebrated Almanack-maker,' or rather the County of Cork, and on that of the poet Angus O'Daly, com- monly called the Red Bard or Angus the Satirist. See O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. clxxvii. ' We have seen a copy of these Astrological Almanacks, publis- hed at the Sign of the Pot, Stephen's-green, Dublin, A.D. 1696. Dr. Whaley, the Author, is said to be the son of an Englishman who came to Ireland in Cromwell's train ; and is stated to be instrumen- tal in the hanging of a brother to the bard ; which circumstance provoked this bitter invective. We understand that there are origi- nal documents in the hands of a gentleman in town, relative to his father's arrival in Ireland ; and that many of his progeny are still living in Dublin. 28 Astrologer Doctor Whaley, who lived in Stephen's Greeny Dublin; which is the bitterest — most wicked— and diabolical satire, ever written in the Irish language. The poet first describes the hellish pr.ictices of the Astro- loger, whom he describes as in league with the Devil, who since he began to view the moon and the planets, had, with his Balor-eye, destroyed tlieir benign influence j so that the corn-fields, the fruit-trees, and the grass had ceased to grow ; the birds had forgotten their songs (except the ominous birds of night), and the young of animals were destroyed in utero. He then begins to wither this Antichrist of Ireland with imprecations, awful in the highest degree; implores that the various diseases which waste the world may attack him, and calls down upon his guilty head the curses of God, the angels, the saints, and of all good men. Dr. Whaley, however, does not appear to have melted before this aeir of O'Daly, for he lived to a great age, and composed more effectual lampoons on the Irish, than the Bards (then on the decline) had composed on him. His Almanacks throw much light on the history of the ferocious times in which he lived. See Annals of the Four Masters, Ed. J. O'D., A.D. 1414, note 1. For the amusement of the Irish reader we give this satire in the original Irish. ?xo]n Dh)0(!:cu)n whaley. CpcAb Ai) fpftocc tjo'i) cocc-f A Aitt Sl)Ac6\i--^o\v, Plte]cioUAC, pufAc, ppiorlAc, v&Arc*c ; 2l)Ab|tA-AUA b'AlpA6 SAebUib, t)ljjo6 le peojl ?Vo|ue 'f uf j-5e 5itg|fe, ^5 fll«e55 sad aod rnJIb, Cjk AD coUtD A btticite 'f AD buD^^D ISada ; 'S DA bAO]De, pAjtAO]jt ! rDA]t AD 5-c6AbDA, OciODt'SA^D ADC-J*iitlbbAlA1ftbeiCA3Ali)AHC DAlt6AlcA9> Astrologer 6'q hjac J^aUaocaoo Whalei/. Diida6 Ajt bo funl]b 5AD lfe|ti-itof3 I IFuAcc Aijt bo clttAj*A]B 3AD feirciocc ! CAjlcfD 0|ic 'f bttAij bjc-c6]Ue I 'S i)a2]tA]b ]-p|teA3 A d-aIc \)!x b-|:6]fc le^c ! SpAbADAf Ab tSADSAlO 1)J^ KA5AlIt UbAlflC bo 6&ADAtt), 5ad ftDloit, 3An rf"lor> 5" l**!!^ *>o S^asa ; Ssnioj- DCADDCA 'x CADDCAtv bSil ope, TioUd f jODD ir tl'^"*^ I'Sadja ope. TiAbpA]* bpoAC If 5aIap pfejfce opc, bolsAo tijuc 'j" bolsAc 6ad ope ; Cors i^uAjl 'v DiofcSib cl6)b ope, Scurvy, cp]0c, 'f 5«Up da d-ao ope. 81 TAllfAOlft 'f fOump Ab Olj' 'r Ab 56A5A16, bolgAO Tbt«AOOCAC Ab ceAi)D 5AI) b6AbA]b ; LobA|t 'f caodcaI a 3-cioi)i) a cfe^le ojtc, 'S 5AC pUi5 ba^ b-c«ni)l5 bo'o 6]5ipc. ' Goj-jAipc Ab deApc-lAfi A5 bAolAib, \ !P.6|r^® *5 *>"^ cpioc 'f Ab SfeAfi-gofij ; "''?» bo CJIOICIOI)!) UA1C eAbcottjxA b& itAobA, ?V0 ^OQAb 8ub JUIt Ctt A1) ffeAfCA. ?l3 Belzeluh Ab fcjtACAA d c6|le, ^Vj Cerberus 30 pAbAiit a biiicite 'j-a b&^ce ; OfSAjt i)A fttiire A5 p(if5A8 bo bttgAO-ouipp, *S Averroea tjA ij-5Aitb-b(tacc bp&AOA, ' ?t tljftO fA CAC 'fA )*5eACpAC ottc A (J-^IOfeACC. ?V Itljpitt T)A loCC 'fA C0|l bo &6ADA ; ?Vtj ^Ajb be]8i|t be6 ijiv ^tA^b ffeAi) ojic, 'S 30 b-cuiq|t Ab bAllAfb o 6&\le. T^f ^JAbA fioitije bf c(i a tj-3AlATt 6A5A, 3o 3-cii|fn8 jtACA oA 3-ceAT«c o^tc ai) roiji) cAOfSAc; Do |i|ij bo dopp ti^AllAisce peACA^be bo j-sfeAccAO, Do leAc bo seACApe Ai|t fCAb i)a b-G'IpcAi)!). ?^ bftbAl|ic cii ltt)ij Ab leAbitAjb 61613, Sup bo clocA 'f bo c|iofut) bo 50j8iijjb flfeAccA; Wf f foit buic f|i3 A feAD6(it b(t6i3c, ?lcc bo'i) ?VcAin, *'<''■' ^*"^ 'r ''o'o SpPf*** NAOtijcA. ?l coiblfeitt bobAi5, lobcA, SP^OA, Mf bei8 mfe a i)-eAiipAib Uac r*!) 5-cAr P 5 Nf A5 i>l6 citeibiti) leAc ac& id6, ?lkcc b^ rijoUo 6111c le 3ui6e s^jtficA. SOaUaoc D& o|tc 'i-A t)A0rij-5Jt)ACAtt, 20aUacc flA fl-?ipi-CAl ope 'fAij PbApA: SCaUacc i)a SA5Aitc ope 'f OA nj-t)lt«lCAlt, .SOaUacc ija ifl-bAlijcueAbAC 'r ija ij-s^fiUc. SQaUacc t)A Ia5 oftc ']• i)A Uibip, SQaUacc fiol ©AbA '3111" ?V&Airij ojtc ; ^cA fftil A3An) 30 b-fAicfob aij U ivb 'Ha b-CAbA|t|:Ai6 DiAftrpAib' ttjAtiCAigeAcc Apb buic, ' The Jack Ketch of his day. 32 ^fl beA^A^AC fOCAlftj fo6rt)A, l&{tAC, le rcfottn6)pi&e tDAioe 'f co)l6Ap co^ibe, *S nyii ta]C]]i a bobAis 50 n)-b\\\yceA\i bo co&rtjA, 'S 50 b-cu|ci6 10506 bo cof 'f bo l^rijA 6foc. 2^^ buAilceAjt ftijA|lc ojtc jeAbAiS cii pl^fCAji, ^ IiiinjA Vulcan a b-pocA^ji bo lij&cAii; 3o b-ce|l5ceAji add cu 50 beijte da .n-5ttAr*» 'S o^p pd|tii& CUJOSO ope, D^ A 2iO«kCA|it ? jA|i[tAin) fub Aiji DbiA, 5A0 pAib ioi)5At) b&p lu|5 beAW tD6A|i xi'«. 6[ib65, D«^ beAtt5DA|c 50b ofic, 5AD bwD bo cjijij A5 j^ile AgAf A 5D^lc-f lie ; A5Af cii Ab lii^be ajji leAbA Aicjop A n)AOil|t)0 t^feibe A nj-b&Al boitui]- 5At) cortjUo ; TeACc iijjle aci) CAibpioii), acc CAibpiorij |:aoIcoij, leosAij, ASAj* leopA|tb ; asaj* 3A0 bo b|tAc f UA]t) ope ACC f5AO]lceo5 i-OAbnjAC bo jojbpjo cii ; bo copp bo jeAbA]* h'AX lejj- ai) nj-bolgAC 'pjiAiJOOAC I Wj beA5 \\on) yo auoji* bo p^6 leAc, 2^Ap \\ buACAiU bocc tije z'li, lo|f5ce, cp^i6ce; l)e6 Alp 6l51t) bfeir mo c^ipbe, ^V'l* nje Ai) fCAp bopcA, rtjAC CljoptijAjc Uf D1)^Ia|5.' The last satire, lampoon or burlesque of any note composed in the Irish language, was written in 1713, by ?Vo&A52kD 0'Rac5A]116^ (Egan O'Eahilly), a Munster poet, on an in- dustrious farmer and tax-gatherer in Kerry, named Tadhg Dubh O'Oroinin [Teige Duff O'Cronin], the ancestor, in the female line, of the Cronins of the Park, near Killamey. In this bnrlesqne, O'Eahilly traces the pedigree of O'Cronin in thirteen generations to the devil ! ! This outrageous lam- poon was intended by its author to ridicule the illiterate ple- beian families planted in Ireland by Cromwell, and such of the native Irish as united with them in oppressing the old Irish race who were permitted to live on the lands of their ancestors, in cabins not worth more than thirty shillings per annum. • In other copies this line reads : — 8 For a sketch of the life of Egan O'Rahilly, see The Poett and Poetry of Munster, (second edition) p. 21, Dub. 1850. 33 The copy selected for publication was made by a Munster scribe named Quinlivan, about A. D. 1770j and is the best we remember having ever seen. But the publisher not being altogether satisfied with the correctness of its text, applied to the C3ouncil of the Koyal Irish Academy, for permission to compare it with any copies which may be in their library ; and that body, with the spirit which animates all true Irishmen and lovers of the literature of their country and race, immediately responded to his call, by placing all their MSS. before him for this purpose ; and he feels bound to say that, in their col- lection he found three copies of the poem, in which he found several stanzas not in his own, nor in any other copy he ever met with. Professor Connellan also gave permission to use a very good copy of the poem which he made from one compared and corrected by the famous old schoolmaster and scribe, — Peter O'Conuell of ICilrush, who flourished from about 1780 to 1824 ; — the original of which, is now in the library of Lord George Augusta Hill, of Ballyane House, County of Donegal — thus leaving on record for posterity, whatever its fate may be, the best copy of O' Daly's satires extant. It is necessary, however, to inform the reader that we have arranged the diirercnt quatrains of the whole satire under proper heads — the verses relating to Connacht are first in con- secutive order ; and next come those of Leinster, of the families of which province our author said but very little. Next comes the portion relating to Ulster, where he seems to have made several journeys ; and last of all we have placed the portion relating to Munster — ^his native province — and where he lost his life by the hand of a Tipperary O'Meagher, to whom the knife and sword were equally familiar. JOHN O'DONOVAN. 8, Newcomen Place, North Strand, Dublin, January, 1852, 34 Cuvo C\)onr)Acz font). 21 b-^tt^l b]ob f 101)1), A5U1* bub ; Jr 11)6|t Al) CeA1)1)AC eACAi|i buit)!) bill b'A b-CAfAi)')^ CAO]|ie le b-ucc AbAtjt) ]Ab. CIatji) R)0CAi|tb 8 befT)!) 50 be]pi), O CblU Cbo]ib&it) 50 Bui|i]OD ; SciOCA-ftbA]5 If 6 A X)-A]V]n), FloCAfibAjj A b-fO|t-A]t)]rr). ' Goats' milk, bAjijije At) lijioij-eAlUjs, literally, milk of the email cattle. ?l)|o')-eAlUc, i.e., the pecudes, goats or sheep, contradistin- guished from the itioti-eAlUc, i.e., cows. The imbecile chief of the O'Kelly's here referred to, was probably Hugh Oaeoh O'Kelly of MuUaghmore. 2 Loch Ce, now Lough Key, a beautiful laTje with several islands, in the barony of Doyle, County of lloscommoii, near the margin of which, stands Rockingham, the magnificent residence of Lord Lorton. 3 The Carrick (i.e., the Rock), i.e., Carraig Locha Ce. This was the name of Mao Dermot's chief Castle, which is situated on a small i.sland in Lough Key. From this Lord Lorton formed the name Rockingham, for his mansion. See a view of Mac Dermot's Rock, or Carraig- Locha- Ce, in Doctor O'Conor's suppressed work. