1^1 CORNELi: c % UNIVERSITY ^^-^5 LIBRARY F 127 .C8C53 ""'"""* '""'"^ 3 1924 025 959 200 The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http ://www. arch i ve . o rg/detai Is/cu31 924025959200 COLUMBIA OOUNTT BUSINESS VIBECTOBY. Cancers Cured! DR. KIiTgSLEY, Has discovored a perfect cnre for Cancers without tlie use of the knife. Thonsanda of cases cured can testify to the efficacy of this plan of treatment. This preparation will destroy the specific nature of most Cancel's in from ten to sixty minutes. Bven in those large Cancerous aifections of the, breast, from which so many females die annually, my speciic is ectually as effectual as in those smaller surface Cancers. Ninety-nine out of ii hundred of all those persons who lia-ve died from Cancer, could easily have been cured. Cancer has been considered from time immemorial the greatest scourge of the human race ; but the time will come when all shall see that it is as remediable as any other dis- ease. At the same time remedies arc ^ven to purifj[ the blood and fortify the system against a renewed attack. In all cases, if the Cancer is not too far advanced, a perfect cure is warranted, or no charge. Most persons are greatly deceived in regard to the first symptoms and appearance of Cancer, considering it veiy painfull from the commenoeineut. This is a sad mistake, (canning the death of thousands,) there being but little or no pain until the Cancer is far advanced. The only symptoms for months, and in some cases even ibr years, is occa- sionally either a stinging, itching, smarting, burning, creeping or shooting sensation, and in some cases not oven any of these. Nearly all of those kernels or lumps that occur in the female breast, and also those unnatural appearances in the form of crustsor warty excrescence, whicli appear in either sex on the face, lips, nose, eye lids, orany other part of the surface, are cancers. Cancer is very easily ciii-ed in its early stage, conse(}uently it is of the veiy greatest importance that alj thus afllicted should havi^ immediate treal- ment ; as thousands of very valuable lives have been lost from pure neglect, having been misguided by physicians having no knowledge of the disease, who, by calling it Scrofula, Erysipelas, Salt Rheum or some other non-terrifying disease, lull this unfortunate clas.s in the cradle of ignorance, until upon the veiy verge of death, when, to hide such ignor- ance, the physician tells the patient that it has finally turned to Cancer, and cannot be cured; There is no such thing as turning to Cancer. Whatever ends in Cancer, began in Cancer. Be no longer deceived. If yon have the slightest suspicion of trouble, seek immediate relief and thereby presei-vo life. Consumption, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma, Heart Disease, Dyspepsia, Liver Com- plaint, Fits, St. Vitus' Dance, Neuralgia, Scald Head, Piles, Tape Worms, or Worms of^ny kind, all Diseases of the Skin, Pimples, Scrofula or King's Evil, Fever Bores, Spinal Diseases, Rheumatism, Qoiit, Dropsy, Diabetes, Kidney Diseases, Gravel, and all Diseases peculiar to Males or Females, successfully treated. Warts, Corns, Bunions, Moles, Wens, Birth-Marks, Tumors &c., removed. Especial attention given to the treatment of Crooked Feet, Legs, Arms, Spine, Neck, and all other deformities. Cross Eyes straightened, Hare-Lips cured by an entirely new plan of oper- ating. Operations for Stone in the Bladder, Polypus, Strangulated Hernia, Fistula, or the cure of False and Crooked Joints, and all detbimities of the Eye Lids, Nose, Lips, Neck &c., resulting from Burns or Wounds, performed upon the most scientilic princi- ples. All Diseases of the Eye and Ear treated with very great success. ,, Especial attention given to the treatment of all diseases originating from the errors o f misguided Youth. . Patients fi'om a distance, except in Surgical and Cancer cases, by sending a full des- cription of their symptoms, can have medicines sent by Mail or Express, and be treated at home. All letters promptly answered, and medicines ordered, immediately forwarded. The Doctor is a graduate with an experience of over fourteen years In the practice of medicine, twelve of which have been spent in Rome. N. B.— AH persons troubled with Asthma should send for Dr. Kiugsley's ASTHMA SPECIFIC, which is warranted to relieve any case or money refunded. Send for DR. KINGSLEY'S AGUE SPECIFIC, which is purely vegetable and never fails to cure. All troubled with a Cough of any Itind should be sure to send for DR. KINGSLEY'S COUGH BALSAM, which cures as by magic. For Further Particulars, Write the Doctor. COLUMBIA COUN'fT BUSINESS DIRECT OllY. WILLIAilS k Looms, Hillsdale Iron Foundiy, MANUFACTURERS OF THE HILLSDALE IRON BEAM PLOW, (Wai-vnntetl superior to any I'low in market.) Also Mannfactnrors of all kinds ol Plow Castings, Cultivators, &c. JOBBING DONE TO ORDER. Hillsdale, Columbia County, N. Y. CASPER WILLIAMS. JOSEPH H, LOOMIS. DEALER IN HATS, CAPS & FURS, 283 Warren Street, Hudson, N. Y. An Extensive and Elegant Assortment of Hats, Caps and Straw Goods, Of the latest styles, logotlier with a complete stock of Furs in Every Variety! AT ZOWESr MA'RKJET T^JCSS. tPlJ NTY. M.Y. to accoiiipaiiv CH1LJ)S GAZKTTEER^t^D^HKCT011V. tH Scale 9*0 of 1 incK to tKe Mile. Weed, Parsons & Co Albairy B Y 13TJ G liL ES IE" The Superiority of the Priuciples and Mechanism of tbis Machine, have earned for it its Eeputation as the Most Perfect and Most Diiralile Harvester in tlie WorM ! Sizes and Prici's (o Suit all Classes of Farmers. ] Thu HIGH STANDARD of EXCELLENCE IN MATERIAL and WORKMAN- i SHIP MAINTAINED, and VALUABLE IMPROVEMENTS ADDED. j ■ MANUFACTURED BY ADRIAI^CE, PLATT ^ CO.,; 165 Greenwich Street, Neur Courtlendt. MaiiBiiactory, - JPossgiskfepsie, i\'. Y descriptive Circtdars J^orwarded bj' Mail. f 1^ t\ -em. i F> ?^ T A K L 5 !^ M E » I jV 1 8 7 O ftHR .1 & ODD FELLOWS BUILDING, CHATHAM VILLAGE, N. Y., \\ here they niny be round at all times prepared to manufacture IIARNESS of every style, from t!iIItaECTOKY. Canaan.—Frisbee, Samnel, (Canaan,) post master. LEAVENWORTH, EDWIN W., (Canaan Four Corners,) hotel keeper, post master and farmer 90. Cbatbam,— BROWM, W. L., (Chatham,) farmer 70. Jones, James W., (Chatham Village,) farmer. RIDER, HENRY W., (East Chatham,) (Eider & Palmer,) and iieiO. Luther,) farmer 120. Otaattaam VlUaae.— BAME, O. H.,(W. B. Bamet db Co.,)new8 dealer. BARNES, W. H. & CO., (0. H. Barne,) wholesale and reuil druggists, Main. HAMM, H. C, {Tyler & Hamm.) •It may be safely assumed that Assessors do not retarn one-half of existing values of Real and Personal Estate, and that Stock and Farming Utensils pay no tax. BBSA.TA—C0UNT7 OFFICESS. Miller, John H., general agent for "Torrey's Magic Cure," for all dieeaeeB of the feet. Orders by mail promptly attended to. •TTLBR & HAMM, (£. .4. Tyler and H. C. Hamm,) dry goods, groceries, crockery &c., props. Union Store. Sommera, J., clothing, Main, succeeds S. HofKnan. TTLBR, L. A., (.Tyler it Hamm.) ♦OTtlON 8T0BB, dry goods, groceries, crockery &c., Tyler & Hamm, props. Glaverack,— Van Rensselaer, 8. V. C, (HnmphreysTllle,) post master and farmer leases of John C. Byerts, 127. Oallatln.— Iiown, Chas. H., (Gallatinville,) farmer 96. Snyder, John F., (Gallatinvllle,) mail carrier and farmer 80. WEAVEB, EDWARD I., (BlizavUle,) deputy sheriff and firmer 100. Ghent.— YOSBUROH, ABRAM, (Ghent,) inspector of turnpikes and farmer 130. Creenport.— *WILDEY, D. C, (Hudson,) nursery agent. Hllladale.— AD8IT, CHAS., (Green Birer,) saw mill and farmer 800. CEI8TIB, JAMBS B., (Hillsdale,) inspector of turnpikes and farmer 271. Hunt, Butzen, (Hillsdale,) inspector of turnpikes and farmer 460. Hudson.— Austin, O. W., deputy sheriff, house 295 Warren. Holmes, Lemuel, loan commissioner, house U Union. Longley, Levi F., deputy county clerk. IilTlngston.- Stickle, Wm., (ElizaTille,) post master. Nenr Ijebanon.- Loudon, George, (West Lebanon,) farmer 60. Coluinbia County Officers. Coroners. p. O. ADDRESS McGill, Wm Clermont Vosburgh, A. G Hudson Wilber, Eussell D Stuyvesant County Clerk. Terry, BdwlnC .Hudson . Longley , Levi P. , Deputy Hudson County Judge. Feck, Darius Hudson County Treasurer. Clark, BichardF Hudson Court Crier. * Dorr, PalmerC District Attorney. Longley, John B Hudson Inspectors of Turnpikes. CriBtle, James B Hillsdale Hunt, Butzen Hillsdale Vosbnrgh, Abram Ghent Justices of Sessions. Ferguson, James C Spencertown Bookefeller, Philip Germautown Iioan Commissioners. p. 0. ADDBBSS Bump, Jacob S Spencertown Holmes, Lemuel Hudson Sckool Commissioners. Smith, Hiram K West Taghkanick Winslow, Hiram Green Biver Sherlfl*. Ham, Stephen W Hudson Under Sheriff. Wattles, Alfired Hudson DSPUTT Sheritpb. Austin, G. W Hudson Hoysradt, Henry A Binderhook Robinson, Nicholas Copake Snyder, Henry S .Harlemville Shufelt, Geo; H Chatham Village Waterbury, Chas Hndson Weaver, Edward I Blizaville Superintendents of Poor. Hanor, H. M Myers, Samuel L Taghkanick Sweet, FylerD Copaka Surrogate. McClellan, Hugh W Hndson 12 OENESAL CONTENTS— INDEX TO BUSINESS DISECTOBT. GENERAL CONTENTS. , FADE Almanac or Calendar for 20 years , 62 Brilliant Whitewash 59 BuBiness Directory ; 186-301 Capacity of CisternB or Wells 58 Census Keport 332-333 Chemical Barometer ■ 59 Classlfled Easiness Directory 303-331 County Oiflcers ..i..... ■.:.;'..,. i 11 Courts in Columbia County IT Discount and Premium. ... _ ■. 58 Distance Table , 325 Errata 9-11 Pacts on Advertising 58 French Decimal System of Weights andJMeasures 63-57 Gazetteer of County 63-92 Gazetteer of Towns 93-185 Government Land Measure ' 52 How to get a Dorse out of a Fire 59 How to Judge a Horse 61 How to Secure the Public Lands 47-48 How to Succeed in Business 45-47 Interest Table 57 Law Maxims 48-52 Leech Barometer 69 Measurement of Hay in the Mow or Stack.. 61 Postal Rates and Regulations, (see also ISrrata,) 41-48 Post OflScesand Postmasters 308 Rules for Detecting Counterfeit or Spurious Bank Notes 44-46 Stamp Duties, (see also Errata,) 34-40 Tables of Weights of Grain, Seeds, &c : 68 The States, their Settlement, &c 21-32 The Territories, their Area, &c 32-34 To Measure Grain in a Bin , 69 XT. S. Internal Bevenue OfBcers ..; 17 Valuable Recipes 60^1 Index to Business Directory. PAGE Ancr»m 186 Ansterlitz 189 Canaan 193 Chatham SOO Chatham Village 209 Claverack 212 Clermont. 220 Copake 223 Gallatin 229 Germantown 338 FAex Ghent 287 Greenport 243 Hillsdale 245 Hudson 284 Kinderhook 252 Livingston 257 New Lebanon 263 Stockport 269 Stuy vesant 273 Taghkanlck 277 INDEX TO ADYjESTISEMENTS. 13 Index to Ad\ Agrlcnltaral Implements. <,%« aiso Mowert aM BeajKr?, and Plowt and PUm Castings.) ■•-'■■ pAOBi Drnmin, Geo. K., Chathsm Village 242' Hulbert, P. F. & Bon, OJiatham 268. Morris, G. L., Chatham Village 218 Underhill,B.B., Ghent...;.. ...249. WilliamB & Loomlfl Hillsdale ...... & '■ertisements. I Skinner & Sanford Hudson • ABB .234 over .278 . 18 .274 .210 .298 .282 .214 . 16 .278 .210 .242 .260 .246 .282 .336 .190 .230 .206 .102 101 .206 srs.) .268 e.l8 ; • 18 i TiUey & Aldcroftt, -Hudson Confectionery, Frnlts Etc. (See alio Bakers and Confectioners. Burrows, C. M. & Co., Chatham Village Tyler, Jfi". W., Chatham Village Crockery, Glass-ware Etc (See also General Merchants.) Clapp, B., Stuyvesant Crandell, Homer, Chatham Village.... Dentist. Baker -and CpnfecUoner* Barber. Blacksmltlia. (See also Roree Shoertand Carriage Ironers.) Itlackey, Isaac K., Gennantown 238 Book Binder. Shenard Geo W - Trav . .102 Dress Makers. Lowe, A. L. Mrs., Chatham Village. . . . PnlTer, Bell Miss, Chatham Village.. . Smith, C. & D. Misses, Hudson Smith Marr A . Hudson Boota and Sboes. (.See also Oeiural Merchants.) BoyntontTheo. A., HndBon 194 Cheney J|and & Co., Hndeon 334 suing, W. K., Hudson. 262 Feieh M.. Kinderhook 260 Dry Goods. (See also Cfeneral Merchants.) Crandell, Homer, Chatham Village.. . Flonr and Feed. (See also General Merchants.) TTnflprhill E B Ghent Cancer Doctor. Kingsley, W. J. P., Borne 1 Candle makers. Hertiok, C. L. & Son, Kinderhook and Chatham Village 264 Carpenters and Builders. Avery & Hildreth, Hadson '. 310 Carriage Ironers. (See ako Blackemitlw, and Horse Skoers.) Walker, Justus, North Chatham 202 Carriage Makers. ! Hobel, Peter, Chatham Village 102 1 iangdon, George, Copake 226 ' Mackey, Isaac N., Gennantown 2.S8 1 Sluyter, Fred, Chatham Centet^ 230 Walker, Peter B. .North Chathap 202 Fnrnltnre Dealers. Birckmayer, Philip, Kinderhook Fish I A Chatham" VUlaere French, D. A., Hudson Vincent, 0. F. & Co., Chatham Villa?* Gas and Steam Fitters. O'Connell, Wm., Hudson General laerchants. Ten Broeck, W. H., Chatham Village. Traver & Bell, Chatham Village Tyler & Hanhn, Ohatliam Village GAUts' FnralBblng Goods (See also General Merchants, and Cloihi Carrlaae Trimmers. Hover, Reuben, Germantown .^ ■ftifpnhnro'h H J Clermont 223 Gloves and mitten*. {See also General Merchants.) Simpson, H. D. & Co., Chatham Villaj Grease Extractor. TvlBT. F. W.. Chatham Villase t^raback, Bmory, Glenco Hills 302 Clotblers. Jerkowski, 8., Chatham Village 206 14 INDEX TO AD7EBTISBMENTS. Groceries and Provisions. (.See also Osnerai Merchanti.) PAOB BnrrowB, C. M. & Co., Chatham Village. 878 Clapp, K., Stnyvesant 274 Underhill, H. B., Ghent 2« Hardw^are. (See alto Oeneral Merchante.) Morris, G. L., Chatham Village 818 Underhill, B. B., Ghent 848 BarnesB, TrnnJts JEtc. Brower, Giles J., Hndson 230 Gale, A. D., West Lebanon 278 Hover, Reaben, Germantown 238 Kelsey, L. F. Chatham Village 214 Eifenbnrgh, H. J., Clermont 288 Eoraback, Emory, Glenco Mills 308 Tompkins & Doty,Chatham Village.ooMap Vanderpoel, P., Hndson 198 Hats, Caps and Fnrs. (.See alio Oeneral Merchante.) Tord, H., Milton, Chatham Village 16 Spencer, F. F.,EadBon 2 Horse Sboelne. (See also Blacktmitke.) Whitfield, S. A., Hndson 302 Bot Air Farnaces. (See also Stovet, Tinware Etc.) Filley, M. L., Troy 336 Hotels. Central House, Hndson 835 City Hotel, Hndson .'. |250 Mansion House, Hndson V,*,'." *274 Worth House, Hudson .198 Hoive's Agne Gnre Etc. Howe, C. B., Seneca Falls go Insurance Agents. Macy, H. & Son,Hndson 226 Macy, Wm.H., Hudson 194 Iron Fonnders and machinists Clark & Van Deusen, Chatham Village.214 Drnmm, Geo. E., Chatham Village. 248 Hulbert, P. F. ftSoniChatham... 2S8 Williams & Loomls, Hillsdale 2 Jewelry, iratches Etc. Mallison, H. B., Lebanon Springs 878 Ijadles' Fnrnlshing Goods. Hanor, E. W. Mrs^ Chatham Village 214 Latham, T. Mrs., Hudson i J74 Ijadles' Patterns. Smith, Mary A., Hndson j^g Iiaw Book Pabllshers. Weed, Parsons & Co., Albany 337 Lairjrer. Saxton, Wm. W., East Chatham 206 liCatber and Findings. Anable, Henry, Hndson is Herrick, C. L. & Son, Elnderhook and Chatham Village 264 Beynolds, Allen, Hudson 298 Iilme, Cement Etc. PASS Boright, S. & J. W., Chatham ViUage. .202 GifTord.E. H., Hudson 194 Macy, H. & Son, Hudson 826 IilTery Stables. Membert, James J., Elnderhook 264 Iinmber Dealers. Boright, S. « J. W., Chatham Village. .202 Gifford, E. H., Hudson 194 Macy,B. £ Son, Hudson '. 286 marble Tirorks. Smith, Chas., Chatham Village 258 millinery, Hanor,E. W. Mrs., Chatham Village. ...214 Tracy, Delia B., Chatham Village 230 moirers and Reapers. Adriance, Piatt & Co., New Tork. . .on Map mnsic and musical Instr nments. Hedges & Heermans, Hndson 190 Nnrserles. Brocksbank, Wm., Hndson 246 Wildey, D. C, Hudson 286 Painters. (Bouee, Sign, Carriage Etc.) BariUger, John I., Germantown 234 Hakes, W. B., Hudson 302 Paper and Woolen machinery. Ellsworth, John F., Philmont 218 Patent medicine manuf. Houghtaling, Isaac, Hndson 334 Photographer. Canfleld, James Edgar, Hndson 190 Physicians. Howe, C. Bj Seneca Falls 20 Kingeley.W. J. P., Rome t Waters, H. A. Mrs., Hudson 262 Pictures and Picture Frames. Hedges & Heermans, Hndson 190 Vincent, O. F. &> Co., Chatham Village. 836 Plows and Ploir Castings. (See aleo Agricultural Implementi.) Ellsworth, John F., Philmont 218 Maekey, Isaac N., Germantown 238 Williams & Loomis, Hillsdale 2 Plumbers. O'Connell, Wm., Hudson 190 Parker, Byron, Hudson 230 Printing Offices. Advertiser, Einderbook 254 Columbia Republican, Hndson 298 Courier, Chatham 210 Register, Hndson 286 Star, Hndson 310 Real Estate Agents. Canfleld & Woolhiser, .Chatham 210 Sash, Blinds and Doors. Boright, 8. & J. W., Chatham Village. . .202 INDEX TO ADVEBTISEMENTS. 15 Senrlne Maclilnes. FASS Fowler, T. D., Hudson S68 Small Beer mannfactnrer. Tyler F. W., Chatham Village 18 Stage Proprietor. Membert, James J., Einderhook S54 Steamsbip Aeents. Mac7, H. & Son, Endson , . .!)26 Stoves, Tlnirare Etc. Uorris, 6, L., Chatham Villaee 818 Palmer, Daniel, Stay vesant Falls 384 Peahody & Rossman, Hudson 883 Beynolds, Ebenezer, Copake ....190 Tbermometcr JHannrs. Kendall, John & Co., New Lebanon.... 866 Tobacconists. FASB Herbs.F. & M., Hudson 308 Rosenthal, Isaac, Hudson 16 Toy Dealers. Hedges & Heermane, Hudson 190 Undertakers. Birckmayer, Philip^Kinde^hook 250 Carpenter & Flint, East Chatham 802 Denegar &LaBher, Oermantown 888 Fish, I. A., Chatham Village 848 Wooden and 'WlUoir Ware. (Bee also Oeneral Herohantt.) Burrows, C. M. & Co.tChatham ViUage.STS Feabody & Rossman, Hudson 888 Tbe Hndson Dally and Weekly- Star.— In 1347 we commenced the publica- tion of The Columbia Washlngtonian, a weeklypaper, about the size of The Daily Star before its present enlargement. The Washmgtonian met with a liberal patron- age, and in 1860 it was merged into The Budson Weekly Star. Like its predecessor, this paper met with success, and its enb- scription list received liberal additions. Being neutral in Politics and independent In its tone, men of both parties recognized Tlie Weekly Star as a valuable newspaper, and gave it their hearty support. The same can be said of. it to-day. It has the largest circulation In Columbia County, and on Thursday, June 83d, 1871, It was issued as an organ of the Republican j>arty, and al- thongh at the outset it met with a stubborn opposition at the hands of a rival sheet, the CotimiUa B^ublican, it ont-stripped all expectations and is destined to take the lead. In the year 1847 the publication of The Daily Homing Star commenced, it being Vae first daily paper ever issued in this city. Although but about a third the size of to- day's issue, it lived, took root, and it was not long before its permanency was a mat- ter of fact, and The Daily Morning Star was gladly welcomed to tlie houses of citizens of that time. It being deemed best suited to the convenience and taste of our patrons, we changed the name of The Morning Star to the Evening Star, and it was issned as an evening paper for two months-when the name was again changed to TheBudion Daily Star, In the year 18S7, in the month of May, we removed our office to its pres- ent location, and in a few years afterward we made The Star an afternoon paper, and it has continued so until the present time. We have thus briefly given the history of The Star from 1847 to 1867— a period of twenty years.— [Ed. Daily akb Wbbklt Star. See advertisement on page 310. Central House, Hudson.— This well known hotel, presided over by that prince among landlords, Wm. H. Van xssel, tias long been a favorite with the traveling public. It is situated on Warren Street, in the center of the business por- tion of tbe city, and is convenient for those who come in f^om tbe adjacent towns of Columbia County as well as for com- mercial travelers who may have business in Hudson. Mr. Van Tasel keeps his table well supplied with the delicacies of the season, and in many other ways extends courtesies to his guests, the influence of which is to gain for him many friends. See card on page 336. G. W. Sbepard, Book Binder and Blank Book Manufacturer, 265 River St., Troy, N. Y., advertises on page 108. We take pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to this advertisement that they may know where they can have their old books, magazines, newspapers, etc., bound in a substantial manner and at reasonable rates. Persons in the city or conntry will find Mr. Shepard ever ready to attend to their wants. He is prepared to manufac- ture Blank Books in every desirable style and with any kind of Ruling. We com- mend him to the patronage of the public, feeling assured that his work will be satis- factory to Ms customers. Daniel Palmer, dealer in Stoves, Tinware, Sheet Iron, Copper &o., Stnyves- ant Falls, N. T., will supply you with any- thing in bis line, from a tin cup to a Stove or a Pump. Those who are laying in a stock for the winter will do well to call and see bim. He advertises on page 834. Tyler & Hamm, proprietors of the Union Store, Chatham Village, N.T., offer to the public a large and choice assortment of Staple and Fancy Goods, Groceries, Crock- cry, Glass and Stone Ware. In fact they offer almost everything needed for the com- fort of a first-claBB fimily. Those who want nice goods can have them ; those who want a cheaper article, can be accommodat- ed. To one and all then we say, call at the Union Store, and your presence will not be a bore. If you wish to trade, money wUl be made. See advertisement on colored page 101. 16 COLUMBIA COUNTY BmiNESS DIBECTOBY. _ Slanafactarer and Dealer In I'aehionable Hats & Gaps^ Furs^ Gent'B Fuma^hing Groods, FORD'S Perfect Fitting Shirts is the cry wherever yoa go ; he keeps a large stocj^ on hand, and a variety of Patterns made to order. Under Shirts and Drawers, of French, English and American Manufac- ture. Robes of every description on hand and made to order. Eepalring of Robes neatly executed at the shortest notice. of every style, color and qnality, which I warrant to be superior to any others made. Mail Street, CMDiai Village, N. Y. liook for the €}al of the Period ! .^^ I. ROSENTHAL, Proprietor, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, The Choicest Brands of CIGABa of all kinds constantly on hand. Also, all kinds of Tobacco, Snnflr, Meerschaeun and Clay Pipes, And everything pertaining to the trade. Give na a Call. 163 Warren Street, Hudson, N. Y. INTERNAL BEYBNUE OFFICERS— COXTBTS. 17 IT. S. Internal Revenue Officers in Colum'bia County, 12th District. ASSISTANT A88B8BOE8. F. O. ABDBEB8 8tb Division, city of Hndeon, Henry Miller Hudson gth Dirieion, towns of Olaverack, Ghent, Qreenport, Copake, Hillsdale and Ancram, David Nefus Hollowville 10th Bivi^tioD, towns of Gallatin, Clermont, Taghkanick, Qermantown and Livingston, J. M. Strever Hndson 11th Division, towns of Chatham, Ansterlitz, Canaan and New Lebanon, K. P. Bartlett Ghent 13th Division, towns of Einderhook, Stnyvesant and Stockport, George Reynolds Kinderhook COLLECTOR. 8th Division, J. M. Johnson .• ^ Hadsoo DEPUTY COLLECTORS. 9th Division, B. S.Johnson Hndson 10th Division, A. Flngar Livingston nth Division, I. B. Rowley Lebanon Springs 13th Division, Calvin Ackley Kinderhook GAUGBRS. George H. Macy Hudson Josiali Arnold State Lino, Berkshire Co., Mass Courts in Columlaia County, 1871. o CIRCUIT COURTS AND COURTS OF OYER AND TERMINER, TO BB HKLD AT THS COUBT HOITSB XM HUSBON. Second Monday Of January Millbb, Justice Second Monday of April ■ IseALLs, Justice First Monday of October Hogbboom, Justice COUNTY COURTS AND COURTS OP SESSIONS. Dabidb Peck, Coumtt Jcssb. Third Monday of Febrnary •A-'--:--vS°'-H'"'y Third Monday of Juno Grand and Petit Jury ThirdMonday of September Petit Jurj 18 COLUMBIA COUNTT BUSINSS3 DIBECTOST. HENRT ANABLE, Manufacturer of Leather, AND DEALER IN WOOli, LEATHER AND FINDINGS, No. 34 South Tront Street, Hudson, N. Y. JV. S,— Cash paid for "Wool, Sides, Skins, Tallov & Sumac. H. D. SIMPSON & CO., MAKUTACTCKEBS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN :B TJ O I£ S It I TV Gloves & Mittens, Siailroad Avenue. H. D. SIMPSON. GEO. L. MOKRIS. F. W. TYLER, M the Soft^ing Saloon, on Main Street, Chatham Villag^e, IV. T., SMALL BEER MANUFACTURER, AND DEALER IN liVuits, Confectionery, Soda IVater and Temperate 3)rinks of all kinds. I also bare a For removing Grease, Pitch or Paint from Clothing. Xllley & Aldcroftt, Merchant Tat lora,Nos. 201 and 208 Warren Street, Hud- eon, N. T., advertise inside first cover. As the season is approaching when the covering of the outer man mast be renewed to keep out the frosts of our northern climate, we are happy to be able to Inform onr readers where they can find ready- made Clothing of the best quality aud of all sizes to suit the multitude. Messrs. T. & A. are bonnd to suit their customers whether they want a full anlt or a single garment. They will make up to order, in ae best style, anything required by the most exacting. Give them a call before making your purchases. F> dc m. Herb*, monnfactnrers of Cigars and dealers in all kinds of goods desired by the lovers of the Weed, have a fine assortment at No. 388 Warren Street, Hudson, N. Y., where those who want a good Cigar or the best brands of Smoking and Chewing Tobacco cannot fail to be suited. Their card appears on page 303. WUItama Ic Iioomla, proprietors of the Hillsdale Iron Beam Plow, publish a card on page 2. The merits of this plow are acknowledged by all who have used it They make all kinds of Plow Castings and do a general Jobbing business. Let all In- terested take notice. PVBLiaHEE'S NOTICES. 19 WeeA, Parsons Sc Co., of Albany, advertise their Publications on colored pag« 331. We commend this advertise- ment to the special attention of members of the Legal Profession and others who are interested in Law Books. Their esx- tensive Lithoeraphing, Printing and Pub- lishing establishment on Columbia Street was destroyed by Are April 7, 1871. They are temporarily located at No. 14 James Street. They are rebuilding npon the old site, in the most substantial manner, and when completed will have one of the finest and most convenient establishments of the kind in the State. Webster's Deflectlns and Cen- ter-Draft Hot-Alr Fnrnaee ap- pears to answer all the conditions for heat- ing Dwellings, Halls, Chnrchos, &c., better than any other now in use. It is easily managed, free from duet and gas, and re- quires a less amount of fuel than other furnaces to produce the same amount of heat. No water evaporator is used and the fresh air Is introduced and conveyed to the apartments to be heated, without being deprrved of its vitality. Judging from the recommendations of those who have used this furnace, it is worthy of the attention of all who contemplate purchasing a heat- ing apparatus for public or private build- ings. It is manufactured and sold by M. L. FILLEY, No. 287 River Street, Troy, N. Y, See advertisement on page 336. Cbeney, Hand &, Co., Boot and Shoe dealers. No. 118 Warren Street, Hud- son, N. Y., advertise on page 834. They keep constantly on hand a good stock of the best made goods and sell at fair prices. Their Custom Department is a specialty, and owing to the care and accuracy of their measurements, they are able to give their customers fits, without suffering mar- tyrdom while lyreaking in new boots. Call and see. F. W. Tyler, manufacturer of Small Beer and dealer in Confectionery, Fruits, 4*., Main Street, Chatham Village, N. Y., publishes a card on page 18. Persons In want of any luxuries in his line will be accommodated. Call and see. Howe's Ne-rer-FalllnB Agne Care and Tonic Bitters, and Howe's Concentrated Syrup, are prepared under the personal supervision of Dr. C. B. Howe, the proprietor, at Seneca Falls, N. Y., for ague and fever, and all periodic diseases', rheumatism, paralysis, etc. Thb "Ague Cure " has produced won- derftl cures. The " Syrup," for the blood, liver, skin, digestive and uterine organs, has cured many cases of scrofula, cancer, tnmors, goiter, salt rheum, scaldhead, and many other diseases too numerous to men- tion in this place. See card, page SO. C. m. Bnrro-ws tc Co. announce, on page 378, that they are prepared to fur- nish Groceries, Provisions, Wooden Ware, Stationery &c., to the Inhabitants of Chat- ham Village and vicinity, In quantities to •nit purchasers and at prices to suit the timet. Call and see. H. milton Ford, manufacturer and dealer in Hats, Caps and Furs, Main St., Chatham Village, N. Y., keeps an excellent assortment of all goods in his line, and manufactures to order to suit the most exacting. Anything in the line of Gents^ Furnishing Goods will be sold at prices that cannot fail to satisfy all reasonable demands. Robes and Horse Blankets, of the best quality, always on hand. His card appears on page 16. Honehtallne's Manufactory, Hudson, N. Y., is advertii-ed on page 334. Prof. Isaac Houghtalingmanufactures Hair Restorative, Washing Compound. Inks, Syrups, Salves, for the sale of which he wish- es to employ agents. His place of business is south-east of Public Square, between the Square and Eighth Street. Let those In- terested take notice. H. D. Simpson & Co., manufac- turers and wholesale dealers in Buckskin Gloves and Mittens, Chatham Village, N. Y., publish a card on page 18. As cold weather approaches, country dealers will find it to tneir advantage to call on Simpson & Co., and purchase a supply for their cus- tomers. They will find good goods and fair prices. Call and see. I. Rosentbal, Proprietor of Cigar and Tobacco Store, No. 163 Warren Street, Hudson, N. T., is prepared to supply the lovers of the Weed with the best in the market, and as for pipes, he will sell you anything, from a clay pipe to an elegant Meerschaum, as cheap as the cheapest and as good as the best. Call on him for any- thing In his line. His card Is on page 16. P. Vanderpoel, manufacturer and dealer in Saddle and Harness goods of every description, is prepared to supply his customers with anything In this fine, of as good quality and at as low a price as any of his neighbors. Those interested will find his place of business east side of Public Square, Hudson, N. Y. See card on page 198. O. F. Vincent Sc Co., Wholesale and Retail dealers in Furniture, Chatham Vil- lage, N. Y., advertise on colored page 336. This Is one of the largest and best stocked establishments in the County. Furniture for the Parlor, Chamber, Kitchen or Office, can be purchased here at the lowest price. Mattresses and Spring Beds, of the most improved style and of the best material, can always be fonnd. Picture Frames of all sorts and sizes, on hand and made np to order. Let those who are about furnisning their homes call and examine the stock of Vincent & Co., before making their pur- chases. misses C. 4c D. Smltb} Fashionable Dressmakers, No. 283 Warren Street, Hud- son, N. Y.. advertise on page 16. The ladies of Hudson will find the Misses Smith prepared to do all work In their line in a manner to salt the most fastidious. Give them a call before making engage- ments elsewheate. 20 COLUMBIA COVNTT BUSINESS DIRECTORY. HOWE'S NEVER-FAILING AGUE CURE AND TONIC 33XTP"X«3ES3E1.SI5 Warranted to cure, permanently, Chills, Ague and Fever, and all Periodic Diseaaes. — It cures Sciatic Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Paralysis, and all Weaknesses, &c., being won- derfully adapted to CUBING Disease, restoring health and strength. This Preparation Irs purely Vegetable, and entirely free from Quinine or Mineral Poison. N. B. — Persons using this Medicine can commence working immedi- ately, and without fear of the disease returning. (^- WARRANTED. _^ X)r. C. B. 'H.O'vre, Sole Proprietor, Seneoa FallSj^N". Y. HOIVE'8 COXCESTTRATED SYRUP. For the Stood, JAver, Shin, Digestive & Uterine Organa, and the Systent generally. It Restores £Cealth hy IPur^fying the Stood, Correcting the Siver, Cleans- ing the Skin, Strengthening and Reatoring the Digestive and Uterine Organs, Regulat- ing and Renovating the System. It cures Scrofula or Kings Evil, Cancers, Tumors, Goiter, all Swellings of the Throat or Glands, Salt Rheum, Scald Head, Camp Itch, Erysipelas, Carbuncles, Boils, Blotches, Pimples, Sores, Mercurial & Syphilitic diseaseB, Ulceration of the Mouth and Throat, Liver, Kidneys ; also Catarrh, Rheumatism, Piles, Gravel, Jaundice, Uterine and Female difficulties. ^^ Take no otker^ and you will not be disappointed. C. B. HOWE, M. D., Prop'r, Seneca Falls, N.Y. Traver & Bell, dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, Hats, Caps &c.. Main Street, Chatham Village, N. Y., are prepared to fur- nish their customers with a great variety of goods at low prices. Their stock of Paper Hangings and Oil Cloths commends itself to the notice of the public. Sea card on colored page 102. Fred. Slnyter, Carriage and Sleigh Maker, Chatham Center, N. x., advertises on page 230. Those who favor him with their patronage will find him prompt and faithful in fulfllling all orders. Kepairing of all kinds neatly done. Reuben Hover, Carriage Trimmer and dealer in Harness, Saddles, &c., Ger- mantown, N. Y., advertises on page 238. Mr. Hover has a well established business reputation, keeps a good stock and does work that would be a credit to any man. We commend him to the patronage of our readers, in the belief that those who pat- ronize him will get their money^s worth. Try him and see. Homer Crandell, dealer in Dry Goods, Crockery and Glass Ware, Main Street, Chatham Village, N. T., publishes a finely illustrated advertisement on page 210, from which we learn that he offers extra indncements to his numerous cus- tomers, both as regards price and stock. Those who want anything in his line need not go to the city for It, but give Crandall a cau. A. word to the wise, &c. Emory Boraback, Carriage Trim- mer and Harness Maker, Glenco Mills, N. Y., is prepared to supply his patrons with everythmg essential to the proper dressing of the horse. Mr. Roraback has recently started business here, and our readers will consult their own interest as well as his by giving him their patronage. His card appears on page 302, Peter Hobel, Carriage and Sleigh Maker, Chatham Village, N. Y., manufac- tures to order ^nd keeps on hand for sale a good assortment of the most desirable styles. By a careful selection of materials and the employment of the best workmen, he is able to give the best of satisfaction to his numerous customers. His card appears on colored page 102. Henry Anable, Leather Manufac- turer and dealer in Wool, Leather and Findings, No. 34 South Front Street, Hud- son, Hi. Y., advertises on page 18. Mr. A.'b stock is good and his prices low. F. P. SpencerLdealer in Hats, Caps and Furs, at No. 283 Warren St., Hudson, publishes a card on page 2. Citizens of Columbia County will find his store at all times filled with good goods of tbe latest styles, and his prices are always marked down. Xompkina & Doty, harness manu- facturers and dealers in Trunks, Valises, and all goods usually found in a first-class shop. They manufacture to order from the best of materials and sell as cheaj] as any establishment in the County. Their shop is in Oddfellows Bnllding, Cnatbam Village. See advertisement on Map. THE STATES, TBEIR SETTLEMENT, ETC. 21 THE STATES, THEm SETTLEMENT, ADMITTANCE TO THE UNION, POPULATION, SUFFRAGE LAWS, ETC. dZ^iSjlMjl was settled near Mobile, in 1703, by the French ; was formed into a Territory by act.of Congress, approved March 3, 1817, from the eastern portion of the Territory of Mississippi ; framed a Con- stitution August S, 1819, and was admitted into the Union December 14 of the same year. Area 50,723 square miles, or 33,462,080 acres. — Population in 1860, 964,201, of whom.435,080 Were slayes. It is the chief cotton growing State of the Union. White male citizens who have re- sided one year in the State and three months in the county, are entitled to vote. An election for a Convention was held December 34, 1860, and a majority of over 50,000 votes cast for secession ; the Convention met January 7, 1861, and on the 11th passed the ordinance of secession, by a vote of 61 to 39, which was followed on the 31st by the resignation of its members of Congress. ^^S'AJVSAS was settled at Ai'kansas Post in 1685, by the French, and was part of the Louisiana purchase ceded by France to the United States, April 30, 1803. It was formed into a Territory by act of Congress, March 3, 1819, from the southern part of the Territory of Missouri ; its western boundary was settled May 26, 1824, and its southern. May 19, 1828. Having adopted a Constitution, a memorial was presented in Congress, March 1, 1836, and an act for its admission into the Union passed June 15 of the salne year. Area 52,198 square miles, or 33,406,- 720 acres. In 1860 its population was 435,450, of whom 111,115 were slaves. It is an agricultural State, its staples being corn and cotton. — ■ Citizenship and residence in the State for six months, qualify voters in the county and district where they reside. January 16, 1861, its Legislature ordered a State Convention, which assembled, and on May 6, voted to secede, 69 tp 1. Janu*y 4, 1864, a Convention assembled in Little Kock, which adopted a new Constitution, the principle feature of which consisted in a clause abolishing slavery. The Convention adjourned January 23. This body also inaugurated a Provisional G-overnment. The Constitution was submitted to the people, and 13,177 votes cast for it, to 326 against it. The State was re-organized under the plan contained in the Amnesty Proclamalion of President Lincoln, in pursuance of which an election was held March 14, 1864. The vote required under the Proclamation was 5,405. About 16,000 votes were cast. B 22 TEE STATES, THEIB SETTLEMENT, ETG. CAZIFO^JVI^ii. was settled at Diego in 1768, by Spaniards, and was part of the territory ceded to the United States by Mexico, by the treaty concluded at Guadaloupe Hidalgo, Februaiy 33, 1848. After several inef- fectual attempts to organize it as a Territory or admit it as a State, a law was passed by Congress for the latter purpose, which was approved September 9, 1850. Area 188,981 square miles, or 130,947,784 acres. Population in 1860, 305,439. It is the most productive gold mining re- gion on the continent, and also abounds in many other minerals. — White male citizens of the United States, and those of Mexico who may choose to comply with the provisions of the treaty of Queretaro, of May 30, 1848, who have resided in the State six months antiin the county or dis- trict thirty days, are entitled to vote. COJVJV£!CTICU'Ty^^&e,VCx,9i3.\ Windsor, in 1633, by English Puri- tansfrom Massachusetts, and continued under the jijrisdiotion of that Prov- ince until April 33,1663, when a separate charter was granted, which con- tinued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. It was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Con- stitution, January 9, 1788. Area 4,674 square miles, or 3,991,360 acres. Population in 1860, 460,147. It is one of the most densely populated and principal manufacturing States in the Union. Residence for six months, or military duty for a year, or payment of State tax, or a free- hold of the yearly value of seven dollars, gives the right to vote. S)BZi>i. Wjl:EF-was settled at Wilmington, early in 1638, by Swedes and Finns ; was granted to William Penn, in 1683, and continued under the government of Pennsylvania until the adoption of a Constitution, September 30, 1776 ; a new one was formed June 12, 1793. It was one of the original thirteen States, and ratified the United States Constitu- tion, December 7, 1787. Area 3,130 square miles, or 1,356,800 acres. — Population, in 1860, 113,316, of whom 1,798 were slaves. It is a grain and fruit growing State, with some extensive manufactories. Residence in the State one year, and ten days in the election district, with payment of a State or county tax assessed tien days prior to an election, gives the right to vote, except that citizens between twenty-one and twenty-two years of age need not have paid the tax. J^Z OHIDd. was settled at St. Augustine, in 1565, by Spaniards ; was formed from part of the territory ceded by Spain to the United States by treaty of 'February 33, 1819; an act to authorize the President to establish a temporary government was passed March 3, 1S19 ; articles of surrender of East Florida were framed July 10, and of West Florida, July 17, 1831, and it was then taken possession of by General Jackson as Governor. An act for the establishment of a Territorial Govefn- ment was passed March 30, 1833, and by act of March 3, 1833, East and West Florida were constituted one Tert-itory. Acts to establish its boundp,ry line between Georgia and Alabama were passed-May 4, 1826, and March 3, 1831. After seteral ineffectual attempts to organize it , into two TeiTitories, or into a State and Territory, an act for its admis- sion into the Union was passed March 3, 1845. Area 59,368 square mijes, or 37,930,530 acres. , Population, in 1860, 140,425, of whom 61,745 were slaves. It is an agricultural State, tropical in its climate and products. Every free wbite niale citizen, who has "resided in the State two jrears and in the, county six months, and has been enrolled in the militia (unless exempt by law,) is qualified te vote ; but no soldier, seaman TEE STATES, THEIB SETTLEMENT, ETC. 23 or marine can vote unless qiialifled before enlistment. Its Legislature called a Conventiouj December 1, 1860, wUcb met January 3, 1861, and passed a secession ordinance on the 10th by a vote of 62 to 7. 6^^(9^ime sum, each should be stamped as though it were the only one. A mortgage given to secure a surety from loss, or given for any purpose whatever, other than as security for tne payment of a definite and certain sum of money, is taxa- able only as an agreement or contract. ■ The stamp duty upon a lease, agreement, memorandum, or contract for the hire, use, orrent of any land, tenement, or portion thereof, is based upon the annual rent or rental value of the property leased, and the duty is the same whetner the lease be for one year, for a term of years, or for the fractional part of a year only. Upon every, assignment or transfer of a mortgage, a stamp tax is required equal to that imposed upon a mortgage for the amount remaining unpaid ; this tax is re- quired upon every such transfer in writing, whether there is a «(rfc of the mortgage or not ; but no stamp is necessary upon the endorsement of a negotiable mstrnment, even though the legal effect of such indorse- ment is to transfer a mortgage by which the instrument is secured. An assignment of a lease within the mean- ing and mtent of Schedule B, is an assign- ment of the leasehold, or of some portion thereof, by the lessee, or by some person claiming by, ftom, or under him ; such an assignment as subrogates the assignee to the rights, or some portion of the rights, of the lessee, or of the person standing in his place. A transfer by the lessor of his part of a lease, neither giving nor purporting to give a claim to the leasehold, or to any part thereof, but simply aright to the rents, &c.i is subject to stamp tax as a contract or agreement only. The stamp tax upon a fire insurance policy is based upon the premium. Deposit notes taken by a mutual fire In- Buralnce company, not as payment of pre- mium nor as evidence of indebtedness therefor, but to be used simply as a basis upon which to make rateable assessments to meet the losses incurred by the company, should not be reckoned as premium in de- termining the amount of stamp taxes upon thepolicies. When a policy of insurance properly stamped has been issued and lost, no stamp is necessary upon another issued by the same company to the same party, covering the same property, time, &c., and designed simply to supply the loss. The second policy should recite the loss of the first. An instrument which operates as the re- newal of a policy of insurance, is subject to the same stamp tax as the policy. When a policy of insurance is Issued for a certain time, whether it be for one year only or for a term of years, a receipt for gremium, or any other instrument which as the legal effect to continue the contract and extend its operation beyond thai time, re- quires the same amount ofrevenue stamps as the policy itself; but such a receipt as is usually given for l^e payment of the monthly, quarterly, or annual premium, is not a renewal within the meaning of the statute. The payment simply prevents the policy ftom expiring, by reason of non-per- formance of its conditions ; a receipt given for such a payment requires a two-cent stamp, if the amount received exceeds twenty dollars, and a two-cent stamp only. When, however, the time of payment has passed, and a tender of the premium is not sufficient to bind the company, but a new policy or a new contract in some form, with the mutuality essential to every contract, becomes necessary between the insurer and the insured, the same amount of stamps should be used as that required upon the original policy. A permit issued by a life insurance com- pany changing the terms of a policy, as to travel, residence, occupation, &c., should be stamped as a contractor agreement. A bill single or a bill obligatory, i. e., an instrument in the form or a promissory note, under seal, is subject to stamp duty as written or printed evidence of an amount of money to be paid on demand or at a time designated, at the rate of five cents for each one hundred dollars or fractional part thereof. A waiver of protest, or of demand and notice, written upon negotiable paper and signed by the Indorser, is an agreement, and requires a five-cent stamp. A stamp duty of twenty-five cents is im- ' posed upon the "protest of every note, bill of exchange, check or draft," and upon every marine protest. If several notes, bills of exchange, drafts, &c., are protest- ed at the same time and all attached to one and the same certificate, stamps should be afflyed to the amount of twenty-five cents for each note, hill, draft, &c., thus protest- ed. When, as is generally the case, the cap- tion to a deposition contains other certifi- cates in addition to the jurat to the affida- vit of the deponent, such as a certificate that the parties were or were not notified, that they did or did not appear, that they did or did not object, &c., it is subject to a stamp duty of five cents. When an attested copy of a writ or other 40 STAMP DVTIE8. process is used by a sberifF or other person va. making personal Bervlce, or in attaching property, a five-cent stamp should be affix- ed to the certificate of attestation. ■ A marriage certificate issued hy the offi- ciating clergyman or magistrate, to be re- turned to any officer of a State, county, city, town, or other municuial corporation, to constitute part of a public record, requires no stamp ; but if it is to be retained by the parties, a five-cent stamp should be af- fixed. The stamp tax upon a bill of sale, by which any ship or vessel, or any part there- of, is conveyed to or vested in any other person or persons, Is at the same rate as that imposed upon conveyances of realty sold ; a bill of sale of any, other personal property should be Btamped as a contract or agreement. An assignment of real or personal prop- erty, orofDoth, for the benefit of creditors, should be stampecl as an agreement or con- tract. Written or printed assignments of agree- ments, bonds, notes not negotiable, and of all other instruments the assignments of which are not particularly specified in the foregoing schednle, should be stamped as agreements. No stamp is necessary upon the registry of a judgment, even though the registry is such in its legal effect as to create a lien which operates ae a mortgage upon the property of the judgment debtor. When a "power of attorney or proxy for voting at any election for officers of any incorporated company or society, except religious, charitable, or literary societies, or public cemeteries," is signed by sever- al stockholders, owning separate and dis- tinct shares, it is, in its legal effect, the separate instrument of eacn, and requires stamps to the amount of ten cents for each and every signature ; one or more stamps may be used representing the whole amount required. A notice from landlord to tenant to quit poBsession of premises requires no stamp. A stamp tax is imposed upon every "manifest for custom-house entry or clear- ance of the cargo of any ship, vessel, or steamer for a foreign port." The amount of this tax in each case depends upon the registered tonnage of the vessel. If a vessel clears in ballast and has no cargo whatever, no stamp is necessary; but if she has any .however small the amount — a stamp should be used. A bond to convey real estate requires stamps to the amount of twenty-five cents. The stamp duty upon the probate of a will, or upon letters of administration, is based upon the sworn or declared value of all the estate and effects, real, personal, and mixed, undiminished by the debts of the estate for or in respect of which such probate or letters are applied for. When the property belonging to the es- tate of a person deceased, lies under dif- ferent jurisdictions and it becomes neces- sary to take out letters in two or more places, the letters should be stamped ac- cording to the value of all the property, real, personal, and mixed, for or in respect of which the particnlar letters in each case are issued. Letters de bonis nan should be stamped according to the amount of property re- maining to be administered upon thereun- der, regardless of the stamps upon the orig- inal letters, A mere copy of an instrumentis not sub- ject to stamp duty unless it is a certified one, in which case a five-cent stamp should ' be affixed to the certificate of the person attesting it • but when the instrument is ,executed and issued in duplicate, triplicate, &c., as in the case of a lease of two or more parts, each part has the same legal effect as the other, and each should be stamped as an original. POSTAL BATES AND SEOULATIONS. 41 POST-AJL RATES AND REGULATIONS. Lbttbks. — The law re^aireB postage on all letters (Inclnding those to foreign coan- tries whenprepaid), excepting those writ- ten to the President or Vice President, or ■ members of Congress, or (on official busi- ness) to the chiefs of the executiTe depart- ments of the Government, and the beads of bnreanx and chief clerks, and others invest- ed with the franking privilege, to be pre- paid by stamps or stamped envelopes, pre- payment in money being prohibited. All drop-letter* mnst be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop-letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is establish- ed, is two cents per half ounce or fraction of a half ounce; at offices where such free delivery Is not established the rate is one cent. The single rate of postage on all domes- tic mall letters throughout the United States, is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for eachi additional half ounce or fraction of a half ounce. The ten cent (Pacific) rate Is abol- ished. Newspapers, bto. — Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, circulars, or other printed matter which shall contain any manuscript writing whatever. Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mall, are to be charged, with letter postage by weight. Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material, (not In cases), can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz., two cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof. Photograph Albums are chargeable with book postage — four cents for each four ounces or fraction thereof. Newspaper Postaoe.— Postage on daily papers to subscribers when prepaid quar- teny or yearly in advance, either at the mailing office or office of delivery, per quarter (three months), 35 cts. ; six times {)er week, per quarter 80 cts. ; for tri-week- y, per quarter 16 cts. ; for semi-weekly, per quarter 10 cts. ; for weekly, per quarter 6 cents. Weekly newspapers (one copy only) sent by the publisher to actual subscribers with- in the county where printed and published, FBBE. Postage per quarter (to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance) on newspapers and periodicals issued less frequently than once a week, sent to actual subscribers in any part of the United States: Semi .monthly, not over 4 oz., 6 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 12 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 13 oz. , 18 cts. ; monthly, not over 4 oz. , 3 cts ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 6 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 9 cts. ; quarterly, not over 4 oz., 1 cent ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 2 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 3 cts. Tbaitbient Matter.— Books not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cts. ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 8 cts. ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 12 cts. ; oyer 12 oz. and not over 16 -H 00 COOlHil ODM woooioe« O T-1T-«T-(1-I i-ItH m ■s-c'S ■^t-t-OSOiHOOOCOt-OOO oQcoo>co>aoo3fc-and when found to be so, the applicant must pay that price per acre, or may locate the same with land warrant, and thereafter the Receiver will give him a " duplicate receipt," which he Ta required to surrender previous to the delivery to him of the patent, which may be had either by application for it to the Eegister or to the General Land Office. 3. If the tract has .not been offered at public sale it is not liable to ordinary pri- vate entry, but may be secured by a party legally qualified, upon his compliance with the requirements of the pre-emption laws of 4th September, 1841, and 3d March, 1843; and after such party shall have made ac- tual settlement for such a length of time as will show he designs It for his perma- nent home, and is acting in good faith, building a house and residing therein, he may proceed to the district land office, es- tablish his pre-emption claim according to law, by proving his actual residence and cultivation, and showing that he is other- wise within the purview of these acts. — Then he can enter the land at $1,25, either in cash or with bounty land warrant, unless the premises should be $2,50 acre lands. In that case the whole purchase-money can be paid in cash, or one-half in cash, the residue with a bounty land warrant. 4. But if parties legally qualified desire to obtain title under the Homestead Act of 20th May, 1862, they can do so on com- 48 LAW MAXIMS. plying with the Department Circular, dated 30th October, 1863. 5. The law confinee Homestead entrieB to surveyed lands ; and although, in cer- tain States and Territories noted in theenb- joined list, pre-emptors may go on land be- fore survey, yet they can only establish their claim after return of survey, but must file their pre-emption declaration within three months after receipt of official plat, at the local land-office where the settlement was made before survey. Where, however, it was made after survey, the claimant must file within three months after date of 'set- tlement ; and \vhere actual residence and cultivation have been long enough to show that the claimant has made the land his permanent home, he can establish his claim and pay for the same at any time before the date of the public sale of lands within the range in which his settlement may fall. 6. All unoffered surveyed lands not ac- quired under pre-emption, homestead, or otherwise, under express legal sanction, must be offered at public sale under the President's Proclamation, and struck off to the highest bidder, as required by act of AprU 54, 1890. J. M. BDlOmDS, GommisBloner General Land Office. LAW MAXIMS. 1. A promise of a debtor to give "satiB- factory security" for the pajTnent of a por- tion of liis debt, is a sufficient considera- tion for a release of tlie residue by liis creditor. 2. Administrators are liable to account for interest on fimds in their hands, al- though no profit snail have been made upon them, unless the exigencies of the estate rendered it prudent that they should hold the funds thus uninvested. 3. Any person who voluntarily becomes an agent for another, and in that capacity obtains information to which as a stranger he could have had no access, is bound in subsequent dealing -with his principal, aa purchaser of the property that formed the subject of his agency, to communicate such information. 4. When a house is rendered untenanta- ble in consequence of improvements made on the adjoming lot, the owner of such cannot recover damages, because it is pre- sumed that he had mowledge of the ap- proaching danger in time to protect him- self from it. B. When a merchant ship is abandoned by order of the master, for the purpose of saving life, and a part of the crew subse- quently meet the vessel so abandoned and bring her safe into port, they will be enti- tled to salvage. 6. A person who has been led to sell goods by means of false pretenses, cannot recover them from one wuo has purchased them in good faith from the fraudulent vendor. 7. An agreement by the holder of a note to give the principal debtor time for pay- ment, without depriving himself of the right to sue, does not discharge the surety. 8. A seller of goods who accepts, at the time of sale, the note of a third party, not endorsed by the buyer, in payinent, can- not in case the note is not paid, hold the buyer responsible for the value of the goods. 9. A day-book copied from a " blotter " in which charges are first made, will not ' be received in evidence as a book of origi- nal entries. 10. Common carriers are not liable for extrabrdinary results of negligence that could not have been foreseen by ordinaiy skill and foresight. 11. A bidder at a Sheriff's sale may re- tract his bid at any time before the prop- erty is knocked down to him, whatever may be the conditions of the sale. 12. Acknowledgment of debt to a stran- ger does not preclude the operation of the statute. 13. The fruits 'and grass on the &rm or garden of an intestate descend to the heir. 14. Agents are solely liable to their piln- clpals. 15. A deposit of money in bank by a hus- band, in the name of his wife, survives to her. LAW MAXIMS, 49 16. Money paid on Sunday contracts may be recovered. 17. A debtor may give preference to one creditor over another, unleBB fraud or special legislation can be proved. 18. A court cannot give Judgment for a larger sum than that specified in the ver- dict. 19. Imbecility on the part of either husband or wife, invalidates the mar- riage. 20. An action for malicious prosecution will lie, though nothing fhrther was done than suing out warrants, t ■ 31. An agreement not to continue the practice of a profession or business in any specified town, if the party so agreeing has received a consideration for the same, is valid. ' 32. When A consigns goods to B to sell on commission, ana B delivers them to C, in payment of his own antecedent debts, A 'can recover their value. 23. A finder of property is compelled to make diligent inquiry for the owner there- of, and to restore the same. If, on finding such property, he attempts to conceal such fact, he maybe prosecuted for larceny. 24. A private person may obtain an in- junction to prevent a public mischief by which he is affected in common with others. 25. Any person Interested may obtain an injunction to restrain the State or a munici- pal corporation from maintaining a nuisance on its lands. 26. A discharge under the insolvent laws of one State will not discharge the insol- vent from a contract made with a citizen of another State. 27. To prosecute a party with any other motive than to bring him to justice, is malicious prosecution, and actionable as such. 9 28. Ministers of the gospel, residing in any incorporated town, are not exempt from jury, military, or fire service. 29. When a person contracts to build a house, and is prevented by sickness from flnishmg it, he can recover for the nart per- formed, if such part is beneflciar to the other party. 30. In a suit for enticing away a man's wife, actual proof of the marriage is not ne- cessary. Cohabitation, reputation, and the admission of marriage by the parties, are sufficient. 31. Permanent erections and fixtures, made by a mortgagor after the execution of the mortgage upon land conveyed by it, be- come a part of the mortgaged premises. 32 When a marriage is denied, and plain- tiff has given sufBcient evidence to estab- lish it, the defendant cannot examine the wife to disprove the marriage. 83. The amount of an express debt can- not be enlarged by application. 84. Contracts for advertisements in Sun- day newspapers cannot be enforced. 35. A seller of goods, chattels, or other property, commits no fraud, in law, when he neglects to tell the purchaser of any flaws, defects, or unsoundness in the same. 36. The opinions of witnesses, as to the value of a dog that has been killed, are not admissible in evidence. The value of the animal is to be decided by the jury.- 37. If any person puts a fence on or plows the land of another, he is liable for trespass whether the owner has sustained injury or not. 38. If a person, who is unable from ill- ness to sign his will, has his hand guided in making his mark, the signature is valid. 89. When land trespassed upon is occu- pied by a tenant, he alone can bring the action. 40. To say of a person, "Ifhe does not come and make terms with me, I will make a bankrupt of him and ruin him," or any such threatening language, is actionable, without proof of special damage. 41-. In an action for slander, the party making the complaint must prove the \vords alleged: other words of like meaning wiU not snmce. 42. In a suit of damages for seduction, proof of pregnancy, and the birth of a child, IS not essential. It is sufficient if the ill- ness of the girl, whereby she was unable to labor, was produced by shame for the seduc- tion ; and this is such a loss of service as will sustain the action. 43. Addressing to a wife a letter contain- ing matter defamatory to the character of her husband is a publication, and renders the writer amenable to damages. 44. A parent cannot sustain an action for any wrong done to a child, unless he has in- curred some direct pecuniary injury there- from in consequence of som4 loss of ser- vice or expenses necessarily consequent thereupon. 45. A master is responsible for an injury resulting from the 'negligence of his ser- vant, whilst driving his cart or carriage, provided the servant is at the time engaged In his master's business, even though the accident happens in a place to which his master's business does not call him ; but if the journey of a servant be solely for a pur- pose of his own, and undertaken without the knowledge and consent of his master, the latter is not responsible. 46. An emigrant depot is not a nuisance inlaw. 47. A railroad track through the streets is not a nuisance in law. 50 LAW MAXIMS. 48. If an agreement upon which, a party relies be oral only, it must be proved by eiridence. But if the contract be reduced fo writing; - it proves iteelfj and noy^ no evidence whatever i& receivable for the pui-pope of varying the contract oe affecting its obligations. The reasons are o&vhma. The law prefers written to oral evidence, from its greater precision and certainty, and because it is le&a open to frand. And where parties have closed a negotiation and reduced the result to writing, it is pre- sumed that they have written all they in- tended to agree to, and therefore, that what is omitted was finally rejected by them.— [Parsons. 49. Delivery of a husband's goods by a wife to her adulterer, he having kno\vledge that she has taken them without her hus- band's authority, is sufficient to sustain an indictment for larceny against the adul- terer. 50. The fact that the insurer was not in- formed of the existence of impending liti- gation, affecting the premises insured, at the time the insurance was effected, does not vitiate the policy. 61. The liability of an innkeeper is not confined to personal baggage, but extends to all the property of the guest that he con- sents to receive. 52. When a minor executes a contract, and pays money, or delivers property on the same, he cannot afterwards disaffirm such contract and recover the money, or prop- erty, unless he restores to the other party the consideration received from Mm for such money or property. 53. When a person has, by legal inquisi- tion been found an habitual drunkard, he cannot, even in his sober intervals, make contracts to bind himself or his property, until the inquisition is removed. 54. Any person dealing with the repre- sentative or a deceased person, is presumed, in law, to be fuUj^ apprized of the extent of such representative's authority to act in behalf of such estate. 55. In' an action against a railroad com- pany, by a passenger, to recover damages for injuries sustained on the road, it is not compulsory upon the plaintiff to prove ac- tual negligence in the defendants ; but it is obligatory on the part of the latter to prove that the injury was not owing to any fault or negligence of theirs. 56. A guest is a competent witness, in an action between himself and an inn-keeper, to .prove the character and value of lost personal baggage. Money in a trunk, not exceeding the amount reasonably required by the traveler to defray the expenses ' of the journey which he has undertaken, is a part of his baggage ; and in case of its loss, while at any inn, the plaintiff may prove its amount by his own testimony. 67. The deed of a minor is not absolutely void. The court is authorized to judge, from the instrument, whether it is void or not, according to its terms being favorable or unfavorable to the interests of the minor. 58. A married woman can neffchffl' sue nor be sued on any contract made by her dur- ing her marriage, except in an action relat- ing to her individual property. The action must be commenced either by or against her husband. It is only when an action fis brought on a contract made by her be- fore her nMiria^e, that she is to be joined as a co-plaintz^ or de&ndant^wlth.her hus- band. 59. Any contract made with a person ju- dicially declared a lunatic is void. 60. Money paid voluntarily in any trans- action, with a knowledge of the facts, can- not be recovered. 61. In all cases of specia.. contract for ser- vices, except in*the case of a minor, the plaintiff can recover only the amount stip- ulated in the contract. 62. A wife is a competent witness with her husband, to prove the contents of a lost trunk, or when a party. * 63. A wife cannot be convicted of receiv- ing stolen goods when she received them of ner husband. 64. Insurance against fire, by lightning or otherwise, does not cover loss by lightning when there is no combustion. 65. Failure to prove plea of justification, in a case of slander, aggravates the offence. 66. It is the agreement of the parties to sell by sample that constitutes a sale by sample, not the mere exhibition of a speci- men of the goods. 67. An agent is liable to his principals for loss caused by his misstatements, tho' nnintentional. 68. Makers of promissory notes given in advance for premiams on policies of insur- ance, thereafter to be taken, are liable there- on, 69. An agreement t(Ppay for procuring an appointment to office is void. 70. An attorney may plead the statute of limitations, when sued by a client for mon- ey which he has collected and failed to pay over. Tl. f estimony given by a deceased wit- ness on first trial, is,not required to be re- peated verbatim on the secbnd. 72. A person entitling himself to a reward offered for lost property, has a lien upon the property/ for the reward: but only when a definite reward is offered. 73. Confession by a prisoner must be vol- untarily made,to constitute evidence against him. 74. The defendant in a suit must be serv- ed with process ; hut service of such pro- cess upon hie wife, even in his absence from the State, is not, in the absence of statuto- ry provisions, sufficient. LAW MAXIMS. 51 75. The meaenre of damages in treepaeB for cutting timber, is- Its value as a chattel on the land where it was felled, and not the marfeet price of the lumber manufactured. « 78. To support an indictment for mali- cious mischief in killing an animal, mal- ice towards its owner must be shown, not merely passion excited against the animal itself. 77. No action can be maintained against a sheriff for omitting to account for money obtained upon an execution within a reas- onable time. He has till the return day to render such account. 78. An interest in the profits of an enter- prise, as profits, renders the party hold- ing it a partno^in the enterprise, and mftkes him pr^^pptivcly liable to share any loss. ^^ 79. Males can marry at fourteen, and fe- males at twelve years of age. 80. All cattle found at large upon any pub- lic road, can be driven by any person to the public pound. 81. Any dog chasing, barking, or other- wise threatening a passer-by in any street, lane, road, or other public thoroughfare, may be lawflilly killed for the same. 82. A written promise for the payment of such amount as may come into the nands of the promisor, is held to be an instru- ment in writing for the payment of money. 83. The declaration of an agent is not ad- missible to establish the fact of agency.— But when other proper evidence is given, tending to establish thp fact of agency, it is not error to admit the declarations of the agent, accompanying acts, though tend- ing to ahow the capacity in which he act- ea. When evidence is competent in one respect and incompetent in another, it is the duty of the court to admit it, and con- trol its efltects by suitable instructions to the jury. 84. The court has a general power to re- move or suspend an attorney for Such im- moral conduct as rendered him unworthy of confidbnce in his ofilcial capacity. 85. Bankruptcy Is pleadable in bar to all actions and In all courts, and this bar may be avoided whenever it is interposed, by showing fl-aiid in the procurement of the discharge, or a violation of any of the pro- visions of the bankrupt act. 86. -An instrument in the form of a deed, but liniited to take effect at the termination of the grantor's natural life, is held to be a deed, not a will. 87. A sale will not be set aside as fraud- ulent, simply because the buyer was at the time unable to make the payment agreed upon, and knew his inability, and did not intend to pay. 83 No man la nnder an obligation to make known his circumstances when he is buying goods. 89. Contracting parties are bound to dis- close material facte known to each, but ol which either supposes the other to be igno- rant, only when they stand in some special relation of trust and confidence in relation to the subject matter of the contract. But neither will be protected if he does any- thing, however slight, to mislead or deceive the other. 90. A contract negotiated by mail is formed when notice of acceptance of the of- fer is duly deposited in the post-offlce, pro- perly addressed. This rule applies, although the party making the offer expressly re- quires that if it 18 accepted, speedy notice of acceptance shall be given him. - 91. The date of an instrument is so far a material part of it, that an alteration of the date by the holder after execution, mrfkes the instrument void. 93. A corporation may maintain an action for libel, for words published of them and relating to its trade or business, by which it has incurred special damages. 9.3. It is unprofessional for a lawyer who has abandoned his case without trying it, a term or two before trial, to claim a fee conditional upon the success of his client, although his client was successful. 94. Although a party obtaining damages for injuries received through the default of another, was himself guilty of negligence, yet tjiat will not defeat his recovery, unless his negligence contributed to cause the in- jury. 95. A person may contract to labor for an- other during life, in consideration of receiv- ing his support ; but his creditors have the right to inquire into the intention with .which such arrangement is made, and it will 'be set aside if entered into to deprive them of his future earnings. 96. Agrantor may by express terms ex- clude the bed of a river, or a highway, mentioned as boundary; but if without language of exclusion a line is described as ' along, or ' upon,' or as ' running to ' \Yie highway or river, or as ' by,' or ' running to the bank of the river; these expressions carry the grantee to the center of the high- way or river. 97. The court will take pains to construe the words used in a deed m such a way as to eft'ect the intention of the parties, how- ever unskillfully the instrument may be drawn. But a court of law cannot exchange an intelligible word plainly employed in a deed for another, however evident it may be that the word used was used by mistake for another. 98. One who has lost his memory and understanding is entitled to legal protec- tion, whether such losd is occasioned by his own misconduct or by an act of Provi- dence. 62 LAW MAXIMS. 99. When a wife leaves her husband vol- untarily, It must be shown, in order to make him liable for necessaries furnished to her, that she could not stay with safety. Personal violence, either threatened or in- flicted, win be sufficient cause for such sep- aration. 100. Necessaries of dress furnished to a discarded wife must correspond with the pecuniary circumstances of the husband, and be such articles as the wife, if prudent, would expect, and the husband should furnish, if the parties lived harmoniously together. 101. A fugitive from justice from one of the United States to another, may be arrested ancl detained in order to his surrender by authority of the latter, without a previous demand for his surrender by the executive of the State whence he fled. 103. A watch will not pass under a be- quest of " wearing apparel," nor of ' household furniture and articles for fami- ly use." 103. Money paid for the purpose of set- tling' or compounding a proeecution for a supposed felony, cannot be recovered back by a party paying it. :Ii:i4. An innkeeper is liable for the death of an animal in his possession, but may free himself from liability by showing that the death was not occasioned by negligence on his part. 105. Notice to the agent of a company is notice to the company. 106. An employer is not liable to one of hifl employes for an injury sustained by the latter in consequence of the neglect of oth- ers of hie employes engaged lu the same general business. 107. Where a purchaser at a Sheriff's sale has bid the fall price of property under the erroneous belief that the sale would di- vest the property of all liens, it is the duty of the court to give relief by setting aside the sale. 108. When notice of protest is properly sent by mail, it may be sent by the mail of the day of the dishonor ; if not. It must be mailed for the mail of the next day ; ex- cept that if there is none, or it closes at an unseasonably early hour, then notice must be mailed in season for the next possible mail. 109. A powder-house located in a populous part of a city, and containing large quanti- ties of gunpowder, is a nuisance. 110. When the seller of goods accepts at the time of the sale, the note of a third per- son, unindorsed by the purchaser, in pay- ment, the presumption is that the pay- ment was intended to be absolute ; and though the note should be dishonored, the purchaser will not be liable for the value of the goods. 111. A man chareed with crime before a committing magistrate, but discharged on his own recognizance, is not privileged from arrest on civil process whUe retummg from the magistrate's office. 112. When one has been induced to sell goods by means of false pretences, he can- not recover them from one who has bona fide purchased and obtained possession of them from the fraudulent vendor. 113. If the circumstances attendant upon a sale and delivery of personal property are ■ such as usually and naturally accompany ' such a transaction, it cannot be declared a legal fraud upon creditors. 114. A stamp impressed upon an instru- ment by way of seal, is good as a seal, if it creates a durable impyauon in the texture of the paper. ^V 115. If a party boun^B make a payment use due diligence to make a tender, but through the payee's absence from home is unable to find him or any agent authorized to take payment for him, no forfeiture will be incurred through his failure to make a tender. Government I^and measure. A township, 36 sections, each a mile square. A section, 640 acres. A quarter section, half a mile square, .160 acres. An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide, SO acres. A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile scmare, 40 acres. The sections are numbered from one to thirty-six, commencing at the northeast comer, thds : 6 5 4 3 3 n w 8 w n e 8 e 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 .17 16 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 30 29 28 27 26, 25 81 32 33 34 35 36 The sections are all divided in quarters, which are named by the cardinal points, as in section one. The quarters are divi- ded in the same way. The description of a 40 acre lot wpuld read : The sotth ha^ of the west bau of the southwest quarter of section 1 in township 34, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be ; and some- times will fall short, and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is siipposed to con- tain. DECIMAL STSTEM OF WEIOHTS AND MEASURES. 53 THE DECIMAL SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. * As Antliorized ly Act of Congress-Approyel My 28, 1866, STANDARDS. In every system of Weiglits and Measures it is necessary to have what are called " Standards^'''' as the pound, yard, gallon, &c., to he divided and multiplied into smaller and larger parts and denominations. The definition and construction of these Standards involve philosophical and scien- tific principles of a somewhat ahstruse character, and are made and procured by the legislative department of the govern- ment. The nominal Standards in the new system are the Meteh, the Aeb, the Liteb, and the Gbam. The only real Standard, the one by which all the other standards are measured, and from which the system de- rives its name of " Metric," is the Mbteb. THE METER Is used for all measures of length, distance, breadth, depth, heighth, &c., and was in- tended to be, and is very nearly, one ten- millionth of the distance on the earth;s surface from the equator to the pole. It is about 89Ji inches, or 8. feet, 3 inches and 3 eighths, and is to be substituted for the yard. THE ARE Is a surface whose side is ten Meters, and is equal to 100 square Meters or about 4 square rods. THE LITER Is the unit for measuring solids and capa- city, and is equal to the contents of a cube whose edge is one-tenth of a meter. It is about equal to 1 quart, and is a standard m cubic, dry and liquid measures. D pg" A cubic Meter (or Kiloliter) is called a stere, and is also usedas a standard in cer- tain cubic measures. THE GRAM Is the Unit of weighty and is the weight of a cube of pure water, each edge of the cube being one one-hundredth of a Meter. It is about equal to 15^ grains. It is intended as the Standard in °0 <" ^ K 5S ffi TH d o o • a a u i-i(N03dcDdd -tj 4) a) o 'g"aa ■§•§8 8 u u o u fcs ss 58S thSS Or-iddd INTEREST TABLE. 57 WEIGHTS. Mktbio Dbnominationb and Values. EQniVAi.i!irr9 in De- nominations in Use. Names. No. of grams. Weight of what quantity of water at maximum density. Avoirdupois weight. Millier or tonnean^. 1000000 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 1-10 1-100 1-1000 1 cubic metre, Ihectolltre, 10 litres, 2204.6 pounds. 220.46 pounds. 22.046 pounds. 2.2046 pounds. 3.5274 ounces. Kilogram, or kilo, llitre, Hectogram 1 decilitre, Gram, 1 cubic centimetre 15.432 grains. 0.5432 grain. 0.1543 grain. 0.0154 grain. .1 of a cubic centimetre 10 cubic millimetres, . . . Centigram, INTEREST TABLE At Seven per Cent. In Dollars and Cents, trora $1 to $10,000. am'nt. Iday. 7 days. 15 days. 1 mo. 3 mos. 6 mos. $ $ C. $ C. $ C. $ C. $ C. $ C. 1 00 00 00« oox OIX ' 03K 2 00 oox 00>tf OIK 03>rf 07 3 CO QO}i OCX OlM 05K lOX 4 00 oox 01 02)i 07 14 5 00 oox 01>^ 03 08M IW 6 00 003i om 03K lOJi 21 7 00 01 02 04 12K 24>tf 8 00 01 02X MS 14 28 9 00 01 ¥ 02)^ 05K 15% 31>f 10 00 Jf OIK 03 0534 17>4 35 20 00% 02?i 06 ua 35 70 30 W»i 04 09 IW 62K 1 05 40 oax 05>^ 12 23 >i 70 1 40 50 01 06M 15 29K 87>tf 1 75 100 02 13>i 29 58>i 1 75 3 50 200 04 27« 58 tw% 3 50 7 00 300 06 40X 87)f 1 76 525 10 50 400 08 54>f 117 2 33X 7 00 14 00 500 10 68 1 46 2 915i 8 76 17 50 1000 19^ 1 36 2 92 5 83K 17 50 35 00 2000 39 2 72Jj: 5 83 11 665i 36 00 70 00 3000 68 ima 8 75 17 60 62 60 105 00 4000 78 B4iX 11 67 23 33K 70 00 140 00 ^ 6000 97 6 80X 14 58 29 16% 87 60 175 00 10000 1 94 13 61 29 17 68 33 175-00 350 00 $ c. 07 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 1 40 2 10 2 80 3 60 7 00 14 00 21 00 28 00 35 00 70 00 140 00 210 00 280 00 350 00 700 00 Discount and Premium. When a person bnys an article for $l,00r- 20 per cent off, (or discount,) and sells it again for $1,00, lie makes a profit of 85 per cent, on fiis investment. Thus : He pays 80 cents and sella for $1,00— a gain of 80 cents, or 25 per cent of 80 cents. And for any transaction where the sale or purchase of gold, silver, or currency is concerned, the following rules will apply in all cases. Rule 1st.