\^ U £1. vj* u -Jo flSl HF a^omell lltttot;^itg Jihavg THE GIFT OF K. \^ HI 1.5 X^/.^/.a.B.. 1387 The American commercial center in Europe olin 3 1924 030 152 700 The ^A^nencan Commercial Center in Hurope Y\'ES GUYOT Formerly French Minister of Public Works THEODORE STAXTON Of the Paris American Chamber of Commerce Washington 1904 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030152700 The Afnencan Cofnmerctal Center in Europe YVES GUYOT Formerly French Minister of Public Works THEODORE STANTON Of the Paris American Chamber of Commerce Washington 1904 \ The Globe Printing Co. Waahinatojif D . (7. THE AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CENTER IN EUROPE. I. — Development of Exports from the United States S II. — Causes of Growth of Exports of Manufactures 7 III. — Europe's Share II IV. — The Share of France 14 V. — The Opinion of American Consuls 19 VI.— The United States at the Palais Royal 28 VII. — The Approval of the American Government 32 VIII.— Appendix 33 N. B. — The proofs, and especially the tables, of this pam- phlet have been kindly revised by the experts of the Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor, under the direction of the obliging Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, Mr. O. P. Austin. Y. G. T. S. Washington, October, 1904. ^u THE AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CENTER IN EUROPE. The object of the pages which follow is, 1. To call attention to the increase of the trade and in- dustry of the United States and particularly to the exports of domestic manufactures. 2. To show that in the trade of the United States the share of Europe is preponderant and should continue to increase. 3. To show that the share of France, which at present stands third among the nations of Europe, should increase in view of the fact that Paris is the generally accepted center of Continental Europe. 4. To quote the opinion of some American consuls to show that the market for American products is far from being as great as it might be made. 5. To show how America can increase her foreign trade by creating an agency for the sale of her products and by organizing her business in Europe, centering it in a great edifice which was for a century the rendezvous of the entire world, and the name of which is known to all. We refer to the Palais-Royal. We may say at once that herein we offer a detailed expla- nation of an enterprise which should be profitable to those who take it up, and which should do much to improve the commercial relations and the prosperity of the two coun- tries. (3) I. DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. To avoid all dispute, we employ only the figures pub- lished in the documents of the United States Department of Commerce and Labor, so admirably prepared under the direction of Mr. O. P. Austin, Chief of the Bureau of Statistics. The American Consul at Bordeaux, Mr. Albion W. Tour- gee, explains very clearly the difficulty which is experienced in making the figures of the French Customs authorities agree with those of the American. He says in his report of December, 1902 : "In previous reports I have noted the difficulty of giving reliable figures in regard to the importation of American products. It is impossible to determine from the French Customs returns. at this port the precise character of impor- tations or their destination. The goods entered here are designated by the French classification according to their components, not according to their names and uses. A locomotive and a piano, a thrashing machine and a type- writer, are in the same class, and one can never tell from the reports how many of each sort are imported." Two facts strike every one who has studied the commer- cial history of the United States, the development of ex- ports, and the increasingly large place which manufactured articles take in the exports of the country. The Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of the United States for April, 1903, gives the exports of domestic manufactures and their distribution. The principal articles included in the group entitled "Manufactures" are as follows: "Agricultural implements, art works, paintings and statu- ary, blacking, books, maps, and engravings ; brass, and man- ufactures of ; bricks, brooms and brushes ; candles ; cars, pas- senger and freight for steam railroads ; carriages, and parts of; chemicals, drugs and dyes; clocks and watches; coffee and cocoa, ground and prepared chocolate, copper and man- ufactures of, not including copper ore; manufactures of cotton ; cycles, and parts of ; earthen, stone and chinaware ; fertilizers; fibres, vegetable and textile grasses, and manu- factures of; glass and glassware, gunpowder and other explosives, India rubber and gutta percha, manufactures of; ink, printers' and other; instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes, iron and steel, manufactures of; jewelry and manufactures of gold and silver, lamps, chandeliers, and all other devices for illuminating purposes; lead, and manufactures thereof ; leather, and manufactures thereof ; lime and cement, malt liquors, marble and stone, manufac- tures of; matches, musical instruments, oil, mineral, re- fined ; vegetable oils ; paints, pigments and colors ; paper, and manufactures of ; parrafin and parrafin wax, perfumery and cosmetics, plated ware, silk manufactures, soap, spirits, dis- tilled; starch, stationery, stereotype and electrotype plates; manufactures of straw and palm leaf ; sugar, refined, in- cluding candy and confectionery; manufactures of tin; man- ufactures of tobacco ; toys, trunks, valises and traveling bags, varnish, vinegar, manufactures of wood; manufac- tures of wool ; zinc, manufactures of." The following table shows the proportion of the total domestic exports and the total manufactures exported at each census year since 1790, and in 1904. Total Total Per cent, of Gain over domestic manufactures total preceding exports. exported. exports. decennial Years. period. 1790 $20,205,156 $1,243,547 6.IS 1800 31,840,903 2,493,755 7-83 $1,250,208 1810 42,366,675 3,951,154 9-32 1,457,399 1820 51,683,640 3,945,793 7-63 *5,36i 1830 58,524,914 6,641,016 II.3S 2,695,223 1840 111,660,561 11,149,621 9.98 4,508,605 1850 134,900,233 17,580,456 13.03 6,430,835 i860 316,242,423 40,345,892 12.76 22,765,4.36 1870 455,208,341 68,279,764 15.00 27,933,872 1880 823.946,353 102,856,015 12.48 34,576,251 1890 845,293,828 151,102,376 17.87 48,246,361 1900 1,370,763,571 433,851,756 31-65 282,749,380 1904 1,435,171,251 452,445,629 31.52 18,593,873 ♦Decrease. II. CAUSES OF GROWTH OF EXPORTS OF MANU- FACTURES. The causes of the rapid growth in the exports of manu- factures from the United States are not difficult to deter- mine. The growth, as already indicated, has occurred chiefly since 1880, and especially in the last decade. From 1790 to 1880, the growth was a hundred millions in ninety years' time. This was a period which was devoted to the development of the agricultural resources of the country and to the construction of railroads. The value of agricul- tural products exported grew in this period from 19 million dollars to 686 