diatmll Hnitter0itg Hibrarg Strata, JStm ^nrtt U. .S, Suttot atSPocS. The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book copy the call No. and give to the librarian. HOME USE RULES AH Books subject to recall All borrowers must regis- ter in the library to borrow books for home nise. All books must be re- turned at end of college year for inspection and , , repairs. * Limited books must be returned within the four week limit and not renewed. Students must return all - books before leaving town. Officers should arrange for the return of books wanted during their absence from town. Volumes of periodicals and of pamphlets are held in the library as much as possible. For special pur- .^ poses they are^iven out for a limited time. i Borrowers should not use their library privileges for ' the benefit of other persons. Books of special value and gift books, ' when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to re- port all cases of books marked or mutilated. Do not deface twoks by marks and writing. UF353 .A5T919"'™™">' """"^ Pfoyisional manual for ordnance field ,. 3 1924 030 759 231 olin The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030759231 967 967 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE September, 1919 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920 -S -^-^^ A 4(£>l<^4-\ War Depaetment Document No. 967 Office of The Adjutant Oeneral WAR DEPARTMENT, Washington, September 11, 1919. Tie following publication, entitled "Pro\dsional Manual for Ordnance Field Service," is published for the information and guidance of all concertied. [062.11, A. G. 0.] By ohdbk of the Secbetaby of Wak: PEYTON 0. MARCH, General, Chief of Staff. Ofhciax: P. C. HARRIS, The Adjutant General. Provisional Ordnance Field Service Manual. The Ordnance Field Service Manual is published as a provisional manual and is not to be given the authoritative force of regulations, but is to be used as a guide only, for the conduct of ordnance operations. It is based on the permanent organization of the Army as it existed before the war, and under which operations in France were conducted. When the future organization of the Army has been decided upon, the manual will be revised to conform thereto, and will be published in permanent form. The Ordnance Field Service Manual was prepared imder the supervision of Brig. Gen. J. H. Rice, Chief Ordnance Officer, American Expenditionary Forces, by the following board of officers: Col. J. K. Crain, C. A. 0. ; Lieut. Col. L. D. Booth, O. D.; Maj. K. F. Adamson, O. D.; Capt. C. Huth, O. D.; Capt. H. D. Ashton, O. D.; and Capt. R. K. Lane, O. D. A. E. F., France, May SI, 1919. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. — Organization and general duties: General duties of the Ordnance Department — ^Duties and organization in theater of operations — Purpose of ordnance inspections — Organization of ordnance companies. Chapter II. — Requisitions, issv^, and records: General classes of ordnance materiel — ^Methods of obtaining ordnance supplies in the field— rissue of ordnance supplies in the field — Controlled stores. Chapter III. — Abandoned or ca'ptured ordnance property: Salvage service — ^Responsibilities of ordnance officers — Reissue of equipment. Chapter IV. — -Maintenance and repair facilities in the theater of operations: Shops in the service of supply: Base, advance base, training centers, aerial armament centers — -Shops in the Army zone: Railway artillery, heavy mobile, small-arms center, heavy regimental, division — ^Tables of organization. Chapter V. — Duties of a camp ordnance officer: General duties — Obtaining of equipment — Relations of division ordnance officer to camp ordnance officer — Ordnance personnel of a camp — Specific duties of ordnance personnel . Chapter VI. — Duties of a division ordnance officer: General duties — Organization of personnel — Requisitions — Supplies held by M. O. R. S. — Record of issues to units — Relations between division ordnance officers and unit supply officers and shop commanders — Salvage from dressing stations — Refitting of division — Enemy ammunition. Chapter VII. — Duties of a corps ordnance officer: General duties — Personnel — Relations with division ordnance officers — ^Duties as inspector. Chapter VIII. — Duties of an Army ordnance officer: General duties — Organization — General duties of: Administration, ammunition depot, supply depot, artillery armament, small-arms armament, aircraft arma- ment, ammunition inspectors, ordnance administrative headquarters — Opera- tion of Army ammumtion parks — General supply depot — Semi-mobile small arms and machine gun center — ^Artillery tank and tractor inspectors — ^Airoraft armament service. Chapter IX. Omitted for the present. Chapter X — Duties of the railway artillery ordnance officer: Scope of railway artillery — General duties — Organization: Supply depots, general supplies, artillery, ammunition — Armament service: Inspection, maintenance. Chapter XI. — Ammunition supply in the Army area: General discussion — Sources of supply — Control of supply — "Day of fire" — Functions of: Army staff, corps staff, division staff — Employment of transpor- tation — Parks and dumps. Chapter XII. — Organization and operation of the office of the Chief Ordnance officer — Theater of operations: General duties^jeneral duties of: Executive assistant, technical assistants, Planning Division, Administrative Division, Personnel Division, Aircraft Armament Division, Artillery Division, Motor Equipment Division, Small Arms and Trench Warfare Division, Ammunition Division, Maintenance Division, Supply, Storage and Traffic Division. Chapter XlII. — Organization and operation of a base general supply ordnance depot: Organization— General duties of: Administration, requisition and procurement, persoimel, transportation, storehouse, shops, labor, general — Organization of personnel — Operation of depot — ^Layout of depot. Chapter XIV. — Organization and operation of a base ammunition ordnance depot: Organization — General duties of: Administration, requisitions, personnel, opera- tions (storehouse, transportation, labor, guard, motor transportation, general) — Operation of the depot — ^Ammunition receipt, storage and issue — ^Maintenance. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter XV. — Organization and operation of an ordnance office at the port of debar- kation: Scope of base port section — Base port ordnance officer — Operations at a base port — Storage and preservation on docks — Shipment of stores — Base port ordnance depot — Organization of personnel. Chapter XVI. — Ordnance schools: Scope of schools in France — ^Types of schools — Details of instruction. APPENDIX I: Standing orders relative to ammunition supply in Second Army, American Expeditionary Forces. Appendix II: Safety regulations for Army parks, corps and divisional dumps. Appendix III: List of ordnance articles for an Army general supply depot for an army of 250,000 men. PROVISIONAL ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE MANUAL. CHAPTER I. ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL DTTTIES. Army Regulations 1913 states as follows: The Chief of Ordnance of the Army is charged with the duty of pbocuring, by purchase or manufacture, and distributing the necessary ordnance and ordnance stores for the Army (par. 1511). Ordnance and ordnance stores include cannon and artillery vehicles, and equipments; apparatus and machines for the service and maneuver of artillery; small arms, ammi&itiofa and accouterments; horse equipments and harness for Field Artillery, and horse equipments for Cavalry and other mounted men; tools, machinery and materials for the Ordnance service; and all property of whatever nature supplied to the Military Establishment by the Ordnance Depart- ment (par. 1512). The operations in the A. E. F. in France were conducted in accordance with these paragraphs. The principal duties of the Ordnance Department in the theater of operations of one or more armies in the field are supply and maintenance. To these must be added the ordnance technical and engineering functions which are necessary in assisting supply and maintenance, and for furnishing the office of the Chief of Ordnance, or other similar agency, technical information necessary for the correction of defects and improvements in design. The organization necessary for this purpose, as deduced from experience in the war with Germany of 1917-18, includes a central office of control and direction (that of the chief ordnance officer); base port organizations, if there be overseas shipments; a series of base port depots for general supplies and for ammunition; a series of intermediate depots for general supplies and for ammunition, and a series of advance storehouses for general supplies and for ammunition. There will normally also be a chain of shops for maintenance purposes, including at least one group with capacity for relining guns, rebuilding carriages, etc. The above aU pertain to the service of supply in the area in rear of the fighting sector. In addition there is the service in the area of the armies in active operation, which includes, for each army, a central office of control (that of the army ordnance officer), an army general supply ordnance depot with the requisite number of branches, the necessary number of ammunition parks and dumps and the system of shops in the army area which are used for both maintenance and supply. There are also the organizations of the corps ordnance officer and the division ordnance officer. In the supply woTk, it is the duty of the office of the chief ordnance officer to deter- mine from information as to troops obtained from the General Staff, requirements of ordnance and ordnance stores of aU classes required for the armies in the field and to submit timely requisitions so as to insure that supplies are available to fill requisi- tions made for the base depots. The operations of all of the depots within the serv- ice of supply are controlled from the office of the chief ordnance officer, although local requisitions may be filled from any depot under general authority. The base depots are the receiving and distributing points of all incoming stores and also serve the troops in the vicinity. Shipments may, however, be consigned direct to an 7 8 PKOVISIOHAX, MANtTAL FOR OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. intermediate or advance depots where this will save handling. The intermediate depots perform in their territories functions similar to the base depots, and unless there be considerable length of line of communications they may not be required. The situation frequently arises in which these latter depots serve the fighting front directly. The advance depots normally keep on hand a stock suflBicient for but 15 days' supply for the troops they serve; they are located within easy distance of the front lines and they are not depots of storage. The principal shipments from all of the depots referred to above are in bulk to other depots except in the case of original equipment or considerable reequipment of large forces. Normally shipments from advance depots go to the army depots which are charged with the duty of ordinary replacements and supply of troops on the fighting line. The office of the chief ordnance officer also controls the shop operations and provides for the necessary equipment and personnel. Should there be training centers within the theater of operations, each is normally provided with a small shop for purposes of maintenance of armament and equipment. • Should the war be of a type in which movement is not very rapid, there would normally be a group of shops in the inter- mediate section of considerable size, capacity and variety of activities. These would be capable of relining guns, rebuilding jgun carriages, overhauling and repairing small arms and machine guns, reloading ammunition, and taking care of salvage. These shops furnish trained personnel and material for other ordnance shops in the service of supply, and also for the mobile ordnance repair shops and other shops in the army area. In the Army, the division mobile ordnance repair shops do all of the work for which their capacity fits them, as do the heavy artillery regimental shops. Any work which can not be done in these shops is passed on to the heavy mobile ordnance repair shop or goes back to a shop in the area of the service of supply. Should division or heavy artillery regimental shops need spare parts or material they draw upon the heavy mobile ordnance repair shop which, in turn, draws on the depots in the rear. A detailed descriptioa is given hereinafter in regard to the duties and operation of the various offices and facilities referred to above. Ordnance officers enumerated above are authorized to correspond directly with the ordnance officer of the next higher unit on departmental and technical matters pro- vided they do not touch upon policies of the units to which they belong. Other com- munication must be forwarded through the commanding officer of the unit. On routine matters of supply, division ordnance officers are authorized to correspond directly with the Army ordnance officer. Each ordnance officer named above has general supervision over all ordnance personnel of the smaller units, but orders concerning such personnel must be issued by the proper authority at the respective headquarters. It is especially necessary that technical information be distributed by each of the above named ordnance officers through the ordnance officers of the smaller units. Likewise an .ordnance officer of a smaller unit should promptly transmit directly, through the ordnance officer of the next higher unit, all technical information that may come to his notice. He should also submit through his immediate superior, recommendations looking toward the improvement of the supply and character of material, methods of supply, and character of personnel. Before visiting any organization for the purpose of making an inspection, the inspect- ing officer should inform the commanding officer of the organization to which the unit belongs that he vrill make the inspection, the date that he will reach the unit, and the authority under which he is acting. When practicable the inspector should report in person to the headquarters of the organization. He may, when the interests of tlie service demand, make his report by telephone, proceeding direct to the unit to be inspected. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 9 For example, an inspector from Army headquarters visiting a division should report at division headquarters in person or by telephone. Also he should inform the office of the division ordnance officer so that the latter will be informed of "what is taking place in his division and may accompany the inspector if he desires. Ordnance officers vrho are responsible for the supply of ordnance materiel and equipment to troops must not confine their activities to their office, assuming that the necessary requisitions are being submitted. It shall be their duty to visit units to establish the proper cooperation and to assure themselves that the ordnance service is satisfactory, and to assist in foreseeing and meeting the needs of organizations. While the detailed information of the needs of units must necessarily be furnished by those units, it is the personal duty of every ordnance supply officer to insure that all required supplies are furnished regardless of theoretical responsibility. Standard Tables of Organization for two basic units, the Ordnance Depot Company and the Ordnance Ammunition Company, are provided for the operation of all general supply depots and of all corps ammunition dumps. Army ammunition p»rks and service of supply depots in addition to that personnel stipulated as permanent. Wherever the personnel required, excluding that stipulated as permanent, does not agree with that as provided in these two tables, such companies or platoons of companies are utilized to bring the organization to the required strength. Personnel for other ordnance activities is provided by special Tables of Organization. All correspondence of ordnance officers shall be filed according to the Dewey deci- mal system. Table No. 242 (War). — Ordnance ammunition company.* [Series C] 1 2 3 4 5 1 Units. Head- quarters detach- ment. One platoon. Four platoons. Total. 9 Captain 1 1 ^ First lifint^nant. 1 2 2 2 ^ Rfir.nTi(i lifintfiTiant. ... 1 3 5 2 1 4 OfflTifl.Tir^ Sp.fgpjint ft • 1 1 1 2 5 1 6 25 4 4 8 20 4 20 100 d5 7 Sergeant first class. l>4 S 1>2 = 1 ■ilO q Corporal d21 10 Cook . . ■• -- 4 11 20 19 Private. 100 n i 6 40 41 160 164 rl64 14 15 2 1 «2 16 Bl REMARKS. * First sergeant. *» Mess and supply o Company clerl ^ Trained in care and handling of all ammunition. « Armed witli rifles during training period, other- wise to be armed with rifles or pistols only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. B To be furnished when operating in the army am- munition parks. * Assigned t6 army ammunition parks and corps ammunition dmnjjs on basis of 1 company per 1 In- fantry combat division and 3 additional per Army corps. 10 PRO-VISIONAIi MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Table No. 304 — (Wak). — Ordnance depot company. 1 2 3 i 5 1 Units. Head- quarters equip- ment. One platoon. Foiu- platoons. Total. ? 1 1 8 1 • 2 »2 2 4 el 5 2 1 4 6 Ordnance sergeant . e, » 1 2 1 i 7 1 8 17 i>8 116 «t28 4 32 68 g 7 Sergeant, first class 4 R d 2 e 1 8 q in Cooi 11 Private, first class . . 32 1? Private 68 Total enlisted^ n 4 6 40 41 160 164 '164 170 14 Aggregate REMARKS. • Platoon connnander. b Administration. " First sergeant. ^ 1 supply sergeant, 1 mess sergeant. • Company clerk. ' Depot supply. 8 4 stenographers. '' 2 carpenters. 1 22 storehouse assistants. ' Armed with rifles during training period. CHAPTEE II. BEQtriSITIONS, ISStTES, AND RECORDS. The supply of ordnance materiel in the field is divided into four general classes: A. Artillery fire-control instruments, general supplies, such as personal equip- ment, horse equipment, including harness, and in general all items not included in classes B, C, and D. B. Artillery, artillery spare parts and accessories therefor; tractors, spare parts for tractors; tanks, spare parts for tanks, excepting fire-control instru- ments and accessories. C. Machine guns, small arms, automatic weapons; 37-mm. guns, trench mor- tars, and other special weapons for infantry, together with spare parts and accessories therefor. D. Aircraft armament supplies. Units are furnished with lists giving the names of items falling under each class. Items of class A will normally be issued on requisition. In special cases, such as initial equipment and abnormal replacements, items falling in class B and class C will also be obtained by requisition. The source of supply of each class of materiel will usually be separate from the source of supply of each of the other classes. There- fore it is essential that each requisition contain items falling in only one class. The method of obtaining supplies in general is as follows: Within a division requisitions are submitted in duplicate, if practicable, after approval by organization conunander, to the division ordnance office. In that office these requisitions are checked, corrected when necessary, and consolidated for sub- mission direct to the designated Army supply depot. During combat requisitions need not be consolidated in the division ordnance office, but may be forwarded im- mediately upon receipt. The above is the normal method. The division commander, in order to exercise a closer supervision over the supply, may prescribe that the requisitions pass through that section of the general staff of the division which is charged with the supervision of supply. A requisition blank suitable for all supply departments should be issued to all units for making their requests, but no requests will be refused in the field because of the failure to use a particular form. It must be understood that the proper equipment of the troops is the first consideration. If a supply officer receives a requisition for supplies which he has reasons for believ- ing are not needed, or are being asked for in an excessive amount, the issue should be approved and a report made at once to the next higher authority unless the report can be made and the question settled before the issue is made. Each organization should date its requisitions, give it a fractional number, the numerator being the designation of the unit and the denominator the serial number of the requisition. The items on each requisition should be given a serial number and the items desired should be clearly and fully specified. The method outlined in the above paragraph should be followed by the division ordnance officer in making up his requisitions for the depot, except the numerator of the fraction is the number of the division. The requisitions should be submitted to the depot in duplicate, if practicable. The division ordnance officer should use particular care to see that no ambiguous request goes forward to the depot. 11 12 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Upon receipt of a requisition at the Army supply depot the issues to be made upon such requisition are determined and an issue order made in favor of the proper supply officer covering the items to be issued. This supply officer is then notified by the depot either by telegraph, telephone, or courier of the items covered by such order which is the authority for the supply officer to draw them from the depot. These items ma,y be shipped to the railhead of the organization by rail transporta- tion. The Army supply depot should maintain an inability record for the purpose of notifying units when unfilled items on old requisitions are available in the depot. The army supply depot wiU not carry "dues out" upon any requisition and the supply officer of the organization may requisition for the unfilled items on any requisi- tion after 10 days have elapsed since receipt by him of information as to the items that he will receive upon the requisition. The procedure in the case of corps or army troops is the same as that outlined above, substituting corps ordnance officer and army ordnance officer, respectively, for the divi- sion ordnance officer, and with the exception that the requisitions for corps and army troops are not consolidated. At any time any items may be placed in the class of "controlled stores" by the army commander or higher authority. In such cases instructions will be given to govern the issuing of such controlled stores. For items of classes B and C, the division mobile ordnance repair shop carries a specified reserve stock for replacements. To obtain the replacement of a complete item or of any spare part or accessories, the unit concerned will send to the division mobile ordnance repair shop the broken or worn-out article, if possible, and this is sufficient authority for the mobile shop to issue the new article as replacement. If the broken or worn-out article can not be returned to the shop then the unit concerned should furnish a written statement, it possible, of a commissioned officer, reciting the need for the article and the reason why the missing part can not be pro- duced. This statement is sufficient warrant for the shop to make the issue. The mobile ordnance repair shops will replenish their stock of supplies by calls upon the heavy mobile ordnance repair shop which is the next echelon in the system of supplies. The heavy mobile ordnance repair shops in turn maintain their stock by demands upon the base or advance, depots forming the next echelon in the line of supply. The division mobile ordnance repair shops make periodical reports to the heavy mobile ordnance repair shops showing the items expended in making issues and repairs. The reports serve as requisitions upon the heavy shops for replacement of items to the division shops. Items desired, not covered by these reports, are made the subject of special requisition. No approval is necessary upon requisitions of the division shops. Such corps or army artillery organizations as possess their own repair facilities function with respect to the heavy shops in the same maimer as the division shop. Units whose organization does not include a mobile ordnance repair shop will be assigned to a particular shop for service. The particular shop will be designated by army headquarters upon the recommendation of the army ordnance officer. The method of obtaining aircraft ordnance supplies is discussed in the article on the aircraft armament organization. CHAPTER ni. ABANDONED OB, CAPTTTHED ORDNANCE PROPERTY. AMERICAN WAB MATERIAL. In field operations it has been found that considerable waste in ordnance material occurs due to the Idss of equipment in the hands of casualties, etc. The salvage service is designed to take care of this property, but the following methods are pre- scribed for the reason that the system of ordnance supply will be greatly benefited and the salvage service will be assisted by the carrying out of these instructions. The ordnance supply depots of the army and all division ordnance ofiicers should pay particular attention to the reissue of serviceable ordnance supplies that may be available from salvage service in the army area. During combat the division ordnance oflicer will place a detail at the principal dressing stations for the pvu^ose of caring for the equipment that accumulates there, until such time as this equipment may be returned to the proper supply depots. The army ordnance officer will maintain liaison with hospitals in the army area for the purpose of obtaining ordnance eqmpment brought there by sick or wounded. If the various shops of the army area have more work than they can expeditiously complete, the unserviceable ordnance equipment should be shipped to the proper salvage depot. Care must be taken not to reissue helmets and personal equipment that has been subjected to gas, until the same has been disinfected. Army and division ordnance officers should cause frequent inspections to be made of salvage dumps with a- view to insure the proper handling by the salvage service of all optical instruments, arms, etc. Also, these inspections will disclose certain serviceable equipment that need not be retvuned to the base salvage plant, -and this equipment, by arrangement with the proper salvage officer, may be obtained for imme- diate reissue to troops. ENEMY WAR MATERIAL. The handUng of captured enemy material is the function of the salvage service, but, where artillery, machine guns, and other material are in condition to be used by our troops and are desired by them, arrangements should be made with the proper salvage officer to withdraw these items from salvage and place them in service. Where delicate instruments that require special care are in the hands of salvage and are desired for engineering purposes, they should be obtained from the salvage service and disposed of as directed by the chief ordnance officer of the theater of operations. 13 CHAPTER IV. OUTLINE OP RBPAIB AND MAINTENANCE FACILITIES IN THE THEATER OP OPERATIONS. The repair and maintenance facilities of the ordnance department in the theater of operations consist of two general divisions; one, those of a permanent or semi- permanent natiire in the service of supply, the other, those of a mobile or semimobile nature assigned to organizations in the army area serving specific units or areas. SHOPS IN THE SERVICE OP SUPPLY. The repair and maintenance facilities in the service of supply consist of the follow- ing units: (a) Base ordnance repair shop— one in the theater of operations. (6) Advance base ordnance repair shop — one for each group of armies. (c) Ordnance repair shops at training centers — one H. A. R. M. 0. R. Shop under the camp ordnance officer at each training center. (d) Ordnance equipment and installation shops at aerial armament centers — one shop under each ordnance armament officer of aerial aimament center. Shops under (a) and (5) are controlled from the office of the chief ordnance officer. The commanding officers of shops (c) and (d) are under the command of the officers commanding the centers, but for the technical supervision and supply the chief ordnance officer is responsible. These shops are housed in semipermanent structures and their machine tool equip- ment and general shop facilities are designated to take care of repairs and maintenance of every class of ordnance property used by the troops. The base ordnance repair shop (a) functions in a manner similar to the arsenals in the United States and combines in one shop all of the facilities for maintenance and repair of every class of material coming under the control of the ordnance department in the theater of operations. The size of the shop (personnel and equipment) depends upon the magnitude of the forces assigned to the theater of operations and the geographical location of the latter in relation to established maintenance facilities in the United States. In general, the base ordnance repair shop will be organized into departments as follows: 1. Administration department — (a) Correspondence division. (6) Time and cost division. (c) Manufacturing stores division. (d) Financial division. (e) Printing division. 2. Military department — (a) Protection division. (6) PeiBonnel division. (c) Supply division. (d) Medical division. 14 PEO VISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 15 3. Shops department — (a) Engineering division. (b) Tank and tractor repair division. (c) Foundry and forge division. (d) Cannon repair division. («) Carriage repair division (/) Small arms repair division. {g) Web equipment division. (7i) Leather equipment division, (i) Wood working division. 4. Power and construction department — (a) Construction and maintenance division. (6) Power division. 5. Beloading department. (a) Administration division (6) Military division. (c) Stores division. (d) Shop division. (e) Engineering division. The advance base ordnance repair shop (b), while functioning in the service of supply, will be so located as to reduce to a minimum the problems of transportation. ' This shop is designed to serve approximately 20 combat divisions. It takes care of such repairs as can not be done by the smaller shops located in the army areas, and for repairs it is the echelon between these smaller shops and the large base shop. At- tached is a table of organization for such a shop. The ordnance repair shop at each training center (c) consists of a complete heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop which is under the command of the camp ordnance officer. This shop is provided for the maintenance and repair of ordnance property belonging to the troops undergoing training at the center and for that held by the camp ordnance officer for issue to the troops. Attached is a table of organization for the heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop. An ordnance equipment and installation shop (d) is provided for each aerial armament center for the purpose of arming, equipping, and testing ordnance matdriel for air- planes. The commanding officer of the shop is the armament officer of the center, and he is responsible to the commanding officer of the center, but to the chief ordnance officer for the technical operation of the shop. Attached is a table of organization which is being recommended for this shop. SHOPS IN THE ZONE OF THE ARMIES. The repair and maintenance facilities of the ordnance department in tne zone Oi une armies consist of the following units: (e) Railway artillery ordnance repair shops — one for each camp of the Rail- way Artillery Reserve. (J) Heavy mobile ordnance repair shops — units provided in zone of the armies on basis of one to four combat divisions. (g) Army semimobile small arms and machine gun center shops. (h) Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops — one for each regiment of Army or Corps Heavy Artillery. (i) Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops — one for 45 tanks. (j) Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops — one section of a shop for each antiaircraft sector of Army Artillery. (h) Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops — two sections for each regiment of 75-mm. Field Artillery carried on motor trucks. 16 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOBTORDNANCETlELD SERVICE. (Z) Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shopa— one section of a shop for 240-mm. Trench Mortar Battalion (Corps Artillery). . (to) One artillery repair truck is assigned to each group of the air service, (n) Division mobile ordnance repair shops — one for each combat division. A railway artillery ordnance repair shop (e) is provided for each camp of the Rail- way Artillery Reserve for the maintenance and repair of all railway artillery of the center under which it is operating. The commanding officer of the shop is under the command of the railway artillery armament officer. The table of organization for the shop is attached. Supplies required are obtained from the supply depot of the Railway Artillery Reserve, which in turn requisitions for supplies on the base supply depots. The heavy mobile ordnance repair shops (/) are conveniently located in the zone of the army on the basis of one shop to four combat divisions. The function of this shop is to maintain and repair artillery materiel, trench mortars, tractors, tanks, etc., which can not be repaired by division mobile ordnance repair shops, heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance shops and their subsidiary sections; it also serves as a supply center for artillery guns and carriages, tractors, tanks, and spare parts for artillery materiel, trench mortar mat^el, tractors, tanks, etc., required by the divi- sion and heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops. The above three classes of shops procure other ordnance supplies from the nearest army general supply depots. The heavy shop requisitions on the army ordnance officer for all shop supplies and spare parts, the requisitions being forwarded through the General Staff to the regu- lating officer. The commanding officer of this shop is responsible to the Army ordnance officer for its efficient operation. This is an army ordnance repair and supply unit and has no connection whatever with the corps. The table of organization for the shop is attached. Semimohile small arms and machine gun center shop (g) is located at a suitable place in the zone of the army. The personnel is shown on Table of Organization No. — , page 59. The function of this shop is to maintain and repair small arms, machine guns and mounts and like materiel which can not be handled by division mobile ordnance repair shops and heavy artillery regimental mobile ordance repair shops; it also serves as a supply center for small arms, machine guns, and spare parts therefor, and for special tools required in the repair of small arms and machine guns. This shop requisitions on the army ordnance officer (through the commanding officer of the center) for all shop supplies and spare parts. The commanding officer of the shop is responsible to th^ commanding officer of the small arms and machine-gun center for the efficient operation of the shop. This shop is a part of the entire center, which, being an army activity, has no connection with the corps. As the name indicates this shop is semimobile, the repair facilities being housed in a building which is capable of being knocked down in a short time, loaded with the group men on motor trucks, and transported to any new location deemed necessary. The heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops, or sections thereof, are assigned as shownby (h), (i), (j), (k), and (Z), above, to Army and corps heavy artUlery regiments; to tank corps companies; to antiaircraft artillery units, and to battalions of heavy trench mortars. It is the function of these repair units to repair and main- tain the equipment of the organization to which they are assigned. They also act as supply depots for spare parts for the equipment of the organization which they are servii^. When serving in the zone of the armies the repair units obtain from the nearest heavy mobile ordnance repair shop the needed shop supplies and spare parts for artillery materiel, for tanks, and for tractors, and spare parts for the repair PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 17 of automatic and small arms from the small arms and machine-gun center. Repairs which cannot be made by these shops will be made by the nearest heavy mobile ordnance repair shop or by the small arms and machine-gun center. The senior officer of these repair units is under the command of the commanding officer of the organization which they are serving. The Army ordnance officer is responsible for "the technical supervision of these shops. The table of organization for the heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop is attached. One aTtillery repair truck (m) is assigned to each group headquarters of the air service. The group armament officer is responsible to the army ordnance officer for the technical operation of the shop. Spare parts needed for repairs will be drawn from the aerial armament centers and the repair work which cannot be done at the group will be made at the center. The division mohile ordnance repair shop (n) is designed and equipped to repair and maintain every class of ordnance property in a division. Artillery repair section of the shop may operate with the artillery brigade, leavii^ small arms and headquarters sections to operate separately. Provision has been made, however, to permit of the separation of the small arms repair section into two groups, one to each of the Infantry brigades, if such a plan be deemed necessary. Any repair work that cannot be done by this shop will be taken to the heavy mobile ordnance repair shop in the case of artillery materiel, trench mortar materiel, and tractor repairs; or to the small arms and machine-gun center in the case of automatic and small arms and machine repairs. The commanding officer of the shop is under the command of the division ordnance officer. The Army ordnance officer is responsible for the technical supervision of the shop. The heavy mobile ordnance repair shop, the division mobile ordnance repair shop, and the heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop, are strictly mobile units, their machine tools are permanently mounted on trucks or tractors, and each shop unit is capable of ready movement. All equipment and persoimel for the shops referred to in this chapter are furnished by the ordnance department. The senior ordnance officer assigned to each shop will be in command of the shop and is held directly responsible for the equipment of the shop and for the work of the personnel. 138968°— 20 2 18 EROVISIOIJAIi MASfUAIi FOB OKDNANCB FIELD SEBVIOB. Table No. — . — Organization table far advance hose ordnance repair shop. Units. Head- quarters. Instru- ment shop. Artillery- park, tractor, and general shop. Small and au- tomatic arms shop. Total. Major Captain First lieutenant ... Second lieutenant. Total commissioned. . Ordnance sergeant . . . Sergeant, first class.. . Sergeant of ordnance. Corporal of ordnance. Cook Private, first class Private Total enlisted.. Aggregate Cars, motor, 7-passenger Cars, motor, 5-passenger Cars, motor, reconnaissance. Motorcycles, with side cars. . Trucks, cargo Trucks, light, delivery Tractors • 1 bl d2 1 1 i>8 11 olO ■ 24 "14 'i bbis « 1 «1 = 1 'i B4 9 p7 «7 i29 -6 168 120 13 114 165 14 104 223 717 2 2 2 2 (f6 4 REMARKS. « Commanding officer. •> General superintendent. ° Superintendents^)! shop groups. d 1 assistant to general supenntendent, 1 per- sonnel officer. ' Shop group officers. f Mess officer and assistant personnel officer. E Assistant shop group officers. b First sergeant; assistant first sergeant; supply sergeant; mess sergeant; chief clerk, headquarters; chief clerk, personnel; chief draftsman; garage foreman. j 3 foremen, 3 instrument makers, and 3 watch- makers. i 4 group foremen, 13 foremen, 4 assistant foremen, 1 chemist, 1 metallurgist, 1 electrician, 2 toolmakers, 1 blacksmith, 1 heat treater, 1 stenographer. ' 4 foremen, 12 subforemen, 1 stenographer. 1 Assistant mess sergeant. m 3 instrument makers, 3 watchmakers. ■> 1 subforeman, 1 patternmaker, 2 machinists, 2 artillery repairmen. 1 photographer, 1 draftsman, 4 clerks, 2 sten- ographers, 2 automechanics. p 3 instrument makers, 1 clerk, 3 watchmakers. 1 2 molders, 1 core-maker, 11 machinists, 3 black- smiths, 6 clerks, 4 toolmakers, 2 oxyacetylene welders, 9 electricians, 8 artillery repairmen, 1 Tulcanizer, 3 tank repairmen, 1 automechanio, 1 wheelwright, 4 carpenters, 1 roofer, 1 rigger, 1 bricklayer, 1 pliunber, 1 painter, 1 structural steel worker, 1 sheet metal worker, 1 rubber worker, 1 canvas worker, 2 leather workers. ' 26 armorers, 3 clerks. ■ 9 typists, 1 clerk, 2 draftsmen, 12 chauffeurs. ' 1 typist, 3 instrument makers, 3 watchmakers. "2 moulders, 5 blacksmiths, 6 typists, 2 oxy- acetylene welders, 16 machinists, 3 electricians, 7 storekeepers, 12 artillery repairmen, 5 tractor mechanics, 2 vuloanizers, 7 carpenters, 1 auto mechanic, 1 plumber, 4 painters, 1 concrete worker, 1 sheet metal worker, 1 canvas worker, 2 leather workers. " 52 armorers, 4 typists. w 2 as bakers and 4 with experience as meat- cutters. » 2 clerks, 1 tracer, 1 apprentice photographer. y 3 apprentice instrument makeis, 3 apprentice watchmakers. '2 blacksmiths, third class; 2 oxyacetylene welders, third class; 2 drill press operators, first class; 1 oiler and belt man; 3 bench hands, third class; 1 tool crib man; 2 chaufleurs; 2 riggers; 2 car- penters, third ela.ss; 10 machinery assemblers, second class, for artillery repairs; 6 tractor repair men, third class. aa 61 apprentice mechanics with experience on assembly work for small arms and machine-gun repairs. bb 3 orderlies; 1 blue printer; 1 tracer; 2 tailors; 2 cobbleis; 2 barbers; 4 helpers, garage. "« 1 orderly. dd 5 orderlies; 3 helpers, foundry; 10 helpers, blacksmiths; 4 helpers, oxyacetylene welders; 3 drill press operators, second class; 7 helpers, machinist; 2 apprentice electricians; 7 helpers, supply room; 16 machinery assemblers, third class, for artillery repairs; 14 apprentice automechanics; 5 aDprentiee carpenters; 6 helpers, construction; 2 helpeiB, painters; 1 canvas worker, third class; 2 leather workers, third class. «« 3 orderlies, 117 apprentice machinists or helpers for small arms and machine gtms repair. " 6 ton. en 1 5-ton, 1 10-ton, 1 20-ton. PKOVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 19 Table No. — (Wab). — Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop. [Tables of organization, series B, corps troops, Nov. 1, 1918.] 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Units Head- quarters. First section. Second section. Third section. Total shop. ? OaptAiTi . ■ 1 1 3 1-1 4 bl bl T^Otal nunanding officer of section. " First sergeant of shop and foreman of section. d First sergeant of section and foreman of section, e 1 machinist, 1 blacksmith, f 1 automechamc, 1 oxyacetylene welder, 1 tinner. b 1 machinist, 1 blacksmith, 1 automechamc, 1 oxyacetylene welder. ' Clerk typist. I" Helpers. n To be hauled by 1 cargo truck from any section. ° Shop organized so that section may be detached to serve with a battalion operating separately. p To be armed with pistols or rifles when deemed necessary by commanding officer. 20 PEO VISIONAL, MANUAL, FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. Table No. — . Ordnance equipment and installation shop for aerial armament center. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Units. Head- quarters. Maehlne- gun section. Equip- ment and installa- tion section. Machine- shop section. Inspec- tion section. Total. 1 Captain »1 1 3 1 2 bl <^1 ■11 • 1 3 4 1 '1 cl il hi i 2 kS 16 1 1 2 S Ordnance sergeant S / n>l i »13 p7 P20 118 ml \ v5 26 9 fi Sergeant, first class ^ .1 7 Sergeant Pl6 il5 "8 x6 X Corporal «1 41 2 21 31 9 Cook 10 Privates, first class y6 •11 ■■9 • 14 ys 1) Privates Total enlisted 12 15 16 76 77 60 61 2 2 22 24 175 180 13 Aggregate Artillery repair trucks 14 1 iS Cars, S-passenger 1 3 1 1 16 Motorcycle and side cars 1 1 17 Truck, cargo 18 Truck, light delivery H» Note.— Transportation furnished by Air Service. REMARKS. • Armament olDcer. i> Superintendent machine-gun section. " Superintendent of equipment and installation section. <■ Inspection ot installation. • Inspection of test firing. ' First sergeant. e Mess sergeant. i> Clerk. 1 Stenographer. i Cook ' Laborers. »■ General foreman. » Group foreman. p Mechanics. 1 Assistant mechanics. ' Mechanics' helpers. " Laborers. • Machinist and toohnaker. u Assistant machinist. V Machinist, first class. w Mechanics. X Assistant mechanics. y Mechanics' helpers. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 21 Table No. — (War). — Railway artillery ordnance repair shop {one unit for each "Camp of me railway artillery reserve"). Units. Head- quarters. Shop section. Total. Major Captain Viist lieutenant First lieutenant . . . Second lieutenant. Second lieutenant. Total commissioned. . Ordnance sergeants Corporals Coo£s Privates, 1st class . Privates Total enlisted. Car, motor, 5-passenger Trucks, artillery repair Trucks, cai^o, 3:tan Trucks, delivery, IJ-ton Tractor, caterpillar, 10-ton. Trailer, artillery repair Motorcycles, with side car. . • 1 bl «1 ■1 f 1 '21 "SO 147 '13 119 122 25 31 48 16 131 Pl37 REMARKS. » Railway artillery maintenance ofBcer. !> Assistant railway artillery maintenance officer and shop officer. « Assistant railway artillery maintenance officer and assistant shop officer. d Field maintenance service officer. e Instrument repair officer. ' Erection and assembly service officer. « Chief clerk. i> 1 instrument repair foreman, 1 motor vehicle repair foreman, 1 machinist foreman, 1 artillery repair foreman, 1 woodworking foreman, 1 black- smith foreman, 1 assembly foreman, 1 maintenance service foreman. i 1 Clerk-stenographer, 3 draftsmen. k 2 instrument repairmen, 6 general machinists, 3 blacksmiths (forgemen), 6 artillery repairmen, 2 electricians, 2 oxyacetylene welders. " Clerk-typist. = 6 general machinists, 3 blacksmiths (torgemen), 6 artillery repairmen, 3 woodworkers, 6maintenance service men, 2 electricians, 2 automechanips, 2 plumber-coppersmiths. o Office orderly. p To be armed with pistols or rifles only when deemed necessary by commanding officer. o 4 machinists' helpers, 6 blacksmiths' helpers, 12 artillery repairmen, 3 woodworking helpers, 12 maintenance service helpers, 4 electricians' helpers, 6 chauffeur mechanics. ' Laborers. 22 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Table No. 22S.— Heavy tiwbUe ordnance repair shop {war). {Personnel from Ordnance Department.) Note. — ^Heavy mobile ordnance repair shops to be located in zone of the Army on basis of one shop to four combat divisions. Tables ol organization, series C, Aimy troops, Dec. 1, 1918. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Units. Head- quarters. First section. Second section. Third section. Total shop. •> Major. . «1 1 1 1 1 1 4 -1 «1 2 5 dl ■^1 2 T'^tf^l f otHTnifwionp'i 6 3 1 1 1 6 7 • 1 il kl M >8 tl 14 R Sergeants, first class . . 1 Sergeants »24 K15 • 4 • 25 29 in »2 42 n Cooks 4 «4 »8 4 n Privates, flist class AB23 w9 ABl3 '5 4 36 13 43 Total enlisted 14 19 22 84 85 59 80 12 13 174 15 Aggregate c ISO Cars, motor, 5-passenger(MTC)... . ... ifi 1 1 1 17 Motorcycles with sidecars (MTC) 2 2 1 2 1 6 18 Trucks, light delivery (MTC1 2 1Q Trucks, delivery li ton (MTC) 1 ?n Trucks, cargo, 2-ton (MTC) 2 12 1 6 1 3 ■'I Trucks, cargo, 3-ton (MTC) 18 w. 1 w Kitchen, rolling, trail (QMC) 1 1 1 ?4 1 ?5 Trailers, generator, (OD) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Sfi Trailers, milling machine (OD) 1 27 Trailers, shaper and drill press (OD) 1 ?8 TraUeis-lathe(OD) W Trailer, bar and sheet metal ( OD) 1 an Trailer, tool (OD) 31 Trailer, 75-nim or 3-inch (OD) 1 as Trailer, caterpillar ( OD) 1 1 1 .w Trailer, caterpillar 5-ton (OD) REMARKS. « Commanding officer o£ shop. b Assistant to commanding officer and shop superintendent. « Section superintendent. d Personnel officer. " First sergeant. ' Foreman, 2 automcohanics. bTwo foremen, 1 blacksmith, 1 oxyacetylene welder, 1 electrician, 1 instrument repairman, 2 toolmakers. ^ Storekeeper. ■ Supply sergeant. It Clerk. ™ 12 auto mechanics, 12 artillery repair mechanics. » 1 Wheelwright, 1 blacksmith, 2 electricians. p 10 automechanics, 5 machinists. ' 5 machinists, 1 oxyacetylene welder, 14 machine tool operators, 2 wheelwrights, 1 instrument repair- man, 2 leather-canvas workers. n 1 storekeeper, 1 stock clerk. ' 2 clerks-typists, 2 chauffeurs-mechanics. V 6 machinists, 12 automechanics. " 3 carpenters, 2 blacksmith's helpers, 4 instru- ment repairmen. • Kitchen police. ^ Helpers. » Helpers trained as chauffeurs. o Armed with pistols or rifles only when neces- sary by commanding officer. PROVISIONAL MANXJAl, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 23 Table No. 41 (Wae). — Division mobile ordnance repair shop, May 19, 1919. Units. Head- quarters. Small arms section. Artillery section. Total. Captain First lieutenant Second lieutenant . Total cominissioned. Ordnance sergeants. . Se^eant, first class. . Sergeant Con>oral.. look. Cook Private, first class. Private. Total enlisted.. Aggregate Motor cycle with side car. Kitchen, trail-mobile ....'. Truck, car^o 3-ton Truck, delivery, J-ton Truck, artillery repair Truck, equipment repair. Car, motor, 5 passenger . . . Trailers, artillery repair... Trailers, 7S-mm.. Field gun, 3-ton Trailer, blacksmithing and welding. . Guns, 7&-mm • 1 <12 83 tS 4 i>2 1-8 -3 >2 1 2 1 5 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 6 9 20 23 4 15 10 87 p93 PEMAEES. • First sergeant, fe Group foreman. " Oenraal foreman, 2 group foremen. ■• Supply sergeant. • Macninist-toolmaker. <2 machinists-toolmakers, 2 automechanics, 2 artillery repair mechanics. 