— To find premium when dis- count is given: Multiply 100 by rate of discount and divide by 100, less rate of dis- count. HUI.B 3d. — To find discount when pre- mium is given. Multiply the rate of interest by 100, and divide by 100, plus the rate of premium. Suppose A has $140 in currency, which he wishes to exchange for gold, when gold is 27 per cent, premium, now much gold should he receive ! In this case the pre- mium is given, consequently we must find the discount on A's currency and subtract it from the $140, as per rule 2d, shovring the discount to be a trifle more than 21 per cent, and that he should receive $110.60 in gold. 6 pr ct. Dis. allows tSK pr ct. Pre. or profit 10" " " tu 15" " " +17>f 20" " " 25 25" " " S3)i 30" " " *43 40" " " 695i 80" " " 100 ^^ A dagger (t) denotes the profits to he a fraction more than specified. A (*) denotes profits to be a fi:action less than specified. Table of TVetebts of Grain, Seeds, &c. ACOOBSlNO TO THB LAWS OF ITEWTORK. Barley weighs 48 lb. per bushel. Beans ^^ 62 " " Buckwheat" 48 " " CloverSeed 60 " " Com weighs 68 " " maxSeed*" 55 " " Oats " 32 " " Peas " 60 " " Potatoes " 60 " " Eye " 56 " " Timothy Seed 44 " " Wheat , 60 " " *Flax Seed by cust'm weighs 56 lb. perbush In large cities nothing is more common than to see large business establishments, which seem to nave an immense advantage over all coinpetitors, by the wealth, expe- rience, and prestige they have acquired, drop gradually out of public view, and be succeeded by firms of a smaller capital, more energy, and more determined to have thefacttl^at they sell, such and such com- modities known from one end of the land to the other. In other words, the establish- ments advertise ; the old die of dignity.— The former are ravenous to pass out of ob- scurity into publicity; the latter believe that their publicity is so obvious that it cannot be obscured. The first understand that they must thrust themselves upon public attention, or be disregarded; the second, having once obtained public atten- tion, suppose they have arrested it perma- nently; while, in fact, nothing is more char- acteristic of the world tl which it forgets. than the ease with Stephen Girard, than whom no shrewder business man ever lived, used to say : I have always considered advertising liber- ally and long to be the great medium of success In business, and the preltfde to wealth. And I have made it an invariable rule too, to advertise in the dullest times as well as the busiest ; long experience having taught me that money thus spent is well laid out; as by keeping my business continually before the public it has secured me many sales that I would otherwise have lost. Facts on AdTertlslng, The advertisements in an ordinary num- ber of the London Times exceed 2,500. The annual advertising bills of one Loudon firm are said to amount to $200,000; and three others are mentioned who each annually expend fcr the purpose $50,000. The ex- pense for advertising the eight editions of the "BncyclopoBdla Britannia" is said to have been $15,000. Capacity of Cisterns or "Wells. Tabular view of the number of gallons contained in the clear, between the brick work for each ten inches of depth : Diameter Gallor 2 feeteq 2jr ^ Hals 19 80 3 44 3X 60 4 78 4« ' 97 5 122 5}i 148 6 176 6« ' 307 7 340 7X 275 8 313 8^ ' 36S » 896 9« ' 461 10 489 11 592 12 705 13 827 14 ' 959 15 ' 1101 20 ' 1958 26 ' .8069 MISCBLLANEOWS. 69 BrlUiant 'Whitenrasli. Many have heard of the brilliant stucco whitewash on the east end of the presi- dent's house at Washington. The follow- ing is a recipe for it ; itfs gleaned from the National Intelligencer, with some addi- tional inmrovements learned by experi- ments : Take half a bushel of nice nn- slacked lime, slack it with boiling water, cover it during the process to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it a peck of salt, previously well dissolved in warm wa- ter ; three pounds of ground rice, boiled to a tljin paste, and stirred in boiling hot ; half a pound of powdered Spanish whiting, and a pound of clean glue, which has been pre- viously dissolved by soaking it well, and then hanging it over a slow Are, in a small kettle within a large one filled with water. Add five gallons ofnot water to the mixture, stir it well, and let it stand a few days cov- ered from the dirt. It should be put on right hot ; for this purpose it can be kept in a kettle on a portable furnace. It is said that about a pint of this mixture will cover a square yard upon the outside of a house if proper- ly appued. Brushes more or less small may- be used according to the neatness of the job required. It answers as well as oil paint for wood, brick or stone, and is cheaper. It retains its, brilliancy for many years. There is nothing of the kind that will compare with it, either for Inside or outside walls. Coloring matter may be put in and made of any shade you like. Spanish brown stirred in will make red pink, more or less deep according to the quantity. A delicate tinge of this is very pretty, for inside walls. Finely pulverized common clay, well mixed with Spanish brown, makes a reddish stone color. Yellow-ochre stirred in makes yel- low wash, but chrome goes further, and makes a color generally esteemed prettier. In all these cases the darkness of the shades of course is determined by the quantity of coloring used. It is diificult to make rules, because tastes are diflisrent. It would be beet to try experiments on a shingle and let it dry. We have been told that green must not be mixed with lime. The lime de- stroys the color, and the color has an efi'ect on the whitewash, which makes it crack and peel. When walls have been badly smoked, and you wish to have them a clean white, it is well to squeeze indigo plenti- ftally through a hag into the water you use, before it is stirred in the whole mixture. If a larger quantity than five gallons be wanted, the same proportion should be ob- served. Hoir to get a Horse ont of a Fire. The great difficulty of getting horses fl-om a stable where surrounding buildings are in a state of conflagation, is well known.— The plan of covering their eyes with a blan- ket will not always succeed. A gentleman whose horses have been in great perimrom such a cause, having tned in vain to save them, hit upon the expedi- ent of having them harnessed as though go- ing to their usual work, when, to his aston- ishment, they were led from the stable without difficulty. Tbe Cbemlcal Barometer, Take a long narrow bottle, such as an old- fashioned Eau-de-Cologne bottle, and put into it two and a half drachms of camphor,' and eleven drachms of spirits of wine: when the camphor is dissolved, which it will readily do oy slight agitation, add the following mixture: Take water, nine drachms ; nitrate of potash (saltpetre) thirty-eight grains ; and muriate of am- monia (sal ammoniac) thirty-eight grains. Dissolve these salts in the water pnor to mixing with the camphorated spirit : then shake the whole well together. Cork the bottle well, and wax the top, but after- wards make a very small aperture in the cork with a red-hot needle. The bottle may then be hung up, or placed in any stationa- ry position. By observing the different appearances which the materials assume, as the weather changes, it becomes an ex- cellent prognosticator of a coming storm or of a sunny sky. Iieecb Barometer. Take an eight ounce phial, and put in it three gills of water, and place in it a healthy leech, changing the water in summer once a week, and in winter once In a fortnight, and it will most accurately prognosticate the weather. If the weather is to be fine, the leech lies motionless at the bottom of the glass and coiled together in a spiral form ; if rain may be expected, it will creep up to the top of its lodgings and remain there till the weather is settled ; if we are to have wind, it will move through its habi- tation with amazing swiftness, and seldom goes to rest till it begins to blow hard ; if a remarkable storm oi thunder and rain is to succeed, it will' lodge for some days before almost continually out of the water, and discover great uneasiness in violent throes and convulsive-like motions : in frost as in clear summer-like weather it lies constantly at the bottom ; and in snow as in rainy weather it pitches its dwelling in the very mouth of the phial. The top should be cov- ered over with a piece of muslin. To MiASiTEii Grain in a Bin.— Find the number of cubic feet, from which deduct one-fifth. The remainder is the number of bushels— allowing, however, one bushel extra to every 284. Thus in a remainder of 324 there would be 225 bushels. In a re- mainder of 448 there would be 450 bushels, '&c. 60 VAL UABLE BBCIPES. VALUABLE RECIPES. [The following recipes are vouched for by several who have med them and proven their virtues. Many of them have been sold singly for more than the price of this book.— Pub.] HORSES. Eras BoNB ANB SpAVUf.— 3 oz. each of Spanish flies and Venice turpentine; 1 oz. each of aqua ammonia andeuphorbium ; X oz. red precipitate ; i^ oz. corrosive subli- mate ; IX lbs. lard. When thoroughly pnl- verizsd and mixed, heat carefully so as not to bum, and pour off free from sediment. For ring-bone, rtib In thoroughly, after removing hair, once in 48 hours. For spav- in, once in 24 hours. Cleanse and press out the matter on each application. POLL-Eyn..— Gum arable J< oz; common potash }i oz ; extract of belladonna X dr. Put the gum in just enough water to dis- solve it. Pulverize the potash and mix with the dissolved gum, and then put in the extract of belladonna,and it will be ready for use. UBe with a syringe after having Cleansed with soap suds, and repeat once in two days till a cure is affected. ScouBS. — Powdered tormentil root, giv- en in mUk, from 3 to S times daily till cured. Gbease-Hbxl akd Soratohes,— Sweet oil 6 ozsjborax 2 ozs.; sugar of lead 2 ozs. Wash off with dish water, and, after It is dry, apply the mixture twice a day. Cholio m HoESBS.— To Jtf pt. of warm water add 1 oz. laudanum and 3 ozs. spirits of turpentine, and repeat the dose in about X of an hour, adding X oz. powdered aloes. If not relieved. BoTS.— Three doses. 1st. 2 qts milk and 1 of molasses. 23. IB minutes after, 2 qts. warm sage teo. 8d. After the expiration of 30 minutes, suflcient lard to physio.-— Never falls. MISCELLANEOTIS. PiLBS— Pbrpbotlt Cubed.— Take flour of sulphur 1 oz., rosin 8 ozs., pulverize and mix well together. (Color with carmine or cochineal, if yon like.) i3o««— What will lie on a five cent piece, night and morning, washing th^ parts freely m cold water once or twice a day. This Is a remedy of great value. -^ The cure wUl bo materially hastened by taking a table-spoon of sulphur In a half pint of milk, daily, until the core is affected. SuBB Cube fob Cobns, Wabts akd Chilblaijss. — Take of nitric and muriatic acids, blue vitriol and salts of tartar, 1 oz. each. Add the blue vitriol, pulverized, to either of the acids; add the salts of tartar in the same way ; when done foaming, add the other acid, and In a few days it will be ready for use. For chilblains and corns apply it very lightly with a swab, and re- peat in a day or two until cured. For warts, once a week, until they disappear. Hoop- Ail in Sheep.- Mix 2 ozs. each of butter of antimony and muriatic acid with 1 oz. of pulverized white vitriol, and apply once or twice a week to the bottom of the foot. CoMMOK Ehbumatism, — ^Kerosene oil 2 ozs.; neats-foot oil 1 oz.; oil of organum X oz. Shake when used, and mb and heat in twice daily. Vbbt Fine Soap, QinouLT and Cheap- ly Made. — Fourteen pounds of bar soap in a half a boiler of hot water ; cut np fine ; add three pounds of sal-soda made fine; one ounce of pulverized rosin ; stir it often till all Is dissolved : Just as you take it off the fire, put in two table-spoonfuls of spirits of turpentine and one of ammonia : pour it In a barrel, and fill up with cold soft water ; let it stand three or four days before using. It is an excellent soap for washing clothes, extracting the dirt readily, and not fading colored articles. VAL XTABLE BEGIPES. 61 Watee Pboot fob Lbathbr.— Take lin- seed oil 1 pint, yellow wax and white tur- pentine each 2 ozs. Burgundy pitch 1 oz., melt and color with lampblack. To Keep Cideb Sweet.— Put into each barrel, immediately after making, >.? lb. ground mustard, 2 oz. salt and 2 oz. pulver- ized chalk. S tir them in a little cider, pour them into the barrel, and shake up well. Ague CtntB.— Procure l}i table-spoons of ftesh mandrake root juice, (by pounding) and mix with the same quantity of molas- ses, and take in three equal doses, 2 hours a part, the whole to be taken 1 hour before the chill comes on. Take a swallow of some good bitters before meals, for a couple of weeks after the chills are broken, and the cure will be permanent. Cube eob Sam Eheum ob Soxtrtt. — Take of the pokeweed, any time in sum- mer ; pound it ; press out the juice ; strain it into a pewter dish; set it in the sun till it becomes a salve — then put it into an earth- en mug: add to it fresh water and bees' wax sumcientto make an ointment of com- mon consistency ; simmer the whole over a ilre till thoroughly mixed. When cold, rub the part affected. The patient will al- most immediately experience its good ef- fects, and the most obstinate cases will be cured in three or four months. Tested.— The juice of the ripe berries may be pre- pared in the same way. SuPEEiOB Paint— FOB Bbick Houses.- To lime whitewash, add for a fastener, sul- phate of zinc, and shade with any color you choose, as yellow ochre, Venetian red, etc. It outlasts oil paint. Fblokb.— Stir 1 oz. of Venice tnrpentine with Jf tea-spoonfiil of water, till it looks like candied honey, and apply by spreadijig upon cloth and wrapping around the finger. II not too long delayed will cure in 6 hours. A poke root poultice is also said to bea sure remedy. Watbe-Pboop Blackikq and Haeness Polish.— Take two and a half ounces gum shellac and half a pint of alcohol, and set in a warm place until dissolved ; then add two and a half ounces Venice tnrpentine to neutralize the alcohol ; add a tablespoon- ful of lampblack. Apply with a fine sponge. It will give a goodpolisa over oil or grease. MosQuiTOs. — To get rid of these tormen- tors, take a few hot coals on a shovel, or a chafing dish, and bum upon them some brown sugar in your bed-rooms and parlors, and you effectuiuly banish or destroy every mosquito for the night. Cheap Outside Paint.— Take two parts (in bulk) of water lime ground fine, one part (in bulk) of white lead ground in oil. Mix them thoroughly, by adding best boiled lin- seed oil,enough to prepare it to pass through a paint mill, after which temper with oil tin it can be applied with a common paint brush. Make any color to suit. It will last three times as long as lead paint, and cost not one-fourth as much. It is Supebioe. Cube toe a Cough. — A strong decoction of the leaves of the pine, sweetened with loaf sugar. Take a wine-glass warm on go- ing to bed, and half an hour before eating three times a day. The above is sold as a cough syrup, and is doing wonderful cures, and it is sold at a great profit to the manu- facturers. IIoTir to Judge a Horse. A correspondent, contrary to old maxims, undertakes to judge the character of a horse by outward appearances, and oflfers the fol- lowing suggestions, the result of his close observation and long experience : If the color be light sorrell, or chestnut, his feet, legs and face white, these are marks of kindness. If he is broad and full between the eyes, he may be depended on as a horse of good sense, and capable of be- ing trained to anything. As respects such horses, the more kindly you-treat them the better you will be treat- ed in return. Nor wUl a horse of this de- scription stand a whip, if well fed. Ifyon want a safe horse, avoid one that is dish-faced. He may be so far gentle as not to scare ; but he will have too much go- ahead in him to be safe with everybody. If you want a fool, hut a horse of great bottom, get a deep bay, with not a white hair about him. If his face is a little dish- ed, so much the worse. Let no man ride such a horse that is not an adept in riding —they are always tricky and unsafe. If you want one that will never give out, never buy a large, overgrown one. A black horse cannot stand heat, nor a white one cold. If you want a gentle horse, get one with more or less white about the head; the more the better. Many persons suppose the parti-colored horses belonging to the circuses, shows, &c., are selected for their oddity. But the selections thus made are on account of their great docility and gen- tleness. measnrement of Bay In the Mow or Stacit,— It is often desirable, where conveniences for weighing are not at hand, to purchase and sell hay by measure- ment. It is evident that no fixed rule will answer in all cases, as it would require more cubic feet at the top of amow than at the bottom. The general rule adopted by those who have tested it, is that a cube, each side of which shall measure eight feet, of solid Timothy hay, as taken &om mow or bottom of stack will weigh a ton. The rule may be varied for upper part of mow or stack according to pressure. 62 TWENTY TEAB CALENDAR. Almanac or Calendar for 20 Years. CB 1864 A 1865 G 1866 F 1867 ED 1868 C 1869 B 1870, A 1871 GF 1872 E 1873- D 1874 C 1875 BA 1876 ] G L877 F 1878 E 1879 D C 1880 F 1881 E 1882 D 1883 1 81 522 29 Sun. , Sat. Frid'y. Thurs. Wed. Tues. Mon. 2 91 623 30 Mon. Sun. Sat. Frid'y- Thurs. Wed. Tues. 3 101 724 31 Tubs. Mon. Sun. Sat. Frid'y. Thurs. Wed. 4 111 825 •■ Wed. Tues. Mon. Sun. Sat. Frid'y. Thurs. 5 121 926 Thurs. Wed. Tues. Mon. Sun. Sat. Frid'y. 6 132 027 •• Frid'y. Thurs. Wed. Tues. Mon. Sun. Sat. 7 142 128 •• Sat. Frid'y. Thurs. Wed. Tues. Mon. Sun. Jan. and Oct. A B C D E F G May. B C D E F G A August. C D E F G A B Peb., Mar., Not. D E F G A B C June. E F G A B C D Sept. & Dec. F G A B C D E April & July. G A B C D E F BxPLANATioN.— Find the Year and observe the Letter above it ; then look for the Month, and in a line with it find the Letter of the Tear ; above the Letter find the Day ; and the figures on the left, in the same line, are the days of the B»me name in the month. Leap Years have two letters ; the first is used till the end of February, the second daring the remainder of the year. • COLUMBIA. OOTTNTT. 63 COLUMBIA COUNTY. THIS COUNTY was formed from Albany, April 4tli, 1786, by an act which, defined the north boundary'as the north line of "Kinderhook District," and the south boundary as the south line of " King's District." The latter line was more accurately defined April 1, 1799. It is centrally distant north from New York 125 miles, and south-east from Albany 34 miles, its great- est length on the east line is 36 miles, on the west about 30, and its medial width is 18 miles. It lies on the east bank of the Hudson Eiver, between Dutchess County on the south, and Eensselaer, on the north, and extends east to the Mass. line. It contains an area of 688 square miles. The surface of the County is diTcrsified, though no part can be called mountainous, consisting of two longitudinal Talleys, The Taghkanick Mountains enter the State in the north-east corner of Eensselaer County and pur- sue a south course, sometimes within this State and at others within the State of Mass., to the south-east corner of this County, a distance of 50 miles, where it divides into two ridges. One continues south through Dutchess, Putnam and Westchester Counties^ sinking in its course and terminating on the Hudson, north of Harlem Eiver, forming the water-shed between the tributaries of Long Island Sound and those of the Hudson. The other bends to the Hudson, crossing the County of Dutchess obliquely, and forms the Matteawan or Fishkill Eidge, rising m the Beacon hills, near the river, to more than 1500 feet. In the north the Taghkanick is called the Williamstown Mountain, and in Sheffield, Mass., has an altitude of 3000 feet. The Peter- borough Eidge, another link of the chain, rises in Washington County, passes through Eensselaer and Cohinibia Counties, and curves through Dutchess County, with the Matteawan Eidge, to the Hudson Eiver ; west of that stream it may perhaps be re- cognized in the hills east of the Wallkill. It is low, frequently broken by the streams, and sometimes sinks to the general level of the country. The peculiar formation of the surface of the County suffers none of the streams to escape into the adjacent country. 64 COLUMBIA COUNTY. The County is a basin, retaining all the waters which rise in it, to be poured by two outlets into the Hudson, and to these waters Eensselaer County, by Kinderhook and Valatie Creeks, and Dutchess, by some small branches of Eoeliff Jansens Creek, are tributaries. The principal streams are Ancram, Claverack and Kiliderhook Creeks. Ancram Creek rises in Austerlitz and flows south at the west foot of Taghkanick Hills, through Hillsdale and Copake, to the town of Ancram, where, taking the name of the " Eoeliff Jansen," from the Dutch Eeceiver-General,\ it turns to the south-west and dips into Dutchess at Montrose; thence deflecting north-east, flows through Gallatin, Clermont and Livingston, to the Hudson Eiver, about six miles below the city of Hudson ; having a semi-circular course of about 35 miles, giving motion to many mills, and receiving several tributaries. Claverack Creek has its source in the west part of Ghent, by two branches, which, flowing south-west, unite near Claverack village, thence, turning north-'west, it runs about 18 miles to the Kinderhook at Columbiaville, where the streams unite about one mile from the Hudson. The Claverack receives near the village, from the south, the Copake Creek, which, issuing from a pond in the north-west angle of Hillsdale, and crossing south- west the town of Copake, receives the waters of Copake Lake ; thence it runs north-west through Taghkanick and Livingston, into Claverack, having a very crooked course of about 22 miles. Kinderhook Creek rises by several branches in Berlin and Stephentown, Eensselaer County, and flowing south-west into New Lebanon, receives Lebanon Creek, thence, turning north- west, re-enters Eensselaer County to receive the Taghkanick Creek; thence it deflects south-west through Chatham, Kin- derhook and Stockport, to the Hudson Eiver, augmented on the way from the east by Stony and Kline Kills, from the north by Valatie, and from the south by Claverack Creeks. Its whole course is about thirty miles, in which it furnishes many excellent water privileges, Trhich have been and still are con- tributing largely to the material growth and prosperity of the County. It IS said that no stream of equal size in the State has as much capital invested in manufacturing enterprises on its banks as this. Its upper course, except when breaking the Peterborough Eidge in Chatham and Kinderhook, is over fertile alluvial flats; its lower through deep ravines. Stony Creek issues from Whiting Pond and flows west across Canaan, into Chatham, to its recipient, having a course of eight or ten miles. COLUMBIA COUHTT. 65 Kline Kill rises in Ansterlitz, and running through the south-west angle of Canaan, crosses the north-west angle of Austerlitz into Ghent; and thence, by a north-west course, enters Chatham and unites with the Kinderhook, having a devious route of about ten miles. Valatie Creeh flows from a small pond near the north line of Nassau, forming, in part, the boundary between Nassau and Schodack, Eensselaer County, and Chatham and Kinderhook in this County^ and through Hoag's Pond, to the Kinderhook Creek, having a course of about sixteen miles. At its junction with its recipient, is a fine mill stream, turning several mills and having a fall of about 37 feet. " . In the east and north part of the County are several pictur- esque sheets of water, the principal of which are Kinderhook, Copake and Charlotte Lakes, and Whitings, Eobinson, Snyder and Khoda Ponds. The prevailing rocks are the Hudson River shales. T^e slate rocks in this County crop out toward the west, usually at an angle of 45 deg., but sometimes almost vertically. Lime- stone crops out in different parts of the County. ' The whole country, except the Taghkanick Mountains, (about which geologists differ in opinion, as to whether they should be classed with the primary or .transition system,) belongs to the transition formation. Granite and granular limestone give the constituents of the soil on these mountains, whilst graywacke and blue limestone, much of which is shelly, and much metalliferous, superimposed on slate, form the very various soils of the remainder. There are some excellent lands and much the larger portion is susceptible of great fertility. Nature, in the abundant beds of lime, has furnished the means of tempering the cold and ungrateful constituents of clay ; and in many places the lime in the form of marl does not re- quire burning to become a stimulent. The suppression of the anti-rent difficulties and the concessions made to the occupants of manorial lands, which secures a more uniform distribution among the working classes, have infused a spirit of energy into the tillers of the soil, which is manifested in the high state of cultivation of the lands, a condition which could not obtain with so much perfection under the old feudal system. Scarcely any portion of the State is better adapted to the culture of sheep, and the profits from this source, already great, are yearly increasing. Lead ore has been mined from a limestone gangue in Ancram, Gallatin, Hudson and other parts of the County, and is said to have yielded eighty per cent, of metal. As usual these ores 66 VOLVMBIA. COUNTS . contain a small portion of silTer. Iron ores are abundant in Ancram, Copake and elsewhere ; and that of Ancram is much valued. Marl is found in Canaan, Kinderhook and New Leban- on ; marble in Greenport ; and epsom salts in eflorescence on the clay banks of the river above the city of Hudson. Herma- titic ore, frequently occurring in crystals of fantastic and beautiful form, usually appearing in the lower limestones of the transition system, and improved in quality when in combination with the magnetic oxide ; manganese, in the form of manganese wad, and used to some extent for bleaching ; and peat, though less widely distributed, is found in the County. Considerable search has been made in the vicinity for mineral coal, in con- sequence of supposed indications of that substance, but with- out success. The thermal spring at Lebanon Springs, and the mineral spring in Stockport, near the line of Grhent, (which are noticed more fully in the history of the towns to which they belong,) have acquired considerable notoriety and become favorite summer resoTts. The various branches of agriculture form the leading indus- trial piirsuits of the people. Hay, (of which large quantities are pressed and sent to market,) rye, oats, corn, potatoes and buck- wheat are the staple productions. Stock raising and dairying receive considerable attention. The manufacture of paper, cotton fabrics, vegetable extracts and iron is largely carried on. A greater quantity of paper, principally straw, is made in this County than in any other in the StAte, and the facilities for its manufacture are being increased; the County also takes preced- ence of all others in the amount of tinctures and extracts pre- pared from medicinal plants. The latter is confined to New Leb- anon, the establishment of Tilden & Co. The County Seat was formerly at Claverack, but is now located at Hudson, where the ptincipal County buildings are erected. The building containing the Court House, Jury Eooms, Jail, and offices of the District Attorney, County Clerk and Sheriff, is a sightly structure, fronting on Court House (formerly Wash- ington) Square. It is built of limestone, with marble facing in front, two stories high, 116 feet long, and 60 feet high, and is surmounted by a dome. A portico extends ih front of the main building, which is supplemented by two wings, the left one be- ing occupied by the Jail and Sheriflfs famil;f, and the right, by the District Attorney, County Clerk and Sheriff. It was erected in 1835 at a cost of $40,000. The square frotiting the building extends from Allen Street, on which the Court House stands, to Union, and its handsome shade trees and well laid walks constitute it a magnificent park. From the rear ftf the building a splendid view is obtained of the South Bay, Mt. Merino, the oolxiAbia. county. 67 Hudson, the distant Oatskills bathed in misty splendor, and the Mountain House, nestled near the summit of their rugged peaks. The Jail is kept clean and well ventilated, and the physical comfort of the prisoners studied. It does not, however, seem to afford ample security, or prove to he impervious to the skill of its desperate inmates, for prisoners have several times broken through its walls and effected their escape. The number of prisoners incarcerated in its dungeons (May 1871) is twelve, nine males and three females. The offences are mainly of a petty character and result principally from intemperance. Notwithstanding the difficulties under which this County has labored in consequence of the anti-rent troubles which, in the winter of 1844-5, necessitated the presence of 700 troops, only four criminal executions have taken place within it ; two of them Dec. 18, 1789, viz ; Henry McKinsey and Timothy Jackson, who were executed for horse stealing, at Claverack, in accord- ance with the order of Dec. 5, 1789. The third case was that of Margaret Houghtaling, alias Peggy Dihsmore, who was in- dicted for murder Sept. 10, 1817, tried the 12th, found guilty the 13th, and on the 15th of the same month, sentenced to be hung, which sentence was carried into effect Oct. 17, 1817. The fourth case was that of Joseph Brown, who was found guilty of murder and hung May 30, 1868. In these executions we have a significant exhibition of the spirit of progress in our reforma- tory methods, and we may predict at no very distant day the entire supersedure of the revolting and demorahzing influences of capital punishment by more humanizing and effective measures. The Poor Home, a spacious brick building, is located in Ghent, upon a farm of 200 acres, which is worked mostly by the inmates. The building was erected in 1857 at a cost of $22,000, and, together with the surrounding buildings, has accommodations for 500 persons. The Committee appointed to visit and report upon the condition of the County Poor House, in their report to the Board of Supervisors, as published in the report of the pro- ceedings of the Board for 1870, "express their entire satisfaction with the management of the Superintendents during the past year, and award to them great credit for ability and economy. The'cost of maintaining the County poor is $4,000 less than the previous year. This reduction of expense your Committee are confident has been effected without any sacrifice of comfort to the unfortunate persons under their care." We extract from the report of the County Superintendents of Poor for 1870 the following facts : The amount expended for the support of the poor during the past year is $14,738.11. The amount received from produce raised on the farm and from other sources con- 68 COLVMBIA COUNTY. nected with the Institution was $3,981.38. The whole number relieved at the Poor House was 553, and the number remaining at the end of the year was 151. Of the number relieved, 30 ab- sconded, 349 were discharged and 33 died. The average number of paupers during the year was 164, and were supported at a cost of $1.53 a week There were four births during the year, and the mothers were, in each case, of American nativity. " The Matron reports the following articles made in the house, in ad- dition to the mending, during the past year, viz ; Men's shirts, 135 ; boy's pants and waist, 80 ; women's dresses, 79 ; women's aprons and waist, 87; women's chemises, 56; men's overalls and pants, 140; women's nightgowns, 10; children's dresses, 37 ; bed quilts 18 ; bed ticks, 35 ; sheets, 60 ; pillow slips, 100." The inventory of property belonging to the house, accompany- ing the report of the Superintendents, exclusive of sundry articles whose values are not enumerated, amounts to $4,716.70. The amount of County indebtedness in May 1871 was $165,000, the baUnce due on sum raised for bounties during the late war. This County with Dutchess form the Twelfth Congressional District, and the Eleventh Senatorial District; it is in the Third Judicial District ; and it is divided into two Assembly Districts, the first comprising the towns of Ancram, Claverack, Clermont, Copak^ Gallatin, Germantown, Greenport, Hudson City, Livingston and Taghkanick ; and the second, Austerlitz, Canaan, Chatham, Ghent, Hillsdale, Kinderhook, New Leban- on, Stockport and Stuyvesant. The most important works of internal improvement are the Hudson Eiver Eailroad, extending through the west part of the County, along the left bank of the Hudson River ; the Boston & Albany Railroad, entering the County about the center of the north line of Kinderhook, running south-east to Chatham village, thence east, in a circuitous course, to State Line, nea^ the line of Austerlitz and Canaan ; the New York and Harlem Eailroad, extending in a general south-east course from Chat- ham village to Boston Corners, at which point it leaves the County; the Harlem Extension, extending from Chatham village, through the north-east part of the County, to Lebanon Spriugs, near which place it leaves the County and continues to Rutland, Vt. ; the Hudson & Chatham branch of the Boston & Albany Railroad; and the Housatonic -Railroad, enter- ing the County near State Line and terminating at Chat- ham village. Two new railroads are proposed and it is probable they will be built. The first is a short line from Hud- son to the marble quarries in Greenport, which the interests of the proprietors of the quarries demand shall be built; the COLUMBIA OOUNTT. gg second, the Ehinebeck and Connecticut Eailroad, whose pro- I)osed route enters this County on the south line, at the junc- tion of the towns of Clermont and Gallatin, and extends along the course of EoeliflF ; Jansens Kill, which it crosses twice, through the latter town and Ancram, to Boston Corners, where it leaves the County, and turning south and running nearly parallel with the Harlem Eoad as far as the south line of the County, deflects east into Connecticut. Both routes have been surveyed, and it is proposed to extend the former road to Phil- mont, and thence to the Kinderhook line, but the route has not been decided upon. The citizens of Hudson, those who possess the means, with characteristic parsimony which prompts them to sacrifice, or rather ignore, all prospective wealth and advantages, because attended with some risk, for the immediate but meager profits resulting from invested capital, discourage the project and, as our informant says, " are effective only in throwing barriers in the way." The Company is incorporated under the name of the Hudson & Kinderhook Eailroad Co. Another, the Lee and Hudson Eailroad, is projected and a company of incorporators elected. Stimulated by great prosperity, the enterprising inhabitants .constructed many turnpike roads from the city in various directions, too numerous for public or private interest. Not producing funds adequate to their reparation, they are either falling into disrepute, or becoming public property by mere abandonment. "Among the millions who are in the habit of consulting the columns of a newspaper, doubtless there are few, comparatively, who are acquainted with its origin. According to DTsraeli, we are indebted to the Italians for the idea ; although in an- cient Eome, reports of important events, and the doings of the Senate, were frequently published, under the title of Acta Dimrna. The periodical press properly commenced at Vienna and Augsburg, Germany, in 1524 ; these bulletins were, how- ever, not printed. About the year 1563, at the suggestion of the father of the celebrated Montaigne, oflBces were first estab- lished in France, for the purpose of making the wants of individuals known to each other. The advertisements received were pasted on the wall to attract attention ; as in the case of the Eomans, this ultimately led to a systematic and periodical publication of advertisements in sheets. The epoch of the Spanish Armada, is also the epoch of the first orthodox news- paper ; although we are told by Chalmers, and it is often re- J)eated, *to the wisdom of Elizabeth and the prudence of Bur- eigh,' we are indebted for the first English newspaper, yet it is E 70 COLUMBIA COUNTY. also claimed that the first English newspaper was the Liverpool Mercuric, begun May 38, 1576, forty-five years after the Gazetta at Venice. It is also said on very good authority that the copies of The English Mercuric in the British Museum are forgeries. The circumstance of their being printed in the modern Eoman character, instead of the M»tfe \siUt of that period (1588), awakens suspicion of their authenticity. As to their orthodoxy, it is the first time we have seen it alluded to. During the reign of James I. newspapers in the quarto form were occasionally issued; but during the thirty years' war, when the exploits of Gustavus Adolphus attracted the eyes of the civilized world, we find a regular weekly paper edited by Nathaniel Butler, and published under the title of ' The Cer- tain Newes of this Present Week,' which may be regarded as the first regular weekly newspaper. During the civil war in Eng- land in 1643, there were, however, a score of the 'Diurnals' and 'Mercuries' in circulation. So important an auxiliary was the press considered, indeed, that each of the rival armies carried a printer along with it. In the reign of Queen Anne, 1702, there was but one daily paper published in London, the others being weekly issues. Steele introduced politics as an essential element of the press, and Addison sought to devote it to purely literary purposes ; the result has been the establish- ment of distinct vehicles for both. The first journal having the character of a magazine or review, was the Journal des Savants, established in Paris 1693 ; in England the first month- ly of this sort appeared in 1749. From these simple elements, has grown up an engine whose potency and influence is now felt throughout all classes of the civilized world." — Typographi- cal Miscellany, p. 60.] Jn view of the immense influence exerted by the Press, whose power, says Douglas Jerrold, " is as boundless as that of society," we have thought it not inappropriate to preface the history of the Press in this County with the foregoing extract. There are seven newspapers printed in the County, two dailies and five weeklies, and a monthly medical journal. THE HUDSON" GAZETTE, (weekly,) the first paper pub- lished in the County, was established in June 1784, by Ashbel Stoddard and Charles E. Webster, who had been apprentices together in the ofBce of the Connecticut Courant, at Hartford. Mr. Webster, being at the same time engaged in the publication of the Albany Gazette, soon retired, and Mr. Stoddard continued it alone.* In size it was 15 by 13 inches, was printed on coarse •French's " State Gazetteer," Miller's " Sketches of Hndson," and Mnnsell'B "Typographical Miscellany," state that Stoddard continued it till 1803 or '4, when it was diecontinued. The present editor is the authority on which we have relied. Wm. B. Stoddard, son of Ashbel, at present residing in Hudson, in a letter dated Dec. T, 1850, COLUMBIA COJJNTY. 71 japer with a bluish tint, and was delivered to country sub- scribers by post riders. Its first impression is dated Thursday, April 7, 1?86. In 1793 the olfice was burned out, but was soon replaced by public subscription. This was the first fire which occurred in the city, and led to the organieation of the first fire department. In September 1796, the printer first styled himself "The Editor." About the year 1823 the Gazette was temporarily suspended or merged in the Bee ; but in March, 1824, the leading members of the Eepublican party became dissatisfied with the course their organ was pursuing, and, raising a fund of some $500, purchased the old establish- ment and resuscitated the Hudson Gazette. On the T'th of Sep- tember ib that year, the first number of the new series was issued, with John "W. Edmonds (now Judge Edmonds of New York city,) as editor, at a salary of three dollars per week, and Peter Sturteyant as publisher. In 1826 Hiram Wilbur became its publisher, and Mr. Edmonds dissolved his connection with it. In 1834 the p^per passed into the hands of P. Dean Car- rique, who continued its publication until the year 1851, when it passed into other hands, and continued without any settled publisher until Sept. 7, 1857, when the establishment was pur- chased by M. Parker Williams, its present editor and proprietor. Throughout its varied career, the Gazette has always sustained a high reputation among the newspapers of its time and wield- ed a wide political influence. THE HUDSON DAILY EEGISTEK was established May 26, 1866, by Williams & Clark, having its birth in the demand ci^eated by the growing business interests of the city and Coun- ty for an organ to creditably represent them. April 10, 1869, the interest of Mr, Clark was purchased by M. Parker Williams, who is now its editor and sole proprietor. The Register is inde- .pendent in politics and still maintains its distinctive feature — the ^.dvocacy of business men and business measures. T^e Bee was removed from New London, Conn^ to Hudson, Aug. 17, 1802, and was published by Chas. Holt until 1810, when he sold the establishment to Samuel W. Clark, and moved to New York. Mr. Clark was its proprietor until 1821. It was the organ of that class who justified the war of 1812, and num- bered among its contributors Martin Van Buren, Benj. P. But- ler, John W. Edmonds, and others of equal talent and position. It next passed into the hands of John W. Dutcher, who changed its name to the pnblished In " Doc. Hiet. of New Tork," vol. 3, p. 787, aaye : " My fathen * • • print- ed the paper after the first year. In his own name, aa Mr. W. went to Albany. It was printed until 1808, when it was sold out to the " BaUauce," printed by Cioswell, Samp- son & Chittenden." 72 COLUMBIA COVNTT. Columbia Sentinel, and two years afterward united it with the Columbia Republican. The appearance of the Bee in Hudson, provoked from the Wasp, a small paper, less than letter sheet in size, issued from the office of Mr. Croswell, and edited by "Kobert Kusticoat, Esq.," the following humorous couplet : " If perchance there come a Bee ; A Wasp shall come as well as he." The Bee had been published by Mr. Holt, with some interrup- tions, during the five years previous, at New London, Conn. ; whence, having incurred fine and imprisonment under the sedition act, and consequent loss of business, which rendered it expedient to remove from his native city, at the solicitation of the Kepublicans of Hudson, he transferred his paper and ma- terials to that place, occupying the upper part of the store of Judge Dayton, which stood near the site of the present residence of Mrs. Peter G. Coffin.* The lower part of the store was used for many years as the headquarters of the Democratic Club. " ' There,' says Miller in his sketches of Hudson, " "round a red hot stove, in an atmosphere blue with tobacco smoke, seated upon old pine benches and wooden-bottom chairs, with the dust and cobwebs of twenty years remaining undisturbed upon the shelves, met the great Anti-Federal fathers of the city." Promi- nent among them were Robert Jfenkins, described as 'abrupt and decisive in his tone and manner' — Judge Dayton, ' a good citizen and upright man, fond of argument ; never convinced and nev- er convincing' — Eobert Taylor, well-dressed, portly-looking, a little obstinate and a little crusty' — David Lawrence, ' a man of great respectability, keen observation, strong sense and ready wit,' — John Hathaway, ' a worthy citizen and honest man,' — Squire Worth ' a man of integrity, good sense, but excessively odd ; short, round-shouldered and red-haired ! who once quarreled with an artist for making him look, in his portrait he said, like a one-story house with the chimney on fire,' — and lastly Capt. Alexander Coffin, * frank, generous, warm-hearted and brave.' " The Balance and Columbian Repository was commeijced in 1801 or '2, in quarto form, by Ezra Sampson, George Chittendeh and Harry Croswell, who first published it as a neutral paper ; but in less than a year it became the organ of the Federal party, the proprietors refunding to such of the subscribers as did not like the change, their due proportion of the subscrip- tion money. In 1808 it was removed to Albany, and in 1811 was discontinued. Mr. Sampson, familiarly known at that time as Dominie Sampson, was a Presbyterian clergyman and a •In his old age, Ur. Bolt obtained a remleBion of Ms One, Tritli allowance of interest by tlie GoTsmnient. COLUMBIA COUNTY. 73 Yigorous writer; Mr. Chittenden, a bookbinder; and Mr. Cros- well, a printer. The Wasp was contemporary with the Bee, and, if we may judge frona the indulgence in personal abuse which character- 'ized each, its ofiftce was to return sting for sting. It was edited a short time in the early part of the present century, bv « Eobt. Rusticoat." The Hudson Newspaper and Balante Advertiser was commenced in October 1806 by Harry Oroswell. The Bepuhlican Fountain, established in Dec. 1806, was pub- lished in the interest of the Lewisite branch of the Democratic party, about one year. It was discontinued after the election which resulted in the defeat of Mr. Lewis. The Northern Whig was commenced in 1808 by W. B. Steb- bins,* upon the removal of the Balance to Albany. He con- tinued it two or three years and was succeeded by Wm,. L. Stone, who continued it until 1816, when it passed into the hands of Eichard L. Oorss,f and subsequently, in 1831, into those of Wm. E. Stebbins,t son of the original proprietor, who continued it until 1834, when it was discontinued. It was one of the strongest Federal papers in the State. The Columbia Magazine was published at Hudson at an early date by Rey. John Chester. The Spirit of the Forum and ffudson^ Remarker was published in 1817, as a literary paper, by an association of gentlemen. THE COLUMBIA EEPUBLICAN was commenced in 1820, by Solomon ^ilber, as a Democratic paper. In 1834 it was purchased by Ambrose L. Jordan who changed its political character. It was published at different times by Ambrose L. and Allen Jordan, Charles P. Ames apd Samuel Curtiss, from 1834 to 1834; and by Lawrence Van Dyke from 1834 to 1843 ; when it passed into the hands of P. Byron Barker, who, after continuing it one year, disposed of it to Messrs. Palen & Jor- dan, he remaining its editor. In 1845 it was purchased by Messrs. Bryan & Moores. Mr. Moores retired in 1851. It is now pubfished by Messrs. Bryan & Webb. In 1824, and for many years subsequent, it was the organ of the Whig party, ♦Mansell's " Typographical Miscellany," and Miller's " Sketches of Hadeon," state that Francis Stebbins was its first proprietor, while French's "State Gazetteer" agrees with the above. tSee French's "State Gazetteer." Mnnsell's "Typographical Miscellany," gives the name of Bichard L. Cores, while Miller's " Sketches of Hudson " gives that of Bichard L. Corse. tSee French's " State Gazetteer." Both of the before named authorities agree on the name Wm. B. Stebbins. IMiller, in his " Sketches of Hudson," gives the name of the paper as The Spirit of the JSbrum and Brief £emark«r while both French and Munsell agree with the above. 74 COLUMBIA COUNTY. and in later years of the Eepublican. It is published weekly at Hudson, and its columns evince great care and ability on the part of its managers. For a year or two, about 1835-6, it was issued as The Columbia Bepuhlican and Hudson City Advertiser. The Messenger of Peace was started at Hudson in 1834 by Eiehard Oarrique, and continued one year. The Sural Repository, a semi-monthly, literary paper, in quarto, was started in 1824 by "Wm. B. Stoddard, son of Ashbel Stoddard, the first printer in Hudson. It was discontinued in 1851. During the twenty-seven years of its existence its able and judicious management secured for it a large and appre- ciative list of subscribers, who early learned to value and wel- come its regular visits, and who deeply deplored its loss. Columbia and Greene County Envoy was started at Hudson in 1831, by Edward G. Linsley,* and continued two years. The Diamond, semi-monthly, was published in 1833 by Geo. P. Stone, at Hudson. The Magnolia, semi-mOnthly, was published at Hudson in 1834 hy P. Dean Carrique. The Hudson Flail was published during, the campaign of 1840, as a Tippecanoe paper, by J. E. S. Van^Vliet. • The Thrasher was published as a political campaign paper in the Tippecanoe times of 1840. The Columbia Washing tonian was started at Hudson in 1842 by J. E. S. Van Vliet, as an advocate of total abstinence. He published it one year, and transferred it to Warren Stockwell, who, in 1847, sold the establishment to Alexander N. Webb. In 1850 Mr. Webb changed its name to the HUDSON WEEKLY STAE, and its character as a temper- ance paper to a newspaper ; and he still continues it as such. The Daily Morning Star, the first daily paper published in the County, was commenced in 1847 by Alex. N. Webb, at Hudson. In 1848 its name was changed to the Daily Evening Star, under which name it was published two months, when it was again changed to the HUDSON DAILY STAE, under which name Mr. Webb still continues to publish it. Various changes have been made in its size as the public demand seemed to require them. It is now published as a seven-column paper. •French's " State Oazetteer " gives the name of Edwin G. Lindsley. COLUMBIA COUNTY. 75 The Columbia Democrat was commenced at Chatham Pour Corners (now Chatham Village,) in 1847. The Temperance Palladium was published at Hudson in 1851 by John W. Dutcher. The Hudson Daily KewH was published in 1855 by Richard Van Antwerp. The EinderhooTc Sentinel was established at Kinderhook in June 1825 by Peter Van Sehaack. It was published weekly and was neutral in politics. In January 1832 it was changed to the Columbia Sentinel, and Elias Pitts became a partner. In July 1834 the establishment was purchased by John V. A. Hoes, a nephew of Martin Van Buren, who published it about eighteen months, when it reverted to Van Sehaack. It was subsequently changed to the Bough Notes and was published at Kinderhook since 1854 to the date of its discontinuance, by P. H. Van Vleck. The Valatie Weekly Times was published in 1853 by H. N. Hopkins. The JSqual Rights Advocate was started at Chatham Four Corners in the spring of 1846 by an anti-rent association. In 1848 it was removed to Hudson and changed to The Democratic Freeman, under which name it was published by Charles H. Collins. It was discontinued in 1855-6. The Columbia Co. Journal was published at Chatham Four Corners in 1850 by Philip H. Ostrander. Columbian Almanac, the only one ever published in Hudson, was commenced there in 1785 by Ashbel Stoddard. It was subsequently better known as Wynkoop's Almanac. " In olden times it was," says Miller in his " Sketches of Hudson," "deemed the only one reliable, and there are many at the present day, who ask for and will have no other than ' Stoddard's old Almanac,' and if it were the Same ft when commenced, would be satisfied to regulate their domestic affairs by its weather table." THE COLUMBIA COUNTY ADVERTISER was estab- lished at Kinderhook, in 1869, by "Willard Pond, who was its editor and publisher. It is now published, as a weekly paper, by William B. Howland. THE CHATHAM COURIER was established in 1862, at Chatham Pour Corners. It is published weekly, by C. B. Can- field and J. H. Woolhiser. 76 COLUUBU. COUNTY. THE JOUKNAL OF MATEEIA MEDICA was commenced at New Lebanon in 1857 by Henry A. Tilden. Its publication is continued by Tilden & Co,, with Joseph Bates, M. D., as editor. The American Repository, a paper supporting Fillmore for the Presidency in 1856, was commenced in that year, but discon- tinued shortly after the election. Its editor, K. Tan Antwerp, also commenced a daily, which was published two months, a short time before the introduction of the Repository, The Columbia County Family Journal, a semi-monthy literary paper, was commenced in 1861 by F. H. Webb, but discontinued after the expiration of six months. The first settlements were made in the north part of the County. The east border was settled chiefly by squatters from New England. On the 12th of November, 1680, Kobert Liv- ingston petitioned Sir Edmund Andross, who was then Gover- nor General of New York and dependencies in America, for a tract of land situated on Koeleff Jansens Creek, and contain- ing 3,000 acres. The Indian deeds conveying this land to him bear date of July 13, 1683, and were executed by two Indians and two squaws ; and the patent for same, issued by Thomas Dongan, bears date of Nov 4, 1684, and imposes an annual quitrent of twenty shillings. On the margin of the Indian deed appears the following provision : " N. B. — Before Signing Tamaranachquae the Indian Woman condition- ed that she should have the Privilege to plant for four years on a little hook of Land which shall be shewn to her and no more such is specially conditioned in presence of the Commissaries." Eobert Livingston petitioned Thomas Dongan, June 3, 1685, for 300 acres of land, designated in the petition as Taghkanick, and thus explains his motive for doing so ; that the land in- cluded in the former patent " after a view and Survey thereof proves much Contrare to Expectation, very Little being fltt to be Improoved." The indorsement on this petition grants only 200 acres, and requires the patent t^Jje taken out before the last day of September following. TMe Indian deed for this tract bears date of August 10, 1685 ;■ and the patent, issued by Thomas Dongan, that of August 27, 1685, and requires the annual payment of eight shillings, current money of the Province. The following is a copy of Gov. Dongan's patent for the Manor of Livingston: « Thomas Dongan Lieutenant Governor and Vice Admirall under his Majesty King James the Second of New York and its Dependencies in America To all to whom these Presents COLUMBIA COUNTY. 77 shall Come Sendeth Greeting Whereas Robert Livingston by Virtue of a Patent under idy Hand and Sealed with the Seale of the Province aforesaid bearing. Date the fourth Day of November Anno: Dom one thousand Six hundred and Eighty four is Seized and Possessed of a Certaine Tract of Land Scitu- ate and Lying on a Creek on the East side of Hndsons River Commonly Called or knowne by the name of Roeloffe Johnson Kill it being in three Plaines Called Nekankook Kickua Wic- quaskaka and two or three other Small fQatts or Plaines in all about one hundred Morgan or two hundred Acres together with Eighteen Hundred Acres of Woodland Lyeing and being betweene a Small Creek or Kill Lyeing over against Catts kill Called Wackanhasseck and a Place by the Indians Called Swas- kahamuka to the South of Roeloffe Johnsons kill that is to say two hundred Acres and Soe Runneing back into the Woods and Alsoe all Woods Underwoods Waters Runns Streams Ponds Creeks Meadows Marshes fishing Hawking Hunting and fowl- ing and all other Liberties and Previledges Hereditaments and ' Appurtenances whatsoever to the said Tract or Parcell of Land belonging or in any wise Appertaining to have and to hold the said Tract of Land and Premissesse together with all and Singular the Appurtenances aforemenconed unto the said Robert Livingston his Heires and Assignes to the Proper use and benehooffe of the said Robert Livingston his Heires and Assignes for ever to be holden of his said Majestye in free and Common Soccage According to the Tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in his Majestyes Kipgdome of England Rendering and Paying as a Quit R'ent for the Same Twenty Shillings Current Money of the Province Yearely and every Yeare at Albany upon the five and twentieth Day of March unto his Majesty h'is Heires and Successors or unto such Ofil- cer or Officers as should be Appointed to Receive the same as by the said Pattent Recorded in Secretaryes Office Relation being thereunto had may more fully and att Large Appear And Whereas the said Robert Livingston by Virtue of another Pattent under my Hand and Sealed with the Seale of the Province bearelng Deate the Seven and Twentieth Day of August Last Past is Seized and Possessed of another Tract of Land called Tachkanick Lyeing and being adjacent unto the aforrecited Tract of Land beginning behind Pattkook on a Certaine Creek that Runns into the East side of Hudsons River and is known by the name of Roeloffe Johnsons kill Beginning on the North West side of the said kill that Runns ' along the fflatt or Plaine Land at a Place Called by the Native M.inissichtanock where two black Oake Trees are marked with L and from thence along a Sni*ll Hill to a Valley that Leads to 78 ■ COLUMBIA COVNTY, a small Creeke Called by the Indians Quissicheook and. over said Creek to a high Place to the Westward of a High Moun- taihe where two black Oake Trees are marked Land is Called by the Natives Kachkawanick from thence Westward to a Small Kill 'on the side of a Creeke Called Skaanpook where two ' White Oaike Trees are marked L and soe runns a Long the Eastside of the said Creeke which a little lower is Called by the Name of Twastawekah and is the Westerly Bounds the South- erly Bounds beginning on the other side of the Creeke that runnes along the fllatt or Plaine over against Minissichtanock where two Trees are marked and runnes alon^ the foot of the High Mountains to the Path that Goes to Wawijchtanok to a hill Called by the Indians Mananosiek where two Trees are marked L on the Southwest side of the Path from thence West- ward to a Creeke Called by the natives Nachawawachkano where two white Oake Trees are marked L which Creeke Comes into the other Creeke called Twastawekak which is the West Bounds and soe Incloses all the Land above recited the Place where the two Creeks meet being Called Mawichnanck the fllatt or Plaine Land Lying on both sides of the said Creeke Containing about three hundred Morgan or Six hundred acres together with all and Singular the Trees Timber Woods Under- woods Swamps Moores Marshes Meadows Eivoletts Streames Creeks Waters Lakes Pooles Ponds fishing Hawking Hunting and fowhng and whatever Else to the said Tract of Land with- in the Bounds and Limitts aforesaid belonging or in any wise Appertaineing to have and to hold the said Tract and Parcell of Land and all and Singular the^ Premisses and every Parte and Parcell thereof unto the said Robert Livingston his Heires and Assignes unto "the Sole and only Proper use beniflfitt and be- hooffe of him the said Eobert Livingston his Heires and As- signes for ever to be holden of his said Majesty his Heires and Successors in free and Common Soccage According to the Tenure of Bast Greenwich in the County of Kent in his Majestyes Kingdome of England Yielding Eejjdering and Pay- ing therefore yearely and Every yeare unto our Soveraigne Lord the Kings Majestye his Heires and Assignes or unto such officer or officers as shall by him be Appointed to receive the same Eight shillings Current Money of the Province on the five and Twentyeth Day of March at Albany as by the said Pattent Ee- corded in the Secretarys Office Eelation thereunto had may more fuU;^ and at Large appeare all which Tracts or Parcells of Land Lyeing togeth^ are Bounded and Linaitted in manner hereafter Expressed and menconed that is to say on the North by a line to be Drawne from a Certaine Creek or kill over against the South side of Vastrix Island in Hudsons Eiver COLUMBIA COUNTY. 79 Called Wacliankasigli to a Place Called by the Natives Wawa- naquassick where the Heapes of Stones Lye being near the head of a Certain kill or Creek called Nanapenahekan which comes out of a Marsh Lyeing neare unto the said kills of the said Heapes of Stones upon which the Indians throw upon an- other as they Passe by from an Ancient Custom amongst them and from thence extending to the Northermost End of the kills that are to the North of Tacahkanick known by the name of Ahashewaghkick and on the East from Ahashewaghkick afore- said along the said Hills to the Southermost End of the same Called Wichquapakkat and from thence by a Streight Line tb the South East End of a Small Peece of Land Called Sakah- qua and Nakaovaewich and on the South by a Streight Line Drawne from thence to the Southermost Bounds or Bowcht of Eoeloffe Johnsons kill and from thence by a Streight Line to a Place on the Kiver side Called Sanskahampka which Lyes over against the Sawyers Creek and on the West by Hudsons Eiver Including all the Land on both sides of Eoeloffe John- sons Creek or kill And whereas the said Eobert Livingston hath been at Vast Charges and Expence in Purchasing the said Tracts and Parcells of Land from the native Indians and alsoe in Settling and Improveing the same and for Encourageing the future Settlement the said Eobert Livingston hath made Appli- cacon unto me that I might Constitute and Erect the said Tracts or Parcells of Land within the Bounds and Limitts aforesaid to be a Lordship and Manner and Confirme the same unto him his Heires and Assignes by Pattent under the Seale of the Province Know Yee therefore that I the said Thomas Dongan for the Consideracons aforesaid by Virtue of the Authority to mee Derived from his most Sacred Majesty and the Power in me Eesiding have Given Granted Eattified Ee- leased and Confirmed and by these Presents Doe Give Grant Eattifie Eelease and Confirme unto the said Eobert Livingston his Heires and Assignes all that and those Tract and Tracts Parcell and Parcells of Land Lyeing and being Scituate within the Limitts and Bounds aboverecited together with all the Messuages Tenements Buildings ffences Orchards Gardens Pas- tures Meadows Marshes Woods Underwoods Trees Timber Quarreys Eivers Eunns Eivoletts Brooks Ponds Lakes Streames Creeks Harbours Beaches fiSshing Hawking Hunting aud fowl- ing Mines Mineralls (Silver and Gold Mines only excepted) and all the Eights Members Libertyes Jurisdictions Eoyalties Heri- ditaments Profi&ts Advantages and Appurtenances whatsoever to the Tracts or Parcells of Land belonging or in any wise Ap- pertaineing or Accepted Eeputed Taken knowne or Occupyed as Parte Parcell or Member thereof together with fishing in 80 COLUMBIA COVSTY. Hudsons Eiver so farr as the said Land Extends on the said Eiver and Moreover by Virtue of the Power and Authority to me the said Thomas Dongan Given and the Power in mee Residing as aforesaid and for the Reasons and Consideracons aboverecited I have and by these Presents Doe Erect make and Constitute the said Tracts and Tracts of Land as in the Limitts and Bounds aforemenconed together with all and every the above Granted Premissesse with Every of their Appurtenances into one Lordshipp or Manner to all Intents arid Purposes and the same shall from henceforth be €alled the Lordshipp and Manner of Livingston and I the said Thomas Dongan have also Given and Granted and by these Presents Doe Give and Grant unto the said Eobert Livingston and. to the Heires and Assignes of the said Eobert Livingston full. Power and author- ity at all times and for ever hereafter in the said Lordship and Manner one Court Leet and one Court Baron to hold and keep at such time and times and Soe often Yearely as he or they shall see meet and all fines Issues Americaments at the said Court Leet and Court Barron to be holden with the said Lord- shipp and Manner to be Sett forfeited or Imposed and Payable or happening at any time to be Payable by any the Inhabitants of or within the said Lordshipp or Mannor of Livingston or the Limitts or Bounds thereof and also all and every the Powers and authorityes herein before mencened for the holding and keeping the said Court Leett Courtt Baron from time to time and to award and Issue out the Customary Writts to be Issued and awarded out of the said Court Leett and Court Bar- on to be kept by the said Eobert Livingston his Heires and assignes for ever or theire or any of theire Stewards Deputed and appointed with full and ample Power and authority to De- straine for the Eents Services and other Sumes of Mony Pay- able by Eeason of the Premisses and all other LawfuU Eem- edyes and nieanes for the haveing Possessing Eeceiving Levy- ing and Enjoyeing the Premissesse and every parte and Parcell of the same and all Wasts Estrayes Wrecks Deodands Goods of felons happening and being forfeited within the said Lordshipp and Mannor and all and every sume and Sums of Money to bee Paid as a Post fine upon or fines to be Levyed of any Lands Tenements or Hereditaments within the said Lordshipp or Mannor of Livingston together with the advouson and Eight of Patronage and all and every the Church and Churches Erect- ed or Established or hereafter to be had Erected or Established ' in the said mannor And lastly I the said Thomas Dongan by Vir- tue of the Power and authority aforesaid Doe Give andGrant Un- to the said Eobert Livingston his Heirs and Assignes that all and Singular the Tennants of him the said Eobert Livingston COLUMBIA COUNTT. 81 within the said Mannor shall and may at all times hereafter meett together and Choose assessors within the said Mannor according to such Kules wayes and Methods as are Priscribed for Cittyes Countyes and Townes within the Province by the acts of Genarall Assembly for the Derfrayeing the Publique Charges of Each Eespective pitty Towne and County and all such Sumes of Mony Soe raised to Colect and Dispose of for the use aforesaid according as in the said Act of Genefall as- sembly is Established and Directed To have and to hold all and Singular the said Mannor of Livingston and Premisses with theire and every of theire Appurtenances unto the said Robert Livingston his Heires and assignes for ever to the only Proper use and behoofife of him the said Robert Livingston his Heirs and assignes for ever to bee holden of his Majesty his Heires Successors and assignes in free a Comon Soccage accord- ing to the'Tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in the Kingdome of England aforesaid Yielding and Paying therefore unto his said Majesty his Heires Successors and as- signess or to such officer or officers as shall from time to time be appointed to Receive the same on the five and twentyeth Day of March Yearely for ever at Albany the full and Just Sume of Eight and twenty Shillings Currant Mony of this County In Witnesse whereof I have hereunto Sett my Hand and Caused the Scale of the said Province to be affixed at Fortt James in New Yorke this 22d Day of July Anno Dom one thousand Six hundred and Eighty Six and in the Second Yeare of his Ma- jestye Reigne over England Ace Thomas DoNQAia;."* The Livingston Manor contained about 160,240 acres, and included nearly all the present towns of Ancram, Clermont, Co- pake, Gallatin, Germantown, Livingston and Taghkanick. It was first settled by tenants about the beginning of the last century. Earl Bellomont, in his letter to the Board of Trade, January 2, 1701-2, says of it : " Mr. Livingston has on his great grant of 16 miles long and 24 broad, but 4 or 5 cottages as I am told, men that live in vassalage under and work for him *The following are the deflnitionB of the Indian namei which occnr in the patent and upon the maps of Xhe'iitaiof.—AhathawaghJtiek, a hill in the north-weet corner, on MaBBachueettB line ; Acawanuk, a flat or rock In north part of North Bast, Dutchess Co. ; Kaehwawyick, a place west of a certain mountain ; KieJiua, or Kicxpa, one of three plains near Boeliff Jansens Creek ; Mananosick, a hill in west part, near Massa- chnsetts line ; Mawanagwuick, stone heaps on north line; Mi^uukakook, a "cripple bnsh" on south line of patent ; Mawlehtuue, a flat on both sides of a creek where It joins Boeliff Jansens Creek : JUinmUiie/itanock, a piece of land north of Boeliff Jan- sons Creek ; Notnanagiuaiick, on north line of Manor, (Santhier's map) ; Nachawaw- aehkano, a creek tribntary to Twastawekak ; Nichankooke, one of three plains near Boeliff Jansens Creek ; Potthook, patented to E. Van Bensselaer, south of Kinder- hook; QfAHchkook, a small creek north of Boeliff Jansens Creek ; Saaikahampka, oi awatkanamaka, a place opposite Sangerties, Ulster Co. ; aaeahka, on the north line of the town of North £!BSt ; aankhmak, Boeliff Jensens Kill; Skaankooky a creek ; Tow- astawtkak, or Ttraitauiekak, a creek : WaehantkaUek, a small stream opposite CatsktU Creek ; Wahankatick. near Boeliff Jansens Creek, (Santhier's map) ; Wawyachtonock, a place ; WtiehguopuAiau, sonth-east comer of Massachneetts. 83 COLUMBIA COUNTY. and are too poor to be farmers haTing not wherewithal! to buy cattle to stock a farm." Prom and after 1716 the Manor was represented by a member in General Assembly. A question subsequently arose, whether the freeholders on the 6,000 acres sold to the Queen,* could Tote for the Eepresentative of the Manor. A paper indorsed " State of the Case of the Free- holders of the Camp," concludes with these " Observations " on the subject : " 'Tho' the Sou and Freehold of that 6,000 acres which is now called the Camp was sold by Robert Livingston, it yet remained a part of the Man- ner and enjoyed all the Hereditaments and appurtenances to it belonging. This 6,000 acres is included within the bounds and limits of the Grant and Confirmation In 1715, and tho' the Grant of the Soil of those 6,000 acres is excepted, they are nevertheless included and made part of the Mannor as much as any other part of it is. Consequently all the free- holders of that 6,000 acres, or the Camp have a right to vote for the Rep- resentative sent by the Mannor of Livingston to serve in General As- sembly of this Colony." The grant of the Manor was confirmed by the Eoyal authority in 1715, and, says Clarkson in his "Clermont, or Livingston Manor," " belonged strictly to that pernicious class of institutions, close boroughs, which gave way with instantly before the equal influences of Eepublicanism ; but which from the more congenial soil of England, half a century has hardly extirpated." Before his death, which took place in 1738, Eobert Livingston bequeathed to his son Eobert that part of the Manor now included in the town of Clermont, about 13,000 acres, as a reward for having discovered and frustrated a plot, which the Indians had formed, for the massacre of all the white inhabitants of the Province; and the residue to his eldest son, Philip. The' latter was succeeded by Eobert Living- ston, Jr.; and m 1793 the land east of the post road was divided between Walter, Eobert C, John and Henry Living- ston, the devisees of Eobert Livingston, Jr., according to the provisions of his will. The shares of the four sons were understood to be about 38,000 acres, some deductions having been made by the running of the line between this State and Massachusetts. The most important settlement was made by German Palatin- ates, in 1710, upon a tract of 6,000 acres, which now consti- tutes the principal part of Germantown, and which had been sold back to the Government by Eobert Livingston. These Palatinates, with others, to the number of 3,000, who, in the previous year, had fled to England from the rage of persecution in Germany, accompanied Brigadier-GeneraJ Eobert Hunter, a *ror farther partlcnlars see history of Germantown. COLXTMBIA COUNTY. 83 native of Scotland, who arriyed as Governor of the Province, in June 1710. Many of them settled in New York city, and others in Pennsylvania. The following extract from a letter written . by Lord Clarendon to Lord Dartmouth, under date of March 8, 1710-11, indicates the degree of prosperity which awaited those of them who settled on the Livingston Manor ; he says : " It is most certain that no person that has his Limhs, and will work, can starve in that country, every Man or Woman above 15 years of age may earn two Shillings and three pence New York money (whifih is Eighteen pence sterling) every day in the Year except Sundays. Handi- crafts men, such as Smith, Joyners, Carpenters, Masons, and Bricklayers, may earn at least Five Shillings New York money every day they will work, so that nothing can bring those people into the danger of starving but willfuU Laziness." Livingston, in his report of the subsistence of the Palatines "up to March 25, 1711, appears to have subsisted them for six- pence per day for each individual. These facts exhibit a strik- ing contrast between what was then considered a fair remunera- tion for similar services^— sufiScient to meet the demands 6f subsistence and a Jhodicum of prosperity — and the insignifi- cance of the sum deemed adequate to supply all the wants of those primitive settlers as compared with what is required at the present day. In the letter above quoted Lord Clarendon thus expresses what he conceives to be Livingston's motives for effecting the settlement of the Palatines upon his Manor : " I think," he says, " it is unhappy that Col. Hunter at his iirst arrival in his Government fell into so ill hands, for this Living- ston has been known many years in that Province for a very ill man, he formerly victualled the forces at Albany in which he was guilty of, most notorious frauds by which he greatly im- prov'd his Estate, he has a Mill and a Brew house upon his Land, and if he can get the victualling of those Palatines who are so conveniently posted for his purpose, he will make a very good addition to his Estate, and I am persuaded the hopes he has of such a Subsistence to be allow'd by Heif iMajesty were the Chief if not the only Inducements that prevailed with him to propose to Col. Hunter to settle them upon his Land, which is not the best Place for Pine Trees, the" Borders of Hudson's Biver above Albany, and the Mohawks Kiver, Schenectady, are well known to be the best places for Pines of all sorts both for numbers and largeness of Trees. * * * My Lord, upon the whole matter I am of opinion that if the Subsistence proposed is allowed, the consequence will be that Livingston and some others will get Estates, the Palatines wiU not be the richer." The territory of Massachusetts, under its charter, extended westward to the Pacific Ocean, and grants were made by that 84 COLVMBIA COUNTY. Colony. With a view of settling their claims upon the Hud- son, the Boston Government, in March 1673, sent John Paine to New York to solicit permission to pass and repass by water. The application was received with cold civility, and the subject referred home for the decision of His Majesty. Gov. Lovelace improved the occasion to remind the Massachusetts people of the distrust with which they had received the Commissioners sent over in 1664, and intimated that their application under other circumstances might have been diflferently received. Conflicting claims from grants issued by these two Dolonies gave rise to bitter contentions and riotous outbreaks. Arrests made under Massachusetts warrants led to riots and bloodshed. In Dec. 1751, persons from Massachusetts surveyed part of the land lying within the Manor of Livingston, under pretence of its lying within that Colony, dissuaded the tenants from hold- ing the same under Livingston, and promised grants and patents under the Colony of Massachusetts. Some were in- duced to petition the Massachusetts Government for grants and titles. This constrained Livingston to commence actions for trespass and ejectment, in which the defendants compromised by taking new leases and giving Security for the payment. of costs. Oliver Partridge wrote him under date of March 24, 1752, that, in consequence of an order of a committee of the General Court of Massachusetts, he had laid 'out a large farm encompassing the dwellings of "Michael Halenbeeck" and Josiah Loomis, two of Livingston's tenants, and added, " and you may depend on it the Province will assert their rights to said lands." Fearing that a recourse to the usual process of law would fail to put a stop to the disturbances, and being re- luctant to contest this matter alone with the Massachusetts Government, he petitioned Gov. Clinton to cause application to be made to the said General Court with a view to effect a stay of proceedings until the true division line between the two Colonies was settled, and to cause the arrest of such persons as, under similar pretence, should, during the pendency of the de- cision, disturb him in the possession of his lands. Wm. Smith, Attorney General, in his report on this petition, says : "lean by no means think it Expedient that ' Your Excellency Issue ' Your Order to the Justices of the peace Living in and near the ' mannor of Livingston, to Cause such Person or persons as shall ' till such settlement under the Pretence tif Right in the Province of ' the Massachusetts Bay, Disturb llpe Petitioner in his scAd Pos- ' session, to be apprehended and committed,' Because I Conceive that your Excellency's Interposition in that form, would rather tend to Obstruct than promote an amicable settlement of the said Division Line, neither could I at any time advise Your COLUMBIA COUNTY. 85 Excellency, to Issue your Order in such General and unlimited Terms, because I think such order would be against Law, and Liable to great abuse. Nevertheless, if such Disturbances should be frequently Committed, so as to become a public (Grievance, and the Government of the Massachusetts Bay will not Hearken to Your Excellency's Eepresentation on the part of this Government, but will countenance and abett such Pro- ceedings, I conceive, that in such Case it will be the Eight of this Government, to Defend itself against such Encroachments. * * * But as to private Injuries by Entries into the Petitioiiers Lands, and Disturbing his Possession, I conceive, that it is most Expedient, that Your Excellency do not Inter- pose at present by any Extraordinary Act or Order, but Leave the Petitioner to his Ordinary Eemedy at Law, and if any of his Possessions are forcihly taken or forcibly h^ld from him, the Statutes of England, being duly put in Execution, will suflS- ciently punish the offenders, and afford a speedy Eelief to the Petitioner and give him an adequate Eemedy, in a way strictly conformable to law." The Council to whom was submitted for investigation, the question involving the right to the lands in dispute reported adversely on the claims of Massachusetts. Pending the consideration of his formef petition, Livingston, on the 31st of May, 1753, again petitioned Gov. Cliaton for redress from the 'threatened and actual encroachments of the Massachusetts Colony on his lands, in which petition he sets forth that one, Wm. Bull, and fifty-seven other persons, " as was pretended," and claiming to include some of Livingston's tenants, petitioned the Massachusetts Government for aqertain tract of landi two-thirds of which was included within the Manor of Livingston, which petition was granted, the land sur- veyed and a " Tree-fence " cut round it, notwithstanding his remonstrance to the Massachusetts Government through the committee by it appointed; also that one, David Ingersoll, pretending to act by authority of the Massachusetts Govern- ment, "who had been veiy industrious in seducing" his tenants, " dissuading" them from the payment of their rents," and also had issued warrants against his Clerk and Overseer, the execution of which was prevented by the vigilance of his servants, who were obliged to arm themselves in their defence ; and further that a suit instituted by him against George Eobih- son, for trespassing on his land and carrying away his goods, was defended by Joseph Dwight, at the instance of the Massa- chusetts Government, under whose authority Eobinson claimed to act, which action he construed as aidinlg and abetting such trespasses,* and encouraging others of a lilie nature ; and that, unless he received relief ft'om the Government, he should be F gg COLUMBIA OOUNTT. obliged to relinquish his claim to the lands in dispute, solely from his inability to contend, alone, with the Massachusetts Government. On the receipt of this intelligence, Gov. Clinton, in a letter to Lieut.