millions, an increase of 667 millions, while exports of manufactures were increasing 100 millions. From 1880 to 1890, exports of agricultural products made no increase whatever, the figures of 1890 being 56 million dollars below those of 1880, while the manufactures showed an increase of 49 millions ; the figures of exports of manu- factures being 151 million dollars in 1890, against 102 mil- lions in 1880. From 1890 to 1900 agricultural exports showed a gain of 206 million dollars and those of manu- factures 282 millions. In 1904, exported manufactures amounted to 452 million dollars. Thus the development of domestic exports from the United States has occurred in definitely rounded periods. The first, a long period of growth of agricultural products ; the second, a shorter and more recent period, in which the largest growth, and espe- cially the largest proportional growth, has been in exports of manufactures. It will be seen from the above that this growth in the exportation of the manufactures from the United States has been very rapid in the last decade and that the total increase in that decade is greater than that of the entire (7) 8 century preceding, the total value of manufactures ex- ported in 1900 being nearly three times as great as that of 1890, and the total gain in the decade 1890-1900 being 282,- 000,000 dollars, or six times as much as that of any pre- ceding decade. The Monthly Summary also shows (page 3243) that not only has the exportation of manufactures greatly in- creased, but the share which manufactures form of the total exports has correspondingly increased. In 1880 manufac- tures formed less than 8 per cent, of the exports; in 1850, 13 per cent., and in 1890 less than 18 per cent.; while in 1900 they formed 31 per cent, of the total exports. The rapid growth in exports of manufactures in the last decade becomes even more striking when considered in detail year by year. In the preceding comparisons the growth has been measured by decades. A study of the growth year by year from 1890 to 1902 shows that the greatest growth has oc- cured since 1895. The total value of manufactures exported from the United States in 1895 was 183 millions, an in- crease of 32 millions over 1890. In the very next year there was, in round figures, an increase of 45 millions; in the following year, an increase of 48 millions; in the next year, 13 millions; in the next year 49 millions, and in the year following, an increase of 94 millions. Thus the ex- ports of manufactures increased from $183,595,743 in 1895 to $433,851,756 in 1900, the gain in that five-year period being greater than all the gain in the one hundred and five years from 1790 to 1895. Although there was a slight falling off from 1901 to 1903, the increase for 1904 was $18,600,000. This growth will be more readily seen from an examination of the following table, which shows the exports of manufactures and the percentage which they formed of the total domestic exports in each year from 1890 to 1904. 9 Exports Per cent, of _. of total domestic liiscal years. manufactures. exports. 1890 $151,102,376 17.87 ^°9' 168,927,31s 19.37 i°92 159,510,937 1570 i°93 158,023,118 19.02 1894 183,728,808 21.14 189s 183,595,743 23.14 1896 228,571,178 26.48 1897 277,285,391 26.87 189S 290,697,354 24.02 1899 339,592,146 28.21 1900 433,851,756 31-65 1901 410,932,524 28.13 1902 403,641,401 29.77 1903 407,526,159 29.28 1904 452,445,629 31.52 A few words as to the growth of exportation and produc- tion of manufactures. Proportionately the growth in ex- ports of manufactures has been even greater than in pro- duction of manufactures. The census figures show that the gross value of manufactures produced in 1850 was, in round numbers, $1,000,000,000, and in 1900 $13,000,000,000, so that the product of 1900 may be said to be thirteen times as great as that of 1850; while the exportation of manufac- tures, which in 1850 was $17,580,456, was, in 1900, $433,- 851,756, or 25 times as great as a half century earlier, in- dicating that the percentage of growth in exportation has been practically tiwce as great as that in the production of manufactures. Mr. Austin deduces in the Summary, page 3243, from the detailed study of exports and distribution, three great facts : 1. The rapid growth in the production of manufactures, which has placed the United States at the head of the world list of manufacturing nations ; 2. The power to produce far beyond the demands of the home population; and 3. The evidence of an ability to compete in the world's markets, which evidence is supplied by the rapid growth in exports of manufactures. He suggests "the importance of a careful consideration of the subject, both as regards the growth and character of our exports of manufactures and their distribution in the past and the fields offered for future exportation." lO We give below the value of ten of the principal articles or classes of articles included in manufactures exported in the fiscal years 1902 and 1904. These ten articles or classes form about 80 per cent, of the total manufactures exported. 1902. 1904. Paper, and manufactures of $7,312,030 $7,543,728 Paraffin 8,858,844 8,859,964 Wood manufactures 11,617,690 12,981,112 Chemicals, etc 12,141,011 13,355,694 Agricultural implements 16,286,740 22,749,635 Leather, and manufactures of 29,798,323 33,980,615 Cotton manufactures 32,108,362 22,403,713 Copper 41,218,373 57,142,079 Mineral oils, refined 66,218,004 72,487,415 Iron and steel manufactures 98,552,562 111,948,586 III. EUROPE'S SHARE. Let us examine now Europe's share in the commerce of the United States. From 1870 to 1902 Europe's share in the import trade of the United States remained at about 50 per cent, of the total of such trade. The following are the figures for recent years : Year. Europe. Percent. Grand total. 1900 $440,567,300 51.84 $849,941,200 1901 429,620,400 52.19 823,172,200 1902 475,161,900 52,60 903,320,900 1903 547,226,887 53.35 1,025,719,300 1904 498,172,632 50.26 991,090,978 Europe's share in the export trade of America has been about three-fourths, as is seen by the following table : Year. Per cent. 1890 $683,736,400 79.74 1900 1,040,167,763 74.60 1901 1,136,504,605 76.39 1902 1,008,033,981 72.96 1903 1,029,256,657 72.48 1904 1,057,901,618 72.42 The average for the years 1899-1902, for the total ex- ports of manufactures is $396,400,000, and for the exports of manufactures from the United States to Europe $206,- 800, that is to say, more than 52 per cent. ; consequently, Europe reprensents more than half the total market for manufactures from the United States. The following table shows the amount of manufactured goods sold to the various grand divisions during the fiscal year 1903 : 1903. Pei" <^ent. Total value $407,526,159 Europe 195,013,031 47-8S North America 106,315,643 26.10 Asia 38,003,371 9-33 Oceania 24,557,604 6.03 South America 27,213,426 6.68 Africa 16,423,084 403 (111 12 The annual average of export was, during the decennial period 1881 to 1890, $750,146,300; and during the decen- nial period 1891 to 1900, $1,006,182,541, showing an in- crease of 34 per cent. The increase of manufactures was still more considerable. Annual