1 1 blacksmith, 10 oxyaeetylene welders, 1 auto- mechanic. i> Supply sei^ant, clerk, 4 armorers, 1 saddler. 1 3 aitillery repair mechanics, 1 supply sergeant, clerk; 1 blacksmith; 10 oxyaeetylene welders; 1 saddler; 1 armorer; 1 plumberK»ppersmith; 2 auto- mechanics. ^ Clerk-typist, 1 blacksmith, 3 chauffeur-me- chanics. '• 3 clerk-typists, 4 armorers, 1 cloth worker. "3 artillery repair mechanics, 1 clerk-typist, 1 blacksmith, 1 oxyaeetylene welder, 1 carpenter, 1 plumber -coppersmith, 2 automechanics. ■ Chaufieur machinist. p To be armed with pistols or rifles only when deemed necessary by commanding officer. I Artillery repair mechanics, 6 automachinists. ■ Kitchen police. • Machinists. u Kitchen police. CHAPTER V. DUTIES OF A CAMP ORDNANCE OFFICER. Tlie duties of a camp ordnance officer at a mobilization. or concentration camp in the zone of the interior, or his duties at a training camp or specialized school in the theater of operations, are those of supplying equipment to troops and of maintaining equipment. The camp ordnance officers requisition for equipment direct to the chief of ordnance of the army if in the zone of the interior or to the chief ordnance officer if in the zone of operations, unless arsenals or depots have been designed for their supply. They requisition for equipment in anticipation of demands to be made on their depot and for equipment requisitioned by organizations which can not be filled at their depot. They may requisition by telegraph when stores are urgently needed for equipment of troops or for instruction purposes. When an automatic supply of stores has been ordered in anticipation of the needs of the troops at a camp, the camp ordnance officer keeps in touch with the supply and requests its expedition when the necessity arises. Stores may be ordered for the camp ordnance officer on requests which have not passed through his office. This is not a normal procedure of requisitioning stores but it may be done in time of war. Equipment requisitioned in anticipation of demands would consist of mess and per- sonal equipment at a concentration or mobilization camp and of equipment for train- ing purposes at a specialized school as specified by the commandant of the school. Supply officers of organizations requisition for items of ordnance property needed by the troops of their units, these requisitions having the approval of the organization conunander. Where there is a division ordnance officer at a camp these requisitions are sent, imless otherwise directed by the division commander, direct to the division ordnance officer for approval and he sends them to the camp ordnance officer for issue. When there is no division ordnance officer, requisitions are sent to the camp ordnance officer for issue. Division ordnance officers and camp ordnance officers will assist supply officers of organizations in the making of requisitions, the information to be given on them, and the proper nomenclature to be given the various items. They see that supply officers keep within their proper allowances on items of property requisitioned. The camp ordnance officer should be a disbursing officer, in case a finance officer is not available, authorized to obtain, by purchase, such articles as are needed for depot use or for troops in the camp, when that authority is granted by the chief of ordnance of the army or the chief ordnance officer of the theater of operations. The ordnance personnel of a camp depot consists of the headquarters section and two platoons of an ordnance depot comp any together with one heavy artillery regi- mental ordnance repair shop. The above personnel is organized according to the accompanying table. The administrative section of the office of the camp ordnance officer is charged with the preparation and filing of all correspondence relative to the depot, the rendition of all reports which may be called for by proper authority, and the accounting of all funds and property pertaining to the depot. The administrative assistant is in charge of the depot detachment, its organization and equitable distribution relative to the needs of the depot. He is in charge of all 24 PROVISIONAL MANXJAl, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 25 administration of the personnel, both enlisted and commissioned, and maintains reports, records and correspondence as affect the personnel. The officer in charge of the storehouse is responsible for the receipt and issue of stores, and the maintaining of storeshouse records. He is assisted by such enlisted persoimel as is necessary to operate the storehouse. The officer in charge of the shop is responsible for such repairs to ordnance material and equipment as can not be made in the organizations. The general section is responsible for all outside labor, guard, and fire protection duties. Table of organization, camp ordnance depot. Units. Admin- istration section. Company admmis- tration. Store- house section. General section. Shop." Total. 1 1 1 1 2 b 1 2 »1 bl 3 Total r-nTnTniSRimifid 2 1 1 3 7 OT(lT\a»l'V^ ''Prgf^ftTlt. . . °1 i3 ■il »1 •1 3 8 2 112 kl 2 14 '6 2 5 6 9 1 12 12 16 Corporal 24 Cool 3 Private, first class. 4 10 10 2 18 28 Private... 6 46 12 14 12 12 32 33 28 29 12 46 127 Aggregate 134 Note. — The above personnel consists of the headquarters section and two platoons of an ordnance depot company and the personnel of a heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop. Transportation: 1 side car, 1 J-ton motor truck, 1 3-ton motor truck, 1 5-passenger ear. REMARKS. ■■ Administration assistant and personnel, b In charge of section. « Chief clerkf requisition clerk, balance of stores cierk. d Krst sergeant. « Chief storekeeper, yard foreman. f Foreman. E Voucher and return clerks. Table, camp ordnance depot ^ Mess sergeant, supply sergeant. i Assistant storekeeper, i stenographers. t Company clerk. 1 Checkers. • Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shop. Units. Admin- istration and stores section.A Shop.B Total. '1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 fi^^j;mr\ IfeiltrPTIf^Tlt , . 4 4 4 8 5 2 10 15 2 16 34 3 8 2 6 9 1 12 12 16 24 Cook. 3 Private first class 28 Private. 46 Total enlisted 83 87 43 47 126 134 Transportation: 1 5-passenger car, 1 motorcycle with side car, 1 ^ton track, 1 3-ton truck. REMARKS. • Commanding ofBcer. I ^ Heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance A Headquarters section and two platoons of an repair shop, ordnance depot company. I CHAPTER Vr. DUTIES OF A DIVISION ORDNANCE OPFICEB. The division ordrance officer, as the representative of the ordnance department on the staff of the division commander, acts under the supervision of the proper general staff section, is responsible for the efficient service of ordnance supply, repair and maintenance, and for the general efficiency of ordnance materiel in service within the division. He is furnished sufficient enlisted personnel to handle all office work, to distribute supplies to units from the ordnance supply dump, to handle all salvage, serviceable equipment, which is received for reissue within the division, to make emergency deliveries to units at their stations, and he is responsible for the operation of the mobile ordnance repair shop and all of its activities. Ordinarily, the division ordnance officer would maintain his office at division headquarters and the ordnance supply dump at such a place which would be most convenient for the receipt and issue of ordnance materiel. If his office is located at division headquarters he will have one sergeant at this office, and the remainder of his personnel used for supply purposes, located at the ordnance supply dump. In the office or offices of the division ordnance officer there must be kept an up-to-date file of all orders, equipment manuals, and tables of organization affecting ordnance activities and personnel. The organization of the personnel of the division ordnance officer is as follows: Division headquarters: 1 captain as assistant.l 1 ordnance sergeant. lAdministration and office work. 2 sergeants. J Ordnance supply dump personnel: 2 ordnance sergeants.j^^^j^^^^j ammunition work. 2 privates, first class.! 1 sergeant. 1 5 corporals. [Supplies. 6 privates, first class.] REQUISITIONS. Requisitions are submitted in duplicate, if practicable, by the unit supply officers after approval by organization commanders, to the supply office of the division ord- nance officer, and when received they will be carefully checked by a commissioned officer as to quantities demanded. The amount approved will be entered in the "Ap- proved" column of both copies of the requisition. After all organization requisitions have been checked as to quantities, proper nomenclature or identification numbers, they are consolidated and signed by the division ordnance officer. The consolidated requisitions contain items of one classification only, so that they may be filled from the supplies maintained in one army supply depot only. The consolidated requisitions are given a fractional number, the numerator being the designation of the division and the denominator the serial number of the requisi- tion, and then signed by the division ordnance officer and dispatched, unless other- wise directed by the division commander, to the proper army supply depot. The retained copy in the division ordnance office will have entered the unit and requisition number of all requisitions of which it is a consolidation. 26 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ^7 After the property haa been received and checked from the invoice, the amounts received will be entered on the retained copy of the division requisition. Receipts are made for all issues of property to oi^ianizations and the receipt acknowl- edged by the signature of an officer or noncommissioned officer. No "dues out " will be carried. Unit supply officers will check the receipt against the approved requisi- tion and in case the requisition has not been completely filled the shortage shall not be rerequisitioned before the end of 10 days unless sooner notified that the property has become available. The division ordnance officer keeps in close liaison with army supply depots and the army ordnance officer r^;arding the status of uncompleted requisitions in order that shortages may be rerequisitioned as soon as available. His office organization will be such as to insure him being in touch with the status of aU requisitions. He is cautioned not to send transportation to depots to draw supplies unless he knows that the supplies will be issued. The mobile ordnance repair shop keeps approximately 6 machine guns, 20 automatic rifles, 100 caliber .30 rifles, and 50 automatic pistols, together with spare parts. This stock is for the purpose of normal replacements and the filling of emergency demands during action. The division ordnance officer is responsible that all units and the army ordnance officer know the location of the mobile ordnance repair shop and that the proper signs are T)laced to assist units in finding this shop. The division ordnance officer will keep a chart showing issues to imits of all items of ordnance equipment as listed in the equipment manuals. Any unit showing excessive issue should be investigated, cause therefor determined, and the necessary remedial action taken. The division ordnance officer or his assistant should make frequent visits to the supply officers of the units to inspect thefr work so as to assure himself that the ordnance work is being efficiently performed and that stores are not being accumulated with a view to meeting future demands. When the conditions of .the campaign permit, the division ordnance officer should visit the company and battery commanders, with a view to determining the care which ordnance property is getting, and the trouble, if any, which organizations are experiencing in getting supplies and getting repair work done. The division ordnance officer is responsible for the operation of the mobile ordnance repafr shop, and he will make the necessary inspections at the shop to assure himself that all necessary repairs are being efficiently made, and that all records of repairs, losses, etc., as required by regulations are being promptly and correctly rendered. All such reports, except requisitions on army shops, are rendered through the division ordnance officer. All unit supply officers should be informed as to the location of the office of the divi- sion ordnance officer during an engagement. The division ordnance officer will consult with the division surgeon as to the location of the dressing stations and will place ordnance details at those points for the handling of ordnance property taken from sick and wounded men. Such equipment as is fit for reissue should be sent to the division ordnance dump as soon as convenient. The refitting of the division when withdrawn from the line must be given special consideration. Instructions should be sent out from division headquarters as soon as the units begin to move to the rear, directing that the organization commanders pre- pare a complete list of shortages of all ordnance property as soon as the units arrive at their refitting point. These instructions should give the location of the office of the division ordnance officer. The unit supply officers will make up thefr requisitions and send one copy to the proper general staff section of the division for his information, if dfrected to do so, and two copies to the division ordnance officer for his action. The division ordnance officer should know the location of the office of all unit supply officers in order that he may be able to keep in liaison with them. Every effort should be made to get the division reequipped as promptly as possible. 28 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. The division ordnance officer will be called upon from time to time to give technical information regarding ammunition and he should keep himself informed regarding the characteristics of the numerous types used by both the infantry and the artillery divisional troops. He will be furnished with two ordnance sergeants, technically trained in ammunition, who will be used in collecting information on enemy ammu- nition and studying any new forma that may be found, this information being for- warded to the army ordnance officer through channels at the earliest practicable date. In this class of work the division ordnance officer and his ammunition ordnance ser- geants will be under the direction of the army ammunition inspector. The division ordnance officer may be called upon to act as division munitions officer for infantry troops when the artillery brigade is on detached service. He should, therefore, be familiar with all questions concerning the supply and care of ammunition and be prepared to act in this new capacity. Table No. 2 (Wah). — Division Headquarters — Infantry Division. ^ 1 2 1 Units. ■J TiifflitpnoTit onlrmp] 1 R •1 T^ntal ''OT^TPisRioiifr'l ... 1 2 Ordnance sergeants •i ob3 fi Sergeants of ordnance ed3 7 Corporals 5 S Privates, first class. . g Total enlisted q 19 in Agereeate 21 5-passenger car 11 1 17 1-ton truck .... 1 18 1 REMARKS. » Assistant division ordnance ofdcer. ii 1 chief clerk. ° 2 ammunition experts. 1 chitfiClerk:. ° 2 ammunition experts. <> 2 steno^phic clerks. • Isupp&sderk. BEMABES. * See Table No. 41 lor equipment of division mobile ordnance repair shop. ■^ To be armed with rifles or pistols when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. CHAPTER VII. DUTIES OF A COBPS ORDNANCE OFFICER. The corps ordnance officer is the adviser on ordnance matters to the corps commands and acts as supply officer for all corps troops. The corps ordnance officer has one captain as an assistant and an office force of one ordnance sergeant, acting as chief clerk, and one sergeant of ordnance as a stenog- rapher; also two noncommissioned officers to assist him in handling supplies. The corps ordnance officer makes such inspections of the work of the division ordnance officers as are necessary to satisfy himself that the ordnance supply within the corps is satisfactory. Unsatisfactory conditions will be promptly brought to the attention of the corps commander. Any adverse report on ordnance supply from divisions to the corps commander should be investigated by the corps ordnance officer and reported to the army ordnance officer. The corps ordnance officer brings to the notice of the corps commander cases of evident neglect or abuse of equipment, including ammunition and explosive stores of all kinds. He sees that the conditioning and reissuing of salvaged ordnance stores is proceeding in acpordance with the latest instructions promulgated on the subject and advises the corps commander upon the best location and arrangements for storage ' of all explosives and bomb stores and ammunition dumps, and for inspection of such stores of ammunition to see that all precautions are taken for their safety so far as circumstances permit. He inspects periodically all accumulations of ammunition, etc., under corps control, and brings to the notice of the corps commander any failure to comply with standiag orders, etc., as to the proper care, storage, and supervision of ammunition. The corps ordnance officer being a qualified inspection ordnance officer may be called upon by the army ammunition inspector to investigate instances of defective ammuni- tion and it is to be understood that when bo acting he is a field inspector under the army ammunition inspector. He will also make preliminary examination of all ammunition accidents that come to his notice in order that he may be in a position to give the army ammunition inspector information regarding the condition and probable cause and at the same time will issue the necessary instructions to the proper personnel regarding the nonremoval of the materiel until the final inspection has been made. He should specially supervise what may be termed "area" stores which are not on divisional charge and do not accompany divisions when they move. He is the liaison between division ordnance officers and the army ordnance officer. The corps ordnance officer is responsible to the army ordnance officer that the shops belonging to corps troops have the necessary personnel, equipment, and supplies for their proper functioning. Over the division mobile ordnance repair shops he exercises only such supervision as may be assigned to him by the army ordnance officer. Table No. 102 (Seeibs B). — Headquarters of an army corps. Lieutenant colonel ^ 1 Captain '. a X Total commissioned 2 Ordnance sergeant b i Sergeant of Ordnance ............' d 3 Total enlisted 4 Aggregate ;. re Transportation: 6-passenger car 1 Motorcycle with side cars i REMARKS. * Assistant corps ordnance oflScer. I ^ Ordnance supply. •> Chief clerk. 'To be armed with rifles or pistols only when » 1 stenographic clerk. | deemed necessary by the commanding officer. 30 CHAPTER Vin. DtrriES OF AN AKMT ORDNANCE OFFICEK.. The army ordnsmce officer, acting imder the supervision of the proper general staS sections, is responsible for the efficient service of ordnance supply and main- tenance, including inspection and repair, in the army, and supervises and coordi- nates this work. He exercises general supervimon and control of all ordnance supply, repair, inspection and maintenance work and facilities within the army in so far as technical matters are concerned, and is in direct control of supply, repair, inspection, and maintenance of materiel of army troops. The general supervision extends to the technical work done under ordnance officers on the staffs of the corps and division commanders within the army. He makes, or causes to be made, such inspections of ordnance material and repair and maintenance facilities as he may consider neces- sary, and he permits no alterations in ordnance equipment without the authority of the chief ordnance officer, except in emergencies. He causes periodical inspections to be made of all storage facilities under his jurisdiction to see that proper precautions are observed in storage, particularly that ammunition is properly cared for and main- tained, and that the necessary technical information is available. He maintaJTis such records as will enable him to keep the commanding general of the army fully informed as to the condition and sufficiency of ordnance materiel, as to the repair and maintenance facilities under his JTirisdiction, and as to the condition of all ammu- tion. He makes such technical reports and keeps such records as may be required of bim by the commanding general of the army, by the chief ordnance officer, and by higher authority. He is authorized to correspond directly with the chief ordnance officer on departmental and technical matters, provided they do not touch upon the policy of the army. In all such matters he should be guided by the general staff section, within whose functions the matters fall. He causes to be carried out such technical instructions for repair, maintenance, and alteration of ordnance materiel as may be prescribed by the chief ordnance officer. There are assigned as assistants to the army ordnance officer the following officers with their necessary assistants for the operation of the services mentioned: Ammuni- tion depot officer, supply officer, artillery armament officer, small arms armament officer, aircraft armament officer, and ammunition inspector. The table following shows the organization of the office of an army ordnance officer. 31 32 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Table No. —(War).— Oj^c« of army ordnance officer, army headquarters. Units. Admin- istrative section. Ammu- nition depot section. Supply section. Artil- lery ar- mament section Small- arms ar- mament section. Air- craft ar- mament section. Ammu- nltlon- inspec- tion section. Total. 1 1 1 1 2 il 1 1 yl 4 '2 el 2 • 1 tl »1 dl «1 1.2 6 '1 ei 4 Total commissioned 2 1 kl >-3 4 3 3 4 3 2 2 19 1 1 1 6 3 1 1 1 i5 2 ii 1 ii 1 6 2 2 1 "■17 9 Total enlisted . . . . 15 17 12 15 3 6 3 7 2 5 2 4 2 4 -39 Aggregate '57 Transportation: 1 .S Motorcycles with side cars 5 1 REMARKS. a Administrative assistant. b Ammunition depot inspector. o Munitions record officer. <^ Supply assistant. « Supply officer for army troops. ' 1 cHiei artillery inspector and 1 chief tractor inspector. B Statistical officer. h Small arms and small arms ammimition in- spector. ' Records and inspector. J Section chief clerks. ^ Finance and detachment clerk. ^ 1 stenographer, 2 file and correspondence clerks. " 6 stenographers, 8 typists. » Necessary chaufleurs and janitors furnished by headquarters troop. ' To be armed with pistols or rifles only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. I Field inspector for each 150 cannons, tractors, or tanks; 1 captain or 1 first heutenant; 1 ordnance sergeant: 1 corporal. y Field inspectors, 1 captain for each 3 divisions in the army. A captain is appointed administrative assistant in the office. The administrative assistant is charged with the duty of maintaining the records of the personnel, com- missioned and enlisted, in the office. He is also responsible for the proper keeping of the records of the office; he has charge of the making of emergency purchases, being appointed an agent officer for this latter purpose. The ammunition depot officer assists the army ordnance officer in the care and administration of the army ammunition parks. He selects the location of ammunition parks in localities designated by the proper general staff section. He plans the lay- out of army ammunition parks, and furnishes all data relative to work and supplies to be furnished by other services in connection with the establishment and mainte- nance of such parks. The plan of these parks depends upon amount of ammunition to be kept in stock as determined by the General Staff, and also upon the nature of the terrain. He is charged with providing the necessary trained ordnance personnel to insure the proper care and handling of the ammunition in the parks; the issue of the correct type of ammunition and the proper components thereof, upon properly authorized orders; the maintenance of proper records and the rendition of prescribed reports. In carrying out the forgoing duties, the ammunition depot officer is furnished one captain, as an assistant, whose duties are principally to inspect ammunition parks, to see that the ammunition is being properly cared for, and that a standard system of records obtains throughout army ammunition parks, and to see that the personnel is properly trained in ammunition work. This officer should be constantly j4RMy ORDNANCE OFFICE.R (BRIGADIER GENERAL) AMUUNITION DCPOT SCCTION SUPPLY SECTION 1-LT.COL. l-COLONEL I-OPT. l-CAPT. I'LIBUT. 1'UE.UT. i-oRo-aer. i-ORD. ser l-S&r.l»-rCLA3S E-COPPORALS i-sar e-conpoRALs 3-PVTI"CUIS3 \ FIELD FORCE AMMUNITION PERSONNEL FIELD FORCE ARMY ORDNANCE DEPOTS ADMIN.HDQFiS. FOR ARMY AMM.PIARKS 2-l»rueUTS. 3-ORD.S6r^. 3-SSrs./^^CCASS y -CORPORALS e-PVT/sr CLASS S' PRIVATES GENERAL SUPPLY I -MAJOR Z-gnoLIEUTS. -^-SG TS. /sr CLASS S3- CORPORALS 22-PVr/Br CLASS ^JG-PRIV/iTES ORDNANCE AktMUNir)^ COMPANY 3-e*">i.i£c/rs. ^- sets J^-r CLASS lo-sers. SI- CORPORAL S SO- PVT I ST CLASS too- PRIVATES ONE PER DIVPLUS THREE PER CORPS. SMALL ARMS CENTER -^ 3-lsruEUTS. 3-3*">L/£UTS. 7-ORD. SOTS. S-SGTS.I^^CLASS ZS- CORPORALS I^-PVTISTCLASS 21-PRIVATES AOMINiarPATIVE ASSISTANT eCAPTAIN) l-3&7.frCLASS A-CORPORALS SMALL ARMS ARMAMENT SECT. ARTILLERY ARMAMENT SECTION e-CORPORALS CORPS ORDNANCE OFFICE AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT SECTION l-CORPORAL AMMUNITION IHSPECTIOM SCCTION 1-LT.COL. I-LICUT. i-sar l-CORPORAL FIELD FORCE I ' I 1 I FIELD FORCE INSPECTORS OF MATERIEL. INSPECTION UNIT I-ORD.3QT. l-CORPORAL ONE UNIT FOR EACH ISO PIECESfCANNON, TANHS.ORTRACTORS GROUP ARMAMOtT 3-CORPORAL8 AIR DEPOT (30-SQUAORONS) PUR.OBSAND eOMB S<^DNS. 3-CORPORALS 4-PVTI»^CLASS S-PRIVATES ADVANCE SUPPLY SECTIONS l-ISTUEUT. 3-CORPORALS S-PVT.I»^CLASS lO-PRIVATES TWO OR SECTIONS- DEPENDING ON TACTICAL SITUATION. DIV.ORONANCE OFFlCEH (LT.COL.) RAILHEAD DETACHMENT OFFICE FORCE FIELD SUPPLY S-CORPORALS e-Pi^ri*rCLASS MOBILE ORDNANCE REPAIR SHOP B'ltTUEUTS. 9-SGrS./^' CLASS 21-SGTS. 2S- CORPORALS ^-COOKS ie-PYT.I"CLASS lO-PRIVATES TECHNICAL SUPT. [ZZ HEAYY MOBILE ORD. REPAIR SHOP S-l^LIEUTS. S-S*'oUEUTS. •*-ORO.SOTS. l-SGTf'^CLASS -42- CORPORALS 36-PVr I ar CLASS ^e~PRIVATE.S I FIELD FORCE I INSPECTORS ONE CAPTPEREACM THREE DIVISIONS. SUPPLY SALVAOEANO UAMTEMAIKX l-CAPTAIN l-frueuT. Z-fUEUTS. Z-S'/oUEUTS. Z-ORO. s&rs. e-ORD.aOT3. 4- sera. ■*-SSTS. • e-CORPORALS S-PYTItrpLASS S-PVT fCLASa lO-PRIVATES NIGHT BOMBARDMENT G-CORPQRALS A-PVT.iar CLASS e- PRIVATES HEAVY ARTY. REQ. MOBILE ORDREntIR SHOP l-ISTUEUT. Z-ZnouEUTS. SGT.I »»■ CLASS a-CORPORALS l£-fi>vr l**CLASS 12-PRIVATES PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 33 in the field and should make a detailed inspection of each army park at least once a week. The lieutenant assigned to the ammunition depot section is charged with the duty of obtaining daily ammunition reports, Exhibit 1, from each army ammunition park, showing the status of ammunition in the parks. The reports from the parks are con- solidated on the daily ammunition balance, Exhibit 2, and sent to proper staff officers each day. He receives from the proper staff office orders issued upon the army ammunition parks in favor of organizations and arranges by couriers to promptly transmit such orders to the respective parks. A set of blank forms for depots is given in the article on administrative system for army ammunition parks. ExmsiT 1. Daily ammunition report, depot of to: (Mo.) (Day) (Hour) From: , 19.., (Mo.) (Day.) (Hour.) 19... 75-MM. Etc. H. E. Shrap. Spec. Total Exhibit 2. Daily ammunition balance. Nomenclature. Daily ammunition balance by depots or parks. Total- EIFLE AKD MACHINE GUN AMMXTNITION. Cartridges, armor-piercing, oal. .30, M. 1917. . Cartridges, armor-piercing, oal. .30, M. 1918. . Cartridges, ball, cal. .30, M. 1906 Cartridges, ball, cal. .30, M. 1906, grade A (for aiicratt use only; packed without clips and bandoleers) Cartridges, ball, oal. .30, M. 1906, grade A-2 (foi macnine gun use only; packed without clips and bandoleers) Cartridges, ball, oal. .30, M. 1906, grade B-l (for rifle and machine gun use; packed with clips and bandoleers) Cartridges, ball, oal. .30, M. 1906, grade B-2 (for rme use only; packed in clips and ban- doleers) Cartridges, ball, oal. .30, M. 1906, grade C-l (for macnine gun use only; packed in ex- pendable belts) Cartridges, blank, cal. .30, M. 1906 Cartridges, dummy, cal. .30, M. 1906 (corru- gated) Cartridges, dummy, oal. .30, M. 1906 (non- corrugated) Cartridges, guard, cal. .30, M. 1906 Cartridges, nigh-pressure test, cal. .30 (M. 1906 service cases) 138968°— 30 3 34 PKOVISIONAl, MANUAL FOR OKDNANCE HELD -SERVICE. Daily ammunition balance — Continued. Nomenclature. Daily ammunition balance by depots or parks. - Total. EIFLE AND MACHINE GTTN AMMUNITION— continued. Cartridges, incendiary, cal. .30, M. 1917 Cartridges, incendiary, cal. .30, M. 1918 Cartridges, tracer, cal. .30, M. 1917 Cartridges, tracer, cal. .30, M. 1918 Cartridges, pistol ball, cal. .45, M. 1911 (packed without clips) Cartridges, ball, cal. .46, M. 1911 (packed In clips) ,.... Cartridges, pistol ball, cal. .45, M. 1911, muz- zle velocity 602 feet per second (for testing helmets) , Cartridges, high-pressure test, cal. .45',' for automatic pistol, M. 1911 Cartridges, revolver ball, cal. .45, M. 1909 Cartridges, revolver ball, cal. .38, toy model. . 37-MM. AMMTJOTTION. Shell,ftxed,A. P.,for37-mm. gun Shell, fixed, H. E., for 37-tam. gun Shell, fixed, L. E. , for 37-mm. gun Shell, fixed, Mk. I, canister, tor 37-nim. gun . Shell, fixed, Mk. II, canister, for 37-nun, gun. . nxED AMMinnnoN for mountain Gtras. Shell, H. E. C. S., base fuze, for2.95-in. moun- tain gun SheU,H.E., point fuze, for2.95-in. mountain gun (less fuze) Shrapnel, common, for 2.95-in. mountain gun AMMUNITION FOE FIELD CANNON. Shell, fixed, H. E. C. S., Mk. I, without fuze, for75-mm. gun Shell, fixed, H. E. C. S., Mk. I, with reduced charge, without fuze, for 75-inm. gun Shell, fixed, A. A. C. S., Mk. Ill, fuzed, for 75-mm. gun Shell, fixed, C. S., Mk. IV, without (uze, for 76-mm. gun Shell, fixed, S. S. , Mk. XII, without fuze, for 75-mm. gun Shell.flxed, C. S., Mk. I, for 3-in. antiaircraft gun,M. 1918, combinationfuze Shell, fixed, H. E. C. S., M. 1905, base fuze, for 4.7-in. gun, M. 1906 Shell, fixed, S. B. C. S.,pointfuze, tor 4.7-in. gun, M. 1906 (less fuze) SheD, H. E. C. S., Mk. 1, 155-mm. howitzer, point fuze (less fuze) Shell, gas, C. S., Mk. n, 155-mm. howitzer, point fuze (less fuze) Shell, H. E. C. S., Mk. in, a55-mm. gun, point fuze (less fuze) Shell, H. E. C. S., Mk. IV, 155-inm. howitzer, point fuze (less fuze) Shell,H. E. C. S., Mk. V, 156-inm. gun,potnt fuze (less fuze) , Shell, H. E. C. S., Mk. II, 6-in. gun, point fuze (less fuze) Shell, H. E. C. S., Mk. II, 6-in. gun, point fuze (less fuze) Shrapnel, fixed, common, Aa, for 75-mm. gun Shrapnel, fixed, common, Mk. I, for 75-mm. gun Shrapnel, fixed, common, Mk. I, for 3-in. antiahcraft giin, M. 1918 , Shrapnel, fixed, common, for 4.7-in. gun, M. 1906 Shrapnel, fixed, common, AA, Mk. I, for 4.7-in. gun, M. 1918 , PROVISIONAL, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 35 Daily ammunition balance — Continued. Ndmenclature. Dally ammunition balance by depots or parks. Total. AMMUNITION FOB FIELD CANNON— Continued Shrapnel, fixed, common, Mk. I, for l5S-nun. gun and howitzer Charge, propelling, for iss-mm. gun Charge, propeUing, for 156-mm. nowltzer. ... AMMUNITION FOB GUNS AND HOWITZERS ON BAII.BOAI) MOUNTS. Shell, H. E. C. S., Mk. 1, 8-in. gun, point fuze (less ftize) SheU, H. E. C. S. , Mk. I, S-in. howitzer, point fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. S. S., Mk. n, 8-ln. gun, point fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. S. S., Mk. n,&-ln.howltzer, point fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. IX, 9.2-in. howitzer, point fuze Oess nize) , SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. 1, 240-iam. howitzer, point fiize (less fuze) , SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. n, lO-in. gun, base fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. IV, lO-in. gun and howitzer, point fuze Oess fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. V, 10-in. gun, base fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. VI, J2-In. gun, base fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. Vin, 12-in. mortar and howitzer, base fuze Oess faze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. IX, 12-ln. mortar, point fuze Oess fuze) SheU, H. B. C. S., Mk. X, 12-in. gun, point fuze (less fuze) SheU, H. £., Mk. 11, X4-in. gun, base faze (less fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. IV, j4-in. gun, point fuze Cess fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. m, la-in. howitzer, point fuze Oess fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., Mk. IV, 14-in. gun, point fuze Oess fuze) SheU, H. E. C. S., M. 1919, 14-tn. gun, point fuze (less fuze) Charge, propeUing, for 8-in. howitzer, M. 1917, Mk. Charge, propeUing, forS-in.howitzer, M. 1917, Charge, pr«>eUing, for 9.2-hi. howitzer, M. 1917, Mk. I Charge, propelling, for 9JMD. howitzer, M. 1917, MS. n Charge, propelling, for 21D-imn. howitzer. Charge, propelUng, lor l(^in. gun Charge, propeUing, for 12-in. gim Charge, propeUing, for 14-in. gun. Charge, propelling, for IS-in. howitzer. FBIMEBS. Primers, 20-grain Primers, 49-grain Primers, llO-grain Primers, T. friction Primers, friction, M. 1914. FUZES FOB FIEU) GUNS. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. I, inst Fuze, point detonating, Mk. U, short delay.. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. II, superquick. . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. n, long delay... Fuze, point detonating, Mk. Hi, nondelay.. . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV, nondelay. . . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV-A, nondelay. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV, short delay . 36 PEOVISIONAI, MANUAL, FOK OKDNANCE FIELD SEBVICE. Daily ammunition balance — Continued. Nomenclature. Bally ammimitlon balance by depots or parks. .Total. FUZES FOE FIELD GUNS — continued. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV-A, short delay Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV, long delay. . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IV-A, long delay Fuze, point detonating, Mk, V, nondelay Fuze, point detonating, Mk. V, short delay. . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. V, long delay. . . (Note. — Mk. IV Jor low-powered gun; Mk. rv-A tor high-powered gun.) Fuze, point detonating, Mk. Vn, short delay. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. VU, nondelay. . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. VHI, super- quick Fuze, point detonating, Mk. IX, superquick. Fuze, point detonating, Mk. TK, nondelay. . . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. X, nondelay... . Fuze, point detonating, Mk. X, delay Fuze, trench mortar, Mk. VI AEKIAL ABMAMEKT MATERIAL. Bombs, high capacity, demol., drop, Mk. I. . Bombs, high capacity, demol., drop, Mk. II. Bombs, high capacity, demol., drop, Mk. m. Bombs, high capacity, demol., drop, Mk. IV. Bombs, high eapacltv, demol., drop, Mk. V . . Bombs, frag., drop, Mk. n Bombs, frag., drop, Mk. II-A Bombs, frag., drop, Mk. II-B Bombs, incendiary, drop, Mk. I Bombs, incendiary, drop, Mk. n Bombs, incendiary, drop, Mk. m Bombs, Barlow, heavy, drop, M. 1917 Bombs, dummy, drop, Mk. I. Bomb-release mechanism, Mk. X Sets controls for release mechanism, M. V Sets nose and tail beam assemblies,iorrelease mechanism, Mk. V Release trap, left-hand, release trap, right- band (sets traps for release mechanism. Mk.V).. nai Control handles for bomb-release mechan- ism, Mk. II Control bandies for release mechanism, Mk.V (bomb) Bomb sights, Mk. I-A Belease mechanisms, Mk, n, foi airplane flares Mk I Parts for loading mechardsm for drop bombs, Mk.IV Farts for loading mechanismfor drop bombs, Mk.I Boosters for Mk. ni high-capacity drop bombs Detonators for Mk. n high-capacity drop bombs Straps, 6 j-inch, for release mechanism, Mk. V, Phosphorus rolls, for dummy drop bombs (smoke charges) Shells, shotgun, lO-gage, smoke charge for dummy drop bombs, Mk. I Bomb-release mechanism, Mk. II. Bomb-release mechanism, Mk. IX-A , Bomb-release mechanism, Mk. Vll-B Bomb-release mechanism for Barlow heavy drop bombs TRENCH WABFAEE MATEKIAL. Grenades, hand, offensive, Mk. III. . . Grenades, band, defensive^Mk. II Grenades, hand, gas, Mk. 11 Grenades, hand, phosphorus, Mk. II.. Grenades, hand, dummy, Mk. I Grenades, hand , Mk. I, practice Grenades, hand, Mk. U, practice Grenades, rifle dummy, v. B., Mk. I. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Daily-ammunition balance — Continued. 37 i Daily ammunition balance by depots or parks. Nomenclature. TBENCH WABFABE MATEBIAL— Continued. Grenades, rifle, ilium, parachute type (rifle lights, Ift. I, 78-2-14) Grenades, rifle, V.B., Mi. 1 Grenades, rifle, V. B., Mk. I, inert Bouchon and nize assemblies, Mk. n, for de- fensive hand grenades, No. 6 detonator Bouchon and fuze assemblies, Mk. n, for oJ- f ensivegasand phosphorous grenades, No. 8 detonator Bouchon and fuzeassemblies, Mk. IV, for in- cendiary grenades Bouchon and fuze assemblies, Mk. I, for de- f ensivehand grenades (sodium silicate) Bouchon and mze assemblies, Mk. H, for of- fensive hand grenades (sodiimi silicate) Bouchon assembly, Mk. I, practice Bouchon assembly^ Mk. 11, practice Detonators, Mk. m, for V. B. lifle grenade, Mk.I Fuzes, trench-mortar, Mk. VI Fuzes, Bickford, for hand grenades Bings, ballistite, for 3-inch Stokes trench- mortar shell Rings, propellant, for 3-mch Stokes trench- mortar shell Shells, 3-in., Stokes trench mortar, Mk. m. . Shells, 3-in., Stokes trench mortar. Mk. I — Shells, 3-in., Stokes trench mortar, Mk. II. . . Cartridges, IZ-gauge, for 3-in. Stokes trench- mortar shell (Siarges, for 3-in. Stokes trench-mortar shell. . Cartridges, blank, cal. .30, for rifle grenades. . ToJtic gas cylinders, Mk. 1 Barrels for Liven's projectors, Mk. I Barrels for Liven's projectors, Mk. H Barrels for Liven's projectors, Mk. HI Baseplates for Liven's projectors, Mk. I Adapters and boosters, Mk. I, for Liven's gas shell Time-fuze assemblies for Liven's projectors. . Muzzle covers for Liven's projectors Detectors, circuit ("blasters' friend" type), commercial material E xploders, f uze-ma^eto (blasting machine) , commercial matenal Switches for Liven's projector Liven's gas shell, Mk. I (Liven's gas drums) . . Liven's projector tin cartridge case, Mk. I, nlth propelling-charge assembly projectors. PTBOTECHNICAL UATEBIAI.. V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, green — V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, green, caterpillar V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, red V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, red, cater- pillar V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, white V. B. parachnte cartridges, Mk. 1, white, caterpillar V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, yellow smoke V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, green (without blank cartridges) V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. 1, red (with- out blank cartridges) V. B. parachute cartridges, Mk. I, white (without blank cartridges) V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, green, 1 star V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, green, 3 stars. . . V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, green, 6 stars. . . V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, red, 1 star V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, red, 3 stars. - Total. 38 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL. FOB OKDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Daily ammunition balance — Continued. Nomenclature PYBOTECHUICAL MATEBiAL— Continued. V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, white, 6 stars. . . V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, green, 1 star (without blank cartridges) V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, red, 1 star (with- out blank cartridges) V. B. star cartridges, Mk. I, red, 3 stars (without blank cartridges) Very parachute cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., green Very parachute cartridges, Mk. I, 25-nim., green, caterpillar Very parachute cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., red Very parachute cartridges, Mk. 1, 2S-mm., red, caterpillar Very parachute cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., white Very parachute cartridges, Mk. 1, 2S-mm., white, caterpillar .' Very parachute cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., yellow smoke Very star cartridges, Mk. 1, 25-mm., green, Istar Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., green, 3 stars Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., green, 6 stars Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., red, 1 star Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., red, 3 stars Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., red, 6 stars Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 2S-nun., white, Istar Very star cartridges, Mk, I, 25-mm., white, 3 stars Very star cartridges, Mk. I, 25-mm., white, 6 stars 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, Istar, green 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, 6 stars, green 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, Istar, red 3S-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, 6 stars, red 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, caterpillar, white, parachute 3&-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, Istar, white : 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, 2 stars, white 3S-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, 3 stars, white 35-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. 1, Aviation, 6 stars, white 3S-mm. signal cartridges, Mk. I, Aviation, red smoke 35-nun. signal cartridges, Mk. I, yellow smoke Airplane flares, Mk. I Airplane flares, Mk. II Wlng-tlp flares, Mk. I, red Wing-tip flares, Mk. I, white Position lights, Mk. I, ground, red Position lights, Mk. I, ground, green Position lights, Mk. I, ground, white Position lights, Mk. II, hand, white Smoke torches, Mk. I Signal parachute rockets, Mk. I, green Signal parachute rockets, Mk. I, green, cater- pillar Signal parachute rockets, Mk. I, red Signal parachute rockets, Mk. I, red, cater- pillar Daily ammunition balance by depots or parks. - Total. PKOVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 39 Daily ammunition balance — Continued. Daily ammimition balance by depots or parks. PTBOTECHNicAL MATEKUi— Continued. Signal illuminattng rockets, Mk. I, white, parachute.,.,, Signal parachute rockets, ISL I, white, Signal 'parachute rockets, Mk. I, yellow grnolw Signal parachute rockets, Mk. I, red smoke j . Signal star rockets, Mk. t, green, 1 star Signal star rockets, Mk. I, green, 3 stars Signal star rockets, Mk, I, green, 6 stars Signal star rockets, Mk.1, red, 1 star Signal star rockets, Mk. 1, red, 3 stars Signal star rockets, Mk. I, red, 6 stars Signal star rockets, Mk. I, white, 1 star Signal star rockets, Mk. I, white, 6 stars Pijnallijhts, MV tT Vory T'"^ Rignal lights; MV TT, Vary' w>"tA Signal lightsl Mk. Hi Veryi green signal Hght.1, Mir, T, rod . . . Signallights', Mk. ij white RignAl lights' MV T*, prfion. Cal. .30 blank cartridges, special, for model 1903 and 1917 rifles The supply officer assists the army ordnance officer in the matters of supply of all ordnance materiel in the Army, other than ammunition, aircraft and parts for the maintenance of artillery. He exercises supervision in the zoneof theaormy over all army, corps and division supply, and facilities therefor, except as noted above. According to the plans of the proper general staff section, he establishes ordnance supply depots and upon approval of the general Sitaff prescribes the character and quantity of the various articles to be maintained in such depots; he sees that the ordnance supply depots of the army are properly administered; he causes inspec- tions to be made in the army to determine the status of ordnance supply, other than ammunition. For the organization and functioning of army supply depots see ai:ticles on army general supply ordnance depots and small arms and machine gun centers. The supply officer is assisted by a captain whose particular di^ty is to visit organi- zations to determine the efficiency of the supply system and the steps to be taken to improve the system. He obtains information as to the needs of the troops, which information is used in determining the army supply depots stocks. By means of his inspections the needs of the troops should be anticipated and the depots advised accordingly. There is assigned to the supply section a lieutenant who is charged with the duties of supply officer for army troops. He handles all requisitions received from army troops and is responsible that these troops are properly equipped. AETILLEBY ARMAMENT OFFICER. The artillery armament officer assists the army ordnance officer, and is responsible to bim for the inspection, repair, and maintenance duties in so far as they pertain to artillery materiel, including motor equipment and tanks, maintained by the ord- nance department. He keeps the army ordnance officer informed as to the con- dition of artillery materiel. 40 PRO VISIONAL MANUAL FOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. The artillery armament officer has three commissioned assistants. One of these will be a specialist in tractor vehicles, tanks, and other special vehicles furnished by the ordnance department, the second will be a specialist in artillery inspection and maintenance, and the third will be in charge of the inspection records, reports, etc., of the office. For field inspections the artillery armament officer is assisted by commissioned inspectors at the rate of one for each 150 pieces of cannon, tanks, or tractors. These inspectors will each have competent noncommissioned assistants, and must be pro- vided with transportation. They will not be stationed at army headquarters, but should be stationed in the vicinity of the heavy mobile ordnance repair shops of their respective areas, or at points of easy communication with the army ordnance office. This is done to avoid making the personnel at army headquarters too cum- bersome, and yet to place inspectors in easy control of the office of the army ord- nance officer. SMALL ARMS ARMAMENT OFFICER. The small arms armament officer assists the army ordnance officer, and is responsible to him for the inspection, repair, and maintenance duties prescribed in so far as they pertain to small arms, machine guns, and automatic weapons and small arms am- munition. This officer supervises the activities of field ordnance repair shops in so far as they deal with small arms, machine guns and automatic weapons. By frequent inspec- tions he insures the proper maintenance of these weapons and endeavors to improve the efficiency of the shops and the condition of this class of weapons in the hands of the troops. He inspects the weapons in the possession of organizations only when especially so directed by the army ordnance officer due to an abnormal condition that may be reported in such organizations. This officer is assisted by two captains who act as small arms and small arms ammunition inspectors. AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT OFFICER. The aircraft armament officer assists the army ordnance officer and is responsible to him for the duties prescribed in so far as they pertain to supply, inspection, repair, and maintenance of armament and ammunition for aircraft. This officer has one commissioned assistant who aids in making inspections and is charged with the duty of handling the records and reports rendered by the various group and squadron armament officers. AMMUNITION INSPECTOR. The ammunition inspector assists the army ordnance officer and is responsible to him for the inspection duties in so far as they pertain to ammunition other than small arms. He furnishes troops all necessary technical information, sees that tech- nical, storage, and safety instructions are carried out, investigates and reports upon all accidents that may be chargeable to ammunition, furnishes all technical informa- tion and reports on ammunition as required by the chief ordnance officer, and keeps the army ordnance officer informed as to the behavior of ammunition and any defects discovered. This inspection will extend to corps and division dumps and trains in order that the same standard of efficiency and safety in maintaining ammunition may obtain throughout the army. He is responsible for the collection of specimens of captured or unexploded enemy ammunition. He is provided with one commissioned assistant who will act as a record and statistical officer. A captain is furnished for each three divisions in an army as field inspectors with headquarters located at a convenient point to the divisions that they are serving. Blank forms used in making reports on ammunition are shown by Exhibits 3 and 4. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 41 Fonn EP-31. (11-18-5000) Exhibit 3. Unit convmander' s report of accidents arid malfunctions: Grenades, pyrotedmics, infantry mortars and mortar ammunition. Organization: Company or Battery, Regiment of , Diirfsion. Date ol Accident or Malfunction 191 - . Date of Bei>ort 191. . Type of Mat&iel, Manufacturer, and Lot Number: Details of Accident or Malfunction: (Signed) (Rank) CommandtTig. (Instructions on the reverse hereof are to be carefully read and fully complied with.) DJSTBUCnONS. 1. This report is to be forwarded at once, in duplicate, direct to the Chief Ordnance Officer of the Army. 2. In the event of a premature, an additional report will be made by telephone direct to the Corps Ordnance Officer, who will advise the Ammunition Inspector. 