(JjnrnpU ICam ^rl^nnl Htbtary Cornell University Library KF 159.M84 An English version of legal maxims :with 3 1924 022 835 114 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022835114 AN ENGLISH VERSION LEGAL MAXIMS, WITH THE ORIGINAL FORMS ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, AN INDEX OF SUBJECTS. " Juris friEcepta sunt hcec : honesta vivere, alterum non Icedere^ suuin cujque tribuere.^^ JAMES APPLETON MORGAN, A.M. Author of "The Law of Literature,'' ** Notes to Best's Principles of Evidence," etc., etc. CINCINNATI: ROBERT CLARKE & CO. 187S. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by ROBERT CLARKE & CO., In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. O ■ R • M TIBI • A • ME EGBNTE • TEBBIS SED • CVPIENTE HONOKEM • AMOREMQTE DIOERE • HlC • LIBER DEDICATVS. PREFACE. The present compilation is an attempt to bring together in one work all known legal maxims culled from the writings of the Fathers, such as are convenient for reference of counsel, and as have, heretofore, been accessible only in separate treatises or works of general reference. Its compiler trusts that by presenting, in clear type, a readily consulted and authoritative English Version of the Maxims — (those pediments and sunken foundation stones of the law, which can- not be suffered to lapse with the usefulness of the antique speech in which they lie embalmed)— ^a Ver- sion aiming rather at an intelligible, than a literal or terse translation — his work may prove of actual practical benefit to practitioner as well as student, At the same time, lest any elder lawyer should miss the old form in which he was taught familiar- ity with the Maxims, the Latin or law-French form is also preserved. In either case, the referepce will be accurate, since the compiler has, in every case, preserved the exact and authentic form of the orig- (v) VI PREFACE. inal, while, for an English version, he has sought to give one authoritative, from the Books, in pref- erence to any paraphrase of his own. A word as to the reference to these pages. Should the practitioner desire a Maxim on a particular sub- ject, he will consult the Index of Subjects appended to the body of the work, where he will find each referre_d to by its number in the pages foregoing. For example, if he desire a Maxim appropriate to " Equity," he will find under that heading in the Index, the numbers 70, 71, 72, 73, etc. On the other hand, if searching for a Maxim familiar to him, which he recalls by the first word of its Latin or French form (as, e. g., JEquitas), by turning the pages he will find it alphabetically in its proper place. The heading of every page will thus guide him to the number he has found in the Index, or to the Maxim itself. For example, the head-line of page 10 : Ad 6-12 Ae shows that the Maxims referred to in the- Index as 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, occur on that page ; and also that the Maxims, beginning in their original form with Ad, and inclusive of Maxims Ae, are to be found there, as well. By this plan, a repetition of the Maxim for every transposition of a word (as e. g.. Nihil eon- PREFACE. Vll sensui tam contrarium est quam vis atque metus, which, found under N. in one work, might be found writ- ten ^x vi aut metu nihil consensus est under U. in an- other) is avoided; the subject-matter of the Maxim being .sought in the Index. In the comparatively few instances where the full scope and bearing of the Maxim is inexpressible in the version given in full-faced letter, an illustra- tion, taken from a standard authority, is appended. The compiler acknowledges the very valuable as- sistance of Mr. Henry Weber in preparing this col- lection. "No. 2 West Fobty-Thihd Street, New York, Jan. 15, 1878. MAXIMS. A. 1. From common usage there should not be any de- parture, and things which have an ascertained meaning are to be the least changed. A COMMUNI OBSERVANTIA NON EST RECEDEXDUM, ET MINIME MTI- TANDA SUNT qjJJE CERTAM INTERPRETATIONEM HABENT. Co. Litt. 365. 2. When a thing of which there are various degrees and qualities is indefinitely mentioned, the princi- pal and most worthy thing is intended to be ex- pressed. A DIGNIORI FIERI DEBET DENOMINATIO ET RESOLUTO. — Wing. 265. 3. An inference from the fact to the law is not admissible. Otherwise translated : A fact does not necessarily constitute a right. A FACTO AD JtTS NON DAT0R CONSEQUENTIA. — Br. 15. 4. The right ascends collaterally. A LATERE ASOENDIT JUS. — BraCt. 20<;. 5. If a thing is impossible, an argument in the nega- tive may be deduced that the thing has no ex- istence. The contrary is not true, and from the fact that a thing is possible, we can not argue that it exists. A KON POSSE AD NON ESSE SEQUITUE ARGUMENTUM NECESSARIO NEGATIVE, LICET KON AFPIKMATITE. — Hob. 336. (1) A 6-12 Ab 6. Things taken, or captured by pirates and robbers do not change their ownership. A PIEATIS AUT LATBONIBUS CAPTI LIBEEI PERMAKENT. — Deg. 49, 15. 7. We are to begin with the most worthy and principal parts. A PKIXCIPALIOBIBUS SEB DIGKIOKIBUS EST INOHOAXDUM. — Co. Lilt. 18. 8. An argument drawn from original writings in a register is good. A BESURIPTIS VALET ARGUMENTUM. — Co. Litt. 11a. 9. We proceed to the sense of the text of a statute by reference to the title. A KCBRO AD KIGEUM. — Whari. The titles of old laws were written or printed in red ink, tlie test iu black ink. 10. The highest remedy known to the law has no re- course to, and desires no assistance from an inferior action. A SUMM0S EEMEDIO, AD INFEKIOETIM ACTIONEM, NON HABETUR INGRESStJS, NEQUE AUXILIUM. — Fkta, I. 6, c. 1. The author of Fleta uses these words iu treating of a Bill or "Writof Eight, which is, as we have paraphrased the maxim, the highest remedy known to the law. '^After issue once joined iu a Writ of Right, the judgment is absolutely flual ; so that a recov- ery had in this action may be pleaded in bar of any other claim or demand."— Blackstone, 3 Com. 193. 11. The words of the law may not be departed from. A TEKBIS LEGIS NON EST EEOEDENDUM. — 5 Co. 118. 12. Learn to expect from others the same treatment which they experience from you. AB ALIO EXPECTES, ALTEEl QUOD rEOEEIS. — SayUr, 19. (2) Ab 3-19 Ac 13. From things to which we are accustomed, no legal wrong results. AB ASSUETIS KON FIT INJURIA. — Jenk. Cent. 15. 14. In abbreviations, that number (whether singular or plural), and that sense is to be taken, by which the grant is not rendered void. ABBRETIATlONtTM ILLE NUMERtTS ET SENSUS ACCIPIENDtJS EST, UT CONCESSIO KON SIT INANIS. — 9 Bep. 48. 15. The absence of one who is abroad in the service of the State, ought not to be detrimental, either to himself, or to another. BSENTIA EJUS QUI REIPUBLIC^ CAUSA ABEST, NEQDE EI, NEQUE ALII DAMNOSA ESSE DEBET. — D. 4, ]5-9. So an ambassador while abroad is supposed still to remain within tlie Jurisdiction of his own sovereign, and subject to the laws of his own country, while his children born abroad arc cit- izens of their parents' nationality.— Dana, Wueaton, Int. L. §224. 16. An absolute sentence (without saving clause) re- quires no expositor. ABSOLUTA SENTENTIA EXPOSiTOKE KON INDIGET. — 2 InSt. 533_ 17. It is absurd to affirm that confidence is to be placed in the record of a judgment or sentence of a court, and not in the judge. ABSURDCM EST AFFIUMARE (rE JUDICATA) CBEDENDUM ESSE, NON JUBICI. — 12 Co. 26. 18. Extreme care does no mischief ABUKDANS CAUTELA NON NOCET. — 11 Co. 1. I 19. That which is accessory does not lead, but follows its principal. ACCESSORtUM NON DUCIT, SED SEQUITUK SUUM PRINCIPALE. — Co. lAtt. 152a. (Broom, 491). (3) Ac 20-27 Ac 20. An accessory follows the nature of Ms principal. ACCESSORIUS SEQCITHB NATDKAM SUI PRINCIPIALIS. — 3 InSt. 139. 21. An accessory follows the nature of the thing to which it relates. iOCESSORIOM SEQTJITUR NATnRAM BEI CUI ACCIDIT. Enk. 2, 1, § 30. 22. There are no accessories in treason, trespass, or petit larceny. —Black. 4 Com. 35. 23. Accord and satisfaction is a good plea, in personal actions, when damages only are to be recovered ; but not in real actions. -A Go. 1. 24. To receive any thing as a consideration for doin,g justice, is not so much to receive as to extort. ACOIPERE QUID UT JUSTITIAM FACIAS, KON EST TAM ACCIPERE QUAM EXTOEQUERE.^io/'. 72. 25. ITo one is bound to accuse himself, except before God. ACCUSABE NEMO SE DEBET, KISI CORAM DEO. — Hard. 139. 26. An accuser ought not to be heard after the expi- ration of a certain time, unless he can account satisfactorily for not having brought his accusa- tion within that time. ACCUSATOR POST EATIONABILE TEMPTIS NON EST AUDIENDUS, NISI SE BENE DE OMISSIONE EXCUSATEEIT. — Moor. 817. 27. Acts indicate the intention. ACTA BXTEBIOBA INDICANT INTEBIOBA SECBETA. — 8 Rep. 291 (Broom, 291). (4) Ac 28—35 Ac 28. The pleading of a cause among our countrymen implies an obligation to act fairly, like good men, and without an intention to defraud any one. ACTIO CASTTS APUD NOSTRATES EA EST, QUA UT INTEK BONOS BENE AGERE OPPORTEAT, ET SINE FRAUDATIONE. — Lqft. 625. 29. An action against a person deceased is transmitted against his heirs. ACTIO CONTRA DEFUNCTUM COEPTA CONTINDATUS IN H^REDES. —5 Boh. 103. 30. An action is the right of prosecuting to judgment that which is due any one. ACTIO EST JUS PnOSEQOENM IK JUDICIO QUOD AIJCUI DEBETUR. —Bt. 12. 31. An action is competent against any one who hath destroyed, impaired, or carried away arms which have been deposited in any place. ACTIO DATUR SI QUIS ARMA, IN ALIQUO LOCO POSITA, DELETIT SEU ABRASIT. M D. 32. No action is given where no injury is sustained. ACTIO NON JJATUR NON DAMNIFIOATIO. — Jtnk. Cent. 69. 33. An action does not constitute one guilty, unless he has a bad intention. ACTIO NON FAOIT REUM, NISI MENS SIT REA. — 7 Loft. 37. 34. A personal right of action dies with the person. ACTIO PERSONALIS MORITUR CUM PERSONA. — Noy. Max. 14 (Broom. 904). 36. A penal action does not lie against an heir, unless he has received an advantage by the act or delict out of which the action arises. ACTIO PCBNALIS IN H^EREDBM NON DATUR, NISI EX DAMNO LocuPLETioR H^REs FACTOS SIT. — Vtn. Com. 756. (5) Ac 36—43 Ae 36. Every action proceeds in its own way. ACTIO QUiELIBET IT SUA VIA. — Tenli. Gent 77. 37. Forms of actions have been framed by wMch men dispute among themselves ; which forms are made definite and solemn, lest the people proceed as they think proper. ACTIONES COMPOSITA SDKT, QUIBUS INTER SE HOMINES DISCEP- TABENT, QUAS ACTIONES, NB POPHLUS PEOUT TELLET INSTIT- UEBIT, CEETAS SOLEMNESQUE ESSE TOLUERUNT. 38. Personal actions are those which are brought against him who, from a contract or tort, is obliged to give or allow something. ACTIONES IN PERSONAM QUiE ADVERSUS CUM INTENDHNTUR QDI EX CONTRACTU VEL DELICTO OBLIGATUS EST ALIQUID DABE TEL CONCEDEEE. 39. The proper form of actions is strictly to be observed. ACTIONUM GENERA MAXIME SUNT SEETANDA. — 10 Lofi. 460. 40. Some actions are against the thing, some against the person, and some mixed. ACTIONUM QU^DAM SUNT IN REM, QUjEDAM IN PEBSONAM, ET QU^DAM mixTjE. — Co. Litt. 284. 41. A plaintiff is not to be heard who has advanced any thing against authority. ACTOR QUI CONTEA EBGULAM QUID ADDUXIT, NON EST AUDIENS. 42. A plaintiff follows the court of the defendant AOTOE SEQUITUR FORUM RBI. — Holmes, L. D. 232. 43. When the accuser can not prove his charge, th? accused is acq.uitted. ACTOEE NON PEOBANTE ABSOLVITUB EEUS. — 5 Hob. 103. (6) Ac 44—52 Ac 44. The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff. ACTOR! INCUMBIT ONUS PROBANDI. — Hob. 103. 45. An act of the court shall prejudice no man. ACTUS CURI^ NEMINEM GBATABIT. — Jenk. Cent. 118 {Broom. 122). 46. An act of God or an act of the law operates an injury to no one. ACTUS DEI NEC NON LEGIS KEMINI EST DAMNOSUS, AUT FACIT INJURIAM. 5 Co. 87. 47. The act of God is so treated by the law as to affect no one injuriously. ACTUS DEI KEMINI FACIT INJURIAM. — Blaclc. 2 Com. 122 {2\U ed.); Broom 230. 48. An act already begun, the completion of which de- pends on the will of the parties, may be recalled ; but if it depends on the consent of a third person, or on a contingency, it can not be recalled. ACTUS INCEPTUS, CUJUS FERFEOTIO PENDET EX VOLUNTATE PAR- TIUM, RETOCARI POTEST; SI AUTEM PENDET EX TOLUNTATE TERTI^ PEESON^iE, TEL EX CONTINGENTl, REVOCARE NON POTEST. — Bal. Max. 49. A judicial act done in excess of authority is void ; not so a ministerial act. ACTUS JUDICARIUS CORAM NON JUDICE IRKITUS HABETURj DE MINISTEBIALI AUTEM A QUOCUNQDE PROYENIT RATIUM ESTO. —Lo/t. 102. 50. An act in law shall prejudice no man. ACTUS LEGIS NEMINI EST DAMNOSDS. — 2 Inst. 287 {Broom. 126). 51. An act of law works no one an injury. ACTUS LEGIS NEMIKI FACIT IXJDRIAM. — Lo/t. 102. 52. Legal actions do not admit a limitation. ACTUS LEGITIMI NON RECIPIUNT MODDM. — Hob. 153. (7) Ac 63—59 Ad 63. An act done by me against my will is not my act. ACTUS ME INTITIS PACTUS NON EST MEUS ACTUS. — Lofl. 105. 64. The act itself does not make a man guilty, unless Ms intention was so. ACTUS NON FACIT KEUM, NISI MENS SIT EEA. — 3 InSt. 107 {Broom. 306). 65. A repugnant act can not be produced as in re- sponsible existence. ACTUS REPUGNAKS NON POTEST IN ESSE PRODUCI. — Plowd. 355. 66. The act of a servant in those things in which he is commonly employed is considered the act of his master. ACTUS SBRTl IN IIS QUIBUS OPERA EJUS CUM MUNITUR ADHIBITA EST, ACTUS DOMINI HABETUR. — Lofl. 227. 57. The laws are adapted to those cases which most frequently occur, AD EA QU^ PREQUENTIUS ACCIDUNT JURA ADAPTANTUR.-^2 Inst. 137 {Broom. 43). 58. He is not compelled to make an election, who is not in a capacity to do it, immediately on the death of the testator. AD ELECTIONEM NON COGITUR QUI STATIM MORTUO TESTATOEE ELIGEKE NON POTUIT. — Loft. 641. ' 69. Belative words refer to the next antecedent, unless by such a construction the meaning of the sen- tence would be impaired. AD PROXIMUM ANTECEDENS FIAT EELATIO, NISI IMPEDIATUR SENTENTiA. — Noy. Max. 9th ed. p. 4 {Broom. 680). (8) Ad 60-66 Ad 60. It is the office of the judge to instruct the jury in points Of law ; of the jury to decide on matters of fact. AD QUESTIONEM FACTI NON RESPONDENT JCIDICESj AD QTT^S- TIONEM LEGIS NON RESPONDENT JURATORES. 8 Rep. 308 {Broom. 102). 61. An addition proves minority. ADDITIO PROBAT MINOKITATEM. 