average value of manufactures exported : 1881-1890 $136,017,100 1891-1901 257,610,000 This is, an increase of $121,592,900 or 89 per cent. As the average distribution has been in about the same proportion during all that priod, it is easy to see that the share of manufactured articles exported to Europe retains the same proportion. It follows logically that it will be about doubled. Admitting that the proportion does not in- crease according to the rates hitherto attained, the annual average of goods manufactured and exported to Europe should amount during the new decennial period to more than 389 million dollars. W. H. Handley, United States Vice-Consul at Trinidad, in a recent report stated that the commerce of the United States with South America had only increased by 5 per cent, from 1890 to 1902, while with the rest of the world the export had more than doubled during the same period, and that more than half was destined for Europe. He even voiced certain complaints against the inhabitants of South America : "We supply them with funds which enable them to buy from other people things which we sow and manu- facture." The efforts made by the United States to develop its ex- ports of manufactures to South America have failed to raise it above the fourth rank or in exceeding in 1903 27 million dollars, whereas exports of manufactures to Europe amounted in that year to 195 million dollars. The South American trade therefore is as 100 to 722 for that to Eu- rope. Why? It is because Europe represents a collection of rich and densely populated countries, and the fortune of a merchant, whether an individual or a nation, lies in the wealth of its customers. 13 Western Europe contains a reserve capital exceeding that of all other nations ; it can pay for what it buys. The population is dense and the distances are small. London is less than seven hours distant from Paris. The 209 miles which separate Brussels from Paris are insignificant. Basel, which is the junction of the lines running to Switzerland, Italy via Milan, to Austria and Bavaria, is only 337 miles from Paris, whereas it is 394 miles from Antwerp and 362 miles from Berlin. Zurich is 393 miles from Paris ; Milan, via Turin, is 585 from Paris. Cologne is 305 miles from Paris and 362 miles from Berlin. Strasburg is 313 miles from Paris and 492 from Berlin. Frankfort is 424 from Paris and 338 from Berlin. Munich is 572 from Paris and 483 from Berlin. But the distance is less from New York to Paris than from New York to Bremerhaven or Ham- burg. The distance from New York to Havre is 3,095 nautical miles and to Bremerhaven 3,560, or a difference of 575 nautical miles or 546 statute miles. The inhabitants of these various centres are able easily to communicate with one another, and they have many needs. They have greater facilities than any other in the world for supplying them. England, Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Northern Italy are customers who can afford to pay. Do they buy as many American goods as they ought and would like to do ? We will look into this question later. IV. THE SHARE OF FRANCE. What is the share of France in the trade of the United States ? Imports and Exports of Domestic and Foreign Merchandise Twelve Months ending June, 1902, 1903 and 1904.* EXPORTATIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES : To France. To Europe. Grand total. 1902 $71,512,900 $1,008,003,900 $1,381,719,400 1903 77,285,200 1,029,526,600 1,420,141,600 1904 85,005,700 1,057,901,600 1,460,868,000 IMPORTATIONS INTO THE UNITED STATES : From France. From Europe. 1902 $82,880,000 $475,161,900 $903,320,900 1903 90,050,000 547,226,800 1,025,719,300 1904 81,134,000 498,172,600 991,090,900 France stands third in order among European countries in both the exports and imports of the United States ; as re- gards the world outside Europe, it is only surpassed by British North America as a market for United States products. Americans have not failed to banter the French on the alarm which the latter felt at the passage of the Mc- Kinley tariff, showing that French imports into the United States have grown in volume since the enactment of that law. In 1896-97 the imports into the United States from France were $67,530,200; the annual average from 1902 to 1904 is $84,686,000, or an increase of 25 per cent. In the same way the increase of the French tariff and the absence of commercial treaties have not prevented Ameri- can exports to France showing an increase. Excluding from consideration the exceptional wheat exports of 1897-1898, exports to France have shown a steady gain during the past decade and reached eighty-five millions of dollars in 1904. *0f the total trade (imports and exports) the foreign products were $27,040,000 in 1003 and $25,696,000 in 1904. 15 The exportation of American manufactures to France was, in 1892, $6,049,000; it rose to $11,556,000 in 1897 and since that year has been as follows : l^ $13,622,867 °^ 15,159,024 X ^6,755,252 ^901 17,046,702 1902 15,127,456 I9°3 16,786,719 There is in these figures an exceptional year, that of the Paris Exhibition of 1900. But that shows what further de- velopment the exports of manufactures from the United States could gain if there were established a permanent exposition and a business center such as proposed herein; since the average of the three years, 1897-99, which was $13)446,000, showed in 1900 an increase of $13,309,000, that is, an increase of 100 per cent.* The following table shows the leading exports from the United States into France during the last twelve months ending June 30, 1904: PRINCIPAL EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO FRANCE. Quantities. Values. Agricultural implements $3,063,000 Books, maps, engravings 63,477 Corn (bushels) 588,342 274,600 Wheat (bushels) 765,808 611,785 Wheat flour (barrels) 2,351 10,351 Cycles, parts of 76,000 Cars, passenger and freight for railways 1 18,307 Clocks and watches 3,264 Coal and coke, anthracite (tons) 6 27 bituminous 13,377 41,733 Copper, ingots, bars, plates, and old (pounds). . 78,157,647 10,166,304 Cotton unmanufactured (bale) 712,946 42,910,729 (pounds) 367,142,936 Manufactures of clothes (yards) 34,oi2 1,615 Other manufactures of cotton 11,196 Fertilizers 111,844 656,668 Fruits and nuts 2,451,720 Furs and fur skins 57,439 Hides and skins other than furs (pounds).... 3,169,237 291,613 Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes "240,393 Builders' hardware, including saws and tools 326,855 Electrical machinery Ii3,i73 *For tables showing details of exports to and imports from France from 1894 to 1904, see appendix. i6 Quantities. Values. Sewing macliines 143,714 Typewriting machines and parts of 342,960 Leather and manufactures of (upper leather) 534,0.39 Boots and shoes (pairs) 30,817 87,553 Oil cake and oil cake meal (pounds) S3'094,87o 609,385 Oils (gallons) mineral crude 66,212,481 3,860,962 mineral refined 17,784,733 2,084,697 Cottonseed (gallons) 5,143,425 2,115,363 Paper and manufacures of 41,452 Paraffin and paraflSn wax 502,654 25,765 Meat products (beef, canned) (pounds) 350,355 3i>045 Beef, salted or pickled (pounds) 193,320 10,384 Tallow (pounds) 9,089,713 463,514 Hog products, bacon (pounds) 912,638 92,769 Hams (pounds) 34,175 3,863 Pork (fresh and salted) 89,837 8,220 Lard 7,865,240 624,238 S^t^s .. 