3. Under "Type of Materiel," state correct and full nomenclature of the article reported, as: Defensive Hand Grenade, Mark II. Signal Star Rocket, Mark I, Green, 1 Star. 3-inch Stokes Mortar Shell, Mark I. Statealso whether the materiel is American, French or British; and when possible give the manuJ^c. turer's name and lot number. 4. It is only by making immediate and complete report of all irregularities in mat^el, thereby permitting immediate investigation, that possible and real dangers can be eliminated and a reliable supply maintained. Form EP-30. (11-18-1000). Exhibit 4. Battery amunander's report of prematures with guns, howitzers and mortars: Sl^mm. caliber and above. Organization Date of Report 19 Gun, howitzer or mortar Caliber Model Date of Premature 19 Roundsfiredtodate Rateoffixe rounds per minute for minutes before accident. Did projectile burst inside or outside the bore Distance &om muzzle Color of smoke observed: Black Gray White TYPES AKD MAKKINGS OF AMMUNITION. Taken from round flred, or next round of same lot Fuze: Type Model Shape head (iolorhead Color body Lot No Projectile: Type Model Color ogive Color body. Stamped Markings Lot No Cartridge Case: Stamped Markings Lot No Propdlant: Type Weight Normal Reduced Zone No. Bag markings.. , Primer: Type Model Stamped markings EXAMINATION OF FBAGMENTS OF FBOJECTILE AND FUZE. Did explosive adhere to fragments? How? Edges: Sharp, square or melted? Smoke-blackened or beat-blued? - Fragments: Large or small? Where found? Eemarks: (Signed) Battery Commander. INSTBUCnONS. Original and two carbon copies of this report will be made by the Battery Commander as soon as practicable after the premature occurs, and will be sent direct to the Ciiief Ordnance Officer of the Army. This report may be used for trench mortars. Details concerning abnormal or short rormds should be noted under "Ranarks.'! 42 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ORDNANCE ADMINISTRATIVE HEADQUARTERS FOR ARMY AMMUNITION PARKS. To assist the ammunition depot officer in furnishing the necessary trained personnel and for the proper functioning of the army ammunition parks there will be established a replacement depot and administrative office with the necessary personnel. This headquarters acts as a replacement depot for all ordnance personnel in army ammuni- tion parks, corps ammunition dumps, and enlisted assistants to field ordnance inspectors. The following table shows the office organization of this depot: Table No. — (War). — Ordnance administrative headquarters for army ammunition jparhs. 1 2 3 4 5 1 Units. Statis- tical. Payrolls service records. Supply mess and transpor- tation. Total. 9 Majors.. 1 1 1 s nfl.pt.niTls 1 4 1 1 2 Tntal nommiRsinnpH ■i 2 1 1 4 n • 1 = 1 = 2 »4 • 1 12 3 7 Rp.rgfifintH, first plfiA'a 3 R RRrgftants ftf nrHnanpfl °1 3 q Onrpnfals <'3' 2 2 9 7 10 Cooks 2 11 2 2 6 1'' Privates 9 Total enlisted . n 10 12 4 5 19 20 33 11 b37 H 2 16 3-ton trucks - - - 2 17 J-ton truck 1 remaeks. a Chief clerks. b First sergeant. « Clerks. d 1 mess sergeant, I transportation « 2 clerks, 2 stenographers. ' 3 chaufEeiu's. e To be armed with pistols or rifles only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. The commanding officer is known as the personnel officer. It is the duty of this office to properly equip with clothing and personal equipment all men passing through the depot. Also it pays this enlisted personnel, keeps all records of the commissioned and enlisted personnel, and renders all routiue reports on personnel. The command- ing officer will make frequent inspections of all army ammunition parks to assure himself that the personnel is properly clothed, fed, quartered, paid, etc. He assists any parks which may be short of transportation in getting to them their rations and necessary supplies. The personnel reports required by the ordnance department from all ordnance personnel in the army troops, corps troops, and divisions pass through this office. Also all correspondence on the subject of ordnance personnel (unless other channels are prescribed) will pass through this office. PKOVISIONAl, MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 43 This office handles all perBonnel reports and returns of army ordnance troops that may be prescribed by the statistical section of The Adjutant General's Office. This Lacludes the following reports: Daily report of changes of enlisted men (five copies, of which one is retained for file). Daily report of changes of officers (seven copies, of which one is retained for file) . Weekly strength return (three copies, of which one is retained for file). Monthly roster: There are two of these, one is for officers only, and one is for commissioned and enlisted personnel combined. (Five copies of each aie made; one copy of each is retained for file.) These rosters show a complete list of personnel on duty, whether present or absent, and if absent, for what reason. Monthly return: This shows total commissioned and enlisted present and absent at end of month, strength at end of preceding month, and gains and losses of personnel duruig the month, together with a record of events. The foregoing reports and return are sent to the adjutant general of the field army. A monthly report, Exhibit 5, to the chief ordnance officer of the theater of operations showing commissioned and enlisted ordnance personnel of the army troops. These are enlisted by rank, and opposite each is shown the duty performed. This report also shows gains and losses of personnel during the month, with the authority for the change. The monthly report required A. R. 827-1913, Eihibit 6. A card. Exhibit 7, shall be kept of every officer and enlisted man in the army ordnance troops, giving all pertinent data, such as age, length of service, date of arrival in the army, duties, etc. The army ordnance officer is authorized to make promotion of ordnance enlisted personnel, exclusive of ordnance sergeants. The replacement depot offi'ce will keep all data relating to promotions of enlisted personnel in the army. Orders relating to such promotion will be prepared in that office for the signature of the army ord- nance officer. All recommendations for the promotion of commissioned ordnance personnel with army troops should pass through the replacement depot office. The papers relating to the promotion of commissioned and enlisted ordnance personnel are handled at the replacement depot office, but the action of the army ordnance officer is necessary in each case. 44 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Form No. A P-4A— 8-20-18. Exhibit 5. Monthly return ofmdnawx personriel. This Return is to be made as of the last day of each month by every officer commanding an organization or detachment of the Ordnance Department, in accordance with G. 0. 24, par. 2, subparagraph 5, G. II. Q. A.E.F., 1917, and forwarded in duplicate to the Chief Ordnance Officer, A.E.F. Units attached to line organizations "will forward this return tlu-ough Division, Corps or Army Ordnance Officers, who willintum, forwardittotheChief Ordnance Officer, A.E.F. (TMs form will be used in place of W.D. Form 2573.) Return oj Ordiumce Personnel Stationed at (attached to) (Organization.) (Division, Corps, or Army.) Pres- ent. Absent. Total. Strength last monthly return. Pres- ent. Absent. Total. Strength monthly return. On DS. For other causes. On DS. For other causes. Lt. colonel Sgt. Istol . . Major Sergeant... ist'lt 2nd it Pvt. 1st cl Private Total.... Total Account for below, by name, and in order of rank, all officers and men belonging to the organization s of the date of this return: Unit. Name in full. Rank. Duties actually performed (normal function) . Special qualification. The reverse side of this sheet is reserved for ' ' Report of Changes.' additional names. Blank sheets will be used for entering PROYISIONAIi MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 45 Report of changes. Account for below, by name, and in order of rank, all alterations ard changes that have occurred since the date of the previous report. The gains and losses will be totalled separately for officers and enlisted men. The gains will have indicated the place /rom which, and the losses the places to which transfers were made. Date and authority for transfer will be given in each casj. GAINS. Bank. Name. Number. Remarks. LOSSES. Bank. Name. Number. Remarks. 46 PEOYISIOJiTAL MANUAL, FOE OEDWANCE FIELD SBEVICE. Exhibit 6. Form No. 1379. Write nothing above this line. Name Rank Station Month oJ 191 . . Duties Peepoemed and authority therefor: All the regular duties of the Ordnance De- partment, all detached service, and court-martial and other duties of an important charagter, being given in chronological order, stating between what dates the duties were performed. Absences: On leave for days, from to by authority of Left station ; rejoiued.L Sick from to (Signature) Eecimred under A. R. 827 of 1913. PKOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 7. 47 INDIVIDUAL RECORD CARD. Name Rank and Obg Date Enustet) ob Commissioned Age. Neabest Relatite (Name and Addbess) Date. Reported. Left. Order. Par. S. O. Hqrs. Date. Present status. Previous duties and remarks. OPERATION OF ABMY AMMUNITION PARKS. The followiiig is a brief outline of a, system for the management of an army ammu- nition park: Incoming ammunition. — Checkers should go to the sidetracks and check carload as soon as possible after arrival of train, so that place for spotting particular cars may be planned in advance. As soon as shipment is checked the records of the checkers should be turned into the oflSce. The reports of the checkers should be consolidated in the office and entered on the stock book. Exhibit 8 is a typical checker's report. Storage. — A bound stock book showing amoimts received in complete rounds, alloca- tions in complete rounds only, issues and balance on hajid, should be kept in the office. Each noncommissioned officer in charge of an ammunition component should have an individual stock book with sheets of identical form with the office stock book. A separate sheet should be used for each platform, storage hut, or other separate storage place. Allocations should be promptly given by the office to the noncommissioned officer in charge of each ammunition component for entry in his storage record book. The records in the hand of each noncommissioned officer should check with the office record. This, however, should be verified at least twice a day. A typical sheet for such storage record book (stock sheet) is shown by Exhibit 9. 48 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 8. Checker's report. Car No. Amount. Shells. Fuses. Primers. Remarks. Weight. Powder. Totals .Cars Shells Lots Fuses. ..Primers. Date.. Prom- Checker. Exhibit 9. Stock sheet for ammunition depot. From: 19.., To: 19.. (Mo.) (Day) (Hour) (Mo.) (Day) (Hour) Name of article here. Balance brought forward: Allocated Free Received Total. Issued. Balance remaining: Allocated Free PBOVISIONAI. MANUAL FOR OKDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 49 It is important that the record, Exhibit 2, kept at the park and the report, Exhibit 1, submitted by the park to the army ammunition office should show distinctly the total number of complete rounds of each type of ammunition. It will be understood that entries in the report, unless otherwise specified, signify complete rounds. It is equally important that the records of the park and the reports furnished to the army ammunition office show the number of complete rounds due to organizations on allo- cations, that is, the ammunition awaiting the call of the various organizations, and therefore not available for further allocation. The foregoing point is important and great care must be exercised to prevent errors in the issuing of orders. Components, such as fuses, powder, primers, projectiles, etc., that are in excess of complete roimds will be carried separately in the records and reports. For example, if a dei)ot has 5,000 75-miUimeter projectiles with their cases and 5,500 fuses for the 75-millimeter projectiles, the report would show simply 5,000 rounds of 75-millimeter ammimition and 500 surplus fuses. If an unfilled allocation for 2,000 rounds exists, the report should show that while there are 5,000 rounds in the depot, only 3,000 rounds are subject to further allocation. Each ammimition bay, hut, or other group of ammunition should be numbered and should have a placard indicating the amount and type of ammunition contained in the bay, hut, etc. A chart showing the components to be issued in making up an order for any par- ticular type of ammunition should be kept in the office and should be in the posses- sion of each noncommissioned officer in charge of a particular component. Outgoing ammunition. — ^An allocation book should be kept in the office. Exhibit 10, herewith, is a typical page for such book. This should be a loose leaf book and a history of each allocation maintained until such allocation is completed or can- celled. When completed or cancelled, the allocation sheet should be transferred to a dead file and preserved as a permanent record. ExHiBrr 10. Allocation record. Allocation No. Date. Quantity. Unit. Remarks. 138968°— 20- 50 PROVISIONAI. MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit H gives a typical depot order blank. Upon the receipt of the proper order, this blank should be filled out, sufficient copies being made to retain one for the office, one for issue to the designated organization, and one tot the nonconunissioned officer in charge of each component constituting the order. The copy for the organization should be delivered to the convoy sent to carry away the ammunition. Exhibit 11. Depot order. Make carbon copies of each order. Give one to convoy. AMMUNITION DEPOT NO. Original to oflBce. Copy to depot. Copy to convoy. Date this order was filled: Depot order No Consignee's No. From allocation Heceived at office . ____ M. No.;!.... Left office M. Returned to office. (Order hav- ing been filled) M. Charge this order against the loUowing unit: To At (Write name, corps, division, or unit.) Via Instructions. Shells, or faced ammuni- tion. Powder, indicate lot or group No. Fuzes, indicate lot No. and type. Primers. Ordered. In columns to right indicate total amount of each component ordered. Shipped. In columns to right indicate total amount shipped. Eemaining. Fill in columns to right only if order was not com- pletely filled at first transportation. These columns should show quantities still due, if any. Signatures. N. C. O'S. in charge of: Each component to sign to right. Remarks: (Causesof delay, etc.) Triplicate receipt books should be kept and receipts should be signed by the officer commanding the depot and by the convoy commander, upon the delivery of any ammunition, thus indicating responsibility of each for the proper filling of the order. One copy of this receipt goes to the convoy, one copy to the depot office and one copy to army ordnance office. Exhibit 12 is a suitable receipt blank. PROVISIONAL MANUAL rOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 12. 51 -Triplicate. No Depot Allocation No For . To At Via SheUs Date (Write corps, division, unit, etc.) Powder. Fuzes. Primers. Issued: Received: (Name and ran]:.) Commanding Depot. (Name and rank.) (Organization.) Daily report. — ^A courier from the office of the army ordnance officer will visit each army ammunition park daily to receive the report of the ammunition situation of the park. Exhibit 1 is a suitable blank for the rendition of this daily report. The report covers a period of 24 hours and gives the situation at a specified hour which will be designated by army order. This hour, of course, must be uniform throughout the Army. Personnel. — Ordnance ammunition companies are organized for the purpose of furnishing the personnel for the operation of ammunition depots and parks. For the handling of ammunition in any army area these companies are furnished at the rate of one per combat division plus three per corps in the army; one for corps dumps, one for salvage, and one for an army reserve. In the actual operation of the parks or dumps the companies are subdivided as conditions require. EQUIPMENT FOR BACH PARK. Ordrmnce. 20 flashlights, lantern size, two cells. 100 batteries, flashlight. 10 scrapers, projectile J-inch blade. 10 scrapers, projectile, J-inch blade. 10 wire brushes, 1 by 6 inches, with 1-inch bristles. 10 wire brushes, 2 by 6 inches, with 2-inch bristles. 10 Blushing brushes. 100 pounds cosmoline. 1,000 assorted fuze-hole plugs. 50 gallons slushing oil. 52 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Quartermaster. Equipment: 2 field range or rolling kitchens. 4 water bags. 10 wheelbarrows. 4 cans, galvanized iron. 12 buckets, galvanized iron. 50 paulins. 36 buckets, fire. 24 shovels. 6 picks. 4 sledges No. 20. 4 axes. 4 hammers, with claws. 4 forks for broken stone. 6 saws (2 rip, 2 crosscut, 2 buck). 8 brooms. 2 scrub brushes. 12 brushes, paint, assorted. 4 screw-driver bits. 2 screw-driver braces. 4 stoves, office. 24 lanterns, complete. 50 gallons kerosene. 100 pounds nails, assorted. 6 gallons paint, red, black, green. 100 pounds cotton waste. 2 pinch bars. 2 railroad racks. Stationery: 100 daily ammunition report blanks. 100 daily personnel report blanks. 100 envelopes, small. 50 envelopes, large. 2 paper, letter, reams. 6 blotters. 12 pads, memo. 3 books, duplicating. 12 carbon paper, sheets. 1 loose-leaf notebook. 12 notebooks, ,4 by 6 inches. 6 record books, 9 by 12 inches. 3 stencil sets, l-inch, 2-iQch, 4-inch letters. 12 pencils. 6 penholders. 3 inkwells. 3 erasers. 1 receipt book. 1 invoice book. 1 book transport ordera. 1 paste bottle. 3 clips, boxes. 10 points, pen. 1 pins, package. 1 chalk, box. 100 freight car pasters. ORDNANCE SXJPPLY SERVICES WITHIN AN ARMY. The supply of ordnance materiel in the field is divided into four general classes: A. Artillery fire control instruments, general supplies, such as personal equipment, horse equipment, including harness and in general all items not included in classes B, 0, and D. B. Artillery, artillery spare parts and accessories therefor; tractors, spare parts for tractors ; tanks, spare parts for tanks, excepting fire control instruments and accessories. C. Machine guns, small arms, automatic weapons; 37-mm. guns, trench mortars, and other special weapons for infantry, together with spare parts and accessories therefor. I). Aircraft armament supplies. Articles in class A are supplied by the army general supply ordnance depot. Arti- cles in class B are supplied by the heavy mobile ordnance repair shops. Articles in class are supplied by the semimobile small arms and machine gun center. Articles in class D are supplied by the air depots. Army general supply ordnance depot. — There shall be organized in each army at least one general supply ordnance depot, under the army ordnance officer, the function of which shall be the supply of all troops of the army with ordnance materiel of class A. PBOVISIONAIj MANTJAl, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 53 The depot is commanded by a major and the personnel consists of one ordnance depot company, as shown by the following table: (o) Headquarters section, which includes all company administration work, cooks, orderlies, etc. (5) Depot administrative section, which handles all paper work, such as requi- sitions, invoices, statistical records, and balance of store cards. (c) A storehouse section which is responsible for the actual receipt and issue of all materiel. (d) A transportation and labor section whose duties consist of the loading and unloading of all trucks, railway cars, etc., and the furnishing of the neces- sary labor for yard work. (e) Salvage section, which has charge of all salvage work in the depot and will be responsible that materiel injured in shipment is put in condition for issue. (/) Advance supply sections should be two or more in number, depending upon the tactical situation. This section functions as an advance Echelon of the army general supply ordnance depot. Table of organization army general supply ordnance depot. Rank. Head- quarters section. Admin- istration section. Store- house section. Trans- porta- tion and labor section. Salvage. Advance supply section. Total. Major 1 I Taptain 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 7 1 1 2 1 4 5 1 6 6 2 1 6 12 Serge^t'of ordnance 2 1 2 3 7 1 2 6 2 10 20 18 Cooks 4 Private, first class 2 5 12 5 32 32 4 68 Total enlisted 16 15 30 58 5 42 164 17 17 31 57 5 44 Transportation: 1 motor car, 5-passenger; 1 truck, 3-ton; 1 truck, 1-ton; 1 truck, J-ton; 2 motor cycles with side car. NOTK.— With the exception of one major and the transportation as shown, this organization is the same as that of an ordnance depot company. The commanding officer of the depot has general supervision of all activities of both the main depot and the advance supply sections. In cooperation with the general supply officer of the army ordnance office he reconunends sites for new depots and, after approval by the proper section of the General Staff, supervises their installation. One captain, assisted by a second lieutenant, will have charge of the handling of all requisitions and the determination of materiel to be issued. He will be directly responsible to the commanding officer for the organization and operation of the administrative section. Unusual and excessive requisitions will be sent to the army ordnance officer for action. Kequisitions are received from organizations in duplicate, if practicable, after approval by the division, corps, or army ordnance officer, or higher authority con- cerned. After examination, to determine what issues will be made upon a requisi- 54 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. tion, orders upon the storehouse are drawn up in triplicate. One copy of this order is sent, together with one copy of the requisition to the chief ordnance officer of the theater of operations; one copy is furnished to the storehouse; and the third copy sent to the proper division, corps, or army ordnance officer concerned. To replenish the stock of the army general supply depot, each army will be given a credit determined by general headquarters, covering all items except controlled stores; this credit to be placed at one or more base depots. Requisitions from army supply depots will go to the army ordnance officer for transmission through the general staff to the regulating officer. If supplies in excess of the credit allotted to the army are needed, the requisition must go through general headquarters for approval. Accountability does not exist in the area of the armies, but responsibility does exist, and it is essential to record the issues made to organizations in such manner that the quantities of any item issued to each division are known at all times. Receipts are obtained for all issues made from the supply depots. A complete set of books, as prescribed for use in the base general supply ordnance depot, Chapter XIII, will be maintained which will show, by items and by organizations, the issues made from the depot. When any organization makes demands that are distinctly in excess of the demands for similar items by other organizations, the depot com- mander will report the matter to the army ordnance officer and the latter, if he deems it advisable, will request the proper army general staff section to investigate the supply service of that particular organization. One first lieutenant will have direct charge of the storehouses and outside work and will be responsible to the commanding officer that all approved requisitions are promptly filled and that mat&iel is arranged in a satisfactory manner. A lieutenant will have command of each advance supply section of the supply depot, and will be responsible for the satisfactory operation thereof, the issue of materiel, organization of salvage groups, and the maintenance of a sxifficient stock on hand to fill all small or urgent requisitions. The headquarters section consists of one acting first sergeant, one mess and one company supply sergeant, one company clerk, four cooks for officers and men, three mess hall orderlies, six kitchen police, and one barracks orderly. The administrative section consists of one ordnance sergeant, assisted by one corporal, as balance of stores clerks; one sergeant, first class, as invoice clerk; one sergeant assisted by two corporals as stenographers and typists; one sergeant, first class, as statistical clerk for charts and records other than balance of stores cards; one corporal as motor cycle messenger; two privates, first class, as office messengers, and five privates as orderlies and watchmen. The stores handled in the depot are stored according to the grouping used in the base general supply ordnance depot: Group handles all personal equipment, entrenching tools, horse equipment, and leather. Group D handles all cleaning and preserving materiel, marking devices, paints, etc. Group E handles all hardware, general bar stock, tools, and machinery. Group F handles topographical and fire-control equipment. Group G handles wheeled equipment and spare parts for wheeled equipment. Group A is handled by the semimobile small-arms and machine-gun center. Groups B and H are handled by the heavy mobile ordnance repair shops. The transportation and labor section is commanded by a lieutenant, assisted by one sergeant first class acting as a yard foreman, with a labor detachment of 6 ser- geants, 12 corporals, and 37 privates, who will handle the loading and unloading of all materiel; will also perform such other manual labor as may be required in the depot. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 55 The salvage section consists of one sergeant, ioxn privates, and Buch. other addi- tional labor as may be necessary for the cleaning and repairing of ordnance materiel of a general nature. It, however, will not undertake the repair of articles requiring machine work or other work that under normal conditions would be done by one of the authorized ordnance repair shops. Each advance supply section consists of one ordnance sergeant, who will have general supervision of the detachment, and will act as commanding officer in the absence of the lieutenant, also 1 sergeant, 3 corporals, 1 cook, 5 privates, first class, and 10 privates. This section will requisition for ordnance materiel, such as cleaning and preserving, oils, greases, etc., personal equipment and property of a general nature; they will not, however, carry in stock such articles as file-control instruments, caissons, reel carts, etc. A record will be forwarded each day to the army general supply ordnance depot, showing the approximate amount of materiel on hand and the amount issued to the several organizations of the army. They requisition such materiel as to keep their stock up to the amount as determined by the commanding officer of the army general supply ordnance depot. They will not, however, keep any elaborate set of records or balance of stores cards. Issues will be made from the stock of the advance supply section upon the approval of the division, corps or army ordnance officer within certain limits . These limits will depend upon the stock which is prescribed in army orders to be maintained by the advance supply sections. These army orders should prescribe, for example, a weekly credit for each division and for special troops of corps and army a certain amount of cleaning and preserving materiel and of personal equipment. A credit per division of 500 sets of personal equipment per week is a suitable allowance for this type of materiel. The credits of cleaning and preserving mat^riels depend upon climatic conditions. Experience will determine the proper stock and the amounts to be allowed each week. Based upon this information the stock can be maintained by rail shipments from the army general supply ordnance depots, thus taking a certain amount of truck traffic off the roads. It shall be the duty of this section to recover from salvage dumps the articles handled in their advance depot, placing 'the same in stock and notifying the army general supply ordnance depot of the amount of mat&iel so recovered. Conditions permitting, it will organize salvage groups and recover all ordnance property possible, taking necessary steps to return the several items to the proper ordnance depots or shops. SEMmOBILE SMALL-ARMS AND MACHINE-GUN CENTER. This center serves a double purpose of a supply depot and a repair shop. It will carry for purpose of supply a stock of machine guns, automatic rifles, 37-mm. cannon, infantry trench mortars, automatic pistols, together with the spare parts of these weapons and the pertaining equipment that is peculiar to these weapons only; that is, equipment that is issued for use with these weapons and not for general pur- poses will be kept and issued from this depot. Spare parta for all of the above weapons will be issued to mobile ordnance repair shops and not direct to line organizations, except in those cases where a mobile ordnance repair shop does not accompany the troops. Similarly, issues of machine guns, automatic rifles, and special arms will normally be made to the mobile ordnance repair shops, from which latter shops the units draw these weapons. Rifles, bayonets, machine guns, machine-gun harness, etc., may be issued upon requisitions approved by the division ordnance officer and need not pass through the mobile ordnance repair shops. 56 PROVISIONAIi MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE, The stock of supplies of the center will be maintained by requisitions through the army ordnance office for transmission through the general staff to the regulating officer. (Sample.) To be made out in Shop upon receipt of work. To be abstracted by Record Clerk on Form No. 2. Card No. 87 "WORK COMPLETED. Work. Date '.. Piece No. Name. Disposition. 1 7342 8731 4027 12073 Br. AutoKifle 2 11 11 n 3 11 11 It 4 Autopistol SPARE PAET3 USED. Qty. Name. Qty. Name. (2)+(3) 1 Recoil sp 1 Extractor 1 (4) 1 Link 1 Link pin Remarks and result of test: (2) (3) (4) Tested 0. K. Detach here. Card No. 87 Send to Record Clerk when filled out. WORK EECEIVED. Work. Date. Piece No. Name. Piece No. Issued in Exchange. 7342 8731 4027 12073 Br. Auto Rifle.... Autopistol Organization Co. L. Condition on receipt: (1) Very rusty. 00 Form 7060D PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR OKDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 57 Form No. 1 to be abstracted on tMs form dally by record clerk. TUs lonn contains complete record of all work received and work done per model. Spare parts used to be deducted daily from stock cards. Form No. 3, by record clerk. Repair and exchange. Moael : Work received. Piece No. issued in ex- change. Repair work completed. Work card No Date. Piece No. Name. Organi- zation. Remarks on condi- tion. Remarks on work done. Spare parts used. Dis- posi- tion. Date. Q'ty. Name. PartNo Max Min. Machine gun stock record. Name. Model.. 00 Form 7061 Line No Requisitions. Stock record. Receipts, issues. Date. Req'd. Rec'd. Due. Date. Rec'd. Issued. Bal. Date. Rec'd. Issued. Bal. Note. — Quantities received from salvage are to be entered in red ink. M. 0. R. S. 58 PROVISIONAL MANUAL POR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Raw materiel stock record. Description Minimum Torm No. Date rec'd. Quan- tity. Date issued. Issued to — Date rec'd. Quan- tity. Date issued. Issued to— SG— 201. 00 Form 7063. With reference to repair work this shop takes the overflow work of diYision mobile ordnance repair shops. The commanding officer keeps in close touch with salvage dumps and endeavors to handle as much of the salvage equipment of the type supplied by him as possible. By so doing the deterioration suffered by these weapons due to exposure and delay incident to shipment to base shops is avoided. Also the time saved in returning these weapons promptly to the service will be considerable and valuable. When an engagement is in progress this depot will advance a limited number of machine guns and automatic weapons to previously selected points within easy reach of the combatant troops. These advance depots should be in charge of an ofiicer or competent noncommissioned officer and are for the purpose of quickly replacing losses of these types of weapons. Division ordnance officers should be informed of the loca- tion of these advance centers and be informed that they may draw upon this stock by means of their order. The commanding officer of this center will be under the direct command of the general supply officer in the office of the army ordnance officer. The personnel of this small arms center may be called upon to assist the small arms armament officer in making inspection of the mobile shops as prescribed for that officer. PKOVISIONAL, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 59 Table of organization smiinwbile small-arms and machine-gun center. Adminis- tration. Store- house. Shops. Total. M^or • 1 « 1 1 flaptAlTi , 1 b2 b2 Second Ueutenant 1 3 3 1 4 '1 «3 3 h2 m4 h4 hl4 «14 Rprgpant first nlnss . , , . 5 fV^ft^it of o"lTiancp . i4 i 5 20 Cook 3 Privat* fiist (•l'(f!S J8 110 p6 P4 Privates. k? Tota] enlisted. 17 120 29 q30 46 '50 *J2 100 REMARKS. » Commanding officer. b 2 assistants to army small-arms armament offi- cer for field inspection. ' In charge of administration, d Chief clerk. • 2 stenographers, 1 clerk, t Clerks. E 1 mess sergeant, 1 supply sergeant, b 2 chief storekeepers, i Storekeepers and assistants, i Checkers and packers. ^ Orderlies and kitchen police. > Laborers. >° 1 shop foreman, 1 machine-gun foreman, 1 auto- matic rifle. b Armorers. o Mechanics. p Machinist's helpers. q Headquarters and 1 platoon ordnance depot company. ' 2 small-arm sections Division M. O. R. S. Transportation: 1 motor car, ^-passen^er. 2 motor cycles with side car. 2 trucks, i-ton. 2 trucks, IJ-ton. DETAILED DUTIES OP THE ARTTLLEET ARMAMENT OFFICER. The artillery armament officer will have direct control of all field inspection of artil- lery, tractors, and tanks and general supervision of all ordnance-repair facilities in the army area in so far as they pertain to the above-mentioned equipment. This supervision should include the coordination of effort, the standardization of methods, the securing of personnel, and other matters regarding maintenance. He shall anticipate the requirements for replacements of complete matSriels, such as guns, carriages, limbers, tractors, etc., by study of his office records and the field inspectors' reports. He shall be responsible that requisitions are forwarded to the proper service of the rear in sufficient time to insure the arrival of new materiel when needed. He shall so locate the field inspectors in the army area as to best cover the work to be done and shall furnish to them such trained technical assistants as are necessary for the proper performance of their duties. The term inspection as used here and throughout these regulations means the render- ing of assistance to line troops and the instructing of line troops in the care and opera- tion of ordnance equipment. Care will be exercised to avoid making trivial and unimportant criticisms. Disciplinary measures are not the functions of the ordnance department and will be carrfuUy avoided. In serious cases requiring such action the army ordnance officer will ask for investigation by the Inspector General's Department, furnishing the facts. The armament officer is responsible that the work of the inspectors is uniform in method and that all reports from them give complete and definite information. He shall make frequent inspections of field organizations and repair outfits in company 60 PEOVISIONAl, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. with the field inspectors and more particularly their work and attitude toward the line and repair organizations, for without perfect accord and a spirit of mutual assistance the inspection department can not properly perform its several duties. He shall keep in his office a complete record, Exhibit 13, of each gun or howitzer in the army, information thereon being obtained from the feports forwarded by the field inspectors and those from the division, heavy mobile, or other ordnance shops. Exhibits 24-25. This information should in turn be transferred to such charts, curves, or diagrams as are necessary for the use of the artillery armament officer and the chief of artillery. He will promptly furnish the original data and all charts, curves, and diagrams to the chief ordnance officer. Blank forms for inspectors' reports are shown as exhibits; hereto Exhibits 14, 15,16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23. Upon the movement of an artillery organization from one army to another, the gun record cards and all accompanying reports or other information should be forwarded to the artillery armament officer under whose control it passes. On the final with- drawal from active service of a gun or howitzer, due to complete destruction by a premature, enemy shell fire or wear, the individual records of this materiel shall be closed, and these together with all pertaining information forwarded to the chief ordnance officer for permanent file. Exhibit 13. Date. Gun record card. Caliber, ; Gun Model, ; Type, No Date. H. V. V+H 2. V-H. ^?-xi,ooo Decrease EFAR Scoring. Remarks. Cause of condemnation Moimted on oarriige, type, .; No ; model, Ord, DepU Insp. PROVISIONAL MAITUALi FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 13a. 61 Weekly total of charges flred. Location. 00 1 2 3 4 5 Pnll digs. 00 1 2 3 4 S Pull chgs. 00 1 2 3 4 5 Full chgs. Bate. ■ Issued to— 1 - 5 9 - — - - - — 2 = _ - - - 6 10 - — - - — — = = - - - - 3 7 — = = 11 - _ - - - = - - - - - IL 4 - - - - - S - - - - - - - - - - Fonn TOF 28. Exhibit 14. Weekly inspector's report. GUNS. Bate . Organi- CaUber and model. Num- ber of gun. Bounds fired to date. Increase in dia. Scor- ing. Copper fouling. Remarks. zation. Nonn. Reduced. Horiz'l. Ver- tical. (Signature) . Ord, Dep, Impector. Note. — To be prepared in duplicate on Sunday of each week by inspectors covering guns inspected during that week. Number of rounds recorded should be total number flred from gun or howitzer at date of report. One copy of this report to be sent by courier or fastest a-vailable service to the Chief Ordnance Officer, 62 PEOVISIONAIi MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEBVICB. Form TOF 29 Exhibit 15. Weekly inspector's report. GUN RECOIL MECHANISM. Date. Organization. Caliber and model. Number of meclianism. Hounds fired to date. Pressure. General conditon. Remarks. (Signature). Ord, Dep. Inspector, Note.— To be prepared in duplicate on Sunday of each week by inspectors covering recoil mecbanisms Inspected during tbat week. In reporting the number of rounds fired, care should be exercised to discriminate between the nuimber of roxinds fired from the gun and the number fired while using that particular recoil mechanism. If the recoil mechanism has previously been in service with a different gun, the number recorded should include only the rounds fired since the mechanism was put in service with the gun now in use. One copy of this report to be sent by courier or fastest available service to the Chief Ordnance Officer, A.E.F. Form TOF 27 Exhibit 16. Weekly inspector's report. HOWITZER. Date. Rounds fired to date. Increase in dla. Remarks. (Signature). Ori2. Dep. Inspector. Note.— To be prepared In duplicate on Sunday of each week by inspectors covering guns Inspected during that week. Number of rounds recorded should be total number fired from gun or howitzer at date of report. One copy of this report to be sent by courier or fastest available service to the Chief Ordpance Officer, A.E.F. PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. PonnTOFao Date 63 Exhibit 17. Weekly inspector's report. HOWITZEE RECOIL MECHANISM. Organization. Caliber and model. Number of mechanism. Hounds fired to date. General conditions. Remarks. (Signature) Ori.Bep. Inspector. Note. — To be prepared In duplicate on Sunday of each week by inspectors covering recoil mechanisms Inspected during that week. In reporting the number of rounds fired, care should be exercised to discriminate between the number otrounds fired from the gun and the number fired while using that particular recoil mechanism. If the recoil mechanism has previously been in service with a different gun, the number recorded should include only the rounds fired since the mechanism was put in service with the gun now in use. One copy of this report to be sent by courier or fastest available service to the Chief Ordnance Officer, A.E.F. Form EP-17 Exhibit 18. div corps area Gun condemnation report. EeportNo GunNo Tube No ". Model Carriage No Model Maker . From Battery Regiment Rounds fired (Equivalent full charges) Reason for Condemnation (10-18—2000) .ARMY Date. . . . Maker . . Brigade Wear at Depth of scoring Advance of forcing cone. Other defects Breech mechanism serviceable. Disposition{B'^l'™«=''™=™ Remarks.. iGun. Asst. Arty. A rmament Officer Inspector. Forward in duplicate to Artillery Armament Officer Army, who will forward one copy to C. O . O., A.E.F. 64 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SEEVIOE. FormEP-19 Exhibit 19. (11-18—2000) .CORPS AREA ARMY Gun is Carriage condemnation report Report No Date THE UNDERMENTIONED CARRIAGE HAS BEEN CONDEMNED FOR: 1. Fair Wear and Tear. 3. Damage, Shell Fire. 2. Damage, Violent Recoil. 4. Damage, Premature. CarriageNo Model Maker Date GimNo Model Maker Date From Battery Regiment Brigade fServiceable. Unserviceable. {Gun S^^;;;;::::::;::::;::;;::;;::::::::;:::::::;::::::"::""::"::""":: Sights Defects found are as follows: Cradle Brake Trail Sights Miscellaneous (Quarts) (Liters) of liquid lacking in brake. Pressure in Recuperator Asst. Arty. ATimnHtnt Officer. Inspector. Forward in duplicate to Artillery Armament Officer Army, who will forward one copy to C. O. O., A. E. F. Form EP-14 Exhibit 20. Monthly summary of guns and carriages condemrsd. For Month ending (10-18—2000) Rpt. No. Date. Gun. Carriages. Brake. Remarks. Cal. Mod. Ser.No. Model. Ser. No. Model. Ser.No. Submitted. Ord.Dept.,A.A.A.O., Corps Area Army. ToA. A. O., Army (in duplicate). 1 copy to go to C. 0. 0., A. E. F. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 21. Star gage record. 65 Set. 45. 46. 47. Measurements of Lands and Grooves. I'Snds Set Grooves., / nun.. \Model of. .No. Lands. Grooves. from muzzle. ® ® Mean. ® ® Mean. 1 2 3 4 8 6 7 g 9 10 11 Exhibit 22. Weekly inspector's report. TRENCH MOETAE. Organization. Caliber and modeL Mortar No. Rounds fired. General con- dition. Remarks. Forward one copy to C. O. O. 138968°— 20 5 Signature. Ord. Dept. iTispector. 66 PROVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE BIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 23. div corps area army. Trench-mortar condemnation report. Date Report No Gun No Model . . Mortar No Model From Battery Regiment . Rounds fired (Equivalent full charges) Reason for Condemnation . Maker . . Maker . . Brigade. "Wear at Other defects. . Disposition,. Remarks Asst. Arty, Armament Offtcer Inspector. Forward in duplicate to Artillery Armament Officer Army, who will forward one copy to C. 0. 0., A. E. F. Form EP-IS. Exhibit 24. Report of gun and howitzer repair. (10-18—5000) Report No. .Shop No attached to. GUN". CARRIAGE. BRAKE. CaUber Model No Model No No Received from Battery Reg Division. Date Rounds Fired Charge No. CONDITION WHEN RECEIVED: Bore Breech Mechanism Recoil Mechanism; liquid short. ; pressure. Carriage Condition due to Material used in repair . Other work done. Issue to Date . Remarks To Asst. Artillery Armament Officer Corps Area (in duplicate). To Artillery Armament Officer Army. Ord, 'Dcpt., Commanding. Ord. Dept.,A. A.A.O. (See reverse side for remarks and instructions.) PEOVISIONAl, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. REMAKES. 67 Use or Report.— Reports on eaoli gun, etc., from every shop will be examined intheOfflceot the Chief Ordnance Officer, A. E. F., and statistical records made therefrom. They will furnish a basis for correction of designs and development of Ordnance matfi'iel. These reports will also be used for com- pilation of historical records of guns and carriages and condition of guns as to wear. To assist In this development work the full cooperation of all shop officers by making full and accurate reports is requested. mSTRUCTIONS. This Report should be submitted in duplicate by the Artillery Repair Unit and should mention each component repaired on the gun or carriage in question. The part of report referring to inspection may be made either by the Inspector or the Shop Officer. The Shop Officer will be held responsible for the cor- rectness of the report and for its prompt submission. Send it direct to the Assistant Artillery Armament Officer of your Corps. Under"SerialNo."includ6arsenalnumber or manufacturer, and year; as "Gun 1475, Puteaux-'17." Under "Received from " report the regiment and battery or if from stock or the rear the name of the place of storage or depot. Under " Condition of bore " report coppering, pitting, state of gun as to wear, and otlier defects. Under "Condition of brake," if quantity of liquid is correct report it as " full." Report pressure as read on gauge. Under various headings report shortages, breakages, and unserviceability of mat&iel other than such minor pieces as screws and bolts. Under ' ' Condition due to " report, for example, fair wear, enemy fire, prematures, etc. Under "Rounds fired" report total number of rounds gun has been fired for each charge up to date according to gun book. Under "Material used in repair" report all important components except screws and bolts and such unimportant items, unless you desire to call attention to some defective design of these otherwise unim- portant items. rormEP-12. Exhibit 25. Daily report of material on hand in shop. Shop No Attached to Date.. The following material undergoing repairs on hand in shop last night: (lO-lS-3000) Caliber. Model carr. Serial No. carr. Serial Recoil Nature No. gun. mech, of defect. Date re- Prob.date ceived. comp. Cause of delay. Ord.Deptf Comdg. Submitted. To Artaiery Armament OfHeer, Ord. Dept., Asst. A.A.O. (See reverse side for instructions.) INSTETTCTIONS. Report daily the total number of guns and carriages on hand in the shop, except spare serviceable guns and carriages, whether they be under repair or awaiting transportation. If spare guns and carriages on hand are not serviceable, they must be entered upon this report. One copy of this report wUl be forwarded by courier to the Assistant Artillery Armament Officer covering the condition in the shop at 11.69 P. M. of the preceding day. It will then be forwarded to the Artillery Armament Officer with any necessary explanations. 68 PBOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SEBVICE. Daily report of repair units. Shop Attached to Date., The following material undergoing repairs was on hand in the shop last night: 00FonaT07S Number assgnd. to org. main- tained. No. in shop. Number compl. dimng day. No. in shop to be comp. within 48hrs. No. which can not be comp. withm 48hrs. Cause of delay. ATnn.TrnfiTf(F W T).) Amn Tn^nV (NfVSh) Art.Rep.TruckCF.W.D.) .. Art.Rep. Truck (Nash) Art.Sup. Truck (F.W.B.) .. Art. Sup. Truck (Nash) Equip-Rep. Truck (F.W.D.) Equip. Rep. Truck (Nash)... Maeh. Gun Truck (Ford) T.igbi; ■R.ApairTninV ■ Staff Observation Car 5-ton Artillery Tractor 10-ton Artillery Tractor 20-ton Artillery Tractor Mark VIII Tank 3" Field Gun Trailor 3" Anti-Air. Gun Trailer 10-ton Trailer Assistant Artillery Armament Officer. To Artillery Armament Officer Army. Ord. Dept., Comdg. Ord. Dept, Asst. A. A. 0. INSTRUCTIONS. Submit this report daily direct to Assistant Artillery Armament Officer, and cover all matter which Is reported to be or tnown to be in need of repairs, whether actually in shop or not. Cover conditions existing at 11.59 p. m. of the preceding day. The report will be forwarded by the Assistant ArtUlery Armament Officer to the Artillery Armament Officer of the Army. This form will be used by repair units assigned to motorized regiments and by mobile repair shops which repair motor vehicles. Such records, Exhibits 26 and 27, shall be kept of all tractors and tanks as to make possible the study of particular makes or models, and to determine the inherent weak- nesses in the method of construction or in design. The artillery armament officer shall furnish to the field inspectors, the repair organ- izations, and to the line organizations, through the proper military channels, informal tion in the form of memorandums, pamphlets, books, etc., regarding the repair, use, or maintenance of all mat&iel under his jurisdiction. If this information origioates in the office of a particular army ordnance officer, it is necessary that it be forwarded to the chief ordnance officer for approval and issue to other armies in the theatre of operation. PBOVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 69 The artillery armament officer shall forward to the chief ordnance officer frequent reports covering the operations of artillery materiel and copies of all technical reports. The artillery armament officer is the connecting link between the ordnance depart- ment and the line troops and his usefulness will depend to a great extent on the initiative shown by him in keeping each branch of the service informed as to the requirements of the other. Form EP-26 (11-18—4000) Exhibit 26. Report of repair of motor vehicles. ReportNo Date Shop No Attacliea to Eecelvedfrom Eeg't Brig Division Corps Army. Name of Vehicle Maker U. S. SerialNo Model Repairs on: Engine Magneto Carburetor Clutch Transmission Rear Axle Front axle Steering System Radiator Track Mechanism Body Note other repairs below: General Condition of Vehicle To Ass't Art. Armament Officer Army. Ord. Dept. Commanding. To Artillery Armament Officer Army. Ord. Dept. Asst. A.A.O. (See reverse side.) rasTEUcnoNS. The report on the reverse side of this sheet shall be submitted, in duplicate, to the Assistant Artillery Armament Officer by each repair unit lor each of the vehicles listed below. The commanding officer of the repair unit will be held responsible for the correctness of the report and for its prompt submission. The report will be forwarded to the Chief Ordnance Officer, A. E. F., through the Artillery Armament Officer of the Army. These reports will be examined in the Office of the Chief Ordnance Officer, A. E . F., and statistical records madetherei^om. They willfumish a basis forthe correction of design. The reports will also be used for the compilation of historical records of vehicles as to wear and mortality. The cooperation of all shop officers by making full and accurate reports is necessary for the preparation of these records. ORDNANCE VEHICLES. Ammunition Track (F. W. D.). Ammunition Track (Nash). Artillery Repair Track (F. W. D.). Artillery Repair Track (Nash). Artillery Supply Track (F. W. D.). Artillery Supply Track (Nash). Equipment Repair Track (F. W. D.). Equipment Repair Track (Nash). Machine Gun Track (Commerce). Machine Gun Track (Ford). Light Repair Track. Staff Observation car. Reconnaissance Car. Ordnance Track-Tractor. 