7 InSt. 80. 62. A court of admiralty has no jurisdiction over those things which are determined by common law. ADMIRALITAS JURISUICTIONEM NON HABET SUPER IIS QU.« COM- MnNI LEGE DIRIMUNTUR. — Loft. 479. 63. In order rightly to teach a thing, inc|.uire first into the names, for a knowledge of things depends upon their names. AD RECTE DOCENDUM OPORTET, PRIMUM INQOIRERE NOMINA, QUIA REBUM COGNITIO A NOMINIBUS RERUM DEPENDET. — Co. Liu. 68. 64. An adjournment is to appoint a day, or to give a day. ADJOCRNAMENTUM EST AD DIEM DICEBE, SEU DIEM DARE. 4 Inst. 27. 65. It is the duty of justices to administer justice to every one pleading before them. AD OFFICIDM JUSTICIAEIORUM SPECTAT, UNICUNQUE CORAM EIS jrSTlTIAM EXHIBERE. — 2 InSt, 451. 66. The relative is to be construed as following directly after the antecedent, unless the structure of the sentence forbids. AD PBOXIMtTM ANTEOEDENTEM FIAT RELATIO, NISI IMPEDIATUR SENTENTIA. — Taylor, 2. (9) Ad 67-76 Ae 67. Suspicion strongly rests on tlie unfortunate side. AD TRISTEM PARTEM STRENUA EST SXJaTlClO.—Taj/le); 4. 68. Natural reason allows one to defend himself against danger. ADTERSUS PERICULUM NATURALIS RATIO PERMITTIT SE DEFEND- ERE.- — Loft. 369. 69. Ho one is permitted to build on his own property to the injury of another. jEDIFICARE IN TUO PROPRIO SOLO NON LICET QUOD ALTERI NOCEAT. — 3 Inst. 201. 70. Equity relieves against accidents. ^QUITAS CASIBUS MEDETUB, — Loft. 499. 71. The ecLuity of the Court of Chancery, as if it were the daughter of conscience, is subject to the rules of court. iEQUITAS CURI^ CANCELLARI^, QtTASI FILIA CONSCIENTI^, OB- TEMPEEAT SECUNDUM REGULAS CURI^. Loft. 496. 72. He that seeks equity must do equity. — Francis, 1. 73. Equity supplies defects. ^QUITAS DEFECTUS SUPPLET. Loft. 500. 74. He that hath committed iniquity shall not have equity. , \ 'i ^Francis, 2. 75. Equity remedies errors. ^QUITAS ERRORIBUS MEDETUR. Loft. 498. (10) Ae 76—82 Ae 76. It is equity that he i;hould. make satisfaction who received the benefit. — Francis, 4. 77. Equality is equity, ^QDiTAS EST ^(jtJALiTAS. — Francis, 3. 78. Equity is a construction made by the judges, that cases out of the letter of a statute, yet being within the same mischief, shall be within the same remedy. .SQUITAS EST CONTBNIENTIA BEEtTM qUJE COERECTA CO^QUI- PARAT, ET Qtr^ IN PARIBUS KATIOXIBUS PAKIA JURA ET JUDICIA DESIDERAT. — Co. Lift. 24, 6. 79. It is equity that he should have satisfaction who sustained the loss. — Francis, 5. 80. Equity is a correction of law, when too general, in the part in which it is defective. iEQUITAS EST COBRECTIO LEGIS GENEEALITER LATiE, QUA PARTE DEFICIT. — Plowd. 375. 81. Equity is a certain correction applied to law, be- cause, on account of its general comprehensiveness, without an exception, something is absent from it. .SQUITAS EST CORREOTIO QU^DAM LEGI ADHIBITA, QUIA AB EA ABEST, ALIQUID PROPTER GENEBALEM, SINE EXCEPTIONE, COM- PREHENSiONEM. — Plowd. 467, cit. Aristoite, Me. Eth. B. 5. 82. Equity is the correction of the law generally enacted in the part where it is deficient. iEQUITAS EST COBRECTIO LEGIS GENEKALITEE LAT.iE, QUA PARTE DEFICIT. — Plowd. 375. (11) Ae 83—90 Ae 83. Equity suffers no right to be without its remedy. — Francis, 6. 84. Equity is a sort of perfect reason, which interprets and amends the written law ; comprehended in no code, but dependent on reason alone. iEQUITAS EST PEKFECTA QU^EDEM RATIO, fDIT. Plowd. 340. 93. Equity suffers not advantage to be taken of a pen- alty or a forfeiture where compensation can be made. — Francis, 12. 94. Where equity is equal, the law will prevail. — FraruAs, 14. 95. Equity in like cases requires like laws. ^QUITAS IS PARIBCS CAUSIS PARIA JURA DESIDEBAT. Plawd. 385. 96. Equity does not confound jurisdiction. ^QUITAS JURISDICTIONE NON CONFUNDIT. Plowd. 393. 97. Equity favors deliverance and seisin. ^QUITAS LIBERATIONI ET SEIZING TAVET. — Loft. 536. 98. Equity does not change the nature of a thing. ^QUITAS NATURAM REI NON MUTAT. — Loft. 536. 99. Equity assists nobody to the injury of another. ^QUITAS NEMINEM JUVAT CUM INJURIA ALTEBIDS. — Loft. 397. (X3) Ae 100-107 Ae 100. Ec[nity determines nothing, unless toward the parties. iEQUITAS NIL STATOTT, NISI IN PARTES. Ijoft. 383. 101. Eq.uity furnishes a remedy to matters which have heen appointed, under the name of a punishment, agreeable to what is just and good. .aiQUITAS NOMINE P(BNjE CONSTITDTIS EEMEDIUM EX JEfiXSO ET BONO PRiESTAT. — Loft. 495. 102. Eg.nity does not constitute law, but assists law. jEQDITAS NON PACIT JUS, SED JUKI AUXILIATUR. — Loft. 379. 103. Equity does not supply the deficiency of those things which are required by positive law. .ffi:QUITAS NON MEDETUR DEFEOTU EORUM QU^ JURE POSITIVO REQUISITA ALIUM. — Loft 369. 104. Equity will not suffer a double satisfaction to be taken. .aiQUITAS NON SINIT UT EANDEM REM DUPLICI TIA SIMUL QUIS PERSEQUATUR. — Francis, 11. 105. Equity doth not allow him who hath obtained a true right to prosecute it to the utmost extremity. .a;QUITAS NON SINIT EUM QUI JUS VEKUM TENUIT EXTREMCM JUS PERSEQUI. — Loft. 387. 106. Equity does not supply things which may be within the grasp of an applicant. ^QUITAS NON SUPPLET EA QU.^; IN MANU ORAKTIS ESSE POSSUNT. —Loft. 391. 107. Equity is not bound to assist, except the occasion renders it necessary. ' .SQUITAS NON TENETUR ADJUTARE, UBI NON EST NODUS DIGNUS TINDICE. — Loft. 392. (14) Ae 108-116 Ae 108. Equity is not vague and uncertain, but has deter- mined boundaries and limits. ^QUITAS NON VAGA ATQUE INCERTA EST, SED TERMINOS HABET ATQUE LIMITES PRiEFIKITAS. — Loft. 375. 109. Equity does not incline to introduce new and un- usual things. ^QUITAS KO!f TULT RES NOVAS ATQUE INUSITATAS IKDUCEEB. —Loft. 376. 110. Equity is never the handmaid of strife, where she can give a remedy. ^QUITAS KUNQUAM LITI lANCILLATUR UBI REMEDIXTM POTEST DARE. —Loft. 501. 111. Equity is part of the English law. ^QUITAS PARS LEGIS ANGLI^. Loft. 497. 112. Equity regards not the form and circumstance, but the substance of the act. ^QUITAS REM IPSAM INTUETUR DE FORMA ET CIRCtJMSTANTnS MINDS AKXIA. — Francis, 13. 113. Equity favors the redemption of a thing given in pawn. JEQUITAS' REI OPPIGNORATiE REDEMPTIONIBUS FATET. — Jjoft. 386. 114. Equity never counteracts the law. .SQUITAS NtTNQUAM CONTRAVENIT LEGIS. 115. Equity assists when there is room for the compen- sation of a loss. / ^QUITAS OPIT0LATUR UBI PENSATIONI DAMNI LOCUS EST. — Loft. 503. 116. Equity follows the law. ^QuiTAs sEQuiTUU LEGEM. — GUI. 136, Branch. Max. 8. (15) Ae 117—124 Ae 117. Equity abhors things superfluous. ^QTJITAS SUPERVACUA ODIT. -^io/if. 382. 118. Equity is favorable to wives, to cMldren, and, most of all, to creditors. .aiQUITAS UXOKIBTTS, LIBERIS, CEEDITOBIBUS MAXIME FATET. — Loft. 372. 119. Equity is the daughter of truth, and the sister of goodness and justice. .JEQUITAS TEEITATIS FILIA, B0OTIATI3 ET JUSTITI.a! SOBOR. Loft. 632. 120. Equity wishes that the house which may be injur- ious to another should be in the predicament equally favorable to that other as that wherein it takes from him. .SQUITAS TULT DOMDM QUOD ALTERI OBSIT EX CAUSA ^EQITE FATOEABILI ESSE AC ID QUOD AUFEET. — Loft. 502. 121. Equity wishes by all means to arrive at the truth. iEQDITAS TUr.T OMNIBUS MODIS AD TEEITATEM PEETENIEE. Loft. 380. 122. Equity wishes the spoiled, the deceived, and the ruined, above all things to haVe restitution. .aEQUITAS TULT SPOLIATOS, TEL DECEPIOS, TEL LAPSOS ANTE OMNIA RESTITUI. — Loft, 374. 123. That which is equal and good is the law of laws. iEQUITUM ET BONUM EST LEX LEGUM. — Soh. 224:. 124. Air, light, the running water, and wild beasts are the property of none, but are common to all, AER, LUX, AQUA PEOFLUENS, FER.ffi; NULL! PROPEIA, OMNIBUS COM- MUNIA. — Loft. 179. (16) Ae 125-132 Ag 125. A slight debt makes a debtor; a large one an enemy. JES DEBITOREM LETE ; GRA.YIOREM INIMIOUM TACIT. TayUr, 4. 126. The estimation of a committed crime is never in- creased by a subsequent fact. iESTIMATIO PR^TEKEI DELICTI EX POSTREMO FACTO NUNQUAM CRESCiT. — Bacon. 127. Your aflfection fixes a character upon your service. AFFECTIO TUA NOMEN IMPONIT OPEBI TUO. — Oo. LUt. 177. 128. The intention is punished, although the conse- quences do not follow. AFFEUTUS PCrXITUR, LICET NON SEQUATUR EFPECTUS. — 9 Co. 55. 129. It is called aflSnity vrhen two families, divided from one another, are united through mar- riage, and either approaches the confines of the other. AFFINITAS DICITTJR E0M DVM COGNATIONES, INTER SE DIVIS/E, PER NCfPTIAS COPULANTUR, ET ALTERA AD ALTERIUS PINES ACCEDiT. — Co. Liu. 157. 130. The proof lies upon him who affirms, not upon him who denies. AFFIRMATI, NON NEGANTI, INCUMBIT PROBATIO. 131. An affirmative implies a negative. AFFIBMATIVtlM NEGATIVUM IMPLICAT. 132. Acting and consenting parties are liable to the same punishment. AGENTESETCOKSENTIBNTESPARI P(BNA PLEOTENTUB. — 5 Co. 80. (17) Ag 133-139 Al 133. Commons are occupied by all in turn ; arable lands change with years. AGBI AB UNIVBRSIS PER TIDES OCCnPANTUE; AETA PEE ANN03 MUTANT. — Tayler, 5. 134. The dice and the brothel are infamous things. ALEA ET GANEA KES TUEPISSIME. — Lqfl. 207. 135. Although alienation be prohibited, yet, by consent of all in whose favor it is prohibited, it may take place ; for it is in the power of any man to re- nounce a law made in his own favor. ' ALIENATIO LICET PBOHIBEATOR, CONSENSU TAMEN OMMUM, IN QUORUM FAVOREM PKOHIBITA EST, POTEST FIERI, ET QUI LIBET POTEST REKCNCIAEE JURI PRO SE INTRODUCTO. — Co. Lilt. 98. 136. Alienation is favored by the law rather than ac- cumulation. ALIENATIO REl PB^FEEITUE JURI ACCRESOENDI. — Co. Litt. 185a. {Broom, 442.) 137. There should not be any obligation to the impos- sible. A l'impossible nul n'est tenu. — Whart. 138. Something is conceded, which otherwise would not be conceded, lest an injury should remain un- punished. ALIQUID CONCEDITUR, NE INJURIA REMANEAT IMPUNITA, QUOD ALIAS NGN CONCEDERETUE. — Co. Litt. 197. 139. A person ought not to be judge in his own cause, because he can not act as judge and party. ALIQUIS NON DEBET ESSE JUDEX IN PROPRIA CAUSA, QUIA KON POTEST ESSE JUDEX ET PARS. — Co. Lilt. 141. (18) Al 140-147 Al 140. It is one thing to conceal ; another thing to be si- lent. There is no concealment in withholding a matter, unless it be from those who ought to know it, or if it be done purposely, for one's own ad- vancement. ALIUD EST ALAEE, ALTUD TACERE. NEQUE ENIM ID EST CELAEE QUICQUID RETINEAS ; f ED COM QUOD TV SCIAS, ID IGNORABE EMOLUMENTI TUI CADSA VELIS EOS, QCORnM INTEREST ID SCIRE. — Tayler, 12. 141. It is one thing to possess ; it is another to be in possession. ALIUD EST POSSIDERB; ALIUD ESSE IN POSSESSIONE. — Hoh. 103. 142. It is one thing to sell; and another to agree to the selling. ALIUD E-ST VEXDERE; ALIUD TENDEXTI CONSENTIRE. — Ulp. 76-106. 143. He is not to be heard who alleges things contra- dictory to each other. ALLEGAKS CONTRARIA KOM EST AUDIENDUS. — Jenh. Cent. 16 {Broom, 169). 144. A person alleging his own infamy is not to be heard. ALLEGANS SHAM TURPITUDINEM NON EST AUDIENDDS. 4 jTlSi.'219. 145. That ought not to be alleged which, when tried, is irrelevant. ALLEGAKE NON DEBUIT QUOD PROBATCM KON EE7ELAT. — 1 Chan. e. 45. 146. The deceiving of one person does not afford an action to another. ALTERIUS CIRCUMTENTIO ALU NON PRJSBET ACTIONEM. — Ulp. 35. 147. An alternate petition is not to be heard. ALTBRNATITA PETITIO NON EST AUDIENDA. 5 Co. 40. (19) Am 148—155 Am 148. An ambiguous answer is so to be understood that the interest of the pleader may be safe. AMEIGUA AtJTEM INTEXTIO ITA ACCIPIENDA EST, UT RES SALVA AOTORI SIT. 4 Inst. 172. 149. An ambigruous answer is to be taken against him who offers it. AMEIGUA RESPONSIO CONTRA PROFERENTEM EST ACCIPIENDA. — 10 Co. 59. 150. An ambiguous plea ought to be interpreted against the party delivering it. AMBIGUTTiM PLACITUM INTERPRETARI DEBET CONTRA PROFEREN- TEM.— Co. Liu. 303, 6. 151. The latent ambiguity of words is removed by the establishment of the fact. AMBIGUITAS VERBORUM LATENS TERIFICATIONE FACTI TOLUTUR. —Loft. 248. 152. The evident ambiguity of words is excluded by no verification. AMBIGUITAS TERBORUM PATENS NULLA TERIFICATIONE EXCLUD- vs:m.—Loft. 249. 153. In doubtful cases the presumption is always in favor of the king. AMBIGUIS CASIBUS SEMPER PR.(ESUMIHrB PRO REGE. — L. 248. 154. Latent ambiguity may be supplied by evidence ; for an ambiguity which arises by proof of an extrin- sic fact may, in the same manner, be removed. AMBIGUITAS VERBORUM LATENS VEBIFIOATIONE SUPPLETUR; NAM QUOD EX FACTO ORITUR AMBIGUUM VEMFIUATIONE FACT! TOLLITUB. — Bacon, Max. Meg. 23. 155. An ambiguous agreement is to be interpreted against the seller. AMBIGUUM PACTUM CONTRA TENDITOBEM INTEEPRETANDU.M EST. —H. 11. (20) Am 156—164 An 156. An ambiguous order is to be interpreted against the person uttering it. AMBIGUUM PLAClTtJM INTERPEETARI DEBET CONTRA rROFBKENTEM. — Co. Litt. 303. 157. A friend's advice should be regarded. AMICI CONSILIA CREDENDA. — TayUr, 14. 158. The laws of England in every case of liberty are favorable. ANGLIC JURA IN OMNI CASH LIBERTATIS DANT FAVOREM. Fortesc. c. 42, H. 12. 159. The wife of the king is not exempted from the laws. AUGUSTA LEGIBUS SOLUTA NON EST. Whort. 160. Wild animals, if they be made tame, and are ac- customed to go out and return— fly away and fly back, as stags, swans, etc.— are considered to be- long to us so long as they have the intention of returning to us. ANIMAl-IA FEHA, SI FACTA SINT MANSUETA, ET EX CONSUETU- I)1NE EUNT ET BEDEUNT — VOLANT ET REVOI.ANT, UT CERVI, CTGNI, ETC. — EO USQUE NOSTRA SUNT ET ITA INTELLIGUNTUB QUAMMU HABUEBUNT ANIMDM RETERTENDI. — 7 Co. 16. 161. The countenance is the index of t^e mind. ANIMI NOTUM VULTDS DETEGET. — L. 19. 162. Intention attracts all law to itself. ANIMUS AD SE .JUS DUCIT. Whart. 163. The intent of a man is the soul of his writing. ANIMUS HOMINIS EST ANIMA SCRIPTI. — 3 Bulst. 67. 164. The mind is not to be cast down because of an unjust judgment. ANIMUS NON DEPONENDUS OB INIQUUM JUDICIUM. — TayUr, 14. (21) An 165-175 Ar 165. A judge can not divide an annuity or a debt. ANNUA ACT DEBITUM JUDEX NE SEPARAT IPSUM. — 8 Rep. 52. 166. A year begun is held as completed. ANNUS INCEPTUS PRO COMPLETO HABETUR. Tray. 45. 