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Charles O' Conor of Belanagare. The allusion here to the absence of ships on Lough Key looks obscure enough. By Loingeas, however, is meant a fleet of boats, not of ships, as the word is now understood. At the present day a Connacht gentleman would call his boats on any of the great lakes, such as Lough Corrib, Lough Mask, or Lough Key, his "fleet." The bard wishes here to insinuate that there was no cot or ferryboat kept at Caladh Locha Ce, by order of Mae Dermot, in order that no bard, minstrel, beggar, or any of the luce jAnitAcA i)e)c, might be able to get across to his ceAc ij- Aoi6eA& ! ! The present head of the family of Mao Dermot of Carrick, is the Prince cf Coolavin, for an account of whose family the reader is 39 A red-hot stone iu goats' milk," With the meal if it oe got j Says the imbecile of the race of Ceallach, " It is a good dainty in Spring." Seeking for acorns on willow trees, Seeking for ships on Loch Ce;' Seeking for a cot at the Carrick,' Is like seeking wealth from an oaf. The Clann Bickard after mass. Will not ask you to their houses;* It is difficult for us to go to bark at them. They are sheep facing the river. The Clnnn-Rickard from cud to end, I'lom Kilcorbau" to Barren ;" Stickards [misers] is their [true] name, Rickai'ds their nickname ! referred to Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Cliarles O'Conor of Belanagare, pp. 305, 306. * To their houses. In other copies the reading is :— " ?l b-c] jce f^n reAci)A]b n*''-" " Their own houses they shun." 5 Cill-Chorbain, i.e., the Church of St. Corhan, now Kilcorban, in the parish of Tynagh, barony of Leitrim, and County of Galway. It contains the ruins of St Corban's Church. Bee Ordnance map, sk. 117. * Burren. buittftii), from bottft great, and oiji) a stone, i.e., rocky district, now Burren, a barony forming the northern portion of the County of Clare, remarkable for its limestone rocks. It formed the southern boundary of ClanrickarJ, which comprised the baro- nies of Leitrim, Loughrea, Dunkellin, Kiltartan, Clare, and Athenry, in the County of Galway. The Clan-Rickai-d are the descendants of nickard Mor De Burgo, son of William Fitz-Adelm, who died in the year 1205, and who was usually called William the Conqueror, by Irish Writers, as having conquered the province of Connacht. If our author had known the character given of Fitz-Adelm, by his contempory, Giraldus Cambrensis, he could have referred to it here with effect against the Burkes of Clanrickard, " semper in insidiis, semper in dolo, semper propinans sub melle venenum, semper latens anguis in herba. Hibemia Expugnata lib. ii. c. xvi. "He died im- penitently, ■without shrine, or extreme unction, or good burial in any church iu the kingdome, but in a waste town.'' Annals of C/on. macnoise. 40 2QucA bttbA CblAlotje Seo^ijli), 2t)Ai|iib U]le Acc b^]tjt a 5-ciuAf ; 20A11teA15t) ^l 1JA CTt^DAC |IUA&, O cAc 2QbAi5e 5uA]]te ai)uai*. tto b^SAf oi6ce 3AT) b^T;, 21 b-qj A15 5bloUA-8u]b, 'f 5AI) biAb ; Nt bu]6eAC -peAii aoij uAi]ie, 21 i)-5oTt^ Jpi)rs-5"<^1T*® itiATJj. t^l A0]tA1tD-fe ACC tDt)^ njACA, CIadija t*1o5> 1)0 |to-plACA ; 2tc^ n^'l*® T^<>y^> ^^1* V^]V, ]^p(i AO^t n)]^e bu|t tI7^co]|v. 21 Cloc A1J iruA^cIt) ! a Cljuntr 5A1; ccaiji) ! Le'ii rbeAfAf njo cul bo cu|i ; •ID'a })-]OT)i)f A156 ijio|t bolcA bAlDj 2I1J Cloc 'i)A tij-b] A1J 50]tcA A|t 50|t ! > TAe Clann-Jennin, CUijij Seo]i)}i), now the family of Jennings. They descend from Seojijii), or Little John Burke and Nuala na Meadoige, daughter of O'Madden, the <:t>«v)i) ititAfi, or red sow, here referred to. 2 The tops of their ears, i.e., being torn off by the dogs. This is clearly figurative. 3 Magh Ouaire, i.e., Guaire's plain, a level district, in the territory of Kinel Guaire,near Kinvara, in the County of Galway. See Har- diman's Edition of Jar-Conjiac/i*, p. 332. The date of this battle has not yet been determined. * Gillydaff, i.e., the black vfight, or youth. This was the cogno- men of Sir Roger O'Shaughnessy, who died in the year 1569. He was not therefore living when this poem was composed. See Tribes &c. of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 376. 6 Oort-innse-Ouaire, i.e., the garden of Guaire's holm or island, 80 called from Guaire Aidhne, king of Connacht in the seventh cen- tury. This is the present Irish name of the town of Gort, in the barony of Kiltartan, and County of Galway, formerly the chief resi- dence of O'Shaughnessy. 6 Oreat chieftains. Our author is here rather severe against O'Shaughnessy of Gort-innse-guaire, — " cujus nobilitatem antiquita- tem et integritatem, qui non novit, Hiberniam non novit," See Hy- Fiachraeh p. 373, and who boasted that he was the heir of Guaire Aidhne, king of Connacht, who was the personification of hospitality and generosity among the Irish poets, Ibid p. 891. According to tradition, on calling at the castle of Gort, the Red Bard found the Lady of O'Shaughnessy only, at home, who paid him no attention whatever ; but on the arrival of her sons, she informed them of the Bard's departure, and they set out after him to bring 41 The black hogs of the Claim- Jenning,' All survive except the tops of their ears ; * The litter of the red sow have lived, Since the battle of Magh-Guaire' downwai'ds. I was a night without drink,* In the house of Gilly-dufr, and without food ; An occasional visitor is never thankful. At Gort Innse-Guaire' at any time. I satirize but good women. The sons of kings or great nobles f Ye are tlierefore free, I have not satirized your mother.' O Cloch an stuaicin ! * O Court without a roof ! To which I had intended to turn my back ; To visit it I should not have gone, The stone-fortress in which famine was hatching ! him back. He would not however return with them, and then being aslced whether he had satirized their mother for her inattention to him, he replied in the words of our text, I satirize, &c. 7 Your mother. She was the Lady Honora Ny-Brien, as nobly born a woman as the Bard ever had the honour of raising the ceo^A FGAtibA on her cheek. But in her youth she had embraced a religi- ous life, and became abbess of the nunnery of Killoan, near the town of Clare, in the barony of Islands ; but from this seclusion she ran off with Sir lloger O'Shauglmessy, by whom she had one son and one daughter, before they could procure a dispensation for their marriage. Thus was she vulnerable to the Bard's lampoon, but he was by far too severe. Later chiefs and members of the same family have also been rather unfortunate in their choice of wives, and have been severely lashed by the Bards, as Colonel William O'Shaughnessy, who went to France after the 1? evolution, where he died in 1744, and whose wife, the daughter of Lord Clare, lived with her own butler, William Boy [Buidhe] O'Kelly, after O'Shaughnessy's de- parture, and of whom one of oar Bards has written: — " !il BeAi) bo FUAitt rlvjc sac ii)i)^ bo cojiV i).\ b-treAjt, 0"Se.\cl)i;ArA!5 ai) lki5, r&t* "JAc ci5eAlti)A Ai) 51)uil>c, a ii)AiA 5AI) ijiitte, ir nam ")au "'eiing &«i= '■ ill) c-iti.\cAti Aijajjioe A i)-*ic lA &iAUA|be otic !" MS., R.I.A.,— Bodges and Smith's Collection, iVb. 37,4, p. 259. 8 Cloch-an-slvaicin, i-e., the stone, or stone-fortress, of the small projection, out-jutting (rciVAjc) point, or pinnacle ; now Cloghastoo- keene near Loughrea, in the parish of Kilconickny, barony of Dunkellin, and County of Galway. It was the seat of a branch of the Burkes of Clanrickard, and extensive ruins of a Castle are still to be seen there. See Ovd- map, sheet 105. 42 2l]t D-bul bATi) 50 t>'in? A^Aiitce. 1 Dunsandail (Oui) SAtjbAiO, i.e.. Sandal's Dare, or earthen-fort, now Dunsandle near Loughrea, in the County of Galway, the exten-, sive demesne of James Daly, now Lord Dunsandle. At the period to which the text refers, it belonged to a branch of the Clanrickard Burkes. 2 Dun, i.e., an earthen fort j but the word is here used in the sense of seat or residence. 3 The son of Calphurn, i.e., St. Patricl;, the Apostle of Ireland. " Patrem habui Oalpornium diaconum filium quondam Potiti pres-, bytcri." Confes.iio S. Putricii. * Clann- Gibbon, our author here unquestionably alludes to the Clann-Gibbon, who were seated in lar- Umhall, to the west of the, mountain of Croaghpatrick, or the Reek, in the barony of Murresli, County of Mayo. According to all the Lives of the Irish Apostle, he remained for forty days and forty nights on this lofty mountain, which was then infested by malignant demons, who opposed his progress in preaching the Gospel in this dreary region, but whom he drove thence headlong into the sea. Some of them, however, took their flight across the bay of Donegal, and took up their abodo in the gloomy valley of Glencolumbkille, where they remained undisturbed until finally expelled by the great Thaumaturg, St. Columbkille. The Gibbons, who dwell around this mountain, have been at all times remarkable for their incorrigible tendency to cat- tle-houghing, and other barbarous crimes, which suggested to our author, that they were real demons, and according to some of the Bards of the West, they are descended from Orom Dubh, the chief of the Demons expelled from the Reek, who returned to Lag na n-Deamhon, after the death of St. Patrick, and married Barrdubh, the daughter of Balor Bemeann. 43 When I arrived at Dunsandle,' My girth was full that day ; But after getting slender in that dun,'^ I could never thereafter be filled. If it were to banish demons, [brine ; The son of Calphurn' came from the east across the He did not banish all the demons. As the Clann-Gibbon^ are here still. In Eirin he was not noticed, Neither was he spoken of in Alba ; I have promoted OTlyn's welfare. He would remain unkuoM'n had I not satirized him. I got in O'Flynn's desert, A pittance for which my miud was not thankful ; An oaten wafer in the church. And its covering of horn butter.^ Patrick Gibbon, commonly called, the Bard of the West, on hear- ing this quatrain repeated, objected to it.s metre, and said that it should read as follows : — SI)&'r bo fejbittc i)A i)-beAii)oi) 6 eitt)t)i), CajoiB ^'^<^ Cl)Alpnuii)n cah T^jle ; a'r ClAiji) Sbiobu)!) A i)-Uii)AU Uj ?t)l)AlUe. If it were to banish the demons from Eirin, The son of Calphrun came over the brine. He (lid not banish them all from us. As the Clann-Gibbon are in O'Malley's Unjhall. But Thibbot of the brandy, a famous satirist of this race, always boasted that the Gibbons of Oonnacht were of the race of William Fitz-Adelm, the ancestor of the Burkes. 6 In the Church. This was the Church of Kas Dachonna, on the river Boyle, near the town of Boyle, in the County of Roscommon. It is now called Eas- Ui-Fklahm (anglioe Assylin), from the family of O'Flyn, who were hereditary Comharbas of St Dachonna M.ac Eire. See Annals of the Four Masters, Ed. J.O'D., A.U. 120[>, p. 1C2, note '■> and A.D., 1222, p. 203, note ", where some strange errors of Ware and Colgan respecting this Church are corrected. The word Pise in the second line of this quatrain, is explained by O'Reilly, " A voluntary contribution given to such of the decent poor as are ashamed to beg. It also signifies the four first of the corporal works of mercy." 6 Horn-lutter, or butter from a horn. The Bard here seems to suggest that O'Flyn '3 butter was so scant, as that it was preserved in a horn ; or perhaps that it was gathered for him by beggars, who usually had a large cow-horn for carrying therein the small bits of butter they obtained here and there as alms. See aicuJAb Ai) bljACAIS. MS, Ling. Hit. in our collection. 