-GoT. Phips, dated July 28, 1753, urged him to bring the matter t6 the attention of his Government in such a manner as would, effect a stay of proceedings during the pendency of the deliberations looking to the settlement of the boundary line and favor an amicable adjustment of the diffi- culties involved in the dispute, and accompanied his letter with a copy of a proclamation which, in consideration of the forcible removal of Eobert Vanduersen and his son Johannis from the Manor of Livingston, by certain persons pretending to act under authority of the Government of Massachusetts Bay, in order to confine them in some jail in that Colony, for a tres- pass committed on lands lying within the Manor of Livingston, but claimed to be in possession of a^nd under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Government, charging and commanding the Sheriffs of the Counties of Albany and Dutchess, or either of them, and the constables and all other officers in those Counties, jointly or severally, to apprehend and take all per- sons concerned in said riot and all who may hereafter under pretence of title or authority from the Massachusetts or New Hampshire Governments enter upon and take possession of any lands panted under the Great Seal of the Province of New York, and commit them to jail, there to.remain until delivered by due course of law. The following letter, though deficient in felicity of expression, doubtless accomplished its mission : " Claverack, 11 th August, 1753. "CozN Bob. Livingston, "Last night I was Credible Inform that the New England People Intirely Intendeth to Take you Dad or Alife, the TJnther Shirrif has been to the Informer to take a Dibotation to take you «& had order to Pay for Every Assiatin Eight Shillings Bounty, the Informer desire youl be on your Gard — "The Barer hereof William Pandell will unther take to Gitt Josiah Loomis if he Can Gitt any Power, Pray Incourrige him ixom yr Hume Cozn H Kbnsklaeb" The conciliatory report of the Massachusetts Legislature on Clinton's letter of July ?8, 1753, accompanied by an equally conciliatory letter from Gov. Shirley, of Massachusetts, set forth the grievances of the subjects of that Government, claiming that Livingston with above sixty men, armed with guns, swords and cutlasses, entered upon lands in possession of Josiah Loomis, cut down and carried away his wheat, and destroyed above five acres of corn, and that for these proceedings the arrests com- plained of by the New York Government were made ; and furth- er that "Michael Hallinbeck," who was imprisoned by the^ lat- aOLVMBIA COZTNTT. . 87 ter GoTernment and still held ia custody, notwithstanding good bail had been offered for his release, bail having been accepted by their G overnment for the release of subjects of the JSTew York Government, imprisoned for similar offences. A committee was appointed to confer with a similar committee representing the New York Government, with a view to arrive at a better under- standing of the difficulties existing between the two Govern- ments, and adopt measures calculated to prevent their recur- rence. These disturbances incited, perhaps, by persons who were jealous or distrustful of the final disposition of the per- plexing question of boundary and the manner in which their - interests were likely to be affected thereby, or restless under the tardy action of the Governments interested, led to arrests and counter-arrests, bloodshed and death, and necessitated proclama- tions by and voluminous correspondence between the two Gov- ernments. " With respect to the Titles under which the Inhabitants hold their possessions," says Gov. Wm. Tryon in his report to the Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Province of New York, in 1774= j "Before the Province was granted on 12th March, 1663-4, by King Charles the Second to his brother James Duke of York, the Dutch West India Co. had seized it, made settlements and Issued many Grants of Land. In August 1664, the country was surrendered by the Dutch to the Eng- lish, and by the 3d Article of the Terms of Capitulation it was stipulated ' That all People shall continue free Denizens and shall enjoy their Lands, Houses and goods wheresoever they are within this County and dispose of them as they please.' Some lands of the Province are held under the old Dutch Grants without any confirmation of their Titles under the Crown of England, but the ancient Eecords are replete with confirmatory Grants, which the Dutch Inhabitants are probably the more so- licitous to obtain from an Apprehension that the Dutch Con- quest of the Province in 1873, might render their Titles under the former articles of Capitulation precarious ; though the coun- try was finally restored to the English by the Treaty signed at Westminster the 9th February, 1674. Prom that period it has remained in the possession of the English, and the Duke of York, on the 29th of June, 1674, obtamed a new Grant from the King, of all the Territories included within the former Let- ters Patent in 1663-4. " During the life of King Charles the Second, the Duke of York as proprietor of the Soil, passed many Grants (by his Gov- ernor) in Pee, and since his accession to the Throne, Grants have continued to issue under the Great Seal of the Province, in consequence of the Powers given the several Governors by 88 COLUMBIA COVNTT. their Commissioners and Instructions from the Crown. Two instances only occur of Grants or Letters Patent for Lands un- der the Great Seal of Great Britain. * * * " These are all the different modes by which the inhabitants have derived any legal Titles to their Lands within the limits of this Province, whence it appears that all their lawful titles to Lands in Fee, except in case of old Dutch Grants unconfirmed, originated from the Crown either medi%teiy through the Duke of York before his Accession to the Throne, or immediately by Grants under the Great Seal of Great Britain or of this Pro- vince. " Purchases from the Indian !N"atives, as of their aboriginal right have never been held to be a legal Title in this Province, the Maxim obtaining here, as in England that the King is the Fountain of all real property, and from this source all Titles are to be derived." Combinations were formed to dispossess the proprietor of the Livingston Manor, which resulted in tumults and murders. In 1791, the Sheriff of the County was murdered by an armed mob while in the discharge of his oflBcial duty. We extract the following account of the anti-rent diflBcnlties and the causes which led to them from the " N^ew American Cyclopedia," vol. 1, p. 668 : " The Dutch West India Company, in order to promote the settlement of the country in New Netherland (now New York), authorized its members to take up land upon the banks of the streams and rivers, 16 miles on one side, or 8 miles on each side, and so far back as might be convenient, on condition of introducing, within a limited time, 50 settlers for every mile of land. The proprietor was invested with the title and privileges of a lord patroon or protector, and his colony or manor was governed by the same customs and laws as were the feudal manors of the United Provinces. A large number of manors were created under the Dutch, and subsequently under the English colonial government, and ex- isted at the outbreak of the American revolution. 'The feudal system of Europe was thus transplanted to the new world. After the revolution, a very large portion of the land in the settled parts of New York was held by the patroons, and the cultivators occupied their farms on leases for one or more lives, or from year to year, stipulating for the payment of rents, dues and services, copied from the feudal tenures of England and Holland. Almost every incident of the tenures iii soo- cage and villeinage we're imposed by contract upon the manor- ial tenants. Purveyances, pre-emption, fines for alienation, banalities, ban services, and other similar conditions, burdened most of the farms. In 1779 and 1785, laws were enacted by | COLUMBIA COUNTY. 89 the legislature of the State abolishing feudal tenures, but the proprietors of manor grants unwilling to give up all their feudal claims, contrived a form of a deed by which the grantees covenanted to perform services, and pay rents and dues, pre- cisely similar to the feudal incidents thus abolished. The Counties of Albany, Eensselaer, Coluhibia, Greene, Ulster, Delaware, Schoharie, Montgomery, Herkimer, Otsego, Oneida, include within their limits most of these manors. The people who had settled in these counties, had long been dissatisfied and restive under the feudal exactions imposed upon them, and in 1839 began to consult together about some plan to throw off the burden. Associations were formed in the small counties, and delegates appointed to meet and deliberate for the general welfare. The local societies thus formed soon become known as anti-rent associations. Ere long, the people became more and more engaged and excited, and the an ti -rent feeling mani- fested itself in open resistance to the service of legal process for the collection of manorial rents. A secret organization was devised, extending through several counties, by which bands of men were formed, and pledged upon summons to appear dis- guised and armed, and ready to protect the persons of the tenants from arrest, and from the service of process, and to guard their property from levy and sale upon execution. So soon as a sheriff appeared in one of the disaffected towns, a troop of men collected in fantastic calico dresses, and with faces masked,' or painted to imitate Indians, and armed with pistols, tomahawks, guns and cutlasses, and generally on horse- back, gathered around him, or hovered near, warning him away and deterring him by threats from performing his duty. In Columbia, Eensselaer, Albany and Delaware counties, during the years 1844 and 1845, large assemblages of men so armed and disguised were accustomed to meet and hear speeches, and to pass resolutions. The leaders and sachems assumed Indian names, such as Big Thunder, Little Thunder, Blackhawk, &c., and the highways and villages became familiar with' their antics and whoopings. A conflict between them and the civil authorities was inevitable. The complicity of some officers, and the timidity of others, emboldened the disguised bands, and their audacity and fancied impunity from recognition and arrest led them to appear often in the roads, and to more open demonstrations of their numbers and power. Citizens who disapproved of their conduct were now subjected to insults in the streets and at their houses, and bad and violent men, under cover of these disguises, sought- occasion to gratify their pas- sions in acts of reprisal and revenge upon persons who had incurred their enmity. The first conflict which awakened 90 COLUMBIA COUNTY. general attention to the state of affairs, happened in the town of Grafton, in Rensselaer County. A troop of the calico In- dians riding along the highway, met a man nalned Smith, driving a team with a load of wood, Smith had been out- spoken in denunciation of their proceedings, and they bore ' him no good will. An altercation ensued, and Smith, a man of coarse nature and yiolent passions, raised his axe to strike at some of his assailants, when a pistol shot from an unknown hand prostrated him to the ground. He died in a few minutes. The men in, disguise dispersed. A legal investigation, at which more than 200 persons were from time to time ex- amined, failed to disclose the author of the deed, and to this day it is not known who fired the fatal shot. Subsequently, at a mass meeting in Sleepy Hollow, in Columbia County, a pistol accidently fired, killed a boy of the name of Eiefenberg. In 1845, a deputy sheriff of the name of Steele, who had accompanied the sheriff of Delaware county to the town of Andes, to attend a sale of goods upon execution for rent, was killed. A large num- ber of persons were indicted for the murder, but, as the act of killing could not be brought home to any individual, verdicts of manslaughter were found against several,persons proved to have been present armed and disguised. Previously to this fatal transaction, the sheriffs of Rensselaer and Albany counties had each been openly ^nd threateningly resisted in the exercise of their duties, and the military force of the County had once, in Rensselaer, been called out to aid the officer in the service of process in the town of Nassau, and once in Albany County, for a like purpose in the town of Rensselaerville. A rude system of telegraphing gave warning in all the towns of the approach of an officer, and from all quarters came flocking the mimic In- dians as rapidly and mysteriously as the gathering of Clan Al- pine at the summons of Eoderic Dhu. The Legislature in 1844 passed some laws against appearing disguised and armed, and imposed severe penalties upon such as should violate the law, or in such disguise resist due service of process, or interfere with the civil oflBcers in the exercise of their duties. In his mes- sages of 1841 and 1843, Gov. Seward had alluded to anddiscussed the grievances complained of by the tenants. He recommended a reference of the matters in dispute to arbitrators. He appoint- ed three men to investigate the questions in dispute, to hear the parties by their witnesses and counsel, and to make report to the legislature. This commission failed to accomplish any- thing. The disaffection and excitement increased, owing to th§._obstinate_and unyielding exactions of the landlords and the factions and illegal acts of the tenants, until finally the tragedy at Andes brought matters to a crisis. Gov. Wright issued a COLUMBIA COUNTY. 91 proclamation, declaring Delaware County in a state of insurrec- tion, and formonths the village of Delhi was a military encamp- ment, and squads of soldiers perambulated the county making arrests, and frightening the good people into obedience to the laws. The trials and con-victions at Delhi, and the conviction of certain anti-renters at Hudson for conspiracy and resistance to law, put an end to operations by the self styled Indians. The anti-rent associations determined to form a political party, whose policy should be to elect all town and county officers from their own ranks, and to vote for ;ao state, civil, judicial or executive officers, unfriendly to them, or unpledged to their cause. In the legislatures of 1843, '3, '4, '5, '6, and "t, about one- eighth of the members were elected in the interest of the anti- renters. In the Constitutional Convention of 1846, some of the ablest men were avowedly anti-renters, or advocates of their measures and principles. Their influence procured the inser- tion of a clause in the new Constitution, abolishing all feudal tenures and incidents, and forbidding the leasing of agricultural land for a term exceeding twenty years. The legislature, at successive sessions, passed laws which bore heavily upon the landlord interest, and tended gradually to ameliorate the condi- tion of the tenants. In 1846, Gov. Wright, who was a candi- date for re-election, was defeated by 10,000 majority for John Young, whom the anti-renters had nominated. The policy of voting for their friends without regard to former political opini- ons, exerted a marked influence over politicians, and the anti- renters have, since been able to command a patient hearing in the legislature and the courts. Gov. Young pardoned from the state prison all the so-called anti-rent convicts, on the ground that their ofiencea were rather political than criminal, and that it was the wise policy of all good governments to forgive and restore to citizenship political ofienders, after the law had been vindicated and order and peace restored. Since 1847, the ex- citement which threatened the peace of the community has died out, the anti-rent influence is no longer felt as a disturb- ing force in politics, and the anti-rent organization contents itself with lawful efforts to contest in the courts the validity of the titles of the landlords and the legality of the conditions and covenants contained in the manor grants. Hundreds of suits are pending in the courts, in which every legal objection to the manor grants is raised. Already the Court of Appeals has decided that the quarter sale reservation, or covenant, is a feu- dal incident, abolished by the law concerning tenures, passed February 20, 1787, and therefore void. The remaining coven- ants and conditions reserved in grants in fee will be brought to the same test. The anti-rent excitement which at one time as- 93 COLUMBIA. COVNTY. sumed the formidable type of insurrectioo, and foreboded re- bellion and civil war, has expended itself in legitimate political action, and will end in a peaceful solution of all its difficulties in the courts of law." In Dec. 1844, the Governor ordered out seven companies of militia to assist the Sheriff of this County in the discharge of his duties. Most of the leases which had been issued were for one, two, or three lives ; but the anti-rent diflSculties have led to the policy of cohreying the title in fee as rapidly as circum- stances will admit. But sixty or seventy lease farms, mostly owned b^j the daughtesrs of the late Henry W. Livingston, and situated in the towns of Copake and Taghkanick, yet remain to attest the ownership of the once Iprdly tract embraced in the Livingston Manor, Although certain sections of the County still evidence the effect of the feudal system, the most kindly feeling now prevails between landlord and tenant. During the Revclutiohary war, and for several years after, this section of the country was much infested by robbers, and acts of violence were of frequent occurrence. A party of rangers was orgsJiiized to suppress them ; and under the act of May 11, 1780, £1,500 was raised to defray the expenses thus in- curred. This County is rendered conspicuous by. the many eminent men to whom it has given birth and residence. It is claimed, and we believe with reason, that the County has furnished more illustrious men than any other of equal size and population in the State, or than any other State iu the Union, excepting, perhaps, that of Vir- ginia. Eight times has the Bar of this County been honored by selections from its members for seats upon the bench of the Supreme Court, and those of its number who have sought other fields in which to exercise their talents and learning, have acquired enviable reputations and honor among their fellow men. The modest and unpretending old Court House, so long the seat of the County Courts, but now superseded by a more commodious and pretentious building, has witnessed many an intellectual tourna- ment, such as has seldom, if ever, been surpassed in the history of the country. GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 93 GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. ANCRAM was formed from Livingston, March 19, 1803, as Gallatin. Its name was changed March 25, 1814, and Gal- latin was taken off in 1830. It is the south-east corner town in the County. It was included in the Livingston Manor. The line bordering upon Taghkanick was altered at the time its name was changed. A narrow triangular tract of about 1,000 acres, in the extreme east part of the town, knoWn as " Boston Corner" formerly belonged to the town of Mt. Wash- ington, Berkshire Co., Mass. The Taghkanick Mountains ex- tend along the east border of the tract, and form an almost im- passable barrier between this and the remaining parts of that town. Thus entirely isolated from the seat of civil authorityf it became the resort of fugitives from justice, prize fighters, and others of like character, who bade defiance to the laws and practiced their unlawful acts with impunity. In December 1,848, the inhabitants petitioned to be annexed to New York, to which Massachusetts consented in May 1853. The cession was accepted by New York, July 21, of the same year, con- firmed by Congress, January 3, 1855, and the Corner annexed to this town, April 13, 1857. This has since been re-annexed to Massachusetts, and a part of the town annexed to Copake by the straightening of the boundary line between the two towns. The surface of the town is broken and hilly. In the east part the hills range in a »orth and south direction, but else- where they are irregular. Koelifl' Jansens Kill, which takes the name of Ancram Creek in this town, crosses the town in a sou^h-west direction. A narrow intervale, bordered by steep, irregular hills, extends along its course. The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed with clay. Iron ore has been obtained at various places from the hills upon the east border of" the town, and lead is mined at Hot Ground. The iron mines have been worked for many years. An ore bed, owned by a New 94 GAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. York firm, located near Ancram Center, is connected with the Harlem Kailroad by a track one and one-half miles long. December 1, 1757, James De Lancey forwarded to the Com- missioners of the Board of Trade, by direction of the British Government, the following account of the iron made at An- cram, in the Livingston Manor, where, he said, was the only iron works in the Province, they belonging to Eobert Living- ston ; several others having been begun and discontinued, owing to the mismanagement or inability of the undertakers. The total amount of iron made from the year 1750 to 1756, both inclusive, was 3,318 tons, 13 cwt., 3 qrs., and 16 lbs. The lead mine was discovered on land leased by the keeper of the Livingston Manor. Eobert E. Livingston purchased the lease and sold it to a New York Company, by whom the mine was worked for many years. A shaft was sunk one hundred feet, and galleries opened in different directions. The population of the town according to the census of 1870, was 1,793, of which number 1,687 were natives, and 106, foreigners; 1,783 white, and 10, colored. The number of school districts in the town for the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, was 13 ; the number of teachers employed, 10 ; the number of children of school age, 643; the average attendance, 209.894; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,417.17. Ancram, (p. v.) situated on Eoeliff Jansens Creek, and the proposed line of the Ehinebeok & Connecticut E. E., in the west part of the town, was formerly celebrated for its iron works. These were erected as early as 1756. The ore was obtained from Salisbury, Conn., and from the mines in the east part of this town, and pig and bar iron of a superior quality was made. It now contains two churches, two stores, two hotels, one paper mill, one saw mill, two blacksmith and car- riage shops, one harness shop, four carpenter shops and one boot and shoe shop. Hot Ground, (Ancram Lead Mines p. o.) located a little south of the center of the town, contains two hotels, one store, two blacksmith shops and a distillery. Boston Corner, (p. o.) situated in the east part of the town, is a station on the Harlem E. E., and on the line of the pro- posed Ehinebeck & Connecticut E. E. It contains one hotel, one store, one blacksmith shop and one carpenter shop. Ancram Center is a hamlet. The post office at this place was discontinued in 1871. The town was first settled by the Dutch in the vicinity of An- cram village. At an early day the inhabitants suffered from the encroachments of the Massachusetts people, with whom they be- OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. 95 came involved in disputes of a serious nature, arising from the indefinite boundary line between the two States. The adherents of the two Governments were alternately dispossessed of lands whose right of possession they claimed by virtue of titles deriv- ed from patents issued by their respective Governments, if the attacking party was accompanied by suflScient force to accom- plish this purpose. The following letter which appears in the 3d vol. Doc. Hist, of N. Y., on page 473, addressed to Robert Livingston Jr., may be read with interest by those who now enjoy peaceable possession of their homesteads ; and may afford a pleasing contrast between the turbulence which characterized their possession by their ancestors, and the quiet in which they are held at the present time : "Makor Livingston, May 6, 1755. " Honle 8r " On Monday Mr. Connor went to Warn the People to Assist on Thuesday Morning at Taghkanick and as he Arrived to Anchoram about Sun Down he Waslnformed that there Was a proclimation from ye Livetenai^t Gover- nour of Boston Nailed upon Dirck Spoor Door and Mr. Conner being Un- easie to know what Was Meant by the proclimation being put up there he Went to Dirck Spoors and When they seen him Comeing towards the house they took it of and Locked it up in one of their Chest But Mr Con- ner Insisted Upon Seeing the paper that was Nailed to the Door and After Some Dispitte Got it out of the Chest Which is Now Inclosed and sent to You for Your Better Information and as Mr Conapr was in Comeing Whome he Came by Anchoram Where he Stayed Bjl Ten O'clock at Night he Likewise ordered the people of Anchoram to keep together in one house and to be Sure to Make Deffence, But in Steed of Deffendine Themselves the fled after a Base Manner and Made No Eesistance at aU. " Inclosed you have the Number of Men Which Were taken This Morn- ing out of Anchoram By the New England Company and your Servt Jacob Knight Who Was among them and Call'd out to the New England People to ty the Anchoram and as Mr Connor Informed me that the New England Sheriff Come uo to Mr Decker and Shook hands With him and said he Would not take" him and Mr. Decker never offered to make any Ressistance and all against him and it's said they are to Come and take Mr Conner and the Rest of the Anchoram People and We are Going there Now With a Company of men to Assist him as far as We Can. I am bond Sr your most / Obedient & faithfiill Servt Dkce Swakt." "THE NTJMBBR TAKEN FBOM ANCHORAM." ,, " James Elliott, the Clarke ; Niel MacArthur, Founder ; Hugh MacCay, Filler ; Jacob Showers Founder, Samuel Herris Do, Charles MacCarthur Morris When Angus MacDuffey the number took there were " Robert Noble Thomas Whitney Jacob Spoor Cornelius Spoor Andries Reese Jonathen Derby Francis Balviel a Soldr belonging to Albany Gar- rison Ebenezer Pain John Van Gelden an Indian Joseph Van Gelden an Do Jacob Kneght Mr Livingstons Servant 103 ye Whole Number." 06 OAZMTTEEB OF TOWNS. A JJSTJERLITZ ■was formed from Canaan, Chatham and Hillsdale, March 38, 1818. It lies on the east border of the County, north of the center. The eastern and central parts of the town are broken by irregular ranges of hills, and the west part is undulating. The principal streams are Green Eiver,. which rises in the north, and runs through the eastern part of the town, and Punsit Creek, a tributary to Kinderhook Creek; which runs in a north-westerly direction, through' the western part. The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed in some places with slate and clay. The hills are mostly arable to their sum- mits. The population in 1870 was 1,442 ; of which number 1,293 were natives and 147, foreigners ; 1,393, white and 49, colored. The report for the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, shows the num- ber of school districts to have been 14, employing the same number of teachers ; the number of children of school age wtis 404 ; the average attendance, 144.618 ; and the amount expend- ed for school purposes was $2,717.06. Spencertown, (p. v.) is situated on Punsit Creek, in the west part of the town. It contains three stores, two hotels, two churches, (M. E. and Presbyterian,) the Spencertown Academy, which was established mainly through the exertions of Rev. Dr. T. Woodbridge, one common school, two grist mills, one cab- inet shop, two blacksmith shops and about 200 inhabitants. It is distant four miles south-east of Chatham Village, and nearly the same distance east from Ghent. Austerliiz, (p. v.) located in the valley of the Green River, in the eastern part of the town, is about eight miles south-east from Chatham Village. It contains one store, one hotel, one church, one school house, one wagon shop and about 150 in- habitants. Upper Green River, named from the stream of the same name, is a hamlet in the south-east corner of the town. The first settlements were made about 1745 to 1750, by squat- ters from Connecticut, among whom were John Dear, John Williams, Seth and Truman Powell, James Sexton, Ephraim Kidder, and families by the name of Osborne, LaWVence, Spen- cer and Whitmore. Uel Lawrence, who was born in this town June 11, 1786, and is consequently 85 years old, and whose mental faculties are still vigorous and clear, informs us that Judahmonis Lawrence, his father, was the first settler in what is now known as Austerlitz ; he having come here from Con- necticut in 1754. Says Rev. Dr. Elbert S. Porter, in an address delivered at the Centennial Celebration of the Reformed Prot. Dutch Church of GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 97 ClaTerack, in 1867 : " The first grass-mower used here was in- vented by a Mr. Beal, of Spencertown, about thirty years ago. It had a straight scythe, and was at least, a good experiment in the right direction." CANAANvfs^s formed as "Kings Dintrict," March 24, 1772, and its name was changed March 7, 1778. A part of Chatham was taken off in 1795, and New Lebanon and a part of Auster- litz in 1818. It is situated on the east border of the County, in the northern part. The surface is very irregular. Spurs of the mountains which separate it from Massachusetts make their appearance in nearly all parts of the town. In some instances they approxi- mate the character of mountains, attaining altitudes of frotn 300 to near 500 feet, presenting, however, continuous rather than lofty detached summits, and are shrouded with a stinted growth of mountain shrubbery. They traverse the town in a north and south direction and their extent and altitude is such as to produce considerable effect npon the climate. The val- leys present a light soil which is warm and productive, and by far the largest proportion is arable land. The hills are prin- cipally shistic, or a mixture of slate with silicious or flinty stones and soils ; and occasional ledges of calcareous stone that yield lime of a good quality, though these are principally confined to the valleys. In these the soil is mostly a light shistic gravel, intermixed with mold, and of considerable depth ; and though too light for wheat after the thin covering of vegetable mold is exhausted, yet, being warm and light, is easily restored by good husbandry and a skillful rotation of crops. Slate, of a good quality, limestone, lead ores, in the form of galena, which as usual contained a small piortion of silver, some samples of an inferior quality of iron ore, and a considerable variety of magnesian stones, nave been found. A quarry near the center of the town yields slate of a dark bine color, from which may be obtained plates of any required size and thickness. Whitings Pond, a fine sheet of pure water, ' near five miles in circumference, situaited in the east part of the town, discharges a small mill stream that crosses the town centrally, running westward, and has fine and extenpve mill sites at the outlet of the Pond. This stfeam is tributary to Kinderhook Creek. Other small streams water itii surface. The soil has been much improved by the use of gypsum, and much of it may be pronounced good for agricultural purposes, especially the yarious garden products. Thd papulation of the town in 1870 was 1,877; of this number 1,649 were natives and 228, foreigners ; 1,849, white —9 ^ 98 OAZETTEES Of TOWNS. and 38, colored. During the year ending September 30, 1870, the town contained 10 school districts, in which were employed the same number of teachers. The number of children of school age was 665 ; the average attendance, 187.938 ; and the amount expended for school purposes, $2,531.44. Canaan Four Corners, (p. v.) situated in the north part of the town, is a station on the Boston and Albany E. K. It con- tains one hotel, 'two stores, One church, (Presbyterian) one school house, one carriage shop and about 200 inhabitants. Flat Brook (p. T.) is situated in the south-east par.t of the town and is a station on the Boston & Albany E. E. It con- tains one store, one saw mill, one school house and about 70 in- Jiabitants. • Canaan, (p. v.) in the west part of the town, contains one hotel, one church, one store, one school house and about 150 in- habitants. Canaan Center (p. v.) contains about 50 inhabitants. For- merly; in stage coach times, it was more prosperous than it now is. The railroads have sapped much of its vitality and diverted its business enterprise. Queechy is situated at the outlet of Whitings Pond, in the north-east part of the town. Red Rock, (p. v.) so named from a large rock by the road side, painted red, and surmounted by a wooden column about ten feet high, bearing the date "Jan. 1825," is located in the south- west corner of the town, and is distant five and one-half miles east from Chatham Village, whence it receives its mail by special supply. It contains one store, one church, one school house, one saw mill, one grist mill and about 100 inhabitants. The Shakers, who reside in the north-east corner of this town, are chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits. They raise garden seeds to a limited extent, and manufacture brooms, mop sticks and other similar articles. A more extended notice of this interesting class of people will be found in the history of New Lebanon, where the majority of this society reside. The settlement of the town was commenced about 1756. Among the first settlers were families named Douglass, "Warner, Whiting, Alesworth, Baldwin and Hawley. The first mill was built by Wm. B. Whiting, about 1775. The early inhabitants suffered much during the Eevolutionary war, by its general bur- dens, and by the alternate ;per8ecution8 of the Whigs and Tories. This mill, stored with grain belonging to the Government, was burned by Tories during the war. In the first book of records is a memorandum, without date or signature, stating that "the QAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 99 town records were kept on loose paper previous to 1773, but not probably but a few years. The deed from the Indians of 6 miles was executed in 1758. ' The compensation was £350, that being paid for 6 miles square." The record is continued May 5, 1773. At a meeting of the citizens oi" Kings Bietrict," June 34, 1776, held for the purpose of choosing delegates to the Provincial Con- gress, it was voted to recommend to that body the passage of a de- claration of Independence. William B. Whiting, Asa Waterman, Philip Prisbie, Martin Beebe, Elisha Pratt, Captain Baldwin, Daniel Buck, Elijah Bostwick, Gideon King, Jarvis Mudge, Sam- uel Johnson, Samuel Gillett, L. A. Herrick, Joseph Wood, John Woodworth and Samuel Baily were appointed a committee to prepare a memorial making such recommendation to Congress. Samuel A. Curtiss was the first white child born in Canaan, where he spent the whole of his useful life. He was industri- ous, frugal, and possessed ,a remarkably placid disposition. His public services were always performed with marked ability and tidelity. He was a member of the first church of Canaan, and was, for fifty-six years, an honored and eflBcient deacon therein. He was married tU 1786. His wife, who was a woman of rare judgment and was invariably consulted by her husband with regard to all his secular affairs, was born in Colchester, Conn., and removed to Canaan when she was only three months old, where she continued to residfe until her death. They enjoyed sixty-five years of conjugal bliss, which was terminated by the death of a loving and helpful wife, March 14, 1851. He sur- vived her only seven weeks, when he too, at the age of 87, put aside the misty veil to restore the charm which life had lost in her death, and ren#w the bonds which it had broken. The age of his wife, Patience, at death, was 84. The Flat Brook Baptist Church was organized in 1773, by Elisha Barnes, with 35 members. Elisha Barnes was the first pastor. The first house of worship was erected in 1776 ; and the present one, which will seat 150 persons, in 1836, at a cost of $3,000. The present number of members is 70, and the pres- ent pastor is A. W. Ashley. The First Presbyterian Church of Canaan was organized,, in 1839, with 70 members, and Hotchkins Taylor as its first pas- \ tor. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 200 persons, was erected in 1839, at a cost of $3;000. Its present estimated value is $4,000. George W. Warner is its present pastor, and it now has a membership of 67. The Congregational Church, located near Canaan Four 'Cor- ners, was organized in 1773, as is supposed by Eev. Mr. Earrand, with Rev. Joht Camp as its first pastor. The estimated value 100 OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. of the -present house of worship, -which was erected iu 1829, and will seat 400 persons, is $6,000. Its present pastor is George W. Warner, and membership, 55.. The original number of members is not known, but the Church has been la^-ger and more powerful than it now is. CHATHAM was formed from Canaan and Kinderhook, March 17, 1795, and parts of Austerlitz and Ghent were taken off in 1818. It lies near the center of the north border of the County. It is a good agricultural district, and presents a great diversi- ty of soil. Ledges of shistic or slaty rocks traverse it north and south and form hills of moderate height, which are mostly arable to their summits, or fit for pasture lands ; and between these are broad fertile vales of a warm and productive shistic gravel, intermixed with clay, with many tracts of rich alluvial lands along the creeks, which are pretty numerous. In the east, along the west border of Canaan, is a range of hilly land, of a strong loamy soil and very stony, while uie lowlands are almost destitute of stone, except in the ledges. Kinderhook Creek, the principal stream, enters the town near the north- east corner, and running in a south-west direction,, leaves it a little south of the center, furnishing in its course numerous valuable mill sites. *Steeny Creek enters the town on the east, a little south of the center, and after taking a western de- tour through the south part, and furnishing power for many mills, including n6 less than nine paper mills within this town, empties into Kipderhook Creek near Chatham Center. In- dian Brook enters the town in the south-east corner and again in the south-west corner, running along the west line to Kin- derhook Creek, which it enters just within Kinderhook. These and other small streams furnish an abundance of ex- cellent water privileges, a fact of which the enterprising in- habitants of this town have not been ignorant. There are eleven paper mills in tihe town, nine on Stecny Kill and two on Kinderhook Creek, and others are in course of construc- tion. They manufacture straw and manilla paper, principally straw. Besides these, various other mills and manufacturing establishments are in operation. Ample facilities for transport- ation of farm products or manufactures are afforded by the Boston & Albany, the Hudson & Chatham branch of that ro^d, the Harlem and the Harlem Extension railroads, all of which center at Chatham Village, on the south border df the town. The population of the town in 1870, exclusive of Chatham Village, was 2,426 ; of this number 2,045 were natives and 381, •Meaning Stony. OOLVMBIA COUNTY BVBINESS DmEOTO-BY. 101 STAPLE & FANCY DRY GOODS. ITS, MATTINGS AP Oil ClOTBS! We offer in-great variety, and in price as loiy as can be bought in the State, Rogers & Bros.' Silver Plated Wai^e, AT LISTS' PRICES. 5^000 Roll« of IVall Paper, trom S C3ent«ii to $1.30 per Roll, the latter In Oold. OIL AND PAPER WINDOW SHADES. Jolm Edwards' Imitation of French China. jiiso a Imr/e sloek of Stone Cht'na. f^lass rtnd - ., ,, -H-',^. ,.- Stone Warn. , .• ■ - . ' 0MM0B '.eS#OBBIBSi) TEAS AND COFFEE A SPEClAIiTY. i^ Remember, no Adulterated Goods Sold at this Store, ^ By the Car Load, direct fi-om the Mills of St. Louis, Mo., and JRocheeter, N. Y, . FR-OFE-IETOR-S. G 102 COLUMBIA COVNTT BUSINMSS DIRECTORY. TRAVER & BELL, DEALERS m DM tiOODS, GROCERIIS, BATS, CAPS, Paper Hangings, Oil Cloths, Yankee JVoiions, £c. ^ Main Street, Chatham Tillage, IV. Y. JAMES B. TEAVBK. CHAELES H. BELL. CARRIAGE AUD SuEIGII MAKER> Chatham Village, N. Y. Carriages & Sleighs made to order and on hand for sale. g^ JOBBIW PROMPTLY ATTENDED. TO. " GEO. W. SHEPARD, BLANK BOOK MANUFACTURER, 265 River Street, (Dd Stairs,) Troy, N. Y. Is prepared to execute all styles of BOOK BINDII^O in the best manner, on short notice, and at low rates. BLANK BOOKS of every description, manufactured for the trade and to order. ^~ Particnlar attention paid to first class BULING in all its branches. OLD BOOKS BE-BOTTND Neatly and Snbstantlally. MUSIC, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS, &r., bound to order. ^^ Orders solicited and promptness and satisfaction guaranteed. OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. 103 foreigners ; 3,341, white and 85, colored, During the year end- ing Sept. 30, 1870, there were in the town 18 school districts, in which 17 teachers were employed ; the number of children of' school age was 954; the average attendance, 361.648 j and the amount expended for school purposes, $6,411.^. Chatham Village, (p. t.) better known as Chatham Pour Cor- •aers, situated on the south line, partly in this town and partly in Ghent, was incorporated March 19, 1869. It is pleasantly located in the valley of the Steeny Kill, on which rfc stands ; and being the terminus of the Harlem, Harlem Extension and Hudson and Chatham Branch of the Boston & Albany railroads, and an important station on the latter road, it presents a scene of life and, bufliness activity which the absence of tbege thorough- fares would not impart. But the citizens evince an energy and prescience which augur well for the future prosperity of the vil- 'mge. Its population is about 1,500. It contains a bank, print- ing offices {Chatham Courier, a weekly paper,) fouT hotels, three churches, (Catholic, M. E. and Eeformied,) one school, one ma- chine shop and furnac© and one paper ittill, with anotherih pro- cess of erection. The headquarters' of the Columbia County Agricultural Society is located here. It is much to be regretted that no such statistics as would enable us to present- a concise yet comprehensive exhibit of the agricultural interests of the County, as we hoped to be able to do, have been kept by it^ PaM CMhtm, (p. v.) near the center of the east border, is a station ©a iihie Boston & Albany Railroad, and oontains two hotels, two eharcb^e^ (Baptist aad M. JJ,) . seveial gtoses, one achool, tw# bjaokamith shops, a wagon shop, a paintshopja grist mill and 239 inhabitants* . Chatham, {p. v.) in the noHih-eiast part, six and eme-fourth miles distant from Chatham Yillage, is a station on the Harlem Extension Eailroadj and (foatains &ree hotels, one chuTch, (M. E.) three stoires, ooe furnace, one saw mill', one gfist mill, a mowing' maichine manufactory, a carriage ehoi*, harness shop, blacksmith shop, a school house and about 300 inhabitants. Neijb Concord, (p. v.) on the line of Canaan, near the south part, contains one school, one church, (Reformed) one store, and aibout 108 inhahitants. Near this place is a snlphur spring. EayviUe, namfld after DayidRaj, an. eariy settlea:, located in the DjOrth-east part of the town, contains #ne etoie, onjg ohnreh, ,y(iBrJends) one s(iool and about 80 inhabitant* ' ' Chatham Cefriets (f-v.) situated on- Einderhook Creek, is a station on the Boston &s Albany ^ilroadi It is futeasantly G 104 GAZBTTEEB OF TOWNS. located and is a thriving little village. It contains one church, (M. E.) a school, three stores, a wagon and blacksmith shop, a paper mill and about 134 inhabitants. Maiden Bridge, (p. v.) located in thie north part of the town, on Kinderhook Creek, has about 300 inhabitants. It contains a school house, a church, (M. E.) two hotels, a store, a black- smith shop and the best and most extensive paper mill in the County. Rider's Mills, (p. v.) also in the north part and on Kin- derhook Creek, contains one store, one school, a blacksmith and wagon shop, and about 75 inhabitants. Considerable damage was done here by the freshet in 1869, which swept away the grist mill and saw mill. They have not been rebuilt. North Chatham, (p. v.) in the north-west corner of the town, on Valatie Kill, contains three stores, a saw mill, cider mill, three blacksmith shops, a carriage factory, two paint shops, two churches, (Baptist and M. E.) a school house and about 200 inhabitants. This place was fbrmerly called Wiederwax Street, after Wiederwax, one of the first settlers in this locality. Dr. Eichard S. Peck was another of the early settlers in this vicinity. The first settlements made in the town was by persons from Kinderhook, but originally from Holland, A company from Connecticut settled at New Concord in 1758; among them were John Beebe, and others named Cady, Hurlburt, Palmer and Davis. A#little west of -Chatham Center was a stone house, used as a defense against the Indians during the Eevolu- tion. A man named Vosburgh, who lived near this place, was killed and scalped ; but hiS" family escaped. Spafford's Gazet- teer, published in 1813, thus notices the inhabitants of this town at that early day: They are, he says, "principally farmers, of plain manners and frugal habits, well adapted to their occu- pations. The household wheel and loom, aided by the carding machines, supply the most of the common, and much of the finer clothing, and the state of agriculture is very respectable. There are 138 looms in families, which make yearly about 73,000 yards of cloth. Gypsum is much used as a manure, and with great success. The roads are rather too numerous to be good, though improving very fast since the introduction of turnpikes, of which there are three or more in this town. The Post-OflBce is but recently 'established, on the turnpike from Albany to Stockbridge, about 15 miles from Albany." We leave our readers to draw the contrast, which is a vivid one, between those and the present times. QAZBTTBBB OF TOWNS. 105 The M. E. Church was organized in 1856, with 76 members, and T. W. Chadwick as its first pastor. It now has 98 mem- bers, and Rev. Wm. P. Harris for its pastor. The present h^use of worship was erected in 1856, at a cost of $5,000, and will comfortably seat 300 persons. CLAVJEBACK (Claw-ve-rack) was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, fourteen years previous to the organization of the County, and was erected as a town March 7, 1788. Benson's Memoir, p. 44, thus explains the origin of the name; the town formerly extended to the Hudson, and the bluffs on the bank were named the "Klauvers," (clovers,) whence "Claver-reach," or " Claverack." This is corroborated by the following extract ' which appears in a communication to The Columbia Republican, from Rev. J. Bdson Rockwell, D. D., printed in that paper Jan. 34, 1.871, and which is copied from the monograph of Hudson's voyages, published in London, in 1859. " In giving a general description of the North River it says : All the reaches (racken,) creeks (Killen,) headladn (hocken,) and islands bear the names which were accidentally given them in the first instance, as swadel-rack (swath reach.) A short strait between high hills where in sailing through they encounter whirlwinds and squalls, i. e., which they call swadelen (swaths or mowing sweeps,) 'T- Claver Rack (Clover reach,) ' from three bare places, which ap- pear on the land,' probably a fancied resemblance to trefoil or clover." Hillsdale was set off from this town in 1782, and Hud- son in 1785. A part of Ghent was taken off in 1818. It lies near the center of the County. The surface has considerable diversity, and there are ledges of rock that extend north and south, forming hills of moderate height, while the inter'Vening valleys are very extensive. The east part is more hilly ithan the west, which is undulating. On the west it is washed by Claverack Creek, a fine mill stream, and a branch which comes from Hillsdale, spreads over the central part and supplies many mill seats. AH these creeks are very extensive alluvial flats, which are frequently inundated and very fertile. There is much alluvion along the ^mailer streams. Of the upland level part, a considerable portion has a soil of argillaceous loam, and there are small tracts of stiff clay. The scarcity of timber, which at an early day was severely felt and tended to depreciate the value of the land, is compensated in a measure by the abund- ance of coal which is made easily accessible by railroads. Ori- ginally, here were extensive glades of level land, wooded pnly by scattered copses of thornapple, the common thorn, and a variety of similar wild-fruit shrubbery. The forest groves usu- ally were less luxuriant than in the more hilly lands of the ad- 106 OAZETTMEB Of TOWNS. jacent country. The Claverack flats are proverbially rich, and nothing can, perhaps, exceed the abundant luxuriance of their products. Hoffman's Pond, in the south-east corner of the town, covers an area of about 80 acres, and abounds in fish of various kinds. In some parts the pond is ven^ deep. Its banks, which on the east are marked by rocky bluffs, and on the west and south by cultivated fields, are dry and gravelly. Its outlet is Copake Creek, with, which it is connected by a small streani. The population of the town in I87O was 3,671. Of this num- ber 3,345 were natives and 326, foreigners ; 3^607, white and 64, colored. Tlie report for the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, shows that there were 14 school districts, and the same number of teachers employed in the town ; that the nuniber of children of school age wa^ 1,134; the average, attendariee, 339,773; and the amount expended for school purposes, $5,051.95. Claverack, (p. v.) situated in the west part of the town, four and one-half V miles from Hudson, is a station on the Hudson & Chatham Branch of the Boston & Albany R. E. It contains a fine hotel, three churches, (Episcopal, M. B. and Eeformed,) the Claverack College and Hudson Eiver Institute, four stores, two wagon shops, two blacksmith shops, a large paint shop and 350 inhabitants. The County seat was formerly located here, but was removed to Hudson in 1806. This caused its^ population and business to decline and converted it into a purely farming district. Its citizens, with iiat industry and frugality yhicn is character- istic of the Dutch, from whom a large portion are descended, have acquired wealth, and have surrounded their homes with such comforts and conveniences as th^ir taste and ample means enabled them ; thus supplementing that beauty which nature had previously rendered so attractive. The Claverack College and Hudson Biver Institute is located upon a beautiful eminence in the north part of the village, and commands an extensiv^ yie^ pf the surrounding country and distant Catskills and Mtn. House. Through the kindness of the Principal we are enabled to give the'following history of this worthily famed school and the conditions out of wbiph it has grown. He says: " The first high school established in this Qowty was at Claverack. It was natn^d Washiogton Semiii^ry; wa^ begun iu 17,7?, apd supceg^fUUy founded in 1779, during ike progress of the Bevolutionary war. Its origin- ator was Rev. Dr. Gebhard, who hkd privately taught ''the sons Of some of the best families,' and saw the necessity of providing other and latger facilities ft«r conducting instruction in Latin, Greek and Matiiematics. Messrs. Pud^y, Baldwin and Abraham SV>nda were the first teachers ; the GAZBTTEBB OF TOWNS. 107 former had charge of the elassteal, the latter of the Englfeh departments, while Dr. Gebhard actqd as Superintendent, an of&ce which he filled until the close of the Seminary. "•In 1780, N. Meigs was appointed principal, and served Until he was succeeded by Andrew Mayfield Carshore, who had been impressed into the service of the Biitish and came to this country under General Bur- goyne, and after his surrender took charge of a school at Kinderhook, and gave instructions there in the English branches only. Having quit the ' schooljust named, he came to Olaverack and entered the family of Dr. Gebhard. He seems to have been a man of unusual genius, aptitude and I Academy i for him and he removed thither. " While here for nearly a quarter of a century, says Dr. Lewis Gebhard, he taught youth from New York city, Albany, Poughkeepsie, New Roch- elle, Livingston ■ Manor, Hudson and Claverack. At times Washington Seminary had more than one hundred pupils. " Among those who were educated diirmg this period at this Seminary were General John P. Van Ness, Hon. Wm. P. Van Ness, Hon. Cornelius P. Van Ness and General Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer. The above were aE natives of this town. Martin Van Buren, Robert H. Morris, and many others afterwards conspicuous in public life were students here. Here, too the MonellSj Jofdans, Phillipaes and Millers acquired the beginnings of their education. Claverack hcis a just right to the honor which these illustrious names confer upon her maternal brow ; and she claims them all to-day, while she bids the present generation to emulate tiie virtues of the great men she had reared. i " The decline of the original Seminary incited the Rev. Mr. Sluyter to take measures for the erection of an Acaaemy which, in all its- proportions, should meet the wants of this region. After much effort his plans were accompliahfed. The Olaverack Academy was erected and opened in 1830. It had a board of eighteen trustees,.of whom only the following survive, viz., Stephen Storm and John G. Gebhard, M. D. The structure was built by Colonel Ambrose Root, and the first principal was Rev. John Mabon, a learned man and an able instructor. He had, while here, under his care, several pripils who afterwards rose to eminence. " In 1854, the Claverack College and Hudson River Institute was opened. Addresses on the occasjo'n were delivered by Rev. Isaac Ferris, D. D., Horace Greel^ and Rev. Elbert S. Porter. The first president was Rev. Ira C. Boice, and [who was] its lessee from the beginning ; and it^ present pre- sident. Rev. Alonzo Flack, A. M., acting with the trustees, has rendered this bne of the best institutions of the hand in the State. " In June, 1869, the Regents of the University of the State of New York granted this Institution full College powers tp grant degrees to women. " The average attendance has been about 300 pupils since its opening. The buildings contain 167 rooms fiirnished comp^efe with carpets and bed room suits for students' and teachers, also 13 recitation rooms, three society rooms, twenty-three piano rooins, library, chapel and gymnasium. The faculty consists of 18 Professors and Teachers,, .i " The grounds contain six acres and are tastefully laid out, and kept in fine order.'.' It is a fact worthy of notice in this connection that Mary E. Drowne has taught school uninterruptedly in District No. 5> since April 1, 1849. She is a graduate from the Albany Nor- 108 GAZMTTEEB OF TOWNS. mal School, and received her certificate from Hon. Samuel Young, who was then Secretary of State and Superintendent of Comnion Schools. Many have, under her excellent in- struction, laid the foundation of an education which has been elaborated in after life with greater facility for having enjoyed the thorough regimen of her tuition. Philmont, (p. v.) in the north part, nine miles east from Hudson, is a station on the Harlem Eailroad. It contains 700 inhabitants, who are extensively engaged in manufacturing enterprises, in the various branches of which over $600,000 jp invested. The village is located on the Eastern, or Ockawamick Creek, which has a fall at this place of 252J feet, affording an excellent water power. A constant supply of water is secured by the construction of two reservoirs which, combined, cover an area of 92 acres. Their average depth is ten feet, and their united capacity thirty-seven (37) million cubic feet. There are three knitting mills, three paper mills, a machine shop and foundry, a building and joiner establishment, and a feed mill, which give employment to about 450 operatives. It also con- tains one hotel, three stores, two blacksmith shops and a school house. The Ockawamick Mills, Geo. W. Philip, prop., run six sets of machinery, consume- 285,000 pounds of cotton and wool annually, and employ 45 operatives in the manufacture of shirts and drawers. The capacity for daily product is sixty dozen, and the annual sales amount to $108,000. The High Bo«h Hosiery Mill, P. M. Harder, prop., runs four sets of machinery, consumes 160,000 pounds of cotton and wool an- nually and employs 80 operatives in the manufacture of knit goods. The Claverack Knitting Mill, Robert Akin, prop., located one mile south-west from Claverack village, was established in 1857 ; it employs 13 operatives and consumes 50,000 pounds of cotton and wool annually. The Philmont Paper Mill, Harper W. Eogers, prop., was established in 1861 ; it is capacitated to produce 50 tons of straw wrapping paper per month. The Philmont Hosiery Mill, ITelson P. Akin, prop., is, in the main part, 116 by 50 feet, with four stories, surmounted by a French roof. The knitting and finishing building is three stories high and is' 120 by 36 feet. The machine shop and lapper rooms are 36 by 80 feet, with three stories and basement. The washing and bleaching house is 162 by 30 feet and is two stories high. At present twelve sets of woolen machinery are in operation, producing 1,100 dozen men's knit undershirts and drawers per week, of grades from medium to the finest, besides 500 dozen India gauze for summer wear. It gives constant employment to 240 operatives, and consumes 500,000 pounds of cotton and 50,000 pounds of wool each year. About $5,000 is paid each GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 109 month for labor. The amount of capital invested is $850,000. The Jixcehior Mill, George Tobias, prop., employs 11 operatives, two 48-inch machines and two 36-inch engines, and consumes 3} tons of straw and 3,000 pounds of coal per day in the manufacture of wrapping paper, of which it is capacitated to produce 400 reams of 15 by 30 inch per day. R. S. Simmon & Son are extensively engaged in jobbing and building. They employ 37 experienced workmen, principally in the erection of churches and large edifices. J. F. EUswortKs machine shop and foundry, for the manufacture of paper and woolen machinery, and agricultural implements, was established in 1863. The capital stock is $25,000. Twenty-five men are employed, and about $40,000 worth of work is annually produced. The machine shop is 73 by 48 feet, and three stories high, and the foundry is 35 by 60 feet. L. M. FritU & Co. established their mill in 1856. They manufacture straw wrapping paper, of which they have the capacity to produce 150 reams per day. Mellenville, (p. v.) is a station on the Hudson & Chatham Branch of the Boston & Albany E. E., distant nine miles from Hudson. It contains two churches, (M. E. and Eeformed,) two hotels, one store, the Mellenville Knitting Mills, P. M. Harder, prop., which run two sets of niachinery, employ 15 hands and consume 130,000 pounds of cotton annually in the manufacture of knit goods; Wm. Smith's straw wrapping paper mill,, estab- lished in 1866, which employs 6 operatives, one 48-inch machine and one 30-inch engine, and consumes 3,300 pounds of straw per day in the production of 1,800 pounds of paper ; Samuel D. Miller's grist mill, with iwo runs of stones, recently erected ; one carriage and Wagon fiictory, one blacksmith shop and about 335 inhabitants. The freight receipts at the station are about $750 per month, and from passenger travel $150. South Bend Mills, in the east part, contains a grist mill, saw mill, blacksmith shop, school house and four houses. Martindale Depot, (p. v.) in the south-east part, named in honor of John Martin, who was instrumental in securing the railroad at this'place and on whose land the depot was built, is a station on the Harlem E. R., and contains one church, (Bap- tistj) one blacksmith shop and about nine dwellings. Sumphreysville, (p. o.) in the south-west corner, on the line of Greenport, is a hamlet. , Hollowville, (p. v.) formerly known as Smokey Hollow, is a little south of the center, and contains three hqtels, one black- smith shop, two carpenter shops, a store, Wm. Smith's Excel- sior Grist and Flouring Mill, known as the " over-shot mill," containing two runs of stones for fl.our and one for plaster. 1 10 OAZBTTEEB Of TOWNS. which give it a grinding capacity of 300 bushels of grain per day ; a saw mill, a school and about 135 inhabitants. ' Churchtown, (p. T.) on the south line, contains a church, (Lutheran) two storeSj a wagon shop, blacksmith shop, two hotels and about twenty houses. The Bed Mills, situated about one mile east from ClaTeraek Tillage, were first erected by Gen. Jacob E. Van Eensselaer. They have been enlarged to five runs of stones, for flour and plaster, and have a grinding capacity of 300 bushels of grain per day. They are owned by P. S. Ptilver. The Claverack Mre Ingitrance Company was organized by the residents of the town, for the purpose of mutual insurance against loss or damage hy fire, under an act passed by the New York Legislature April 17, 1857, authorizing the formation of town insurance companies. Next to Kinderhook, this is the oldest town in the County. From a list of the inhabitants in Claverack in 1714, (which then included the present towns of Hillsdale and Hudson, with parts of Ghent,. Greenport and Stockport,) which appears in the Dot. Mut. of this State, we find that there were one male and one female above Siity years of age; 52 males and 38 females from sixteen to sixty ; 54 males and 51 females under sixteen; 10 male and 5 ferhaTe slaves froni sixteen and over; and 3 male and 3 female Slaves under sixteen; making a total of 314 persons. Hence if will be seen that the country was then a comparative wilderness. In 1704, Kiffian Van Eens- selaer of Albany, conveyed to his brother Hendrick a large tract of land, called by the Indians Pot Kohe, which, in the Dutch language, was described and known as Claverack. John Van Eensselaer, son of Hendrick, erected this' district into the Lower Manor to distingui^ it from that on the north. His son, John, occupied the Manor house, a mile east of the village. Van Eensselaer claimed 170,(K)0 acfes; but maintained his claim with much difficulty. In 1766 the district how embraced in Eensselaer, Columbia and Dutchess Coumties was involved in a domestic war, arising from the conflieting jurisdiction of adjacent colonies and resistance to the claims of proprietors. In June of that year, the Sheriff of Albany County, with 105 men, went to a house to disperse a band of rioters, 60 in num- ber. Several shots were exchanged; Cornelius Ten Broeck, of. Claverack, was killed and seven Otheifs of the Eevolntionary militia wounded ; and, said Dr. Porter at the Centennial Cele^ bration of the Eeformed Prot. Dutch Church of Claverack in 1867, " It was during the anti-rent troubles of that year that Cornelius Hogeboom, grafldfathter of. the Hon. Henry Hoge- GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. Ill boom, and Cornelius Van Dusen, both cml officers, were shot while in the diffcharge of their public duties." We copy from the same authority the following anecdote of Aaron Burr^ which probably occurred during his Presidency of the Consti- tutional Convention in 1801, when he " stopped, on his way to Albany, at a, hotel kept in the old farm-house now owned by Robert Esslestyne.' The Dutch language was then the com- mon speech in use in these parts. While Burr was dining, he called for a napki7i> The good hostess did not undetstaild him, so she cailled her husband, and they had an earnest con- TWsation over the puzzling, problem. At length they dis- coTered that he wanted a kniptong, and so they brought him a pair of pincers instead of a napkin." Prior to its erection into a district, Clarerack had been gov- erned by the patroons. But population had increased, and the interests of society detaanded legislation. At that time Liv- ingston Manor, Olaverack and Kinderhook, each sent one dele- gate to the Provincial Legislature. The' County had not yet been set oflF, and the affairs were conducted in a domestic way. For several years the committee of safety met in a house now owned and occupied by Jeremiah M. Eace< During the Revo- lution its cellaT was used as a jail for the imprisonment of tones. A few years previous to the R'evoltstionary war several families moved from New York to Claverack. Among them was Wm.. Henfy Ludlow, Who opened a grdn store in an old store house, a business which^ soon after the war, became extensive and made Claverack the liiarket town for this portion of the Manor. Claverack remained the post ofBce station for Hudson until 1790. In 1786, Killian Hogeboom was postmaster, and July 13th of that year the first list of letters pubhshed in the County, appeared. The first meeting of the Board of Supervisors was held in the house of ©abriel Esslestyne. An appropriation Of £2^,000" was made fot a Court house, aind Wm. B. Whiting, Ab- raham J. Van Alstyne, John Livingston, Henry I. Van Rens- selaer, Matthew SCott, Seth Jenkins and .Wm. H. Ludlow were appointed Commissioners to superintend its erection. In 1788', an additional appropriatioii of £1,-200 was made, and in 1798, another £400. The first county officers were Peter Van Hess, First Judge ; Petef Sylvester, Peter R. Livingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer and Wni. B. Whiting, Judges; Killian K. Van Rens- selaer, Surrogate; Lals^ence Hogeboom, Sheriff; Robert Van Rensselaer, Gkri; and Walter Vrooman Weinple, Treasuter. By act of Feb. %&, 1805, the County seat was removed to Hud- son on conditioii that the city apprbprriatfe for the use of the County, the city hall, a lot of latid flmofi which to erect County buildings, and the sum of 13,000. In' 1796, tlie presidential 1 13 OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. electors met at Hudson, cast their vote, and then c'ame to Clav- erack to get their dinner at Gordon's tavern. Before the ap- plication of steam, in 1807, the post-road through this village was the great thoroughfare between New York and Albany. Travelers abounded, and the road was lined with hotels on' either side. Wagons from the east were sometimes seen stand- ing in a line of a mile or more in length, waiting to be un- loaded. The history of the Keformed Prot. Dutch Church of Claverack is so intimately connected with that of this part of the County that we are constrained to preface our history of the churches of the town with some pertinent extracts from the published pro- ceedings of the Centennial Celebration of that Church. The Kev. A. P. Van Grieson there produced a parchment bound book, with covers secured by leather thongs, whose paper has become yellow, and ink faded by lapse of time, which he claimed "con- tained the oldest records of the Claverack Church." The hand- writing is in the old Dutch language. " On the second leaf is a copy of the call extended to the first minister of the church, Dominie Patrus Van Driessen. This ancient record states that in the beginning the people of this neighborhood were depend- ent for public divine service upon ministers from Albany. It farther informs us that the people of Claverack, out of regard ^orthe aged and infirm, the women and children ; and because they thought it unbecoming a Christian people to neglect their Christian duty; and also through the prompting (or as the Dutch has it, the upwaking) of the Patroon Hendrick Van Kensselaer, did, in the year 1719, unite in an effort to build a church and secure services of a settled minister for themselves. The record adds, that, on account- of their sins, God was not pleased to crown their effort with success ;■ and it was not until the year 1737 that the desire of their hearts was realized, in the settlement of Dominie Van Driessen, the building of a house of worship, and the complete and efficient organization of the church." " This ancient house," says Eev F. H. Zabriskie, in an address delivered oh the same occasion, "tells its own story with an impressiveness which speech may not hope to rival. The vision of a hundred, yes, of a hundred and fifty years passes in panorama before us, The early pastors seem to raise the marble doors of their tombs in yonder cemetery, and look about for the antiquated pulpit from which they preached down upon their people. The throngs of former worshipers in.their quaint attire come winding over the hills and valleys, in their plain and springless, but capacious wagons, to occupy the nigh, straight-backed pews. The .women, in summer, with their mob- caps and whij;e muslin neckerchiefs modestly folded over their QAZETTBEB OF TOWNS. H3 breasts, or, in winter, with their stuffed gloaks and ponderous bonnets, and .foot stoves replenished at the parsonage fire; and the men with their suits of homespun, their broad hats and knee breeches, and ruffled shirts, and buckles on throat and shoon; and the goodly array of children, all baptized and all brought to church, and young and old alike speaking in a for- eign tongue whiclf would be utterly unintelligible to nine out of ten of us to-day. And now the tinkling bell has ceased its clatter in the little, old belfry, the neighborly gossip around the doors is over, and the congregation is seated decently and in order, the elders and deacons at the right and left of the pul- pit, the Van Eensselaer of the day in his elevated and canopied pew among his army of lease holders. The men are ranged around the walls, and the women in orderly rows around the center. Above their heads is a wooden ceiling with prodigiofls rafters. The walls are plastered and meant to be white ; the wood work is painted blue ; if galleries have yet been intro- duced, they tower even further above the people than the pres- ent ones ; the pews differ in shape and size almost as much as their occupants. If prior to 1780, the worshipers depend solely upon salt pork and foot stoves to save them from freezing. If as late as 1800, a ten-plated box stove, which scarcely serves to do more than make the cold more appreciable, stands raised on long legs upon a platform in the very center of the building, with pipe going out of the window. The pulpit stands at the north end, is painted blue, as if to indicate its celestial origin, shaped like a wine glass, and surmounted by a sounding board on which ' Holiness to the Lord ' is appropriately inscribed. At the further end is a great window, which would look out into the tower, were it not for the red curtain by which it is covered. * * * And now the Deacons step forth with their money- bags, suspended to long poles, and furnished with little jing- Jing bells that laake a suggestive sound as they pass from pew to pew. * * * There are no Sabbath-schools yet Eobert Eaikes had not gathered his little vagrant neighbors about him till this building was fourteen years old. The Dominie is all the Sunday-school the children ^ow, as they sit in awe struck lines before him, and lisp in Dutch the long and intricate answers of the Heidelburg Catechism. He is siuperintendent, teacher, library, singing book, and child's paper to them, and, I am afraid, pic-nic and Christmas-tree also." The following quotation from the same author evinces the earnestness with which these early residents, thirty in number, undertook the erection of a church edifice. They made a covenant " actually binding themselves to the church for the accomplishment of the undertaking instead of subscribing a specific amount. The 114 GAZflTTHMS OF TOWWS. building committee were empowered to detertaine what each one should give in wol-k br monej, Etiid they ' bound themselves to fulfill the agreement under penalty, of three pounds current money of the province of New Ybrk.' " It was , dedicated by Dominie Van Driesseh, of Albany, February 7j 1727. It con- tained twenty-six pews^ six long Ottes^.range4 round the walls for the men, and twenty others, ino'stiy facing the pulpit, for the women. Each member of the congfegation had his own seat, allotted to him by a committee. The pulpit was reached by a ladder. From 1738 to .1756, the pulpit tras without a pastor. This was doubtless diie to the fact that the churcheis were supplied front Holland with all their ministers, and the siipply hSrd become inadequate. In 1756 the religious en- thusiasin of the people was JeviTieS ahd Eev. Joli£lnh'is Casparus Fryenmoet was installed pastor. His call, like Vail Driessen's, was a joint one frotti Clayerack, Einderhook and Livingston Manor. " It stipulated to pay him, first, the silm of forty pounds esLch, or abottt $360 in all ; second, to provide him with a dwelling-htttise 'becoming a pt-eacher,' with a kitchen, stable, etc., together with several acres of Mnd for a * garden, ' pasture, mow-ground, orchard,' efte., whicTi should be situated in Claverack, the congregation to provide these things fot the privilege of haying the preacher dwelling among them ; the other congregatiodS to provide the preacher 1?ith ehtertainment ' becoming big office ' while laboring among them. Third, the three congregations to bear his expenses of inoving. Each one an equal share/' During his ministry the present house of worship was erected and was dedicated by him Nov. 8, 1767. The removal of the e^^ifice so iiiflaided the animosity of some who were averse to a change aiid ffelt discommoded thereby, that ' it is thotight they never fenteted it& door again ; while others who contmtied to attend cherished this feeling with a singular pertinacity. More particularly was this animus manifested toward Mr. Van EenS6da.er, by; -#hoSe name the Church was long knowa, and "whose elevated and canopied pew became so obnoxious to one of his hiitnble* neighbors that she uttered thq ieonoclattte thri&at of taking an ax to church and hewing it do#n/' It ^ouild be as great a pleasure to liS, as it would doubtles* be a Profit to our readers, did our space war- rant it, to 11*5(316 in detail the history of this Ohurcn to the psresent titoe/ Isut we are admoriished to d'eSist, Though having sent out niany otfshoots it lio^tf has 17S members, who are. en joying the ministi'atiohs of Eev. F. N. ZabHskie. The preseilt estito'ted value of the chui'ch Edifice, which will seat 1,000 persons, is 880,000. GA ZSTTEES Q^ TO WN8. 115 The Second Reformed QAwch of Clavsraek, located at Mellen- ville, was organized in ip38, by the Olassis of^ Bensselaer, with 112 members, and its pulpit was supplied by (Biehard ?) Sluy- ter until 184? ; when he was succeeded by P. S. Wynkoop and Vandevoort; flimrod, in 1845; J. H. Pitcher, in 1852 ; and Eey. A. J. Sebring, the present pastor, in 1862; The first house of worship was erected in 1838, and was enlarged and rebuilt in 1870. It will seat 450 persons, and its present estimated ralue is $10,000. The present membership is 138. The M. E. Church of Claverack was organized in 1860, by Key. Alonzo Flack, with 20 members, and Kev. J. Y. Bates as its first pastor. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 300 persons, was erected the same year at a cost of $6,800. The* present pastor is Kev. Thomas La Monte, and membership, 52. Trinity Church (Episcopal) was organized as a Parish July 23, 1856, by Eev. Frederick E. Tiffany, the first pastor. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 130 persons, was erected in 1857; its present estimated value is $5,000. Wm. 0. Prout is the present pastor. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Thomas, located at Churchtown, erected their first edifice in 1750. The present one, erected in 183,6 and modified and rebuilt in 1860, will seat 500 persons; its present estimated va,lue is $16,000, Eev. Jol;in F. Eites was the first pastor, an office which he held for thirty years. Eev. John Frederick Ernst became the second pastor in 1793; and was succeeded by Eev. John G. F. tfhl, who ministered to them thirty-five yea,rs. The subsequent pastors iii the order of succession, were Eevs. J. Berger. H. Wheeler, J. 0. Duy, Levi Schell and J. A. Eosenberg, the prfesent one. The number of members in 1793 was 87 ; the present number is 380. CLMMMONT was forined from th^ LivjogstoEi Manor, March 12, 1787, By an act of the LegJebtuie, passed March 2d, 1858, a JriaiigviW tract, now eon^titttking '^ north part of German town, was taken off. It lies ia the. spBthrweat corner of the County, the southern part of its western Kpe being washed by the Hudson. Eoeliff Jansens Creek forms itseastern bound- ary and separates it frojpa Livingston. The soH is various, but consists comn^onjy, of an argfllaeeons ^rit or a f^tloam, and is very well watered by smajl rivulets, ^Jhi^ sprf^e is agree- ably diversified* with gentle ujiiiiilaiicHW, and without waste of ground. The population in 1870 was 1,021 ; of which number 956 were natives, anS 65,, foreigijers ; li,'0t4, white, a^nd 7, colored. 116 gazettMeb of towns. During the year ending Sept. 30, IS'/'O, the town contained five school districts, and employed five teachers. The numher of children of school age was 348; the average attendance, 100.589; and the amount expended for school purposes, $1,753.07. Clermont, (p. v.) situated in the east part of the town, about six miles from Germantov?n and twelve from Hudson, contains one church, (Episcopal) one hotel, three stores, one harness shop, a wagon shop, blacksmith shop, a school, a Lodge of F. & A. M,, in a flourishing condition, a )ialf mile trotting course and about 137 inhabitants. Pleasantvale is a hamlet in the south-eafet corner of the town. Eobert Livingston, "the first lord of the manor," by his last will, left a tract of land containing about 13,000 acres to his son Eobert, the grandfather of Chancellor Livingston, to form the Lower Manor of Clermont. After receiving this estate he built a large stone house at Clermont, which, in his old age, he ■ gave to his son Judge Eobert R Livingston, from whose con- nection with the Manor the town derived its name. This old manor house was located on a grassy spot upon the banJi of the Hudson, environed with grape vines, bowers and gigantic trees, at the mouth, and upon the north side of Eoeliff Jansens Creek. Eobert E. Livingston, after his marriage, built a mansion for himself a little south of the old manor house, and connected with it by a beautiful walk. The Livingstons were deeply interested in the war for Inde- pendence, and their efficient aid and ardent sympathy with the patriot army was rewarded by the destruction of the old home- stead and Eobert E. Livingston's mansion by a detachment of the British troops from Kingston, who, in 1777, under General Vaughan, came up the Hudson on a marauding expedition to produce a diversion in favor of Burgoyne, then environed by the American army at Saratoga. They proceeded as far up the river as Clermont, when, hearing the news of the capitulation of Burgoyne's army, they retreated to New York. From Clarkson's "Clermont, or Livingston Manor," we copy the following description of this incursion : " Clermont," he says, "might have been untouched, as at that time two British officers, a wounded captain named Montgomery, and his surgeon had been for some time very hospitably entertained by Mrs. Livingston at Clermont. They proposed to extend their protection to the house and family, but Mrs. Livingston and son both refused to have their property protected by the enemies of their country, and her son, the future Chancel- lor, sent them to the house of a Tory neighbor. The preparations for the quick departure of the family were made. All were busy. The females of the household all giving a hand, to assist in the general packing for the GAZBTTEEB OF TOWNS. 