53,4^8 Tobacco (pounds) 33,769,535 2,818,183 manufactures of 8,930 Timber and unmanufactured wood 516,459 Lumber (boards, deals, joists, etc., M. ft.)... 33,994 757-690 The distribution of chemical products is not yet available by countries for the twelve months ending June 30, 1904, but the United States exports of such articles to France was $201,202 in 1901, and $132,963 in 1902. An amount of export business which oscillates in the region of $80,000,000 has an importance upon which it is not necessary to dwell. Without entering upon the political aspect of any fiscal policy, it is worth while recalling that the convention be- tween France and the United States of May 28, 1898, has applied only Article 3 of the Dingley Tariff to certain French products ancl has accorded the minimum French tariff to tinned meats, table fruits, either fresh, dried or preserved, with the exception of raisins ; ordinary wood in, the rough, planed or sawed; to wood paving blocks, to hops, to pork products and to suet. Petroleum enjoys the minimum tariff. Raw cotton and other raw materials do not pay customs duties. In order to profit by the clause of the Dingley Tariff which stipulates that the President of the United States, together with the Senate, is authorized to conclude conventions with foreign powers based upon reciprocity, provided that the reductions of duty do not amount to more than 20 per cent., France concluded a con- vention with the United .States on Tulv 2/1. t8oo. .She forth- 17 with accorded the minimum tariff to all American products save 23 specified articles. The convention was for a period of five years. It has never been ratified by the American Senate. The proportion of French trade with the United States has in the last five years been as follows : Imports Exports from U. S. to U, S. 1899 8.91 per cent. 4.91 per cent. 1900 8.59 do 5,98 do 1901 9.17 do 5.29 do 1902 9.18 do S.18 do 1903 8.78 do 5.44 do The order of importance of the principal countries as to the total commerce imports and exports of merchandise during the year ending June 30, 1902, is as follows : United Kingdom i Germany 2 British North America 3 France 4 American Consuls complain with reason of the "entrepot surtaxe," of France which is applied not only to American products but to all products of other than European origin. It is not a question of "surtaxe," but of a tax which is ap- plied, without exception, to all merchandise, dutiable or not dutiable, which has not been imported into France directly from an extra-European country. Thus, Brazilian coffees, imported from New York into Havre, pay the ordinary duties of Brazilian coffees, but if they be first unloaded in London, Antwerp or Hamburg, or any other European port, they pay in addition a duty improperly called "entre- pot surtaxe." We may safely say that this entrepot surtaxe is one of the customs duties which it is a great deal easier to suppress than were the sugar bounties ; yet M. Yves Guyot succeeded in obtaining the suppression of those bounties. As the tax is even more irksome to the English mercantile marine than to the American, and as it only affects a small number of French ship-owners, to whom it has been no real bene- fit ; and as the reduction of the English duty on wine inter- 2 i8 ests 1,900,000 French wine growers, it is easy to foresee that a convention established on a basis of reciprocity here indi- cated, could be concluded if Mr. Chamberlain's policy is defeated at the next English election. But we shall put to one side the modification which eventual change of tariff may produce in the existing condi- tions, and only consider the question under present tariff conditions. Are American exports to France, and to Europe in general, as great as they might be ? We have seen that there is a tendency to increase. Have Americans done every- thing necessary for this development ? As to that, we shall remain silent and let American Consuls give their opinion on that point. But before taking up that subject, we offer the reader the following suggestive table : EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES TO EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, 1894 AND 1904, SHOWING ACTUAL INCREASE AND PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE. Countries. United Kingdom Germany Netherlands France Belgium Italy Denmark Spain Sweden and Norway Austria-Hungary Russia on Baltic and White Seas. Portugal Russia on Black Sea Gibraltar Malta, Gozo, etc Azores, and Madeira Islands Turkey in Europe Greece Switzerland Roumania Greenland, Iceland, etc Servia Total Europe. 1894. Dollars. 431,059,267 92,367,163 43,570,312 55,315,511 28,422,989 13,910,620 5,050,837 13,122,908 4,391,046 627,509 6,273,623 5,194,231 653,862 508,086 294,933 85,166 124,449 17,124 91,198 700,870,822 1904. Dollars. 537,781,207 213,723,693 72,148,393 86,005,693 40,841,561 35,714,056 14,004,921 15,675,011 11,.606,332 8,214,942 16,396,137 1,936,078 2,663,943 435,581 359,589 281,818 461,361 242,229 271,266 238,918 60 1,057,901,618 Increase. Per cent ol in- crease. Dollars. 106,721,940 121,366,430 28,578,081 29,690,182 12,418,572 21,803,435 8,954,084 2,552,105 7,115,286 7,687,433 10,122,514 a 3,269,153 2,110,091 a 72,506 359,539 a 13,115 376,185 117,780 2,54,142 147,720 50 357,030,796 24.8 131,4 66,6 53.6 43,7 166,7 177.2 19.4 162.0 1,457.3 161.3 a 62.7 380.8 a 14.3 a 4,4 441.7 94.6 1,484.1 161.9 50.0 a Decrease. V. THE OPINION OF AMERICAN CONSULS. The necessity for Americans themselves to state the origin and quality of their products is clearly shown by the following extracts from consular reports. Mr. Albion W. Tourgee, Consul at Bordeaux, says : "The French dealer does not advertise the fact that he sells American goods. He has a certain timidity about let- ting it be known that he sells foreign wares. The result is that no one could answer the question so often asked by American manufacturers : 'Who are the leading importers of American goods in Bordeaux?' The fact is not adver- tised in the papers nor in any other way. If one should walk the streets and read all the signs, he would hardly find a house which makes known the fact that it handles American goods of any kind." The observations of the Bordeaux Consul apply to all towns, Paris included, and not only to French but to all European towns, as the reports of other Consuls show. Speaking of agricultural implements, the Consul of the United States at Bordeaux, said : "It is a matter of surprise to some of our American manu- facturers of agricultural implements that their sales have not increased more in this portion of France." He gave the reason for this : "Many of our producers have been content to dump their wares on the French market and leave them to make their way without oversight and assistance, not reflecting that the French jobber has no special interest in pushing them. To achieve the best results, American energy should go with American goods." (Commercial Relations, 1902, V. 2, p. 125.) Mr. Thackara, Consul