44 Jf tDAlJtS A |IACA& A blA& ^^ 1JA b^tOjIJU J 2t]t&T) If CAIJA 'l)^ lA]t)1J 611*3j 'S n)Alt GAC fCAI)5*11) All ii)6lt ^° S^^l'^PJ')- Bit^icjte 2t)Ai5De ^f tDA^c f«i n)o\in)ot)z, )tC n)A]t |r^ 5AC ry\ ijac s-ca^c n<^*' j jf tT)A]C Tf'A CAf l)«]&e b'AblAllJI) ]A&. B|t&icfie Ai) Cl&i]t ]1* lAb A be]]tiTt7, CjlfeAb ^A s-ce^lpiiji) A loccA ? 2lt) bitcAti) cioc]tAC, clAT)ij-Tb6T*j 2I5 A m-bi 5Ai)p-5l6]t i)A 50|icA ! Cujt) l^i^e4r). S65 11* i^eAjtii b*& b-i:«A|tAC p6c, 21 tA]5i)ib, tijoibe a njioyop ; ^AbAjt c|tiiA5 A b-c|5 U| BblK^M^ 'S 5At) Iua6 A|t 6]5 i;a 66^5018. 1 Kilcorban, see note ^, p. 39. supra. 2 Muighin, i.e., the Abbey of Moyne, near Killala, in the barony of Tirawley, County of Mayo. The magnificent ruins of this Aboey are still extant in excellent preservation. It was built for Francis- cans of the strict observance, by Mac William Eighter De Burgo, A.D. 1460, and suppressed in the 37th of Elizabeth. See Archdall's Monast. Hib. 3 The friars of Clare, near the town of Galway, where the magni- ficent ruins of a Franciscan monastery are still to be seen. See Archdall's Monasticon Hibernicum, pp. 277, 278. ' Large families. This does not mean that the friars had numerous families or children of their own, though the original text might well bear that interpretation ; but that their numerous poor relations looked to them for support, as at the present day. 6 O'Byrne's Country comprised the entire of the barony of New- castle, with that portion of the barony of Arklow, lying north of Inbhear Daoile, in the County of Wicklow. The last chief of the senior branch of this family mentioned in the Irish Annals, was Teige 45 Kilcorban' this church to the west ! Alas ! for him who would get its food in his belly : Bread that is thinner than the fins of a fish, And like a pismire's steed, on a dish I got it. The friars of Maighin^ are liberal of wormwood, They are liberal of every thing which they do not use ; Two decrepid very feeble seniors. Who are liberal of the crumbs of their wafers. The friars of Clare,'^t is they I mention, — Why should I conceal their faults ? The greedy group with large families,* Who have the penurious grumbhng of famine. THE PAUT WHICa RELATES TO LEINSTER. The daintiest dish I got as yet. Among the Leinstermen, the more their disgrace ; A lean goat in the house of O'Byrne,* And no mention of drink after it ! ! Oge O'Byrne of Newragh (ai) lubjiAc), who died in 1S78, leaving eight sons ; but from this period forward this senior branch of the O'Byrnes was eclipsed by the superior power, fame and importance, of that of Fiach O'Byrne, the head of tlio Gaval-Runall O'Byrnes of Ballinacor Castle, which is probably the house here referred to by our Bard. A reference to Spenser will shew that this powerful leader of the O'Byrnes, was attacked by more cificient satirists than Aenghus. Eudoxus. " Surely I can commend him, that being of himselfo of so meane condition, hath through his own hardiness lifted himself up to the height that he dare now front princes, and make tearmes with great potentates ; the which as it is to him honourable, so it is to them, disgracefull, to be bearded of such a base varlet of late growne out of the dunghill." &c. This Fiach defeated Lord Grey at Qlenmalure, in 1580, but in 1597i the tough old rebel was run to earth like a hunted fox, and killed in a cave at Farraneren, by Captain Thomas Lee, commander of Ilathdrum fort, who induced Fiach's wife to betray him and his sons. He was succeeded by his son Feilim. 4,6 TltAC U| KlAS^^t) t)A ]tUA5 b-CAIf, Luce <^ij ci)e CAlbAC 0'Coi)CAbA1ll. 2t)^ttj fil A|i lof A1& b]tor)t)-Ai|ibj 21 b-qj AT) CbAlbA]5 ciil-]tuAi6; SseAlpAttijAC le c&AbAib fCApbA I 'S 50 ti5-bA]t)|:eA6 fub n)Ai|ib Af uAjj ! A. Feara Ceall, i.e., the men of the Churches. These were the 0"Molloy's of Kinel Piachaoh, whose territory comprised the bar- onies of Fircall, Ballycown, and Ballyboy, in the King's County. They took their hereditary surname of O'Maoilmhuaidh, from Maolmhuaidh, chief of Peara-Ceall, who was slain by O'Carraidh in the year 1019. See Annals of Kilronan ; also Leabhar-na-g-Ccart p. 179. n. 2 Flaying, xei-m^f>, whether this may mean scolding. Some have understood this totally different, as follows : — The Feara-Ceall churning newmilk [rjor .1. ij&f, i.e., newmilk,] It is a cause of scandal and disgrace, The Feara Ceall flay their cattle. On the banks of eacli river. Daniel MoUoy, Esq., of Clonbela, near Birr, in the King's County, is hjcally believed, to be the head of this family. 3 the family of Granard, i.e., the Shoridans, who were Herenachs, 49 The Pearn-Ceall' celebrating customs ! It is a cause of scandal and disgrace ; The Feara-Ceall are usually flaying/ On the banks of each river. The family of Granard/ of the narrow church, A people without clemency, without truth ; A thirsty tribe, without butter, Dregs of the bottom of hell ! THE PART WniCH RELATES TO ULSTEIl. I would rather than visit his house, T'o ask for silver, or cattle ; Travel to the sea along JJnnbha [Ireland], To give respite to Mac Mahon.» The house of payment which paid not me. And the house that sustains without a burthen ; If any one choose to have luck, He will shun the old house of Mac Mahon. or hereditary wardens of the Church of GranarJ, in tlie County of Longford, and Coinharbas of St. Guasacht, who was bishop of the place in St. Patrick's time. His festival is celebrated on the twenty, fourth of January. * Mac Mahon (JiXjAc Sl^AcJAipijA), i.e., Mahon of Oirghialla, or Oriel, which at this period comprised the entire of the County of Monaghan. Aenghus O'Daly was not the only person employed to satirize this family in tlio reign of Elizabeth. Campion who wrote in 1567, says, that Mac Mahon signifies the Sear's son; and Spenser who wrote in 1596, says, that the Mac Mahons of the north were descended from the Fitz-Ursulas, or De- Veres, who fled from England during the Barons' wars against Richard ii. To which Sir Charles Coote adds, in his Statistical Account of the County of Monaghan, that their ancestor had murdered St. Thomas A Beckct I For their true descent, viz. from Mathghamkain, Lord of Farney, who was slain at Clones A.D. 1022, see Shirley's Account of the Dominion of Farney, p. 140. 7 50 S|tAibeo3 CluAT)A z]o]W)A qob]tAib, BeA5 A b-10T)Ab A|t cul leice, <0|tuitD TtjeACCA At) bAile bo3, 5aij Aitic^ijtieAc, — 5A1) eAfbo5, — 5*1) Acc && c^i]ti)eAC ']-feAl)A]6 A1) UAI]!-]*] f 6]l 1JA njAltb J 0'Ra5aUai5 At) feAD5||t ^-uAiSce, 'S A clAt)i) 6eA|t6|l, b]tu|&ce, bAlb. Siol SATb]tA&^ii) D5eAi) — cAOc ai) ri)AcA]Ti, CaOC AIJ C-ACAlft — CAOC AT) XT) AC J Caoc aij capaU h]oy \:'«,'r) c-fjtACAUt, LeAc-cAoc AT) cu — caoc ai) cac. Bjtoc A|x 3Ai]tbe A^f Alt SjUife, 21t> A|t ii)&|b A'f A^i Tbio-tbAife ; 5ilott»Ac A|% 36l|te A && f ttl — SiopijAC A|t bftfe^ije AIJ BA]t6ij ! PocA beA5 A t)-5A|t b'A ^la]V, 2Q]At) bo tijiAijAib AIJ BbATtu]!) ; •Doipfe buijrA A]t beAS^i) b^fe, 21 ij-A]5&ii) Cu]jtce Ai) CbluAiiJiij. ■CA ]*5ACpAC A|t tt)6A|tA]b A1> b]tUJC, O -TsitpbAS A co]ll copuij; ; t>o be]|t SIoUa ija ij-jeA^b ^-eAij, JoiJ5A &eA|x5 A]* A 6ei|ieA6. 2t)Ait leAijA^b x]6l t;eAnjijA]Uij, ■C|ie ttjAi]tb-lpD lo]t5 IJA Iacaiij; LeAIJA^b 2t)A1JA]5 AIJ C-AH*1J, "Cite poU-bAll^llJ IJA fflACflAC. ' jTo the north of Loch Sileann, i.e., of Loch Sheelan, a spacious lake on the borders of the Counties of Meath, Longford, and Oavan, The people here referred to, are the Mao Tighearnans, now Mac Kernans, or Kernans, of the territory of Teallaoh Dunchadha, now TuUyhunco, in the County of Cavan. In 1585, this barony also paid tribute to Sir John O'Reilly, but at an earlier period it belonged to O'Bourke, and was considered a part of Connacht. * Depredation on shamrochs. Campion who wrote in 1567, says of the meere Irish: " Shamrotes [i.e., shamroges], Water- cresses, Roote.s, and other hearbes they feed upon : Oatemale and Butter they cramrae together. They Drinke Whey, Milke and Beefe broth. Flesh they devour without bread ; come such as they have they keepe for their horses. In haste and hunger they squese out the blood of raw flesh and aske no more dressing thereto, the rest boyleth in their stomackes with Aquavitse which they swill in after such a surfeite, by quarts and pottles. Their kyne they let blood which growne to a jelly they bake and overspread with Butter, and so eate it in lumpes. Historie of Ireland, Dub. Bd. p. 25. ' The Baron, i.e., Conor Maguire of Enniskillen, who was called 53 To tlie north side of Loch Sileajin,' They are without any bit in summer ; But when the milk of the goats comes on, They commit a depredation on Shamrocks.^ Blind is the daughter — blind the mother. Blind the father — blind the son ; Blind the horse which is under the straddle. Half-blind the hound — blind the cat. A badger in roughness and in grcyness, An ape in size and ugliness ; A lobster for the sharpness of both his eyes, A fox for his stench is the Baron.' To have a small pot near his knee. Is one of the habits of the Baron j The doors are closed on little food. In the depths of the Court of Cluainiu.'* Hie Mrcus digitos suos tabo infectos habet, A foetido podice scabendo ! Hie homuneulus vetustd (seabie) laborans, Ungues cntenfos sua ab ano detraJiit ! As the Nemon-seed^ is pursued, By the ducks through the stagnant pool. So the Managh's^ pursue the bread. Through the pin-hole of the straddle. aMs Uiftjit SAllbA, i.e., the "English Maguire,'' and also " the Baron" by the Irish, before he had actually received this title from the state. * Cluainin. i.e., a small lawn, holm or meadow. This was the name of a strong stone house belonging to the " English Maguire" (Conor, son of Conor, son of Conor More son of Thomas Oge), &nd situated near Lisnaskea, in Fermanagh. 5 The Nemon-seed, i.e., duck-meat, which grows on the surface of stagnant waters without a root. This quatrain has its words too much transposed. It could be arranged thus : — ?l) 2t)Ait ii)uD co|li5 A 5-cop^t), 21 b-f uAjtAf bo b|VAcAi) iTjpce. 1 Derrybrusk. (tJojtie-tJnorB*!