117 removal o( clothing arid all movable valuables. Silver and other articles of value were buried in the)*wood, books were placed in the basin of a dry- fountain and covered with rubbish ; wagons and carts were piled up with baggage and all necessary articles required by so large a family, both for immediate use as well as preservation. Even at this hour, Mrs. Livingston burst into a hearty laugh, at the odd figure of an old black woman perched upon this miscellantous assortment of trunks and bundles. There was not much time to spare, for as the last load from the hduse had disappear- ed, and when the carriages containing the family had reached the top.of the Mil overlooking the house they Beheld the smoke already rising from its walls. It had been flred as soon as entered by the British soldiers, one party of whom had arrived by land from Rhinebeck, which place they had burned, and another parly landed from the British ship of war, which lay south of the point. " Large looking--glasses had been carefully hung in an out-house, by the family before their departure, and an inside frame made to conceal them from view, but the soldiers dischaged their muskets at the building and reduced to splinters the valuable mirrors. With heavy hearts the family left a home, endeared to them by all the associations which make a home one of cheerfulness, happiness and contentment. They took refuge in the town of Salisbury, in Berkshire, just beyond the border of Massachusetts, where they made a tsmporary home, in a house which is still standjng , a Btone house near the picturesque lake ; here they remained but a' short time. The hasty retreat of Vaughan's forces rendering Clermont a safe residence agaih, Mrs, Livingston and her family returned to her farm house and at once commenced to rebuild the Mansion House, and in a year removed into it." The new house was built on the site of the old one, the same side walls being used. On the lawn at Clermont is still standing a locust tree, whose limbs were removed by a cannon ball fired at the house from the British vessel, before a landing was made by the troops. Mr. Livingston also built another house, after the close of the war, a little north of the ruins of the former one. In describing it, in 1813, Spaflford says : " Its front 04 the river is 104 feet, depth 91 ; and it consists of a main body of two stories, aod four pavilions. The south, or garden-front is a green-house, with bathing rooms and offices adjoining; over these is a Idrge elegant breakfasting-roopi, and four bed rooms. The second story is coLveniently divided into rooms, connected by a long gallery. One of the pavilions contains a well chosen library of about 4,000 volumes, in various languages. The north faces a fine lawn, skirted on one side by a beautiful wood on a bank raised about ten feet, terminating in a second lawn, from the rear of which springs, precipitately, a rocky ridge, covered with shrubs, trees and evergreens, affording a flne.rich back-ground. This is balanced on the opposite side of the lawn by a beautiful avenue of locust trees, planted irregularly, through which winds the road to the house. The Hudson is seen in broi^en views through the branches of these trees. From the front of the house, which faces the fiver, the view is extensive and highly picturesque. The Hudson is partially hidden by clumps of trees on its bank, and some islands, covered with wood, add a ^leasing variety to its scenery ; while the opposite shore is in full view, with the adjacent fields, farms and forests, rising like an amphitheatre toward the Catskill mountajins, which terminate the view, by an altitude of about 3,000 feet. I'he elegant display of light and shade occasioned 118 OAZHTTMES aw TOWNS. by their irregularity, their fine Wue color, the climbing of the mists up their sides, the intervention of clouds which»cap tiieir summits or shroud their sides only, with their occasional reflection from the surface of the Hudson, succeeded by the bursting terrors of their thunder-gusts, all com- bined from this point of yiew, associate a mass of interesting, picturesque and sublime objects. Tbe south front of the house ovralooks the pleasure grounds aiid a fine gJr£^s^y val?_ in the highest cultivation, sfeirted with a flowering shrubbery; with a rich and extensive back-jground of various fruit-trees. The bold and lofty banks of th,e Hudson, affording a greater variety of forest trees than I recollect ever to have seen io the same area, have given to Mr. Livuigston the ready means of foroitng an elegant walk of near two miles long under their shatde, from which, at every step, you catch a new view of tl^ fludspn and the scenery on the opposite, side. In the style of all these improvements, art is so blesnded with nature that it is difficult to discriminate their respective beauties; the natural features are everywhere preserved, though softened and harmonized by- the happiest efforts of aft." " In tills house, and iipon the grounds," says Olarkson, " was the grand reception given to Latayette, upon his M ■visif, tio this country, in 1834, when the lawn for a half mile was crowded with people., and the waters, in front were' White with vessds, freighted with visitors from the neighboring counties, and all the cups, plates, la(Ues' gloves and slippers, bore the im- age or name of Lafayfitt^" It was purchased by the JM^isses Clarkson, in 1858, who have put the house and grounds in complete repg,ir. The St. Luk^s {Episcopal) Church was connected with the Church at Lower Eed Hook, until 1859, when it was formed into a separate parish, with 28 members, and Eev. H. DeKowen as its first pastor. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 350 persons, was erected in 1859, at a cost of , $2,400, and was consecrated, Nov. 10, 1860. Rent. W. S. Rowe is the present pastor. COPAKB was formed from Taghkaiaiek, March 26, 1824. It lies on the east border of the Cottnty, south, of the center. Its surface is broken by rapges of hills, separated by broad and fer- tile valleys. A hi^ and nearly unbroken, r^nge extends along the east border. Tlwr^ ape several sma,il sheets of water in the town, among which are O^pake; Ls.ke and Bhoda, Eobinson and Snyder Ponds. Gopake Lake, in the "west part, is a fine sheet of water, which covers ^bout 600 acres, and embosoms an island containing about 20 acres, whtich has been the residence pf members of the Livingsten family. Roeliff Jianaens Creek, and a tributary to it, traverse the {own in th« nortii and south direction. These, with its lake and pondjs, furnish an abundance of good water. The soil is % gravelly and clayey loam. South, of Copake, near Ancram iin.e, are exten- sive beds of iron ore, operated by the ColumbMi County Ii-on Mining Co. The ores obtained from these mijies are hematites. OAZMTTEEB OF TOWNS. \\Q The population in 1870 was 1,847 ; of this number 1,685 were natives, and 162, foreigners; 1,837, white, and 10, colored. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, the town contained 10 school distncts and employed 9 teachers. The number of children of school age was 605 ; the average attendance, 196.110 ; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,993.55. Copake Station, (Oopake Iron "Works p. o.) in the east part, ■ contaii^ the Copake Iron Works, one store, one hotel, a shoe shop, two churches (Episcopal and Catholic,) and about 350 inhabitants. It is a station on the Harlem E. R. The furnace at the Copake Iron Works was erected in 1845, by Lemuel, Sen., Theodore and Robert Pomeroy, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Lemuel Pomeroy, Jr., of Copake. The first blast was made in 1846. The surrounding country was, at this time, a complete wilderness, neither house, nor railroads being in existence. The company now manufacture about 3,500 tons of hot blast iron each year. In the vicinity are extensive beds of ore, of the first quality used in the manufacture of car wheels. Copake Flats, (Copake p. o.) in the south part, two miles south-west from Copake Station, contains two hotels, three stores, two saloons, three blacksmith shops, two wagon shops, two shoe shops, one church, (M. E.) and about 300 inhabitants. About a mile north of the village is a one mile trotting course. Craryville, (p. v.) (formerly Baines Station and North Oo- pake p. 0.) in the north-west corner, is a station on the Harlem R. R., and contains one hotel, two stores, two blacksmith shops, one shoe shop, one wagon shop, one harness shop, a half-mile trotting course, and about twelve houses. Anderson's Corners, (West Copake p. o.) about two miles west of Copake Flats, contains one store, two wagon shops and two 'blacksmith shops. About a mile north of Copake is McArthnr & Van Deusen's grist and saw mill. The grist mill has four runs of stones, three for flour and one for feed, and has a grinding capacity of 800 bushels per day. The motor is furnished by water equivalent to 125 horse power. Among the first settlers in the town were families by the name of Snyder, Briese and Lapman, who came here about the middle of the present century. This town, in common with others in the County, sufTered from the internecine incursions incident to the anti-rent diflSculties in 1844. "On the 12th day of December, 1844," says Miller in hia "Sketches of Hudson," " the first forcible resistance to the Sheriff, Henry C. Miller, was offered in the town of Copake, where he attempted to serve processes and -make sale of property belonging to disaffected parties. It was deemed ad- H 120 OAZETTMEB OF TOWNS. visable that he ehould undertake the duty without an accompanying force, and he proceeded to the spot with a single individual. On their approach pickets were discovered stationed along the road, and upon arriving at Co- pake they were met by a force of three hundred ' Indians ' and a concourse of about fifteen hundred people not in disguise. He was taken into a room of a public house in the vicinity, by Big Thunder and six other Chiefs, who stated that he would not be permitted to proceed in the discharge of his duties. Swords were drawn, pistols placed at his breast, his papers de- manded and given to them, which were subsequently burned in the pres- ence of the crowd. " The return of the Sheriff and the report of his reception produced the most intense excitement in the city [Hudson.} It was evident that force would have to be met by force, and a general determination would have to be manifested upon the part of the citizens to uphold and vindicate the law at any sacrifice." A Eeformed Ptot. Dutch Church was the first organized in the town, and Eey. Jeremiah Eomeyn was the first pastor. The St. John'fi in the Wilderness Church, (Episcopal) located at Copake Iron Works, was organized in 1850, with six or seven members, and Rev. William Ludlum as its first pastor. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 150 persons, was erected in the same year, and consecrated by Bishop Chase. Its present estimated value is $4,000 and of the parsonage, $3,000. There are but ten or twelve members, and there is no settled pastor. The M. E. Church of Copake Flats, was organized in 1833, by Kevs. Eichard Hayter and Stout, with six or eight mem- bers, and Eev. Joseph B. Wakeley, as pastor. The first house of worship was erected about 1835, and the present one, which will seat 350 persons, about 1858 ; its present estimated value is 17,000, and that of the parsonage $3,000. Eev. Thomas Ellis is the present pastor, and tKe present membership, 91. The St. Bridged Church, (Catholic) located at Copake Iron Works, was organized by Eev. John, or William Howard, its first pastor, and the first and present house of worship, which will seat 250 persons, was erected in 1867 01*1868, at a cost of $5,000, which is also its present estimated value.. The present number of members is 150, and Eev. James S. O'SuUivan, of Hudson, supplies the pulpit. The people were ministered to by Eev. Mr. Howard, as early as 1849. GALLATIN, named in honor of Hon. Albert Gallatin, was formed from Ancram, March 37, 1830. It lies near the center of the south border of the County. The surface is broken by several ranges of hills, which extend in a north and south direction. The highest point is Mattashuk Hill, south of Lake Charlotte. Boeliff Jansens Creek is the principal GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 121 stream ; its banks are steep and in some places rocky. Char- lotte Lake, in the north part of the toWn, is a fine sheet of water, surrounded by gentle slopes, cultivated to the water's edge. The soil, which is of various qualities, is moderately fertile. A large portion of it consists of a warm shistic gravel, and is capable of being rendered an excellent farming country with judicious culture: The population of the town in 1870 was 1,416. Of this number 1,375 were natives, and 41, foreigners ; 1,412^ white, and 4, colored. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, there were 8 school districts in the town, and 5 teachers employed. The number of children of school age was 472 ; the average attendance, 116.131 ; and the amount expended for sehot)l pur- poses, $1,644.56. Oallatinvilk, (p. v.) in the east part, on Eoeliff Jansens Creek, and on the proposed line of the Rhinebeck & Connecti- cut Eailroad, contains one hotel, one church, (Reformed) one grist and plaster mill, one paint shop, one carriage shop, two blacksmith shops and one store. Weaver Hollow, near the north-west border, on a creek whose source is Lake Charlotte, and which empties into Roeliff Jan- sens Creek, is a hamlet. The town was settled at a very early day, by emigrants from Germany and Holland, among whom were the Knickerbackers and Snyders. An Englishman, nariied Ross, was one of the first settlers in the vicinity of Gallatinville. The C^eenbmh Reformed Church was organized in 1748, by Rev. J. 0. Fryemoet, who was its first pastor. The present house of worship, which will seat 250 persons, was erected in 1823, at a cost of $3,000. Dewitt B. "WyckofF is the present pastor, and the present number of members is 130. GERMANTOWif, named in some early records "East Camp " and " German Camp," was formed as a district, April 1, 1775, and recognized as a town March 7, 1788. A part of Clermont, which was almost isolated from the reist of that town, and lay north of this, was annexed March 2, 1858. It lies upon the Hudson, in the south part of the County. The surface is gently undulating. Roeliff Jansens Creek forms the north boundary. Hs 'tracts of clay, sand and loam are highly fertile, and the town is noted for the excellence and abundance of its fruit. It is poorly watered, but remarkably well tinibered. The population in 1870 was 1>393; 1,319 of whom were natives, and 74, foreigneirs; 1,374, white, and 19, colored. During the year ending Sept 30, 1870, there were six school 1S2 " OAZETTBEB 01' TOWNS. districts in the town, and six teachers employed. The number of children of school age was 457 ; the average attendance, 154.720; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,502.77. Oermantown, (p. v.) distant about one mile from the station by the same name on the Hudson E. K. E., contains two hotels, two stores, one church, (Dutch Eeformed) one chapel, one school, one wagon shop, two blacksmith shops, two harness shops, one tin shop, and about 30 families. Isaac N. Mackey is quite extensively engaged in the manufacture of carriages and sleighs. Hast Camp, in the south-west corner, on the Hudson Eiver E. R., about one mile south, from Germantown depot, is the landing for the market barge Harvest Home, and contains one hotel, one store, one school and 18 houses. Germantown New Dock, about one and one-half miles north from Germantown depot, is a steamboat landing, the dock for which was built in 1867. The 6,000 acres of land, of which this town was originally constituted, was deeded by Robert Livingston and Alida, his wife, to Queen Anne, through Gov. Eobert Hunter, Sept 29, 1710, for the purpose of settling the German Palatinates who had served in her army, and by whom they were hired of the Elector of the Palatinate; the consideration therefor being " ffour hundred Pounds of money now Current in the Colony of New York," which was equivalent to £266 Sterling. The first settlement was made hj these Palatinates, seventy families of whom arrived in New York in June of 1710, the most of whom soon removed to these lands. This little colony received many marks of the kind care and beneficence of Queen Anne, under whose special patronage it was planted. The same year Robert Livingston received the contract for victualing the Palatinates, a copy of which we give. It reads as follows : " This Indenture made this thirteentli day of Novembr in the ninth year of the Beigne of our Soveraigne Lady Anne by the Grace of God Queen of Great Brittain firance & Ireland Defender of the fifaith etc. Between hia Excelly Bobt Hunter Esqr Capt Genii & Govt in Cheiff of the Provinces of N: fork New Jerseys & dependences thereunto belonging & Vice Ad- mirall of the same etc of the one part & Robt Livingston of N: York Gent of the other part WnNESSETE That his sd Excell. Robt Hunter & Robt Liv- ingston aforesd have come to mutuall Agreemt about the supplying of the Palatines settled in three several! Townships upon that land purcnasd for the use of the Queen her successors and assigns for ever in the Manor of Livingston on the East side of Hudsons River & two other Towns on the west side of sd River on the Queens land opposite thereunto with Bread and Beer for and during the Term of six months next ensuing in maner & form & upon the Terms and condicons hereafter menconed and exprest OAZETTEBS OF TOWNS. 123 That is to my The sd Bobt Livingston for himself he Ezecrs & admrs & every of them doth Covenant grant and agree to & with his sd Excell. his Execrs & admrs that he the sd Robt Livingston his Execrs & Admrs for S> in Consideracon of the Covenants clauses, articles & paymts here- after menconed & Exprest on the part & behalf of his sd Excell. his Execrs & Admrs to be paid performed fulfilled & kept will well and faith- fully furnish & supply or cause & procure to be well & faithfully fur- nished & supplyd at the Manor house of the sd Manor such numbers of Palatines as he shall have in Charge to supply the Quantity of Bread & Beer following (that is to say) for each Person of them each day the Quan- tity of Bread Equall to one third of a Loaf of bread of such sort & assize which is comonly at the prise of four pence half penny in the Citty of New York in weight and fineness according to the assize of Bread in sd City for the time being & one Quart of Beer such as is usually; called ships Beer of the Prise of three Pounds for each Tun All which is to be delivered to the Comissary or Comissarys of the sd Palatines for the time being at the sd Manor house, he or they the sd Comissaiy or Coriiis- sarys Granting Certificates unto the sd Robt Livingston his Execrs or Admrs of such Delivery In Writing under their hands for the Rule & measure of his paymts In Consideracon whereof his sd Bxcellcy for himself his Execrs & admrs doth Covenant Grant & agree to pay & satisfle or cause to colored. The City Hall is a brick building, located on Warren Street near the center of the City. The Post Oflace is in one part of the lower story ; the other part is used for mercantile purposes. The Public Schools of Hudson are justly noted for their excellence; but we believe they would be still further improved and their efficiency increased by the ignoring of that prejudice which leads its citizens to separate the sexes in their schools, a practic© which doubtless originated with the Quakers, who formed about one-third of the early settlers of the City, and with which the private schools (of which there are some very worthy ones,) have had to contend. This is, perhaps, the only seriously objectionable feature which their school system presents. It is gratifying, however, to be able to state that it is beginning to disappear. In 1857 the City was divided into four school districts, and now gives employment to 19 teachers. The number of children of school age, as shown by remort for year ending June 30, 1870, was 3,054 ; the average attendance, 190.674; and the amount expended for school purposes, $10,508.07. In addition to the public schools thei'e are three ably conducted private schorfls. The Hudson Academy building is a plain, three istory brick edifice, located on Prospect Hill, near the Cemetery. It is donated by the Trustees to the present Principals, Kevs. H. E. Schermerhorn and A. Mattice, for the purpose of maintaining a school. The present number of pupils in attendance is 95, though 150 can be accommodated. The faculty consists of ^ teachers. ^ Both, sexes are admitted; and its object is to prepare pupils fcS College, a purpose which its curriculum is well 140 GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. calculated to accomplish. The school was commenced under its present management in September, 1869, with 70 pupils. The increase in its number of pupils in less than a year is in- dicative of the thoroughness of the work done here. At an early day this school acquired a favorable notoriety, and many men who afterwards became eminent, owe much of their success to the instruction received there. Among the prominent men who acknowledge it as their Alma Mater we may name Elias Leavenworth, Amasa J. Parker, Judge Henry Hogeboom, Eev. Dr. J. Edson Eockwell, Judge Claudius L. Monell, Judge Josiah Sutherland, Judge John W. Edmonds, Theo. Miller, Joseph D. Monell, Gen. W. H. Halleck, Kev. Dr. Benj. E. Stone, Eev. Dr. Ferdinand Eogers and Eobert H. Mor- ris. Up to within a few years, however, it has degenerated somewhat. It is the purpose of the present occupants to bring it up to that high reputation it formerly merited. The deed for the land on which this school stands was ex- ecuted in 1806. A charter was obtained in 1807, but the school commenced Dec. 3, 1805, under the direction of Andrew M. Carshore, as we learn from the Balance of that date. The fol- lowing extracts from the trustee records may prove of interest in this connection and serve to show that the residents of Hudson were early impressed with the importance of educa- tional matters. On the 37th of Eebruary, 1805, sixty-four persons being "duly impressed with the importance and necessity of diffusing useful knowledge by the establishlnent of suitable Seminaries, for the instruction of youth," formed them- selves " into an association for the promotion of such desirable objects ; " and for that purpose entered into the following com- pact : " We do mutually covenant, consent and agree for ovirselves, our heiis and assigns that John Swift, Samuel Tenbroeck, Wm. Ashley, Ebenezer Kand, Wm. Shaw, Noah Gridley, Benj. Miller, Luther Dunning and Asa Frary, shall be a committee to do and perform the several duties hereafter mentioned, — That is to say— We whose names are hereunto subscribed do for ourselves and our legal representatives promise to pay [here follows the names above quoted], or the survivor or survivors, a committee appointed by the association for erecting an Academy or Seminary which is to be known and called by the name of the Hudson Academy, the sum of ten dollars for every share of stock in the said association, set opposite our respective names, in such manner and proportion and at such 1,imes and places as shall be determined by them, or a major part of them, or the survivor or survivors of them' and the said book or books shall be opened by the said committee, or the major part of them for subscription until there is as many shares subscribed as wiU complete said Academy, to the number of eighty shares." ^This land, consisting of about two acres, was granted in part by the City of Hudson, and conveyed in part by Setji G. May QAZETTEWB OP TOWNS. 141 to Jolm Swift and others ; and the building erected was 50 feet front, 30 feet deep, three etories high and constructed of brick. Five trustees were elected by the building committee from the stock-holders, who were entitled to one rote for each share held to the number of ten, and one vote for every three shares above that number ; and it was provided that the trustees should " be elected forever each anniversary day, and elections always [held] at the Academy." These trustees were elected at a meet- ing held Oct. 13, 1805, and were named as follows : Wm W. Van Ness, Peter Van Eensselaer, Henry Croswell, John Swift and Wm. Ashley ; and at a meeting held by the trustees two days subsequent John Swift was elected President and Wm. Ashley, Secretary, for one year. At a meeting held Nov. 11, 1805, Henry Croswell was appointed a Committee to write to Mr. Ashbel Strong rejecting his pi*oposition to become teacher in the Academy, also to write to Mr. Catlin requesting him to accept that position. At a meeting held March 35, 1806, Wm. Ashley was authorized to petition the Eegents at Albany for a charter of incorporation ; and at a meeting held Dec. 36, 1806, Wm. W. Van Ness was authorized to petition them for the same purpose, and three others appointed to confer with him and make necessary arrangements. Jan'y 23, 1807, they were again petitioned, and at the same time the number of Trustees was increased to 34. June 13, 1807, nine stock holders trafasferred to the Trustees twenty-two shares of stock for the purpose of endowing the Academy with sufficient real estate to obtain a charter of incorporation, and July 4, 1808, Mr. Strong was re- quested to prepare and present a petition to the Eegents for the same purpose. At a meeting held Oct. 11, 1806, it was "■ BeaoVoed, That we declare a Dividend of fifty cents on a share of the capital stock of the Hudson Academy, payable when the arrearages due the Academy are collected or there is money in the hands of the Treas- urer." The Hudson Young Ladies^ Seminary was established in 1848. It is centrally located on Warren Street and is connected with the residence of the Misses Peake, Elizabeth and Sophia C, who are the Principals, and who have conducted it seventeen years. The course of instruction is well adapted to impart a thorough and finished education which shall grace the after life of its graduates with substantial accomplishments, dis- played not only in the mental, but also the moral and physical natures. Particular attention is paid to the French language by a native French teacher residing in the family. No better evidence of the high reputation this school enjoys can, per- haps, be adduced than by citing the fact that it is full to the capacity of its accommodations, there being fifty pupils in attendance. It gives employment to five teachers. 142 GAZBTTBER OF TOWNS. The Misses Skinner's School for Girls, located on Union Street, near the center of the City, and established in April 1867, by the present Principals, Misses Sarah R. and Cornelia Skinner, exhibits indications of mreat care and thoroughness in its educational department. It is conducted as a primary school, and was kept for three years at their residence, where the num- ber of pupils was limited to twenty-five. Encouraged by the evidences of appreciation which their efforts elicited, they erected a new building at a cost, including the lot on which it stands, of $8,500, and into which the school was moved in April, 1870. The present number of pupils in attendance is 37. The new building will accommodate 80 pupils. On the removal of the school the classics were added to its curriculum. Four teachers are employed and one not permanently connected with the school, is employed to impart instruction in vocal music. The Hudson Lancaster Society was incorporated April 15, 1817, for the purpose of establishing a Lancasterian School, for the fratuitous education of the children of the poor. A lot was onated by the Common Council, and the erection of a building commenced the same year, the expenses of which were defrayed by donations. Josiah Underbill was its first teacher. No scholar was admitted without submitting to the inspection of a physician, if the teacher required it, and none were retained unless kept clean and decently clothed. It received for its support from the Common Council the school money, the money realized from the excise fund and from lottery licenses, the deficiency being provided for by individual contributions. An effort was subsequently made to withdraw from it a part of the fund donated by the City, but without avail. " It seems, how- ever," says Miller, " at one time to have seriously interfered with its successful operation, for we find Henry Dibblee and Cornelius Miller offering to become personally responsible for the education of fifty children, until the Council should abandon the effort to take from the school the fund apportioned to it." By an act of May 11, 1835, the Society was allowed to raise $400 annually. But it languished, and notwithstanding the fact that the ladies very generously contributed to its assist- ance the proceeds realized from a fair, it suspended in 1841. In 1838 an " African School " was established and its support contributed to by the religious societies in the following amounts : Universalists, Presbyterians a,nd Friends, each $25 ; Episcopalians $30; and Baptists and Methodists, each $13. « The Lancaster Society," says Miller, " appropriated $35, and petitioned the Common Council for and received an annual donation of $50." GAZETTEER OF TOWN'S. 143 The Hudson, Select Amdemy was built in 1813, by an associa- tion of which Seth Jenkins was President. It acquired the name of " Shad Academy" through the efforts of Jenkins to procure the passage of an act by the Legislature granting to it the fishing ground^ in the vicinity of Hudson, with the right to impose a tax upon all persons fishing thereon, the income to go to the support of th# school. It ceased many years ago. The Hudson Female Academy was organized in 1851 and occupied the building formerly used as a private lunatic asylum. It is discontinued. James Burns opened the first 'school in Hudson, in 1783, "in a small building then standing upon the County road, near the river, built by the inhabitants at Claverack Landing for a school house." During the blasting of rocks in opening Front Street Mr. Burns always dismissed his school until the firing was over. The building was demolished at this time. "When it is considered that the act making the common schools of the State entirely free, and providing for their sup- port by district taxation, was not passed until 1849, it wiH be seen that much merit attaches to the efforts of the Lancasterian Society to anticipate this measure i;i 1817. The City contains four public sfchools, two for boys, one fox girls and one for colored children, where the sexes are com- bined. The Hudson Gt^han and Belief Asylum was established in Oct. 1843, owing its existence mainly to the efforts of Mrs. Robert McKinstry. Abner Hammond paid the rent of the building which it originally occupied for the first year ; he also contributed the lot on which the present building stands. It was incorporated in 1846, and its management entrusted to five trustees. The present building was erected in 1847, its cost, $6,000, being paM by individual contributions. Mrs. McKin- stry's devotion to the interests of the Asylum and the comfort of its inmates, ceased only with her death, which occurred June 33, 1863. The Franklin Library Association was organized and chartered in 1837 and was an' outgrowth from the Franklin Debating Society, which was started in 1834. It is located in the City Hall Building and contains about 4,000 volumes. It is sup- ported by membership dues, of $4 a year, from 300, the present number of members, and is in a flourishing condition. Lec- tures are given under its auspices during the winter, more to afford amusement and recreation to the citizens than to aug- ment its funds. It is kept supplied with new publications 144 OAZETTEES OF TOWNS. whose selection is entrusted to a committee of three. It is opened Saturday afternoon and evening. The School District Library, 139 Warren Street, contains akout 1,300 Tplumes and Is supported by the school money. No accessions have been made to its list of books within at least ten years. It is open Friday afternoans from 3 to 5 P. >M. only. The Y. M. 0. Association was organized in May 1866. Its rooms, which are very fine ones, are located on Warren Street. James Gifford was its first President and its success is largely due to his efiBcient effort. The Library belonging to the Asso- ciation contains a choice selection of books to the number of about 700 volumes, which were donated mainly by the citizens. The Eeading Eoom, open evenings, is free to all, and contains a good selection of religious and secular reading matter. . A Lunatic Asylum was established herein 1833 by Dr. Samuel White. It was continued six and a half years, during which time 397 patients were admitted, and discontinued upon the opening of the State Asylum at IJtica. The first mention, perhaps, that we have of the site of Hudson, is contained in a monograph of Hudson's voyage up the river which bears his name. According to that journal " the night of Sept. 17, 1609, was spent at anchor near the marshes or flats which lie opposite the city, and on his return he ran aground on the same spot, where he remained for two days, receiving visits from the friendly Indians, who came out to him in canoes, and 'gave him stopes of beads,' and showed him the whole country, as though it were at his command." It was the flag of Holland (Hudson being in the service of the Dutch Bast India Co.,) that first floated amid these scenes and led the way to the settlement of this region. The eatliest settlement of which we have record, was made in 1783, by Peter Hogeboom, Peter Van Hoesen, Casper Hnyck, John Van Allen, aftd John, Jacob, Jonathan and Leonard Hardick. At this time Hudson was known as " Claverack Landing." Two stores were opened, one of which was kept by John Van Allen, the other by Peter Hogeboom. Each store l^ad a sloop landing connected with it. Conrad Mock kept a canoe ferry wnich started from the site of the present ferry dock and run to Loonenburg, now known as the "upper purchase" of Athens. "A single canoe was used for passengers, and two were lashed together when teams were to cross, the wagons being fastened upon the canoes, while the horses were tied to them and compelled to swim." The most considerable settlement, however, and that which laid the found- ation for the future prosperity of the City was made in 1783, by &AZETTBEB OF TOWNS. 145 Seth and Thomas Jenkins and their associ9,tes.* The two named, with 28 others, mostly from ITantucket and Martha's Vineyard, who, in consequence of the breaking up of the whale fisheries of Nantucket by the British Marine at an early period of the Eevolatdon, that year formed themselves into an associa- tion for commercial purposes, and selected this as the seat of their operations. It was resolved that the association should not con- sist of more than thirty members, all of whom should be mer- chants, or " concerned in navigating the deep." A city plot was at once surveyed, docks were built and ship building com- menced. The following year the Hudson, a ship of 300 tons, was launched by Jenkins & Qelston. In 1784, Gen. Edmonds, father of Judge John W. Edmonds, living served in various capacities during the war for Independence, at the age of twen- ty-three " started to seek his fortune " with nothing but a horse, saddle, bridle, two blankets and a little Continental money. During his wanderings he arrived here, became one of the fe^ early settlers, and opened a store, in which business he con- tinued until the war of 1812, when he again entered the army. Cotton Gelston opened a store the same year, and in 1785 Thomas Jenkins and Josiah Alcott built a ropewalk 600 feet long. Josiah Barnard built a wind grist mill on Prospect Hill in 1787 ; and Thomas and Seth JenBns and Stephen Pad- dock, a hemp ducking factory, in 1789. The first child born after the purchase made by the association was Elizabeth Bun- ker, who died while young. The "proprietors," as the members of the association were called, brought with them several vessels, and in some instances the frames of houses. " It is said," says Miller in his Sketches of Hudson, that " at first the proprietors encountered opposition from individuals in Claverack and Kin- derhook, [both of which places were settled prior to Hudson,] who endeavored in various ways to hinder their progress, probably foreseeing that one result of the new settlement would be to take from Claverack its position as the seat of the County buildings. Not understanding the Dutch language, the pro- prietors employed in the double capacity of book-keeper and spy, an individual who did, that they might be able to counter- act all efforts made to injure them." From the last named authority we learn that the proprietors held their first meeting to elect officers and devise measures for the regulation of their *The names of those who accompanied the two Jenkins, who appeaiHo have been mainly instrnmental in the formation of the colony, were, so f^r as we have been able to ascertain them, David Lawrence, Hezekiah Dayton, Nathaniel Greene, Samuel Mansfield, Wm. Wall, John Thnrston, John Alsop, Cotton Oelston, Stephen Paddock, Joseph Barnard, Charles Jenkins, Deborah Jenkins, Gideon Gardner, Reuben Folger, Alex. Coffin, Benjamin and Paul Hue6ey, Shubael Worth, Benjamin and Walter Folger and Reuben Macy. These were soon joined bv Be^j. Starbnck, John Cartwright, Mar- shal and Lemuel Jenkins, Peleg Clark, John AUen, Wm. Hintum, Ezra Reed and Titus Morgan. 14:6 GAZETtEEB OF TOiTNS. affairs at the house of Seth Jenkins, May 14, 1784 At that meeting it was voted, " that no person should fix his house without such direction from a majority of the committee as they might think proper ; " and that " no person should extend his steps more than four feet from his dooi: or seller ways." It is to be presumed that these worthy settlers did not literally in- terpret the last clause in this provision and confine their steps to the limits indicated. It is interesting to note the precise date at which the proprietors resolved to change the name of the City to the one by which it is now known. At a meeting held Nov. 14, 17S4^ the records show it was unanimously agreed that "infuter it should be called by the name of Hudson." This action displeased Gov. Cmnton, who was desirous that it should take his name. June 19, 1785, land was granted to the City for the erection of a jaiL The jail " was constructed of logs, with grates at the windows," and it is said " that almost the first prisoner confined in it concealed an auger upon his person, bored through the logs and escaped." In 1805 the Common Council aj)propriated $2,000 and a lot of land for the erection of a new jail, which was ready for the reception of prisoners in October of that year. The building is now occupied as the office of the Hudson Gazette. Promenade Hill was granted to the Comnion ' Council March 9, 1795, and near its southern end is planted a circular grove of trees called " lovers retreat." These are said to have been planted to mark a rock known in the early days of the City as " Love rock," and the spot where a large propor- tion of the marriage contracts were made by the early Quakers. The City grew with great rapidity by the accessions made to its members from various localities. Many enterprirfng persons were attracted by the flattering prospects it presented and it soon became the ceiiter of a very extensive commercial business. It became a port of entry in 1790* and at an early period its commerce extended to the West Indies and Europe. Shad and herring from the river and eoast fisheries, ship timber and country produce were exported, and the whale fisheries formed an important element in its maritime interests. About 1785 to '88 more ships were owned at Hudson than at New York. At an early day in the settlement of this place whale fiphing was prosecuted very successfully and was continued for several years, but declined vrith the opening of the I'rench Eevolution and the pibtracted war in Europe, which created so great a demand for neutral vessels and afforded a much better market for freights as to Indiloe ship owners to abaindon whale fishing to enga^ in what promised to be the more profitable carrying feade. But this trade was not long enjoyed, for many whose *See Miller's " SketcheB of Hudson," p. 84. GAZBTTBEB OF TOWNS. 147 ships were thus employed were soon dispossessed of them under the rigid enforcemeiit of " British orders and French decrees." Other losses by sea, the war, the embargo and non-intercourse, put an end to the commerce and ship building of Hudson. It remained a port of entry until 1815. Its maritime losses pro- duced much embarrassment and many failures, which had a depressing influence for a considerable period. The revival of the whale fisheries tended to re-animate its business men. The first ship which engaged in the whale fisheries from Hudson, after its revival, was the Alexander Mansfield, which was purchased in 1829, by a company from this City. The number of ships were increased as the success of the business warranted, uitil at its greatest prosperity, twelve, owned by persons in Hudson, were engaged in this business. It ,was carried on with varied success until 1843 or '44. Its final dis- continuance was mainly owing to the decline of the business ; the expense of outfit constanlSy increased, while the avails as fast became meager. The whaJes, having become scattered, much additional outlay was necessitated. The manufacture of sperm oil was carried on to a considerable extent about ihe' time the whale fishing subsided, and was discontinued in 1851. In 1797 there were 126 persons in the City who were assessed £100 and upwards, and in 180O the population, including 88 slaves, was 4,048. At the latter date it ranked third in the State in commerce, and fourth in manufactures; and when the question of the removal of the Capital from New York came up in the General Assembly, Hudson needed but one vote to secure its location there. Some idea of the vast commercial importance of this City at an early day may be formed from the fact, as stated in the Columbia Balance, March 1, 1802, that twenty-eight hundred loaded sleighs entered the City on that day. The following extract firom 27te Balance and Columbian Re- 'podtory of Mareli 3, 1807, would seem to indicate that the City Fathers were not at that early day averse to speculation : » An &iSm»\ has lately been exhibited in several towns in the IT. S., and called by its possessor, an East Indian nondescript. Tbousands have flocked to see it, and the unfortunate discavery that it is as shawn, bear ! has alone presented its piodueing a fortune to its ingenious transmogrifier. A few days BiDice, it arrived in this place, and as il t|0 ^ve dignity to the imposture, our common cpuncil actually entered into pactnership with the possessor of IJie beast, and received half the avails of the cheat! " COBBBCJ-ION. " We were mistaken in sappoeing that our corporation made a hand- some spec ovrt of the shaven ibear, which w»s exhibiited a few da^s since. After receiving half the avails of the ch^al;, and pacing the stipulated wages to the man who was appointed to keep the door, .the corporation actually fell in debt taewtg-Jhe cents /" 148 GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. Fulton's steamboat, the Clermont, passed here, through the Western Channel, August 17, 1807. On her return she passed through the Hudson channel, and "every spot which afforded a view of the river, was crowded with people eager to get a view of the ' great curiosity.' " The following extract from an article contributed to the Columbia Republican by Eev. Dr. Rockwell, will serve to show the simplicity of the domestic and social life of the primitive settlers in this locality, which was, he says, " characterized by simple habits, untiring industry, indomitable energy and enter- prise, economy and thrift. The comfortable homes of the early Dutch farmers, with their well swept and sanded floors, high mantles — ornamented with branches of asparagus or branches of lilac — growing out of the heads of quaint old images of China or Plaster of Paris — with the old family clock gravely ticking out its seconds in the corner, and its face covered with figures of the moon's changes and the days of the month — with those fam- ous triangular buffets filled with rows of china, and glass and silver — with those capacious kitchens which served also for the dining hall, (showing the huge oaken beams of the peiling,) neat and tidy, redolent with the» savory meal which busy house wives were preparing, or the fragrant pipe which the farmer was smoking as hS sat before the broad fire place in his high- backed chair, while his frau and rosy-cheeked daughters made music with the hum of the spinning wheel or the play of the shuttle and the loom — with those great roomy garrets, portioned off by unpainted boards into bed-rooms, and leaving ampl^ - space for old family iron bound chests and long strings of dried pumpkins pendant from the roof, and heaps >f apples and nuts awaiting their union with the kruUers from the panti'y and the cider from the cellar — when the beau and belles of the day should meet for the evening frolics of the winter, while the great fires in their huge chimneys crackled and roared and sent off their showers of sparks and bade defiance to the storms that were howling without." Cheery as is the picture jyesented, what a contrast does it not exhibit with such an one as might be drawn of the elegant, comfortable, but not, perhaps, more happy homes which have replaced them. A volume might be written with interest and profit on this and kindred subjects, especially the good old stage coach times, with its varied scenes of thril- ling interest, but the space to which we are limited compels us to defer it with but a mere allusion here. The anti-rent difficultiies to which we have alluded in a general way in the history of the County on page 88, created much ex- citement and necessitated the presence of a large force of troops in Hudson for a month. The circumstance which led to this GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 149 military display was the failure of Sheriff Henry C. Miller to serve process and make sale of property belonging to disaffected persons in Copake, (which is noticed in the history of that town,) which so incensed the citizens of Hudson that the Sheriff and Joseph D. Monell, who volunteered to accompany him, determined to attempt the arrest of " Big Thunder/' who^was advertised to address a meeting of the tenants of the lands un- der the Van Eansselaer title, at Smokey Hollow, now known as HoUowville, on the 18th of December, 1844. It was at thiS' meeting that young Eifenburgh was shot, but whether his death resulted from accident or design could not be determined. The Sheriff and Mr. Monell arrived at HoUowville after the meeting had been dispersed and most of the pseudo "Indians" had laid aside their disguises. They found " Big Thunder " in the back room of a tavern, in conversation with several individuals. He" made no resistance until they reached the front door, when he drew his pistol and attempted to escape, and, says Miller, "would have succeeded but for the intrepidity of John S. Anable and Deputy Sheriff Thomas Sedgwick, who were present at the time." A severe struggle ensued, bat he was overpowered and both he and "Little Thunder" were brought to Hudson and con- fined in jail. Their arrest produced intense excitement in the country, and public and private meetings were held, and threats of an attempt to rescue them were freely indulged. The citi- zens became alarmed and immediate steps were taken to frustrate such an attempt should it be made. Public meetings were held and addressed by prominent citizens, urging upon the people "the importance of taking a bold stand in favor of law and order ;" a committee was appointed to devise means to protect the City at night^from apprehended arson, who establish- ed a patrol of 20 citizens in each ward, "and the Hudson Light Guard, Capt. Cowles, were ordered to rendezvous with loaded muskets and twenty rounds of ball cartridge, at the Court House instanter, in case of an alarm, of which notice would be given by the ringing of the bell of the' Presbyterian church ;" one hundred men were enrolled at the suggestion of Attorney General Barker, and, with four pieces of artillery, were placed under command of Cajpt. Henry Whiting, and were subject to the Sheriff's order, and under tbe pay of the State ; aid was so- licited and obtained from Athens and Catskill ; a volunteer company of 500 men, called the "Law and Order Association," under the comman(|,6f Col. Chas. Darling, held themselves sub- ject at all times to the call of the Sheriff, and a committee of safety appointed and authorized to call upon the State author- ities for 500 stand of arms for their use, and which were fur- nished by Gov, Buck ; the Albany Burgesses Corps, at the re- 150 GAZETTEBJR OF TOWNS. quest of the Common Council, came down to remain until the excitement should subside ; a proclamation setting forth the cause of the commotion and appealing tp the citizens to iden- tify themselves with measures looking to the preservation of order and maintenance of justice, was issued by Mayor Cyrus Curtiss; and "an address signed by a large number of the leading citizens of Hudson was sent to the tenants, warning them of the penalties they were bringing upon themselves, and appealing to them to cease fheir attempts to obstruct the ad- ministration of justice, but Without any good effect." "Bands of disguised men continued to fire upon and arrest officers, taking from them their papers, and it was found necessary for the Governor to send here an additional military force, consist- ing of the Emmet Guards, the Van Eensselaer Guards, Albany Republican Artillery, Washington Riflemen, and a Gernjan Company of Cavalry from New York, under the command of Oapt. Krack. These were quartered at' the various public houses and upon the boats then wintering at the wharves. Hudson presented the appearance of a military encampment. Cannon were planted in front of the Court House, the streets resounded with martial music and the tramp of soldiery. Ar- rests were made in rapid succession, and in a very short time comparative quiet was restored and the military force gradual- ly withdrawn." The nearest approach to a casualty resulting from the presence of the military and the threatened serious ' disturbances tbey were designed to suppress, seems to have been a shot fired "upon a very dark night, about the midnight hour, by a 'solitary man on horseback,' " at a sentry of the Emmet Guards, stationed at the Worth House. The ball entered a col- umn upon the stoop, and the sentry escaped without injury. "Big and Little Thunder were both indicted and the former brought to trial in the month of March, before Judge Amasa J. Parker. Great interest was manifested throughout the tr^l and the court room was densely thronged." The prosecution was conducted by John Van Buren, then Attorney General of the State, and Theodore . Miller ; and the prisoners were de- fended by Ambrose L. Jordan and James Storni. The triaj oc- cupied nearly two weeks and resulted in the disagreement of the jury. The second trial before Judge Edmonds, in Septem- ber, developed the same interest, but resulted in his conviction and. confinement in Clinton State Prison, where he remained until discharged shortly after by Gov. Young. During this trial A personal encounter occurred between the Opposing attor- neys, who indiscreetly exhibited the warmth engendered by debate by a resort to blows in open Court. Judge Edmonds, with characteristic fearlessness and independence, rebuked OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. 151 the Counsel by promptly committing them both to prison and adjourning the Court. It is gratifying to state, however, that the friendly feelings hitherto existing between the parties engaged in this transaction were not in the least disturbed thereby. "Little Thunder" was not tried, but after a year's confinement in the County jail was discharged. The Tery early settlers in this locality, before it was known by its present name, were accustomed to worship in the Luther- an church at Loonenburg, of which some of them were ofiBcers. Many of the " proprietors " were Quakers and brought with them their peculiar religious views. Sept. 8, 1784, they re- quested that a piece of ground might be set apart on which to erect a meeting-house and school-house ; it was granted With the provision that it should be built upon before any other Society should make application. They erected a small frame building, which, in consequence of their rapidly increasing numbers, was superseded in 1794 by a two-story brick building, fifty-two by thirty-eight feet, capable of accommodating 600 people, devoid of exterior ornament, in strict conformity with the simplicity which characterized the sect at that day. It did not for many years even boast of a coat of paint, and had so little to designate its use that a stranger would scarcely suppose it to be a house of worship. Its interior arrangement displayed the same simple taste. A protracted sitting upon its plain, hard, high-backed benches, must have put the physical endurance of those who took little intei'est in the devotional ex- ercises to a severe test ; but the omnipresent Quaker cane sufficed to suppress any exhibition of it, especially among the younger attendants, by facial expression or bodily contortion, or any in- clination to levity, to nap, or other breach of decorum. The watchful eyes of the demure elders, who, seated on elevated benches in convenient proximity, were not slow to detect any delinquency and administer reproof with such severity as the circumstances seemed to warrant. A movable partition was used on particular occasions to divide the building and entire- ly separate the sexes. The men on all occasions occupied the left side of the house, the women, the right. Their devotions were usually silent, but some traveling preacher occasionally broke in upon the stillness of the hour with words of instruction and counsel. " There were preachers among them," says Miller, "who did occasionally discourse to them," and particular men- tion is made of Thomas Comstock and Hannah Barnard. The latter was so important a personage with the sect that we deem a brief notice of her warrantable. She was, says Miller, "an extraordinary woman, one of the most gifted of her day, and probably the most intelligent female Friend in the country. 152 OAZBTTEEB OF TOWNS. She was of medium size and spare, with a keen black eye, and pleasing expression of countenance. She possessed great power of language, a remarkably inquisitive turn of mind, was a wo- man of much thought and extensive reading and had traveled considerably in Europe ; but all her good qualities could not save her from falling under the censure of the Society and be- ing 'read ont of meeting.'" The interior of the house was never painted and it would be dif&cult to imagine a room more . unattractive ; yet they occupied it until 1853. The number of members was diminished by the decline of business in Hudson, as many of them emigrated to other sections of the country. An unhappy division which occurred in the Society in 18^8, also contributed to this end. Hopes are entertained that, now the heat engendered by the disputation has died out, and the aims of the two branches are identical, an union will be ef- fected. The present membership is twenty, and its minister, Aaron C. Macy. The present house of worship, which will seat 200 persons, was erected in 1865, at a cost of $3,000. The First Preshyterian Church was organized February 23, 1790, and incorporated three days afterwards. Up to this time the Church of the Quaker Society was the only one in Hudson. Eev. John Thompson was its first pastor, the present one is Eev. David R. Frazer. The first house of worship, a substan- tial brick building, capable of seating 500 persons, was com- menced in 1790 and completed in 1792 ; the present one, which will seat 900 persons, was erected in 1836, at a cost of $21,500, and was dedicated May 24, 1837. The improvements mad^ since then make its present estimated value $75,000. The present number of members is 377. The Methodist Church was the third one organized in the City. They erected their first house of worship on a lot donated by the "proprietors" in 1790J which they occupied until 1825, at which time they erected the building subsequently occupied by the Society of Friends. The present building was erected in 1853.. The precise date of the organization of this Church ie not known, but it is admitted that it existed for some time prior to the erection of their first house. We are unable to give further particulars. ' The Episcopal Church commenced the erection of their church edifice on a lot donated by the " proprietors," in 1795, but ow- ing to pecuniary embarrassment, resulting from the defalcation of their first minister, named Gardner, who decamped with some three to four thousand dollars belonging to th^ building fund, it progressed slowly and was not wholly completed until 1823, at which time a steeple was added. Its occupancy, however, was OAZETTBBB OF TOWyS. - 153 begun in 1802, at whicli time they adopted the title of Christ Church, and it was dedicated by Bishop Moore in 1803. The deed conveying the lot on which the church was erected, stipu- lated that the building should be erected within five years or the land should revert to the " proprietors," but although they failed in doing this, no advantage was taken of it. The society was or- ganized prior to 1795, as they were accustomed to worship in a school house, but the date is not known. A charity school was established in connection with the Church in 1803. " It is said," says Miller, " that the first Sabbath-school in the State of New York (probably outside of the city of New York,) was established by Christ Church." Their first organ was erected in 1811, at a cost of $450. Their new edifice was consecrated by Bishop Potter, in October, 1857. The First Baptist Church was organized by Elder Daniel Steers, a Missionary from New York, August 28, 1810, with twelve mem- bers, and Rev. Harvey Jenks as its first pastor. Until 1818 they worshiped in a private residence, for which they paid a rental of fifty cents per week, and later, when their number increased beyond its limits for accommodation, in the Court House. June 7, 1818, they entered and dedicated the first house erected by the society, which cost $1,500. The present church edifice was dedicated in October, 1861. The First Universalist Church was organized in 1817, with Rev. Joshua Plagg as its first pastor, and its first house of wor- ship was erected the same year. The present house, which will seat 350 (?)* persons, was erected in 1867 at a cost of $40,000. Its present membership is seventy, and its present pastor, Rev. Charles W. Tomlinson. The organization of the Church is largely due to the energy and liberality of Capt. John Hatha- way, who requested Abner Kneeland to visit Hudson and preach, made the necessary arrangements for the meeting and bore all the expenses attending it. This meeting resulted in its imme- diate organization, and steps being taken to erect a church edi- fice, the lot for which wias given by Capt. Hathaway, who also contributed liberally toward the erection of a building. The Church has always manifested vitality and energy, and. sinbe its organization has numbered among its members and society men of sterling integrity and. public influence. The church edifice is free from debt, and the society has an ehdowment fund of $20,000, bequeathed by the late Hon. Robert Mc- Kinstry. •Tlie statistics from wblch this Infarmstion is obtained state that the seating capacity of the charch is 360, but this is evidently a mistake and should read irom two to tbiee times that number. 154 OAZETTEEB OP TOWNS. The First Reformed Church was organized Sept. 20, 1835, by the Classis of Eensselaer, with seTen members, and Eev. George H. Fisher, D. D., as its first pastor. The first house of worship was erected in 1836 and was dedicated Dec. 18, of that year. It was enlarged and rebuilt in 1867. It will seat comfortably 750 persons and its present estimated yalue is $50,000. Its pres- ent pastor is Eev. John McClellan Holmes, D. D., and its mem- bership, 405. The Lord's Supper was administered for the first time on the last Sunday in January, 1836, at which time there were seventeen communicants. The St. Mary's Church, (Catholic,) the first Catholic Church in the County, was organized in 1847 by Eev. Wm. Howard, who was its first pastor. The first and present house of worship, which wiU seat 600 persons, was erected in 1848. Improve- ments have been made on the church and church property at various times, under the supervision of the present pastor, Eev. James S. O'SuUivan. Its present estimated value, including the pastorate, convent and schoolhouse, is $30,000. The present membership is 1,500. There are six Sisters connected with the convent, and about 400 children, with the free day school. A Temperance Society, also connected with the Church, was organized in Feb. 1871 j with nearly 400 members. Previous to the year 1847, meetings were held in public and other halls. The African M. E. Zion Church was organized March 13, 1855, by Eev. Wesley Marshall, who was its first pastor, with 25 members. The following year the society bought a small building which they converted into a place of worship. April 10, 1860, they bought and improved the church formerly occu- pied by the Episcopalians, paying therefor 11,800. It will seat 800 persons, and the improvements made at various times, make its present estimated value $8,000. Eev. Joseph P. Thompson has filled the pulpit since June 1, 1870. The present number of members is 43, and probationers, 67. Its growth has been retarded by dissensions originating from certain members of the Wesleyan Society, from whom the church edifice was pur- chased and who became members of the new organization, but it is now in a prosperous condition. 2Tie St. John's Evangelical Church was organized Nov. 12, 1866, by Eev. Wm. HuU, its first and present pastor, with 39 members. Their house of worship, which will seat comfortably 600 persons, was erected in 1869, at a cost of $30,000. The present number of members is 96. The Evangelical Lutheran St, Matthias Congregation was or- ganized March 1, 1869, by Eev. A. Freih, its first pastor, with forty members, the present number connected with the society. CfAZMTTEEB OF TOWNS. 165 Its present pastor is Eey. K. Kentz. The society expect to build a church edifice in the fall of 1871, on a lot which it now owns> to cost about $7,000, and be capable of seating 250 per- sons. The citizens of Hudson may point with just pride to its many fine massive church edifices which stand, like colossal monuments, to indicate the spiritual wealth and vitality of the worshipers at their shrines. KINDEJRHOOK, a Dutch name, signifying "Chil- dren's Point," was formed as a district, March 23, 1772, and organized as a town, March 7, 1788. A part of Chatham was taken off in 1795, a part of Ghent in 1818, and Stuyvesant in 1833. There are several versions of the origin of this name : one is, that it was given by Hudson from the number of In- dian children congregated to see his vessel at a point above Stuyvesant Landing; and another, that it was derived from the number of children belonging to a family residing at the forks of an Indian trail, where the village of Kinderhook now is. The town lies on the north border of the County, west of the center. The surface is a beautiful champaign, varied by gentle undulations. The soil is exceedingly various. In some parts it is sandy and extremely dry, the sand being in some places red and in others white ; while in other parts is found a black loamy soil, and in others clay. It is generally sus- ceptible of a high state of cultivation. The principal streams are feinderhook Creek and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake. In the north part of the town are three beautiful sheets of water. Kinderhook Lake is located on the east line, about one-half mile east from Niverville, a station on the Boston and Albany Eailroad, making it very accessible by rail from New York or Albany. It is very irregular in shape, and is about four miles in circumference, and one and one-half miles at its greatest length. It contains three islands, two of which are quite small. The largest one contains an area of about four acres. The two small islands have but a sparse growth of underbrush, while the larger one and the shores, in several places, are covered with a handsome growth of timber. The surrounding scenery possesses a quiet beauty which is enhanced by its diversity. In places the shores recede in gentle slopes, while in others they rise with some degfee of abruptness. A hotel, of which E. H. Palmer is proprietor, has been erected on a promontory which projects into the lake for more than half its length and terminates somewhat abruptly. This projection is, for some distance from its water terminus, covered with a fine growth of timber which affords ample shade to the pleasure 166 OAZETTEEB Of TOWNS. seeker, from the summer sun, and forms a delightful retreat in which one can indulge his reflections and enjoy the charming scenery which nature has here so lavishly spread out. The abundance of fish (pickerel, perch, sun-fish, suckers, cat-fish and a very few golden-fish,) which the lake contains, gives it great attractiveness to those who enjoy piscatorial sports, while its placid waters and surrounding scenery, endow it with a charm for those who solace themselves with a sail on its bosom or a stroll on its banks. Its depth varies from three to forty- five feet, and it is supplied with water by Valatie Creek and the various springs which are known to exist in it. ' There are fifteen acres of land connected with the premises. The population of the town in 1870 was 4,055. Of this number, 3,498 were natives, and 557, foreigners; 3,842, white, and 313, colored. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, there were nine school districts, in which thirteen teachers were em- ployed. The number of children of school age was 1,336 ; the average attendance, 364.825 ; and the amount expended for school purposes, $5,947.18. Kinderhook, (p. v.) a beautiful village of 1,500 inhabitants, situated on the creek of the same name, was incorporated April 18, 1838. It contains four churches, (Keformed, Episco- pal, M. E. and African M. E.,) two district, and two select schools, two banks, a printing office, {Columbia County Adver- . tiser,) two hotels, several stores, the Kinderhook Steam Cotton Mill, G. D. Earl, proprietor, which was established in 1846 by Hoes & Chrysler, employs eighty persons in the manufacture of cotton goods, and produces 27,600 yards per week ; and the Kinderhook Hoop Skirt Works, E. L. Hover, proprietor, which were established in 1860, employ four males and forty females in the manufacture of hoop skirts, scarfs, neck-ties and bows, and produce about $90,000 worth of hoop skirts and 140,000 worth of neck-ties per year. Valatie, (vola-che, p. v.,) a Dutch name, which signifies Little Falls, and which it derives from a fall here of 15 feet, is situated at the junction of Kinderhook and Valatie Creeks, and was in- corporated June 30, 1856. It displays more business enterprise, but is a less handsome village than Kinderhook, though some disposition is manifested to improve and beautify the grounds surrounding its residences, and not a few have succeeded admir- ably in this respect. It contains about 1,900 inhabitants, four churches, (Lutheran, M.B., Presbyterian andKoman CathoUc,) two schools, two hotels, and another is being built to replace the one destroyed by fire in the winter of 1870-1. There is an island with an area of about two acres in Kinderhook Creek, within the village. The people of Valatie are largely engaged OAZETTEBS OF TOWNS. 157 in manufacturing, the various mills giving employment to 550 persons. The Canoe Mills came under the control of Jeremiah Carpenter, the present proprietor, in 1851, and were enlarged by him to their present dimensions in 1858. They give employ- ment to 160 operatives in the manufacture of cotton cloth, and are capacitated to produce 9,600 yards of cloth per day. They operate 334 looms and 6,000 mule, and 3,432 Danforth spindles. The motive power is furnished by water and steam. The fall of water is 33 feet, and the engine 150 horse power. N. Wild's Sons' Mills employ 200 operatives in the manufacture of cotton cloth, of which 10,000 yaa-ds are produced daily. They operate 242 looms and 13,500 spindles. The motive power is furnished by wat^ and steam ; the former being supplied by the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, or Valatie Creek, which empties into Kinderhook Creek near these mills, a fall being- obtained by two dams which are respectively 15 and\^0 feet in height, as there are two separate mills, though the one is supple- mental to the other ; the latter gives motion to an engine of 150 horse power. Nathan Wild established the mill at the upper dam in 1838, and that at the lower one in 1846. The Crystal Spring Mill, Henderson & Hoflfman, proprietors, employs 40 operatives in the manufacture of knit goods, shirts, drawers and hosiery, of which 40 dozen, or 720 yards per day are produced. The motive power is furnished by a 35 horse power engine. The Company have recently enlarged their facilities, and when in full operation will be enabled to increase their product to 50 dozen per day. The Northern Star Wadding Mills, Wm P. Kath- bone, proprietor, employ 10 hands in the manufacture of cotton wadding, of which 3,000 pounds per week are produced. The motive power is furnished by an engine of 18 horse power. They were established by Mr. Eathbone in 1866. A. Abbotfs Paper Mill employs ten hands in the manufacture of straw wrapping paper, of which 6,000 reams per month are produced. The motive power is supplied by a ten feet fall of water from the Kinder- hook Creek The cotton mill, also belonging to Mr. A. Abbott, and whose motive power is derived from the same source as the paper mill, employs 40 operatives in the manufacture of cotton cloth, of which 13,000 yards per week are produced. It runs 57 looms and 1,100 each of mule and frame spindles. The Holden Mills, Abbott & Co., proprietors, give employment to 90 operatives who are engaged in the manufacture of black, blue and white warps and Holden sheetings, of which 28,000 yards of the former and 10,000 yards of the latter are produced each week. The motive power is furnished by a twenty feet fall of water and an engine of 60 horse power. They employ 53 looms and 3,580 ring and throstle, and 11,000 mule spindles. 1 5 g QA ZETTEEB OF TO WNS. Kinderhook Station, (NiverTille p. v.,) is situated on the B. & A. E. E. and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, near the east line of the town. It contains one cotton batting factory which, ow- ing to impending litigation, is not in operation, one hotel, opposite the depot, one school house, one blacksmith shop, two stores, a grist mill, built by John Niver, about 1810, and at various times repaired, and about 200 inhabitants. Lindenwald, in the south-west part of the town, about two miles south of Kinderhook village, was the residence of the late Ex-President Martin Van Buren. Settlements were commenced under the Dutch Government. The earliest settlements in the County were doubtless made in the original town of Kinderhook. It will be seen by reference to the town of Ckverack that this town was formed into a district two days prior to that town. The early settlers of this town appear to have been influenced by the efforts of Jacob' Milborne to create a popular uprising looking to the overthrow of the authority exercised by the British Government over the Provinces, on the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England. The interests of the King and Queen in the " City and County of Albany " (which then included Columbia County,) were confided to a Convention convened at Albany, until instructions for the protection and disposition of the public defenses were received from them. Kilian Van Eens- selaer and Capt. Gerritt Teunise, who were sent by the Con- vention Oct. 25, 1689, to return its thanks to the Governor and Council of Connecticut for their kindness in proffering to send eighty men besides officers for their relief against the impend- ing dangers threatened by the French and Indians, with the former of whom England was then at war, and to accept of the same and negotiate for their pay, &c., on their return re- ported " that when they came by Kinderhook [they] found ye People Very much Inclined to mutiny who were Preparing themselfs to come hither by Eeason of a Letter which they had Eeceived of Jacob Milborne to come up to albany in all Speed to Eeceive Priviledges and Libertyes, So that they had much adoe to stop them however some Came." Milborne was sent with fifty men from New York to the Convention at Al- bany, ostensibly for the purpose of rendering them aid and giving additional security to the fort at this point, which was held and guarded in the interests of William and Mary ; but, as is obscurely intimated in the letter notifying the Convention of the fact, and is made palpable in the address of Milborne to the people of Albany, his real motive was to obtain possession of the fort and use it to subvert the authority of the British Government, in which he doubtless hoped to enlist the sym- 6AZETTESB OF TOWNS. 159 pathies of the OoUventiom, or at least the common people. In his address he is reported to have made use of this language : " Now it was in their [the people's] power to free themselfs from yt Yoke of arbitrary Power & Government under which they had Lyen so long in ye Eeign of yt Illegall king James, who was a Papist, Declaring all Illegall whatever was done & past in his time, yea the charter of this city was null and void Since it was graunted by a Popish kings governour & that now ye Power was in the People to choose both new Civill and Mili- tary officers as they Pleased, challenging all them that had bore ofiQce in King James Time to be Illegall, and therefore they must have a free Election." A record belonging to the Eeformed Protestant Dutch Church, dated 1729, and signed by Johannes Van Driesen, gi'^es the names of one hundred families then residing in town. Among these are the names of Van Alsteyn, Van Allen, Van Schaack, Van Burjren, Van De Pool, Conyn, Huijk, Vosburg, Schermerhorn, Klauw, Gardenier, Van Valkenburgh, Van Sleijk, Wieber, and Mulder. The rights of certain settlers were confirmed by the act of March 12, 1793. A controversy concerning the patent of John Hendrick De Bruyn, granted in 1686, was settled by Commissioners June 8, 1812. The Dutch settlers of this region brought with them the reli- gious institutions of their own land, and records are extant, says Eev. Dr. Eockwell, which show that as early as the year 1700, and probably much earlier, Dutch Churches, modeled after the Eepublican form of the Eeformed Church of Holland, Scotland and the Continent, had been established in this town. In 1702, there was issued a certificate in favor of one Paulus Van Vleck, T^o had been acting as preceptor in Kinderhook, but who it seems had been summoned to appear before Lord Cornbury for acting as Clerk of the Church without a license. In 1677, among the records of the Eeformed Prot. Dutch Church of Albany, is an order of the court to "prevent and punish severely the ^ameful violation of the sabbath especially committed by the inhabitants of Kinderhook, and the appointment of Jochem Lambertse, deputy sherifi; strictly to attend to it." In 1727, Dominie Van Driesen had the joint charge of the churches, (Eef. Prot.) at Kinderhook, Claverack and Livingston Manor, but the former charge received by stipulation two-thirds of his service, and it is probable that his residence was there also. The St. LuJce^s Church (Lutheran) was organized in 1826 by Eev. J. Berger, its first pastor, with 24 members, and erected its first house of worship in 1824. The, edifice was remodeled in 1854 and will seat 350 persons ; its present estimated value is 160 OAZETTEMB OF TOWNS. $10,000. It has a membership of 165, and Kev. J. C. S. Weills for its pastor. The First Presbyterian Church, located at Valatie, was organ- ized Jan. 39, 1835, by Eev. David Gushing, who was its first pastor. The first and present church edifice, which will seat 450 persons, was erected in 1834 ; its present estimated yalue is $4,000. It has 340 members, and Rev. George 0.> Phelps is its pastor. It was originally Eeformed Dutch. The St. PauVs Church (Episcopal) was organized Jan. 18, 1851, by its first pastor. Rev. Frederick T. Tiffany. The first church edifice was built in 1852, and rebuilt in 1868. It will seat 150 persons, and its present estimated value is $6,000. It has 35 members, but the pulpit is vacant. The Methodist Episcopal Church, erected its first house of wor- ship in 1844. It will seat 340 persons and its present estimated value is $3,000. It has 113 members, and S. S. Ford is its pres- ent pastor. Owing to the peculiar form of government in the M. B. Church, which, in so far as it applies to the changes in its ministry, seems to favor a laxity in the keeping of the records, we are unable to give further particulars respecting this society. LIVINGSTON -w&a granted as a manor to Robert Living- ston, July 33, 1686, formed as a district March 34, 1773, and organized as a town March 7, 1788. Clermont was taken off in 1787, and Ancram and Taghkanick in 1803. It is situated in the south-west part of the County, bordering upon the Hudson. The surface has a pleasing diversity, but is generally rolling. Copake Creek crosses the north-east corner, and Kleina Kill (Little Creek) flows through near the center and discharges its waters into EoelifT Jansens Kill, which forms the south-west boundary, and in most of its course flows through a broad and fertile valley, but near the Hudson its banks are steep and rocky. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam. The population of the town in 1870 was 1,938; of this num- ber 1,843 were natives and 95, foreigners; 1,933, white and 15, colored. The number of school districts in the town during the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, was 13, and the number of teach- ers employed, 11. The number of children of school age was 754 ; the average attendance, 335.849 ; and the amount expend- ed for school purposes, $4,309.33 Johnstown, (Livingston p. o.) located near the center of the town, nine and one-half miles south from Hudson, contains one church, (Reformed) one school house, one hotel, two stores, two wagon shops, two blacksmith shops, one shoe shop and about 335 inhabitants. OA ZWTTBBB OF TO WN8. 