v; >•%»', ' ^-^^ t * ^ fa .1** m.YLX% 12 ^53 ■ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Regional Plan Association FINE ARTS We Larger Plan for Memphis ••• 192 1 I Cornell University fj Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024378485 Cornell University Library NAC 1212 .M53M16 The arger plan for Mernphis / 3 1924 024 378 485 LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS 2o> FRANCIS H. MCLEAN AND EDGAR E. BROOKS Y Social Agencies Endorsement Committee Memphis Chamber of Commerce To The ^Social Service Agencies of Memphis : During the latter part of 1920, the Social Agencies Endorsement Com- mittee of the Memphis Chamber of Commerce secured Francis H. McLean and Edgar E. Brooks of the American Association for Organizing Family Social Work to make a study of social service in Memphis. Organizations included in the survey were grouped in nine functional classifications as follows: Family Social Work Care of Neglected and Crippled Children The Working Girl Unmarried Mothers Public Health and Medical Service The Transient and Homeless Local Correctional Organizations Developmental, Educational and Recreational Social Agencies Aged, Infirm and Incurables. A full report covering all of the agencies which come within the scope of the survey, together with detailed recommendations and sets of standards for various classes of organizations designed to be of direct benefit to each individual agency, has been submitted by Mr. Brooks and Mr. McLean and is now on file at the Chamber of Commerce in the office of the Social Agencies Endorsement Committee. This may be seen there by those inter- ested. A copy of the report has been delivered to the Executive Committee of the Memphis Council of Social Agencies with a view of its being studied by Council Committees which correspond to the above classifications. Published herein are the general recommendations of the survey, en- titled "The Larger Plan for Memphis." This section concerns all organiza- tions and of course will be more widely read than the other sections which report only on the agencies under each classification. With this in mind, the Committee suggests that "The Larger Plan" be read and studied by each group in connection with its own section of the report. We wish to take this opportunity to thank all who assisted in making the study possible and who co-operated in its preparation. It is commend- ed for your consideration in the hope that it will serve the useful purpose intended. J. A. RIECHMAN, Chairman, MILTON S. BINSWANGER, MARY RUSSELL, HAYS FLOWERS, Wm. C. HEADRICK, Secretary. Social Agencies Endorsement Committee 1921 Memphis Chamber of Comm.erce THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS We shall now attempt to present the larger plan for social develop- ment in Memphis, in the shape of an immediate and a future program based upon what has gone before, with certain new considerations which have to be introduced. We shall number the different recommendations and suggestions and items here considered, so that there may be from time to time a checking off of what has been accomplished or changed or what re- commendations have been made, and it will always offer a ready reference method. Section 1. SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS NOT CONSIDER- ED SPECIFICALLY IN THIS PART I. All the various recommendations and suggestions made to the in- dividual agencies throughout this survey but which are not specifically dis- cussed in this part, are of course a part of the larger plan. Every agency should be furnished with a copy of the report about itself by the Central Council through the courtesy of the Social Agencies Endorsement Com- mittee of the Chamber of Commerce. The Central Council should respectfully ask each agency to make a report on what action has been taken upon the individual suggestions and re- commendations. If any agency differs with any of the suggestions or recommendations it should ask for a reconciliation committee of disinterested people in the Council to be appointed, and this committee should endeavor to work out a satisfactory conclusion either by the acceptance of the original suggestions or recommendations, or whatever modification of them seems to be advis- able. If any part of the suggested plan is approved in principle by an agency, but its execution seems to be impossible for the time being, but pos- sible later on, those parts should be pointed out in the report made by the agency to the Council. The reports made by the agencies plus the results of any special con- sideration by reconciliation committees with committees of differing agencies shall be subject to final approval by the whole council. In connection with these questions the Directors of the survey will always be pleased to explain why any given ground was taken by them and how any particular problem in their eyes, may be worked out. Furthermore that the agencies be requested to make a report at the con- THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS eluding session of the Central Council each year previous to the summer recess, (as we presume it will not attempt to have meetings in July or Au- gust) as to the progress made both in carrying out the suggestions or re- commendations in this survey or in directions not here covered. Time should be given to the consideration of all of these reports of the progress. We wish to especially emphasize the desirability of this annual social audit- ing. 2. Previous to the reference of the individual report; to the different agencies, all of them should be read by members of the Council. If others than the representatives of agencies involved question any of those sugges- tions or recommendations affecting the individual work of the agencies (and not elsewhere taken up in this part of the larger program) due notice of such objection shall be given to the Executive Committee of the Council and to the Endorsement Committee of the Chamber of Commerce who shall forthwith meet to consider such objections and take action thereon. Section 2, CONFIDENTIAL EXCHANGE 3. The confidential Exchange was used by the following agencies in the fiscal year ending August 31st, 1920. REPORT ON CONFIDENTIAL EXCHANGE FOR YEAR 1919-1920 Total Unidentified Identified Juvenile Court . . , 244 197 47 Public Health Nsg. Assn 1820 1577 243 Social Service M. G. H 129 37 92 Home Service A. R. C 825 727 98 Memphis General Hospital 3331 2410 921 O. P. D. General Hospital . 