*-) This is the present name of a celebrated Church near Enniskillen, in the County of Permanag-h, of which the family of Mac Gillachoisgle, now Cosgrove, were Heren- achs, or hereditary wardens. See Annals of the Four Masters, under the name of Aireach Brosga, at the years 1384, 1482, 1484, 1487, 1506, and 1514. In the Annals of Ulster, which were compiled in Fermanagh, it is called by both names, from which it might be in- ferred that the words Doire and Aireach are synonymous, meaning roboretum, a place of oaks. 2 Clann Dalaigh, i.e., the race of Dalach, son of Muircheartach. This was the tribe-name of the O'Donnells of Tirconnell, at this time the most powerful family in Ireland. The Dalach from whom they derived their tribe-uamo was chief of Tirconnell, and was slain in the year 868. The Dalach from whom the O'Dalys (the poets) descend, was of Corca Adhaimh, or Race of Adam, in West Meath, and descended from Maine, the brother of Conall Gulban, ancestor of the O'Donnells. See the Introduction. The poet may have in- tended an equivocation here ; for his own family, the poetical O'Dalys, were the Corca, or Siol Adhaimh, i.e.. Race of Adam 1 3 Small streams, i.e., as small streams flow into the sea, so small chieftains flock to thy standard, and acknowledge thy superiority. * Hero of Loch Feahhail, i.e., of Lough Foyle near Derry. This hero was the celebrated Hugh Iloe, or Bed Hugh O'Donnell, who was treacherously taken prisoner by the Lord Deputy Perrott, in the year 1587, when he was in the sixteenth year of his age. He escaped from the Castle of Dublin in 1590, and was re-taken the same year, and confined in Dublin Castle again, whence he escaped a second time in 1592, in which year he was inaugurated O'Donnell. He fled to Spain after the defeat at Kinsale in 1602, and died the same year. "He was a lion in strength, a Caesar in command." See his character blazoned in the Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 1602, p. 2297. 55 At Uoire-Brosgaidh,' wliich God has not blessed, Starvation is ever hatching in the Church; A thin cake, like the fins of a fish. And like the egg of a blackbird, I got on a dish. Should I satirize the Clann Dalaigh, The race of Adam would not be a shelter to me ; The Clann Dalaigh" would be a shelter to me, Were I to satirize the race of old Adam. To place you over their heads. Is no disgrace to the men of Eirin; Small streams' naturally flow to the sea, O fair hero of Loch Feabhail,* Sad was my visit at Christmas, To the house of O'Dogherty* of the Island ; Like cock's piss^ in a cup. Was the porridge I got there. The race of this Hugh are extinct, if he left any. The Count De Lucena of Spain, late Captain General of Cuba, Count O'Donnell of Austria, and Manus O'Donnell of Castlebar, Esq., descend from Con Oge, the brother of Niall Garbh O'Donnell, Baron of Lifford. * O'Dogttertj) of the Island, i.e., O'Dogherty of the island of Inch, in the barony of Inishowen, County of Donegal. This was either Sir John O'Dogherty (son of John, son of Feilim), chief of Inis- howen, or his son. Sir Cahir, who was Icnighted by Lord Mountjoy for his bravery in fighting against the Earl of Tyrone and his followers ; but who rebelled himself in 1608, after the flight of the Earls, and lost his life in a hopeless struggle. Aenghus was afraid of the Clann Dalaigh, but not, it appears, of the kindred race of the Clann Fiamain or O'Doghertys. The Island here referred to, is Inch, in Lough Swilly, on which O'Dogherty had a strong Castle. The cause of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty's rebellion is thus briefly explained by Sir Heni-y Docwra, in his Narra- tion of Services, published by the Celtic Society, in the\r Mlicellcanj : — " Presentlie after him (Roory O'Donnell) came O'Doghertie alsoe with a lettre from my Lord [Mountjoy] to mee, to pray me to de- liver him the possession of the He of Inch againe I which hee him- selfe had past away before, first by lease for xxi. yeares, and after- wardes in fee simple for ever, both under the greate seale 1 ! I tould him this warrant was too weak to doe what it imported, and shewed him reasons for it Hereuppon hee tooke it more to hearte, sent agents to deale for him in England, they prevayled not till my Lord was deade, and then with impatience led away with lewd councell besides, and conceiving himselfe to be wronged in many other thinges, hoe was first brooke out into open Brebellion ; but that fell out a good while after," pp. 278, 279. * Cock's piss. In some copies the reading is njui) CAiUige A s-copaij, i.e., vetuta; urina in mainla sou pocu/o. 56 O &ii)i;e l]AC 50 leAijAb j Cac^i)A]5 ija 5-cfeitt>eAi)t) Ia5j SsitACApAJS 6]|teA1)T) AO]tf Ail. M] b-fUA]t bo Voce A|t Oi|teAcc-2l|bne, 2tcc 5AIJ AOi) oeAc Ai)r) bo TtiAit^AbAO]]" ; H] ]tACA]b co]&ce 5AT) cAob co^^a, 5o cAob |t6]6 't)a itogA A ji]y ! ! 2l]t&1J CApA AX) ^jr||tCj )r ireAi fe 'nr Ai^bpAw; •D^ tp-bA ^oijAT)!) cuftjA bojb, •Dap ij-b6ic bA cfiujtije At) AblAijt). ' 37ie Cahans, i.e., the O'Kanes of Oireacht-Ui-Chathain, situate between the Foyle and the Bann, in the County of Londonderry. S5l%JiCAi)Ai5 t)A bGitteAij, is here a great calumny ; and the next qua- train was evidently interpolated by Aenghus himself, or some other bard, to take the sting out of it. The O'Kanes were called Oireacht- Aihhne, from Aibhne (son of Diarmaid, son of Ouinhaighe na- Coille), who flourished A.D. 1432, and was the progenitor of nearly all the subsequent chiefs of this family. The chief at this period was IJonncU Ballagh, son of Ilory, son of Manus, son of Donough the Hospitable, son of John, son of Aibhne, or Evenue, a quo Oire- acht- Aibhne, a tribe-name by which the chief families of the O'Kanes were at this period designated. He was inaugurated in the year 1598. Fynes Moryson tells a story of the chief of this family, from which it is clear, that the Bard Ruadh, was not the only satirist who attacked him. A Dutch traveller called at the court at Dublin castle, and said, among other things, that he had visited the Castle of Limavaddy, in the North of Ireland, where he was admit- ted to see the daughters of O'Cahan, some of whom were very nymphs in beauty ; who were sitting round u. fire stark naked. They bid bim sit down on the ground and form one of the company, which he did. Soon after, O'Cahan their father, returned from hunting, and addressing the stranger in the Latin language, desired him to talce off his clothes and rest. The only covering the chief had on was a large cloak, which he took off on entering the castle, and then he too being stark naked, sat down at the fire along with his daughters. It is curious to remark with what intense determi- nation the English Government at this period turned all their force of cannon, muskets, treachery and satire, to overthrow " the wilde Irishrie" and "to extirpe the Geraldines." Sir Richard Keane of the County of Waterford is of this Northern race ; his grandfather who was an Ulsterman, was an Attorney in Waterford. Sir Robert Kane of Dublin, the celebrated chemist, is also of this race — His great grandfather was a native of the vale of the Roe j his grandfather removed thence to Meath,, and his family ultimately became chemists and manufacturers of Soda and Oil of Vitriol in the City of Dublin. There are various families of the name in the original territory, but none higher than the rank of 57 To satirize them is not diificult for luCj, From the hoary-headed man to the cliikl, The O'Cahans ' of the ignoble deeds, — '. Eirin's idlers — I will satirize. I found no fault with Oireaclit-Aibhne, But that they had none to entertain ; They will never move -syithout chosing their side. And the easy side will be their choice again.'' The tliin bread of Disert/ Is slim indeed and paltry; Were it and the wafer of the same shape. Indeed the wafer* would be heavier ! farmers, except those in holy orders. The Ilev. Mantis, or M.iiias- ses 0'Kane,_P.r. of Omagh, who is a native of Ojreacht-Ui-Cliath- ain, is the finest specimen of.the race living, except l)r. Cane of Killcenny ; and "William Kane, who headed the Irish at the battle of Carrickshoclf, slaughtered the police, and fled to America. * Their choice again, i.e., they never join any party until they see which is likely to bo the victors, and whenever they happen to bo mistalcen, they hesitqte not to return to the easy and successful side ! ! Lord Mountjoy, in reply to Sir Henry Docwra, who plead- ed in favour of O'Kane, in 1602, observed of the latter (Miscellany of the Celtic Society, p. 277) : " Hee is but a drunken ffellowe, saith hee, and soe base, that I doe not thinke but in the secreete of his heart, it will better content him to be so than otherwise ; besides hee is able neither to doe good or hurte &c., &c., But, howsoever. By God, sayeth hee, O'Cane must and shall be under my Lord Tyrone, " In the meane time, my Lord Hugh (the Earle of Tyrone's eldest Sonne) and I went home together, and when wee came to the Derrey I sent for O'Cane, and tould him what my Lord's [Mountjoy's] plea- sure was touching him : Hee beganne presentlie to bee moved, and both by speach and gesture, declared as earncstlie as possible to be highlie offended at it, argued the matter with mee upon many pointes, protested his fidelitie that he was now undone shewed many reasons for it, and asked if we would claim him hereafter, if hee fol- lowed my Lord of Tyrone's Oouncell though it were against the kinge, seeing he was in this manner forced to be under him. In the end seeing no remedie, he shaked handes with my Lord Hugh ; bad the devill take all Englishmen, and as many as put their trust in them, and soo in the shewe of a good reconciled friendship they went away together." 3 Disert. 'Tlicro are many Churches of this name in Ireland ; but the one here referred to is un cA^c co^itce, Boic i)A 50]tcA, Boic ^6]8be ! 21 cu]l beAS ub A|v but) ijA SA^ble, 43'a ti)-b'eol bu^c bfeADAtb i^iiAbACj Bl)feA]tpA 11)0 CHlb ATtA^I) a'i* ItDCj Co^f 1)A )-1 1)1)6 leAC 50 ^UA]tAC. 3Qu^i)qii 6A5ttAj — buAilce beAjA, p1i)T)e lAb DA|t co^-Aii) cl^u; )y h If ceol bo^b ceol i)a cu^le, 2ln)pAU A ti)-beol jac bqpe 8|u. consecration as used by the priest at mass. It is thus defined by Dr. O'Brien, in his Irish Dictionary, " Abhlank, a wafer; abhlann choisreicthe, the [consecrated] Host, or Eucharist." However, we are not to infer that the poet spealts of it here irreverently, or after its consecration, but before it, when it is no more than any other bread ; and he could not perhaps introduce a more fitting comparison with the thin cake ofDisert, 1 Kilrea, C}\\ K1A5A, an ancient Church near the little town to which it gave name, in the north of the barony of Loughinsholin, County of Londonderry. The family of O'Diomain, now Diamond, who were hereditary Herenachs of this Church, are still very nume- rous in this neighbourhood. 