161 Glenco Mils, (p. y.) located near the east line, on Copake Creek, eight miles south-east from Hudson, contains one store, one hotel, one blacksmith shop, one harness shop, a carriage and sleigh factory, the Glenco Floming and Custom Mill, which has two riins of stones for flouring and two for custom work, and has a grinding capacity of fifty barrels per day, and 77 inhabit- ants. A little north of the village, John B. Barringer has a carpenter shop and is engaged also in wool carding and the manufacture of cotton batting and tow. Bakers Mills, located on the west line, about three-fourths of a mile west from Blue Store, and on Eoelifif Jan sens Kill, con- tains two straw wrapping paper mills, a grist and flouring mill containing three runs of stones and possessing a grinding capac- ity of 300 bushels per day, one store, one blacksmith shop, a M. E. chapel and about twenty dwellings. Union Corners, (Elizaville p. o.) in the south-east corner, on the line of Gallatin, contain^ one church, (M. E.) one school house, one hotel, one store, 'one wagon shop, one blacksmith shop and eight dwellings. Blue Store, (p. o.) near the west line, three miles from Johns- town and two from Clermont, contains a school, a hotel, a wagon shop, a blacksmith shop and about half a dozen houses. Linlithgo, (p. o.) in the west part, about one mile east from Livingston Station, contains one church, (Eeformed) one black- smith shop, one hotel, one school house and about a dozen houses. Livingston Station, (Linlithgo p. o.) located on the Hudson Eiver and Hudson Eiver R. E., is a landing for freight barges and contains one store. Walkers Mills, three miles west from Johnstown, contains a grist and flouring mill, a store and eight houses. The Livingston Paper Mills, located at Bakers Mills, C. E. Bingham, proprietor, employ thirty persons in the manufacture of straw wrapping paper, of which they are capacitated to pro- duce four tons per day. They consume six tons of straw and four of coal each day, and employ two 48-iach machines, and three 30-inch and two 36-inch engines. The Linlithgo Flouring and Plaster Mills, located about one and three-fourths miles north from Glenco Mills, Jacob H. Proper, proprietor, are capacitated to grind 300 bushels of grain and ten tons of plaster each day.' The settlement of the town commenced soon after the manor patent was graiuted. On Beatty's map of 1714, the manor 162 GAZMTTMBB OF TOWNS. house and mill are located within this town, near the Hudson, and the residences of families named Witbeck, Claas and Brusie, near Copake Greek. Further mention is made of the manor house in the history of Clermont, and is omitted here to avoid dull repetition. The Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church erected their first church edifice in 1831. It was dedicated Nov. 35th of that year by Rev. F. H., Quitman. The present building, which will seat 300 persons and whose estimated value is $8,000, was erected in 1861. The first pastor was Eev. Augustus Wacker- hagen ; the present one is Rev. J. D. Wert ; the present num- ber of members is 350. The Livingston Reformed Church, located at Linlithgo, was organized Nov. 9, 1870, by the Classis of Hudson, with sixteen members and Rev. Harvey D. Schermerhorn as its first and present pastor. The church edifice, which will seat 350 per- sons, was erected in 1870 at a cost of $6,000. The present number of members is seventeen. The church is built on the original site of the Reformed Church of Linlithgo and over the vault of Robert Livingston, the first lord of the Manor, in which are deposited the dead of eight generations of the Livingston family. The original church was built by Lord Livingston in 1731, and is said to have been the second one erected in the County, the first being the Reformed Church of Claverack. The Reformed Church of Linlithgo, situated at Johnstown, was organized July 4, 1733, with Robert Livingston, Jacob Vosburgh and Cornelius Martensen as elders; Tobias Ten Broeck, Robert Van Deusen and Wilem Hallenbeck as deacons ; and Rev. Johannes Casparus Freyenmoet as its first pastor. The first house of worship was erected in 1731 ; and the present one, which will seat 500 persons and whose estimated value is 130,000, in 1854. It has 317 members, and Rev. Thos. S. Drisinberre is its present pastor. For nearly a century this church occupied the present site of the former one, at Linlith- go, and is the one to which allusion is there made. From the time of its removal, in 1814, to its present position, till the organization of the former Church, Linlithgo was a preaching station in connection with this Church. NEW LEBANON was formed from Canaan, April 31, 1818. It lies in the north-east corner of the County. The sur- face consists of steep hills separated by broad, irregular valleys. The Taghkanick Mountains, on the east, separate the town from Massachusetts. The principal stream is Wyomanock or BAZMTTBEB OF TOWNS. 163 Lebanon Creek, which enters the town near the north-east cor- ner and, after pursuing a circuitous course through the north and center of the town, discharges its waters, near the north center, into Kinderhook Creek, which enters and leaves the town on the north border. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam intermixed with clay. The valleys are generally narrow and the hills arable to their summits. The population of the town in 1870 was 3,124. Of this num- ber 1,794 were natives and 330, foreigners ; 2,111, white and 13, colored. The number of school ^districts, and teachers em- ployed in the town during the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, was fifteen. The number of children of school age was 768 ; the average attendance, 243.270; and the amount expended for school purposes, $4,088.62. Lebanon Springs, (p. v.) near the east line, is a station on the Harlem Extension K. R., and is distant, by the old turnpike, 25 miles from Albany. The celebrated thermal spring* at this place, together with the delightful surrounding scenery and its contiguity to the Shaker Community constitute it a favorite wat- tering place, and during the summer months it is thronged with pleasure seekers, and others who desire to avail themselves of the benefits to be derived from its mineral waters. A large, *The spring ie incloeed in the conrt-yard of tlie hotel. It is ten feet In diameter and fonr feet deep, and discharges constantly nearly BOO gallons of water per minute. The water is Ijept in coufstant ebnlition by a copious emission of azotic gas, and preserves an unvarying teniperaiure of 73° Fahrenheit; it is used without injury for culinary and other household purposes immediately after risiug from the spring. An analysis of the water by Pro£ H. Dussauce shows it to possess the following properties In one gallon : Qabbs. Oxygen 2.00 cubic inches. I Carbonic Acid O.BO cubic inches. Nitrogen, 3.60 ** " | Sulphuric Acid, traces. FlXBD Mattees. Sulphuret of Sodium, 0.03 Grains. 1.S98 per Cent. Carbonate of Soda .- S.« " 15.649 " " Sulphate of Potash 104 " 6.7BS" " Chlbride of Sodium, 0.96 " 6.333" " Carbonate of Lime, 4-05 " 26.392 " " Sulphate of Magnesia 1-06 ' SiS" " Alumina 0.45 " 2.629 " " Oxide of Iron, 0.94 ' 6103" " SiHcicAcid,.. 3-25 " 21.100 " " °7,„„„'l marine 0.75 " 4.870 " " Org. Comp.JB„agj„'g_ 0.47 " 2.190 " " 1B.40 100.000 So great is the volume of water discharged that it not only supplies several baths, but famishes the motive power for mills and mechanic shops both summer and winter. The medicinal properties of the spring were first brought to public notice by Captain James Hitchcock, of the British army, which was stationed at Hartford, Conn., about the time of the close of the French war, and it is probable he was the first white man who visited this locality. Being afflicted with some severe and dangerous malady, he was recommended to use the waters of the spring. He came with one servant and a company of Indian guides, and was carried from Stockport to the Springs on a litter, hv aS Indian trail, there being no roads in the locality at that time. It is said that a nian, named Hitchcock, l^om Mew Haven, stuck a riding-stick into the spring, which has grown into one of the finest sycamores in the world. Tnere are several similar springs of less volume in the vicinity. 164 OAZETTBEB OF TOWNS. magnificent hotel, of which Daniel Gale & Co. are proprietors, is erected for the accommodation of visitors. It is situated upon the slope of the hill about 300 feet above the valley, and 1000 feet above tide water, and has ample accommodations for 400 guests. It has been enlarged an.d altered during the past win- ter, and the grounds, which cover an area of 38 acres, have been beautified and ornamented, From its extensive piazza, hemmed in, as it were, from the outside world by the famous Berkshire Hills and the spurs extending from them, the view obtained of the Lebanon Valley, through which flow the crystal waters of the Wyomanock Creek ; Maple Hill which rises with an easy slope to the south-east from the clustering hamlet at our feet ; and the little village of New Lebanon, a mile distant, is one of rare beauty and cannot fail to evoke the warmest admiration from any but the most stolid and unappreciative beholder. Sir Henry Vincent, in a letter in which he speaks of this locality, says : " Hills, mountains, valleys, trees, gardens, farm-houses, and farms spread around and above you in ever-varying beauty, remind one of the hills and valleys of Langollen in Wales ;" and Miss Warner, in " Queechy," gives a glowing description of the view unfolded to "Pleda" and "Carleton" from one of the neighboring Hills : " They had reached a height of the mountain that cleared them a view, and over the tops of the trees they looked abroad to a very wide extent of country undulating with hill and vale — hill and valley alike for below at their feet. Fair and rich the gently swelling hills, one beyond another in the patchwork dress of their many-colored fields — the gay hues of the wood- land, softened and melted into a rich autumn glow — and far away beyond even where this glow was softened and lost in the distance, the faint blue lines of the Catskills, faint but clear and distinct through the transparent air. And such a sky 1 Of such etherealized purity as if made for spirits to travel in, and tempting them to rise and free themselves from the soil; and stillness — like nature's hand laid upon the soul, bidding it think." The village contains two hotels besides the one already men- tioned, three stores, one wagon shop, two blacksmith shops, one grist mill, a vinegar manufactory, a harness shop, a boot and shoe shop, one church and another one is contemplated. New Lebanon, (p. v.) formerly known as Tildens, is pleasantly located in the valley of the Wyomanock, and is a station on the Harlem Extension R. E. The Laboratory of Tilden & Co., for the preparation of medicinal extracts, and a barometer and thermometer manufactory are located here.* A fine hotel is *A greater variety of remedies from our Indigenone plants are prepared here than in any other place In theconntry. They have, in addition to the large qnantities of plants supplied by perBons m the yioinity of their establishment, some forty acres, near the premises, under cultivation, and all the herbs, barks and roots are gathered bv exneri. enced persons and brought into the laboratory at the season when they contain most of medicinal ralue. Their preprations now embrace 850 kinds of fluid and solid extracts goo kinds of sugar coated pills, 100 kinds of elegant elixirs and 100 Mnds of syrups wS GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 165 being erected by Henry Tilden, and is nearly completed. The village contains about thirty houses. New Lebanon Center (p. v.) is located in the valley of the Wyomanock and on the line of the Harlem Extension E. E. It is two and three-fourths miles west from Lebanon Springs. It contains two stores, a grist and saw mill and about twelve houses. Moffitts Store, (West Lebanon p. o.) in the north part of the town, is also in the valley of the Wyomanock and on the line of the Harlem Extension E. E. It is distant five and three- fourths miles west from Lebanon Springs. It contains one church, (M. E.) one hotel, a large harness shop, employing eight men, one store and about twenty houses. New Britain is a hamlet in the south-west part of the town. Shaker Village, (Mount Lebanon p. o.) near the east line, two miles south of Lebanon Springs, is the home of the Mount Lebanon Shakers. This Society consists of eight families, with an aggregate number of about 500 persons. These fami- lies are self-supporting communities, each having Its own organization, spiritual and temporal. Four persons, two males and two females, standing in the spiritual, are called Elders and Eldresses, and take the management of the spiritual affairs of the family ; the same number, two males and two females, are called Beacons and Deaconesses, and manage the temporal affairs. In addition to the Elders of the families there is a min- istry, composed of two males and two females, who have the superintendence of the spiritual affairs of three societies and are also the central ministry of all the ministers having charge of societies. There is also an order of Society of Trustees in addition to the Trustees of the several families. &c Save the New Orleans Commercial BuUetin : "It Ib nearly twenty years since the Messrs Tilden commenced the manufacture of their 'Fluid and Solid Extracts,' invacno, to which they have since added ' Sugar-coated Pills and Grannies,' of the D. S. Pharma- copoeia, Concentrations, and many of the most valuable Pharmaceutical Preparations. From the beginning on a small scale with the vacuum apparatus, which was then scarce- ly known, they have studied, assiduously, to apply every improvement as fast as ex- perience has demonstrated its value, and now their establishment may be said to em- brace all the appliances of modern invention required for the best possible manipulation of medicinal agents, and their works have been remodeled and received additions from time to time, until the premises now occupy about half an acre of ground, and the vast amount of machinery is driven by a powerfiil steam-enrine, locateain an adjoining fire- proof building. In the department for Pills and Granules every recent improvement is adopted, besides the various devices for saving labor and waste of material, which are the result of a long and practical experience m the manipulation of the more delicate combinations of potent drugs, and the necessity of accurate and strictly correct exhibi- tion of qnantities required in the minutest attenuations." Thecapacity of the vacuum pans employed exceeds 6,000 gallons. They have a printing office in connection with their works, and. In addition to much other printed matter, publish a very valuable Jomnal of Materia Medtca. The various unique devices which are substituted for manual labor, are worthy of mention, but we cannot devote the space necessary to clearly elucidate them. 166 OAZSTTBER OF TOWNS. The lands belonging to the Society extend into the town of Canaan and the State of Mass., covering an area of 5,000 acres, but a portion of which is under cultivation, most of it consist- ing of mountain ranges, woods, sheep pastures, &c. The North Family, over which Elder P. W. Evans presides and to whom all applications for admission into the Society should be made and all inquiries for information should be addressed, is engaged in farming, gardening, sheep raising and broom making. The Center Family are largely engaged in the culture of medicinal herbs. The Society is principally engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. Horticulture receives much attention, and the garden seeds raised by them, of which large quantities are annually sent to market, are well and favorably known. They are also occupied in mechanical employments of a light nature, and the utensils they manufacture, such as sieves, brushes, boxes, pails, &e., are noted for their excellence, The females are employed in domestic manufactures and housework, and the community is fed and clothed, principally, by its own pro- ductions. The avails of the general industry of each family are poured into a common treasury, from which individual wants are supplied. The surplus gains are invested in lands and buildings, or other property, or held for the good of the Society. The size of their families, which contain from sixty to one hundred, and sometimes more persons, is limited only by the conveniences and accommodations afforded by the houses be- longing to each. It seems paradoxical to call such assemblages families, where what we have been accustomed to consider the distinctive feature of a family is utterly ignored. The males and females occupy separate apartments, under the same roof, eat at separate tables, but mix occasionly for labor, worship and social intercourse. Everything which tends to excite the ani- mal nature or baser passions is studiously avoided, and only the finer, purer and more God-like attributes are cultivated. Though we may not be able to justify their practices in our own lives or recommend them to others, we certainly cannot con- demn them in this people; for the time is past when intelligent persons question the sincerity and purity of their lives or their strict conformity to the doctrine they promulgate. Says Sir Henry Vincent: "Let me urge upon divines and scholars, in their rambles through America, to visit the Shaker Community at Mount Lebanon, and if they are disposed to enquire, ' How can these things be ? ' my answer is, ' Come and see.' " Noth- ing can, perhaps, surpass the quiet beauty of the country by which they are surrounded, and which is supplemented and rendered still more charming by the neat and comfortable homes, surrounded with tastefully laid-out yards and well kept QAZETTMBS OP TOWNS. 167 \ appurtenances. The serenity which pervades this locality, where both nature and the habits of the people conduce to stillness and reflection, makes one long to rest awhile under the beautiful in- fluences which prevail here and with which the very atmo- sphere seems thoroughly impregnated. Speaking of this people, Prof. Silliman says: " The utmost neatness is conspicuous in their fields; gardens, court-yards, out-houses, and in the very road ; not a weed, not a spot of fllth, or any nuisance, is suffered to exist. Their wood is cut and piled in the most ex- act order ; their fences are perfect ; even their stone walls are constructed with great regularity, and of materials so very massive,and so well arranged, that unless overthrown by force, they may stand for centuries. Instead of wooden posts for their gates they have pillars of stone one solid piece, and everything bears the impress of labor, vigilance and skill, with such a ghare of taste as is consistent with the austerities of their sect. Their orchards are beautiful, and probably no part of our country presents finer examples of agricultural excellence. Such neatness and order is not seen anywhere on so large a scale, except in Holland, where the necessities of existence impose order and neatness upon the whole population ; but here it is voluntary. * * * They viralk to the meeting house, in order, two and tw^o, and leavein the same order. M6n enter the left hand door of the meet- iug-house, and women the right hand. > In each dwelling house is a room called the meeting-room, in which they assemble for worship every even- ing. The young believers assemble morning and evening, and, in tbe afternoon of the Sabbath, they all assemble in one of these rooms, in their dwelling-house, to which meeting spectators, or those Who do not belong to the Society, are not admitted, except friendly visitors. * ♦ * The men live in tiieir several apartments on the rig^t, as they enter into the house, and the women on the left, commonly four in a room. They kneel in the morning by the side of the bed, as soon as they arise, and the same before they lie doWn ; also before and after every meal. The brethren and sisters generally eat at the same time at two long tables placed in the kitchen, men at one and women at tbe other ; daring which time they sit on benches, and are all silfflit. They go to their meals walking in order, one directly after the other; the head of the family, or elder, takes the lead of the men, and one called elder sister takes the lead pf the women. Sev- eral women are employed in cooking and waiting on the table ; they are commonly relieved weekly by others. " It is according to the gift or order, for all to endeavor to keep all things in order ; indoleace and carelessness, they say, is^ directly opposite to the gospel and order of God ; cleanliness in evenr respect is strongly enforced —it is contrary to order even to spit on the floor. A dirty, careless, slov- enly or indolent person, they say, cannot travel in the way of God, or be religions. It is contrary to order to talk loud, to shut doors hard, to rap at the door for admittance, or to make noise in any respect ; even when walking the floor, they must be careflil not to make noise with their feet. They go to bed at nine or ten o'clock, and rise at four or five ; all that are in health go to work about sun-rise, in-door mechanics, in the winter, work by caudle light; each one follows such an employment as the deacon appoints for hun. Every man and woman must be employed, and work steadily and moderately. When any are sick they have the utmost care and attention paid to uiem. When a man is sick, if there is a woman among the sisters, who was his wife before he believed, she, if in health, nurses and waits upon him. If any of tiiem tranggress the rules and K 168 QAZETTMEB Of TOWifS. orders of the Church, they are not held in union until they confess their transgression, and often on their knees before the brethren and sisters. " Each Church in the different settlements has a house called the office, where all business is transacted either among themselves or with other people. Each family deposit in the office all that is to be spared for chari- table purposes, which is distributed by the deacon to those whom he judges to be proper objects of charity. He never sends the poor and needy empty away." e Ann Lee, or Mother Ann, as she is reverently called hy her followers, in whom this order, in this country, has its rise, was born Pehruary 29, 1736, in Toad Lane, (now Todd's St.,) Manchester, England. Her father, John Lee, was a poor blacksmith, and with him she resided until she left England for America. Her mother was esteemed a very pious woman. Her parents had eight children who were brought up to work, instead of being sent to school ; and though she thus acquired habits of industry, she could neither read nor write. During her childhood and youth, she was employed in a cotton factory, was afterwards a cutter of hatter's fur, and then a cook in an infirmary. She was in each calling noted for neatness, faith- fulness, prudence and economy. Her complexion was fair; she had blue eyes, and light chest- nut hair. Her countenance was expressive, but grave, inspir- ing confidence and respect. She possessed a strong and healthy physical constitution, and remarkable powers of mind. In childhood she exhibited a bright, sagacious and active genius. She was, unlike most children, serious and thoughtful. She was early the subject of religious impressions, and was often favored with heavenly visions. As she grew in years, she felt an innate repugnance to the marriage state ; and, although she desired to be preserved from it, she was, through the importunities of her relatives, married to Abraham Stanley, a blacksmith. The convictions of her youth, however, often returned to her, and at length brought her into excessive tribulation of soul, in which she earnestly sought for deliverance from the bondage of sin. In 1758, she joined a society of Shakers, who were under the lead of Jane and James Wardley, formerly of the Quaker order, where she found that protection she so long desired. Eor nine years, while combating her worldly nature, she was, at intervals, subjected to the most agonizing mental and physical suffering, of which she thus spoke : " Many times, when I was about my work, I have felt my soul over- whelmed with sorrow. I used to work as long as I could keep it concealed, and then would go out of sight, lest anyone should pity me with that pity which was not of God. In my travail and tribulation, my sufferings were so great that my flesh consumed upon my bones, bloody sweat pressed through the pores of my skin, and I became as helpless as an infant. And GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. 169 when I was brought through, and born into the spiritual kingdom, I was like an infant just bom into the natural world. They see colors and objects, but they know not what they see. It was so with me ; but, before I was twenty-four hours old, I saw, and knew what I saw." Says F. W. Evans, in his " Autobiography of a Shaker," " While Ann, for bearing her testimony against ' fleshly lusts, which war against the soul,' was imprisoned in Manchester, England, she saw Jesus Christ in open vis- ion, who revealed to her the most astonishing views and Divine manifesta- tions of truth, in which she had a perfect and clear sight of the ' mystery of iniquity,' the root and foundation of all human depravity. " Prom the time of this appearing of Christ to Ann, in prison (1770), she was received by the people as a mother in spiritual things, and was thence- forth by them called Mother Ann. * * » " On the 19th of May, 1774, Mother Ann, with eight of her followers, embarked in the ship Mariah for New York, where they arrived on the 6th of August following. They proceeded to Albany, and thence to Water- vliet, which was at that time a wilderness,"and called Niskeuna, where they remained very secluded for about three and a half years. " Mother Ann, having finished her work on earth, departed this life, at Watervliet, on the 8th day of September, 1784, aged forty-eight years and flix months." Shakerism was permanently established as an organic move- ment in America in 1793, mainly through the exertions of Joseph Meacham and Lucy Wright, upon whom, at the death of Mother Ann, the government of her followers devolved. Joseph Meacham was a Baptist preacher in New Lebanon, and a prominent leader in the religious revival out of which the Society of Mount Lebanon originated. Lucy Wright belonged to one of the most wealthy and influential families in Pittsfield, Mass., and was a beautiful woman, possessed of extraordinary intellectual and moral endowments. They were among the first of those in America to accept a faith in the principles of Shakerism. In speaking of these people, J. M. Peebles, in " The Seers of the Ages," says : " Basing our opinions upon reliable testimony, these Shaker communities constitute a body of the neatest, healthiest, the most pure-minded and kind-hearted souls of earth. Certainly they are the only people on this continent, who have successfully maintained, for more than seventy years, a system of rational living, one of the fundamental principles of which is the Apostolip community of property." The Shaker, " published monthly, by, and under the direction of the Mt. Lebanon Bishopric," was commenced in January, 1871. It is edited by F. W. Evans, and issued at Albany ; and is devoted to the elucidation of the principles of Shakerism.* *So little are the religione doctrines of the Shakers understood, and so illy have they been represented by persons who have not taken adequate measares to correctly inform thcmsefifes npon this point, we have, at some pains, and by a personal visit to the Soci- ety located here, obtained such information as enables us to present their distinctive religious belief, in a concise form, and as defined by the First Elder of the Society, !■. W. Evans, who is one of the ablest representatives of this Church. They are first. That Christ has made his second appearance upon earth to a chosen female, named Ann Lee, as he made his first appearance to a man, Jesns of Kazareth ; 170 OAZETTESB OF TOWNS. Wyomanock Seminary was established about 1858, mainly through the generous efforts of Miss E. C. Hatch. It was in- corporated by the Legislature in 1865. The first small build- ing was enlarged in 1867, and the whole destroyed by fire, Jan. 6, 1869, since which time the school has found pleasant quarters in the Tilden mansion. The first settlement was made about 1760, by immigrants mostly from Massachusetts and Connecticut. Among the first settlers were families named Gilbert, Cornell, King, Skinner, Mudge, Gurnsey, Jones, Waddams, Sanford and Patchin. An inn was kept for several years before the Kevolntionary war, at Lebanon Springs. From Anna E. Spencer's Historical Sketch of New Leban- on, we learn that the following named families were among the early settlers: "Abbott, Adgate, Bailey, Bradley, Cole, Cornwell, Dean, Doubleday, Everest, Gay, Gillet, Grant, Hatch, Hitchcock, Horton, Murdock, Plum, Tilden, Van Deu- sen, Warner and Younglove." Lebanon Springs, often called " Monte Poole," is supposed to be the first watering place in the United States visited by a white man. Capt. Hitchcock, a few years after his visit to the springs, of which we spoke in another place, became a resident of the town. Says the author above quoted : " Among the later settlers was a Rev. Mr. Kendall, who first came here fromCanada on the trail of the Indians to whom he had gone as a mission- ary. He ^erwarda dwelt in the valley where his descendants stiU abide, ,and carry on an extensive business in the manufacture of thermometers and barometers. * * * ChriBt beiD^ neither the maD JeBue nor the woman Ann, bnta Rpiritfrom the seventh, or resurrection heaven, who became incarnated in them in much the same manner that a child Is the Incarnation of Its parents, or a scholar, of its teachers; the character o( the one being transferred to and fbrmed in the other. Hevciation from the Clirist heaven is, therefore, the rock npon which the Church of Christ, both in the first and second appearing, is fonnded. This Clirist heaven, being the nearest to Deity, stands in the same relation to the inhabitants of all other globes that it does to those of the earth. An emanation from thence always commences the work of harvest, i, e. it begins to cat the inhabitants off from the ground and field of natural reproduction or generation ; this being the true resurrection, because it raises them f^om the natnral to the spiritual order, by leading them to forsake earthly relatives, father, mother, brother, sister, &c., and forming themselves into households of faith, where theyliave a hundred-fold of rel- atives of a spiritual character, all living on the basis of a celibate life. Holding that the work of God with humanity is progressive, from the begimiing of creation to the end of the work of redemption, they claim that there has been seven auccesslve churches. The first, the Apostolic, was based npon seven principles. Revelation, including Spirit- ualism, Community of Goods, Peace, or non-resistance. Kepudiation of Oaths, Oral Confession of Sin, Health of Body and Celibacy. Only Jews whom Moses had disci- plined, as a school master, could become members of this Apostolical Church ; Second, the Gentile Church, founded by Peter and Comelins. All Its members bad been heath- ens or gentUes and these were allowed to retain marriage and private property, as a condescension of the Spirit to their low estate ; the Third, or Nlocene Charch, was founded by the Emperor Constantine. In addition to marriage and private property he added the element of war as a means to Christian conversion ; the Fourth, or Soman Catholic, founded by Leo the Great, not only reliained marriage, private property and war, but added the.practlce of legal oaths ; forbade marriage to tie cleisy andmonastlc orders ; commanded to abstain ftom flesh-meat on certun days and occasions ; and established the Inquisition, practicing persecution by torturing and putting to death heretics ; Fifth, or Protestant, founded By tnther and Calvin, denied the Spiritualism 0A ZETTEBB OF TO WNS. 171 " About 1760 a house was erected near the Springs, and was doubtless the first one built in what is now called New Lebanon. This part of the to-v^n up to 1780 was considered a part of Massachusetts. Much diffi- culty existed at an early day between Kew York and the New England States in regard to their common boundary line. New York, indeed, ori- ginally claimed the Connecticut river as its eastern boundary. The general Court of Massachusetts made grants oif land after the settlement of Pitts- field, extending nearly to the road which passes the dwelling of Dr. Bates ; and still farther northward, an old road formerly existed and can still be traced through an orchard now owned by the heirs of Naomi Clark, which was once considered to be on the line between the two States. The line was established in 1786, though not without a great deal of trouble and a disagreeable law suit. An anecdote was current in early times that ^ man named Wadhams, (one of the early settlers) after the Commissioilera had fixed the State line, found his dwelling to be about four rods within the State of Massachusetts. Accordingly a day or two after, he called his neighbors together with their teams, and hitching the latter to the building, he moved it over the line into the State of New York. This building stood on the ground now occupied by the house of Elijah Bagg. " The first frame house in the town of Canaan (of which Lebanon was formerly a part, and was called Kings District,) was erected by WiUiara Gay, on the hill near the Shaker grist mill. The second was built by Celah Abbot, near the Presbyterian church. " The first church in the town of New Lebanon, was erected nearly oppo- site Mont Cemeterv, on land now owned by the GiUets. It was con- structed of logs, and its worshipers were of the Presbyterian order. * " New Lebanon claims the honor of having been the first in instructing its Delegates in Congress to adopt a Declaration of Independence. Meck- of the Catholic Cborch ; snbetltated the Bible for the trae word of God ; denied mod- ern miracles ; abjured celibacy and oral confession of sin ; retaining marriage, war, swearing, private property ; and claiming that all physical disease Is from the Lord and must be borne with Christian resignation ; the tSlxth, the Infidel Chnrch of America, whose civil government, founded by skeptics, such as Jefferson, Franklin and Thos. Falne, declares that all human beings are born equal, and possess an Inherent right to land. In Theology, there being no Inquisition and civil government to enforce it, all may believe what they please. This prepared the way for the Seventh, or Shaker Chnrch of Christ's second appearing, In which are re-established all the elements of the first Pentecostal church, viz : — Revelation, Spiritualism, Celibacy, Oral Confession, Commu- nity of Goods, Non-Reslstance, Gifts of Healing, Miracles, Physical Health, and Sepa- ration from the World. These they believe are the foundations of the new heavens, in which religion and science are inseparable friends forevermore ; and the simple word of a believer IS of equal force as the oath of a worldly gentile Christian, Catholic, or Pro- testant. Jesus said few are saved, which the Shakers interpret to mean that only a certain per centage of the race are or ever will be called to live a pure celibate life while in the body. These will be ministers or saviors to the remainder of the Inhabitants of earth, in the spirit world ; they also act as a check to the principle of population, as a sub- stitute for war, famine and disease, or anything which tends to prevent the Increase of the race. The lower clatses of mankind are most prolific ; the.most Intellectaal the least so. The Shakers do not condemn rnkvAai^e per ee, but they \do hold that under the law of use It should be restrained to the simple procreation and rearing of off- ' spring. In accordance with the practice of animals. They hold that the Deity Is a dual being, the primary fountain of male and female. From this proceeds their dual order of government, which recognizes and secures equal rights to both sexes; and it la their belief that the civil government Is rapidly progressing toward the same order and that females., will be recognized as human beings and possessed of all the Inalienable rights so dear to the opposite sex ; that, as they are equally subject to the action of laws with men, they will have an eC[ual voice in reaming and executing those laws; in other words the civil government of the United States Is Providentially destined to become a dual government, a pattern for all the civil governments on the earth, a genuine republic. Then will wars begin to cease from the ends of the earth, for the social evil will be rooted out of the social system. They ask, with the Apostles, whence come wars and fightings f and believe that they proceed from physical and mental lust, abnormal passions. 172 GAZSTTEEB 01' TOWNS. lenbiirpr, N. C, had previously declared itself absolved from its allegiance to Great Britain. » * * " The state of the country one hundred and fifty years ago, was striking- ly different li-om its present aspect. Then it was a vast swamp completely covered with large pine trees, rendering it well nigh impassable. The In- dians traveled across the mountain tops, but seldom venturing far into the wilderness of pines. The population fifty years ago was estimated to ex- ceed greatly the present number of Inhabitants. At that time the people had begun to remove some of the pine trees, from tlie edge of the forests and to build near the foot of the mountains. After a time they left the heights altogether and settled in the valley." The Lebanon Springs Baptist Church was organized in 1826, by Eev. Richmond Taggert, its first pastor, with 32 members. The church edifice was erected in the following year, and re- paired in 1868. It will seat 250 persons and its estimated value is $8,000. A. Waterbury is the present pastor. In seasons of its greatest prosperity its membership has numbered over a hundred, but owing to removals and deaths it is reduced to for- ty-nine. The Church of the Immaculate Conception, (Catholic,) located at New Lebanon, erected its house of worship in 1871, and it was consecrated June 18th of that year, when Eev. J. J. Moriar- ty became its pastor. Its erection is largely due to the untiring efforts of the pastor. After the Mass, the Bishop administered the right of confirmation to 144 candidates who, during the Mass, had partaken of their first Communion. STOCKFOBT, named from Stockport, England, the native place of Mr. Wild, the former proprietor of the mills at Columbiaville, was formed from Hudson, Ghent and Stny- vesant, April 30, 1833. It lies upon the Hudson, north of the center of the County. The surface consists of a high table land, rising from the Hudson in bluffs and descending with a moderate slope toward the east. Slightly elevated ridges traverse the town in a north and south direction, and afford an excellent view of the gently rolling country on either hand. The whole town partakes largely of the general attractiveness which characterizes most of the County. Kinderhook Creek, flowing south, and Claverack Creek, flowing north, unite near the center of the town and form Stockport (formerly Major Abraham's) Creek. These, with a small creek which discharges its waters into the Claverack from the east, near its junction with the Kinderhook, the two former having, in breaking through the high bank of the Hudson, within three miles, several falls, amounting to about 160 feet, furnish many ex- cellent mill sites whose occupation and improvement have given rise to the flourishing manufacturing villages named GAZBTTEBS OF TOWNS. X73 below. Th6 valleys of these streams are narrow and their banks often steep and rocky. Near Stottville are four mineral springs, known as the Columbia Springs. A hotel and bathing houses have been erected near them. The medicinal properties which these waters combine, together with the unusually attractive natural scenery of the locality, have tended to make it a much frequented resort, not only by those who suffer from cutaneous, rheumatic, or other physical ills, but by those who seek pleasure or relaxation from the mental strain imposed by business cares. To those suffering from despondency or ennui and its concomitant evils, we could not recpmmend a more pleasing or efi&caceous antidote than the society of the genial, kind-hearted host, who, says "Eula Lee" in Th& New York Evangelist, "is blind [*] to all things but the comfort and welfare of his guests, and his cheerfulness and good humor seem to fill the house with sunshine, giving us lessons in content that can- not fail to prove salutary." Though incapacitated himself to enjoy the beauties of nature which have here been supplemented by those of art, and the as- perities of the former softened and harmonized thereby, he has not been unmindful of the aesthetic tastes and comfort of his patrons. The house stands on a beautiful elevation, surrounded by a fine hickory grove. It is in the town of Ghent, though the springs are in Stockport. The line dividing these two towns runs through the grounds connected with the house, and which ■cover an area of twenty acres. The springs are about four miles north-east from Hudson, and were formerly known as the " Hudson Medicinal Waters." The following extract from the Balance, which was com- municated to that paper soon after the discovery of the springs, will prove of interest, not only from its description of them, but also, to some extent, of the geological formation of this section of the County : " The soil in and about Hudson consista for this most part of clay, with which are intermixed, mechanically, large portions of calcareous and mag- nesian earths, and everywhere are to be found traces of iron and sulphuric acid ; these are sometimes discovered chemically combined in various min- eral substances ; especially a fine specimen of pyritous stone, termed blis- tered marcasite, is often found washed out by the rains in deep gullies at this vicinity. That hepatic waters should result from the decomposition of such materials, and that Epsom waters should abound in such a soil, might naturally be expected. We accordingly find here with some inter- ruption, a continuation of those springs, some partaking more of one quality and some of the other, for miles m extent ; they are to be met with equally on both sides of the river, and are seen burstmg through its bed ♦The proprietor, C. B. Nash, is totally blind. j^y^: OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. below high -water mark, and trickling down the sides of the high clay banks called the Clavers, about two miles to the north of this city, leaving behind them a very austere and bitter salt, which during the summer sea- son, in dry weather, gives these banks at a distance, a white appearance. Although these waters are characterized principally by the sulphurated hydrogen gas and the sulphit of magnesia, yet some of them possess other qualities in an inferior degree ; but one or two excepted, none of tliem appear to be highly charged with those materials. " The water which has hitherto attracted most attention, is that of a large sulphur spring, recently discovered on the farm of Berry Chase, about 4 miles to the northward of Hudson [Stottville.] It boils up through perforations in a rock, at the bottom of a low bog or morass ; this water is unquestionably possessed of valuable medicinal qualitien; besides the sulphurated gas and Epsom salt, it also contains a slight proportion of the carbonate of lime, and a quantity of uncombined carbonic acid gas ; though very transparent, it resembles both in smell and taste the rinsings of a foul gun-barrel ; it readily loses its hepatic smell by being kept in an open bottle, but thereon deposits no sediment ; its temperature is cold, the thermometer standing in it at 54°, and in the atmosphere at the same time at 75°; when taken in sufiScient quantity, it often operates as a gentle emetic, but is more commonly diuretic and purgative. Not more than two months have elapsed since it first began to be visited, and the concourse of people which daily throng it is numerous and increasing. It is said to afford complete and speedy relief in all cutaneous affections. The writer of this has known many obstinate cases of Erysipelas, Itch, Herpes, and two cases of Bheumatism, where cures have been obtained by drinking it."* The population of the town in 1870 was 1,438 ; 1,167 of whom were natives and 271, foreigners ; 1,383, white and 55, colored. There were in the town, during the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, four school districts, and four teachers employed ; the number of children of school age was 454 ; the average attendance, 134.- 670; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,118.09. ■ Stockport, (p. T.) situated at the junction of Claverack and Kinderhook Creeks, five and one-half miles north from Hudson, contains about 600 inhabitants, two churches, (Episcopal and M. E.) two hotels, one school, two stores, a saw mill, a paper mill, a grist mill, with two runs of stones, two mattress manufactories, a manufactory for spiral corn buskers, a heddle factory and a loom manufactory. The Empire Loom Works, Eensselaer Eeynolds, proprietor, were established in 1852, by Benjamin & Eeynolds, and in 1867 came I'TIie following is tbe reealt of the analysis of one gallon of spring water ; Chloride of Sodium, 84.719 grains. " Potassa, 1.193 " " "Magnesium, 81.430 " Carbonate of Lime, 81.794 " Sesqui Chloride of Iron, 3.418 " Sulphate of Lime, 64.941 " Phosphate of Soda 8.140 " Hyposnlphate of Soda, 8.149 " Lose, 0.814 " 818.698 HydroBulphnric Acid, 4.491 cubic inches. OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. 175 into the hands of Mr. Reynolds solely. They give employment to eighty skilled mechanics and twenty laborers; tKe daily wages paid to the former is $2.50, and to the latter, $1.50. The facilities of the works are such as to enable the proprietor to produce two hundred looms per month, valued, according to style and finish, at from $60 to $150 each. The Eureka Paper Mill, Henry S. Van De Carr, proprietor, employs twenty-eight operatives in the manufacture of wrap- ping paper, of which about 1,000 tons are produced annually, and consume about 1,700 tons of straw each year. The mill is located on Claverack Creek, near its junction with Kinderhook Creek. A constant motive power is secured by the construc- tion of an eighteen feet dam. It employs two machines of four cylinders each. Mr. Van De Carr is also engaged in the manu- facture of mattresses and corn husks for mattresses, at the same place, in whieh business five operatives are employed and 250 tons of husks used. The Empire Heddle Works have a capacity for manufacturing 5,000 heddles per hour. The first cotton print works in the County were erected in this village, by Benjamin and Joseph Marshall, in 1828. These gentlemen were connected with the establishment of the first line of packet ships between New York and Liverpool. When they made the proposition to run vessels between these points once a month, the New York merchants remonstrated because, as they thought, there was not sufficient business to warrant or support such an undertaking. Ghittendens Falls, situated on Kinderhook Creek, about one mile north from Stockport village, contains one church, (Union) two paper mills and about 87 inhabitants. The Stockport Paper Mill, A. Mather Granger, proprietor, em- ploys twelve operatives in the manufacture of manilla paper, of which it is capacitated to produce 3,500 pounds per day of twenty-four hours, though it is now producing but 2,000 pounds. The stock used is manilla rope and bagging. The motive power is constant and is supplied by a twenty-eight feet natural fall, which is supposed to constitute as good a water power as is to be found in the County. The same fall furnishes the motor for Jawb W. Rossman's paper mill, which is located on the opposite (east) side of the creek, and which gives employment to sixteen operatives in the manu- facture of straw wrapping paper, of which it is capacitated to produce 450 reams per day. The bridge at this place, which was destroyed by the freshet, is being replaced by an iron structure, with a single span of 170 feet. 176 OAZETTBEB OF TOWNS. Stotiville, (p. V.) located on Claverack Creek, in the south-east corner of the town, four miles north-east from Hudson and about two miles south from Stockport village, contains one church, (Episcopal) a school house, about 500 inhabitants and Stotfs Flannel Mills, C. H. & F. H. Stott, proprietors, which give employment to 370 operatives in the manufacture of flan- nel goods, of which about 6,000 yards are produced each day. The motive power is supplied by two falls, one of which- is pactially artificial, giving a twenty-five feet fall of water, and the other wholly so, giving an eleven feet fall of water. They run nineteen sets of cards. In 1827, Jonathan Stott, who was engaged in the manu- facture of satinets in Hudson, purchased ten acres of land, with half this Water power from the Van Eensselaer family, who had improved the water privilege. He immediately com- menced the erection of a mill for the manufacture of flannel goods. A portion of the mill used by him was formerly used as a grist mill. The present building, on the site of the old one, was erected in 1865, by the present proprietors. Three mills are operated by this firm, two of which are on the twenty-five feet dam and used for the manufacture of the goods, the other, on the eleven feet dam and is used for finish- ing them. Columhiaville, near the west center, is situated on Stockport Creek, about three-fourths of a mile east from Stockport Station. It contains a school house, a hotel, a store, twenty- two houses, 103 inhabitants and the Stockport Cotton Mills, N. Wild's Sons, proprietors, and Joseph Wild, agent, which give employment to about 100 operatives in the manufacture of printing cloths, of which 1,300,000 yards are produced an- nually. There ar&two mills, one on each side of the Creek, the one being supplemental to the other. They run 130 looms and 5,000 spindles. A twelve feet dam affords an excellent and constant supply of water and furnishes the motor for the mills. The iron bridge which spans the creek at this place was con- structed in 1870, is 245 feet long, and is supposed to be tne longest single span road bridge in the State. Stockport Station, near the west center, is situated at the mouth of Stockport Creek and on the Hudson Kiver K. E. The fruit farm of Augustus Judson is located here. He has about two hundred acres of land along the Hudson, a large part of which is devoted to the choicest fruit. He has sixty acres m grapes alone. These are mostly cut for the New York market. The vineyard of Frederick Judson, covering 4} acres, joins that of his brother's. OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. 177 The pressed brick works of Akin, Kellogg & Co., near Stockport, are capacitated to produce 30,000 bricks per day. They make front brick only. Smith Bros, candle factory and tannery are located about one mile north of Columbiaville. This town was settled at an early period by the Dutch. In 1629, Killian Van Rensselaer obtained by charter and pur- chased land on both sides of the Hudson, at which time it is probable the old stone house now occupied as a residence by Augustus Judson, at the mouth of Stockport Creek, was built for and used as a fort against the Indians. It is said to be the oldest house on the North River, it being the first house built after the settlement of Albany. The ground about it is full of Indian relics, indicating that it was once the scene of a battle, or a ca,mping ground. Recently a human skeleton was found, in a sitting posture, not far from this interesting architectural antiquity, which is doubtless preserved more for its historical associations than its domestic conveniences. Soon after the above date, ship loads of emigrants from Holland, with stock, seed and farming implements, began to settle these shores. George Chittenden came to Hudson in 1801 and engaged in the book-binding and printing business. He was one of the proprietors of the Balance. He severed his connection with it in 1806 and moved in the vicinity of Chittendens Falls, where he purchased at different times about 140 acres of land, inclu- ding the falls which bear his name. He, with his family, were the first settlers in this vicinity. In 1809 he erected the first paper mill at this place, the second in the County, on the west side of the falls. The erection of the mill brought other set- tlers. The Hudson River Agricultural Seminary, located in this town, was incorporated by the Legislature May 6, 1837, but never got into full operation. The Chwrch of St. John the Evangelist, located at Stockport village, was organized in 1845. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 375 persons, and whose estimated value is $13,000, was erected the following year. It has 87 commu- nicants. Its first pastor was Rev. Henry Townsend ; the present one is Rev. George Fisher, The St. Barnabas^ Chapel, at Stott- ville, valued at $7,000, and a parsonage and lot, at Stockport, valued at $3,000, are the property of the parish. The Union Church, located at Chittendens Falls, has neither an organization nor a settled pastor. The pulpit is' supplied by Rev. Mr. Fowler, Methodist, and Rev. Mr. Mattice, of the Ref. Dutch Church, each alternating. It is occasionally sup- 178 OAZBTTEMB OF TOWNS. plied by Kev. Mr. Van Buren, Baptist, in whose charge is the Sunday School. The edifice was originally occupied by the IJniversalists, who suflfered it to fall into disuse. Its estimated value is 12,000. STUYVB8ANT, named in honor of Gov. Peter Stuy- vesant, was formed from Kinderhook, April 31, 1823. A part of Stockport was taken ofi" April 30, 1833. It is the north-west corner town of the County, is situated on the bank of the Hud- son, and includes the adjacent islands east of the middle of the river. The surface is generally level, except along the river bank, where it is broken by ravines and low hills. Kinderhook Creek crosses the south-east corner of the town and is the only stream of any considerable size in it. Three small streams, two of which unite near the Hudson, traverse the town in a general east and west direction and discharge their waters into that river. The soil is generally clayey, but in some places it is a light, sandy loam. The population of the town in 1870 was 2,263 ; 1,846 of whom were natives and 417, foreigners; 2,143, white and 120, colored. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, the number of school districts in the town was seven, and the number of teachers employed, eight; there were 857 children of school age; the average attendance was 223.089; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,593.03. Stuyvesant Falls, (p. v.) situated near the south-east corner, on Kinderhook Creek, eight and one-half miles north of Hudson, contains two churches, (Dutch Eeformed and M. E.) two schools, two stores, six grocery and liquor stores, a hotel, which is being built and is nearly completed, Van Alen & Co.'s cotton mills, three in number and giving employment to 300 opera- tives; A. W. Van Hoesen's woolen mill and about 700 inhab- itants. The Columbia Mill, A. W. Van Hoesen, proprietor, is situated on the Kinderhook Creek. It is the outgrowth of the cloth- dressing shop established here about 1800, by Wm. Van Hoesen, who subsequently introduced hand looms for the manufacture of satinets. When power looms were introduced he was among the first to adopt them. The business gradually increased until his two sons, Isaac and Abram, were old enough to take a share in its management. In 1837 there was a financial crisis and the business changed hands, but was bought in by the present proprietor, who has since conducted it alone, aided only, in its management, by his son George L. Van Hoesen. At the time above referred to, there was only one set of machinery, and the 6 A ZSTTEBB OF TO WNS. 179 facilities for manufacturing were comparatively rude, but Mr. Van Hoesen at once proceeded to improve and enlarge the mill, adding the most effectjve machinery in every department. He nov»r gives employment to 65 operatives in the ma,nufacture of fancy cassimeres, of which 10,000 yards per month are produced, to whom the average amount paid each month is $18,000. The entire product of this mill is shipped to A. T. Stewart & Co., New York, and this fact alone is evidence of the excellent quality of the goods madje here. In the manufacture of woolen cloths, the wool is first assort- ed, then scoured or cleaned and passed into large vats to be •dyed. It then goSs to the Extractor, (Eice, Barton & Co.'s patent is used,) which consists of a circular, iron tub, whose circuAiference, or perpendicular surface, is perforated, and which, when caused to revolve with great rapidity, extracts, by means of centrifugal force, the water and superfluous coloring much more effectually than could be done by the ordinary process of wringing. Prom the Extractor it is removed to a drying room where heated air soon divests it of all remaining moisture, when it is ready for picking, carding and spinning. After it is spun it is spooled ready for doubling and twisting. The twisting is done with the aid of a pair of patent twisters, with 160 spindles each. Yarns of two different colors are twisted together. It is next subjected to a dressing process which prepares the yarn for the loom. The warp and filling are separated, the former being drawn in by hand. It is now ready for the loom. Twenty-three Crompton looms, with im- proved double drop boxes, capable of weaving an unlimited number of patterns, are employed. The device by which each loom is easily adapted to the change of figure is too compli- cated and would require too much space to warrant its descrip- tion here. But it operates with perfect accuracy and produces a uniform style of goods according to the set given it by the weaver. The pattern list of Mr. Van Hoesen comprises 600 different varieties. Any new pattern desired can be produced to suit the constantly varying taste of the public. From the loom the cloth is inspected, measured, weighed and passed to the finishing room, where it is prepared, for the falling mill, and from thence goes to the nappers, where, by the action of vegetable teasels, the nap is raised while the cloth is wet. It is again placed in the Extractor. Eormprly at this stage it was stretched on tenter-hooks in the sun to complete the dry- ing, but this is obviated by the use of Windsor's Patent Positive Tenterer §nd Dryer, supplied with heated air, through which the cloth passes in a continuous roll and is rapidly and thoroughly dried. After leaving the drying machine the cloth 180 OAZETTEEB OF TOWNS. is again inspected, measured, rolled, labeled and conveyed to the packing office for invoicing and shipment. The motive power is furnished by a dam which gives a fall of eighteen feet and affords a constant supply of water. There are two natural falls at this place, one 26 feet and the other 45, in height, both of which are supplemented by a seven feet dam, and afford an admirable and constant water power. One of these is utilized by Van Alen & Co.'s cotton mills ; the latter has been unoccupied since the paper mill supplied by it was burned in 1863. At the foot of the 45 feet fall, the waters of the creek are divided and form two channels, but unite again a short distance below, inclosing an island which covers an area o^ abou't twenty acres. A point of rocks, about a hundred feet in height, forms the head of the island and divides the stream. The first paper mill in the County was erected at Stuyvesant Falls, by Messrs. Pitkin & Edmonds,* (the latter was the father of Judge John W. Edmonds, formerly of Hudson, now of New York,) or an old grist mill was transformed into one. In 180?, George Chittenden, who was one of the proprietors of the Balance, purchased a paper mill of one vat,f of Elisha Pitkin, doubtless the one referred to above. It was located on the " upper great fall" at this place. The lease of the water power expiring in 1806, Mr. Chittenden purchased a mill site two miles below, on Kinderhook Creek, (Chittendens Palls,) where he established the second paper mill in the County, which went into operation in 1810. Stuyvesant Landing, (Stuyvesant p. o.) situated south of the center, on the Hudson Eiver, is a station on the Hudson Eiver R. R., nine and three-fourths miles north of Hudson. It contains one church, (Presbyterian) one district and one select school, five stores, one hotel, a steam flouring mill, S. W. Gibbs & Co.'s stove, range and furnace manufactory, a blacksmith shop, about sixty houses and 450 inhabitants. A large freight- ing business is also carried on here. CoxsacKe Station, in the south-west corner, on the Hudson Eiver and Hudson Eiver R. E., is seven and one-half miles north of Hudson. At this place is a ferry to Coxsackie, (Greene Co.,) on the opposite side of the river. A United States Light House is situated about two miles north of Stuyvesant Landing, on the east side of the river. It is con- structed of stone and brick ; was built in 1839, and refitted in *FrenclC» state OatettMr, p. 841, note 6, says the first paper mill in, the county was erectea at this place, by George Chittenden, in 1802, but this is donbtlesa incorrect tFormerly the capacity of a mill was designated by the nnmber of yats it contained hand work requiring a vat for each engine. i.uui^mBu, BAZETT2SBB OF TOWNS. 181 1854. The color of the tower is white; its height from base, thirty-two feet, and from water, thirty-eight feet. It has a fixed light which is visible from a distance of ten nautical miles. The order of its lens is indicated by the figure six. The brick-yard of Edward Brousseau is situated on the river road, four miles north of Stuyvesant Landing. Operations were commenced about five years since. It gives employment to tweaty-three operatives, who manufacture about 34,000 bricks per day. The first settlement was made by the Dutch about the period of the English conquest. Among the early settlers were fami- lies named Yan Alstyne, Van Allen, Van Ness, Van Slyke, Van Dyke, Van Valkenburgh, Vosburgh and Schermerhorn. The following extract from The Columbia Republican of Jan. 34, 1871, in which is a communication from Eev. J. Edson Rockwell, D. D., is supposed to contain the earliest existing record descriptive of this locality. We quote : " To the early records of the settlement of this region there has lately been added ona of pleasant interest, for which we are indebted to the Long Island Historical Society, and especially to the Hon. Henry C. Murphy, long our Minister in Holland. During his residence there he found in his scholarly researches among ancient documents a manuscript copy of a journal of a voyage to Wew York in the years 1679 and 1680, by Jasper Bankers and Peter Sluyter, two Labadist brethren who cariie thither in search of a home for the religious sect to which they belonged. * * » After visiting various sections around New York they resolved to explore the shores of the Hudson River, and on the 15th of April went in search of a, boat to go to Albany, and found one ready to leave immediately. The name of the skipper, the journal adds, was ' Meus Hoogboom, to whom we agreed to pay for the passage up and down One Beaver, that is twenty-five guilders in zeewant, and find ourselves. We gave in our names to have them inserted in the passports,' on the 19th, or four days after the boat was ready to ' sail immediately,' the journal proceeds: 'We left New York about 3 o'clock in the afternoon with about twenty passengers of all kinds, young and old, who made great noise and bustle in a boat not so large as a common S'erry boat in Holland, and as.these people live in the interior of the country, and somewhat nearer the Indians, they are more wild and untamed, reckless, imrestrained, haughty and more addicted to mis- using the blessed name of God and to cursing and swearing.' As the wind slackened they came to anchor in order to stem the ebb tide. " On the 20th they entered the Highlands, and on the 21st reached Kin- derhook, [which then included Stuyvesant] and on the 22d came to anchor at Fort Orange or Albany. After a visit to Schenectady and,Cohoes, they set out for their return on the 30th, and came to anchor at Kinderhook when a certain female trader had some grain to be carried down the river. While waiting the process of loading, the journal adds: 'We stepped ashore to amuse ourselves; we came to a creek where near the river lives a man whom they usually call the Child of Luxury (f kinder van walde.) He had a saw mill on the creek or a waterfall which is a singular one. The water falls quite steep in one body, but it comes down in steps with a broad rest sometimes between them. These steps were sixty feet or more high and were formed out of a single rock. We sasf chrystaL 18S GAZETTEER OF TOWNS. lying in layers between these rocks, they sparkled brighily and were as clear as water.' No one familiar with the scenery aroond Stuy vesant Falls can fail to recognize the description here given of that spot as it appeared nearly two hundred years ago, ' We set sail,' continues the journal, ' in the evening, atid came to Claverack, sixteen mites further down the river, where we also took in some grain in the evening. We were here laden fall of grain which had to be brought in four miles from the country [Claverack then included Greenport and Hudson.] The boors who brought It in their wagons asked us to ride out with them to their places, which we did. We rode along a high ridge of blue rock on the right hand, the top of which was grown over. The stone is suitable fur burning lime. Large ekar fountains flow out oftTiese cliffs or hills, [Becroft's Hill, in Green- port, whose springs supply the city of Hudson with water,] the first real fountains and the only ones we have met with In this country. We arrived at the places which consiht of fine farms ; the tillable land is like that of Schoon-ecten-deel, low, flat, and on the side of the creek, very delightflil and pleasant to look upon, and fspecially at the present time when they are all green with the wheat coming up. The wood land also ia very good for (making) lillable land, and it was one of the locations which pleased me most with its agreeable fountains." The Reformed Church of Stvyvesant, was organized May 13, 1837, by Eev. Asa Bennett, with 65 members, and Eev. G. I. Garretson as its first pastor. The fffst and present house of worship, which will seat 275 persons and whose estimated value is f 12,000, was erected in 1831 and repaired in 1869. It has 150 members, and Eev. Elbert Nevins is its pastor. The Reformed Church, located at Stuyvesant Falls, was organ- ized in October 1859, by a committee of the Classis of Eens- selaer, consisting of Eevs. B. Snyder and 0. Wiltsie, with four- teen members, and Eev. E. D. Bates as its first pastor. The first and present church edifice, which will seat 200 persons, was erected in 1847. It has 54 members. Its pulpit is vacant. TAGHKAIfICK* was formed from Livingston as Granger, March 19, 1803. Its name was changed March 25, 1814, and Copake was taken off in 1824. It is an interior town, lying south of the center of the County. The surface is hilly. Copake or Taghkanick Creek is the principal stream. Its banks are low and rocky and upon it are numerous mill sites. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam. The hills are generally arable to their summits, although some are wooded and rocky. West Taghkanick, (p. t.) in the south-west part, on Copake Creek, ten miles south-west from Hudson, contains one church, (M. E.) one hotel, two stores, a carriage and blacksmith shop, a shoe shop and about a dozen houses. •PronouDced Toh-konnlok, and supposed to slgnitSr " WaleF Enongh." Upon thU ride of "Mt. Tom," In Copake, was formerly a sprinjf which was a favorite resort of tha Indians ; and hence the name of Taghkanick for the locality. SAZBTVIBSB OF T6WN^. 183; Taghianiek, (p/oi) situated nea* the center of the town and! the junction of a small tributary to Copake Creek with that stream! twelve miles south-east of Hodson, contains one hotel, a blacksmith shop, a harness shop, a store, a church, (Lutheran) and half a dozen houses. New Forge, on Copake Creek, near the south center of the town, about equi-distant from Taghkanick and West Taghka- nick, formerly contained a saw mill, grist mill, store and several houses; but the mills are abandoned and all the houses except one are unoccupied. There is an excellent watei: privi- lege at this place. ft About two miles south of Taghkanick are a blacksmith and wagon shop and the furnace of Milo Decker, in which plows are the chief article of manufacture. The grist, flour and plaster mills of Peter P. Ham are located about three-fourths of a mile south of Glenco Mills. The flouring mill contains two runs of stones which give it a capa- city to grind ten bushels of grain per hour. The plaster mill manufactures about 75 tons of plaster per year. The population of the town in 1870 was 1,485; 1,431 of whom were natives and 54, foreigners ; 1,481, white and 4, colored. During the year ending Sept. 30, 1870, the town con- tained eight school districts, and employed seven teachers; the number of children of sfchoolage was 443; the average attend- ance, 144.506 ; and the amount expended for school purposes, $3,310.64. The first settlements were made by German and Dutch settlers, among whom were families named Brises, Shurts and Shoefelts. A tract of about 600 acres, called Taghkanick, included in this town, was purchased by Eobert Living- ston in 1685, a fuller description of which will be found in the history of the County. This town was included in the Living- ston Manor and some of its 'lands are now owned by the descendants of the Livingstons. Like many of the towns which this Manor comprised, it suffered from the unfriendly disputa- tions and warlike incursions which grew out of the indefinite boundary line between this and the New England States. Its inhabitants took an active part in bringing to a crisis the unhappy relations growing out of the anti-rent difficulties of 1844. Incited by the successes of the tenants of manor lands in other counties, and urged and induced by thein to follow their example in resisting the demands of the manorial proprietors, a general meeting of the tenants was held in this town in the month of November of that year, which resulted in the forma- tion of the " Taghkanic Mutual Association," with the foUow- ii 184 OAZETTEES OF TOWNS. ing named officera: John I. Johnson, president; James M. Strever, George I. Rossman, Peter Poacher, Samuel A. Tanner and George I. tinkle, vice-presidents ; Philip B. Miller, treas- urer ; Anthony Poucher, recording secretary ; Peter Poucher, corresponding secretary; and John Bain and James M. Strever, executive commmittee. The articles of association were pre- faced by the following euphonious preamble : " Whereas, it has pleased the All-wise Providence to awaken the atten- tion of this community to a lively sense of the great injustice of the pres- ent system of land ownership, by the laws of this State, permitting indi- viduals to hold large tracts of land for which they have never rendered any equivalent to the State or Nation ; and whereas the happiness and prosperity of this and future generations depend in a great measure upon our exertions to blot from our statute-book the last relics of Feudalism ; We, therefore, in imitation of our Patriotic fathers who signed the Declara- tion of Independence, and the better to accomplish our Ireedom, do adopt the following Constitution, and solemnly pledge our honor to abide by the articles therein contained." " They pledged themselves,'' says MHler, " to use all lawful and honora- ble means to rid themselves of their unjust burthens, and that they would neither make to nor accept any proposition from any person claiming land under the Livingston patents, for the payment of rent or the purchase of the soil, without the consent of a majoriff of the association. " In addition to this association, there was an extensive organization of the tenants into tribes of ' Indians,' under the direction of Chiefs ' Big Thun- der,' (Smith A. Boughton,) and ' Little Thunder,' (Mortimer C. Belding,) of Rensselaer County, whose special object was to forcably resist the officers ot the County in the discharge of their duties. "The writer witnessed the first gathering of the 'Indians' in the to^n of Taghkanic, in the month of November of that year. It is hot possible to give any descriptiou which would convey an accurate idea of their ridiculous, yet hideous appearance. Every species of disguise had been adopted which would most successfully prev^it recognition. All wore uniforms of calico, to which were added the skins and tails of beasts, horns and feathers, tin ornaments and other decorations, according to the fancy of the ' native.' The feces of some were covered with masks of calico, others blackened, others painted red ; and their arms were as varied as their disguises. Quns, pistols, hatchets, spears, clubs, being carried With- out any attempt at uniformity. "After a short drill by their Chief, they were marched around for the benefit of the spectators, to the inspiring strains of ' Dan Tucker,' played upon a single fife, accompanied by a small drum, and were then addressed by Big Thunder, who dwelt upon their wrongs, the justice ol their cause, counseling them to stand firm by their motto ' down with the rent,' and resist any attempt to collect it by the strong arm of the law ; to all of which the tribes responded by a whoop of the genuine sort and a terrible brandishing of weapons. After this speech a song was sung, the chorus of which ran as follows : ' Git ont of the way, bfg Bill Snyder,— We'll ur yonr coat aMl%atlier your hide, Sir I '" The author quoted, thus concludes the narration of this somewhat ludicrous incident, whose effect it would seem was OAZETTBEB OF TOWNS. 185 as inspiriting to himself as to the participants in it, though it operated most forcibly on the opposite extremity. He says, " Before the adjournment of this interesting meeting, the writer who had been sent there, if possible to discover who participated in its proceed- ings, had taken the advice given to ' big Bill Snyder,' and was a respecta- ble distance ' C)ut of the way.' " However much we may sympathiz© with or commend the legitimate efforts of the tenants to abolish the feudal system and all its pernicious influences, we cannot but deprecate the manner in which thfey sought to accomplish this purpose, The Ebeneier M. E. Chwrch, located at West Taghka,ni<^, was organized in 1842, by its first pastor, Eev. Lewis M. Pease, with about fifteen members." The first church edifice was erected the following year, and the present one, which will seat 400 persons, and whose estiinated value is $8,000, in 1863. It has 200 members, and its pastor is Eev. J. Chester Hoyt. The Church is in a prosperous condition, and the parsonage is to be enlarged and improved during the present summer (1871.) ■ The Evangelical Lutheran Church, located at Taghkanick, was organized in 1856, by its first pastor, Eev. Levi Schell, with thirty members. The first and present house of worship, which will seat 150 persons, and whose estimated value is $3,000, was erected in 1856. Eev. J. A. Eosenberg, of Church- town, is its present pastor, and its membership is 60. 186 ANCBAII. COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EXPLANATIONS TO DIKECTORY. Directory is arranged as follows : 1. Name of IndiTidnal or firm. 3. Post office ad- dress in parentlieBls, 3. Business or occapation. A Star (•) placed before a name, indicates an advertiser in this work. For such ad- vertisement see Index. Figures placed after the occupation ot farmers, indicate the number of acres of land owned or leased by the parties. Names set in CAPITALS indicate subscribers to this work. The word Street is implied as regards directory for the City of Hudson and villages. For additions and corrections see Errata, follonrlng tbe Intro- duction. (Post OfSce Addresses in Parentheses.) fiachman, Bobert, (Ancram,) (S. tf . Garity, John, (Spencertown,) gardener and fitrmer 90. 190 COtXJMBlA COVNTT BUSINESS DIRECTORY. EBEVEZER REYNOLDS, Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Worker, DEALER IN Stoves, Ranges, and Hollow Ware. A Fall Assortment of Tin and Japanned Ware. COPAKE, N. Y. Hot Air FnrnaceB Cleaned and Repaired. JOBBING of all kinds promptly attended to. WILLIAM O'CONNELL, 168 Warren Street, Hudson, N.T. •V 5^li' ^iJO" (Nemt Door to Gleason Sou»e.) ^'€^:i^S^ STEAM AND OAS FITTER, ^i" Pnmps, licad Pipe, Gas Fix- tures, &c. m" aOBBtViG PROmPTIiT ATTENDED TO. _^ HEDGES & HEERMANS, 333 Warren Street, Hudson, X. Y., DEALERS IN VA OF ALL KINDS. Music, Stationery, Perfumery, Fancy Goods, Toys,&c. SPEOIAIiTT. J^ Wax Flower Materials and Glass Shades. JAS. EDGAR GANFIELD, 333 Warren Street, priceB. HUDSON, N. Y. All Btyles of PictareB taken at short notice and on reaeonable termB ; aUo a large aBBortment of Frames, CaseB, FaBBepartont, &c., conBtantly on hand at low Special attention paid to Bnlarged Copying: from Old FictarcB. AVSTEBLITZ. 191 Garraty, Barney, (Spencertown.) farmer 90 GAtTL, JOHN C, (Spencertown,) wool dealer, prop, carding and saw mllle, manaf. cider and farmer 400. Glldersleeve, Allen, (Oreen Elver,) farmer 6. 6LBAS0N, HABRIET URS., (Aueterlitz,) resident. Gott, Harvey W., (Spencertown,) farmer ' aoo. Gott, Henry D., (AuBterlitz,) farmer ISO. Grant, Willard G., (Aueterlitz,) blacksmith. GrUwold, Dean, (Spencertown,) farmer leases of James, SO. GRISWOLD, JAMBS T., (Spencertown,) carpenter and wagon maker. Griewold, John, (Spencertown,) carpenter. GRISWOLD, JOmr W., (Spencertown,) carpenter. / GRISWOLD, LUCIEN S., (Spencertown,) farmer 130. Griswold, Sherman Mrs., (Spencertown,) farmer 14. Haight, Ira, (Austerlitz,) farmer 197. Hamlin, Edward S., (State Line, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 876. Hand, Horan, (Spencertown,) farmer 190. HANBK, PHILIP M., (Spencertown,) far- mer leases of John E. New, 160. HARVEY, ALBERT, (State Line, Berk- shire Co., Mass.,) resident. HARVEY, ALFRED, (Austerlitz,) farmer 8U. Harvey, Consider, (West Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Mass,,) farmer. Harvey, Henry D., (Spencertown,) carpen- ter, jobber and builder. Harvey, Ruesel, (Austerlitz,) hotel keeper and constable. HARVEY, SUSAN MRS., (Ansterlltz.) Haskell, Silence, (AaBterlitz,yfarmer 140. Hlggins, Michael D., (Green River,) miller and tool manuf. HIG6INS, WM., (Spencertown,) farmer 120. . HIGGINS, WM. S., (Spencertown,) gener- al mercbaikt. HOGABOOM, WESLEY, (Harlcmville,) ftirmer 77. Hogeboom, Jacob, (HarlemviUe,) farmer 148. Holdridge, Daniel J., (Spencertown,) car- penter. Honey, Patrick, (Spencertown,) resident. Howes, David H., (Red Rock,) assessor and farmer 94. Howes, Orrin V., (Anaterlitz,) mason and farmer 65. HO WES, REED,(State Line, Berkshire Co., Maes,,) mason and farmer leases of Rnssell Woodrnff^S. HOWES, RUSSELL W., (Austerlitz,) ma- eon and farmer 110. Hull, Mary, (West Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) school teacher, district No. 3. Johnson, I. P., (Chatham,) farmer 33. JONES, JAMES W., (Chatham Village,) agent for the Buckeye Mowing and Reaping Machine, and the Florence Sewing Machine, fruit raiser and far- mer 70. KINNE, CHARLES, (Austerlitz,) wagon maker. EXINE, THEODORE, (Spencertown,) far- mer IBS. LACY, EZRA, (Spencertown,) carpenter andjoiner. LAMPHERE, JAMES M., (Spencertown,) farmer 110 and leases of Smith Shaw, 200. Lane, Alonzo, (Spencertown.) mason. LANE, DAVID K., (Austerlitz,) iron ore miner. LANE, GEORGE H., (Spencertown,) far- mer leases of Alonzo Lane, 135. LASHER, CYRUS, .Spencertown,) farmer 230. LAWRENCE, UEL, (Spencertown,) miller and farmer 70, retired. LIVINGSTON, GEORGE A., (Spencer- town,) farmer leases of Judson Park, 60. LOOMIS, CHARLES D., (Spencertovi^) commissioner of highways and farmer 280. Lovett, John, (Spencertown,) laborer. Lynch, Patrick, (Bed Rock,) farmer 100. Macintyre, Ma^ Jane, (West Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) school teacher, district No. 6. Mallery, Wm. A., (Spencertown,) farmer 240. Manlng, John, (Red Rock,) farmer 130, Maning, Thomas, (Red Rock,) farmer 33. MARTIN, NELSON, (Spencertown,) mer- cbant and farmer 6. MATHER, HIRAM B., (Spencertown,) nn- McARTHUR, HAMILTON, (Austerlitz,) farmer 197>^. McConnell, Samuel, (Ghent,) (with Sugh EusaeU.) farmer 1H6. MoFETRISH, JAMES A., (Chatham,) far- mer leases estate of Israel Northrup, 136. McNeill, Joseph, (HarlemviUe,) farmer 117. Mead, Isaac, (Hpencertown,) agent for Aver- 11 Faint Co. and farmer 90. MERCER, GEO. C, (Green River,) super- visor, cattle broker and farmer 660. MICHAEL, ANTHONY J., (Austerlitz,) carpenter and farmer 60. Miller, Martin, (Spencertown,) farmer 269. Moore, Cyrus, (Green River,) agent for the Union Mowing and Reaping Machine, carpenter and farmer 200. MOORE, JOHN S., (Green River,) f^f:mer 268. Moore, Tunis, (Spencertown^ farmer 135, MOREHOUSE, ABRAM S., (Chatham Village,) farmer 115. Morehouse, David, (Chatham Village,) far- mer 100. NEILL, JOHN W., (HarlemviUe.) New, James Ry (Spencertown,) farmer leases of H. E. Rouse, 184. Nezer, Ernest, (Spencertown,) fanner 104. NICHOLS, ROBERT, (Chatham ViUage,) paper maker and farmer 2. Nichols, Wm., (Chatham Village,) farmer leases of John Ambler, 132, Niles, Dan, (Spencertown,) farmer 60. NILES, HARVEY, (Spencertown,) farmer 234. NILES, JOHN ,M , (Spencertown,) prop. saw mill and flumer 180. 