at Havre, speaks of the advantages (19) 20 to be derived from a commercial arrangement, and of the suppression of the regulation by which goods coming in- directly from a country pay a larger duty than those coming directly. Thus, goods from the United States unloaded at Southampton would, coming into Havre, pay a duty added to the customs duty, explained above. The law will prob- ably be modified, but as Mr. Thackara well says : "The question arises whether, under the present condi- tions, more of our manufactured goods could not be exported to this country. My answer would be in the affirmative, considering the good quality, the low price and the efficienc}'' of American-made products. The methods which American manufacturers use in introducing their goods in France, however, do not compare favorably with those they employ in their own markets. "Take France as an example of a country in which there is a good field for an increase in our trade in manufactured goods. I speak of manufactured goods, for the exportation of our food products, cereals and raw materials must con- tinue to augment proportionately to the development of our natural resources, to supply the normal increase in demand. According to the official French customs statistics, the total imports into France in 1901 were valued at $910,000,000, of which the United States contributed $93,000,000, a frac- tion over 10 per cent. We sent to France 15 per cent, of her wood imports, 20 per cent, of the machines and ma- chinery imported, 5.5 per cent, of the tools and hardware, 1 1.8 per cent, of the chemical products, 18.75 P^r cent, of the oil cake, and 7 per cent, of the rubber goods received. The imports of paper pulp, jewelry, watches, clocks, pottery and glassware from the United States were so compara- tively small that they were included under the general term of other articles. Now the question is whether the above percentage can be increased. I think it can. "I doubt very much if there are over 50 of our manu- facturing concerns which are properly represented in France. I mean that there are not over the above number of Ameri- 21 who canvass their various districts to advertise their goods and to solicit orders. "American ice-cream freezers for family use can be bought in several of the department stores of Havre ; but if you want a household refrigerator, the use of which is con- stantly increasing in France, you would find one store which keeps them, but only one make, and that not of the best. If you wanted an American base-burner stove, you might per- haps find one or two French imitations on sale, but to have the genuine article, if you happened to know the agents of American stores in Paris (for they are not advertised), you could write and would receive a catalogue in reply, from which a selection could be made. If the stove chosen was in stock, you would receive it in about a week. If not on hand, you would have to wait at least six weeks. "Two of the best makes of American lawn mowers can be bought in Havre. American-made shoes are being more ex- tensively displayed in the shop windows, but good assort- ments are by no means kept in stock. I have never seen American fire and burglar proof safes on sale in this city, nor have I ever heard of one being used. "American building hardware, locks, etc., are also but lit- tle known in the French provincial towns; neither are American sporting implements. In the past five years, out- door sports have become very popular in France." He concludes as follows : "What the future of our export trade will be when our exporters have reduced the exploitation of their goods abroad to an exact science, as our German and English com- petitors have done, would be hard to forecast. In my opin- ion, the outlook is rose." (Commercial Relations, 1902, v. 2, p. I7S-) All the consuls are agreed upon the probability of the de- velopment of American exports, the cause which stands in the way of that development, and upon the modifications that should be introduced into existing methods. The following is what Mr. Wm. A. Prickett, Consul at Rheims, says: 22 "The agricultural implement stores, particularly, are full of American goods. I received a letter recently from the Paris agent of an American furniture house stating that American desks are now on sale at one of the large depart- ment stores in Rheims. American bicycles, carpet sweepers, glassware, meat grinders, sewing machines, typewriters, etc., are seen in the show windows. "This consular district has no port of entry; the mer- chants are not familiar with custom-houses, and make very few, if any, direct importations. They wish to see the ar- ticles offered for sale and to know just what they will cost, in French money, delivered at their stations." (Commercial Relations, 1902, v. 2, p. 231.) Mr. W. P. Atwell, Consul at Roubaix, says : "Labor saving machinery is especially in demand; also hardware, office supplies, bicycles, typewriters, motor cars, farming implements, buggies, etc. In order to facilitate the sale of these goods, a thoroughly competent agent is necessary." Mr. Hilary, Vice-Consul at St. Etienne, in his report of Feb. 5, 1904, apropos of the International Exhibition at St. Etienne, says: "Without limiting the lists, I would suggest that displays in the following named lines would be especially well re- ceived : ribbon looms, vehicles and trams, footwear, locks, carpenters' tools, saws, hickory handles, spokes, etc., farm tools, ploughs, grain drills, mowers, reapers, thrashers and winnowing mills, box making machines (wood and card- board), typewriters and cash registers, corn products, fish- ing rods and paraphernalia." Mr. Skinner, Consul-General at Marseilles, says : "Last year I am told that the United States produced from 50,000 to 75,000 bushels of macaroni wheat, and the crop of 1902 should be twenty times greater. Thus far, four or five domestic milling companies have bought the wheat being grown, so that none has been placed on the European market. When we have fully solved all the pro- blems connected with the mannfartiire ni upmnlina or\r\ 23 macaroni, I do not see why we should not become the greatest edible-paste consuming people in the world. With the already existing demand for so-called health foods, I do not see why an article of diet that is good, cheap and nourishing should not become a staple and indispensable household article." (Commercial Relations, 1902, v. 2, p. 196.) It is not only the Consuls in France who employ similar language. Mr. George Gifford, Consul at Basel, says : "It is thus our manufactured goods, especially machines, tools, iron and shoe ware, that by permanent or increased sales, have kept our exports to this country up to the normal standard. It is worth while to note the fact that the increase of about three-quarters of a million dollars in the American imports into this country in 1901, as compared with 1900, has taken place under such disadvantages as may have arisen from the application of the general Swiss tariff to American goods since the month of October of the latter year. It was predicted in these reports, at the time when we lost the benefit of the conventional tariff by the termina- tion of our commercial treaty with Switzerland, on the in- itiative of the United States, that the immediate conse- quence to our trade would not be very serious. But in no quarter was it supposed that our sales could actually in- crease, in spite of a change in the tariff which affected rather unfavorably some few articles of considerable im- portance. "One may fairly conclude, then, that a trade that can increase during a year of decided commercial depression and when impeded by the application of higher import du- ties and a greatly diminished demand for agricultural prod- ucts, is on a tolerably solid basis and has no discouraging outlook for the future. "The official returns of imports from the United States during the year 1901 indicate an extremely encouraging state of things with reference to the future of our trade with Switzerland." (Com'l Rel, 1902, v. 2, p. 712.) 