2 Acorns " tJeAncAji) .r. bAtt-ci)u .ictju t)A bA^Ac fthe nuts of the oak]." Cormac's Glossary. 3 O'CriUy. He was Herenach of the Church of Tamhlacht-TJi- Chroiligh, now Tamlaghtocrilly, situated a ' short distance to the south of Kilrea in the same barony. This family is also very numerous in this neighbourhood. They think that O'CttUAbUojc, O'Crowley, is the true form of the name, and that O'Orilly is a corruption ; but if this be true, the name was corrupted at an early period, as it is found written O'CttejUis in old Irish MSS. 59 My fare at Kilrea' Was the wretched acorns' of a bad year; Like the leaves of the blackthorn on the ground. Is the dry-cake of O'Diomain. The little O'Crilly* of the curly locks. Is a wight who never acted to have good luck; The face of this fellow is on his neck, Carrying off his pot with difficulty. Bovevagh ! Bovevagh !* A little hut that is beside the mountain; A hut in which the oaten chaff is measured, Hut of hunger is the hut of Mevagh. O little fly which yonder rest on the rafter's end. If you but knew how to make plunders ; You might bear off my supper of bread and butter. Along the Finn' with facility. The families of O'Hara,* of small Booleys, A tribe that never earned fame ; Their music is the humming of the fly. And the grumbling' of penury in each man's mouth. * Boith MhMihhe, now Bovevagh, an old church near Dungiven, in the barony of Keenaght, and County of Londonderry. These lines are still repeated at this church, and remembered by the local shanachies as the composition of the Bard Buadh from Munster. The name BoUh Mheidfibhe, signifies Meave's, or Mabbina's hut, on which the Bard raises such playful rhymes. St. Aidan, the nephew of St. Patrick, was abbot of it. See Colgan's Trias Thaum., p. 495. The O'Quiglys were the Herenachs of this Church. s AloTig the Finn, i.e., His bread and butter at Bovevagh were so light that the fly might carry it off even to the river Finn, in Tir- connell, without being wearied of its burden. _ << O'Hara. He was O'Hara of Orebilly, in Dal Biada, in the County of Antrim. This family is a branch of the O 'Haras of Leyny, in the Oounty of Sligo, and descends from Hugh, the bro- ther of Conor Gott O'Hara, Lord of Leyny, who died in the year 1231. This branch removed to Dal Riada with the Red Earl of Ulster, who died in 1326. This family is now extinct in the male line. 7 Gmmhling. This music was not as sweet as even the humming of the beetle. " 1r vei^nn rui&e '')■* ^i") TP* T"!*® 'VA fcld" "^^^ " "J^t* cu5A|6 &!* 6v]t)t) ri6," were the usual exclamations of this kind of people. GO 'S 5AI) 1*^1 c re^i>5^TJ ^^W bo fel^^* J CttttA& A CtlOj&e Ap At) 5-CeACA]t1)AC ^OflCACj Mac bCAitijA qj qtonj-fUice A]t fl|Ab. C^Tjel T^b^gAitcAiS t)A T^in, pwiSeAll CArsAiije a'|- feicij ; ')p|]t Tb6|tAj li)AOCA, tbeACA, CaOCA, CAtIJA, CO|r-b[teACA. 2l|ib UIa8 5ai)0, 50|icac, "Cilt 3AI) AOibijeAl*, ^At; AjpficAUu ; 2t)AC AT) C-SAbA0in5 AtJ C)10CA||ie 5<>1^1; T^eAft CATSAiitc b&i|iDeAc le 1)-Aiitc]i)i). M] ^Abo'\) &)c lo^A b-);A5CA]i pioi) j Without a desire to watch the king's roads." the iron bars, through which his Enemies, the Savages, entred upon him." < The jEnglish hangman. This was intended to have its effect among people of Milesian Irish feeling. Oox, in his address to the reader, after remarking that the old Irish wished to murder all the Anglo-Irish, writes : — " However, the secret of this design was not divulged, Until O'Neale, in his Triumphs to Munster blah'd it out ; for being told that Barrett of Castlemore, though an Englishman, was k good Catholic, and had been there four hundred years, he re- plied that he ' hated the Clown as if he had come but yesterday. ' Since that We have many more instances of it; and that this antipathvj has extended itself even to English cattle and improvements. It was another O'Neale who said, it did not become him to writhe his moilth to chatter English j and that executed a solder because he had English bisket in his pocket." * The king's high road, i. e., to rob the passengers if they were fentlenien or merchants. These were evidently the Magennises of >undrum, in the County of Down. Dundrum was famous for wine. Here Shane O'Neale had at one time two hundred tun of *irte in his 6ellar, "whereof and of usc[uebaughhe would drink to that excess that to cool himself he would be put into a pit, and the earth cast round him to his chin, and so he remained, as it were, buried alive till his body was in bettei" temper." It would be very difficult to get AenghuS O'Daly to satirize sUch conduct as this, which to hiirt would sedm all right. It was grand, reckless, and glorious j not like O'Dogherty's cock's piss in a cup ! 63 B'olc A cuVaic A|i A be^c aiji) ; CeAC|tAtt) i-pibeo^se A^se A^t ce^iJiS, Sl'i* fifi 0]TtceA|t u]le b'a^ c|tein) ! BeAS&D bAii)i)e A TDO|ti)Aij TOAo^&ceAC, BeAS^i) blAcAige a 5-cuAcAu cah) ; BeAS^i) Ait&it) le CO]]* bAllA, 21']* ijeAb A5 A19 bubAi)-AllAi& ai)1). 2t)AC Ca1)1JA A1) li^]X> X^^'^V' ^^^ l*uAiitc ; 21 T)-5leAi)T)CA]b ]:nAOTC coblAib bo jo^c, 'MuAiit ^bjb A ^-Ajc n)ut)Ai& 'fAD Iuatc. Call's ^*"' ^ *'"C13 ^1^ 'Doi)dc1)a8, Fo b'fe njo CAitA tflo c]i]Oif ]i]on) f'A]XZ > Ba 1*ATijAllc A bAO^lje '^A b-^6A]*CA, 2t)A|t bA 2loii)e Ai} Cb&A^cA At) Cb^irj! Ce^itc Ui CbAoiti) 6 Cbl^ltAC, 2lfi 5A0|c t)] blot) AT) b]tfei&eAC j 3l*> AC^ A ceAijtj 't)A CIX'JOIJAC, W] 5At)i) roplA Ai)i) 5AC eAi)5 b'^ feAbAc! 21 i^pibeos beA3 ub A^t ai) 3-c]tA0|b, BeA5&ij b^jS 5^6 b'^ogtjAijt) bii^c, 4Da. iT)-be]ce^ 0]&ce a b-c|5 U] CIjAOitt), plaint of the lousiness of the Irish. Fynes Moryson says, that " you could not get a bed in any inn, even in the town of Cork, without being swarmed with lice." Spenser, in treating of the Irish mantle, speaks of the Irish women thus : — " And as for all other good wo- men which love to doe but little worke, how handsome it [the mantle] is to lye in and sleep, or to louse themselfes in the sunshine, they that have beene but a while in Ireland can well witness." — View of the State of Ireland, Dublin Edition, p. 89. Campion remarks, that in his own time (1567), the Irish were getting more cleanly in their ha- bits than they had been formerly. " They have now" he says " left off their saffron, and learne to wash their shirts four or five times in the year. Proud they are of long crisped glibbs, and doe nourish the same with all their cunning : to crop the front thereof, they take it for a notable piece of villainy." Hlitory of Ireland, Dublin Ed. p. 25. 6 O littlq rubin. This is rather severe on the part of Aenghus, when he comes to deal with one who had probably been his old lord and master, but they had a falling out. 7 O'Keeffe's house. This was the head O'Keeffe, who at this time 68 1,6 ceAi-CAiD T0& be^c bui&eAc, S 5W(t t)(v c]5e ATj c-un*5e 'd&'t) c-ah^i) ! BA1)1)C|tACC CpjCe CbcAllACA]!) A|t l6, SeAD-ii)i)^ 3AI) lot) b'A b-cAcA6 le ^^^]V ; )X Teif-S^e feAiJS-cliAbAc a b]b, 3o b-ice b]6 «.'x CA|t A 6if . O P|tUCAf 50 2t)q5-6AllA AD CjlACCA, -C]tU5 8ot)A A b-C^]llA A fClg, ^ 21 i)eii) cAic A5-Cuil-i|'|lj Nl b-pUA^lAf A lj-A1)t)lA1)1J b']1D, 2tblAi)i) le b-im b^ t)-io|*Aii;i). Hf ^u]l f eA]t5 ijAc b-cfe]b Ajt 3-ciilj 2lcc l^eAjts Cbjijofc le cIoiijt) 5blobuij; BeAj At) c-ioi)5t)A6 A iT)-be]c njAit cA, 2I5 pAi" A i)-olc 5a6 aoi) l&. , ©'•DoijijcbAbA 3bleAt)i)A )-lei]*5e, rick. Ordnance map, sheet 14. ■» Clann Oibbon, now a half-barony in the north of the County of Cork ; the country of the Pitz-gibbons, the chief of whom was called the White Knight. This family descends from Gilbert, or Gibbon, the bastard son by the wife of O Coinin, of John of Callan Fitzgerald, ancestor of the house of Kildare and Desmond. See Smith's History of Cork, book i., c. i., and book 11., c. vi., vii., where the fact of Gibbon's illegitimacy is intentionally concealed. The lord of this tract in our Bard's time, was John Oge Fitz-John Fitz-gibbon, com- monly called the White Knight. There was a bt^Aoi) AjllTe. a corro- sive drop, or a bfiAoi) nW1tt®> '•^•» generation drop, falling on the tomb of this family in the abbey of Kilmallock, which wore a hole through the horizontal flag-stone that covered it. It ceased on the death 71 My Walking through green fields, From Little Easter till Lammas j There are many yellow-legged hags in rags, Throughout Orrery,' a grazing.* How miserable was my state within. In a cat's nest at Cuil-iseal j' I got not enough of butter, For a wafer — should I eat it with butter. There is no anger but abates. Except the anger of Christ with the Clann-Gibbon;* Small is the wonder that they should be as they are. Increasing in evil every day. O'Donoghue of Gleann-Eleisge ! ® I will give his character as it is ; An increase of evil ever comes from him. Every day during his life. of the last heir. A similar one is said to have continued to fall on the tomb of the O'Fogartys, in the abbey of Holy Cross, until the last heir of Oastle-Fogarty was hanged at Glonmel, when the pro- perty devolved to the family of Lanigan. Mr. Hardiman quotes this quatrain in a note on Lord Clare, Chancellor of Ireland. See Irish Minstrelsy, vol. ii., p. 132. s Oleann-Fleisge, i.e., the vale of the river Flesk, in the barony of Magunnihy, County of Kerry. The head of this family is still extant, and enjoys considerable property ; and there is a junior branch of high respectability, now represented by Lieut. Col. Daniel O'Donoghue, from whose branch of the family the late Daniel O'Connell, Esq., M. P. wai descended in the female line, as in the following table : — 1. Geoffrey O'Donoghue of Glenflesk. 2. Teige O'Donoghue. 3. Daniel O'Donoghue. 4. Du ff O'Donoghue, died 1727, aged 57, bu ried at Muckrus. 1 I 5. Geoffrey O'Donoghue. 5. Mary, m. Daniel I O'Conn ell of Derrynane. 6. Patrick O'Donoghue, | | I Daniel, 6, Morgan O'Connell 7. Daniel, Lt. Colonel, living. of Carhan. 