1-ton Delivery Truck. 2J-ton Artillery Tractor. 5-ion Artillery Tractor. 10-ton Artillery Tractor. 20-ton Artillery Tractor. 6-ton Tank. Mark VIU Tank. 3" Field Gun Trailer. 3" Antiaircraft Gun Trailer. 4-ton Shop Trailer. 10-ton Trailer. 70 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 27. Tanle and tractor inspection report. Date Regiment Brigade Division Location Model VeUole Horsepower U.S.No , MJr's. No Engine Carburetor Ignition System Oiling System Transmission Differential Track Frame Miscellaneous Remarks (Signature of Officers) DUTIES OF THE ARTILLEEY, TEACTOK, AND TANK INSPECTORS. The field inspectors of all artillery, tractors, and tanks will be directly responsible to the artillery armament oflScer and will be located throughout the army area to best cover the work required. The duties of the artillery inspector shall consist of the personal inspection of all guns or howitzers in his area; the inspection of guns returned to the maintenance centers for repairs, the final condemnation of all guns removed from service, the instigation of reports to correct the abuse of materiel, the coordination of the several repair facilities, and the correction of improper methods in such shops. Superficial inspections shall be made of all artillery at least eight or ten times during its normal life ; this inspection consisting of a visual examination of the bores for coppering, pastilles, cracks, or other iajuries; the operation of the elevating, traversing, and breech mechanisms, and the accuracy of the sighting mechanism, also the questioning of the battery mechanics regarding the operation of the recoil system and the length of time between the renewals of the recoil fluids. A star gauge and a plug gauge record should be made at least two or three times during the life of the gun, with a gutta-percha impression of any abnormal condition, such as excessive wear, unnatural erosion, or swells. A written report should be forwarded to the artillery armament officer, listing by number all such guns or howitzers so inspected, giving total number of rounds fired with their several charges, also copies of all star gauges and plug gauge readmgs and any special remarks. This report will be transmitted to the chief ordnance officer. The artillery inspector should preferably have his headquarters in the immediate vicinity of the heavy mobUe ordnance repair shop of his area, and should at all times cooperate with the commanding officer regarding questions of inspection and main- tenance of the materiel entering or leaving said shop. He should visit frequently all mobile ordnance repair shops, and while there, make superficial inspection of all mat&iel repaired and ready to be returned to the line. It is, however, to be under- stood that guns will not be kept out of active service because no inspector is available to pass on their serviceability, except for special reasons or where the commandmg officer of the mobile ordnance repair shop does not care to take the necessary respon- sibility. . The artillery inspector should be furnished with a light delivery truck, equipped with the following tools: Star gauges, plug gauges, gutta-percha impression outfit, pressure gauges for determining the condition of the recoil system, and such other special tools as are necessary for the proper performance of his duties. Two non- commissioned officers should be furnished to act as assistants to the inspector in the making of all tests and records. PEOVISIONAL, MANUAL TOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 71 The tractor inspector should operate in the same general method as the artillery inspector, with the exception that his duties should cover more the proper opera- tion and care of materiel. He should make frequent inspections of all tractors, to see that the cylinders, valves, spark plugs, and other parts of the engine group are cleaned and properly set; that the oil and water pumps are functioning properly and that the transmission and track mechanisms are set according to approved standards, and that all parts are kept clean and thoroughly lubricated with proper oils and greases. He should note the operation of tractors while on the march and use his authority to correct and report the abuse of materiel and to instruct the personnel of organizations and to pass on the suitability of such personnel whose duties cover the driving and maintenance of this type of equipment. The tank inspector should function in the same general method as the tractor in- spector and should be sufficiently trained in the latter materiel that he may act in this capacity if conditions so warrant. He should, however, cooperate with the artil- lery or small-arms inspectors regarding the armament of tanks. The inspectors under the artillery armament officer should keep this officer and his superiors informed as to the actual operation of the materiel in question and to instigate the necessary steps for the correction or improvement of design or construc- tion. AraCEAFT ARMAMENT OFFICER. The aircraft armament personnel consists of certain specially trained officers and men of the ordnance department who are attached to the air service for the purpose of maintaining the fighting equipment of the planes. These officers and men are responsible both to the ordnance department and to the air service for the proper exe- cution of their duties. As an assistant to the army ordnance officer there is an aircraft armament officer, together with certain commissioned and enlisted persoimel. His duty will be to supervise the work of the armament personnel in the squadrons, groups, and air depots in the zone of the army. He is responsible, through the army ordnance officer, to the army air service commander. He should maintain close liaison with the air service. At the air depots there are armament detachments whose duties are to handle sup- plies, equipment, and salvage work. There will be a captain or first lieutenant in charge of each section of the work, together with certain commissioned and enlisted personnel, the number of whom will be determined by the number of squadrons served from the depot. Groups axe usually composed of from two to five squadrons. A group armament officer and certain enlisted personnel is attached to each group. The group armament officer is responsible to the group commander and to the army aircraft armament officer for the maintenance of the armament equipment of the squadrons, receives and transmits the reports rendered by the squadrons and will advise and assist the squadron armament officers in technical matters. Each squadron is provided with an armament officer and a number of enlisted men. This personnel will maintain the armament equipment of the planes of that squadron. The squadron armament officer is responsible to the squadron commander and to the group armament officer for the performance of his duties. Army organization. — ^The aircraft armament officer of the army is an assistant of the army ordnance officer. He will be a major and will be assisted by a first lieuten- ant, one ordnance sergeant, and one corporal. The aircraft armament officer and his assistant should make frequent visits to and inspections of the squadrons and groups to see that supplies are maintained in proper quantities, and that the equipment is being maintained in perfect operating condi- tion. He supervises the work of the armament personnel at the air depots in the zone of the army. 72 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. He receives the reports of the squadron and group armaiment officers and submits consolidated reports to the army ordnance officer for the chief of the aircraft armament section. The army aircraft armament officer is charged with securing and distributing per- sonnel among the air service units in the army. He frequently consults with squadron and group commanders relative to the work of the armament personnel and makes such changes and replacements as may become necessary. Before newly arrived arma- ment officers are assigned as squadron armament officers the army aircraft armament officer sees that they receive at least a short period of training as assistants under arma- ment officers who have had considerable experience. Where practicable, the non- commissioned armament personnel of new squadrons will be drawn, either wholly or in part, from squadrons which have been operating. This prevents much of the trouble due to starting new squadrons with entirely inexperienced personnel. Installation. — At the aerial armament centers in the rear all armament equipment is tested and worked in. The equipment is then mounted and all adjustments made, after which the guns and sights are dismounted and shipped to the army air depots for issue to the squadrons. This prevents damage to and deterioration of the armament between the equipment parks and the squadrons. The squadrons will draw this materiel, through the group, in sufficient excess to enable them to keep in stock the complete equipment for three planes. They will retest and adjust the guns and then store them until needed for new planes. Bomb racks on pursuit and observation planes are installed in the squadrons. Bomb racks, other than "built-in" type, are installed and adjusted at the equipment parks. Bomb racks of the ' ' built-in " type are built into the fuselage or wings at the factory, but these will be tested and adjusted at the equipment parks. Arrmiment supplies. — All armament materiel, with the exception of initial equip- ment for squadrons and equipment received on planes, will be procured by requisi- tion. Initial equipment will be shipped from depots in the rear to the air depots in the zone of the armies, where it will be held until the squadrons are organized. The squadron armament officer will see that this materiel is received by the squadron. The initial equipment, other than armament received on planes, includes machine guns, spare parts and accessories, sight and accessories, signal pistols, tool kits, clean- ing and preserving materiel, etc. Squadron armament officers will formulate all requisitions for armament materiel for the squadrons and will forward them to the group armament officer. Materiel which is not available in the group armament stock will be secured by requisition of the group armament officer on the air depot or advanced depot, if there be one near the group. Groups operating near an advance depot will, in every case, first apply to that depot for materiel. When a squadron is not part of a group, the squadron armament officer deals directly with the depots. Requisitions will be made in triplicate on standard forms. One copy will be re- tained by the reqiiisitioner and two copies forwarded to the depot. In making requisitions correct nomenclature, size, and caliber will be used. Failure to do so will result in confusion and delay. Emergency requisitions may be made in the most convenient manner, but will be confirmed by properly made out requisitions. In emergencies, squadrons may deal direct with any depot which can supply the material desired. All armament officers will be provided with equipment tables, which show the amount and type of material to be carried by each unit. The authorized quantity will be maintained at all times, but not exceeded except imder unusual conditions. The armament officers of isolated units will use their judgment in accumulating supplies in excess of the authorized equipment. Reports and records. — Squadron armament officers are responsible for keeping records of all armament activities of their squadron and for forwarding the required reports. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 73 Squadron records will be kept on proper forma (see copies attached). Beceipts, expenditures, and losses of all armament supplies, except ammunition, are kept on the stock record card. Exhibit 28. Daily records of receipts, tests, and expenditures of ammunition are entered on the ammunition record card. Exhibit 29. Am indi- vidual gun record card, Exhibit 30, will be kept of each gun. This record wUl show aU adjustments of the gun and the result of all tests, as well as daily records of expen- ditures, breakages, and stoppages. The stoppage record card, Exhibit 31, will show in detail each malfunction which has occurred on a gun, together with cause and remedy. If properly kept, it enables the armament officer to compare the various causes of gun trouble and to pay particular attention to their elimination. The armament breakage record card, Exhibit 32, shows, in addition to breakages on guns, all breakages of armament material, together with all available data relating to the length of service given by the article before failure. Mininmm. . Maximum.. Exhibit 28. Stock record. Article. Date. Received (amount) Expended. Balance. Date. KeoelTed (amount) Expended. Balance. Amount. Dlsi>ositlon. Amount. Disposition. Maximum.. BxHiBrr 29. Ammunition record. Minin Article On hand. Eeoelved. Kft. turned. Expended. Tested. Bejected. Lot No. Nature o£ de- fects. Date. In air. On ground. 74 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Date received-. Received from. Exhibit 30. GUN NUMBER CAL. Date disposed ot Disposition Plane number. Lock or block number. Barrel number. Date cleaned. Spring tension. Recoil- ing parts. Rounds fired. Remarks. Date. Air. Ground. (Stoppages, break- ages , results of com- bat, etc.) Exhibit 31. Stoppage record. Date. Gun num- ber. Plane. Flight num- ber. Stoppage. Remarks (cause, No.l. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. Gear. remedy, etc.). Exhibit 32. Armament breakage record. Date. Name of gun sight, etc., and number. Rounds fired. Name of part and nature of defect. PKOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 75 Squadron reports will be furnished weekly and monthly to the Army aircraft armament officer through the group armament officer. The ■weekly report will consist of a letter, the weekly armament report, Exhibit No. 33, the weekly ammu- nition reports, Exhibits Nos. 34 and 35, and the weekly gun report. Exhibit No. 86. The letter will include any interesting information relating to the activities of the squadron, recommendation as to modifications and improvements of the armament, reports of experimental work, etc. The weekly armament report will show the status of the squadron as regards major items of armament equipment, gains, losses, etc. The ammunition report, part 1, will show the expenditures, receipts, and balance on hand, as well as the record of ammunition testing for the week. The ammunition report, part 2, will show the receipts, expenditures, and balance on hand of bombs, signal ammunition, and pyrotechnics. The weekly gun report will show all stoppages occurring in the air and the results of combat. All weekly reports will be made out as of the day and hour prescribed by the Army. The monthly reports will consist of the monthly return of ordnance personnel and the monthly breakage report. Exhibit No. 37. The latter report contains all of the data carried on the breakage record kept in the squadron. ExHiBrr 33. Weekly armament report. Squadron No Name of type 'Weekending Shipping address A.P. O.Xo STRENGTH OF SQUADRON. PLANES. Item. Armament lost. Armament transferred. Onliand assigned to p^es. Surplus (+) or shortage (—). Beason for Total. Salvageable. steps taken to remove it. Armament officer. 76 PKOVISIONAl, MANUAL TOE ORDNANCE TIELD SERVICB. Form A. A. S. 3. ExBIHIT 34. Weekly ammunition report I. Squadron No Name of type Weekending Shipping address A. P. O. No Item. On hand beginning of week. Received during week. Expended during week. Returned or trans- ferred during, week. On hand at end of Air. Ground. week. Service Cal. .30 Aircraft ordinary Cal. .30 Tracer Cal. .30 Armor piercing Cal. .30 Incendiary Cal. .30 Links- Vicker Cal. .30 Links-Martin Cal. .30 Links-Browning Cal. .30 Shot Gun Amm. 12 gauge Pistol Amm. Cal. .45 DEFECTIVE AMMUNITION. Item. Amount tested. Amount rejected. Ctg. lot No. and date of mfg. Nature ol principal defects. Aircraft Ordinary Cal. .30 Tracer Cal. .30 Armor Piercing Cal. .30.. Incendiary Cal. .30. Incendiary 11 mm Total hours of flight for squadron during week . Number of flights during week Armament Officer. PEOTtSIONAIi MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 35. WeeHy ammunition report II. 77 Squadron No Nameandtype. Week ending Saturday.. supping address A. P.O. No. Item. On hand Iwgin- ningof week. Recdved during week. Ex- pended during week. Returned or trans- ferred during week. On hand at end of week. Remarks (failures to func- tion). Xb. demolition I/b. demoUtion Lb. fragmentation Lb. b^mentation Lb. incendiary-scatter.. Lb. Incendiary-scatter.. 'Lb. Mlchelin flare White, 1 flash White, 2 flash White,3flash White, Bflash Yellow,! flash Yellow, 6 flash Green,! flash Green, 6 flash Red,! flash Red,6flash Chenille worm Yellow smoke .•. Triple water spout, white. . Triple water spout, green. . . Triple water spout, yellow. Triple water spout, red Large green stars. .. . Laige red stars Large white stars Flais. RedTsmoke Yellow smoke CaterpQlar worm Holt Sues Position lights, ! m. Position lights, 3 m . Armament officer. 78 PEOVISIONAl, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ExHiBrr 36. Weekly gun report. Squadron No Type -For week euding. Stoppages in the air. Enemy planes reported brought down. , Gun name and serial number- combat or practice. Rounds fired before stoppage. Cause of stoppage. Result if in combat. Gun name and serial number. Rounds fired. Type of enemy plane, etc. — date of combat. Date con- firmed. Remarks; Armament of/iceT. Squadron No Shipping address.. Exhibit 37. Monthly breakage report. -Name and type Month of A. P. O.No. Item. Name of part. Effective life. Remarks (nature of defect, etc.). Armament officer. When each new plane is received by a squadron, the armament officer will have it inspected to determine the condition of the armament and will then fill out the report "condition of armament on planes," Exhibit No. 38. This report will be sent without delay to the army aircraft armament officer, who will forward it to the chief ordnance officer. Gun Record cards will accompany guns wherever they go and, when the guns are finally lost or salvaged, will be sent to the chief ordnance officer for file. The group armament officer will receive the reports rendered by the squadrons and will forward them, together with his reports of stock received and issued, to the army aircraCt armament officer. The depot armament officers will send to the supply section of the office of the chief ordnance officer periodic reports of supplies, issues, and salvage. The aircraft armament officer of the army will prepare consolidated weekly reports of armament losses and expenditures of ammunition, bombs,- and pjTotechnics in the squadrons. These reports, together with such of the squadron letters as contain inter- esting or valuable information, and the weekly gun reports, will be forwarded to the PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 79 chief ordnance officer, as will also the monthly breakage and personnel reports. The army aircraft armament officer wUl forward to headquarters occasional reports of the activities of the squadrons and results of inspections. Depot organization. — ^The duties of the armament personnel at the air depots are to maintain and issue supplies, to maintain the armament equipment on planes at the depot, and to salvage the equipment from wrecked planes brought in by the salvage crews. The personnel necessary for an air depot will be determined by the number of squadrons to be served from it. For a depot serving only a few squadrons all functions may be performed by one detachment. For a depot serving 30 squadrons the supply work should be separate from the maintenance and salvage. There will be a captain or first lieutenant in charge of the supply section, with two second lieutenants for assistants. The enlisted personnel will consist of 2 ordnance sergeants, 4 sergeants, 6 corporals, and 15 privates. This personnel will be divided between the office, the storehouses, and the ammunition and bomb dumps. Supplies for the squadrons are drawn from the depot on requisition by the group armament officers, or in case of necessity by the squadron armament officers. The depot will maintain a stock approximately equivalent to two weeks' supply of each item for every squadron served by the depot. Items of armament equipment will be drawn on invoice from depots in the rear. Bombs, pyrotechnics, and ammu- nition will be secured from ordnance dumps in accordance with noncumulative credits furnished by the general staff. The maintenance and salvage section will be under a captain or first lieutenant, with two second lieutenants as assistants. The enlisted personnel will, normally, consist of 2 ordnance sergeants, 4 sergeants, 6 corporals, and 15 privates tor work on the planes. This personnel should be divided into crews of 3 men, of whom 1 will be a noncommissioned officer. Since there are no guns on planes passing through the depots to the squadrons, the amount of maintenance work is relatively small and most of the time may be spent on salvage work. Exhibit 38. Condition of armament of planes. Serial No. of plane Station Date received Date dispatohecJ (Signed). Armament Officer. 80 PKOVISIONAIi MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Table of organization (war) ordnance personnel of an army air depot. 1 2 3 4 1 Units. Supply. Mainte- nance. Total. 2 Oaptflins . 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 4 3 TntM niTTiTniRsinnflfl ,..., S 3 3 >6 Ordnance sergeant 6 2 4 6 5 10 2 4 6 5 10 >4 7 Sftrgfiant.'? nf nrrinaTKW • 8 8 >12 9 10 10 Privates 20 TotalenKsted 11 27 30 27 30 64 12 '60 REMARKS. » Specially trained in aircraft armament. ' To be armed wltli pistols only when deemed necessary by the commanding ofBcer. All of the armament equipment brought in with -wrecked planes will be removed and, if poasible, repaired. Repaired and rebuilt equipment will be tested and turned in to stock for reissue. Equipment which can not be repaired will be disposed of through the usual salvage channels. Considerable experimental and test work can be profitably carried on by this section rather than at the equipment fields in the rear. This applies, of course, only to minor experimental work for which the equipment of the depot suffices. The maintenance section should be provided with sufficient machine shop equip- ment and tools to permit them to make all repairs on armament equipment. Grcrup organization.— The personnel of the group armament section consists of 1 captain or first lieutenant, 1 ordnance sergeant and 3 corporals. The group armament officer is the technical adviser of the squadron armament officers. He shall keep posted on the work of the squadrons by means of frequent visits and will be ready at all times to assist the squadron armament officers by advice or demonstration. The group armament officer receives reports from the squadrons and transmits them to the army ordnance officer, after abstracting from them the data on expenditures and losses necessary to him in ordering supplies for the squadrons. He obtains all supplies from the air depots or ordnance dumps in the army area and receives and fills requisitions from the squadrons for all classes of armament equipment and mate- riel. He transmits requisitions for ordnance equipment other than aircraft armament to the army ordnance officer and secures this equipment for issue to the squadrons. He also makes frequent inspections of the squadron supplies in order to assure him- self that there is no serious shortage or surplus in the squadrons. The ordnance sergeant attached to the group handles the supply work, with the assistance of one of the corporals. The other two corporals are machinists, who operate the armament artillery repair truck. One repair truck is attached to each group to handle all of the machine work for the squadron armories. Minor repairs and modifications of equipment are handled by this shop. One man will be detailed from each squadron to work in the shop. Squadron organization. — ^Attached to each squadron in the field are one armament officer and a number of enlisted men. The squadron armament officer is responsible to the group armament officer and to the squadron commander for the proper func- tioning of the armament equipment entrusted to his caie. PROVISIONAL MANUAL. FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 81 The Bquadron armament officer is a flist or second lieutenant. Tie enlisted per- sonnel for all types of squadrons, except multi-engined night bombardment squad- rons, conBists of 1 ordnance sergeant, 5 sergeants, 3 corporals, 4 privates, first-class, and 5 privates. For multi-engined night bombardment squadrons there are 1 ordnance sergeant, 5 sergeants, 6 conwrals, 4 privates, first-class, and 6 privates. The arganization of the armament personnel within the squadron should follow that of the air service personnel. That is, the personnel should be divided into three sections each consisting of 1 sergeant, 1 corporal, 1 private, first-class, and 1 private. One section is assigned to each of the three squadrons flights. One sergeant and one private are assigned to the range for the purpose of testing guns and sighting and adjusting them after they have been mounted on the planes. The remaining men are assigned in the armory for testing ammunition, loading belts, working-iB guns, etc. The ordnance sergeant assists the armament officer in supervising the armament work of the squadron and keeps the records. He also assists in making up the various periodic reports required from the squadron. He receives daily reports from each section chief concerning expenditures of ammunition, bombs, pyrotechnics, etc., and enters these reports in the squadron armory records. The sedaons assigned to flights are charged with the mounting, dismounting, and adjusting of guns on the planes. They wiU clean and check the adjustment of all guns after flight and will keep the planes supplied with ammunition. When not employed on the planes the men of each section will report to the armory, to assist in cleaning guns, testing ammunition, etc. Table of organization, group, air service. Units. Ordnance depart- ment. Cactain. 1 1 1 3 Total enjlsted 4 5 Table of organization {war), ordnance •personnel, squadron, air service. 1 2 3 1 Units. Night bombard- ment. Other types. 2 I'^r^t lifflitrf'TiaTit . 1 1 T^Otal nftmTTiiRfiinnpd 1 1 1 OrdTianp^ p^rgpf^nt 4 1 5 6 4 6 1 ■i 5 6 3 7 8 s Tntfil fiiiHstj>d 9 22 18 Aggregate . . 10 *'23 *r 19 EEMA.RKS. * Specially trained in aiicraft armament. 138968°— 20 6 ' To be anned with rifle or pistol only when deemed necessary by the cammandlng officer. 82 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. For squadrons using bombs, enough men will be taken from the sections to form a bomb section, whose duty is to adjust bomb racks and prepare and mount the bombs for each flight. In multi-engined night bombardment squadrons, whose chief func- tion is bomb dropping, there are usually no synchronized guns. Hence the flight sections may be consolidated into one or two and the bomb sections increased to three. The exact organization can not be laid down, as the duties of the armament personnel depend upon the nature of the bombing missions assigned the squadron. The squadron armament officer supervises and assists the squadron personnel in their work and should pass judgment on each newly equipped plane before it is assigned to a pilot. He consults the flying personnel regarding special adjustments of the armament on iheir planes. He should obtain reports after each flight as to the functioning of the guns, and if there has been trouble, should direct the flight crews to make the changes necessary to prevent its recurrence. Since the functioning of guns on the ground and in the air is very different, due principally to the changing position of the guns, they should be tested both in the air and on the ground. It is desirable that the armament officer be a pilot, so that he can take each plane for a flight and thoroughly test the adjustment of the guns before the plane goes into combat. All supplies of ammunition and equipment are secured through the group armament officer. Requisitions for this material are made as hereinafter prescribed. The group armament officer supplies the material from stock on hand or secures it from the nearest air depot. The squadron armament officer should anticipate his needs as much as possible, but in case of urgent necessity he may secure emergency supplies direct from the air depot. Supplies carried by the squadron include two weeks' supply of all expendable material (except bombs), one week's supply of bombs, reserve armament equipment for three planes, and tools, spare parts, and accessories sufficient to maintain the equipment. One very important duty of the squadron armament officer is to instruct the flying personnel in the use of the armament equipment on their planes. Careful perform- ance of this duty eliminates many complaints which arise from ignorance on the part of the flying personnel. Each new plane received by the squadron will have its armament equipment re- moved, cleaned, and given a thorough working-in and range test. The equipment is then mounted and adjusted according to the desires of the pilot. The observer's guns are usually adjusted to fire parallel. The pilot's guns are adjusted to fire parallel or to converge at any range desired by the pilot. While there are certain standard sights supplied for each type of squadron, every effort should be made to supply and mount the particular type of sight desired by each pilot. The sequence of special ammunition in belts and magazines should be varied to suit the pilot and the mission on which the plane is to be engaged. The location of armament accessories on the plane should be optional with the flying personnel where possible. The armament equipment of planes crashed in friendly territory may be removed by the squadron armament personnel, if not damaged beyond squadron repair. Equip- ment so salvaged from wrecked planes will be carefully tested and adjusted before being again put in service. If there is doubt as to the possibility of using any damaged equipment, it shoxild be left on the plane for removal to the nearest depot. Whenever ordnance materiel of inflammable or explosive nature is received, arrange- ments will be made for dry storage at some distance from barracks or hangars. When possible, bombs and incendiary ammunition will be stored separately from other classes of ammunition and detonators. In storing explosives as well as other materiel due regard will be paid to camouflaging the dumps or buildings. Those handling ammunition must be familiar with the different classes. Accuracy and speed in handling ammunition is only attainable by knowledge of the distin- guishing features of the" materiel and its containers. PROVISIONAIi MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 83 Metal objects which have been exposed to gaa should be cleaned and oiled once. Ammunition and bombs not in hennetically sealed cases should be similarly treated. Fuses and detonators will not be inserted in bombs until the last moment. If possible, this should be done after the bombs have been mounted and secured on the plane. Safety pins will not be removed until just before the departiire of the plane. The operation of bomb racks will be tested with a dummy or unfused bomb before mounting service bombs. The squadron armament officer is responsible for the mounting, maintenance, and use of the antiaircraft machine gims belonging to the squadron. REPORTS CHIEF ORDNANCE OFFICER EQUIPMENT FIELDS S.O.S. ARMAMENT DEPOTS H.O. /AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT SEC. ARMY AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT OFFICER \AIR DEPOT \aOV: DEPOT \ 84 PROVISIONAL MANTJAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ORGANIZATION I C.A.3: A.A. S.C. C.O.O. ARMY O.O. ARMY A.A.O. AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT SECTION AIR DEPOT ADV. DEPOT SUPPLY SYSTEM ACF: FRANCE ALLIES^ ^ STATES ALLIES^ .STATES AfiMAMENT OEPOTS- euNS, SK3HTS, SPCCIAL JtRMAMENT EQUIPMENT. ORDNANCE OEPOTS- AMMUNITION.BOMBS P VROTECHNICSj E TC. CHAPTER IX PKBSONNEL FOS GEKESAL HEADQTTAKTEIIS OP TKB ARMY IN 'I' HK FIELD. This chapter on the personnel for general headquarters of the army in the field has been omitted until the reorganization of the Army has been decided upon and the TTiaTiiial approved for publication in permanent form. 85 CHAPTER X. DUTIES OF THE BAIIiWAY ABTILLEBY ORDNANCE OFFICER. Before proceeding witli an enumeration of the duties of ordnance officer of railway artillery, a brief ex'planation 'will be given of the organization and functions of what may be termed a "railway artillery reserve' ' as it is at present understood. Railway artillery in combatant service is quite analogous to the wrecking service of any railway organization. By this it is meant that although it is a definite part of the combatant organization as a whole, it is not a part and is not under the jurisdiction of the organization of any one army . The term ' ' reserve ' ' is used to imply that it ia a branch of artillery not in use in daily routine service on the front, but is held in reserve at a central point for that peculiar and special type of work for which it has been designed and is peculiarly fitted. The point at which this artillery is held in reserve is known as the "Camp of the Railway Artillery Reserve," and may be considered to a certain extent in the light of a permanent camp. This camp accoimnodates during all of the time that it is not in active service not only the artillery itself, but the entire artillery personnel. It includes, likewise, the heavy semipermanent railway artiUery repair shop, general equipment, ammunition and spare parts depots, and a proving ground for the calibration of ammunition and proving of guns. The ammunition used by this artillery is not used by any other type of artillery and it requires, in general, special facilities to handle it. From the above brief explanation, it will be seen that the functions of the railway artillery ordnance officer are, as far as they concern the general equipment depots, quite analogous to those of a camp ordnance officer. The functions, with reference to the administration of an ammunition and spare part depot, ammunition inspection service, and artillery inspection service, are analogous to the functions of the army ordnance officer. The functions with reference to the artillery maintenance service are peculiar to this type of service. The railway artillery ordnance officer will be qualified as an adviser on all technical ordnance matters including the effects of the various calibers and types of artillery for any specified work. Acting under the supervision of the proper General Staff Sec- tions, he is responsible for the efficient service of ordnance supply and maintenance, including inspection and repair in the Railway Reserve, and supervises, and coordi- nates this work. He exercises general supervision and control of all ordnance supply, repair, inspection and maintenance work and facilities within the Railway Artillery Reserve in so far as technical matters are concerned, and is in direct control of supply, repair, inspection, and maintenance of the artillery. He makes, or causes to be made, such inspection of ordnance materiel and repair and maintenance facilities as he may consider necessary and permits no alterations in ordnance equipment without the authority of the chief ordnance officer, excepting in emergencies. He causes periodic inspection to be made of all storage facilities under his jurisdiction, and sees that proper practice is observed in storage, particularly that ammunition is properly cared for and maintained, and that the necessary technical information is available. He maintains such records as enable him to keep the commanding officer of the Railway Artillery Reserve fully informed as to the condition and sufficiency of ord- nance matMel, all repair and maintenance facilities under his jurisdiction and the condition of all a mmuni tion. He makes such technical reports and keeps such records 86 PKOVISIONAL MANTJAIi FOB OKDNAiTCE FIELD SEBVICE. 87 as are required of Mm by the conunandlng general of the Railway Artillery Reserve by the chief ordnance officer, and by higher authorities. He is authorized to corre- spond directly with the chief ordnance officer on departmental and technical matters in which the policy of the Railway Artillery Reserve is not involved. He causes to be carried out such technical instructions for repairs, maintenance, and alteration of ordnance materiel as may be prescribed by the chief ordnance officer. There are assigned to the railway artillery ordnance officer as assistants the following officers with their necessary commissioned and enlisted assistants for the operation of the services mentioned: Supply officer and artillery armament officer. The accompanying table shows the organization of the railway artillery center for approximately 300 guns. Ordnance personnel for railway artillery center for approximately SOO guns. 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Units. Office ofraa- artfl- ord- nanoe officer. Supply. Armament. 1 Ad- minis- trative office.2 Warehouses. Inspec- tion. Wain- tenance table KThl- bitl. Totals. Gen- eral sup- plies.* Arta- s parts.« Am- muni- tion .a 2 Colonel; *1 *»2 I 3 3 4 *b2 3 *1 *1 1 1 2 2 3 5 *cl »ol •1 1 7 6 el •1 1 6 7 1 Total commissioned 8 4 2 2 1 2 *t7 6 24 9 *hl «1 2 6' 3 2 1 2 4 1 5 20 1 1 2 4 1 5 10 2 2 4 10 2 10 50 «5 9 22 10 Sergeant, fiist class 5 11 f^f^T^p^Tltj! . *«3 42 42" 25 31 2 48 16 42 12 Con>orals. *i2 58 13 Cooks 5 14 Privates, first cla.ss 2 4 74 15 Privates Total enlisted 16 4 8 17 19 35 37 24 25 80 82 16 23 131 137 r307 17 Aggregate. . 331 Five-passenger cars 18 4 19 Motor cydts with side cars. . 3 20 2 21 2 BEUABKS. • 1 sitQleiy armament officer, 1 st^ply officer. i> 1 artillery inspector, 1 amnumitian inspector, e Administration assistant. ^ 1 field injector, 1 proof officer, 1 assistant to armament officer. • In diarge of sections. f Tedinirally-trained assistant. « Clerks. >>Cliief clerk. i Stenographer. 1 Permanent personnel; clerks. i Headquarters section and 2 platoons of an ord- nance depot company. * Two platoons of an ordnance ammunition com- pany. Table 242. ' To be armed with rifle or pistols only when deemed necessary by commanding officers. The administrative assistant in the office of the railway artillery ordnance officer is a captain. He is chaiged with the duties of maintaining the records of the entire ordnance personnel, both commissioned and enlisted, and with the proper keeping of office records. He is authorized to make all emergency purchases, being appointed an agent officer for this purpose, in case no finance officer is available. The supply branch is in charge of a Ueutenant colonel, who is the supply officer of the Railway Artillery Reserve. He is charged with supplying equipment to troops 88 PKOVISIONAIi MAITUAIi FOR 0EDNA2fCE FIELD SERVICE. and ammimition and spares for artillery. He requisitions for equipment, spares, and stock direct to tte chief of ordnance of the army if in the zone of the interior, or to the chief ordnance officer if in the theater of operations. He requisitions for equipment both regular and special in anticipation of demands to be made on his depot. He may requisition by telegraph when stores are urgently needed for the equipment of aiiy troops, or the replacement of lost equipment, or, for instruction purposes. When an automatic supply of stores has been ordered in anticipation of the needs of the troops in the camp of the Railway Artillery Reserve, the supply officer keeps in touch with the supply and requests its expedition when necessity arises. Supply officers of the various organizations located at the camp of the Railway Artillery Reserve requisition for items of ordnance property needed by the troops of their units, these requisitions having the approval of the organization commanders. These requests will be sent direct to the railway ordnance officer. The supply officer has commissioned assistants in charge of administrative, general supplies, artillery and artillery parts and ammunition sections. The administrative assistant is charged with the accounts and record work neces- sary in the office of the supply officer. The officer in charge of the general supplies section is charged with the receipt, storage and issue of all ordnance stores except artillery and ammunition. The officer in charge of the artillery and artillery parts section is charged with the receipt, storage, and issue of all materiel classed as railway artillery and spare parts thereof. The officer in charge of the ammunition section is charged with the receipt, storage and issue of all ammunition including the loading of the special ammunition cars. The assistants to the supply officer shall maintain such records as are necessary to keep the supply officer informed as to the stock on hand, the receipt, issue and probable needs of general supplies, artillery and artillery spares and ammunition. Similar blanks specified for the ammunition piarks of the Army are to be used by the ammunition section. The artillery armament officer is responsible for the inspection, repair, and main- tenance duties in so far as they pertain to artillery and ammunition used by and in the charge of the Railway Artillery Reserve. He maintains such records as enable him to keep the railway artillery ordnance officer informed at all times as to the condition of all artillery, its availability for service, the state of the guns as to wear, etc. He will be prepared to furnish the railway artillery ordnance officer all neces- sary technical information on ammimition. He is personally responsible for the field inspection of all artillery. He specifies what repairs are to be made in the railway artillery repair shop or in the field and passes on their satisfactory comple- tion. He will make periodic inspections of all artillery in the artillery park, will be responsible for the condemnation of guns unserviceable from wear or accidental damage, and will see that all field organizations are instructed on the proper use and care of their materiel. He is likewise charged with the administration of the facilities provided for such work as is hereinafter specified. Inspection shall be made of all artillery at least eight or ten times during its normal life. This inspection will consist of a visual examination of the bores for coppering, pastilles, cracks, or other injuries, the operation of the elevating, traversing and breech mechanisms, and the accuracy of the sighting mechanisms; it will also include the questioning of the battery mechanics regarding the operation of the recoil systems and the length of time between the renewals of the recoil fluid and on examination of the gun books. A star gauge and a plug gauge record should be made at least two or three times during the life of the gun, and gutta-percha impressions of any abnormal conditions, such as excessive wear, unnatural erosion or swells. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 89 The artillery inspector will make a final inspection of all repairs made in the artil- lery repair shop and is responsible to the artillery armament officer that all modifica- tions in artillery by the chief ordnance officer aa well as all field and shop repairs and maintenance are properly executed. He maintains such records with reference to the condition of each individual gun, carriage, etc., as enable him to inform the artil- lery armament officer of its exact status with reference to its availability for service, the remaining life of the gun and of the characteristic field behavior of the gun and carriage. He will supervise the proving of guns and carriages, the firing of range tables and the proving of improvised artillery accessories. He will investigate and report upon all accidents chargeable to defects in the artillery materiel. It is his responsibility to see that all technical investigation called for by the chief ordnance officer with reference to the behavior of the guns and carriages, are properly carried out, and he shall maintain his routine records with such thoroughness and exactness as will assist to the maximum the services responsible for the design of the materiel. The artillery inspector will be provided with one closed car for field inspection service and one light repair truck for the carrying of inspection instruments. He will be provided with the following miscellaneous equipment: Star gauges suitable for the various calibers of guns; plug gauges; bore sights; gutta-percha impression outfits; alidade ; planimeter ; steel tapes ; micrometers ; one complete set of drawing instruments including Ideal draVing instrument; flexible curve; complete set of Universal curves. The ammunition inspector is responsible for the inspection of all ammunition, storage and handling facilities and will see thait safety instructions are complied with. He will make periodic examinations of the condition of ammunition both by visual inspection in the storage house and by trial on the proving ground. He is responsible for the furnishing of all technical information on ammunition, both to the troops and to the artillery armament officer. He will investigate and report upon all accidents that may be chargeable to ammunition, and will keep the artillery armament officer informed as to the behavior of ammunition and any defects discovered. He is respon- sible for the calibration of all ammunition as called for by the commanding officer, Railway Artillery Reserve. He is responsible for the collection, examination, and report on specimens of captured or unexploded enemy ammunition. He shall main- tain such records as will be of maximum service* to those organizations responsible for the design and manufacture of ammunition, and he will conduct such investigations as may be called for by the chief ordnance officer. He will be provided with a fuU set of drawing equipment, Ideal drawing instruments, flexible curves and Universal curves and beam compass. The railway artillery maintenance officer is in charge of the special raiilway repair shop and handles all necessary repairs and general maintenance on all artillery and motor vehicles. He ^pervises the making of all modifications in artillery as specified by the chief ordnance officer or required by field emergencies. He is responsible for the maintenance of such records as enable him to keep the artillery armament officer informed as to the condition and adequacy of all his facilities and the supply officer as to his needs for spare parts and raw mat^riels. He is responsible for the mak- ing up of any necessary designs for emergency equipment or replacements. He shall maintain such records as will be of maximum assistance to the various ordnance design services with reference to the performance of the variotis designs of mechanisms and the materials used therein. Since the personnel of the railway artillery repair shop is responsible for the main- tenance of all artillery, it is the duty of the maintenance officer to take under his charge the special mechanics assigned to each battery while the artUlery organizar tions are in camp. These men will be used in the general maintenance service and will be given such training as will enable them to properly maintain their artillery in the field. CHAPTER XI. AMMXTNITION STTPPLY IN THE ABJIY ABEA. Ahticlb I. — General Discussion. In the supply of ammunition to troops there are two general situations to be con- sidered: (a) Stationary warfare; (6) warfare of movement. By stationary warfare is meant a condition in which the opposing forces have re- mained without movement for a period of time. This is what has been called trench warfare, and is in reality siege warfare. In this warfare the time element is such that roads and railways are constructed to assist in the supply, and the positions of batteries remain unchanged for varying periods of time. In some instances batteries have remained in a given position for over a year. In this siege warfare two conditions exist: First, the plan of action is defensive only; second, the plan of action contemplates an attack with a view to breaking through the defenses. The warfare of movement is a condition in which an army is driving its adversary before it without allowing the enemy to remain a sufficient time at one place to con- struct fortifications that would change the manner of fighting into the character re- ferred to above as stationary or siege warfare. In this warfare of movement the positions of the troops and batteries are changing from day to day or with intervals of a few days, and the ammunition supply problem is entirely different from that met with in siege warfare. The source of ammunition supply under both of the foregoing conditions remains the same. The means of transporting the ammunition remains the same, but the employment of these means changes due to the changing conditions. In siege warfare ammunition supply becomes a routine affair, but in warfare of movement the system must be flexible in order to fit the varying conditions. SOITRCBS OP AMMUNITION SUPPLY. The War Department, through the Chief of Ordnance, is responsible for the adequate supply of all ammunition. The chief ordnance officer in the theater of operations provides base ammunition depots in which are stored all the ammunition intended for the armies. The location of these base depots is determined by the proper general staff section, general head- quarters, which informs the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, through head- quarters services of supply of the amounts of various types of ammunition that will be required at the front, and the chief ordnance officer makes necessary provisions. In the zone of the armies each army establishes ammunition parks, usually located - on standard gauge railways and these army ammunition parks are supplied from the base ammunition depots. Shipments from the base ammunition depots to the army ammunition parks are controlled by the proper general staff section, general head- quarters. Each corps establishes one or more ammunition dumps which are fed from the army ammunition parks. Each division establishes division ammunition dumps. 