24 Mr. Leo J. Frankenthal, Vice and Deputy Consul at Berne, says : "It is with satisfaction we note tliat the imports of manu- factured goods from across the Atlantic have increased from $540,000 ten years ago to $2,100,000 in 1901. It is impossible to ascertain the amount of American goods brought into Switzerland and credited to other countries through which they have passed, but the sum would un- doubtedly swell considerably the total value of manufac- tured articles imported from the United States. The fol- lowing figures, taken from Swiss sources show the imports of certain manufactured articles from America for the years 1892 and 1901 respectively: IMPORTS OF MANUFACTURES FROM THE UNITED STATES : Articles. 1892. 1903. Total machines $27,400 $442,000 Agricultural machines 1,600 212,000 Tool machines 3,000 40,200 Bicycles '. 41,800 Ironware 23,000 151,000 Fine leather shoes 20,400 "The entire import from the United States in 1901 was valued as $11,833,000, of which 3-6 were raw products, 2-6 food stuffs, and 1-6 manufactures. Our share of the Swiss trade 5.84 per cent, of the total, while Switzerland sold us 10.51 per cent, of her exports." (Com. Rel., 1902, v. 2, p. 7250 Mr. William Jarvis, Consul at Milan, shows also the opportunities of development in American trade, as also the causes which prevent that development, notably the failure to have samples on hand. He says : "It is when dealing with small articles or samples that this annoyance is most manifest. A merchant wishing to import requires samples. He is not unwilling to pay for these when of value, but the extra cost incurred in freight and the handling by different forwarding agents brings up the price far beyond anything ever contemplated. On the next occasion he seems to prefer getting his samples from a European country, within a few days, at very little ex- pense, and with possibly a prompt visit from a salesman QtTV-inilC irt i-nn}j'a 1 A^^^-t^ -.-.r^i-X-, l^l*-^ ^^^ — ^ J 1.-. _. ! 1_!, IS 25 The Consuls reproach the American trader also with the failure to protect "by valid French patents." This is the fault only of the manufacturer who should not be sur- prised to find his market after a time occupied by a lighter and less durable implement of the same general character, at a lower price. It is an irreparable mistake. If he failed to take out a patent within the time prescribed by law— that is, within seven months after the issue of his Ameri- can patent— there is no remedy. The Consul of Bordeaux quotes one example : "The attempt to introduce washing ma- chines received a set-back because of defective patent." The Hon. Nelson W. Aldrich, United States Senator, speaking at the fourth annual meeting of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (1900), said: "From a national standpoint it is clearly unprofitable for us to send abroad to other industrial countries our crude materials and food in exchange for manufactured articles in the production of which we have equal natural advan- tages. If our agricultural products could be first trans- formed into finished manufactured aiiiicles and then ex- ported, great saving in the cost of transportation and other expenses would result but the indirect consequences, from an industrial standpoint, would be even more important." The following fact shows that America can sell at the same time both raw materials and the machines with which to work them, and yet preserve a market for manufactures. A French engineer, M. Paul See, in a work bearing the dramatic title "The American Peril," 1903, testifies to the utility of American machinery for the manufacture of shoes and shows .how such machinery is far from being utilized to its -full capacity in France. He says : "I have just constructed two large shoe factories, one at Blois and another at Tours. All the machines are American, and fresh machinery is arriving from America every week. I was compelled to organize a special system of rapid un- loading and special hoisting apparatus simply for the pur- pose of handling the cases of American machines. More- over, the firm in question, the most important in France, prides itself on the perfection of its work. The manufac- 26 turer decided, with his eyes closed, to buy all the new ma- chines that were offered to him. But it is not everything to have the most perfect machinery. The workmen must be taught to use it properly and that is where we fail. At Blois I saw a machine which placed the uppers on the sole, making a shoe in two minutes. This is what the manufac- turer said to me : 'There is a machine cost'ing 10,000 frs. In America the work is so organized that the machine goes the whole time. I can not manage to keep it going more than an hour a day. My workmen and my foremen do not understand it. Just realize, too, the loss of interest and capital which that represents, compared with what my American competitor is able to accomplish. Nevertheless, the European shoe manufacturer must get his machinery in America or disappear.' " (P. 82.) There is room, not only for American machines but for the products of those machines. Mr. Albion Tourgee, Consul at Bordeaux, in a report of Feb. 2, 1904, calls the attention of Americans to the follow- ing conditions : "Cheapness is not everything. Appearance and adapta- bility are very often more important, and both of these may be made effective by continued persuasion and use. The Frenchman is not accustomed to such precipitancy. His mind is not made up in a minute." (Monthly Consular Re- ports, May, 1904, p. 348.) Mr. Thackara makes the following observation, which is true of all peoples everywhere : "Spasmodic attempts to create foreign trade are never successful. If our manufacturers really desire to secure out- lets abroad for their products, they should make systematic efforts, based on sound business methods, to do so. They should become conversant with the needs and mode of life of the foreigners to whom they wish to sell their wares and then furnish goods which will be acceptable." (Com- mercial Relations, 1902, v. 2, p. 172.) From the above observations of American Consuls, which could be multiplied indefinitely, it will be seen that for 27 Europe, what is most needed is a permanent establishment where European merchants could come and make their pur- chases with no more difficulty than they at present exper- ience in making purchases of French traders or manufac- turers. But before entering upon this final division of our subject, we would call the reader's attention to this important table : YEARS. Exports from the Uni- ted States to France. Total. Per cent of total exports. Exports from tlie Uni- ted States to Europe. Total. Per cent of total exports. Total exports from the United States. 