4685 4062 623 Associated Charities 418 254 164 Leath Orpanage 80 61 19 County Board of Health 16 12 4 Marine Hospital, A. R. C. . 74 64 10 11,622 9401 2221 As a result of the suggestions of Mr. Brooks in the course of the survey the following new agencies have begun to make use of it since September 1st, 1920. Social Service Committee of Jewish Federated Charities, Memphis Legal Aid Society, Women's Protective Bureau of the Police Department. 8 THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS Additional ones beginning January, 1921 : Ella Oliver Refuge, Travelers Aid, Sunshine Home for Aged Men. All agencies working with the personal problems of individuals or families should register. These should include : (a) All agencies in family social work field. (b) All agencies in care of neglected and crippled children field. (c) All agencies in the unmarried mother field. (d) All agencies in the Public Health and Nursing field, so far as such service covers free service for individuals. Venereal disease clinic alone excepted by reason of legal restriction. (e) All agencies in the transient and homeless field. (f) All agencies in the correctional field. The confidential exchange is used for general benefit of the different agencies for the improvement of family conditions and for the benefit of families and individuals. No confidences are violated in their registration because no one except the registrar knows of such registration unless a second social or health agency comes in contact with a given family and asks what other agencies know it. It means that each succeeding agency brought in touch with that in- dividual family or person can by telephoning to all who have had previous contact, obtain all that they know about it, thus helping them in their own service, and preventing the unnecessary duplicating gathering of the same information. The Confidential Exchange is now operated by the Associated Chari- ties. It should still be operated by it but as agent for the Central Council which should appoint a Committee of General Supervision which should propagandize for the more extended use of the exchange and should in a year or so consider plans for its being partly financed by all of the organiza- tions benefiting by it. At the present time, the Associated Charities foots the entire bill for the social agencies of Memphis. It will have to continue to do so for the present, but while iF will always have to bear a heavy part of the burden it should be helped by others. By the Fall of 1921 the Endorsement Committee of the Chamber of Commerce should make complete registration one pre-requisite of endorse- ment in the case of the agencies mentioned. THE LARGE RPLAN FOR MEMPHIS Section 3. WHERE RADICAL CHANGES IN WORK ARE SUGGESTED AND WHERE IMMEDIATE ACTION IS POSSIBLE There are some questions of major importance with reference to the present functioning of agencies or in which re-organization is suggested which may be taken up at an early date. These include : 4. The Traveler's Aid to request a field visit from a representative of the National Organization with a view to reorganization of the work upon a more efficient basis. 5. Two conference Committees of the Central Council involving in each case the two major family social work societies, (viz : Associated Charities and Social Service of the Jewish Federation.) In one case this conference to be with representatives of relief agencies, in the other with representatives of nursing organizations. These two conferences to endeav- or to iron out any dissatisfaction between the two latter groups and the family social agencies, and vice versa in connection with their necessarily close co-operation in day-to-day work with individual families. 6. That the Council should take up for consideration and presentation to the Child Welfare Commission, previous to its report to the Legislature the suggestions with reference to legislation giving to the State Department of Charities an appropriation for the establishment of a field staff to super- vise placing out from the state and county children's institutions or agen- cies and for general field oversight of all placing out done by licensed so- cieties. ■ This with a view of learning if the same fits in with their other recommendations, and if it does not, there may be consideration given to the same. 7. Also because of the report of that Commision to the Legislature, the same procedure to be taken with reference to the recommendation that as soon as it is practicable there should be legislation taking over the Shelby County Industrial School, making it a State School, strictly limited in its admissions to delinquent boys of normal mentality from a given group of counties, we believe that the eventual transformation of the few good county industrial schools in the State to be State Schools with per capita costs paid by the counties sending children is much better than building up the present one State School into a larger and larger institution. 