167. Impossibilities when they are spoken openly do not constitute calumny. APERTE IMPOSSIBILIA CUM DICUKTUR KON FACIUNT CALUMNIAM. —Loft. 422. 168. The utmost extremity of the law is injustice. APICES JURIS NON SUNT JURIS. — TayUr, 15. 169. Fine points of law are not law. APICES JURIS NON SUNT JURA. Cn. Lilt. 304. 170. Bees are in their nature ferae natura ; and if any other has inclosed them, he shall be their owner. APIUM QUOQUE FERA NATURA EST ; ADEOQUE SI ALIUS EAS IN- CLUSERIT, IS EARUM DOMiNus ERIT. — Taykr, 82. 171. Application is the life of a rule. APPLICATIO EST VITA REGUL^. — 2 Bul. 79. 172. A grant of the land conveys the water. AQUA CEDIT SOLO. — TayUr, 16. 173. Water runs, and therefore should be allowed to run. AQUA CURRIT, ET DEBET CURRERB. 174. An award is the equal delivery to each one of his own. ABBITRAMBNTUM JEQUUM TRIBUIT CUIQUE SUUM. — Noy. m. 248. 175. The price of a thing ought to be fixed by its owner. ABBITRIO DOMINI BES ^STIMABI DEBET. 4 Inst. 275. (22) Ar 176-184 Ar 176. An award is a judgment, ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM. — Jenli. Cent. 37. 177. An award is the judgment of a good man according to justice. ARBITRIUM EST JUDICIUM BONI VlRt, SECUKDDM jEQUUM ET BONUM. —Bul. 64. 178. A tree is a tree only while it grows ; when cut it becomes wood. ARBOR DDM CRESCIT, LIGNUM CUM CBESCERE NESCIT. — 2 Bulst. 82. 179. Arguments bring things hidden and obscure to the light of reason, and render them clear. ARGUMENTA IGXOTA ET OBSCURA AD LUCEM RATIONIS PRO- PERUXT ET BEDDUNT SPLENDIDA. — Co. LiU. 395. 180. An argument drawn from common acceptation or understanding of the significance of a thing is common in the law. ARGUMEKTUM A COMMUNITEB ACCIDENTIBUS IN JURE FREQUENS EST. — Broom, 44 n. 181. An argument from division is most powerful in law. ABGUMENTUM IN DITISIONE EST FORTISSIMUM IN JURE. — 6 Cb. 60. 182. An argument &om the greater to the less is of no force negatively; affirmatively it is. ARGUMENTUM A MAJOBI AD MINUS NEGATIVE KON VALET ; VALET E coxvERSO. — Jenk. Cent. 281. 183. An argument from a like case avails in law. ABGUMENTUM A SIMII.I VALET IN LEGE. — Co. Lilt. ]91. 184. An argument drawn from authority is very strong in law. ARGUMENTUM AB AUOTOBITATE EST FORTISSIMUM IN LEGE. — Co. Litt. 257. (23) Ar 185-192 Au 185. An argument derived from an impossibility greatly avails in law. ARGUMENTHM AB IMPOSSIBILI PLURIMUM VALET IN LEGE. Co. Lilt. 92. 186. An argument drawn from inconvenience is forcible in law. AKG0MENTDM AB INCONVENIENTI PLURIMUM VALET IN LEGE. Co. Liu. 66 a. {Broom, 184). 187. An argument from that wMcb is inconvenient is good in law : because the law will not permit any inconvenience. AKGUMENTUM AB INCONVENIENTI EST VALIDUM IN LEGE : QUIA LEX NON PEEMITTET ALIQUOD IKCONVENIENS. — Co. Lilt 258. 188. The laws allow to take arms against the armed. ARMA IN ARMATOS SUMERE JURA SINUNT. — 2 Inst. 574. 189. Under the name of arms, clubs and stones, no less than shields and swords and helmets, are included. ARMOEUM APPELLATIONE, NON SOLUM SCUTA BT GLADH ET GALE2E, SED ET EUSTIS ET LAPIDES, CONTINBNTUR. — Co. lAU. 162. 190. That becomes an art which is taught us in our infancy. AES FIT QUOD A TENEEIS PRIMUM C0NJUN6ITUR ANNIS. — 3 Inst. Epil. 191. An assignee is clothed with the rights of his prin- cipal. AssiGNATus UTiTUR JURE AUOTORis. — Hallt. Max. p. 14 (Broom 465). 192. The authorities of philosophers, physicians and poets, are to be regarded, and govern, in law. AUCTORITATES PHILOSOPHORUM, MEDICORUM ET POETARUM, SUNT IN OAUSIS ALLEGAND^ ET TENEND.a;. — Oo. lAU. 264. (24) Au 193—200 Be 193. The opinions of philosophers, physicians, and po- ets are to be alleged and received in evidence in legal causes. AUCTOKITAS PHILOSOPHORUM, MEDICORUM ET POETAKUM S0KT IN CAUSIS ALLEGAND^ ET TENENDiE. — Co. lAtt. 264. 194. Catching at words is unworthy of a, judge. AUCCPIA TEUBORUM SUNT JUDICE INDIGNA. — Hob. 341. 195. The laws will not assist in daring purposes. Ausis TALiBUs isTis NON JURA stiBSERVinNT. — Tayler, 20. B 196. He is guilty of barratry who barters justice for money. BARATRIAM COMMITTIT QUI PROPTER PECUNIAM JUSTITIAM BA- EACTAT. — 4 Ersk. 4—4-30. 197. A bastard can have no heir except one lawfully begotten of his own body. BASTARDUS KON POTEST HABERE H^REDEM NISI DE CORPOKE SnO LEGITIME PBOCREATUM. — Tray. 51. 198. That man is blessed who keeps the laws and ordi- P nances. '^ BEATCS QUI LEGES JUBAQCE SERTAT. — Tayler, 30. 199. Things obtained in war belong to the State BELLO PARTA CEDONT BEipnBLic^E. — Tayler, 31-2; i?. & M. 56. 200. Blessed is the exposition when any thing is saved from destruction. BENEDICTA EST EXPOSITIO QUANDO KES REDIMITUR A DESTRUC- TIONE. — 4 Rep. 20. (20) Be 201-208 Bi 201. A beniiice is not granted save in consideration of a service. BENEFICIUM NON DATUR NISI OFFICII CAUSA. — Zioft. 489. 202. A remuneration is not given unless on account of a duty performed. BEXEFICIUM NON DATUM NISI PROPTER OFFICJUM. — Hoh. 148. 203. The benefit of a prince ought to be lasting. BEXEFtClUM PR1^•CIPIS HEBET ESSE MANSrHUM. — Jink. Cent. 168. 204. A liberal construction should be put upon written instruments, on account of the simplicity of the laity, so as to uphold them, if possible, and carry into effect the intention of the parties. BENIGNiE FACIENU^ SUNT INTEKPRETATIOXES, PROPTER SIMPLIC- ITATEM LAICORUM, UT EES MA6IS VALEAT QUAM PEBEAT, ET TERBA INTENTIONI, NON E CONTRA DEBENT INSERVIRE. Co. Litt. 3Ca. {Broom, 540). 205. Interpretations are to be made favorably to the simplicity of the laity, that the affair may rather prosper than perish. BENIGNE FACIENDB SUNT INTERPRETATIONBS PROPTER SIMPLICI- TATEM LAICORUM, UT RES MAGIS TALEAT QUAM PEREAT. — Co. Litt. 36. 206. The more favorable opinion in general or doubtful words is to be preferred. BENIGNIOR SENTENTIA IN VERBIS GENERALIBUS SEU DUBIIS EST PREFERENDA. — 4 Rep. 15. 207. The laws are to be so favorably interpreted that their intention may be preserved. BENIGNIUS LEGES INTEBPRETANDiE SUNT, QUE VOLUNTAS EARUM CONSEBVETUR. — Domat. I. 18. 208. He gives twice who gives quickly. BIS DAT QUI CITO DAT. — Whart. I. 21. (26) Bi 209-215 Bo 209. Good faith does not suffer the same thing to be exacted twice, and in giving damages it is not allowed to give more than is given at once. BIS IDEM EXIGl BONA FIDES NON PATITUR ; ET IN SATISFAC- TIOXIBUS, KON PERMITTITUR AMPLIUS FIERI QUAM SEMEL FACTUM EST. 9 Rep. 53. 210. A possessor in good faith makes the goods gath- ered and consumed his own. BONA FIDE POSSESSOR FACIT FRUCTUS PERCEPTOS ET CON- S0MPTOS suos. — Tray. 57. 211. A possessor in good faith is only liable for that which he himself has obtained. BONA FIDE POSSESSOR, IN ID TANTUM QnOD AD SB PERVENERIT TEXETUR. — Tray. 57. 212. Good faith demands that what is agreed upon shall be done. BONA FIDES EXEGIT UT QUOD CONVENIT FIAT. — Big. 19, 2, 21. 213. Good faith will not suffer the same thing to be exacted twice. BONA FIDES NON PATITUK, UT -BIS IDEM EXIGATUR. — BrOOm, 338 n. 214. A bona fide possessor is bound only for that which has come into his possession. BON^ FIDEI POSSESSOR IX ID TANTUM QUOD AD SE PERVENERIT TENETUR.— 2 Inst. 285. 215. It behooves an honest vendor neither to increase his expectation of profits, nor to conceal a disad- vantageous condition of his goods. BON^ FIDEI TENDITOREM, NEC COMMODORUM SPEM AUGERE, Nr.C INCOMMODOBUJI CONDITIONEM OBSCURARE OPORTET. — Taylor 32. (27) Bo 216-223 Bo 216. It is the duty of a good judge, when requisite, to amplify the limits of his jurisdiction. Boxi juDiois EST AMPLiAEB juEisDiOTioNEM. — Chan. Prec. 329 {^Broom, 79). 217. It is the part of a good judge to put an end to the course of litigation. BONI J0DICIS EST CAtJS AS ■ LITIUM DIEIMEKE. — 2 InSt. 304. 218. It is the part of a good judge to give a mandate for execution without delay. BONI jnDICIS EST JUDICIUM SINE DELATIONE MANDAEE EXECU- TioNi.— Co. Liu. 289. 219. It is the duty of a good judge to prevent litiga- tion, that law suit may not arise from law suit ; and it is to the public interest that there should be periods to legal strifes. BONI JUDIOIS EST MTES DIRIMEEE, NE LIS EX LITE OEITUE ET INTEEEST EEIPUBLIC^ UT SIT FINIS LITIUM. 4 Rep. 15. 220. The goodness of the whole may be estimated when the condition of a part is proved. BONITAS TOTA jESTlMATUR CUM PAES EVIXOITUE. — TavUr, 33. 221. The good of a defendant arises from a perfect case ; his harm from any defect whatever. BONUM DEFENDENTIS EX INTEGKA CAUSA, MALUM EX QUILI- BET DEPECTU. — 11 Oo. 68. 222. A necessary good beyond the limits of necessity is no good. BONUM NECESSARIUM EXTRA TEEMINOS NECESSITATIS NON EST BONUM. — Hob. 144. 223. A good judge decides according to what is just and good ; and prefers equity to the very strictness of the law. BONUS JUDEX SECUNDUM jEQUUM ET BONUM JUDICAT, ET iEQUI- TATEM STEICTO, JURI PE^FERT. — SrOOm, 80. (28) Br 224-231 Ca 224. Writs, as well original as judicial, bear English names. BBliVIA, TAM OKIGINALIA QUAM JDDICIALA, PATIUNTCTR ANGLICA KOMINA.— 10 Co. 132. 225. A writ is so called because it briefly states, in few words, the matter in dispute and the object of the party seeking relief. BKBVE ITA DICITUR, QUIA REM DE QUA AGITOR, ET IXTEN- TIONEM PETENTIS, PAUCIS VERBIS BKEVITER ENARRAT. — 2 Inst. 39. 228. A judicial writ ought to follow its original, and an accessory its principal. BKEVE jnDIOlALE DEBET SEQUI SUUM ORIGINALE, ET ACCESSO- RIUM SUUM PRINCIPALB. — Jcnk. Cent. 292. 227. A judicial writ fails not through defect of form, BREVE JUDICIALE NON CADIT PRO DEFEOTU P0EM2E. — Jcnk. Cent. 43. o 228. A prison ought to be given for the custody and not for the punishment of persons. CARCER AD HOMINES CUSTOBIENDOS, NON AD PUNIENDOS DARI DEBET. — Co. Lilt. 260. 229. He is the safest who, when safe, is on his guard. CARET PERIOULO, QUI ETIAM TUTUS, CAVIT. — Taylor, 38. 230. A fortuitous case is not to be calculated upon, and nobody is bound to conjecture what may happen. CASUS PORTOITUS NON EST SPERANDUS, ET NEMO TENETUR DIVINABE. — Loft. 119. 231. A case omitted and consigned to oblivion is left to the disposal of the common law. CASUS OMISSUS ET OBUVIONI DATUS DISPOSITIONI COMMUNIS JURIS RELINQUITUE. — Broom, 46. (29) Ca 232-241 Ca 232. A case omitted in the writing is to be considered as omitted. CASUS OMISSUS PRO OMISSO HABENDUS EST. — H. 18. 233. Chattels justly possessed can not be lost CATALLA JUSIE POSSESSA AMITTI KON POSSUNT. — Jenh. Cent. 28. 234. Chattels are considered in law among the least of all things. CATALLA REPUTAKTUR INTER MINIMA IN LEGE. — Jenk. Cent. 52. 235. A public cause does not admit of a substitute. CAUSA PUBLIOA VICARIUM NON RECIPIT.- — Loft. 326. 236. A vague and uncertain cause is not a reasonable cause. CAUSA VAGA ET INCEETA NON EST CAUSA KATIONABILIS. — 5 Bep. 57. 237. TheTe is more security in a thing than in a person. CAUTIONIS IN RE PLUS EST QUAM IN PERSONA. — Loft. 328. 238. Let a purchaser beware who ought not to be ig- norant that he is purchasing the rights of another. CAVEAT EMPTOR QUI IGNORARE NON DEBUIT QUOD JUS ALIENUM EmT.— Hob. 99 (Broom, 768). 239. Let the seller beware. CAVEAT VENDITOR. — L. 328. 240. Let the traveler beware. CAVEAT VIATOR. — Broom, 387 n. 241. Beware of small pieces. CAVENDUM EST A FRAGMENTIS. — BaC. Aph. 26. (30) Ca 242—260 Ce 242. Care is to be taken lest adjudicated cases be re- versed on review, where the laws have respect to justice. CATENDUM TAMEN EST NE CONTEI.LANTUE RES JODICAT.E, UBI LEGES CUM JUSTITIA RETROSPICIERI POSSINT. — Taylor, 3'J. 243. The design and narration ought to be certain, and the foundation certain, and the manner certain, which is brought into court to be tried, CERTA DEBET ESSE INTEKTIO ET NAERATIO, ET CERTUM FUND- AMENTUM, ET CERTA RES QU^E DEDUCITHR IN JUDICIUM. — Co. Liu. 303a. 244. It is often necessary to bring a matter which is certain into court for trial. CERTA RES OPORTET IN JUDICIUM DEDUCANTUR. — Lnfl. 35. 245. That is sufficiently certain which can be made certain. CERTUM EST QUI CERIUM REDDI POTEST. — Noi/. Max. 9ih ed. 2G5 {Broom, 623). 246. Cease to reign, if you wish not to adjudicate. CESSA REGNARE, SI XON VIS JUDICAEE. Hob. 155. 247. The cause ceasing, the effect ceases. CESSANTE CAUSO, CESSANTE EFFECTUS. — Wing, 29. 248. The primitive ceasing, the derivative ceases. CESSANTE PRIMITIVO, OESSAT EFFECTUf . — Wharl. 249. Reason is the soul of the law ; and when the reason of any particular law ceases, so does the law itself. CESSANTE BATIONE LEWS, CESSAT IPSA LEX. — Co. Lilt. 70b. {Broom, 159.) 250. The original state ceasing, the derivative ceases. CfSSANTE STATU PKIMITIVO, CESS.VT DERIVATITUS. — 8 liq). 34. (31) Ce 251-259 Ci 251. It is the offense whicli produces shame, not the scaffold. c'est le crime qui fait le honte, et non pas l'eohapaud. — Whart. 252. A chace is by common law. CHACEA EST AD COMMUNEM LEGEM, — Hcff. Br. 806. 253. The writing of a woman who is under the power of her husband is of no weight in law. CHAUTA E.IUS QU^ SUB POTESTATE VIBI SIT IN LEGE NULLA. — Loft. 220. 254. A deed is the representation of the mind. CHARTA EST LEGATUS MENTIS. — Go. Litt. 36. 255. A deed concerning a thing not in existence avails not. CHARTA DE NON ENTE NON VAI.ET. — Go. Litt. 36. 256. A deed is nothing else than the vestment of a gift. CHARTA NON EST NISI VESTIMBNTUM DONATIONIS. — Co. Litt. 36. 257. The witnesses being dead, the truth of deeds must of necessity be referred to the jury. CHARTARUM SUPER FIDEM, MORTUIS TESTIBUS, AD PATBTAM DE KECESSiTUDINE KECURBENDUM EST. — Go. Lift. 36. 258. A bill found in liie possession of the debtor is pre- sumed to be paid. CHIROGBAPHUM APUD DEBITOBEM PR^SUMITUR SOLUTUM. — H. 20. 259. Circuity is to be avoided ; and it is the duty of a good judge to determine litigations, lest one law suit arise out of another. CIRCUITtrs EST EVADITUS j ET BONI JUDICIS EST LITDS DEEIMEBE, NE LIS EX LITE ORITUR. — 5 Hep. 31. • (32) Ci 260-267 01 260. That state only is free which depends upon its own strength, and not upon the arbitrary will of another. CIVITAS EA AUTEM IN LIBERTATE EST POSITA QUI SCIS STAT TIKIBUS, NON EX ALIENO ARBITRIO PENDET. — Tayler, 46. 261. A general clause of reservation does not compre- hend those things which may not be of the same kind with those which have been expressed. CLAUSULA GENERALIS DE RESIDIO NON EA COMPLECITUR QU^ NON EJUSDEM SINT GENERIS CUM IN QUM SPECIATIM DICTA FUERAT. — L. 419. 