1830.. 1840.. 1850.. 1851.. 1852.. 1853.. 1854.. 1855.. 1856.. 1857.. 1858.. 1859.. I860.. 1861.. 1882.. 1863-. 1864.. 1865-. 1866.. 1867.. 1868.. 1869.. 1870.. 1871 •• 1872. . 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879.. 1880.. 1881.. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885- 1886- 1887. 1888. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. 1901. 1903 1903. 1904. Dollars. 10,847,456 19,636,200 17,670,355 30,776,984 18,516,149 22,288,842 25,199,958 29,115,728 35,338,081 31,637,969 38,108,960 39,660,665 38,539,303 14,739,100 19,833,437 14,307,486 12,512,173 11,078,611 51,313,103 54,417,166 26,416,991 33,114,408 45,556,347 26,653,608 31,433,118 33,781,506 43,964,311 33,632,727 39,792,703 45,139,918 55,319,138 89,669,637 100,063,044 94,197,451 50.010,818 58,682,333 50,899,885 46,708,950 41,981,746 57,257,670 30,210,308 46,130,041 49,977,024 60,698,190 99,136,707 46,619,138 55,315,511 45,149,137 47,040,660 57,594,541 95,4.59,390 60,596,899 83,335,097 78,714,927 71,512,984 77,285,239 85,005,693 14.69 14.87 11.63 9.51 8.83 9.65 9.14 10.58 10.81 8.72 8.40 8.31 9.63 5.91 8.62 4.31 3.68 3.11 9.08 7.46 5.64 7.54 8.60 4.51 5.50 4.99 5.99 5.05 5.97 6.43 7.44 12.17 11.97 10.44 6.66 7.12 6.87 6.39 6.18 7.99 4.34 6.31 5.83 6.86 9.63 5.50 6.30 5.59 5.33 5.48 7.75 4.91 5.98 5.29 5.18 5.44 5.83 Dollars. 48,175,348 98,930,684 113,863,353 171,009,933 165,140,809 175,493,103 208,483,267 200,761,143 247,255,187 276,098,810 243,637,080 368,199,351 310,272,818 170,339,184 157,741,886 237,4.56,975 222,809,430 301,758,310 458,310,344 354,933,413 365,393,335 338,0,59,183 430,184,014 479,738,693 450,167,843 539,061,323 573,511,479 5S3,.544,921 538,332,835 ,557,344,615 597,774,959 594,189,273 719,433,788 766,113,798 600,100,498 659,867,396 583,795,463 599,240,748 541,373,039 575,300,336 549,093,503 578,902,530 683,736,397 704,798,047 860,623,150 661,976,910 700,870,833 637,927,692 673,043,753 813,385,644 973,806.345 936,603,093 1,040,167,763 1,136,604,605 1,008,033,981 1,029,256,657 1,057,901,618 65.24 74.89 74.96 78.31 78.77 76.99 75.59 72.95 76.63 76.07 74.74 76.17 ' 77.54 68.31 68.60 68.51 65.47 69.92 81.06 77.30 7662 74.71 79.35 81.19 78.71 79.61 79.87 80.17 80.81 79.38 80.39 83.50 8610 84.96 79.96 80.10 78.84 80.75 79.67 80.33 78.88 77.98 79.74 79.73 83.60 78.10 78.57 77.76 76.26 77.39 79.07 76.33 74.60 7639 72.96 73.48 72.42 Dollars. 73,849,608 133,085,946 151,998,720 218,388,011 209,658,366 230,976,157 275,796,320 275,166,846 326,964,908 363,960,682 334,644,431 356,789,462 400,122,296 249,344,913 239,938,985 332,008,583 340,293,139 365,857,344 565,426,394 461,333,736 476,903,839 439,134,529 539,619,303 590,978,560 571,989,467 677,383,074 716,819,392 665,538,391 666,336,441 701,948,087 743,646,553 736,634,834 836.638,658 903,377,346 750,542,357 833.839,403 740,613,609 743,189,756 679,534,830 716,183,211 695,9.64,607 743,401,375 8.57,838,884 884,480,810 1,030,378,148 847,665,194 892,140,573 807,538,165 883,606,938 1,050,993,566 1,231,483,330 1,227,023,303 1,394,483,083 1,487,764,991 1,381,719,401 1,420,141,679 1,460,868,185 VI. THE UNITED STATES AT THE PALAIS ROYAL. The proposal which we now submit to the commercial world of the United States has been suggested by the man- ner in which the great business houses organize their sales by means of a central agency which establishes sub-agencies in the various states. The merchants of the United States could co-operate, each preserving his individuality, for the foundation of a Central Agency in Paris, which would have branches throughout Europe. There is in the heart of Paris a great btiilding where the fashionable classes of the entire world used to meet during the latter half of the Eighteenth Century and almost up to the end of the Nineteenth. That edifice is the Palais Royal, the shops of which are all situated under a long covered gallery of i88 arcades. The two side galleries are each about 721 feet long, and the end galleries uniting them about 328 feet. This vast edifice was built after the plans of the celebrated architect, Louis, from 1781 to 1784. Elegant and well built, the interior can safely be modified in any way desired. The buildings can be devoted to any purpose. It would be possible to fit up a hotel with internal arrangements which would surpass any hotel in Paris. Sales rooms, show rooms, stores and offices, could all be installed, and all connected by the large covered galleries. The stores on the ground floor occupy an area of 5,394 square metres, or, in round numbers, about 58,127 square feet. The area of the second and third floors is 86,114 square feet for each floor. The third floor is situated over a superb upper gallery at present let out in flats to well-to-do people, and which could be much improved. The internal arrangements could be modified to 29 The walls of the Palais Royal have been so constructed as to lend themselves to all the internal modifications which the tenants desire, and we can guarantee that these buildings are in every way fit for such changes as may be found necessary. After a careful examination made by persons of un- doubted competence, we estimate that to successfully pro- mote this plan it is necessary that the rents should realize a figure of half a million dollars per year. With this rent assured, a French real estate company stands ready to place at the disposal of an American company the buildings on the three sides of the quadrangle enclosing the garden of the Palais Royal. The fourth side, the portion called the Galerie d'Orleans, is the property of the State. If we take this proposed rental of $500,000 and divide it by the number of available square feet on the three floors, i. e., 230,355, we find this amounts to $2.17 per square foot. It is hardly possible to establish a comparison of the rental value of such a group of buildings by giving the ren- tal value of buildings in the same district. However, as an indication, it may be mentioned that the stores of the Louvre, one of the galleries of which overlooks the Place du Palais Royal, cover 13,616 square feet. The stores are assessed for a rent of $182,100. Taking only the area of the shops on the ground floor of the Palais Royal, which is 58,127 feet, or $8.61 per square foot, and comparing it with the Louvre store which rents for $13.37 per square foot, we find the rent of the Louvre 55 per cent, higher. The Palais Royal is situated in the heart of Paris, less than 400 yards from the Stock Exchange, the Government Bureau of Foreign Commerce and the Paris Chamber of Commerce; near the Bank of France, the Central Post Office, the Central Telephone Station, that part of the Louvre Palace occupied