90 PKOVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 91 The amounts of ammumtion taken from army ammunition parks for the supply of the corps or division ammunition dumps is regulated by the proper general staff section of the army. The amount of anununition taken from the corps dumps for division or corps troops is regulated by the chief of corps artillery. From the divisional dumps ammunition is distributed to the units of divisions under the direction of artillery brigade commanders. The amounts of ammunition to be maintained at the various places before specified, and also the amounts to be maintained in the hands of troops as distinguished from the ammunition held in the ammunition depots, parks, and dumps, is specified by general headquarters, or by army general staff. These amounts will vary mth the status of the ammunition available and with the character of fighting in question; for example, the , amount of ammunition to be retained by battery positions would be less when the battery is advancing tlian it would be in a defensive position or than it would be when a strongly fortified position is to be reduced by prolonged artillery fire. In either case the method for supplying ammunition to the troops must be such that anununition expended may be replaced promptly. The distribution to army ammunition parks by standard gauge railways: From army ammunition parks to corps or division dumps by standard gauge railway, by narrow gauge railway, or by motor transportation. From the corps ammunition dumps to the division ammunition dumps or to regiments, batteries, or battalions by motor transportation usually of the division, but occasionally of corps, and by the combat trains of the units. From the division dumps to. the units of the division by the division ani munition and combat trains. The method of supply in the vicinity of the front is varied, due to the character of the fighting, character of the terrain, location of roads and railways, and the con- dition of the transportation of the various units. It is much more varied in the warfare of movement than it is in siege warfare. CONTHOL OF AMMUNITION SUPPLY. In any war the ammumtion supply is vital. The ammunition consumption is greater at a point where the fighting is intense than at a quiet point of the line. It will hardly be possible for an army to provide unlimited ammunition to all parts of a battle front. It is essential that, at those points where the fighting is active, the ammunition supply be adequate. These conditions require that the offices which control ammunition supply be in close touch with the state of ammunition in all the units. To maintain this close touch with the ammunition supply situation it is essential that frequent and accu- rate reports be rendered by the fighting units to these offices showing the quantities of ammunition on hand and the rate at which the ammunition is being expended. It will be seen that unless these reports are rendered ti^ese responsible offices will not be in a position to intelligently handle the ammunition available and condi- tions might easily arise that units would not be adequately supplied with ammuni- tion at vital points of the battle front, while at the same time units fighting at relatively unimportant places would have available a surplus of ammunition. In order to accomplish the above purpose it is also necessary at times that the responsible headquarters limit the ammunition expenditure at certain points of the battle front. DATS OF FIRE. The term "day of fire " is used to designate a fixed number of rounds of the caliber of cannon in question. It is an arbitrary number .of rounds. Appendix I shows the number of rounds constituting a "day of fire" for the principal types of cannon as used in France, 1918. 92 PROVISIOKAL MANUAL POK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. The "day of fire" is a convenient and ready means of indicating a given amount of ammunition. For example, if a regiment of 75-nim. guns has approximately two "days of fire " it has approximately 14,400 rounds. (24 guns and 600 rounds.) Further, the solution of tactical problems is simplified as the vidt of supply is a "day of fire" regardless of the caliber. Article II. — Functions of Abmt Stapf in Relation to Ammunition Supply. Appendix I is an order issued by Headquarters, Second Army, American Expe- ditionary Forces, and prescribes the manner in which the supply of ammunition will be handled in the Second Army. This order is based upon an order issued by the First American Army, American Expeditionary Forces, prior to the St. Mihiel operation. Where the order of the Second Army varies from that issued by the First Army, changes are due to experiences obtained from the St. Mihiel and Verdun battles. The location of army ammunition parks is determined upon by army general staff supply section, in consultation with general staff operations section and the chief of army artillery. When the locations have been determined the necessary construction work is done imder the chief engineer of the army; the plan of the park is subject to the approval of the army ordnance officer. The location of the parks will depend upon the tactical situation and the terrain. If an advance is contemplated, the parks should be approximately 12 miles from the front Unes. If a defensive action is contemplated the parks should be farther away from the front Unes. The exact distances will, of course, vary with the nature of the country. Army ammunition parks should always be planned in pairs, so that destruction of one park would not leave a sector without a supply of ammunition. The size of the parks will depend upon the terrain and the tactical situation. The amounts of ammunition to be kept at an army am munition park are prescribed by the proper general staff section of the army. The amounts should, of course, not exceed the capacity of the park. The care and handling of ammunition in the army ammunition parks is the duty of the ordnance department. The personnel of these parks is furnished by the ordnance department and is under the control of the army ordnance oflicer. This officer is also responsible for the management of the* parks, for the proper mainte- nance, and for the supply of personnel employed in the parks. In the organization of the office of the general staff supply section of an army, there is the munitions section that handles the ammunition supply. This office receives reports daily that will show the status of ammunition in the army. With these reports as a basis, and with the information as to the tactical plans furnished by the operations section of the general staff and by the office of the chief of army artillery, this section of the supply section, general staff, makes demand upon general staff, general headquarters, for ammunition to be furnished the army for the following day. This demand is made by telephone and confirmed by telegraph. The reports received by the supply section, general staff, army, cover a period of 24 hours. The particular time at which the reports close is determined upon in each army. These reports come: First, from the army ammunition parks; second, from the corps munitions offices. The ammimition park reports show ammunition received in the parks, ammunition issued from the parks, and the quantities remaining on hand. These reports are rendered to the office of the army ordnance officer by the parks and from that office are transmitted to the supply section, general staff of the army. PROVISIONAL MANUAL. FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 93 The corps munitions offices telephone daily to the munitions office of the supply section, general staff of the army, the expenditure of artillery ammunition for the preceding 24 hours. This telephone report should be rendered to the army within three hours of the close of the daily period. This report is confirmed by telegraph. The corps munitions offices render daily written reports to army general staff, supply section, that, in addition to the expenditure previously reported by telephone, include the artillery ammunition received during the 24-houT period, and the amount of ammunition remaining on hand in the corps at the end of this period. This report covers anununition in the corps ammunition dumps, credits due the corps in army ammunition parks, and,ammxmition in the hands of troops. This written report should be sent by courier to army headquarters the day following the telephone report. Corps munitions offices make daily demands upon the supply section, general staff of the army, for the amounts and kind of ammunition required by the corps for the next 24 hours. This demand is made by telephone and confirmed by telegraph. The supply section, general staff of the army, passes upon these requests and allocates the quantities of the various kiuds of ammunition to the corps that are deemed proper under the circumstances. In making these allocations the corps munitions offices are informed by telephone and by telegraph of the amounts allotted to the corps and the particular army ammu- nition parks at which these amounts will be drawn. The allocations are numbered and the army ammunition parks are informed by telegraph and by courier of the quantities of ammunition that they are authorized to issue upon the order of the respective corps munitions -offices. Normally allocations are made for complete rounds. Due to accident and wastage, it becomes necessary for units to ask for extra fuzes, powder chaxges, etc. If granted, these are made as special allocations. No time limit is placed upon allocations, but, due to failure of units to exhaustfrom the army ammunition parks ammunition alloted to them, it becomes necessary at intervals to cancel allocations of a certain age. Copies of forms used by ammunition parks for reports are found in Chapter VIII. AEMY ORDNANCE OFFICE. In the organization of the army ordnance office there is an anununition depot section. This ammunition depot section is divided into two groups. (a) The central munitions office, which is charged with keeping the records of ammunition in the various ammunition parks. This office sends out couriers to the army ammunition parks to deliver allocations issued by the general staff and to collect the daily reports of ammunition parks referred to before. (See Chapter VIII.) The central munitions office is responsible for the correctness of these reports and for their prompt rendition to the general staff. It is also responsible that allocations granted by the general staff are promptly communicated to the parks concerned. (b) The administrative headquarters of army ammunition parks as described in Chapter VIII is charged with the administration of the army ammunition parks. The duties of this group are as follows: (1) To see that the personnel assigned to the ammunition parks is sufficient to handle the ammunition received and issued in the parks. (2) To see that this personnel is properly clothed, fed, sheltered, and paid. (3) To see that a sufficient number among tbiH personnel are trained amnmnition men. That is, that there are a sufficient number of men on duty in the parks who are familiar with the various kinds of ammunition to know the components that make up complete rounds; to know the precautions to be taken to prevent ammunition from deteriorating and the precautions to be taken to avoid accidents, and to lessen the danger from accidental or enemy fire. 94 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. (4) To keep {he necessary records and render prescribed reports. The ammunition depot section is charged with the proper upkeep of army ammu- nition parks. That is, this section must call upon the chief engineer for the con- struction and maintenance of roads in the parks. It must call upon the chief signal officer for the installation of the necessary telephones. It must obtain and install the necessary camouflaging to minimize discovery by the enemy. The personnel of the army ammunition parks is furnished by the ordnance depart- ment. In emergencies any troops may be detailed to man these parks, but there should always be on hand a sufficient number of trained ordnance personnel to insure the proper handling, storage and care of the ammimition, and the keeping and render- ing of correct reports. The commissioned and enlisted personnel of the munitions sections of division, corps, and army staffs must possess a thorough knowledge of all types of anununition used by the field forces. It is the duty of the ordnance department to train and be prepared to furnish, if called on by the general staff, officers and enlisted men for such work. The approximate number required for an army of three corps and 12 divisions will be as follows: For army: 1 lieutenant colonel, 1 major, and 2 captains. For each corps: 1. major, 1 captain, and 1 lieutenant. For each division: 1 captain, 1 lieutenant. ^Enlisted men, army: 4 ordnance sergeants, 2 sergeants. Corps enlisted men: 2 ordnance sergeants, 2 sergeants. Division enlisted men: 1 ordnance sergeant, 1 sergeant. Article III. — Functions op Cobps Stait in Relation to AMMUNrrioN Supply. The chief of corps artillery is charged with the duty of insuring a supply of ammu- nition, both artillery and infantry, within the corps. There is on the staff of the chief of corps artillery a munitions officer. The corps munitions office receives daily by telephone the reports of artillery expenditure from the division munitions offices and from the corps artillery. The reports of expenditure of corps artillery are received through the heavy artillery section of the staff of chief of corps artillery. Later the division mimitions offices and the munitions officer of the corps artillery units submit written reports which repeat the expenditiire previously telephoned and also show the ammunition received and the ammunition remaining on hand. This report covers the same period that is covered by the Corps' report to the army. It must reach the corps headquarters at such a time as will permit compliance by the corps munitions offices with the require- ments of the army covering these daily reports. Thetelephonicreportsof thedivisionmunitionsofficesisoftenanestimateand is cor- rected by the written reports submitted later. The corps munitions offices make a daily demand upon the munitions office of the army general staff supply section for the ammunition required by their corps during the next 24 hours. This demand is ordinarily made by telephone at the same time that the report of expenditures is made. The demand is coiffirmed by telegraph. The corps munitions office is also charged with" the duty of establishing and main- taining corps ammunition dumps. The number of these and their location is governed by the tactical situation and the nature of the terrain, together with the location and condition of the roads and railways. The corps munitions officer, under the ins^truc- tion of the corps artillery commander, is responsible for the maintenance in the corps ammunition dumps of specified amounts of various types of ammunition. The commanding officers of the corps ammunition dumps render daily reports to the corps munitions offices showing the amounts of ammunition received and issued PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 95 during the previous 24 hours, and the amounts remaining on hand at the close of the period. The period of the report is the same throughout the army. The division munitions officers make daily demand upon the corps munitions offices for ammunition required by their divisions during the next 24 hours. Based upon the state of the ammunition supply in the various divisions, in the corps ammu- nition dump, and of the size of the credits alloted to the corps by the army, the corps munitions officer allots to each division and to the corps artillery units speci- fied amounts of ammunition and informs them of the dumps or parks at which the amounts so granted may be obtained. The transaction is made by telephone but the allocation is always confirmed by a written order upon the dump or park. This order is made out in triplicate, one copy is sent to the park or dump upon which drawn, the second copy is given to the division munitions officer concerned, and the third copy is retained in the file of the corps munitions office. The division or corps units send to the corps munitions office for a copy of the order to be presented by the ammunition train at the park, and upon this order the com- mander of the park makes the issue of ammunition. The corps munitions office sends a courier to the park or dump concerned with a copy of the order intended for the park. EBCOEDS OF CORPS MUNFTIONS OrFCE. The system of records in the corps munitions office is as follows: (a) Upon the receipt of allocations granted by the army general staff, a record is entered by caliber and kind showing the amounts alloted to the corps and the army ammunition parks at which the various credits have been given. Exhibit 2. (6) As each order upon any such credit is drawn the number, date, and amount of ammunition covered by the order is entered against the proper allocation. A con- tinuous balance is thus maintained of the amount of any kind of ammunition avail- able for issue by corps order at each army ammunition park. (c) An account is kept with each corps ammunition dump and similarly all orders issued upon the corps dumps are at once deducted from the available balance as shown by the daily report of the corps ammunition dump. Contrary to the practice qf army ammunition parks, there is a time limit within which a division or corps unit must draw the ammunition alloted to it in a corps ammunition dump. This is required by reason of the fact that the corps dumps are not as well organized and equipped as the army parks. Also because the ammunition in the corps dumps ordinarily constitutes the reserve for the corps, and therefore the ammunition in the dump must be always at the disposal of the corps artillery com- mander to meet changes in the tactical situation. It is not, therefore, feasible to permit divisions or corps units to retain credits against the ammunition maintained in the corps diuups. Infantry ammunition is handled in the same manner as artillery ammunition with the exception that the reports to the general staff of the army are made on the 10th, 20th, and last day of each calendar month instead of daily. See Exhibits 39-44 for forms that may be used by a corps munitions office. 96 PKOVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVIOE, IstA. C. U. S. Artillery. Exhibit 39. Daily situation of ammunition. {Report to army.) The. , 1918, at o'clock. Type. No. of guns- Theo- retic: In dty. On hand 12 o'clock pre- ceding day. Allo- cated from Army to 12 o'clock noon. Total. Ex- pended in 24 hrs. Exist- ing total at 12 o'clk. Aver- age per gun. Existing total. CaUber. In for- ward area and on road to units. Corps de- pot. Army de- pot. Remarks. 75 S. H. E.... H.B 1917 Ch. Red.... Special «3 105 155 C.S.17 155 L 77-14 ho others Ord ri-.«.^::: r.A I^T.«.^-.:: F. A Special #4 15 Munitions Officer. Exhibit 40. Sample of request made ly Corps Munitions Office upon G-4 Army For Transportation of Ammunition. From: Munitions Ofl&cer, 1st Army Corps. To; G-4 1st Army, Transportation OfBoe. Subject: Telegram. Requisition for transportation by Date of transportation Weight Material Destination Consignee Station where a guide will be found Munitions Officer. Exhibit 41. Sample order upon Corps Artillery Park covering the transportation of ammunition. Organization Transportation Order No To be executed 1. Tonnage 2. Number of trucks 3. Material to be transported. 4. Place of loading 5. Time 6. Destination 7. Place where guide will be found 8. Mimitions are for unit. Date Munitions Officer, PBOVISIONAL MASrUAI, FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. Exhibit 42. Allocations. 97 Date. Alloca- tlonNo. Depot. Amount aUotted. To whom issued. Amount. Order No. Date. Amount available for issue. 1918. Sept. 15 125 5,000 ....Dlv. 2,000 25 Sept. 16 3,000 Munitiona Officer. 1st C. A. U.S. Artillery. Exhibit 43. Restocking ofmunitums. No. Relatrog to the Depot of Date Units. Means of transpor- tation. Kind of munitions. Number Hour of arrival of units at depot. No. of allo- cation. Semarks. Munitions Officer. (Sample of order given by Corps Munitions Officer to a unit to draw ammunition from an army ammu- nition park or corps ammunition park or corps ammunition dump. Made in triplicate; one copy to unit; one copy to park or dump, and one retained.) 138968°— 2C 7 98 PKO VISIONAL MAlTUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 44. Situation of munitions B-1 (corps dump) 75-mm. H. E. [Sample] Date. Received. Allotted. To whom aUotted. Ord. No. Amount issued. On hand. AvaUable for allot. 1918. Sept. 15 Slots 2 lots XX mv.. 2S 2 lots Slots 5 " 3 " Slots 16. 3 " 17 3 " Munitiims Officer. THE CORPS ORDNANCE OFFICER. The duties of the corps ordnance oflScer with respect to the corps ammunition dumps are to make technical inspections to see that ammunition is properly stored and han- dled and to make such recommendations as he deems proper to the chief of corps artillery. The ordnance personnel of a corps ammunition dump will be attached to the corps ammunition train. Article IV. — Ammunition Sitpplt Service Within the Division. The commanding general of the artillery brigade is responsible for the supply of artillery and infantry ammunition within the division. The execution of this duty is performed by a division munitions officer on the staff of the artillery brigade commander. This office has an assistant who handles the infantry ammunition. The division munitions officer receives the daily reports from the artillery regiments, consolidates them, and forwards the consolidated report to the corps munitions office. The reports first rendered are by telephone or messenger and give the ammunition expenditure of the previous 24 hours. This report is followed by a written report showing the ammunition received and the ammunition expended and ammunition remaining on hand in the various units. The period covered by these reports is that prescribed by the army, but in order that the reports may arrive at army headquarters at the prescribed time it is necessary for each subordinate unit to advance the period about one hour prior to the hour set by the next higher unit. The division munitions officer makes daily demands upon the corps munitions officer for the ammunition required for the next 24 hours. This demand is based upon the state of ammunition supply within the division and upon the requirements of the problems confronting the artillery. These demands are ordinarily made by telephone and oidinarily the corps munitions officer immediately informs the division munitions officer of the amounts of ammunition that he may obtain and the points at which he may obtain it. In active operations due to changes in the situation, division muni- tions officers often make several requests for ammunition during the 24 hours period. At the time that the request is made and the credit is allotted by the corps muni- tions officer, information is given the di^dsion munitions officer as to whether PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 99 the division must provide transportation or whether the corps munitions officer will provide a part or all of the transportation to move the ammunition requested . If the division furnishes the transportation, an officer or noncommissioned officer must obtain the written order from the corps munitions officer that will authorize the train to draw the ammiunition from the park or dump concerned. This practice is never departed from in the case of any army ammunition park. It is departed from in the case of corps ammunition dumps where telephone communication is established between the corps munitions office and the corps ammunition dtunp. In this latter place the order upon the corps ammunition dump is frequently given by telephone and later confirmed by written order. When the corps furnishes the transportation it is necessary that the division provide guides to meet the convoy at a rendezvous point to conduct it to the division ammu- nition dump. This rendezvous point must be selected with great care as it is often difficult with crowded roads and on dark rainy nights to arrange a successful meeting. Corps transportation should not be sent to battery positions except in great emer- gencies, for the extra handling which is avoided by such transaction does not compen- sate for the increased time that the corps transportation is absent effecting such deliveries. The division munitions officer is responsible for the establishment of division ammu- nition dumps and for the proper handling of and care of ammunition in these dumps; he is responsible that these dumps are properly camouflaged and that the safety regulations are carried out. The personnel for these dumps is obtained from the division ammunition train. The division munitions officer should be in close touch with the ammunition situa- tion in the regiments. When he receives requests for ammunition from the regiments or independent battalions, he directs them to the points to which their combat trains may proceed to obtain the ammunition given them. This may be a division dump or it may be a refilling point at which the division munitions officer sends ammunition by ammunition train transportation. Or the division munitions officer may send ammunition by ammunition train transport direct to the batteries concerned. The division munitions officer should maintain close liaison with the corps muni- tions officer and should never be out of contact with him for more than 24 hours. This liaison can often be effected by messages sent to the corps ammunition dumps which are connected by telephone to the corps munitions office. The division munitions officer must anticipate the requirements of the units and not base his demand upon the corps solely upon the demands made on'him by the regiments of his division. He is in a better position to know what the future problems will require and also what ammunition is available for supply by the corps. It is the duty of the division munitions officer when a battery changes position to see that the ammunition left behind by the battery or by the regiments in regimental dumps is moved to the new positions or dumps and made available for use. The moving of this ammunition may be done by the combat trains of the unit or it may be done by the transportation of the division ammunition train. If due to rapid changes of position the division can not move this ammunition, the exact locations of such abandoned ammunition should be furnished by the division munitions officer to the corps munitions officer. During warfare of movement the division munitions officer should keep in the divi- sion dump as a reserve the maximum possible proportion of the division ammunition supply. The more accessible this dump is to the batteries the larger is the proportion that he can safely keep in such dump. Considerable waste of ammunition and con- sequent shortage, at critical times will be occasioned if the entire division surplus is turned overto the batteries and by them unboxed and prepared for use. This practice dissipates the ammunition supply and renders it difficult to assemble and transport the ammunition to the new location. 100 PKOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SEEVICB. INFANTRY AMMUNITION. The same general prindples outlined above are followed in the supply of infantry ammunition and there should always be on hand in the division sufficient infantry ammunition to completely fill the combat and division ammunition trains with their prescribed allowance. In addition, in siege warfare, each unit from the platoon up maintains a surplus of ammunition as a sector reserve available for immediate use. Article V. — ^Employment of Transportation in Ammunition Supply. The means of transportation at the disposal of an army are as follows: (a) Standard gauge railway lines. (6) Narrow gauge railway system in the sector held by the army. (c) Truck trains of the army ammunition train. (d) Ammunition trains of the army troops. (e) Reserve trucks assigned the army. (/) Caterpillar tractors with platform bodies. All the foregoing are subject to the orders of the army staff. Means of transportation at the disposal of the Army corps for ammunition supply, (a) The truck trains of the corps ammunition train. (6) The truck trains of corps troops. (c) Caterpillar tractors with platform bodies when assigned to the corps by the army. The corps may obtain the use of narrow gauge railway for ammunition transportation by making request upon the army director of narrow gauge railways. The corps may direct the division to perform certain missions with the division ammunition trains. Under our present organization this is very seldom done. Transportation at the disposal of the division for ammunition supply: (a) The division ammunition train. (6) Combat trains of the units. The division may obtain the use of narrow gauge railways in transporting ammuni- tion by application to the army director of narrow gauge railways. In siege warfare, particularly when operations are not active, a considerable part of the ammunition may be transported in this manner. In warfare of movement this will seldom be practicable. In siege warfare army ammunition parks are ordinarily supplied by the standard gauge railways. Occasionally in siege warfare army ammunition parks are supplied by narrow gauge railways, the transferring of ammunition from standard gauge to narrow gauge railways being effected at the nearest practicable junction. In warfare of movement, particularly in an advance, army ammunition parks are established in advance of the standard gauge railway lines. If the narrow gauge railway is in operation the army ammunition parks are supplied by the narrow gauge railway. If neither standard gauge nor narrow gauge railways are available then the army ammunition parks mast be supplied by trucks. Effort is made to advance both the narrow gauge and the standard gauge railways by effecting repairs on damaged lines and by connecting up with the enemy lines so as to take the strain of ammunition supply off the truck transportation. The corps ammunition dumps in siege warfare are usually supplied by narrow gauge railways. They may be supplied by standard gauge railways. Both of the foregoing means of transportation are supplemented by truck trains. In siege warfare division dumps are supplied by narrow gauge railways or by truck transportation. In warfare of movement division dumps are occasionally supplied by narrow gauge railways but generally are supplied by truck transportation. The units within a division are generally supplied by thfe combat trains of the division and in siege warfare they may even be supplied by narrow gauge railways, particularly if the operations are not active. PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 101 PROCEDURE. To obtain tie use of narrow-gauge transportation the corps munitions officer makes a request before 4 p. m. upon the army director of narrow-gauge railways. In this request he states the number of tons to be transported, the character of the load, the loading point and the point of destination. The corps munitions officer must see that unloading details are pro^dded at the point of destination so as to promptly release the cars. There is ordinarily at the disposal of the army a certain number of tons of truck transportation. The number of tons available each day for the transportation of ammunition is placed at the disposal of the munitions branch of the general staff of the army. This munitions office apportions out each day to the army units and to the various corps a proportionate part of this truck transportation. The corps munitions offices, at the time of their daily demand upon the general staff of the army for ammunition, ascertain the number of tons of army truck trans- portation that will be allotted to them during the next 24 hours and furnish the army general staff munitions with the desired point of loading of such truck transportation, the kind and amount of ammunition desired to be transported, and the destination of such truck transportation or fiumsh a rendezvous point at which guides will be placed to meet and conduct the convoy to final destination. Upon receiving the daily allocation from army general staff munitions and also the information as to the number of tons of army truck transportation that will be given him during the next 24 hours, the corps munitions officer determines upon the kind of anmiunition that is most urgently required by his corps. He then issues orders to the corps ammunition train covering the transportation of this anamunition from the army ammimition park to the corps or division dumps. The order upon the corps ammunition train is given by telephone and confirmed by order in writing. This written order is made in dupKcate, one copy being retained in the office file. The orders specify the number of tons to be transported, the place of loading, the kind and amount of ammunition to be loaded and the destination or rendezvous point for a guide. In active operations and in warfare of movement the trucks of the corps ammunition train work day and night. The corps ammunition train commander reports by tele- phone every hour to the corps munitions officer the number of trucks available for use, and orders for transportation are issued to the corps ammunition train through- out the day and night. The corps ammunition train transportation normally carries ammunition from army parks to corps dumps; but when corps dumps are stocked the corps ammunition train trucks deliver ammunition from the army ammunition parks direct to division am- munition dumps and in emergencies to battery positions. This may be regulated by the placing of a Liaison detachment from each division at the corps ammunition dump. This Uaison detachment is informed by the division munitions officer of the needs of the division, and upon arrival of corps truck trains at the corps dimips arrangements may be made to place division guides upon the corps truck trains and to forward the trains direct to the division ammunition dimips. When a division munitions officer makes his demand upon the corps munitions officer for ammimition, he is informed as to the amounts he may obtain and where they may be obtained. He is also informed if any of this ammunition will be trans- ported by narrow-gauge railway or by truck transportation of the corps, and how much of the ammimition he must transport by the truck transportation of the division. In warfare of movement, and in active operations of siege warfare the truck trans- portation of the corps is not sufficient to carry all the ammunition for all the divisions engaged. It is, therefore, necessary for the division ammunition trains to draw a part of their ammunition from army ammunition parks and obtain a part only from 102 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. corps ammunition dumps. The corps ammimition dump is used as emergency reserve for the units of the corps. The corps artillery commander establishes a minimum below which the stock of the corps dumps should not fall. Therefore, the divisions are allowed to draw only the excess above this minimum until an emergency compels. The corps munitions officer, must, therefore, give careful consideration to the quantities that he permits the various divisions to draw from the corps dumps, direct- ing them to obtain the balance from army ammunition parks. The divisions are sent to the army ammunition parks nearest the front when possible. The corps artillery traia trucks take the longer haul, and the army trucks at the disposal of the corps are given the shortest or least important haul. As stated before, the army and corps truck trains should not proceed beyond the division ammunition dump. In great emergencies this may be departed from. The distribution from the division diunp is made by the division ammunition train and by the combat trains of the unit. If the division dump is close to the fighting units, the combat trains may proceed direct to the division dumps for loading. If this distance is considerable, a refilling point is established and the combat trains proceed to the refilling point, which is supplied by the ammunition train transpor- tation. Caterpillar tractors with platform oodies are of great value in transporting anmiuni- tion across groimd where roads and railways are not available. This is particularly true of ground cut up by trenches and explosions, as was No Man's Land in siege warfare. In terrain of that nature, while the engineers are laying narrow-gauge railways and repairing roads, caterpillars can proceed with the supply of ammuni- tion when other wheel transportation is rendered immobile. Also when roads are in bad repair caterpillar tractors can draw trains of caissons or wagons loaded with ammunition over roads that are impassable by any other means of transportation. LOADING RULES. Railway cars should be loaded as nearly as practicable with complete rounds. This is not always practicable, due to the method of packing, but each convoy should consist of complete rounds. Powder carried in open railway cars should always be covered with tarpaulins. In loading truck trains, powder should be loaded separately. An effort should be made to have each section of 10 trucks carry complete rounds. Where unfixed ammunition is transported the powder and primers should be placed in the leading truck or trucks of each section of 10. This is for the reason that if the powder truck meets with an accident its load may be distributed among the remaining trucks of the section. Whereas, if it were the last truck and became lost the entire convoy would be made useless upon its arrival at the front. An ofiicer should accompany each convoy to the ammunition park or dump and should be charged particularly with the obtaining of complete rounds of ammunition. Trucks should not be overloaded. The table of truck capacities is given in Appendix I. Officers in charge of a convoy in case of miscarriage or misunderstanding of their mission should endeavor to obtain further instructions by telephone. Officers in charge of an ammunition convoy should always report the completion of their mission. Ammunition truck trains should be furnished with maps showing road circulation and the location of all ammunition parka and dumps. Adequate motor car or motor cycle with side-car transportation should be avail- able for ammunition truck trains so that officers in charge of a convoy may scout ahead of the convoy to obtain orders, warn the ammunition park of the approach of the convoy, or effect liaison with guides at the rendezvous point. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 103 Akticlb VI. — Ammunition Parks and Dumps. Theammumtion supply of the army is stored in: (a) Army ammunition parks. (b) Corps diunps. (c) Division dumps. (d) Regiment dumps. In siege warfare the location of parks and dumps remains fixed and considerable latitude in the selection of sites is possible, as the necessary railways and roads may be constructed. In warfare of movement the time element limits the choices of sites for parks and dumps. It is essential that every park and dump be located on a good wagon road. This wagon road should not be one of the principal circulation routes, because the loading and unloading of truck trains will block the traffic. This rule may be departed from if the road is wide enough to be used as a two-way road, even though a truck train is being loaded or imloaded at the ammunition dump. Army ammunition parks should be located on standard gauge railways or narrow gauge railways, preferably on both. Army ammunition parks should have proper telephonic communication with the office of the army ordnance officer and with Army General Stafi, and a man should be on duty at the telephone alt all hours. It is desirable that ammunition parks and dumps if within 12 miles of the front lines be located in Woods in order to prevent balloon and airplane observation. If it is necessary to place the ammunition in the open the interval between piles of ammu- nition should be ample and camouflage should be used. The reverse slope of a steep hill and a cut with banks of about 8 feet are also good sites when time permits the excavating of shelters in the slopes. In this way the tops of the shelters do not rise much above the surrounding ground and shadows are thus avoided. (Shadows in aerial photographs betray locations.) Signs should be promptly placed that will direct ammunition trains to ammunition parks and dumps. Also the military police should be notified of the location and name of the particular park or dump. Circulation within the park or dump should be in one direction only. The personnel in parks and diimps include a certain number belonging to the ordnance department who are trained in the handling of ammunition and who are familiar with the regulations governing the care and protection of ammunition and are also competent to keep the necessary records and render the prescribed reports. In warfare of movement the division munitions officer in selecting the site for his division ammunition dump should bear in mind the suitability of the location selected for a corps ammunition dump. He should also bear in mind the fact that as his unit advances the corps may decide to establish an ammunition dump in the area vacated by the division and he should, therefore, furnish the corps munitions officer with information as to suitable locations for corps ammunition diunps. Similarly the corps munitions officer in selecting sites for corps ammunition dumps should bear in mind the future needs of the army ammunition park. The corps munitions officer should inform the army munitions officer of sites that are advan- tageous for future location of the army ammunition park. A corps should, when practicable, have an ammunition dump for each two divisions in the corps. In siege warfare it is practicable to store in one dump only field artillery ammuni- tion or heavy artillery ammunition or infantry ammunition. In warfare of movement this is not practicable, for the reason that sufficient suit- able locations will not be found. Also trains wiU arrive at the wrong depot, since 104 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. the digsemination of information as to kind of ammunition in particular dumps requires some time. That is the problem which will be simplified if the division train has to proceed only to one park to obtain the ammunition it may require regardless of caliber. Forms that may be used by ammunition dumps in making reports are shown in Chapter VIII. The personnel required in any ammunition park or dump will depend upon the size of the dump and the activity of the troops. A typical system for the management and accounting of an ammunition park is shown in Chapter VIII. Regulations for card and preservation of ammunition in parks and dumps are given in Appendix II. CHAPTER Xn. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ORDNANCE OFFICER, THEATER OF OPERATIONS. The chief ordnance officer on the staff of the commanding general of the armies in the theater of operations, is responsible to him for the efficient operation of the ord- nance department in these areas. In carrying out this extensive work the chief ordnance officer is responsible for the intelligent supply of ordnance materiel, which requires the establishment of an uninterrupted flow of the necessary materials at the correct time, into the base depots, and its properly regulated flow through the inter- mediate depots to the advance depots and into the hands of the troops in their training areas; the establishment and maintenance of repair facilities from the mobile ordnance repair shop with the combat troops, to the extensive base shops in the rear areas, and including the small shops which must be installed at every organization and train- ing school center; the furnishing of ordnance personnel as required by the tables of organization and as requested by the general staff for their assistance in the various sections of the general headquarters, army, corps and division headquarters, and for the personnel required for the operation of strictly ordnance activities, such as depots, repair shops, etc. The office of the chief ordnance officer, located so as to best meet the particular conditions, then becomes the operating organization by means of which the chief ordnance officer controls, coordinates, and directs the ordnance activities in the theater of operations. In order to secure proper coordination of these widely scattered activities, much personal inspection is required by the chief ordnance officer, so that his main office must be organized to function uninterruptedly and efficiently with him absent more than half of the time. Based on experience in the war with Germany in 1917-18, the following organiza- tion and force should suffice for about 2,000,000 men of all classes. EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT. The executive assistant to the chief ordnance officer is the operating and supervis- ing aid, and is in charge of the office during absences of the chief. He keeps in con- stant touch with the latter by wire communication with him during his absences on inspection trips. He handles matters of routine and brings to the attention of the chief ordnance officer matters of importance, particularly those involving policy or lack of efficiency. TECHNICAL ASSISTANTS. The technical assistants of the staff of the chief ordnance officer in the theater of operations, are a small group of specially selected technical experts. These officers are specialists along certain technical lines of research, and would have no operating functions in the office. They would establish liaison with technical members of any allied forces, follow up any special research work, lay down specifications and plans for new material, make special investigations of the performance of mat&iel in the field, and be special ad- visers to the chief ordnance officer on technical matters. 105 106 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. PLANNING DIVISION. Coordinates and supervises the work of the operating divisions of the office of the chief ordnance officer. Is responsible that correct data, plans, and policies are ob- tained from the general staff, in so far as the operations of the ordnance department are concerned ; that this data is transmitted to the proper divisions of the office, and that proper action is taken by these divisions in conformity thereto. Is responsible that material for the initial equipment of new troops is delivered at the proper time and place by the operating divisions of this office. Is responsible for securing from the divisions and compiling combined requirements and transmitting same to the chief of ordnance. Is responsible for the preparation of statistics and reports and for maintaining and operating an effective system for following tip the progress of all important ordnance activities. This division includes sections as follows: 1. Coordination and supervision. 2. Statistics. 3. Progress. The specific duties of these sections are as follows: (1) Coordination and supervision. — Directs the work of the operating divisions of the office in order that there may be proper coordination and cooperation in handling the work. Handles in a general way questions affecting more than one division, both within and without the office of the chief ordnance officer. (2) Statistics section. — Compiles and maintains, and is charged with the preparation of all periodic and special statistical reports required of the office, the data secured from operating divisions being combined and coordinated. Secures and compiles requirements for material, forwards to chief of ordnance, and follows up delivery. (3) Progress section. — Establishes and maintains a systematic follow-up on all im- portant ordnance activities. In case of need is responsible for initiating the proper action. GENERAl ADMINISTRATION DIVISION. Controls and has charge of all general administrative and service duties of the office of the chief ordnance officer, the central mail and record files, cablegrams and telegrams, the collection and distribution of mail, War Department orders, general headquarters,- service of supplies headquarters, ordnance and office orders, etc., general superintendence of buildings occupied, including their repair and main- tenance, automobiles and other means of transportation assigned to the office; collec- tion, for record and distribution, of all information of a general character, and main- tenance of library and information files, all purchases and all financial records, audit and property accountability with all records pertaining thereto, general drawing files and blue print and photostat rooms. This division includes sections as follows: 1. Administration. 