262. A general clause does not refer to things espressed. CLAUSULA GENERALIS NON REFEKTUR AD EXPRESSA. — 8 Go. 154. 263. At home let the military yield to the civil power. CEDANT AEMA TOG^. 264. A declaration against rescission is inoperative from the first. CLAUSULA QUJE ABROGANTIONEM EXCLUDIT AB INITIO NON VALET. — Bac. Max. Beg. 19. 265. An invalid clause or disposition is not rendered valid by a remote presumption or a cause arising after the event. CLAUSULA TEL DISPOSITIO INUTILIS PER PRyESUMPTIONEM RE- MOTAM VEL CAUSAM EX POST FACTO NON FULOIIUR. — BoC. Maa>. Beg. 21. 266. Unusual clauses always excite suspicion. CLAUSULyE INCONSUETJE SEMPER INDUCUNT SUSPICIONEM. — 3 Bep. 81. 267. The clergy can not be placed in a secular office. CLERICI NON PONANTUR IN OFFICIO SECULARI. — Loft. 508. (38) ./k> CI 268-275 Co 268. Clergymen or monks should not mix themselves in personal matters. CLEMCI VEL MONACHI NE SECULXEIBXJS NEGOTIIS SE IMMISCEANT. — Ferrier's Rom. Hist. 117. 269. Clergymen, husbandmen, and merchants, in order that they may preach, cultivate, and trade, enjoy peace in time of war. CLEEICirS, ET AGRICOLA, ET MEROATOR, TEMPORE BELLI, TJT ORET, COLAT, ET COMMUTET, PACE FRUUNTDH.— 2 Inst 58. 270. A clergyman should not be appointed to two churches. CLERICUS KON CONNUMERETUE IN DUABUS ECCLESIIS. — 1 Rol. H. 271. Clergymen should not be placed in offices. CLEEICI KON POKANTUB IN OFFICIIS. — Co. Lilt. 96.' 272. No man deserves punishment for a thought. COGITATJONIS PtBNAM NEMO MERETUK. — 2 InSt. JuraV. 658. Except treason. By common l;iw, " to compass or imagine tlie death of our lord, the king," was treason. 273. The cognomen is derived from the blood of ances- tors, and is intrinsic ; an agnomen arises from an event, and is extrinsic. COGNOMEN MAJOliUM EST EX SANGUINE TRACTUM, HOC INTEINS- ECUM EST ; AGNOMEN EXTRINSECUM, AB EVEKTU. — 6 Co. 65. 274. Co-heirs are deemed as one person, on account of the unity of right which they possess. CO-HvEREDES UNA PERSONA CONSEKTUB, PROPTER UNITATEM JURIS QUOD HABENT. — Go. Litt. 163. 275. A college or incorporated body can only exist by authority of the sovereign. COLLEGIUM SEU CORPUS CORPOBATUM NISI REGNIS CONSTITU- TIONIBUS NGN POTEST EXISTERB. — Loft. 297. (34) Co 276-283 Co 276. Commerce, by the law of nations, ought to be com- mon, and not perverted to monopoly and the private gain of a few, COMMKRCIUM JURE GKKTIUM COMMUNE ESSE DEBET, ET NON IN MOXOPOLIUM ET PRIVATUM PAUCORUM QU^STUM CONVERTEN- DUM.^ — 3 Inst. 277. No person ought to have advantage from his own wrong. COMMODUM EX INJURIA SUA NEMO HABERE DEBET. — Jenh. Cent. 161. 278. The performance of one duty is commonly the ex- cuse for the non-performance of another. COMMUNITER DNUM OFFICICM EST EXCUSATIO ALTEBICS. — H. 21. 279. Common error sometimes passes current as law. COMMUNIS ERROR FACIT JDS. — 4 Inst 240 (Broom, 139). 280. Time saved in consulting abridgments is often time lost ; it is better to drink at the fountain head than to sip at the rivulets. COMPENDIA SUNT DISPENDA ; ET MELIUS EST PETERE FONTES QUAM SECTARI RIVULOS. — Co. Lilt. 305, 6. 281. What an attempt is is not defined in law. CONATUS QUI SIT KON DEFINITUR IN LEGE. — 2 Bals. 277. 282. A grant by the king ought to be made from certainty. COKCESSIO PER REGEM FIERI DEBET DE CERTITUDINE. — 9 Co. 46. 283. A grant ought to have a liberal interpretation against the grantor. CONCESSIO VERSUS COKCEDENTEM _LATAM INTERPRETATIONEM HABERE DEBEAT. — Jenk. Cent. 279. (35) Co 284-289 Co 284. To make laws agree with each other is the best way to interpret them. CONCOKDARB LEGES LEGIBUS EST OPTIMUS INTERPEETANDI MODUS. — H. 70. 285. Small means increase by concord, and litigation by opulence. CONCOKDIA PAET.a; RES CRESCUHT, ET OPULENHA LITES. 4 Inst. 74. 286. The appointment of an action for a certain day is said to take place when any thing in an uncertain case happens, which may have a tendency to be or not to be. CONDICTIO DICITUR CUM QUID IN CASUM INOERTUM, QUI POTEST TENDERE AD ESSE AUT NGN ESSE CONPERTtTR. — Co. Lilt. 221. 287. The appointment of an action preceding ought to take place before any effect can follow. CONDICTIO PR^XEDENS AD IMPLERI DEBET PBIUS QtJAM SEQUATUR EEPECTirs. — Go. Lilt. 202. 288. The appointment of an action on a certain day relating to stolen goods, since it implies the pro- duction of the goods, binds the heir of the thief also. CONDICTIO REI FURTIT^, QUIA RBI HABET PERSECUTIONEM, H^REDEM Q0OQUE FURIS 0BLI6AT. — H. 22. 289. An argument for taking away a free tenure ought not to be pleaded, except from the deed. CONDITIO AD LIBERUM TENEMENTUM AUPERENDUM NON NISI EX FACTO PLACITARI DEBET. — Lqft. 311. (36) Co 290-296 Co 290. A beneficial condition which creates an estate ought to be construed favorably, according to the intention of the words; but a condition which destroys an estate is odious, and ought to be con- strued strictly according to the letter of the words. CONDITIO BBNEFICIAUS Q0J3 STATUM CONSTEUIT BUNIGNE SE- CUNDUM VERBOUUM INTENTIONEM EST INTEBPRETANDA; ODIOSA AUTEM QOE STATUM DESTRUIT STRICTE SECnNDUM VER- BORUM PROPRIETANDEM AOCIPIENDA. — 8 Co. 90. 291. It is called a condition when something is given on an uncertain event which may or may not come to pass. CONDITIO DICITUR CUM QUID IN CASUM INCERTUM QUI POTEST TENDERE AD ESSE AUT KOX ESSE COXFERTUB. — Co. Lilt. 201. 292. An agreement extinguished in part is wholly ex- tinguished. CONDITIO EX PARTE EXTINCTA EX TOTO EXTIXOUITUB. — Loft. 510. 293. An illegal condition is held as not added. CONDITIO ILLICITA HABETDR PRO NON ADJECTA. — Tray, 85. 294. An agreement making void a free tenement will have no weight by bare words without writing. CONDITIO LIBERUM TEKEMENTUM CASSANS NON PER NUDA VERBA SINE CHARTA TALEBIT. — Loft. 510. 295. Incidents can not be severed. — Noy. Max. 13. 296. An agreement shall avail no one unless he shall have been a party or privy to it. CONDITIO NEMINEM JOT ABIT NISI QUI PARS FUEBIT AUT PBIVUS. —Loft. 630. (37) Co 297-303 Co 297. A condition precedent must be fulfilled before the effect can follow. CONDITIO PRjEOEDEKS ADIMPLEBI DEBET PEIUS QDAM SEQUATUR EFPECXna. 298. The condition of witnesses when they sign, and not when they die, is to be considered. CONDITIONEM TESTICM TDNC INSPIOERE DEBEMUS CUM SIGNAEEM, KON MORTIS TEMPORE. — Tayhr, 50. 299. Preceding agreements must be rigorously exacted according to the rules of law ; but it is otherwise concerning subsequent agreements, where equity is allowed to make up for the loss incurred by the failure. CONDITIONES PR^CEDENTAS AD NOHMAM LEGIS SEVERE EXI- GEND^E; AUTEB DE SUBSEQUENTIBITS UBI ^EQUITATI LICET DAMNUM REl INFECTS PBNSARE. — Lofi. 632. 300. An accused person is to be tried for a crime in the place where he committed the crime. —Br. 122. 301. Some agreements are odious, but chiefly those against matrimony and commerce. CONDITIONES QUiELIBET 0DI0SJ5, MAXIME AUTEM CONTRA MAT- RIMONIUM ET COMMERCICM. — L. 644. 302. A confession made in a trial is stronger than all proof. CONFESSIO PACTA IN JUDICIA OMNI PEOBATIONE MAJOR EST. — Jenk. Cent. 102. 303. A person who confesses on trial is considered as judged, and in some measure is condemned on his own admission. CONPESSUS IN JUDIOIO PRO JUDIOATO HABETUE, ET QUONDAM- MODO SUA SBNTENTIA DAMNAT0R.— ^. Co. 30. (38) Co 304-311 Co 304. To conflrm is to make firm that wMch was before infirm. OONPIRMARE EST ID FIEMUM PAOERB QUOD PEIUS IXPIRMUM FtiiT.— Co. Liu. 295. 305. No person can confirm before that the right shall fall to him. CONPIRMARE NEMO POTEST PKIUSQUAM JUS EI ACCIDBRIT. — 10 Mep. 48. 306. He confirms a use who removes an abuse. CONFIRMAT USOM QUI TOLLIT ABnSUM. — MoOr. 764. 307. There is no confirmation where the preceding gift is invalid. COXPIRMATIO EST NULLA UBI DONUM PR^CEDENS EST INVALIDUM. — Moor. 764. 308. The confirmation of a possession defective in law is a ratification by means of those whose right it is. CONPIEMATIO EST P0SSE3SIONIS JURE DEFECTIVE PER EOS QUORUM JUS EST RATHABITIO. — Lo/l. 234. 309. Confirmation supplies all defects, though that which has been done was not valid at the be- ginning. CONFIEMATIO OMXES SUPPLET DEFECTAS, LICET ID QUOD ACTUM EST AB INITIO KON VALUIT.- — Co. Lilt. 295c. 310. The union of male and female is according to the law of nature. CONJUNCTIO MARIS ET FCBMIN^ EST DE JURE NATURE. — Loft. 513. 311. Consanguinity is, as it were, sprung from the same blood. CONSANGUINEUS EST, QUASI EADEM SANGUINE NATUS. — Co^ Lid. 157. (89) Co 312-320 Co 312. Conscience is called from con and solo, to know, as it were, with God. CONSCIENTtA DICITUB A CON' ET SCIO, QUASI SCIRE OnM DEO. — 1 Bep. 100. 313. Legal conscience is founded upon the law. CONSCIENTIA LEGALIS E LEGE PUNDATUB. Loft. 513. 314. Conscience never contravenes the law. CONSCIENTIA LEGl KUNQUAM CONTRATENIT. Loft. 485. 315. Consecration is the termination of election; elec- tion is the preamble of consecration. CONSECKATIO EST PERIODUS ELECTIONIS j ELECTIO EST PR^E- AMBULA CONSECRATIONIS. — 2 BoL B. 102. 316. Consent is the conjoint will of many persons to whom the thing belongs. CONSENSUS EST VOLUNTAS MULTIORUM, AD (JUOS RES PEBTINET, SIMUL JUNCTA. — Dav. 43. 317. Consent makes law. CONSENSUS PACIT JUS. — Loft. 514. 318. It is the consent of the parties, not their concu- binage, which constitutes a valid marriage. CONSENSUS, NON CONCUBITUS, PAOIT MATRIMONltJM. Co. Litt. 33a. {Broom, 505). 319. The acq.uiescence of a party who might take ad- vantage of an error obviates its effect. CONSENSUS TOLLIT EBROBBM. — Co. Litt. 126; 2 Inst. 123 {Broom, 135). 320. Those consenting and those perpetrating are em- braced in the same punishment. CONSENTIENTES ET AGENTES PARI PCENA PLECTUNTUB. 5 Oo. 80. (40) Co 321—330 Co • 321. To consent to a thing is to do a thing. CONSENTIBE EST FACEBE. WhaH. 322. Consent to a marriage is not possible in the par- ties before marriageable years. CONSENTIUE MATBIMONIO NON POSSUNT INPEA ANNOS NUBILES. —5 Bep. 80. 323. The consequence of a conseqnence does not exist. CONSEQUENTISB KON EST CONSEQtTENTIA. — Bac. 324. There is no obligation not to give fraudulent counsel ; but if fraud and cunning intervene, an action is competent concerning the craft. CONSILII NON FKAUDULENTI NULLA OBLIGATIO EST ; C^TERUM SI DOLUS ET CALLIDITDS IKTERCESSIT, DE DOLO ACTIO COM- PETIT. — L. 47. 325. The conscience of the law depends upon the law. CONSOIENTIA LEGIS EX LEGE PENDET. — Loft. 485. 326. The later provisions in a statute must prevail, if they seem to be inconsistent with the earlier. CONSTITUTIOKES TEMPOEE POSTERIOBES SUNT HIS QU^ IPSAS PB^CESSERUNT. — Broom, 28 (n). 327. A construction of law does not work an injury. CONSTRUCTIO LEGIS NON FACIT IN.IURIAM. — Co. Litt. 183. 328. Construction is referred to the cause. CONSTRUCTIO AD CAUSAM REFEBTUE. — Lqft. 517. 329. Construction is referred to the principles of a thing. CONSTBUCTIO AD PRINCIIPIA REFERTUR 'B.El.— Loft. 516. 330. The construction should be according to eq.uity. CONSTRUCTIO EST SECUNDUM iEQUlTATEM. — Lqft. 519. (41) Co 331^337 Co 331. The custom or the authority arising from like cases being: constantly decided in the same manner, should obtain the force of law. CONSUETUDINEM AtJT RBEUM PEBPETITO SIMILITEB JUDIOATARUM Al'CTOEITATEM TIM LEGIS OBTINEBE.-^Zf. 57. 332. The custom of a place is the law of that place; different in species to common law, but not con- trary in kind. CONSUETUDO ALICtTJUS LOCI LEX EST LEGIS LOCI; LEGI COM- MUNI SPECIE DITEBSA, SED KON IN GENESE CONTBAKIA. — Loft. 508. 333. A custom introduced against reason ought rather to be called usurpation than custom. CONSUETUDO CONTRA RATIOXEM INTRODDCTA POTItTS USPRPATIO QUAM CONSUETUDO APPELLARI DEBET. — Loft. 338. 334. Custom is the good, reasonable, certain, and com- mon practice of any place, contrary to which there is nothing within the recollection of man. CONSUETUDO EST BONIS, RATIONABILIS, CERTUS, ET CQMMUNIS LOCI ALICUJUS, GUI MBMORIA HOMINIS NON CUREAT IN CON- TEARIUM. — H. 28. 335. A custom should be certain : an uncertain custom goes for nothing. CONSUETUDO DEBET ESSE CEETA : NAM INCEETA PRO NULLA HABETUE. — LW). 33. 336. Custom is another law. CONSDETUDO EST ALTERA LEX. 4 JJep. 21. 337. Custom is the best expounder of the laws. CONSUETUDO EST OPTIMA IKTERPEES LEGUM. — 2 Inst. 18. (42) Co 338-346 Co 338. Custom and common usage overcomes the written law, if it be special ; and interprets the written law, if it be general. CONSUKTUnO ET rOMMDKIS ASSUETUDO TINCIT LEGEM NON SCEIPTAM, SI SIT SPECIALIS ; ET INTERPBETATUR LEOEM SCRIPTAM, SI LEX SIT GENERALIS. — Jenk. Cent. 273. 339. A custom grounded on a certain reasonable cause supersedes the common law. CONSUETDDO EX CEETA OACSA RATIONABILIS USITATA FRIVAT COMMUNEM LEGEM. — Litt. 3, 169. 340. A custom, though it be of great authority, should nevertheless never be prejudicial to manifest right. CONSUETDDO, LICET SIT MAGN^ AUCTORITATIS, NDXQlCrAM TAMEN PR^JUDICAT MAKIFEST^E VERITAT^. — 4 Co. 18. 341. The custom of the place is to be observed. CONSUETUDO LOCI OBSERVANDA EST. — Litl. 3, 169. 342. The custom of the manor and place is to be ob- served. CONSUETUDO MANEEII ET LOCI OBSERVANDA EST. 6 Rep. 67. 343. The custom of the place and manor is to be ob- served. COKSUETUDO MANERII ET LOCI EST OBSEVANDA.- — Tayler, 52. 344. The custom of manors rules the will of the master. . CONSUETUDO MANEEIORUM DOMINI VOLUNTATBM REGIT. — Z/o/i.389. 345. Custom can neither arise nor be taken away by injury. CONSUETUDO KEQUE INJURIA OEIRI NEQUE TOLLI POTEST. — Lojt. 340. 346. Custom is not prejudicial to truth. CONSUETUDO NON PR.a;jUDICAT VERITATI. — Lajt. 337. (43) Co 347-355 Co 347. Custom is not drawn into conseoLuence. COSSUETUDO KON TRAHITUR IN CONSEQUENTIAM. — 3 Keb. 499; 4 Jur. N. iS. Ex. 139. 348. The custom of the English people and the common law are free. CONSUETCDO POPtJLI ANGLIOANI ETCOMMDKIS LEX LIBEKTA. — Loft. 341. 349. A prescriptive and legitimate custom overcomes the law. CONSUETUDO PR^iESCRIPTA ET LEGITIMA VINCIT LEGEM. — Co. Litt. 113. 350. Custom is observed for law. CONSUETUDO PRO LEGE SEBVATCK. — Co. Litt. 113. 351. The custom of a nation is the law of that nation. CON.SUETUDO EEGXI EST LEX REGNI. — Jenk. Cent. 118. 352. Custom once disallowed can not be again produced. CONSUETUDO SEMEL REPROBATA NON POTEST AMPLIUS INDUCI. — Dav. 33. 