? : CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM /;>>■; Date Due s "^ pack you that we have outside of Ne. and best movi enced men to Metro A. R. Sheffer, ALL! [A^ZZ ALU] PRINTED IN GORNER MAIN S ROCHESTER, N. Y NO. 23233 Capital Surplus and Profits Deposits $ 275,000.00 184,292.35 5,222,721.06 INTEREST PAID ON SPECIAL DEPOSITS ...OFFICERS.... ....DIRECTORS.... Henry A. Strong. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030327989 p o a H OS P O w H i/> W W u o \\W X HISTORY OF THE Police Department OF ROCHESTER, N. Y. From the Earliest Times to May i, 1903 WITH A RECORD OF THE PRINCIPAL CRIMES COMMITTED A DESCRIPTION OF THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS CONNECTED WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND LISTS OF THE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE FORCE FROM THE BEGINNING AND OF OFFICIALS CONNECTED WITH THE DEPARTMENT BY WILLIAM F. PECK PUBLISHED BY THE ROCHESTER POLICE BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION 1903 JOHN P, SMITH PRINTING COMPANY ROCHESTER, N. V. CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY Difficulty of Obtaining Information regarding the Early Police — The First Newspapers — The Tardy Settlement of Rochester — Unhealthfulness of the Locality — Preliminary History —The Phelps and Gorham Purchase — The Mill Yard— The First Buildings of Rochester. CHAPTER II THE SETTLEMENT OF ROCHESTER The One-Hundred-Acre Tract — Its Purchase by Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll — Efforts to Start Elsewhere — Naming of the Future City — The First Dwelling Erected -Fourth of July Celebrated — Town Constables of Gates. CHAPTER III ROCHESTER A VIIAAGE The Village Charter— The First Board of Trustees— Other Officers Elected— The Street Patrol— The Night Watch -Birth of the Police Department - Formation of Monroe Count3- — The First Court-House — The First Jail. CHAPTER IV CRIME IN ROCHESTER The First Burglary -The Evil of Intemperance— The First Homicide — Name of the Village Changed — Part of Brighton Annexed to Rochester —The Tread-Mill Advocated— Attempted Jail Delivery —A Singular Forgery — Increase of Power of the Trustees — The Morgan Abduction. CHAPTER V THE GROWTH OF THE VILUGE Ordinances of the Board of Trustees— Morality Strictly Maintained — Village Constables — Basil Hall's " Travels in North America " — His Description of Rochester — Phenomenal Activity of the Village — Sam Patch's Leap to Death — Sabbatarian Agitation — The Second Jail Built. CHAPTER VI ROCHESTER A CITY The First Officers of the Municipality — The New Charter — The City Marshal — Organisation of the Watchmen — Location of Police Office and Lock-up— The Question of Licenses — Friction between the Mayor and the Common Council — Resignation of Mayor Child. CHAPTER VII THE NIGHT WATCH A Quiet City under Mayor Gould — Capt. Dana's Watch Book — Arrests Made by the Night Watch — Regulations for their Guidance — Their Duties— Lighting the Lamps — The Cry of the Watch — The Constables — Evolution of the Police Force. CHAPTER VIII THE FIRST MURDER The Slaying of William Lyman — Excitement in the Community — The Trial of Octavius Barron — His Conviction and Execution — Austin Squires Kills his Wife, and Pays the Penalty — Trial of Dr. Hardenbrook for the Murder of Thomas Nott — The Rochester Knockings — Riot at Corinthiag Hall. History of Police Department CHAPTER IX REFORMATORY, JURIDICAL, CORRECTIONAL The Western House of Refuge — The Second Court-House — Laying its Corner-Stone — Murder Trial of Maurice Antonio — Conviction and Execution — Monroe County Penitentiary — Home for Idle and Truant Children. CHAPTER X THE DEPARTMENT GETS A CHIEF Amendments to the Charter — The First Chief of Police — Increase of the Force — Disappearance of Emma Moore — Police Troubles in Know- Nothing Times — The Murder Trial of Martin Eastwood — Ira Stout's Murder of Littles— Full History of the Crime— Trial of John B. Robertson. CHAPTER XI THE DEPARTMENT REORGANISED Board of Police Commissioners — Their Powers and Duties — Clerk of the Board — Increase of the Force — Roundsmen Appointed — Captain of Night Police — Grade of Lieutenant Created — The Sunday-Closing Question— The Civil Service Law — The Board Declines to Act under It. CHAPTER XII THE HAND OF BLOOD The Orton Murder— The Messner Murder- The Montgomery Murder — Death of 'Squire Moore — The Heffner Homicide — The Howard Riot — The City Hall — The Front Street Building — Female Suffrage— The John Clark Murder — Three Murders in one Summer — Extensive Jail - Breaking — Death of Captain Sullivan — The Lutz Murder — The Semi-Centennial. CHAPTER XIII THE SECOND HALF CENTURY Changes in the Force — Mysterious Falsehood of a Suicide — The Bank Forgeries — Erection of the Present Jail — Murder near Avon — Alibi Established by Burglary — The Gorham Street Riot — The Stone' Murder— The O'Neil Murder — The Street Car Strike— The Shooting of Stoddard— The Day Murder -Plenty of other Murders— The Third Court-House — Laying the Corner-Stone -Description of the Building — Police Headquarters— Dorthy's Career — The Jury Commissioner — The Smith Murder. CHAPTER XIV UNDER THE WHITE CHARTER Police Provisions of the Charter — Ordinances of the Common Council — The First Commissioner of Public Safety — James D. Casey Succeeds James G. Cutler — George A. Gilman Appointed Commissioner — A Record of Crime— The Keating Murder— The Orphan Asylum Fire — The Brown Murder — The Hickey Murder— The Ethel Dingle Tragedy— The McFarlane Murder — The Coal Famine— Statistics for the Past Year. CHAPTER XV THE PRESENT DAY The Departmental Staff — The Civil Service Requirements — The Pension Fund — The Police Benevolent Association — The Police Telegraph System — The Bertillon System of Measurement — The Card System Records at Headquarters — The Police Bulletin — The Book of Rules. CHAPTER XVI THE CIVIL LIST BIOGRAPHICAL CHAPTER I Introductory Difficulty of Obtaining Information regarding the Early Police — The First Newspapers — The Tardy Settlement of Rochester — Unhealth- fulness of the Locality — Preliminary History — The Phelps and Gorham Purchase — The Mill- Yard — The First Buildings In Rochester. It is well known to most of those who will read this book that Rochester is one of the youngest cities in this part of the United States, so youthful, in fact, that a daughter of the founder from whom it derives its name is still living among us. Therefore, a history of its police department, as extending over a much shorter duration of time, must necessarily be less voluminous than in the case of many smaller municipalities whose antiquity gives to the historian a wider scope for his researches. But the difficulty lies not so much in the scarcity of incidents, of events, in the early days, as in the indifference of those who might have recorded the facts near the time of occurrence and thus have preserved for use at this day, and up to this day, information that is now wholly lost or is obtainable only in disconnected fragments. One would suppose that the local newspapers of that age — the Rochester Gazette, published by Dauby & Sheldon, the initial number appearing April 3, 1816, and the Rochester Telegraph, established by Everard Peck & Co. July 7, 1818 — would have kept a chronicle of the weekly happenings, the crimes, the accidents, the meetings, the new buildings erected, and other incidents that must have interested, and that almost vitally, the inhabitants of the little community. But, no ; of all those things practically nothing, while both journals are filled, besides their advertisements, with long accounts of some trivial accident in Skaneateles or some ordinary fire in History of Police Department New Orleans, with verbose letters from the Burmese mission or minute descriptions of Arctic voyages, while the attractive personality of Napoleon Bonaparte, then in the evening of his life at St. Helena, furnished an inexhaustible theme of narration. The reason for this singular omission of what was most important, and was " close to men's business and bosoms," while dilating upon the remote and the disconnected, is conjectural, but probably it lies in the fact that the journalists of those days considered that their readers must be already familiar with the home events, and so there was no need of describing them, while all would be benefited by the reception of information that could not possibly be obtained from personal observation or from gossip with their neighbors. The effect of this peculiar conception is permanent. The searcher of the present day finds it almost impossible to obtain any valuable data from the sources mentioned, the most diligent examination, involving the turning over of each leaf of every issue of at least one of those newspapers during the seven years of its independent existence, resulting only in the discovery of a few desultory statements that could be pressed into service. A consultation of all the earliest village records known to be in existence has completed the investigation in this regard, save for occasional glimpses of private diaries or memoranda that were procurable. No use whatever has been made of the reminiscences of any " oldest inhabitant," for the experience of the writer has shown him that a single line of written or printed matter made near the time of occurrence of the event described is worth more than whole pages of irresponsible anecdotes whose interest increases at the expense of their accuracy. Of official chronicles at the central police headquarters there are practically none, and those of the commission of Public Safety, which is the head of the department, naturally extend back for so short a period as to be not available until well within the present day. " Happy the nation," says Montaigne, " happy the nation that has no annals," and the apothegm might be equally forcible if slightly altered so as to read : " Happy the city that has no police records," as Rochester, New York indicating a degree of primeval morality that rendered such statistics unnecessary if not impossible. But it would have saved a vast deal of trouble if some record could have been kept of appointments before 1865, to show concisely the various changes that occurred in the composition of the force, instead of compelling an exhaustive examination of every directory of Rochester that has been issued from 1827 down to the present year. Though not directly connected with this department, it may be as well to pave the way for any extended history by noting the principal events associated with the settlement of this place, thus leading up to a survey of the geimination and growth of the police force, with its development up to this time. Rochester was belated in its birth. It was not one of the first but one of the last places to be settled in this part of the state, and even within the limits of the present county of Monroe several places had permanent residents long before anyone came here to establish a home. The reason for this delay is not hard to find. It was the pestilential nature of this spot, the fever-breeding character of this immediate locality, where, from the low-lying lands, the miasma rose like an exhalation, both night and day, while the deadly wolf prowled in the darkness and noxious insects and reptiles made life miserable throughout the daylight hours. Even the Seneca Indians, whose territory embraced the western third of the state, avoided this site and had their scattered villages elsewhere. It was nothing but the presence of the Genesee falls that brought people here to stay and to use the motive power of what was then a far mightier stream than it is at present to turn into nutritious flour the golden grain from the rich wheatfields of the Genesee valley. When the real start was once made, after one or two abortive attempts, the indomitable energy of the pioneers prevailed over all the frightful obstacles of nature, new comers kept pouring in from the eastward, and the little settlement grew steadily into a village and then into a city. Three years after the close of the Revolutionary war the state of Massachusetts obtained by a compromise decision of arbitrators the right of title and ownership (subject to 8 History op Police Department whatever rights the Indians might be supposed to have) of all that part of the state of New York lying west of a meridian line drawn through Seneca lake, while relinquishing to New York all claim to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over the territory. Two years later the New England commonwealth sold to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham all of that land, comprising some six million acres, for one Francis Dana Captain of the Night Watch, 1835 and /8j/ million dollars, conditioned upon the extinguishment of the Indian title ; in other words, those men bought the right of pre-emption from the original owners. The new proprietors went promptly to work and in successive negotiations purchased the land as far as the Genesee river. Beyond that they could no further go ; the red men refused to sell, until Oliver Phelps, by sharp practice that amounted almost to chicanery, induced them to give up on the west side of the river a strip of land twelve miles wide by twenty-four miles Rochester, New York long, beginning about at Avon and running north to Lake Ontario. It was claimed by Phelps that all of that magnificent domain was only the proper amount of territory for a mill-seat, which the natives had agreed to let him have on condition that he would erect near the falls a saw-mill and a grist-mill, by which their corn could be ground and the trees sawed into logs for their cabins, in case they chose to build any. It may be mentioned here that Phelps and Gorham prevailed upon Massachusetts to take back all the territory west of the Genesee with the exception of the strip just mentioned — about four million acres, reducing the amount of the purchase money to $100,000, on the plea that the consolidated securities of the state, in which payment was to be made, had enhanced in value fourfold ; that they sold to Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, half of the land that they had bought for more than they paid for the whole, and that Massachusetts finally sold to Morris the portion west of here that had been taken back. Phelps kept his promise to the natives by turning the contract over to Ebenezer Allan — commonly called "Indian Allan " because, though of white blood on both sides of the parental house, he always associated with the red men and was stained with every crime commonly supposed to be characteristic of that race. Allan was to build the mills and to receive as compensation therefor one hundred acres of land surrounding those structures, besides which he came into possession, about that time, of a farm comprising five hundred acres in what is now Scottsville, though the whole would constitute but a small fraction of the expanse of nearly two hundred thousand acres which the Indians had relinquished as a location for a mill-yard. In the summer of 1789 the saw-mill was raised, the grist-mill going up in the following November, and they were the first buildings of any kind erected in what is now Rochester. Their ancient site is now bounded by Aqueduct, Graves and Race streets and the aqueduct itself. After Allan had occupied the mills for a year or two he turned the care of them over to his sister and her husband, Christopher Dugan, who remained there but a short time, so that when Aaron Burr passed through the History of Police Department country in 1795, to look at the high falls, there was not a resident anywhere in the neighborhood. The buildings did not, however, go to decay, but were repaired and again occupied, so that when John Maude, an Englishman, passed George Bradshaw Captain of 'the Night Watch, 1844 and 1853 through here in 1800, he found Col. Josiah Fish in charge as the miller ; but, as that person had no facilities for entertaining guests, Mr. Maude had to go down to King's Landing, afterward called Hanford's Landing, three miles north, to get a meal. The saw-mill was swept away by a freshet in 1803 and the grist-mill was burned down four years later. CHAPTER II The Settlement of Rochester The One-Hundred-Acre Tract — Its Purchase by Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll — Efforts to Start Elsewhere — Naming of the Future City — The First Dwelling Erected — Fourth of July Celebrated — Town Constables of Gates. The One-Hundred-Acre tract, then known as the Genesee Falls mill lot, which is now the center of Rochester, extended from a point on the river about four hundred feet south of Court street (or near the foot of the Erie railroad train shed) due west to a point near the corner of Spring street and Caledonia avenue, thence north to a point a little northwest of the corner of Center and Frank streets, thence due east to the river, striking it just north of where the foot of Market street extended would be. It passed from Indian Allan through different hands until it became a part of the Pulteney estate, from which it was purchased by three Maryland proprietors for the price of $17.50 an acre. These three men — Col. Nathaniel Rochester, Col. William Fitzhugh and Major Charles Carroll — came up here on horseback from their southern homes in 1800, looking for desirable abiding- places in the new country for themselves and their families. Passing up through the Genesee valley, where they made extensive purchases of land in the neighborhood of the present villages of Dansville, Geueseo and Mt. Morris, they finally reached the falls and probably made up their minds at that time to obtain possession of the One-Hundred-Acre tract. Most histories have stated that they bought it in 1802, but that is not correct, though they may have made a verbal agreement in that year with Robert Troup, the agent of the Pulteney estate, who resided in New York city. The contract History of Police Department was signed November 8, 1803, the payment of the purchase money was made in annual installments, and the title was passed from Sir William Pulteney November 18, 1811, the first lot being sold two days later. While that tract was waiting for its tardy development, spasmodic efforts were made to start a settlement in its immediate vicinity. Some time about 1797 a man named w. D. Oviatt Chief of Police, 1837 Farewell built a cabin on Lake avenue, near the present State Industrial school, though he soon abandoned it, and in 1798 or 1799 Jeremiah Olmstead came here from the east and occupied it as a permanent settler, raising the first crop of grain within the present limits of the city. In 1807 Charles Harford, an Englishman, built a block-house on State street, near the corner of Lyell avenue, and in the following year he erected a grist-mill just south of the falls, so that for a few years he did the grinding for all this region Rochester, New York 13 Those structures, together with a few shanties that were put up in the neighborhood, caused that locality to be known as Falls Town, while the name Castle Town or Castleton, in honor of Col. Isaac Castle, who resided there, was given to a collection of houses, dwellings, a tavern and at least one store situated at the Rapids at the foot of the present Brooks avenue. Each of these places considered that its chances of becoming the metropolis of this region was far better than that of the desolate and unwholesome section with no name and no human inhabitants, and so did the little settlement of Brighton, on the east bank of the river ; and so did Tryon Town, at the head of Irondequoit bay ; and so, at a later date, did Carthage. But the visions faded away, and the despised mill lot became the head of the corner. It was not till 1810 that Col. Rochester moved up here from Hagerstown, the procession, for such it was, embracing his whole family, many of them on horseback, wife, five sons, five daughters, ten slaves, with two carriages and three wagons containing household goods. Even then he did not locate here, the dreariness of the spot being too repulsive for that, but halted at Dansville, where he lived five years, then moved to a farm in East Bloomfield, and finally settled down here in 1821, dying ten years later in the house that he built at the corner of South Washington and Spring streets. But for some time he came here every few weeks, laying out the lots himself, with a quarter of an acre to each lot ; and, as he did all the work, his fellow-proprietors — who still remained in Maryland and who, when they did move north a few years later, settled in Livingston county and never here — insisted that the future city, if city there ever was to be, should bear his name. That was in 1811 ; the appellation was accepted, and it never departed except with an official though not popular modification for a few years. In 1812 the first house was built in the new place, a log cabin, put up — on the present site of the Powers block — by Henry Skinner for Hamlet Scrantom, who with his family moved into it on its completion in May of that year, so that may be said to be the beginning of Rochester. Edwin Scrantom, a son of the original settler, was a little boy at the '4 History of Police Department time, but in his life of more than sixty years after that he amused himself and benefited his fellow citizens by recording in voluminous diaries and in numerous articles written for the press, his vivid recollectious of that initial period, even in that first year of occupancy, when his father's family, alone by itself, celebrated in a modest way and in front of the cabin the Fourth of July. Mathew G. Warner Chief of Police , i860 From another source it is learned that there was another celebration on the same day, just across the river in Brighton where, upon the brow of the hill near the corner of Main and St. Paul streets, an arbor of boughs was raised, under whose shelter a feast was spread, different persons contributing the various materials, one a lamb, another bread, another a pig, another vegetables, another pies, another a bottle of whiskey. The partakers of this luxurious banquet included every man, woman and child in the settlement, together with Rochester New York some passing travelers, and altogether they mustered about twenty persons. The whole affair seems to have been under the auspices of Enos Stone, the pioneer settler of Brighton, who the year before that had had a memorable fight with a bear that kept robbing his corn-field, and finally chased up to the very door-steps the dog that at first kept her at bay. So Mr. Stone had to turn out at two o'clock in the morning, accompanied by a boy and a rusty gun. The bear climbed up a tree and sat on a limb ; a fire was kindled underneath, and the bear fell to the ground. Then ensued a struggle between man, boy and gun on one side and bear on the other, in which no one was hurt ; then the animal climbed another tree, and the same performance was gone through four times more. Then some more ammunition was obtained from a neighbor, and finally the bear was. brought down from the last tree by a shot that disabled her, though even after she fell her courageous disposition caused her to fight on her haunches for some time before she was killed. So it seems that one side of the river was not much better than the other for a quiet life, though travelers generally, expended their energy in denouncing the " God-forsaken mud-hole " on the west side that had nothing but mosquitoes and rattlesnakes and fever and ague. True, the mosquitoes, with their long, sharp bills, flew in clouds to the torment of humanity ; venomous rattlesnakes wriggled out of every hole in the earth and made it unsafe till long afterward for people to sleep on the ground floor, lest they should be awakened by the intrusion of a strange bedfellow ; the fever burned up the sufferer until the alternate ague cooled him off, and the mud in the springtime was so deep that the roads' were impassable except at the risk of drowning. But the spot must have had its attractions, for in this year the sale of lots went on rapidly, and those who laid the foundations were reinforced by others. The first blacksmith shop was built by James B. Carter ; the first tailor shop was opened by Jehiel Barnard, and the first weekly mail delivery was established between here and Canandaigua, the mail being carried often by a woman, in saddlebags on horseback, and the postmaster here being Abelard Reynolds, 10 History of Police Department who for seventeen years held that position, which was not specially lucrative, as the receipts for the first quarter, even at the high rate of postage then prevailing, were $3.42, of which the government received nothing. But a much more important event than any one of these was the completion in this year of the bridge across the river at Main street, at an expense of $12,000, divided equally WlIXIAM MUDGETT Chief of Police, 1862-1863 between the two counties, which it connected, of Ontario and Genesee. When the appropriation had been asked from the legislature three years before that, the request had been received with derisive shouts and the kind remark that only muskrats would go over the bridge after it had been built ; but finally the Albany statesmen were able to understand that it would be well to have some means of passage for emigrants over the new state road, who before that had to go to Avon to find a bridge or make the hazardous crossing at Rochester, New York 17 this point by fording the river. The laying of the structure insured the permanence of the settlement more than anything else could have done, and its great utility in promoting travel was enhanced by the grant of five thousand dollars in the following year for " cutting out the path and bridging the streams " on the Ridge road between Rochester and Eewiston. In 1813 Dr. Jonah Brown, the first physician, arrived ; Miss Huldah M. Strong (afterward married to the doctor) opened the first school, in a building a little east of the Arcade ; the mill-race south of East Main street was opened, the City mills were erected by Erasmus D. Smith, and the Seneca Indians — for the last time in this neighborhood — celebrated the pagan sacrifice of the White Dog, on a spot near the south end of the present Livingston park. In 1814 the British fleet of Admiral Yeo, consisting of five large vessels of war with eight smaller ones, anchored at the mouth of the river with the apparent intention of sending a detachment up to Rochester. Whereupon all the male inhabitants of this hamlet capable of bearing arms, being thirty-three in number, together with the militia of the neighboring towns, the whole force being under the command of Capt. Isaac W. Stone, marched down to Charlottesburg — as it was then called — to repel the threatened invasion, but the affair passed off without bloodshed, as no English troops were landed. The first school-house was built in this year, and Mortimer F. Reynolds, the first white child born in what was then called Rochester, came into the world on the 2d of December. In 1815 the first wedding occurred, that of Jehiel Barnard and Delia Scrantom ; the first bookstore, that of Horace L,. and George G. Sill, was opened ; the first watchmaker and jeweler, Erastus Cook, arrived, and in December the first census of the village was taken, showing a population of 331. In 1816 the Rev. Comfort Williams, the first clergyman settled in the village, was installed pastor of the Presbyterian congregation, the society having been formed in the previous year; Matthew and Francis Brown finished the mill canal, eighty-four rods long, which ever since then has borne the name of Brown's race and which provided adequate History of Police Department water for their mills, for the cotton factory and for other manufacturing establishments that had been erected before that. During all this time there were — so far as any mention can be found, or any allusion, direct or indirect — no guardians of the public peace, no one with power to make arrests, unless it were some subordinate county officers ; certainly no one Samuel M. Sherman Chief of Police, 1855 and 1865 to /8/j who could act in the name of what was practically the village. And yet it would seem that there must have been persons with some such powers, the forerunners of the present police department, if for no other purpose than to keep watch over the Indians, who were located in their wigwams near the high falls, under their chief, Hot Bread, and who, none too abstemious in their best estate, were roused by liquor to a dangerous pitch on the days when they received the bounty for wolves' scalps at the office of John Mastick, the first Rochester, New York 19 lawyer, who settled here about that time. In the earl)' part of the year Solomon Close, Pelatiah West, Jonathan Parish and Hope Davis were chosen constables at an election held in the town of Gates ; but that covered a large extent of territory, and there is no reason to suppose that their jurisdiction was particularly applicable to Rochester. Perhaps that authority was exercised by deputy sheriffs ; but no reference can be found to any action on the part of those officials other than that of chasing luckless debtors, as the Alexander McLean Chief of Police, 1873 to 1885 law of imprisonment for debt was then in force. The debtor, when he perceived that the officer was after him, generally started at the top of his speed for the bridge, and if he could reach the center of that before the deputy he would stop and laugh merrily, for the sheriff could have no jurisdiction in Ontario county. While there were no policemen there were no village authorities of any kind, and the need of a governing body came to be indispensable. So, on the 21st of March, 1 817, the legislature passed an act incorporating the village of Rochesterville, a most foolish appellation, the responsibility for which no one was ever willing to acknowledge. CHAPTER III Rochester a Village The Village Charter — The First Board of Trustees Other Officers Elected — The Street Patrol — The Night Watch — Birth of the Police De- partment — Formation of Monroe County — The First Court-House — The First Jail. The act of incorporation, which of course became the charter of the new village, contained nineteen sections, the first of which described the boundaries. The second provided for holding the annual meetings of the freeholders and inhabitants of the village qualified to vote for members of Assembly, at which five trustees were to be chosen. The remaining sections, except the last one — which declares that " this act shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be, a public act, and shall be construed in all courts of justice within this state benignly and liberally to effect every beneficial purpose therein mentioned and contained " — are devoted to a differentiation between the powers of the trustees and those of the villagers themselves ; and the reluctance of the legislature to take away the authority from the people, even to give it to those officers whom they themselves had chosen, is herein plainly shown. The trustees were, to be sure, empowered to make laws, to regulate public markets, streets and highways, to pass ordinances relative to " taverns, gin shops and huckster shops " and to the village watch and lighting the streets of the village (which is the. matter that touches us most nearly) ; to, provide against fires, to impose reasonable, fines and penalties, which should not, however, exceed twenty-five dollars for any one offense ; and to do many other things. But back of them were the villagers, and it was with them, not with the trustees, that the real authority rested Rochester, New York By a singular contradiction of terms, the freeholders and inhabitants were "ordained, constituted and declared to be, from time to time and forever hereafter, a body corporate and politic, in fact and in name, by the name of ' the trustees of Rochesterville.'" It was they, and not the five elected trustees, who had the power, at their annual meetings, to levy taxes — which should never exceed one thousand dollars in one year ; to make all the appropriations, however small, even for the most necessary expenses, and to elect the other village officers — the assessors, the treasurer, the collector, the pound-keeper, the fire wardens and the constable. The duties of the last-named official are not specified — except to say that they are to be the same as those of the constables chosen at the annual town meetings of the town of Gates — but it is probable that he, and possible that the trustees, had the power" to make arrests, and would be expected to do so in the daytime, when the members of the night watch were snug in their beds. The people got promptly to work with the organisation of the village, for the first meeting of the