193 ATTSTEBLITZ. NILES, SILL, (Spencertown,) retired. Niles, Thomas P., (Spencertown,) farmer 160. NOLAN, THOMAS, (Red Ro(flt,) farmer 6. Northrup, Israel, estate Of, (Chatham,) 136 acres. O'Bryan, Patrick, (State Line, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 150. 0'Herron,Wm., (Chatham Village,) laborer. Olando, Felix, (Ansterlitz,) farmer 65. Oles, John, (Spencertown,) farmer 363. OSBORNB, DAVID L., (Ansterlitz,) farmer 2flO. OSBORNE, LANSING, (Ansterlitz,) car- penter and farmer 300. OSTRANDER, PREDERICKM., (Spencer- town,) farmer 210. PALMER, WM. G., (Spencertown,) gen- eral merchant. PARCK8, GEOEGB, (Spencertown,) car- penter.. Park, Jadson, (Spencertown,) farmer 60. Parker, Woodhndge, (Ansterlitz,) farmer 160. Parmer, Aaron, (Ansterlitz,) resident. PELTON, LYSANDER P., (Ansterlitz,) blacksmith and justice of the peace. PERKINS, CHARLES N., (Red Rock,) far- mer no. Pettit Brothers, (Spencertown,) farmers lease of Wm. H. Stickles, 139. PETTIT, EODOLPHUS C, (Chatham Vil- lage.) Pettit, Steven, (Chatham Village,) farm laborer. Pettit, Sylvester, (Chatham Village,) fanner leases of Frederick D. Bailey, 110. PHILIP, PETER S., (Red Rock,) farmer 45. Phillips, Titus, (Green Elver,) mail driver from Green River to Chatham. PHINEY, JAMES, (State Line,- Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 320. PIERSON, HENRY C, (Chatham Village,) district clerk and farmer 160. Pixley, Wm. A., (Ansterlitz,) farmer 123. POWELL, CALEB J. W., (Red Rock,) far- mer 100. PO^LL, (3YPRIAN, (Red Hock,) farmer 262. Powell, Lonisa, (Red Rock,) Bchool teacher, district No. 14. POWERS, NORM AND., (Ansterlitz,) poor master and farmer. Pratt, Jared D., (Chatham Village,) farmer 280. PXJLVER, TALLMADGB, (Ansterlitz,) far- mer 260. EAAB, PETER, (Spencertown,) farmer 72. Elngwold, Gilbert, (Spencertown,) farmer 73. ROBINSON, CHAS. M., (Chatham Village,) farmer 164. Robinson, Henry M., (Chatham Village,) farmer. Rogers, William, (Red Rock,) ftener 80. Roughn, Thoma?, (West Stockbrldge, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 80. Bonse, Horace B., (Spencertown,) farmer 184. Eandell, John, (Spencertown,) mason and -, farmer 13. Bandell, Reuben, (Spencertown,) farmer IIB. Rnssell, Hugh, (Ghent,) {with Samuel Me- Connelly) tanner 166. Sawyer, Orren M., (Spencertown,) retired farmer 13S. Sawzer, Wm^ (Harlemville,) farmer 180. . Schweiteer, Henry, (Ansterlitz,) farmer 160. Scutt, Jacob A,, (Spencertown,) farm laborer. Shaw, John, (Aasterlitz,) carpenter and farmer 63. Shaw, Melancthon, (Ansterlitz,) mason. SHAW, SMITH, (Spencertown,) farmer 300. Shelley, Joaeph, (Spencertown,) farmer 52. Shelly, Henry J., (Spencertown,) farmer 130. Sheltz, Samuel, (Spencertown,) farmer 162. Shnfelt, David H., (Spencertown,) farmer 150. SHUFELT, JOHN I., (Harlemville,) far- mer 136. Sifer, John, (Spencertown,) farmer 50. SLOCUM, THBitAS, (Spencertown,) far- mer 200. Smethnrst, James, (Spencertown,) wagon maker. Smith, C. B., (Spencertown,) farmer 48)f . SMITH, HENRY M., (Spencertown,) jobber and bnilder. Smith, Horatio ti„ (Spencertown,) farmer 245. HPANGLEE, WAENEK, (Spencertown,> farmer 250. SPENCER, AMASA, (State Line, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) stock dealer and farmer 27. SPEAGUB, HEMAN, (West Stockbridge,, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 370. SPRAGUE, LUCIUS 8., (West Stockbridge; Berkshire Co., Mass.,) dealer in thor- ough bred horses and Durham and Ayr- shire stock, and farmer 32S. SPEAGUE, MILTON E., (West Stock- bridge, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) school teacher and farmer 115. Stark Elijah, (Spencertown,) shoe maker. STEVBE, EICHAED, (Spencertown,) far- mer 239. Steitz, Philip, (Harlemville,) farmer 83. Steztez, John, (Harlemville,) farmer 149. STICKELS, WM. H., (8pencertown,)agent for the Howe Sewing Machine and far- mer 139. STICKLES, CHAHLKS H., (Red Eock,) farmer 134. STICKLES, GIDEON C, (Red Rock,) far- mer. :STILLMAN, A. F., (Spencertown,) prop. Stillraan Hotel. SWEET, JOHN, (Harlemville,) farmer 207. 'Sweet, William, (Ansterlitz,) farmer 160. Tenbreck, Theodore, (Spencertown,) wagon maket. Ten Broek, James A., (Spencertown,) carriage maker and farmer 24. Thomas, Andrew,(Red Rock,) farmer leases of Caroline Blin, 180. Tracy AureUus M., (Ghent,) freighter and farmer 300. TRACT LYMAN J., (Ghent,) farmer 170. TEEMAIN, RUSSEL, (Spencertown,) post master at Green River and farmer 240. TRIMPER, QEOEGE K., (Spencertown,) farmer 236. A VSTEBLITZ- CANAAN. 193 Vandusen, James A., (West Stockbriac*. Berkehire Co., Mftgt.,) farmet 126'. " Tanansen, Jolm P., (Spencertown,) farmer 4. Varney, C. G., (Ansterlltz,) (J. M. & C. 0. Varney,) post master. Vamey, Chancery, (Ansterlltz,) fartaer aOO. Varneyi j; M. & C. G., (Ansterlitz,) mer- chants. VAENET, JOHN M., (Ansterllli,) mer- chant and fanner 200. Varney, S., (Spencertown,) school teacher, district No. 4. Vincent, Albert, (Spencertown,) assessor and ifermer.a. VINOB-lfT, B.' P., (Spencertown,) hotel keeper. VINCENT, PEEDEEICK .,) carriage makers and blacksmiths. SkiflF, Uriah D., (Canaan Ponr Corners,) (Skiff (t Son.) SMITH, ALLEN C, (Canaan,) (SmUh & - PFifcOfB.) ' ' . ■ Smith, Chancey W., (State Line, Berkshire Co., Mass.,) farmer 160. SMITH, FRANKLIN, (Bast Chatham,) far- mer 9S. Smith, Henry J., (East Chatham,) farmer 188. SMITH, HENRY & SON, (Canaan Pour Corners.) iPmtth, I(a>A., (Sranasn,) famaer 135. Smith, - Jaine& (Cansoii Four Comers,) ifiUnt (£ Smm.) 198 COL UMBIA CO UNTT B VSINESS DIBECTOS T. P. VANDERPOEL, MANTJFACTUHEK OF AND DKALKK IN Whips, Bridles, Collars, Blankets, East Side of Public Square, Hudson, X. Y. ^^ All kindt of JtEPAIRINl} Done on Short Ifotiee at prices t}iat can- not fail to suit the purchaser. w#BTM ■# vs: IDMl JMDI Nos. 81, 83, 85 and 87 Warren Street, HUDSON, N. Y. The Largest and Best Hotel in tlie City. Centrally Located for Business. p^ Accessible to Depots and Steamboats. AGENTS REASONABLY CASED FOR. # CANAAN. 199 SMITH, JOHN W., (Canaan Ponr Comers,) insarance agent and farmer 1. SMITH & WIECOX, (Canaan,) (4Jfen C. Smith and Oeo. O. Wilcox,) general merchants. Soles, Henry, (Canaan Foar Corners,) far- mer 68. Spangler, Geo., (Red Rock,) farmer leases of . Kliae W. Bostwick, 100. Spier, Wm., (Canaan Foar Comers,} far- mer 850. StarkB, Joseph B., (Red Book,) jeweter. THOMPSON, SAMUEL H., (Canaan Four Corners,) track master and farmer 1'. TUden, HenryA., (Canaan Fonr Coinars,) grist mill. , TIMBEY, WM. H., (Flat Brook,) farmer 7. Tomlinson, Cyras B., (Sast Chatham,) shoe' maker. Tomlinson, Sarah Mrs., (Bast Chatham,) farmer 2. Tompkins, Harriet E. Mrs., (New ConcordJ : farmer 100. TOOLEY, CYRUS B., (Canaan Four Cor- merSj) carpenter and joiner. Tracy, Thomas, (Bast Chatham,) farmetilS. Turner, Lodema Miss, (Flat Brook,) resi- dent. Tyson, Mary Mrs., (Canaan Four Comers,) farmer 18. • VANAL8TINB, ISAAC L., (Canaan,) hotel keeper and farmer leases of Joshua J. Waterman, 26. Vedder, George, (Canaan Four OomerB»). farmer 100. Voltz, Bgdie, (Canaan Four Comers,) fir- mer 10. Voltz, Mathew, (Canaan Four Comers,) shoe maker. VOSBURGH, ApRAM, (Flat Broak,) far- mer 60. VOSBURGH, AFTER, (Flat Brook,) farmer 150. WAGNER, JOHN, Jn., (Canaan,) farmer WAGNER, LEONARD, (Caanan Four Cor- ners,) farmer 130. Wagoner, John, (Canaan,) farmer SCO. WALKER, ISAAC A., (Canaan Four Cor- nerB,)Jblacksmith. WARNER, DANIEL D., (Canaan Center,) , farmer 176. Wsiner, Henry L., (Canaan Four Comers,) farmer 230. WEAVER, DAVID H., (Canaan Four Cor- ners,) farmer leases of Henry Brown. West, Robert, (Canaan Four Comers,) saw mill and farmer 4. WHEBLBR, GERTRUDE, (Canaan Cen- ter,) hotel keeper. White, Amos C.,(EaBt Chatham,) farmer 104. White, Edward, (Flat Brook,) cabinet ma- ker and farmer 13. Whiting, Henry J,, (Canaan Four Comers,) farmer 100. WILCOX, ALBERT, (Canaan,) farmfir SI. WILCOX, GEO. 0., (Canaan,) (jSmiM <£ WUcoas.) Wilcox, Sidney, (Red Bock,) post master. Wilcox, Sylvester C, (Canaan,) {Ford, Blinn & Co.) Wilcox, Sylvester C, (Canaan,) farmer 187. Wiley, Peter, (Canaan Four Corners,) shoe .WILLIAMS. BDWUT B., (Cauaan Pour Corners,) farmer 300. Winn, Charles E., (East Chatham,) farmer ' 94. WINN, PHILETUSi (Canaan,) firmer 83. Wood, Warren, (Bed Rock,) farmer. Woodworth, Wm. 8., (Flat Brook,) post master and farmer TO. in 200 CBATHAU. (Post Office Addresses in Parentheses.) directory for Chatham Village follows Ihis Zist. AdBit, D. N., (East Chatham.) meat mar- ket. Alender, L. Mrs., (Maiden Bridge,) board- ing boase. ALLBN, O. B., (New Concord,) farmer 109. Allen, W., (Chatham Village,) farmer 75. Allip, J. R., (East Chatham,) photographer. ALLIB, SAMUEL, (Eait Chatham,) retired farmer. AUstlne, John, (Maiden Bridge,) paper maker and boiler tender. AMES. E. B., (Chatham,) farmer aOO. ANDERSON, JACOB 0., (Chatham Vil- lage,) {Snyder & Anderton.) ANOELL, DANIEL H., (Chatham Village,) farmer 188. Angell, Edwin, (Chatham Village,) former 90 ANGELL, JOSEPH H., (Chatham Village,) farmer 112. Angle, J. H., (East Chatham,) farmer 113. ASHLEY, A. W. Bbt., (East Chatham,) Mills,) honae and olergyinan. ABhley, jB. H., (Rider' eignpainter. ASHLEY, CHAS. W., (Chatham,) farmer SOS. Ashley, E. A., (Chatham Village,) farmer 183. Ashley, Horace, (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer 7. Ashley, Mrs., (Rider's Mills,) farmer 10. Balentine, John, (North Chatham,) farmer Barford, James, (New Concord,) farmer S. Barrenger, Frank A., (Chatham Village,) operative in paper mill. Barry, James, (Rider's Mills Station,) far- mer 60. Barry, Thomas, (Rider's Mills Station,) far- mer 40. Barth, Richard L., (New Concord,) farmer Barton, Wm. H,, (East Chatham,) farmer 220. Bary, John, (Chatham,) farmer 50. BASHFOBD, B. J., (Chatham Center,) fir- mer 1S3. Bassett, Bennet, (<3hatham VlUaee,) far- mer 100. BASSETT, SARAH G., (Chatham Village,) farmer 110. Becker, Lyman, (North Chatham,) shoe maker. Beckwith, Benjamin, (Chatham,) retired farmer 7. Beckwith, Samuel, (East Chatham,) com- mlseion merchant. Bedell, Wm. Rev., (Chatham,) M. E, cler- BBBSB, BDWABDS, (New Concord,) far- mer \H. Best, James, estate of, (Chatham Village,) saw mill and 187 acres. BEST, JABED, (Chatham Village,) farmer S585i. BKTTS, C. S., (Chatham Center,) civil engi- neer and farmer 195. Bevler, Rev., (New Concord,) Re- formed clergyman. BIRGE, CHESTER D., (New Concord,) ma- chinist, engineer and larmer 100. Birge, Elijah, (Chatham Village,) farmerlOO. Birge, E. P.,(Chatham VUlage,) farnler leas- BLACK, JOHN K., (New Concord,) farmer 120. Bogartas, Henry, (Chatham Center,) br- mer leases 124. Bolce, Giles, (Chatham Village,) former ISO. Boice, Jacob, (Chatham Village,) farmer BOICE, PETER, (Chatham Village,) freight agent and farmer leases of Mrs. Tomp- kins, 175. BORIQHT, PETER W., (Chatham Village,): (Lant cfc Boright.) Bonghton, I. P., (Maiden Bridge,) carriage ironer and horse shoer. Bristol, G. W., (Chatham,) bouse and sign painter. Brower, Jacob, (Chatham Village,) carpen- ter and farmer 1. BROWN, E. A., (Chatham,) (Jamm B. Brown J3Z> ES T .A. XS. 3ES IFL JS ! * COiriNS AND CASKETS in Kosewood, Black Walnnt, and covered with Broad Cloth and Merino. Burial Kobes of the latest patterns constantly on hand. Refrigerators furnished and Bodies Preserved as long as desired. We are ready at all times, day and night, to do anything in onr line. HEARSE furnished if desired. PETER B. WAIiKER, IVORXH CHATHAM:, N. Y., WaffonSf Carriages, S2eighSj dc. Made to order and satisfaction guaranteed. REPAIRING done on short notice. JUSTUS 1¥ALKER, north: ch:ath:am:, n. y.. All descriptions of Carriage Iron Work promptly attended to at low rates, Repairing done on reasonable terms. S. & J. W. BORIGHT, DEALERS IN sBciisraLEs, LilE, lEIEir, Blinds and Doors, CHATHAM TILLAGE, N. H. mm& CBATHAM. 203 FINCH, WESLEY, {Eider's MUls Station,) farmer 100. Flanagan, John, t(Chatliain Village,) far- mer 100. FLINT, WM. H., (East Chatham,) (Carpen- ter & Flint.) ^ Flynn P., (Eider's Mills,) farmer leases 175. FOED, FEANCIS A., (Chatham,) farmer. Ford, Jesse, (Chatham,) farmer 103X. Ford, Sarah A. Mrs., (Chatham Village,) farmer 105. FEISBEE & LAY, (Bast Chatham,) (Lewis B. Prlsbee ana Geo. Lay,) farmers 140. FEISBEE, LEWIS B., (Bast Chatham,) (Frisbee S Lay.) Gale, Joseph, (Chatham Village,) i^rmer 16. Gardner, Benjamin F., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 120. Gardner, Quartus C, (Maiden Bridge,) far- mer leases ISO. GAENEE, PEANKLIN,(Chatham VUlage,) farmer 120. GAENEE, J. N. D«., (Chatham VUlage,) paper mannf. and farmer 125. GAENEE, 8ILVBSTBE, (Chatham Vil- lage,) former 100. Garvey, John, (Chatham Village,) operative in paper mill. GIPPOBD, JASON L., (Chatham Center,) farmer 130. * GifFord, P. S., (Chatham Center,) farmer 104. Gilher, George, (Chatham Village,) saloon and farmer 4. GILBEBT, BAKTLBTT, (Chatham VU- lage,) paper mill. GUdersleeve, Alfi!ed,(NorthChatham,) shoe maker. 4 GOLDIN, NATHANIEL, (Chatham Vil- lage,) blacksmith. Goodenongh, Elijah, (Chatham,) farmer 80. Goodenongh, John, (Maiden Bridge,) mill- wrighC Goodrich, Lorenzo J., (Chatham Village,) GOODEICH, WM. H., (Chatham Village,) mason and farmer 160. GOOLD, WM. H., (Chatham Center,) agent B. & A. E. E., express agent and farmer 188. Gorman, B. Mrs., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 6. Gorman, Thos., (Chatham Village,) farmer 60. Griswold, Norman F., (Chatham Village,) manuf. and turnen _ GEISWOLD, STEPHEN N., (Chatham Village,) woodturner and farmer I. Groan, John, (Chatham,) fiarmer 30. Groat, Martin, (Chatham Center,) farmer 50. Haddock, Hugh, (Chatham,) firmer 8. HAIGHT, WILSON, (Chatham,) (S. M. Krum & Co.) Hall, Wm. M., (Chatham Center,) constable and poor master. HALSEY, WM. H., (Chatham ViUage,) farmer 110. HAM, C, (Chatham,) grist and saw mills. Ham, Henry, (East Chatham,) carpenter. Hamberger, Geo., (Bast Chatham,) farmer Hammond, Lewis, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer HAND, ALBBET, (North Chatham,) fanner 112. HAND, HEEMAN, (Chatham,) justice of the peace and farmer 101)^. Hand, S. N., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 126. Harder, Peter, (North Chatham,) farmer 160. Harder, Wm., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 160. Harris, Albert, (Chatham Center,) farmer ISO. Harris, Daniel, (Maiden Bridge,) mason. Harris, Justus, (Chatham,) farmer 80. Harris, L. Mrs., (Maiden Bridge,) dress ma- Harris, Wm. F. Eev., (East Chatham,) M. E. clergyman. HAETIGAN, JAMES, (Chatham,) farmer 70. HAETIGAN, JOHN, (Chatham,) farmer 68. Hays, Wm. L., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer. Haywood, M. H.. (Maiden Bridge,) falkner 100 and leases 86. Haywood, Morris, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 86. Heferan, , (Bast Chatham,) farmer 100. Herrick A Hoes, (Maiden Bridge,) ( TTm. C. Herriek and Bobert Hoes,) pump shop. Herrick, N., (East Chatham,) farmer 1. Herrick, Wm. C, (Maiden Bridge,) (HisrHc* cfe Boes.) HICKS, BBENAED K., (Chatham Center,) farmer 60. Hicks, C. B., (Chatham Center,) speculator. HUton, Daniel T., (Eider's M.ills Station,) carpenter and farmer 3. Hoag, T., (Chatham,) prop. Chatham Hotel. Hoag, Thos. J., (Chatham.) jeweler. Hoar, Michael, (Eider's Mills Station,) fir- mer 60. HOBS, EGBERT, (Maiden Bridge,) (Eer- rick & Boes,) postmaster and farmer 14. Hogan, Mary, (Eed Eocb,) fiirtner 14. Hdgeboon, Bartlett, (Chatham Village,) far- mer 160. Hogle, Abraham, ((Chatham Village,) farmer 2. Holdridge, Almeron, (Chatham Village,) Holland, H., (Chatham,) resident. Holland, John E., (Chatham,) farmer 127. Holt, John L., (Eider's Mills,) blacksmith. Hope, Edwin, (Eider's Mills Station,) (Eope & Busted,) farmer leases 100. Hope & Husted, (Eider's MiUs Station,) (Edmn Hope and: Minwd Husted,) farmers 100. HOtrSMAN, CHAS. B,, (New Concord,) retired. HOWAED CHILON, (Chathani Center,) farmer leases 134. HOWAEDv WM. H., (Chatlfam Village,) farmer 91. HUDSON, C. B., (Chatham,) dry goods, groceries, coal dealer and post master. Hudson, T. E., (Chatham,) clerk and stu- dent. Huested, Barton, (Chatham Center,) farmer 48. Hnested, Geo., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 100. Huested, Israel, (Chatham,) farmer 168. Hughes, John, (Eider's Mills Station,) for- mer 6. HULBERT, GEO. A., (Chatham,) (P. F. Hulbert & Son.) *HTJLBEBT, P. P. & SON, (Chatham,) (Geo. ^.,) iron foundere. Hulbert, Sylvester C, (East Chatham,) far- mer. HUNT, WM., (Chatham Village,) farmer 160. HtJNTEB, WM., (Chatham Village,) farmer leases 198. Husted, Minard, (Eider's Mills Station,) (Eope & Husted.) Irish, S. L., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer leases 96. Irish, Wm., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 96. •JAQUA, 8., (Chatham Center,) farmerlOS. Jenkins, Nathan, (Rider's Mills Station,) retired farmer. Johnson, D., (Eider's Mills,) cattle drover. JONES & CADY, (East Chatham,) (fl. D. Jones and W. Gady,) druggists. JONES, H. D., (East Chatham,) {Jones <& Cady,) physician and deutist. Judd, N. E., (Bast Chatham,) (Campbell & Judd.) Kelly, James, (Eider's Mills Station,) far- mer 12. Kelly, James Jr., (Eider's Mills Station,) farmer 100. Kelly, P., (Chatham,) farmer 74. King, Benjamin, (East Chatham,) farmer 20. KING, C. A., (Chatham,) prop. Geo. K. Patchen stallion and farmer 90. King, Jerome B., (New Concord,) farmer 147. Kingman, E. Mrs., (North Chatham,) far- mer 100. KIEK, G. W., (Niverville,) fanner 240. Kittle, Joseph, (Maiden Bridge,) carpenter. Knapp, Isaac, (Eider's Mills Station,) far- mer 10. Knapp, L. S., (East Chatham,) laborer. Knapp, Seth J., (Eider's Mills Station,) far- mer 100. » Knight, B. A., (East Chatham,) farmer leas- es ISO. Knight, F. B., (East Chatham,) farmer. Knight, John, (East Chatham,) farmer 150. *KHDM,E.M.,& CO., (Chatham,) (Wilson Haigki,) manufs. Champion Mower. Laden, John, (Chatham Center,) laborer. Lamphear, Geo. E., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 24. Lannan, James, (Eider's Mills Station,) far- mer 20. Lannan, Thomas, (Eider's Mills Station,) farmer 20. Lanphear, James,(Chatham Village,) farmer 80. LANT & BOEIGHT, (Chatham Village,) (ilf. A. Lant and Peter W. Bonght,)id,v- merl28. Lant, Lawrence, (Chatham Center,) farmer 116. Lant, L. L., (Chatham Center,) farmer 117. LANT, M. A., (Chatham Village,) i^Lant & Boright.) Latimer, Alex. ^ (Chatham,) farmer 7. LATIMEE, AMOS H., (Chatham Village,) farmer leases 137. Lawrence, B. Mrs., (North Chatham,) mil- linery and agent Weed Sewing Machine. Lawrence, John, (North Chatham,) black- smith and farmer 40. LAWEENCE, JOHN W., (North Chatham,) carriage painter. Lawrence, Joseph, (North Chatham,) black- smith. Lay, Addison, (East Chatham,) fanner 200. Lay, Ezra, (Chatham,) farmer. LAY, QBOEGE, (East Chatham,) (Frisbee db LayJ) LAY, G. W., (Chatham,) ticket and freight agent, Harlem Extension E. R., notary public and agent National Express Co. Lay, Eichard S., (Chatham,) druggist, gro- cer and shoe maker. Lay, Samuel, (Chatham Center,) farmer LAY, SAMUEL C, (Chatham,) carpenter and farmer 47X. LAY, SETH H., (East Chatham,) farmer 76. LESTER, E. D., (Chatham,) harness maker, carriage trimmer and constable. Lester, WT, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 40. Linch, P., (New Concord,) farmer 56. Lobdell, John S., (Eider's Mills Station,) farmer 1. , Loomis, Chester G., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 30. Loveday, J. B., (East Chatham,) harness maker. LOVEJOY, C. W., (New Concord,) post master and merchant. Lovejoy, H. H., (New Concord,) farmer 9^. Lovejoy, John, (New Concord,) farmer 16. Lovejoy, John W., (New Concord,) farmer 16. Mack, John, (Eider's Mills Station,) farmer 40. Macy, Samuel B., (Chatham Village,) gar- dener ana farmer 30. Maner, , (Chatham Village,) farmer IgQQpa "ITS MAESHALL,' SAMUEL, (Chatham Vil- lage,) farmer 100.- MASON, THBODOEE, (Bast Chatham,) blacksmith. May, Westfall, ((Latham Center,) farmer 86. McALLISTEE, EDMUND B., (North Chat- ham,) carpenter. McCarthy, Dennis, (Chatham,) farmer 60. McEninea, James, (Chatham Village,) far- mer. MoGUIEB, PATEICK, (Chatham.) fanner 165. Mead, C. S. Eev., (Chatham Village,) Re- formed clergyman and agent for Phoenix Life Insurance Co. MEAD, DAVID M., (North Chatham,) far- mer. Mead, Peter, (North Chatham,) farmer 118. Melius, Howard, (North Chatham,) land- scape painter. MEMBEET, WALTBE, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 98. Messenger, William, (Maiden Bridge,) laborer. Mickle, Anthony, (Chatham Center,) farmer MICKLE, CYNTHIA, (Eed Rock,) (with Mrs. Esther Doty and John Mickle,) far- mer 143. MICKLE, JOHN, (RedEock,) (loithMrs. Esther Doty and Cynthia Mickle,) lar- mer 143. Mickle, Simeon, (Elder's Mills,) saloon. CHATHAM. 305 Mickle, Simeon, (Chatham,) hlackamith. Mickle, SylveBter, (Chatham,) blacksiMtti. Mickle, W. A., (Chatham,) carpenter, Milham, Jacob, (North Chatham,) farmer leases IGO. MILHAM, JAMES A., (North Chatham,) farmer leasee IS6. Milham, Simon I., (North Chatham,) far- mer 280. Miller, Charles. (Rider's Mills,) farmer. Miller, Edward, (Maiden Bridge,) shoe . maker. Miller, Frederick W., (Chatham Center,) farmer 116. Miller, Isaac, (Valatie,) farmer 100. Miller, Stephen, QIalden Bridge,) prop. Maiden Bridge Hotel. Miller, ThoB. A., (Chatham Center,) black- smith. Miller, Tunis, (North Chatham,) farmer 170. Miller, M:rs., (Klnderhook,) farmer 126. Mlney, A. , (Chatham Center,) farmer 2. Monell, James, (New Concord,) retired Moore, P. B.,(Chatham Village,) millwright, carpenter and farmer 70. Moore, Eenben, (Chatham Village,) school teacher and farmer 74. Moore, S. D., (Chatham Village,) farmer 70. Morey, Robert H., (Chatham,) alio, physi- cian. Morris, E. H., (Bast Chatham,) prop. Sheri- dan Hoose. Mnrphy, James, (North Chatham,) farmer 2. Murry, Wm., (Chatham,) farmer 20, Neefus, H. W., (Chatham Village,) farmer 90. New, Jacob I.. (Chatham Village,) fermer. NEW, JACOB S., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 112. NICHOLS, BRADLEY, (North Chatham,) retired produce commission merchant and farmer 76. NICHOLS, WARD, (North Chatham,) fftr- ■ ' mer 212. O'Connell, John, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 9. Oliver, Augustus S., (Chatham,) farmer 35>f. Oliver, B. W., (Rider's Mills,) resident. Page, H. MrSM (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 6. PALMER, AHIEA, (New Concord,) retired hatter. PALMER, AMOS, (Bast Cliatham,) farmer 40. Palmer, B. O., (Bast Chatham,) {Bider & Palmer.) PALMER, E. G., (Bast Chatham,) deputy post master and general merchant. Palmer, Israel, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 110. Palmer, O., (Bast Chatham,) (O. Palmer & Hon,) post master and farmer 20. Palmer, Oliver, (Chatham Village,) fanner 75. Palmer, O. & Son, (East Chatham,) coal dealers. Patrick, J. L., (Bast Chatham,) groceries, boots and shoes. Patterson, P. Mrs. and M. T., (Chatham Village,) farmers 100. PATN, L. v., (Chatham Village,) farmer 144. PEASE, WM. H., (East Chatham,) farmer 23>)r. Peaslee, H. W., (Maiden Bridge,) paper mill and farmer saOi Peck, O. J., (North Chatham,) physician and farmer 230. Penoyer, G. C, (North Chatham,) farmer 175. Phelps, B. B., (Chatham Center,) farmer 170. Phelps, J. H., (Rider's Mills Station,) civil engineer and surveyor. Phelps, Oren, (Rider's Mills Station,) far- mer- 80. FIERCE, CL'ARK, (Chatham,) former leases 250. Pitts, Allen D., (Rider's Mills,) {with Isaac M.,) farmer 116. PITTS, ISAAC M., (Rider's Mills,) prop. Henry Clay stallion and (with Allen D.,) farmer lis. PLATT & SMITH, (Chatham Village,) (T. v. ptatt ami Edgar Smith,) manufs. wadding. PLATT, T. D., (Chatham Village,) (Piatt & 8mAth.) Powell, J. R., (Chatham Center,) farmer 280. Pratt, H. B., (Bast Chatham,) retired far- mer. PRATT, H. S., (New Concord,) grist mill and farmer 100. PRESTON, J. N., (East Chatham,) farmer 114. PRUYN, B., (Klnderhook,) farmer 70. Fnltltz, Peter H., (East Chatham,) farmer 70. Pulver, Andrew, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 106. Pulver Calvin, (Chatham Center,) fermdr 106. Pulver, D. H., (North Chatham,) farmer 100. PULVER, JACOB E., (Chatham Center,) farmer 203. FULVEE, JOHN I., (Chatham,) commis- sioner of highways and farmer leases 40. Pulver, Oliver P., (Chatham Center,) far- mer 122. Pulver, Zachariah, (North Chatham,) re- tired farmer. Eansford, Henry, (Rider's Mills Station,) wagon maker. RAT, DAVID, (Rider's Mills Station,) merchant and farmer 100. RAT, ELIA8 H., (Elder's Mills Station,) carpenter and joiner. Ray, Wm. A., (Rider's Mills Station,) nota- ry public and farmer. Rea^, Patrick, (Chatham Village,) farmer Redman, John, ^Chatham,) farmer 6. REED, DANIEL, (Chatham Center,) farmer 299. REBD,'jOHNB., (Chatham,) wagon maker. Beed,.FhineaB D., (Chatham Center,) snpt. of Daniel's farm, EEBD, S. M., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 83 and leases SO. REBSB, A. H., (Chatham Village,) dealer in hams &c., and fanner leases 97. REESE, ISAAC S., (Chatham Village,) spec- nlator and cattle dealer. REESB, JOHN, (Chatham Village,) farmer 97. 206 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUaiNMSa DIBEGTOBY. 3i.ll of Dr, Jayne's JFamiiy Medicines are Sold ANDREW VAN ALSTYNE, CfflATHAM CEWTER, N . Y. DEALER IN Hats, Caps, Boots and Shoes, Hardware and Crock- ery, Ready Made Clothing, Notions, Fancy Articles, Patent Medicines, and all otber goods nsually kept in a coantry store. WILLIAM W. SAXTON, —AND COUNSELOR AT LAW, EAST CHATHAM, N. Y. ESTABLISHED IN 1860. S. JERKOVirSKI, Main Street, Chatham Tillage, N. Y. Wholesale and Eetail Dealer in Eeady-Made Clothing and Cents' Furnishing Goods. Special attention given to Castom Work. Goods sold by the yard. W. ISL, TENBEOECK, GENBBAL DEALER IN im GOODS ^ eftooimis, Notions, Carpets, Oil Cloths, &c., CHATHAM VILLAGE, N. Y. GBATHAM. 207 EeynoldB, Alanson, (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer 100. Eeynolds, Allen, (Bider's Mills Station.) farmer 130. Reynolds, Eliaa, (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer 100. EBTNOLDS, F. M., (Chatham,) carpenter, shoe maker and leases saw mill. Reynolds, deo. M., (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer 95. Reynolds, Hiram, (Chatham,) farmer 36. Reynolds, Lewis, (Rider's Mills Station,) farmers. Reynolds, Nancy Mrs., (Bider's Mills Sta- tion,) farmer 70. EeynoldB, P., (Eider's Mills Station,) ticket and express a^ent, and post master, Reynolds, Sarah Mrs., (Chatham,) farmer 70. Reynolds, S. & Son, (Chatham,) (Wm. C.,) general merchants., Reynolds, T. C, (Rider's Mills,) carpenter and farmer SO. Reynolds, Wm.'C., (Chatham^ (S. Hevnoldt (& Son.) RICHMOND, GILBERT, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 187. Rider, Henry W., (East Chatham,) (Eider <& Palmer,) andiwith iMther,) farmer ISO. RIDER, J. B., (Rider's Mills,) farmer 176. Rider, Luther, (East Chatham,) (wU/i^enry #.,) farmer 120. Elder & Palmer, (East Chatham,) (Hsnj- W. Elder and E. ff. Fabner,) hay an straw dealers. EIDER, T. B., (Rider's Mills,) post master and farmer 175. Rider, T. C, (Chatham,) farmer 874. Rider, T. C, (ChathanU farmer 140. RIDER, THOS. CLARK, (Chatham,) far- mer. • Rider, Wm. K., (Eider's Mills,) meat mar- ket Eion, Jared, (East Chatham,) towil assess- or and farmer 72. RIPHENBURQH, SAMtTBL H., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 88. Roberts, Charles C, (Eider's Mills,) general merchant. EGBERTS, FEANK A., (RiderH Mills,) farmer 64. Eoch, Thomas, (Red Rock,) fanner 6. Rogers, C. A. Mrs., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 50. Rogers, C. Mrs., (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer IPC. Rogers, M . , (New Concord,) fatmteSl. Rogers, Michael, (Rider's Mills Station,) farmer 35. ROGERS, PETER M., (Rider's Mills,) far- mer 160. EOUSE, HORACE B., (Chathaui Village,) farmer 160. EOWB, JOHN H., (North ChathBta,) fto- nier 165. EOWE, WM. L., (East Chatham,) farmer 184. ♦SAXTON, WM. W., (East Chatham,) lawyer. Schermerhorii, John, (North Chatham,) re- tired farmer. Schwab, Peter, (Eider's Mills Station,) saw mill and farmer 16. SHAFFER, B. M., (Chatham Center,) (J. E. 3/iaffer & Bra.,) farmer 40. SHAFFER, J. H. & BRO., (Chatham Cen- ter,) (Jf. U.,) grist and flouring mills. Sharp, John L., (Chatham Village,) cabinet maker and farmer 20. Sharp, Samn'el C, (Chatham Village,) car- penter. SHAVBR, B. A., (Chatham Center,) car- riage maker. SHAVER, E. M., (Chathami) carpenter. Shaver, John A., (Chatham Center,) farmer 136. Shey, James, (Chatham Village,) farmer 10. Shufelt, Adam, (Bider's Mills Station,) far- mer 80. Shufelt, Geo., (Chatham Village,) farmer 68. Shufelt, John, fEast Chatham,) farmer 4. SHUFELT, M. H., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer lfiSi86S 186 ** Shufelt, Norman, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 3. Shufelt, Wm., (Chatham Village,) farmer 116, Shnfelt, — -.Mrs., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 60. Sickles, Edward N., (Chatham Village,) la- borer. Silliman, Seneca, (Chatham,) captain on North EiTer and farmer 1. SILVERNAIL, BDGAR H., (Valatie,) far- mer 100. Skinkle, James, (Chatham Village,) farmer 1S6X. SKINKLE, J. B., (Chatham Village,) farmer 173. Sliter, H., (Chatham,) resident. "■SLUTTER, FREDERICK, (Chatham Cen- ter,) carriage and sleigh maker. Smith, Abraham P., (North Chatham,) far- mer 106. SMITH, EDGAR, (Chatham Village,) {Piatt dt Smith,) mannf. printing paper and farmer 118. Smith, Erwin G., (Valatie,) farmer 145. SMITH, GEO. C, (North Chathain,) farmer Smith, Henry' Cs (E»6t Chatham,) farmer 110. Smith, Isaac E., (Chatham Village,) carpen- ter and farmer 10. Smith, John J., (North Chatham,) mason and farmer 21. SMITH, LEWIS, (North Chatham,) iirmer 104. Smith, M. Mrfl., (North Chatham,) farmer 100. Smith, N. T., (Maiden Bridge,) (Smith & Tedder,) deputy post master. Smith, Thomas H., (Rider's Mills,) termer 88. Smith & Vedder, (Maiden Bridge,) (N. T. Smith and N. Tedder,) dry goods, &o. SNYDER & ANDERSON, (Chatham Vil- lage,) (Jacob Snyder and Jacob G. An- dersen,) fitrmers 157jf . Snyder, H. A., (North Chatham,) teas and , groceries. SijTDER, JACOB, (Chatham Village,) (Snyder «6 Anderson.) SONN& AMES, (Chatham Village,) (Isaac Sqnn and John Ames,) vaper mills. SONN, ISAAC, (Chatham Village,) (Sonn <6 Ames,) fanner 198. 208 CBATRAM. SONN, ISAAC H., (Chatham Village,) asst. foreman iu paper mill. Southerland, Samael, (North Chatham,) far- mer 100. Spath, Joseph, (Chatham Center,) farmer 43. Squier, Joel Eev., (Chatham Center,) re- tired. STAATS, ALBERT, (Chatham Village,) farmer 180. Stanley, John, (Maiden Bridge,) carriage Btarka, A. H., (Chatham Villajje,) farmer IS. Statts, Jonas E., (Chatham Village,) farmer leasee of Lorenzo Gifford, 175. Sterne, S. K. Mrs., (Chatham Village,) far- mers. STEENE, WM. G., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 20. Steveneon, Wm., (North Chatham,) farmer STEVES, E. J., (North Chatham,) carpen- ter. STEWART BROS., (Chatham Village,) (Wm., Marks and TAos.,) grist, saw and plaster mills. STEWART, MARKS, (Chatham Village,) (Stewart jBroB.,) carpenter and hnilder. STEWART, THOS., (Chatham Village,) (Stewart Bros.,) bridge builder and building mover. STEWART, WM., (Chatham Village,) (Stewart Bros.) STEWART, W. D., (Chatham Village,) far- mer 200. Stickles, Jacob, (Chatham,) farmer 60. STREVER, WM. H., (Chatham Village,) stone and brick mason and farmer 54. Sutherad, David, (East Chatham,) farmer 7. Sutherland, Delos, (Chathain Village,) pub- lisher and farmer 125. Sutherland, Geo. M. D., (Chatham Village,) farmer 100. ' Sutherland, James, (Chatham Village,) far- mer 130. Sutherland, Milton, (Chatham Center,) far- mer 120. Tanner, Ann Mrs.. (Chatham,) farmer 40. TETHERLY, WM., (New Concord,) fte^co painter and farmer 75. Thomas, Elijah, (Chatham Village,) retired farmer 4. Thomas, Moses, (Chatham Center,) jnstice of the peace and farmer ]18)f . THOMAS, NATHAN H., (Chatham Vil- lage,) farmer 60. THOMAS, WM., (Chatham Village,) farmer 187. Thompson, Alex., (Chatham,) resident. ifeS?!""' Amsey (Chatham,) carpenter. THOMPSON, ELIJAH G., (Chatham,) car- penter. Thompson, HartweU, (East Chatham,) ma- sou and farmer. Thompson, Jonah, (East Chatham,) (with Sarah,) farmer 40.- Thompson, Ralph R., (Chatham Village ) mason and farmer 50. Thompson, Sarah, (East Chatham,) (with Jonah,) farmer 40. Thorn, Wm. K., (Rider's Mills Station,) re- tired farmer. Thorn, Wm. N., (Rider's Mills Station,) far- mer 100. Thornbnrger, Loomis, (Eider's Mills,) far- mer leases 150. Tompkins, Andrew, (Chatham,) farmer 60. TOMPKINS, CHAS., (Chatham Village,) paper mill and fanner 130. TOMPKINS, L. ADELIA Mbs., (Chatham Village.) farmer 175. TOMPKINS, MILTON M., (Chatham Vil- lage,) supervisor, prop, paper and saw mills, and farmer 175. Traver, Aaron, (North Chatham,) general merchant and post master. Tye, John, (Maiden Bridge,) blacksmith. Van Alen, Abraham, (Maiden Bridge,) supt. of Peter's farm. Vanalen, Henry, (Chatham Center,) Jirmer S,NA] VAN ALBN, PETER, (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 158. Van Alen, Philip, (Chatham Village,) far- mer 1. Van Alkenburgh, H., (Maiden Bridge,) farmer 200. Van Alstine, Abraham, (Chatham Center,) farmer 130. Van Alstyne, A. H., (Chatham,) farmer 800. ♦VAN ALBTYNB, ANDREW, (Chatham Center,) general merchant and post master. Van Alstyne, Isaac L., (Chatham Center,) blacksmith. Van Alstyne, L., (North Chatham,) farmer Van Alstyne, Richard, (Chatham Center,) retired blacksmith. Van Alstyne, Wm., (Chatham Center,) far- mer 16. VANDERBURGH, OSCAR, (Chatham Vil- lage,) farmer 76. Van Dusen, Wm., (East Chatham,) farmer 123 VAN HOESBN, C. D., (Maiden Bridge,) hotel prop., auctioneer, speculator and real estate dealer. Van Hoesen, Warner, (Chatham Center,) farmer 135. Van Husen, Warner, (Chatham Center,) farmer 130. Van Ness, Francis, (Chatham Center,) as- sessor and farmer 165. VAN SLTCK, AAEON Q., (Chatham,) firmer leases 150. Van Slyck, Elbert O., (Chatham Center,) farmer. Van Slyck, Peter P., (Chatham Center,) farmer 100. Van Slyck, Wm., (Chatham,) farmer 284. Van Slyck, Wm., (Chatham,) farmer 150. Van Slyck, Wm. D., (Chatham,) school teacher and farmer. Van Vakenburgh, Lydia, (Chatham,) far- mer 1. VAN VALKENBtlRGH, G. W., (Chat- bam,) general dealer and farmer 119. Van Valkenburgh, John J., (Chatham Cen- ter,) farmer 600. Van Volburgh, John J., 2d, (New Con- cord,) butcher. Van Volkenburgh, James G., (Chatham Center,) farmer. Van Volkenburgh, Lorenzo, (Chatham,) farmer 100. Vedder. N., (Maiden Bridge,) (Smith Shufelt, J. D., snpt. MeBlck's.^aper mills. •BIMPBON,:HiTJ. 4CO., (a. L, Morris,) glove and mitten manufs., B.B. Ave- ntie. ■ ■ • > ' •SMXTP, CHA8.,in»ible, works, comer ' Anete>litew|d|t.B; Avenue. Smith, '■ — , (jPfe* dk/S^Mth.) STASWIX HAtL, B. W. Beach & Son, Srops., Jivery atoble attached. • B, D. L., boots and shoes, Main. Swab Bros., (John, Peter and Martin,) car- riage makers, Main. Swab, John, (Swab Bros.) Swab, Martin, (Swab Brot.) Swab, Peter, (Swab Bros.) Sweeney, M., Baloon, Mam. *TEN BROECK, W. H., dry goods, groce- I'iee, crockery, oil cloths, notions &c. TOMPKINS, A., rrompUnt S Doty.) ♦TOMPKINS & DOTY, (A. TompUne and C. Jjoty,) harness makers, Park Row. ♦TRACY, DELIA E. MisB, millinery and fancy goods, School. *TRAVER & BELL, (James E. Traver and Chas. U. 5tf/^)ffeneral merchants. Main. TRAVER, JAMES E., (Traver & BeU.) Traver, John B., groceries, provisions and hardware. Main. Travor, S., (Tramr & YiaXker.) Travor & Walker, (S. Travor and L. B. WedJcer,) groceries and provisions. Main. Tripp & Cramp, (E. C. Tripp and John Cramp,) oyster saloon. Main. Tripp, E. C. (Tripp & Cramp.) •TYLER, FRANKLIN W., confectionery and bowling saloon, also dealer in stovepipe shelfs.- TYLBR, L. A., (Hamm <& Tyler.) UNION HOUSE. Main, Alex. Hoes, prop. •UNIOM STORK, dry poods, groceries, crockery &c., Hamm & Tylier, props. VAN ALBN, ABRAM, hair dresser and saloon. Park Row. VAN BURBN, JOHN, grain, flour, feed, coal, salt, tea, coffee &c., Park Row, opposite Depot. VAN DEUSBN, MARtaN A., (Clark <£ Van Deusen.) Van Deusen, N. C, carman in New York. Van Deusen, S., pork packer. Van Deusen, 8. & Co., (C. W. Cometim,) pork packers. Main. •VINCENT, O. P. & CO., (A. Ashley, Jr.,) furniture dealers. Vosburgh, Geo. W., resident. Walker, John S., drover and farmer 70. Walker, L. E., (Ih-avor & Walker.] Walling, Henry L., carpenter and builder. Spring. Wheeler, John T., reading room. Town Hall. Williams, M. B., farmer 30. Wing, John, retired. WOODBRIDGE, W. A. & CO., bankers, Columbia Bank, Kinderhook St. W00LHI3ER, J. H., (Canfkld & V/ool- hiser.) Wrieht, E., jewelry and sewing machines, Main. Wyland, Oscar, house and sign painter. Main. (Ppst Office Addresses in Parentheses.) AKIN, NELSON P., (Philmont,) prop, of Philmonl Hosiery Mill. AKIN, ROBERT, (Hudson,) manuf. of merino shirts and drawers. ALLEN, JOHN, (Martindale Depot,) far- mer 134. ANDERSON, ABEAM, (HoUowville,) far- mer. ANDERSON, HENRY Q., heirs of, (Hol- lowville,) (Mrs. Hannah, Abram, Al- bert, Martin and Emma,) farmers 317. Anderson, Peter I., (HoUowville,) manuf. of grain cradles, also carpenter and wheelwright. ANDERSON, PETER S., (HoUowville,) farmer leases of Samnel, 130. ANDERSON, SAMUEL, (HoUowville,) far- mer seo. Bame, W. Henre (Hudson,) farmer 125. BARTLETT. (5E0RGB, (Claverack,) far- mer leases of F. N. and Peter Mesick, 200. ' BARTON, S. K. & S. G., (Philmont,) (Stephen K. and Solomon ff.,) props. Highland Grist Mill and Saw Mill, and farmers 100. BARTON, SOLOMON Q., (PhUmont,) (S. K. & a. O. Barton.) BARTON, STEPHEN K., (Philmont,) (S. K. & S. a. Barton.) BASHFORD, JAMES, (HollowviUe,) far- mer 180. Becker, John, (Claverack,) farmer leases of John Mesick, 75. BEBBE, ALANSON B., (Philmont,) car- penter. Behnitt, Robert, (HoUowville,) carpenter. BEST, EDWARD A., (Hudson,) (with John Sharp,) farmer 101. Best, John F., (Churchtown,) farmer 124. Bidwell, Daniel, (Mellenville,) farmer 407. BLASS, JONAS, (MeUenviUe,) farmer leas- es 150. Bortle, Richard, (Churchtown,) farmer 22 BOHTLE, WILLIAM, (Phllaiont,) farm 85. famer BOUCHBE, ALLEN, (Martindale Depot.) agent National Express Co., and sta- tion agent N. Y. & H. R. E. Boucher, Ambrose, (Claverack,) farmer leases of Alonzo Flack, 143. Brusnahan, John, rPhilmont,) farmer 17. BUNCB, MATTHIAS, (Claverack,) farmer leases of Alonzo Flack, 46. CALL, CHARLES, (Martindale Depot.) far- mer 142. CLAYEBACK. 213 CALLKNDBE, LBHOT K., (Pliilmont,) bar- ber and ladies' hair dreBBee: CAMBKON, JOHN M., (HoUowvUle,) far- mer 200. Chaue, Wm., (Claverack,) farmer 6. CLAPPER, HENRY H., (HoUowvUle,) far- mfir 180. CLAVERACK COLLEGE AND HtTDSON ETVER INSTITUTE, (Claverack,) Rev. Alonzo Flack, A. M., priucipal. Clnm, Cornelius M., .(Pnilmont,) farmer IcaBcs of Wra. Clam, 75. CLUM, EDWARD, (HoUovfviUe,) farmer 1B8. Clam, Qeorge B., /HoUowrillc,) farmer 3. Clam, Wllliani, (Philmont,) farmer 230. COLE, GfiORGEF,, ' (Claverack,) school teacher. Cole, John H., (Claverack,) phjrBician and farmer 17. COLE, WILLIAM J., (Mellenvllle,) far- mer 1. Colgrove, John S., (Claverack,) grocery and variety store. Colvill, Charles, (Claverack.) blacksmith. CONKLIN, JOHN, (Martlndale Depot,) far- mer 200. Cook, Frederick J., (HndBon,) shoemaker. Cookingbam, John H., (Churchtown,) far- mer 326. Cookingham, Peter P., (Chiirchtown,) far- mer leases of John £C. Cookingham, 159. COVENTRY, CHARLES, (Mellenvllle,) {with Mdward,) hop raiser and farmer 148. COVENTRY, EDWARD, (Mellenvllle,) (with Charles,) hop raiser and farmer 14S. / , . ■; Cramer, John, (Mellenvllle,) farmer 4. Crcgo, David, (Clavtsrack,) farmer 218. Damm, John, (Mellenvllle,) farmer 40. DANIELS, ASHBEL C, (MellenviUe,) dai- ryman and farmer 83. SECKER, JAMBS, (Claverack,) farmer works 30. , T L DECKER, PBTERK,, (5ollov?ville,) farmer 5 anU leases of TobiUB Esselstyn, 206. "Decker, Rensselaer, (Chnriflitown,) post master and prop, of Union Hotel. Decker, Robert, (Martindale Depot,) firmer 150. ' Decker, Robert, (Claverack,) retired far- mer. DECKER, WILLIAM, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 180. Demarest, Edward L., (Hudson,) farmer 107. Demarest, John H., (Hndson.) farmer 93. DINEGAR, PKTKR H,, (Philmont,) prop, of Vanderbilt House. Drowne, Mary B., (Claverack,) teacher. Danbar, George, N. and P. Mesick, 150. , Jordan, William A., (Hudson,) flour, feed and grain merchant, Hudson, and far- mer 63. Kenyon, John, (Mellenville,) farmer 3. Eipp, Peter H., (Philmont,) farmer leases ■ of John P'. Klpp, 100. KISSELBUEGH, TUNIS, (Hudson,) far- mer 44. La Monte, Thomas Bev., (Claverack,) pas- tor M.E. Church. Landon, A. M. Mrs., (Philmont,) miUiner. LASHEE, AUGUSTUS W., (Claverack,) carriage and sleigh maniu. and town clerk. Lasher, Leonard, (MeUenvUle,) carriage maker. Lawrence, Henry, (Claverack,) prop, of hotel. LINK, HENET, (HoUowTille,) dealer in dry goods, groceries, hardware, crock- ery, boots, Buoes, Yankee notions, &c., at Snydertown, 3 miles south of Hol- lowvllle, also farmers. LOCKWOOD, JOEDAN W., (Philmont,) physician and surgeon. LOCKWOOD, SILVAN, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 266. LOOS, JOHN N., (Hudson,) wagon and carriage manuf. and^ painter. Brick Tavern. Ludlow, Gouverneur, (Claverack,) {with Michard,) farmer 96. Ludldw, Eichard,(CIaverack,) (with Oouver- neur^ farmer 96. - LTNK, STEPHEN W., (Philmont,) (.toith Josephus ShuttSj) farmer 130. Mambert, H. V., (HoUowville,) butcher. MARTIN, ABEAM, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 230. Martin, Ambrose, (HoUowville,) farmer 279. Martin, Milton, (Hudson,) .prop, steamboat City of Hudson and farmer 130. McCarty, Thomas, (PhUmont,) farmer 8. McCoy, Francis, (HoUowville,) blacksmith and horse shoeing. McCoy, WUliam, (HoTlowvlUe,) farmer 12. MoJury, John, (Hudson,) (wtSA William B. ffmAamJdairyman and farmer 70. McKittrick, William, (Hudson,) farmer 100. MEEBIPIELD, PETEE W., (Claverack,) farmer leases of W. W. Merrifield, 259. MEERIFIBLD, WALTER W., (Claverack,) farmer 619. MEEEILL, I. W., (Philinont,) draftsman. MESICK, ABRAM J., (Claverack,) &rmer 185. Mesick, Frederick N., (Claverack,) {with Peter.) farmer 700. Mesick, Hattie and Mary, (Claverack,) far- mers 50. Mesick, Jacob, ^oUowville,) qarpenter. Mesick, John, (Claverack,) farmer 200. Mesick, Peter, (Claverack,) (with Frederick N.,) farmer 700. ■ » • MESICK. EICHAED H., (Mellenjrille,) phy- sician and surgeon. MICHAEL, ANTHONY C, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 166. iMlchael, Edward, (HoUowville,) farmer leas- . . e? of Eliza Hprnfager, 142. . Michael, John L., (HoUowville,) farmer Z}i. Michael, Mill^i;, 'n(phurchtown,) general merchant. MILHAM,HENEY S., (piaverack,) farmer MILLER, ALLEN S., (Claverack,) farmer 183. Miller, Almon, (Mellenville,) farmer leases 181 Miller, Christina, (HolIowviUe,) (with Mn. Eliza White,) farmer 185. Miller, Christopher »., (Mellenville,) farmer 633. Miller, Cornelias I., (Clayeraok,) (wWA Wm. B.,) farmer 156. Miller, Daniel, (Hamphreysville,) farmer 40. Miller, Ezra M., (Claveraok,) butcher. MILLEE, FRANKLIN E., (Claveraok,) far- mer 105. Miller, Freeman, (Churchtown,) general merchant. MILLER, FREDERICK S., (Mellenville,) farmer 138. MILLER, FRIEND, (Claveraok,) farmer 147. Miller, Gabriel, (Claveraok,) farmer 128. MILLEE, HARMON, (Claveraok,) farmer 113. MILLER, HBNET C, heirs of, (HolIow- viUe,) (Mrs. Mary, Robert H. and Lib- He,) farmers 175. MILLER, JACOB C, (Martindale Depot,) prop, of Matlndale Hotel, one mile east of Martindale Depot. Miller, Jacob W., (Hamphreysville,) farmer 125. Miller, James, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 40. Miller, James C, (Martindale Depot,) {John Miller f. PrLVBH, ALBERT, (MellenvlUe,) prop. Union Hotel. Palver, Andrew M., (Claverack,) termer PULVER. HENRY P., (Mellenville,) prop, ol Fulvec'e hay preaeand farmer 160. Pulver, John J., (MellenTille,) {aimer leases of M. Horton, 100. PULVER, PETER S., {OlaTerack,) prop, of the Red Mills, floarlng and plaster, sn- . pervisordf town and farmer 110. Race, Jeremiah, (Clarerack,) fitrmer 10. Race, William H., (Phllmont,) shoemaker. Raught, Grovner, (Charchtown,) farmer leases of K. Vosbarg, 167. ' Raught, John, (HolIowviUe,) farmer leases of Samncl Anderson, 130. RUD MILLS, (Claverack,) flouring and plas- . ter, Peter S. Palver, prop. Reed, Frank, (Claverack,) farmer leases of Alonzo Flack, 11. RICHARPSON, LOUIS, (Claverack,) oar. riage, sleigh and ornamental painter. Risedorph, Henr/, (Claverack,) wagon ma- 4 ker and repairer. Robinson, James, (Ohnrchtown,) hotel prop. RooKfefier, Peter, (HoUowvllle,) farmer lyi. Rodmuker, J. W., (Martindale Depot,) far- mer 9. ROGERS, QBOEGK C, (Mellenville,) fore- man Pbilmont Paper Mill. Rogers, Harper W., (Mellenville,) prop. Philmont Paper Mill, office Columbia St., Hudson^ I Root, Chiirles, (Olaverack,) assistant post master. ROSENBERG, JACOB A. Rev., (Hudson,) pastor of St. Thomas Evangelical Lu- theran Church, Hudson, residence Churchtown. Rossmau, Jacob, (Chnrchtown,) saw mill and farmer Bl. R0S8MAK, RICHARD, (OlaTerack,) far- • mer 845. ROSSMAN, ROBBBT W^ (Claverack,) far^ mer leases of W. W. Mewlfleld, 180. Rote, Conrad, ^olloTvIlleJMoeihaker. Rote, Henry, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 308. Rowe, Catharine M:rg., (Chnrchtown,) far- mer 5. Rowe, Hen^ I., (HollowrUIe,) grist mill. ROWE, PETBB H., (Chnrchtown,) firmer S80 ROWLEf, JOSjK hMrs of, (Claverack,) (Jft->. jr. J., Jokit, Sdward and Ar- ttor,) farmers 260. . ■_ SAGKNDORPH, BARMAN, (Mellenville,) farmer 1T7. Sagendorph^Harman D., (Mellenville,) far- mer 137. SAGENDORPH, JAMES, (Hudson,) hop raiser and farmer 78. 8AGEND0RPS, JBBEMIAH H., (Hud- son,) farmer 50. ' Sagendorph, Jolin, (Hndson,) hop raiser and farmer 17S. Sagendorph, John L., (Hudson,) farmer 70. Sagendorph, Nathan, (Hudson,) clothier at Hudson, and farmer 37. SAGENDORPH, NJELSON, (Hudson,) far- mer 183. SAGENDORPH, PETER B., (OUverack,) farmer 140. Sagendorph, William, (Hudson,) farmer Saunders, Benjamin, (Claverack,) market gardener and farmer 40. SAWYJIR, CHARLES R, (Martindale Depot,) carpenter and farmer 17^. Bchenk^ Jacob, (Melleaville,) shoemaker. Sclinell, liorelizo, (Philmont,) farmer leases of Oeo%e Traver, 300. Scl^rajler, Frederick, (Mellenville,) farmer 131. Schuitz, Jolm, (Martindale Depot,) farmer leases of Jeremiah Stever, 204. SBSRING, A. J. Rbv., (Mellenville,) pastor of Second Reformed Church, Clavurack. SHARP, JOHN, (Claverack,) (willi JSdward . A. Bat,\ farmer 101. Shelden, Abram; (Claverack,) machinist. Shufelt, John I., (MeilenvlUe,) farmer ISO. Shttit, William, (Mellenville,) carpenter and farmer 6. SUnltis, Jacob, (Hollovrville,) shoe maker. Shnlts, John A., (Claverack,) farmer 42. Shultue, «ames, (Martindale Depot,) farmer leases of Edward L. Van De Boe, 300. Bhntts, Chester, (Uollowville,) farmer leas- es of Geo. L. Miller, 200. SHUTTS, GARNER, (Claverack,) farmer leasee'Df e. S. Miller, 170. Shntts, John, (Philmont,) farmer 113. SHUTTS; ■ JOSEPHUS, (Philmont,) (with SUphm FT. i!(»*,)rarmer 130. SHUTTS, PETER, (Humphreysvllle,) far- mer 191. Silvernail, Willialh, (Claverack,) farmer leases of F. N. and Peter Meslck, 200. SIMMON, CHARLES, (Philmont,) dealer in dry goods, groceries and notions. SIMMON, BDGAR P., (Phihnont,) (R. 3. Simmon <£ Son.) SIMMON, RICHARD S.^ (PhUmont,) (,B. S. Simmon & Son.) SIMMON, R. S. & SON, (Philmont,) {Rich- ard S. and Edgaf P..) contractors and builders, props, castom and flouring mill. Simmons, John W., (HollowTille,) firmer leases ofC. Miller andS. White, 146. 8IPPERLET, LEWIS H., (Hudson,) firmer 13S. Sipperley, William, (Hndson,) farmer 100. Smith, Bei^amin A., (Hudson,) farmer 10. Smith, Jacob, (Martiadal» Depot,) farmer .15. . > Smith, Jacob, (Hudson,) farmer 63. SMITH, JOHN P., (Claverack,) mannf. of threshing machines and horse powers. Smith, Leonard, (Mellenville,) foreman Wil- liam Smith'B_pBper mill. Smith, Thomas S,, iHadaon,) funier 10. Smith, Welnter, phihnont,) foreman Ells- worth Machine Works. SMITH, WILLIAM, (MeUenvIUe,) manuf. of straw ijrrapplng BU>er, agent for Mi- amt Felt ManhlictariDg Co., and {with BenrySmith,) farmer ^5. SMITH, -WILLIAM S., (HoBowTillei)i>rop. of the Ezcelinor Grist, S'eea and Fiour- ing Mill, and Plaster Mill, also farmer sel; 218 COZUMBM COUNTT BUSINESS DIBBOTOBT. JNO. F. atSWORTH, MANUFACTUEEE 01" AND THE m WM WW PHILMONT, N. Y. ®e ll. M©1RII ^?) DEALER IN ) HARDWARE Iron and Stoves. A Complete Asiortment of h PiiLOi iTi¥iS AXLES AND SPRINGS, Ullillll^ n «»w«» OH-A.THAM: VILLAGE, IV. Y. CLA7ERACK. 219 SNYDER, JOHN S., (Hadeon,) farmer leas- es of Jghn Carrie, 175. SNYDBH, LEVI, (Hollowville,) farmer 148 and leases of Wm. M. Miller, 240. Snyder, L. & M. B.,(Philmont,)(i07-enzoB. aiid Martin B.,) general merchants. Snyder, Lorenzo B., (Phllmont,) (i. cfc M. 3. Snyder,) Snyder, Marshall and Richard, (HoUow- Tille,) hotel proprietors. Snyder, Martin B., (Phllmont,) (i. <6 M. B. Snyder.) Sours, Henry, (Chnrchtown,) farmer. SOURS, SAMUEL, (Churchtown,) mannf. of carriages, buggies, wa?ons, sleighs and cutters, repairing neatly done, aleo farmer 33. Southard, Oeorge, (MellenvlUe,) (Southard S Groat.) Southard & Groat, (MellenviUe,) (Oeorge Southard and . William A. Qroal,) general merchants. Spade, Thomas, (Msrtlndale Depot,) car- penter. Speed, John H., (Hoaiowville,) farmer 10. Stever, Jeremiah. (Phllmont,) Armer 423. STEVER, NELSON, (Phllmont,) former , 85. STICKELS, JOHN, (Churchtown,) carriage ironing, horse-shoeing and blacksmlth- STIcikLS, WHITING, (Chnrchtown,>far- merl54. Stickles, Andrew, (Clayerack,) farmer leas- es of Carlos Hammond, 140: STICKLES, HENRY H., (Hollowville,) farmer 136. 9TUDLEY, PLBBIDGE G., (Claverack,) Justice of the peace, prop, of fruit and ornamental tree nursery, and breeder of fancy fowls. Studley, J. J., (Claverack,) station agent. STUPPLEBEEN, JACOB, (MellenviUe,) farmer 130. STUPPLEBEEN, MARTIN H., (Church- town,) farmer S44. Swertfager, John H., (Claverack,) foreman Bmublican office, Hudson, and former 181. TANNER, MOBRia, (HoUowvUle,) shoe- maker and farmer 18. Tator, Jacob, (MellenvUle,) fanner 74. TATOR, JEREMIAH, (Mellenville,) for- mer 116. TATOR, JEREMIAH, Jn., (MellenviUe,) farmer leases 169. TATOR, JOHN H., (CUkVeiaok,) former 94. Tenbroeck, Jacob 8., (MeUenviUe,) carpen- ter and farmer 6. TIPPLE, MARTIN L., (HoUowville,) far- mer 200. TOBIAS, GEORGE, (Philmont,) mannf. of straw wrapping paper and farmer 45. TomUnson, George B., (Claverack,) farmer- 121. Traver, George A., (Phllmont,) farmer 120. Tally, Michael, (Martindale Depot,) former 12. V-- TULLY, PATRICK, (Martindale Depot,) farmer'25. UNION HOTEL, (HoUowviUe,) C. W. Hagamanj)rop. UNION HOTEL, (MeUenville,) Albert Pal- ver, prop. Van De Boe, Charles E., (Claverack,) far- mer lljf . Van De Boe, Edward L., ((31averack,) Jus- tice of the peace and farmer 410. Van De Boe, Jacob, (Martindale Depot,) farmer 164. Van De Boe, Lucretia, (Claverack,) farmer 13. VANDERBILT HOUSE, (Philmont,) Peter H. Dinegar, prop. VAHDERPOEL, GEORGE, (MellenviUe,) carriage and sleigh painter, opposite Depot. ■ VAN DBUSBN, ABRAM E., M. D., (Clave- rack,) physician and sni^eon. VAK DBlfSEN, CORNELIUS C, (Clave- rack,) general blacksmith. VAN DEUSBN, DANIEL, (Martindale Depot,) (with Merwin,) farmer 833. VAN DEUSEN, HENRY, (Hollowville,) farmer 90 and leases f^om heirs of Peter Boucher, 135. VAN DEUSEN, MERWIN, (Martindale ■ Depot,) (with Daniel,) farmer 338. Van Deasen, Tobias B., (Claverack,) farmer 115. VAN DYCK, GEORGE A., (HoUowviUe,) farmer 227. Van Rensselaer, Aler. H., (Hnmpbreys- ville,) farmer 175. VAN RENSSELAER, HENRY H., (Hud- son,) (with Jacob F.,) farmer 184. VAN RENSSELAER, JACOB F., (Hud- son,) (with Henry H.,) farmer 184. Van Rensselaer, 8. V. C, (HumphreysvlUe,) farmer leases of John C. Everts, 127. Vantassell, Edward C, (MellenviUe,) can- dies and cigars. Van Vleck, Jacob, (HnmphreysviUe,) for- mer 80. Van Wyck, Eliza Mrs., (Claverack,) former 30. Waggoner, Nelson, (HoHowvHIe,) farmer 8. Waltermire, George, (Philmont,) firmer 49. Weaver, AndreWi(Had80n,) farmer 137. *WEBB,ALBXAJ(WW^. Flass, Adam H., (Clermont,) carpenter and farmer 2. PLATNER, RENSSELAER, M. D., (Cler- mont,) physician and surgeon, and far- mer 115. Potts, Abram, (Clermont,) general mer- chant. Potts, Alex. Mrs., (Tivoli, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 100. POTTS, JOHN A., (Clermont,) farmer leas- es of E. H. Ludlow, 109. POTTS, JONAS, (Clermont.) farmer lSO}i- POTTS, PETER, (Tivoli, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 167. POTTS, PHILIP H., (Tivoli, Dutchess Co..) farmer 261X- POUCHBR, JAMES, (Blue Store,) farmer 110. Poucher.John A., (Clermont,) farmer 30. Proper, Wm., (Clermont,) farmer 6. Rlfenburgh, C. B. Mrs., (Clermont,) dress maker. *BIFENBUBGH, HORACE J., (Clermont,) carriage trimmer, harness maker and 'mannf. of the celebrated Scotch and Improved Cain-top Collars. BIFENBURQH, JOHN H., (Clermont,) fruit grower and farmer 6^. Rlfenburgh, Mary Mrs., (Clermont,) farmer 6. EIFENBURGH, NELSON, (Germantown,) farmer 50. Eifenbnrgh, Peter, (Clermont,) butcher. Rlfenburgh, Wm. G., (Clermont,) farmer 6. Riphenburgh, Anson A., (Clermont,) car- penter and farmer 13. BIPHENBUEBH MAETIN, (Tivoli, Dutchess Co.,) Ihrmer leases of Cler- mont Livingston, 100. Riphenburgh, Morgan, (Germantown,) far- mer leases 98. EIVENBURQH, MARTIN, (Clermont,) wagon and carriage maker, general blacksmith and farmer 8, two miles south of Clermont village. Bivenbnrgh, Norman, (Clermont,) farmer 3. EOCKEraLLEE, AMBROSE, (German- town,) farmer 144. Rockefeller, Gilbert, (Clermont,) (Jiocke/el- ler <& Stoats,) farmer 166. EOCKEFBLLEE, HENRY L„ heirs of, (Clermont,) farmer 152. ROCKEFELLER, JOHN A., (Clermont,) farmer 200. EOCKBFELLEE, MILLAED, (Clermont,) farmer. Bockefeller, Wm. H., (Clermont,) farmer leases of Mrs. L. Clarkson, 228. Bowe, W. S. Eev., (Clermont,) rector of St. Luke's Church. Seism, George, (Clermont,) mason, carpen- ter and iSrmer 6)^. Selkirk, Lewis McM., (Madalin, Dutchess Co.,) fkrmer leases of Malinda Potts, 150. SHIETS, JOSEPH, (Clermont,) justice of the peace and IT. S. mail contractor. Smith, Philip, (Germantown,) farmer leases 91. Smith, Philip P., (Germantown,) farmer leases of E. H. Ludlow, New York, 250. Smith, Wm. H., (Madalin, Dutchess Co.,) farmer lUa. Smith, Wm. Henry, Jr., (Clermont,) farmer 80. Stall, Aaron W., (Clermont,) (with Philip i.,) farmer 21. STALL, HENEY, (Clermont,) farmer 119. Stall, Norman M. , (Clermont,) farmer leases of Mrs. L. Clarkson, 111. StalK Philip L., (Clermont,) (with Aaron >r.,) farmer 31. STALL, SALLY M. Mrs., (Clermont,) es- tate of John I. Steele, farmer 144, 232 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUaiNE83 DIBECTOBY. ■ CliGRHOlVT, ST. Y., CARRIAGETRIMMER 1 jind Manufacturer of the Cele- brated SCOTCH IMPROVED Cane -Top Collars! Persons sending orders with Size, by Mail, can have their Morses perfectly fitted. DENEGAR & USHER. m JVear the Ziutheran Church, Rosewood & Black Walnut Caskets, Coffins, 8hronds, &c., furnished at short notice. ^~ Hearse Connected -w^ltlx tlie Suslness. OLEBMONT- COPAKE. 223 TiDklepangh, Edward L., (Clermont,) cap- taiij Bieacasljip South America and ter- mer 40. Toland, Henry, (Clermont,) farmer 200. WASHBUEN, EOBEKT, (blermont,) ( WasMum > .< ,/ Whitbeck, Henry J., (Craryville,) retired. Whitbeck, Stephen, (Craryville,) farmer works farm of Mrs. Elizabeth Whit- beck 92 WHITE,' C. A., (Craryville,) harness maker. Wichmann, Henry, (Copake,) harness maker and carriage trimmer. WILKINSON, ADAM B.,.,(We8t Copake,) wagon maker. Williams, Aaron, (Hillsdale,) carpenter. WILLIAMS, ALBERT, (Craryville,) far- mer 261. Williams, Ambrose, (Copake,) farmer 10. Williams, Ambrose L., (IJraryville,) farmer 80. Williams, Cornelins, (Hillsdale,) farmer Williams, Daniel, (Hills^dale,) farmer 823.^ Williams, Daniel L., (West Copake.) llir- mer 100. Williams, Grovenot, (Copake,) farmer 8. Williams, Hannah Mrs., (Craryville.) resi- dent. Williams, James, (Craryville.) hpuse paint- er and carpenter. Williams, John Jn, (Craryville,) (with John C.,) farmer 196. Williams, John C, (Craryville,) (ailiA John, Jr.,) farmer 196. .« Williams, Louisa Mrs., (Hillsdale,) Carmer Williams, 8. 1., fOraryvlUe,) farmer260. Williams, Ward, (Hillsdale,) (with itT». Louim mtltatm,) farmer. Williams, Wesley S., (Copake,) farm la- borer* COP ARE- GALL A TIS. 229 Wilsey , Peter,{West Copake,) farmer leases 116. Wllsey, Zachariah, (West Copake,) farmer 208. Wolcott, John, (Copake,) farm laborer. WOLCOTT, PETBK,(Copake Iron Works,) farmer 228. Wolcott, Spencer T., (Copake,) farmer leases 150. Wolcottt Sylvester, (Hillsdale,) farmer leases 175. Wolcott, Thomas, (Hillsdale,) laborer. Wolcott, Warden, (Copake,) &rm laborer. WEIGHT, WM., (Copake Iron Works,) general mercliant, justice of the peace, post master and fiirmer 1200. Wright, Wm. Jr., (Copake Iron Works,) clerk. Tonug, John M., (West Copake,) farmer 19. (Post Office Addresses in Parentheses.) BATHBICK, HARMON, (Jackson Cor- ners, Dutchess Co.,) farmer yo. Bathrick, Henry A., (Jackson Corners, Butchess Co.,) farmer 8. Bathrick, Jacob, (Jackson Comers, Dutch- ess Co.,) farmer 1^. Bathrick, Jeremiah, (Jackson Comers, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 170. Bathrick, John ?., (Jackson Corners, Dutchess Co.,)\farmer 14. Bathrick, John W., (Jackson Comers, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 275. BATHRICK, WILLIAM, (Jackson Cor- ners, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 114, Benton, Peter. (Liviii^Bton,) farmer 82. BOSWILL, BENJAMIN, (Gallatinville,) house and carriage painter. BRENZEL, WM., (QaUatioTilte,) farmer 194. BUKRMANN, HENRY, (Gallatinville,) miller. Burger, Andrew, {Gallatinville,) farmer 150. Carle, Janms, (Aiicrum,) farmer 159. COONS, ANDREW S., (Gallatinville,) far- mer 176. COONS, HENRY W., (Jackson Comers, Dutchess Co.,) carpenter and joiner. Coons, Herman, (Gallatinville,) farmer 167. Coons, \Philip H., (Gallat,lnville,) farmer leases of Philip H. Turner, 170. C0U8E, HENRY, (Livingston,) rarmerl84. Crispenue, Frederick, (Ganglinyille,) black- smith. Decker, Abram, (Gallatinville,) farmer 160. Decker, John Jr., (GallatinTUIe,) farmer 120. Decker, John L., (Ancram,) farmer 93. DECKER, PETER A., (Gallatinville.) DECKER, ROBERT A., (KlizavJlle,) car- peuter andijoiner and f^rmef 177. Decker, Washington, (West Taghkanick,) farmer 140. Duntz, Jacob H., (West Taghkanick,) far- mer 222. Duntz, John H„ fliivlngston,) farmer 617. DONTZ, MARpS, Jr., (Livingston,) far- mer 112. _ DUNT^S, JOHN H. JB., (West Taghka- nick,) farmer 166. Dyke, Wm., (ElizavlUe,) farmer 4. Dykeman, Caroline Mrs., (Elizavllle,) far- merge. Dykeman, Jacob, (Elizavllle,) shoemaker and farmer 2. Dykeman, Jacob N., (Elizavllle,) farmer 170. Dykeman, John, (£lizaville,) farmer 40. Dykeman, John W., (ElizaviUe,) farmer 55. EDELMAN, JACOB, (Gallatinville,) black- smith. ELKENBHRGH, WM., (I.lvlngston,) miller. Feltz, Philip, (Livingston,) fa - -• ■ ■lie,) ■ner 7. \wiih Jcuxib,') Finger, Adam, (Oallatinvil farmer 1.S9. Finger, Jacob, (Gallatinville,) (viiihAdam,) farmer 139. Finger, John, (Gallatinville,) farmer 149. Finger, Peter, (Gallatinville,) farmer 200. Finger, Wm., (Gallatinville,) farmer 98>f . FINGER, WM. H., (GallatinvUle,) faimer 151. Finkle, Benjamin, (Gallatinville,) farmer 150. FINKLE, WALTER D., (Gallatinville,) - farm laborer. Ford, John, (Elizavllle,) farmer 5. Gray, Robert, (Jackson Corners, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 160. Hagoner, Walter, (West Taghkanick,) car- penter. Ham, James, (West Taghkanick,) farmer SO. Ham, Peter P., (Fine Plains, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 159. HAM, SIMON P., (Gallatinville,) farmer 179. Ham, Wm., (Elizavllle,) farmer 2. Hapeman, Mary Mrs., (Elizavllle,) farmer 10. HEDGES, WM., (Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.,),farmer860. , HINSDALE, CHA8. A., (Gallatinville,) far- mer ISO. HINSDALE, MARTIN J., (Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.j) farmer 220. HINSDALE, ROBBBT H., (Gallatinville,) 1 farmer 263. 230 COLUMBIA OOUNTT BUSINESS DIBBCTOBT. BYRON PARKER, Gas and SteamTitter, And Practical Engineer, TSo. S 1 3 "Warren Street, HUDSON, N. Y. STIIAIII AND HAND VVTHIVS of ftll descriptions, put up and repaired at the BborteBt notice. Boilers set, connected and repaired, and all work in Steam and Gas Fitting done with punctuality and dispatch. DELIA E TRACT FMHIOI^aeLE MILLIiEiY AND School St., Chatham Four Corners, IS. Y. Ladies desiring Miltineiy and Pancy Goods, will fin^ it to their advantaffe to call on the advertiser. GILES J. BROWER, Saddle & Harness Maker, DEALER IX Trunks, Valises, WMps, &c,. No. 365i Warren Street, liuiDsoisr, isr.Y. BEPAIRINU done at short notice. All orders promptly attended to. FEED, SLTJYTEE, Carriage and Sleigh Maker, CHATHAM CENTER, Bf. Y. Att orders promptly attended to on the shortest notice. REPAIRING NEATI.Y DONB! AT REASONABI^E RATES. ' GALLATIN. 231 HINSDALB, WM. W., (GallatlnvlUe,) far- mer 162. HOLSAPPLE, NORTON, (Gallattaville,) farmer ITO. Honghtaling, Peter, (Jackson Comers, Untchess Co.,) fanner 8. Hoysradt, Diana Miss, (QallatinTiUe,) far- mer 120. HOTSRADT, FRANKLIN, (Gallatlnville,) carpenter and joiner, miller and Insur- ance agent. HOYSRADT, MILO, (Gallatimrllle,) farmer 160. HnlBopple, Isaac, (Ancram,) farmer 192. Ingals, £11, (Jackson Corners, Datcbess Co.,) farmer IX. INGLES, JOHN H., (Lmngston,) farmer B7. JOHNSON, CATHARINE Mbs., (Gallatln- ville,) farmer 42. Keeler, John, (GallatinTtUe,) farmer 140. Kellehouse, Stephen, (Livingston,) farmer 175. Eellerhoase, Jonas, (Ellzaville,) farmer leases of John Rose, 27. Klllmer, Abraham, (Ancram,) farmer 150. Kilmer, Alex., (Jackson Comers, Dutchess * Co.,) carpenter. KILMER, ALVIN, (GaUatinville,) farmer 160. Kilmer, Comelius, (Jackson Comers, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 16. Kilmer, Henry P., (Jackson Corners, Dutch- ess Co,,) farmer 157. Kilmer, Wm., (Jackson Corners, Dutchess Co^) farmer 8. King, Hosea, (GaUatinville,) farmer 25. Kisselrack, Peter, (Pine Plains, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 169. Knapp, Aaron, (Jackson Comers, Dutchess Co.,) farmer 260. Knlckerbacker, James, (GaUatinville,) far- mer 188. Knickerbocker, John, (Gallatmville,) car- penter and farmer 2. Lasner, Henry, (GaUatinville,) farmer 190. Lasher, Jacob, (GaUatinville,) farmer 126. Lasher, Peter, (GaUatinville,) farmer 225. LAWRENCE, JOSEPH, (Livingston,) far- mer 215. Leavy, John, (Livingston,) farmer 140. Loomis, Ebenezer, (Ancram,) farmer 212. Loomis, John, (GaUatinville,) farmer 156. Louck, Peter, (Ancram,) farmer 203. Lyle, Henry, (GaUatinville,) iiirmer 2. MAGLEY, CATHARINE Mrs., (Living- ston,) farmer 156. Miller, Daniel M., (Ancram,) farmer 41. Miller, Jacob, (West Taghkanick,) farmer 140. Miller, Jacob H., (Jackson Corners, Dutch- ess Go.,) farmer 32. Miller, Reuben, (Jackson Corners, Dutch- ess Co.,) farmer 160. MILLER farmer EfAKKlNGER, WM., (Germantown,) house carpenter and joiner, and farmer 6^. BECKER, ELIAS, (Grermantown,) (wilh Wm. 3. Dick.) fmit grower and farmer lai. Best, Levi, (Germantown,) boatman and farmer 22. B^st, TriimanR., (Germantown,) boatman ' and farmer 1. BODINB, G, D. W. Bet., (Germantown,) pastor Reformed Church. Brown, Peter, (Germantown,) farmer SX. Carr, Jacob, (Linlithgo,) boatman and far- mer 3. Claris, Qaoxge Rev., (Germantown,) pastor M. E. Church. Coon, Christopher, (Germantown,) specu- lator in flruit and fisherman, Coon, Erastns, (Germantown,) farmer 27. Coon, Henry, ((lermantown,) farmer 8. Coon, Philip A., (Germantown,) farmer 1 Jtf. Copn, Wm. H., (Germantown,) farnjerSOO. COONS, CHARLES, (Germantown,) fruit grower and farmer 118. Denegar, Hphraim, (Germantown,) wagon maker. ♦DBNEGAE & LASHEB, (Germanlowtt,) (Lewis Denegar and AlemsQ Lasker,) nndertakera, near Iintheran Church. DBNflGAlC, LEWIS, (Germantown,) (Denegar HOVER, ALEX. W., (Sermantown,) fruit grower Had. farmer IBS. Hover, Aadrtew, (Germaittown,) farmer fi}i. Hover, Chancey, (Germantown,) farmer 106. HOYEB, ERASTUS, (Secmantown,) (tciM John P.,)farm9r 70. Hov^e''' Geo. W., (QemumtDwn,) fhiit grow- er anarftirmei 6, Hover, Jr, 3>ir. -g-. Look for the Gal of the Period ! ,,^ji; J. ROSENTHAL, Proprietor, CPR & TOBACCO STORi, ATBOIiESALE AND RETAIIi, The Choicest Brands of CIGAES of all kinds constantly on hand. Also, all kinds of Tohacco, 8nnflr, Meerschaam and Clay Pipes, And eveiythlng pertaining to the trade. Oire as a Call. 163 Warren Street, Hudson, N. Y. Skinner & Sanford, 147 Warren Street, HUDSON, N. Y. Gentlemen desiring easy and ^lerfeot fitting Suits made from the best quality of Goods, in any desired style, will find it to their advantage to call on the adrertieers. HOTEK, MOSES, (Germantown,) farmer 23. *HOVER, EEUBEN, (Germantown,) sad- dle and harness maker and carriage trimmer. ■» Hover, Eomanzo W., (Germantown,) frait . grower and farmer 104. Hyde, Henry, (Germantown,) shoe maker and farmer 1. Kelso, Samuel, (Germantown,) farmer 3. Kline, Sylvester, (Germantown,) herry raiser and farmer 3. KNISEBRN, JOHN A., (Germantown,) Bupervisqr of town and dealer in dry goods, groceries, paints, oils, drags, medicines, crockery &c. KNISKEHN, JOSIAH, (Germantown,) far- mer 100, resides near Depot. Enowles, Chas. S., (Germantown,) agent for Nathan C. Jenkins, dealer In stoves and hardware. Lasher, Adam, (Germantown,) farmer 50. Lasher, Adam S., (Germantown,) farmer 1. Lasher, Albert, (Germantown,) larmer 1. LASHER, ALONZO, (Germantown,) {Den- egar £ Lasher,) sexton Lutheran Church. Lasher, Augustus L., (Germantown,) butcher. Lasher, Catharine M., (Germantown,) far- mer 1. LASHER, CONRAD G., ((Jermantown,) fruit grower and fiirmer 85. Lasher, David, (Gertnantown,) farmer 1S3. Lasher, Edward G., (Germantown,) re- tired farmer. LASHER, EPHEAIM, (Germantown,) far- mer 120. Lasher, Ephraim, Jr., (Germantown.) car- penter, fruit grower and farmer 7>tf . LASHER, GEO. R., (Germantown,) grower of small flrnits. Lasher, Gilbert, (Germantown,) farmer 130. Lasher, Herman, (Germantown,) farmer 8. Lasher, Jacob I., (Clermont,) (,J. db J. Lasher.) Lasher, Jeremiah, (Germantown,) (with Lewis P.,) farmer 100. Lasher, J. ^. PHILIPS, MANDAVILLE, (Germantown,) (with Jeremiah,) farmer liiH. POTTS, ALBERT, (Germantown,) frait grower and farmer 170. POTTS, HORACE, (Germantown,) frait grower and farmer 30. Potts, Josiah, (Germanto^vn,) agent for patent chnrns, washing machmes and water drawers. POTTS & LOWN, (Germantown,) (P. H. Potts and John B. Lown,) manufs. barrels, tubs, pails, meat casks &c. POTTS, PHILIP H., (Germantown,) (Potts & Lown,) prop. Germantown Hotel. Pttlor, Wm., (Germantown,) fanner 90. Polver, Lewis, (Germantown,) business in New York. > Riphenburgh, Henry, (Germantown,) far- mer 90. Riphenburgh, John, (Gernaantown,) car- penter. Riphenburgh, Lewis, (Germantown,) boat- man and farmer 1. Eoberson, Horace W., (Germantown,) far- mer 33$. ROCKEFELLER, CRAWFORD, (German- town,) butcher and farmer 1. S3Q OEBUANTOWN. Rockefeller, Daniel, (Germantown,) farmer 98. Eockefeller, Bdmnnd, (Germantown,) (,!!. Boclcef^i«r ^. I Saulpaugh, Wm. c, (Germantown,) flsher- ' man and farmer 1. Schermerhom, Wm. H., (Germantown,) mason and farmer 1. SHEFFER, GEO. W., (Germantown,) fruit raiser and farmer 16>^, Sheflfer, Harmon, (Linlithgo,) farmer 4. SHBEFER, HENRY, (Germantown,) fmit grower and farmer 38. Sheffer, Jacob, (Germantown,) farmer 2. Sheffer, Philip, (Germantown,) farmer 13. Shefiter, Philip Mrs., (Germantown,) farmer Shook, S. B., (Germantown,) farmer 25. Shultis, Andrew, (Germantown,) boatman and fisherman. Shultis, Geo., (Germantown,) {Shultis tf. BICKERD, CHARLES S., (Ghent,) miller. Blake, David, (Glient J farmer leases of Geo. BLAKE, RCiBERT, (Ghent,) carpenter and joiner. BLASS, I8AAC,(Mellenville,) farmer leases of Lorin Pulman, 150. Blinn, P. B.. (Chatham Village,) farmer 185. BOWEN, ALBEBX T., (Ghent,) carpenter andjoiner. Boyce, Chancey, (Ghent,) butcher and far- mer 67. BRISTOL &LAMPHBAR, (Chatham Vil- lage,) (Leebms Bristol and, JPrande iajm)A«or,)_grlst and saw mills. BRISTOL, LEVBETJS, (Chatham Village,) (Bristol and LanmJiear.) BROWNING, CHARLES, (Chatham Vil- lage,) farmer 222. Browning, George, (Ghent,) finner leases of Joshua Gray, 130. BROWNING, J. H., (Chatham Village,) milkman and farmer 66. BROWNING, MARr F. IlBS., (Chatham Village,) resident. Browning, Oscar F., (Chatham Village,) commercial broker. Browning, Perry M., (Chatham Village,) farmer 180. BUDLONQ, JOHN C. , (Ghent,) blacksmith. Bushnell, S. G., (Chatham Village,) nursery- man 49. Clark, Elisha, (Chatham Village,) farmer 70. Clement, Hugh, (Ghent,) blacksmith. COBtTRN, H. R., (Ghent,) auctioneer and farmer 170. Cole, Alexander, (Kinderhook,) farmer 100. Cole, Mathias, (Elnderhook,) farmer leases of J. F. Fowler, ISO. COLE, PETER, (Stockport,) milkman and farmer 136. Conner. James, (Ghent,) farmer 80. Coon, Rober^ N., (Chatham Village,) school teacher and book agent. Coons & Fugtson, (Ghent,) (LtwU Ooons and Geo. D. Fugieon,) jobbers and builders. Coons, Lewis, (Ghent.) (Coons & Puglson.) COtrSB, PHILO, (Hudson,) farmer 94. Crane, Geo. H., (Chatham VUlage,) milk- man and farmer 111, Crapser. Daniel, (Philmont,) firmer 263. CRAPSER, DAVID, (Hudson,) farmer 360. CRISSET, C. H., (Chatham Village,) fore- man in J. Mower's paper mill. Cropp, Christian, (StottviUe,) farmer S8)i. Crost, B. O. Rev., (Pbllmont,) pastor M. E. Church, Harlemviile. CUTLER, LEVI, (Ghent.) Davis, Orlando C., (Ghent,) carpenter and Joiner. Dedrick, Henry C, (Ghent,) farmer 126. DEDRICK, JOHN P., (Ghent,) farmer 110. Dennis, Washington, (Ghent,) farmer 60. DEYOE, CORNELIUS, (Ghent,) prop of Bartlett House and litrmer 170. DRURY, JOHN B. Rev., (Ghent,) pastor of First Reformed Chnrch of Ghent. DUNSPAUQH, CYRUS V., (Ghent,) far- mer 146. DUNSPAUGH, M. Mbs., (Ghent,) farmer 126. Emerick, Michael A., (Stockport,) farmer 10. BNGLB, PETER, (Hudson,) miller. Bngle, Philip A„XHQdeonj) farmer 136. FiNGAB, JACOB C, (Hudson,) farmer 173. Finkle, Jaqies, (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer 160. Foland, Henry, (Ghent,) farmer 150. 8S8 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSINESS DIBECTOBY. m m%w^ DEALER IN ^^ Harness, Saddles, Collars, P3 IT* &9 ;4// kinds of Repairing on short notice. ISAAC N. MACKEY AND GERMANTOWN, N. Y. Keeps an assortment of stock always on hand. Also, he has Tor sale, Castings for the Hudson Plow. OHENT 339 FONDA, PETER I., (Hndson,) (Beermanee & Fonda.) Fowler, Geo. L., (Ghent,) fiirmer leases of Wm. Eivenbnrgh. FOWLEB,GEO. S, (Ghent,) farmer 135. Fowler, Henry, (Ghent,) farmer 180. Fowler, John S., (Ghent,) {with John A. New,) fanner 227. Fradenbargh, Jeremiah, (Ghent,) farmer 81. FEADENBUKGH, MAETIN, (Ghent,) far- mer 200. Freehan, Charles, (Ghent,) shoemaker. Fugison, Geo. D., (Ghent,) (Coon* ds Pugir son.) GAENEE, AAEON C, (Ghent,) fatjner 610. Garey, Wm., (Ghent,) carpenter andjoiner. GAEVeY, CHAUNCEY 1)., (Harlemville,) carpenter, prop, of saw mill and far- mer 16. Gay, Charles B., (Ghent,) harness mannf. George, Harrison, (Ghent,) farmer leases or Henry Eivenhurgh, 113. George, John G., (Ghent,) farmer 145. Goodsel, Ebenezer, (Philmont,) farmer 100. GEAY, CATHARINE Mrs., (Ghent,) far- mers. Gray, Gosman, (Ghent,) brakeman. Gray, Joshua W., (Ghent,) farmer 130. GREEN, JAMES, '(Ghent,) iGrten dk Son.) GEEBN, JAMSS H., (Ghent,) (Qreen & Son.) GEBEN & SON,(Ghent,) (James and James H.,) homeopathic pnysiclans. GEO AT, CYRUS, (Mellenvllle,) revenue assessor and farmer 136. GEOAT, EDWARD, (Kinderhook,) far- mer 143)i. Groat, John A., (Hudson,) blacksmith. GROAT, JOHN C, (MeUenTille,) farmer 140. GROAT, MAR8DBN A., (Ghent.) farmer. GROAT, PHILIP, (Kinderhbok,) farmer TO. HARDER, JACOB W„ (Ghent,) farmer 2l6. Harder, J. W. B., (Ghent,) school teacher and farmer. Harder, P. M., (Mellenvllle,) manuf. of men's underwear and farmer 135. HARDER, ROBERT, (Ghent,) farmer leas- es of Mrs. C. Nash, 215. HARDER, WM., (Ghent,) farmer 101. HARDER, WM. L., (Stockport,) nursery- man and farmer 30. Hardick, Mathew, (Stuyvesant Falls,) far- mer 260. HARRIS, WM. D., (Ghent,) dealer in drugs, medicines andgeneral merchandise. Head, Jonathan, (Klnderhook,) farmer 100. HEERMANCB & FONDA, (Hudson,) (Sen- ry P. Eeermance and Feterl. Fonda,) merchant millers. HEEEMANCE, HENRY P., (Hudson,) (Heermance cfi Fonda.) Heermance, W. H., (Hudson,) farmer. HENRY, SIAETIN, Jk., (Mellenvllle,) far- mer 103. 4. _ Hermance Bros., (Hndson,7 (Teter W. and Chas. S.,) carpenters and builders. Hermance, Chas. S., (Hudson,) (Hermance Bros.) Hermance, Peter W., (Hudson,) (Hermance Bros.) Herrick, Nathan, (Stuyvesant Falls,) far- mer 134. Hess, Amie Miss, (Phllmont,),Bchool teach- er. HESS, JACOB F., (Philmont,) farmer 63. Hofltoan, Nancy Mrs., (Ghent,) resident. Hogbe, Abram, (Chatham Village,) farmer m. HOGBE, HANNAH Mbs., (Chatham Vil- lage,) resident. HOGEBOOM, CORNELIUS J., (Ghent,) farmer 80. Hogeboom, J. T., (Ghent,) U. S. general appraiser for port of New York. Hogeboom, N. 0., (Ghent,) blacksmith and farmer 5. Holland, E., (Ghent,) W. U. telegraph op- erator and asst. agent Boston, N. Y. and Harlem R. E. H0L8APPLB, JOHN H., (Ghent,) farmer 200. HOXSIE, RANDALL, (Ghent,) farmer 130. Hunt, Alfred, (Chatham Village,) bnilder and Jobber. ISBISTBE, GEO., (Stockport,) fanner 170. Jacobie, B. Mrs., (Mellenvllle,) farmer 101. Jacobie, Charles, (Philmont,) farmer 150. Jacobie, John H., (Mellenville,) farmer 84. JACOBIE, PETER S., (Philmont,) farmer 170. JONES, JOHN B., (Ghent,) agent for A. M. Tracy. Kane, PatrickJGhent,) farmer SO. KBANE, MICHAEL, (Ghent,) farmer 101. KISSELBURGH, GEO. A., (Ghent,) justice of the peace, secretary of Ghent Mutu- al Insurance Co. and farmer 142. KITTLE, ABRAHAM, (Ghent,) farmer 165. Kittle, Abram, (Philmont,) (wifA John Phims,) farmer 185. Kittle, Abram, (Ghent,) farmer 120. Kittle, Andrew H., (Ghent,) fanner 180. Kittle, Geo., (Ghent,) firmer 126. Kittle, Geo. H., (Hudson,) farmer leases of Mrs. E. Meslck, 120. Kittle, H. B., (Ghent,) (with H. D.,) farmer 94. Kittle, H. D., (Ghent,) (with B. B.,) farmer 94. Kittle, Jeremiah, (Ghent.) farmer 90. Kittle, Nicholas, (Ghent,) farmer 124Jf . Kittle, William 6., (Stuyvesant Falls,) fir- mer 137. KusB, Henry, (Ghent,) farmer 8. LAMPHEAE, PEANCIS, (Chatham Vil- lage,) (Bristol db Lamphear.) LANE, JOSEPH D., (Ghent,) fanner 100. LANE, STEPHEN S., (Ghent,) farmer 119. LAPHAM, HIRAM, (Stottville,) farmer 1207 LASHEE, EZRA, (Ghent,) inspector of elections and farmer 127. LASHER, TH0MA8,(Ghent,) firmer 195Jtf. Leggett, Charles E., (Hudson,) farmer leas- es of J. F. Leggett, 160. LEGGETT, JOHN I., (Stuyvesant Falls,) farmer 164. Leggett, John T., (Hudson,) farmer 194. LEGGETT, WM., (Hudson,) farmer 140. Leggett, Wm. I., (Ghent,) butcher. Link, George W., (Hudson,) farmer. Oft 19 240 GHENT. LINK, LEVI,' (Ghent,) horse tamer and farmer. Link, Philena and Sarah, (Ghent,) farmers LINK, EICHARD D., (Ghent,) farmer 140. LINK, ZACHAHIAH H., (Hudson,) farmer 21 S. MACT, ABRAHAM, (Ghent,) Bchool Macy, Geo.G., (Ghent,) farmer 103. Slacy, Henry I., (Ghent,) farmer 103. •■ Macy, K. W., (Ghent,) farmer 143. Martin, Eugene, (Ghent,) (Martin <£ Son^ Martin & Son, (Ghent,) Ofm. F. and m- gene^ carriage malceraand blacksmiths. Martin, Wm. F^ (Ghent.) (Martin S Son.) McKIBBEN, HBNKT, (Ghent,) switchman, H. & B. R. R. McKibben, Henry, (Ghent,) blacksmith. MBGURT, CHEISTOPHER, (Ghent,) house and carriage painter. MELIUS, DAVID H., (Ghent,) farmer 123V. MELIUS, JOHN H., (Ghent,) (Mesick db Melius.) MELIUS, STLVESTBK, (Ghent,) farmer 121. MESICK, ELIZA MRS., (Hudson,) farmer 120. MESICK, FRBDEHICK, (Ghent,) (Mesiek & Melltts.) Mesick, John I., (Hudson,) retired farmer 6. MESICK, & MELIUS, (Ghent,) (Frederick Mesick and John J3. MeliusJ) freighters. Mesick, Peter F., (Chatham Village,) fiir- mer B63. Mesick, Philip, (Ghent,) farmer 150. Miller, Charles A., (MellenvUle,) farmer 120. MILLER, CORNELIUS, Jr., (Ghent,) far- mer 170. Miller, Cornelius E,, (Ghent,) farmer leases of David Crapeer, 184. MILLER, GfEOEGB L., (Ghent,) farmer 660. Miller, Jacob I., (Harlemville,) justice of the peace and farmer 250. Miller, Jacob P., (HarlemTille,) farmer leases of J. I. Miller, 100. MOETT, ALEXANDER M., (Ghent,) far- mer. MOORE, EDWARD, (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer 208. . MOORE, SAMUEL, (Ghent,) physician of County Alms House. Moroney, morris, (Chatham Village,) labor- er and farmer 3. Monl, Cornelius, (MellenviUe,) ilirmer 56. Moul, Jacob I., (MellenviUe,) former 115. MOUL, JOHN S., (Chatham Village,) head miller with Bristol & Lamphear. Moul, Wm., (Mellenville,) farmer 140. MOWER, JOHN S., (Ghent,) paper mill. Mower, Martin, (Ghent,) farmer 153. Mull, Philip W.,(Ghent,) homeo. physician and surgeon. Nash, 0. Mrs., (Ghent.) fermer 215. NASH, CHARLES B., (Hudson,) prop, of Columbia Springs. New, Alexander, (Hudson,) farmer 118. NEW, CHARLES, (Harlemville,) farmer. NEW, HENRY E., (Hudson,) farmer 106. New, Jacob P., (Hudson,) farmer 115. New, John A., (Ghent,) (with John S. Fow- ler,) farmer 227. New, Norman, (Hadson,) farmer 92. New, Peter I., (HarlemvUle,) farmer 128. NEW, SILAS B., (Ghent,) farmer 252. Niles, Wm. C, (Ghent,) straw mill. ODAT, MICHAEL, (Hudson,) farmer 100. Ostrander, Albert 0., (Melleaville,) town assessor and farmer 192. Ostrander, James H., (Mellenville,) farmer 160. OSTRANDER, JOHN M., (Hudson,) farmer 200. Parker, Geo. A., (Chatham Village,) cider mannf. and farmer 108. ' PARSONS, HOSEA B„ (Chatham VUlage,) farmer 97Ji. Patrie, Nelson, (Ghent,) carriage maker and small beer manuf. Perkins, Cariscina Mrs., (Ghent,) prop, of hotel. Peterson, Benj., (Stockport,) farmer 136. Philip, Dilaway F., (Stockport,) farmer 125. PHILIP, JOHN, (Ghent,) (Philip <& Sons.) • PHIUP, JOHN W., (Ghent,) (Philip & Sons.) PHILIP, PETER, (Stockport,) manuf. of wire heddles, prop, of grist mill and farmer 166. PHILIP, RICHARD H., (Ghent,) (Philip <& Sons.) PHILIP & SONS, (Ghent,) (John, Bichard H. and John W.,) wagon makers and blacksmiths. Philips, John S., (Ghent,) farmer 100. Philips, Peter P., (Ghent,) farmer 100. Phipps, John, (Philmont,) (with Abram Kit- tle,) farmer 185. Porter, Curtis H., (Ghent,) farmer 80. Powell, Geo. T., (Ghei»t,) farmer. Powell, Townsend, (Ghent,) fruit raiser and farmer 104. Raah, Jacob, (Stottville,) farmer 10. Rapp, Peter, (Kinderhook,) farmer 100. Rilev, C, (Chatham Village,) farmer 80. RIVBNBER6H, JACOB, (Ghent,) farmer 84. Rivenburgh, C. S. Mrs., (Ghent,) resident. Rivenburgh, Edward H., (Ghent,) constable and farmer leases of Henry Elveuj burgh, 78. Rivenburgh, Geo. A., (Ghent,) firmer 16. RIVENBURGH, HBNBT, (Ghent,) farmer 321. Rivenburgh, Wm., (Ghent,) farmer 130. Rivenburgh, Wm. Henry, (Ghent,) poor master and farmer. Rossman, Rodolphus, (Hudson,) farmer 176. Rowley, Nathan, (MellenvllleJ station agent, Pulyer Station, H. & B. R. K. Rnssel, Hugh, (Ghent,) farmer 140. RUSSELL, SAMUEL, (Ghent,) farmer 110. Sagendorf, Wm. E., (Hudson,) farmer 146. Sagendorph, Robert, (Stockpopt,)farmer 160. SBBRING, B. N., Rbt., (Hudson.) pastor Second Reformed Church of Ghent. Shafer, J^cob, (Harlemville,) farmer. SHAFER, MICHAIi:L,(Harlemville,) former 190. Shafer, Valentine, (Harlemville,) farmer. Sharidan, John, (Ghent,) farmer 100. SHARP, PHILIP J., (Ghent,) farmer 86. SHARP, SOLOMON, (Stockport,) supervi- sor and former SOD. Sharpe, John, (Ghent,) mason. OEENT. 241 SHAYBE, ALMON, (HarlemTiUe,) farmer 200. SHAVER, JOHN, (HarlemTiUe,) farmer 150. Shavor, Jacob, (Ghent,) retired. Sherwood, Andrew J., (Ghent,) hlackemlth. Shields, Thomas, (Ghent,)farmeT leases 300. Shufelt, Cornelius, CChamam Village,) far- mer 148. SHUFELT, JACOB, (Phllmont,) firmer 270 Shufelt, Jacob D., (HarlemviUe,) farmer SHUFELT, JACOB P:^ellBnYille,)8pecn- lator and farmerjle. Shufelt, John B., (Chatham Village,) farmer 104. SHUFELT, KATE MISS, (Harlemvllle,) SHUFELT, PETER, (Ghent,) farmer 100. Shufelt, Valentine,(HarlemTiUe,)farmer 240. Sliult, Henry, (Ghent,) farmer 123. SHUTTS, THEODORE B., (Kinderhook,) farmer. Skinkle, Charles H., (Hudson,^ farmer 140. SMITH, OLIVER P., (Hudson,) farmer 142itf. Smith, W. &, H., (Mellenville,) props, of Dsper mill and farmers 316. SNYDER, PR ANKLIN,(Ghent,)farmer 113. SNYDER, FREDERICK H., (Ghent,) town assessor and farmer 105, ^nyder, Geo. S.j (Ghent,) carpenter, mill- wright;, justice of the peace and col- lector. Snyder, Geo. T., (Ghent,) farmer leases of H. T. Snyder, 126. Snyder, H. S., (Harlemvllle,) deputy sheriff and farmer leases of J. Snyder, 110. Snyder, H. T., (Ghent,) farmer 126. Snyder, John B., (Ghent,) farm laborer. SNYDER, S. M. MRS., (Ghent,) resident. SNYDER, TUNIS H., (Ghent,) commis- sioner of highways and former leases of A. C. Gamer, 300'. Speed, Abraham, (Gheqt,') carpenter and JUiner. SPEED, SYLVANUS, (Ghent,) carpenter and joiner. SPENGLER, HENRY C, (Ghent,) custom and merchant miller. Spongier, 8. M. Mrs., (Ghent,) farmer 100. St^dt, Frederick C, (Hudson,) farmer 42. Stickels, Henry, (Ghent,) former leases of ckels, Henry, (Gl Geo. L. Miller. fitickels, Jesse A., (MellenviUe,) farmer 110. STICKELS, SARAH Mrs., (MellenTille,) resident. STICKLES BROTHERS, (Ghent,) {Geo. 0. and W. .