2. Auxiliary. 3. Information. 4. Finance. 5. Audit and property. 6. Drawing files and print room. These sections are divided into branches as follows: (1) Administration section — (o) Mail, telegraph, and cable control. (b) Files. For correspondence, including letters, telegrams, and cables. (c) Tickler file. For general use of office. PROVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOB OKDNANOE FIELD SEBVICE. 107 (2) Auxiliary section — (a) Messenger service, interior and exterior. (5) Autos, motor cycles, and bicycles. (c) Typewriting, stenography, and duplicating for the benefit of the whole office. Stenographic pool and source of supply to other offices. (d) Telephones. (c) Care of offices and buildings. (/) Office supplies. Operation of local storeroom, salesroom and pam- phlet supply; property responsibility in the entire office. (g) Express messenger service. If not otherwise provided and the service is needed, as express messenger service to the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Washington. (3) Information section — • (a) Publications. WeeklyletterstoandfromOhief of Ordnance. Daily summary of important news in connection with the war. (6) Orders and bulletins. Files and distributes. (c) Library. (d) Interpreters and translators. (4) Finarux section — (a) Administration branch. Keeping aU office records and statistics not definitely aissigned to other units. Eouting all mail, cables, and telegrams. Copying and keeping complete files of aU requisitions and orders. Final auditing of aU bills before they are passed on to the disbursing branch for payment. Securing receipts for prop- erty transferred to other bureaus or governments aa a baaia of reimbursement . (&) Purchase branch. PiU'chase of ordnance material, supplies, and machinery, including preparing contracts and placing orders. Investigation and tabulation of sources of supply. (c) Disbursing branch. Securing allotments from the Chief of Ordnance, reaJlotting funds for individual purchases and to agent officers and keeping complete records. Arranging for reimbursement in case of transfers of property. Receiving and depositing in the Treasury funds received from sales. Paying vouchers and pay rolls. Handling questions arising with accounting officers. Treas- ury Department. Furnishing, instructing, inspecting, and super- vising agent officers. (5) Audit and property section — ■ (a) Keceiving and recording branch. (5) Examining branch. Audits returns, prepares error letters, etc. (c) Field auditing and accounting branch. Provides and trains field auditors for ordnance depots. Inspects field auditing and checks all vouchers from such depots. (6) Drawing files and print room, — (a) Drawing files. (b) Print room. (c) Photographic laboratory. PERSONNEL DIVISION. Secures, assigns, and has general supervision of all personnel in the Ordnance Department, in the theater of operations, including officers, enlisted men, and civilian employees. Maintains military history and records of all personnel. 108 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Establishes, maintains, and supervises in cooperation with the operating divisions, all schools of instruction. Has charge of the enlisted men's detachment of the office. Has charge of issuing all travel orders, granting leaves, etc. Maintains files of recommendations for promotion of officers and enlisted men. Maintains continuous board for promotion and reduction of enlisted men. Is, in general, the agent of the operating divisions in regard to personnel. This division includes sections as follows: 1. Administration. 2. Commissioned. 3. Enlisted. 4. Labor. 5. Personnel supply and assignment. 6. Promotions and reductions. 7. Instruction. 8. Enlisted detachment. (1) Administration section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections; handles all work of a common interest to the several sections, including the mail and record room, cables, telegrams; issuing of travel orders. (2) Commissioned section. — ^Handles all correspondence relating to commissioned officers and maintains records showing orders, qualifications, military history, stations, and divisions of the office of the chief ordnance officer to which assigned. Issues all orders pertaining to the individual officers. All card records pertaining to commissioned personnel will be centralized in this section. (3) Enlisted section. — Performs for enlisted men the personnel functions similar to those outlined for the commissioned section. (4) Labor section. — ^Has charge of all civilian personnel, of all enlisted and commis- sioned personnel secured from other departments or services for labor only; and of all prisoner-of-war labor. Prepares civilian pay rolls. Responsible for the requirements of the ordnance department in the theater of operations, for labor and for its procurement. Maintains records showing the numbers and general classifications of those employed and the places at which employed. (5) Personnel supply and assignment section.—rHaa charge, in cooperation with the operating divisions of the procurement of commissioned and enlisted personnel and maintains records showing all personnel requirements in connection with authorized projects and tables of organization. Directs the assignment of all commissioned and enlisted personnel in accordance with requests of controlling divisions. (6) Promotions and reductions section. — Secures recommendations for promotion and reduction of commissioned and enlisted personnel and forwards to board "of officers" appointed to act on such recommendations. Makes such disposition of the reports as may be proper. Has general charge of all records; initiates and follows up action. (7) Instruction section. — Establishes courses of instruction as prescribed by the operating divisions; organizes and operates such courses, furnishes facilities, and maintains necessary records in connection therewith. Secures necessary instructors and students from operating divisions, and upon graduation issues diplomas and re- turns the students thereto. (8) Enlisted detachment. — ^Has charge of all enlisted personnel on duty in the office of the chief ordnance officer, in so far as administration is concerned. The commander of this detachment reports direct to the head of the personnel division. AIRCRAFT ARMAMENT DIVISION. Handles all matters of a technical nature required in operations pertaining to air- craft armament, bombs, pyrotechuics, ajid ammunition. PROVISION Ali MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 109 Prepares for transmissioii to the chief of ordnance reports from the field, dealing with the performance of the materiel, and suggestions for the improvement of existing types or for the development of new types. Determines and maintains tables of requirements, and is responsible for the pro- curement of the required amounts of materiel from the main source of supply or through the ordnance purchasing agent. Directs, controls, and is responsible for the installation on planes of all aircraft armament, including machine guns, machine-gun sights, release devices, etc., and for the supply of this materiel, including bombs, but excepting other ammunition. Storage and issue is handled by the storage and traflSc division but controlled by the aircraft armament division. Is responsible in cooperation with the maintenance division for maintenance of armament and ordnance equipment of planes. This division includes sections as follows: 1. Administration. 2. Technical. 3. Requirements and supply. 4. Maintenance. (1) Administration section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections irnder the head of the division; handles aU work of common interest to the several sections; maintains mail and record room, cables and telegrams for the division; handles person- nel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. (2) Technical section. — In charge of technical matters involving service operations pertaining to aeroplane arms and the special ammunition therefor, bombs, bomb sights and releases, and suspensions and pyrotechnics. Liaison with the air service; securing service reports as to the performance of the armament and furnishing them to the chief of ordnance with any criticisms, suggestions for improvements, or plans for new design or types. (3) Requirements and supply section. — ^Maintains tables and charts of equipment and imit rate of supply; reviews issues from depots and consumption by troops; re- vises maximum and Tm'Tn'Tnmn quantities for articles at depots; estimates tonnage requirements and determines priority for land and water transportation for informa- tion of general supply, storage and traffic division; maintains tables, etc., showing weights, packing, etc. , of material pertaining to this division ; from schedules of require- ments issues requisition upon the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, or makes necessary arrangements for local purchase. Maintains records of receipts, issues, stocks on hand, obligations and prospective supply of materiel handled by this division; acts on requisitions; issues necessary shipping orders to properly maintain stocks or to fill requisitions; follows troop move- ments through planning division and takes action necessary to anticipate the needs of troops. (4) Maintenance section. — ^Responsibility in cooperation with the maintenance division, for the installation on the planes at the air service assembling fields of the complete ordnance equipment and for the maintenance of this equipment on the planes at the fro!nt and at the training fields. Cooperates with the instruction section of the personnel division on all matters relating to liie schools for the training of the personnel required for this installation work, particularly as to prescribing courses and furnishing instructors and students. ARTILLERY DIVISION. In charge of all matters of a technical nature, involving service operations pertain- ing to aU artillery material and is responsible for the securing of necessary reports from the armies, showing the performance of the material in action, and for forwarding to the Chief of Ordnance such reports, together with suggestions for improvements in design, or for the development of new designs. 110 proviSionaij mantjal for ordnance field service. Prepares and maintains tables of requirements and is responsible for the procurement of the necessary amounts of material from the main source of supply or through the local purchase agent. Directs, controls, and is responsible for the supply of light and antiaircraft, heavy and railway artillery, fire-control equipment, and auxiliary vehicles. Is responsible for the maintenance of this material in cooperation with the mainte- nance division. This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Light and antiaircraft artillery. Railway and heavy artillery. Fire control. Administration section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections imder the head of the division; handles all work of common interest to the several sections, maintains mail and record room, cables and telegrams, for the division; handles per- sonnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Cooperates with the instruction section, personnel division, on all matters relating to the schools for the training of the personnel for the artillery division, particularly as to prescribing courses and furnishing instructions and students. Light and antiaircraft artillery section. — Railway and heavy artillery section. — Fire- control section. — ^Each of these sections is held responsible for technical matters involv- ing service operations, requirements, procurement and control of supply and mainte- nance of the material specifically assigned to it, as well as the maintenance thereof in cooperation with the Maintenance Division. Is responsible for the preparation, if necessary, and the issuance of all handbooks, instruction charts, and special instructions, etc., pertaining to their particular equip- ment. Maintains tables and charts of equipment and unit rate of supply; reviews issues from depots; and consumption by troops; revises maximum and minimum quantities for articles at depots; estimates tonnage requirements and determines priority for land and water transportation for information of general supply, storage, and traffic division; maintains tables, etc., showing weights, packing, etc., of material pertaining to this division ; from schedules of requirements issues requisition upon the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, or makes necessary arrangements for local purchase. Maintains records of receipts, issues, stocks on hand, obhgations and prospective supply of material handled by this division; acts on requi'^itions; issues necessary shipping orders to properly maintain stocks or to fill requisitions; follows troop move- ments, and takes action necessary to anticipate the needs of troops. MOTOR EQUIPMENT AND TANK DrVISION. Handles aU matters of a technical nature involving service operations pertaining to all ordnance motor equipment and tanks. Is responsible for securing from the field, reports on the performance of the material, keeping the office of the chief of ordnance informed as to the matter of these reports, together with suggestions and recommenda- tions for improvements in design or development of new designs. Prepares and maintains tables of requirements. Is responsible for the procurement of the required amounts of material from the main source of supply or through the ordnance purchasing agent. Directs, controls, and is responsible for the supply of all ordnance motor equipment, including tanks, trailers, and divisional, heavy and heavy artillery regimental mobile ordnance repair shops. In cooperation with the maintenance division, ifl responsible for the maintenance of all this equipment. PROVISION AL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Ill This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Tractor. Tank. Special vehicle. Adrnxmstratum section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections under the head of the division; handles all work of common interest to the several sections, maintains mail and record room, cables and telegrams, for the division; handles personnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Cooperates with the instruction section, personnel division, on all matters relating to the schools for the training of the personnel for the tank division. Tractor section. — Tank section. — Special vehicle section. — ^Each of these sections is held responsible for technical matters involving service operations, requirements, procurement and control of supply of the material specifically assigned to it, as well as the maintenance thereof in coojjeration with the maintenance division. Is resjponsible for the preparation, if necessary, and the issuance of all handbooks, instruction charts, and special instructions, etc., pertainirg to their particular equip- ment. Maintains tables and charts of equipment and unit rate of supply; reviews issues from depots; and consumption by troops; revises maximnm and TnimTminn quantities for articles at depots; estimates tonnage requirements and determines priority for land and water transportation for information of general supply, storage, and traffic division; maintains tables, etc., showing weights, packing, etc., of material pertain- ii^ to this division; from schedules of requirements issues requisition upon the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, or makes necessary arrangements for local purchase. Maintains records of receipts, issues, stocks on- hand, obligations, and prospective supply of material handled by this division; acts on requisitions; issues necessary ^hippii^ orders to properly maintain stocks or to fill requisitions; follows troop move- ments and takes action necessary to anticipate the needs of troops. MACHINE GUN, SMALL AKMS, AND TKENCH WAKPARE DIVISION. Handles aU matters of a technical nature involving service operations pertaining to this material. Is responsible for obtaining from the field, reports on the perform- ance of the material, and for forwarding same with all suggestions for improvement or new design, to the Chief of Ordnance. Determines from field experience, prepares and maiTifaiTiH tables of requirements. Is responsible for the procurement of the required amounts of this material from the main source of supply or by purchase through the ordnance purchasing agent. Directs, controls, and is resjwnsible for the supply of machine guns, small arms, small arms ammunition, and trench warfare material, and in cooperation with the maintenance division, is responsible for its maintenance. This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Machine gun and automatic rifle. Small arms and ammunition. Trench warfare. Administration «ectM»i.^3oordinates the work of the several sections under the head of the division; handles all work of common interest to the several sections, maintains mail and record room, cables and telegrams, for the division ;liandles per- sonnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Cooperates with the instruction section, personnel division, on all matters relating to the schools for the training of the personnel for the machine gun, small arms, and trench warfare division. 112 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Machine gun and automatic rifle. — Small arm^ and ammunition. — Trench warfare. — Each of these sections is held responsible for technical matters involving service operations, requirements, procurement and control of supply of the material specifi- cally assigned to it, as well as the maintenance thereof in cooperation with the main- tenance division. Is responsible for the preparation (if necessary) and the issuance of all handbooks, instruction charts and special instructions, etc., pertaining to their particular equip- ment. Maintains tables and charts of equipment and unit rate of supply; reviews issues from depots; and consumption by troops; revises maximum and minimum quantities for articles at depots; estimates tonnage requirements and determines priority for land and water transportation for information of general supply, storage, and traffic division, maintains tables, etc., showing weights, packing, etc., of material pertain- ing to this division; from schedules of requirements issues reqoiisition upon the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, makes necessary arrangements for local purchase. Maintains records of receipts, issues, stocks on hand, obligations, and prospective supply of material handled by this division; acts on requisition; issues necessary shipping orders to properly maintain stocks or to fill requisitions; follows troop move- ments, and takes action necessary to anticipate the needs of troops. AMMUNITION DIVISION. Handles all matters of a technical nature involving service operations pertaining to ammunition except for small arms. Is responsible for collecting from the field and forwarding to the Chief of Ordnance all data, reports, etc., dealing with the functioning of ammunition, together with suggestions for improvements or new de- signs. Maintains a force of inspectors in the field. Determines requirements based on the best obtainable information as to rates of fire, and is responsible for the procxurement of the required amounts of ammunition of the various calibers. Directs, controls, and is responsible for the transportation, storage^ supply, and salvage of all calibers of ammunition in the theater of operations, including those for small arms. Cooperates with the general supplies, storage, and traffic division in providing storage facilities. This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Technical. Supply and storage. Salvage. Administration section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections under the head of the division; handles all work of common interest to the several sections; main- tains mail and record room, cables and telegrams for the division; handles personnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Technical section. — Handles all matters of a technical nature, involving service operations, pertaining to ammunition of all calibers except for small arms; secures reports from the field on the functioning of ammunition; compiles data as to rates of fire, etc.; provides personnel for field inspection, and cooperates with the instruc- tion section, personnel division, on all matters relating to the schools for the training of the personnel on ammunition work. Supply and storage — Responsible for the determination and preparation of require- ments, and for the procurement of the required amounts of ammunition to fulfill these requirements; issues orders for all movements of ammunition in the service of supply. Estimates storage requirements; plans and secures necessary depots, and operates and maintains all ammunition depots not under the immediate control of the Army commanders. PEOVISIONAl, MANUAL TOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 113 Receives daily telegraphic report from all depots, schools, and training areas show- ing types and quantities of ammunition on hand, and compiles these reports into the "daily ammunition balance. " Maintains specified amounts of ammunition on hand at schools, training areas, and depots. Maintains tickler file of shipping orders until shipments have been completed; information concerning shipments being received during the day by telephone or by detailed telephonic report from each depot every night. Maintains a permanent record of all receipts and issues known as the "balance of stores." This record shows at all times, first, the quantity of material covered by all shipping instructions issued; second, records of all issues from depots or organizations compiled from information received daily from depots in the form of copies of issue vouchers; third, all receipts in our depots of ammunition from all sources. For supplying combat troops there is usually established by general headquarters a system of credits. These credits designate a certain depot where is to be held a specified number of rounds of ammunition for use of the troops in combat. This credit must be maintained at all times. A credit such as this usually runs for a period of 30 days, and is made automatically renewable at the expiration of that time. In supplying ammunition for training or for any other purpose, credits must always be taken into consideration. In the "regulating oflficer " is vested the authority to with- draw ammunition in our depots covered by credits. As the stocks are reduced by the action of the regulating officer more ammunition must be furnished to keep the stock up to requirements. This should be supplied from intermediate depots or when the necessity demands direct from base ports. In this way there is a continual flow of ammunition from base port to advance section and thence to the troops. Maiatains a complete record, always available, of ammunition from the time that the first infor- mation is received from the main source of supply until it reaches our depots in the intermediate or advance sections for distribution to the troops. Also the exact con- dition of ammunition stocks, within a few hours, is always known by the office of the chief ordnance officer. Salvage section. — Eesponsibility for all ordnance matters connected with the han- dling, repair, and demolition of salvage ammunition; provides and operates such in- stallations as will be required by the exigencies of the service in the prosecution of this salvage work. MAINTENANCE DIVISION. Is in charge of the installation and operation of all repair shops in the service of supply area of the theater of operations for rebuilding of ordnance material; relining of guns; experimental manufacture, etc.; secures and supplies machinery, tools, and raw material to mobile repair shops in the army areas and as requisitioned for by other staff departments; establishes and controls the operation of all small repair shops required at the school centers and at various artillery organization and training centers; is responsible in cooperation with the persoimel division for the recruiting, special instruction, and supply of the mechnical persoimel required for the operation of all shops in both the service of supply and the armies. This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Shop operation. Material and machinery. Administration section. — Coordinates the work of the several sections and maintains the mail and record room, handles personnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Cooperates with the instruction for the instruction of mechanics, par- ticularly in prescribing courses and furnishing instructions and students. Shop operation section. — In charge of the construction, installation, and operation of the large ordnance repair shops in the service of supplies areas; in charge of the in- 138968°— 20 8 114 PEOVISIONAX, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. stallation and operation of ordance repair shops located at organization and training centers, field artillery training centers, and other small miscellaneous shops. Material and machinery section. — Procures necessary machine tools, supplies, etc., required by the shop operation section and for maintenance of supply of shops operating with the armies. Estimates for and procures the machinery, small tools, and supplies necessary for other staff departments. GENERAL SUPPLY, STORAGE, AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. Is the transportation, storage, and issue agency of the aircraft armament, artillery, motor equipment, tank, machine gun, small arms, and trench warfare divisions. Is in charge of all relations with the engineer corps, dealing with the construction of depots, warehouses, repair shops, barracks, etc., required by the ordnance department in the theater of operations, and with the transportation services, on all questions relating to rail and ocean transportation, except of ammunition. Is responsible for the construction, administrative control and operation of all general supply depots. Is responsible for the handling of all shipments within the theater of operations ordered by the other operating divisions and that sufficient storage space is always available to meet their requirements. Is responsible for the technical work involving service of operations, the require- ments, procurement, and supply of all personal and horse equipment, and cleaning and preserving material, and in cooperation with the maintenance division, for the maintenance thereof. This division includes sections as follows: Administration. Construction. Depot. Transportation. Equipment and general supplies. Administration section. — Coordinates work of the several sections; handles all work of common interest or service to the several sections; maintains mail and record rooms; handles cables and telegrams; and cares for personnel matters in cooperation with the personnel division. Construction section. — Initiates and follows up action necessary for the provision of adequate facilities in general depots, for stores and housing of personnel; cooperates with engineer corps in construction work. Depot section. — Provides for adequate and competent force of officers and men to properly operate depots, cooperating with personnel division in regard to courses of instruction, etc., develops, installs, and oversees methods of operation, handling, and storage at depots; responsible for preservation of materiel stored in depots and disposi- tion of materiel received in bad condition; brings to attention of chief of division obsolete or inactive materials which should be disposed of. Is the agent of 'operating divisions in regard to receiving, transferring, and issuing stores. Transportation section. — Handles all matters relating to transportation with general staff, director general of transportation, and with army transport service, and within the ordnance service. Is the agent of operating divisions in transportation matters. Equipment and general supplies section. — For personal and horse equipment , cleaning and preserving materials, handles matters of technical nature involving service operations. Maintains tables and charts of equipment and unit rate of supply; reviews issues from depots; and consumption by troops; revises maximum and minimum quantities for articles at depots; estimates tonnage requirements and determines priority for land and water transportation for information of general supply, storage and traffic division; maintains tables, etc., showing weights, packing, etc. of material pertaining to this division, from schedules of requirements; issues requisition upon the Chief of Ordnance, Washington, or makes necessary arrangements for local purchase. ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ORDNAN CHIEF ORD.OFnCER My4J. GEN.ORBRIG. GEN. EXECUTIVE A55T BRIG.GEN.OR COL. \ PLANNING DJVISION BRIG. GEN. OR COL. SECT/ONS STAT/STICS CO-ORDINATION nt.eTlft"t rinlnnftlR 9 5 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 8 17 3 7 17 3 6 10 8 30 47 152 120 f, 1 6 5 7 10 15 17 ■8 First lieutenants R 9 11 8 14 15 q 6 9 2 3 11 13 11 2 15 3 Total in 22 34 33 34 40 50 48 55 32 58 31 437 ENLISTED. ir Tedmioal clerks or administrar IK 3fi 45 17 9 7 11 15 fi 19 5 134 T Stenographers 7 15 55 18 21 27 25 31 11 29 22 261 n 2 19 90 23 11 26 32 24 19 28 16 300 14 Cferks ?3 70 Ifi 21 25 30 22 12 ?4 27 270 IS Draftsmen 8 4 4 ? 25 13 10 16 ■ 4 8 5 99 Ifi Orderlies 4 in Ifi 9 fi 7 fi 7 4 R fi 78 17 11 30 14 16 46 7 9 5 76 18 Cooks 16 It Laborers or general duty 27 73 Total . ... 7(1 39 118 337 161 100 105 114 125 66 120 86 1,361 OFFICE OF CHIEF ORDNANCE OFFICER. Units. Execu- tive office ot chief ordnance officer. Tech- nical assist- ants. Total. COMMISSIONED. M^or general Bngadier general — Lieutenant colonels . Major Captains Total. Technical clerks or administrative.. Stenographers.. J Typists Draftsmen Orderlies Total.. 1 1 9 1 10 22 18 7 2 116 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Personnel chart of office ofchiej ordnance officer, theater of operation — Continued. PLANNING DIVISION. 1 2 3 i 5 6 1 Units. Office of head of division. Sta- tistics. Coordi- nation and super- vision. Progress. Total. ? COMMISSIONED. Brigadier general 1 1 s Colonel 1 2 4 2 2 2 X 4 Lieutenant colonels 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 2 2 5 a fi 1 7 First lieutenants g 8 Second Ueutenants Q Total n 3 8 13 10 34 ENLISTED. in 10 3 15 6 2 2 3 8 6 2 10 1 4 4 18 4 2 7 1 2 4 n 2 u Typists 19 IS Clerks 23 14 1,5 Orderlies 2 Ifi File clerks 11 17 Cooks IS Laborers or general duty Total Ifl 4 41 35 38 118 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Units. OiBce of the head of the divi- sion. Ad- znin- istra- tiou. Auxil- iary. Infor- ma- tion. Fi- nance. Audit and prop- erty. Draw- ing files and priat room. Total. 2 COMMISSIONED. Colonel 1 1 3 Lieutenant colonel 1 1 3 1 2 4 Majors 1 i" 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 i' 1 5 8 9 9 .I H First lieutenants 1 7 Second lieutenants Total 8 3 3 6 7 8 4 2 33 ENLISTED. Technical clerks or administra- trati ve 9 5 7 15 7 8 27 65 12 6 6 2 4 15 8 10 30 10 4 4 11 1 2 4 6 4 1 4 3 45 55 90 70 4 in i 11 Typists 1? Clerks ^^ Draftsmen 14 Orderlies 1 2 4 5 5 10 8 1 2 4 4 6 2 "2 4 5 15 File clerks 30 27 IS Laborers or general duty . . Total 17 2 25 75 40 25 337 PROVISIONAL, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 117 Personnel chart of office of chief ordnance officer, theater of operation — Continued. PERSONNEL DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Units. 1.1 il u 1 1 1 1 If s . if |e 1 1 1 ? C0MUIS3I0IIED. 1 1 R Majors 2 1 1 2 ...... 1 6 6 1 4 2 4 4 f^aptai"*! 1 1 1 1 1 ...... 16 •>; 11 fi 2 Total 7 2 2 1 1 1 6 1 13 7 34 ENLISTED. Technical clerks or administrative. . .^tflnoF*'aphprs 8 q ""i" 4 i 6 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 2 7 3 '"'i' 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 2 '"'"i" ■■""e" 16 46 17 18 in T™^„r^:.::::::::::::::;::.. 23 n Clfflis 16 1? Drj^ftempn 2 n Orderlies 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 i'i Pile clerks . 14 Ti Cooks. . 16 15 46 Total 17 2 23 » 19 2 12 7 13 75 161 AIECEAPT ARMAMENT DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 - 6 7 1 Units. Office of the head of the division. Adminis- tration. Tech- nical. Require- ments and supply. Mainte- ance. Total. ?, COMMISSIONED. 1 8 1 1 6 6 4 1 1 4 6 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 1 riaptaiTiR , , . . . l' 15 6 First lieutenants i 17 7 P<*C/)nd lifllltftTiaTits 21 Total S 2 2 18 12 16 50 ENLISTED. q 3 10 12 6 7 2 1 8 4 8 2 1 3 6 6 10 1 in 1 2 4 1 27 11 26 1' Cteks n Draftsmen 13 14 Orderlies 1 1 7 Total I'i 2 8 40 24 31 105 118 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Personnel chart of office of chief ordnance officer, theater of operation — Continued. AETILLEEY DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 1 Units. Office of the head of the division. Adminis- tration. Light and anti- aircraft artillery. Railway and heavy artillery. Fire control. Total. ? COMMISSIONED. Colonels . . 1 1 s Lieutenant colonels 1 1 5 3 1 1 9 4 3 2 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 ■i 1 22 6 First lieutenants 8 7 Second lieutenants 3 Total R 2 4 10 18 6 40 ENLISTED. Technical clerks or administrative . . fl 1 2 2 5 3 8 10 1 2 5 8 6 10 10 2 4 1 3 1 1 5 1 1 9 in StenoCTanhers 2 20 11 Typists?.. !....;: 10 1? Clerks... 2 21 13 25 14 1 1 6 l.'i Fileclerks 7 Total.. Ifi 3 6 31 45 13 98 MOTOR EQUIPMENT AND TANK DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Units. Office of the head of the division. Adminis- tration. Tractors. Tanks. Special vehicles. Total. ? COMMISSIONED. 1 ■>, Lieutenant colonels 1 2 4 Majors 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 3 5 CaptjllTKJ 1 4 4 4 15 H 7 Total s 2 4 13 14 ^f, 48 ENI.ISTED. 9 1 2 2 2 4 8 12 10 5 1 4 9 12 10 5 2 2 4 6 8 u 10 2 25 11 Typists 32 1? Clerks 30 n T)raftsTTipTi 10 14 Orderlies 1 1 1 G Total. I"; 3 8 40 42 21 114 PROVISIONAl, MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 119 Personnel chart of office of chief ordnance officer, theater of operation — Continued. MACHINE GUN, SMALL ARMS, AND TRENCH WARFARE DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 o 6 7 1 Units. Office of the head of the division. Adminis- tration. Machine gun and automa- tic rifle. Small- arms and ammimi- tlon. Trench warfare. Total. ? C0HHIS3I0NED. Colonels 1 1 1 Lieutenant colonels 1 1 5 5 3 1 1 5 4 3 2 4 UojniM i 1 1 1 10 5 5 4 ■; 1 A 7 Second lieutenants . l\ Total R 2 3 15 14 21 ENLI-STED. Technical clerks or administrative q 2 2 1 6 5 10 2 5 6 2 5 8 11 5 6 2 3 10 10 6 4 1 15 in 1 31 11 1? Clerks 11 14 Orderlies 1 1 Total . 11 2 12 40 37 34 12t AMMUNITION DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Units. Office of head of the division. Adminis- tration. Techni- cal. Supply and storage. Salvage. Total. •> COMMISSIONED. Colonels 1 X 1 1 1 8 4 4 1 4 g 1 2 9 3 7 4 Majors >i Cftptj^ins 1 17 n 1 8 1 2 6 5 7 f^/inH lieuten^Tits 15 Total . .. fi 2 1 18 25 12 58 ENLISTED. 9 6 8 6 4 4 1 1 10 1 3 12 6 14 1 6 12 1 fi 19 in 2 1 2 2 11 Typi^ 28 I' Clerks 24 13 4 g 14 1 1 9. I'i 2 4' Total. 16 3 7 30 56 j "24 120 120 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Personnel chart of office of chief ordnance officer, theater of operation — Continued. MAINTENANCE DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Units. Office of head of the division. Adminis- tration. Shop opera- tions. Material and machin- ery. Total. 9. COMMISSIONED. Colonels 1 1 3 1 1 6 5 2 1 4 Majors' 1 1 1 1 3 a CftptaiTiR 1 8 fi 1 7 7 2 Total R 2 2 15 3 22 ENIISTED. TopllTlinql plftrVs or nrlTniTiiRtrf^tiv* ct 5 8 12 5 4 1 1 1 2 2 6 in i i 5 5 11 11 Typists 19 1? 12 IS Draftsmen ... 4 14 Orderlies. . . 1 1 1 4 Total 15 2 12 35 7 56 GENERAL SUPPLIES, STORAGE AND TRAFFIC DIVISION. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 1 Units. Office of head of divi- sion. Admin- istra- tion. Con- struc- tion. Depot. Trans- porta- tion. Equip- ment and general suppUes. Total. ■> COMMISSIONED. Colonels. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 3 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 6 '^ Captains 1 10 f, First lieutenants . . 1 s 7 Total S 2 2 4 5 4 14 ENLISTED. Technical clerks or administra- tive 9 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 2 12 8 14 5 10 Stenographers 1 2 2 3 2 2 6 22 11 Typists . . 16 1^ 27 13 Draftsmen 6 14 Orderlies 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 1"; File clerks 5 Total Ifi ^ 9 10 14 12 39 CHAPTER Xm. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF A BASE GENBRAL SUPPLY ORDNANCE DEPOT. To the base general supply ordnance depot in the service of supply of the theater of operations is assigned the supply of ordnance and ordnance stores. The main function of the depot is one of receiving materiel from the service of the interior and of issuing materiel to field depots for troops in training aieas and in the zone of the advance. All ordnance mat&iel, excepting ammunition, will be received and issued by this depot. ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPOT. The success of the depot depends upon its efficient organization and proper func- tioning at all times. A depot organized along the lines given below offers the logical subdivisions and their functions. In the group sj'stem new groups may be added which do not change the general organization of the depot. Administrative branch. — This branch will have as conunissioned officers the com- manding officer, who will command the depot and act on all matters affecting its administration, and the executive officer, who will be an assistant to him. Requisition a'nd procurement branch. — This branch receives requisitions, prepares issue orders, handles correspondence pertaining to requisitions, makes necessary reports concerning the materiel for the depot, both on receipts and issues and pro- curements. Personnel branch. — This branch has charge of all personnel administration of the depot, the keeping of all records, and making such reports as are necessary. Transportation branch. — This branch is subdivided into receipts, which controls all incoming shipments and turns them over to the proper group; and into issues, which controls all outgoing shipments. Storehouse branch. — This branch is divided into groups, each group acting as an independent depot, which receives and issues property and keeps such records as are necessary. There is no set rule regarding what class or classes of property should be arranged in groups. The following system is suggested as being one which has been found to be satisfactory for a general depot: Group A handles all small arms, machine guns and pertaining equipment. Group B handles artillery and spare parts for artillery. Group handles all personal equipment, entrenching tools, horse equipment, and leather. Group D handles all cleaning and preserving material, marking devices, paints, etc. Group E handles aU hardware, general bar stock, tools, and machinery. Group F handles topographical and fire-control equipment. Group G handles wheeled equipment and spare parts for wheeled equipment. Group H handles motor vehicles and tractors. Group J handles salvage. This is not strictly a part of the group organization but functions as one. Shop. — Shops win be installed for maintenance work affecting the depot, and will consiBt of carpenter, machine, and blacksmith shops. Labor branch. — This branch handles all loading and unloading of material and furnishes labor for general depot work. General branch. — This branch furnishes the personnel for fire protection, guard, convoy, and such other duties as the commanding officer deems necessary. 121 122 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ORGANIZATION OF PERSONNEL. The commiBsioned and enlisted personnel of the depot should be so assigned that it will at all times function properly in its daily routine. This personnel includes four ordnance depot companies in addition to the permanent personnel and is trained along ordnance administration and storehouse lines, technical men, and labor troops. A commissioned officer will be in charge of each important branch of the general depot. The accompanying table gives the organization for a general supply ordnance depot for the supply of a field force of approximately 1,000,000 men. Table of organization base general supply ordnance depot. Units. ca o 9" as 3 w C3 p oj ea O-O p. Units. 11 O O'^ L. an H O C4 Colonel Major Captain First lieutenant Second lieutenant Total command Ordnance sergeant 1 • 1 i>6 i>6 "2 24 39 Sergeant , first class .. . Sergeant of ordnance- Corporal Cook Private, first class Privates Total enlisted . Aggregate ■16 16 72 116 16 128 272 24 77 116 16 128 272 '695 734 REMARKS. » Executive offlcer. blaccountsand records,! transportation railway, 9 warehouse management . " 1 shop, 1 labor. Transportation: 1 6-passenger car. 2 3-ton trucks, l^ton truck. 2 motor cycles with side cars. d Chief clerks and chief storekeepers. ' To be armed with rifle only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. Table of organization base general supply ordnance depot. Units. 03 2 2.3 a" 1 fi 1 1 O . M 1 '3 S o 1 O 5 1 R p, O P o u 5 6 ft 6 ft 2 •-3 1 1 1 »1 1 Major 1 bl 1 "1. bl 1 bl "'i' o2 2 4 bl "i' bl 1 2 bl 1 bl 1 1 'b"i' 1 in 1 1 bl 1 bl 1 ■-1 1 bl 1 13 15 Total conimand 2 2 1 2 2 8 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 40 Ordnance sereeant '1 14 2 1 1 1 s'S 3 »1 ■15 b3 4 6 15 b3 4 6 ■15 bS 4 6 ■15 '1 4 6 ■15 "3 4 6 15 h2 4 6 ■15 h2 4 6 16 b4 4 16 3 "i 2 62 ?4 8 10 4 29 20 6 11 16 30 72 3 3 77 2 116 16 4 i 12 200 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1?8 779 Total enlisted 7 9 22 24 5 6 45 47 235 237 134 142 13 15 26 30 26 30 28 28 24 26 26 28 25 27 25 ?7 37 40 17 19 6P5 735 REMARKS. ■> Executive offlcer. b In charge of branch or group . • Special duty. ■1 2 permanent, personnel. ■> 1 permanent persormel. ' 2 yard clerks. 1 3 permanent clerks. b 1 permanent personnel. 1 Permanent personnel. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 123 OPERATION OP THE DEPOT. Administration. — ^The colonel in chaige of the general depot is the commanding officer. He has as his assistant a major who acts in the capacity of an executive officer. All papers relating to the depot come to the desk of the executive officer who distributes them to the various branches concerned. This officer acts also in the capacity of adviser concerning routine matters of the operation of the depot. There is assigned to the executive officer an ordnance sergeant as chief clerk and two corporals who are stenographers. Requisition and procurement branch.— T\m branch is in charge of a captain who is responsible for all orders made on requisitions for supplies on the depot and who obtains from arsenals or other depots or, in case of failure from these sources, procures by pur- chase order placed with commercial firms on the authority of the chief ordnance officer of the theater of operations, items of ordnance property which the depot ia called upon to supply to the troops in the field. He is the agent officer at the depot and is charged with authorized sales of ordnance property. He is the intermediary between the chief ordnance officer and the depot from the viewpoint of procurement and supply. He receives from the chief ordnance officer the memoranda relating to procurements and supervises all reports containing the review of the various items in which the depot deals. Eequisitions going to this branch are received by the chief requisition clerk, and ordnance sergeant, who stamps date received, verifies the authority for issue, and corrects nomenclature. Requisitions must be approved by proper authority before issue orders can be made on the depot. There are two zones from which requisitions emanate, the service of supply and the zone of advance. Requisition register. O. O. Form 7012. Requisition. Organization. Org. No. D.O.O.S. No. Depot No. Date. Articles. 124 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Receipt voucher and issue voucher register. [These two registers are kept separately, tut have the same headings.] Serial No. Date. Mo. Day. Eemarks. Requisitions from units in training areas approved by regimental commanders are sent to ordnance depots at the camp where they are located. The camp ordnance depots requisition for equipment which can not be filled by them to the chief ord- nance officer, theater of operations, unless depots have been designed for their supply. Material for troops in the zone of advance is requisitioned by army supply depots. Requisitions from army supply depots will go to the army ordnance officer for transmission through the general staff to the regulating officer, thence to the base depot. If supplies in excess of the credit allotted at the base depot by general headquarters to the army depots are being demanded, the request must have the approval of general headquarters. An approved requisition is sent to the sergeant in charge of issue orders, who prepares an issue order. Exhibit 45, for each group in the depot affected by the requisition. One copy of each issue order is made out and sent to the sergeant, who is the register clerk, and he gives the issue order a serial number, the same number appearing on all isaue orders affecting one requisition. The record of issue orders is kept in a book which shows on what groups the order is made, the requisition con- cerned, and the number of sheets of the order sent to each group. The issue order then goes to another desk in charge of a corporal, where receipts for issue orders, Exhibit 46, are prepared in duplicate and stamped with date and time of forwarding to group officers. Issue orders with receipts are then sent to the respective groups. A clerk who is a corporal prepares a report for the transportation branch which shows the issue order number, date, destination, groups affected, and any remarks which give information affecting the delivery of the stores. PEOVISIONAX, MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 125 Exhibit 45. Issue order. To. (a) To replace unserviceable, lost, or expended property. (5) First Supply. Group Issue Order No Depot Organization or C. O. O. Requisition No - . . Date Issue Voucher Numbers Articles. Quantity required. Quantity issued. Quantity issued. (This form is filled in lor all issues made by the Depot by the Procurement Branch. The columns ''Quantity Issued" are filled in by the Layout men in the storehouse. This form is filed in the Group office to which it pertains.) For Depot Cammander: Officer in Charge of Procurement Branch, Form No. 11. Exhibit 46. Group „ . , . , Date Receipt for issue orders. Houb Fin- ished. Unfin- ished. Remarks. Requisitions are filed according to the depots from wtich they come and according to organizations. Separate issue orders are made for all stationery issues, which are sent by mail unless other stores are going to the same destination, when they are included with the shipment. Issues of stationery for use in the depot are to be made twice a month on approved issue orders in the same routine as for outside requisitions. 126 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Authorized sales of public property are made in conformity with existing regula- tions (i. e., paragraphs 1520 and 1521, A. R. of 1913). Two copies of the voucher for authorized sales of public property are made out by the chief requisition clerk, the duplicate going to the purchaser and the signed original turned over to the issue order clerk for registration and preparation of issue order. On the issue order is placed the serial number of the voucher and "cash sale." This is then sent to the group as any other issue order and the original is returned to the chief requisition clerk for file. An ordnance sergeant as report clerk compiles such reports as should be made out for the depot commander and the chief ordnance officer. A daily report is rendered to him before noon from the groups, showing items, receipts, and issues for the pre- ceding day on controlled stores. The reports are consolidated and can be telegraphed each afternoon to the general staff, supply section, general headquarters, as a guide in forwarding requisitions, and to the chief ordnance officer for his information. An inability report is made out each day by the groups and sent to the chief report clerk for consolidation. This report shows requisition numbers, issue order numbers, items and amounts not filled on issue orders. Items on inability reports affecting one requisition are consolidated on one report and sent to the depot or organization making requisition. This enables the depot making requisition to know what items they will not receive. Organizations may rerequisition items not filled on previous requisi- tions after 10 days have elapsed since receipt of notice. The chief report clerk receives from the group offices a copy of all issue vouchers. Prom these vouchers he brings his inability reports up-to-date and keeps a record of all property issued to depots and organizations. On the first and fifteenth of each month there is to be sent from the base general supply ordnance depot to each other depot a statement of all items then due the latter on unfilled requisitions. This report, Exhibit 47, made up from the consolidated inability reports which have been brought up-to-date by noting issues made on "dues out" since the inability report was originally made. Exhibit 47. From: C. O. Base General Supply Ordnance Depot. To: Ordnance Officer. Subject: Semimonthly Report of " Dues Out." I. The following items are held as "Dues Out" for your depot under date of i 2. Authority is requested to cancel any items noted above which are not needed by you. [1st Ind.] Ordnance Officer, To C. O. Ease General Supply Ordnance Depot. 