freeholders and inhabitants was held on the 5th of May, at the school-house, the following-named persons being elected officers : Trustees, Daniel Mack, William Cobb, Everard Peck, Francis Brown (afterward chosen president of the board) and Jehiel Barnard ; assessors, Isaac Colvin, Hastings R. Bender, Daniel D. Hatch; treasurer, Roswell Hart ; collector and constable, Ralph Lester ; fire wardens, Roswell Hart, Willis Kempshall, John G. Bond, Abner Wakelee and Francis Brown. At the next meeting, held a month later, the trustees were authorised to raise by tax the sum of $350, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of the corporation for stationery, of procuring fire hooks and ladders and taking "such other precautionary measures to guard against the destructive ravages of fire in said village as shall be expedient, regard being had to the situation of the village and the circumstances of the inhabitants at this time," and of cutting two ditches (the precursors of our modern sewers) to drain the swamp lands near private residences. At the meeting of May 13, 1818, the annual tax levy was raised to the enormous sum of one thousand History of Police Department 1 "24 i$j&> 4Qp *fc o > a II 3 g ^9 3i*& W* ^ & 31 M V„„ wV* Rochester Police Department, 1865 Rochester, New York 23 dollars, and the trustees were instructed to procure a good fire engine out of that money. So it seems that for the first two years and more the freeholders of the village gave little thought to their protection from any enemy but fire and fever. If they could ward off the one and keep the other within reasonable subjection they were safe enoiigh. Hot Bread and his dusky followers had not "folded their tents like the Arabs," but had simply knocked over their wigwams and then all departed toward the setting sun ; what white drunkards or thieves there were left could easily be handled without gloves or without clubs, and the preservation of the public peace could well be left to the lone constable who was annually elected. It is true that during 1818 Matthew Brown, Roswell Hart, William P. Sherman, Daniel Mack and H. R. Bender were appointed as street patrol, but, as they were all business men and most of them held other offices than this, it is reasonable to suppose that their duties in this regard were only nominal. It finally dawned upon the inhabitants that it might be well to have some additional guardians, and then they remembered that their charter had alluded to something of that kind. At a meeting held December 28, 1819, it was voted "that the sum of eighty dollars be raised by tax to defray the expense of maintaining a village night watch, which had been appointed on the 10th inst, and to be continued so long as the said money raised will admit." That fixes the date of the birth of the police department of the city of Rochester, for that night watch was the predecessor of the patrolmen of to-day, and between the two there is an unbroken line of succession. Who that original night watch was may never be known ; his name, unfortunately, is lost in oblivion, for it does not appear in the manuscript records of these meetings, the volume of which, extending over all the time that this place was a village, lies now before the writer. That there was only one such person, not only at first but for some time afterward, and that his employment was intermittent, is shown by the fact that, although in the following year the tax to be raised for that purpose was increased to one hundred dollars, in the year after that it was lowered to the original History of Police Department amount of eighty dollars, " to support a night watch for so long a time, now commencing, as a faithful man can be hired for that sum." In 1820, beginning with September 21, Hon. Roger Skinner held a session of the United States district court here, which was the first court of record held in the village. Henry S. Hbbard Police Commissioner, 1865 to 1873 The population in that year, according to the United States census, was 1,502. The year of 1821 was a memorable one in the history of Rochester, not because of any particular legislation regarding the little place, or any extraordinary events that occurred here then, but because Monroe county was erected in that year. That meant that the village was thereafter to be a county seat, with new buildings to be erected more stately Rochester, New York 2, than had been seen here before, with a host of officers to be elected, to receive salaries and expend them ; that the place was to have facilities for transacting business far greater than had been possessed previously ; that its inhabitants were to be spared the costly and laborious journey to Canandaigua to attend court, record a deed or pay county taxes ; that Rochester was to assume its, rightful position and be subordinate to no other municipality ; that it was to rise, not sink, another Rome and not another Carthage. All these things were keenly felt by the inhabitants long before that, and would have absorbed even more attention than they did if the people had not been so much interested those years in another matter — that of the location of the Erie canal ; for there was much danger that another course would be taken, somewhat south of here. So mass meetings were held continually, petitions circulated extensively and handbills scattered broadcast, until the route was settled, as it has remained since then. But, even while that great question was agitating all minds, strenuous efforts were made to have the new county formed. Even as early as 1816 a fund of nearly seven thousand dollars was raised to effect that result ; but when Col. Rochester and Matthew Brown went down to Albany, in 1817, and presented the matter to the legislature they could accomplish nothing. Another failure two years later ; then more mass meetings, followed by a convention of delegates from all the towns concerned, held at Ensworth's tavern, as it was then called, which was built by Dr. Azel Ensworth the year before that, on the corner of Main and State streets, run by him for a year or two and then turned over to his son Russell. For many years it was known by the family name, and after that was called the Eagle Tavern and then the Eagle Hotel till it was closed on the nth of February, 1863, shortly after which it was torn down to make way for the Powers block. But even then the mournful tale of defeat was repeated, and it was not till 1821 that the committee succeeded in their efforts and that the bill creating a new county out of parts of Ontario and Genesee counties, and naming it after James Monroe — then president of the History of Police Department United States — became a law on the 23d day of February. The successful opposition to this perfectly just and necessary measure had been made principally by some influential people of Canandaigua, who saw clearly that the unnatural supremacy of their little village would be taken away from it, and their obstructive schemes were well executed by John C. Spencer, afterward eminent as a jurist, who was then a member of Jacob Howe, Sr. Police Commissioner, 1865 to 1&67 Assembly from Ontario county, and who was aided in his dubious work by Samuel M. Hopkins, a member from Genesee county, who perceived that the little village of Batavia must likewise lose much of its prestige The first thing to be clone here after that was the erection of the county building — or court-house, as it was invariably called, from the fact that the court-room filled the whole of the second storey, while the basement was occupied by the clerk's office, and afterward the police office also, the first Rochester, New York 37 floor being taken up by the jury room and the supervisors' room, the latter being also occupied by the Common Council after the city was incorporated. Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll gave the land (166 feet on Main street by 264 feet on Fitzhugh), which is still used for the same purpose, and the corner stone was laid on the 4th of September, 1821, the building being completed a year later at a cost of $6,715.66. Only the older inhabitants can remember that first court- house. It is to please them, as well as to give information to the younger generation, that a description, given in the directory of 1827, * s subjoined : "The natural declivity of the ground is reduced to two platforms — the first on the level of Buffalo street, forming a neat yard in front of the building, which recedes seventy-five feet from the true line of the street, the other raised about six feet above the former and divided from it by the building itself and two wing walls of uniform appearance, presenting, toward Buffalo street, the aspect of an elevated terrace, but on a level with the streets immediately adjoining. This last, together with the yard of the First Presbyterian church, now comprehended within the same inclosure, forms a small square, laid out in grass plots and gravel walks, and needs only the further attention of the citizens, in planting it with shade trees and shrubbery, to render it a very pleasant and valuable accommodation as a public walk. This is now known by the name of Court square. The court-house building is fifty-four feet long, forty-four feet wide and forty high. It presents two fronts, the one facing Court square, showing two storeys and a base, the other toward Buffalo street, two storeys and a full basement. Each front is finished with a projecting portico, thirty feet long and ten feet wide, supported by four Ionic columns surmounted by a regular entablature and balustrade, which returns and continues along the whole front. From the center of the building arises an octagonal belfry, covered with a cupola. The basement affords con- venient offices for county and village purposes. The court- room is in the second storey, extending the entire length and breadth of the building, and is a remarkably well lighted and airy apartment." As a supplement to this long account, it may not be out of place to recall to the recollection of the older readers of this volume two one-storey structures that were erected on the front corners of the plaza a few years after the court-house History of Police Department was built. They were like two little Grecian temples (devoted to the worship of iEsculapius and Themis), of the Doric order of architecture, with porch and pillars and pediment all complete. The one on the Fitzhugh street corner was constructed by Drs. Elwood and Coleman, who used it as their office for some time, until it became a public building, occupied by the county clerk until the erection of the second court-house, when it was removed. The other classical George G. Cooper Police Commissioner, 1867 to 1877 edifice, on the corner of Irving place, was raised by Vincent and Selah Mathews and used for a long time as their law offices. The county subsequently obtained possession of a portion of it for the surrogate, who occupied it till 1850, but it was not then, like its companion, torn down, but reverted to its original purpose as a private law office, and was suffered to remain until the Civil war time, when it was so much in the way of the recruiting tents that were scattered all about that it was at last removed. It had become an anachronism, it was wholly out of place, but it was an ancient landmark, and everyone was sorry to see it obliterated. Rochester, New York Of course the jail was erected in the same year, for what would be the use of having a county if they didn't have a county jail ? Of what was done before that with persons who from the vintage of the country became too merry or too ugly or too helpless, to say nothing of more serious offenders and of real criminals, no record whatever can be found ; they must have been confined somewhere, but where no one will ever know. It is impossible to give anything like a description No Photo by J. W.Taylor FREDERICK ZlMMER Police Commissioner, 1873 to 1884 that first place of involuntary detention. It stood on rth Fitzhugh street, then called Hughes street, on the present site of the German United Evangelical St. Paul's church. It contained two tiers of cells, divided by a hall through the center, and was inclosed with a high and formidable stone wall. It was situated in the rear of a commodious brick house, occupied by the jailer's family, and the two structures together cost the county $3,674.71. Having been used for its intended purpose for eleven years, it was, after the erection of the jail on the Island, occupied for a long time as a recruiting station for the United States army. CHAPTER IV Crime in Rochester The First Burglary — The Evil of Intemperance — The First Homicide — Name oe the Village Changed — Part of Brighton Annexed to Roch- ester — The Tread-Mill Advocated — Attempted Jail Delivery — A Singular Forgery — Increase of Power of the Trustees — The Morgan Ab- duction. Turn we now to the darker side of life, to a search for the earliest recorded crime in Rochester. This is to be found in the Telegraph of August 21, 182 1, which contains a brief account of a burglary that had taken place a week before that in the store of Hart & Saxton, which was located on the spot where the Elwood block now stands. The clerks, who were sleeping in an adjoining room — after the custom of those times — were awakened by the noise made in attempting to break open the cash drawer, whereupon the thieves departed without taking with them any of the articles which they had removed from the shelves and piled on the counter. No mention is made of any arrests or any attempt to track the housebreakers. Intemperance was recognised as a prominent evil in early days, for the grand jury in their presentment to the court of General Sessions of the Peace for Monroe county, in 1821, condemned the increase of grog shops and of grocery stores in which liquor was sold, denounced the great want of fairness and honesty in the executive officers of the county and particularly the constables, and declared that a great dereliction of duty existed on the part of the justices of the peace. Passing counterfeit money seems to have been another prevalent failing at that time ; but the western country was Rochester, New York 31 then so flooded with spurious bills that the frequent arrests did little good, for the holder of the defective notes was as often an innocent victim as an intentional wrong-doer. On the 27th of October, 1821, five of the state prisoners at work on the aqueduct of the Erie canal availed themselves of the moment when all were retreating from a blast that was about to be discharged, to make their escape. The services of the village guardians were not, however, called into requisition in pursuit of the fugitives, for the newspaper account of the affair says that they were chased by the guard — evidently a body of men employed by the state — and four were retaken after one of them had been wounded by a bayonet thrust. While the officers were pursuing the fifth absconder the injured man was left alone, whereupon he naturally seized the opportunity and fled away. It would rather seem, though it is not certain, that in 1822 the number of the night watch must have been increased from one to a plurality, because the freeholders in that year voted to raise a tax of two hundred dollars to support that body. Raphael Beach was elected collector and constable, having held that double office for the previous year (following therein George G. Sill and Charles Millard), and was re-elected four times afterward. Solomon Close was, at the annual town meeting held in Gates, elected constable and collector, which probably gave him no jurisdiction in Rochester, although the village was in that town. On the 12th of April the name of the corporation was changed by legislative enactment from Rochesterville to Rochester, an alteration that was necessary only to make law conform to custom, as the longer title had never been used except in official documents or legal papers.* The first homicide in Monroe county, so far as known, which did not take place in Rochester but in the town of Gates outside of the village, occurred in July of this year, when a man named Nichols, after a quarrel with Squire Hill, struck the latter'on the head, inflicting a wound *It is worthy of mention that of the very few misstatements in the directory of 1827 is one to the effect that the name was changed in 1819, and that error has been reproduced a thousand times An examination of the session laws shows that no act relating in any. way to Rochester was passed in that year. History of Police Department from which he died a few days later. Nichols was lodged in the county jail, but he escaped, was retaken and then got away again. He was probably not recaptured the second time, for no record of his trial can be found. The fourth village census was taken in September, showing that the population had nearly doubled in two years, the number given as permanent residents being 2,700, besides 430 laborers on the public works. Henry C. Daniels , Police Commissioner, 1877 to 1880 - ! Following the chronological system of narration, the record for 1823 will comprise only the following items : Addison Gardiner, afterward so distinguished as a judge was appointed a justice of the peace? by. Governor Yates. On the 10th of April the legislature passed an act annexing to Rochester a part of the town of Brighton, thereby makine- the village extend on both sides of the river. On the 2 ?d f April the body of a man with his throat cut was found by Rochester, New York K the side of the Ridge road, in the town of Parma ; no trace of the murderer was ever found. Toward the close of the year the inhabitants voted a tax of one hundred and sixty dollars " for supporting a village night watch during the winter." Opinions seemed to differ as to the average moral character of the community, for the Rochester Telegraph of February 10, 1824, after making the somewhat extreme statement that " probably no place in the Union of the size of Rochester is so much infested with the dregs and outcasts of society as this village," mentions the fact that a meeting had been held during the previous week at which a committee was appointed to draft a petition to the legislature for the passage of a law to erect a tread-mill — or " stepping-mill," as it was called. The newspaper applauds the scheme, as providing something like an adequate punishment for minor offenders and as likely to prove such a terror to peripatetic criminals that they would stay away from this region. Whether such an act was ever introduced in the legislature is not known ; it was certainly never enacted into a law. Public sentiment against this form of torture has since that time steadily progressed, but the degrading punishment lingered long in some of the English prisons, where it has only lately come to an end, being finally abolished in 1902. One is somewhat perplexed in reading the presentment of the grand jury at the March term in that year of the Circuit court and court of Oyer and Terminer, in which it speaks twice of " the village police " and both times in most uncomplimentary terms. The word must have been used in an academic sense, to denote the whole intangible system of public protection and preservation of the peace — or possibly the entire village government — for there were no police, in our sense of the word, and the term " policeman " was not applied to any person till many years afterward. There may have been some persons who gave their services as volunteer guardians during the daytime, though they had no official standing, for their names do not appear on any records. The number of night watch could not have been materially increased, for from this time on no specific mention is made 3 34 History of Police Department of any appropriation for their support. On the evening of July 31 of that year a desperate attempt at escape was made by the prisoners confined in the jail. The plot was carefully formed, but, as often happens in such cases, its very elaborateness caused its undoing, and the sheriff, John T. Patterson, received information in some way of the projected enterprise. The noise in the corridor about ten o'clock made Photo by J, W. Taylor Jacob Howe, Jr. Police Commissioner, 1880 to 1S84 it evident that the prisoners had got out of their cells and were preparing for their final exit. At that moment the sheriff opened the door, armed with pistols and accompanied by a few citizens whom he had called upon for assistance. The lights were thereupon blown out by the prisoners, several of whom made a rush to seize Mr. Patterson, who fired his pistol, though without effect, owing to the darkness. A conflict ensued between the two parties, in which iron bars Rochester, New York 35 and hickory clubs were used as the weapons, and the struggle ceased not until most of the prisoners, as well as several of the citizens, were considerably injured. That ended the riot and the undertaking. In the October circuit John H. Ribby was convicted of manslaughter in killing his wife, under circumstances of unusual brutality and was sentenced by Judge William B. Rochester to state prison for fourteen years. Morally it was murder, but, as the woman lived for a week after the husband had beaten and kicked her, he got off with the sentence of a few years for manslaughter. What seems the undue lenity of the sentence in this case was offset by the severity of that imposed on Samuel Jones at the court of Oyer and Terminer held in the following April, Judge Walworth, of Saratoga county, presiding. The prisoner, who was charged with forgery, was convicted and sentenced to state prison for life. He was defended by Messrs. Lee, Marvin and Dickson, while Messrs. Chapin and Hosmer assisted the district-attorney, Vincent Matthews, in the prosecution. The story of a crime so heinous as to warrant the penalty of exclusion forever from the sunlight may as well be told in the words of one of the village weeklies of that time : " The trial disclosed as bold, and for a time as successful, a piece of villainy as can be found in the annals of forgery. In the year 1814 Jones came from Massachusetts to reside in this vicinity. Being poor, he engaged as a hired laborer. In the family where he resided he made accidental discovery of the tenure of title by which one thousand acres of valuable land in Brighton was held, and conceived the project of possessing himself of this land by forging a chain of titles from the original grantor to his father. He was ignorant and illiterate, but the resources of his mind were considerable. By a train of operations he had so far effected his purpose that in the year 1821 he commenced an ejectment suit to dispossess one of the settlers of this tract. While this suit was pending he went to Ohio, and, with the aid of accomplices there, manufactured a deed for the thousand acres, bearing the date of 1790. This deed was presented at the Circuit court held at Rochester by Judge Piatt, and was so fully supported by perjured witnesses that it prevailed. Jones recovered and turned out of possession the honest purchaser 36 History of Police Department and occupant of two hundred acres, being a part of the tract. He then, by other suits and negotiations, obtained possession of the whole premises comprised in the forged deed, which he occupied for more than a year. But here providence interposed to disclose his villainy. By great perseverance and exertions the facts were, one by one, brought to light. The trial, which began with about sixty witnesses attending on behalf of the people, who were collected from three or Photo bu J. W. Taylor James D. Casey Police Commissioner, 1884 to 1899 And Commissioner of Public Safety, 1900-1901 four different states, occupied less than two days, and the verdict was speedily rendered." How different would be the result of such an affair in these times ! After repeated delays and postponements and motions and stays and appeals and new trials, the culprit, if he really had to undergo any punishment at all beyond the payment of extortionate counsel fees, would get off with a few years of imprisonment, certainly not enough to prevent Rochester, New York 37 his returning home before his younger children had finished their education. Have we grown more tender-hearted, or is it that we are more indifferent to the perpetration of crime ? One census was not enough for 1825 ; the village authorities took the enumeration in February, making the population 4,274, and the state officials did it again in August, making the number 5,273. Perhaps it was that increase of nearly twenty-five per cent, in six months that made the people of the little settlement ambitious to have their village become a city. It may seem a ridiculous aspiration in these days of gigantic municipalities, but the scheme was widely agitated during the fall though it was finally abandoned in favor of the proposition to amend the charter by granting increased powers to the board of trustees. It will be remembered how restricted those were by the terms of the act of incorporation, and it is no wonder that the trustees chafed under their limitations. So the new charter was prepared to obviate that difficulty; and also dividing the village into five wards, the first three on the west side of the river, the fourth and fifth on the east, in what had been Brighton ; in that shape the act passed the legislature in the following year. The year of 1826 was memorable in criminal annals as that in which the abduction of Morgan took place. William Morgan was a man of rather low character and of intemperate habits, a printer by trade, who had previously lived in Rochester but had wandered off and settled in Batavia. While here he had been admitted into the order of Free Masonry, but he never advanced to any high degree in the fraternity and indeed was not in good standing. From some cause he conceived a hatred against the order and declared his intention of publishing a book revealing its secrets. After it was known that the book was really being put in type, efforts were made to suppress it, but threats and offered bribes were of no avail, for Morgan's stubborn nature refused to let him yield after he had gone so far. A series of petty persecutions then began, and he was repeatedly put in jail for small debts. Finally he was taken from his home in Batavia, on a charge of petty larceny in that he had borrowed 38 History of Police Department a shirt from a landlord in Canandaigua and had not returned it, and was carried off to the latter village to be tried. There the charge was dismissed, but he was immediately re-arrested for a debt of two dollars, which he admitted, and was lodged in jail. That was on the nth of September, and, so far as is known, he was never seen again as a free man. On the following night, several men came to the jail, paid the debt and the costs and took Morgan away with them in a carriage, Joseph W. Rosenthal, Police Commissioner, 1884 to r888 in spite of the struggles of the prisoner, who received no assistance, as the jailer was absent and the business was transacted with the wife of that official. Morgan's wife became alarmed over his prolonged absence from home, and her individual excitement soon spread among her neighbors and thence all over the state. Indictments were soon found for abduction, against four residents of Canandaigua, two of whom, at least, were prominent citizens, and, when they came to trial, although a formidable array of counsel, consisting of John C. Spencer, Mark H. Sibley, Walter Hubbell and H. F. Rochester, New York 39 Penfield, appeared to defend them, three of them pleaded guilty and were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, one of them, the person who had actually paid the fine, getting two years in the county jail. A Morgan committee was formed, through whose efforts the route taken by the carriage or other vehicles containing the prisoner was traced, stage by stage, from Canandaigua through this city down to the Ridge road and thence west to Lewiston, where, as was alleged, he was taken across the Niagara river to Canada. Governor De Witt Clinton made every effort to have him traced further, but was unsuccessful. The excitement increased rather than diminished during the next three years, during which time a great number of indictments, most of them for abduction, were found in five different counties of the state, against sheriffs, deputy sheriffs and others, and some convictions were obtained, though in most cases the jury disagreed. As to Morgan's fate, nothing was ever positively known, but the circumstantial evidence elicited seemed to warrant the belief that, after being kept for some time in an old magazine in Fort Niagara, he was put into a boat, rowed out into the river and drowned. No one now believes, or has believed for more than half a century, that the Masonic body, as such, had anything to do with the affair or was cognisant of even the first steps taken, but in that unhappy time the widespread indignation was indiscriminating against the whole order, so that in 1829 a ^ the Masonic bodies in Rochester and the surrounding country terminated their existence by surrendering their charters to the grand lodge. Some fourteen years later, the excitement having passed away, the lodges resumed their charters and the fraternity became stronger in this community than ever before. CHAPTER V The Growth of the Village Ordinances of the Board of Trustees — Morality Strictly Maintained — Village Constables — Basil Hall's "Travels in North America" — His Description of Rochester — Phenomenal Activity of the Village — Sam Patch's Leap to Death — Sabbatarian Agitation — The Second Jail Built. The increase of authority in the hands of the trustees seems to have worked advantageously, for the directory of 1827 takes occasion, under the heading "The Police," to remark: "The powers of the board of trustees are believed to comprehend everything necessary to secure and enforce neatness, regularity, good order, and safety by night and by day, within the precincts of the corporation, and efficiently to restrain whatever may be offensive, or detrimental to decency, good morals or religion." To attain these various desirable ends, the board adopted a number of ordinances, of which the following may be mentioned : No person was to keep above twelve pounds of gunpowder in any house within the village, nor even that quantity except in close canisters, under a penalty of twenty dollars ; a fine of ten dollars was imposed for constructing insecure chimneys to any house or manufactory, or for failing to obey the directions of fire wardens in things relating to security against fire or for failing to keep fireplaces in good repair so as to be safe, the same amount being levied on each of the firemen for each neglect of duty at a conflagra- tion ; while five dollars had to. be paid for every violation of the rules that each house should have a scuttle in the roof and stairs to the same, that fire buckets should be kept in each house, that fireplaces should be cleaned every three Rochester, New York 4' months, that no candle or fire should be kept or carried in an exposed manner in any livery stable, that no person should burn shavings, chips or straw within fifty feet of any building, that all bell-ringers were bound to ring on an alarm of fire, that the inhabitants must obey the orders of the chief engineer and fire wardens at fires, and that no one but those officials must give any orders at such times. Photo by J. W. Taylor Jacob A. Hoekstra Police Commissioner, 1888 to 1895 The foregoing shows that the dread of fire continued to be dominant with the trustees, but at the same time they had their eyes open to the interest of "good morals or religion," as shown by the fact that, while shows of all kinds were prohibited unless special license were obtained,- the penalty being ten dollars, theatrical representations were absolutely forbidden, as being a thing accursed, so that for transgressing that ordinance a principal or manager had to pay, or would 4^ History of Police Department have had to pay, twenty-five dollars for each offense, subordi- nate actors a smaller sum, and circus riders were equally under the ban; no nine-pin alley could be kept, under a penalty of five dollars a day, while the sanctity of the Sabbath was preserved by the provision that masters of canal boats should pay two dollars if they suffered any horn or bugle to be blown on that day, and grocers had to pay ten dollars if Charles C. Chapin Police Commissioner, 1896 to 1899 they sold liquors or served customers at that- time. The neatness and good order mentioned above were maintained by appropriate requirements, such as one compelling house- keepers to sweep and clean the sidewalks opposite their dwellings every Saturday from the first day of