8i Bev. P. T. O'Donoghue of Daniel O'Connell, Prover, Knutsford, Cheshire. Esq., M.P. 72 J I* 1DAI113 bo TbA|tb A 6eA|ib|t*CAj|t, Sl'i" tijmjA jtA^b 6'ij i)-beA]t5-bl^cAi5, Mac |tA]b ijeAc aijij it]Aii) A]t iDcii-je ! "C^SeAltlJA t)A 5-CltUAC, )h1]t cuArA A5Uf f A5A|ic ; puAc AT) t)6|T)iij bo'ij o^&ce, Bjo]* bo i)A bAOioib Aise. ) ij-beAf-^iiii)AiD CA]t 3AC A]c e|le, ■Ctt^Uib 6 i)blA i'ttl ■*Tt tjeATt) ; p]u tDA|t cftoi^5]b cpiji) A 5-qoi)t)CA&, 4)ul bo coj*Aib c]0]trrjA a i-ceAC ! Hi b-jTAJAlb tijAOc-cUijtj 2l)ui|tif, — (2t)A]citij b6]b A i)-beATti)A l-jAb), — Kai^U njolcA 1)^ Aoiit UAinj-fi, 'tiAO]ve boccA UAi]*le ^Ab. Lu]|t5t)e b|teACA a 5-ce]]tcib l]v, 'S A 3-CAllleACA A|l IJAfS tlJAjt CO]t) ti)A0]l ; 5u|t bitii" AD 5Ab;;ie b-6i56Ai) sopcA, 'S At) 5-CAlt]tA]5 t)AC i:felb]|t fUftCACC f AOl- ' Drunk, To be drunk at this time was deemed honourable. As the O'Donoghues never tools any beverage stronger than stale but- termilk, they should not have been so apt to quarrel as those who drank wine to intoxication ; and yet one brother killed the other with cold-blooded deliberation 1 2 The Lord of the Reeks, i.e , Mac Gillycuddy of the Reeks, near the Lakes of Killarney, a branch of the O'Sullivan Mor family. Mao Gillycuddy is still extant, and highly respectable. 3 Clann Maurice, i.e., the family of Fitz- Maurice, who gave name to the barony of Olanmorris, in the County of Kerry. They de- scended from the celebrated Raymond Le Gros, one of the chief barons of the English Invasion. The present head of the family is the Marquis of Lansdowne, who is not a poor gentleman like his ancestor in the time of our author. * Poor gentlemen. This is not very severe, but it is very clear from the observations of English writers on the same subject that our Bard had received suggestions as to the points he was to touch upon. Sir* John Davies, in his Dincovery, has the following remarks on the poor gentry of Ireland, who had multiplied to such numbers in consequence of the law of Gavelkind, which he condemns. " Besides these poor gentlemen were so affected unto their small portions of land, as they rather chose to live at home by theft, extor- tion, and coshering, than to seek any better fortunes abroad, which increased their septs or surnames into such numbers as there are not to be found in any Kingdome of Europe, so many gentlemen of one 73 Wo to him who slew his brother ! For the inheritance of Gleann-Fleisge ; And that, unless from stale buttermilk, No one ever there was drunk ! The Lord of the Reeks,^ [Hates] both layman and priest ; As the daisy hates the night He hates mankind. In Desmond, above all other places. They deserve from God to go to heaven ; On account of their fasting for their crimes, They should go dry-footed in. The simple Clann-Maurice' shall not get, (I forgive them what they have done) A verse of praise or satire from me ; They are poor gentlemen. Speckled shins in linen rags. And their hags yoked like bald dogs ; Until hunger forces them to break their gads, [Are] in Carrick,* which cannot be relieved. blood, family and surname, as there are of the O'Neals in Ulster, of the Rourks in Connacht, of the Geraldines and Butlers in Mun- ster and Leinster. And the like may be said of the inferior bloods and families, whereby it came to pass in times of trouble and dissen- sions that they made great parties and factions adhering one to another with much constancy ; because they were tied together vin- culo sanguinis ; whereas rebels and malefactors which are tied to their leaders by no bond either of duty or blood, do more easily break and fall off one from another. And besides, their cohabitation in one country or territory gave them opportunity suddenly to assemble and conspire, and rise in multitudes against the Crown. And even now in the time of peace, we find this inconvenience, that there can hardly be any indifferent trial had between the Eing and his subjects, or between party and party by reason of this general kindred and consanguinity." pp. 170, 171, 172. « Carriek, i.e., the Rock. This was CAtinAjs At) pojll, now Carriga- foyle on the Shannon in the barony of Iraghticonnor, County of Kerry, the chief seat, at this period, of John, son of Connor O'Connor Kerry. There are various respectable families of this race now in Ireland ; and in Austria Daniel O'Connell O'Connor Kerry isan officer of distinc- tion who was commandant at Lodi, under Radetski, in 1848. William Conner, Esq., the eldest son of General Arthur Condorcet O'Connor, and founder of the Irish Tenant League, and Fergus O'Connor, M. P., are among the most conspicuous of this family in our time. Major O'Connor of Kerry, is of the race of Murtough Muimhneach O'Connor of Silmurry in the County of Roscommon. 10 74 2t)0 CUIIO A b-C|5 AX) l)0|tA15, l3'^uAt)is barony. 76 2I5 6]tbu5A6 beACA ^AocitAig j 2lii 11)0 8eAtti)Al5 b'^ tij-beibii* c|tuit)y, •Do bfeAppA^DI) O^tjIA lof5A& 1)A n)]o\. 4)6l|tl*e AlJO^It A^ JAO^C ADlAlt, iDttuibce b^b a 5-Cloii)i) UiUiAti) ; Mj f6lb]|l A nif A IJ-AC-^OfSAllc. 21 ij cpoi-SAS T)Ac beA|tijA& |iiAri), ^o ixitlijeAi* bu^r-^e a 2t)l)ic UiUiAiij ; t)o 8feAi) Aoi^ bqc bonj' beo^i), Sgu)* bo't) 2loii)e toort)' Aitijbeoiij ! 21 ^]Ait) 6 cocIa8 cu a ii)ii|1i> N|o]t b-oi^slAb cu ite ijeAC ; )^eA]% At) c^5e 5i8 b'6 b-fej C&']i l6i5eA8 6 ffe^ij A|*ceAC ? '-e., NorthMunster. Before the English Invasion Thomond was a very extensive territory ; but in the Bard Ituadh's time it was considered to be coextensive with the present County of Clare. 2 Oosonium, aijiji^i)!). The English language has no word to express what aiji)Iaiji7 means, i.e., anything taken with bread. How the want of it causes blindness has not been yet explained, but dry bread without salt is not sufficient to sustain life ; and prisoners deprived of ohsonium have roraarkcd that, the sight was the first sense they felt affected. <• From the Ford to theLeap, iflc 50 Ifejii), i.e.> from Ath-na-Borumha, now Ballina, on the east side of the Shannon at Killaloe, to Leim Chonohulainn, i.e., OuohuUin's Leap, now corruptly Loop-head, the south-west extremity of the County of Clare. Mr. Brennan, in his Irish poem describing the Shannon, asks," if the Irish language were lost, what philologist could ever discover that Loop-head was atran- ilation of Oeann-Leimo." * Clann Choileain, i.e., the race of Coilean, son of Artghal, eighth in descent from Cas, the ancestor of the Dal-g-Cais of Thomond. This became the tribe-name of the Mac Namaras (fabled by Spenser and others to be descended from the Mortimers of England), whose country was originally co-extensive with the Deanery of Ogashin in the diocese of Killaloe, but in the Bard Ruadh's time, Clann-Choilean comprised nearly all the region extending from the river Fergus to the Shannon. 6 Tlie Dal-g- Cais, i.e., the race of Cas, son of Conall Eachluaith, King of Munster, A.D., 366. This great race branched into various families, the most distinguished of whom, were the O'Briens, Mao 79 To go to Thomond' was difficult for me, A day-dinner they are never wont to take j One supper and that scantily given. And the want of ohsonium^ left them blind. ! I traversed from the Ford to the Leap,' Thomoud and Clann-Choileain •* Eut a living wight did not bestow on me. The fourth of a groat in copper ! When the Dal-g-Cais^ are fullest assembled. Around the Lord of the Forghas j* The plunder of Clare* would be effected, By half the people of the Lagan.' If you wish to perish of starvation ! Be every Easter at Ceallaj^ Cealla bore away [the palm] for starvation. In digging the church-yards'" in the snow I Namaras, Mac Mahons, O'Deas, O'Gradys, and O'Quins ; and of whom there are still families of high rank in Thomond, and elsewhere. 6 The Lord of the Forghas, i.e., O'Brien, Earl of Thomond, Lord of the river Fergus, so called here from his castle at Cluain-ramhfiioda or Clonrood, being situated on the bank of that river. 7 Clare, i.e., the town of Glare, from which the County was called, when Thomond was formed into Shire-ground, in 1585. * Liagan. This should ho Lagan, of which name there were se- veral small districts in Ireland. There is much truth in what our satirist says here, as will appear to any one after reading the Siege of Ballyally, one small castle near Ennis, which was defended by one Englishman, in 1641, against the combined Irish forces of the O'Briens, who had only one leather cannon, which burst when they attempted to fire .at the castle ! 9 Cealla, now Kells, near Oorofin, in the County of Clare. It was at this time the seat of a minor branch of the O'Briens, whose pedigree is given in an Irish MS. in the Library of T. O. D., H. 1. '" Digging the church-yards This is a most Goul-like lampooning which merited the flame of Heaven to descend on Aenghus O'Daly. The poet Spenser, who came to Ireland in 1580 ,as Secretary to the Lord Grey, who received a grant of 3000 acres of land forfeited by the rebellion of the Earl of Desmond, two miles west of Doneraile, where he wrote his '• View of the State of Ireland," and finished his " Faerie Queene," gives the following horrid description of the wretched con- dition to which the people of Munster were reduced by famine in the Bard Ruadh's time, m his Vtew of the State of Ireland, carried on in the shape of a conversation between Irenaeus and Eudoxus (Dublin Edition of 1809, pp. 165, 167). 80 Joti)&A fc^Aic iti^bAc sUf-^ifsii), 215 CO&U& 100A iDutj A 5-CiU cbiri" ; CAiUeAC 5ob-5feA|i 'y^ civl cUri), 21 5-CAiTle«nj feub, i:uA]t, foUii). 21 ^i|t Ai) cAt)i)A bi5 b*iijj Joi)A|t b'AijAii) f]T))) A T?&5Ail bige, 2li) CAjTtsiof bob' A]! leAC bo 66Aij*tt); 2li)i)v* b-poiisAf 50 i)-5eAbcAtt 6. 2t t)-bo]tAf CbAi|*leAit) Cbwiyij, t)& TO-bei&it)ij-fe ii)ile bli AT* ^"iJ ^^ ''^ 1*13® uAim- lfO)ttde4T)f}. Teioe tt)6Tt A b-cig Ui 2it)eACAiTi, Fll* ^S'lf F®oi^ 1<"5* pocAi]%; Co]\^e tflSji T)A b-fiOD-5-cAOit b-piudcA, "pAoi lotiUogAi' bo U] 9iit)eACAi]i. 6ifiijeAi* ^eA6tD«n)Ac bo tbwiDqT* ^eACAi|t, ASUf a bubAipc 19^ b-A0|t|:A& At) " B«kT*b Kua6/' 2t)eACAi|i 50 b|t^c, (•At) CI i)^tt Ab!i)&ll x^ ^ '^ i)-A0ji)^eA6c Atb&ii) ; A5Uf le^r I'll) bo ctt3 t^caS fAi)t)CAC bo'i) T511) rS'^I^S^lT* *>° ^\ '''* lA^ri) 8eA5-cApA 6e]Y, a tt)-bTt&5Aib 2lei)5Ui]-, 50 ]tAib A3 bttuccAiJ poU A cui]tp A|t Al) UcAift f]!) : 5i6eA& f ul A|t tS^oS |-fe A biibAi|tc : — 5ac a^i CU3AT b'AiDbitcACAib Tt^Aii), 2l|i ti)Aicib 2Qutt)Ai), tDAiqti) jAb ; annells, is here omitted. * Charley, i.e., Cathal O'Conor of Ballintober, County of Roscom- mon. The quatrain relating to Clar Connacht is here omitted. 88 Take Anamcha's clansmen' away from my sight ! They are vagrants and varletsj whose jealous ill-star lets Them do nothing, say nothing, think nothing right — And they swear so, I'd count it a sin to, Abide with them while I had Hell to jump into I There be Irishmen, doubtless, who fast very hard, For the love of God's Mother. If in Hy-Many^ no other; And worldHer motive move peasant and bard, To subsist on extremely thin dinners. They'll have banquets in Heaven as the stingiest of sinners ! The tribe of O'Kelly — ^the screws whom I hate — Will give you goats' milk, mixed with meal, on a plate j This hotch-potch they'll heat with burnt stones, and how droll some, Among them will tell you 'tis pleasant and wholesome I' The Clan-Eickard T brand as a vagabond crew, "Who are speeding to wreck fast. Ask them for a breakfast ! They march to Mass duly on Sundays, 'tis true ; But within their house portal. To a morsel was ne'er yet admitted a mortal. Prom the plains of Kilcorban^ to Burrin^ and back. Not a townland or bally, — from hill-peak to valley, But knows that their true name is nothing but Stack.