8. The democratic participation of the boarders in the two existing and the one just being established, homes for working girls is a matter which should be considered by a joint committee of these agencies. The idea as before indicated is an executive committee elected by all residents ID THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS of more than six months who shall be empowered to make suggestions on all matters of household management to the boards of directors and to make such house rules' as may seem advisable, and to review any house rules in existence iand to work in other ways alongside and in harmony with the Executive Officers of the homes, charged with a joint responsibility. The final vote of the Board of Directors shall always be in reserve on any un- wise actions, but this should never be used except with the greatest reluct- ance, and only after the executive committee of the girls have had confer- ence with the Board. This Executive Committee to be present at regular Board meetings. Special meetings may be called if necessary without its presence. 9. On the other hand the Social Service responsibility of the Boards to the girls in the homes should be immediately considered by them along the line of the detailed recommendations made. 10. A Central Council Committee should be formed to take up the practical question of the organization on a self-paying basis of working girls' housekeeping clubs of from 3 to 7, developing plans in conference with working girls, and with the consent of the National Y. W. C. A., endeavor- ing to present .these plans to groups who may be interested in them. For at best, boarding clubs of the kind in existence can only take a few of the girls, comparatively speaking. 11. . There are various recommendations made with reference to the proper, alignment between Department of Health, General Hospital, U. of T. Medical College, Public Health Nursing Association and Associated Charities which will doubtless receive early consideration by the City Com- mission. 12. The suggested re-organization of the Woman's Protective Bureau of the Police Department is already receiving attention. These suggestions would make this Bureau a case working agency in connection with immoral women and girls, as well as for women accused of other offenses who are arrested, also it would still be a supervisory agency for commercialized recreations. 13". The steps necessary for a recreation survey of the city under the City Recreation Department should be considered by the city as one phase of the development and as being more important than the present work be- ing carried on though that should be considered. 14. We believe that as a part of the At-Once Program the idea of creating the position of Dean of Gi.rls to be a case worker, and consultant for girls over 16 who are not yet objects of interest by the police, should be considered by the Nineteenth Century Club. II THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS Section 4. FOR THE IMMEDIATE DEVELOPMENTAL PLAN We next take up those matters which should be a part of the immed- iate program of the Central Council and of agencies involved, but in which broader developments may take longer to work out. 15. The psychopathic clinic which should not only be an agency for the diagnosis of acute cases of mental difficulty but also a clinic where ex- pert advice in diagnoses and prognoses may be secured in connection with the many instances of people whose condition is not dangerous, but which interferes with their own well-being and that of their families. Thus for example "emotional instability" or "chronic hysteria" does not call for in- stitutional cure but does call for very highly skilled treatment by both health and family social work agency. It is being recognized how much mental status less serious than those which really ought to have institutional care, (though not always provided) have to do with desperate family and individ- ual situations. Furthermore it must be recognized that no state will ever provide sufficient facilities for the care of all grades of feeble mindedness, therefore scientific home care for some of them must be worked out. The situation here is just the same as it is in the tuberculosis field. There was a time when the theory was that every patient with the disease incipient or in pronounced stages should have sanatorium care. Now we recognize that some must be scientifically looked after in their own homes. It may be accepted as part of the burden of all agencies working with the single in- dividual or single family that they will have to work out, with the absolutely necessary help of a psychopathic clinic, however, the home treatment of many of the feeble minded of the higher grades. We have no suggestion as to just how and where this psychopathic clinic should be placed. That should be carefully considered, but of course the able staff of the Insane Hospital of the County Home and the able staff of the General Hospital should be brought into the consultations. 16. As a part of the plan for developing the volunteer service of this community we would suggest that the Associated Charities (as the largest case working agency in the Community) establish a training course for vol- unteers which shall be rigorous in its requirements and whose privileges will be withdrawn from any who prove not to have any serious interest in the work. This can only be done however, when the Associated Charities has increased its staff in the manner recommended in the report, on that society. 