by tiie Ministry of Finance, the Produce Exchange, the great Central Market, and thus stands at the intersection of traffic going east, west, north and south. An incontrovertible fact will demonstrate the dominating position of the Palais Royal in Paris. The district is bor- dered on the south by the Rue de Rivoli from Nos. 164 to 30 198; on the north by the Rue des Petits Champs; on the east by the Rue Croix des Petits Champs and the Rue Ma- rengo; on the west by the Rue St. Roch. The "Livre Foncier de Paris" (Table 3 of the 2d part), published by the Direct Taxation Commission, gives the value per square metre in 1901, whether built upon or not, and not including the buildings, of the real estate of Paris. The most valuable land in Paris is there shown to be that of the Gallion quarter (in the 2d Ward), contiguous to the Palais Royal quarter, namely, 1,041 frs. the square metre. Then comes the Palais Royal quarter, namely, 93 1 frs. the square metre. Though this quarter contains certain great establish- ments, stores and hotels, it contains also many old and nar- row streets of small residential attractiveness. The total area of Paris is 41,576,329 square metres, worth 7,224,498,000 frs., or 174 frs. the square metre. Be- tween the average price of land in Paris and that of the Palais Royal quarter there is thus a difference of 757 francs. In other words, the value of land in the Palais Royal quarter is as 535 to 100 when compared with the price of land in the rest of Paris taken as a whole. If we examine what charge this rental of a half million dollars would constitute upon the existing export trade of the United States to France, we find, in taking $80,000,000 as the average of the last three years, that it is 0.62 per cent. If this charge be limited to the export of manufactures, we find that since the export trade to France in the years 1900-1902 was $19,000,000, the percentage is 2.y2. From this we might erroneously conclude that a rental of $500,000 represents a charge of 2>< per cent, on the exist- ing export of manufactures into France. The conclusion however would be wrong for the following reasons : 1. Because in the Palais Royal it would be possible to exhibit and place on sale other articles than those which are comprised in the general term manufactures, such for instance as fruits, furs, preserved meats, bacon, lard, etc. 2. Because a portion of the Palais Royal could be trans- formed into a hotel run nnon the mn«t- mnrlf^rn Amor;<-ati 31 lines and because a portion of the buildings could be em- ployed for offices of American concerns, banks, insurance companies, perhaps an international newspaper, clubs, etc. 3. Because such a business center established in Paris would cover not only France but the whole of Central Europe and the United Kingdom. CONCLUSION. The proposal which we make is simply the application of advice so familiar in the mouths of the American Consuls. For spasmodic, irregular and isolated effort it substitutes a systematic, organized and permanent action. It will consti- tute a central agency for the trade of the United States in Europe. Buyers from all parts of Europe could come and see for themselves the nature of American products, could compare one with another and with similar European prod- ucts, obtain samples, etc. The buyers could make observa- tions and ask directly for such modifications as are neces- sary to adapt the American products to the needs and tastes of the French public, or the public of such other European countries as the buyer may represent. They would find on the spot all the information of which they might be in need. The United States would make known by this concentra- tion of their products their manufacturing capacity, not only to France but to the entire Old World. To concentrate the European trade of the United States in an edifice which would serve at the same time as an ex- hibition, a show room, a retail store, a warehouse and an inquiry office, where each merchant would preserve the in- dividual direction of his business and at the same time profit by certain general services and certain general expenses shared in common — such is the programme which we pro- pose. A development company would undertake the organiza- tion and administration of the sales rooms, show rooms, offices, etc., in such a way as to co-ordinate their common action while leaving each its autonomy. The Palais 32 Royal would become the great European Department Store of the United States. This organization while consolidating existing interests and establishing permanent interests by commercial rela- tions, would result finally in the accomplishment of that reci- procity so useful for the economic development of the United States of which Mr. McKinley spoke on the eve of his as- sassination, and which Mr. Roosevelt reiterated in his reply to the Committee of Notification of the Republican National Convention, when he said : "We believe in reciprocity with foreign nations on the terms outlined in President Mc- Kinley's last speech, which urged the extension of our foreign markets by reciprocal agreements." In a word, the Palais Royal would become a picture of the economic life of the United States for the information of Europe. Our first step was to submit the foreg-oing- project to the American Government. It has been carefully examined by both the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and we are authorized to say that they cordially sympathize with and approve the general policy which the project is designed to carry out. 33 APPENDIX. THE SUPERFICIES OF THE PALAIS ROYAL. Description of the Ground Floor Upper Floor* Property Frontag-e Rue Montpensier. Metre. No. 10-12 28.62 14 9-54 16 15.90 18 19.08 Depth Metre 9.10 Area Frontage Sq. metre. Metre. 260.44 28.63 85-86 9.54 144.69 15.90 173-63 19-08 Depth Metre. 13 Area Sq. metre 372.06 124.02 206.90 248.04 20 - - - - i.Z.T2. II5-7S 12.72 165.36 124.02 22 9-54 85.86 9-54 24 26 28 15-90 144-69 15.90 206.90 9-54 12.72 85-86 I15-7S 9-54 12.72 124.02 165.36 30 22.26 202.57 22.26 289.38 32 9-54 85.86 9-54 124.02 34 38-40 Rue de Beaujol 22.26 202.57 22.26 289.38 15-90 144-69 15-90 206.90 3S-0O ais. 318-S0 35-00 455-00 No. 17 12.72 115-75 22.26 I9;2S 428.50 IS 9-54 1575 150-25 9-54 183.62 13 9-54 150-25 9-54 183.64 II 12.72 199-96 12.72 244.86 9 9-54 150.25 9-54 183.64 7 9-54 150-25 9-54 183.64 5 9-54 150.25 9-54 183.64 3 Rue de Valois. 9-54 150-25 9-54 183.64 No. 43 22.00 9.10 200.20 22.00 13 286.00 41 12.72 " iiS-75 12.72 165.36 39 15-90 " 1 14-69 iS-90 *' 206.90 i7 9-54 " 85-86 9-54 " 124.02 33-35 19.08 " 173-63 19-08 " 248.04 31 9-54 '* 85-86 9-54 " 124.02 29 9-54 " 85-86 9-54 ** 124.02 27 19-08 " 173-63 19.08 " 248.04 25 9-54 " 85.86 9-54 124.02 23 9-54 85-86 9-54 124.02 21 9-S4 85-86 9-54 124.02 19 19.08 173-63 19-08 248.04 17 9-54 85.86 9-54 124.02 IS 12.72 115-75 12.72 165.36 13 9-54 85.86 9-54 124.02 II 15-90 144.69 IS-90 206.90 9 12.72 "5-75 12.72 165.36 7 12.72 Total... - 115-75 12.72 165.36 5,394-03 7,974-08 *There are three upper floors all of these same dimensions, with- out counting the garret floor. 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