April to the first of November. The little directory gives the names of the officers of the corporation at that time, among them those of Raphael Beach as collector and constable and Stephen Symonds as constable. Rochester, New York 43 A careful search among the list of inhabitants shows that each of these two persons is designated as a " village constable," while the occupation of seven others — namely, Butler Bard- well, Stephen B. Bartlett, Alexander Kenyou, Mitchell Loder, Aaron Newton, Nelson Thompson and Jesse Newton — is given as that of "constable." This would seem to indicate, though perhaps not with certainty, that the seven were simply court attendants, with no duties outside the halls of justice, the maintenance of order and the power of making arrests, during the daytime, being left entirely with Beach and Symonds. A little later in the year Stephen Symonds and Robert H. Stevens were elected constables, in 1828 Alonzo Bull and Orville Crane, in 1829 Adonijah Green and Aaron Newton, in 1830 Cornelius Campbell and Henry M. Hubbard, in 1831 Seth Simmons and Truman Jackson, in 1832 Cornelius Campbell and Seth Simmons, and in 1833 Abraham W. Sedgwick and Marcus Moses. That was the end of the village constables. We have seen what was said about Rochester by its own inhabitants, both those who praised it without discrimination and those who were severe in their strictures, perhaps like some fond parents who find fault with their children in order to hear them commended by others. Let us now see what impression was produced on the mind of a foreign visitor at this time, a man of unusual powers of observation and of more than ordinary skill in narration, Capt. Basil Hall, a distinguished officer of the British navy, but who is far less known for his achievements in that profession than for his description of his travels in North America. Perhaps the extract may seem rather long, and the criticism may be made that it is not relevant to the theme of this book, but I shall offer no apologies to my readers, for I think that they will not only be pleased by the style of the narrative, but will perceive, on reflection, that the story shows clearly the orderly activity of the place and indicates that there was no need of any large police force where there were so many busy workers, so few mischievous idlers. Capt. Hall says : "On the 25th of June we drove across the country [from Canandaigua] to the village of Rochester, which is built on 44 History of Police Department the banks of the Genesee river, just above some beautiful waterfalls. The Erie canal passes through the heart of this singular village and strides across the river on a noble aqueduct of stone. Rochester is celebrated all over the Union as presenting one of the most striking instances of rapid increase in size and population of which that country affords any example. The chief source of its commercial and agricultural prosperity is the canal, as the village is made the B. Frank Enos Police Clerk, i8yi to i8p8 emporium of the rich agricultural districts bordering on the Genesee river. In proportion as the soil is brought into cultivation, or subdued, to use the local phrase, the consumers will become more numerous and their means more extensive. Thus the demands of the surrounding country must go on augmenting rapidly, and, along with them, both the imports and the exports of every kind will increase in proportion. Out of more than 8,000 souls in this gigantic young village, there was not to be found in 1827 a single grown-up person born there, the oldest native not being then seventeen years of age." * *He may refer to Mary, daughter of Isaac W. Stone, and afterward wife of John F. Bush, who was born August 16, 1811, on St. Paul street, in what was then Brighton, though it had become a part of Rochester before Basil Hall was here. Rochester, New York 45 After giving some extracts of statistics from the valuable directory of that year, to which reference has been made more than once, the captain goes on : " We strolled through the village under the guidance of ' a most obliging and intelligent friend, a native of this part of the country. Everything in this bustling place appeared to be in motion. The very streets seemed to be starting up of their own accord, ready made and looking as fresh and new James G. Cutler Commissioner of Public Safety, /poo as if they had been turned out of the workmen's hands but an .hour before, or that a great boxful of new houses had been sent by steam from New York and tumbled out on the half- cleared land. The canal banks were at some places still unturfed ; the lime seemed hardly dry in the masonry of the aqueduct, in the bridges and in the numberless great sawmills and manufactories. In many of these buildings the people were at work below stairs, while at top the carpenters were busy nailing on the planks of the roof. Some dwellings were half painted, while the foundations of others, within five 4 History of Police Department yards' distance, were only beginning. I cannot say how many churches, court-houses, jails and hotels I counted, all in motion, creeping upward. Several streets were nearly finished, but had not as yet received their names, and many others were in the reverse predicament, being named but not commenced, their local habitation being merely signified by lines of stakes. Here and there we saw great warehouses, without window sashes, but half filled with goods and furnished with hoisting cranes, ready to fish up the huge pyramids of flour barrels, bales and boxes lying in the streets. In the center of the town the spire of a Presbyterian church rose to a great height, and on each side of the supporting tower was Early Police Officers to be seen the dial-plate of a clock, of which the machinery, in the hurry-skurry, had been left in New York. I need not say that these half-finished, whole-finished and embryo streets were crowded with people, carts, stages, cattle, pigs, far beyond the reach of numbers, and as all these were lifting up their voices together, in keeping with the clatter of hammers, the ringing of axes and the creaking of machinery, there was a fine concert, I assure you. "But it struck us that the interest of the town, for it seems idle to call it a village, was subordinate to that of the suburbs. A few years ago the whole of that part of the country was covered with a dark, silent forest, and, even as it was, we could not proceed a mile in any direction except that of the high road, without coming full-butt against the woods of time immemorial. After we had gone about a mile from town the forest thickened, we lost sight of every trace of a Rochester, New York 47 human dwelling or of human interference with nature in any shape. We stood considering what we should do next, when the loud crash of a falling tree met our ears. Our friendly guide was quite glad, he said, to have this opportunity of exhibiting the very first step in the process of town-making. After a zigzag scramble amongst trees which had been allowed to grow and decay for century after century, we came to a spot where three or four men were employed in clearing out a street, as they declared, though anything more unlike a street could not well be conceived. Nevertheless, the ground in question certainly formed part of the plan of the town. It had been chalked out by the. surveyors' stakes, and some speculators, having taken up the lots for immediate building, of course found it necessary to open a street through the woods, to afford a line of communication with the rest of the village. As fast as the trees were cut down they were stripped of their branches and drawn off by oxen, sawed into planks or otherwise fashioned to the purposes of building, without one moment's delay. There was little or no exaggeration, therefore, in supposing, with our friend, that the same fir which might be waving about in full life and vigor in the morning should be cut down, dragged into daylight, squared, framed, and before night be hoisted up to make a beam or rafter to some tavern or factory or store, at the corner of a street which twenty-four hours before had existed only on paper, and yet which might be completed, from end to end, within a week afterward." A little later they encountered a gentleman of pleasing address who had been hunting and had quite a supply of game hanging at his saddle-bow. After a few moments of agreeable conversation the sportsman rode on, and the guide gave the information that he was the dancing master of the village, whereupon, our author remarks: "After laughing a little, I don't well know why, I acknowledged myself well pleased to have witnessed so undeniable a symptom of refine- ment peeping out amongst the rugged manners of the forest. At first sight it would seem that, where people are so intensely busy, their habits must almost necessarily, according to all analogy, partake in some degree of the unpolished nature of their occupations, and, consequently, they must be more or less insensible to the value of such refinements. I was, therefore, glad to see so good a proof, as far as it went, of my History of Police Department being in error." Very true, but it seems a little strange that the trustees, who suppressed so rigidly all dramatic entertain- ments, should have tolerated the practice of so frivolous a profession.* For the next three years but little can be found to be noticed in the domain of crime and folly, except that the increase in habits of intoxication caused the first public P. H. SUIXIVAN Captain, i8ji to 1882 temperance meeting to be held here in 1828; Sam Patch took his own life, though not intentionally, in 1829, ^Y jumping over the falls in the presence of an immense throng, * Capt. Hall carried with him during his travels in this country a camera lucida, an invention that had been recently perfected by Dr. Wollaston, and with the aid of this ingenious mechanism he made as many as forty etchings that were afterward reproduced and published in a separate volume. That book, of which a limited number of copies were issued, has become extremely valuable on account of its rarity. A copy owned by a friend of the present writer has been kindly loaned for the purpose of reproducing a picture which is called "the village of Rochester" and which shows the first court-house, with the Presbyterian church in the rear and adjacent stores in the fore- ground. It will be found opposite the title-page of this volume. Rochester, New York 49 and in 1830 Joseph Smith, the founder of a creed that has not tended to the betterment of the world, tried unsuccessfully to get Thurlow Weed to publish the Mormon Bible, from plates which he professed to have dug up near Palmyra in the early part of that year. A spasm of morality seemed to come over the western part of the state about this time, the most feverish manifesta- tion of it being in Rochester, where the orthodox people had long been scandalised by the passage of canal boats on the Sabbath. The trustees had silenced the music of the melodious bugle on that day, but with that their power ended, further progress must be made by moral pressure, and so popular meetings were held at which the iniquity of traveling on Sunday, whether by boat or by stage coach, was denounced in violent terms ; those who continued to do so were roundly abused, a kind of religious boycott was put in force and finally a string of stages, the Pioneer line, was established, which was to run only on week-days, the expense of which, about sixty thousand dollars, was shared mainly by Aristarchus Champion, Josiah Bissell and A. W. Riley and was almost a total loss, for the line was a failure, though it was productive of an improvement in the comfort of public vehicles. The other side was equally vehement and embraced men equally prominent with the would-be reformers. On January 14, 1831, a large meeting of "the friends of liberal principles and equal rights" was held to protest against proposed Sabbatarian laws and against the religious test used in courts of justice. Whatever may be thought of the struggle over the main question, one action of this meeting will commend itself to all. After passing a resolution calling upon the legislature to abolish imprisonment for debt, as being odious, unjust and a relic of barbarism, those present took up a collection to discharge the financial obligations of the persons then imprisoned on that account, the money was paid over to the deputy jailer that evening, the jail doors were opened and all the debtors were released. The doors were opened for all, though not to the enlargement of the inmates, a year later, for the second jail was completed in 1832, having been begun in the previous 4 50 History of Police Department year. It cost $13,412.56, including $1,250.19 for the lot, from which may be deducted $2,600 that was realised from the sale of the old structure on Fitzhugh street. This second jail stood on the artificial island formed by the river and the bend of the Fitzhugh and Carroll race, on the site now occupied by the train-shed of the Erie railroad station, south of Court street. The building was one hundred feet long by forty feet wide, built entirely of stone and so close to the Charles McCormick Captain, 1&S5 to iSgs river that the waters washed its eastern foundation wall. In the main prison, which was sixty by forty feet, was a block of forty cells in two tiers, each cell being four feet wide, eight feet long and seven feet high, while above them was a room of the whole area of the prison, which at a later period was fitted up with cells of a larger size. The jailer's dwelling, which formed a part of the edifice, was forty feet square and three storeys high, the third floor being divided into seven rooms intended for debtors, for women and for men charged with minor offenses. The last-named class were commonly Rochester, New York 51 employed in making furniture, in weaving, tailoring and shoemaking. Henry O'Reilly, in his "Sketches of Rochester and Western New York," published in 1838, says: "During last summer the men under sentence were employed in breaking stone in the yard ; the lowest number thus employed at any one time was fifteen and the highest thirty-eight; the average number of prisoners in the whole jail for the year ending October 4, 1837, was about fifty. Edwin Avery, the late jailer, kept in the yard a man and a boy to assist in governing the prisoners engaged in outdoor work. All the prisoners inside were managed solely by himself. It gives us great pleasure to bear testimony to the exemplary manner in which he discharged his duties, not merely as a public officer but as a humane citizen. He deserves much credit for meliorating the condition of the prisoners by inducing them to labor voluntarily in various useful ways and for endeavoring to promote the education of boys and other prisoners who could conveniently be taught in the upper part of the building. We doubt not that the present jailer, Ephraim Gilbert, will continue efforts so happily begun for improving the condition of the vicious or unfortunate who may be thrown in his charge. In considering the number of prisoners it should be borne in mind that the county from which they are collected is exceeded in size by only four counties in the state." This second jail stood for more than half a century, and during the latter period of its existence it became a disgrace to the county, from the neglect of the board of supervisors to keep it in decent repair or to build a new one. Escape from it became more and more easy, especially in the summer weather, when the river bed was dry and the fugitives could walk across it after letting themselves down from the windows; in fact, it became easier to get out of jail than to get into it. CHAPTER VI Rochester a City The First Officers of the Municipality — The New Charter — The City Marshal — Organisation of the Watchmen — Location of Police Office and Lock-up — The Question of Licenses — Friction between the Mayor and the Common Council — Resignation of Mayor Child. By 1834 Rochester had grown large enough and rich enough to entitle it to incorporation as a city. Its population, according to the directory of that year, was 12,252, its trade and commerce were continually increasing and its supremacy of influence was recognised throughout the western portion of the state. So the legislature passed the desired law on the 28th of April, and on the 2d of June the freeholders and inhabitants held their last village meeting, electing five aldermen, with as many assistants, five assessors and five constables. The other officers were chosen by the Common Council a week later, completing, as follows, the list of the first officers of the new municipality: Mayor, Jonathan Child; recorder, Isaac Hills; aldermen — first ward, Lewis Brooks; assistant, John Jones; second ward, Thomas Kemp- shall ; assistant, Elijah F. Smith ; third ward, Frederick F. Backus; assistant, Jacob Thorn; fourth ward, Ashbel W. Riley ; assistant, Lansing B. Swan ; fifth ward, Jacob Graves ; assistant, Henry Kennedy; clerk of the Common Council, John C. Nash ; attorney and counsellor, Vincent Matthews ; marshal, Ephraim Gilbert; treasurer, Elihu F. Marshall; superintendent, Samuel Works; chief engineer of the fire department, William H. Ward; assistants, Theodore Chapin and Kilian H. Van Rensselaer ; fire wardens — first ward, John Haywood and Abelard Reynolds; second ward, John Jones Rochester, New York 5? and Willis Kempshall; third ward, Erasmus D. Smith and Thomas H. Rochester; fourth ward, Nehemiah Osburn and Obadiah N. Bush ; fifth ward, Daniel Graves and Bill Colby ; assessors, John Haywood, Ephraim Gilbert, Daniel Loomis, Horatio N. Curtis and Orrin E. Gibbs ; justices of the peace, Thomas H. Dunning, Samuel Miller and Nathaniel Draper; police justice, Sidney Smith ; street inspectors, Harmon Taylor, Silas Ball, Eleazar Tillotson, John Coulter and John Gifford ; WmiiM Keith Captain, 1885 to 1894. school inspectors, G. H. Mumford, E. S. Marsh, Moses Chapin, Joseph Edgell and Samuel Tuttle ; constables, Cornelius Fielding, Joseph Putnam, Isaac Weston, Sluman W. Harris and Philander Davis; overseers of the poor, William G. Russell and William C. Smith ; sealer of weights and measures, E. A. Miller; sexton of West burying-ground, Z. Norton. It may be well to give a synopsis of those provisions of the new charter that were applicable to our department. The compactly inhabited part of the city was constituted the 54 History of Police Department "lamp and watch district," the limits of which were to be prescribed annually by the Common Council, and a separate column was to be provided in the assessment rolls for the tax to be imposed upon the real estate within that district, and upon the personal property of all persons living therein, "to defray the expense of lighting the city and compensating watchmen and for the prevention and extinguishment of fires," it being carefully provided that the sum " to be appro- tafiifiBiiiii Old Center Market, on Front Street The Police Headquarters and the Police Court were in the north wing priated to the lighting of the city and for the support of a night watch" should not exceed $1500. As might be expected, the most elaborate provisions were made against the dreaded igneous enemy, the powers delegated to the council for this purpose being almost unlimited and so minutely expressed as to constitute practically a code of fire ordinances in themselves. Nothing was said about the number of watchmen to be appointed, that being evidently left to the council, but the discretion was not very wide considering the amount of compensation to which they were confined. Five constables were to be elected by the people, one from each ward, who were to give satisfactory bonds for their Rochester, New York 55 proper delivery of such money as they might collect. The title of city marshal is a high-sounding one and in New England the office carries with it much dignity and power, but here the person filling it seems to have been only a sort of head constable, serving warrants issued by the city treasurer against delinquent collectors and also executing processes from the mayor's court. The office came to an end in 1850. With the creation of the city, some slight changes took place in our department, though the members of it were not for twenty years more to be known as policemen. We have seen that there was a night watch ever since 1819, the power of arrest during the daytime resting with the constables and with the trustees of the village. One might suppose that with the assumption of city life it would have been thought a matter of becoming dignity, if not a measure of safety, to have a day watch as well as the band of nocturnal guardians, if, indeed, there were more than one of them at that time. But there is no evidence that such was the case. At the meeting of the Common Council on July 17, 1834, the board, on motion of Ass't-Alderman Swan, appointed Newton Rose, Edwin Avery and William Wilbur as city watchmen, with the first-named as captain of the watch. The captain was empowered to procure three hats suitable for the use of the watchmen, and the watch were ordered, by vote of the board, to patrol the watch district of the city from ten o'clock at night to the succeeding daylight. So that all the transforma- tion that occurred consisted in the recognition as city officials of those who — or their predecessors — had been merely paid employees, besides which they were now to be equipped with head-covering at the expense of the government. At the same meeting of the council the city attorney was directed to draw an ordinance relating to watchmen, regulating their powers and duties, and the lamp and watch committee was directed to report a suitable section of the city for the location of a watch-house. This would seem to indicate that up to that time the jail, perhaps both the first and the second one, had been used for the nightly housing of all offenders, of those who were too much intoxicated to get home as well as those who had committed some serious 56 History of Police Department P o X n ft p o o p z o u w CO w « Rochester, New York 57 crime, for certainly they must all have been locked up some- where. The committee having reported, at the next meeting, in favor of the southwest corner of the basement of the court-house, that apartment was at once fitted up with the requisite number of cells, and for the next sixteen years all those who passed by on the much-frequented thoroughfare of South Fitzhugh street were saddened by the constant sight of the gratings and oftentimes by that of the vicious or mournful countenances behind the bars. It may be as well, even at the risk of some repetition, to note, in this place, the various changes of location both of the lock-up, or police cells, and of the police court room, which was also in the basement of the court-house until that structure was torn down in 1850 to make way for the new county building. The watch-house was then removed to an old stone structure on the southwest corner of West Main (then Buffalo) and Sophia streets, while the police court was taken across the street, to the present site of the Powers Hotel. It was not long, however, before both were transferred to the north wing of the old city market, on Front street, which up to that time had been used as an armory for the Union Grays and other militia companies. The cells were located in the basement, with the court-room above, and there both of them remained till 1873, when the ancient edifice was demolished, to make way for a new city building, in which both instrumentalities of municipal justice took up their location in 1874, having spent the intervening year on North Water street, near Mortimer. The stay in the new quarters was equally short-lived, for in 1875 they were moved into the new city hall, then just completed, where they remained till the erection of the central police station on Exchange street in 1895. Mayor Child would, in the ordinary course of events, have held office for a year and a half, the term after that being one year, it being the object of the charter-makers to have the beginning and end of the mayor's incumbency six months distant from those of the Common Council. All went smoothly enough for the first year, though there was a little friction over the granting of licenses by the council, which at that time acted as a board of excise. Mr. Child, 5 8 History of Police Department s o X H at P o a H % W Rochester, New York 5q who was one of the noblest of our citizens, was a strong temperance man, even perhaps an extremist, but he yielded to the will of the board, which was inclined to be careful and discriminating. But when a new council, which was elected in June of the following year, showed a disposition to open the doors a good deal wider, he felt that the situation had become intolerable to him. He therefore sent in a message in which he stated that the former board, although opposed to licensing in general, had given four licenses to grocers to sell ardent spirits because they supposed that a gradual reform on their part would meet the general sentiment better than a plenary refusal ; that on that occasion he had sacrificed his judgment to the desires of the majority, but that as an individual, both then and since, he had constantly objected to that measure and to every approach to it in the issuing of grocers' licenses. He then mentioned the fact that the new board had granted numerous licenses, and continued : " It becomes incumbent on me, in my official character, to sanction and sign these papers. I do not, gentlemen, impugn in any respect, directly or impliedly, your motives or judgment in acceding to these and similar applications, but I am constrained to act in accordance with my own solemn convictions of moral duty. When I find myself so situated in my official station as to be obliged either to violate these high obligations or to stand in opposition to the declared wishes of a large majority of the board, and through them of their constituents, my valued friends and fellow-citizens, I dare not retain the public station which exposes me to this unhappy dilemma. Under- these circumstances, it seems to me equally the claim of moral duty and self-respect, of a consistent regard to my former associates, of just deference to the present board, and of submission to the supposed will of the people, that I should no longer retain the responsible situation with which I have been honored. I therefore now most respectfully resign into your hands the office of mayor of the city of Rochester." A committee consisting of Aldermen Matthew Brown, H. I/. Stevens and Isaac R. Elwood, to which the matter was referred, presented a long report justifying the action of the board and arguing against the wisdom of the action of the mayor. The resignation was then accepted, apparently with- 6o History of Police Department out opposition, if not without regret, and the recorder, Isaac Hills, was authorised to sign licenses till a new mayor could be elected, which was done a week later, General Jacob Gould being chosen to fill the vacancy. There was no more trouble over the licenses. The morals of the community in other respects seem to have been looked after by the council during 1835, judging Monrob County Jaii, (" Blue Eagle" ) Built in /8j2, torn down in 18&5 from a resolution adopted on the 4th of August, requesting the police justice to communicate the reasons which induced him to discharge, without examination or trial, one Edwin Roe, who was arrested on a charge of gambling on a roulette table; the answer of the justice must have been flippant or evasive, because two weeks later it was declared unsatisfactory and he was required to make the report as requested ; this he seems to have done, for at a subsequent meeting he was exonerated from all censure. CHAPTER VII The Night Watch A Quiet City under Mayor Gould — Capt. Dana's Watch Book — Arrests Made by the Night Watch — Regulations for their Guidance — Their Duties — Lighting the Lamps — The Cry of the Watch — The Constables — Evolution of the Police Force Throughout the summer of 1835 the night watchmen were Francis Dana, captain (who died in 1872, at the age of seventy-five), William Wilbur and Jonathan Horton. The number was augmented by four in December, when Asa B. Hall, Calvin Cleveland, Charles Hudson and Addy W. Van Slyck were added to the list. In January, 1836, there seems to have been a still further increase, for, besides the foregoing, the names of Leonard M. Barton, Cornelius Campbell, Thomas Watson, Bartholomew Dodds, William Van Slyck, Robert A. Hall, Russell W. Goodrich, Matthew Lefnngwell and Joseph Harris appear on the records of the council as entitled to compensation for services at that time. The reason for this enlargement of the force, almost putting the establishment on a war footing, does not appear. It certainly could not have been owing to any recent disturbances, for General Gould, who had been re-elected mayor, said in his address on retiring from office at the close of the year : " Our city has been remarkably distinguished for peace and good order, and happily delivered from the fire that devours the property and from the pestilence that destroys the lives of our citizens. During the period of my office, nearly two years, I wish it to be remembered, as a most extraordinary and to me most gratifying fact, that with a population averaging 16,000 I have never been called upon to interfere, nor has there ever 02 History of Police Department been occasion to do so, for the suppression of riot, mob, tumult or even an ordinary case of assault. This fact speaks a most gratifying eulogy for our civil and religious institutions and for the intelligence and morality of the community in which we live." This was probably in allusion to riots that had occurred in several other cities of the northern states on various exciting subjects, principally that of abolition, which had just begun to stir the minds of the people. Murderers' Row The present site of Police Headquarters The number of the watch was soon brought back to seven, then still further reduced to five, but in the next year it seems to have averaged nine, the names of Kelly, Green, Montgomery, Brownell, Albro, Darrow, Van Vleck and McKibbin appearing on the list. I have before me a little book, intended for carrying in the pocket, kept by Francis Dana, who was captain of the watch during 1837 as well as 1835, in which he recorded the arrests made, most of them for intoxication, few for serious crimes, the items being such as these: "John Whaling, found beastly drunk near number 2 engine house," " Benjamin Simmons, a boy, taken before the police, charged with everything but honesty " — a rather vague accusation, it would seem — " Jane Doe, with a red face, found alone in the streets, gave no account of herself, Rochester, New York 6} taken before the police, charge disorderly, committed " — how the possession of a florid countenance constitutes in itself disorderly conduct doth not plainly appear. Sometimes the entry, though plain in its language, would be pathetic in its story, like this : " Fire was discovered by the watch between ten and eleven o'clock at night, which proved to be north of Brighton church, proved fatal to the father and child in the flames, said house was occupied by Mr. Demarest, who with his child of eight or nine years old lost his life." Sometimes, too, the incident would be complicated, as in this case: "Miss Cuthbert, found at Mr. David Little's boarding-house on State street, said Little's house was set on fire in two different places, and further Little said that some one of the inmates of his house had lost one silver dollar, said money was found in the possession of Miss C. Cuthbert in her bead bag, put in watch house before police, charged arson, committed." Why the retention of a coin in the recesses of her bead bag should afford presumptive evidence that she had set a house on fire, taxes the imagination. A set of ordinances or regulations was adopted by the Common Council, of which the following may prove of interest : " The city watch, or either of them, are hereby authorised to enter any disorderly or gaming house, and any dwelling-house, grocery or other building where they may have good reason to believe any felon is harbored or secreted, and where any person is who has during the night, and in their presence or hearing, committed any breach of the peace, or where any noise or alarm, outcry or disturbance shall be made, in like manner as constables and other peace officers are authorised by law, and not otherwise. In case of any riot or disorderly assembling of persons, the city watch shall have power to require the aid of any citizen in suppressing or preventing a breach of the peace or in arresting the offenders, and any person who shall refuse or neglect to assist the said watch, or either of them, when so required, shall pay a penalty of five dollars for each offense. No watchman shall absent himself from duty during the hours prescribed for the watch, or serve by substitute, without permission from the mayor and Common Council, under a penalty of ten o 4 History of Police Department Police Headquarters Rochester, New York 65 dollars. The watch shall wear the hats provided for them, while on duty. The captain of the watch is required to designate some one of the watchmen, from time to time, who shall perform the duties of captain in his absence. The captain of the watch and the watchmen shall, for the purpose of preserving the peace and good government of the city, obey all orders given for that purpose by the mayor, recorder or either of the aldermen or assistants, or any police justice [meaning, probably, any justice of the peace, for there was only one police justice] , on pain of removal from office. All persons apprehended by the watch during the cold and winter seasons shall be kept in some safe and comfortable place, without danger from the severity of the cold, and, as far as practicable, the sexes shall be kept apart." This last section would indicate that the lock-up, in the basement of the court- house, was not kept heated during the night. Far different from the present state of things was the appearance of the night watch, and their duties involved some customs that were more like those of colonial days than of our modern life. While the lamp-posts, scattered at intervals that would seem to us none too short, were stationary, the lamps themselves were not. Now, the watchmen had to light those cheerful beacons and to see that they were kept burning sufficiently to make the darkness visible, so at ten o'clock on moonless nights the whole force would start out, each man with a string of oil lamps on his arm, and place those shining luminaries on the proper posts, and then in the morning he would have to gather them in and take them back to the watch-house, where they were stored away till the next evening. The officers were expected to call out the hour while patrolling their respective districts, accompanying the temporal announcement with remarks about the weather — " Twelve o'clock and all's well," or " Two o'clock and a starry night," all of which might be comforting to the sleeper who was awakened, but when it came to such tidings as these, " Three o'clock and a frosty morning " or " Four o'clock ; it snows and it blows," the listener would turn over in bed and address himself again to sleep, with the conviction that he was better off where he was. 5 History of Police Department W M Mi IT — ; i il f" n^ • • • V «$*-* $ mm ■- ' R-r • ;*. 