1 7. The extension of family social work to the county outside the city has been suggested as a development of the, American Red Cross, but only provided competent trained service is used for this purpose. We 12 THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS would suggest the Red Cross asking for the formation by; the Central Coun- cil of a consultation committee on this subject. We furthermore believe that at some time in the future when the county communities have realized their responsibilities the work should be taken over by the Associated Charities transformed into a county organization, by mutual consent of the two organizations. i8. The organization has been proposed of a Children't Bureau, to cover investigation for admission and discharge of children from institu- tions preventing constructively such admissions whenever possible by dis- covering other ways of caring for the children (through relatives possibly) or by plans mutually worked out with the family social work societies. This bureau also to have charge of any placing out of dependent children from these institutions. Also to have charge of constructive plans for unmarried mothers and their children. This matter should be taken up by a committee of the Central Council in the hopes that plans may be worked out and launch- ed by next Fall. This Bureau should work in direct co-operation with the Tennessee Home Finding Society in case the latter is willing to assume the responsibili- ty for placing out children under 7 years of age, this being theiil age limita- tion. 19. We urge that the Salvation Army request the Central Council to form a consultation committee to advise with it in connection with the pro- posed extension of their work to cover the shelter of homeless women and families and also in so altering its present work with men that real case work may be done with the more hopeful at least. 20. We hope that the National Y. W. C. A. in connection with the community wide development of their work as proposed as a substitute for a large building plan will ask for the appointment of a consultation committee of the Central Council to discuss this matter thoroughly with them. 21. Any democratization of the work of the two neighborhood cen- ters presents certain peculiar difficulties which we will not here describe. So firmly do we believe that in this democratization lies the greatest hope of holding the permanent interest of older girls and boys and men that we hope these difficulties will be overcome. We suggest that if it would be helpful in the working out of this problem as well as the working out of other standards suggested, (the St. Louis standards) the two centers call for the advice and help of the Central Council. 22. The present inadequacy of the Mother's Pension Law has been touched upon in the body of the report. We believe that the Council should enter into communication with the State Council of Social Agencies request- ing such gathering of data with reference to the inadequacy on the part of 13 THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS family social work agencies and juvenile courts as may back a determined campaign for proper amendments to the law. 23. The transfer of the insane from the County Home to State Hospi- tal and the use of the present insane building as an observation ward (pos- sibly in conjunction with a psychopathic clinic) is a matter in which the county authorities should have the support of the Central Council. 24. As soon as possible after the New Year the Central Council should appoint a special committee to work out the most practical and sensi- ble plan for Christmas giving so far asi the Social Agencies are concerned, in the hope that in another year such a plan may be put into operation. 25. The question of the establishment of baby welfare and prenatal clinics of an educational character by the Department of Health will we hope be considered by that body in consultation with the Central Council. 26. We take for granted that the support of the membership of the Central Council will be offered the child welfare commission in whatever legislation it proposes to which the Council can assent to. 27. It is evident from my reading of family records in this city that the Industrial compensation law is weak and inadequate. We do not know what organizations in Tennessee may be working toward its improvement, but we believe that the Central Council should request all the agencies who come in contact with the imperfections of the law in actual instances to as- semble the data and after analysis by the legislative committee upon the latter's recommendation the Council should commit itself at the proper time to interesting other groups in the state in proposed proper amend- ments. 28. The problem of the establishment of a Convalescent Home in Memphis is one which should be the subject of study and suggestion by a committee of the Central Council. Siection 5. EDUCATIONAL WORK OF CENTRAL COUNCIL 29. The Central Council should adopt the policy of having general educational meetings three times each winter to which speakers from in or out of the city should be invited to speak. These speakers to be chosen from among those who can from experience or knowledge discuss advanced methods and advance standards in the different fields of social work, one at a time, represented in the council. These meetings should be open to all interested. 30. The Central Council should have a discussion on right and wrong 14 THE LARGER P L A N FOR MEMPHIS ways of obtaining money, viz : the use of paid collectors, drives versus con- tinuous campaigns, entertainments which are legitimate, entertainments which are not legitimate, etc. 31. The Central Council should create a committee on educational publicity, which shall be charged with the duty of obtaining from other cities good illustration of "putting the story across," for each kind of agency represented in the Central Council. Such data should include the whole educational scheme of the agencies, not simply the printed word. The best cities probably in which to seek this material would be those which have Central Councils. There should be discussion of the material obtained with the different agencies. Section 6. FOR LATER DEVELOPMENT We come not to that part of the larger program which may be the concern of the Central Council in later seasons. Matter Touched Upon in the Report. We will first take up those items which were more or less discussed in the body of the survey. 