353. The custom of all England is the common law of England. CONStJETUDO TOTIUS KSOIAM EST LEX TOTIUS ANGLIiE COM- MtTNis. — Jenk. Cent. 119. « 354. Custom leads the willing; law compels the un- willing. CONSUETUDO VOLENTES DUCIT ; LEX KOLEKTES TRAHIT. — Jenjc. Cent. 274. 355. Contemporary custom is the best interpreter. CONTEMPOBANEA CONSUETUDO OPTIMUS INTERPRES. TayUr, 52. (44) Co 356-362 Co 356. The best and surest mode of expounding an instru- ment is by referring to the time when, and cir- cumstances under which it was made. CONTEMPORANEA EXPOSITO EST OPTIMA ET POBTISSIMA IN LEGE, —2 Inst. 11 {Broom, 682). 357. The joinder of issue in a suit needs contradictory terms. COKTESTATIO LITIS EGET TEEMINOS CONTRADICTARIOS. — Jenk. Cent. 117. 358. Proof is not admitted against fiction ; for what could the evidence of truth effect, where fiction supposes against truth? For fiction is no other than an arrangement of the law against truth in a possible matter arising from a just cause. CONTKA FIOTIONEM KON ADMITTITUK PROBATIO ; QUID ENIM EP- FICEBET PROBATIO VEKITATIS UBI PICTIO ADVERStJS VERITA- TEM FINGIT ? NAM FIOTIO NIHIL ALIUS EST QUAM LEGIS ADVERSIS VERITATEM IN RE POSSIBILI EX JUSTA CAUSA DIS- PosiTio. — Tayler, 53. 359. Agreements made contrary to the civil law are not to be construed as valid. CONTRA JUS CIVILIS REGULAS PACTA CONVENTA RATA NON HABENTUB. — H. 30. 360. There is no disputing against one who denies first principles. CONTRA NEGANTEM PRINCIPIA NON EST DISPUTANDUM. — Co. Litt. 43. 361. No prescription runs against one who is unable to bring an action. CONTRA NON VALENTEM AGERE NULLA CURRIT PB^SSCRIPTIO. — Whart. 362. The law never suffers any thing contrary to truth. CONTRA VERITATEM LEX NTJNQUAM ALIQUID PEBMITTIT, — 2 Inst. 252. (45) Co 383-370 Co 363. A contract is to be understood according: to the intention of the parties, expressed in words. CONTRACTUS AD MEXTEM PARTIUM TERBIS KOTATAM INTELLI- GENDtrs. — Loft. 522. 364. A contract is, as it were, an act against an act. CONTRACTUS EST QUASI ACTUS CONTRA ACTUM. — 2 Rep. 15. 365. A contract arising out of a base consideration, or against morality, is null. CONTRACTUS EX TURPI CAUSA TEL CONTRA BONOS MORES NULLUS. —Hoh. 167. 366. The contract of a minor is invalid, if it tend to his loss. CONTRACTUS INFANTIS INTALIDUS, SI IN DAMNUM SUI SPECTET. —Lofl. 301. 367. Things of a higher nature determine those ,of a lower nature. ■^Noy. Max. 15. 368. The reason of contrary things is contrary. CONTRARIORUM CONTRARIA EST RATIO. — Hob. 344. 369. Every one is understood to have contracted in the place where he has bound himself to pay. CON'TBAXISSE UNUSQUISQUEM IN EO LOCO INTELL16ITUR IN QUO UT SOLTERET SE OBLIGAVIT. — Taykr, 53. 370. The touching or removing of the property of another, with the intention of stealing, is theft. CONTBECTATIO BEI ALIEN/E, AKIMO FURANDI, EST EUBTCM. JenJc. Cent. 132. (46) Co 371-378 Co 371. An agreement of private persons can not affect public right. CONTENTIO PB1VAT0RT7M NON POTEaT PUBLICO JDBI DEBOGARB. — Win^. 746. 372. An agreement overcomes law. CONVENTIO VIKCIT LEGEM. — Dig. 2. 373. If you be moved to anger by insults, you publish them ; if despised, they are forgotten. CONYINCIA ST lEASCAEIS, TUA DIVULGAS ; SPKETA, EXOLESOBNT. —3 Inst. 198. 374. To cover reproach with reproach is to lay mud upon mud. CON'TITITTM CONTITIO TEGERE, EST LUTUM LUTO POBRIGEEE. — 1 Bulsl. 86. 375. The coupling of words shows their acceptation in the same sense. COPTJLATIO VERBORUM INDICAT ACOEPTATIONEM IN EODEM SEKSU. — Bacon, iv. 26. See KosciTUB a sociis. 376. Bodily injuries can not be foreseen and guarded against by means of provisos. CORPORALl.S IXJTTRIA NON BECIPIT ^STIMATIONEM DE PUTURO. Bae. Max. Reg. 22. 377. An incorporated body can consist of one person. CORPUS COKPORATUM EX UNO POTEST CONSISTEBE. — Loft. 302. 378. An incorporated body can not be brought person- ally into court, in any suit; nor outlawed; nor forfeit their goods ; nor suffer attaint; nor granted power of attorney ; nor be excommunicated. CORPUS COItPOBATUM NEQUE IN LITE SISTI ; NEQUE UTLAGAEI ; NEQUE BONA FORTSEACERE ; NEQUE ATRINCTUM PATI ; ATTOR- NATUM FACEBB J KEQDE EXCOMMUNIOARI POTEST. — Loft. 305. (47) Co 879-388 Cr 379. An incorporated body has no heirs nor executors, nor can it die. CORPDS CORPORATUM NGN HABET HjEREDBS NEQUE EXECUTORES j NEQUE MORI POTEST. — Lnfl. 297. 380. A human body is not susceptible of appraisement. CORPUS HUMANUM NON RECIPIT .SSTIMATIONEM. — Hoh. 59. 381. A counselor ought not to be heard who speaks against precedent. COUNSELLOR NEST DESTEB OTE QUE PARLE ENVER LE PRESI- DENTS.— 13 H. 7, 23a. 382. Corruption of the best is worst. CORRUPTIO OPTIMI EST PESSIMA. — WhaH. 383. The creditor who allows property to be sold gives up the pledge. ORBDITOR QUI PERMITTIT REM TENIRB PIGNUS DIMITTIT. — H. 32. 384. Where crime increases, punishment ought also to increase. CRESOENTE MALITIA, CRBSCERE DEBET ET PCENA. — 2 InSt. 479. 385. A crime is not atoned for by after action. CRIMEN EX POST FACTO KON DILUITUR. — H. 32. 386. .The crime of treason exceeds all other crimes in punishment. CRIMEN L^S^ MAJESTATIS OMNIA ALIA CRIMINA EXCEDIT QUOAD PffiNAM. — 3 Inst. 210. 387. A crime vitiates all things proceeding from it. CRIMEN OMNIA EX SE NOTA TITIAT. 388. Crimes are extinguished by death. CRIMENA MOBTE EXTINGUNTUR. — H. 32. (48) Cr 389-396 ' , Cu 389. Tortures are odious to the law. CBUCIATDS LEGIBtrS INVISI. — Ersh. 4, 3. 390. When jurisdiction is granted one, to him also are granted those things without which jurisdiction could not be explained. cm JURISDIOTIO DATA EST, EA QnOQUE CONCESSA ESSE VIDEN- TUB SINE QUIBUS JURISDIOTIO EXPLIOARE NON POTUIT. — H. 33. 391. He who has authority to do the more important act shall not be debarred from doing that of less importance. CDI LICET QUOD MAJITS NON DEBET (JTJOD MINUS EST NON LICEKE. —4 Bep. 23. 392. He whose father is the people has no father. Cin PATEE EST POPULUS NON HABET ILI,B PATBBM. — Co. Lilt. 123. 393. He to whom more is granted than is just wants more than is granted. GUI PLUS LICET (JUAM PAE EST PLUS VULT QUAM LICET. — 2 Inst. 464. 394. Whoever grants a thing is supposed also tacitly to grant that without which the right itself would be of no effect. OUICUKQUE ALIQUIS QUID CONCEDIT CONCEDEBE VIDETUB ET ID SINE QUO BBS IPSA ESSE NON POTUIT. — 11 Rep. 52 {Broom, 479). 395. Credence should be given to one skilled in his peculiar profession. CUILIBET IN SUA AETE PEBITO EST CBEDENDUM. — Oo. Lilt. 125a {Broom, 932). . . Whose is the advantage, his also .should be the disadvantage. CUJUS EST COMMODUM, EJUS DEBET ESSE INCOMMODUM. — Whavt. (40) Cn , , ' ' 397-404 Cu 397. The bestower of a gift has a right to regulate its disposal. cujus EST DARE, EJTTs EST DisposERE. — 2 Rep. 71 ; Wing. Max. 53 {Broom, 459). 398. Whose is the division, the others is the choice. CUJUS EST DITISIO, ALTERIUS EST ELECTIO. — Co. LUt. 166. 399. He who has the establishing of a thing has also its abrogation. CUJUS EST INSTITDERE, EJUS EST ABBOGARE. — rBrOOm, 878n. 400. He who has the right of conferring a donation has also the right of selling and granting. CUJUS EST DONANDI, EIDEM ET VENDBNDI BT CONCBDENDI JUS EST. — H. 33. 401. Whose is the soil, his it is also even from heaven down to the center of the earth. CUJUS EST SOLUM, EJUS EST USQUE AD C(BLUM ET AD INFERNO. — Co. lAtt. 4:a. CUJUS EST SOLUM, EJUS EST ALTUM. — WAart. {Broom, 395). 402. An accessory matter is subject to the same juris- diction as its principal. CUJUS JURIS EST PRINCIPALE, EJUSDEM JURIS ERIT ACCESSO- RiUM. — 2 Inst. 493. 403. He is clear of blame who knows, but can not pre- vent. CULPA CARET QUI SCIT, SED PROHIBEBE KON POTEST. — Dig. 50, 17, 50. 404. It is a fault for any one to meddle in a matter not pertaining to him. CULPA EST IMMISCERE SB REI AD SB NON PERTINENTI. 2 Inst. 208, D. 50, 17, 36. (50) Cu 405-412 Cu 405. A gross fault is held eoiuivalent to intentional wrong. Every one must be taken to intend that whicli is the natural conseq.uenoe of his acts. CULPA LATO DOLO iEQUIPARATUK. — W/mrt. 406. Let the punishment be proportioned to the crime. CULP^ PCENA PAR ESTO. PCBNA AD MESURAM DELICTI STATU- ENDA EST. — Jur. Oiv. 407. A fault binds its own authors. CULPA TEKET SUA AUCTORES. — ^Vhart. 408. Blame or punishment does not proceed from equity. CULPA VEL PtBNA EX EQUITATE NON INTENDITUR. — H. 34. 409. Where the testimony of facts is present, what need is there of words? CUM ADSUNT TESTIMONIA RERUM, QUID OPUS EST VERBIS? — 2 Bulst. 53. 410. One confessing willingly should be dealt with more leniently. CUM COKPITENTE SPONTE MITIUS EST AGENDUM. — 4 InSl. 66. 411. When there is a question concerning the gain of two persons, the cause of the one in possession is the better. CUM DE LUCRO DUORUM QU^RATUE, MELIOR EST CAUSA POSSI- DENTIS. — H. 34. 412. Where two things repugnant to each other are found in a will, the last prevails. CUM DUO INTER SE PUGNANTI^ REPERIUNTUR IN TESTAMEMTO, ULTIMUM BATUM EST. — Co. Lilt. 112. (51) Cu 413-420 Cu 413. Where ambiguities or absurdities occur in a testa- .ment, they are to be interpreted as broadly and beneficially as possible, according to what seems most likely to have been the design and intention of the testator. CUM IN TESTAMBNTO AMBIGUE AUT ETIAM PERPERAM SCRIPTDM EST, BENIGNJS INTERPEETARI, ET SECUNDUM ID QUOD CEEDI- BILE EST COGITATDM CBEDENDUM EST. — BrOOm, 568. 414. Enter not into law, if yo^ can avoid it. CUM I.ICET FUG ERE, NE QU^aiRE LITEM. — Tayler, 58 415. Where both of two claimants are in the wrong, the condition of the one possessing is the best. CUM PAR DELICTUM EST DUORUM, SEMPER OKBRATUR PETITIOR ET MELiOR habetue' possessoris CAUSA. — Broom, 720. 416. When the main cause is not consistent, for the most part not even the things which follow have a place. CUM PRINCIPALIS CAUSA HON CONSISTIT, NE BA QUIDEM qjJM SEQUUNTUR LOCUM HABENT.' — D. 50, 17, 129, § 1. 417. The court of chancery favors the entire reduction of contracts. CURIA CANCELLARIA CONTEACTIBUS IN PLENUM EEDIGENDIS PA7ET. — S. 34. 418. The court of chancery is not subject, unless to the parliament. CURIA CANCELLARIA NON NISI PARLIAMENTO SUBDITA. — H. 34. 419. An ecclesiastical court has no jurisdiction over matters of common law. CURIA ECCLESIASTICA LOCUM NON HABET SUPEE IIS qjJJE JUEIA SUNT COMMUNIS. — H. 35. 420. A curate has not a title. CURATUS NON HABET TITULUM. — 3 Bulst. 310. (52) Cu 421-428 Da 421. The court of chancery is the workshop of justice. CUMA CAXCELLARl^ OFFICINA JUSTITI^. — 2 InSt. 552. 422. A court of parliament is governed by its own pe- culiar laws. ' CURIA PARLIAMENTI SUIS PROPEIIS LEGIBUS SUBSTITIT. 4 Inst. 50. 423. A nice and captious construction is not agreeable to law. CURIOSA ET CAPTIOSA INTERPRETATIO IN LEGE EEPROBATUR. — 1 Bulst. 6. 424. Time runs against the slothful and those who slight their own rights. CURRIT TEMPUS CONTRA DESIDES ET SHI JURIS CONTEMPTORES. — Whart. 425. The practice of the court is the law of the court. cuusus cuRi^ EST LEX cnRi.a;. — 3 Bulst. 53 (Broom, 133). 426. Let him be the guardian of the body of the infant to whom the inheritance can not come. CnsTOS CORPORIS CUJUSQUE INFANTIS EST IN ESTO AD 'QTIEM HJEKEDITAS NEQUEAT PERTENIRB. — JS. 35. 427. A guardian can make the estate of an existing heir under his gaardianship better, not worse. CCSTOS STATITM H.a;REDIS IN CDSTODIA EXISTENTIS MBLIOREM NGN DETBRIOBEM, TAOEEE POTEST. — 7 Sep. 7. D 428. Give the things which are yours while they are yours : after death they are not yours. DA TUA DUM TUA SUNT: POST MORTEM TUNC TUA NON SUNT. —3 Bulst. 18. (53) Da 429-435 De 429. There is such a thing as damage without injury. DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA ESSE POTEST. — H. 12. 430. One who gives and yet retains, gives nothing. DANS ET RETINENS, NIHIL DAT. — Tray. 129. 431. In a free country there is much clamor, with little suffering: in a despotic state there is little com- plaint, but much grievance. DANS UN PATS LIBRE ON CBIE BBAUCOUP, QUOIQu'oN SOUFPRE PEU: DANS UN PAYS DE TYBANNIE ON TE PLAINT PEU, QUOIq'oN SOUFPRE BEAUooup. — Taylor, 81. 432. From the goods of a deceased person, those which are of necessity are first to be deducted, and after- ward those of utility, and. lastly those of bequest. DE BONIS DEFUNCTI PRIMO DEDUCEKDA SUNT KA QU^E SUNT NECESSITATIS, ET POSTEA QUiE SUNT UTILIIATIS, ET ULTIMO QD^ SUNT VOLUNTATIS. — Tayler, 83. 433. The good faith and honesty of purpose of a judge can not be questioned; but his decision may be impugned for error either of law or fact. DE FIDE ET OFFICIO JUDICIO KON EBCIPITUE QtTiESTO; SED DE SCIENTIA SIVB SIT ERROR JURIS SIVE PACTI. — BacOn, Max. Reg. 17 {Broom, 85). 434. The clause "of our special grace, certain know- ledge, and mere motion," is of no avail in those things in which it was presumed that the prince was ignorant. " DE GRATIA SPECIALI, OERTA SCIENTA, ET MERO MOTU,'' TALIS CLAUSULA NON VALET IN HIS IN QUIBUS PRiESDMITUR PRINCI- PEM ESSE IGNORANTEM. — 1 Itep. 53. 435. Of whole trees tithes are not given; but of wood used to be out tithes are given. DE GROSSIS ARBORIS DECIM^, NON DABANTUR; SED DE STLVA CJEDVA DECIMiE DABUNTUE. — 2 JJ. li. 123. (54) De 436-443 De 436. With regard to the right of tithes, deducing its origin from the right of the patron, then the cogni- zance of them belongs to the civil, that is to say the common, law. DE JURE DECIMAEUM, OBIGIKEM DUCEUS DE JUKI PATBONATUS, TUNC COGNITIO SPECTAT AD LEGEM CIVILEM, I. E. COMMUNEM. —Godf. 63. 437. The judges answer to the law ; the jury to the fact. OBJURE JUDICES, DE FACTO JURATORES, RESPONDENT. — WhaH. 438. We may construe the laws of nature we should consider, of ourselves; but the common law we should accept the constructions that have been handed down to us. DE JURE NATUR^iE COGITARE PER NOS ATQl'E DICERE DEBEMUS ; DE JURE POPULI QU^ RELICTA SUNT ET TRADITA. — Tayler, 88. 439. The law does not concern itself about trifles. DE MINIMIS NON CURAT LEX. — Cro. Eliz. 353 {Broom, 142). 440. The judge does not concern himself about trifles. DE MINIMIS NON CURAT PR..ETOR. — Trai/. 137. 441. A prohibition lies not against a newly-erected mill. DE MOLENDINO DE NOVO EBECTO NON JAOET PROUIEITIO. — CrO. Jac. 429. 442. Concerning the death of a man, no delay is long. DE MORTE HOMINIS, NULLA EST CUNCTATIO LONGA. — Co. Lilt. 134. 