9- &&■'■* hi w a « 533-33 P a id for rent during construction and enough incidental expenses to make, altogether, a bill of $881,560.86 that the county had to pay. The large and ornamental building for police headquarters, standing on Exchange street, nearly opposite the jail, was begun in June, 1894, and completed in that month of 1895 ; it cost, exclusive of the land on which it stands, sixty-five thousand dollars ; Herbert W. Pierce was the architect,. Stallman Brothers were the general contractors. The basement is devoted to the boiler room and cellars ; on the first floor are the captain's offices, the assembly room, with lockers, and the lock-up for males, with twenty-two cells ; the second floor contains offices for the chief of police and the director of the detective bureau, the police court room, with rooms for the judge and the clerk, and also a room for the detectives, with the " rogues' gallery ;" on the third floor are the living apartments for the matron, rooms for the detention of witnesses and the lock-up for females, with thirteen cells ;. the fourth floor is given up to the police patrol operators, the gymnasium and the bath-room ; the barn and the stable for the police patrol are in the' rear of the building. On the 26th of May Dominick Kearns was killed in Kervin's saloon near the Rapids, by Egbert H. Chatfield, in a quarrel over the A. P. A. ; Chatfield was tried in February, 1896, and was acquitted on the ground of self-defense, the jury being out six hours and taking nine ballots. Early in 1896 John F. Dorthy, a lawyer of considerable practice, began a career which bore many points of resemblance to that of Charles Young, in that it kept him constantly before the courts for several years, only he did not come so much into collision with the police, for his crimes were marked by craft, rather than violence. He got into the habit of appropriating to his own use money entrusted to him by his clients and of cheating people, including his mother- in-law, by means of forged mortgages. His crookedness ■58 History of Police Department having been well established, he was disbarred from professional practice in June of that year and expelled from membership in the Second Baptist church in September. Indictments innumerable were found against him, he was tried repeatedly, convicted almost as often and sentenced to state prison over and over again, but he kept out of it for more than four years, fighting the case with appeals and stays Addie deStaebler Matron and injunctions and other legal tricks. At last, on a sentence of three years and five months, for keeping two hundred and fifty dollars sent to him by a client to make a settlement, he was, on the 8th of January, 1901, actually taken to Auburn, and there he is now. On the 1st of March. Alexander McLean died. He was born in Caledonia, Livingston county, in May, 1818 ; was a member of the old police force in 1863 and eleven years later was appointed chief, to succeed Samuel M. Sherman, holding that position till 1885, when he resio-ned ■ he was a person of much native shrewdness and of great kind- ness of heart, with all which he was one of the most strict Rochester, New York [59 disciplinarians that the department ever possessed. In May Vincent Marquetta was tried for the murder of James Quetta — both Sicilians — convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to ten years at Auburn. On September 1 22 the courts decided, in a case instituted by the Rochester Whist club, that social clubs must take out licenses. Robert Watt murdered his brother Andrew, September 24, by stabbing him in an altercation at the Brown street railroad crossing ; convicted of manslaughter in the first degree and sentenced to nineteen years. In April, 1897, the legislature passed a law of much importance, creating the office of commissioner of jurors for Monroe county. Martin W. Cooke, an eminent lawyer of this city, was appointed to the position on May 8 and held the office at the time of his death, February 23, 1898, when he was succeeded by John M. Steele, the present incumbent. The benefit of this law to the county is very great. It secures a far better set of men to serve on the juries than ever before, for, by the examination to which he subjects them, the commissioner excludes thousands of persons who were formerly on the list, while at the same time he brings into it many who could show no reason but their own inclination for being off the roll, so that the number of those eligible is now between five and six thousand. Besides that, the law saves to the county about twelve thousand dollars annually, for the total expense of the jury system for the year ending with October of 1902 was $22,975, as against $34,377.20 for the year before the law went into operation. Two mysterious murders marked the year 1897. The first occurred on the night of May 12, when William H. Peart was killed by some unknown person. Suspicion pointed strongly toward two or three different people, but there was not sufficient evidence for an indictment, still less for a conviction. Nearly five years afterward the widow of William J. Stokes informed the police that her husband, who had died recently, had informed her, some time before his death, that he had done the deed in the course of a quarrel. The other tragedy took place in Churchville. Of a house in that village on the night of September 8 the occupants were 100 History of Police Department Plioto by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Assigned to Special Duty Rochester, New York 161 George A. Smith, aged seventy years, and his wife, together with Grant Walker, who was Mrs. Smith's nephew, and Mary New, a nurse taking care of Walker, who was sick. Early in the morning Miss New wag awakened by hearing groans, and going down stairs she found Smith lying on the floor, bound and gagged, with his legs tied to the dining-room table. To the neighbors who were at once called in Smith said that two burglars had entered the house while he was sleeping, had shot his wife, had dragged him from bed, had tied him as he was found and had escaped through a window. Mrs. Smith was found in her bed-room, with a bullet wound in her head, from which she died a few days later. In spite of the fact that she said that she did not know who shot her, and her refusal to- the last to incriminate her husband, his story was generally disbelieved and few doubted that he deliberately murdered his wife. He was arraigned in the following June, but one of the jurors fell sick after the trial had begun, so it had to be deferred till September. It then lasted for six weeks, at the end of which time Smith was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Execution was stayed by carrying the case to the Court of Appeals, which ordered a new trial on the ground that it was an error to admit Mrs. Smith's statements as to the crime. For various reasons there was delay in fixing the time for the re-trial of the case, and in the meantime Smith had to spend more than four years in the death cell at Auburn. When at last he was arraigned again, on January 19 of this year, eleven witnesses at the former trial had died, eight of them for the prosecution, and others were missing, but in spite of that he was again convicted and again sentenced to the electric chair ; an appeal was taken, of course, and his fate will not be positively decided till after the publication of this volume. Frederick Zimmer, an ex-police commissioner, fell from the window of his office on the corner of West Main and Exchange streets, and, striking his head on the pavement below, was instantly killed, January 4, 1898. Charles W. Briggs, mayor of the city in 1871 and thereby president of the board of police commissioners, died on the 18th of May, 1899. In the summer of the last-named year Joseph I 62 History of Police Department Rochester, New York 163 Lombardo, who kept a small fruit stand on North avenue, was killed by Joseph Alessi in a quarrel over a small debt that was owed by the latter ; manslaughter in the second degree ; Auburn, twelve years and four months at hard labor. William Berl, a boy sixteen years old, killed Frank Peglau, October 1, at a social party ; he was convicted of manslaughter, second degree, and got off with a fine of five hundred dollars, which was paid. Police Patrol Sergeant Robert B. Swanton died October 8, 1899, after a long illness. He went on the police force September 9, 1887, being one of the few who have received their appointment from the Common Council. Beginning as the driver of the ambulance and then of the patrol wagon, he was soon made a sergeant, some years later was promoted to the staff of detectives and afterward became a sergeant again ; a faithful officer in all the positions that he held. 104 History of Police Department WILLIAM E. O'BRIEN Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen CHAPTER XIV Under the White Charter Police Provisions of the Charter — Ordinances of the Common Council — The First Commissioner of Public Safety — James D. Casey Succeeds James G. Cutler — George A. Gilman Appointed Commissioner — A Record of Crime — The Keat- ing Murder — The Orphan Asylum Fire — The Brown Murder — The Hickey Murder — The Ethel Dingle Tragedy — The McFarlane Mur- der — The Coal Famine — Statistics for the Past Year For many years before this the need of a complete revision of the charter of Rochester had been felt, and many efforts had been made in that direction, much labor being expended, under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce and other organisations, by public-spirited individuals, in drafting amendments or completely new documents, to take the place of the old charter. Nothing came of it, however, till 1898, when the legislature passed a law called, officially, "the charter of cities of the second class," though it is commonly known as the " White charter," from the name of the state senator whose persistent advocacy secured the adoption of the measure. It is uniform in its application to four cities of the state — Rochester, Syracuse, Albany and Troy— in all of which the next city election after the passage of the act was to be held under its provisions. That made the election of 1899 i n Rochester to conform to it, and all the city officers then chosen, as well as all their appointees, went into office on the first of January following, instead of on the first of April, as was formerly the custom. The act is a very voluminous instrument, containing originally four 1 66 History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York [67 hundred and ninety-five sections, seventy-seven of which were afterward repealed and several others amended. Nineteen sections relate to the police department — or, rather, sub- department or bureau, for the department of Public Safety was created, of which the police constitute one branch, while the other divisions are those of fire and the public health — the main provisions of which are as follows : The mayor is to appoint a commissioner of Public Safety, to hold office for two years unless sooner removed by the mayor, who shall have charge of the police department; shall appoint, when a vacancy occurs, a chief of police, to hold office during good behavior or until he becomes permanently incapacitated, and such other subordinates to hold office during his pleasure as may be prescribed by the board of estimate and apportionment ; shall also appoint a clerk to attend at the office and keep all the records and papers relating to the department ; shall also keep a record of all his official acts ; shall also make rules for the government of the police force, and shall appoint, as vacancies in the force occur, or as the ordinances of the Common Council may require, all the members of the force and distribute them into grades to conform to such ordinances. The mayor is empowered to control and direct the department for the purpose of carrying out the laws of the state, and in case of riot or insurrection he may take command of the whole police force. The Common Council has power, at all times, to determine the number of members of the department and the classes or grades into which they shall be divided and to make any ordinances for their government. The other sections relate to the powers and duties of the policemen; they must be appointed in pursuance of the civil service laws, they must not solicit votes or be delegates to political conventions ; they are not liable to military or jury duty or to arrest on civil process, and in cases of charges against them, which must be made in writing, they are to be tried by the commissioner, all trials being open to the public. George A. Carnahan was elected mayor in November, 1899, and on New Year's day following he announced his appointments, among them that of James G. Cutler to be commissioner of Public Safety. On the 30th of January the i6S History of Police Department V^EREM/AM.J.SULLIMN. Photo by J, W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 169 Common Council adopted a set of police ordinances, of which the most important were the following : Five police precincts were to be established, with a station in each of them ; the department was to consist of one chief of police, five captains, five lieutenants, eight detective sergeants, four sergeants in the police patrol bureau, ten sergeants, one hundred and fifty-five patrolmen, five doormen, four drivers and three turnkeys ; the patrolmen were divided into four grades, according to their terms of service ; a detective bureau was established, the police patrol service and the police telegraph and telephone service being also made bureaus in the department ; the commissioner was empowered, whenever the good of the service demanded it, to appoint an extra ■captain, who should be the director of the detective bureau. Under this last provision, John C. Hayden, who had previously been chief of detectives, was appointed in March, 1900, with the rank and title above mentioned. On April 12 the council accepted an act passed by the legislature, consolidating the park police with the city police and making it the duty of the commissioner of Public Safety to provide police protection for the parks. Commissioner Cutler, at the beginning of the year, appointed George A.Gilnian clerk ; in February Dr. John A. -Stapleton was appointed police surgeon, and all members of the force were ordered to report to him for physical examination ; in March officer O'Loughlin was re-assigned to the detective bureau ; in April a school of instruction was established, in which the members of the force, divided into three classes of about sixty each, were instructed regularly by James L. Whitley, of the corporation counsel's office, as to their powers and duties ; this was found to be advantageous, and, although intermitted of late, the school will shortly be resumed. In May five precincts were established, the station of the first or central precinct being at police headquarters on Exchange street ; the second on South avenue, near Gregory street ; the third on University avenue, opposite Oxford street; the fourth on Clinton avenue north, near Kelly street ; the fifth on L/yell avenue, corner of Moore street ; the last-named has been changed this year from its original location to old I 70 History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York number six school-house, on the corner of Lyell avenue and Frank street, running through to White street, making it the most commodious and best-equipped station in the city. In June Lieutenants Herman Russ and Michael J. Zimmerman were promoted to be captains, and officers Monaghan, Cummings, Klubertanz, McAlester, Stein, Shepard, Sherwood, Mehle, O'Grady and Klein were advanced to the grade of sergeant. On August 14 Commissioner Cutler sent a letter to the mayor, tendering his resignation, to take effect September 1. This was accepted and James D. Casey was appointed commissioner. One of his first official acts was to appoint Dr. Richard C. Cartwright police surgeon, in place of Dr. Stapleton, retired. In November detectives McDonald, O'Brien, Bauer, Dynch, Muldoon, Maguire, Dong and Kavanagh were appointed detective sergeants. At the election of November, 1901, Adolph J. Rodenbeck was chosen mayor, and he appointed George A. Gilman, who had been clerk of the department for the previous two years, to be commissioner of Public Safety. Mr. Gilman named C. Alonzo Simmons as clerk, and a little later re-appointed Dr. Stapleton to the position of police surgeon. In January Captain M. J. Zimmerman was transferred to precinct number one and became acting inspector of police and, in the absence or disability of the chief, was given the powers and duties of chief of police. He is still in this position. In May the Common Council passed an ordinance abolishing the grade of detective sergeant, the result of which was that all the officers holding that title were reduced to the rank of patrolman. A little later the commissioner appointed officers O'Doughlin, Bauer, Nagle, Barnett, Maguire, Whaley, Scanlan and McDonald as detectives. On the 10th of May an innovation was made by the appointment of four mounted policemen, to do duty on the outskirts of the city ; the experiment has proven very satisfactory. In August Sergeants Klubertanz and Stein were promoted to the grade of lieutenants, and officer Charles C. Alt to the rank of sergeant; in January, 1903, officer McGuire was made a sergeant. In that month the Common Council passed an History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 173 ordinance making a new grading of patrolmen, so that an officer now receives the full pay of seventy-five dollars a month after serving three years from the date of his regular appointment, instead of having, as formerly, to wait for five years. A few pages will fill up the story of crime and death from our last record to the present day. On the 10th of January, 1900, four prisoners at the jail overpowered the guard and escaped. Two of the fugitives were soon recaptured, one of whom, Clarence Egnor, who had been arrested in the previous December for burglary and grand larceny, was sentenced to Auburn for five years, not for those crimes but for jail-breaking and for lying to the judge about his record. He had not been long in- prison before he assaulted one of the keepers, Archie W. Benedict, striking him on the head with an iron bar and stunning him, whereupon Egnor took the revolver from the officer's pocket and deliberately shot him dead ; the murderer was executed a month later. In March Frederick Slintz killed Pasquale Patrona at Maplewood, a station on the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg railroad ; manslaughter in the first degree, twenty years at Auburn. In April, Frederick Heberger was sent to prison for ten years for a brutal assault upon the little daughter of Patrolman Greve. There were several suicides during the year, but the only one worth mentioning was that of Louis Kircher, a magnetic healer, who, on the 20th of April, enticed Mrs. Marling, a widow, to his apartments and then, maddened by her refusal to marry him, fired two shots at her and pounded her with the revolver till he supposed she was dead ; the next day he threw himself into the river. On the 5th of May Captain Hayden received a telegram authorising him to arrest C. F. W. Neeley, who was supposed to be on his way westward, to join his family in California ; Neeley was the treasurer of the postal service of Cuba and was accused of embezzling thirty-six thousand dollars of government funds at Havana ; he was arrested at the New York Central station and a large proportion of the money was found in his trunk ; the United States chief post-office inspector came on the next day and took him to '74 History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 175 New York, where he was bailed in twenty thousand dollars ; in July Hayden went down there as a witness in the preliminary examination, and a short time afterward to testify in the trial at Havana ; Neeley was convicted and sentenced to a long term of imprisonment, as was also his confederate, Rathbone, the director of the postal service. On the morning of November 21, behind a high bill board on Nortli Union street, the body of Theresa Keating was found. As time passed, and days and weeks went on, a general interest was aroused by the failure to discover the perpetrator of the brutal crime. Over sixty persons were brought to the office of the chief of police and examined by an assistant district-attorney, without eliciting any information, and two suspected persons underwent a police court examination, but both were discharged, as nothing could be proved against them ; one of them, Hobart Fuller of Toronto, left the city and the country immediately and joined the English ,army in South Africa. A mysterious stranger was seen in the vicinity of the murder early in the morning after its occurrence, and a full description of him, as well of the crime itself, was sent to the police departments of one hundred and fifty cities in the United States and Canada, but the man,' though some trace of him was found, was never caught. Officer Charles W. Struble died January 29, officer Daniel J. Leary February 20, and officer Robert J. White November 17. The record for 1901 opens with an appalling calamity. On the night of January 8 fire broke out in the Rochester orphan asylum, in Hubbell park, in which thirty-one children lost their lives, either by the flames or by suffocation ; the police were early on the scene and did good work in rescuing many little ones who would otherwise have perished. The lawyers had a hard time of it this year. Leslie E. Hulbert, a graduate of Cornell and admitted to the bar in 1895, seems to have practised his profession principally, if not solely, for the purpose of running a divorce mill, by means of an elaborate system of perjury. He was quite successful for a number of years in separating those whom the law, if not God, had joined together, but at last an indictment was found against him and others in March, 1901, I 70 History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 177 and he fled the city at once. James Courtney, one of his tools, was easily convicted in April and given an indeterminate sentence at Auburn, but no trace could be found of Hulbert till November of the following year, when he was heard of at El Paso, Texas, and Sheriff Ford, with officer Muir, went down thereafter him. They could not get him, because he was wanted there to pay the penalty for extensive insurance frauds, and furthermore, when Texas got through with him, if uot before, the Mexican government wanted him, and had already filed extradition papers with the secretary of state for that purpose, on the charge that Hulbert had murdered his own brother-in-law at Chihuahua to get the insurance on his life. So that a blank wall, an open grave and a file of riflemen are awaiting Leslie Hulbert, rather than a return to Rochester. Wilber C. Monroe, another lawyer, was sSnt to the penitentiary in August for robbing a client of twenty-five dollars. On the 19th of February Dominico Campani shot and killed Francesco De Carlo, who had dunned him for a debt of eighty cents ; murder in the second degree ; Auburn fifteen years. After the Romans came the turn of the Greeks. On the 19th of April George Hoompavis was slaughtered in the same manner by Peter Panaretes, another Spartan, in the Olympian confectionery store near the Four Corners, in a quarrel over a woman ; manslaughter, second degree ; fifteen years. In May Edwin P. Hickey, indicted for smuggling tobacco, pleaded guilty and was fined four thousand dollars. In that month a strike of machinists, metal workers and street laborers was inaugurated, which spread quickly to all union members of building trades ; in June the contractors were obliged to ask for police protection from striking workmen ; on the 26th of that month a party of strikers tried to enter the power house of the street car company to wreak vengeance on a number of laborers who had gathered there ; a squad of policemen withstood them and were attacked by the strikers, Sergeant Golding and twelve of the officers, as well as several strikers, being injured ; on the 3d of July the contractors on the public improvements were ordered by the authorities to resume work at once ; they tried to do so the next day, but a large body of imported laborers were won ■78 History of Police Departmen- P.ioto by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochestes, New Yosk 17c) over by the strikers ; the affair was finally settled by a compromise. A sensation greater than usual was caused by a crime committed on the afternoon of October 15. Three young men, named Joseph Sharpe, Frank McMahon and Frank McLaughlin, went to the house of Mrs. Louisa French, on Scio street, and obtained admission on the plea that they were inspectors from the gas company. Once inside they attacked Mrs. French and her sister Mrs. Alice Gardiner, both elderly women, and beat them so savagely that they left them for dead, after which the marauders proceeded to rob the house of some three thousand dollars' worth of jewelry and clothing. McLaughlin was arrested in this city three days later ; the other two got out of town but they were traced to Michigan, so Director Hayden went out there and arrested Sharpe in a lumber camp ; McMahon was arrested in that state two months later and brought back by Sergeant McDonald. All were convicted and sent to Auburn, Sharpe for thirteen years, McMahon and McLaughlin for nine years each. For some months the jewels seemed to be hopelessly lost, but they finally turned up in the possession of Frank S. Wood, a traveling salesman, who had received them from George M. Williams, a criminal lawyer who had been the attorney for the robbers. Wood was sent to prison on an indeterminate sentence, and Williams, having disappeared, has been practically an outlaw ever since. In December the chiefs of police of the different cities formed a state organisation, of which Chief Cleary was chosen president and was re-elected a year later. Of the suicides of 1 901, two may be mentioned, those of William Long, who, on July 26, took his own life after shooting his wife at the Sea Breeze, and of George Baker, a former street car conductor, who, on December 19, shot his wife, seriously wounding her, because she refused to live with him, and then killed himself, on Main street. At the beginning of the year William S. Fickett, an old-time detective, died at the soldiers' sanitarium at Fort Bayard, New Mexico. He was a native of Portland, Maine, and came to this city when a boy in 1835, the family driving the whole distance in a i So History of Police Department Photo by J. W: Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 181 sleigh. Having become a member of the old Light Guards he enlisted under Captain Caleb Wilder at the outbreak of the Mexican war and served till the close of hostilities. In 1858 he was appointed on the old police force and was soon made a detective, holding that position till his voluntary retirement. He was a person of great inventive genius and took out many practical patents, though others profited by them rather than himself. It is interesting to note the continuity of military service in his family,- his grandfather having been in the Revolutionary war, his father in that of 1812, he himself in the Mexican and his younger brother Frank in the Civil war. Cornelius R. Parsons died on the 30th of January ; he was mayor for fourteen years, from 1876 to 1890, and during all that time was president of the board of police commissioners. Thomas Dukelow, one of the oldest and most respected members of the force, died February 19, at the age of sixty years; he was appointed a policeman in 1866 and was made a detective in 1892 ; he retired from the service some time ago, having been stricken with paralysis three years before his death. Officer William H. Bitner died February 21. Detective Sergeant Charles J. Muldoon died May 12. In 1902, on the 19th of January, Bela E. Brown, a respected citizen, was sitting in his jewelry shop on the second floor at the corner of State and Corinthian streets. It was Sunday afternoon, about five o'clock, and the door was undoubtedly locked, but some one managed to get in under some pretense, seize Mr. Brown, gag him effectually, drag him to the safe, set. him down in a chair before it and tell him to open the iron door. Such, at least, is the inference, and it is equally evident that Mr. Brown refused to comply with the order and that the robber then beat him to death with a jeweler's hammer taken from the workshop in the rear — doing that perhaps- in a frenzy of exasperation, perhaps as the only means of safety from subsequent exposure. That was the story told by the dead and mutilated body of the old jeweler, when it was found in the position described only two hours later, by a watchman who came to the shop. The entire detective force was put upon the case at once and everything History of Police Department Photo by J, W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 183 was done that skill and experience could suggest, but the murderer had enough of a start to get out of the city or to hide himself so effectually that he has not been caught, from that day to this. On the 1st of July Charles Van Zandt, a boy of fifteen, shot and killed George Krautwurst, another employee in the same pie bakery ; arrested for murder in the first degree and held for manslaughter but never indicted, the grand jury being satisfied that it was a case of self-defense. Two days later Fred Mclaughlin and Jack Calihan held up Frederick Taylor on Vincent place bridge and robbed him of seventy- five cents ; both were sent to Auburn for ten years ; Calihan had not been out of prison very long, having been sent there for ten years in 1890 for assaulting and robbing Martin Barron. On the night of August 19 George Hickey was stabbed to death, on Brooks avenue, by a