^.,),general merchants. STICKLES, GEO. O., (Othsal,) (SUcMea Brothers.) STICKLES, W. A., (Ghent,) (Btieklee Bro- t/t«r«,)inepectoT of elections, STORM, FREbERICK, (Hudson,) carriage maker and farmer S2. Stupplebeen, Harmon G., (Gkent,) farmer leases of G. A. Stupplebeen, 93. Stupplebeen, Henry, (Hudson,) farmer 155. STUPPLEBEEN, JACOB, (Ghent,) general merchant and postmaster. STUPPLEBEEN, JACOB H., (Ghent,) dealer in patent hay forks and farmer leases of Wm. Stupplebeen, 100. Stupplebeen, Martin V., (Ghent,) farmer i3o; feTUPPLBBBBN, TRUMAN, (Ghent,) far- mer 12T. STUPPLEBEEN, WM., (Ghent,) farmer . 140, Sweet, Rowlitnd,(Chatham Village,) farmer 1S6. TATOR, WM. H., (Hudson,) stock dealer and farmer 160. TEATOR, J. ^., (Ghent,) carpenter- and .. joiner. TENBROECK, PHILIP C, (Mellenville,) farmer. Tenbroeck, Walter V., (Mellenville,) fir- mer 166. TEN BROECK, W. B., (Ghent.) agent for agricultural implements and farmer 84. TippR, Edwin, (Hudson,) farmer 180. Tipple, Jacob P., (Hudson,) farmer 150. TRACY, A. M., (Ghent,) speculator, dealer in farm produce and farmer 194. TRACY, B. D. C, (Ghent,) farmer leases of J. T. Hogeboom, 216. Traver, Prank H., (Ghent,) carpenter. •UNDERBILL, E. B., (Ghent,) groceries, hardware, agricultural implements, also town clerk. VAN BUREN, JOHN T., (Ghent,) school teacher. ' Vancent, Watter, (GhentO farmer IB. Van Deusen, Stephen, (Chatham Village,) gardener and fruit raiser 11. Van Valkenburgh, Isaac, (Hudson,) car- penter and farmer 125. Van Valkenburgh, Isaac, (Hudson,) far- mer f. Van valkenburgh, JAMES C, (Hud- son,) farmer 160. Vincent, David W., (Ghent,) fruit tree agent and farmer. Vincent, Harriet W. Mrs., (Ghent,) farmer 60. . Vincent, Stephen B., (Ghent,) farmer. VOSBUEGH,ABRAM,(Ghent,) farmer 130. Vosbiirgh, David, (Ghent,) farmer 130. VOSBURGH, JOHN, (Ghent,) meat and fish market. Vosburgh, Wm. W., (Ghent,) fermer92. WAGAR, ABEAM H., (Ghent,) (with Bar- ney.) farmer 200. WAGAR, BARNEY, (Ghent,) (with Abram H..) farmer 200. WAGAR, WESLEY B., (Ghent,) dealer in agricultural implements and farmer 185. WALTERMIRB, DAVip M., (Ghent,) far- mer 108. Waltermire, Jessie, (Kinderhook,) farmer WALTERMIRB, MICHAEL I., (Ghent,) farmer 79>f . Watermyre, David, (Ghent,) carpenter and building mover. Wattermlre, Jacob H., (HarlemviUe,) far- mer 210. Wattermire, Jacob I., (Ghent,) farmer 4. WHITE, WM. H., (Ghent,) carpenter and joiner, jobber and builder. WHITBMAN, ABRAM, (HarlemviUe,) thresher and former 80. Whiteman, Philip, (Phllmont,) butcher and farmer 60. WILBUR, ALVIN, (Ghent,) keeper of Col- umbia Co. Poor House. 242 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY. m. ®. TOfBBlMffil. CMIETVT, TV. Y., DEALER IN Choice Family Groceries, ■F'T-mOTJ 11^° Orders Promptly Tilled. ■'% Iron Jfoitnber, Machinery, Building & Mill Casting^s, Plows, Cultivators, Horse Powers and Ag- ricultural Implements of all kinds. CHATHAM VILI.AGE, X. Y. Orders for Castings thankfully received and promptly executed. GEO. B. DRUMM. GBBNT- OS BENPOB T. 243 Wilcox, Valentine J., (Chatham Village,) farmer 73. WILLIAMS, M. B., (Chatham Village,) dealer in horses and farmer leaeeg estate of J. Beet, 30. Winegar, Mary B., (Hadson,) farmer 25. WINN, ALBBET S., (Ghent,) farmer 1S7, Winn, Arthur, (Ghent,) farmer leases of S. M. Winn,100. WINN, CHILON, (Ghent,) farmer 100. Winn, Joseph H., (Glient,) farmer 4. Winn, S. M., (Ghent,) farmer 99. Winyard, John, (Ghent,) farmer 59. (Post Office Addresses in Parentheses.) AnUhle, Henry, (Hudson,) leather, wool, hide and skiu dealer, tanner and far- mer 60. Anible, Henry, (Hudson,) farmer 64. Aitkin, John P., (Hudson,) merchant and , farmer 86. Aitkin, Walter, (Hudson,) (with John P.) Ashley, Ossian B., (Hudson,) banker, 37 New St., New York, and farmer 230. BAURHTTE, EGBERT H., (Catskill Sta- tion,) fruit and vegetable farmer 83. Baurhyte, Feter, (Catskill, Greene Co.,) as- sessor and farmer 9. Beach, Addison, (Catskill station,) ferry owner and farmer SO. BECKER, JOHN L, (Humphreysville,) wagon maker. BBCKEE, RICHARD, (Humphreysville,) farmer 102. BECKER, Wit. H., (HumphreysyUle,) wagon maker. Benham, Sarah, (Hudson,) retired. Benton, Henry, (Hudson,) farmer 10. BERRIDGB, J. P., (Hudson,) road com- missioner, prop, shell marble works and quarries, stone saw mills, and far- mer 60. Bast, Chas., (Humphreysville,) butcher. Best, Henry, (Hudson,) farmer leases of Samuel S. Hermaiice, 260. BEST, MBRWIN, (Hudson.) milkman, 16 cows, fruit and vegetable farmer 200. BEST, SEYMOUR, (Humphreysville,) hotel keeper and farmer 135. BOGAKDUS, CHARLOTTE D., (Hudson,) (with Charlotte S.) BOGARDUS, CHARLOTTE B., (Hudson,) former 86. trandow, Theodore, (Hudson,) farmer 18. Brewer LWelsley, (Hudson,) farmet 96. *BROCKSBANK, WM., (Hudson,) nursery 20. BROOKSBY, ALEXANDER, (Hudson,) nursery 20. _ BROWNELL, JOHN H., (Claverack,) dairy, 31 cows, and fanner 260. BUCKIST, TIMOTHY, (Hndsoh,) firmer 100. Bunt, Isaac, (Hudson,) resident. Butler, Bzekiel, (HndsonJ flnmer 85. CHURCH, PREDERICK; B., (Hudson,) landscape painter and farmer 200. CLUM, SYLVESTER, (Hudson,) farmer 180. CotSn, Steven A.,\Hnd9on,) toll gatherer, Columbia Turnpike Co. COLE, ALEX. P., (Hudson,) inspector of election s and farmer leases of Jonathan Plass, 76. Columbia Agricultural and Horticultural Association, (Hudson,) J. W. Hoys- radt, prest. ; H. S. Van De Carr, Lem- uel Holmes, 8. W. Tobey, 8. T. Dubois and Thos. H. Gantley, vice-prests. ; Chas. W. Macy, secretary ; Robert B. Shepard, treas. COON, JOHN W., (Hudson,) farmer 321. Creed, Geo. G^ (Hudson,) farmer 246. Currie, Chas. T., (Hudson,) retired former 80. Decker, Maria Mrs., (Hudson,) farmer 60. Delamater, Hen^, (Hudson.) farmer 150. DELAMATBR, LEWIS, (Hudson,) asses- sor iind farmer 60. DELAMATBR, PETER, (Hudson,) farmer 110. Delamater, Sarah A. Mrs., (Hudson,) far- mer 160. DELAMATBR, TOBIAS, (Hudson,) farmer 90. Delamater, Tunis, (Hudson,) former 18. DBLAMATOR, ROBERT, (Hudson,) for- mer 106. DENEGAE, JACOB, (Hudson,) farm la- borer. Devoe, Niram, (Catskill Station,) conduc- tor. DeWitt, Ada, (Hudson,) school teacher, district No. 1. ' Doan, Ezra, (Hudson,) farmer 50. Drayton, J. B., (Hudson,) farmer 141. DUBOIS, HENRY A.,(Hudson,) retired far- mer 54. DUBOIS, JAMES S., (Hudson,) retired farmer 76. Dubois, Samuel T., (Hudson,) retired far- mer 110. DUNTZ, PHILIP H,, (Hudson,) farmer leases of Nicholas Fleming, 50. ELTING, SETH, (Hudson,) farmer 4. Farrand, Joseph 8., (Hudson,) farmer 140. FARRELL, JAMES A,, (Hudson,) (with PeytenN.) I Barren, Peyten N., (Hudson,) former 536. 244 OBSSNPOST. Flack, Alonzo, (Hudson,) principal Clave- rack Seminary and farmer ISB. FLEMING, NICHOLAS L., (Hudson,) far- mer 50. FLEMING, WM. H., (box 45, Hudson,) far- mer 125. FOLAND, GEO. F., (Hudson,) road master and farmer 156. FRITTS, M'M. Jb., (Catskill, Greene Co.,) farm laborer. Gardner, Abram I., (Catskill Station,) re- sident. GAEDNEE, MILTON H., (Hudson,) far- mer 185. Getl^, Andrew, (Hudson,) retired pliy- sician and farmer 100. GETTY, ANDREW H., (Hudson,) {with Andrew.) GILLETTE, JOHN B., (Hudson, and Cats kill, Greene Co.,) farmer 183. GRANGER, ELIZABETH, (Hudson.) GREER, ROBERT, (Hudson,) dairyman, 13 cows, and farmer. Groat, Philip P., (HumphreysTille,) com- missioner of highways and farmer 90. HALL, FRANK, (Hudson,) iJohn Hall <& Son.) HALL, JOHN, (Hudson,) milkman and farmer 80. HALL, JOHN & SON, (Hadson,) (Frank,) glue and ueats oil manufs. Hallei^beck, Abram A., (Catskill, Greene Co.,) farmer 3. HALLENJBECK, CHAS. A., (Hudson,) far- mer 157. HALLENBECK, EDWARD L., (Catskill Station,) prop, restaurant, Hallenbeck, Hiram, (Hudson,) constable. Hallenbeck, Jacob, (Hudson,) hotel keeper. HALLENBECK, JACOB G., (Hudson.) farmer leases of Cornelius and Wm. H. Plass, 140. Hallenbeck, Jacob B., (Hudson,) Justice of the peace. Ballenbeck, Jehoiakim P., (Catskill Sta- tion,) farmer leases 8. HALLENBECK, JOHN C, (Hudson,) far- mer 30. Hallenbeck, Matthia8,(Hndson,) farmer 374. Hallenbeck, Myron £., (bos 647, Hudson,) farmer 94. Hallenbeck, Richard, (HudsonJ justice of the peace. HALLENBECK, RICHARD, (fiudson,) road master and farmer 100. Hallenbeck, Robert R., (Catskill, Greene Co.,) farmer 94. Hallenbeck, Sally, estate of, (Hudson,) 6 acres. Hammond, Alex.,(HnmphreyBTille,)retired. Hart, John, (Catskill, Greene Co.,) captain of yacht Oipsev. HART, WM. n (Catskill Station,) post master and R. R. agent. Haws, John H., (Stockport,) hotel keener and farmer 180. HKERMANCE, SAMXJEfc T. B., (box S48, Hudson,) supervisor and farmer. Higgins, Lorenzo, (Hudson,) farmer 60. Himrod, Catharine M., (Hudson,) farmer 30. HIMROD, JOHN S. Risv., (Hudson,) pas- tor Reformed Church of Qreenport and farmer 30. HOLLENBECK, GEO. Capt., (box 638 Hudson,) commissioner of highways' fruit raiser and farmer 273. ' HOLLENfeECK, HARMON, (Catskill Greene Co.,) justice of the peace and farmer 167. HOLLENBECK, JOHN H., (Catskill Greene Co.,) farmer 3. ' HOLLENBECK, MICHAEL J., (Hudson) farmer 78. Hosford, Henrr R., (Hudson,) farmer 150 HOVER, AMOS S., (Hudson,) fruit grower and farmer 50. Hover, Geo. A., (Hudson,) farmer 1. Kells, Philip, (Hudson,) farmer 5. Kilmer, Robert W., (Hudson,) foreman for Alonzo Flack. Kipp, John P., (Hudson,) farmer 160. KIPP, JOHN WESLEY, (Hudson,) farmer LAMBERT, PHIUP H., (Hudson,) justice of the peace, milkman, 2-i cows, and farmer-aoO. LEGGET, WM. Mbs., (Hudson.) Link, Wm. S.. (Hudson,) carpenter. Livingston, Edward, (Humphreysville ) miller and farmer 60. ' Ludlow, C. James, (Hudson,) retired far- mer 85. Ludlow, Robert M., (Hudson,) farmer MACY, JOHN L, (Hudson,) nursery 10. Marshall, Dallas. (Hudson,) btabksmith. MARSHALL.MATHEW,(HnmphreySTille.r blacksmith. McGIFPBET, .JAMES, (Hudson,) farmer 70. McGlffert. Jdhn N.. (Hndson,) farmer 40 MoGIFFERT, JOSEPH,(Hndson,) assessor and farmer 60. MoKINSTRY, ROBERT, (Hudson,) ftnit grower, 28,000 trees; and farmer 300. Mclaughlin, DANIEL, (Hudson,) fore- man for C. T. Curry. McNeill, Neal, (Hudson,) firmer 100. MILLER, CATHARINE E. MRS., (Hud- sonj farmer 100. Mtller, John, (Catskill, Greene Co.,) far- mer 8. Miller, Nicholas Mrs., (Hud8on,)farmerl0D. MILLER, RICHARD, (HumphreysvlJIe,) farmer 131. Minkler, Aaron, (Hudson,) forematt for Benjamin Ray. MOORE, WM., (Hudson,) gardener for J. P. Berridge. Morrison, John, (Hudson,) farmer 36. New, Henry, (Hndion,) farmer 25. Niver, Henry M., (Hudson,) justice of the peace and works farm of John N., 78K. Niver, John N., (Hudson,) farmer ISii. NIVER WM. H., (HnmphreysviUe,) Waok- smlth. PLASS, CSAS, B., (Httdson,) milkman. PLASS, CORNELIUS B., (Stockport,) fore- man for Ch»9. H. Stott and mrmer 940, PLAS8, GILBERT & SON, (Hudson,) milk- men, 12 cowsVand farmers leaseor Hen- ry Link, 112. Plass, John E. O^ (Hudson,) farmer 1. Plass. Jonathan, (Hudson,) farmer 75. PL088. MATHIAS, (Humphreysville and Hudson^ resident. PLOSS, PETER, (Hudson,) farmer 8. QBEENPORT-HILLSDALE. 345 POST, JAMES C.,(boX6S8jHnd6on,) {with Ifawrice i.,) farmer ni. POST, MAUKICK L., (box 622i Hudson,) (wWi Jamee 0:,) farmer 171. Potts, Beuben D., (ti.adB0B,)-datr7, 30 cows, and farmer, FrOTOst, John E., CHodsen,) fbrmer leases of James B. 8tel)bln«, 142. Hay, Benjamin, (Hudson,) retired farmer 60. Ritchie , Robert, (Stockport,) farmer 1. EIVEES, NELSON A., (Humphr^avllie,) gardoner and farmer Sljjf. Robinson, Geo. W., (Hadson.) farmer 138. Sabine, Geo. A.,(Hud6bn,) retired physician and fariner 140. SILVERNAII-, JACOB, (Hnmphreysyjlle,) farmer leases of John W. VanDeiiBen, 80. SIMMONS, PHILO H (Hudson,) frnlt grower and farmer 10. SMftH, PETBE, (Hudson,) mlllim^n, 14 cows, and farmer 103. SNYDER, EDWARD, (Hudson,) dairy, 18 cows, and farmer 188. Snyder, Oscar, (Stockport,) farmer leases of D. A. French, 245. Spencer, Cornelius, (Hudson,) carpenter and farmer 23. STANGLE, JACOB, (Hudson,) foreman for Jacob Stangle. STARK, JAMES, (Hudson,) farmer leases of Andrew Getty, 11)0. Ten Broeckt. W^m. H., (Hudson,) farmer 65. THORNTON, MABQAEBT, (Hudson,) far- mer 2. - Vandeusen, Ghas., (Hndeon,) farmer 7. Tandetieen, John J., (box 201, Hudson,) far- mer l40. VANDEUSEN, JOHN W., (Hudson,) far- mer 60. - Van Sensen, Robert G., (Hudson,) farmer 21. Van Deusen, Susan L. Mrs., (Hndson,) far- mer 18, VANHOESBN, PETER, (Hndson,) firmer 204. VANNRENSSELAEE, NICHOLAS B., (Hudson,) farmer 106. Van Vleek, Aaron, (HumphreySTille,) far- mer 70. Van Vleck, Frederick, (Hudson,) farmer 8. WALLACaS, GARRY, (Hudson,) mason. ♦WILDING, B. C, (Hudson,) nursery. WILSON, HENRY, (Hudson,) road master and farmer 165. 3e:xxjZjisi>,^Lx<:]E3. (Post Office Addresses in Parentheses.) Abel, Wm., (Craryville,) farmer leases of Knapp ertate, 135. Adsit, Chas., (Green River,) prop, saw mill and farmer 300. AIMS, W. F., (Craryville,) farm laborer. Albert, Michael, (Craryville,) farmer 5. Albert, Wm., (Craryville,) wagon maker and farmer!. Allen, John A., (Hillsdale,) fanner leases 200. Andrews, Henry W., JClfaryviliei) farmer leases of Andrew Higgius, 1801 Andrews, Hezekiah, (Craryville,) carpenter and farmer 10. ATKINSON, WM., (Hillsdale,) moulder and fai-mer 4. Avalt, Henry, (Hillsdale,) shoe maker. BabCock, Richard, (Billsdale,) carpenter and farmer2. Bain, Isaac F., (Hllladale,) farmer 80. Balrd, David C, (Hillsdale,) track master Baird,' Wm.! (<}reen Rivfir,) farmer 8B0. BarrettLRichard, (Hillsdale,) baggage mas- ter p. R.B.. Bartlett, Jacksoii, (Hillsdale,) farmer leases B»rtlett,E%atd,fflatecWy,fti55iWl38. BEACH, S. f RATT, (Hfils&le,) teacher. BECKER, BRADLEY &.. (PhUmOnt.) assesBOT and flirmer leases of Hosesi Becker, Chas. F„ (Green River,) farmer 110. Becker, George i., (Harlemville,) carpenter and former 1> Becker, Henry L., (Hillsdale,) carpenter. Becker, Moses, (Fhllmont,) farmer 360. Becker, Norman A., (Harlemville,) farmer 119. Becker, Obed U., (Harlemville.) farmer 5. BECKER, PETER M., (Harlemville,) in- spector of elections and {with Wm. H.,) farmer 835. BECKER, PETER J., (Hillsdale,) carpen- ter and farmer i)i, Becker, Peter O., (Hillsdale,) fanner 320. Becker, Philip, (Hillsdale,) painter, pecker, Philip, (Hillsdale,) farmejr 14. ^Backer, Richard H., (Hillsdale,) carpenter and farmer leases of GreBveuor F. Stickle, ISO. Becker, Stephen ^i^infHUlsdale,) farmer 16S. Becker, Wte. H.^ (Harlemville,) (with, Peter if,,) fermer 835. BELL, CHARLES M., (Hillsdale,) attorney at lai^ and fariner 1. Best, Andrew J., (fiCillsdale,) (with Benry,) farmer. Best, Henry, (Hillsdale,) farmer 300. Best, Sylvester (Craryville,) farmer 234. Billings, Stephen, (Gieen River;) &rm la- .Borer. Birdsall, Jaines, (Hillsdale,) scythe maker. Blssell, Milo, (Hillsdale,) fumer 260. 246 COLUMBIA COUNTT BVSINBSS DIBECTOBY. AND FLORIST, ESTABI^ISHED 1835. Keeps on hand a ftill assortment of FruU, Mvergreen cmd Orna- mental XTee8, Willi BttDerries, RaspDerm and Cnrraits, also Eoses, PLOWKRING SHRUBS AND GEEEN-HOUSB PLANTS. "Prospect Hill," HUDSON", Columbia Co., JV. T. # FupmltBP^ mm%m — AND— AT THE tol^«i "Old Furniture Store," Main Street, Chatham Village, Opposite Soston & Albany 3)epot. HILLSDALE. 247 BIXBT, OWEN, (Hillsdale,) dealer in Kay - And grain and farmer 1. Blackman, Joel, (Hillsdale,) former 110. Boice, Bll, (Craryville,) farmer 8. Boice, Jonathan, (Hillsdale,) laborer. Boos, Frederick, (Green River,) farm la- borer. Boyes, Klias, (Hillsdale,) farmer 18. Brace, Moses L., (Hilledale,) farm laborer. Brain, Wm., (Green Eiver,) farmer 225. BKISTOL, STBPHEN, (Hillsdale,) resi- dent. Brncs, Alfred, (Hillsdale,) farmer 210. Brusie, Ambrose, (Craryville,) farm laborer. Brasie, Geo., (Hillsdale,) carpenter and far- mer 168. Brasie, John, (Hillsdale,) oarjiehter and far- mer 43. Brasie, Wm.," (Martindale Depot,) firm lar borer. BULKELKY & BULLOCK, (Hillsdale.) (Joslma E. Bullceley and Geo. M. Btu- look,) lumber and coal dealers. BULKBLBY, JOSHUA H., (Hillsdale,) (Bulkelmj tf. Bunt, Henry, (HilledaleO laborer. Burger, Chae., (Martindale Depot,) black- smith and farmer 2. BUKTIS, WM. R., (North Eeremont, Berk- shire Co., Mass.,) (withT/ios.F.,) car- riage maker and farmer 260. Burton, George T., (Hillsdale,) farmer 25. Burton, Henry, (Hillsdale,) farmer 240. BirSHNBLL, BLISfiA W;, (Hillsdale,) far- mer 250. Calkins, Almond, (Hillsdale,) collier. CAMERON, ISAAC V., (Craryville,) hay and straw dealer and farmer IBS. Campbell, Stanton A., (Hillsdale,) collier. Closson, Chas., (Hillsdale,) farmer 167. ClOBSon, Nicholas, (Philmont,) farmer leas- es of Michael Mahar, 72. Clum, Henrys., (Philmont,) farmer 180. Cole, John WV, (Hillsdale,) farmer 8. COLLIN, JOHN F., ffllllsdale,)farmerlOO. Collin, Solomon B., (Hillsdale,) farmer 234. Collins, Jeremiah C, (Hillsdale,) tailor. Consodine, Michael, (Hillsdale,) resident. Converse, Wm. H., (Hillsdale,) tanner. COOK, ALONZO A., (Hillsdale,) farmer 334. Cook, LemonL(Hill8dale,) farmer 270. Coon, Isaac, (Harlemvllle,) farmer 153. COON, LEVI, (Hillsdale,) farmer 158. COON, WILLIAM, (HlilBdale,) dealer In stoves, tin, marble, tnonnmetitB, bead stones &G. Coon, Wm. H., (Hillsdale,) laborer. Corbett, Lawrence, (Hillsdale,) farmer 45. Cornell, Henry, (Hillsdale,) alio, physician and farmer 18>i. Couse, Benjamin, (CraryvillCj) firm laborer. CRi^DHLL, NORMAN, (Hillsdale,) far- mer 100. Crismon, Henry, (Harlemvllle,) grocer. CKI8TIB,JAMESB.,(HillBdale,)termer871. Grow, Charles, (Hillsdale,) merchant. CuUin, John K. JHillsdale,) clerk. Curtis, Alfred, (Harlemville,) farmer 224. Curtis, Joel G., (Harlemville,) farmer 194. Curtis, Palmer G., (Harlemville,) farmer leases of Alfred, 224. Dakin, Ambrose L., (Hillsdale,) carpenter. DAKIN, CHESTER H.,(flm8dhle,) teacher and farmer 108. DALEY, LA'B'AYBTTE D., (Hillsdale,) stone mason. Dams, James, (Hillsdale,) laborer. DAVIS, ABRAM Ray., (HillsdaleO M. B. clergyman. DEAN, RANDOL, (Hillsdale,) farmer leases of Edward Haight,.170. Debell, Weeden, (Hillsdale,) laborer. Degroff, James B., (Hillsdale,) carpenter. Delamatter, George, (Hillsdale,) farmer lOO. Dimmick, Blipharet, (Hillsdale,) merchant. Disbrow, Davis, (Harlemville,) farmer 142. Disbrow, George G., (Harlemville,) farmer leases of Davis, 142. . Distoow, Willis, (Harlemville,) farmer 43. Doherty, James,(HilIsdale,) harness maker. Dorr, Harriet Parka Mrs., (Hillsdale,) far- mer 3. Dorr, Joseph P., (Hillsdale,) alio, physician ' and farmer. Dorr, Martin H., ffllUsdale,) attorney. DOUGLASS, GEO., (HUlsdale,) farmer 100. DOWNING, ALLEN B., (Hillsdale,) farmer 165. • DOWNING, CHAS. H., (Harlemville,) su- pervisor and (withhaac,) farmer 226. Downing, Geo. W., (Harlemville,) farmer 280. Downisg, Isaac, (Harlemville,) {with Chas. B.,) farmer 226. Downing, James O., (Green River,) farm laborer. Downing, Peter N., (Harlemville,) black- smith and farmer 1. Downing, Wm. T., (Harlemville,) fermer leases of Geo. W., 280. Drum, Elijah, (Craryville.) farmer 64. DUNCAN, HENRY, (Hillsdale,) firmer leases 168. Dunn, Martin, (Green River,) farmer 160. Dunn, Patrick, (HillsdaleO farm laborer. Duntz, John L., (Green River,) prop. Co- lumbia Hotel. Dnplain, Justin, (Harlemville,) collier. Evans, Richard, (HillsdaleJ former 9. Evans, Thos., (Hillsdale,) farmer leases 90. Evarts, David M., (Hillsdale,) laborer. Fargo, Jerome M., (Hillsdale,) hotel keeper and farmer 1. FELLOWS, A. J;, (Hillsdale,) post master H. R. R. R. Fellows, Catharine U., (Hillsdale.) farmer SH- Ferguson, Francis, (Hillsdale,) farmer 160. Finkle, Bbenezer, (Hillsdale,) overseer of poor and farmer 60. Pinkie, Jacobj (Craryville,) farm laborer. FINKLE, JOSEPH W., (HarlemviUe,) prop. Harlemville Hotel. Finkle, Nicholas, CBillsdale,) laborer. Flannagan, John, (Hillsdale,) taixaet 140. Flapnigan, John jHillsdaleJ. farmer 40. Folaiid, Philip, (Hillsdale,) farmer leases of Knox estate. Fomier, Joseph, (Green River,) collier. FosterjAllen T.. (Orarvville,) farmer 203. FOSTirR,'QEORGB W., (Hillsdale,) specu- lator. 248 BILLSVALE. roster, Sarah M. Mrs., (Hillsdale,) farmer 130. FULLER, ORSON, (Hillsdale,) produce commiBsion dealer. Garison, JohQ, (Hillsdale,) labprer. Garner, Martin H., (Hillsdale,) resident. Garrison, John H., (Hillsdale,) farm laborer. Garrison, Peter, (Hillsdale,) carpenter and farmer 4^. Garrison, Riifus, (Green River,) ftrmer leases of Geo. Tremaili. Garrison, Stephen,, (Green River,) farm laborer. Gilbert, Geo. M„ (Hillsdale,) farmer lOR, Gilbert, Lorenzo, (Hillsdale,) tnrmer 160. Gilbert, John M., (Hillsdale,) facmer leases 76. Gilbert, Rodney Rev., (Hillsdale,) Baptist clergyman. Gilbert, Rodney A., (HlJIsdale,) fcrmer 1B6. Gildersleeve, Allen H., (Hillsdale,) tiurmer 880. Gorsline, James K., (Hillsdale,) farmer 150. GREENE, DAVID M., (Hillsdale,) farmer 186. , - . GROAT, CHAS., (Hillsdale,) jonmeyman carpenter. Groat, Daniel, (Hillsdale,) laborer. Hagaman, Oornelia Mrs., (CraryvlUe,) resi- dent. Hall, Albert R., (Hillsdale,) farmer 113. Hall, Salmon, (Green River,) Itomer leases of Geo. Carrington, 160. Hallenbeck, , (HlllBdale,) (Tr<^ord Sharts, Marvin, (Hillsdale,) painter and farmer 1. ShartBt_Wm;,B., (Craryville^) farmer leases of Robert Ttabilcox, 230. Shaver, Philip C, (Harlemville,) merchant . jmd farmer^. Shaver, WaHeii (Hillsdale,) farmer TO. Shepard, Albert, (Green River,) former 400. Shepherd, Allen, (Hillsdale,) farmer 118. 8htlltng, Henry D., (Hillsdale,) farmer 100. Shnfelt, John, (Hillsdale,) laborer. Sbnfelt, Leonard. (Hlllsd«le,),-TBtlledRle,) blacksmith. Smith, Edward, (Hillsdale,) resident. S50 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY. M. FEIGH, Hanofactnier and Bealer in BOOTS & SHOES, Einderhpok, TSl, T. A(iBNT FOE Howe's Sewing MacHines. PHILIP BIRCKMAYER, Furniture Dealer ! ITJVnER TJiKER, chathajh street, rKinderhook, ST. Y. - All kiuds of Furniture for DwellingSj ' Offices,. &c.f on liand and made to OF<^r. All orders in the UWDEKTAKING line promptly Responded to. OIT :OTHI^. f B. H. WALDRON, - Proprietor, l¥arren Street, Corner of First Street, HTJI3S01V, IV. ^y. Jjocated a short dislance from the 3)epot and Steamboat JOandingi in the most prominent part of the City. 2?ds Sotet is rebuilt and newij fur- nished throughout for first class Guests. t^° CHARGES HODERATE. HILLSDALE. 251 Smith, Leonard, (ElUsdafe,) ticket ngent and telegraph operator H. R. E. Snyder, Alex. J., {Harlemville,) wagon maker and farmer IX., Snyder, Anthony, (Hartindale Depot,) far- mer leases of Alfred Brnce, 310. Snyder, Comelins, (Hillsdale,) stone cutter. Snyder, >lbhn W., (Crary ville,) farm laborer. Snyder, Joseph, (Harlemville,) fanner 817. Snyder, Peter V., (Craryville,) farmer 150. Somborger, George, (Hillsdale,) farmer 98. Speed, Lather, (.Hillsdale,) farmer leases of B^fine Latting, 160. Spencer, Norman, (Craryville,) farmer 110. Spencer, Seymour, (Craryville,) farmer 122. Staats, Wm., (Hillsdale.) miller. Stalker, Peter, (Craryville,) laborer. Stelto, Philip P., (Harlemville,) shoemaker. Steito, Valentine, (Harlemville.) farmer 150. Stempel, Wm., (Harlemville,) farmer 110. Steuerwald, Chas., (Hatlomville,) farmer 160. , . : ■ Steuerwald, Peter (Hillsdale,) farmer 862. Steuarvpalt, Adam, (Hillsdale,) farmer 120. Stever, Elizabeth Mrs., (Hillsdale,) farmer 117. Steward, Ephraim, (Hillsdale,) carpenter. Stewart, Maria Mrs., (Hillsdale,) resident. STICKLE, GR08VBN0R F., (Hillsdale,) farmer 362. Stickle, Jacob H., (HarlemviUe,) farm la- borer. Stickles, Jnlia A. Mrs., (Phllmont,) farmer 126. Stickles, Peter A., (Hillsdale,) resident. Swarts,^ John, (Hillsdale,) resident. Sweet, Martin J., (Hillsdale,) fermer 182. Tanner, Wm., (Hillsdale,) teamster. Taylor, John B., (Green River,) blacksmith. Teats, David N., (HiUadale,) miller and far- mer 8. Ten Broeck, Edward A., (Harlemville,) far- mer 66. Ten Broeck, Walter B., (Hillsdale,) black- smith and fermer S>f . Terryi Harvey E., (Craryville,) farmer 150. Tiffany, Edward, (Hillsdale,) farm laborer. Tipple^David H., (Craryville,) farmer leases of Winthrop, 192. Tipple, Winthrop, (Craryville,) farmer 192. Traoilcoi, James, (Craryville,) farmer 143. Trabilcox, Joseph, (Craryville,) farmer 148. Trabilcox, Robert, (Craryville,) farmer 230. Trafford & Hallenbeck, [Hillsdale,) general merchants, props, saw mill and farmer 11. n^ruesdell, Jotrn Q.> (Hillsdale,) painter and iiirmerSS, Tyler, Cyrenins F., (Hillsdale,) turn la- borer. Tyler, Nicholas C, (Hillsdale,) farmer 148. TJsner, Conrad, (Harlemville,) firmer 126. VAN BBNSCHOTBN, HERMAN N. , (HillB- dale,) merchant. VAN DE BOE, ADAM D.,^. Gillett, Asa, Einderhook,) fa1:mergO. Gillet, Leonard, (Einderhook,) retired far- mer. Goldsmith & Skinkle, (Valatie,) (Thomas QoldsmUh and Wm. Skinlde,) black- smiths. Goldsmith, Thomas, (Valatie,) (Sdldemith a. Skinkle.) GRAVES, RICHARD, (Einderhook,) floor, feed and provisions, wholesale and re- retail. Green, James, (Einderhook,) homeo. phy- sician. Grlfflu, L., (Einderhook,) boot and shoe maker. Hallenbeck, Wm. S., (Einderhook,) school teacher. , Halliday, F. S.,(Valatis,) general merchant. Ham, Daniel, (Einderhook,) farmer 45. Ham, Thomas, (Einderhook,) farmer snu. Haner, Martin L., (Valatie,) farmer 346. Harder, Abraham, (Valatie.) farmer 346. HARDER, NICHOLAS, (Valatie,) farmer 140. Harder, N. W., (Einderhook,) firmer 375. HARDER, PETER, Jr., (Nlverville,) far- med 198. Harrison, L.,(Valatle,) (Fan Slyck A Harri- son.) ' Head, Peter, (Einderhook,) fanner 96. Heath, A. B., (Valatie,) photographer. HENDERSON. FRANCIS, (Valatie,) (Ben- derson & Ucgman.) HENDERSON & HOFFllAlP, fValatie,) (TraruAs Henderson and JthnSqfman,) props, of knitting mill, manufs. of shirts, drawers, stockings &c, *HBBRICE, C. L. & SON, (Einderhook,) (Daniel W.,) candle maunfs. and dealers in leather, hides, calf and sheep skins. HERRICE, DANIEL W., (Einderhook,) (C. L. HerHck & Bon.) Herrick, Henry, (Schodack Landing, Rens- selaer Co.J farmer 333. HOFFMAN, JOHN, (Valatie,) (Henderson - Suns a Stage from JKinderhook to Stuyvesant Zanding, Connecting with jBoats and Trains on Hudson ^iver 5x. IS., also with Stage to Yalatie. Charges Tery Beasonable. KINDEBBOOK. S56 McDoIe, Lewis, (Niverville,) rarmer 105. McLoughlin, T., (Valatle,) prop, of Cen- tral HouBe. Meesick,Wm. E., (Kinderhook,) president National Bank of Kinderhook, *MEMBBKT, JAMES J., (Kinderhook,) livery keeper and stage prop., runs stage from Kinderhook to Stnyvesant Landing, connecting with stage to Va- iatie. Merwin, David, (Kinderhook,) farmer 126. Herwin, Jane Mrs., (Kinderhook,) farmer 110. . MEEWIN, J. W., (Valatle,) dentist and farmer 166. Merwin, S., (Valatle,) jeweler and watch- maker. MEEWIN, W. I., (Valatle,) Inspector of elections and farmer 93. Meslck, Barent, (Valatle,) builder and Job- ber. Mesick, Charles A., (Valatie,) carpenter. Mesick, Henry P., (Chatham VlIlBge,) far- mer leases of Peter F. Mesick, ^0, Mesick, James, (Valatle,) blacksmith. Mesick, Martin, (Valatie,) carpenter. MESICK, THUMAS, (Kinderhook,) farmer 122. Michael, A., (Kinderhook,) farmer 101. Miller, A. Miss, (Kinderhook,) tailoress and dress maker. MILLEE, ALLEN, (Valatle,) blacksmith. Miller, Henry. (Kinderhook,) farmer 207. MILLEE, HENEY L., (Valatle,) commis- sioner of hiehwaye. Miller, Jacob, (Valatie,) farmer 60. Miller, James, (Valatie,) druggist. Insur- ance agent and justice of the peace. Miller, Martin^Valatie,) farmer 140. MILLEE, NILES, (Kinderhook,) farmer. Miller, Peter I., (Valatie,) farmer BO. Miller, Eeuben, (Valatle,) former 40. Miller, Stephen I.,(Klnderhook,) farmer 140. Miller, T. S., (Kinderhook,) farmer 100. Miller, Wesley, (Kinderhook,) farmer 163. Miller, Wm. C, (Kinderhook,) firmer 166. Miller, Wm. L, (Valatle,) firmer 125. MILLEE, WILSON, (Valatle,) town clerk, agent for A. M. U. Ezpreas Co. and telegraph operator. Mitchell, W. J., (Valatle,) undertaker. Mitchell, W. J. Mrs., (Valatle,) millinery and fancy goods, MIX, WM. B., (Kinderhook,) drugs, medi- cines, paints, oils &ci,. also groceries and provisions. . Murrell, Geo., (Kinderhook,) general mer- chant. National Bank of Kinderhook, (Kinder- hook,) Wm. E. Meealek, president; John J. VanSchack, cashier. National Union Bank of Kinderhook, (Kin- derhook,) Wm. H. Tobey, president ; Wm. H. Eainey, cashier. NEW, ABNEE A., (NlvervlUe,) (jonstable. NICHOLAS, HIEAM D., (Ejqderhook,) shoemaker. NIVEE, MICHAEL, (Nlverville,) manuf. of silver, gold and plated ware polish, catarrh and corn medicine. Nlver, M. Mrs., (Nlverville,) farmer 66, Pachman, Geo., (Nlverville,) farmer 110. Packman, Qideon, (Nlverville,) farmer lOS. PACKMAN, JOHN, (Nlverville.) farmer 170. PACKMAN, NOETON, (Kinderhook,) far- mer 133>f . PALMBE, CHARLES, (Kinderhook,) stoves, tin ware &c. PALMBE, E. H., (Nlverville,) prop, Kin- derhook Lake House. Parsons, Henry L., (Valatie,) dealer In patent white wire clothes lines. PATTEESON, GEO. C, (Kinderhook,) saloon keeper. Fatton, James, (Valatle,) furniture dealer and undertaker. i Paner, Louis, (Kinderhook,) barber, PECK, BDWABD, (Nlverville,) lawyer and (farmer 240. Penoyar, E. S., (Valatie,) (Bichmond ., estate of (Valotle,) t34 acres. Van Allen, Peter D., (Einderbook,) farmer 108. Van Allen, Wm., (Sinderhobk,) firmer leas- es of Mrs. Van Allen, Vm. Van Alstyne, F, B., (Klnderhook,) dmgglst. Van Alstyne, Peter P., (Valatlo,) flirinerSO. Van Buren, James I., (Valati^,) fnaeon. VAN DKRBOGAET, ABBAM, (Valatie,) cigar mttnnf. VANDYCK, ISAAC, (Kindesjiook,) super- intendent Barl's cotton ^tonr. Van Dyk, M. Mrs., (Valatie,) millmety and fancy goods. ^ Van Eps, Albert B., (ESnd^rfio A,) grocery. Van Loan, John, (Emderhook,) castom tailor. VAN8CHAA0K, JOHN A., (Kinderiiook,) commlBsiouer of highways and farmer 133. Van Schaack, Manton, (Einderhook,) prin- cipal of Klnderhook ACadenqr, Van Sohack, John J., (K.inderhook,)ca8liier National Bank of Klnderhook. Van Slyck, A., (Valatie,) fiirmer 112. VanSlyck & Harrison, (Valatie,) (i%fe»* B. Van Slyck and L. Harrisoni) drnggiste. VAN SLYCK, JAMES, (Valatie,) farmer 140. ' Van Slyck, James T., (Vn:l8tie,yfarmer m%. VANSLYCK, JOHN J., (Valatie,) shoe maker. Van Slyok, Peter B., (Valatie,) (Von Slyck it BarHton.) VANVALKENBUBGH, ANDREW L, (Kinderhook,') farmer 180. Van Valkenbnrgh, B., (Klnderhook,) farmer 139. Van Valkenbnrgh, John I., (Kinderhook,) farmer 66. Van Vaiklnbnrgh, Wm. F., (Kinderhook,) carriage painter. VAN yOLKlNBURGH, C. M., (Kinder- hook,) saddle and harness mannf., over- seer of the poor andpolice constable. Vosbnrgh, James C, (mnderhook,) nnr- seiyman and Ikrmer IDO. Votitiargh,John, (Valatie,) retired farmer 9. Wagoner, EraBtas,(Kinderhook,)former 103. Wagoner, Sylvester, (Kinderhook,) farmer 148.: Ward, John W., JValatie.) farmer 1. Weaver, Aaron, UiTiverville,) farmer 65. Weills, J. C. S. Rev., (Valatie,) pastor of Lutheran Chnreb, Wendel, Julia, (Niverville,) telegraph operator. Wheeler, Peter G., (Valatie,) shoemaker. WHITE, GEO. H., (Valatie,) builder and jobber. WILD,ALPRBD,nr8latie,) Cf. WUde' &meO WILD, CHARLES, (Valatie,) (iV. WUdt' Sont.) WILD'S, N. SONS, (Valatie,) (.Alfred and Charlea,) manufS. of printing cloths. Wilder, Geo., (Klnderhook,) farmer 820. Witbeck, A. V. D., (Kinderhook,) clerk of Board of Supervisors and dealer in groceries and prbviBions. (Post Office Addresses in Parentheses.) Allen, Jeremiah, (Endson,) batcher and farmer 11. Barringer, John, (Linlitbgo,) termer 78. BAERINGER, JOHN B., (Glenco Mills,) carpenter and builder, wool and cotton carding, manuf. Excelsior Corn Husks and Tow, and farmer 16, BATHRICK, HIRAM, (Hamtduevsville,) farmer 269. BECKER, CHAS. C, (Glehco Milla,) far- mer leases of Henry G., 182. Becker, Henry G., (Livingston,) farmer 247. Becker, Peter, (Linlitbgo,) grocer and small beer manuf. Best, John E., (LinlithgO,) iltrmerl07. BEST, THOMAS, (Glenca.MiIlB,) Ibnner 240. Best, Tunie, (Livingston,) Rirmisr 160. BINGHAM, CHAS. E., (Germantown,) manuf. straw wrappingpapeF, flour and feed, at Baker's Mills, and Ikrmer. Blase, Adam, (Glenco !Mill8,') caf^nter. BLUE STORE HOTEL, (Blue State.) Wm. H. Washburn, prop. Bogardus, Wm. 9., (Hudson,) farmer 124. Boice, E2hi, (Litalitlwo,) farmer SH- Brewer, Henty, estate of, (Hudson,) 115 acres. BREWER, JOHN B., (Hudson,) farmer 94}i. BrialjWm. A.^lermont,) farmer 1. BROWER, JOHN, (Hudson,) farmer leases estate of Henir Brewer, 115. BRYANT, HENRY, (Churchtown,) farmer leases of Milton, 133. BRYANT, MILTON, (Churchtown,) farmer 336. Cathin, Andrew, (Livingston,) farmer leas- es of David Miller, 263. CLUM, JACOB H., (Blue Store,) farmer 209. Clnm, Reuben, (Livingston,) farmer 173. COLE & HART, (Lmlithgo,) (Peter Cole and John Mart,) gill net and seine fac- tory. COLE, PETER, (Linlitbgo,) ((7ofe * Bart,) prop. Linlithgo Hotel. Cole, Samuel, Jr., (Livingston,) general mercliant. S68 COL UMBIA CeUNTT B VBINMSS DIBMCTOB T. D cq Chatham Fonndrjr and Hachmie Shop. P. F. HULBERT & SON, MannfacturerB of all kinds of '«^- Plows & Plow Castings ' Heavy Machinery, Light Job Work, Corn Shellers, Hoad Scrapers, Hulhert'e Patent Horae Blocke, Hulbert's Chilled Iron Sleigh Shoes, &c., &c. Chatham, Columbia County, N. Y. Wbrk executed promptly and neatly. Old Iron taken & exchange for Castings. SEWING MACHINES! To all that are interested in the purchasing of SBWING MACHINES, we would advise to look at the Heeler & Wilson SILENT New ana Ii FEED, • Columbia Co. It is the best Family Sewing Machine now in market. Salesroom, 164 Warren Street, HUDSON, IV. T. J. D. FOWLER, Agent, Machines sold by Installments. All kinds R^jiaired. fashionable'ha^ Dresser, (Jf^rst Suildinff Selow the Iforih Souse,) ]Vo. 79 W^arren Street, - Hudson, ST. ¥. AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF Per/iemery, ffair Oils, S'otnades, Mair T>ye, Srushes, Combs, Razors and Strops, Portmonies, Cigar Case§, Shirts, Collars, JVecX; Hies, Cravats, Gloves, JSTosiery, Umbrellas, &c. N. B. — Hair Cutting and Curling in every style. Also Hair Coloring and Shampooing. No pains spared to pleaee. Call and try. © i ""•Si ^•> ^ S > g a2>, B r ™ g «« 5 ■'■9 ^ « . !§ •« 9^ ^ I'sl ' — ^ *" "^ OS ? S LIVINGSTON, 259 COON, GEORGE W., (Clermont,) town as- BeBBor and farmer 190. Coon, Harmon, (Glenco Mills,) mason and larmer 5. Coon, Henry, (Linlitligo,) farmer IX. Coon, Jacob, (HumphreyBvUle,) brmer6. Coon, Jonas, (Glenoo Mills,) poor master and constable. Coon, Jongs, Jr., (Glenco Mills,) farmer 10. Coon, Peter, (Livingston.) farmer 1. , Coon, William, (Bine Store,) wagon maker. Cooper, Christopher, (Linllthgo,) farmer , 116. COOPBR, EOBEKT, (Hudson,) farmer 170. Crofts, Alex. L., (Linllthgo,) farmer 625. DBCKEE, CHAS. L., (Glenco Mills,) far- mer leases of estate of Walter Decker, 150. DBGKBE, CHA3. H., (Livingston,) farmer 160. Decker, Franklin, (Glenco Mills,) farmer leasee of Walter Decker, 185. DBCKEE, JOHN H., (Clermont,) farmer 150. Decker, Joshua, (Clermont,) farmers. Decker, Mahala Mrs., (Clermont,) farmerl. Decker, Nicholas, (Livingston,) farmer IJf . DECKEE, EOBBET, (Livingston,) farmer 129. Decker, Saimnel N., (Glenco Mills,) termer leases of Simeon, 108. Dicker. Simeon, (Gleuco Mills,) farmer 314. DECKBK, SUYDAM, (Glenco Mills,) prop. Glenco Hotel. Decker, Walter, estate of, (Glenco Mills,) 346 acres. . , _ Decker, Walter J., (Livingston,) farmer 183. Drake, Sebra A., (Linllthgo,) steamboat pngiueer. DTJSINBERRE, THUS. 8. KwT., (Living- ston,) pastor Eeformed Charoh«f Lin- lithgo at Johnstown. Eitelman, Daniel, (Livingston,) blacksmith, EITLBMAN, JOHN, (OlenCo Mills,) car- riage ironer and horseshoeing black- smith. Blkenbnrgh, Wm., (Blizaville,) farmer 17. Finear, Adam, (Livingston,) farmer 260. FINGAR, GERMAN, (Livingston,) farmer 843. ' ' Fingar, Henry, (Elizaville,) farmer leases of German, 260. FINGAR, SILAS, (Livingston,) flirmer. ^Foland, James, (Clermont,) farmer 145. FOLAND, ZACHAKIAH J., (Clermont,) Foote, Orlando B., (Blue Stbre,) stock 1 >de»l«r and farmer 172. FRANK, JAMBS, (Glenco Mills,) miller, Glenco Plonriug and Custom Mills. FRITTS, WM., (Hudson,) farmer 151. Funk, Peter, (Livingston,) farmer. •QARDljfER, PBTBR, (Living^ston,) farmer Gardner, RoTiert, (Livingston.) Ihrmaf J95. (Jeroldseek, J. Lewl8,(LiVlngBtQn,) painter. GLENCO FLOURING AND CUSTOM MILLS, (Glenco Mills,) Wm. M. Miller & Co., props. GLENCO HOTEL, (Glenco Mills,) Suydam Decker, prop. GRAY, JOHN, (Elizaville,) dealer in dry goods,^groceries,crockery, boots, shoes, plows &c., and farmer 10. Hallenbeck, Isaac, (Hudson,) farmer 125X- Hallenbeck, Martin H., (Catskill Station,) farmer 80. Ham, Cornelius, (Livingston,) farmer 130. HAM, James, (Livingston,) farmer .306. HAM, JAMES W., ((flenco Mills,) farmer 160. Ham, Leonard W., (Glenco Mills,) farmer 187. Ham, Myron, (Livingston,) farmer leases of Seth Patrie, 166. Ham, Peter T., (Livingston,) farmer 182. HAM, :pHILIP, (West Taghkanick,) mer- chant and custom miller. Hani, Philip T., (Glenco Mills,) farmer 151. HAM, 8ION, (Livingston,) farmer 104. Ham, Zachariah, (Glenco Mills,) farmer 140. Hapeman, Chas., (Elizaville,) farmer leases of H. H., 176. Hapeman, Henry H., (Elizaville,) farmer 201 HART, JOHN, (Catskill Station,) (Oo'e * Hart,) fruit dealer and farmer 1. Harvey, Henry C, (Linllthgo,) farmer 110. Harvey, John H. Mrs., (Llnlithgo,) farmer 190. Haynor, Jacob, (Livingston,') farmer 132. Hermance, Edward, (Livingston,) prop. Livingston Hotel, Johnstown. HOLLBNBECK, ANDREW, (Hudson,) cummissioner of highways and farmer 150. Holleubeck, John, (Catskill Station,) far- mer 20. Hollenbeck, Samnel, (Catskill Station,) farmer 25. Hood, Robert, (Livingston,) lawyer and civil engineer. Horton, Jacob, (Livingston,) physician. Honghont, Rachel Miss, (Glenco Mills,) mrmer 17. HO VBE, FREDERICK T., (Linllthgo,) car- penter and joiner and farmer 120. HOVER, JOHN N., (Linllthgo,) farmer 340. HOVER, MARTIN H., (Linllthgo,) ft-uit grower, gardener and farmer 11. Hover, Solomon, (Linllthgo,) farmer leases of Wm. W.l166. HOVER, WM. W., (Linllthgo,) farmer 165. HUDSON, WM., (Germantown.) horse shoeing, carriage ironing and general blacksmithing, ^t Baker's Mills. Hntchings, Jacob, (Clermont,) farmer 206. Jackson, Lewis, (Churchtown.) farmer 85. Jones, Fermelia Mrs., (Linllthgo,) farmer 27. Keener, Wm., (Bine Store.) farmer leases 200. KRICK, JOHN, (Blue Store,) horse shoe- ing, carriage ironing and general black- smithing. LASHER, WALLACE, (Elizaville,) farmer 178. Lawton, 011761*^ (Livingston,) farmer 4. Like, Henry, (Livingston,) farmer 5. LINK, CALEB R., (Livingston,) farmer LINLITHQO FLOURING MILLS, (Liv- ingston;) Jacob H. Proper, prop. LINLITHQO HOTEL, (Linllthgo,) Peter Cole, prop. 260 LIVINGSTON. LIVINGSTON, BOROCKHOLSTH,, (Cler- mont,) farmer 140. LIVINGSTON, HENET W., (Livlngeton,) home reBideiice 12 acree, and 613 under LIVINGSTON, HBBMAN, (Catekill Sta- tion,) farmer 283. LYNK, PHILIP L., (Germantown,) dealer in dry goods,, groceries, provisipris, crockery, hardware Ac, at Baker's Mills. Mackey, W. A. Eev., (Elizaville,) pastor M. ^. Church of Union Corners. MANSFIELD, JAMBS L., (Livingston,) carriage and Wagon maker, painter and blacksmith. . Marshall, Milo C, (Livingstpn,) bmck- smith. McCagg, Peter H., (Linlithgo.) farmer 5. MoINTTKE, J. MoD., (Linlithgo,) farmer 250. • MEAD, ZACHARIAH, (Germantown,) teamster for C. E. Bingham. Melius, Peter, (Hudson,) farmeri. Methuen, Mark, (Livingston,) btitcher. Miligan, Wm. P., (Hndson,) retired painter and farmer 3. MILLER, CATHAHINB H. MBB.,(LiTingB- ton,) estate of Henry L. Miller, farmer 144. Miller, David, (Livingston,) farmer 595. MILLEE, GEO. A., (Livingston,) l>oot and ' shoe manuf. MILLEE, HAEVEY, (Livingston,) farmer 123. Miller, John H., (Livingston,) farmer. Miller, Joseph, (Livingston,) (.Miller <& Shutts.) farmer 813. Miller, Margaret Mrs., (Livingston,) firmer 226. Miller, Morris N., (Linlithgo,) farmer ^6, Mijler, Peter, (Linlithgo,) farmer leases of Mrs. Catharine Piass, Greenport, 8tf. MILLEE, EEUBENS., (Chnrehtuwn,) far- mer 161. MILLEE, SAMUEL L., (Olenco Mills,) ( Wm. M. Miller * Co.) MILLEE & SHUTTS, (Linlithgo,) (JotepA Miller and Joieoh Shutts,) farmers 884. Miller, Stephen, (Livingston,) farmer 22. Miller. Thos., (Linlithgo,) farmer 236. MILLER, THOS. B., (Livingston,) fermer. Miller, Tobias, (Linlithgo,) farmer 163. Miller, Webster, (Livingston.) farmer. MILLER, WM. M. & CO., (Glenco Mills,) (Hamuel L,,) prop. (Jlenco riouring and Custom Mills, MONTGOMERY, JAMES, (Hndson.) civil engineer and, Livingston. Manor t)lace, farmer 816. MOORE, ALLEN, (Bine Store,) farmer leases of Joseph Valentine, J5a. Moore, Edward, (Blue Store,) carpenter. Moore, Jacob, (Hudson,) farmer 14. ■ MOOEE, LEWIS, (Livingston,) firmer leases of Wm. H. Snyder, 2Sa. ■ Moore, Philip H., (Hudson,) farmer 150. Moore, Walter, (Livingston,) farujer 176 NIVEE, JACOB, (Chnrchtown™armer05 NlVER, NORMAN, (Glenco MillsTcaN riage and sleigh maker. PATEfe, ALEX, (Livingston.) farmer 196. Patrle, Henry I., (Livingston,) farmer 800. PATEIE, JOHN H., (Livingston,) estate of Frederick P. Stickles, farmer leases S20i Patrie, Margaret Mrs., (Livingston,) firmer 40. PATEIE, EUPU8,(Livlngston,) farmer 160. PATEIE, SETH, (Livingston,) farmer 819 PATRIE, THOS. A., (Livingston,) farmer leases of Alex., 196. PATTEN, JOHN, ' (Linlithgo,) station agent, Livingston Station, H. E. B. H. Perlee, Henry, (Linlithgo,) farmer 16S. Perlee, John, (Linlithgo,) fruit speoalator and firmer 2. Perlee, Sylvester. (Linlithgo,) farmer 6. PIESTBE, ZACHARIAH^ (Hudson,) far- mer ISO, Pindar, Edward E., (Hudson,) farmer leases qf. Gardner Hojjenbeck, Greenport, 60. Plnder, Jacob, (Linlithgo,) farmer 3 PLASSL, ALBEET, (Hudson,) firmer leases of James. Montgomery, 175. PlasB, Join, (Linlithgo,) carpenter. Plainer, Geo., (Blue Store,) (withHmn S..) farmer 30O. Plainer, Henry S., (Blue Store,) (with George,) farmer 800. Plainer, M. Mrs.. (Linlithgo,). farmer 1. POTTS, HENRY L., (Livingston,) farmer 82. Potts, Jacob L., (Hndiion,) farmer 220. Potts, John L., (Livingston,) farmer 118, Potts, Lewis, (Hudson,) farmer leasea of Jacob L., 820. ' POTTS^MAETZNL., (Glenco Mills,) far- mer 160. Potts, Stephen A., (Livingston,) refused to give informatidn. Potts, Wilson, (Livingston,) farmer leases of John L.', 119. Prllimier, Wm. H., (Livingston,) farmer 106. PROPEH, JACOB H., (Livingston.) town supervisor, prop. Linlithgo PlourlBir Mills and farmer SO. Proper, John W., (Livingston,) fanner 1. PROPER, LEONARD s., (Qlenoo Mills,) firmer S3. Proper, Philip W., (Linlithgo,) mason and finnerS. Proper, Bensselaer, (Elizaville,) firmer 814; EAYNOR. ALBERT, (Hudson,) (with Wm. W.,) farmer J87. EAYNOR, WM. W., (Hudson,) (wifh AU bert,) firmer 137. Rector, Adam, (Hudson,) farmer 9. REEVE, OLIVEB J., (Livingston,) ftnlt grower ana farmer 152. Eloe, Cha8.,.(Blue Store,) cooper. Elfenburgh, Edward, (tlviflgston,) bntcbw and, farmers. ROCKEPELLBB, JONAS W., (Glenoo MillBj farmer 164, ' ^ EockefeUet, Bbbert. (Glenco Mills,) but- cberan^ farmer 7. •HOBABACK. JJMORY. (Glenco MUle,) harness Jijaltijr and garrioge trimmer. BOSSMAJ?, JAMBS, (Livingston,) poat master and former 165. Bowe, Johii, (Livingston,) firmer 140, Eowe, Wesley, (Clermont,) farmer 180. Sanlpangh, Andrew, (Livingston,) tiljun - Saulpanghj,John, (Clermont,) firmer 107. LVriNOSTON. 263 8CHEEMEEH0EN, JOHN H., (Glenco MillB,) prop, of saw mill. , Seism, Henry. (JSlizavUle,) farmer 1 and leases of J. H. Decker, ISO: ' SHEAR, HENET, (LlTlngston,) jflBtice of the peace and nursery 3. Sheffer, Albert, (Linlithgo.) carpenter. ' Sheldon, Job, (ChnrcbtowD,) farmer 16. Sheldon, Myron, (Linlithgo,) faimer leases of Morns N. Miller. 850. SHELDON, WHITING, (Glenco Mills,) farmer 170. SHCTf S, JOSEPH, (Linlithgo,) (MUler A Shutts.) SflUTTS, SAMUEL, (Livingston,! dealer in dry goods, groceries, crockery, paints, oils <&c., and secretary Liv- Ingfton Town Insnrance Co. SHUTTS, STEPHEN S., (Livingston,) far- mer ITT. Shntts, Walter, (Livingston,) farmer SCO. SILVEENAIL, ANDRBW, (Chnrchtown,) (with Benry Walter,) farmer 189. SILVEENAIL, HENET WALTER, (Chnrchtown,) (with Andrew,) farmer 189. Silvernail, John C, (Chnrchtown,) farmer. Simmon, Margaret Mrs., (Livingston,) far- mer 8. SIMMONS, LEVI, (Hudson,) farmer S09. Slater, Jatnes, (Linlithgo,) carpenter. Smith, Albert P., (Elizaville,) school teach- er. Smith, Asahel, (Livingston,) farmer 168. Smith, Hannah Mrs., (LivingstoUi) farmer 33. SMITH, JOHN P., (Livingston,) wagon and carriage maker. Smith, John P., (Livingston,) commi,»sion- er of highways aniTfarmep Iffil. SMITH, THEOUOEB M., (Livingston,) harness maker and carriage trlmiber. SMITH, WM. W., (Linlithgo,) blacksmith and farmer iX- Smith, Z. P., (. eal* ana F. A. HuU,) harness, tranks &c. Gale, Susan Mrs., (West Lebanon.) farmer 200. GALE, WM. F., (Lebanon Springs,) (Hon- iel Oale . C. And other uses, constantly on hand. Orders solicited. Price list sent on applica- tion. JOHN KENDAIiL,. EDWARD C. CI4ARK. NEW LEBANON. 267 LUSTHOFF, CHAS., (Lebanon Springs,) griet mill. LTnch, Michael, (Lebanon Springe,) for- mer 9a. Uadleou, R. II. Mise, (Lebanon Springs,) farmer 160. Mahah, T., (Canaan Four Comers,) farmer 180. Maine, Wm. A., (New Lebanon,) fanner 80. ♦MALLISON, HBNET B., (Lebanon, Springs,) jewelry and silver ware. Mangan, BdVard, (Lebanon Springs,) far- mer 8. Mantle, John, (Lebanon Springs,) saw ' dentist. Marshall, Geo. W., (West Lebanon,) firmer leases Shaker farm. McNamee, Thos., (Canaan Four Corners,) farmer 37. MoVBT.'JOHN jaav., (New Lebanon or Lebanon Springs.) pastor Union Chnrcbes at NeW Lebanon and Lebanob . Springs. MoWILLIAMS, JOHN, (Lebanon Springs,) dentist. MERRILL, CHA8. W., (New Lebanon,) carpenter. MEEKILL, J. B., (New Lebanon Center,) carpenter. Merrill, Noah, (New Lebanon Center,) car- penter. Mooney, A., (New Lebanon,) farmer 100 and. {with Thotnat Bemenway,) prop, lime kiln. Moore, Walter S., (Brainard, Rensselaer Co, ,) bntcher and farmer SO. . Morey, Hannah and Jalia Misses, (Lebanon Springs,) farmers 174.' ' ' Mott, Thos., (West Lebanon,) farmer 110. Murdock, Emily and Clarissa, (New Le- banon.) farmers 100. Murphy, James, (C^ew Lebanon Center,)' farmer 145. Myers, Francis, (Lebanon Springs,) hair dresser. Nelson, J. S., (New Lebanon Center,) gen- eral merchant and post master. OBERMAIBR, JOHN, (West Lebanon,) shoe maker and farmer 11. O'Connor, Martin, (Lebanon Springs,) far- « mer 90. O'Neil, Thos., (New Lebanon,) farmer 3. Owen, S., (Lebanon Springs,) farmer 500. Parsons, Albert B., (Lebanon Springs,) vinegar manuf. Feabody^ Benjamin, (New Lebanon,) far- mer 66. Perkins, Wm. D., (New Lebanon Center,) mason, gardener and farmer 30. Philips, Orrm G., (East Chatham,) farmer 82. Qnaid, Edward, (New Lebanon Center,) former 10. Redmon, Patrick, (East Chatham,) fanner 443tf. Reynolds, Benj, F., (New Lebanon,) printer for Tilden & Co. Reynolds, John, (Brainard,RenBselaerCo.,) (witfi Martin,) farmer 65. Reynolds, Martin, (Brainard, Rensselaer Co.,) (with Johno farmer 65. Rich, B. F., (Lebanon Springs,) farmer 4. RIEBEN, FREDERICK, (East Chatham,) farmer 140. Richmond, C. J., (Lebanon Springs,) har- ness maker. ' I .. ■ RICHMOND, L. B., (New Lebanon Center,) (5. H. Richmond & Co.) RICHMOND, S. H., (M^w Lebanon Cen- ter,) {3. H. Siehnuma <£ Co.,) farmer RICHkbiTD, S. H. & CO., (New Lebanon Center,) (i. B. Bichnumcl,) hardware, stoves &c. Roberts, Frederick, (Lebanon Springs,) fish market. ■ ROBERTS, TABOR B., (East Chatham,) ' 'former 80. ■ Ronse, Sidney J., (West Lebanon,) con- ' Stable ' ' ' ROWLEY, I. E., (Lebanon Springs,) rev- enue officer and former 100. Royce, Henry A., (Lebanon Springs,) far- ' mer 336. Royce, Ira, (Lebanon Springs,) retired for- mer. ROTCB, JOSEPH K., (Lebanon Sprmgs,) farmer 336. Sackett, Aaron A. D,, (Lebanon Springs,) cattle dealer and farmer 90. Sackett, Marvin, (West Lebanon,) snrvey- or and former 140. Sails, E., (East Chatham,) former 3. Sails, Edmon;' (New Lebanon Center,) far- mer 33. Salmon, George P., (New Lebanon Center,) alio, physician. Sands, A. Mrd., (New Lebanon,) farmer. Sanford. 'H. B. Mrs., (Lebanon Springs,) farmer 163; ' SANFOKD, N. B. H., (Lebanon Springs,) ""rper'" OR farmer leases 153. Scott, Wm. R., (Canaan Four Corners,) far- mJerS. Sedgwick, Warren, (LebMion Springs,) laborer. Sherman, Benoni, (Canaan Fonr Corners,) farmer 250. Sherman, Marvin, (West Lebanon,) farmer 160. Sherman, M. J,, (West Lebanon,) farmer 160. SHERMAN, SILAS, (West Lebanon,) far- mer. Sherman, Wm., (West Lebanon,) former 133. Shillinger, Andrew, (West Lebanon,) ma- chine shop, saw mill and farmer 34. Shillinger, George, (West Lebanon,) me- chanic. Shamway, John B., (Lebanon Springs,) carpenter. Shumway, Samnel G., (Lebanon Springs,) carpenter and farmer 6. Shumway, Wm. D., (Lebanon Springs,) carpenter. SKUSTNER, SAMUEL P., (New Lebanon,) farmer 136. Smith, Alex., (Brainard, Rensselaer Co.,) farmer 40. Smith, Burnet B., (West Lebanon,) farmer 70. Smith, David A., (New Lebanon Center,) carpenter. Smith, John, (West Lebanon,) honse painter and farmer 30. carpenter. SANFORD, W. A., (Lebanon Springs,) S68 NEW LEBANON. SMITH, MILO B., (West Lfebanon,) fitrmer loaopa inn Smith, Eichard, (West Lebanon,) farmer 100. SPENCBK, C. H., (New Labanon,) farmer 108. Spencer, Harlow, (West Lebanon,) farmer 70. Spier, ChSB., (New Lebanon Center,) farmer 30O. Spier, Ezra H., (New Lebanon Center,) far- mer 180. Steele, L. J., (New Lebanon Center,) far- mer 12. Stewart, AmoB, (llottnt Lebanon,) elder Second Family of Shakers. Snllivan, John, (New Lebanon,) saloon and farmer 16. Snllivan, Michael, (New Lebanon Center,) farmer leases 93. TANNER BEOS., (Lebanon Springs,) (H. D. and E. S,,) meat market. TANNBE, E. S., (Lebanon Springs,) (Tan- ner Bros.) Tanner, E. T., (Lebanon Springs,) general merchant. TANNEE, H. D., (Lebanon Springs,) (TVin- ner Brot.) Tanner, NelBon,(Lebanon Springs,) retired. Thomson, E. Mies, (Brainard, Rensselaer Co.,) tailoresB and farmer 70. Thomson, James, (Brainard, Bensselaer Co.,) butcher and farmer 10. Thompson, N. E., (New Lebanon,) mana- ger W. U. telegraph ofSce. Tlcknor, A. K.. (New Lebanon,) farmer 10. TILDEN & CO., (New Lebanon,) {Motes and Hervry,) manufacturing chemists and pharmaceutists, props. New Le- banon Hotel and farmer 600. TILDEN, HBNET, (New Lebanon,) (TU- dtn i. Dingman, Lawrence, (Stockport.) farmer 100. Singman, Mills, (Stockport,) operatlTe In paper mill. Dolan, Andrew, (Stockport,) gardener. Dolan, Jane Mrs., (Stockpory resident, a., (Stuyvesant Falls,) farm farmer Donohue, Wm, 43. Drum, Edward, (Stockport,) sboe maker. Dun, Susan Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Bdgley, Isaac, (Stockport,) brewer and sa- loon keeper. Edgley, Jacob, (Stockport,) machinist Em- pire Loom Wooks and farmer 1. Eitelman, Chas., (Stockport,) blacksmith Empire Loom Works. Elting, Abram, (Stottville,) laborer. EMPIRE GEIST MILL, (Stockport,) Peter Philp, prop. EMPIRE HEDDLE WOEKS, (Stockport,) Catharine E. Pinkie, Peter Philip, supt. EMPIRE HOUSE, (Stockport,) Geo. E. She] ton, prop. EMPIRE LOOM WOEKS, (Stockport,) E. Reynolds, prop. Euler, Peter, (Stockport,) laborer. Bvertson, Wm. H., (Stuyvesant Falls,) far- mer 125. Finkle, Ralph H., (Stuyvesant Falls,) far- mer leases SOO. Fisher, Geo. Rev., (Stockport,) pastor Episcopal Church. Pordham, Philander, (Cozsackie, Greene Co.,) farmer 87. Fowler, C. Eev., (Stockport,) pastor M. E. Church. Fredenburgh, Sylvester, (Stockport,) la- borer. Freelen, Martin, (Stottville,) operative In flannel mills. French, Wm. B., (Hudson,) carpenter, far- mer 137>i and in Greene Co. 78. Gardner, Mary Mrs., ^Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Gay, Sophia Mrs., (Coxsaekie, Greene Co.,) farmer 182. Gibbons, Thomas, (Stockport,) operative in paper mill. Qorsline, Richard L., (Stockport,) team- ster. Goulding, Ann Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Gowans, Wm., (Stockport,) farmer 2. Grady, Patrick J., (Stockport,) overseer of the poor, constable and farmer 12!f . GEANGEE, A. M., (Stockport,) mannf. manilla paper. Ham, Chas., (Stockport,) carpenter and farmer. Ham, Henry E., (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Ham, Jordan K., (Stockport,) laborer. Ham, Michael, (Stockport,) resident. Ham, Peter A., (Stuyvesant Falls,) farmer HAM, 8. H., (Stockport,) general merchant, prop, saw mill, manuf. hay hoops, jus- tice of the peace, post master and far- mer 8. Hapeman, John H., (Stockport,) moulder Empire Loom Works. Harder, Edward B., (Stockport,) machinist Empire Loom Works. Harder, James, (Stockport,) laborer. Harder, Peter, (Stuyvesant Falls,) farm laborer. Harder, Eichard, (Stottville,) farmer 60. Harder, Wm. H., (Stockport,) town collec- tor and tailor. Hardick, Cornelius, (Stockport,) (with John C) farmer 120. Hardick, John C, (Stockport,) (with Oar- neli-us,) farmer 190. Harold, Eichard, (Stockport,) operative in cotton mills. Haskins, Stephen, (Stockport,) town as- sessor and farmer 60. HEAD, HENRY S., (Stockport,) foreman foundry. Empire Loom Works. Head, James Mrs., (Stockport,) operative in cotton mill. Healey, Martin, (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Heap, John, (Stockport,) operative in cot- ton mill. Helms, Maria Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Henderson, Geo., (Stockport,) farmer 2. Heney, Joseph, (Stockport,) operative In dptton mills. Hess, Geo. W., (Stottville,) butcher. Hiscox, Joseph, (Stockport,) farmer 26>^. Hiscox, Eichard Eev., (Stockport,) Meth- odist minister and farmer 80. Hoes, J., (Stockport,) prop. Mansion House and farmer 40. Hoes, John A., (Stockport,) farmer. HOES, THEODGEE, (Stockport,) farmer 80. HOES, WILLIAM, (Stuyvesant Falls,) far- mer 166. Holmes, Adeline" Mrs., (StottvUle,) oper- ative in flannel mills. Houghnail, Frederick, (Stottville,) oper- ative in flannel mills. Houston, Thos., (Stockport,) operative in cotton mill. Hubar, Christopher, (Stockport,) machin- ist Empire Loom Works and farmer 2. Hubbard, Hannah Mrs., (Stockport,) far- mer 1. Hudelston, Chas. W., (Stottville,) teamster, flannel mills. Hudelston, John, (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Hudelston, Wm., (Stottville,) laborer. Hudson, Wm., (Stottville,) blacksmith. Hudson, Wm., (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Huston, Geo., (Stockport,) paper maker. Huston, John, (Stockport,) laborer. Huston, Wm., jstockport,) painter. Em- pire Loom Works. Hyde, James, (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Hyde, Wm., (Stockport,) machinist and farmer SO. Jackson, Oscar, (Stockport,) operative in paper mill. James, Thomas H., (Stockport,) foreman carpenter shop. Empire Loom Works, and farmer 2. Jerome, F. 8., (Stodjport,) foreman brick yard and farmer Wases 123. STOCKPORT. 271 Jerome, Lydla Mrs., (Stockport,) boarding bouBe. JoDea, B. F., (Stockport,) mlllwrlgbt. JITDSON, AUGUSTUS, (Hudeon,) fcnlt farmer 100. JudBon, Frederick, (Stockport,) Tineyard Kearney, Arthur, (Stockport,) angineer Van De Carr's paper mill. Kelly, Margaret Mre., (Stockport,) opera- tive in cotton mill. Kenar, Ann Mrs., (Stockport,) laundress. KITTLE, JACOB, (Stockport,) grist and saw mills, and farmer leases 100. Kittle, James, (Stuyvesant Falls,) town as- sessor and farmer 124. Bnobloch, Jacob, (Stockport,) operatiye In Van De Carr's paper mill. Knott, John, (StottvUle,) operative in flan- nel mills. Lasher, Jerome, (Stockport,) machinist. LATHROP, G. CAPT., (Stockport,) retired steamboat captain and farmer 65. Lee, Henry, (Stuyvesant Falls,) operative in woolen mills. Leon, , (Stockport,) laborer. Lewis, Wm., (StottvUle,) operative In flan- nel mills. Link, Daniel H., (Stockport,) farmer 106. Link, Sylvester, (Stuyvesant Falls,) farm laborer. Longstaff, Francis, (Stockp6rt,) moulder Empire Loom Woi'ks. Lovejoy, Hattie Mrs., (Stockport.) farmer . BX. Mafflt, Martin, (Stockport,) laborer. Maguire, Frank, (Stockport,) farmer 3. Marenes, Chas. G., (Stockport,) supt. Wild's cotton mills. Marston, Francis, (StottvUle,) operative in flannel mills. Martin, Abram, (StottvUle,) farmer 106. McGargle, John J., (Stockport,) farmer 16, McKeever, Michael, (Stockport,) laborer. McLay, James, (StottvUle,) operative In flannel mills. McLean, John,(Stockport,) moulder Em- pire Loom Works. Mesick, Samuel, (Stockport,) farmer 1. Miller, Eichard, (Stockport,) laborer. Miller, Samuel, (Stockport,) operative In mattrass factory. Minnaugh, Joseph, (Stockport,) moulder Empire Loom Works and farmer 4. Moore, Andrew, (Stockport,) general mer- chant, hotel prop, and farmer 17. Morgan, Thos., (StottvUle,) operative in flannel mills. Morris, Gilbert, (StottvUle,) operative in flannel mUls. Morris, James, (StottviUe,) operative In flannel mUls. Morris, Theodore, (StottvUle,) operative In flannel mills. Morris, Wm., (StottvUle,) former 100. Morrisop, Wm., (StottvUle,) operative In flannel mills. Moss, Soman, (StottvUle,) operative in flannel mills. Moss, John, (StottvUle,) operative In flan- nel mills. Myers, John H., (StottviUe,) operative In flannel mills. NeveU, Geo., (Stockport,) operative in cot- ton mill. Nevill, James, (Stockport,) mason. Newlands, James, (Stockport,) farmer 4. O'Brien, Mary Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. O'Day, John, (Stnyresant FaUs,) farmer 2. Ortenreid, Fritz, (Stockport,) operative Empire Loom Works and farmer SX- Ostrom, Alfred, (Stuyvesant FaUs,) super- visor and farmer 29B. Patterson, Alex., (Stockport.) carpenter. Payson, M. H., (Stockport,) operative in Granger's paper mill. Peterson, James, (Stockport,) carpenter. PETERSON, JAMES B., (Stockport,) far- mer leases 247. PHILIP, PETER, (Stockportj) prop. Phil- ip's Spiral Com Husker Works, supt. Empire Heddle Works, prop. Empire Grist Mill and farmer 6. Pickett, Henrj; H., (Stockport,) operative in paper mUl. puling, Ann Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Pinder, Adolphus, (Stockport,) farmer 40. PlasB, Charity Mrs., (StottviUe,) farmer 2. Flass, Cornelius, (Stockport,) farmer 107. Plass, John, (StottvUle,) operative in flan- nel mills. PLASS, WM. H., (Stockport,) paper maker. Granger's MUls. Post, David, (StottvUle.) farmer 2. Post, Peter, (StottvUle,) teamster, flannel mlUs. Powell, Wm., (Stockport,) operative in paper mill. Prime, Richard, (Stuyvesant FaUs,) farm laborer. Pnltz, Jacob H., (Stockport,) freighter. PULTZ, NORMAN S., (Stockport,) farmer 100. Race, Gitty Mrs., (StottviUe,) boarding house and farmer 6. Reed, John, (Stockport,) owns 160 acres iji. Minnesota. ' ' Reynolds, G. B., (Stockport,) supt. Empire Loom Works. REYNOLDS, R., (Stockport,) prop. Empire Loom Works and termer 100. Roach, Mary Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Roberts, Chas. T., (Stockport,) operative In Granger's paper mill. Robson, Sarah Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Roden, Gnstavus, (Stockport,) flour and feed dealer and station agent Hudson River R. R. Rogers, Wells D., (Stockport,) operative in paper mill. Rossman, Jacob W., (Stockport,) manuf. straw wrapping paper. ROSSNER, LEWIS, (Stockport,) farmer 103. RUNDELL, J., (Stockport,) cider manuf. and farmer 160. Sagendorph, Robert, (Stuyvesant Falls,) farmer 20. Sanford, Whiting, (StottviUe,) operative in flannel mlUs. Sanganr, Julius, (StottviUe,) operative in flannel mUls. BCHERMBRHOEN, ISAAC M.,(Stottville,) alio, physician and surgeon, justice of the peace and fanner 3. Scott, Robert, (Stockport,) gardener and farmer 20. 272 STOCEPOBT. Sliapp, Lawrence, (Stockport,) boarding honse. Shaver, Ephraim B., (Stockport,) carpenter. Shaw, Jenkins, (Stockport,) farmer 170. Shaw, Lewie, (Stottville,) operative In flannel mills. Shea, John, (Stockport,) operative in paper mill. SHELDON, CHAS,, (Stockport,) prop. Moore's Hotel and town clerk. SHELTON, GHEO. B., (Stockport,) prop. Empire House and farmer 6. Shorten, Thos., (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Shnfelt, Cornelias G., (Stockport,) farmer S2. Shufelt, Geo., (Stottville,) operative In flannel mills. Shnltis, Wm. H., (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Shnltiss, Nicholas, (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Simmons, James, (Stockport,) farmer 1. Simmons, John N., (Stockport,) farmer iy(. Simster, Sarah Mrsj, (Stockport,) candy shop. •« Smith, Adam, (Stockport,) farmer IJf . »gmith, David, (Stottville,) farmer SO. Sfemlth, Isaac, (Stockport,) hide and wool dealer, frait raiser and {with Johriy Bobert L. and ■/broJ,) farmer TS. Smith, Jacob, (Stockport,) wool puller, far- mer 6 and (with Bobert L.,Jbhnan(X Isaac,) IB. SMITH, JOHN, (Stockport,)candle manuf., dealer in wool, hides, calf and sheep skins, vinegar manuf., ttnlt preserver, frnit raiser and (with Isaac, Bobert L. and Jacob,) farmer 75. Smith, John I., (Stockport,) woodworker Empire Loom Wor^s. Snyder, Frank M., (Hudson,) farmer leases 94. Stenerwald, John, ^tockport,) farmer 100. Stickles, Myron, (Stottville,) farmer B3. STOPHILBEEN, PETBB I., (Stockport,) carpenter, millwright and farmer 20. STOTT, C. H. & P. H., (Stottville,) (Chas. H. and frande B.,) props. Stott's Plannel Mills. STOTT, CHAS. H;, (Stottville,) (C. S. <& F. B. Stott^ post master. BTOTT, FRANCIS H., (StottvUIe,) (C. B. & F. H. Btott.) Snnan, Horace, (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Taylor, John, (Stockport,) operativO In cotton mills. Teal, Isaac N., (Stockport,) operative in Granger's paper mill. Teal, Mary Mrs., (Stockport,) resident. Tinker, Geo. H., (Stockport,) Owns firm in Iowa, 100. Toohey, Michael, (Stottville,) gardener. Toohey, Thos., (StottvUIe,) Operative in flannel mills. Trent, Sophia Mrs., (Stottville,) resident. Tmax, Francis, (Stottville,) ftriner 8. TEUAX, ISAAC S., (Stockport,) wagon maker and farmer 3. Underwood, Montgomery, (Stockport,) {milh N. 8. Pullz,) farmer. VALENTINE, WM. H., (Coxsackle, Greene Co.,) farmer 20. ' Van Alstyne, Abram C, (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer 112.- Van Bramer, John, (Stockport,) operative' in paper mill. Van Buren, Barent, (Stockport,) fkrmer 168. Van Bnren, Barent S., (Stuyveeant Falls,) farmer leases 185. Van Buren, Bartholomew, (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer 135. Van Bnren, Bartley L. Kev., (Stnyvesant Falls,) Baptist clergyman and farmer 62. Van Buren, Jobn, (Stockport,) town asses- sor and farmer 105. Van Clake, John H., (Stottville,) operative in flannel mills. Van Curen, Chester, (Stockport,) fanner leases 30. Van De Carr, HenrTrS., (Stockport,) prop. Eureka Straw Wrapping Paper Mills and land holder. Van De Carr, John B., (Stnyvesant Palls,) commissioner of highways and farmer 106. Vandecarr, Martin P., (Stottville,) farmer 92. Van Hoeaen, Casper C, (Stockport,) mason and fanner 1. Van Hosen, Henry, (StottvUIe,) operative in flannel mills. VAN fiENSSELABE, V., (Stottville,) gen- eral merchant, deptity post master and farmer 247. Van Slyke, Clark L., (Stockport,) operative . in cotton mills. Van Wagner, BeWamln, (Hudson,) (.with Prof. John and Isaac,) farmer works • 210. Van Wagner, Isaac, (Hudson,) (vMh Pri. Brown, Thos.. (Stnyvesant,) grocar. BBYANT, sMbON, (Stnyvesant Falls,) butcher and constable. Bums, John, (Schodack Landing, Bensse- laer Co.,) stone qnarrier and larmer 36. Burton, Wm., (Stnyvesant FaUs,) book- keeper for A. W. Van Hoesen CABB, ALFRED W., (Coxsackie, Qreanei Co.,) W. U. Telegraph operator aind baggage master, Coxsackie Station, Carr, Edward, (Coxsackie, Oreehe Co.,) station agent. Cury, Woolsey, (Schodack Landing, Bens- selaer Co.,) farmer 110. Chanplin, E. Mrs., (Schodack Landing, Bensselaer Co.,) resident. Chapman, ChanceyD., (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer leases of J. U. Van Hoesen. CHAPMAN, HENBY, (Stnyvesant Falls,) cooper, gardener ana fruit grower 30. CLAPP;Q.*S0N,(Stuyye8anti)(J»'OT.fl:,) props. Stnyvesant Hotel. Clapp, Hiram, (Stnyvesant,) groceries and yankea potions. •CLAPP, EODOLPH08, (Stnyvesant,) W. V. telegraph operator and grocer. CLAPP, WTU. H., (Stnyvesant,! (ff. Clapp <& Sm.) CLOUQH, ISAAC L., (Stnyvesant,) carpen- ter and joiner. Clow. Benjamin F., (Stuyvesant,) carpenter. CLOW, CHAS. C, (Coxsackie, Greene Coj) switch tender. Clow, Ephraim, (Stuyvesant,) firmer 90. Clow, James J., (Stnyvesant Falls,) shoe maker, justice of the peace and claim agent. Clow, Wm., (Stnyvesant,) teamster. COLXTMBIA WOOLEN FACTOBY, (Stuy- vesant Falls.) A. W. Van Hoesen^prop. CONNEE,MATHEW, (Stuyvesant Falls,) groceries and provisions. Conroy, John, (Stuyvesant,) farmer 1. Coonley, Garry, (Stuyvesant,) farmer leases 260. COONS, GEO., (Einderhook,) farmer. Cosgrove, Michael, (Stuyvesant Falls,) river pilot and farmer SO. Courts, BodolphuB, (Einderhook,) farmer 16. CRANDEItIi, JTAHIES, (Stnyvesant Falls,) custom bootand shoe maker and notary public. CEANDBLli,, WM., (Stnyvesant Falls,) (Deib/r»ii CrandeU.) CBBAMEB, WM., (Stnyvesant,) farmer leases of Wm. Brwin, 240. Davis, Alexander, (Stuyvesant,) retired ne^hter. Decker, (}eo.l., (Stnyvesant.) retired far- mer, bederick, Sidgar S., (Eihderhook,) farmer leases of Aaroo Gillett, 130. DsKYBB, ALBEBT, (Stuyvesant Falls,) (DeJtyre * CrandeU.) 874 COLUMBIA GOVNTT BUSINESS DISECTOBT. ri. . o Ij .A. I* i=» , 8taytesant, ST. Y., DEALEB IN Provisions, Crockery, Stoneware, Notions, Stationery, &c., AT LOWEST CASH PRICKS. CALL AND EXAMINE OUR GOODS AND PRICES. liADIES, R£ AD T II I 8 ! AT 143 Warren Street, Hudson, N". Y., Yoa will find the Largest and Best ABBortment of RISADY-MADE UNDER GARMENTS, in the City. White Qoods of all kinds ; LaceB, Real and Imitation ; CoraetB, hosiery, Gloves, Hoop Skirts, Dress Trimmings, &c. N. B.— CHILDREN'S CORSETS, OR SKIRT SUPPORTERS, are also sold here. S ^ . I ii C^ .2 £ . • W^l Six CUTTING promptly attended to, and all Clothes warranted to fit. 170 and 172 Warren Street, HrDSOlV, IS. Y. W. A. BOGARDUS, Proprietor. A Livery Connected with the House. STVYVESANT. S75 DbMTRE & OHANBELL, (Stnyvesant Falls,) (AWert DeMyre and Wm. Cran- dcM,) general merchant!). DINGMAN, BENJAMIN, (Stnyresant ?£L118 1 C!irD6Ilt6!r PEUM, KEUBEN, (Stayvesant Palls,) far- mer lOSJf. EATON, DAVID H., (Stayvesant,) farmer. Eaton, Ira, (Stnyvesant,) farmer 170. Eat'on; Ira Jr., (Stuyvesant,) farmer. .„ j,„ „ (Kinderhook,) EATON, LBONAED G., farmer. Eaton, Peter, (Kinderhook,) farmer 1*3. PBBGUSON,, ABEAM V., (Stnyvesant Palls,) alio physician ina surgeon. Fowler, Samuel A., (Kinderhook,) firmer 11«. Prayer, Philip, (Stnyvesant Falls,) farmer ' leases of Q. J. Houghtallng.' French, Henry W., (Stu^esaiit,) black- ' ' smith. ', ' GAEDNEE, JAMES, (Kinderhook,) farmer leases of John McPhersbn, 136. GIBBS, H. H., (Stuyvesant,) [S.W.Oibbs & Co.) GIBBS, S. W. & CO., (Stuyve8ant,)|(fl. 3. Oibbs,) manufs. stoves, ranges, fur- naces, single and double heaters ; Main office 12 Green St., Albany; also 208 Water Sty New York. GIPFOSD, JOHN, (Stuyvesant,) farmer 216. GILLBTT, AAEON, (Kinderhook,) farmer 130. Gillett, Wm., (Kinderhook,) carpenter and farmer 98. HAGADOEN, JOHN, (Kinderhook,) far- mer 103. _ HALF WAY HOUSE, (Stuyvesant Falls,) Claudins L. Ashley,' prop. Hall, H. B., (Stnyvesant,) merchant, town- clerk and notary public. ' Ham, Chas. C, (Ooxsackie, Greene Cd.,) fanner 300. ham; JOHN T., (Stuyvesant,) milk dealer and farmer 100. HAM, 8. T. Miss, (Ooxsaokie, Greene Cq.,) tesident. ' " „ „ „ . HANFOED, CHAS. A., (Stnyvesant Falls,) book-keeper, accountant and paymas- ter for Van Alen & Co. Harder, Anthony, (Kinderhook,) farmer 76. HAEDBE, PEANCIS J., (Stuyvesant • Palls,) blacksmith. HAEDBE, GEO. I., (Sluyvesant,) farmer 100. Hawver, James, (Stnyvesant Falls,) (Van Alen & Co^ Hazelton, W. P., (StuyvesantO retired. HOBS, HENRY, (Kinderhoolt,) town as- sessor, carpenter and joiner, and far- ' merl79. Hires, John E., (Stuyvesant Falls,) farmer 20 HO&AN, PATEICK, (Stuyvesant Falls,) farmer 50. ■ „ „ , Houghtaling, Garret J., (Stuyvesant Falls,) firmer 243. HULL, WM.S., (Stuyvesant,) foreman for S. W. Gibbs & Co. Johnson, John N., (Kinderhook,) stone mason and farmer 33. KENNEDY, JAMBS, rf. Murrell, B. Jr., (Stuyvesant,) general mer- chant and post master. Nelson, Robert, (Stuyvesant,) pilot and faqner 42. . - Nevins, E. Rev., (Stuyvesant,) pastor Re- formed Church. O'Neil, Thos^ (Kinderhook,) farmer 7. Overacker, warren G., (Kinderhook,) en- gineer and farmer 100. ♦PALMER, DANIEL, (Stnyvesant Falls,) stoves and tinware. Palmer, Walter 8., (Stnyvesant,) farmer 67. Palmer, Wm. H.j^(StuyveBant,) farmer leases of J. T. weadover. Pierce, Christopher HJ., rr.,J(Ancram,) farmer leaseg 46>^. Bashford, Byaly, (Holl6wvi11e,)-formBr 223. Baahtofd/ James L., (Hollowvillei) (mitt BylUiJBmhffni,) former. Beldlng, Henry C, (Chmchtowii,) farm la- borer. Best, Ambrose, (Craryvillf,) house paiater., Best, Geo., (Chnrchtown,) former 4f. Best, H. E., (West Taghkanick,) farmer 148. Best, Jeremiah, (Olenco Mills,) farmer 100. Best, Peter, (Crarrville,) farmer 1. Best, Samuel I., (Craryvllle,) form laborer. Best, Stephen, (Glenco Mills,) (iviM Jere- miah,) farmer. BLASS, WM., (Taghkanick,) carpenter and farmer. Boice, Jaeob, (Taghkanick,) grocer, hotel keener, and former 88. Bortle, HMry J., (Chnrchtown,) farmer 1. Boucber, HeBiy, (Martindale Depot,) far- mer ,175. Boyled^^ephen H., (Taghkanick,) farmer \ 35. Brown, John, (Tsjghkanick,) farm laborer. Bryant, James, (West. -Taghkanick,) butcher and farmer Uk Buich, Jacob, (Taghkanick,) farm laborer. "BnEh, AbraAii, root doctor and farmer 10, Frank, Peter, (Craryville,) blacksmith and farmer 37. FRANK, WM. P., (Craryville,) (wiO, PeUr,) blacksmith, Friss, Alex., (Churchtown,) carpenter and firmer. Friss, Henry, (West Taghkanick,) farm laborer. FrisB, Robert, (Taghkanick,) farmer leases 180. Qebhard, Henry, (West Taghkanick,) jonr- neymaft blacksmith. . Glover, Norman, (Craryville,) farm laborer. Hagadom, Wm., (Charchtown,) farmer leases 240. Haines. Heoi? P., (Taghkanick,) harness Hallenbeck, (Nelson,) (West Taghkanick,) general merchant and town cTerk. HALSTE.AD, HEJJRY, (Taghkanick,) far- mer 280. Halstead, Wm., (Taghkanick,) (with Hm- "ry,) farmer. Halsted, Isaac, (Taghkanick,) farmer 3. Ham, Abram, (West Taghkanick,) farmer 2. Ham, Edward, (West Tagbkanick,) firmer 257. I, . HAM, ELI, (Ta^kanick,) farm laborer. Ham, Freeman, (West Taghkanick,) faimer a Ham, Henry, (West Taghkanick,) farm la- borer. ; ; HAM, JACOB, (West Taghkanick,) farmer 122. ■ ' -■ •■ -1 Ham, John, (West Taghkanick,) farmer 3. Ham, Peter, Miller, Dedrick, (Taghkanick,) retired far- mer. MILLEB, EPHRAIM, (West Taghkanick,) hotel keeper, constable and batcher. Miller, Geo. P.,JWeBt Copake,) farmer 100. Miller, Henry W., (Taghkanick,) farmer lessee 160. Miller, Jacob P., (Taghkanick,) town collec- tor and farmer 150. MUler, John H., (Taghkanick,) farmer leas- es 320. Miller, Leonard, (West Taghkanick,) fir- mer ISO. Miller, Richard, (Taghkanick,) farm la- borer. MUler, Rafkn, (Taghkanick,) fanner leases 260. Miller, Baseell, (HoUoTTTiUe,) farm laborer. Miller, Stephen, (HollowTille,) former leas- es 300. Miller, Stephen G>., (Chnrchtown,) carpen- ter ana farmer 1^. Miller, Sylvester I., (West Taghkanick,) farmer 120. Miller, Walter, (W'est Taghkanick,) former 1. ' Milter, Walter I. , (Chnrchtown,) farmer 2. MoBsman, Jacob, (West Copake,) farmer 18. Myers, Abram, (Olenco Mills,) farmer 125. MTEBS, ABRAM M., (Olenco Mills,) for- mer 166. MYERS, LAWRENCE A., (Taghkanick,) fanner-200. Myers, Samael L., (Taghkanick,) sapt, of the poor and farmer 260. Neeling, John H., (Ancram,) charcoal mak- ' er and farmer 1. Palmer, Oeorge, (Ancram,) farmer 128. Fecktai, John, K^raiyville,) farm laborer. Phillips, Peter P., (CJopake,) farmer leases 20. PlasB, Jacob, (LlTlngston,) farmer .leased 200. Post, Caleb, (Taghkanick,) fonner 42. Potts, Oeoige, (Ohurchtown,) farmer 10. Proper, Abram, (West Taghlcanick,) la- Dorer. Proper, Adam, (West Taghkanick,) former Proper, Caroline Mrs., (West Taghkanick,) former 1. PROPER,' DENNIS, (Charobtown,) fumei 30. Proper, John, (West Taghkanick,) farm la- borer. Proper, John, (West Taghkanick^ former 160. ^ Proper, John L., (West Taghkanick,) bm laborer. Proper, Peter, (Taghkanick,) farm laborer, Proper, Peter A., (West Taghkanick,) tit- mer 11^. Proper, Wt HelmoB, (West Taghkanick,) Yariner 6. Proper, Wm., (West Taghkanick,) form la- borer. TAOHKANICK. 281 Race, Chrigtopher, (Craiyrille,) form la- 1 Sheldon, Leonaid H., (West Taghkanlck,) borer. Hace, Epbraim, (West Copake,).fiinner SO. Baaght, Abram, (Charclito'vrn,) ftirmer 73. Baaebt, Peter, (CIlnnibtOMni,) maeon and '. farmer 6. Baught, Peter P., (West Taghkanick,) far- mer 119. fiangbt, Wm. M.,(Chnrchtoirn,)fimnerlOO. Blegel, Anthony, (Tagbkanlck,) black- smltb. Biegel, Geo., (Tagbkanlck,) Inspector of elections, blacksmith and farther 30. Blngedorph, Andris, (West Taghkanick,} farm laborer. Bockefeller, Catbarlne B. Urs., (West Tagb- kanlck,) farmer 7. Bockefeller, Henry J([„ (West Tagbkanlck,) former leases 825. Bockefeller, John A., (West Taghkanick,) form laborer. Bockefeller, Wm., (West Tagbkaniik,) farm laborer. Boraback, Bobert A., (West Tagbkanlck,) wagon maker, blacksmith and farmer 5. Bosever, Geo., (Craryrille,) shoe maker and farmer 17. Bote, Jacob, (Wes^ Tagbkanlck,) wagon maker and ^ell digger. Bote, Martin, (Cbnrchtown,) laborer. BotCr Martin, (Obnichtawn,) i former teases 5. Bote, Samnel, (Churcb^swnAfanm laborer.- Eowe, Adam, (Cbnrchtown,) farmer 95. Rowe, Norman S., (West Tagbkanlck,) far- mer 141. Bowe, Bobert, (West Tagbkanlck,) farmer 26. Bowe, W^m. H., (West Taghkanick,) farmer :acbnlt?, Isaac, (CrarrTlUe,) fanner 108. iSciam.Horton, (West:TaghkM>i^ DQier, ; Sbadic; Bobfert C.,.(Criryrille,) mason ftnd constable. Shadlc, Heiiry , (Orai^Ue,) former S41 . Sh»ngnessey, John, (Tagbkanlck,) : faxtast Shelden,.A1Un,,(ChnTChtown,) farmer 9. Sheldon, Benjamin, (West Taghkanlek.) farmer 133. Sheldon, JSeAianiUi F., (Cburchtswn,) for- , mfeM40. Sbeldoh, Sarris Monroe, (^agbkaoick,) ' school t'^aiher. ' Sheldon, Jobii, (We«t Taghkanick,) fanner. 112. ' Sheldon; LsonaiO, (West TagUcanick,)'for>. mer 180. former 1, Sheldon, Lowe, -(Cbnrchtown,) constable. SheMoiL, Marsh, (West-Tagbkanick,) farmer 240. Sheldon, Peter, (grarcbtown,) farmer 35. Sheldon) Wm., (WestiTaghkanick,) farmer 130. Shook, John B., (Tagbkanlck,) farm la- borer. SHDFELT, P, W., (Taghkanick,) alio, phy- sician and snrgeon. SILYB^NAIL, JONAS, (West Taghka- nick.) {witii Fronde Syre,) farmer 25. SilTemail, Peter, (Taghkanick,) fanner 169X- SilTiernail, Thomas, (West Taghkanick,) peddler. SilTernall, Wm., (West Taghkanick,) resi- dent. Simmons, Freeman, (West Taghkanick,) former 131. Slmmmis, JeremiSh, (Craiyrille,) farmer Simmons, Walker, (Craryrille,) grocer, jpScolator and former leases 80. Simmons, Wm., (West Taghkanick,) for- mer 220. ^iQons, , iBI4!iiiBrd, (Taghkanick,) former 124. Simpson, C^tb^rine Mi^s., (Craryrille,) far- mer 124. Sinu^on, Eeter P., (Craryrille,) former 219. Simpson, B'., (CraryTille.) former leases 124. ,Smitb,,C. B., (West Taghkanick,) journey- man wf^on maker. Smith, Chrisjohn, (Taghkanick,) carpenter land^rmerl. SMITH, BDGAB, (West Tagbkanlck,) for- mer leases 18a. Smith, Blilas, er. ' ' - «iiii^.;raitlian.A., (Ciarrriijle,) former 260. :SiaTHi WsH&M., -(West Taghkanick,) iarmetlTB. Smpi, B^rt S„ (Tligbkanick,) farmer 16. Snuth,;Wm..I., (TaghkanickO farmer 20. Snyder, Jti^|s,(Miirtindale Depot,) former :SO.^^tA^piBT< (CrannrilleJ former 160. Softie,. WW.3:.UCrailyVulej fhiSkerlOO. Spade, Jjio^ li., (west Cop^e,) tf^ool ta«|^h.et^d^tarmer iH. ' Spencer, fytnee, (Cbttraitoitnt^ptrmer 6. Stickles, C»lrl>a,.^CbBrehtowsJrfarmer 168. ^EtsSf.mram JOtenCO JIUls,)^#taer 167. Stiekles, John, tWest Taghkanick,) former 335. EHJckles, PhSUp, (West Taghkatdck,) for- ' " mer-lSO. 282 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSINESS DIBSCTOBT, FURNITURE GlVSIff AVITAY. HAVING AN IMMENSE ASSORTMENT OF SUPERIOR FURNITURE! Of all kinds in Btore, manufactured from selected seaBoned goods of the best material,' by competent artizans, under my own supervision, I can confidently liiformmy fri^ndg and patrons, as well as those in search of the very best of Furniture, either in this 'city or any other, that they will be suited, either as regards style or price, at 307 WARREN STREET, HUBSON, N. Y. I>. jSL . IE* FL :EJi TST cm , MRS. A. L. LOWE, ~ Xaie of JVew Tork City, is pleasantly located, nearly opposite the Stanwix Sail, CHATHAM VIL-LAGE, N. Y., WHBEB SHE IS PEEPAEED TO DO , SUIT Al OLOAK MAKING. In all its branches, and in the latest and most approved style. "5 Gratefal for past patronage, she would Bolicit a share in the future, and by etrict atten- tion to biiBineBS, will endeavor to retain It. PEABODT & ROSSMAN DEALERS IN Cook and Parlor Rang^es, Portable, Stationery and Fire Place Heaters, Tin, Britannia, Wood and Willow Ware. A general assortment of Bouse Famishing Goods. Sole Agents in Columbia Qonnt^ for the Sunnyside Heater. Roofing and Jobbing executed at short no- tice. Heater Work a specialty. 399 TTARREN STRBET, Opposite Farmers' National Bank, HVDSOIV, N. v. TAQHKANICK. 283 Strever, James M., (Taghkanlck,) aset. as- sesBor internal revenue and farmer S89. Stnpplebeen, Bngene, (Chnrchtown,) farm laborer. SYEE, FRANCIS, (West Taghkanlck,) (wWi Jonai SilmmaU,) farmer 26. Tanner, Henry 8., (Taglikanick.) farmer 200. Tanner, Peter, (Taghkanlck,) to\ni aeses- eor and farmer leaseB 176. Taylor, Jacob A., (Martlndale Depot,) far- mer leasee 200. TINKLEPAUGH, BU, (LlvlngBton,) far- mer 872. Toda, John, (West Taghkanlck,) farmer 50. Van Densen, Oeorge, (HollowTille,) farmer 2ao. Van Denaen, James N.,(We8t Taghkanlck,) farmer 180. Van Densen, Martin, (Chnrchtown,) batch- er, constable and ttitmieiA. Van Deusen, Eobert, (West Taghkanlck,) farmer US. Van Tassel, Alvin, (Taghkanlck,) farm la- borer. Wasoner, Levi, (Craryville,) farm laborer. Wagoner, Martin P., (CraryvUle,) {with Peter M.,) farmer. Wagoner, Peter M., (Craryville,) farmer 176. Waldorph, Allen, (Chnrchtown,) prop, seed horse. Waldorph, John I., (Chnrchtown,) town as- sessor and farmer 100. Waldorph, Peter, (Taghkanlck,) resident. Waldorph, Sylvester, (Taghkanlck,) farmer 260. Weaver, Sylvester, (West Taghkanlck,) farmer 2U0. Welch, Walter, (Taghkanlck,) blacksmith andliirmerS. WHBBLBR, (JHEISTOPHBB, (Taghka- nlck,) harness maker. Wheeler, Conrad C, (Taghkanlck,) farmer 3. Wheeler, John C, (Taghkanlck,) firmer Whitbeck, James B., (Craryville.) firmer • MO. - Williams,' John A., (West Taghkanlck,) farmer 35. WUUams, Jnstns, (West Taghkanlck,) far- mer leases 140. Winasi Henry, /Taghkanlck,) farin laborer. Woodward) Bdward, (Taghkanlck,) in- spector of elections. WOCJdWABD, PBTEE, (Taghkanlck,) post master and farmer 270. Wright, Ambrose, (Ohnrehtown,) farmer Wy^bs, Lake D., (West Taghkanlck,) far- mer 16. Tonng, Anson, (Taghkanlck,) carpenter and farmer leases 100. Toung, Hannah Mrs., (Taghkanlck,) resi- . dent. [ Yonng, Jacob, (Craryville,) farmer 128. Young, Philip, (Taghkanlck,) mason. Yung, Philip, (Ancram,) fiirmer 80. 284 CITT OF BZWSON. Adams, A. J. . wH dleeale and retail mimnery and fancy goods, 31'^ and sto Warren. ALCOTT, DAVID W., (ff. H. db D. W. Alcott.) ALCOTT, H. H, & D. Vl.AEeman B. and David W.,) cooperaga, corner Fifth and State. ALCOTT, HBMAN H^(S; fl. <4 Z). W. ^fcoffi.) Alcott, T. B. & Co., {Thoi. B. and W. B. Alcott,) groceries and fmits, 161 Warren. Alcott, Thosi B., (T. B. Aleott A Co.) Alcott, W. H., (T. B. Aleott c£ Co.) Aldcroftt, Elcliard B., {Tiliey & Alderoftk.) Alger, John, hardware, 93 Warren. ' Alger, Wm. B., ehoemaker, 3]i6 Warren. Allen, Geo. B., (Groat <* AUm.) Allen, Wm. IT., bleacher and preaser, North Fifth comer State. AUiBon, Bobert, hats, caps and furs, 156 Warren. : . American Hotel, oppOBite Hiidedn R; B. E. Depot, Henrji Thomton: prop. A. M. U. Express office, 107 Warren, John H. Ponltcey, agent. ♦ANABLB, HENRY, wool, leather and findings, 34 Sonth Front. Andrews, Robert E., lawyer, 381 Warren, np stairs. Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph office, 173 Warren, J. A. Smith, manager. Atwood, Wm. H., lawyer, South Fonrth near Warren. Austin, M. Mrs., dressmaker, S9B Warren, np stairs. *AVBRT & HILDBETH, ( Wm. A. Avery and Chat. E. BOdrM,,) builders and jobbers, 146 Union. Avery, Peter H., architect, 8 Union. AVEBY, WM. A., (Avery * BUdreth.) BACH, JEAN, watchmaker and jeweler, S09 Warren. Bachman, Peter I., wholesale and retail grocer, 868 Warren. BACHMAN, SAMUEL, prcst. Farmers' National Bank. Bachman, S. & Co., (F. M. Best,) merchant tailors, 331 Warren. BADQLBY, WM. & CO., ((?«). B. Bower,) coal dealers, Steamboat Dock, north of Ferry. Baker, Heniy, {Baher db Maleher.) Baker & Maleher, (Henry Baker and Chas. O. Maleher.) paints, oils, sash, blinds, paper hangines &c., 884 Warren. BAME, CHAS., real estate dealer^ses Bame Place, Warren. Baringer, Henry J., druggist, 103 Warren. BARLOW, WALTER A., groceries and provisions, 128 Warren, garnnm, Erasmus, groceries and feed, 196 Central Square. Barton, Thos., saloon, 25 South Front. Batchellor, James, wholesale and retail dealer In crockery, glassware, house furnishing goods &c., laO Warren. Bathrick, F., shoemaker, 6 Bonth Front. Baxter, C. J., news office, 99S Warren. M^^'S'^'^i,^' Mrs., millinery, 298 Warren. bI^ n5??'