443. The proper name is not to be regarded, where it errs not in substance ; because names are change- able, but things immutable. DE NOMINE PROPRIO NON EST CURANDUM CUM IN SUBSTANTIA NON ERRETUR; QUIA NOMINA MUTABILIA SUNT, RES AUTEM IMMOBILES. — 6 Co. 66. (55) De 444-451 De 444. Where the court can not take judicial notice of a fact, it is the same as if the fact had not existed. DE NON APPARENTIBUS ET NON EXISTENTIBUS, EADEM EST RATIO. — 5 Hep. 6 {Broom, 163). 445. A widow shall have no part of that which in its own nature is indivisible, and is not susceptible of division ; but let the heir satisfy her with an equivalent. DE NtTLLO, QUOD EST SUA KATORA INDITISIBILE, ET DITISIONEM NON PATITOR, NULLAM PARTEM HABEBIT VIDUA; SED SATIS- TACIAT EI AD TALENTIAM. — Co. Litt. 32. 446. Of thingrs similar the law is similar. DE SIMILIBDS SIMILIBUS IDEM EST JUDICIUM. — 7 Rep. 18. 447. If a sturgeon be captured in English waters, it shall go to the king entire ; but if a whale, the king shall have the head, and the queen the tail. (Obsolete.) DE STURQEONE OBSEBTETUR, QUOD REX ILLIUM HABEBIT INTEG- RUM ; DE BAL^NA VERO SUFFIOIT SI REX HABEAT CAPUT, ET REGINA CAUDAM. — Tai/Ur, 96. 448. There should be an end of lawsuits- DEBET ESSE FINIS LITIUM. — Jenlc. Cent. 61. 449. A bad foundation ruins the work. DEBILE FUNDAMENTUM FALLIT OPUS. — 3 Rep. 231. 450. Debts follow the person of the debtor. DEBITA SEQUDNTUR PERSONAM DEBITORIS. — H. 13. 451. A debtor is not presumed to make a gift to his creditor. DEBITOR NON PRJSSUMITUB DONARE. — JuT. Oiv. 6, (56) De 452-461 De !. A creditor's right to recover can neither be taken away nor diminished by bargain among his debtors. DEBITORUM PAOTIONIBUS CREDITORUM PETITIO NEC TOLLI NEC MiNUi POTEST. — Broom, 698. 453. Debt and contract are of no place. DEBITUM ET CONTRACTUS SUNT NULLIUS LOCI. — 7 Rep. 3. 454. Debt follows the person. DEBITUM SEQUITUR PERSONAM. — H. 36. 455. Tithes are not to be paid from that which is given for tithes. DECIM^ DE DECIMATIS SOLYI NON DEBENT. — Whart. 456. Laws assist the deceived, not the deceiving. DECBPTIS, KON BECIPIENTIBUS, JURA SUBVENIUNT. — H. 36. 457. It is more safe to be deceived than to deceive. DECIPI QUAM FALLEKE EST TUTIUS. — H. 36. 458. The decrees of councils bind not our kings. DECRETA CONCILIORUM NON LIGANT REGES NOSTROS. — Mo. 906. 459. One blood being wanting, he can not be heir. DEFICIENTE UNO SANGUINE, NON POTEST ESSE H^RES. — 3 Oo. 41. Sed vid. 3 and 4 W., iv. c. 106, § 9. 460. One himself delegated, can not delegate his power to another. DELEGATA POTESTAS, NON POTEST DELEGARE. — BrOOm, 839. 461. A delegated debtor is hateful in law. DELEGATUS DEBTOR EST ODIOSUS IN LEGE. — 2 Bulit. 148. (57) Se 462—469 De 462. That which is to be resolved once for all should long be deliberated upon. DELIBEEAKUM EST DIUQUOD STATUENDOM EST SEMEL. — 12 Co. 74. 463. A delinquent provoked by anger ought to be pun- ished more mildly. DELINQUENS PER IRAM PROYOCATUS PUNIRI DEBET MITIUS. — 3 Inst. 55. 464. Denomination should be deduced from the more worthy. DENOMINATIO FIERI DEBET A DIGNIORIBUS. Whart. 465. Derivative power is of the same jurisdiction as the primitive. DERITATITA POTEST EST BJUSDEM JURISDICTIONIS CnM PRIMI- TiVA.— B; 37. 466. The derivative power can not be greater than the primitive. DERITATIVA POTESTAS NON POTEST ESSE MAJOR PRIMITITA. Noy. Wing. 66. 467. Descent takes away entrance. DESCENSUS TOLLIT INTRATIONEM. — H. 37. 468. The appointment of justices is by the king ; but their ordinary jurisdiction, by the law. DESIGNATIO JUSTICIARIORUM EST A REGE ; JDRISDICTIO VERO ORDINARIA A LEGE. — 4 InSt. 74. 469. The appointment of one is the exclusion of another, and that which is expressed makes that which is understood to cease. DESIGNATIO UNIUS EST EXCLTJSIO ALTERItTS, ET EXPRESSDM FACIT CESSARE TAOITUM. — Co. LUt. 210. (58) De 470-479 Di 470. God alone, and not man, can make an heir. DEUS SOLUS H/EBEDEM FACERB POTEST, NGN HOMO. — Co. Lift. 7. 471. Sunday is not a day for judicial or legal pro- ceedings. DIES DOMiNiuus NGN EST JURIDICTTS. — Not/. Mox. 2 {Bwom, 22). 472. A day begun is held as complete. DIES INCEPTUS PKO OGMPLETO HABETUR. — Wllart. 473. An uncertain day is regarded as a condition. DIES INOERTCS PRO CONDITIONE HABETUR. — Tray. 158. 474. The arrival of the day of payment is a sufficient demand from the person owing. DIES INTERPELLAT PRO HOMINE. — Tray. 158. 475. It is difficult for one person to fill the place of two. DIFFICILE EST UT UNUS HOMG TICEM DUGBUM SUBTINEAT. — Br. Pr. 476. Dignity supposes office and charge, and is not di- visible. DIGNITAS SUPPONIT OFFICIUM ET CURAM, ET NGN EST PARTIBILIS. —H. 37. 477. The king confers honors, virtue preserves them, transgressions take them away. DIGVITATES REX DAT, TIBTUS CGNSERTAI, DELICTA AUPERUNT. — H. 38. 478. The laborer is worthy of his hire. DIGNUS MEBCEDE OPEBABIUS. Loft. 262. 479. Delay or suspension for justice's sake is very ac- ceptable; but delay contrary to justice is very odious. DILATIO QUiE PRO JUSTITIA FACIAT ACCEPTISSIMA ; QU^ CONTRA JUSTITIAM MAXIME INYISA. — H. 38. (59) Di 480—486 Di 480. Delays in law are odious. DILITATIOKES IN XEGE SUXT ODIOSA. — H. 38. 481. To discontinue signifies nothing else than to inter- mit, to disuse, to interrupt. DISCONTINUARE KIHIL AIAUD SIGNIPIOAT QUAM INTEKMITTEKE, DESUESCERE, INTEREUMPERE. — Co. JLUt. 325. 482. Discretion is to know, through law, what is just. DISCKETIO EST SCIRE, PEE LEGEM, QDID SIT JUSIUM. — 10 Co. 140. 483. A year is the duration of the motion by which a planet revolves throughout its orbit. DISCUS QUO SUUM PLANETA PERVOLTAT CIKCULUM MORA MOTUS ANNUS EST. — Big. 40, 17, 4, 5. 484. A dispensation is the provident relaxation of a thing prohibited, weighed from utility or neces- sity ; and it is conceded by law to the king, on account of the impossibility of foreknowledge con- cerning all particulars. DISPENSATIO EST MALI PROHIBITI PEOVIDA KELAXATIO, UTILITATE SEtr NECESSITATE PENSATA ; ET EST DE JURE DOMINO REGI CONCESSA, PROPTER IMPOSSIBILITATEM PR^VIDENDI DE OM- NIBUS PARTICULARIBUS. — 10 Bep. 88. 485. A dispensation is a wound which wounds common law. DISPENSATIO EST TULNUS QUOD VULNERAT JUS COMMUNE. — Bav. 69. 486. He makes disseisin enough who does not permit the possessor to enjoy, or makes his enjoyment less beneficial, although he does not expel him altogether. DISSEISINAM SATIS PACIT QUI UTI NON PERMITTIT POSSESSI- ORUM, VEL MINUS COMMODE, LICET OMNINO NON EXPELLAT. —Co. Liu. 331. (60) Di 487-495 Di 487. Injury is removed by condonation or forgiveness. msSIMULATIONB lOI.LIT INJURIA. — Tray. 158. 488. Of dissimilars the rule is dissimilar. DISSIMILUM DISSIMILIS EST RATIO. — Co. Li(l. 91. 489. Injury is taken away by dissimulation. DISSIMULATIONS TOLLITUR INJURIA. — H. 38. 490. Times are to be distinguished : it is one thing to do, another to complete. DISTINGUENDA SUNT TEMPORA : ALIUD EST FACERE, AI.IUD PER- FICERE. — lliep.2i; WAarL; 3 Leon, 2i3. 491. Times are to be distinguished: distinguish times, and you make the laws agree. DISTINGUENDA SUNT TEMPORA : DISTINGUE TEMPORA, ET CON- CORDABIS LEGES. — 1 Co. 24 ; ] Sep. 24. 492. Goods can not be distrained except for certain services or servitudes. DISTRIOTIO SON POTEST ESSE, NISI PRO OERTIS SERVITIIS. — H. 39. 493. Divide and govern, since the foundation and crown of empire are established in the consent of the obedient. DIVIDE ET IMPERA, CUM RADIX ET TERTEX IMPERII IX OBEDI- ENTUM CONSENSU RATA SUNT. 4 Inst. 35. 494. That is guesswork, not interpretation, which de- parts altogether from the letter. DITINATIO, NON INTERPRETATIO EST, QU^ OMNINO RECEDIT A LIT ERA. — Bacon. 495. A thing divisible may be forever divided. DITISIBILIS IN SEMPER DIVISIBILIS. — W/tart. (61) Do 496—505 Do 496. He seeks with guile who seeks what he ought to return, DOLO FAOIT QUI PETIT QUOD REDUITURUS EST. — BrOOm, 346. 497. By fraud or dole a contract perishes. DOLO MALO PACTUM SE NON SERVATURCM. — BrOOm, 731. 498. A deceiver deals in generalities. DOLOSUS TEESATUK IN GENERALIBUS. — 2 Rep. 34. 499. The fraud of a predecessor does not prejudice his successor. DOLUS AUCTORIS UON NOCET SUCCESSORI. — WhaH. 500. Fraud is not purged by circuity. DOLUS CIRCUITA NON PURGATUR. — Bac. 4. 501. Deceit is an artifice, since it pretends one thing and does another. DOLUS EST MACHINATIO, CUM ALIUD DISSIMULAT AHUD AGIT. Lane, 47. 502. Deceit and fraud are to be remedied on all occasions. DOLUS ET PRAUS UNA IN PARTE SANARI DEBENT. — Noy. Max. 32. 503. Wrongful intention is presumed against one en- gaged in an illicit act. DOLUS PR^SUMITUB CONTRA TERSANTBM IN ILLICITO. — Tray. 162. 504. Craft is inconsistent with every thing. Fraud deals in generalities. DOLUS VEBSATUR IN GENERAUBCS. — H. 39 ; 2 B,ep. 34a. 505. Lordship can not be in suspense. DOMINIUM NON POTEST ESSE IN PENDENTE. — Tray. 163. (62) Do 506-513 Do 506. A lord sometimes can not alienate. DOMINUS ALIQUANDO NON POTEST ALIliiTABE. — W/iart. 507. The supreme lord takes the place of the heir, as often as the blood of the tenant is extinct through deficiency or crime. DOMINOS CAPITALIS LOCO H^KEDES HABETUR, QOOTIES PER DE- FECTUM ET DELICTUM EXTINGUITUR SANGUIS SUI TENENTIS. —Co. Liu. 18. 508. A lord can not give a ward in marriage but once. DOMINUS NON MARITABIT PUPILLUM NISI SEMEL. — Co. Litt. 9. 509. The sovereign is the first seized of all lands; of him all others hold, so that every one has his own. DOMINUS OMNIUM IN REGNO TERRARUM REX HABENDDS; KT AB EG OMNES TENENT ITA TAMEN, UT SUUM CUIQUE SIT. — H. 40. 510. The king can not have an eg.ual, much less a su- perior. DOMINUS REX NULLUM HABERE POTEST PABEM, MULTO MINUS SUPBRIOREM. — 1 Reeves, 115. 511. The master may defend his servant's cause, even when it is not lawful for another. DOMINUS YEL CAUSAM SEBVI TEL PERSONAM INCULPATIO DE- PENDET, ETTAM UBI ALII NON LICEBET. — H. 40. 512. It is lawful for every one to repair his own house, provided he does it not to the injury of another over whom he has no rights. DOMUM SUAM UNICVIQPE REPICERE LICET, DUM KON OPFICIAT INVITO ALTERI IN QUO JUS NON HABET. — H. 40. 513. Every man's house is his castle. DOMUS SUA CUIQUE EST TUTISSIMUM REFUGIUM. — 5 Rep. 92 {Broom, 432). NEMO DE DOMA SUA EXTRAHI DEBET. — D. 50, 17, 103. (63) Do 514-521 Do 614. Clandestine gifts are always suspicious. DONA CLANDESTINA SONT SEMPER SUSPICIOSA. — 3 Rep. 81. 515. A thing appears to be granted when it is granted without any compulsion of the law. D0N4.RI VIDETUR QUOD NULLO JUKE COGENTE CONOEDITUB. ff. 40. 516. A gift will not be presumed. DONATIO NON PR^suMiTnK. — Jenk. Cent. 109. 617. A gift is perfected by the possession of the receiver. DONATIO PBBFECITUR POSSESSIONE ACCIPIENTIS. — Jenk. Cent. 109. 618. A gift of a prince is understood to be without the prejudice of a third party, DONATIO PRINCIPES INTELLIGITUB SINE PRiEJtrraClO TERTII. — Davis, 756. 519. A donation obtains its effect by force of the law. DONATIO QUJSLIBET EX TI LEGIS SOBTlTfR fepFECTUM. — H. 41. 520. Some gifts are perfect, others incipient and im- perfect ; as if a gift were read and agreed to, but delivery had not then followed. DONATIONUM ALIA PEBFECTA, ALIA INCEPTA ET NON PERFECTA ; DT SI DONATIO LECTA FtllT ET OONCESSA, AC IBADITIO NON- DUM PUERIT SUBSEOUTA. — Co. Litt. 56. vid. DONATIO PERFECITUB POSSESSIONE ACCIPIENTIS, ante. 521. He who gives never ceases to possess before that the receiver begins to possess. DONATOR NnNQUAM DESINIT POSSIDERE ANTEQUAM DONATAEIUS INOIPIAT POSSIDERE. — Dyer, 281. (64) Do 622—529 Du 522. The laws sometimes sleep; never die. The 1.1W hath not been dead though it hath slept.— Measure FOR Measure. DORMIUNT ALIQUAKDO LEGES ; NUNQUAM MORIUNTUE. — 2 TnSt. 16]. 523. Lower from dower ought not to be sought. DOS DE DOTE PETI NGN DEBET. i Rep. 122. 524. Reasonable or legitimate dower belongs to every woman of a third part of all the lands and tene- ments of which her husband was seized in his demesne, as of fee, etc. DOS RATION ABILI.S VEL LEGITIMA EST CUJUSLIBET MULIERIS DE QUOCUNQUE TENEMENTIO TERTIA PARS OMKIUM TERRARDM ET TENEMENTOBUM Qtl/E VIR SUUS TENUIT IN DOMINIO SUO, UT DE F(BDO, ETC. — Co. LiU. 336. 525. The law favors dower. It is the reward of chas- tity ; therefore let it be preserved. DOTI LEX FAVEAT. PREMIUM PDDORIS EST) IDEO PARCATUR. —Co. Liu. 31. 526. Justice gives no more than is demanded. DROIT NE DONE PLOTS QUE SOIT DEMANDE. — 2 InSt. 286. 527. Right can not die out. DROIT NE POET PAS MOEIER. — Jenk. Cent. 100. 528. It is not lawful to have two wives at one and the same time. DUAS UXOEES EADEM TEMPORE HABERE NON LICET. — Tayler, 104. 529. Two persons can not each possess the entire right to one thing. DUO NON POSSUNT IN SOLIDO UNAM REM POBSIDERE. — Co. LUt. 368. (05) Su 530—536 Ea 630. There are two instruments either to confirm or im- pugn all things— reason and authority. DUO SUNT INSTRUMEKTA AD OMNES RES. AUT CONFlRMANDtTS AUT IMPOGKANDDS. — 8 Rep. 16. 531. A double decree can not be regarded. DUPLEX PLAOITOM KOJf ADMITTITUR. — H. 41. 532. The law does not allow a duplication of possibility. DUPLICATIONEM POSSIBILITATIS LEX NON PATITUR. — 1 R. R. 321 . 533. It is hard by conjecture to depart from the mean- ing of words. DURDH EST PER DIVINATIONBM A TERBIS RECEDERE. — H. 41. E 534. That interpretation which is free &om fault is to be received. EA EST AOCIPIENDA INTERPRETATIO QDiB TITIO CARET. — BaCOn. 535. Things which, on the occasion of a sale, are said by the seller, in the way of commendation of the article which he is selling, do not bind him, if the things themselves are present and open for inspection. EA QUyE, COMMENDAKDl CAtTSA, IN VBKDITIONIBUS DICUNTOR, SI PALAM APPAREANT.TENDITOKEM NON OBLIGANT. Dig. 18, 1, 43. 536. Those things which can not be given, or which have no tangible existence in the nature of things, will never be considered as included in a grant. EA QU^ DAUI IMPOSSIBILIA StTNT, TEL QUjK IN BEK0M NATURA NON SUNT, PRO SON ADJECTIS HABETOR.-^.H". 41. (66) Ea 537-544 Ec 537. Those things which are properly transacted in our court ought to be committed to a due execution. EA QVJE IN CURIA KOSTEA RITE ACTA STJNT DEBITS EXECUTIONI DEMANDARI DEBENT. — Co. Litt. 289. 538. Those things which rarely happen are not rashly to be computed in transacting business. EA QC.E KARO ACCIDUNT KON TEMERE IN AGEKDIS NEGOTIIS COMPUTANTUB. — D. 50, 17, 64. 