miserable tramp known as " Toronto Slim ; " William Seeley, who had witnessed the commission of the act, was arrested and kept in jail for some time but afterward discharged ; finally the police got hold of Joseph (known as " Shorty ") McCabe, who was supposed to be implicated in the affair ; he had run off to Europe but while there had changed his mind and, according to his own story, traveled four thousand miles to give himself up ; having returned to this country, he was arrested at Utica and brought to this city, where he is held on the charge of helping the murderer to escape. Then came the Ethel Dingle tragedy. Eeland Dorr Kent, a Buffalo medical student, came to Rochester in company with Miss Dingle, a professional nurse, on the 14th of September, and took a room at the Whitcomb House, registering as " L. B. Kent and wife." The next morning groans were heard issuing from the room occupied by the couple, and, on the door being forced open, the girl was found dead on the bed, while Kent lay beside the corpse, with a slight cut in the neck, from which he recovered at the hospital a few days later. Later he was indicted for manslaughter in the first degree, on four counts, charging him generally with aiding, abetting and assisting Miss Dingle to commit suicide. On the trial of his case he was convicted i &l History of Police Department Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen Rochester, New York 185 and sentenced to hard labor in Auburn prison for a period of twenty years. On September 26 Judson M. Risley, convinced of his wife's infidelity, shot and killed her, and then himself, at their home on King street. Late in October Myrtle Bradley, fifteen years old, was enticed or abducted from her home on Broadway and taken to the rooms of Mrs. Dora Earl on the corner of Clinton and Monroe avenues, where she was harbored, if not forcibly detained, for evil purposes ; the woman was convicted and given a sentence of not less than a year and a half at Auburn. During the autumn a band of Gypsies was encamped at the driving park. A number of idle and mischievous youths, living in the neighborhood, had been in the habit of annoying and molesting the strangers for some time, and on the night of November 10 they made a concerted attack on the camp, bombarding it with stones and firing revolvers into the tents. Stephen Ivanovitch (or Steve Adam) one of the Gypsies, returned the fusillade in the darkness with a shot from a rifle, killing one of the mob named Raymond Banks, aged eighteen. Stephen was arrested but was exonerated by the coroner and discharged by Police Justice Chadsey, it being considered that the act was done in self-defense. The last homicide that we have to record took place in the bright sunlight of the morning of November 18, when Lulu Miller Youngs, aged twenty-eight, the wife of Frank E. Youngs, killed Florence McFarlane, aged twenty-two. Brooding over the belief that her husband had transferred his affections to Miss McFarlane and maddened by jealousy, she went to the boarding-house of the latter, on Court street, and after a short struggle, in which the victim sought to escape, a long, sharp blade was thrust into the girl's bosom, and death soon followed. Mrs. Youngs was arrested within an hour, was afterward indicted by the grand jury for murder in the first degree and was arraigned on the 17th of February, when she pleaded not guilty. Few who were adults at the time will forget the coal famine in the closing months of this year, as the result of the prolonged strike in the anthracite fields ; when at last the black fuel was released, the supply was so inadequate to the demand that for some time the police had to guard the coal 1 8o History of Police Department cars as they stood on the trestles, to prevent wholesale pilfer- ing, and in the early morning hours before the dawn officers were stationed at the yards of the coal roads to regulate the loading of the waiting wagons ; on at least one Sunday, that Photo by J. W. Taylor Patrolmen of December 14, the unusual sight was witnessed of many teams of the dealers struggling through the deep snow on what was a genuine errand of mercy, to deliver the much- needed commodity. In November Pickart's hardware store Rochester, New York 187 was burglarised, a great quantity of cutlery being taken, much of which was afterward recovered, and on the very last day of the year the shop of J. C. Sage, in the same line, was robbed, the interesting point in the latter case being the fact that it was the third time within two years that the place had been entered. The reports of the two coroners, Kleindienst and Killip, run from November 1, 1901, to the same date in 1902, so that the exact number of suicides for the latter year cannot be given, but the whole number in the county during the term mentioned was forty-two, shooting being the method employed in thirteen of the cases. No deaths occurred among the active members of the force during 1902. John C. McQuatters died October 25, at the age of sixty-one ; he had been appointed in September, 1870, and had served until two years ago, when he retired on account of ill health. Patrick J. Cummings, police sergeant of the fourth precinct, died January 10, 1903 ; he became a member of the department in 1 88 1 and was made a sergeant nearly three years ago ; a faithful officer, both on the police force and in the army, where he served during the Civil war. Commissioner Gilman, in his annual report, gives some interesting statistics showing the work performed by the police during the past year and the efficiency that was generally displayed. The territory that had to be covered embraced over eleven thousand acres, some eighteen and one- third square miles, with more than three hundred miles of streets. There were 5,117 arrests made, as against 2,480 for the previous year, nearly one-half of them being in the first, or down-town, precinct ; there were nearly three thousand runs by patrol wagons ; the estimated value of lost or stolen property recovered by uniformed officers was$io,i50, recovered by the detective bureau $18,451.45 — all that apart from the number of bicycles found or recovered, which was four hundred and fifty-four, with a value of $9,080, considerably more than half, in number and value, of those reported as lost or stolen; over twenty-five thousand special services that did not concern crime, as in the case of lost children, still alarms, etc., were performed by the police during that term. The cost of running the department was a trifle over two History of Police Department hundred thousand dollars. Police Justice Chadsey's report shows that the amount of fines collected and used for the support of his court was $4,294.65, considerably more than his four thousand dollars of salary. The report of District- Attorney Warren shows that, out of one hundred and ninety-six cases in his hands, ninety-five convictions were obtained. Photo, by J. W. Taylor Operators of the Bureau of Powce Telegraph-System CHAPTER XV The Present Day The Departmental Staff — The Civil Service Require- ments — The Pension Fund — The Police Benevo- lent Association — The Police Telegraph System — The Bertillon System of Measurement — The Card System — Records at Headquarters — The Police Bulletin— The Book of Rules This record closes on the ist of May, 1903. George A. Gilman is the commissioner of Public Safety, and his departmental staff consists of C. Alonzo Simmons, chief clerk ; J. W. Hertel, bookkeeper ; Cora M. Emeus, stenographer ; John A. Stapleton, department surgeon. The police force numbers one hundred and ninety-three, the names of the members being found elsewhere. As has been indicated in the preceding pages, the police department is now under the civil service rules, and all applicants for appointment, except for the position of matron, must have the following special qualifications, viz., they must be citizens of the United States and have been residents of Rochester at least two years prior to the date of their application ; they must be not less than twenty-one and not more than thirty years of age ; they must be not less than five feet nine inches in height and their weight and chest measurements must conform to their height ; they must, before being admitted to examination, be certified by the surgeon of the department as free from any physical defect, and they must not have been engaged or interested in the sale of, or traffic in, intoxicating liquors within three years next prior to their application. There is a police pension fund, which is in the custody of the comptroller of the city. This fund is raised by an IQO History of Police Department assessment of two per cent, on the salaries of the members of the police force, besides which the city gives three thousand dollars a year and to that are added all fines on officers and various licenses. The amount thus obtained is scarcely sufficient for the purpose, as there are nearly thirty persons now on the pension roll — consisting of some retired officers and the widows of others — whose annual stipends derived Police Patrol Wagons from this source range from two hundred and fifty to six hundred dollars, so that over ten thousand dollars is paid out every year in this way. Of a similar nature, though wholly disconnected with this, is the Rochester Police Benevolent association, which was organised in 1875 by members of the department, with Chief McLean as president and Captain P. H. Sullivan as secretary and treasurer. It is really for the purpose of life insurance, the beneficiary being the widow or next of kin to a deceased member, to whom is paid the amount realised from Rochester, New York igi an assessment of three dollars on each member, payable within thirty days after notice of the death of an associate. Since the organisation of the association sixty-one members have died and the total amount thus disbursed is about twenty-six thousand dollars, six hundred and nine dollars being the largest sum paid at any one time. The present membership is one hundred and eighty-nine. Chief McLean remained in the presidency till his retirement from the department, Chief Cleary, who now holds the position, being his successor. Captain Sullivan was the secretary and treasurer until his death, Captain William Keith succeeded him, and, when he died, Captain John E. McDermott was elected to the position, which he now holds. An important adjunct to the department is the police telegraph system. This was established in 1886, Rochester being the first city in the state to adopt it. It started with thirty stations on the streets, others being added from time to time, so that now there are fifty-six police telegraph stations. For several years everything was above ground, but now there are fifteen miles of subterranean lead-covered cable, in addition to seventy-eight miles of aerial copper wire. The office also operates a duplicate telephone system, consisting of two separate telephone switchboards in direct connection with fire headquarters and all the companies of that depart- ment, as well as three trunk lines on each switchboard connecting with the exchanges of the Rochester and Bell telephone companies. Over two years ago a central energy telephone was established on all of the police telegraph circuits, which is in successful operation; it dispenses with the individual batteries in the patrol boxes and the maintenance of additional circuits for those boxes, making a much more reliable service than formerly, with direct telephone communication from each of the boxes on the streets with police headquarters, the precinct stations and the fire department. So far as known, Rochester was the first city in the United States to have this central energy telephone feature, which was invented by Superintendent Miller, successfully applied to the police telegraph system. The calls of all kinds run through every hour of the day and IQ2 History of Police Department City Hau, Rochester, New York 193 night, and some idea of the work performed may be gained from the fact that during the past year the calls averaged over one thousand for every twenty-four hours. It may be mentioned that the ambulance service is no longer in charge of the police and has not been so since 1896, when the city ambulance was turned over to the City hospital and shortly afterward the other hospitals obtained their own vehicles. But one thing should be borne in mind by the reader, that, in case of an accident, the by-stander should, instead of calling up some particular hospital, ring up number thirty-four and state where the injured person then is, whereupon the operator at police headquarters will immediately telephone for the right ambulance (the city being divided into sections for that purpose) and the party will be taken at once to the desired hospital. The police telegraph system cost twelve thousand dollars at the outset, since when there has been expended some thirty thousand dollars, including two patrol wagons and six horses, with twenty-five hundred paid for a new switchboard eight years ago. The superintendent is Louis W. Miller, who went into the office when Charles R. Barnes took charge of it in 1886 ; he was made electrician in 1893 and promoted to his present position on the retirement of Mr. Barnes in 1898. Under him are four operators — Henry W. Martin, Joseph B. Smith, Thomas Swanton and William H. Karnes. The commissioner of Public Safety has recently installed the Bertillon system of measurements for criminals. This has been used successfully in most of the large cities of the United States and Europe and has been accepted generally by police authorities as the only accurate method of making criminal records. It is a remarkable step in the development of a new form of applied science, which has for its object the description of a human being in a manner so complete and certain that he can by no possibility be permanently confused with any other. Such a description is called "signalment," the process of making it is "signalising," and the art of measurement is " signaletic." The system is so little under- stood that a word in regard to it may not be out of place. The inventor is Dr. Alphonse Bertillon, a prominent anthropologist 13 1 94 History of Police Department who in 1882 was made chief of the identification bureau established in connection with the prefecture of police in Paris. Since that time his system has become universally recognised. It is divided into three parts — the " anthropo- metrical signalment," which measures the characteristic dimensions of the bony structure of the body ; a " descriptive signalment," which is the observation of bodily shape and movements, and a signalment by " peculiar marks." The use of the Bertillon system rests upon three established facts — first : the almost absolute immutability of the human frame after the twentieth year of age ; second, the extreme diversity whicli the human skeleton presents when compared with different subjects ; third, the ease with which certain dimensions of the skeleton may be measured. The system is feared by the criminal classes. The Bertillon instruments purchased by this department include all the most recent improvements, and it is expected that henceforth a complete record will be made of criminals as arrested, which will include measurements and photographs. During the past year there has been installed at the police headquarters a card system for recording the work of the department. Cards of three colors are used. Whenever an arrest is made in any of the police precincts a record is made on an " arrest card " showing, first, the officer who made the arrest, the person arrested and the offense committed. A duplicate record is made upon an " offenders' card " which shows, first, the name of the person arrested, with the officer making the arrest, the offense and the disposition of the case in court. These two cards thus index the same arrest and corroborate each other. Whenever services are performed by the department other than arrests, a record is made upon a card entitled "miscellaneous reports." All cards are daily collected at police headquarters, precinct number one, and there properly indexed, a complete duplicate set being sent to the commissioner. In connection with the card system- each precinct keeps a record of its work, which is entered monthly from the cards upon a printed table furnished by the. chief of police. This system enables the chief to ascertain at any time the exact record of the work of the department Rochester, New York 195 as a whole or of any particular officer as to arrests or as to the record of any person charged with crime. In addition to the card system, the following records are kept at police headquarters, viz., first, a " warrant book," in which is recorded the name and address of all defendants arrested upon warrants, together with the charge, the officer to whom the warrant was delivered, its date, when returned or withdrawn, the name and address of the complainant and remarks ; second, a " bicycle book," giving the date, time, name of owner, and full particulars of all lost or stolen bicycles ; third, a " police record book," which is transcribed from a book kept by the turnkey and showing the time, place of arrest, name of complainant and name of every person brought to police headquarters, with the disposition of the case ; fourth, a " pedigree book," giving the names of all persons arrested for crime within the city of Rochester, with the occupation and nativity of the person arrested and a record of the disposition £>f the case. In addition to these permanent records, the captain of precinct number one has on file a complete record of noted criminals wanted, as published in The Detective from 1896 to date. The department also issues daily a so-called police bulletin which is distributed to every member of the department and includes a printed record of all crimes committed within the city of Rochester during the preceding twenty-four hours, together with requests received from other cities for the apprehension of criminals. This police bulletin keeps the members of the department thoroughly informed as to crimes and criminals. The whole system of police records described above has been introduced under the administration of Mayor Rodenbeck and Commissioner Gilman. In January, 1903, new rules governing the police department were published. These rules were revised, under authority of the commissioner, by Edward R. Foreman, secretary to Mayor Rodenbeck. The book of rules immediately preceding this was issued in 1899, the one before that in 1887. One thing more may be noted. Up to the summer of 1902 the detectives held office by a definite tenure and could not be removed except for cause, but the Common Council in May, 1902, passed History of Police Department an ordinance by which this was so changed as to give the commissioner power to assign from time to time such members of the department to detective duty as he might deem best and also to employ as detectives persons outside the department. This enlargement of authority, with the hope of promotion that it holds out, serves to stimulate the whole department to constant activity in the discharge of its- duty. CHAPTER XVI The Civil List It is thought well to close this history with what may be called a civil list of the department — that is, a complete list of those officials who, from the beginning of things, had control over the police or who from their position were brought into direct connection with them. So we will start with the Trustees of the Village Francis Brown, 1817-19; Daniel Mack, 1817-19; Everard Peck, 1817-19; William Cobb, 1817 and 1820 ; Jehiel Barnard, 1817; Isaac Colvin, 1818-19; Ira West, 1-818-19 ; Matthew Brown, jr., 1820-23, 1825-26 and 1831 ; Moses Chapin, 1820- 21; Charles J. Hill, 1820-22; Elisha Taylor, 1820-21; Warham Whitney, 1821-22 and 1824; Hastings R. Bender, 1822 ; S. Melancton Smith, 1822-23 i Jacob Graves, 1823 ; William P. Sherman, 1823 > Abner Wakelee, 1823 ; John W. Strong, 1824; Anson Coleman, 1824; Jonathan Packard, 1824; Ashbel W. Riley, 1824 ; Phelps Smith, 1825 ; Frederick Starr, 1825 ; William Rathbun, 1825 and 1832 ; Gilbert Everingham, 1825 ; William Brewster, 1826 ; Vincent Mathews, 1826 ; John Mastick, 1826 ; Giles Boulton, 1826 ; Frederick Whittlesey, 1827 ! Ezra M. Parsons, 1827-28 ; Jonathan Child, 1827 and 1830; Elisha Johnson, 1827-29; A. V. T. Eeavitt, 1827 5 Ebenezer Ely, 1828 ; Ephraim Moore, 1828 ; Nathaniel Rossiter, 1828 and 1831 ; John Haywood, 1829; SidneyS. Alcott, 1829; Robert L,. McCollum, 1829; William H. Ward, 1829 ; William Pease, 1830 ; Joseph Medbery, 1830; Adonijah Green, 1830; Harmon Bissell, 1830; Rufus Meech, 1831 ; Jacob Thorn, 1831-32; Harvey Humphrey, 1831 ; Samuel L,. Selden, 1832 ; Daniel Tinker, 1832 ; Orrin E. Gibbs, 1832 ; William E. Eathrop, 1833 i Fletcher M. Haight, 1833 ; Elihu F. Marshall, 1833 ! Nathaniel Draper, 1833. 198 History of Police Department Mayors of the City Jonathan Child, 1834 ; Jacob Gould, 1835-36 ; Abraham M. Schermerhorn, 1837 (resigned) ; Thomas Kempshall, 1837 ; Elisha Johnson, 1838; Thomas H. Rochester, 1839; Samuel G. Andrews, 1840 and 1856; Elijah P. Smith, 1841 ; Charles J. Hill, 1842; Isaac Hills, 1843; J * 111 Allen, 1844; William Pitkin, 1845-46 ; John B. Elwood, 1847 ; Joseph Field, 1848 ; Levi A. Ward, 1849; Samuel Richardson, 1850; Nicholas E. Paine, 1851 ; Hamlin Stilwell, i852;-John Williams, 1853; Maltby Strong, 1854; Charles J. Hayden, 1855-; Rufus Keeler, 1857 ; Charles H. Clark, 1858 ; Samuel W. D. Moore, 1859 and 1866; Hamlet D. Scrantom, i860; John C. Nash, 1861 ; Michael Filon, 1862 ; Nehemiah C. Bradstreet, 1863; James Brackett, 1864 ; Daniel D. T. Moore, 1865 ; Henry L. Fish, 1867-68 ; Edward M. Smith, 1869 ; John Lutes, 1870 ; Charles W. Briggs, 1871 ; A. Carter Wilder, 1872-73 ; George G. Clarkson, 1874-75 > Cornelius R. Parsons, 1876-89 ; William Carroll, 1890-91 ; Richard Curran, 1892-93 ; George W. Aldridge, 1894 ; Merton E. Lewis, 1895 ; George E. Warner, 1896-99 ; George A. Carnahan, 1900-1901 ; Adolph J. Rodenbeck, 1902 . Captains of the Watch Newton Rose, 1834 ; Francis Dana, jr., 1835 and 1837 ; Benjamin F. Hall, 1836 and 1838 ; John Dart, 1839 ; Rodney Lyman, 1840; Edwin Avery, 1841 ; Amba H. Welch, 1842 ; Elisha W. Bryan, 1843 ! George Bradshaw, 1844 ar >d 1853 ; Alexander Richardson, 1845 ! William H. Moore, 1846 and 1847 ; Palmer B. Wilder, 1848 ; James Murray, 1849 ; William A. Green, 1850 ; Leonard M. Barton, 1851 ; Michael Hyland, 1852. Chiefs of Police Addy W. Van Slyck, 1853 ; George I. Marsh, 1854 ; Samuel M. Sherman, 1855 ! Elisha J. Keeney, 1856 and 1859 ! W. D. Oviatt, 1857 ; Seth Simmons, 1858 ; Matthew G. Warner, i860 ; William Charles, 1861 ; William Mudgett, 1862 and 1863 ; Robert R. Harris, 1864 ; Samuel M. Sherman, 1865 to 1873 ; Alexander McLean, 1873 to ^85 ; Joseph P. Cleary, 1885 to . Rochester, New York Police Captains Patrick H. Sullivan, 1871-82 ; Joseph P. Cleary, 1883-84 Charles E. McCormick, .1885-92 ; William Keith, 1885-94 John E. McDermott, 1893 ; John C. Hayden, 1900 John A. Baird, 1901 ; Benedict C. Furtherer, 1901 Herman Russ, 1901 ; Michael J. Zimmerman, 1901 . Police Commissioners The following are the names of the members of the old board of police commissioners, with the exception of the mayors, who were, ex officio, members and presidents of the board : Henry S. Hebard, 1865-73 ; Jacob Howe, sr., 1865- 67 ; George G. Cooper, 1867-77 i Frederick Zimmer, 1873- 1884 ; Henry C. Daniels, 1877-80; Jacob Howe, jr., 1880-84; James D. Casey, 1884-99; Joseph W.Rosenthal, 1884-88; Jacob A. Hoekstra, 1888-96 ; Charles C. Chapin, 1896-99. Commissioners of Public Safety James G. Cutler, 1900 ; James D. Casey, 1900-01 ; George A. Gilman, 1902 . Police Justices Sidney Smith, 1834-36 ; Ariel Wentworth, 1836-40 and 1844-48: Matthew G.Warner, 1840-44; S. W. D. Moore, 1848-56; Butler Bardwell, 1856-60; John Wegman, 1860- 65 ; Elisha W. Bryan, 1865-73 i Albert G. Wheeler, 1873-77 and 1881-85 ; George Truesdale, 1877-81 ; Bartholomew Keeler, 1885-93 ; Charles B. Ernst, 1 893-1 901 ; John H. Chadsey, 1902 . Police Clerks B. Frank Enos, 1871-98; Richard Curran, 1 899-1 900 ; William F. Durnan, 1901 ; Charles B. Bechtold, 1902 . Members of the Force Mention has been made in the preceding pages of every man connected with the department prior to the reorganisation. The following is a list of the force for that year : 1865. — Samuel M. Sherman, Alexander McLean, Monroe A. Green, Peter Hughes, Jonathan Dresser, Lyman Johnson, Alvah Rice, John H. Dana, William White, Ulrich Schmoker, Frank McNally, James Sullivan, John Demorest, John Stott, History of Police Department Alex. J. Coombs, Thomas Callister, Charles E. McCormick, William Brown, Thomas F. Hurley, James McKelvey, Ernest Kettwig, John Barry, Thomas Lynch, Francis B. Allen, Frank Plass, Andrew Wegman, Seymour Cooley, Richard Tanner, Christian Spies, Addy Van Slyck, Peter Yost, John J. Garrett, Otis R. Potter, Michael Flynn, Henry D. Shove, Bartholomew Crowley, Patrick C. Kavanagh, William F. Lush, Harry B. Dutton, James K. Foster, Warren H. Noyes, E. W. McBurney, Michael Tierney, W. Jerome Rogers, Joseph S. Roworth, William Rogers, William Cribben, Fred O. Carter, Philip Schaad, Wallace R. McArthur, Thomas A. Burchill, Albert H. Franklin, Lewis P. Angevine, Michael Hyland, Ferry Marzluff, John Ragan, Charles N. Maurer, Edwin Van Vorst, Patrick H. Sullivan, Joseph J. Neil, Hamilton McQuatters. From this time on, the list will be given every five or six years. 1870. — Sherman, McLean, Green, Dresser, Johnson, White, James Sullivan, McCormick, Lynch, Allen, Crowley, Kavanagh, Hyland, Lush, W. Jerome Rogers, William Rogers, Roworth, McArthur, Burchill, McBurney, Barry, Ragan, Franklin, Marzluff, Van Vorst, P. H. Sullivan, Hurley, McKelvey, Foster, Hughes, Garrett, Shove and Dana — who ■were on the force in 1865 — Thomas Dukelow, Henry Baker, Charles J. Green, John C. Heckel, David Monaghan, Hugh Clark, John C. McQuatters, Frank J. Goodwin, Peter Lauer, jr., Clark D. McKibben, Joseph P. Cleary, George M. Lathrop, George E. Bingham, George W. Lord, William S. Fickett, Leverett B. McKibben, Isaac Spiers, Samuel Brown, Caleb Pierce, Patrick O'Neil, Jeremiah Twaig, Frank Bemis, M. A. Beeman, Joseph Gommenginger, Olden Oliver, Ralph Bendon, Jacob Frank, James A. Murray, Andrew Conolly, Robert Burns, Thomas E. Crouch, Michael Wolf, Bernard Horcheller, Jacob Harter and Frank J. Shaffer. 1875. — The roster for this year contains the names given above — with the exception of those who for various reasons were no longer connected with the force — and also the following : John C. Hayden, J. Doyle, Benedict C. Furtherer, A. Cole, William Keith, J. H. Wordell, Joseph St. Helen, J. Mitchell, Patrick Hoctor, Louis Gommenginger, Patrick Canfield, R. McKee, C. F. Fowler, Hugh Johnson, M. Brady, R. Stalker, W. H. DeWitt, John Wangmau, A. Morrison, Nicholas J. Loos, W. Miller, F. Griebel, R. Sloan, P. Bohrer, J. Dean, J. M. Reis, S. Schwartz, William Hartman, William Daningburg, J. A. Johnson, E. McDonough, De F. Chase, Joseph Sayler, J. Cokely, janitor, and B. Frank Enos, clerk. OCHESTER, New YohK Five years later the following had been added : 1880. — William Burgess, Michael Cain, John B. Davis, Frank D. Fay, James P. Flynn, Daniel Golding, Henry Graven, Michael Hynes, Charles Hart, Patrick Holloran, George Heffner, Peter Hess, Louis Jesserer, Frederick Kipphut, W. J. Laragy, Joseph Legler, John Leipold, Louis Nold, William P. O'Neil, Charles W. Peart, Charles Seifferd, Francis Skuse, Frank Valine, William White, Oliver T. Youle. Here is the full list for the semi-centennial year : 1884. — Chief, Alexander McLean ; captains, Joseph P. Cleary and William Keith ; lieutenants, Ben. C. Furtherer, Nicholas J. Loos, John B. Davis and John A. Baird ; detectives, Ferry Marzhuff, Samuel Brown, Thomas Lynch, Peter Lauer, jr., P. C. Kavanagh, T. A. Burchill, Henry Baker, C. McCormick, J. S. Roworth and John C. Hayden ; police- men, J. H. Dana, W. H. White, E. Van Vorst, Thomas Dukelow, J. C. McQuatters, Frederick Griebel, J. M. Reis, F. B. Allen, M. Hyland, W. R. McArthur, Hugh Clark, Jacob Frank, John Wangman, John Monaghan, George Hoffner, Charles Siefferd, F. S. Skuse, George Long, Joseph Baker, Daniel Golding, Hugh Johnson, Michael Cain, Olden Oliver, Ralph Bendon, Andrew Conolly, Robert Burns, Jacob Harter, W. P. O'Neil, John Mitchell, E. McDonough, Joseph St. Helens, William McKelvey, Michael Brady, C. E. Fowler, Robert Sloan, John Dean, Samuel L. Schwartz, J. A. Johnson, William Burgess, J. P. Flynn, C. W. Peart, Charles Hart, William Laragy, Michael Hynes, H. D. Shove, Louis Nold, Peter Hess, O. A. Youle, Fred. Kipphut, Hiram Rogers, J. E. McDermott, P. J. Cummings, B. L. Stetson, Patrick Canfield, Patrick Culligan, J. P. Dowd, William Murray, Michael Englert, John Sullivan, Dennis Hogan, J. E. Ryan, John Yawman, Michael Zimmerman, G. H. Krohn, George Liese, Henry Baker, jr., Michael Fitzpatrick, William Hillard, Frederick Walter, Edward O'Loughlin, George Bletzer, George Mohr, J. A. Wallace, George Kleisley, Thomas Crouch, E. J. O'Brien. Six years later, while many had dropped out, many others had been added, as follows, the total number on the force being one hundred and twenty-one : 1890. — Charles C. Alt, John W. Banker, John Bletzer, Julian A. Brown, James B. Cady, John F. Cahill, Theodore H. Cazeau, Job W. Chatfield, Richard S. Congar, John Connaughton, John Coughlin, James J. Devereaux, John M. Durkin, James Eagan, George W. Finkle, Thomas Foley, History of Police Department Albert Gerber, Victor Hohmann, James Keenan, Ferd. A. Klubertanz, Julius T. Luscher, Frank J. Lynch, Albert B. Marble, Henry F. McAlester, William J. McBride, John P. McDonald, William A. Metzger, John E. Moran, Andrew j. Moynihan, William S. Mullane, William E. O'Brien, Thomas F. O'Connor, Jeremiah O'Grady, Thomas Ragan, Joseph A. Rendsland, John Schire, Frederick Scholl, Carl L. Shepard, Sharon L- Sherman, William H. Smith, Martin P. Snyder, Thomas Wadick, Charles N. Weber, John A. Weber, jr., Philip G. Yawman. 1895. — The following had been added up to and in this year, making the number one hundred and sixty-six : John B. Allen, Philip Amlinger, Samuel C. Baldwin, William H. Bauer, Fred V. Beachel, Christopher Bowers, Duncan Brodie, Frank W. Campbell, John Carroll, William H. Christie, Joseph F. Claesgens, Thomas Condon, Patrick Conheady, Martin T. Cook, Roger Courneen, Fred. J. Decker, Felix S. Dorey, James B. Doyle, Stephen Drexelius, Thomas F. Drury, Henry Ehrinentraut, George A. Fox, Albert J. Hahn, Nicholas Heffner, William H. Heinlein, John Hetzler, Patrick Hurley, Daniel D. Ingalls, Henry A. Ireland, John Kane, William B. Kinnear, Jacob H. Klein, Robert J. Klein, John E. Lane, Daniel J. Leary, Willis R. Lee, Adolph Legler, jr., Charles G. Lemmel, Abram M. Louret, John J. Lynch, James H. Martin, D. K. McCarthy, Daniel McCulloch, William McDonald, Armand J. McGuire, William F. McGuire, George W. McKel- vey, Edward P. Messmer, Frank E. Mehle, Erastus H. Miller, Frank B. Moore, William C. Muir, Louis C. Muncie, Lawrence Murray, John W. Nagle, Frank V. Natt, William O'Connor, John S. Pearson, Edward J. Pfitsch, William I. Quinlan, Herman Russ, Joseph G. Schmucker, John M. Sellinger, John W. Shayne, Thomas Sheehan, John H. Sherwood, Henry F. Spahn, William A. Stein, Jeremiah Sullivan, Patrick J. Sullivan, John A. Tindell, John Touhey, Casper W. Vaughn, George C. Wilcox, Robert Williamson, Walter H. Winnie. 