32. We suggested a survey of the leisure hours of the working girl, not a complete canvass but an approach by schedules to a large number of girls reached by canvassers who may be known to various social agencies. We find it is impossible to obtain any idea of the number of working girls and young women in Memphis today. No one knows how many are living away from home, or what they do in their leisure hours and what opportunities might be developed which some would take advantage of. We do not be- lieve that a girl-by-girl study will be a part of the general recreation survey previously suggested, and we believe this study will b© a necessary supple- ment to it. We have suggested previously that this survey be under the auspices of the National Y. W. C. A., but we assume that it will desire the working co-operation of the Central Council in developing and execut- ing the plan. In the meantime the extension service of the Society will doubtless be obtaining much general and preliminary data as it attempts further organization among the working girls of the city. No other class of the city's population has received less attention than this group, and we believe the importance of this study cannot be overestimated. 33. Requiring much study by the Legislative Committee doubtless will be the question of whether by amendments to existing laws certain work- house offenses might be punishable by terms without the alternative of fines. Closely connected with this is the question of adult probation which 15 THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS should be possible of extension of course to all kinds of offenses. If one develops, the other should follow afterwards. Matters Not Touched Upon in the Report. Coming now to matters not touched upon in the body of the report or barely indicated, which should be imbedded in the latter program of the Council we would suggest the following : 34. This survey being a study of social agencies rather than social conditions there has been no direct study of housing conditions. Neverthe- less the experiences of social agencies which have been revealed to us indi- cates that one of the most difficult problems in the city today is housing, as it affects the low income family particularly. We note that one of the proposed standing committees of the Council is on Housing. We would suggest that at a later date a housing survey covering selected areas and under the auspices of the National Housing Association be organized and financed through the co-operative efforts of the Chamber of Commerce, Nineteenth Century Club, Central Council and the family social work so- cities. We do not argue against the gathering of data now, but we believe that before final measures are proposed, there should be such a survey made. It might be conducted with the city financing it if that were possible, but in charge of a special commission. 35. Because we have indicated that there must be scientifically work- ed out home treatment of some classes of the mentally subnormal does not mean that there should not be constant campaigning to increase facilities for the care of the insane and feeble minded, particularly the later. It should be the business of the Central Council to present to the State Council of social agencies all data of patients who are especially in need of such care as revealed in the day-to-day work of the various agencies, working directly with individuals or families. Such data should always be backed by ac- curate diagnosis in each instance and of course this will become easier when a psychopathic clinic is established, though the staff of the General Hospital neurological clinic is extremely helpful in this direction. Any agitation for further development will rest primarily with the State Council, though of course with the direct help of all City Central Councils. 36. There is a State Association for the Blind, but its work is ex- tremely limited and we believe that the social agencies represented in the Council should be asked to assemble data with reference to the blind in the city without suitable occupation, certainly opportunities for training in more directions should be increased. 37. We come now to another state-wide problem in which the cities of the state are the unfortunate victims. The Memphis family social work 16 THE LARGER PLAN FOR MEMPHIS and health agencies have no more difficult problems than those of country families who have moved to the city and who have grown up with scandal- ously small amounts of common school education. Of course there are the families in which there is down-right feeble mindedness — we are not refer- ring to these, but to families with small mental caliber in which for example the father and mother can scarcely write and the children may have reached the second or third grade. In this age such families are so behind the times that it is well nigh impossible to start them going on such a plane that in- come will measure up to anywhere near proper living, not to speak of alter- ing their attitude of scepticism toward any real standards of home hygiene. So the children suffer in many ways, and grow up weaker physically than their parents and with but little more education. All this harks back to weaknesses in our rural school systems as evidenced by the fact that the Nineteenth Century Club has been making contributions to the educational systems in a few of the backward counties. We do not know just what plans are now on foot for the further improvement of the educational sys- tem, but we would strongly urge that this is a matter which vitally concerns the Central Council in every city in Tennessee, and that the State Council should consider recommendations brought to it by city Central Councils with a view of backing the right plans for educational development by whomever presented or of originating them if none appear above the horizon. 