539. A sentence of transportation deprives of monetary consideration. EA SOLA niiPORTATIONIS SEKTEKTIA ACFERT QtTiE AD FISOUM PERVEKIRET. II. 42. 540. The same cause is argued upon diflFerent principles before ecclesiastical and secular judges. EADEM CACSA DIVERSIS RATT0SI3US CORAM .lUDIClBUS ECCLES- lASTlOIS ET SECULARIBUS VENTILATOR. — 2 Inst. 622. 541. The mind of the sovereign is presumed to be coin- cident with that of the law and with that which it ought to be, especially in ambiguous matters. EADEM MENS PRJCSU.MITUR REOIS Q0iE EST JURIS ET QU^ ESSE DEBET, PRiESERTIM IN DUBIIS. Hob. L54. 542. Behold, indeed, a wonder! that a woman has the king's writ without naming her husband, who by law is related to her. ECCE MODUM MIRUM ! QUOD FCEMINA PERT BREVE REGIS KON KOMINANDO VIRUM, CONJUNCTUM ROBORB LEGIS. — Co.Litt.lS2b. 543. A church ought not to pay tithes to a church. ECCLESIA ECCLESIiE DECIMAS SOLVERE NON DEBET. — OrO. El. 479. 544. The church is the mansion house of the omnipotent God. ECCLESIA EST DOMUS MANSIONALIS OMNIPOTENTIS DEI. — 2 Inst. 164. (67) Ec 645—553 Ei 645. The church is under age, and in the custody of the king, who is bound to uphold and defend its rights and inheritances. ECOLESIA EST INFRA ^TATEM, ET IN OUSTODIA DOMINI REGIS, QUI TENETUR JURA ET H^REDITATES EJUSDEM MANUTENBRE ET DEPENDEKE. — -11 Rep. 49. 546. The church enjoys the privilege of a minor: it can make its condition better, not worse. ECCLESIA FUKGITUR TIOE MINORIS : MELIOREM CONDITIOJTEM SUAM FAOERE POTEST, DETERIORBM KEQU^QUAM. — Co. Liu. 341. 547. The church is to be more favored than the parson. ECCLESIA MAJUS FATENDUM EST QUAM PARSONS. — God. Rq>. Can. 172. 548. The church may grow better, but it can not grow worse. ECCLESIA MELIORI, NON DETERIORI, POTEST. — 2 Eden, 313. 549. The church does not die. ECCLESIA NON MORITUB. — 2 Inst. 3. 550. The church is always under protection of the king. ECCLESIA SEMPER IN REGIS EST TOTELA. — H. 42. 551. The ordinance of the constitution is the decree of the ruler. • EDICTA MAGISTRATtJM CONSTITTJO PRINOIPIS. — Tayler, 118. 552. The effect follows the cause. EFFECTUS SEQITITCR CAUSAM. — Wing. 226. 553. The proof lies upon him who affirms, not upon him who denies ; since, by the nature of things, he who denies a fact can not produce any proof. EI INCUMBIT PKOBATIO QUI DK^IT, KON QUI NKGAT; CUM, PER BERUM NATTJBAM, FACTUM NEGAKTIS PROBAIIO NULLA SIT. — WliaH. (68) Ei 654-561 El 554. To whom nothingr is sufficient, to Mm nothing is base. EI KllUL TURPE, GUI NIHIL SATIS. i Inst. 53. 655. It is for the power that imposed the law through its legislature to interpret the law through its courts. EJUS EST INIEBPRETAni CUJTTS EST CONDEEE. — BrOOm, 148. 556. In one thing all things following shall be included, as granting, demanding, or prohibiting. — Noy. Max. 42. 557. He who has the right to elect to do a thing has also the right to refuse. EJUS EST NOLLE QUI POTEST TELLE. — Fcled. Leh. 2 tit. 34. 558. It is not for him to refuse who is able to be willing. EJUS EST NON NOLLE QUI POTEST VELLE. — H. 42. 559. He who has the dominion or advantage has also the risk. EJUS EST PERICULUM, EJUS EST DOMINIUM AUT COMMODUM. — Whart. 560. The necessity of obedience to an existing law is a sufficient extenuation of guilt before a civil trib- unal • EJUS NULLA CULPA EST CUI PABEBE NECESSE SIT. — BrOOm, 12n. 561. Election is an internal, free, and spontaneous sep- aration of one thing from another, without com- pulsion, consisting in intention and will. ELEOTIO EST INTERNA, LIBERA, ET SPONTANEA SEPARATIO UNIUS KEI AB ALIA, SINE COMPULSIONE, CONSISTENS IN ANIMO ET TOLUNTATE. — Di/er, 281. (09) El 562-569 Ep 562. Election once made, and plea witnessed, no recall can be suffered. ELECTIO SEMEL FACTA. ET PIACITUM TESTATUM, KON PATITUE REGKESSUM. — Co. Litt. 146. 563. Let elections be made rig^htly and freely, without any interruption. ELECTIONES FIANT RITE ET LIBEEE, SINE INTEKRUPTIONE ALIQUA. —2 Inst. 169. 564. The buying and selling is complete when the price is agreed upon. EMPTIO ET VENDITO COKTEAHITUB SIMULATQUB DE PEETIO COlf- VENEE7.T. — H. 43. 565. A purchaser buys as cheaply as he can; a seller sells as dearly as he can. EMPTOR EMIT QUAM MINTME POTEST; TENDITOR TBKDIT QUAM MAXIME POTEST. — Tray. 178. 566. In an exchange, it is desirable that the estates be equal. EN ESOHANGE, 11. COTIENT QUE LES ESTATES SOIENT EGALES. — Co. Litt. 50. 567. The part of the elder sister is always to be pre- ferred, on account of the privilege of age. ENITIA PARS SEMPER PR^FEEBNDA EST, PROPTER PEIVILEGIUM .ETATis. — Co. Liu. 165. 568. In the same way in which any thing is constituted, in that way it is destroyed. EODEM MODO QUO QUID COKSTITUITCR, EODEM MODO DESTRUITUE. — 6 Rep, 53. 569. An annual diary is a part of the English law. EPHEMERIS ANNUA PARS LEGIS ANGIJOAN.ffii. — H. 43. (70) Ep 570-678 ^ Es 570. A bishop need not obey any mandate, except the king's. EPISCOPnS ALTERItrs MANDATO QUAM REGIS KON TESETUR OB- TEMPERARB. Co. LUt. 134. 571. Varnished error is in many things more probable than naked truth ; and very frequently error con- quers truth by reasoning. ERROR FUCATUS NUDA TERITATE IN MULTIS EST PROBABILIOR; ET SjEpexdmero eationibus tinoit teritatem error. — 2 Sep. 73. 572. A clerical error can not take away equity. ERROR PLACITANDI iEQUITATEM NON TOLLIT. — H. 43. 573. An error which is not resisted is approved. ERROR QUI NON RESISTITUR APPROBATUR. Doct. and Stud. C. 70. 574. To refer errors to their principles is to refute them. ERRORES AD SUA PRINCIPIA REFBRRE EST REPELLERE. — 3 InSi. 15. 575. One thing shall inure for another. —Noy. Max. 214. 576. A clerical error ought to work no harm. BRROEBS SCRIBBNTIS NOCERE NON DEBET. — Jenlc. Cent. 324. 577. The law blushes when children correct their parents. EROBESCIT LEX FILIOS CASTIGARE PARENTES. — 8 Rcp. 116. 578. There are things which are not proper, even though permitted ; but whatever is not permitted, is cer- tainly not proper. EST ALIQUID QUOD NON OPORTBT, ETIAM SI LICET ; QUICQUID TEEO NON LICET, CBRTB NON OI'ORTET. — Hob. 159. (71) 579-587 Ex 579. It is the part of a good judge to extend Ms juris- diction. EST BONI JUDICIS AMPIJARI JUBISDICTIONEM. — H. 43. 580. There is something more than perfect in things allowed. EST QtTIDDAM PEKFECTIUS IN EEBns lAGVnS.-^Hob. 159. 581. Words make the plea. EST UNB MAXIME EN KOSTEE LET PAROLS ONT PLEA. — Yelv. 8arg. 582. The meeting of the minds of two or more in an agreement makes a contract. ET EST PACTIO DUOROM PLURUMQUE IN IDEM PLACITUM CON- SENSUS. — H. 43. 583. No argument can be drawn against the use of a thing from its abuse. EX ABUSU NON ARGUITUR AD USUM. — Br. 42. 584. When many join in one act, the law will construe it as the act of him who could best accomplish it. —Noy. Max. 38. 685. A passage will be best interpreted by reference to that which precedes and follows it. EX ANTBCEDENTIBUS ET CONSEQDENTIBOS PIT OPTIMA INTER- PRETATio. — 2 Inst. 173 {Broom, 577). 586. Infamy arises from crime, not from its punishment. EX DELICTO, NON EX SUFPLICIO, EMERGIT INFAMIA. — Whart. 687. After lapse of time all things are presumed to have been done properly. EX DIUTURNITATE TEMPOEIS OMNIA PR^SUMtTNTUR ESSE SOLEM- NiTUR ACTA. — Jsnk. Cent. 185. (72) Ex 688-597 Ex 588. By an acquittance for the last payment, all other arrearages are discharged. — Noy. Max. 40. 589. A right of action can not arise out of frand. EX DOLO MALO NON ORITUR ACTIO. — Cowp. 343 {Broom, 729). 590. The law arises from the deed. EX FACTO JUS ORITUS. 2 InSt. 49. 591. Punishment increases with increasing crime. ES FREQUENTI DELICTO AUGETUR PCBNA. — 2 Inst. 479. 592. In an arraignment for high treason, a confession in open court is equivalent to a verdict of con- viction and confiscation of goods, upon trial after plea of not guilty. EX JUDICORUM PUBLICORUM ADMISSIS, NON ALIAS TllANSEUNT ADVERSUS H^REDBS POBN/E BONORUM ADEMPTIONIS QUAM SI LIS CONTESTA ET CONDEMKATIO FUBRIT SECUTA EXCEPTO MAJESTATIS JUDICIO. — S. 44. 593. From a tort no contract can arise. EX MALEFICIO NON ORITUR CONTRACTUS. — Whart. 594. Good laws arise from evil manners. EX MALIS MORIBUS BONjE LEGES NATjE SUNT. — 2 Tnst. 161. 595. True identity is collected from a number of signs. EX MULTITUDINB SIGNORUM COLLIGITUR IDENTITAS VERA. — Bacon. 596. No action arises from a naked submission. EX NUDA SUBMISSIO NON ORITUR ACTIO. — G. 143. 597. Xo cause of action arises from a bare promise. EX NUDO PACTO NON ORITUR ACTIO. — Not/. MoX. 24 (Broom, 745). (7.3) Ex 598-607 Ex 598. No action will arise from an illegal contract. EX PACTo iLLiciTO NON OMTUR ACTIO. — Bromn, 742. 599. Ton can imply many things from few expressions. EX PAUCIS DICTIS INTENDEEE TLURIMA POSSIS. — Litt. S. 884. 600. The best interpretation is made from the context. EX PR^CBDKNTIBUS ET CONSEQtJENTIBUS OPTIMA FIT INTERPRE- TATIO.— 1 Bol. R. 374. 601. He who derives advantage from any one ought to bear that person's obligations. EX QUA PERSONA QUIS LUCRUM CAPIT EJUS FACTUM PR^STARB DEBET. — H. 45. * 602. Let the resolution arise from the whole case. ' . - EX TOTA MATERIA EMERGAT BESOLUTIO. — Wing. 238. 603. No action arises from an inic|.uitous cause. EX TURPI CAUSA NON ORITUR ACTIO. — Broom, 730, n 5. 604. An exchange naturally creates a warranty. EXCAMBIUM NATURALITER TULT IN SE WAREANTIUM. — 22 Vin. Ab. 26. 605. He who claims a thing by a superior title shall neither gain nor lose by it. — Noy. Mao:. 11. 606. Exchange can not exist among three parties. EXCAMBIUM NON POTEST INTER TRES PARTES DATUR. — H. 43. 607. There is no exception of that thing of which the dissolution is sought. EXCEPTIO EJUS REI CUJUS PETITUR DISSOLUTIO NULLA EST. Jenk. Cent. 37. (74) Ex 608-618 Ex 608. A plea denying a fact is only to be put in when all formal objections have failed. EXCEPTIO FALSI OMNIUM ULTIMA. — Whart. 609. An exception affirms the rule to be the reverse of what is claimed. EXCEPTIO FIRMAT EEGULAM IN CONTEARIUM. BaC. Aph. 17. 610. There is no plea against an action which entirely destroys the plea. EXCEPTIO NULLA EST VERSUS ACTIONEM QU^ EXCEPTIONEM PEEIMIT. — Jenk. Cent. 106. 611. An exception proves the rule concerning things not excepted. EXCEPTIO PROBAT REGULUM DB REBUS NON EXCEPTIS. — 11 Sep. ild. 612. An exception which confirms the law expounds the law. EXCEPTIO qVJE FIRMAT LEGEM EXPONIT LEGEM. — Trat/. 199. 613. An exception is always to be put last. EXCEPTIO SEMPER ULTIMA POKEKDA EST. — 9 Hep. 53 J Noy, Max. 54. 614. Other things being equal, the exception declares the rule. EXCEPTIO QUOQUE REGULAM DECLAEAT. — BaC. Aph. 17. See ante. Maxim 611. 615. He who comes out of his minority becomes a legal person. EXCESSIT EX EPHEBIS EST PERSONA. JRUey, 114. 616. The common law condemns excess in law or in any thing else. EXCESSUS IN JURE AUJ KE QUALIBET REPROBATUR COMMUNI. — 9 Bep. 44, 53. (75) Ex 617-623 Ei 617. He who excuses before he is accused overwhelm- ingly establishes his own guilt. EXCESSnS NON PETITA EXOCSATIO MANIFESTA FIT. 618. Some things are to be construed according to the end thereof. ^Noy. Max. 7. As if a man warned to answer a matter In a writ, there he shall not answer to any other matter than is contained in the writ, for tltat was the end of his coming.— See Co* Litt. 1, 3. 619. Every legitimate act is forbldeen an excommuni- cated person ; he can not act or sue by any per- son, although he may be sued by others. EXCOMMmnCATO INTERUIOITUR OMKIS ACTUS LEGITIMITS, ITA QUOD AGERE NON POTEST, NEC ALIQITEM CONTENIRE, LICET IPSE AB ALUS POSSIT COKVENIEE. — Co. Litt. 139. 620. That may excuse or palliate a wrongful act in capital cases which would not have the same ef- fect in civil injuries. EXC0SAT ATJT EXTENUAT DELICTUM IN CAPITALIBUS QUOD NON OPEKATUR IDEM IN OIVILIBUS. — Bac. Max. 415. 621. He is excused who does not bring his claim, if, during the whole period in which it ought to have been brought, he has been beyond sea for any reason. EXCUSATOB QUIS QUOD CLAMEUM NON OPPOSUEEIT, UT SI TOTO TEMPORE LITIon FUIT ULTRA MARE QUACUKQUA OCCASIONE. —Go. Litt. 260. 622. Execution is the perforlnailce of the law according^ to judgment. EXBCUTIO EST EXECUTIO LEGIS SECUNDUM JUDICIUM. — JE[. 45. 623. The law will not, in its executive capacity, work a wrong. EXECUTIO JURIS NON HABET INJURIAM. — 2 InSt. 482. (76) Ex 624-633 Ex 624. Execution is the execution of the law according to judgement. EXECUTIO EST EXECUTIO JUBIS SECUNDTTM JDDICIDM.' — 3 InSt. 212. 625. Execution is the end and fruit of the law. EXECCTIO EST FINIS ET EEUCTUS LEGIS. — Co. Lift. 289. 626. The execution of the law does no injury. EXECDTIO JURIS NON HABET INjnRIAM. — 2 Sol. Sep. 301. 627. Examples illustrate, but do not restrain, the law. EXEMPLA ILLtlSTRANT, KON RESTRINGUKT, LEGEM. — Co. Lift. 240. 628. Examples do not restrict the rule, but speak of the cases which most frequently occur. EXEMPLA KON RESTRINGUKT REGTJLAM, SED I.OQtTDNTUR DE CAS- iBCs CBEBRIORIB0S. — Tray. 201. 629. Exile is a privation of country— a change of natal soil— a loss of native laws. EXILIUM EST PATBI^a; PRIVATIO — NATALIS SOU MUTATIO — LEGUM NATIVARUM AMISSO. — 7 Rep. 20. 630. The conclusion proves the fact: the termination of the fight, not the fight, gives the victory. EXITIS ACTA PROBAT : FINIS, NON PDGNA, CORONAT. — Br. 43. 631. It is to the interest of the state that no one misuse his own possessions. EXPEDIT REIPUBLIC^ NE SUA RE QUIS MALE UTATUR. — BrOOm, 365. 632. Experience by various acts makes law. EXPEBIENTIA PER YARIOS ACTUS LEGEM FACIT. — Co. Lilt. 60. 633. That exposition which springs from the vitals of a cause is the fittest and most powerful in law. EXPOSITIO QU^ EX TISCERIBUS CAUS/B NASCITOR EST OPTISSIMA ET FORTISSIMA IN LEGE. — 10 Co. 24. (77) Ex 634-641 Ex 634. Tilings expressed do harm; things unexpressed hurt not. EXPRESSA nocent; non expeessa kok nocent. — D. 15, 17, 195. 635. The expression of things, of which, if unexpressed, one would have the henefit, is useless. EXPRESSA NON POSSUNT QU^ NON EXPRESSA PRODEBCNT. 4 Bep. 73. 636. The expression of what is tacitly implied is inop- erative. EXPRESSIO EORtIM QUjE TACITE IKSUNT KIHIL OPERATUR. — 2 Inst. 365 {Broom, 669). 637. The express mention of one thing implies the ex- clusion of another. EXPRESSIO UNIUS EST EXCLT7SI0 ALTERIITS. — Co. Lilt. 210a. f Broom, 651). 638. The expression of a thing puts an end to tacit im- plication. EXPRESSUM FACIT OESSARE TACITUM. — Tray. 202. 