* They tell them as much, and they'll kick hard. Against you, and swear that they are the Clan-Eickard, • Anamcha's clansmen, i.e., the O'Maddens, of the County of Gal- way. 2 Hy-Many, the country of the O'Kellys, in the County of Ros- common and Galway. 3 Pleasant and wholesome. Called pitA)pji) in some parts of Ire- land. It is considered very wholesome food for putting up muscle but not flabby fat. * Kilcorban, in the barony of Leitrim, County of Galway. 6 JBurrin. \)omv<', i.e., rocky, a barony in the north of the County of Clare, adjoining Clanriclcard. fi Stack. Aenghus calls them Stiekards or misers. A satirist could more effectually wound them here, for they were believed by the the Irish to be the descendants of Rickard O'Cuairsce, the son of a plebeian Irish follower of their supposed ancestor 1 ! Others, how- ever, contend that the race of Rickard O'Cuairsce were the Vis- counts Mayo : sed cum de hoc nihil eerti scio, nihil etiam assertivi determino. 89 All tlie Jennings'' feed hogs, and are hogs too, I think. Such deaf and blind mopers ! Such ditch-water topers ! That is when they can have ditch-water to drhik ! They have cumbered the land since the time of Magh-Guaire's hot battle, which poets do rhyme of. In the house of the black-headed Qilduff^.I passed, A whole day without meeting one bit fit for eating. Heaven bless them I — they do teach a sinner to fast ! I never yet saw or read of in story A niggardlier mansion than Gort-in-shy-gory. Never fear, though, Dame Nora ! ' No lady below The high rank of a princess, believe me, e'er winces 'Neath my poet's knout. Savage sometimes I grow. But with none but the tip-top. And them I do lash, as a stripling his whip-top ! The Burkes of Cloghstookin * are a niggardly crew. They are rough Turks in temper, — and turf-sticks in hue ; They make the few guests they admit, rich and poor fast. On half nothing a day j they make also their door fast ! The O'Flynn,* and his clan, have been always obscure. Both in Albion and Eirin, and if I did sneer, in My own pleasant way at his doings, I'm sure He should thank me j for what notoriety Would he have gained, but for me, in society ? ' Jennings, a very respectable County of Galway family — a branch of the Burkes. s Gilduff, i.e., the house of O'Shaughnessy of Gort [Inshy-gory], in the County of Galway. 3 Dame Nora. The Lady Honora Ny-Brien, daughter of the first Earl of Thomond. The bard certainly had not the honour of satir- izing any Lady of higher birth. * Cloghstookin. A few words of Mangan's are here altered. It might be more literally rendered as follows : — At Clough-an-stookin, 'mong the Batkes, Dire staivation ever lurks ; The child, with hunger, ever bawls 1 Within their drear and roofiess walls I Mac David Burke's castle and mansion, at Glinske, affords a strik- ing exemplification of this desolation at the present day. 5 O'Flt/nn. This was not O'Flynn of Ballinlongh, chief of Sil- Maelruain, but O'Flynn, Coarb of St. Dachonna of Assylin, near 12 90 I found at his church bread, butter, and dirt, And the last very plenty, — but hungry as twenty, I asked for a morsel. ■'Twas black as my shirt What they gave me (my shirt is my jerkin), The butter was scooped from a grimy horn-firkin. Kilcorban,' black church ! » As the skin or the fin. Of a fish is thy griddle bread, scaly and thin j And thy whole stock of milk a gnat's mouth might absorb an Exceeding good half of. Lord help thee Kilcorbau I The friars of Moyne' give you wormwood enough. But that's rather (I fancy) uneatable stuff; Still they'll feed you — that is, if you're handy at filling Your inside with cakes big and thick as a shilling. I don't understand them ; they never may sigh I'or the flesh-pots of Egypt, but why should not I ? Let a priest, if he please, fast himself, like a Bramin, But he's really too kind if he kills me with famine. Boyle, in the County of Roscommon. Dun-Sandle, and Clan Gibbon of Umhall are here omitted. ' Kilcorltan, a well-known church in Clanrickai-d. 2 Church. Tlio Ilorenach's house was generally closo to the churcli. 3 Muyne. The great abbey of Moyne, in the barony of Tirawley, County of Mayo. The friai's of Clare aro hero omitted, or rather what Aenghus said of the two great abbeys has been jumbled toge- ther by the poet Mangan. 91 LEINSTER. Escaping from Connacht I came inlo Leiiister, Where I met neither Esquire, dame, chieftain, nor spinster. To give me a bit, till I came to the house of O'Byrrie,' Where I got some roast meat, but cannot tell whether 'Twas goat's flesh or leather ; But for drink I plumbed vainly jug, pitcher, and churn, And a tallish tin tankard, with horn-nose. IFkat swash they do tipple is more than myself knows ! The Iregaine' broad lands, which of old had tlieir share. Of our conflicts of peril, lie weed-grown and sterile ; Of cheese, bread and butter, their farm-steads are bare ; And, as to a smack of flesh-meat, you Might otTer them 10£ ere one lib would greet you. O'Conor' brags much of his cattle ; their milk Ne'ertheless, is enough to half poison that ilk ; They are poor, skinny, hunger-starved stots, the same cattle. When they walk you can hear their dry bones creak and rattle ! The sooty-faced swine-herds of Granard* I hate. They are shabby and seedy in garb, and though greedy, As cormorants over the pot^and the pla'e. Yet Heavens ! only think in their utter Abasement they really eat bread without butter ! ' O'Bijrne, i.e., of Newrath, or Oloumalure, iii the County of Wicklow. ' Iregainf, i.e., the bavonv of Tinahinch in the Queen's Countv, the country of the O'Ounnes. 3 077o«()r, i e., Calvagh O'Oonor Faly. The trans ator is wide of Aenghus's meaning here. Take the following : — A handful of meal in a trough in his house t Xjortl save tliem from hunger, twould starve a ^ood mouse! 'I he Minstrels the harp-string, do racde and fluier, With noise like the sow's singing bass to her litter. Gr anard, in the Countv of Tjongford. The quatrains relating to the Dealblua, and Fcara Coall, arc entirely left out by Mjugan. n ULSTER. Vd travel tlie island of Banba all over, Erom the sea to the centre, — before I would enter ; Tliat niggard Mac Mahon' — his damnable door ! He'll f^ivc vou the ghost of a dinner, That leaves you, by Jing, rather liungiier and thinner ! Should you visit that hungriest town in the land, Famed for nothing but no bread, which men call Clontobred,' You had best, my gay spark, make your will beforehand j Par from getting an oaten or wlieaten, Cake in it to eat, you yourself may be eaten.' My curse on Drumsnaghta,^ that beggarly hole, Without meat-stall or fish-shop, — priest, vicar, or bishop I I saw in their temple, and Oh I my sick soul ! A profound Irish feeling of shame stirs '' Thy depths at the thought, playing hookey, two gamesters.* All the bread at the Donagh* would just give a peep. At one breakfast or luncheon, — a loaf and a punclieon. For thunderstruck beer, whose contents ran a.s deep ; As might serve at a pinch for a crab- bath, Were wliat I found iu it one day on the Sabbath. ' Maf! M'lhon, i.e., chief of Oriel or County of Monaghan. ' Clontohrid, a Herenach church in the County of Monaghan. 3 Yiiu yaursell'may be eaten. The translator goes too far here, foi Aenghus makes no allusion to eating the living. He merely savs that the cake was so thin, small, and light, that the fly might carry it off under hor wing. * Di umsnaghta, now Drumsnat near Monaghan. ' Gamesters. ' This is incorrect. Aenghus merely complains that the church of Drumsnat had no Herenach, and that there were only two civ)t^i)i5 or priests (not ce1iinil»KnK «f O/a - Cruirahthear Ar 50, n. (JuchuUin's Leap 78, n. Cuil-iseal 70,70, n., 71 Cummins (Rev. J., C.C.) 14 D. Dalach . 3, 54, n. Dalian ForghaiU 22 Dai g-Cais 47, n , 78, n., 78, 79 Dai lUada 59, n. Daly 10, 14, 42, n. Dealbhna 46,47 Eathra 47, n. De Burgo . ( 3, 39, u ,16, n. Deei (see Daoil). Deivin 26, 47, n. Demons 42, n. Derry . 7, 54, ,.. Derrybrusk 54, n. Derry-ciovane . 15 Derry Donneil (see Doire- Ui-Dhomlmaiin. Desmond, 10, 18 O.'S, M., 70, n.. 72, 73, 79, n. Dc Veres 49, «. PAGE. Diana's Temple . 20, n. Diamond . . 68, n. Digging the graves . 79, n. Diiion . . 26 Disert 56, 57, 67, «., 68, n. Disert-togliill . . 57, n. Docwra . 55, n., 57, «. Doire . . 64, re. Doire Brosgaidh . 64, 55 Ui Dhomhnaill . 6 Donagh . 50, SO, n., 51 llonegal 33, 42, n., 65, n. Doneraile . . 79, «. Doohy. Regan . . 46, n. DowUng . . 20, n. Down 51, n., CO, 7.., 61, n. Doyne . . 26 Drishane . . 67, u. Dromach . . 68, n. Drom Ceat (Synod of) . 17 Dromsicane . . 68, ??. Dromtarriff 66, n , 68, n., 69, n. Druincliff . . 6 Drumncen . . 64, n. Druimuca . . 12 Drumsnat . . 50, n. Druimsne-ochta 50, 60, n., 51 Druim Naoi . . 12 DU'Aragil . . 68, n. Dublin .6, M, n., 25, 27, n., 28, 64, n., 69, n. ' Duhallow 66, n., 67, n.. 68, n., 69, n. Dunboy. . 64, 64, «., 65 Dun Cearmna . 16 Dundrum . . 61, n. Dungiven . . 59, k. Dungourney . . 5, ». Dunkellin . 39, n., 41, n. Dunmanus . . 13 Dunsundie, 8, 10, 42, 42, n., 43 Duntairbh . 66, 66, n , 67 Durnauns . . 82, n. Durrow . 6, n. _, CoiumbkiUe . 9 Dyce-players . . 18 E. Ealatlian . . 15 Eachluath, ConaU . 78, n. Eas Dachonna . 43, n. Ui Flilainn 43. «. Ealla . 26, «., 69, n. Edersgel . . 16 Elder Tree (its (luaiity) 35, n. 108 INDEX. Elphin Ely-O'CarroU Emancipation foretold Ennis Enniskillen . 52, Eochaidh Doimhlen Eoghan, race of Eolas Erans Evil eye, its efleot PAGE. 36, n. 82, n. 66, n. 79, n. , 54, B. 37, n. 3 33, n. 69, ,.. 75, «. Fachtna Faghartach Earnane Farney Farraneren Faunmore Feale, river Feara Ceall Fearghal Fenagh Fenton Fergus, river Fermanagh Fcrmoy Fiacha Flodlmach Finn, river Finnyvara Fircall Fitz-Adelm Fitz-Gerald Fitz-Gibbon Fitz-Maurice Fitz-Stephen Fitz-TJrsula Flesk, river Flower 48, 3 60,71. 5, n, 49, n. 45, n. 15 66, n. 48, n., 49 3 34, B. 25 78, n., 81, n. 53, »,, 54, n. 64, n, 17, n. 34, 34, n., 35 59, n. 82, n. 48, n. 7, 39, B., 43, «. 70; n., 74, n. . 