1900. — In the closing year of the century there were one hundred and ninety members of the force, the following names appearing that were not in the previous list : George G. Alt, Alexander Ashley, Walter G. Barnett, James B. Bennett, William Bittner, Edward T. Burke, John Burns, John E. Butler, Patrick Collins, Martin R. Cullen, William H. Dutcher, William G. England, John T. Farrell, Charles H. Foster, William Geib, Charles M. Goodyear, Henry C. Greve, Frank V. Hackett, Joseph M. Heintz, Ignace Rochester, New York 203 Hetzler, William J. Hoye, Otto F. Isler, R. D. Kellogg, jr., John Kenealy, Edward Kirby, Matthew J. Lally, Thomas J. McKeon, John H. McMahon, Francis E. Morgan, William Morriee, Michael Mulcahey, Jeremiah J. Mulryan, Walter J. Phalen, William F. Popp, Charles E. Post, Henry F. Prien, Martin J. Reichenberger, William L. Sander, Maurice W. Scanlan, William J. Scanlan, Gregory Schmidt, Daniel Schout, jr., Frederick J. Schultz, Frank Siener, Archibald H. Sharpe, William C. Spillings, Eugene B. Sullivan, George D. Sullivan, John B. Toomey, John D. Trant, Charles E. Twitchell, Paul Wadington, William H. Whaley, Robert J. White, William B. Wiedenmann, Joseph P. Witaschek. A full list of the officers and members of the force, with all employees of the department, on the 1st of May, would be given in this place, but it was thought desirable to attach thereto some biographical statement of each one, so the names will be found in another portion of this volume. With this the work of the present writer comes to a close, and the history of the police department of the city of Rochester is finished. Whatever shortcomings the reader may note, he will, it is hoped, yield the recognition of painstaking research and of conscientious labor, in which no effort has been spared to verify every statement made. It may be observed, also, that there is an entire absence of the fulsome and perfunctory laudation of living persons so common in works of this character, for the writer holds it to be better that whatever praise is deserved should be found in the acts recorded, rather than in the commendation of the historian. BIOGRAPHICAL Before giving the sketches of the members of the police force it will, perhaps, be as well to present the following brief statements regarding what may be called the administrative force of the department : Mayor Rodenbeck Adolph J. Rodenbeck was born in Rochester and has always lived here. His parents were German. His father died when Mr. Rodenbeck was nine years of age. He attended the German Real Schule and the public schools of the city. He was graduated from the Free Academy in 1881 and from the University of Rochester in 1885. He studied law in Rochester and in New York city, was admitted to practice in 1887 in the city of Brooklyn and has practised law in Rochester since 1888. He was appointed second assistant city attorney in 1891, and in the following year first assistant. In 1894 he was chosen corporation counsel of the city and served in that capacity until 1898. When he retired from this office the press stated : " Mr. Rodenbeck has earned the thanks of the people. It seems to be the impression that no one has discharged the duties of the office with greater ability, and in addition to ability he has shown unusual devotion to official duty and has been popular with all who have had business relations with him." Mr. Rodenbeck was elected to the Assembly in 1898 as a representative of the second Assembly district of the county of Monroe, by a majority of 1,639. ^ n J 899 he was re-elected to the Assembly by the increased majority of 2,125. In 1900 he was again elected to the Assembly. This time he had no opponent on the Democratic ticket. His majority was 6,337. During this year Mr. Rodenbeck performed his crowning service for the public in connection with the revision of the 2o6 History of Police Department laws of the state. As chairman of the joint committee of the Senate and Assembly he caused to be made and reported to the legislature a page-to-page examination of every law ever passed in this state, over fifty thousand in all. He suggested feasible plans for completely revising all these laws, including a revision of the practice code. This revision was distinctly in the interests of the people. If carried into effect it would avoid the immense expense of litigation growing out of the confused condition of our laws. His report was submitted to the legislature of 1901 and the plans therein submitted have been approved by the Bar association of the state and by the bench and bar generally. In 1901 the chair of pleading and practice at Cornell university was tentatively offered to Mr. Rodenbeck. This high honor he declined. In the fall of 1901 Mr. Rodenbeck was nominated by the Republican party for the office of mayor and was elected. He took office January 1, 1902. As mayor he has been a faithful public servant. Born a man of the people, his sympathies are theirs. He has given the city an economical, honest and business-like administration. The affairs of the police department have received his special attention. He personally directed the revision of the police rules, the separation of the detectives from the uniformed men, the installation of the modern police records, the Bertillon system and the recent general police reorganisation. In his first annual address to the members of the department he urged all officers to " carry the message to Garcia," and the present esprit de corps of the department shows the result of Mayor Rodenbeck's administration. Mr. Rodenbeck is a member of many organisations, such as the Genesee Falls lodge, F. & A. M., the Aurora lodge of Odd Fellows, the D. K. E. fraternity, the Maeunerchor and German-American societies and the Rochester and State bar associations. Commissioner Gilman Commissioner of Public Safety George A. Gilman comes of old Yankee stock, his ancestors on the paternal side arriving in New England in 1638 and on the maternal side Rochester, New York 207 in 1656. Perhaps this fact explains his success in business and as an administrative officer. George A. Gilman was born in Westboro, Massachusetts, September 16, 1847. Bereft of his father at ten years of age, Mr. Gilman has always made his own way. He was married at Boston, February 1, 1875, and moved in 1880 to Rochester, where he has since resided. For nearly twenty years after 1876 Mr. Gilman engaged in the railroad business. He was first in the employ of the Chicago & Northwestern railway. Later he came to Rochester as car accountant of the Blue line, to which the Canadian Southern line was added in 1886, at which time Mr. Gilman was promoted to the responsible position of general car accountant. In 1894 he was appointed general accountant of the Blue and Canadian Southern lines in charge of the office. Later, at the time of the general consolidation of all the Vanderbilt lines, Mr. Gilman served as general cashier of the combined lines, from which position and the railroad business he subsequently retired. In January, 1900, he was appointed chief clerk and deputy by Commissioner of Public Safety Cutler. When Commissioner James D. Casey succeeded Commissioner Cutler,, he retained Mr. Gilman because of his. efficient services for the department. When Mayor A. J. Rodenbeck took office, January 1, 1902, he appointed Mr. Gilman as commissioner of Public Safety, an act which met with general approval. The administration of the affairs of the department under Mr. Gilman has been very satisfactory. He has increased the efficiency of the police and fire departments to a marked degree. New editions of the rules of both the police and fire departments have been published under his supervision, the police department has been, entirely reorganised and re-distributed, and new apparatus has been added to the fire department. Through the health department Mr." Gilman has fought through successfully a small-pox epidemic under the most trying circumstances. No department of the city government has had greater responsibilities than that of Public Safety during 1902 and 1903, and Commissioner Gilman has met them all with such common sense and executive ability as to merit public praise. 2o8 History of Police Department Private Secretary Foreman Edward R. Foreman, secretary to Mayor Rodenbeck, was born in Lima, N. Y.,'was graduated from Genesee Wesleyan seminary in 1888 and from the University of Rochester in 1892. During his college course he was assistant editor and had charge of the publication of the general catalogue of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity issued in New York city in 1890. He was admitted to the bar in 1894 and has since practised law in this city. He was employed in the publication of the Rochester city charter by City Attorney C. D. Kiehel in 1893, and later was appointed investigating clerk for the law department. He was promoted to the position of managing clerk the following year and was appointed assistant corporation counsel by Corporation Counsel A. J. Rodenbeck in 1896, in which position he served for two years. When assistant corporation counsel Mr. Foreman had charge of the revision and the publication, in 1897, of the penal ordinances of the city of Rochester, and also of the park ordinances. He had the management of the work at Rochester for the joint committee of the legislature on the revision of the laws during the years 1900 and 1901. January 1, 1902, he was appointed private secretary to Mayor A. J. Rodenbeck and has since served the city in that capacity. Mr. Foreman has taken special interest in the affairs of the police department and in January, 1903, revised and published the police rules under the authority of the mayor and the commissioner of Public Safety. Chief Clerk Simmons Charles Alonzo Simmons, chief clerk in the department of Public Safety, was born in Watkins, N. Y. He attended public schools in that place and in Elmira, where his parents removed when he was ten years of age. He graduated from grammar school number 2 in Elmira. Through a contribution which struck the fancy of the city editor of the Elmira Gazette he took up newspaper work when fifteen years of age, and continued it while a student in the Elmira free academy, from which institution he was graduated an honor student, winning first prize for an oration. He then went to Rochester, New York 209 Cornell, where he took a year's course in law and general studies. In 1894 he came to Rochester and became a reporter on the Evening Times, and later on the Union & Advertiser; finally, he was made editor of the financial page of the Post Express. In 1898 he volunteered for duty in the war with Spain and rose from corporal to sergeant in company H, Third N. Y. V. I.; he was elected second lieutenant of his company upon his return to Rochester. He is an active worker in the Union League Republican club, and captain of its drill corps ; he is captain of the Eighth separate company, national guard,, and captain of L,. Bordman Smith command, number 53,. Spanish War Veterans. He is prominent in several fraternal organisations. He was appointed chief clerk in the department of Public Safety by Commissioner George A. Gilman, and entered upon his duties as such January 1, 1902. Bookkeeper Hertel John W. Hertel was born in Rochester September 22, 1850. After being educated in the public and private schools of the city he went into the harness business and having spent some time in that occupation he became employed by the municipal government, in the various departments of which he has been engaged since then. On the 1st of April, 1900, he was appointed bookkeeper in the department of Public Safety, and he occupies that position at the present time. He is a member of the First Presbyterian church, of the Genesee lodge of Odd Fellows and of Jefferson tent of the Knights of Maccabees. His residence is at 157 Bronson avenue. History of Police Department The Police Department The following notices comprise all the officers and members of the police force, as well as those others who are directly connected with the operation of the department : Chief of Police Cleary Joseph P. Cleary, chief of police of Rochester, was born March n, 1844, in the city of Limerick, Ireland. Coming to this country when twelve years old, he made Rochester his home and has since resided here. Up to the outbreak of the Civil war Mr. Cleary was employed in the nursery business. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in Company E> Thirteenth New York infantry, commanded by Captain F. A. Schoeffel, and served two years, the term of enlistment, being mustered out as color sergeant at Rochester in May, 1863. During the service of this regiment, while assisting a wounded comrade at Gaines Mills, Mr. Cleary was captured and was imprisoned for some time at Libby prison and later at Belle Isle. He was exchanged on August 6th of the same year and joined his regiment at Harrison's Landing, Va. Twenty-four days later, at the second battle of Bull Run, Corporal Cleary was severely wounded and lay on the battle- field for five days, being finally paroled and sent under a flag of truce to Washington. After spending some time in the hospital he was exchanged on the nth of December, 1862, and rejoined his regiment in time to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg. The term of his enlistment having expired he re-enlisted on June 29, 1863, in the Fourteenth heavy artillery, as sergeant major of the regiment. On the second day of October of the same year he was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant of his company and performed garrison duty at New York harbor until April, 1864, when his regiment received marching orders to proceed to Washington, where it was attached to the Ninth army corps, commanded by General Burnside, and joined the Army of the Potomac under Grant at Warrenton Junction, Va. Lieutenant Cleary was acting adjutant of the regiment at that time, and took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Petersburg, North Anna river, Rochester, New York Weldon railroad and Cold Harbor. On the battlefield of Cold Harbor he was promoted to be first lieutenant for gallantry in action, and in September, 1864, was promoted captain at the battle of Pegram's Farm, after which he was assigned to command ■ six mortar batteries attached to the artillery brigade of the Ninth army corps in front of Petersburg. In March, 1864, he was again wounded on top of the head by the explosion of a shell. In the same month he was promoted to major. While on leave of absence twenty-four hours from his battery, visiting at headquarters at Fort Stedman, the enemy attacked and Major Cleary took command of Fort Stedman during the battle after the commanding officer had been captured. For his conduct in this battle he was brevetted major of United States volunteers by Congress, and a short time later was made full major of the regiment. Just before the close of the war he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel of New York state volunteers by Governor Fenton for gallant conduct during the war. He came home to Rochester in command of the first battalion, Fourteenth New York heavy artillery, and was mustered out as major of his regiment August 26, 1865. Chief Cleary is a member of the military order of the Loyal Legion. He has served for three years as a member of the board of trustees of the New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Bath, N. Y. He has always taken a prominent part in the Grand Army of the Republic, and in 1892 was unanimously elected and served as department commander of the G. A. R. of New York state. He was appointed patrolman in the Rochester police department December 1, 1866, when S. W. D. Moore was mayor and H. S. Hebard and Jacob Howe, sr., were police commissioners. November 12, 1877, he was made day roundsman at large and about a year later was appointed to detective duty. A short time after this he was made lieutenant and assistant to Captain P. H. Sullivan. On Captain Sullivan's death in May, 1882, Major Cleary succeeded him as night captain, and a short time later was appointed day captain. In 1885 he was made acting chief of police and on the resignation of Chief McLean, October 3, History of Police Department 1885, he was appointed chief of police, which position he has held continuously up to the present time. As chief guardian of the peace of the city of Rochester, Major Cleary's face is familiar to all Monroe county residents. His services in war are only excelled" by his services to this city. He is a man of sterling character and is held in high esteem by the community at large. Inspector Zimmerman Michael J. Zimmerman is a life-long resident of Rochester, having been born here July 19, 1858, of German parentage. His education was received in the parochial and public schools of this city. In 1878 he was here married. After passing a number of years successfully in business Mr. Zimmerman was appointed on the police department as a patrolman April 1, 1882. He served in this capacity so faithfully for six years that he was promoted to sergeant July 6, 1888. This first promotion was followed by another on February 2, 1891, when he was made lieutenant. He served the department as lieutenant with great credit to July 1, 1900, when he was made captain. June 4, 1902, Captain Zimmerman was transferred to precinct number 1 and was made acting inspector of police with the authority of chief of police in the absence or disability of the chief. He now occupies this responsible position. Under the advice of Captain Zimmerman, and the administration of Chief of Police Cleary, the most modern police methods have been installed recently at police head- quarters by Mayor Rodenbeck and Commissioner Gilman. Complete records of crimes committed, criminals apprehended, and the general work of the department are now kept by the card system. The cards are supplemented by accurate books of record, while the department is kept thoroughly informed by the daily police bulletin printed and distributed to each officer. The institution of the Bertillon system of measure- ments was also advised by Captain Zimmerman, as well as the recent revision of the police rules and the general reorganisation of the department. Captain Zimmerman's steady advancement has been based on duty well performed. He has always been distinguished Rochester, New York for executive ability and fearless discharge of duty. He is a man of high personal integrity and commands universal respect. Director Hayden Upon the detective force of any police department must rest, very largely, the duty of unraveling the obscure crimes that are enveloped in mystery at the outset and then of hunting down the criminal, often at great personal risk and labor. At the head of this bureau is John C. Hayden, whose name has been frequently mentioned in the preceding portion of this volume, principally in connection with murder cases, of which he has worked up at least five since he became connected with the department. His duties have also caused him to become quite a traveler, his journeys extending to the Pacific coast and to the West Indies, to bring back criminals or to testify in important cases. Director Hayden was born on Staten island, N. Y., on the 23d of February, 1848, and moved to this city when fourteen years old, after having been raised on a farm. Having been educated at public schools and at DeGraff's private academy in Rochester, he went into Glen & Hall's manufactory in this city, where he learned the trade of machinist. He was appointed on the police force April 8, 1872, was assigned to day duty July 6, 1876 ; was made a detective in January, 1882 ; was appointed chief of detectives August 14, 1887 ; was made assistant chief of police in February, 1893, holding that position for several years, and finally, in May, 1900, was made director of the detective bureau, with the rank of captain, which is his office at this time. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church of the Holy Rosary, of the order of Elks, of the Knights of Columbus, of the A. O. U. W. and the C. M. B. A., of the Exempt Firemen, of the Sons of Veterans and of the Union club. He resides at 22 Augustine street, and his office is in the police headquarters building, on Exchange street. Surgeon Stapeeton Dr. John A. Stapleton, the surgeon of the department, was born in this city and received his primary education at the public and parochial schools here, after which he went to 214 History of Police Department the University of Buffalo and was graduated from the medical department of that institution. He was appointed to his present position on January i, 1902. He is a member of the Rochester club and of the Union club, and his residence is at 76 Frost avenue. Captain McDermott The drill-master of the police department is the officer whose name is at the head of this sketch, and a great deal of the proficiency of the members of the force is due to his careful instruction, teaching the men first in squads at the drill hall in police headquarters and afterward in battalion drill on the University campus. John E. McDermott was born in this city on June 24, 1843, and was educated at our public schools. In early life he was a tobacconist by occupation, but he was able to serve the public at the same time as a volunteer fireman, being attached to the old hand- engine company known as "Torrent 2 " from 1857 to 1862, and being also a member of the crack military company known as the Union Grays. In the second year of the Civil war he enlisted as a private and fought his way up from the ranks, being made a lieutenant for conspicuous bravery and being, at the close of the war, offered a captaincy in the regular army, which he declined. Though receiving, at Gettysburg, a wound of which he still bears the scar, he remained in the service and was present at twenty-nine general engagements, from Fredericksburg to Appomattox, where L,ee surrendered. After his return to civil life he organised, from the members of his old regiment, the Ryan Zouaves, one of the very best disciplined companies in the United States, and also, a few years later, the O'Rorke Post drill corps. He was appointed on the police force on June 1, 1881 ; he was made a lieutenant April 2, 1886 ; on the 15th of February, 1893, he was promoted to a captaincy as the successor of the lamented McCormick, and was lately put in charge of precinct number 2. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and resides at 84 Manhattan street. Rochester, New York 215 Captain Baird John A. Baird, who has command of the third police precinct, the station being on University avenue, was born in this city on the 10th of September, 1846. He was educated at the public schools of Rochester, and at an early age went into the milling business, but was able at the same time to serve the city faithfully in the capacity of volunteer fireman. He was appointed on the police force August 15, 1881 ; was made a lieutenant on the 1st of June, 1883, and was raised to the captaincy on April 3, 1894. He resides at 450 Central avenue. Captain Russ Herman Russ, the captain in charge of the fourth police precinct, was born at Fort Pla-in, Montgomery county, N. Y., January 15, 1859. Having been educated in the public schools of that village, he was employed for some four years in the grocery store of George E. White and in his father's blacksmith shop at the same place. Coming to Rochester in May, 1879, he obtained employment at Cunningham's carriage factory and worked there till 1891, when, on June 29 of that year, he was appointed on the police force. He was raised to the rank of lieutenant February 13, 1899, and was made a captain June 29, 1900. Although not so long in the depart- ment as some others, he has made a number of important arrests since he went on the force. He is a member of the Masonic order, of the Knights of the Maccabees and of the Police Benevolent association ; he was married May 29, 1883, and he resides at 13 Grape street. Captain Furtherer One of the oldest and best officers on the force is Benedict C. Furtherer. His long term of service in the department, extending over nearly thirty-two years, would doubtless enable him to furnish many incidents worthy of publication, but his extreme modesty, amounting to reticence, renders it impossible to obtain enough material for an adequate sketch of his career. He was born in Rochester in 1846, and after being educated at one of our public schools he worked for some time at his trade as a carpenter and joiner. On the 216 History of Police Department 3d of July, 1871, he was appointed on the police force as a patrolman ; September 12, 1881, he was raised to the rank of lieutenant ; in 1886 he was assigned to detective service and did duty for some time in that capacity ; in 1897 he was promoted to a captaincy and is now in charge of precinct number 5. He was married about twenty years ago, and he resides at number 3 Rowley street. Lieutenant Schwartz Samuel L. Schwartz was born February 10, 1845, in Lancaster county, Penn. After a public school education he was employed as a pump-maker from 1859 to 1862, in which year, on August 7, he enlisted in the 135th regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers and was present in several important battles, including that of Chancellorsville, where he was captured and served a time in Libby prison. His second enlistment was in 1864, when he was a corporal in the 95th Pennsylvania, and was present at Richmond, Petersburg and Appomattox, being finally mustered out July 17, 1865. Having worked on the New York Central for nearly the next ten years he was appointed on the police force of this city February 17, 1875, an( ^ was promoted lieutenant in July, 1889. He has made a number of important arrests and has never been disciplined for infraction of rules. Some years ago he was married at the church of the Holy Family, and since then he has resided at 731 Jay street. Lieutenant Sherman Sharon L. Sherman was born in this city on February 18, 1857, and was educated in the public scools of Rochester. He was employed on the railroad as a locomotive fireman till 1880, when he became a member of the Rochester fire department, being assigned to truck number 2. While still a fireman he was appointed on the police force November 13, 1887, and on May 28, 1894, was promoted to a lieutenantcy. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a member of Valley lodge and of Damascus Temple shrine ; also, a member of the Rochester tent of the Maccabees and of the Exempt Rochester, NewYork 217 Firemen's association. He was married in this city April 5, 1880, and he resides at 169 Lewis street. Lieutenant Ryan James E. Ryan was born at Rochester and received his education at public school number 9 and at the Vosburg academy. Having spent several years as a machinist in the employ of the Gleason Tool company of this city, he was appointed on the police force October 2, 1881, and was raised to the rank of lieutenant January 7, 1890. He is a member of St. Bridget's church ; he was married in this city in 1874 and he resides at 31 Conkey avenue. Lieutenant Klubertanz Ferdinand A. Klubertanz was born in this city January 14, 1861, and was educated at St. Joseph's parochial school. After being an office boy and collector and working as a tailor for the Stein & Adler company for five years, he was appointed on the police force September 3, 1885 ; was promoted to be sergeant June 28, 1900, and was made a lieutenant August 6, 1902. His most important service in the department was during the riot on Gorham street, June 27, 1887, in connection with the laborers' strike. He is a member of the Immaculate Conception church, of the C. M. B. A., the A. O. U. W. and the M. W. A.; he was married at Rochester April 24, 1883, and his residence is 189 Jefferson avenue. Lieutenant Stein William A. Stein was born at Rochester May 12, 1863, and was educated at our public schools and a private German school. For six years he was employed as a shipping clerk in the wholesale grocery house of George C. Buell & Co., after which he was appointed patrolman on September 1, 1891, was made a sergeant July 1, 1900, and was promoted to a lieutenancy August 6, 1902, being stationed for duty at the central station, first precinct. He was married at Rochester April 11, 1888, and resides at 121 Fulton avenue. History of Police Department Sergeant Allen We come now to the oldest member of the department in term of service, the only one now on the. force who has been connected with it ever since the reorganisation of the department thirty-eight years ago, Francis B. Allen, commonly called Frank Allen. He was born at Montezuma, N. Y., October 29, 1837, and came to Rochester when ten years old. When a young man he worked as a boat-builder and caulker, being employed afterward as a box-cutter in Woodworth's chemical works. In the war time he was a member of the Fifty-fourth militia regiment, and in that capacity he went in July, 1864, to Elmira, to guard the Confederate prisoners who were confined there. He was appointed on the police force April 23, 1865, rose tobe lieutenantin 1882 and was transferred to sergeant of patrol in 1891. In spite of his years he is a hard man to handle, as was shown by the successful fight that he made against a gang of toughs on South Clinton street a few months ago. He was married in 1864, is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, an attendant at Christ church (Episcopal) and lives at 139 Alexander street. Sergeant Golding Daniel Golding was born in Rochester July 1, 1853, and educated at St. Patrick's school in this city. Having learned the trade of a tinsmith in the shop of Percy & Campbell, he remained in the employment of that firm for several years previous to his appointment on the police force, which took place July 3, 1878. He was created sergeant in July, 1893. He was married in this city August 15, 1871 ; he is a member of St. Bridget's church and of Temple tent of the Maccabees ; he resides at 14 Gordon park. Sergeant Carroll John M. Carroll was born at Avon, Livingston county,. March 6, 1863, and came to Rochester in 1878. His education was obtained at the union school of the village and at St. Agnes parochial school. After working at his trade as a shoemaker in the factory of Cowles Bros. & Co., he was Rochester, New York 219 appointed on the police force December 1, 1893, and promoted to sergeant December 29, 1899. He is a member of St. Patrick's cathedral church and resides at 39 Kent street. Sergeant O'Grady Jeremiah O'Grady was born at Rochester June 20, 1863, and educated in the public schools of the city. His trade being that of a machinist he was employed in the works of the Rochester Machine Screw company and in the shop of. W. H. Teal. He was appointed on the force November 13, 1887, and was made a sergeant July 1, 1900. As acting lieutenant, on February 20, 1894, he made the largest raid in the history of the department, when, assisted by five officers, he arrested forty-five men who were engaged in a cocking- main on Vetter park. He w,as married at Rochester June 5, 1889, and resides at 34 Cameron street. Sergeant Mehle Frank E. Mehle was born in this city January 7, 1870, and educated at a parochial school. He was employed in Curtis & Wheeler's shoe factory, later in Gorton & McCabe's carpet store, and also as a base ball player in different places. Appointed on the police force July 26, 1893, he was promoted to the rank of sergeant July 1, 1900. He was married at St. Peter and Paul's church July 11, 1892, and resides at 351 Brown street. Sergeant Monaghan John F. Monaghan was born at Rochester January 21, 1850, and was educated in public schools eleven and twelve and also in the college at Kingston, Ontario. His war record is that of a drummer boy in the Fifty-fourth militia regiment, in which he enlisted July 26, 1864, an d went to Elmira. He was employed with Archie McConnell, contractor, and afterward with George D. Dord in water works construction in this city and at Hemlock lake. He was appointed on the police force July 1, 1876, was promoted sergeant June 28 1900, and was appointed acting lieutenant June 29, 1900, serving as such till June 5, 1902. He resides at 11 Lafayette place. History of Police Department Sergeant Alt Charles C. Alt was born in this city November i, 1859. and educated at our public schools. He was employed as driver for a wholesale commission house and later as salesman for J. A. Taylor till his appointment on the force November 12, 1887. He was made a sergeant August 7, 1902. He is a member of the church of the Reformation, of Genesee Falls lodge and of Hamilton chapter Royal Arch Masons, of the Doric Council, of Monroe commandery of Knights Templars and of Court Genesee of the Odd Fellows. He was married in this city and resides at 86 Nassau street. Sergeant Keein Jacob H. Klein was born January 7, 1866. He was appointed on the police force July 26, 1893, and was promoted to the rank of sergeant July 1, 1900. He resides at 207 Remington street. Sergeant Sherwood John H. Sherwood was born in Livingston county in this state, and educated at Geneseo. He was appointed on the force March 20, 1895, and was raised to the grade of sergeant June 29, 1900. He resides at 125 Garson avenue. Sergeant Shepard Carl L. Shepard was born at Aliens, Mich., November 3, i860, and educated in the high school at Jonesville in that state and in the Rochester Business Institute after he moved to this city in 1881. His employment was with the New York Central railroad. He became a member of the force 011 September 8, 1888, and was made a sergeant July 1, 1900. He is a member of Monroe lodge Knights of Pythias, was married at Rochester February 3, 1884, and resides at 95^ Conkey avenue. Sergeant McGuire Armand J. McGuire was born at Greece, in Monroe county, December 12, 1867, and, having been educated at the public school in that town, came to this city in 1886. He Rochester, New York was appointed on the police force March 14, 1894, and was promoted to the rank of sergeant January 19, 1903. He resides at 76 Glenwood avenue. Sergeant McAlester Henry F. McAlester was born at Rochester June 9, 1863, and was educated in this city. After being employed for eight years in the edge tool works of Mack & Co., he was appointed on the force April 2, 1889, and raised to the grade of sergeant in June, 1900. He is a member of St. Peter and Paul's church, of the C. M. B. A., of the Miunetonka tribe of Red Men and of Roosevelt tent Knights of the Maccabees. He was married in July, 1884, and resides at 266 Campbell street. Sergeant Duscher Julius T. Luscher was born at Rochester July 13, 1857, and educated in the public schools of this city. He was a blacksmith, working with his father, up to November 13, 1887, when he was appointed on the police force; he was made driver on the patrol wagon February 13, 1893, and created a sergeant September 26, 1896. He was married at Bergen, Genesee county, November 1, 1883, and resides at 35 Hickory street. Detective-Interpreter Lauer Peter L,auer was born at Rhein, Prussia, in 1841, and came to America in 1855, completing here his education begun in the old country. Having been employed for many years by the New York Central, he was appointed patrolman February 12, 1870, promoted to detective in April, 1873, and advanced to be court interpreter and detective in 1887. During his long term of service he has done much important work, among which may be mentioned the recovery of $19,750 belonging to Mr. Fuller of Albion, after it had been missing for two years, and of a valuable lot of diamonds for E. B. Booth, the jeweler ; the arrest of Richard Gardiner, a noted housebreaker, and of Mrs. Burnett, one of the most successful women burglars in the country, and the arrest, followed by History of Police Department conviction, of many incendiaries who had caused destructive fires. He was married at Syracuse in 1884, is a member of the church of St. Boniface and the C. M. B. A. and resides at 256 Gregory street. Detective O'Eoughlin Edward O'Loughlin was born at Rochester August 1, 1845, and received a common school education. His first employment was that of a tobacco worker, then in a flour mill, then on the New York Central railroad and lastly in a shoe factory up to the time of his appointment on the force November 2, 1882. He was made a detective May 22, 1892, and appointed investigator January 1,. 