639. Let service expressed rule or declare what is silent. EXPRESSUM SERVITUM REGAI VEL DECLARAT TACITUM. — Bocon. 640. A foreigner has no lands, but only his personal effects, as well as his life and his liberty. EXTERNUS NON HABET TERRAS, HABET RES SUAS, ET TITAM ET LIBEBTATEM. — H. 46. 641. Extortion is a crime, when by color of office any person demands that which is not due, or above due, or before the time when it is due. BXTORTIO EST CRIMEN, QUANDO QUIS COLORE OFFICII EXTOR- QUET QUOD NON EST DEBITUM, TEL SUPRA DEBITUM, VEL ANTE TEMPUS QUOD EST DEBITUM. — 10 Hep. 10(2. (78) Ex 642—649 Ev 642. He who is placed out of the law is civilly dead. EXTKA LEGEM POSITOS EST CITILITEU MORTUUS. — Co. Litt. 130. 643. One can not with impunity obey one executing justice beyond his province or jurisdiction. EXTRA TERRITOEIUM JUS DICENTI IMPUNE NON PARETUR ; IDEM EST, ET SI SUPRA JURISDICTIONEM SWAM TELIT JUS DICERB. —H. 46. 644. A foreigner is a subject who is bom out of the territory, that is to say, out of the government, of the king, EXTKANEUS EST SUBDITUS QUI EXTRA TEERAM, I. E., POTESTATEM REGIS, NATUS EST. — 7 Rep. 16. 645. Bather suffer extremities than do things infamous. EXTREMA POIIUS PATI QUAM TURPIA PA(;TI. — TI. 46. 646. Extremes being proved, those things which fall within or between them are presumed. EXTREMIS PBOBATIS, PR^StJMUNTUR MEDIA. — Tray. 207. 647. An obligation which has been sealed in due form is extinguished if it fall into that situation front which it can not arise. EXTINGUITUR OBLIGATIO QUE RITE CONSTITERET SI IK EUM CASUM ISCIDERIT A QUO INCIPERE KON POTUIT. — H. 46. 648. The sentence of one adjudicating beyond his ter- ritory can not be obeyed with impunity. EXTRA TERRITOBIUM JUS DICENTI NON PARETUB IMPDXE. — 10 Rep. 77. 649. A new matter always produces divers new events. ETENTUS VARIOS RES NOYA SEMPER HABET. — Co. Litt. 379. (79) Fa 650-658 Fa 650. Youth is very liable to err. FACILIS EST LAPSUS JUTENTTJTIS. — Jenh. Cent. 47. 651. Guilt makes equal those whom it stains. FACINUS QtTOS INQtJINAT EQtJAT. — Whart. 652. Deeds are more powerful than words. FACTA SUNT POTENTIORA VERBIS. — WhaH. 653. Deeds contain many thing^s which are prohibited to be done. PACTA TENBKT MULTA qiUM FIEEI PROHIBENTHB. — 12 Bep. 125. 654. An action of a judgre which relates not to his office is of no force. FACTUM A JUDICE QUOD AD EJUS OFPIOIUM NON SPECTAT NON RATUM EST.— 10 Bq>. 76 {D. 50, 17, 170). 655. A thing once done can not be undone, FACTUM IKFECTUM FIERI NEQUIT. — I Kames' Eq. 96. 656. There is no proof incumbent on him who denies a fact, FACTUM NEGAKTIS NULLA PROBATIO SIT. — Cod. 4, 19, 23. 657. That is not called a deed which does not continue operative. FACTUM NON DICITUR QUOD NON PERSEVERAT.^5 Rep. 396. 658. The deed of one should not hurt another. FACTUM UNIUS ALTEEI KOCERE NON DEBET. Co. LiU. 152. (80) Fa 659-667 Fa 659. The faculty of proofs is not to be narrowed. PACUI.TAS PROBATIOXUM NON EST ANGtTSTANDA. 4 Inst. 279. 660. A false description is not fatal to a legracy. FALSA DEMONSTRATIONE LEOATUM NON PEKIRI. — Broom, 645. 661. Here false description does not make an instru- ment inoperative. FALSA DEMONSTRATio KON NocET. — 6 T. R. 676 {Broom, 629). 662. Bad spelling or bad grammar does not vitiate a grant. FALSA ORTHOGKAPHIOA SITE FALSA GBAMMATIOA NON TITIAT CONCESSIONEM. — 9 Bep. 48. FALSA GRAMMATICA NON TITIAT CHARTAM. BrOOm, 686 (m). 663. False in one thing, false in all. FALSO IN UNO, FALSUS IN OMNIBUS. WJmrt. 664. Fame is the constant opinion of good men concern- ing a thing. FAMA EST CONSTANS TIRORUM BONORUM DB KE ALIQUA OPINIO. —H. 47. 665. Fame, faith, and eyesight do not suffer a cheat. FAMA, FIDES, ET OCDLOS NON PATIUKTUB LUDUM. — 3 Bulst 226. 666. Beport, which includes suspicion, ought to arise from good and grave men ; not indeed from male- volent and malicious men, but from cautious and credible persons; not only once, but frequently; for clamor diminishes, and defamation manifests. FAMA, QUiE SUSPICIONEM INDUCIT, OBIBI DEBET APUD BONOS ET GRATES; NON QUIDEM MALETOLOS ET MALEDICOS, BED PHOT- IDAS ET FIDE DIGNAS PERSONAS j NON SEMEL, SED SiEPlUS ; QUIA CLAMOR MINUIT, ET DEFAMATIO MANIFESTAT. — 2 Inst. 52. 667. He who flees judgment confesses his guilt. FATETUB FACINUS QUI JUDICIUM FUGIT. — 3 InSt. 14. (81) Fa 668-675 Fe 668. Things favorably considered in law are the treas- ury, dower, life, and liberty. FAVORABILIA IN LEGE SUNT FISCUS, DOS, VITA, LIBERTAS. — Jenlc. Cent. 94. 669. Accused persons are held more favorably than ac- cusers. PATORABILIOEES BBI POTICTS QUAM AOT0RE3 HABENTUR. — H. 47. 670. Executions are preferred to all other processes whatever. FATOKABILIORES SUNT EXECUTIONES ALUS PROCESSIBUS QUIEUS- cuNQUE. — Go. Liu. 289. 671. Accusers are held more favorably than inter. venors. FAVORABILIORES TAM AUCTORES EEI POTIUS AUCTORES QUAM INTERTENIOEES HABENTUR. — Riley, 47. 672. Favors are to be enlarged ; hateful things are to be restrained. FAVORES AMPLIANDI SUNT; ODIA RESTRINGENDA. Jenk. Cent. 186. 673. Felony, by force of the term, signifies any capital crime perpetrated with a malignant mind. FELONIA, EX 71 TERMINI, SIGNIFICAT QUODLIBBT CAPIIALE CRIMEN FELLEO ANIMO PERPETBATUM. — Co. LUt. 391. 674. A fee is that which one holds from any cause, whether tenement or rent. FEODUM EST QUOD QUIS TENET EX QUACUNQUE CAUSA, SITE SIT TENEMENTUM, SITE REDITUS. — Co. Litt. 1. 675. A simple fee can not depend upon a simple fee. FEODUM SIMPLEX EX FEODO SIMPLICI PENDERB NON POTEST. — £r. 47. (82) Fe 678-685 Pi 676. In almost all criminal trials, let allowance be made for youth and imprudence. FERE IN OMNIUns PCENAUBUS JCDICIIS, ET jETATI ET IMPRU- DKNTI/E SnCCtJBITUR. — H. 147. 677. Hasty justice is the stepmother of misfortune. TESTINATO JUSTITI^ EST KOVEREA IKFORTUNII. — Hob. 97. 678. Lands held in fee are reduced to the character of a patrimony or succession. FEUDA AD INSTAR PATRIMONIUM SDNT KEDUCTA. — Tray. 213. 679. Let law prevail, though justice fail. FIAT JUS, RUAT jnSTITIA. — Wlmrt. 680. Let right be done, though the heavens fall. FIAT JUSTITIA, RTTAT COELUM. — Whart. 681. Let it be done even as it is accustomed to be done ; let nothing be innovated rashly. FIAT PROrr FIERI CONSDERIT ; KIL TEMERE NOVANDUM. Jenk. Cent. 116. 682. Fiction is against the truth; but, nevertheless, is to be esteemed truth. FICTIO EST CONTRA VEKITATEM J SED PRO TERITATB HABETUE. Br. 127 683. Fiction yields to truth. Where there is truth, fic- tion of law exists not. FICTTO CEBIT VEBITATI. FICTIO JDRI3 NON EST UBI VERITAS. —Tayler, 151. 684. A fiction of law shall injure or damnify nobody. FICTIO LEGIS INIQUE OPERATUR ALICUI DAMNUM VEL INJURIAM. —Broom, 122. 685. Faith is an obligation of conscience of one to the will of another. FIDES EST OBLIGATIO COSSCIENTI^ ALICUJCS AD INTENTIONEM ALTERios. — Bacon. (83) Fi 686—692 Fl 686. Filiation can not be proved. But see 7 and 8 Vict. c. 101. riLXATIO NON POTEST PROBARI. — Co. lAtt. 126. 687. A son appears to be in the family of the father, and not of the mother. FILIUS CONSTAT ESSE IN FAMILIA PATKIS, ET KON MATRIS. 7Vay.2]8. So tlie father, and not the mother. In Scotland. Is responsible for the sons' debts.— ITraseb, Paeent and Child, 99, 688. A son in the mother's womb is a part of the mother's vitals. FIHTJS IN 0TEKO MATRIS EST PARS TISCERUM MATRIS. — 7 Jiep. 8. 689. A final concord is that by which an end is put to the business, from which end neither litigant can recede. PINIS TALIS CONCORDIA FINALIS DICITUR EO QUOD FINEM IM- PONIT NEGOTIO, ADEO QUOD NEUTRA PARS LITIGAKTIUM, AB EO DE C^TERO POTEST RECEDERE. — Co. Litt. 121. 690. The end of one day is the beginning of another. FINIS CNIUS DIEI EST PRINCIPIUM ALTERIUS. — BuUt.^Qb. 691. The operation of the law is firmer and more pow- erful than the disposition of man. FIRMIOR ET POTENTIOR EST OPERATIO LEGIS QUAM DISPOSITIO HOMINIS. — Co. Litt. 102. 692. Since rivers and ports are public, the right of fish- ing is common to all. FLUMINA ET PORTAS PUBLICA SUNT, IDEOQUE JUS PISCAKDI OMNIBUS COMMUNE EST. — Whart. (84) Fo 693—700 Fo 693. Women are removed from all civil and public of- fices. Likewise those under age ought to abstain from all civil offices. rffiMlNJE AB OMNIBUS OPFIOIIS CIVIBUS VEL PUBLIOIS REMOTiE SUNT. ITEM IMPUBES OMNIBUS CIVILIBUS OFFICIIS DEBET AB- STINEKE. — H. 48. 694. Women are not admissible to public offices. But see Olive aad Ingram, 7 Mod. 263, where a woman was elected to tlie office of sexton ; or governor of a workhouse, Anon. 2 Ld. Baym. 1014; or an overseer, Rex v. Stubbs, 27 K. 395. F(BMINA NON SUNT CAPACES DE PUBLICIS OFFICIIS. — Jenk. Cent. 237. 695. The form of a thing gives existence to the thing. FOHMA DAT ESSE. — 2 RajJ. 329. 696. The legal form is the essential form. FORMA LEGALIS FORMA ESSENTIALIS. — 10 Rep. 100. 697. Where the form is not observed the illegality of the act is inferred. FORMA NON OBSERVATA INFERTUR ADNULLATIO ACTUS. — 12 Rep. 7. 698. A forestaller is an oppressor of the poor, and a public enemy of the whole community and county. FORSTELLABIUS EST PAUPERUM DEPRESSOR, ET TOTIUS COMMUNI- TAIIS ET PATRI.E PUBLICUS INIMICUS. — 3 Inst. 196. 699. The custody of the law is stronger than that of man. FORTIOR EST CCSTODIA LEGIS QUAM HOMINIS. — 2 Rol. Rep. 325. 700. The disposition of the law is stronger and more just than that of man. FORTIOR ET JSQUIOR EST DISPOSITIO LEGIS QUAM HOMINIS. Co. Lilt. 234. Sometimes quoted, " fortlor et poteutlor."— Vld. Broom, 697, 688. (85) Fo 701-710 rr 701. The strongest arms in the field are weak, if there is not wisdom in the council at home. POKTIUS SUNT FORIS ARMA, KISI EST CONSILltlM DOMI. — Cic. 702. They make fortune a judge. PORTDNAM FAOIUNT JUDIOEM. — Co. Litt. 167. 703. The law takes no account of a part of a day. PRACTIONEM DIE NON KECIPIT LEX. — L. 572. 704. Let faith be broken to him who breaks faith. PRANRENTI PIDEM FIDES FKANGATUR EIDEM. — WhaH. 705. A brother shall not succeed a uterine brother in the paternal inheritance. But see 3 and i Wm. IV. u. 106, § 9, Broom, 430. PRATER FRATRI TJTERIUS KON SUCCEDET IN H^REDITATE PATERNA. — WhaH. 706. The civil law regards the intention, rather than the event, as material in inferring fraud. PRAUDIS INTERPRETATIO SEMPER IN JURE OIVILII, NON EX ETENTU DUNTAXAT, SED EX CONCILIO QUOQUE DESIDERATUR. — H. 49. 707. Fraud concludes from ecLuity. FRAUS jEQUITATI PRiEJUDICAT. — H. 49. 708. Fraud does not dissolve, but binds, perjury. PRAUS ADSTEINGIT, NON DISSOLVIT, PERJURIAM. — H. 49. 709. The fraud of the ancestor does not injure his suc- cessor. PRAUS AUCTORis NON NOOBT sucoESsoRi. — Tray. 222. 710. It is fraud to conceal fraud. PRAUS EST CELARE FRAUDEM. — 1 Vem. 270. (86) Fr 711-721 Fr 711. Fraud is odious and not to be presumed. FRAUS EST ODIOSA ET KON PBiESUMENDA. — Cro. Car. 550. 712. Fraud and deceit ought not to benefit any person. PRAUS ET DOLUS NEMINI PATROCINARI DEBENT. — 3 Rep. 78. 713. Fraud and justice never dwell together. PRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANT. Wing. 680. 714. Fraud lies hid in general expressions. FRAUS LATET IN GEKERALIBUS. — Whart. 715. Fraud is most odious to law. FRAUS LEGIBU3 INVISISSIMA. — H. 49. 716. Fraud merits fraud. FRAUS MERETUR PRAUDEM. — Branch Max. 717. The freoLueney of an act operates much in its favor. FREQUENTIA ACTUS MULTUM OPERATUR. 4 Rep. 78; W. 192. 718. Fruits enhance an inheritance. FRUCTUS AUGENT H^BEDITATEM. — D. A. 3, 20, 81. 719. An event is vainly expected whose effect never follows. FRUSTRA EXPECTATUR EVENTUS CUJUS EFFECTUS NULLUS SEQ- uiTUR. — 5 Co. Eccl. L. 720. Vainly does he who offends against the law seek the help of the law. FRUSTRA LEGIS AUXILIUM QU^RIT QUI IN LEGEM COMMITTIT. Broom, 279. 721. That is done in vara by the many which may be accomplished by the few. FRUSTRA FIT PER PI.URA QUOD FIERI POTEST PER PAUCIORA. — Jmh. Ce»<. 68; TT. 177; (?. 161. (87) Fr 722-730 Ge 722. Vainly you beg what you may yourself and at once force to be restored. PKUSTRA PETIS QUOD STATIM ALTERI REDDERB COGEEIS. — Jenh. Cent. 256. 723. That thing is proved in vain which, when proved, is not relevant. FUUSTEA PKOBATUR QUOD PEOBATUM NON EELEVAT. — H. 50. 724. A madman has no will. PUEIOSUS NULLA TOLUNTAS EST. — Dig. 50, 17, 40. 725. A madman is like a man who is absent. FURiosus ABSENTis LOCO EST. — 4 Rep. 126; D. 50, 17, 124, g 1. 726. A madman can contract no business. FUBIOSUS NULLUM NEGOTIUM CONTEAHERE POTEST. — H. 63. 727. A madman is punished by his own insanity. FURIOSUS SOLO FURORE PUNITUR. — Co. Lltt. 247. Therefore, punishment is not to be Inflicted for acts committed by one devoid of reason. 728. A madman who knows not what he does can not enter into bargains or transact business. FURIOSUS STIPULARE NOK POTEST NEC ALIQUID NEGOTIUM AGERE, QUI KON INTELLIGIT QUID AGIT. — 4 Bep. 126. 729. That is not a theft of a thing where the com- mencement of its detention arises through the act of its owner. FURTUM NON EST UBI INITIUM HABET DETENTIONIS PEE DOM- INUM EEI. — 3 Inst. 107. a 730. A thing said in a general sense is to be understood generally. GENERALB DICTUM GENEEALITEB EST INTELLIGENDUM. — H. 50. (88) Ge 731-739 Ge 731. In things to be understood generally nothing cer- tain is involved. GENERALE NIHIL CERTI IMPLICAT. — W. 164. 732. Specialties follow generalities. GBNBRALIA PBjECEDUNT, SPECIALIA SEQCONTUB. — H, 50. 733. Generalities are not derogatory to specialities. GENEKALIA SPECIALIBUS NON DEKOGANT. — JenJc. Cent. 120J. 734. General rules are to be generally understood. GENEKALIS REGITLA GENEEALITER EST INTELLIGENDA. — 6 Jtep. 65. 735. Words of generality are to be generally understood. GENERALIA VERBA SUNT GENEEALITER INTELLIGENDA. — BrOOm, 647. 736. In an exchange both the estates must be equal. — Noy. Max. 61. 737. Special things are derogatory to general, GENEEALIB0S SPECIALIBUS DEEOGANT. — H. 50. 738. Three things needful and pertaining to every deed are, writing, sealing, and delivering. ^Noy. Max. 54. 739. A general clause is not extended to those things which have been previously narrated or described. GEXERALIS CLAUSULA NON POKRIGITUB AD EA QUiB ANTEA SPECIALITEE SUNT OeMPBEHENSA. — 8 Bep. 154. (89) Ge 740—745 Or 740. A liberty is a royal privilege in the hands of a snb- ject. — Noy. Max. 48. 741. General favor does not exempt treason and homi- cide from punishment. GENERALIS GRATIA PRODITIONEM ET HOMICIDUM NON EXCIPIT P