70, n. . 72, n. 11,12 49, n. . 71, n. 11 Foighe (explained) . 43, n. Ford . 78, 78, «., 79 Forghas, 78, 79, 79. n., 80, 81. Forkhill . . 62, n. Fort Lodge . . 14 Fox . . 3, 26 Foxhall . . 26 Foyle, river . . 56, n. G. Galway, 9, 10, 26, 36, n., 37, n., 39, n., 40, n., 41, n., 42, n.44, n,, 51, n, PAGE. Gallagh ». . -. 37, n. Garlach Coileauach . 35, ». Garry castle . . 47, n. Geraldines, 12, n,, 56, n., 69, n., 73, n., 74, n. Generation drop . 70, n. Gibbon . 42, »., 43, n. his illegitimapy . 70, n. Gilbert ' . . 70, n. Gilmore . . . 60, n. Gillyduff . 40, 40, n.. 41 Glandore . . 25 Glencolumbkille . 42, n. Gleann Fleisge 70, 71, 71, «•, 72, 73. Glenmalure 12, 45, n. Goat's Milk . 38, n. Gort . . 40, n. Gort-Innse-Guaire 40, 40, n., 41 Granard 48, 48, n., 49, 49, n. Grattan . 10 Griffith . . 5,-n. Guaire Aidlme . . 40, n. Guthar . . 16 II. Haeketstown Heath House Herenachs . 34, n.. Hill, (Lord G. A,) Ilolly-tree, remarkable quality of Holy Cross Hore (H. F.) . 25, »., Hy-Many 8, 10, 5, n. 51, n. 48,71. 33 35, 71. 71, 71. 74, «. 74,75 37, n. 1. lar tJmhall . . 42, 71. Idle Men . . 18 Idrone . . 22, 71. Ikerrin . . 23 Inbbear Daoile . 44, 71. Inchiquin . . 81, 71. Inishowen . . 55, 71. Iraghticonnor . 73, 71. Irish, their character . 67, 71. feed on Carrion 70, ,t., 80, n. MSS. . 13, «., 34, 71. Trophecy . 22, 71. Eimers . 20, 71. Iregan, . 26, 46, 46, n., 47 Islands . . 41, 71. INDEX. 109 James II. . . 10 Jennings, . 40, 40, h., 41 John Mor na Sursainne, 74, n. K. Kane . 56, n., 57, n. Kanturk . 66, n., 69, n. Keane - . - 56, n. Keenaght - - 59, n. Kelehar (Bev. John, P.P.} 14 Kells - " . - 79, n. Kelly - . 37, n. Kenmare - .. 66, n. Kenry-men - 74. 75 Keon - - - 5, n. Kernans - - 52, n. Kerry 12, „.,n8, 25, 32, 66, «., 71, ».. 72, n., 73, n., 74, n. Killala .. - - 44, n. Killaloe - - 78, n. Killarney - 32, n., 72, n. Kilbolane - - 69, n. Kllbryan - . 5, n. Kilconickny . - 41, n. Kilcorban 38, 39, 39, 71., 44, 44, n., 45 Kilcrohano - 12, 13, 14 Kildare - - 70, n. ICillevy - - 62, ». Kilgobnet - . 5, n. Kilkenny ■• 28, n., 57, n. Eilkishen (see Cill Chisin). Kilmallock - - 70, n. Kilmore - - 69, n. Killoan - - 41, n. Kilrea 58, 58, n., 59 Kilrush - 33 Kilshannick - • 68, 71. Kiltartan - 39, n., 40, n. Kinelarty - - 60, n. Kinel Fiacha - 17, "; 48, n. Ouaire - - 40, n. Kingsborough - J 1 King's County 9, 36, n., 46, n., 47, n., 48, 7!., 82, n. Kinsale (see Dun Cearmna). Kinrara - - 40, n. Kippagh - 68, n. Kirk - - 51, n. Kitchen-stuff - - 36, #.. Kyley - - 5, n. Kniglit of Glyn 74, «., 73, n, Kerry - 54, n. Knock Abbey Knockroe PAGE. 51, n. 5, n. Lagan - 78, 79, 79, n. Lag-na-n-Deamhan . 42, n. Laherndota . . ]3 Lanigan . - 71, n. Lansdowne - - 72, 71. Lavalli - . 13, n. Leap , . 78, 78, n., 79 Leay . . 23, n, Lee . 45, a. Leim Chongculainn - 78, 71. Lemster 7, 17, 33, 44, 45, 63, n. 73,71. Leinstermen satirized - 17 Leitrim 34, n., 35, re., 36, n., 36, 37, 39, n. Leix (seven septs of) - 25 Leyney - 22, 59, /<. Lifford . . 55, ». Limerick 6, 18, 66, n., 70, n., 75, n., 76, 76, re., 77. 77, «. Lios-an-doill - - 5, 6 Lismore - . 69, n. Lissadill (see Lios-an-doill). Lisnaskea • ■ 53. n. Loch Ce, - - 38, 39 Cuan - - 60, n. Feabhail, 54, 64, re., 55 Sheelan - 52, 52, n., 53 Lodi - - - 73, n. Londonderry 56, »., 57, n., 58, n., 69. re. Longford 4, n., 25, 26, 36, re. 49, 71., 52, 71. Loop Head - - 78, n. Lorton - - 38, n. Lough Corrib - - 38, n. Foyle - - 54, n. Key - - 38, re. Mask - - ib. Neagh - . 63, n. Kea 9, 39, re., 41, re., 42, n. Scur - . 35, 71. SwiUy - 55, 7j. Loughinsholin - 58, ». Louth 51, 7!., 63, 7i., 84, n. Lucey - - 11 Lughaidh Dealbh-aodh 47. «. Lusma - ■ 36, n. no IX13EX. PAGE. 60, n, 17, 2-2 60, n. 25 66, ». 24, 62, 63, 63, ». 47, n. M. Mac Adam Ainmireach Artan . an-Crosaan Auliffe Cann Cochlain Coise - - 7 Carthy 10, 13, IS, 24, 26, 27, 65n., 66n., 68 n., 74, n. Daire - - 21 Dermot - 38, «., 64, 65 Biarmada - - 65 n. Donough - 66, 66, n., 67 Ealathan - - 21 Edaine - - 21 Egana - - 17, n. Firbis - - 3, 10 GioUachoisgle - 54, n. Gillycuddy - 72, n. Gillamuire - 60, n. Kennaa - - 50, «. Kernans - 52, « . Mahon 48, 49, 49, «.,-60, n., 79, n., 81, n. Namara 8, 35, n., 78, n., 79, n., 81, n., 82, n. Tighernana - 52, n. Walter - - 81, re. William 44, ».. 76, 77, 77, n. Maelebreasi - - 17. «• • Maelduin . . 3 Maenmhaiglie - 9 Madden (Dr. E. B.) - 37, n. Magawleya - - 3 Magaurana - - 51; n. Mageoghegan - 64, n. Magennises - 61, n. Magrannell - 35, n, Maguire. - 52, »,, 53, n. Magunnihy • - - 71, re. Magh Ealla - 68, 69, 69, n. Guaire - 40, 40, re, 41 Rein 34, re. ,35, re. Maighin . 44, 44, re., 45 Maine 3. 37. re., 54, re. Mallow ■ 69, re. Managha - 52, 53, 53, re. Manians - 36, 37, 37, re. Maud - - 85, re. Maurice (Archbishop of Tuam). - - 22 Mayo 9, 42, n., 44, ,.., 47, «. Meath 9, 52, »., 53, ,.., 84, n. PAGE. Meg Samhradhain - 51, n. Mevagh - - 58,59 Mid-Ballyrune - 13 Millstreet - - 67, n. Modeligo - - 5, re. Moin Ui Dhomhnaill - 6 Monaghan 49, re., 50, re., 84, n. Mortimera - - 78, n. Mount Congreve - 15 Pleasant - 47, re. Mountjoy, 22, 55, n., 57, re., 81, n. Moghruith (the Druid) 64, re. Moyne (Abbey of) - 44, re. Moyntirbary - 11 Munster, 12, 18, 22, re., 33. 61, «., 64, re., 64, 65, 65, re., 73, re., 78, re., 79, re., 82, re. Mucklagh - - 12 Muintir Bhaire 10, 11, 12, 14 Eolais 34, 35, 35, re. Fhidhnach 34, re. Mheachair - 84, 85 Muircheartach - 54, re. MuUagh 62, 62, n., 63, MuUaghglass - 62, re. Mur-mic-an-Duina - 7 Murphy - - 5. «. Murresk - - 42, re. Muskerry - 64, 65, 65, re. Myan Leay - 23, n. Myathlagh, river - 23, re. Myrosa - - 13 Myntervary - 12, 23, re. N. Ncidho - 15, 10, 17, 22 Newcastle - '- 44, re. Newmarket - 66, re. Newragli - - 45j re. Niall (of the Nine Hosta- ges) - 3, 17, re. Nicolas - 12 Nuala-na-Meadoige - 40, re. Ny-Briain, Ilonora - 41, re. O. O'Brien 3, 6, 10, 21, 22, 78, n. 79, «. O'BroUaghan - 6 O'Byrncs, 12, 44, 44, re., 45, 45, re. O'Cahans . - 56, 57 O'Callans - - 75, «. O'Callaghan, 68, 68, re., 69, 69. re. INDEX. Ill PAGE. O'Canty - . 20, 26, n. O'Carraidh - 48, n. O'CarroU - 82, 82, n., 83 O'Catlilains - . 75, n. O'Ceallaigh (O'Kelly) - 87, n. O'Clery . . 3, 10 O'Coileain . . 74, n. O'Coinin's wife . 70, n. O'Coniiell - . 33 (Daniel M.P.) 71. «. O'Connor, 8, 25, 36, 36, n , 37, 38, n., 46, 46, n., 47, 47, n., 73, n. O'Crilly - 58, 58, n., 59 O'Croinin - - 32 O'Crowley - - 58, n. O'Daly, 3, 4, 4, n., 5, 6, 7, 8. 9, 10, 10, «., 11, 12, 13, 14, 22, 26, 27, 27, B., 28, 33, 34, 35, 49, n., 54, n., 61, n., 71, n.> 82, 82, n. O'Dea's - 79, ". O Diomain - 58, 58, n., 59 O'Dogherty 54, 55, 55, n., 64, n. O'Donnell, 6, 23, 54, n., 55, n. O Donovan 13, 14, 15, 75, n. O'Donoghue 70, 71, 71, «., 72 n. O'Dngan - 3, 64, n. O'Diiinn - 26 O.Dunan - SO, 50, n., 51 O Dunnes - - 46, n. Offaly - 46. n., 47, n. O'farrell - -25,26 O'Flynn 42, 43, 43, n, O'Fogarty's Tomb - 71, ». Ogashin . - 78, n. O'Glavin - 12 O'Grady - - 79, n. O'Hara, 22, 22, n., 58, 59, 59, n. O'Hanlon, - 62, 62, n., 63 O'Haughian - - 9 O'Higgin 17, 22, 24, n. Oireacht Aibhne, 56, 66, n., 67 Ui'Cliathain, 56, n., 67, n. Oirghialla - 49, n., 62, n. OilioU Olum - - 82, n. O'Kanes - 66, n., 57, «. O'Keeffe, 14, 26, n., 66, 66, n., 67, 67, n. O'Kelly, 8, 37, «., 38, n., 41, n. O'Kennedy - 74, n. Old Parish - 6, n. O'Maddens 37, »., 40, n. Omagh - - 57, ". O'Mahony O'Mailderg O'Maoilmhuaidh O'Maoilgirio O'Malleys PAGE. 12 82,. n. 48, n. 82, n. 43, n. OMeagher, 23, 33, 81 , «., 84, 84, «., 85 O'Mcara - . 28, n. O'MoUoys . 48, n. b'More 20, «., 25, 47, n., 81, n. O'Mulderg . 82, 83, 84, n. O'Mulereevys - 75, n. O'Neals - 73, n. O'Neale 61, n. O'Neill - 8, 9, 24 Oneilland - 63, n. O'Quigleys - - 59, n. O'Quins - • - 3, 79, ". O'Kahilly - 32, 32, n. O'HeiUy, 9, 13, 14, 50, 51, 51, «., 52, n. O'Roddys - - 34, n. Orior . - 62, 62, n.. ()3 Ormonde, 25, 29, n., 81 n., 85, n., 86, n. O'Kourke, 36, n., 51, n., 52, n., 84, n. Orrery 69, n., 70, 70, n., 71 O'Shaughnessy, 40, n., 41, n. Ossory - 29, n., 82, n. O'Sullivan, II, 64, /.., 65, n., 72, n. O'Tuohill - - 59, n, P. Park - - 32 Pasquin - 15 Perrott - - 64, n. Plebeian tDeath of a) 7 Pobble O'Callaghan 68, n. Poets - - 19 hanging of three 21 Polehore - 25, n., 74, n. Poor gentlemen - 72, it. Power - - 64, n. Powle - - 74, 11. Prughus - 68, 69, 69, n. Purcells - - 75, ji. Q. Queen Elizabeth Queen's County Quern, its use Quinliran 11.18 46, n., 61, K. 82, n. 33 113 INDEX. 64 Eadctski Eaghnailt Ny Brien Rathdrura Uaithin Bathkeale Raymond le Gros Reeks, 42, n., Relics Reynolds Rhymers Rickards Roches Rockingham Roddy, Tluuly, curious letter of Roe, Vale of the Rome Roscommon 36, n., 38, Eoscorr Rourks Samhradhain Sandal's Dun Satire, its evil effects Savadge 60, 60, «, Scarva Scully Siol Adhaimh ' Anmchadha, 36 Skibhereen Sliabh Bladhma Shamrocks, food for 52, n., 70, Shannon, 46, 47, 73, Shea Sheep's Head » Sheridans Shrovetide St. Aenghus Ceile De — Aidan — Caillin — Corban — Columbkille 17, 17 — Dachonna — Guasacht — Molua — O'Suanaigh — Patrick, 10, 42, n 50, »., 59, n., 85, Stanley Step -mothers the PAGE. 73, n. 8 45. n. 17, «. 75, 75, n. 72, n. 72, «.. 73 34, »., 35 35, n. 18 38,39 64, «., 65 on^ lit 34, H. 56, n. 13 n,, 43, n , 73, n. 17, n. 73, n. 50,51 42, n. 28 61, 61, ,t. 51, n. 85, n. 54, n. 36, n., 37 " 14 46, n. 22, 59, n. Irish, «., 80, n. n., 78, n. 'S, n. 14 48, n. 34,35 23, n. 59, n. 34, k 39, ». »., 42, n. 43, n. 49, n. 50, n. n.n. I 49, n., n., 86, n. 17 35, n. PAGE. Stickards 38.39 Strokestown 36, H. T. Talbot ,., 9 Tamhlacht-Ui-Chroiligl 58, M. Tandrage'e 62, n. Tara 7 Teabhtha 3 Teallach Dunchadha 52, n. Eathach 51, n. Teffia (see Teablitha) . Thibbot of the Brandy 43, n. Thomond, 6, 21, 78, n. 79, 79, n. Ticooley 37, n. Tinahinch" 46, «. Tirawley 44, n. Tirconnell 6, 54, n. Tipperary, 23, '33, 76, n., 81, n.. 84, n., 85, n., 86, n. the men ol 86, n. Tonregye 62, n. Tuatha-de-Dananns 15 TuUa 81, n. TuUyhaw 51, «. TuUyhunco 52, n. Tullylease f)9, n. Truogh . 39 , M., 60, w. Tyrone 29, 55 n., 57, n. U. Ui Doaghaidli 82, H. — Riiigain 46, H. Ulster 8, 33, 48, 49, 59, «., CO, n., 63, n., 73, «. Umhall 43, n. Ursina 15 Veale V. W. I*' Waller . 85, n., 86, n. Waters . . 26 Waterford 5, n., 15 n., 17,n., 50, w. West Ballyrune . 13 Westmeath, 3, 5, 17, 17, «., 47, «., Wexford 5, «., 25, n., 74,' n! Whaley (Dr.) . 27, n. Satirized . 28 White Knight . 70, n. Wicklow . . 44, n. THE END. This preservation photocopy was made at BookLab, Inc. in compliance with copyright law. The paper is Weyerhaeuser Cougar Opaque Natural, which exceeds ANSI Standard Z39.48-I984. 1992