1. Authority is granted to cancel items as ruled out above. There is to be kept a separate book for each depot and organization and all issues to depots and organizations will be posted. The chief ordnance officer will cause periodical inspections of these records and will request the inspector general's depart- ment to investigate the administration of organizations in which excessive demands for ordnance supplies have been made. The ordnance department will furnish a standard book for this purpose in which items are listed according to classes and so ruled that a continuous record may be kept for each item. This will enable the total issues to the depot and organization of any item to be readily ascertained for any given period. Group Last inventory date. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Class Section Article 127 Sheet opened by Initials Dues in. Date. You. No. Received. Issued. Stock. 1st entry checked by Date. Ref. No. Quantllty. Eec'd from or issued to: On hand from last return. Totals. To be accounted for on next return. It is the duty of the two corporals who are report clerks to consolidate the totals on items which can not be filled on issue orders from the groups. This is done on days appointed for the review of any set of items. The review sheet, Exhibit 48, has on it the following information which is posted in columns, one sheet on issue being made out for each item; total amounts unable to issue on issue orders, total amounts of incoming material, last stock balance, total issues, total placed in stock from salvage, and recommended demands to the chief ordnance officer. Group Article. Exhibit 48. Review sheet. Class. .Sec. Date. Auth. reserve. A- Dues out B Dues in. Stock. D Issues. B R from S Recom- mended demand. Remarks. 128 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. From these review sheets an abstract of reviews, Exhibit 49, is made, which con- stitutes the report to the chief ordnance officer. This abstract report shows in detail the low points in stock, the amomits unable to be filled on these items, and the recom- mended demands. This report is made biweekly to the chief ordnance officer. Form O. P. No. 2. Date . Exhibit 49. Abstract of reviews. A. G. Printing Plant. Depot . Article. Auth. reserve. A I>uesout. B Dues in. C Stock. D Issues. E E Iroin S. Recom- mended demand. Personnel. — The personnel officer is a captain who has charge of all the personnel administration, both commissioned and enlisted, and is responsible for the proper keeping of such records, reports, and other matters as affect the personnel of the depot. He has as assistants an ordnance sergeant as chief clerk, three sergeants as clerks, and a corporal as stenographer. Transportation branch.- — ^The transportation branch is one of the most important of the depot, as on it rests the entire system of depot supply. The system installed is that of keeping complete records of all stores arriving in the depot or dispatched from it. whether by freight, express, or mail. The branch is in charge of a captain, assisted by a first lieutenant, who is in charge of the yard. The following enlisted personnel is assigned to this branch: (a) Yard section — 2 ordnance sergeants — day and night foreman. 2 corporals — switchmen. 2 corporals — clerks. 2 privates, first class — car checkers. 2 privates, first class — car sealing and labeling. (6) Receipt section— 1 ordnance sergeant — chief clerk. 2 ordnance sergeants — report clerks. 1 ordnance sergeant — record clerk. 10 corporals — checkers. 1 corporal — stenographer, (c) Issues section — 1 ordnance sergeant — chief clerk. 1 ordnance sergeant — foreman of storehouse. 1 ordnance sergeant — record and file clerk. 2 corporals — report clerks. 2 corporals — stenographers. 10 corporals — checkers. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 129 The yaxd foreman is responsible for the proper handling of cars, both incoming and outgoing, will gather all information concerning incoming shipments, number of cars, and the tracks on which they are to be placed. The placing is marked on the side of the car to enable the switchman to place it in its proper location. The night foreman allots the empty cars which he has received on the requisition to the yardmast^r and places them according to what has been requifiitioned by each group. The yard foreman furnishes the officer in charge of labor all information concerning arrival of cars so that labor may be distributed for their unloading. He keeps an accurate record of all incoming and outgoing cars and makes such reports as are neces- sary regarding the condition of the yard, the cars received, dispatched, and reconsigned during the day, and the number of cars loaded or unloaded. The foreman has charge of the planning board in the transportation office, this board being a reproduction of the plan of the depot showing location of tracks and store- houses. The condition of the yard is shown each hour of the day, differently colored pegs being used to represent cars spotted for unloading, empty cars, partly loaded cars, or cars loaded to be dispatched. This board is a valuable asset, as it enables one to see the condition of the yard at all hours of the day. The duties of the yard pertain to both receipts and issues, but as they are of such a character that they are separate from the office duties they are given as being directly under the charge of the officer in charge of the yard. Receipts section. — The function of this section is to deliver promptly to the groups concerned all stores which come into the depot and to maintain accurate records of shipments received. The chief clerk is in charge of the clerical work of the office and in charge of the checkers. Checkers are charged with delivery of stores to the proper groups and the checking of stores received. Each checker keeps a book in which he places car numbers, contents' of cars, groups where cars are unloaded, and any information pertaining to the stores which is available. Upon completion of unloading and the agreement of the receipts checker with the checker for the group upon the quantity received, the group checker will sign the checker's book. Master copies, Exhibit 50, made up from the information contained in checkers' reports, are ntmbered serially, and separate files maintained from freight, express, and "purchase order" shipments. Separate abstracts, Exhibit 51, for stores dis- charged from each car to each group, are prepared in duplicate, the serial nimiber on the master copy concerned appearing on each abstract. Abstracts ar€ sent in duplicate to the groups, where one copy is receipted and returned to the office within 24 hours. In case of failure of return of abstracts within 24 hours, the chief clerk ascertains the cause of delay and adjusts any discrepancies which may have occurred. When all abstracts have been returned, they are turned over to the report clerk and the master copies to the record clerk. 138968°— 20 9 130 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE OKDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 50. Master copy. From Date shipped.. Checker Master Copy No.. CarNo Date Unloaded... Contents and markings. Arsenal invoice of Arm or P. O. Number of units . Units Group. This form is made out by receipts from checkers* books. Exhibit 51. Abstract slip. From. From receipts to groups. . Checker Master Copy No. . CarNo Date unloaded- -. Quantity. Contents and markings. Number of units. Units. (This form is made out by receipts from master copy and sent to group office, where it is completed. One receipted copy is returned to receipts and filed, the duplicate copy given to ledger clerk in group office for posting.) Becelved the day of. . Invoiced the day of. . For the Group. Group Eecelving Voucher No. Arsenal of Firm No . For Receipts. PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 131 The record clerk maintains complete record of all incoming shipment. This is done by means of a chart, on which is recorded information contained in telegrams, bills of lading or letters which are received at the depot concerning incoming ship- ments of cars. On arrival of cars the entry on the chart is checked and the date of arrival noted; shipments not arriving within a reasonable length of time are traced. The record clerk makes such reports as are necessary relative to cars received with or without advance notice. He maintains a ledger showing cars received, in which is placed car number, bill-of-lading number, origin of shipment, date received and master copy number, the car numbers being indexed according to the last two figures. Issues section. — ^The function of this section is to provide cars for the loading of stores, and where small shipments are concerned, to consolidate them at one store- house for loading into cars, when several shipments are going to the same consignee or destination. Car estimates, in which the number and kind of cars needed by groups for the following day, are given to the issues office each afternoon by the groups. These estimates are consolidated in a report which shows cars desired and location for the cars. One copy of this report is sent to the yard master who allots cars for the depot use, and the second copy to the night yard foreman to aid him in placing the empty cars he receives. Carload shipments are made by the groups, less than carload shipments by issues section. For this latter purpose there should be a less than carload (LCL) warehouse, where all such shipments are brought by the groups. These small shipments are consolidated into carload lots when possible, or held imtil a carload lot is ready. Small shipments to isolated places may be sent by express. Shipments may be made by mail, express, or freight, depending on the weight of the stores and the necessity for them. It is deemed advisable to convoy all freight and important shipments of Government property, and to have the conveyers take all papers relative to shipments, to check stores to the consignee, and to bring back receipted vouchers when possible to do so. The chief clerk is in chaise of all clerical work and sees that all necessary tele- grams, reports, and correspondence pertaining to issues are made out. The record clerk keeps a ledger in which is recorded all cars leaving the depot yards, the car number, bill-of-lading number, destination, date dispatched, and voucher numbers, the car numbers being indexed according to the last two figures, this information being forwarded by telegram to consignee. The foreman in charge of the LCL warehouse has charge of all shipments sent to the warehouse and is in charge of all issue checkers He is assisted by the necessary personnel to take care of the storehouse work and to check property into cars. Vouchers pertaining to shipments are received from the chief storekeeper by the issues checker, one copy of the voucher being used to check property into ears. The checker writes the car number on all vouchers and signs his name as checkup in the stores on two of them. He gives one of these signed vouchers to the yard foreman who prepares proper labels for the car and gets the necessary information for the preparation of biUs-of -lading. The yard foreman then sends this voucher to the issues office. The checker takes the second signed voucher and the remaining vouchers to the issues office where the signed voucher is filed according to groups and the others mailed to consignee on dispatching of stores or are given to the conveyer who convoys shipment to destination. One checker's signed voucher is called for each day by the groups. The issues checker will tack securely inside each car, loaded by a group, a loadii^ slip. Exhibit 52, which shows contents, consignee, destination, shipper, date shipped, and issues voucher number. 132 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 52. Loading slip. From To Car No Date Niunber boxes, bundles, packages. Issue voucher number. (Tbis form is filled in by issues checkers and tacked securely inside each car shipped ■with stores -from depot. The Information on this form will be complete for the contents of one car.) Checker's name. Bank Storehouse branch. — This branch, is divided into groups, eacli group functioning as an independent depot wMch maintains its own office and storehouse. Each group is in charge of a commissioned officer, assisted by other officers when their services are required. The enlisted personnel necessary for the operation of a group is as follows : Organization: Office— 1 ordnance sergeant — chief clerk. 1 ordnance sergeant — ^voucher clerk. 2 ordnance sergeants — Pledger clerks. 1 ordnance sergeant — record clerk. 2 corporals — stenographers. Storehouse — 1 ordnance sergeant — chief storekeeper 1 sergeant, first class — chief checker. 4 corporals^checkers. 8 privates, first class — layout men. In the artillery and motor vehicle groups specialists may be added for testing, inspection, and repair purposes. The salvage group does not require as large a personnel as that outlined above. Abstract slips concerning number of boxes received by a group in shipment are rendered in duplicate by receipts to each group office, at which place they are given a receipt voucher number and the information entered in a register of receipted vouchers. One copy is then sent to the chief storekeeper, who enters on the slip the itemized list of the stores received in the boxes. This slip is signed by the chief storekeeper and returned to the voucher clerk in the office, who prepares it for the signature of the officer in charge of the group. The items on the slip received from the chief storekeeper are copied on the second slip. The receipted slip ia returned PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 133 to receipts and the second slip given to the ledger clerk who posts the items and files the slip in its proper file. Issue orders are sent to group offices with receipts for issue orders, where both are checked and verified. Receipts are accomplished by drawing a line below the last entry and initialing the line and noting time received. Issue orders are then sent to the chief storekeeper who assigns men to layout and pack the items as listed on the orders. The layout men note the amounts filled on the items of orders by placing the amount in the column "quantity issued." In case nothing is issued on an order, the word "nil" is written in the "quantity issued" column. Where there is a less amount issued than that called for on any item , the amount issued is noted as above, and the dif- ference between quantity asked for and that issued noted to the right and the figures circled. The layout men initial the orders after the items have been filled on them and give these orders to the packers, who check items, pack the stores for shipment, and initial the orders on completion. The packers make out shipping tags for all boxes and bundles shipped in less than carload lots, there appearing on each tag the destination of shipment, consignee, requisition number, issue order number, date, weight of box, contents of box, and issue voucher number, which is put on by the chief storekeeper when he receives the vouchers from the group office. The group checkers will check property received or issued by the group in conjunction with receipts or issues checkers. Issue orders, when filled, are sent to the group office, where the voucher clerk gives them issue voucher numbers, makes entries in the register of issue vouchers, and prepares vouchers for the transfer of Government property. Seven or more vouchers are made out, one copy going to the ledger clerk for posting and the other copies to the chief storekeeper. A copy of all vouchers pertaining to issue orders is sent to the record clerk in the main office to enable him to bring his consolidated inability reports up-to-date and to post issues to depots and organization. Issue orders, after vouchers have been made out, are given to the record clerk, who places in a ledger all items not filled, noting issue order and requisition numbers, and consignees affected. This clerk compiles a report each day which is sent to the main office, on which is given issue order numbers, requisition numbers, consignees, and items and amounts not filled on the issue orders. This report is the inability report from which the report clerk in the main office consolidates the items not filled on requisitions. The record clerk is to keep a "dues out" book. Exhibit 53, in which is placed items not filled on issue orders for ordnance depot requisitions. No "dues out'' shall be held for organizations other than depots. The "dues out" book conforms to the ledgers as to the headings and arrangement of sheets. For each item there is entered the following information: Depot, issue order number, date, quantity, balance due on second, third, and fourth issues, cancellation or issue voucher number. 134 PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Group. Form 7. A. G. Printing Plant, S. O. S. 11-30-18— 25M. Exhibit 53. Dues out record. Aeticxe I. 0. No. Date. Quan. Bal. due on issues. Cancel, or Organization. 2Qd. 3rd. 4th. I.V. Incompleted issue orders are filed by serial number. On receipt of property in the storehouse the record clerk ascertains the items which can be filled on incompleted orders and sends these issue orders to the chief storekeeper for filling. All stores received without invoices are taken up on certificate receipt vouchers, these vouchers forming a part of the records in case the invoices are not received. Shipments should be made to the general depot in conformity with the group system and invoices should be prepared so as to pertain to property belonging to one group only. When mixed shipments are sent to the depot it is necessary that a central desk be established for the accomplishment of property vouchers. This central desk may be dispensed with when vouchers are made separately for each in the depot. There shall be assigned to the depot auditors from the property division of the office of the chief ordnance officer, who check each night all entries made in ledgers by the groups during the day, check receipt and issue vouchers, and adjust any differences. This auditing establishes accountability and therefore no periodical return is rendered. Auditors may in spare time, take physical coimt of items of stores and compare with ledger balances. In auditing ledgers each night errors in the day's entries would be corrected and errors would not be accumulative as would be the case where there was no check made. The salvage group receives that property which is turned in by organizations and salvage depots which has to be sorted, also all property where there is a doubt as to serviceability. Property received in salvage is sorted and serviceable property loaded in cars and sent to group concerned being invoiced to the group, where it is handled as incoming shipment. Shops. — Shops are to be of such size and have such personnel as is necessary to carry on the repairs in the depot. The function of the shops is one of maintenance. The carpenter shop is called upon to make boxes and crates for shipment of stores and to make rough furniture for depot use. The machine shop and the blacksmith shop are called upon to .make minor repairs for artillery and tractor materiel which has been damaged in transit. PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 135 Labor. — The officer in cliarge of labor lias a lieutenant as assistant with three ord- nance sergeants as labor foremen, together with detail leaders and laborers. This branch is charged with the supply and distribution of labor for depot work, to load and unload cars and to do such depot work as they may be called upon to perform. The lieutenant receives reports from the yard foreman regarding the cars to be un- loaded in the yard and the group officers notify him regarding the loading of cars. The laborers are divided into details, a sergeant being placed in charge of about 12 men. A planning board of labor is a valuable asset to this branch for on it may be shown the number of each detail working in the depot and its location. From this board the officer in charge of labor can locate details at all times. This, in general, is the operation of the base general supply ordnance depot, the functions and operations of the various branches being given in such a maimer that a similar system either larger or smaller could be installed. Construction and layout of a general depot. — The proper layout of tracks for a general depot should be such that cars may be moved with the greatest facility, and by this is meant that there should be no dead ends in the general system except that of a spur track for the unloading of wheeled materiel. Tracks laid out on a ladder system with the storehouses on the crosslines offers the best solutidn for the movement of cars. Storehouses should be built of such size as would necessitate the least amount of labor in handling stores, both for loading and unloading. The floors of the store- houses should be built the same height as that of the level of the floor of a freight car with loading platforms about 10 feet wide on each side. Storehouses should not be more than 80 feet in width, the length depending upon conditions, built of steel or wooden frame work and roofed and walled with corrugated iron. In placing stores in the storehouses a center aisle should be kept and also aisles to the loading plat- forms. Stores may be placed as high as the floor loads will admit. There should be chain hoists to remove heavy material from cars, placed over the tracks where they are necessary. This may be accomplished by using an I-beam runner. There should be a loading platform and ramp about 300 feet long on the spur track for the loading of wheeled material. The LCL storehouse should be located so as to be accessible to all groups and so built that the floor is the same level as that of the floor of a car. The railroad tracks will be on one side of this storehouse and a ramp on the other for the discharge of stores. CHAPTER XIV. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF A BASE AlOIUNIIION ORDNANCE DEPOT. An ammunition supply depot is one located in the theater of operations which han- dles all classes of ammunition, bombs, grenades, and pyrotechnics. The function of the depot is that of receiving ammunition from the service of the interior and of sup- plying army ammunition parks, field depots for troops in training area, and units acting separately. ORGANIZATION AND PUNCTIONS OF THE DEPOT. The organization and general functions of the depot are given as follows: Administration branch. — This branch is in charge of the commanding officer of the depot, who acts on all matters affecting its administration. Requisitions branch. — This branch is charged with the receipt and "order for issue" of all requisitions received by the depot and for the maintaining of all depot reports and records affecting the stores in the depot, the receipt and issue of property vouchers, and the rendition of the property return. Personnel branch. — This branch is charged with all matters affecting the records of all depot personnel both attached ordnance ammunition companies and the depot detachment. The officer in charge of this branch is in direct command of the depot detachment. Operations branch. — This branch is charged with the receipt, storage, and issue of ammunition, and the transportation, labor, and maintenance necessary for carrying out these duties. This branch is in charge of an operations officer, who is responsible for all sections under his supervision. Storehouse section. — The storehouse section is divided into groups as follows: Group A — fixed ammunition, except small arms. Group B — small arms ammunition. Group C — unfixed ammunition. Group D — pjrrotechnics. Group E — grenades and bombs. Group P — gas ammunition. Each group is charged with the receipt, storage, and issue of all ammunition relative to that group and the rendition of such reports as are necessary. Transportation section. — This section is charged with the handling of all cars in the depot yards, the receipt and dispatch of cars, and of requisitioning cars for loading. This section will maintain such records as are necessary relative to advance notices, cars received, loaded, unloaded, and reconsigned. This office shall be so located aa to cooperate with the representative of the railway transportation officer. Labor section. — This section handles all loading and unloading of materiel and fur- nishes labor for general depot work. Guard section. — This section is charged with the protection of the depot and all Government property pertaining thereto. Motor transportation section. — This section is charged with the operation and main- tenance of such motor transportation as is assigned to the depot. General section. — This section is charged with the furnishing of personnel for convoys and for such other special duties as the commanding officer may direct. ORGANIZATION OF PERSONNEL. All personnel should be trained along the lines which their duties demand. This personnel should include men trained in ordnance administration, storekeeping, technical ammunition, and labor. 136 PROVISIONAL, MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 137 A commisBioned officer is in chiurge of each important branch and section of the depot, assisted by such commissioned and enlisted personnel as are necessary. The distribution of the personnel for an ammunition depot is given in the accompanying chart. Tabu of organization (War) hose ammunition ordnance depot. persoimel. Seven ordnance ammunition Table 242.' Total. T^ipntPTiRTit; c^I'^tipI 1 »1 «2 1 Major 1 Captain . . 7 14 21 s First lieutenant 16 21 5 42 47 OrrtTiftTirft sp.rgpn.nt. ■118 35 28 70 147 28 140 700 53 Sergeant, first class 28 Sergeant' of ordnance •5 <4 75 152 Cook 28 Private, first class 140 Private. 700 Total enlisted 27 32 1,148 1,190 '1,175 1 222 REMARKS. » Warehouses, transportation and labor. *> Accounts branch. • Railway transportaion. d Chief clerks and chief storekeepers. • 1 draftsman, 1 carpenter, 1 blacksmith, 1 tin- smith, 1 balance of stores clerk. ' CfflToenters. r To De armed with pistol or rifles only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. Transportation: 3 touring cars, 5-passenger. 10 trucks, 3-tan. 2 motor cycles with side car. 1 truck, J-ton. Table of organization for a base ammunition depot. Lieutenant coloneL. ilajor Captain First lieutenant Second lieutenant... I 1 8 16 22 Total commissioned Ordnance sergeant — Sergeant, first class. . . Sergeant of ordnance.. Corporal Cook Private, first class Privates 13 28 75 151 28 140 700 Total enlisted. 1,175 1,223 REMARKS. > Permanent personnel. •• 1 diief clerk and chief storekeeper— permanent personnel. 1 1 balance of stores clerk. •* 1 yard foreman — ^permanent personnel. Transportation: 3 touring cars, 5-passenger. 10 trucks, S-ton. 1 truck, i-ton. 2 motor cycles with side car. • Truck master. ' Shop foreman. E 1 draftsman, 1 chief carpenter, 1 chief black- smith, 1 chief tinsmith. I" 4 carpenters— j>ermanent personnel. 138 PEOVISIOSTAL MANUAL EOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. OPERATION OP THE DEPOT. Administration branch. — The lieutenant colonel in charge of the ammunition supply depot is the commanding officer of the depot and acts on all matters affecting its policy and operation. He has an ordnance sergeant as chief clerk and a corporal as stenographer. The chief clerk -will distribute, under the direction of the commanding officer, all papers affecting the various branches and sections of the depot. Personnel branch. — The personnel officer is a captain and has charge of all the per- sonnel administration, both commissioned and enlisted, and is responsible for all records and reports such as described in Chapter VIII under ordnance administrative headquarters for army ammunition parks. He has as assistants an ordnance sergeant as chief clerk, a sergeant as clerk, and a corporal as stenographer. The officer in charge of the depot detachment is a second lieutenant and is respon- sible to the commanding officer for the clothing, rationing, quartering, and disciplining of the depot personnel other than the attached ordnance ammunition companies. Requisition branch. — This branch is in charge of a captain who has had special tr ainin g on ammunition. The following enlisted personnel is assigned to this branch: 1 ordnance sergeant — chief clerk. 1 sergeant — balance of stores clerk. 1 sergeant — returns clerk. 1 sergeant — invoice clerk. 1 sergeant — record clerk. 4 corporals — clerks. 3 corporals— stenographers. Allocations for ammunition are received from the proper section of the general staff of the group of armies. These allocations are credits against which ammuni- tion may be drawn on requisition by army parks, field depots, and separate organiza- tions. The officer in charge of this branch verifies the authority for all allocations and requisitions and sees that the proper nomenclature relative to ammunition is main- tained. He is to keep the commanding officer informed as to the needs of the depot and to requisition ammunition to meet the demands. The balance of stores clerk maintains a balance of stores account. Exhibit 54, which shows at all times the quantities of each type of ammunition and components on hand, and allocated. There is a separate account kept for each class of ammunition, and on this account is shown all receipts and issues, the source from which received, and the consignee to whom issued. Exhibit 54. Balance of stores. Item. Card Number . Date. Received from. Issued to. Voucher number. Eaoeipts Issues. Balance oh hand. Amount allocated. Available Bemarks. PKOVISIONAIi MANUAL FOR OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 139 Group offices submit to the balance of stores clerk a detailed report, Exhibit 55, of incoming ammunition which is unloaded. This clerk makes the necessary additions to the balance on hand of each type of ammunition and enters opposite the quantity received the date, car nimibers, origin of shipment, bill-of-lading niunber, and receipt voucher number. ExHiBrr 55. Material received by group. Car number. Bill-of-ladlng number. Receipt voucher number. Received trom. Quantity. Material. (Slgned). In Charge Group. The balance of stores clerk makes the necessary deductions for ammunition shipped from the depot, entering opposite the quantity issued, date, car numbers, bill-of-lading number, consignee, and issue voucher number. The returns clerk receives all accomplished property vouchers affecting the depot and posts the items as required by existing regulations. The voucher clerk prepares all vouchers for signature by the commanding officer of the depot. He makes out issue orders, Exhibit 45, on the various groups for ammuni- tion in accordance with the request and balance of stores on hand. The record clerk maintains all records relative to the ammunition of the depot other than the balance of stores account. He receives allocations and copies of issue vouch- ers, and posts the items on cards, one card being used for each type of ammunition. All cards affecting an army park, field depot or separate organization are filed together. On each card is noted the credit and withdrawal against that credit, the dates of credit and issue, the authority and issue voucher nvmibers. The record clerk makes such other reports as are required by the commanding officer of the depot, the chief ordnance officer and the general staff of the armies. Operations branch. — The major in charge of this branch is responsible for the group sections, transportation, labor and maintenance relative to the receipt, storage, and issue of ammunition. All data relative to incoming and outgoing shipments are received by him, and he regulates the handling of all ammunition. He receives by means of telegrams or bills of lading advance notices of shipments being made to the depot and from the transportation section the information relative to what demands are made for outgoing shipments. He distributes labor for the loading and unloading of cars, sees that loaded cars for unloading and empty cars for loading are placed properly in the depot yards. This officer is assigned two commissioned assistants, a chief clerk, and a stenographer. 140 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Group section. — There is a commissioned officer in charge of each group, assisted by other officers when necessary. The enlisted personnel of a group office is as follows: 1 ordnance sergeant — chief clerk. 1 ordnance sergeant — chief storekeeper. 1 sergeant — report clerk. 1 corporal — typist. The enlisted personnel assigned to each warehouse in a group is as follows: 1 ordnance sergeant — storekeeper. 1 sergeant, first class — assistant storekeeper. The officer in charge of the group keeps in constant touch with the operations officer relative to cars and to labor. He is notified by the operations officer on receipt of advance notices. Exhibit 56, affecting ammunition en route for his group. He sends to the operations officer the desired location for incoming cars, which information is given to the transportation officer. The group officer is responsible that proper care is taken in the receipt, storage, and issue of ammunition in his group, and that neces- sary records and r- ports are maintained. Eshibit56. Advance notice — Incoming material. To Group . Date . .,19 Material listed below is en route to tMs depot. Information called for in coltmins 7 and 8 will be fur- nished on two copies of this form to be returned to operation's officer. To Teanspoetation Section. Cars listed below will be spotted in accordance with directions contained in columns 7 and 8. 1 Car No. 2 Quantity. 3 Material. 4 Shipped from— 6 Date shipped. 6 Expected date of arrival. 7 Spot car at mag. No. 8 Spot car at bay No. - Jn Charge Operaiiom Branch. In Charge Oroup. A ruiming inventory is maintained by each group office on a card system. On the tally card, Exhibit 57, is given one type of ammunition, the receipt and issues, dates, issue order numbers, and names of shippers and consignees. A record is kept which shows the quantities stored in each warehouse and the available storage space. A report is made each day to the operations officer which shows the tonnage handled during the day and the labor used. Item . PROVISIONAL MANUAL rOK ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. ExraBiT 57. ••• Tally card. CaidNo. ......... 141 Bate. Received from— Issued to— Issue order No. Eeceipts. Issue. BalarLce on land. Initial. On receipt of issue orders each group office makes out magazine orders in duplicate which shows quantities and items to be loaded into cars, issue order number, con- signee and destination. When a magazine order, Exhibit 58, has been filled it is signed by the chief storekeeper and returned to the group office. He notes on this form any difference in the amounts issued from the amounts required and the car numbers in which the ammunition was loaded. The group office makes notations on the issue orders relative to any changes in quantities issued and notes the car numbers as are on the warehouse forms. One copy of the issue order is signed by the officer in charge of the group and returned to the operations officer. The ware- house forma are used by the report clerks for posting items in the running inventory and for the daily reports, Exhibit 58. Magazine order. To Magazine Number Sliipto Date. ., 19. Material to be ready for shipment Material ready for shipment Issue Order Number Quantity. Material. (Signed) In Charge Growp. 142 PKOVISIONAX, MANXJAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Car manifests, Exhibit 59, are to be made for each car, showing contents of car, consignee, and destination. They are prepared by the checker after the cars are loaded and ready for shipment. One copy is placed securely in the car and the other given to the warehouse storekeeper, who extracts the information on the warehouse form and forwards to the transportation branch. Exhibit 59. Car manifest. From Ordnance Depot number: (Magazine Loaded at^ IGroup To: _ Date Car No At Odt. No Invoice No Unit. Description. Weight. Remarks: . Cliecked by A check is taken of all ammunition unloaded at a warehouse in a group. The checker makes a checker's report, Exhibit 60, in duplicate to the group office each day showing types and quantities of aromunition unloaded, location where unloaded, origin of shipment, and car numbers. Sate . Hour . PEOVISIONAL MANUAL. FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 60. Checker's report. 143 Magazine Number . Car number. Quantity. Material. Received from — Issued to — (Signed) Checker, A check is taken of all ammunition loaded at a warehouse in a, group. The checker makes the checker's report as described in preceding paragraph. Checkers will be fiirnished to the groups as needed by the operations officer. The report clerks post the quantities shown on these reports in the running inven- tory. At the end of each day these reports are consolidated into one report and sent to the balance of stores clerk. There is entered on this report the total receipts of each item, car numbers of cars received, and point of origin of shipment. Transportation section. — This section is in charge of a first lieutenant, assisted by a second lieutenant, and the following enlisted personnel: 3 ordnance sergeants — yard foremen. 1 sergeant, first claas — clerk. 6 corporals — car checkers. 3 privates — messengers. The officer in charge of this section maintains his office in the vicinity of the rail- way transportation office. He receives all reports from the operations officer concern- ing advance notices on cars and informs him immediately on receipt of cars. He receives from the operations officer all information pertaining to the placing of loaded cars which come to the depot and the placing of empty cars for loading. He receives from the officers in charge of groups all car manifests pertaining to outgoing shipments and sees that proper labels and biUs of lading are prepared for them. The clerk in the office keeps a record of all cars in the depot yards, loaded , unloaded, and reconsigned. He keeps a record of advance notices on incoming shipments and starts tracers for cars which do not arrive within a reasonable length of time. The record of incoming cars, Exhibit 61, shows date of arrival, nature of contents, point of origin, car number, and bill of lading number. The record of outgoing cars, Exhibit 62, shows date of departure, nature of contents, point of destination, voucher number, car number, and consignee. The checkers ascertain the contents of the cars and laark them for placing in the depot for unloading under the direction of the officer in charge of the section. 144 PBOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. Exhibit 61. Advance ordnance depot number four, record of incoming cars. Page No. Date. Car number. Contents. m Consigned from— Trans- port order No. 13 1 In- voice. Eemarks. < Exhibit 62. Advance ordnance depot number four , record of outgoing can. Page No. Date. Car number. Contents. Boxes. Units. Consigned to— Address. Transport order No. Invoice No. Remarks. Labor section. — There is to be attached to the depot such ordnance ammunition companies as are necessary for the furnishing of labor and guard. The officers in charge of these companies are responsible for all company administration except that handled by the personnel officer. Each company commander receives from the operations officer instructions as to the distribution of the personnel of his company in the depot. Guard section. — There is to be a permanent guard detachment formed from the personnel of the ordnance ammunition companies which is charged with the protec- tion of the depot and all Government property pertaining thereto. PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 145 Motor transportation section. — This section is charged with the operation and main- tenance of such motor transportation as is assigned to the depot. It is under the direct control of the operations officer and is in charge of a lieutenant. The enlisted person- nel assigned to this section is as follows: 1 ordnance sergeant — truckmaster. 12 sergeants — truck drivers. 2 sergeants, first class — mechanics. 2 corporals — ^touring car drivers. 10 privates, first class — assistant truck drivers. 3 privates, first class — motorcyclists. Maintenance section. — ^This section is in charge of a first lieutenant assisted by the following enlisted personnel: 1 ordnance sergeant — foreman. 1 sergeant — draughtsman. 1 sergeant — carpenter foreman. 1 sergeant — blacksmith. 1 sergeant — tinsmith. 1 corporal — ^blacksmith. 12 corporals — carpenters. 1 corporal — ^tinsmith. 6 privates, first class — carpenters' helpers. The personnel of this section is charged with the maintenance work of the depot structures and equipment and the repair of ammunition containers. RECEIFT, STORAGE, AND ISSUE Or AMMUNITION. Receipt of Ammunition. — Spotting of cars. — Immediately upon the arrival in the depot yard of a train containing ammunition the contents will be ascertained and compared with the car labels and waybills by the transportation section, so that the individual cars may be spotted at the proper magazines. Cars containing unfixed ammunition are spotted so that fuses, primers, and propelling charges may be imloaded before the projectiles. Sealed cars. — Sealed cars will only be opened by authorized persons. Diverted trains. — In case a train is to be diverted without unloading, notation will be made of contents, lot number of powder, and car numbers. These will be kept with depot records and in case a shipment is ordered of the same type of munitions to the depot receiving the diverted shipment, an effort will be made to ship the same lot number of propellant in order than one lot may be kept constantly moving forward until it is exhausted and the next lot then' started. If a train comes in to be diverted with a new lot of propellant and there is on hand part of a lot which has already been shipped to the depot in question, the new propellant lot will be unloaded and the old substituted before diverting. In this manner, no one depot will be cluttered with odds and ends of lots, and the batteries at the front will be assured of always getting the same propellant until the lot has been exhausted. In case the train is to be partially unloaded before diverting, care should be taken to see that all percentages of components are complete and that a full report is forwarded with the train. Sorting op Ammunition. — Inspection. — Ammunition must not be sorted for storage unless it is in good condition. As the train is unloaded, broken boxes or containers, dirty or rusted projectiles, or any components in bad shape must be set aside for repair. Such repairs as are necessary must be made immediately, for exposure to air for even a short period may seriously affect the munitions. 138968°— 20 10 146 PEO VISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICB. Sorting. — Ammunition which is in good condition should be assorted as follows: Small arms — (a) Caliber. (b) Class (for aircraft or infantry, etc.). (c) Tjrpe (traces, armor piercing, etc.). (d) Packing (bands, strips, slips, units, etc.). (e) Lot number. Grenades — (a) Filling (high explosive, smoke, gas, etc.). (5) Fused or unfused. (c) Type. 37 mm. — (a) Type. (b) Lot. Trench mortar bombs — (a) Caliber. (6) Model. Trench mortar propeUant — (a) Caliber and model of mortar. (6) Type. Pyrotechnics — (a) Type. (6) Color. (c) Kind. Artillery ammunition (fixed and unfixed) — Projectiles — (a) Caliber. (6) Type (high explosive, shrapnel, chemical, etc.). (c) Filling (nature of high explosive, type of shrapnel, kind of chemical). (cZ) Weight. (e) Class (steel, semisteel, cast iron, etc.). Fuses — (a) Type (percussion, time, time and percussion, etc.). (6) Size. (c) Model. (d) Function (instantaneous, no delay, short delay, long delay). (e) Manufacturer's lot number. Propellant — (a) Caliber. (6) Type. (c) Character of powder. (d) Lot number. Stohagb op Ammunition. — General. — Proper storage of ammunition depends upon the following: (a) On keeping the munitions in good condition. (6) On facility of loading and unloading. (c) Logical separation by dates, so that old ammunition can be shipped first. Small arms. — Small-arma ammunition reqidres very little care in storage. It is necessary to repair all broken boxes and to stack dunnage at least 3 inches off the ground. Small-arms ammunition, with exception of shotgun, incendiary, and tracer, may be stored outdoors under tarpaulins without danger of deterioration. Fixed ammunition. — Fixed ammunition will follow the same principle as small arms for short storage. It is, however, imwise to store fixed ammunition outside for PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 147 any length of time. No fixed ammumtion ■will be shipped before several boxes have been opened and the ammnnition carefully examined for deterioration. All boxed fuzed fl.TnmiiTiit.inTi must be safeguarded against moisture. All cased ammunition sweats badly on sudden changes of temperature. It is therefore necessary that as good ventUation as possible be arranged xmder and through these stacks. It should be remembered that fixed ammunition is more dangerous in storage than unfixed, due to the fact that powder, primer, and shell are all together. It is therefore necessary to traverse correctly and often. Do not stack ammunition against a sandbag or dirt traverse; leave fuUy 6 inches clearance to prevent a possible sinkage. Fuzes. — All fuzes and primers will be stored separately in huts. No one hut will contain all fuzes of one type. They wiU be so divided that if one hut is destroyed a fair percentage of all fuzes will be left in the others. Unfixed ammunition will be stored separately with regard to components. Propellants. — ^The principal point to be kept in mind in the storage of propellants is their susceptibility to moisture. Varying degrees of protection against this are afforded by the initial container in which the propellants are packed. All containers should be so stacked or piled as to avoid dampness and permit of a free circulation of air. Propellants of the same lot should be stored in same warehouse, as a difference in temperature may materially affect the ballistics. Frequent examinations are necessary to ascertain the condition of all powder in storage. This examination should be conducted immediately upon the receipt or shipment of any propellants. Projectiles. — ^As a general rule, loaded, unfuzed projectiles are not dangerous. They must be handled sensibly in order to prevent damage to soft rotating bands or fuze holes. In storing, piles will be so arranged as to give good ventilation and be protected from sun and rain. To this end, projectiles stacked inside a warehouse are raised on dunnage about 3 inches above the ground and piled in either sLagle or double rows for ventilation. Those stacked outside necessitate a corrugated iron or tarpaulin cover, raised at least 18 inches above the top of the pile and completely shading it. The most important featxires to look out for in the storage of projectiles are to see that aU fuze-hole stoppers are in place and to see that the rotating bands are in good condition. Projectiles stacked outdoors will be oiled with boiled linseed oil immediately upon unloading and before storing. Shells above 10 inches will usually be stacked on base; those below on side in tiers. These piles wiU be so arranged that each tier is alternated end for end. Grenades. — Grenades which are already fuzed will be stored separate from those which are not fuzed. When Bouchons or firing mechanisms are shipped in separate boxes, great care should be taken in handling them. Do not store incendiary and smoke grenades together. Smoke fillings are extremely dapgerous if wet. All special grenades have very thin walls and consequently will not stand rough handling. Pyrotechnics. — Pyrotechnics are sensitive to light, heat, and moisture. In case they get wet they must be immediately destroyed, for upon drying out they will become dangerous. Do not store aU of one type in same hut, and inspect frequently and remove immediately any which show signs of decomposition. Gas shells. — Gas shells must be stacked away from other munitions. As the walls are thin, they should be stood on base instead of side. The following precautions should be taken in handling gas shells: (a) Separation should be made so that any leaky shell may be removed imme- diately upon its detection. (6) Every man working near gas shells will be equipped with box respirators. 148 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCB FIELD SEEVICE. (c) Tubes of oxygen and first-aid appliances must be placed in conspicuous places in charge of a gas N. C. O. (d) Should an accident occur and one of the workers be overcome by gas, first- aid remedies will be immediately applied and a doctor called to admin- ister oxygen. (e) Any ammunition which has been exposed to gas must be cleaned with an oily cloth at once. (/) Wind vanes will be placed in conspicuous places where gas shells are han- dled, so that the direction of the wind may be immediately ascertained. Special shells.