38. The Central Council should also when the time is propitious take up a survey of the work among the colored. 39. My attention has been fixed in observing the work of those who are in direct contact with families upon the never-ending round of physical ailments which some families suffer from. This is a phenomenon common to families with no standards of personal hygiene but we believe it is rather an intensified phenomenon here. Inquiry of workers, led to the conclusion that the extraordinarily bad cooking standards in these families may be one fundamental reason for this intensification. There is bad cooking among poorly circumstanced families everywhere, but the traditions of cooking among families who have moved in from the country to Southern cities call for richer poor cooking than is usual, that is the use of a larger amount of fat, hot bread etc., than families in other sections use. We are suggesting that experiments that have been tried before in the teaching of domestic science should be taken up on a more serious basis. We believe considera- tion of this should be given by a Committee of the, Central Council. The best plan for introducing ideas regarding cooking and other domestic arts is not to engage what used to be called visiting housekeepers, but to engage a thouroughly trained worker in domestic economy who will have contact with a few families (so that she may know real conditions at all times) but 17 THE LARGER PLAN FOR M E M} P H I S whose principal work will be in instructing others, particularly workers in the societies in direct contact with homes. In this way, some ideas will be passed along, and the method of passing them along should be discussed with the worker in domestic economy. Furthermore the larger use of volunteers to follow up the paid workers and with the consent of the housekeeper go- ing into the household mysteries further with them individually should be considered. Possibly neighborhood classes led by these volunteers after thorough training by the domestic economist would be more successful be- cause it is far more difficult to gain a ready access to the house of a back- ward American family than of any other class of people with which the social worker has to deal. This is one of the curses of our old American traditions, this self-sufficient ignorant independence in an age in which we may all be considered dependent one upon another, and in need of each others aid of different kinds. Possibly as a recreation stunt after school hours these neighborhood classes (so that the older children may look after the younger) with a suggestion that "New Ideas on Cooking" with actual demonstrations would be offered might attract some mothers in this or that neighborhood. Not "How to Cook," because of course they know all about cooking already. If not this method then some other should be considered because the reduction of bad cooking in families suffering from a continu- ous round of ailments certainly ought to be considered as one desideratum. Of course the other domestic arts should be included for instance artistic and economic decorations, washing and ironing, etc. 40. In this survey no attempt has been made to apply standards as touching upon all the many matters of technique worked out by experience in the different social fields. In one or two fields the standards worked out in St. Louis have been suggested for study because of the desire of workers in those fields to learn what were considered standards in other places. We believe that two years from this winter the Council will be pre- pared to take up the question of discussing and formulating standards on all questions of technique in the manner carried out in St. Louis.* This would mean the organization of group committees to draft stand- ards and apply them. This study might be rounded up three years from now with the help of some outside person who would attempt to apply the stand- ards as approved by the Central Council. 41. After a period of four years we believe the Central Council would be in a strong and influential enough position in this community to *The Central Council of Social Agencies, 1920, published by American As- sociation for Organizing Family Social Work, 130 East 22nd St., New York. 18 THE LARGER PL AN FOR MEMPHIS undertake in co-operation with other bodies possibly a study of standards of living in this city concerning, (a) both the question of minimum expendi- ture and of wage standard, (b) how far certain families sgig below the standard of expenditure, (c) how far such sagging is due to causes within the family, (d) how far the question of inadequate wages is involved, (e) what training may reduce the industrial inefficiency which is revealed, (f) in what industries and for what reasons do less than the ordinary wage standards prevail, (g) should the question of legal minimums of wages be taken up actively. 42. As a result of this it may be that there would develop a cam- paign for further facilities in the shape of an enlarged trade school possibly connected with the School Department and of an extension character similar to the Kansas plan where night classes are held in industrial plants them- selves under charge of experienced foremen who themselves are taught how to teach by the instructions in charge of trade training in the High Schools of the cities. 43. The revelation of any new social need in the city should be regis- tered by the Council only when sufficient data as to the need (by individual cases) is presented by the individual social agencies. The relativity of these needs should be considered and at the proper time the question of how each need may be met should be taken up. 44. A joint consideration of budgets and presentation of mutually agreed upon budgets to the Endorsement Committee may follow the ap- plication of standards. 19 '1