1900. He is a member of the Immaculate Conception church, of the order of Elks, of the Eagles, of the C. M. B. A. and of the Exempt Firemen ; was married at Rochester November 6, 1874, and resides at 50 Edinburg street. Detective McDonald John P. McDonald was born at Rochester in June, 1864, and was educated at the Immaculate Conception school. Having been employed for several years as a clerk he was appointed on the police force November 13, 1887, and was advanced to detective in 1893. He is a member of the church of the Immaculate Conception and resides at 56 Bronson avenue. Detective Maguire William F. Maguire was born at Rochester June 2, 1866, and was educated at a public school. For a few years he followed the trade of a can-maker; was appointed ladderman on truck number 2 in the fire department November 19, 1888, and served there till July 26, 1891, when he was appointed on the police force ; was promoted to be sergeant of the patrol wagon September 28, 1896, and made detective February 13, 1899. He was married at Rochester in 1892, is a member of the Roman Catholic church, of the Police Benevolent association and of the Crystal tent of the Maccabees and resides at 40 Cole street. Rochester, New York 223 . Detective Bauer William H. Bauer was born in this city October 22, 1855 ; was educated at public school number seventeen and at St. Peter and Paul's school. He was appointed on the force January 6, 1891, and promoted to be detective January 1, 1 899. He was married at Rochester July 6, 1 880 ; is a member of the C. M. B. A. and the Police Benevolent association ; resides at 525 Uyell avenue. Detective Scanlan William J. Scanlan was born at Rochester July 22, 1869, and educated at public school twenty-four. After working at his trade of a mason for some time he was for five years deputy sheriff of Monroe county till March 1, 1877, when he was appointed on the force, being raised to detective June 28, 1901. During the Spanish war he was a corporal in the Seventh battery of light artillery of United States volunteers. He is a member of St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) church, of the C. M. B. A., of the order of Eagles and of the Police Benevolent association ; not married ; resides at 244 Meigs street. Detective Whaley William H. Whaley was born at Sandusky, Ohio, June 24, 1872, was brought to this city in April, 1875, and was educated at our public schools. Following the life of a mariner he sailed on fishing smacks and coastwise steamships and was a surfman in the United States life-saving service at Charlotte from April, 1893, to June 20, 1899, when he was appointed on the police force. Even after that his old habits clung to him and on the night of September 30 in that very year he rescued Albert Turk from drowning at the Exchange street canal bridge, for which act he received a silver medal from the Volunteer life-saving service. He was made a detective June 4, 1902 ; he belongs to Genesee Falls lodge F. and A. M., and he resides at 62 Pierpont street. Detective Nagle John William Nagle was born at Rochester July 24, 1866, and received a public school education here. He worked 224 History of Police Department first for the Forsyth Scale company and afterward in the Judson machine shop, being also employed occasionally as a musician. Having been appointed on the force January 6, 1891, he was promoted to the grade of detective June 2, 1902. He was married at Rochester May 29, 1889, and he resides at 6 Catherine street. Detective Barnett Walter George Barnett was born in this city April 22, 1873, and was educated at public school number fifteen. Having been employed for some time as a coachman and afterward as a clerk in a grocery store, he was appointed on the police force May 22, 1899, and was assigned to the detective bureau June 2, 1902. He is a member of the Monroe avenue Methodist church and of the Hiokatoo tribe of Red Men ; was married at the English Lutheran church in this city September 12, 1899, and resides at 329 Jefferson avenue. Stenographer Meagher William C. Meagher was born at Livonia, Livingston county, March 8, 1878, and came to this city September i, 1897. Having graduated from the East Bloomfield high school in 1893, he completed his education at the Rochester Business Institute, and shortly after his graduation there he was appointed stenographer of the police department on May 1, 1900. The Bertillon apparatus for the scientific measurement of criminals, which is fully described in the main portion of this book, was installed in police headquarters last March and on the 1 8th of that month Mr. Meagher was placed in supervision of the system. He is a member of St. Patrick's cathedral parish and of the C. M. B. A.; he resides at 80 Edinburgh street. Matron De Staebler More than fifteen years ago Mrs. Addie De Staebler became the police matron, being appointed to that responsible position November 16, 1887, after proving her qualifications by a civil service examination. Before that time all the women prisoners had been received and attended to by male Rochester, New York 225 officials, a wretched state of things, but the way was not seen clearly to remedy the evil until the experiment of having a police matron had been tried in Buffalo, where it worked so well that the position was established here shortly afterward, the appointment of the present incumbent being the second one in the state, and now there is not a city of any importance where a matron is not considered a necessity. Mrs. De Staebler was born in Nunda, Livingston county, and educated in the public schools of Rochester. Becoming a teacher in the union school at Niagara Falls, she was married at that place September 5, 1868. She is a member of the First Baptist church, of Ruth chapter of the order of the Eastern Star, of the Maccabees, of the Ladies' Auxiliary of Locomotive Engineers and of the E. G. Marshall relief corps. Her residence is in the police headquarters building. Superintendent Miller Louis W. Miller was born at Rochester, January 27, 1869, and educated at St. Peter and Paul's parochial school, public school number 6 and the Rochester Business university. Having been employed for some time as telegraph operator in the Western Union and the New York Central offices, he became connected with this department October 14, 1886, being appointed operator in the telegraph system, promoted to be electrician in charge October 17, 1892, and made superintendent of the bureau of police telegraph February 28, 1898. He has invented and patented several valuable devices in ■ his line, which are described elsewhere. He was married at Rochester October 24, 1893 ; is a member of St. Peter and Paul's church and of the Rochester Liederkranz ; resides at 9 Churchlea place. Operators Henry W. Martin, residence 54 Austin street. Born at Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1865. Appointed operator October 14, 1886. Joseph B. Smith, residence 146 Troup street. Born at Rochester, N. Y., October 2, 1865. Appointed operator July 15 History of Police Department Thomas Swanton, residence 68 Waverly place. Born at Rochester, N. Y., March 4, 1858. Appointed operator October 31, 1 92. William H. Karnes, residence 107 Ravine avenue. Born at Rochester, N. Y., November 13, 1869. Appointed operator August 10, 1900. The Patrolmen It is, after all, to the rank and file that we are to look for the real composition of the police department, for it would be in vain that the officers of the force should be of the highest character if the men themselves did not come up to the mark. In this regard, as in the other, the department will bear successfully any comparison that may be made with the police of other cities. The following is a list of the patrolmen, with their residence, birth and date of appointment : Patrick Caufield, residence 135 Magnolia street. Born at Troy, N. Y., 1843. Appointed patrolman in 1873, served until 1876 and reappointed July 1, 1881 ; now attached to chief's office. Nicholas J. Loos, residence 396 Central avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 31, 1850. Appointed patrolman July 1, 1874. John Dean, residence 617 St. Paul street. Born in Ireland November 25, 1844. Appointed patrolman February 15, 1875 ; now court attendant. John M. Ries, residence 379 Ames street. . Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 28, 1854. Appointed patrolman February 19, 1875 ; now driver patrol wagon. James A. Johnson, residence 49 Jefferson avenue. Born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., December 25, 1838. Appointed patrolman July 1, 1875 ; now officer on patrol wagon. Charles Hart, residence 38 Hand street. Born in Ger- many November 24, 1846. Appointed patrolman July 1, 1876 ; now court attendant. Charles W. Peart, residence 65 Cypress street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 13, 1847. Appointed patrolman July 1, 1876. Rochester, New York Louis Nold, residence 10 Catherine street. Born in Germany. Appointed patrolman March 31, 1877. > Oliver A. Youle, residence 4 Terry street. Born in Watertown, Jefferson county, N. Y., August 5, 1851. Appointed patrolman December 1, 1879. Patrick Culligan, residence 241 Whitney street. Born in Ireland March 16, 1848. Appointed patrolman July 22, 1881. John Sullivan, residence 3 Ethel street. Born in Peter- boro, Canada, October 20, 1842. Appointed patrolman August 8, 1 88 1 ; now officer on patrol wagon. George M. Kron, residence 133 Genesee street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 31, 1858. Appointed patrolman May 31, 1882. Henry Baker, residence 161 Maryland street. Born in Frankfort, Germany, July 16, 1854. Appointed patrolman June 30, 1882. George L,iese, residence 286 Caroline street. Born in Germany June 3, 1856. Appointed patrolman June 30, 1882 ; doorman to the chief's office. George Kleisley, residence 99 Colvin street. Born in Reading, Pa. Appointed patrolman June 26, 1883 ; now turnkey. Ed. J. O'Brien, residence 300 Campbell street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., April 8, 1856. Appointed patrolman January 1, 1884; now doing special duty at the New York Central depot. John E. Moran, residence 7,^ Bartlett street. Born in New York, N. Y., November 26, 1861. Appointed patrolman September 5, 1885. Theo. H. Cazeau, residence 161 Reynolds street. Born in Albany, N. Y., June 7, 1846. Appointed patrolman September 7, 1885. A. J. Moynihan, residence 169 North Union street. Born April 10, 1857. Appointed patrolman September 15, 1885. J. W. Chatfield, residence 12 Vinewood place. Born in Cuylerville, N. Y. Appointed patrolman June 16, 'il now officer on patrol wagon. History of Police Department Charles Dingman, residence 25 Henion street. Born in Chili, Monroe county, N. Y., September 20, 1844. Appointed patrolman December 30, 1886 ; now driver on patrol wagon. Albert Gerber, residence 178 Orchard street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 1, 1846. Appointed patrolman March 28, 1887 ; now turnkey. Thomas Foley, residence 33 Champlain street. Born in County Bantry, Cork, Ireland, March 19, 1855. Appointed patrolman November 12, 1887. Victor Hohmau, residence 2 Nicholson street. Born in Germany July 25, 1850. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887 ; now driver on patrol wagon. William A. Metzger, residence 133 Flint street. Born in Buffalo, N. Y., May 24, 1858. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. William E. O'Brien, residence 15 Henion street. Born in Ireland March 16, 1846. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. Thomas F. O'Connor, residence Magee avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 5, 1857. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. John Shire, residence 366 Whitney street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 20, 1857. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. Martin P. Snyder, residence 522 Clifford street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., June 21, 1852. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. Charles Weber, residence 460 Campbell street. Born in Utica, N. Y., March 16, 1857. Appointed patrolman November 13, 1887. George W. Finkle, residence 46 Warner street. Born in Oswego county, N. Y., May 22, 1844. Appointed patrolman June 19, 1888. Joseph A. Rendsland, residence 2 Boardman street. Born in Lima, N. Y., March 19, 1863. Appointed patrolman September 10, 1888. William H. Smith, residence 16 Alexander street. Born in Riga, Monroe county, N. Y., October 10, 1855. Appointed patrolman, September 10, i? Rochester, New York 229 Michael Mulcahy, residence 69 Waverly place. Born in County Limerick, Ireland, August 27, 1867. Appointed patrolman January 29, 1889. Philip G. Yawinan, residence 60 George street. Born in Scottsville, N. Y., February 28, 1857. Appointed patrolman March 19, 1889 ; now special night officer at headquarters. Thomas Ragan, residence 201 Tremont street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 22, 1855. Appointed patrolman November 19, 1889. John F. Cahill, residence 171 Atkinson street. Born in Ireland June 6, 1862. Appointed patrolman Febntary 4, 1890. James J. Devereaux, residence 8 Van street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., April 23. 1867. Appointed patrolman April 15, 1890. Frederick Scholl, residence 4 Broezel street. Born in Tarrytown, N. Y., August n, 1861. Appointed patrolman April 15, 1890; now doing duty as mounted officer. William H. Christie, residence 88 Glendale park. Born in Rochester, N. Y., December 9, 1862. Appointed patrolman January 6, 1891. John W. Shayne, residence 85 South Washington street. Born in Galway, Saratoga county, N. Y., June 22, i860. Appointed patrolman January 22, 1891. James H. Martin, residence 500 Genesee street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., December 13, i860. Appointed patrolman June 9, 1891. Lawrence Murray, residence 22 Culver road. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 6, 1858. Appointed patrolman June 9, 1891 ; now bicycle officer at headquarters. Christian Bowers, residence 145 Bartlett street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 4, 1857. Appointed patrolman June 22, 1891. John M. Touhey, residence 179 Clifton street. Born in Canandaigua, N. Y., December 15, i860. Appointed patrolman June 22, 1891. S. C. Baldwin, residence 199 South Fitzhugh street. Born in Riga, N. Y., September 24, 1855. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. 250 History of Police Department Patrick Conheady, residence 98 Grand avenue. Born in County Clare, Ireland. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. George A. Fox, residence 32 Rainier street. Born in Rochester N. Y., May 25, 1868. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. William H. Heinlein, residence 579 St. Paul street. Born in West Henrietta, Monroe county, August 15, 1867. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. Robert J. Klein, residence 3 Grant park. Born in Buffalo, N. Y., August 21, 1861. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. Charles G. Lamniel, residence 95 Wilder street. Born in Germany October 25, i860. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. Willis R. Lee, residence 112 Parsells avenue. Born in Middletown, Conn., January 26, 1858. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. Frank V. Natt, residence 130 Ford street. Born in Palmyra, Wayne county, N. Y., April 25, 1864. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. Jeremiah J. Sullivan, residence 166 Reynolds street. Born in Spencerport, Monroe county, N. Y., March 19, 1861. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891 ; now doing duty as mounted officer. Casper W. Vaughan, residence 383 Brown street. Born in Pittsford, N. Y., March 8, 1854. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1891. John G. Burns, residence 9 St. Clair street. Born in Davenport, Iowa, June 14, 1867. Appointed patrolman September 1, 1891. A. J. Legler, residence 91 Charlotte street. Born in Mankato, Minn., August 10, 1864. Appointed patrolman September 1, 1891. Henry F. Spahn, residence 9 Terry street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 8, 1863. Appointed patrolman September 1, 1891. John S. Pearson, residence 18 Rogers avenue. Born in West Walworth, Wayne county, N. Y., August 13, 1862. Rochester, New York 231 Appointed patrolman May 4, 1892 ; now doing duty as mounted officer. William O'Connor, residence 146 Orange street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., December n, 1864. Appointed patrolman May 4, 1892. John M. Sellinger, residence 5 Montrose street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., January 24, 1866. Appointed patrolman May 4, 1892. Patrick A. Hurley, residence 34 Romeyn street. Born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. Appointed patrolman June 15, 1892. Erastus Horton Miller, residence 66 Catherine street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 13, 1864. Appointed patrolman July 11, 1892. Thomas Sheehan, residence 18 North Washington street. Born in Ireland, April 1, i860. Appointed patrolman September 6, 1892. William McDonald, residence 89 Kent street. Born in Peterboro, Canada, August 3, 1867. Appointed patrolman November 16, 1892. William B. Kinnear, residence 220 Parsells avenue. Born in Scotland December 26, 1S63. Appointed patrolman February 8, 1893. Joseph G. Schmucker, residence 374 Hawley street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 18, 1862. Appointed patrolman February 8, 1893. Frederick V. Beachel, residence 42 Cypress street. Born in Batavia, N. Y., February 2, 1865. Appointed patrolman February 16, 1893 > now doing duty as mounted officer. James B. Doyle, residence 281 Brown street. Born in County Wicklow, Ireland, May 16, 1862. Appointed patrolman May 1, 1893. John A. Tindell, residence 12 Dawn street. Born in Geneva, Ontario county, N. Y., August 18, 1869. Appointed patrolman May 1, 1893. Henry A. Ireland, residence 20 Delano street. Born in Beeton, Canada, January 10, 1866. Appointed patrolman June 10, 1893. 232 History of Police Department Daniel D. Ingall, residence 21 Menlo place. Born in Wheatland, N. Y., March 25, 1861. Appointed patrolman June 15, 1893. R. D. Courneen, residence 194 Averill avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 24, 1870. Appointed patrolman July 24, 1893- Henry Ehrmentraut, residence 15 Morgan street. Born in Rochester, N. Y, August 14, 1863. Appointed patrolman July 24, 1893. George W. McKelvey, residence 191 Saratoga avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 13, 1868. Appointed patrolman July 24, 1893 ; now doing special duty at railroads and coal yards. Stephen E. Drexelius, residence 81 Wellington avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 24, 1870. Appointed patrolman 25, 1893. Thomas J. Condon, residence no Jones street. Born in Limerick county, Ireland, April, 1866. Appointed patrolman July 26, 1893. John Hetzler, residence 921 Jay street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 3, 1863. Appointed patrolman July 26, 1893. John E. Lane, residence 20 Anne street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 23, 1868. Appointed .patrolman July 26, 1893. D. K. McCarthy, residence 5 Arnett street. Born in Ireland February 14, 1868. Appointed patrolman July 26, 1893 ; now ordinance officer. William J. Quinlan, residence 149 Atkinson street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 4, 1869. Appointed patrolman July 26, 1893. Patrick J. Sullivan, residence 34 Sullivan street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 15, 1869. Appointed patrolman November 27, 1893. John J. Lynch, residence 331 Brown street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., Nov. 8, 1864. Appointed patrolman December 1, 1893; now turnkey. Rochester, New York 233 William C. Muir, residence 1 58 Champlain street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 14, 1863. Appointed patrolman December r, 1893 > assigned to the district-attorney's office. Edward J. Pfitsch, residence 226 Avenue A. Born in Rochester, N. Y., June 9, 1867. Appointed patrolman December 1, 1893. Robert R. Williamson, residence 302 Reynolds street. Born in County Cork, Ireland, May 8, 1865. Appointed patrolman April 4, 1894. Joseph F. Clasgens, residence 23 Cleveland place. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 10, 1865. Appointed patrolman April 5, 1894. Philip George Amlinger, residence 2 Ketchum street. Born in Sheldon, N. Y., July 11, 1864. Appointed patrolman November 17, 1894. Frederick J. Decker, residence 77 Glendale park. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August' 21, 1864. Appointed patrolman November 17, 1894. William H. Davenport, residence 34^ Chatham street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 12, 1850. Appointed patrolman April 26, 1895 ! now P ar k officer. Martin T. Cook, residence 401 Lexington avenue. Born in Port Hope, Canada, November 10, 1864. Appointed patrolman May 27, 1895. Williams C. Spillings, residence 35 Stillson street. Born in Cornwall, Vt., December 17, 1864. Appointed patrolman October 1 , 1 895 ; now physical instructor. Alexander Ashley, residence 221 Henrietta street. Born in Kingston, Canada, October 26, 1 865. Appointed patrolman March 18, 1896. Alden T. Budd, residence 104 Flint street. Born in Greece, N. Y., June 20, 1847. Appointed patrolman March 26, 1896; now park officer. Frederick J. Schultz, residence 7 Manila street. Born in Brighton, N. Y., March 27, 1872. Appointed patrolman March 30, 1896; bicycle officer, second precinct. Henry C. Greve, residence 48 Concord street. Born in Germany December 21, 1865. Appointed patrolman May 27, 1896. 234 History of Police Department Eugene B. Sullivan, residence 599 Monroe avenue. Born in Brighton, N. Y., March 26, 1872. Appointed patrolman August 4, 1896. John B. Toomey, residence 751 Plymouth avenue. Born in Brighton, N. Y., February 1, 1866. Appointed patrolman August 4, 1896. Robert D. Kellogg, residence 143 Clifton street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 10, 1865. Appointed patrolman February 17, 1897. William L,. Sander, residence 637 Clinton avenue north. Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 22, 1870. Appointed patrolman February 17, 1897. John D. Trant, residence 70 Pearl street. Born in Seneca Falls, N. Y., June 5, 1869. Appointed patrolman February 17, 1897. Charles E. Twetchell, residence 376 Pennsylvania avenue. Born in Webster, N. Y., March 22, 1866. Appointed patrolman March 8, 1897 > bicycle officer, third precinct. William H. Dutcher, residence 28 Wooden street. Born in Avon, N. Y., July 24, 1865. Appointed patrolman March 10, 1897. Otto F. Isler, residence 381 Troup street. Born in Shortsville, N. Y., January 30, 1870. Appointed patrolman September 28, 1898. Mathew J. Lally, residence 295 Plymouth avenue. Born in Little Falls, N. Y., May 8, 1870. Appointed patrolman December 19, 1898. Daniel Schout, residence 50 Scrantom street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 25, 1869. Appointed patrolman December 21, 1898. William G. England, residence 30 Ontario street. Born in county Tipperary, Ireland, June 7, 1869. Appointed patrolman January 1, 1899. Maurice W. Scanlon, residence 228 Tremont street. Born in county Kerry, Ireland, June 6, 1867. Appointed patrolman January 1, 1899. Paul Waddington, residence 16 Milburn street. Born in Greece, N. Y., August 16, 1865. Appointed patrolman January 29, 1S99. Rochester, New York 235 George Sullivan, residence 71 Otis street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 15, 1873. Appointed patrolman January 29, 1899. Edward T. Burke, residence 183 Atkinson street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 10, 1866. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. James Collins, residence 515 Lyell avenue. Born in Oswego, N. Y., April 20, 1870. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. Patrick Convey, residence 18 Joiner street. Born in Wicklow, Canada, June 8, 1867. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. John T. Farrell, residence 56 Gorham street. Born in Williamson, Wayne county, N. Y. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. Frank V. Hackett, residence 1 10 Richard street. Born in Pittsford, N. Y., June 2, 1868. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. William Morrice, residence 143 Maryland street. Born in Belleville, Canada, September 17, 1865. Appointed patrolman January 3r, 1899. William A. O'Neil, residence 42 Elizabeth street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., November 29, 1871. Appointed patrol- man January 31, 1899. Walter Phalen, residence 338 Monroe avenue. Born in Livonia, N. Y., May 28, 1874. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. Henry F. Prien, residence 1 7 Nicholson street. Born in Andrew county, Mo., May 22, 1867. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. Frank Siener, residence 58 Wilder street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 2, 1873. Appointed patrolman January 3r, 1899; now desk clerk, captain's office, at head- quarters. Archibald H. Sharpe, residence 75 Driving Park avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., June 14, 1876. Appointed patrol- man January 31, 1899. 236 History of Police Department Gregory P. Smith, residence 415 Gregory street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., December 11, 1873. Appointed patrolman January 31, 1899. Edward Kirby, residence 196 Troup street. Born in Medina, N. Y., May 4, 1867. Appointed patrolman February 1, 1899. Joseph M. Heintz, residence 200 Seward street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., April 23, 1870. Appointed patrolman March 27, 1899. William J. Hoey, residence 31 Avenue E. Born in Auburn, N. Y., August 3, 1871. Appointed patrolman April 3, 1899. Thomas J. McKeon, residence r5 North Washington street. Born in LeRoy, N. Y., October 3, 1875. Appointed patrolman May 22, 1890. Martin J. Reichenberger, residence 250 Wilder street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., December 1, 1874. Appointed patrolman May 22, 1899. Martin R. Cullen, residence 175 Lyell avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 6, 1871. Appointed patrolman June 19, 1899. John Kenealy, residence 80 Frank street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1868. Appointed patrolman June 29, 1899. Ignatz Hetzler, residence 20 Boston street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 21, 1873. Appointed patrolman September 25, 1899. Joseph P. Witaschek, residence 164 Averill avenue. Born in Carrolton, 111., June 28, 1874. Appointed patrolman September 25, 1899. James B. Bennett, residence 15 Glendale park. Born in Port Byron, N. Y., June 20, 1870. Appointed patrolman December 22, 1899. William Geib, residence 137^ Reynolds street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 16, 1873. Appointed patrolman December 21, 1899. Charles E. Post, residence 20 Dejonge street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., April 7, 1870. Appointed patrolman December 27, 1899. Rochester, New York 237 Frank Eckrich, residence 155 South Fitzhugh street. Born in Dansville, N. Y., February 12, 1870. Appointed patrolman Jan. 1, 1900. William F. Popp, residence 57 Tacoma street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 25, 1877. Appointed patrolman January 3, 1900. Dennis D. McGrath, residence 388 Benton street. Born in Brighton, N. Y., February 28, 1876. Appointed patrolman January 22, 1900. John H. McMahon, residence 1099 Main street East. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 16, 1864. Appointed patrolman April 16, 1900. George G. Alt, residence 870 Clinton avenue north. Born in Rochester, N. Y., August 6, 1862. Appointed patrolman April 18, 1900. Perry Shove, residence 111 Atkinson street. Born in Utica, N. Y., August 18, 1844. Appointed patrolman May 1, 1900; park officer. William S. Goddard, residence 15 Stanley street. Born in Salem, Meigs county, Ohio, February 4, 1844. Appointed patrolman June 9, 1900 ; park officer. Patrick R. Hennessey, residence 483 Lyell avenue. Born in Eockport, N. Y., April 15, 1868. Appointed patrolman June 14, 1900. John C. McClease, residence 522 Child street. Born in Grove, Allegany county, N. Y., June 27, 1877. Appointed patrolman June 15, 1900. William Weidman, residence 246 Whitney street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., October 14, 1875. Appointed patrolman June 18, 1900 ; bicycle officer, fifth precinct. John T. Campbell, residence 5 Harwood street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., April 25, 1870. Appointed patrolman July 21, 1900. James McD. Ellis, residence 8 North Washington street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 1 6, 1 876. Appointed patrolman July 28, 1900. William Mclnerney, residence 16 Edgewood park. Born in Salamanca, N. Y., April 15, 1875. Appointed patrolman 238 History of Police Department December 9, 1 900 ; doing special duty at railroads and coal yards. Charles Demler, residence 15 Gladys street. Born in Mendon, N. Y., December 8, 1869. Appointed patrolman January 1, 1901. F. J. Van Auker, residence 49 Benton street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., July 12, 1876. Appointed patrolman February 25, 1901. Walter D. McLean, residence 707 North Goodman street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 21, 1874. Appointed patrolman May 14, 1901. James E. Murphy, residence 194 Oak street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 9, 1868. Appointed patrolman May 19, 1901. Richard A. Fagan, residence 63 North street. Born in Mendon, N. Y., February 10, 1875. Appointed patrolman May 22, 1901. DeWitt C. Howland, residence 2 Riley place. Born in Manchester, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1869. Appointed patrolman June 1, 1 901. Louis Fleckenstein, residence 678 Jay street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., January 17, 1874. Appointed patrolman June 3, 1901. John P. Matheis, residence 328 Brown street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., May 13, 1869. Appointed patrolman June 3, '9°i- Joseph H. Nolin, residence 74 Bartlett street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., January 15, 1869. Appointed patrolman June 18, 1901. George L. Miller, residence 99 Portland avenue. Born in Lancaster, N. Y., September 19, 1872. Appointed patrolman June 18, 1901. James Schemerhorn, residence 12 Breck street. Born in Montezuma, N. Y., August 10, 1870. Appointed patrolman June 20, 1 90 1. John M. Leary, residence 65 Almira street. Born in Brighton, N. Y., May 18, 1869. Appointed patrolman August 3, 1901 ; park officer. Rochester, New York 239 Charles F. Steinmiller, residence 7 Mark street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., February 25, 1870. Appointed patrolman August 23, 1 901. John G. Ries, residence 435 Child street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., March 22, 1873. Appointed patrolman August 27, 1901 ; park officer. Herman Ludke, residence 262^ Clifford street. Born in Grumsdorff, Germany, November 10, 1872. Appointed patrolman August 31, 1901 ; park officer. Joseph J. McKenna, residence 340 Plymouth avenue. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 9, 1875. Appointed patrolman August 31, 1901 ; park officer. L,eRoy C. Rector, residence 272 Oak street. Born in Penn Yan, Yates county, N. Y., July 21, 1874. Appointed patrolman November 18, 1901. Adam Apfel, residence 173 Sixth street. Born in Rochester, N. Y., September 5, 1855. Appointed patrolman March 17, 1902. The Police Court John H. Chadsey, the police justice, was born at Ballston Spa, Saratoga county, March 1, 1845, an< 3 was educated at a private school, at the union school in Schenectady and at Cooper Institute, New York city. Having enlisted during the Civil war in the i32d New York volunteers and being rejected on account of his youth, he entered upon the study of law, at the age of eighteen, in the office of John Graham, at New York, and was admitted to the bar April 26, 1866. Having taken up the practice of law in this city a few years ago, he was elected to the office of police justice in November, 1901, for the term of six years. He was married at Penfield, Monroe county, December 27, 1871 ; is a member of the Baptist church and belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias ; resides at 335 Lexington avenue. Charles B. Bechtold, the clerk of the police court, was born at Rochester June 6, 1874 ; was appointed to his present position January 1, 1902; was admitted to the bar July n, 1902 ; resides at 340 Brown street. 240 History op Police Department Roy P. Chadsey was born at Penfield July 10, 1874 ; was appointed deputy police court clerk March 6, 1902 ; resides at 335 Lexington avenue. A. Wiedman, the police investigator, was born at Rochester November 15, 1865. He was appointed investigator March 1, 1902 ; resides at 135 Magnolia street. Charles E. Callahan was born at Rochester April 20, 1879, and educated at the Free academy, graduating in 1898. After studying law with Hone & Hone he was appointed prosecuting attorney for the police court by Corporation Counsel French February 21, 1900, and reappointed by Corporation Counsel Sutherland January 1, 1902 ; was admitted to the bar March 16, 1902 ; is a member of the Immaculate Conception church, the Knights of Columbus and the Union club ; resides at 251 Adams street. Rochester, New York 241 The following schedule will show the location of the various members of the department : en 1* OJ u a a" X «J "o Ph 1 _c '{J V u u s I '0 V u Ph O u V •A u a, H '0 V u Pn u 3 Hi c OJ Oh s 3 M QJ 1- 3 PQ > u 127. Swanton, Robert B., 163. Thayer, Emory, murder of, 139. Tice, Joseph L-, murders his wife, 149. Trevor, John, murdered by Clark, i 2 5- Trustees of the Village, 20, 21, 40, 197. TJnderhill, Charles F., insurance swindler, 150. VanSlyck, AddyW., first chief of police, 92. Village incorporated, 19, 20. '' ordinances, 40. police, 33. Watch, captain of the, 55, 62, 67, 69, 71. Watch, city, 55. " duties of the, 63. night, 23, 31, 54. 62, 63. Watch-house,. its various locations, 57. i 2 4. 157- Watt, Robert, kills his brother, 159- White charter, 164. Wolfschlager, Jacob, murders Dem- ico, 149. Young, Charles, saloon broker, 151. Youngs, Mrs. Lulu M., kills Flor ence McFarlane, 185. Zimmer, Frederick, 115, 161, Zimmerman, M. J., 134, 171, 212. History of Police Department Union Trust Company 25 STATE STREET ^ Capital and Surplus $325,000 Resources - - $3,000,000 4 INTEREST OPEN ACCOUNTS SUBJECT TO CHECK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT ISSUED tantiarti ©tl Co. of Jleto ©orfe rochester department 618 Granite Building petroleum J^rotiutts CAPITOL CYLINDER OIL RENO WN ENGINE OIL ATLANTIC RED OIL Pacuum Oil Co'£ ^lubricating £>il£ Illuminating ©tls Gi4 S LENES N A P T H AS BENZINES CANDLES EUREKA HARNESS OIL MICA AXLE GREASE Rochester, New York 17 VACUUM OIL CO. Manufacturers of HIGH GRADE LUBRICATING AND LEATHER OILS Main Offices ROCHESTER, NEW YORK Works ROCHESTER AND OLEAN Branch Offices and Distributing Warehouses in All the Principal Cities of the World. 1 8 History of Police Department PAPER BOX MACHINERY. M. D. Knowlton F. H. Beach ROCHESTER, N. Y. LONDON, ENG. Rochester, New York C. T. Ham Mfg. Co. MANUFACTURERS OF Tubular Lanterns and Lamps of every description, also Railroad Lanterns and Lamps of all kinds Rochester, New York 20 History op Police Department BROWN BROTHERS COMPANY Continental Nurseries Rochester, New York Prompt, Courteous and Unlimited service at reasonable rates make a " ROCHESTER " Telephone as desirable, convenient and necessary as a clock. Call up and let us tell you about Rochester Telephone Co. 59 STONE STREET Rochester, New York J. N. BECKLEY, President CHARLES HANSEL. V. P. snd G. M. Pneumatic Signal Co. OWNER O F = STANDARD SIGNAL CO. Manual and Power Interlocking and Block Signaling See Grand Central Station . N ew York, for the most approved example of Power Interlocking, all Switches and Signals being operated by the low pressure pneumatic system owned by this company. PLANS AND ESTIMATES FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS OF RAILROAD SIGNALING FURNISHED ON APPLICATION Address, New York Office, 1122-3 Broad — Exchange Building TELEPHONE -f?45 BROAD Or Chicago Office, 1032-33 Monadnock Block 7E lEFSCVE. KAXR7SDX ': ." Cable Address. Lopressure, New York With a BELL Telephone in Your House You can talk instantaneously to anybody in any direction, within a radius of 1500 MILES No other system gives a similar ser\ice It beats the mail and telegraph to a standstill DON'T TRAVEL, TELEPHONE MAIN EXCHANGE— 77 N. FITZHUGH STREET Chase Exchange — Goodman Street and Park Avenue The Blue Sign and the Blue Bell Everywhere History of Police Department THE RED CROSS For Sale by HENRY LESTER H. B GRAVES KENNEDY & CO BEST MADE, BEST KNOWN BEST LIKED Ranges in the American Market Manufactured by Cooperative Foundry Co. MAIN STREET W. STATE STREET SOUTH AVENUE PHILIP A. CLUM GEORGE ATKINSON OFFICE AND WORKS Lyell Avenue near City Line P. A. CLUM & CO. Brass Founders and Manufacturers ROCHESTER, N. Y. %9 Range What the old cook said when she was discharged : "Well, Miss Sally, I don't mind dis gittin' fired, but I DOES hate to leave dat lovely STERLING T^ANGE. SILL STOVE WORKS Rochester, New York The Pfaudler Co. C. C. Puffer, President E. G. Miner, Jr., Vice-President W. G. Markham. Sec'y andTreasurer W. D. Pheteplace, Assistant Sec'y D. O. Paige. Manager Detroit Branch FOREIGN AGENCIES I London Paris Stockholm Brussels Mannheim PRINCIPAL OFFICE 126 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y., U. S. A. TELEPHONE 2290 CABLE "PUFFER' London Office 370 Birbeck Bank Chambers Holborn. W. C. Cable " Yonpuf " Factories Rochester, N. Y., and Detroit. Mich. New York Office Room 55. Fifth Floor 22 Whitehall and 12 Bridge Sts. Telephone 3546 Broad Detroit Office 67-99 Fort Street. East Telephone Main 3455 Otis Elevator Company Rochester, N. Y. F. B. GRAVES, Local Manager Hydraulic, Steam and Electric Elevators Steam and Electric Hoisting Engines History of Police Department i ■ ■ vMtmt+t, ■,.. From Daguerre to the Premo Supreme Lvery camera improvement since the day of Daguerre; every idea that has increased "<£^^ *!5' an d efficiency of picture taking, S-^*ag > --A-f»-->>" has been crystalized and perfected in the Premo y* ^ Supreme. The highest type of camera modern science can produce, and a worthy representative of the famous line of Premos. Fully described and pictured in the Premo book for 1902. An authority on all the requisites of Photography. To be had at the dealers, or sent free by mail. Graf=Comppen Company Manufacturers of Cameras Photo Supplies and Focal Plane Shutters VINCENT STREET, ROCHESTER, N.Y Good pictures The I Petite Century ■ A N.- Kiual f blnntlon Camera mln^r with UIi.sh l'lnl<<» nuil Cnrtrlilicii Hull Him. s. Small enouili fertile pocket, Fitted 11 Lens, Automatli Sluilter, Adjustable ""' Pinion, Focusing Sere I u 'Btures, Prlov, Slti.GO. Ask youl dealer >J CENTURY CAMERA CO., Rochester, N. Y. Century Camera st Rochester. New York JL IT S ALL k IN THE Vlens> ROCHESTER IS THE CAMERA CITY The best Cameras in the Worli are made in Rochester The best Picture at the Recent Mechanic's Institute Fhotographic Exhibition was made with a KORONA CAMERA,- the best Camera that the Camera City has to offer Send for catalogue GUNDLACH=MANHATTAN OPTICAL COMPANY AXDRSW WOLLENSAK. President ft". C. GORTOX. Vice President and 7"hr.?sa»vr J- C. UV.LiaV5.4A". SKrttjry WollensaK Optical Co. MANUFACTURERS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTERS AND LENSES 280 Central Avenue Rochester, New YorR Defender Photo Supply Co ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, U. S. A Manufacturers. Importers and Dealers in Photographic Papers CHEMICALS AND SUPPLIES Branch Offices New York Philadelphia Chicago St. Louis San Francisco 26 History of Police Department WALL PAPER CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS, STRAW MATTINGS, LINOLEUMS, LACE CURTAINS, and DRAPES, PAINTS, OILS and VARNISHES at a Great Reduction of Price. D. STUCK 96 State St. 69=71=73 Main St. East Both Phones DIRECTORS DIRECTORS PHILIP H. YAWMAN. Pres. GASTAV ERBE, Trbas. & Gen'l Mgr. FREDERICK WAGNER. Vice-Pres. CHAS. SLEMIN, Jr., Sales Mgr. CARL F. LOMB, Sec'y. M0R1TZ W1ESNER, Soft. Yawman C. D. Van Zandt Wm. R. Bafnum The Paine Dru|| Co. Surgical Instruments, Physicians' Supplies TRISS FITTING A SPECIALTY PRESCRIPTIONS CAREFULLY PREPARED A!l goods at the lowest cut prices consistent with quality Blauw & Brickner Drug Co. Wholesale Druggists 60 AND 62 MILL STREET Establishes) ISc4 Rochester Bill Posting* Co. 'SIGNS BILL POSTING on Protected Hoardings. DISTRIBUTING from House to House. SIGN PAINTING of all kinds. Manufacturers of "STANDARD" STEAM PASTE. By the Barrel or Measure. Publishers of the LYCEUM THEATRE PROGRAMME. EDWARD A. STAHLBRODT, Manager 19-21 Mill Street 40 History of Police Department The R. C. I. We cordially invite the public to inspect ' our institution : : : : : C. D. Wilson, President .- .- — — -- A. L. Fischer, Secretary This is a Modern, Practical Institution Those who wish to become perfectly qualified to conduct business for themselves or take positions as Bookkeepers, Stenographers, Confiden- tial Secretaries, Court Reporters, Office Assistants, etc., can find no better place to meet their special requirements. ^iimmpr nnrt Nicrhf Srhnnl« In order *° take advantage of our special rates we summer anu ixigm otnooib would advise all Ihose interested t0 enro n aton ce, before we close our classes. 1 — Expert individual instruction in every subject. 2 The rooms cover several thousand square feet, have all sanitary conditions, are well lighted, well aired, and comfortable in the hottest weather. 3 - System of Stenography Graham's Standard Phonography. 4— Typewriting Machines— Smith-Premier and Remington. 5— Full correspondence invited. We thoroughly believe, without a single exception, we can better fit you for a business education than any other institution of the kind in Rochester. Rochester Commercial Institute Offices : 74-75-76-77-78-79-80 Exchange Place Bldg. Home Phone 4543 16 STATE STREET Bell Phone 610 Main Electro Surgical Instrument Co. Manufacturers of Electrically-Lighted Surgical Instruments Storage Batteries, Cauteries, Etc. ROCHESTER, N. Y. COMPLIMENTS OF Commercial Correspondence Schools ROCHESTER, N. Y. Rochester, New York 47 Turner's Inflammacine FOR COLD IN THE HEAD Inflammation, Lameness and Burns. Sure Cure Every Time EDWIN B. TURNER CO.. Rochester, N. Y., or of the druggist. Rochester Dyeing Co. H. LEACH, Proprietor DYEING AND FRENCH CLEANING 75 Main Street East Goods Called For and Delivered. Works— 79-8 1 Stone St. Phones - Bell 2 1 69 ; Heme 965 James Fee Established 1864 John C. Fee Fee Brothers Co. Importers, Distillers and Jobbers in Fine Wines and Liquors 21-23-25-27 N. Water Street The Largest Wine and Liquor House in America. Dining Rooms Upstairs for Large and Small Parties. OPEN SUNDAYS ^ T T/^~> T~> T T?0 Ladies' and Gentlemen's jUuKU O restaurant OPEN FROM 6 A. M. TO 1 A. M. We serve our Famous 25c. Meals on Ground Floor Table, d'hote Dinners from 5 to 12 p. m., 50c. Order Cooking at All Hours. Rear Entrance Pindle Place 53-55 STATE STREET E. B. Sintzenich Mechanical Engineer 267 South Ave. < *\^ Eagle Brand GOODS ARE HIGH QUALITY TEAS, COFFEES CANNED GOODS SPICES EXTRACTS We import our own Teas and Dry Roast our Coffees ::::::"::::: George C. Buell & Co. Rochester, N. Y. and Auburn N. Y. Dake Drug Co. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS 219 and 221 Main Street East, Corner Clinton Avenue F. H. Clement. Pres. J. E. McKelvey. Treas G. C. Southard, Sec. THE ERIE FOUNDRY CO. Machinery Castings a Specialty 330 LYELL AVENUE Telephone 543 Rochester, N>w York Established 1843 James Field Co. Awnings, Tents Hags, Hammocks BAGS, ROPE, TWINES 41 ■ 43 Exchange Street Rochester, N. Y. Charles S. Gibbs Fine Harness, Horse Boots, Stable Supplies Everything for the Horse Phone 1387 159 STATE STREET Powers Building Grocery M. S. GLEASON "GOOD THINGS TO EAT" WE CATER TO THOSE WHO DEMAND THE BEST OUR SERVICE IS PROMPT AND PAINSTAKING CLARK DOUGLAS & SON Wholesale and Retail -Dealers in FLOUR, FEED AND GRAIN = Buffalo Gluten Feed = Telephone 981 2 NORTH AVENUE NEWMAN BROS. Electric Feed Mill Re-cleaned Oats— our Specialty BALED HAY AND STRAW Both phones 204 Troup Street History of Police Department Frank Ritter, President and Treasurer C. W. Fertig, Vice-President L. Ritter, Secretary The Ritter Dental Manufacturing Co. DENTAL SUPPLIES 563=565 St. Paul Street Rochester, N. Y. The Ropelt 6 Sons Piano Co. Manufacturers of HIGH GRADE PIANOS Office and Factory, Cor. Lyell Ave. and Whitney Street ESTABLISHED 1883 The Schlegel Mfg. Co. Manufacturers of CARRIAGE HEARSE AND CASKET TRIMMINGS Schaefer etoer Contractor BRICK, MACADAM and BLOCK STONE DRIVEWAYS CEMENT WALKS AND BUILDING STONE MACADAM AND MACADAM BINDERS FOR SALE Street IRe fer ences BIRR, CORTLAND, GROVE STREETS, HUDSON, JOSEPH AND PORTLAND AVENUES AND WEBSTER ROAD 2Df fice at BeniSence, 47 Satoma Street SMepfcone 2542 58 History of Police Department IT IS TO YOUR ADVANTAGE TO BECOME ACQUAINTED WITH US Before purchasing anything in the line of Lumber IT WILL PAY YOU to get our prices and look at the =Good Grades - — WHITE PINE, YELLOW PINE, WHITEWOOD, HEMLOCK, SHINGLES, LATH, POSTS, PICKETS, CYPRESS, MAPLE FLOORING, PLAIN AND QUARTERED OAK, ETC. SPECIAL PRICES IN CAR LOTS Either Telephone No. 238 Genesee Lumber Co. 45 WAREHOUSE STREET. C H. Crouch, Pres. H. H. Turner, Vice-Pres. C. C. Beahan, Secy, and Treas. C. T. CROUCH & SON CO, WEST STREET LUMBER WHOLESALE RETAIL DOORS, SASH, BLINDS AND INTERIOR FINISH Rochester, New Yor« 59 OCORR & RUGG CO. Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers Doors, Sash, Blinds and Mouldings MILL WORK CABINET WORK GLASS DEALERS= Telephones 742 Union Street and N. Y. C. R. R. Vogel & Binder Co MANUFACTURERS OF ■ SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, MOULDINGS THREE HUNDRED TWENTY ST. PAUL STREET AUG. PAPPERT & SONS MASON CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS and general jobbing 707 Clinton Avenue South W. J. LOCKWOOD PAINTING AND A. W. HOPEMAN PAPERHANGING CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER Office and Factory 7 HOPEMAN PLACE REAL ESTATE CARED FOR Bell 'Phone 305 Main 62 State St. Incorporated 1858 W. Stuart Smith, Dist. Manager Warren Chemical and Manufacturing Co. ROOFING ASPHALT AND COAL TAR GRAVEL, SLAG AND READY ROOFING Telephone 825 145 Main Street West 60 History of Police Department Phelps & Fletcher LUMBER DEALERS N o. 256 Allen Street Both Phones 720 Granger A. Hollister. Prest. H. C. Durand, Treas. Geo. C. Hollister, Vice-Prest. F. S. Gould. Sec'y. Hollister Lumber Co., Ltd. DEALERS IN Pine and Hardwood Lumber and Coal Office and Yard : 316 NO. GOODMAN STREET Telephone No. 63 ROCHESTER BOX & LUMBER CO. Manufacturers of Packing Cases Lock Corner Boxes a Specialty LUMBER Corner Piatt and Warehouse Streets E A. COMSTOCK GEO. A. BABCOCK E. A. Comstock & Co. LUMBER 1030 Main Street East Rochester, New York 61 F . A . Brotsch Builder and General Contractor Streets, Sewers and Bridges Office : 16 Triangle Building Yard : 826 Clinton Ave. South J. C. NUSBICKEL. Secy. Rochester Tel. 1365 F. C. MALLING, Treas. Bell Tel. 1246 M. GERMAN AMERICAN LUMBER COMPANY Wholesale and Retail Dealers in All Kinds of LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, PICKETS, AND POSTS FINE FINISHING LUMBER Shed Capacity 1,000,0C0 feet Manufactured Lumber 62 PORTLAND AVENUE Formerly North Avenue EDWARD WILSON LUMBER, LATH AND SHINGLES PLANING AND SAWING TO ORDER Lumber Office : Main St. E., cor. Goodman Telephone 1146, Bell Telephone 2642, Rochester JOHN MILLER : — -. — — Dealer in ... - Lumber White Pine, Yellow Pine, Hem lock, Oak. Poplar and Other Hardwoods. Shingles, Lath and Posts. Anthracite and Bituminous COAL Offices and Yards : 691 Exchange St. 826 Clinton Ave. South Roch es ter Te 1 e ph on e 1878A Leon H. Lempert & Son THEATRICAL ARCHITECTS Rochester, New York Architects for the Empire, National, Original Cooks, Baker and Lyceum, Rochester 36 Others in New York State 50 In Other States John J. Grauwiller == MANUFACTURER OF = SASH, DOORS, BLINDS AND SCREENS. JOB SAWING, TURNING AND MOULDING Aqueduct and Basin Streets H. BOOGERT Carpenter and Builder Store and Office Fixtures Jobbing Promptly Done 31-35 SOUTH WATER STREET Residence, 56 Sullivan Street Lots For Sale Money Furnished to Build Bell Telephone 2528 History of Police Department Welsbach Burners and Mantles Roch. Phone 2687 Bell Phone 1776Y Piping and Jobbing, Gas Logs In case of trouble to your Chandeliers or Gas Fixtures call up G. A. WILKINS 119 North Water St. Rochester, N. Y. Formerly with Samuel Sloan & Co. Gas Chandeliers d Fixtures Furnished 25 Years Experience Refinishing and Repairing a Specialty Contractor for Electroliers in New Masonic Temple Fred Fish ffice Specialties THIRTY-EIGHT EXCHANGE STREET SPECIAL MACHINERY BUILT HEAVY MACHINERY A SPECIALTY Charles ilrtogeforo jflacbmist Rochester and Bell Telephone 699 225-227 Mill Street ALL WORK FIRST-CLASS ESTIMATES GIVEN C. 3- i&aimer Co. i&utHrer of iflJlacfntterp CONTRACT WORK AND JOBBING PUNCHES AND DIES Both 'Phones No. 1051 220 Mill Street, cor. Furnace €r0le & Srfjmcfc MahUFACTUkERS of ..|£erforateO*. Afreet petals COR. MILL AND FACTORY STREETS 3fame£ ifitt & Co. Special Facilities for all kinds of Automobile l&epairing general machine jobbing and makers of special and exper- imental machinery Rochester 'Phone 106 2821 Commercial Street 66 History of Police Department THE "ARCTIC" ICE COMPANY PURE SPRING WATER ICE Office, 251 Lexington Avenue ROCHESTER TELEPHONE 3112 D. E. CLAIR, Rochester, New York Both Telephones Prompt Delivery Parsons Sanitary Ice Co. -DEALERS IN- SPRINGWATER ICE WATER USED IN MANUFACTURING OF ICE Absolutely Pure Well Water OFFICE, ELWOOD BUILDING The Board of Health has analyzed the water and pronounced it Absolutely Pure MATTHIAS DEALER IN GALL H arness , Whips and Horse Furnishing Goods Repairing Neatly and Promptly Done 425J Lyel! Avenue GOFF "IT* PROMPT SERVICE PERFECT ICE J. V-/ F ^ PRICES RIGHT Our Lake is filled by the celebrated Caledonia Springs 205 Troup Street Rochester 'Phone 985 Rochester, New York 67 WHY USE RIVER, POND OR CANAL ICE WHEN YOU CAN HAVE PURE LAKE ICE FOR THE SAME PRICE Silver La%e Ice Company OFFICES, 280 EXCHANGE STREET and 1 ELWOOD BLDG. F. W. Yates, President rpit ) r-nr Geo. L. Eaton, Treasurer HOME f TELEPHONE No. 585 W. R. Blackman, Superintendent Established 1879 Telephone 651 Karle Lithographic Co. FOLDING BOXES, SHOW CARDS, POSTERS, LABELS, SEEDMENS WORK, COMMERCIAL WORK, EMBOSSING, STEEL DIE PRINTING. TRANSFER ORNAMENTS 280 = 286 Central Avenue cor. Chatham Street L. MURRAY MOORE MANUFACTURER OF Trucks and Shoe Tracks 60 OLEAN STREET Charles C. West Successor to Heacock & West DEALER IN CO A L 281 North Union Street Both 'Phones 999 North of N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Rochester 'Phone 3851 Bell 'Phone 3201 R John W. Vogt & Co, MANUFACTURERS OF Sample Cases CANVAS AND LEATHER TELESCOPE CASES 24 North Water Street Specialty: — Repairing Sample Trunks and Cases 68 History of Police Department HENRY P. NEUN Paper Boxes PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING FOLDING BOXES, SOCIETY CARDS 135-9 AND 200 NORTH WATER STREET F. E. THEODORE MANZ Paper Boxes Telephone 630 59 North Street D. F. LEWIS MANUFACTURER OF Paper Boxes, Charlotte-Russe Cups MAILING TUBES, ETC. Rochester 'Phone 2476 46-48 Stone Street Jacob S. Sauer John G. Deer The S-K Cigar Box Co. -MANUFACTURERS OF — CIGAR BOXES Dealers in CIGAR MANUFACTURERS' SUPPLIES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION No. 2 River Street Rochester, New York American Paper Box Factory MANUFACTURER OF Paper Boxes of Every Description INCLUDING - SHELF. SHOE AND CONFECTIONERS' BOXES C. L. Sachs Over 195, 197 and 199 State Street, first floor, room 40 Rochester, New York 69 J. K. HUNT Paper Boxes Mill and Commercial Sts. ALDERMAN, FAIRCHILD & GUTLAND CO. PAPER NOVELTIES, PAPER BOXES 17 ELM STREET COMPLIMENTS OF THE ROCHESTER FOLDING BOX CO. BUEDINGEN MANUFACTURING CO. Fine Paper Boxes 53 and 55 Piatt Street 70 History of Police Department isijys fWKL JEWELERS Watches, Diamonds .^ Silverware ? 244 MAIN ST., EAST. wmtcomb house. nochesteii JKY? Henry Oemisch DEALER IN Diamonds and Other Precious Stones MAKER OF HIGH-CLASS JEWELRY Triangle Building, corner of East Ave, and Main Street Wm. Miller S. L. Ettenheimer J. Miller E. S. ETTENHEIMER & CO. Diamonds, Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silverware 2 STATE STREET HUMBURCH BROTHERS IMPORTERS OF Diamonds and Fine Watches Imported Plates, Sterling Silver, Corning Cut Glass Rogers' Plated Ware, Silver Novelties 182 MAIN STREET EAST DIAMONDS WATCHES E. J. SCHEER & CO. Jewelers and Silversmiths 196 MAIN STREET EAST Rochester, New York 7> McCurdy £ Atkison St. T. G .Thompson, Jr., McGREAL BROS. WHOLESALE WINES AND LIQUORS 25 North St., Near Main St. East. Both Phones. Rochester, New York 95 Home Phone 1556 Bell Phone 2447 R Brucftet's European ^otel CORNER CLINTON AND CENTRAL AVENUES Billiard Parlors Attached Choice Liquors and Cigars Good Barn and Sheds Chapman House NEWLY FURNISHED THROUGHOUT JAY G. LONGFELLOW, Proprietor 62-66 South Avenue Ladies' Parlors Attached Bell Phone 1437 loljn §> cijeeeel & &on (Restaurant, Sample aiiD JS I Room 324 and 326 South Avenue Opp. Lehigh Valley Depot Home Phone 1139 Bell Phone 2930 relTs Cafe BILLIARDS, POOL AND BOWLING Ladies' and Gentlemen's Dining Parlors i. H$. (Krell, prop. 153 9@am street (Easft NOTICE — THE OLDEST HOSTELRY IN NEW YORK STATE THE MOST PLEASANT RIDE FROM THE CENTER OF THE CITY IS TO jlauier'g 31ltftge Hotel MEALS SERVED TO ORDER 1504 Lake Avenue All cars stop, going and coming from Ontario Beach Both 'Phones QO History of Police Departmen A. F. MASON, Proprietor B. F. McSTEEN, Manager Monroe House Painting Co. GENERAL PAINTING Signs, Banners and Show Cards Office, 233 Allen Street Shop, 21 Main Street East Bell 'Phone 374 Home 'Phone 4322 J. S. STOUT T. D. WILLIAMS Crescent Perfume Co. MANUFACTURERS OF HIGH STANDARD Perfumes and Fine Toilet Requisities JOBBERS OF FANCY HIGH GRADE PERFUME ATOMIZERS, CUT GLASS PUNGENTS, COLD CREAM JARS, GOLD AND SILVER NOVELTIES Office and Laboratory, 38 and 40 North Water Street J. F. DALE, President A. H. DALE, Secretary E. H. DALE, Treasurer Western New York Nursery Co. (INCORPORATED) Rare Ornamental Trees SHRUBS, ROSES AND HARDY PLANTS Also a Selected Assortment of Tested Varieties of Fruit Trees =^^^=^== and Small Fruits ===^== We always have territory for a Successful Canvasser Office 609 St. Paul Street Established 1 857 The First Truss worn should be selected and prop- erly fitted to meet the require- ments of the individual case, and the wearer should be instructed in its use, resulting often in a PERMANENT CURE OF HERNIA WE GUARANTEE ll U 1\ 11 1 il SATISFACTION For Sore and Painful Feet use the "Fullerco" Arch, made of German Silver and worn inside the shoes. Elastic Stockings and Abdominal Supporters made to Order EXPERIENCED LADY IN ATTENDANCE GEORGE R. FULLER CO. 1 5 South Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. BRANCHES : 23 West Swan St., Buffalo, N.Y. 50 North 13th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Rochester, New York 91 BUY The Original and Best TRIX Sweetens the Breath 5 Cents Stops Coughs, Relieves Throat, Kills Odor from Smoking, Drinking, Onions, Etc. SOLD EVERYWHERE INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS Armstrong, D., & Co., 29. Adler, L , Bro. & Co., 45. Apex Wheel Co., 63. Arctic Ice Co., 66. American Paper Box Factory, 68. Alderman, Fairchild, Gutland & Co., 69. Armstrong Milling Co., 80. Alliance Bank, 1st Fly Leaf. American Ribbon & Carbon Co., 83. Allen Woolen Mills, 85. American Chemical Mfg. & Mining Co., inside Back Cover. Bache, J S., & Co., 2. Bausch & Lonib Optical Co., 15. Brown Bros. Co., 20. Bell Telephone Co., 21. Buffalo, Roch. & Pitts. R. R., 32. Briggs Optical Co.. 39. Baldwin Specialty Co., 44. Blauw-Brickner Drug Co., 45. Buell, Geo. C, & Co., 50. Brajer & Albaugh, 57. Brotsch, F. A , 61. Boogert, H., 61. Bridgeford, Chas., 65. Buedengen Mfg Co., 69. Bausch, E. E., & Son, 75. Bradshaw, Chas., 78. Barry, M. A., 78. Bamber, John, 79. Barnett, John, 81. Bender Bros., 101. Bennett, John. & Son, 81. Bascom & Morgan, 81. Barr, Joseph A , 81. Bortle, Geo. P., 84. Brewster, Dr., 85. Booth Bros., 86. Brown. Wm. C, & Co., 88. Bantel Hotel, 94 Brucker's European Hotel, 95. Co Operative Foundery Co., 22. Clum, P. A., & Co., 22. Century Camera Co., 24. Copeland & Durgin Co., 35. Cunningham, James, Son & Co., 36. Crossman Bros., 41. Commercial Cor. Schools, 47. Cowles, H. N., 57. Crouch, C. T., & Son Co., 58. Comstock, E. A., & Co., 60. Cross Bros. Co., 64. Carlton Mfg. Co., 65. Caledonia Springs Ice Co., 66. Cram, Geo. K.., 74. Clueton Mediciue Co., '75. Clark Paint, Oil & Hardware Co., 79. Chapin, L. S., 79. Curtice Bros. Co. , Front Cover. Chapman & Goodenough, 81. Chissell, Thos. G., 81. Cowles, Joseph, 82. Conn, H. C, & Co., 83. Culross Bakery, 84. Cobb Preserving Co , 85. Christaansen Bros , S7. Clark, J. M., & Co., 87. Crown Tailoring Co., 89. Clinton Hotel, 94. Chapman House, 95. Crescent Perfume Co., 96. Dresser, Geo B., 9. Defender Photo Supply Co., 25. Del , Lack, & West CoalCo , 43. Deininger Bros., 48. Dake Drug Co., 50 Douglass, Clark & Son, 51. Dodds, Geo. E , 81. Donoghue Importing Co., Duffy Malt Whiskey Co., Electric News, 10. Eastman Kodak Co., 14. Esler Mfg. Co., 34. Empire Moulding Works, Ellwanger & Barry, 41. Engert, Geo., & Co , 43 Electro Surgical'Instrument Co. Erie Foundry Co., 50. Ernst, Louis, & Sons, 53. Edgerton, H. H., 55. Erdle & Schenk, 65. Ettenheimer, E. S., & Co. East Side Pharmacy, 75. Edelrnan, Louis, 78. Empire Optical Co., 82. Erie Lunch House, S5. Fidelity Trust Co., 4. Ford & Enos, 7. Flour City National Bank, Furlong, Henry M., 10. 90. 9i- 3»- 70. 9 8 History of Police Department Friedler, Paul W., 31. Jackson's Temperance Hotel, 85. Faber, The, Sulky Co., 36. Jones, Fred'k H., 80. Foster, Geo., T., 42. Jeffreys, 102. Fee Bros. Co , 51, Knowlton & Beach, 18. Field, James r Co., 51. Kimball Tobacco Works, 38. Fish, Frdk. & M. S. Horton, 62. Kerstein Optical Co., Shur On, 39. Fisher & Fiske, 62. Knapp, Homer, 55. Fitt, James, & Co., 65. King, E. W., 63. Frankel Bros. & Co., 71. Karle Lithographic Co., 67. Frecker, John, 79. Klee & Groh, 70. Fretzsche. Frank, & Son, 80 Kohlmetz, Chas. E., 80. Foery, & Kastner, 83. Keller's, J. B.., Sons, 101. Franklin House, 93. Keller, Geo. B., 83. Fuller, Geo. R., Co., 96 Kennedy, 83. German Insurance Co., 6. Likly, Henry, & Co., 37. German American Bank, 6. Lehigh Valley Coal Co., 42. * Genesee Fruit Co , n. Little, A. P., 44. Graf-Comppen Co., 24. Lauer & Hagaman, 57. Gundlach Optical Co , 25. Lockwood, W. J., 59. Genesee Tack Co., 36. Lernpert, Leon H., & Son, 61. Glen Bros., 40 Lewis, D. F., 68. Gray, W. C, 47. Luitwieler, J. G., & Sons, 79. Genesee Launch & Power Co,, 48. Lester, Henry, 79. Gibbs, Chas. S., 51. Lathrop, Edwin J., 81. Genesee Lumber Co., 58. Luther, John, & Son, 82. German- American Lumber Co., 61. Link, Anthony, 82. Grauwiller, John J., 61. Leimgruber's Hotel, 94. Gall, Matthias, 66. Laufer's Ridge Hotel, 95. Goff & Co., 66. Lackawanna Animal Prod. Co., 102. Garson, Meyer & Co., 71. McMillan Lithographic Co., 2. Goodberlet Bros., 74 Monroe Co. Savings Bank, 5. Gottry, Sam, 84. McDonell, A. M., 9. Gaussuin, J , 85. Morgan Machine Co., 34. Gay Mfg. Co., 86. Millspaug"h & Green, 42. Gleason Tool Co., 86. Moseley & Motley Milling Co., 48. Galusha Stove Works, 86. Michael, Stern & Co., 49. Garson Tailoring Co., 89. Mathews & Boucher, 49. Gerard Hotel, 93. Mack Company, 53. Grell's Cafe, 95. Miller, John, 61. Gerhard, Chas., 100. Metzger & Brayer, 63. Hooker, Wyman & Co , 8. Miller, Geo. W., 63. Ham, C. T., Mfg. Co., 19. Moore, L. Murray, 67. Hagan, A. T.. Co , 27. Manz, F. E. Theodore, 68. Heckel, John, 30. McCurdy & Norwell Co., 71. Hall, E H., Co., 33. McKenzie, Dr. J. C, 74.,, Hubbard & Eldredge Co , 35. Mauer's, L. W. Sons, 76. Hess, S. F , & Co., 38. Mudge, A. W., 76. Hoffman, John, Co., 39 Miller, Remi, 78. Hickey & Freeman Co., 49. Maxson, H. H , 79. Hall, Sidney, Sons, 53. Marchand, Louis, Jr., 79. Hooker, H. B., & Sons, 55. Morris Corkhill Motor Co., 80. Hopeman, A. W., 59. Metcalf, B. F., 80. Hoi lister Lumber Co., 60. Metropolitan Warehouse Co., 1st Hunt, J. K., 69. Fly Leaf. Humburch Bros., 70. Millington Sign Co., 85. Hyde Drug Co., 71. McCord, Gibson & Stewart, 85. Heermans, Geo., 78. McGreal Bros., 94. Home Laundry, 101. Monroe House Painting Co., 96. Howard, R J., 81. Mooney, Th6s. B., 100. Hetzler, Chas , 82. National Cash Register Co., 31. Hays, H. A., 83. Newman Bros., 51. Hill Dental Association, 85. New York State Sewer Pipe Co. , 64. Hartfelder, John A. , 86. Neun, Henry P., 68. Hartung, C. W., 86. New York Institute of Science, 72. International Seed Co., 41. National Hotel. Inst, of Phvsicians & Surgeons, 72. Otis Elevator Co., 23. Ideal Couch & Casket Co., 84. Ocorr & Rugg Co.; 59, Ingmire & Thompson, 102 Oemisch, Henry, 70. Jenkins, J. W., Co., 30. Osborne, James P., 82. Rochester , N E W Y O R K (HI Our Own Delivery Co., 84 Standard Oil Co., 16, Osburn House, 93. Sill Stove Works, 22. Oldfield, J. P., 100. Stuck, D., 26. Powers Fireproof Building, 4. Simon Herman, 31. Putnam, E. D., 9. Smith, J. Hungerford Co., 33. Pneumatic Signal Co., 21, Schlick, H. N. &Co.,43. Pfaudler Co., The, 23. Sugru's Restaurant, 47. Phelps & Lyddon Co., 39. Sintzenich, E. B., 47. Paine Drug Co., 45. Smith, Beir & Gormley, 49. Powers Bldg Grocery, 51. Smith, Perkins & Co., 50. Pappert, August & Sons, 59. Schlegel Mfg. Co., 52. Phelps & Fletcher, 60. Schaefer & Klein, 52. Palmer, C. F. Co., 65. Standard Sewer Pipe Co. , 64. Parsons Sanitary Ice Co., 66. Silver Lake Ice Co., 66. Payne-Thompson Co., 73. S. K. Cigar Box Co,, 68. Philo Baker Excavating Co., 77. Scheer, E. J. & Co., 70. Pritchard, M, E., 79. Schreiner, John B., 71. Paviour, Robert S., 80. Scotts Hoof Paste Co., 73. Peo, The J. F. & Co., 83. Strasenburgh, R. J. & Co., 75. Palmer, C. M., 83. Schauman, Louis, 76. Post, Jacob K. & Co., 87. Strauchen, C. E., 76. Powers Hotel Restaurant, 92. Scheuerman, C. F., 76. Pulver Chemical Co , 94. Steinmiller, Ernest, 77. Plymouth Stables, 94. Schwalb, F. J., 78. Prudential Life Insurance Co. , 100. Schoeffel, Geo. B., 78. Quality Mfg. Co., 65. Schwikert, F. & Son, So. Roch. Trust & Safe Deposit Co., 2. Smith, W. C, 80. Rochester Savings Bank, 5, Sanderl's Restaurant, 101. Roby, Sidney B. Co., 8. Seitz, Fred C, 82. Rochester Electric Signal Co., 8. Summerhays, Wm. & Sons, 82. Roch. Cold Storage & Ice. Co., 11. Schlegel, F. & Sons, 83. Rochester Telephone Co , 20. Swift, T. & Son, 84. Roch. Optical & Camera Co., 24. Schaffer, J. T. Mfg. Co., 86. Reed, E P. & Co., 28. Snow Wire Works, 86. Rochester Baby Shoe Co., 31. Salter Bros., 89. Rochester-Pittsburg Coal and Iron Schnackel, C, 89. Co , 32. Scheffel, John &, Son, 95. Rochester Stamping Co., 33. Taylor Bros. Co., 27. Roch. Bridge & Cons'tion Co,, 35. Todd, Bancroft