- — Special shells will be stacked on their base, if unfixed, and separated by traverses. Under no condition will incendiary and smoke shells be placed near each other. SHtPPINa OF AMMUNITION. Unfixed ammunition. — In shipping unfixed ammunition, where the projectiles themselves are not boxed they will always be stood on their base, separated, and braced by laths and boards in each end of the car. Powder and fuzes will be' laid on the floor, stacked securely in the middle. Primers will be shippedin a box, nailed to the side of the car where practicable. Do not brace the shells with powder or fuze boxes. Care should be exercised not to place fuze boxes where they are likely to fall or be cnished in any way. The best method is to leave a clear space just in front of the door and lay the boxes on the floor. Unfixed ammunition must never be shipped until the following inspections have been made by the noncommissioned officer in charge of each component^ and finally by the responsible officer: Projectiles. — ^All projectiles of a shipment, unless otherwise ordered, must be of the same weight and type; fuzestoppersmustbeinevery shell; if a fuze plug be broken the shell must not be shipped until a new plug is substituted; no shell in badly rusted condition or muddy and dir,ty will be shipped ; the car checker of the group is responsible that every shell which goes into the car is in perfect condition and of the right weight and type. Powder charges. — Every powder charge, unless otherwise ordered, must be of the same powder lot. Exception to above may be made in cases where two or more types of powder charges, in certain percentages, be shipped; then all charges of each type must be off the same lot. Powder which has been for some time in broken cans or boxes must not be shipped except by order of the officer in command. No powder should be shipped where the container is broken. Care must be taken to see that the can or box containers are so stacked that they will not fall in transit. Fuzes. — Fuzes must never be shipped except in strong boxes securely stacked. Never split boxes of fuzes except by order. Prim&s. — The best method for shipping primers is to make a container large enough to hold them and nail to side of the car over shells where there is no danger of crushing or breaking. All types of unfixed ammunition will be shipped by complete rounds in each car. By the term "complete rounds" is meant propelling charges, fuzes, and primers in proper proportion with respect to the projectiles in each car. This is done in order that every car which reaches its destination is ready for firing. Otherwise, it one or two cars containing all the powder or fuzes be lost the entire shipment is rendered worthless. Fixed Ammunition and Boxed Ammunition. — Shipping. — Fixed ammunition and unfixed ammunition in boxes will be stacked to cover the entire floor of the car with the exception of a space at the door for fuzes, and to permit easy loading. The same rule, i. e. , to ship each car in complete rounds, holds good for unfixed ammu- nition. PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. 149 In shipping small-arms ammunition, lots must be kept together. Where lots are of sufficient (quantity to fill a car, put all of that lot in one car. Where more than one lot is shipped in a car, keep the various lots separated in the car. Gas shells. — Gas shells will be shipped in cars which nie equipped for ventilation. If necessity demands that they be shipped in open cars or gondolas, paulina should not be laid over them so as to exclude ventilation. The general method of shipping closely follows that of other projectiles, except that in addition to bracing by lathes on the floor of the car, the projectiles should be placed in the cars so there will be no possible chance of movement. Cars con- taining gas shells will be plainly labeled so as to avoid possible dangerous results. Special placards will be used to designate such cars. GENERAL KULBS. All labels, addresses, descriptive letters, and chalk must be erased before car is released. Clearly written address labels stating contents of car, destination, date, and place of shipment must be placed on each side of the car. One car manifest giving the contents by parts must be posted on the inside of the car. Each component is then checked as loaded by the noncommissioned officer in charge of the loading of that component. Cars will be swept out before loading and inspection made for broken floor planks, etc. Where open cars are used, tarpaulins must be securely tied to cover all shells. Powder and fuzes will only be shipped in closed cars. Tarpaulins must not be securely tied over the tops of the gondolas. The importance of correctly loading a car can not be too much emphasized. At railheads ammunition is often unloaded at night into trucks. There is no chance for a receiver's check; mistakes are not permissible. Maintenance. — ^The construction work of an ammunition depot such as erecting storehouses, sheds, railway trackage, etc., is a function of the Engineer Corps. Such construction is done according to plans famished by the Ordnance Department. In the actual location of storehouses and sites for open storage proper consideration must be given to the local character of the terrain in order that the requirements as to minimum distances between storage sites and for railway construction are com- plied with. To minimize the danger from explosion, the principle of having a number of average size dumps or buildings must be adhered to rather than having few large storage places. The proper telephone commutdcation between the main office and the groups and all important centers must be installed. In order that receipts and issues may be made at night all storage points are provided with the necessary electric lights. A master switch under control of the main office controls all lights of the depot. A fire marshal is appointed for the depot, and it is his duty to see that the necessary equipment is obtained and properly placed at the different points and storehouses. He is responsible that instructions and orders for fire prevention and control are promulgated. Instructions for fire protection of ammunition dumps are given in Appendix II. All ammunition dumps and buildings will be suitably camouflaged. The necessary trenches or dugouts for the protection of the personnel against air raids or explosions will be provided. CHAPTER XV. ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF AN ORDNANCE OFFICE AT THE PORT OF DEBARKATION. The activities of the ordnance department in the base port section of operations vary- in accordance with the size and facilities offered by the port or porta within the section. A base port section may consist of one or more ports depending upon the distance which separates them and the feasibility of combination. Base section ports may be either for the receipt, shipment, and assembly of general supplies of all departments, or for certain specific supplies of all departments, or for certain specific supplies of one or more departments which are considered as dangerous or requiring special handling or attention. The nature of the activities within such a port varies with its location, the availa- bility of storage, and the manufacturing and shipping facilities within or surrounding the port. In general, since sufficient storage space for the various supplies of the dif- ferent departments and corps is not available at or near the ports, the base port ord- nance depots are physically removed from them. Where the ports of a base port sec- tion are well grouped geographically, and the necessary transportation is available, one depot is ordtaarily used to sort, handle, and store the supplies other than those shipped direct to the general supply ordnance depots in the interior. Where a base port section comprises more than one port, the ordnance activities at each port are under the jurisdiction of a port ordnance officer who is the representative of the base port ordnance officer and is responsible to him for all ordnance activities within his port. The nature of the ordnance activities within a base port section necessarily depends upon the activities within the ports of the section. In general the ordnance activities in a base section may be considered to consist of the following: Receipt of all ordnance stores coming into the section. Storage and preservation of such ordnance supplies which are not in immediate demand. Shipment of stores which are in demand by troops, or general supply ordnance depots. Issues of stores for use by troops in the immediate vicinity. Construction or assembly of ordnance materiel which has been disassembled for shipment overseas. The personnel maintained and organization required by the ordnance department in a base port section varies with the size and nature of the activities, as well as the nimiber of ports within the section. The accompanying table outlines the organiza- tion required by the ordnance department to conduct its activities at a general cargo port, having a suitable port ordnance depot. This personnel is sufficient for a port having facilities and berths for the simultaneous discharge of the stores from 18 ships, each dock being provided with standard-gauge tracks so that cars may be loaded directly from the boats. 150 PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOB ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 151 Table of organization, office base port ordnance officer. Adminis- tration. Records ofSoe. Dock office. Checkers. Detach- ment section. Total. T.fpiitATiJ^Tit r.nlnTiAl *1 1 *1 *1 *1 *1 2 1 2 Second lieutenant 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 8 f^rdTianw RprEPant *1 *2 3 3 4 { 4 1 *2 } ^ 14 3 2 2 2 4 4 11 3 1 3 14 Corporal 22 Cook 3 Private first class . . 6 6 8 6 10 25 24 Private 3 11 SI Total enlisted. 8 11 24 25 27 30 63 53 19 20 131 Aggregate. 139 ♦Permanent persormel. Table of base port ordnance services. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Units. Perma- nent person- nel. Head- quar- ters detach- ment 3 pla- toon, ord- nance depot com- Total. Depot permar nent person- nel. 3 ord- nance depot com- panies lable B. Total. Aggre. gate. 1 1 1 ; ^ir'stf iip"t;pTif>if;R .... 9 A fiproTid liftntpnantrS . . 11 7 3 5 8 3 18 21 29 Ordnance sergeants ^ »7 7 3 14 22 3 24 51 14 3 14 1 It -12 27 12 54 87 12 96 204 39 12 64 87 12 96 204 53 9 ppfg^aTif-.fl^ fir«1"f clapH 15 10 68 11 109 1' Cooks. - IS 13 Privates, first class 120 14 255 Total enlisted 15 7 124 131 12 492 604 635 in 10 129 139 15 610 523 664 17 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 19 1 REMARKS. • Dock officer. b Airmiunition dock officer. • Chief checkers and chief clerks. i One executive officer, one accoimts officer. • To be armed with rifles or pistols only when deemed necessary by the commanding officer. 152 PEOVrSIONAL MANTTAl, FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. BASE POET ORDNANCE OFFICER. The base port ordnance ofB.cer is a member of the staff of the commanding officer of the base port section, and thereby establishes close liaison and a thorough under- standing of the policy to be maintained between the ordnance department and the other supply departments, through their respective representatives on the staff of the base port commander. He is responsible to the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations^ for the receipt, care, maintenance, and disposition of all ordnance supplies coming under his juris- diction. When a base port section consists of but one port, the base port ordnance officer is the port ordnance officer. When a base port section consists of more than one port the base port ordnance officer is the port ordnance officer of the port at which his office is maintained with additional port ordnance officers at each other port. In the latter case the base port ordnance officer receives and keeps a complete record of the sepa- rate activities of each port. The base ordnance officer requires and maintairs such reports and records as will enable him to tell the nature, amoimt, distribution and dis- position of all ordnance stores within his base port section. The assistant of the base port ordnance officer keeps him constantly informed of the status of the routine work in the various branches of the ordnance department within the base port, and performs such other special duties as may be assigned bim by the base port ordnance officer. The base port ordnance officer receives from two sources the manifests of all ord- nance stores in a ship's cargo, (1) from the ordnance officer, port of embarkation, through the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, and (2) from the transporta- tion service. The chief ordnance officer receives the manifests in triplicate, marks thereon the disposition of all stores, which are not covered by blanket dispositions previously furnished, places one copy on ffie in his office, and sends the other two copies to the base ordnance officer, port of debarkation. Blanket disposition should always be finished the base port ordnance officer on all stores, the disposition of which can be determined by the office of the chief ordnance officer, theater of opera- tions in advance of the receipt of such stores at the port of debarkation. The ordnance overseas manifests should arrive at the port in advance of the arrival of the ship. The ship's manifests from the Army transport service are not received until after the ship has arrived at the port of debarkation. While these two manifests should agree as to the number of cases of ordnance stores in any particular cargo, the former is usually more specific and goes more into detail than the latter regarding the nature and description of the stores. The ordnance overseas manifest describes the markings and gives the contents and number of each of the various kinds of packages while the transportation service manifest often gives only the total number of two or more kinds of cases, referring to the stores as "so many cases of miscellaneous ordnance stores." While the transportation service manifest is presumably correct in the total number of cases of ordnance stores in a ship's cargo, its data regarding the number and con- tents of the various kinds of cases is usually insufficient to give adequate information for furnishing final disposition on the stores. Upon arrival of the ship at the base port, the transportation service sends to the base port ordnance officer extract copies of the list of ordnance stores prepared from the ship's manifest, requesting disposition on them. 'WTiile the base port ordnance depot is generally the disposition designated by the base port ordnance officer, in case the stores are urgently needed at the front or are covered by blanket or special dispositions received as above outlined from the office of the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, such disposition is given the transportation service in order to expedite shipment. The transportation service manifests are often found to be in- PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 15S correct, due to rush stores which are hurried on the boat for shipment during the last few days of loading at the port of embarkation. In many instances the inaccuracies occur through a change in priority regarding the stores which are to make up a ship's cargo. It is therefore not uncommon to find stores b'sted on the ship's manifest which are not contained in the cargo. The nvmiber of cases of certain items listed on the manifest often differ materially from the number of cases in the cargo. This necessitates careful checking and sorting of all stores when they are discharged from the ship. The ships and docks are under the jurisdiction and supervision of the transportation service, which is charged both with discharging and with loading the cargo into cars or trucks for interior shipment. In order that the transportation service may main- tain a careful record of all of the various stores discharged on and removed from the docks, this service is furnished as checkers, a detachment from each supply depart- ment. The number of men furnished by any supply department is in proportion to quantity of stores received by that department. These men should be chosen because of their knowledge of and familiarity with the various supplies of their particular department. Each detachment should include men who are familiar with the proper methods of handling and securing for shipment materiel that is liable to be damaged through ignorance or carelessness. Checkers are ordinarily assigned to work irrespective of the department to which the stores belong but when stores requiring special knowledge on the part of checkers are discharged, the particular department concerned will always insist on the checkers furnished by them. The checkers are provided with pads of checkers reports which may be used for material of all departments. Individual steps will in all cases, however, contain records of material of but one supply department. Checkers reports are of two kinds, unloading. Exhibit 63, and loading, Exhibit 64. Unloading reports are used to check all material discharged from ships, while the loading tickets are used to record all stores loaded onto cars for shipment. Exhibit 63. Checkers unloading report. Checker's signature Date lo aded. Destination. No. of cases. Order No. Package No. Markings. Weight. Ship. Dock. Car No. 154 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SEEVICE. Exhibit 64/ Loading ticket. Original. No Dock No. Port of Date Hour Loaded! From ' M Indicate by X how marked. Q.M. T. S. Engrs. Ord. Med. Sig. A-ria. Gas. Coal. RedX. Y.M.C.A. Misc. No Car initial M. T. S. Troop. Oil. Navy. . Capacity-.. Kind of car Bruettege (Yes or No) Tarpaulin used (.Yes or No). . Order No. Pkg. No. or unit. Article— Name the article, state how packed, and show number of units in each package. No. of pkgs. Weight. quantity. Each item. Totnl. If loaded from dock to car or truck, > show herenameof ship from which rec'd./ Show hero if handled by A. T. S., Contract or French Labor. Loading Officer. Checker. Rank. Organization. These records are made out in triplicate by the checkers and turned into the trans- portation service checkers' office, where they are assorted according to the department to which they belong. The original copy of each slip is sent to its proper depart- ment for record and reference. From these slips the base port ordnance officer com- piles and maintains a record of all ordnance stores available on the docks and in the ships, as well as those which have been shipped. From these records such daily, weekly, and other reports as may be required are made and forwarded to the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, for the information of that office. All property having serial package numbers will be shipped in sequence according to the priority given by the proper authority. PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOE ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 155 STORAGE AND PRESERVATION ON DOCKS. The matter of storage and preservation of mat&iel and supplies at a base port is one for which no definite rules can be prescribed or followed. Such questions arise however, at every port, and each presents its difficulties for solution. Storage prob- lems depend upon the volume of material handled, the facilities for handling, the space provided for such handling, the location of the port depot, and the kind and quantity of transportation available. Ordinarily dock storage space is inadequate to accommodate the volume of stores discharged under war time conditions. The pro- cess of discharging is continuous, and in order that ships may make the maximum number of voyages unloading must be accelerated to the utmost. This acceleration results in more or less confusion and disorder in the deposit and arrangement of store- on the docks, so that ordnance, quartermaster, signal corps, and other supply depart- ments' stores are frequently mixed. It is the duty of ordnance personnel to prevent unnecessary mixing of its stores with those of other departments, for when such misarrangement exists, it is not only difficult to keep track of the stores, but segregation for shipment is always slow, and the increased handling necessary in sorting results in delay and excessive breakage. The method of arranging stores on the docks depends upon the facilities provided and the space available. While this handling is done entirely by the transportation service, the cooperation of the various supply departments and their advice and assist- ance regarding the care and arrangement of those stores which require particular attention or technical knowledge are always solicited, and should be provided. A warehouse is desirable on or near the docks for the receipt of damaged or special stores or less than carload lots. A part of such storage space should be used, if pos- sible, as a miscellaneous workshop, where cleaning and preserving materials are kept for the care of ordnance property. SHIPMENT OP STORES. Cars are allotted to the various docks and departments by the transportation service in accordance with their necessities after a sufficient nimiber have been reserved for the shipment of perishables, ammunition, or other rush priorities. Obviously docks in a state of congestion receive a greater apportionment of cars than those docks which are less obstructed, and while every effort is made to keep the docks clear at all times, such a condition is seldom realized. Stores are shipped by rail or truck trains, the cars or trucks being loaded either directly from the boat or from the docks. In the former case the unloading report for the boat is also the loading ticket for the car, and is the only check made at the port of material and stores so handled. It is, hence, most important that reliable checkers be assigned to this work. After the stores are loaded, checked, and secured on the cars, the bills of lading are furnished by the railroad transportation officer and the cars are properly marked and sent to the yards to be made up into trains for shipment. As above stated, practically all ordnance stores received at a base port are shipped to the base port depot, and upon their arrival are sorted according to the particular depot group to which they belong. Each group or department of the depot handles and accounts for only those stores which properly belong to it. After the stores are sorted and arranged according to the group system they are held for further disposition. In all shipments from the port depot to other depots the stores are loaded on the cars according to the group arrangements wherever possible to avoid resorting upon arrival at the receiving depot. 156 pkovisionaij manual for ordnance field service. OFFICE AND RECORDS SECTION. The officer in charge of the office and records section is charged with the proper preparation of all necessary records pertaining to the activities of the ordnance depart- ment in the base port. He handles all correspondence, including telegrams and telephone calls, that pertain to his office, maintains the necessary files, such reports as the base ordnance officer or the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, may direct. It is obvious that such reports should be reduced to the absolute minimum necessary to furnish the information essential for the intelligent functioning of that office. The records of the various base port sections, while similar in nature, vary in accordance with the extent of their activities and the nature of the property handled. Each port maintains only such records as are necessary to function efficiently and furnish the information and data required by higher authority. Some of the records and reports ordinarily required are listed and outlined herein. The ship's record, which consists of both the ship's manifest and the ordnance manifest, shoidd include the checkers unloading records and all telegrams and cor- respondence pertaining to the ship and its cargo. The port balance of stores report, Exhibit 65, shows the amount of each item on hand in the port, the disposition for the item, the shipments made and the amount due out, as shown on the form. PROVISIONAL MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 157 :§ a S R .^ K s H ^ gj 'p ■a 1 n 6 § o Id 6^ - 1 1 1 s 1 ^ «< u i 1 n 1 a' 1 1 i 11 1 J 1 i n 158 PROVISIONAL, MANUAL, FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. The daily report of receipts, Exhibit 66, is rendered to the base ordnance oflBce by the base ordnance depot and serves as a check on the loading tickets. The daily report of shipments, Exhibit 67, is rendered by the port ordnance depot and keeps the base port ordnance officer informed as to the shipments made on the port issue order. Exhibit 68, which gives disposition and is the authority for shipping stores that are not to be held at the base port ordnance depot. Such other records and reports as -will increase the efficiency of the base port section should be required as the neces- sity therefor arises, but their number should always be the miniTnum absolutely essential. Exhibit 66. « Sheet No. . Ordnance department daily report of receipts. Car No. Initial. Date re- ceived. Date un- loaded. Group. Ware- house. From — Contents, Quantity. No. of Eeport No No. of sheets Reported by... Rahfcand Org. Sheet No. ExHiBrr 67. Ordnance departrrvent daily report of shipment. Car No. Initial. Date loaded. Date shipped. Bill of lading. Consignee. Contents. Quantity. No. of package.s. Shipping report No No. of sheets Note.— Items to be arranged according to warehouse grouping. Reported by . . . Bank and Org. PKOYISIONAL, MANUAL FOE OEDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 159 Exhibit 68. Port issue order. No From: O. O., Base Section No. I. To: O. O., Base Ordnance Depot No Authority: C. O. O., Disposition Manifest S. S per . SMptoC. O Date. .191 the following: Amount. Article. Shipped you. Date. Car. Copies to — C. O. O. E. O. O. P. O. D. # Note. — litems are listed according to the group to which they pertain. The personnel officer is charged with keeping all necessary records and reports pertaining to the commissioned and enlisted ordnance personnel within the base port section. He is usually the commanding officer of the enlisted detachment. The ordnance dock officer is the representative of the ordnance department on the docks and supervises all work of checkers and others handling ordnance stores. He sees that the ordnance department receives from the transportation service manifest extracts of all ordnance stores carried on ships, and as outlined above provides the transportation service with disposition on ordnance material before the boat has docked. The dock officer keeps the port ordnance officer informed as to the location of boats, and the nature of these stores being discharged from them, and furnishes the transporta- tion service with instructions regarding the handling of any special stores in the cargo. He is responsible that men checking ordnance stores are furnished with a copy of the ordnance manifest and have full instructions regarding the proper methods of obtaining and tabulating the data required. If possible he sees that ordnance property is not mixed with that of other departments where space for separate piling is available. The dock officer funushes the transportation service with a priority list for the shipment of ordnance property and sees that stores most urgently needed are separated from those less in demand and made immediately available for shipment. Ordnance personnel is instructed by the dock officer to make a thorough inspection of all cars loaded, to insure that they are in serviceable condition. 160 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. The dock officer is responsible that ordnance cars are loaded to but not in excess of their maximum capacity, and details sufficient men to examine loaded cars to see that the stores are properly arranged and secured to avoid accident or damage in shipment. Special care is taken to see that cars are properly billed to the consignee. The dock officer provides convoys where necessary for property shipped between the port and the base port depot. The convoyers are given all necessary papers relative to the shipment returning with the conveyers' receipts. When stores are to be shipped by truck train the dock officer makes request on the motor transport corps stating the number of tons to be transported, the nature of the load, the time and place to which the trucks are to report, and the destination. Re- quest is made in time to insure reservation of necessary truck capacity. The com- mander of the truck train is furnished with invoices which are accomplished by the consignee and returned to the base port tlepot. The dock ammunition officer is the ordnance ammunition representative on the docks and is also an assistant to the dock officer. He is responsible to the dock officer that proper care is observed in handling ammunition, and provides the transportation service with written instructions prescribing the precautionary measures necessary in unloading different explosives. The dock ammunition officer provides sufficient cases to replace those that are broken or damaged and supervises the handling to prevent excess breakage. The chief ordnance checker is under the control of the ordnance dock officer and is charged with the enforcement of all ordnance regulations by the checkers. He sees that the ordnance department is supplied with loading and unloading checkers' reports for ordnance stores handled by the transportation service, and examines these reports before they are sent to the office of the base port ordnance officer to see that important or necessary data is not missing. - The chief checker, under the direction of the dock ordnance officer, effects an in- ventory of all ordnance supplies on those docks which are free from congestion to such an extent that the inventory will not be subject to error. This inventory is sent to the office of the base port ordnance officer for comparison with and correction of the balance of stores record. It is not practicable to prescribe the intervals at which these dock inventories should be taken, but they should be made at such advantageous periods as a rapid and accurate inventory can be accomplished. The chief checker under the supervision of the dock officer sees that all broken or damaged cases are recoopered on the docks excepting those in which goods are miss- ing or the damage is of such nature that repair on the docks is impracticable. Such cases are sent to the warehouse and repacked after an inventory of the contents has been made and reported to the dock officer in writing. This report shows the cause of such damage, the place where the breakage occurred, the amount of stores missing, and such other available data as will tend to fix the responsibility. In addition to supervising the work of the checkers, if practicable, the chief checker sees that when stores of less-than-carload lots are left on a dock, transportation is fur- nished by the Motor Transport Corps to remove such stores to another dock where similar stores are being placed or loaded for shipment. When there are no stores on another dock for the same destination and the stores are of such a nature as to require protection from the elements, the less-than-carload lots are removed to the warehouse for temporary storage. When artillery matdriel, tractors, machine tools, and similar ordnance property is received, it is inspected by the chief checker and given such attention as may be required. The personnel for cleaning and greasing will be furnished by the trans- portation service upon application of the ordnance dock officer. The personnel of the ordnance dock office fully cooperates with the transportation service at all times, giving information and rendering such service to that depart- ment regarding ordnance as to facilitate and expedite the handling of their stores . PEOVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 161 BASE POET ORDNANCE DEPOT. Base port ordnance depots are designed of such size and capacity as will accommo- date the maximum volume of ordnance material which is to be handled, sorted, and forwarded through the particular port, as well as to maintain the desired reserve designated to be held within the particular base port area. The base port ordnance depot, aa shown by the accompanying table, is organized the same as a base general supply ordnance depot, and is imder the jurisdiction of the base port ordnance officer. This depot handles all ordnance stores except ammunition which is discharged at the ports within the section. Stores received at the port depot are sorted according to the group in which they belong, each group operating as a separate depot, which receives and issues stores independently of the other groups and maintains all records relative to the stores. Shipping instructions in the form of port issue orders are received from the base port ordnance officer by the various groups to which they pertain. The port issue order gives disposition to the group to invoice and ship stores to the same group of the depot given as consignee. Requisitions on the depot emanate from the office of the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations. Issue orders on the various groups are made and distributed as explained in Chapter XIII; Issue orders are filled and shipments made to other depots in conformity with the group system, invoices being prepared so as to pertain to the property belonging to one group only. Shipments of less-than-carload lots are sent by the various groups to the issue section where they are consolidated for shipment. Night auditors, as in the case of a base general supply ordnance depot, are assigned by the office of the chief ordnance officer, theater of operations, to checJb and correct day entries. This auditing establishes accountability and takes the place of periodical returns. Table of organization base port ordnance depot. 1 Si P3 1 1 1 1 O d S p4 1 1 6 Pi 1 2 a ■3 3 Major *1 *1 1 *1 "i' 1 1 1 First lieutenant 1 1 1 i' 1 1 1 "2 6 9 1 1 1 1 1 Total commissioned 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 21 {*l 1 *1 }^ {*i 2 *1 2 2 6 2 *1 2 4 6 1 *i 2 4 5 1 *i 1 4 6 2 *1 1 3 6 1 *1 1 3 6 1 *1 1 3 6 2 *1 2 4 8 }^ 6 39 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 8 10 20 9 4 12 20 50 87 Cook 2 4 2 10 10 ■ 6 5. 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 S 6 S 6 5 14 100 Private. 204 11 14 9 11 4 5 35 37 24 25 26 28 24 25 24 25 24 25 23 24 23 24 28 30 148 149 101 103 525 138968°- * Permanent personnel. CHAPTEK XVI. ORDNANCE SCHOOLS. The subject of ordnance schools in the theatre of operations is one in which no definite policy can be laid down. Training courses were given in France during the War of 1917-18 which were very useful for both ordnance personnel and for line personnel and may be taken as a general guide in future operations. It should be borne in mind that the conditions under which these ordnance schools were operated in time of war were vastly different from those under which instruction for officers and enlisted men would be conducted in time of peace. It was necessary in these ordnance schools to condense a maximimi of data and information in a Tninimum amount of time, the question of time being the vital and controlling factor. The ordnance schools in France were located in the theatre of operations at points most suitable for the carrying out of instruction. Ammunition schools were situated at or near ammunition depots, supply schools at ordnance depots, and shop schools at or near shops. In this manner it enabled those taking the courses to see the actual working conditions in connection with their studies and to help in the actual work in conjunction with their studies. Schools were also established by the French where officers and enlisted men had the opportunity for studying French methods of manufacture of ammunition and artillery, and of assisting in the repair of materiel. The ordnance schools in operation in France are classified as follows: Armainent schools. Artillery materiel schools. Motor equipment schools. Ammunition schools. Ordnance supply schools. Staff school for ordnance officers. Ordnance shop schools. The courses in the armament school were the aerial armament course and the small arms and automatic arms course. The aerial armament course was given at an air service center, while the othpr course was given near a general ordnance depot. The aerial armament course was organized and utilized for the training of officers and enlisted men of the Ordnance Department, and the air service in the use and maintenance of the different arms furnished by the Ordnance Department to the respective branches of the service. Twenty-six officers and 343 enlisted men were engaged on the instruction and administrative staff of this school. The length of the course was eight weeks and there were facilities for the instruction of 80 officers and 800 enlisted men in each course. A special course of four weeks was given to students who had already had previous training in the States. During these courses studies were made of the Lewis gun, the Vickers machine gun, the Marlin aircraft machine gun, synchronizing, bombs, sights, and armament. The following points were studied in connection with each gun: (a) History and general description of gun's mechanism. (6) Nomenclature of gun and magazine. (c) Stripping and assembling. (d) Detailed study of mechanism, (c) Immediate action. (/) Regulation of sights 162 PROVISIONAL MANUAL FOR ORDNANCE FIELD SERVICE. 163 (g) Care and preservation: Points before firing. Points after firing. Detailed cleaning of guns. (h) Points before and after flight. {j) Inspection of gun, magazine, and ammunition. (k) On the range: Malfunctions and stoppages, causes and remedies. Loading, firing, and unloading. Immediate action in all positions. The following outline was studied in the course en synchronizing, bombs, sights, and armament. (a) Description and functions of various gears. (6) Nomenclature of gears. (c) Action of and timing of gears. (d) Stripping and assembling. (e) Synchronizing and range. (/) Care, repair, and adjustment of gears. (g) General descriptions and construction of bombs and their components. {h) Nomenclature of fuses and their action, (i) Nomenclatiu-e of different type bombs and flares. (j) Arming and disarming — special precaution in handling bomb. (k) Description, nomenclature, and installation of bomb carriers. (Z) Action and adjustment of bomb carriers, (m) Installation and loading of bomb gears, (n) Theory of bomb sights. (o) Nomenclature and methods of use of bomb sights, (p) Fitting and adjustment of sights. (?) Installation of armament of aeroplane, (r) Work on fuselages. SMALL AND AUTOMATIC ARMS COURSE. The small arms and automatic arms course was conducted for the training of the personnel of the machine gun and small-arms sections of mobile ordnance repair shops. The length of the course was 28 days. During the course studies were made of the — United States rifle, model 1903. United States rifle, model 1917. British Enfleld rifle. Colt automatic pistol. Colt and Smith & Wesson revolvers. MarUn machine gun (aircraft). Lewis machine gun. Hotchkiss machine gun. Vickers machine gun. Browning automatic rifle. Chauchat automatic rifle. Browning machine gun. 37-min. gun. Winchester shot gun. Enemy machine guns and small arms. 164 PKOVISIONAIi MANUAL FOR OKDNANCE FIELD SBRVICB. The following general outline was pursued in connection with each piece: (a) Nomenclature and function of parts. (b) Method of dismounting and assembling. (c) Action. (d) Malfunctions, stoppages, and common field breakages. (e) Methods of field repair. (/) Cleaning, care, and preservation. Preparation and use of solutions. (g) Inspection. (h) Ballistics of ammunition. This course, like the preceding one, involves lectures, readings, discussions, and practical problems. In addition, however, the student was given actual shop experi- ence in the common breakages, pit-firing, and methods of field repair. Tools and equipment of the same character that were used by mobile ordnance repair shops in the field were provided and each student was required to overhaul all pieces studied. Wherever available salvaged pieces were supplied and the students disassembled, repaired, assembled, inspected, and tested all types. ARTILLERY MATERIEL SCHOOLS. Light artillery materiel schools were established in the theater of operations at such places as were best suited for their installation. It was found practicable to establish one school where all mobile ordnance repair shop personnel could be instructed and the course was given in the advance section. There were also several schools started at training camps for ordnance personnel and for officers and battery mechanics of light artillery units. It is difficult to state just what personnel and facilities were available in these courses of instruction, but these courses were given to all personnel of mobile ordnance repair shops and to battery mechanics and such ofiicers as desired to take the course. Diu'ing these courses a study was made of the following material: 75-mm. gun. 155-imn. howitzer. Trench artillery. The following study was made of each piece: (a) Character and purpose of the materiel. (6) Complete dismounting of breech mechanism. (c) Complete dismounting of the piece. (d) Complete dismounting of recuperator or cradle. (e) Complete reassembling of materiel. (/) Inspection and cleaning of piece. (g) Repair and adjustments of sights. "the men were given detailed instruction on each unit and component parts, their nomenclature and functions. Special emphasis was given at all times to the features which frequently give trouble in action, and the repairs which can be made and the method of making them in the field. In addition to the above, instruction was given on the following subjects: (a) Fire-control instruments. (6) Ammunition (with special study of methods employed to remove pro- jectiles lodged in the forcing cone of field cannon). (c) Use of inspectors' tools. (d) Elementary mechanics, to acquaint students with use and power of tackle in getting guns or trucks out of holes, roadways or gutters. While lectures and discussions were held and handbooks studied, the greater part of the course was devoted to actual handling of the materiel. Tools and equipment supplied to organizations in the field were provided and each student was required to . " Day of fire," definition of 91 Depots: Aircraft armament 79 Army general supply 52 Administration of 53 Operation of 54 Organization of 53 Base ammunition 136 Allocations for 138 General rules for 149 Guard for 136 Operation of 188 Organization of 136 Base general supply 121 LCL warehouse 131 Operation of 123 Organization of 122 Requisitions on 123 Base port 161 Division, munitions officer 28, 98 Division ordnance officer, duties of: In camp 24 In division .* 26 To follow up requisitions ■ 27 As regards refitting division 27 As regards salvage material 13 Information regarding enemy ammunition 28 Dock ammunition officer 160 Dock ordnance officer 159 "Dues out:" Not carried in army depots 12 Not kept, for organizations 133 Semimonthly report of 126 Duties of: Aircraft armanent division, office chief ordnance officer 108 Aircraft armament officer, army. 40, 71 INDEX. 191 Duties of — Continued. Page. Ammunition depot oflBcer, army 32 Ammunition division, office chief ordnance officer 112 Ammunition inspectors, army 40 Army ordnance officer 13, 31 Artillery armanent officer 39, 59 Artillery division, office chief ordnance officer 109 Base port ordnance officer 152 Camp ordnance officer .- 24 Chief of ordnance 7 Chief ordnance officer 7, 105 Corps ordnance officer 30, 98 Division munitions officer 94, 98 Division ordnance officer 13, 24, 26 Dock ammunition officer 160 Dock ordnance officer 159 Executive assistant to chief ordnance officer 105 General administrative division, office chief ordnance officer 106 General supplies division, office chief ordnance officer 114 Machine gun, small arms, trench warfare division, office chief ordnance of- ficer Ill Maintenance division, office chief ordnance officer 113 Motor equipment and tank division, office chief ordnance officer 110 Personnel division, office chief ordnance officer 107 Personnel officer, army park headquarters 42 Planning division, office of chief ordnance officer 106 Railway artillery ammunition inspectors 89 Railway artillery armament officer 88 Railway artillery ordnance officer 86 Railway artillery ordnance supply officer 87 Small arms armament officer, army 40 Supply officer, army 39 Technical assistants to chief ordnance officer 105 Equipment of: Ammunition park 51 Artillery inspectors, army 70 Railway artillery inspectors 89 F. Filing system, correspondence 9 G. Group system in ordnance supply depots; Army 54 Base general 121 Base ammunition 13g Base port I6I 1. Inability record, army depot 12 Inspections: Ordnance supply officers 9 Procedure prior to 9 Purpose of 59 Railway artillery 88 192 INDEX. Inspectora, field: .Page. Numbers of, in army 40 Detailed duties of 70 Issues, record kept by division ordnance officer 27 M. Maintenance facilities: Classes of 14 Controlled by 14 Theater of operations, in 8, 14 Munitions offices: Corps 94,101 Division 95, 98 Personnel of 94 Munitions section, office of General Staff, army 92 0. Operation of: Ammunition park 47 Army general supply depot 54 Base ammunition depot 138 Base general supply depot 123 Base port depot 161 Organization of: Aircraft armament office 71 Aircraft armament depot 79 Ammunition park 51 Army general supply depot 53 Base ammunition depot 136 Base genera] supply depot 121 Base port depot '. 161 Headquarters for Army Ammunition Parks 42 P. Park, ammunition: Administrative headquarters. , 42 Equipment for 51 Location of, determined by 32 Operation of 47 Personnel of 94 Personnel officer at 42, 47 Park, ammunition: Recommendations for promotions at .- 43 Storage of ammunition 103 Personnel officer, army park headquarters 42, 47 Promotions, recommendations for 43 R. Rail-head section of army depot 55 Salvage by 55 Railway artillery: Ammunition inspectors 89 Armament officer, duties 88 Inspectors, equipment of 89 Ordnance officer 86 INDEX. 193 Railway artillery — Continued. Page, Ordnance supply officor _. 87' Requisitions for units of 88' "Reserve" 86' Railway transportation, methods of obtaining lOO Replacements, anticipated requirements of artillery 59 Reports: Aircraft armament 72 "Dues out".. 126,133 Personnel in ammunition parks, army 42, 47 Requisitions: Approved of 12, 53, 123. Handling in army depot 53 Handling in division 26: Method of numbering 11, 26 On base port ordnance depot 161 Railway artillery units 88 Units in training 124 Zone of advance,! from 124 For maintenance work 7,8,11,12,16,16,16,39,52,55,72 S. Sales of public property 126' Salvage by rail-head section 55 Salvage by small arms and machine gun center 58 Salvage section of army depot 55 Salvage material, utilization of 13 Schools, ordnance, in France 162 Shipment of stores 155 Shops: Advance base ; 15 Aerial armament centers 15 Base 14 Division 17 Heavy artillery regimental 16 Heavy mobile 1& Machine-gun center IS- Railway artillery camp 16- Training centers 15 Small arms and machine gun center 55^ Advance echelons of .- 55- Small arms armament officer 40' Storage: Ammunition 103, I4ff Docks 155 Storehouses for ordnance stores. {See Groups systems.) Supply company, ordnance 9; Supplies: Aircraft armament , 72; Ammunition in army area ■. QQ) Ammunition, source of 90 Ammunition, function of army staff 92 Ammunition, function of corps staff 94 Ammunition, function of division staff 9g 138968°— 20 13 194 INDEX. Supplies — Continued. Pago. Carried by mobile ordnance repair shop 27 Classification of ordnance 11 Methods of obtaining 11 Through shops 12 T. Tables of organization: Administrative headquarters for Army ammunition parks 42 Advance base ordnance repair shop 18 Air service group 81 Air service squadron , 81 Army general supply ordnance depot 53 Army ordnance office 32 Base ammunition ordnance depot 137 Base general supply ordnance depot 122 Base port ordnance depot 161 Base port ordnance services 151 Camp ordnance depot 25 Corps ordnance office 30 Division headquarters 28 Division mobile ordnance repair shop 23 Equipment and installation shop 20 Heavy mobile ordnance repair shop 22 Heavy artillery regimental ordnance repair shop 19 Infantry division 29 Office base port ordnance officer 151 Office of the chief ordnance officer '. . 115 Aircraft armament division 117 Ammunition division 119 Artillery di'v'ision 118 ■General administration division 116 General supplies, storage, and traffic division, 120 Machine gun, small arms, and trench warfare division 119 Maintenance division 120 Motor equipment and tank diAdsion 118 Personnel division 117 Planning Division 116 Office of the deputy chief ordnance officer. (Chapter IX) 85 Ordnance ammunition company 9 Ordnance depot company 10 Ordnance personnel for an army depot 80 Ordnance personnel for railway artillery center 87 Railway artillery ordnance repair shop 21 Small arms and machine gun center 59 Technical information, transmission 8 Transportation of: Ammunition within an army 100 Ammunition within a division 98 U. -Units, ordnance basic 9 INDEX. 195 EXHIBITS. No. Abstract of reviews 49 128 Abstract slip 51 130 Allocations 42 97 Allocation record 10 49 A.nmiuiiition record.. 29 73 Armament breakage record 32 74 Balance of stores 54 138 Battery commander's report of prematm-es witb guns, etc 4 41 iCar manifest 59 142 ■Carriage condemnation reports 19 64 Checker's loading report 64 154 Checker's report 8 48 ■Checker's report 60 143 ^Checker's unloading report 63 153 Condition of armament on planes 38 79 Daily ammunition balance 2 33-39 Daily ammunition report 1 33 Daily report of material on hand in shop 25 67 Daily report of receipts 66 158 IDaily report of shipments , 67 158 Depot order 11 50 Daily situations of ammunitions 39 96 Dues out record 53 134 -Gun condemnation 18 63 Oun record card 13 60 <}un record card 13a 61 o m 200 U 3. OQDNANCE DEPOT 400 eOO 600 /OCO FT. /2A/l£0AO, STANOAet> &AOJ? 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