?°^V<^*<"' ^- ^"^ "»<* ^- <^- Benton,) law office, 247 Warren. S5^iu^5^^- iy (^««' * Benton.) BBEBE, GEO. w"., (ilf, p. Moore di Co.) Beekman, Thos. A., carpenter, 165 Warren. InT^w'A » IS?A"'j harness maker and carriage trimmer, 168 Warren. SSJ'fS-M' S^ftA' (Belknap & Livermore.) ? *?£^.*>i ^yS^'^Sl?^*^^- * Selknap and Chat. F. Livermore,) merchant tailors and clothiers, 205 Warren. SiSS^i9^^.IU5-l,''*'5''»" »°* stoves, Water corner Ferry. BENHAM, JOHN C, alio, physician, 121 Warren. BENTON, W. C, (Bkl db Mton.) ' aiTT OF HUDSON. 286 Berrldgei Oeo. W., resident, 216 Allen. Best, F. M., (5. BaOunan <£ Oo.) Best, Geo. H., river pilot, 165 Diamond. - BEST, HENRY, drnggiet and apothecary; 351 Warren. Best, James R., meat market,. Warren comer Second. Best John, constable, house 64 Chapel. Best, JoBie Mrs., dress maker, 16 North Front. .,.,„. . BIDDLB, JOSIAH, confectionery, ice cream saloon and intelligence office, 181 Diamond. Blake, Fletcher, prop. Farmers' Hotel^ Columbia. Blake, Samuel H., meat market, 181K Warren, also chief engineer fire dept, Blanchard, F. A. Prof., teacher, Hudson Academy. . ..™ „. Blunt &, Hotaling, (Mri. S. Blunt and Mia J. Botaling,) ladies' trimming store, 182 War- ren. Blunt, S. Mrs., {Bbml A.Botaltng.) „ ♦BOQARDUS, WM. A., prop. Mansion House, ITO and 172 Warren. Bostwick, B; F„ fruit dealer and boarding house, 846 Warren corner Seventh. BOSWICK, B. W. Dr., physician, 98 Warren. ♦BOYNTON, THEO. A., boots and shoes, 175 Warren. Bradley, Geo. W., block and pump maker, 9 Partition. Bradley, Mary M. Mrs., fancy goods, 123 Warren. BRAYMAN, W. H., saloon, 343 Warren. _ BRAYTON, S. B., sewing machine agent, 170 and 172 Warren. BRIGGS, HOMER, CjBj-imBdt Tfitow.i _ . „., =. „v , n . i o^ BRIQaS&ynLCOXtiBomerBriggeandSi'ank WUcox,) props. St. Charles Hotel, 34 Columbia. *BBOWBR, GILES J., harness maker, S65>tf Warren. Brown, Frank A., clothes cleaner and dyer, 6 South Third. BROWN, JOHN, saloon and restaurant, 126 Warren. BROWN, R. B., master machinist B. & A. R. R. shop. South Bay. Brown, Wm., hats, caps and strawgobda, 218 Warren. Brown, Wm. A., (N. S. Plank <6 Co.) Brnsie, Peter A., (BuBoia & Brwie.) Bruso, Alphpnso, brick maker. ,, ^ ■ ^ j ,,,• v *BRYAN&WBBB, (W»i. Bryan anil'; B. R%66,) book andjobpnnteis, and publish- ers ColwnMa BepuUiean, 100 W*rien. BRYAN, WM., (.Bryan & WeSft.) • Bryant, James F., groceries, 7 South Front. Bugel, F. D., saloon, south side Public Square. BUkP, 1. A., agent N. Y. C. & H. R. B. Burdwin, John T., house and sign painteri 76 Warren. . . . ^ , Burdwin, Theodore, -tinsmith, 14 North Front, also sealer of weights and measured _ BURGbA & SIDOTY, (i%ter ;8. Bv^ger md-Bicluira jEio(n«j(*) carnage makers. First corner Union.- BUEGER, PKTBR S., (Bwi-ffer <6 JKdJWy,) , , , , oio,^ wo.™., Burgert, Geo. L., sewing machine and news agent, also dress maker, 312X Warren. Burns, R. H., bakery, and confectionery, 96 Warren. Bush, Albert, billiard saloon. City Hall Place. BUTLER, CHAS. E., jewelry, 327 Warren. Byrne, E. V., brick yard, house 42 Union. Byrne, Geo. C, brickyard. o. Calkins, A. L., prop. Worth House Livery, 99 Warren. Calkins, Alvln, carpenter and builder, 283 Onion. Calkins, T. T., physician, office 272 Warren, residence 18 North Fifth. ♦CANFIELD, JAMBS EDGAR, photogr^her, 822 Warren. Carpenter, G. W., collector Hudson Aqueduct C.o. Carpenter, Will,, boarding house, 1 Warren. Carpenter^ Wm. H., (Ten Broaih tfc Oarpenta-.) Carter. Abram, grocer„Diamond corner Thir^. Casey, Chas. M.. arcliifect and bnilder. South Third cornfer Partition, CatekiU & Albany Steamboat Co., steamboat CttyofmiOKm^ north sid? Ferry. CENTRAL HOUSE. Warren corner Fifth, good sample rooms . for agents, extensive stable connected with the house : W. H. Van Tas^, prop-. _ _ _, , , Central House Livery and Exchange Stables, Fifth comer Union, P. H. Sheldon, prop. Central Meat Market, corner Warren and Fourth, David W. Hamilton, prop. Chapel, B. A., (Uvbiel & C/Mpel.) Chariot, J. H. Mrs., millinery, 804 Warren. , rhAQp A F B (Newkirk f£ Ohxue.) CHENEY & hIOT, (.Cheney, Band d Co.,) (Richard Cheney and Uriah Band,) carpen- ters and builders, 10 Nbrtn Seconds „ . , „ ^ , , ., CHENEY, HAND & CO., (Bichard Cheney and Uriah and Bantd Band,) manufs. and dealer's in boots add shoes, 118 Warren. 386 COLUMBIA COUNTY BUSmBSa DISECTOBY. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, &c. MR. D. C. WILDEY, — OF— HUI>SO]V, ]V. Y., Ts the only Authorized Affent on the Sudson SSirer, for • llessrs. Ellwanger Sc Barry's CELEBRATED Tsr xm s lEs x^ I :e3 s, OP r,ooh:ejster,, isr. '^. These NURSERIES are the largest and most complete in the United S;tates, em- bracing nearly "Seven Handred Acres" of the richest land in Monroe Co. Their < epecimen Fmit Tree grounds contain 2,000 varieties, exclusive of Grapes ^nd small fruits. There are sixteen Green Houses, covering 40,000 square feet. At times, as many as 400 men are employed in this establishment. Mb. WILDEY has been connected with this Nunsery for the last seven years j during that time he has supplied the Farmers and Fruit Growers of the River Counties with over Fifty Thousand Dollars worth of Trees and Nursery Stock in general. Mr. W. superintends the digging, packing, shipping and delivering of his own trees, and he guarantees satisfaction in every case or no sale. Those desirous of anything in the way of Nursery Stock cannot do better than to give Mb. WILCEY their orders. All communications addressed to J>, C WILHEY, Box 430, Sudson, N. F., will receive prompt attention. The Hudson Daily Register A.NI> WHBKIW These Papers have the Largest Circulation, and are acknowledged the best Advertiz- ing Mediums in Eastern New York. The ^JEGISTE^ is the only Evening Taper between , JVew Tork and Albany that receives the Telegraphic,., J Reports of the Associated Tress, or in fact AJVY ^ Telegraphic JVews Reports. This, in part, ac- counts for its gteat popularity and wide circulation. Terms 'Reasonable. Send for Card of Trices. f^r All CommunicationB ehonld be addressed to M. PARKER WIIililAHS, JSditor and Proprietor, Central Square, JETudson, JV. Y. CITT OS HUDSON. 287 CHBNBT, EICHAHD, (Chmey db Band,) (Chmey, Band cfc Co.) City Hall, 169 Warren. ./ v », City Hall House, 158 Warren, Edward Wlnans, prop. •CITY HOTEL, 81 Warren comer First, Benjamin H. Waldron, prop. City Restaurant, 179 Warren, G. K. Fox, prop. Clancy K. & M. Misses, fancy eoods, 104 Warren. CLAPP & JONKS MANUF. CO., mannfs. steam flre engines, near South Bay Iron Works. CLABE, EDWARD M., groceries and prcvisloni, 187 Warren. CLARK & HAVILAND, ( WUliam B. Clarh and PhUip W. HavUand,) wholesale and re- tail dealers In hay, straw and salt, Water comer Ferry. CLARK, RICHARD F., county treasurer, 171 Warren. CLARK, WM. H., (CTort < . Concklin, Walter P., groceries, boots and shoes, Warren comer Fifth. Condon, P., saloon, ll South Front. Connor, Thos., boots and shoes, IS Warren. Cook, A. P. Oummingt.) Cunningham, M. I. Mrs., dress maker. State. Cure, Chas. B., carpenter, 47 North Fifth. Currie, John R., farmer 17S. Cnrtiss, B. A, Miss, millinery, 391 Warren. DAKIN, HENRY W., meat market, 74 Warren. Daley, A., saloon, Franklin Square. Davis, Samuel W., stove dealer, 13 North Sixth. DEDEBICK, PETER M., Joiner and stair builder, corner North Fifth and State. Deuell, Beni. F., prest. Hudson Aqueduct Co. and prest. Columbia Turnpike Co. Deuell. B. F., geul. snpt. Hudson Aqueduct Co. *DBYO, G., hair dresser and dealer in gents' furnishing goods, 79 Warren. Dietericb, B. Mrs., dress maker, 34 South Front. DOBMANDY, JOHN C, coal and wood, comer Diamond and Front. Dosenheim, Nathan, {Straitst db Doienhdm.) DEOWNE, H. W., M. D., physician, 64 Warren. SuBois & Brasie, (ifVan* BuBoit and Peler A. SrusU,) hardware, 339 Warren. DuBois, Frank: (ihiBoit db SruHe.) DuBoiB, H. A., prest. National Hudson Blver Bank, 99 Warren. DUBOIS, S. T., vice-prest. First National Bank of Hudson, City Hall Building. Du^, Edward, house, sign and carriage painter, State. Dyer, James N., constable, house 303 State. 288 CITTOFHTWBON. S3. Edwards, Samuel, lawyer, 324 Warren, honee 26 Union. ELMER, E. P. L., books, stationery, Dookbindhig and fancy goods; 129 Warren comer Third. ♦ELTING, WM. K., boots, shoes and rubbers, S36 Warren. Elton, Wm. M., boots and shoes, 161 Wttrreiii Ely, David J., steamboat ferry office, 1 Ferry. Eseelstyn, Cornelias, (Gaul £ Eieelityn.) Eseelstyn, Herman v.i lawyer, 208 Warren. EVANS, C. H., (Phipps it JSvans,) secretary andi treasurer -Hudson Aqueduct Co. PAIEFIELD, J. W., prest. First National Bank of Hudson, treasarer Hudson City Say. ings Institation, snpt,, secreta^ and treasurer Hudson Gas Co. Farmers' Hotel, 6 Columbia, Fletcher Blake, prop. FABMERS NATIONAL BANE, 300 Warren, Samuel Bachrasn, pieeti. ; Allen Hossman, vice prest. ; Chas. C. Macy, cashier; F. C. Havilandj tell^rt- Farry, John, saloon, 1T7 Warren. ~ ,.i Farry, Sylvester, shoemaker, 128 Diamond. '■ Faxon, E., EndsonNews Depot, 173 Warren. Fiero, C. Christian, dry goods, 126 Warren. Fingarr, Chas., restaurant and confectionery; 243 Warren. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HUDSON, City Hall Building; J. W. Fairfield, prest. ; „ „ _ „ . . _. , ]jigf^ i patterns, agent for Wheeler & Wilson SewinglSIachines, 164 Warren. Fox, Geo. K., fruit dealer, 179 Warren. Fox, Joseph, meat market, 127 Warren. Frazer, David H. Bey., pastor Presbyterian Church, house 177 Unibn. Fredlander, Joseph, clothier,123 Warren. French, D. A., furniture, 307 Warren. Frey, A. E. Bev., teacher, Hudson Academy. , Fritts, Herman, (Oole diFriHt.) G-. OAOB, HIBAM D,, crockery, china and glassware, 321 Warren comer Sizib. Gallaghar, P. P., candy shop, 10 North Front. Gallighan, James, saloon, 12 North Front. Gantley, J. H., crockery, 296 Warren. Gaul & Esselstyn, (John Gaul, Jr., and Comilius MuetaiyUi) lawyers, Sbutb Fourth near ' Warren. Gaul, John Jr., (Gaul & Etselttyn.) Ganl, J. E., grocer and produce dealer, 13 and 14 Columbia. Gebhard, Chas. W., (Partm <4 Geihard.) GIFFORD, A. S.AJulian Glffora & Bro.) Qiflford Bros., (Im. H. and James,) Iron and brass founders, 31 Columl)Ia. ♦GIFFORD, E. H., lumber dealer, 287 Union. Gifford, James, (Oifford Brot.) GIFFORD, JULIiJI & BKO., (A. J.,) manufs. and dealers in agricultural implements, 22 Columbia. . -. i/ Gifford, Wm. B..,(Gifford Bros.) GILLESPIE, ANTHONY, groceries and proylslons, pork, salt, lard &c., comer Warren and Front, alBastor1lI. B. Church, house 69 Allen. ''HBDQES & HBERMANS, (Stephen Hedges and Geo, H. Bethnatu,) furniture, picture frames &c^ 326 Warren. HEDGES, STEPHEN, (Hedgei & Bsermant,) resides 174 Union; HEERMANS, GEO. H., (Bedgei A Beermant,) resides S16 UniOB;. *HERBS. F. Hudson Aqueduct Co., 90 Warren, Benj. P. Deuell, prest. ; C. U. Evans, secretary and treasurer ; B.F. Deuell, genl, snpt. ; B. H. Moores, active supt. ; Or. W. Carpenter, collector Hudson & Athens Feriy, every hour from foot of Ferry. ♦HUDSON DAILY AND WEEKLY 'STAE, 327 Warren, Alex. N. Webb, editor and prop. ♦HUDSON EVENING HEGISTBR, (dally,) Central Square, M. Parker Williams, editor! Hudson Female Academy, 281 Uniop, Misses 9. B. & C. Skinner, principals. Hudson Gas Co., works, Water near Broad, O. Bronson, prest. ; J. W. Fairfield, supt., secretary and treasurer. ♦HUDSON GAZETTE, (weekly) Central Square, M, Parker Williams, editor. Hudson House, Franklin Square and Depot, Walter Bogers, prop. Hudson Iron Co., South Bay, J. W. Hoysradt, agent. Hudson & New York Steam Transportation Line, Geo. H. Power, prop. Hudson News Depot, 173 Warren, B. Faxon, prop. Hudson Orphan and Belief Association, corner North Seventh and State, Miss Elizabeth Jones, matron. • Hudson City Savings Institution, 98 Warren, Darius Peck, prest. ; J. W. Fairfield, treas- urer. Hudson Steam Flouring Mills, Franklin Square, J. J. Martin & Co., props. HUDSON YOUNG LADIES SEMINAEY, Misses Elizabeth and Sophia C. Peake, principals, 84 Warren. ilfji- " -■ ' Hhlt, John B., coal dealer, South Bay. Hull, Wm. Eev., pastor St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, house 10 North Fifth. Hulme, Job, baker and confectioner, 277 Warren. Sunt, Chas., (Storm & Bunt.) Hunt & Miller, (Z. Hunt and Wm. J. Miller,) stove manufs., Water. , Hunt, Z., jBunt <£ Miller.) Hyde, A. W., agent B. & A. B. E., Hudson Upper Station. J- Jessnp, Fred., groceries and provisions, corner Fifth and State. JOHNSON, B. S., wholesale and retail coal dealer, Public Square, also depy. collector internal revenue, division 9. JOHNSON, JASON M., collector U. S. internal revenue, 12th diet., west side Public Square, also owns farm in Canaan, 278 acres. JONES, CHAS. F.j (Bannali ds Jones.) Jones, Elizabeth Miss, matron Hudson Orphan and Belief Association, comer North Seventh and State. Jordan, J., saloon, 27 South Front. Jordan, P. M., lawyer, 78 Warren. Jordan Wm. A., wholesale and retail flour, feed and grain dealers, 24 Columbia. KanStedt, Chas., tobacconists, 215 Warren. Keenan, Patrick, prop. Travelers' Home, 5 South Front. Keenan, Patrick, groceries, 81 South Front corner Franklin. Keller. Walter T., blacksmith, corner Green and State. Kells Hobert, fruit, oysters, clams &c., 41 Columbia. Kend'rick, David B., wholesale liquor dealer, 44 Columbia. Kennady, Bernard, saloon, 109 Diamond. KBRTZ, HENEY, bdot and shoe maker, 91X Warren. Keyes, Wm., books and stationery, 104 Warren. KIDNEY, RICHAED, (.Burger iT, J. H., city directory publisher, house 287 Warren. LASHEB, B., saloon and boarding house, east sideFabllc Square. Lasher, G. I. [Lasher & Pdttt.) Lasher & Potts, (ff. /. Lmhtr and K Potti,) grocers, comer Eighth and Colnjnbia. *LATHAM, T. MBS., ladies' furnishing goods, 148 Warren. Lawrence, Stephen, manager W. U. telegraph office, 171 Warren. Lax, Morris, dry goods and notions, 24 South Front, Lay, Bliza Mrs., millinery, 266 Warren. Leonard, John, saloon, corner Diamond and Third. Leonard, L. A. Mrs., plain sewing, 157 Diamond. Levison, Michael, tailor, 18 Columbia. Lewis, James, grocer, comer State and Second. Lewie, Patrick, groceries and feed, State. Lisk, Solomon, constable, house 232 Partition. Little, Geo. L., paints, oils and painting, 171J<: Warren. LITTLEWOOD, JOHN, piano fortes, 813 Warren. LIVERMOEK, OHAS. F., {Belknap <& Livermore.) Livingston, Frank P., salopn. Diamond corner North Third. Livingston, Wm., physician, 146 Warren. Loeffler, P., lager beer saloon, 48 Columbia, and meat mBrket,'S18jj Warren. Loeffler, Stephen, (Vhrig A LoeMer.) Longley, John B„ lawyer and district attorney, 399 Warren, np stairs. LottridEejChas. H., (Miller f Warren. Mellen, John 8., hay and straw dealer. Water, Public Souare. MEMBEET, ALLEN, ] obber and builder, 79 Union. Menick Bros., dry goods and carpets, 809 Warren. Maslck, Wm. H., cigar manuf., 366 Warren. . CITY OF HUDSON. ' 293 Hettler, John, foreman H. R. B. S. repair sliopa. Millard, B. b;, (MttOrdit Wmebary.) Hillard & Waterhnry, 0. H. Millard and E. WMrbmy,) brewers, comer Second and Chapel. HUIer, Ada Miss, teacher, Hndeon Academy. Miller, Albert Mrs.^dress inaker, 43 Union. ♦MILLBB, CSAS, B., prop. Worth Honaey 81, 88 and SB Warren. MILLEB, H&NBT, asstf asaeseor Internal revenne, diviaion S^-and brick mannf., a06}( Warren. Miller, Jacob P., real eatate agent and lawyer, 190 Warren. Miller & Lottrldge, (Peter A. MllUr ami Chat. B. Lettridge,) merchant tailora, 180 Wai' ren corner Third. Miller, Peter A., (MiOer A LotMOge.) Miller, Peyton F., lawyer. South TOnrth near Warren. MILLEB, STEPHEN B., hooka, atationery, paper hanglnga and ahadea, 394 Warren. Miller, Wm., hlaekemith, Calumbia corner ureSn. Miller, Wm. J., {BuM it mller.) Mitchel, Edwin H., (B. B. MUehd.A Co.) Mitchel, B. H., (A. B. MtteM A C<9.,) inattrance agent. Mitchel, B. H. & Co., (Weniiim B^ Mitchel,) iron fonndera and machinista, mannfs. paper mill machinery. State. MONELL, BOBEET 5.,JaIfon<« c6 VanWycTc.) MONELL & VAN WTCS,XA9ii Warren, house 76 Warren. Peck, Horace B,, lawyer, 104X Warren. Peck, Willard, lawyer and real estate agent, 87 Warren. Perry, Wm. H., eating saloon, 101 Warren. Philip, Frank J., boots and shoes, 6 Warren. Philip, Jordan & Co., (Chat. Whitbeek,) general insurance agents, 188 Warren. Philip's Spiral Corn Husker Co.'s office, 3S9 Warren. Phillips, F., meat market, 34S Warren. PHIPPS & EVAI^S, (J. L. Phippt and C. B. Mant,) brewers and maltsters. Hill St., North Bay. PHIPPS, J. t.,(.PMppi i: Wnani.) Pierson, Chas., {SUm W. Tobey 8 Machine Works, Chatham Village, N. Y., have all the facilities for doing a general business in Turning, Planing, Gear Cutting, &c., in Iron. Parties wanting work in this line will find it for their advantage to call on Clark & Van Deusen, who will do all work with promptness and satisfaction. See card, page 214. S. Jerkowski, Merchant Tailor, Main Street, Chatham Village, N. Y., will furnish you with anything in his line, from a paper collar to a full suit of clothes, or take your measure and warrant JUs. Judging from the well dressed people every day seen' coming from his store, we infer that they know where their interest lies. Let the seedy ones take notice. See card on page 206. Carpenter Sc Flint, Undertakers, East Chatham, N. Y., whose advertisement appears on page 202, keep a good assort- ment of Coffins and Caskets, and are pre- pared to attend to all calls with prompt- ness. Those having occasion for the ser- vices of an Undertaker will find Carpenter & Flint ready to attend them. Peter B. Walker, Carriage Maker, North Chatham, N. Y., makes to order, Carriages, Wagons and Sleighs, and guar- antees satisfaction. He uses good ma- terials and does first-class work. His card appears on page S02. Justus ITalker, North Chatham, N. Y., is prepared to do all kinds of Car- riage Iron Work, in a manner equal to the best. Those who want a good job and fair prices, call on Walker, and he will put your running gear in order at short notice. He advertises on page 202. Avery & Hlldretb, Steam Carpen- ter Shop, No. 146 Union Street, Hudson, N. Y.J publish a card on page 310. The Sroprietors are prepared to furnish Plans, Istimatee and Contract for building or re- pairing. They thoroughly understand their busmess, are energetic and reliable, and those giving them their patronage will find them ready to guarantee all work as rep- resented. Call on Messrs. A. & H. if you propose to build. Allen Reynolds* dealer in Leather and Findings, No. 19 Columbia Street, Hudson, N. Y., offers to the trade good bargains in all goods in his line. He pays cash for Hides, Skins, Wool, &c. See card on page 298. Columbia Republican, published at Hudson, N. Y., by Bryan & Webb, is advertised on page 298. Those who want a good weekly paper will find it for their advantage to subscribe for the Sapublican. The Job department is nirnisbed with facilities for doing all kinds of work. Call and see. ». O. TVlIdey, Hudson, N. Y., is the only authorized agent on the Hudson Eiver, for Ellwaneer & Barry's celebrated Roches- ter Nurseries. Those who wish to deal with a reliable man and get the best of Trees, will do well to senf in their orders to Mr. Wildey. He attends to the digging, packing and shipping, himself, and as Be has had many years experience in the business, he i« prepared to see that it is done in first-class style. For further in- formation see aovertiaement on page 286. OITy OF EUDSON. 897 Eowles, B. 6., {BowUt tfe Bro.) Eowles, W. S., toys and candieB, 69 Warren. Rowley, Alex. S,, lawyer and patent solicitor, S24 Warren. Eowley, Geoj S., Ink andtstationery, 81SX Warren. Byder, B. B., millinery and fancy goods, dress and cloak making, 389 Warren. SACKBTT, EDWIN, grocer, 10 Warren. ♦BAGENDORF, NATHAN, merchant tailor, 188 Warren. BANFORD, A. H., (SUnner & Sanfmd.) SARGENT, T. IT., ( Whiting db Sargent.) Bcbafer, B., saloon, S7 Sontu Front. Schattman, B..,(Cfreenthal <& Schuttman.) Schermerhorn, H. R. Rev., A. M., principal Hndson Academy. Bchlifer, Jacob, saloon, 96 Warren. Schreiber, Philip, saloon, 3S8 Warren. Seism, Wm., saloon and restaurant, 105 Warren. Scott, A. B., cashier National Hudson River Bank, 99 Warren. Sedgwick, Wm., carpenter, 69 Union corner Second. Shaffer, Alvin D., carriage painter, over Mnll & Weeed's carriage factory. Fourth. Sharp, A. G., boots and shoes, 834 Warren. Shattuok, F. W., boots and shoes, 330X Warren. Shaw, Fenton, restaurant. South Third near Allen. Shear, Esdras, shoe maker, 4 Union. Siheldon, Henry, (PottB <& Sheldon.) Sheldon, J., dentist, 339 Warren, 8d floor. Sheldon, P. H., prop. Central House Livery and Exchange Stables, Fifth corner Union. Sheldon, W. B., (Bolley c6 Sheldon.) 8HBPARD, R. B., cashier First National Bank of Hndson, City Hall Building. SHERMAN, WM. J., sailor and boatman, 4 North Front. Shortd, Wm. M., sewing machine agent, 184 Warren. SHUREQE, F., boots and shoes made to order, corner Public Square and Columbia. Silverman, Mayer, dry goods, 9>4 South Front. Silvernail, Jonas H., oyster saloon, 88 Columbia. Simons, Morris, ready-made clothing, 837 Warren. Skinner, B. B., dry goods, 144 Warren. *8KINNER & SANFORD, merchant tailors, 147 Warren. Skinner, S. R. & C. Misses, principals Hudson Female Academy, 381 Union. SLUTTBR, WILLARD, groceries, 33 Warren corner First. *SMITH, C. & D. Misses, fashionable dress making, 388 Warren. SMITH, CORNELL Dr., magnetic physician, and dealer in groceries, provisions, salt and fresh meats &c., 366 Warren. Smith, Henry, dentist, 818 Warren. Smith, H. Lyle, physician and city health officer, 94 Warren. Smith, J. A., manager Atlantic and Pacific telegraph office, 178 Warren. *SMITH, M. A. Mb8., patterns and fincy goods, 319 Warren. Smith, Mattle L., manager W. U. telegraph efflpe, Depot. Smith, Philip, grocer, BB Columbia. SMIXXI, K. J., fialoon, 388 Warren, and fruit gro\*er S. Snyder, Helen H. Mrs., dress maker. State. SNYDER, THEODORB, counselor at law, 171 Warren, resides 116 Warren. Snyder, Wm. B., produce dealer. H. R. R. R. depot, and Pulver station. Solomon Bros., (Joteph and Julius,) hats, caps and furs, 185 Warren. Solomon, Joseph, (Solomon Broi.) Solomon, Jnlius, (Solomon Bros.) Southard, Geo., (Southard & Oroat) Southard Sa Groat, (Geo. Southard and Wm. A. Oroat,) groceries and provisions, corner Seventh and Public Square. Spaulding, N. A., grocer, comer Diamond and North Front. Speed, E. Mrs., shirt maker, Columbia. Spencer, Bdmund, watches. Jewelry &c., 385 Warren. Spencer, Frederick P., hatter, 383 Warren. Spencer, W. H., engraver and dealer in fancy goods, 385 Warren. SQUIRES, HENRY S., saloon and restaurant, 304 Warren. Steel, C. L., paper hangings, 334 Warren. Stephens, A. A., sporting goods, 386 Warren. ^ Stevens, H. G., watch maker and jeweler, 384 Warren. Stiner, Peter G., saloon, 99 South Front. St. Mary's School, South Third comer Allen. , STODDARD, WM. B., book and jobprinter, Itl Warren, ap Blair*. STONE, SILAS, wood turning, 393 Warren. Storm & Hunt, (S. B. Storm and Ohas. Bunt,) meat market, Warren comer Fifth. 298 COLUMBIA COJINTT BUSINESS BIBEOTOHT. yj^^ 3E3E* 3BCuai.3El."Xx. DENTIST, 225 Warren Street, ISIJDSON, ST. Y. AU operations wai^anted satisfactory, both in quality of Tvork and price. ALLEN REYNOLDS, DEALEK IN" LEATHER & FINDINGS OF ALL KI^DS. So2e, Upper, Mp, Calf, har- ness, Selt, X/ace and other JOeathers. ^19 Columbia Street, Hudson, N. Y. CASH PAID FOB HIDES AND SKINS. WOOL, Ac. COLUMBIA REPUBLICAN! ONLY $1.50 PER ANNUM, Official paper of the City and County, and organ of tlie Eepnblican Party in Colmnbia Connty. The large and increasing circulation of this paper makes it one of the beet AdTertleiQg Medinme in the vicinity. JOB FBiTI Of Erery Description. Sand Sills, Circulars, Cards, Sill Heads, Slanks, Sooks, S'amphlets and JOaw Cases, In the neatest and moejt expeditlone manner. Caloric Power, Cylinder Preases, New Type and other facilities for first-clase work. Terms moderate. HUDSON, N. Y. CITT OF HUDSON. ■ 299 Storm, James, lawyer, South Seventh. Storm, K. B., (Storm «fc Hunt.) Storrs, Geo., druggist, 160-Warren. Strftass & DoBenheim, (Jacob Strnmt and Nathan Deemhtlm,) dry goodB, 803 Warren. StranpB, tTacob, (Strcmss <& DoB&rthevm.) Sulluu, 6. T., eating ealoon. 34U Warren. SwartB, S. M., hats, caps and furs, 319 Warren corner Sixth. Swartz, S. M., ready made clothing, wholesale, west side Fablic Square. Sylvester, M., clothier, 333 Warren. T. TANNBE, A., (L. P. Ooute db Co.) Teal, John, boots and.shoes, Warren corner South Seventh. TEAL, JOHN M., (Teal & Turner.) TEAL & TURNBE, (John M- Teal and Jamet Turmr,) dealers in flsh and fruit, 200 Central Square. TenBroeck & Carpenter, (Jay D. TenSroeck and Wm. S. Carpenter,) sarsaparilla and soda, Franklin Square. TenBroeck, Jay D., (TenSroeck di Carpenter. Terry, C. C, dry goods, 148 Warren. Terry, Kdwin C, county clerk, resides 55 Aljen. Terry,'EobertM., clerk steamer ^ip Tan Winkle. Terry, Wm. H., (Ouemsey & Terry.) Thaller, F., watches, jewelry &z., east side Public Square. Thomas, A. C, crockery, glass and tinware, 18 Soath Front. THOIHAS, F. C. & X. A., props. Thomas' Laandry,.Steele's Building, 824 War- ren. Thomas, Kate M. Miss, teacher, Hudson Academy, THOMAS' IiAVNDRY, Steele's Building, 224 Warren, W. C. &, T. A. Thomasi, props. Thomas, Moses E,, crockery, glass and tinware, 17 Columbia. THOMAS, SOLOMON, stoves and hardware, 20 Columbia. XHOaiAS, T. A., (f. 0. S T. A. Thomas.) Thomas, Wm. & Co. Aleaae Van Bergin,) groceries, 57 Warren corner Second. THOMPSON, JOSEPH P., physician and surgeon, 108 Diamond. Thompson^J. P. Kev., pastor Zion M. E. Church, (colored.) Thornton, Henry, prop. American Hotel, opposite H. K. E. B. Depot. Tilden, Alpheus, real estate and ioBurance agent, 927 Warren, np stairs: ♦TILLBT & ALDCEOFTT, (Thos. Tllley and Richard B. AfderofUi) clothing store, 201 and 203 Warren. TILLEY, THOS., (Tiltey tf Warren. TOMLINSON, CHAS. W. Bbv., pastor tJniversalist Church, 846 Warren. Tompkius, Chas., hats, caps and fnrs, 100 Warren. Town, Nelson, boot maker, 415 Warren. Townsend, J. N., marble works, 238 and 240 Warren. Traveler's Home, B South Front, Patrick Keenan, prop. TEAVBE, WM. H., (Wm. I. Traver soisr, is^. ^ir.. Carriage, Sleigh, Sip and Ornamental Painter. Shop, South Fifth Street, Cor. Union ; House, Green, Cor. Frederick Streets. EMORY ROEABACK, oijEjyco MILLS, jr. y.. CarriageTrimmer HARIWESS MAKES| And S)ealer in Sridles, Whips, Collars, &c. IW Repairing done with Neatness and Dis- patch. ACADEMIES, ETC.— AGENTS, SAILSOAD. 803 Colum'bia Co. Classified Business Directory. EXPLANATIONS. The Towns are alphabetically arranged at the end of the line, nnder the bnelness claesiflcationB. The post office address of each Indlvldnal or firm follows immedlatelr after the name. Where no poet office Is ^en after the name, it signifies that the name of the post office and town is the same, ^he names of farmers are omitted In this list, as they can readily be fonnd in the general list, by noting the flgareB at the end of the lines, which indicate the number of acres owned or leased by each. Academlea Etc. Adams, KobertE., Spencertown.Ansterlltz CLAVEEACK COLLEGE AND HUD- SON EIVER INSTITUTE, Eev. Alonzo Flack, A. M., principal. Claverack Eudson Academy, Scuermerhom & Mattice, principals. Academy Hill intersection of Columbia and Union Turnpike Hudson Hudson Female Academy, S. B. & G. Skinner, principals, 381 Union. . .Hudson HUDSON YOUNG LADIES' 8EM1- NABY, Misses Elizabeth and Sophia C. Peake, principals, 84 Warren. rHudson Einderhook Academy, Vanton Van- Schaack, principal Kinderhook Wyomanock Seminary, Misses E. H. & A. Delavan, principals New Lebanon Agents, Claim. Clow, James J., Stnyyesant Falls Stnyresant AgentB, Bxpreas. Bump, Henry, (National,) Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Clark, Harrison, (A. M. U.,) Bast Chat- ham Chatham GOOLD,WM. H., Chatham Center.Chatham LAY, G. W., (National.) Chatham Eeynold8,P.,Elder's Mills Station.Chatham BOUCHBB, ALLEN, (ISational,) Mar- tindale Depot Claverack 8EYM0UK, CHAS. E., CffationaJ,) Co- pake Iron Works...... ....Copake Poultney, John H., (A, M. U.,) 107 War- ren Hudson LATHEOP. JAMBS,(A. M.U. JKlnderhook MILLEH, T^?LSON, (A. M. V.J Vala- tle ....'. ..Kinderhook Bradley, J. W., Lebanon Bpringa i .-.New Lebanon Agents, Insurance. SMITH, JOHN W., Canaan Four Cor- ners Canaan JONES, J. WESLEY, (Diet. Ag"t Trav- elers' Insurance Co. of l^rtfbrd,) Chatham Village Chatham Mead, C. S. Eev., (Pboeajx Life,) Chath- am Village , .Chatham PHILIP, QEOEGB H., QMe,) Mellen- Tllle ClaTflrack HOYSEADT, FEANKLIN, Gallatin- ville Gallatin Lasher, Lewis C, Germantown *MACY, H. & SON, (fire, life and acci- dent,) 310 Union Hudson MACY, WM. H.,(flre,) 186 Warren. .Hudson Mitchel, E. H Hudson Parson & Gebhard, comer Seventh and State Hudson Philip, Jordan & Co., (general,) 188 Warren Hudson Poultney, John H., 107 Warren ... .Hudson Eace, Henry W., (general agent Eepub- lic Life,) 98 Warren .Hudson Tilden, Alpheus, 227 Warren, up stairs Hudson Van' Hoesen, Geo. L., (general agent New York Life,) ..... .Hudson Vilmer, Thos., (Metropolitan Life,) .Hudson Weller, J. B., (Phoenix Mutual Life,) 190 Warren Hudson Davis, C. W., Valatie Kinderhook Miller, James, Valatie Kinderhook Everest, F. W., (life,) New Lebanon Center ; New Lebanon GAY & CAEPENTEE, (Are,) Lebanon Springs..'.... .■....;..;'..... New Lebanon Wild, Theodore Stockport Agents, Patent. New, Edwin A., Phllmont Claverack Agents, Pension. Clarke, Wheeler H., 324 Warren. . .Hudson Agents, Railroad.' Vanbensohoten, Wm. M., (N. Y. C. & H. B. E.,) Boston CcfrherV Ancram Mills, Joseph B:, A. 'Whitfleld; Carriage and Sleigh Maker, Hudson, N. Y., advertises on page 303. He gives special attention to repair- ing, and executes all orders in the most sat- isfactory manner, using good materials and employing good workmen. His shop is South Fifth Street, comer Union. IV- Ba Hakes, whose card appears on page 302, is prepared to do all kinds of Painting, whether Carriage, Sign or Orna- mental. We commend him to the patron- age of our readers. Bemember the place, South Fifth, corner TJnion. ^ jr. D. Fo-nrler, agent for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine, No. 184 War- ren Street, Hudson, N, Y., advertises on page 258. Mr. Fowler is an enterprising young man, thoroughly understands his Dueinese, and will take pleasure in in- structing his patrons Into the mysteries of the Sewing Machine. The New and Im- f)roved Silent Feed has become very popu- ar among the ladies. If our friends in Columbia County have a proper regard for their own interest, they will call on Mr. Fowler. Pblllp BIrekmayer, Furniture Dealer and Undertaker, Chatham Street, Kinderhook, N. Y., advertises on page 350. Mr. B. keeps a good assortment of Furni- ture for Offices and Dwellings, and makes to order at short notice. Those of our patrons who want good substantial furni- ture at reasonable prices, will consult their own interest by calling on Birckmayer. Everything in the line of Undertaking is promptly attended to. C. li. Herrlck & Son. Candle Manufacturers, Kinderhook. N. Y., adver- tise on page 254. Messrs. H. & Son deal largely in Tallow, Wool, Leather, Hides, &o., and have a branch store at Chatham Village. They pay the highest cash prices for all goods purchased, and sell in quan- tities to suit purchasers, at as reasonable rates as any firm In the County. Give them a call. Jobn Kendall & Co., Thermometer Manufacturers, New Lebanon, N. Y., ad- vertise on page 266. This manufactory was established in 1820, and there is scarce- ly a town or a hamlet where these Ther- mometers are not,used. For accuracy they are unsurpassed ; they are used by scientific men where the greatest accuracy is re- quired. The facilities of Kendall & Co. for the manufacture of these celebrated instruments have been increased from time to time to keep pace with the increasing demand, so that all orders will be prompt- ly filled. A. ]>• Gale^ manufacturer and dealer in Harness, Trunks, Whips &c.. West Leba- non, N. Y., will make you a good Harness or sell yon a good Whip, Blanket, or any article in his line, at as low a price as any reasonable man will ask. His card appears on page 378. B. Clapp's Family Grocery and Pro- vision Store, Stnyvesant, N. Y., is well stocked with goods needed in every family, and as to prices, customers have only to call and satisfy themselves that here is the place to purchase. See card on page 274. THra, I.athani, No. 113 Warren St., Hudson, N. Y., publishes an advertise- ment, interesting to the ladies, on page 274. Mrs. L. wiH furnish a variety of ar- ticles essential to the make-up of a lady, on as liberal terms as any of her neighbors,' Call and see before purchasing. Jacob 'Waterman, Baker, No. 225 Warren Street, Hudson, N. Y., will furnish you with the '' Staff of Life " or the orna- mental appendages in the shape of Cake, Candy, :EtEJTII, Carpenter Shop, 146 Union Street, HU DSON, W. Y. t TVe are prepared to furnish Plans, 3 Estimates, and Contract for Pablie Baildings, Private Eesidences, Repairs, or any kind of work in car line, at the very shortest notice and on the most reasonable terms. All work and materials guaranteed to be as represented. WILLIAM A. AVERT. CHARLES E. HILDRETH. ■ - ^^ ' I' Steam Job Printing House! Work done by Steam and on ^ower t*resses. CALL AT THE BifeilF ^ W©©Mf itM @ttl®© FOR ALL KJNDS OF Bills, Circulars, &;c. Card Printing, Of every description, done on the shortest notice, and at prices {uwer than any estab- lishment in this city. The Dailj & Weeklj 8tar, Have the largest circulation of any Dally or Weekly Papers printed in this County and vicinity, and are therefore the best ADVBRTISmO MEDIUMS. ALEX. N. WEBB, Proprietor. S HICK MAN VPA CTXTRERS— CABPBNTEES AND B VILDEBS. 3*1 Brick MannfiEictarera. Brneo, Alphonzo Hndson Byrne, B. V., 42 Union Hndson Byrne, Geo. 0... Hudson MILLERi HENKT, 80BX Warren.. Hndson Akin, Kellogg & Co., (pressed brick,) : Stockport BEOtrSSEAU, EDWAED, Schodack Landing, Eensselaer Co Stuyvesant Brldse Bnilders. STEWART, MAEKS, Chatham Village Chatham STBWAET, THOS., Chatham Village. Chatham Broom JHalLers. SHAEEES, Mount Lebanon. New Lebanon Bnilders. (See Carpenters and Builders. Masons and Builders, Contractors ati.d Builders, Architects and Builders.) Building Movers. STBWAET, MAEKS, Chatham Village Chatham STEWARTj THOS., Chatham Village Chatham Watermyre, David Ghent Butchers. (See Meat Markets and Butchers.) Carding mills. GAUL, JOHN C, Sjpencertown.Austerlitz BAEBINGEE, SOW B., Glenco Mills Livingston Carpenters and Builders. (See also Architects and Builders, Contrac- tors and Builders, Masons and Builders.) Decker, Bli, Copake Ancram DENNIS, JAMES .Ancram Seism, Henry '. Ancram Smith, Nicholas, Boston Corner... Ancram WBNTWOETH, JAMES. Ancram WILLIAMS, HIRAM L Ancram Brovfn, Gilbert Austerlitz Doty, Wm., Harlemville Austerlitz GEISWOLD, JAMBS T.,Spencertovfn ; Austerlitz Griswold, John, Spam ertown... Austerlitz GRISWOliD, JOBCN W., Spencertown Austerlitz Harvey, Henry D., Spencertown. Austerlitz HOLDKIDGE, DANIBL J., Spencer- town Austerlitz LACVf, EZRA. Spencertown. . . .vAusterlitz MICHAEL, ANTHONY J Austerlitz Morse, Cyras, Green River :.. Austerlitz OSBORNE, LANSING Austerlitz PARCKS, GEO., Spencertown.. Austerlitz Shaw, John3 Austerlitz SM ITH, HENEY M., Spencertown . . .. .....Austerlitz WAGAR, GEO., Spencertown... Anal erlttz Bales, Wm., East Chatham Canaan BEMISS, CHAS. E., Eed Rock Canaan Church, narius. Plat Brook , Canaan FELLOWS, WM. H.,JB;ast Chatham. Canaan Eord. Almanza. Eed Rock Canaan Ford, John, East Chatham Canaan Ford, Lorenzo D., Flat Brook Canaan X 1 — . — — : Ford, Robert R., Canaan Center — Canaan Ford, Wm. O., Flat Brook Canaan Gifford, Morgan E., East Chatham.. Canaan Harder, Cornelius, Red Rock Canaan HARRIS, NATHAN,East Chatham. Canaan PARK, FRANCIS L, Red Rock.... Canaan Reynolds, Edwin R., Red Rock.... Canaan Reynolds, Milton D.,Red Rock.... Canaan TOOLEY, CYEU8 B., Canaan Four Corners Canaan Allen, James G., Chatham Village '. Chatham Brainard, John, Chatham Village. Chatham Bruwer, Jacob, Chatham Village. .Chatham Collins, Wm. B., North Chatham. Chatham Davis, I. R.,New Concord.... >... Chatham Davis, J. B., Chatham Village. . , .Chatham DOTY, DANIEL S., New Concord Chatham Ham, Henry, Bast Chathah Chatham Hilton, Daniel T., Rider's Mills Station Chatham Kittle, Joseph, Maiden Bridge.... Chatham LAY, SAMUEL C Chatham MCALLISTER, EDMUND B., North Chatham Chatham Mickle, W. A Chatham Moore, P. B., Chatham Village... Chatham RAY, BLIAS H., Rider's MiUs Station .....Chatham REYNOLDS, F.M Chatham Reynolds, T. C, Eider's Mills Chatham Sharp, Samuel C, Chatham Village Chatham SHAVEE, B. M Chatham Smith, Isaac E., Chatham Village. Chatham Steves, R. J., North Chatham .... Chatham STEWART, MAEKS, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Thompson, Amsey . .'. Chatham THOMPSON, ELIJAH G Chatham VOSBURGH, BAEBNT, East Chat- ham Chatham Walling, Henry L., Chatham Village. , . ■ Chatham Wickam, David, Eider's Mills Stalion , Chatham WILCOX, ANDREW J., Chatham Vil- lage , Chatham Anderson, Peter I., Hollowville..Claverack BEBBB, ALANSOJSf. B., Ehihnont. . .|. . •' Claverack Bennitt, Robert, Hollowville Claverack Glover, Obed, Philmont Claverack Mesick, Jacob, Hollowville Claverack SAWYER,CHAB. R., Mattindale Depot Claverack Shult, Wm., Mellenville .Qlaverack Spade, Thomas, Maitindale Depot ' J. .Claverack Tenbroeck, Jacob S., Mellenville Claverack Donerly, Adam, Tivoli, Dutchess Co. Clermont LASHER, CAMBRIDQB, Tivoli, Dutchess Co Clermont Near, Henry, Upper Red Hooi,Datch- esB Co... .-.Clermont Plass, Adam H ..Clermont Rlphenbargh, Anson A . . . j Clermont ScismV'Geo Clermont Bnrdick, Wesley, Craryville Copake Conklin. Milton, Crar,yville Copake Decker, Henry, Craryville Copake 342 CABPENTEBS AND BUILDEBS. Decker, Seymour, Craryville Copake Hallenbeck, Chas. , Hillsdale Copake Haner, J. H., Craryville Copake Haynor, Hiram, Craryville Copake Lape, Jacob Copake Melius, Norman, Copake Iron Works. . Copake Palver, Ward W Copake Schntt, Ira, Copake Iron Works .... Copake Shultis, Deddnok, West Copake .Copake Trafford, Milton Copake Van Deusen, Treelen .Copake Williams, Aaron, Hillsdale Copake Williams, James, Craryville Copake COONS, HENRY W., Jackson Corners, Dutchess Co Gallatin DECKER, ROBERT A., Blizaville. Gallatin Hagoner, Walter, West Taghkanick Gallatin HOTSRADT, FRANKLIN, Gallatin- ville Gallatin Kilmer, Alex., Jackson Corners, Dutch- ess Co Gallatin Knickerbocker, John, Gallatinville.Gallatin Patchen, Markin, Pine Plains, Dutch- es Co Gallatin Secor, Joseph, Gallatinville Gallatin B ARRINGER, WM Germantown Hover, John E Germantown Lasher, Ephraim Jr Germantown LASHER, JOHN E Germantown Lasher, Philip W Germantown Riptenburgh, John Germantown Sipperley, Gilbert Germantown BLAKE, ROBERT Ghent BOWKN, ALBERT T Ghent Coons &Fugiseu Ghent Davis, Orlando C Ghent Garey, Wm Ghent GARVEY, CHADNCEY D., Harlem- vllle Ghent Hermance Bros., Hudson Ghent HUNT, ALFRED, Chatham Village. Ghent SNYDER, GEO. S Ghent Speed, Abraham Ghent SPEED, SYLVANUS Ghent TEATOR, J. E Ghent Traver, Frank H Ghent VanValkenburgh, Isaac, Hudson.... Ghent Watermyre, David Ghent WHITE, WM.H Ghent Spencer, Cornelius, Hudson Greenport Andrews, Hezekiah, Craryville.. .Hillsdale Babcock, Richard Hillsdale Becker, Geo. I., Harlemvllle Hillsdale Becker, Henry L Hillsdale BECKER, PETER J Hillsdale Becker, Richard H Hillsdale Brusie, John Hillsdale Dakin, Ambrose L Hillsdale DeGroiT, James B Hillsdale Garrison, Peter Hillsdale Haywood, Orin Hillsdale Loomie, Ebenezer B Hillsdale Parsons, Wm. C, Green Elver. . . . Hillsdale Steward, Ephraim Hillsdale Wilkinson3itamH.,Harlemvllle.Hlll8dale Williams, John F Hillsdale Williams, Manning Hillsdale Wooden, Wm. H Hillsdale Woodln, Chas. T., Green Elver.. .Hillsdale Woodin, Timothy Green River. . .Hillsdale ♦AVERY & HILDEETH, 146 Union.. . Hudson Beekman, Thos. A., 165 Warren — Hudson Calkins, Alvln, S33 Union Hudson CHENEY & HAND, 10 North 2d. . . Hudson Covey, Ellas F., 78 Union Hudson Cure, Chas. B., 47 North Fifth Hudson DEDERICK, PETER M., corner North Fifth and State.... Hudson Hallenbeck, Allen T., 43 North Fifth.. ' Hudson HALLENBECK, DeWITT, South Fifth corner Partition Hudson Hand, George, 133 Diamond Hudson HOLDRIDGE, SIDNEY W., 80 North Fifth Hudson Macy, Sylvester, 9 Partition Hudson MBMBEET, ALLEN, 79 Union.... Hudson Ostrander, Wm. A., S48 Union Hudson Sedgwick, Wm., 69 Union Hudson DE fOB, TUNIS Kinderhook KENDALL, DENNIS, Valatie. Kinderhook Meslck, Barent, Valatie Kinderhook Mesick, Chas. A., Valatie Kinderhook Mesick, Martin, Valatie Kinderhook WHITE, GEO. H., Valatie .... Kinderhook BAEEINGEE, JOHN B., Qlehco Mills Livingston BlasB, Adam, Glenco Mills Livingston HOVER, FEEDEEICK T., Linlithgo Livingston Moore, Edward, Blue Store Livingston PlasB, John, Linlithgo Livingston ShefTer, Albert, Linlithgo Livingston Slater, James, Linlithgo Livingston Van Deusen, Geo. E Livingston Ashley, David, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Bostwick, J. C New Lebanon Bowman, Elijah B., New Lebanon Cen- ter.. .New Lebanon CHANDLEE, JEEEMIAH Jb., West Lebanon New Lebanon Hoag, Daniel H., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Irving, James, New Lebanon Center New Lebanon MERRILL, CHAS. W New Lebanon MERRILL, J. E., New Lebanon Cen- ter New Lebanon Merrill, Noah, New Lebanon Center '... .New Lebanon 8ANF0ED, N. B. H., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Shumway, JohnB., Lebanon Springs. ./. New Lebanon Shumway, Samuel G., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Shumway, Wm. D., Lebanon Springs.. New Lebanon Smith David A., New Lebanon Center New Lebanon CLUM, PHILIP H Stockport Clnm, Wm. H Stockport Crabb, John E Stockport French, Wm. B., Hudson Stockport Ham, Chas Stockport Patterson, Ales Stockport Peterson, James Stockport Shaver, Ephraim B Stockport STOPHILBEEN, PETES I Stockport Welch, Cornelius Stockport Welch, Henry T Stockport Welch, JohnF Stockport Wiweke, Louis Stockport OLOUQH, ISAAC L Stuy vesant CABPENTERa AND BVIlDBBa-OARBIAOE TBIMMERS. 313 Clow, BeDJ. F ijtuyveeant UINGMAN, BENJAMIN, Stnyvesaut Falls .... ~. Stayvesant Gillett, Wm., Einderhook Stuyvesint HOES, HENHT, Kiiiderhook.. .Stujvosant Losee, Towneend Stuyvesant KcPhersoD , John, Klnderhook . Stay vesant Pnltz, Thoa Stuyresant SICKLES, HENKY G StuyTesant StoUker, Wm., Kinderhook. . . . Stuyvesant Van Hoesen, Garret S., Stuyvesant Falls i Stuyvesant BLASS, WM Taghkanick Coons, Chas. L., Craryville Taghkanick COON S, KBUBEN A., Craryville Taghkanick Coons, Stephen H Taghkanick DBUM, DAVID Taghkanick Duutz, Adam, West Taghkanick Taghkanick DUNTZ, ADAM Jb., West Taghkanick Taghkanick DUNTZ, JKKEMIAH Jr., West Tagh- kanick Taghkanick Friss, Alex., Chnrchtown Taghkanick LINK, STEPHEN H., Craryville Taghkanick Miller, Stephen G., Churchtown Taghkanick Smith, Chrisjohn Taghkanick Young, Anson Taghkanick Carpet ll^eaver. VOSBUEGH, A. G., 13 North Fifth. Hudson Carriage, ITason and Silelgb Manufacturers. Bachrnan R. Ss S Ancram Woodvcaid, Geo Ancram GRISWOLD, JAMES T., Spencertown Austerlitz KINNE, CHAS Austerlitz Smethurst, James, Spencertown. Austerlitz Tenbreck, Theodore, Spencertown . . . Austerlitz TenBroek, Jamea A., Spencertown .... •. Austerlitz Weetover, David L,, Green River. Austerlitz CARPENTER, BERNARD H., Canaan Four Comers i Canaan DORR, EZRA, Canaan Four Corners.. Canaan Freese, Benjamin, Red Rock Canaan HATCH. GEO. O., Flat Brook Canaan Skiff & Son, Canaan Four Comers. Canaan ♦CARPENTER & FLINT, East Chat- ham Chatham *HOBEL, PETER, Chatham Village. . . Chatham Potts & Mesick, Chatham Village. Chatham Kansford, Henry, Rider's Mills Station , Chatham REED, JOHNS Chatham SHAVER, E. A., Chatham Center.Chatham "SLUYTER, FBEDBRICK,.-Chatham Cen- ter Chatham Stanley, Jobn, Maiden Bridge.... Chatham Swab Bros., Chatham Village Chatham ♦WALKER, PETER B., North Chat- ham i Chatham Anderson, Peter I., Hollowvilla..Claverack L.4.SHER, AUGUSTUS W... Claverack Lasher, Leonard, Mellenville... .Claverack LOOS, JOHN N., Hudson Claverack Risedorph, Henry .....Claverack SOURS, SAMUEL, Chnrchtown. Claverack Wolf, Jacob, Mellenville Claverack Bathick, Cornelias Clermont Coon, Jeremiah, EUzaville Clermont RI VENBUR6H, MARTIN Clermont Anderson, Israel, West Copake — Copake Curtis, Langdon, Hillsdale Copake Fick, Wm., Craryville Copake ♦LANQDON, GEO Copake Robison, Nicholas Copake Shultis, Edmund Copake WILKINSON, ADAM B., West Copake Copake Sitzer, Philip, Gallatinville Gallatin Stall, Sylvester, EUzaville Gallatin Denegar, Bphraim German town ♦MACKEY; ISAAC N Germantown ROWE, JOHN S Germantown Martin & Son Ghent Patrie, Nelson Ghent PHILIPS & SONS Ghent STORM, FREDERICK, Hudson ....Ghent BECKER, JOHN I., Hnmphreysville Greenport BECKER, WM. H., Hnmphreysville Greenport Albert, Wm., Craryville Hillsdale BURTIS, WM. R., North Bgrempnt, Berk- shire Co., Mass Hillsdale Hinkle, John, Harlemvllle Hillsdale Johns, Daniel M Hillsdale S ABIN, MYRON M Hillsdale Snyder, Alex. J., Harlemvllle Hillsdale Vanderpoel, James Hillsdale Wagner, Martin, Harlemvllle Hillsdale White, Thos Hillsdale BURGER .fcJKIDNEY, First Corner Union. ...: Hudson Coleman, Frederick, corner Green and Columbia Hudson Mnll & Weed, 14 and 16 North Fourth .Hudson Ostrander. Henry, South Third. . . . Hudson ♦WHITFIELD, SAMUEL A.7 South Fifth comer Union Hudson BROWN, SAMUEL N Kinderhook Fisk, Henry, Valatie Kinderhook Peterson. J. W., Valatie Kinderbook REYNOLDS, CHAS. B., Valatie Kinderhook Reynolds, Hiram, Valatie Kinderhook RISEDORPH, EDWARD Kinderhook Coon, Wm., Blue Store Livingston MANSFIELD, JAMBS L Livingston NIVEK, NORMAN, Glenco Mills... Livingston SMITH, JOHN P Livingston Smith, Z. P., Blizaville Livingston Stall; Sylvester, Ellzavilla Livingston Bruley, Jones, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon TRUAX, ISAACS Stockport V0UGHT,QBO Stuyvesant COONS, RBUBBN A., Craryville , Taghkanick DECKER, MILO Taghkanick Roraback, Robert A., West Taghkanick ......Taghkanick Carriage- TrUnmerfi. LESTER, R, D Chatham Ogden,NathanleljGbatbamVillage.Chatham Uinkler, David S Claverack 314 CABMIAOB TBIMMBB3—CLBB07MEN. ♦EIFENBUEGH, HORACE J. . . . Clermont Wichmann, Henry Copake *HOVER, REUBEN Germantown Behrens, Anguetiis, 162 Warren — Hudson Nack, John, 192, Warren Hudson Spear, Wm. , Valatie Einderhook *EORABACK, EMORY, Glenco Mills. Livingston SMITH, THEODORE M Livingston Cattle ana Horse Dealers. MERCER. GEO, C, Green Elver. Ansterlitz SPENCER, AMASA, State Line, Berk- shire Co., Mass Austerlitz SPRAGUE, LUCIUS 8., West Stock- bridge, Berkshire Co., Mass Austerlitz BRINTON, SAMUEL, Canaan Center. Canaan Burrows, Addison, Red Rock Canaan Shaw, Samuel, Flat Brook Canaan Johnson, D., Eider's Mills Chatham EEESE, ISAAC S., Chatham Village.. Chatham Walker, John S., Chatham Village. Chatham Fritts, Vanuess, Mellenville Claverack Plainer, Jacob I., Hollowville... Claverack BAIN, JOHN A Copake CONKLIN, CALVIN, CraryviUe... Copake Holsapple, Whi. I., West Copake.. Copake Snyder, Wm. R., Copake Iron Works TATOR, wii." H.', Hudson. . '.".'.'.'.'.'. . Ghent WILLIAMS, M. B., Chatham Village GHSeot HUTCHINSON, CHAUNCY B, . . .Hillsdale Foote, Orlando B., Blue Store. .Livingston Carpenter, B. W., Lebanop Springs.. ■ ^New Lebanon Sackett, Aaron A. D., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Avery, Solomon, box 140, Hudson — ■ Taghkanick Cement. {See Lime, Plaster and Cement.) Cbarcoal manufacturer. Parsons, Albert B., Lebanon Springs. . RUNDELLVj.:v.v.;v.^v.\.;f!^s£?kpTt SMITH, JOHN Stock?ort Civil Engineers and Surveyors. FERGUSON, JAMES C, Spencertown WILLBTTs\jAcbB,Speicertowu.^.'.?''*^ FORD, ROWLAND t'. : '. 1 ". ! ". ! '. ! ^"clnlan ' BETTS, C. S., Chatham Center.. .Chatham Phelps, J. R., Rider's MUls Station. . . w^ibep^edM;::;:::::;;:::;::;.^^^ Chesebrough, Isaac C, Copake Iron Works..... Copake Van Densen, Hezekiah Copake Hood, Robert Livingston MONTGOMERY, JAMES, Hudson..!. „,-■ •" Livingston PlasB, Herman Stuyvesant Claim Agents. (See Agents, Claim.) Clergymen. Burch, James Rev., (M. B.,) . > Ancram Clark, James A. Rev., ~ Neeling, John H., Ancram.... Taghkanick Cheese manufacturer. Barrett, Egbert S Canaan Cblna, Crockery and Glass \rare. (See also General Merchants.) ♦CRANDBLL, HOMER, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Batchellor, James, (wholesale and re- tail,) 120 Warren Hudson GAGE, HIRAM D., 821 Warren corner Sixth Hudson Gantley, J. H., 295 Warren Hudson Thomas, A. C, 18 South Front Hudson Thomas, Moses E., 17 Columbia.. .Hudson Churn Dealers. Potts, Josiah Germantowii Cider and Vinegar manufactur- ers. GAUL, JOHN C, Spencertown. Austerlitz Parker, Geo. A., Chathtm Tillage... Ghent Pockman, Peter, Nivervine...Kinaerhook Spencertown . . _ „, „ Austerlitz Havens, Clias. W. Rev., (Christian,).. . „ Canaan Sager, Chas. Eev., (M. B.,) Canaan Four Corners Canaan ASHLEY, A. W. Ebt., East Chatham _ •;',v',;;"'i."' Chatham Bedell, Wm. Rev., (M. E.,) Chatham Bevier, , Eev., (Reformed,) New Concord Chatham Brown, Geo. W. Eev., (M. E.,) North Chatham Chatham Hams, Wm. F. Rev., (M. E.,) East Chatham.^ Chatham Mead, C. S. Eev., (Reformed,) Chatham ^J\'l?S,®-V Chatham GEANT, JAMES W. Ebt., (Baptist,) Martindale Depot Claverack Jone8,DavidA.Kev.,(Reformed,).«laverack LaMonte, Thos. Rev., (M. E.,).. .Claverack Prout, Wm. C. Rev Claverack EOSENBEEG, JACOB A. Eev., (Evan Luth.,) Churchtown Claverack 8EBEING, A. J. Eet., (Reformed,) Mellenville Claverack Zabriskie, Francis N. Eev., D.D., (Ee- formed,) Claverai-k GULICK,'WM. W. Bet., (Evan. Luth.?) Germantown Clermont ?owe,W S. Eev Clermont Church, J. Brownson Eev., (Reformed,) West Copake Conako Bllis Thos". Rev (M.E.,) ..iiico^akl Vedder, Herman Eev., (Reformed,) Pine Plains, Dutchess Co Gallatin BODINi, G.D. W.Rev., (Eetemed,) —■•;••• — 4,- • ■ '• ■ • • Germantown «nr'V,S-°°iS''-J*t; ^•') Germantown GULICK WM. W. Rev., (St. Mathews Evangelical Lutheran,) Germantown Sbo'^I- ?a5!7^' ^- H-)Philmont.Gheni SBBEING, E. N. Ebv., (Eeformed.i Hudson 1 Qheflt HIMBOD, JOHN S. Ebv., (Eeform^d,) ""™oi Qreenport CLBS a TMEN- COMMISSION MER CHA NTS. 315 * DAVIS, ABRAMEbv., (M. E.,)- -Hillsdale Gilbert, Eodnev Rev., (Baptist.).. Hillsdale Clowe, George W. Kev., (Baptist,) 147 Allen Hndson F'^azer. David E. Eev., (Presb.) 177 Union Hudson Hawxburet, P. E. Eev., (M. E.,) 69 Al- len. ■ Hndson Hull, Wm. Eev., (Lutheran,) lONortb Fiffh Hudson McClellan, J. Eev., (Reformed,) 176 Allen Hudson O'Sullivan, J. S. Rev., (Eoman Catho- lic,) Allen near Second Hudson Thompson, J. P. Eev., (M. E. colored,) .-...Hudson TOMLINSON, CHAS. W. Eev., (Unl- versalist,) 246 Warren Hudson Woodruff, C. T. Kev.; (Episcopal,) 68 Wan-en Hudson Collier, E. A. Eev.,(Eeformod,).Kinderhook Ford, S. S. Eev., (WL. E.,) Kinderhook PUelps, G. O. Eev., (Presb.,) Valatie. Kinderhook Quinlan, J. W. Rev., (M. E.,).. Kinderhook Weills, J. C. S. Rev., (Lutheran,) Valatie Kinderhook DUSINBERRE, THOS. S. Ebv., (Ee- foimed.) Livingston Macbey, W. A. Eev., (M. E.,) Elizaville Livingston WEET, JOSEPH D, Eev., (St. John's Evan. Lulh.,) Clermont Livingston Braoan, B. A: Eev., (M. E.) West Leba- non New Lebanon MoVEY, JOHJir Eev., (Union,) New Lebanon or Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Waierbnry, A. Eev., (Baptist,) Leban- on Springs New Lebanon Fisber, Geo. Eev., (Episcopal)... Stockport Fowler, C. Eev., (M. jS.) Stockport Hiscox, Eiohard Eev., (M. E.) Stockport Van Bnren, Bartley L. Eev., (Baptist,) Stuy vesant Pal Is Stockport Nevins, B. Eev., (Rerorniedj).. Stnyvesant Hovt, J. C. Eev., (M. B.) West Tagh- kanick Taghkanick CloUies Lines. Parsons, Henry L., (white wire,) Va- latie Kinderhook ClotlilerH and Tailors. JOHNSON, MART A. Mrs., Canaan Center Cgnaan Os'rander John, (janaan 4 Comers.. Canaan FERGUSON, G. H., Maiden Bridge.... Chatham Hoffman, Samuel, Chatham Village.. .. Chatham ♦JERKOWSKI, S., Chatham Village.. Cbatham Voas, Richard, Cbatham Center. Chatham Sagendorph, Nathan, Hndson. ...Claverack Eose, Julia Ann Mrs Copake Scott, Abram, Craryville Copate Werner, Adam Germanlown Collins, Jeremiah C Hillsdale Ki I mer, Maiy Mrs Hillsdale BacUmnn, S. & Co., 8.')l Warren.... Hudson BELKNAP & LIVBRMORB, 805 War- ren Hudson Fredlauder, Joseph, 123 Warren. . .Hudson Greenthal & Schattman, 338 and 341 Warren Hudson HARDT, JOHN, Third cor. Diamond . . Hudson Harris, A., 77 Warren Hndson Kritzman, Samuel, 326>!f Warren... Hndson Levison, Michael, 18 Columbia Hudson Miller & Lottridge, 130 Warren Hudson Ogrodowsky, Solomon, 18 Columbia Hndson Rockefeller, Allen, 330 Warren. . . Hudson ♦SAGENDORP, NATHAN, 183 War- ren Hudson Simons, Morris, 337 Warren Hudson •SKINNER & 8ANF0RD, 147 Warren Hudson Swartz, S. M., (wholesale,) west side Public Square Hndson Sylvester, M., 333 Warren Hudson •TILLEY & ALDCEOPTT, 201 and 203 Warren Hudson Warsher, A,, 21 and 23 Warren Hudson Warshor, B., 13 South Front Hudson Weiss, Samuel, 345 Warren Hudson Wronskx, Jacob, 341 Warren Hndson Connor, J. P., Valatie Kinderhook Predlander, M., Valatie Kinderhook Miller, A. Miss . . : Kinderhook Smith, James, Valatie Kinderhook Van Loan, John Kinderhook Bristol, A. T., Lebanon Springs .New Lebanon Thomson, B. Miss, Brainard, Rens- selaer Co New Lebanon Harder, Wm.H. Stockport Hover, Eliza Mrs., West Taghkanick Taghkanick Goal and Wood Dealers. Hndson, C.B Chatbam Lake, R. J., Chatham Village Chatham Palmer, O. &Son, East Chatham. Chatham VAN BUREN, JOHN, Chatham Village .Chatham Simpson, Benson, Craryville Copake Lasher, John B....''- Qermantown BULKELEY & BULLOCK Hillsdale BADGLEY, WM. & CO., north of Perry Hndson Crego,^Geo. W., 100 Diamond Hudson DORM ANDY, JOHN C, corner Dia- mond and Front Hudson Hull. John B., South Bay Hndson JOHNSON, B. S., (wholesale and re- tail,) Public Square Hudson MACY, P. A. & G. H., (kindling wood,) 206 Warren Hudson ^oore & Hogeboom, (wholesale,) junc- tion H.R.R.R. and B. & A R.R.Hud8on Parson & Gebhard, corner Seventh and State Hudson Remington & Co., 20 Warren Hvftson Strain, David, Niverville Kinderhook GAY, CAHPENTEE & GILLET, Leba- non Sprines New Lebanon WILCOXSON & CO Stnyvesant Gommlsslon jnCerchants. (See also Produce Dealers.) BeckWTth, Samuel, East Chatbam. Chatham Borigbt & Boice, (Chatham Village.Ohatham Knds, GroBvenerA . Hillsdale Bacon, C. W., New Lebanon Center. . . New Lebanon 316 CONFECTIONERY AND TOTS— OUT GOODS. Confectionery and Toys. (See also Bakers and Confectioners.) *TYLBK, FRANKLIN W., Chatham Village Chatham Van tassel, Edward C, Mellenville BIDDLE,' J0SiAH,'l31 biainond. HudeoQ Pingarr, Chas., 243 Wafren Hudeon Lamasure, H. Mre., 306 Warren Hudson Reed, Truxton, 301 Warren Hudson Rowles & Bro., 169 Warren Hudson Rowles, W. S., 69 Warren Hudson Pinchett, John H. D Einderhook Contractors and Builders. {See also Architects and Builders^ Carpen- ters and Builders, Masme and SuUders.) SIMMON, R. S. & SON, Philmont Claverack Coopers. FEROW, DAVID, Chatham Village.... Chatham POTTS &LOWN 6ermantown Alcott, H. H. &p. W., corner Fifth and State .' Hudson Moore, Wm., Franklin Square. . . .Hudson Rice, Chas., Blue Store Livingston Crippen, Henry D., (butter pails,) Bast Chatham New Lebanon CHAPMAN, HENRY, Stuyvesant Falls ; Stuyvesant Corn Husk Manufacturers. BARRINGER, JOHN B., Qlenco Mills Livino-Bton BUSS, FREDERICK W Stockport Cotton JHUls. HATES, HIRAM, Red Rock Canaan Abbott, A. , Valatie Kinderhook Canoe Cotton Mills, J. Carpenter.prop., Valatie Kinderhook Earl, Geo. D Kinderhook WILD'S SONS, N., (printing cloths,) Valatie.? , Kinderhook STOTT, C. H. & F. H., (flannel,) Stott- ^T;1Io Stockport Wild's Sons, N Stockport Van Alstyne & Co., Stuyvesant Palls.. Stuyvesant Crockery. (See China, CrocTcery and Glass Ware, also General Merchants.) Dentists. BAILEY, WM. C, Chatham Village. . . ■ ■ jfe Chatham JONES, H. D., East Chatham.. ..Chatham Colton, A., 324 Warren Hudson *HART, WM. H., 225 Warren Hudson Sheldon, J., 829 Warren, 3d floor. . .Hudson Smith, Henry, 312 Warren Hudson SiU'^J.^S'^tJ^ Kinderhook U®S5^??'.t„^-> ™»t'« Kinderhook MoWILLIAMS, JOHN, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Door, Sash and Blind inaun- factnrers. Baker & Malcher, 284 Warren Hudson Dress and Cloak makers. Harris, L. Miss, Maiden Bridge. . .Chatham *LOWE, ANNA L. Mbs., Chatham Village Chatham •PULVER, BELL Mias, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Wright, L. A. Mrs., Maiden Bridge Chatham Rifenburgh, C. E. Mrs Clermont Sipperley, A. K. Miss Qermantown Austin, M. Mrs., 295 Waren, up stairs. ;.... Hudson Best, Joaie Mrs., 16 North Front... Hudson Bnrgert, Geo. L., 312>f Warren Hudson Cunningham, M. I. Mrs., State Hudson Dieterich, R. Mrs., 84 South Front. Hudson HODGE, P. S. Miss, 127 Warren corner Third Hudson Miller, Albert Mrs., 48 Union Hudson Ostrander, L. Mrs., 248 Union..,.. Hudson Overbaugh, A. B. Miss, 63 Warren. Hudson Rowe, M. Mrs., 317 Diamond Hudson Ryder, B. H., 289 Warren Hudson ♦SMITH, C. & D. Misses, 283 Warren .' Hudson Snyder, Helen H. Mrs., State Hudson Williams, E. Mrs., 866 Warren Hudson Miller, A. Miss Kinderhook Eoughtailing, E. Mrs., West Lebanon. New Lebanon Drue;ststs. BARNES, W. H. & CO., (wholesale and retail,) Chatham Village Chatham Best, J. L., Chatham Viflage Chatham JONES & CADY, East Chatham.. Chatham HARRIS, WM.D Ghent Baringer, Henry J., 103 Warren ..Hudson BESl*, HENRY, 351 Warren Hudson Hinsdale, C. W. & Co., (wholesale and retail,) 305 Warren Hudson Rossman, L. J., corner Warren and Fourth Hudson , Rossman & McKinstry, 329 Warren. Hudson Storrs, Geo., 150 Warren Hudson Wardle, JohnK., Warren corner Front Hudson WHITING & SARGENT, 323 Warren Hudson Flagler, L. B Kinderhook Mil ler, James, Valatie Kinderhook MIX, WM. B Kinderhook Van Alstyne, F. B Kinderhook Van Slyck & Harrison, Valatie .Kinderhook • Dry Goods. (See also General Merchants.) *CRANDELL, THOS., Chatham Vil- lager. Chatham Vedder, Smith, Maiden Bridge... Chathajn Fiero, C. Christian, 126 Warren.... Hudson Green, Isidor, 287 Warren Ijudson Guernsey & Terry, 317 Warren Hudson Lax, Morris, 24 South Front Hudson Menick, Bros., 809 Warren Hudson Moore, M. P. & Co., 312 Warren .. .Hudson Plank, N. 8. & Co., 326 Warren . . . .Hudson Silverman, Mayer, 9>i Sonth Front.Hudson Skinner, E. B., 144 Warren Hudson Strauss & Dosenheim, 308 Warren. Hudson Terry, C. C, 148 Warren !. .Hudson WIGHT, WM H., 149Warrou Hudson Qerst & Bro., Valatio Kinderhook DTBB3 AND SCOUBEBS—FLOUBINO HILLS. 317 Dyers and Scourers. Brown, Frank A., 6 South Third. . .Hudson Myers, Chas., comer Diamond and Third ^ Hudson Eating Honses. {See Saloons and Bestaurants.) i;dge 'tool mannfacturers. Higgins, Michael D., (mechanics',) Green Biver Ansterlitz Engravers. Spencer, W. H., 285 Warren Hudson Express Agents. (Set Agentt, Ssepreai.) Fancy Goods and Varieties. CARPENTER, O. L. & CO., Canaan Four Corners " Canaan *TRACT,DELIA A. Miss, ChathamVll- lage Chatham Heermance, Heman C Claverack Bradley jaaryM. Mrs., 182 Warren. Hudson Clancy, K. and M. Misses, 104 Warren . Hudson Hardick, Mary, 291 Warren ^Hudson Macy, Cyrus, 133 Warren Hudson Morris, Wm. R., 4 Warren Hudson ♦SMITH, M. A. MBB.,ai9 Warren, Hudson Spencer, W. H., 286 Warren Hudson Fire Engines. CLAPP & JONES MANUF. CO., near South Bay Iron Works Hudson Flsli and Oyster Dealers. Coon, Christopher Germantown Rockefeller, Lisonard Germantown Saulpaugh, Samuel Germantown Saulpaugh, Wm. C Germantown Shultis, Geo Germantown Kells, Robert, 41 Columbia Hudson NeVcomb, 8. B., liSyi Warren Hudson TEAL & TURNER, 200 Central Square Hudson Roberts, Frederick, Lebanon Springs. . New Lebanon WILBUR, ALEX. D Stuyvesant Wilcoxson & Co Stuyvesant Flour, Feed and Grain. (See also Flouring Mills, Produce Dtalers and General Merchants.) VAN BUREN, JOHN, Chatham Vil- lage ■ ..Chatham Jordan, Wm. A., Hudson CJaverack BIXBY, OWEN, (grain,) Hillsdale Earnum, Erasmus, 195 Central Square. Hudson Crego, Geo. W., 100 Diamond Hudson Groat & Allen, (wholesale,) 332 War- ren Hudson Jordan, Wm. A., (wholesale and retail) 24 Columbia Hudson Remington & Co., 20 Warren Hudson RIVENBURQH, JACOB M., (grain,) (wholesale and retail,) 73 Warren. Hudson Van Deusen, S. & C. A., west side Public Square Hudson GROVES, H Kinderhook Lant, Lewis G., Valatie Kinderhook Smythe, Wm. J., Valatie Kinderhook BINGHAM, CHA8. B., Gtermantown.. ^ Livingston Roden,™ilnstavn8 Stockport WILCOXSON &C0 Stuyvesant Avery, Solomon, boz 140 Hudson Taghkanick Flouring mills. (See also Flour, Feed and Grain.) Card, Eason, Ancram Lead Mines. Ancram AKIN, ELIJAH, Spencertown. ..Ansterlitz Akin, John, Spencertown Ansterlitz LAPE, ALEX ; Canaan Lawton, Jason, Red Rock Canaan Pratt, Heman and Joseph, East Chat- ham Canaan Tilden,^ Henry A., Canaan Four Cor- ners Canaan HAM, C Chatham Pratt, H. S., New Concord Chatham SHAFFER, J. H. & BRO., Chatham Center Chatham STEWART BROS., Chatham Village. . Chatham EXCELSIOR GRIST, FEED AND FLOURING MILLS, Wm. S. Smith, frop., Hollowvllle Claverack ENOO FLOURING AND GRIST MILL, Wm. M. Miller, prop., Hol- lowvllle Claverack HIGHLAND GRIST MILL, S. K. & S. G. Barton, props., Philmont.. .Claverack Miller, John & Sons, Martindale Depot MiLLBR, SAMUEL "b'.i MellenVille. . . . C ]fi.v prftclc RED MiiiLS, Peter S. Pulver','prop. . . . Claverack Rowe, Henry J., Hollowvllle Claverack SIMMON, R. S. & SON, PhUmont.. .. MoARTHUR & VAN DBtfSBN .'. . . Copake SNYDER, WM. H., Livingston.... Gallatin Vanvalkenburg, Hoysrodt, Gallatinville Gallatin BRISTOL & LAMPHBAR, Chatham Village Ghent EAGLE MILL, Peter Bngle, prop., Hudson Ghent HEERMANCE & FONDA, Hudson.. Ghent SPBNGLER, HENRY C Ghent Livingston, Edward, Humphreysville.. Greenport Mercer, Wm. D.,Harlemville Hillsdale Hudson Steam Flonring Mill, J. J. Mar- tin & Co., props., Franklin Square. . Hudson PULVER, S. B Kinderhook RAEDER, JOHN, Niverville.. Kinderhook GLENCO FLOURING AND CUSTOM MILLS, Wm. M. MUler & Co., props., Glenco Mills Llvmgston HAM,PHILIP,WestTaghkanlc.Livingston LINLITHGO FLOURING MILLS, Jacob H. Proper, prop Livingston WALKER BROS., Linlithgo.. .Livingston Walker, Henry, Linlithgo. . . . . .Livingston ADAMS, JOSEPH, New Lebanon Cen- ter '. New Lebanon Baker, Michael, West Lebanon New Lebanon LUSTH0FF,CHA8., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon 318 FLOXmiNQ MILLS— OBNEBAL MEM CHANTS, Empire Gnat Mill, Peter Philip, prop, Sttckport Slmltz & Acker Stuyvesaiit HAM, PETEE P., Qlenoo Mills or box 140, Hudson Taghkanicli Freighters. Tracy, Aureliiia M., Ghent Ansterlitz NOONEY, NORMAN A Copake MESICK & MELIUS Ghent WASHBURN & CO., Linlithgo. Livingston DINQMAN. JAMES Stockport Pnltz, JacoWH Stocliport WILCOXSON & CO Stay veeant Fruit Dealers. Coon, Christopher, GermantowD FISHER, ALEX Germantown Hover, Jonas Germantown Alcott, T. B. & Co., 1B9 Warren . ..Hudson Bostwick, E. F., 315 Warren corner Seventh Hudson Fox, George K., 179 Warren Hudson HART. LOUIS S., Public Square.. Hudson Kells, feobert. 41 Columbia Hudson TEAL & TURNER, 200 Central Square Hudson HULL, C. A., Valatie Kinderliook WILBUR, ALEX. D Stuyvesant Furnaces. Miles, Frederick, Copake Iron Works Copake Columbia Co. Iron Works, John A. Griswold & Co., (of Troy,) props.. Water near Ferry Hudson Hudson Iron Co., J. W. Hoysradt, agent. South Bay Hudson Furniture Dealers. White, Edward, Flat Brook Canaan *FISH, IRVIN A., Chatham Village Chatham Sharp, John L., Chatham Village. Chatham *VINCBNT, O. F. & CO., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham SPBNCE, HENRY Germantown Frdnch, D. A., 307 Warren Hudson ♦HEDGES & HEBRMANS, S26 War- ren Hudson Mandeville, A. W., 165 Warren Hudson WELLS, THOS. O., 288 Warren. . .Hudson ♦BIRCKMAYER, PHILIP Kinderhook Patton, James, Valatie Kinderhook Furs. (See Hats, Caps and Purs.) Garden Seeds. Groat & Allen, 832 Worrte .Hudson SHAgEES, Mount; Lebanon. New Lebanon Oas and Steam Fitters. *0'CONNELL, WM., 168 Warren.. Hudson *PAEKEE, BYRON, 213 Warren. .Hudson General merchants. (Who keep a general assortment of Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware &c.) Decker, Talmage, Ancram Lead Mines Ancraro HILLS, MARTIN L Ancram LAMPMAN & BURCH, Boston Cor- ner Ancram Niver, Albert C, Ancram Lead Mines.. Ancram Porter, John Ancnim Adfit, L. B.. Green River Ansterlitz HIGGINS,WM.S.,SDencertown.Austerlitz MARTIN, NELSON, Spencertown .... Ausierlitz PALMER, WM.G., Spencertown. Ansterlitz Varney, C. 6. Jr....' Austerlilz Varney, J. M. & C. G ... Ansterlitz Blunt &t Smith, Canaan Four Corners.. Canaan Kinne, Chas. S., Canaan Four Corners Canaan POWELL &DBGROFF, Red Rock. Canaan Sherman, Wm. N., Canaan Four Cor- ners Canaan SMITH & WILCOX Canaan Craudell, Solomon, Chatham Villase.. Chatham FINCH, DAVID L., East Chatham.... Chatham HUDSON, C. B Chalham PALMER, B. G., East Chatham. ..Chatham RAY, DAVID, Rider's Mills Station . Chalham Reynolds. S- & Son Chatham Roberts, Chas. C, Rider's Mills. . .Chatham *TENBROECK, W. H., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Traver, Aaron. North Chatham.. .Chatham *TEAVER&BELL, Chalham Village Chatham *UNION STORE, Tyler & Hamm, Chalham Village Chatham *VAN ALSTYNB, ANDREW, Chat- ham Center f Chatham Weiderwax, Henry, North Chatham Chatham HAYWOOD, WM., Martindale Depot Olaverack Hermance, Philip W Claverack LINK, HENRY, tSnydertown,) Hol- lowville ". Claverack Michael, Wm., Churchtown Claverack Miller, Freeman, Churchtown... Claverack NEEPUS, DAVID C, HoUowville... Claverack Ostrander, James H. & Co., Philmont Claverack SIMMON, CHAS., Philmont Olaverack Snyder, L. &M. B., Philmont... Claverack Southard & Groat, Mellenville... Claverack Coan, John A., Elizaville Clermont POLAND, GEO. Z Clermont FRALEIGH, WM. L Clermont Potts, A^am Clermont Williauis, Martin Clermont Burton, Sterling. Copake CRARY, PETER, Craryvilie Copake Kisselbrack, Qrovener, West Copake Copake LANGDON, A Copake MARSHALL, E. M., Craryvilie Copake VOSBURQH , OSCAR B Copake WRIGHT, WM., Copoke Iron Works.. Copake MILLER & VANVALKENBUR6H, Gallatinville...; Gallatin SNYDER, WM.H.-Livingston.... Gallatin KNISKERN, JOHN A Germantown Rockefeller, B. & Co Germantown ROCKEFELLER, PHILIP... Germantown HARRIS, WM. D Ghent OENBMAL MEBCSANTa—BBOCBBIES, BTO. 319 STICKLES BEOS Ghent STUjPPLEBEEN, JACOB Ghent Aitki/i, John P., HndsoD Qreenport BULKELEY & BULLOCK Hlll»aale Crow,Cha8 Hillsdale JJimmick, Eliphalet Hillsdale HE8L0B, ELBEET J., Harlemville . . „•- ■■■■ Hillsdale McNeil, Lewis B., Harlemville . .Hillsdale Parrjeh, Wm. E Hillsdale Shaver, Philip C, Harlemville.. ..Hillsdale Trafford & Hallenbeck Hillsdale VAN BENSCHOTEN, HEEMAN N.. „ • Hillsdale Carpenter, B. O., Valatie Kinderhook Halliday, P. S., Valatie Kinderhook Marrell, Geo KincJerhook Eichmond & Penoyar, Valatie. Kinderhook SHAUGHNESS & GARDENIEE, Vala- „''8 Kinderhook Cole, Samuel Jr Livingston GRAY, John, Elizavllle Livingston LYNK,PHILIP L.German town.Livings ton SHUTTS, SAMUEL Livingston WILLIAMS, lEA, GleDcoMills.Livingston BULL, CHAS. H., West Lebanon ...... ^ New Lebanon GAY & CAEPENTER, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Kellogg, Hastings, Brainard, Eensse- ' laer Co New Lebanon LEONARD, P. B .New Lebanon Nelson, J. S., New Lebanon Center . . . New Lebanon Tanner, B. T., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon HAM, S. H Stockport Moore, Andrew Stockport VAN RENSSELAER, V., Stottville Stockport BbMYEE & CRANDBLL, Stayvesant Palls SInyvesant Hall, H. B Stny vesan t Murrell, E. Jr Stnyvesant SAMPSON, CHAS., Stnyvesant Palls Stnyvesant Hallenbeck, Nelson, West Tagbkanick ' Tagbkanick Hayner, Walter, West Tagbkanick Tagbkanick Gents' Furnlsblng Goods. *FORD, H. MILTON, Chatham Village Chatham *DEYO, G., 79 Warrren Hudson Houllhon, Samuel, 378 Warren Hudson Glass Ware. (Sm China, Crookery and Olats Ware.) Glove Dealers. ♦SIMPSON, H. D. & CO., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Glne Mannfs. HALL, JOHN & SON, Hudson. Greenport Grain Dealers, (See Flour, Feed and drain.) Groceries and Fro visions. (See also General Merchante.) Brown, Clinton, Flat Brook Canaan Church, Silas L., State Line, Berkshire Co. Mass Canaan Lovejoy, Geo , . i Canaan Sheldon, Penner, Canaan Four Comers I Canaan Blunt, John W., Chatham Village.Chatham Blunt, J. W. & H. A., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham •BUREOWS, C. M. & CO., Chatham Village , Chatham Campbell & Jndd, East Chatham. Chatham Groat & Milham, Chatham Village.Chatham Kaui, M., Chatham Village Chatham Lay.RichardS Chatham LOVEJOY, C. W., New Concord. Chatham McBride, P., Chatham Village.... Chatham Patrick, J. L., East Chatham Chatham Snyder, H. A., North Chatham Chatham Traver, John B., ChathamVillage. Chatham Travor & Walker,Chatham Village.Chatham Wait, Edward T Chatham Colgrove, John S Claverack Haywood, Norman , Hillsdale Copake STAATS, JACOB Germantown Winans, David Germantown *UNDEEHILL, B. B Ghent Crismon, Henij, Harlemville Hillsdale Jones, Denison, Green River Hillsdale Alcott, T. B. & Co., 159 Warren... Hudson Bachman, Peter I., (wholesale and re- tail,) 358 Warren Hudson BARLOW, WALTER A., 128 Warren. Hudson Barnum, Erasmus, 195 Central Square. ; Hudson Bryant, James P.j 7 South Front. . .Hudson Carter, Abram, Diamond corner Third. Hudson CLAEK.EDWARD M., 187 Warren.Hudson Concklin, Walter P., Warren corner , Fifth Hudson COUSB, L. P. &C0. (wholesale and re- tail,) 361 Warren Hudson Coventry, M. N., 127 Warren corner Tbird Hudson Crapser, Wm. H., 311 Warren. ...Hudson Gaul, J. R., 13 and U Columbia.. .Hudson GILIJISPIE, ANTHONY, corner War- ren and Front Hudson Groat & Allen, (wholesale,) 332 Warren V Hudson Guinan, Michael, 8 Chapel Hudson Ham, P. L., I Green Hudson Hinsdale^C. W. *Co., 305Warren. Hudson House & Wattles, 322 Warren Hudson Howard, John, South Third Hudson Hubbel & Chapel, (wholesalej Ferry corner Water Hudson JeBsnp,Pred,corn er Fifth and State . B udsou Keenan, Patrick, 31 South Front corner Franklin /. Hudson Lane, Michael, Water Hudson Lanigan, J. Mrs., 17 South Front. . Hndson Lasher & Potts, corner Eighth and Col- umbia Hudson Lewis, James, comer State and Second Hudson Lewis, Patrick^ State Hudson McKinsirey, Wm„ 403 Warren Hndson Payn, Horace, 135 Warren Hudson Pinkham, Geo. A., 25Warren Hndson Potts & Sheldon, (wholesale and retail,) 326 Warren H udson Pultz, N. G., 56 Columbia Hudson RIVENBUEGH, JACOB M., (whole- sale and retail,) 72 Warren Hudson 320 OS0CBSIE8, ETC.— BATS, CAPS AND FUBS. Roe, John H., 207 Warren Hndson Eorabaok, E. A., (wholesale,) 344 War- ren Hudson Hote. Henry, 270 Warren Hndeon SACKETT, EDWIN, 10 Warren.. .Hadson SLUTTEK, WILLAKD, 33 Warren comer First Hudson SMITH, CORNELL, 266 Warren. .Hudson Smith, Philip, 66 Columbia Hudson Southard & Groat, corner Seventh and Public Square Hudson Spaniding. N. A., corner Diamond and North Front Hudson Thomas, Wm. & Co., 67 Warren... Hudson Van Densen, J., 342 Warren Hudson WHITE, JOSEPH, 344 Warren corner Seventh Hudson CHAMBERS, ALEX., Valatle.Kinderhook GARDNER, HUGH. . . , Kinderhook Geer, W, E., Valatie Kinderhook GROVES, R Kinderhook Johnson, C. G. Misa Kinderhook MIX,WM. B Kinderhook PULVER, W. H., Valatie Kinderhook SHARP, JAS. A., Nlvervilla... Kinderhook Smythe, Wm. J., Valatie Kinderhook Van Bps, Albert B Kinderhook Wltbeck, A. V. D Kinderhook Becker, Peter, Linlithgo Livingston WASHBURN & CO., Linllthgo.Livinlston BENNETT, WM. R Stoclport Brown^hos Stuyvesant Clapp, Hiram Stuyvesant *CL aRP, R0D0LPHU8 . . , Stuyvesant CONNER, MATHEW, Stuyvesant Falls Stuyvesant Mandevill, Griffin, Stuyvesant Falls.. . Stuyvesant Mehan, Chas., SchodackLanding,Hen8- selaer Co Stuyvesant THOMAS, HENRY D., Stuyvesant Falls Stuyvesant YAGER, ALEX., Stuyvesant Falls.... Stuyvesant Boice, Jacob Taghkanick Simmons, Walker, Craryville Taghkanick Hair Work. Green, Wm. H., (wig maker,) 154 War- ren Hadson TENEYCK, AMBROSE, Valatie „ Kinderhook Honghtailing, B. Mrs., West Leban- o" New Lebanon Hardware, Stoves and tUn- Tvare. (Bee mo Oeneral Merchants.) CROFUT, C. B., Hast Chatham. . . Chatham ♦MORRIS, GEO. L., Chatham Village. _, ■■■■ Chatham Traver, John B., Chatham Village. Chatham WAIT BROS .?.. Chatham ?,?ilJ'AT?J?w'S- K., MellonviUe .... Claverack •REYNOLDS, ESENEZBR Copake Knowlea, Chas. 8 Germantown *UNDERHILL, E. B. ..... . . ;™ Ghe™ COON, WM. .^ Hillsdale Alger, John, 93 Warren Hudson BENEDICT, B. B., Water corner Ferry Burdwin, Theodore, 14 North Front.. . Hudson Coffin, B. H., 299 Warren Hudson Davis, Samuel W., 18 North Sixth. Hudson DuBois & Brnsie, 339 Warren Hudson Hunt &, Miller, Water Hadson Kimball, E.W.. 146 Warren Hudsoa *PBABODY & R0S8MAN, 899 Warren Hudsoa Hogerson, James C. J3B Warren.. Hudson Rossman, E. L., 315 Warren Hudson Thomas, A. C, 18 South Front... Hudson Thomas, Moses E., 17 Columbia.. .Hudson THOMAS, SOLOMON, 20 Columbia. . . , Hudson Becker, A. V. A., Valatie. Kinderhook LATHRO P & REYNOLDS .... Kinderhook PALMER, CHAS Kinderhook SILVERN AIL, H., Valatie.. . .Kinderhook Snyder, John, (wholesaleO Valatie ... • « Kinderhook TRIMPER,DEDRICK, Valatle.Kinderhook Richmond, S. H. & Co., New Lebanon Center New Lebanon GIBBS, S. W. & CO., (manuf. stoves, furnaces &c.,) Stuyvesant *PALMEB, DANIEL, Stuyvesant Falls Stuyvesant Harness, Trunks Etc. KELLERHOHSB, REUBEN Ancram GEISHKER, PBTEK, Canaan Four Corners Canaan ♦KELSEY, LEWIS F., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham LESTKK, R. D Chatham Loveday, J. B., Bast Chatham Chatham ♦TOMPKINS & DOTY, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham BCKES, JOHN, Mellenville Claverack *RIFENBURGH, HORACE J... .Clermont WHITE, C. A., Craryville Copake Wichraann, Henry. Copake *HOVER, REUBEN Germantowfi Sipperley, Jacob Germantown Gay, Chas. B ; Ghent Doherty, James Hillsdale Behrens, Angustue, 162 Warren . , , . Hudson *BRO WER, GILES J., 365>i Warren . . - Hudson Nack, John, 192 Warren Hudson Rorabeck, Uriah, 814 Warren Hudson Rossman, Stephen, 160 Warren Hudson *VANDERPOEL, PHILIP, east side Public Square Hudson Becker, Sylvester, Valatie Kinderhook Rlsedorph, Franklin Kinderhook VAN VOLKINBUKGH, C. M..Kinderhook ♦BORABACK, EMORY, Glenco Mills Livingston SMITH, THEODORE M Livingston Crandell, Frederick S., West Lebanon New Lebanon Finch, E. Q., West Lebanon. New Lebanon •GALE, A. D.,WeBt Lebanon.New Lebanon Gale & Hall..... New Lebanon Kavanagh, John, West Lebanon ' !■ • • • ' . . New Lebanon Richmond, C. J,, Lebanon Springs .„•■ .New Lebanon WHEELER, CHRISTOPHER. Taghkanick Hats, Caps and Fnrs. (Seeaho Oetural Utrclianit.) *FORD, H. MILTON, Chatham Village Chatham EATS, CAPS, ETC.— HOTELS AND BOABDINO BOUSES. 3S1 Allison, Bobert, 156 Warren. Hudson Brown, Wm. , 318 Warren Hudson Solomon Bros., 185 Warren Hudson Spencer, Frederick P., 283 Warren. Hudson Swarts, S. M., 319 Warren corner Sixth Hudson Tompkins. Chae., 100 Warren Hudson Busby & Tallmadge, Talatie. . .Kinderhook Cook, Jacob Kinderhook KIP, WM Kinderhook Say Hoop mtannfli. HAM,S. H Stockport Hay and Straiv. Eider, Henry W., Bast Chatham.. Chatham Bider & Palmer, East Chatham.. .Chatham Lampman, J. C, Craryville Copake Lampman, Simeon, Craryville Copake Lampman , Walter, CraryTille Copake SMITH, AMBROSE, Craryville.... Copake BIXBY, OWEN Hillsdale CAMERON, ISAAC V., Craryville .Hillsdale CLARK & HAVILAND, (wholesale and retail,) Water corner Ferry. Hudson Mellen, John S., Water, Public Square Hudson Hnested, S. I., West Lebanon New Lebanon WILG0X80N & CO Stuy vesant Heddle Mannfi&vtnrers. Empire Heddle Works, Catharine E. Finkle, Peter Philip, Supt Stockport Hides and Skins. (See Leather and Findings.) Hoop Skirt mannfactnrers. Shelden, Fenner Mrs., Canaan Four Corners Canaan HOVER, B. L Kinderhook Horse Dealers. (See Cattle and Eorae Dealers.) Hosiery. OCKAWAMIOK HOSIERY MILL, Geo. W. Philip, prop., Philmont PHILMONT HOSIERY MILL, Nelson P. Akin, prop., Philmont Claverack Hotels and Boarding Houses. KES8ELBEACK, GEO. Jb Ancram Ros^man, Grovener Ancram Vosburgh, Sidney, Boston Corner.. Ancram Waldorph, Shelden, Ancram Lead Mines i Ancram WILKINSON, JOHN H., Ancram Lead Mines Ancram Harvey, Bnasel Ansterlitz 8TILLMAN HOTEL, A. P. Siillman, prop., Spencertown Ansterlitz VINCBNT, E. P., Spencertown. Austerlitz Church, Silas L., State Line, Berkshire Co., Mass Canaan LEAVENWORTH, EDWIN W., Canaan Four Corners Canaan Reily, James, Canaan Four Corners... Canaan VanaJtstine, Isaac L Canaan WHEELER, GBO., Canaan Center. Canaan Alender, L. Mrs., Maiden Bridge. Chatham Allen House, H. T. Allen, prop., Chat- ham Village Chatham Chatham Hotel, T. Hoag, prop .... Chatham CHATHAM HOUSE,Alex. Hoes, prop., Chatham Village Chatham Davis, H. L., East Chatham Chatham Maiden Bridge Hotel, Stephen Miller, prop.. Maiden Bridge Chatham Park House, Edward T. Wait, prop. Chatham Park Honse, E. B. Latham, prop., Chat- ham Viltee Chatham RAIL ROAD HOUSE, Alex. B. Watson, prop Chatham Sheridan Honse, R. H, Morris, prop.. East Chatham Chatham STANWIX HALL, R. W. Beach & Son, props. , Chatham Village Chatham UNION HOUSE, Alex; Hoes, prop., Chatham Village Chatham ' VAN HOBSEN, C. D., Maiden Bridge. Chatham Hurd, Wm., Mellenville Claverack Lawrence, Henry Claverack MARTINDALE HOTEL, Jacob C. Miller, prop., Martlndale Depot.. .. NEEFUsVDAVlbc.VHoiowviil'e.Claverack Robinson, James, Churchtown.. Claverack Snyder, Marshall and Eichard, Hollow- ville Claverack Union Hotel, Rensselaer Decker, prop., Churchtown Claverack UNION HOTEL, 0. W. Hagaman, prop., HoUowville Claverack UNION HOTEL, Albert Pulver, prop., Mellenville Claverack VANDBRBILT HOUSE, Peter H. Dinegarjjrop., Philmont Claverack Clermont Hotel, Horatio Plank, prop. . Clermont FRALEIGH, WM. L Clermont CRARYVILLE HOUSE, Peter Crary, prop., Craryville Copake Decker, A Copake DECKER, JOHN S., Copake Iron Works Copake MILLER, HOMER Copake East Camp Hotel, Rufus Lasher, prop . . Germantown GBRMANTOWN HOTEL, Philip H. Potts, prop Germantown Miller, Walter, Jr Germantown Mountain View Honse, Philip W. Rockefeller, prop Germantown ROCKEFELLER,GEO.H. Jr. Germantown DBYOB, CORNELIUS Ghent Perkins, Carescina Mrs Ghent BEST, SEYMOUR, Hnmphreysville. . . Greenport Hallenbeck, Jacob, Hudson Greenport Haws, John H., Stockport Greenport Columbia Hotel, John L. Duntz, prop.. Green Elver , ..Hillsdale Fargo, Jerome M Hillsdale HAELEMVILLE HOTEL, Joseph W. Finkle, prop., Harlemville Hillsdale HILLSDALE HOUSE, Alex. Miller, prop 1 Hillsdale SUMMIT HOUSE, Seymour Winchell, T)rop Hillsdale Wheeler, Abram Hillsdale American Hotel, Henry Thornton, prop., opposite H. E. E. B. Depot.Hudson 332 HOTELS, ETC.— JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Bostwick, E. F., 345 Warren corner Seventh Hudson Carpenier, Wm., 1 Wai'cen Hudson ♦CENTRAL HOUSE, Wm. H. VanTas- el, prop., Warren coraer Fiff.h . . . Hudson City Hall House, Edward Winans, prop., 158 Warren Hudson ♦CITS' HOTEL, Benj. H. Waldrou, prop., 31 Warren corner First Hudson Farmers' Hotel, Fletcher Blake, prop., 5 Columbia Hudson Fish House, Wm. Beid, prop., 149X Warren. Hudson Germania Hotel, John Hack, prop., 192 Warren Bfiidson Hudson House, Walter Rogers, prop., Franklin Square and Depot Hudson LASHER, E., east side Public Square jaudson ♦MANSION HOUSE, Wm. A. Bogar- duB, prop., 170 and 173 Warren... Hudson ST. CHARLES HOTEL, Briggs & Wil- cox, props., 34 Columbia Hudson Travelers Home, 5 Sopih Front, Pat- rick Kaeuan.piop., 6 Sou th Front.Hudson ♦WORTH HOUSE. Clias. B. Miller, prop., 81, 83 and 85 Wairen Hudson Central House, T. McLaughlin, prop., Valaiie .Kinderliook CLAPPER, JOi?DAN, Niverville _ Kinderhook FARMERS' HOTEL, Benj. Dedmyer, prop Kinderhook KINDERHOOK HOTEL, Wm.Bradley, prop Kinderhook KINDERHOOK LAKE HOUSE, E. H. Palmer, prop., Niverville Kinderhook Springetein, Maria A. Mrs., Niverville Kinderhook UNION HOTEL, Valatie, Smith Bros., props Kinderhook BLUE STORE HOTEL, Wm. H. Wash- burn, prop., Blue Store Livingston Cole, Peier, i^inliLijgo Liviny-stoa GLENCO HOTEL. Suydam Decter, Pi'op., Glenco Mills Li^^n^'ston LLVLITHGO HOTEL, Peter Cole, prop., Linli thgo Livingston Livingslon Hoiel, Edward Hermance, prop Livingston Union Corners Hotel, Z. P. Smith, prop,, Elizaville Livingston FIELD, JOHN G., Lebanon Springs.:. New Lebanon Hull, Henry, Lebanon Springs „,. New Lebanon West Lebanon Hotel, Michael Baker, prop.. West Lebanon New Lebanon WYOMANOCK HOUSE, Wm.F. Gale, prop., Lebanon Spriof^s... New Lebanon SwSSfS' HaWaii M 'S Stockpoi t EMPIRE HOUSE, Geo. R. Sbelton, prop.. Stockport Jerome, Lydia Mrs Stockport Mansion House, J. Hoes, prop... StocK port Race, Giti y Mrs., Stottville Siockport SS?JS' J'''"'>''=°'=« Stockport SHELDON CHAS Stockport Coxsackie House, John M. Van Loan „P';.''£"J^°^*'"^l''^i Gj'eene Co..8tuyvesaDt HALf WAY HOUSE, Claudius L. Ash- ley prop., Stnyvesant Fails.. Stoyvesant Mandflvill, Griffln, Stuyyesant Falls Stuyvesant STUTVBSANT FALLS HOTEL, John H. Moore, prop., Stuyvesant Falls ' Stnyvesant STUYVESANT HOTEL, G. Clapp & Son, props Stnyvesant Boice, Jacob Taghkanick MILLER, EPHRAIM, West Taghka- nick Taghkanick Iiisnrance Agents. (See Agents, Insurance.) Intelligence Offices. BIDDLE, JOSIAH, 131 Diamond.. Hudson Iron and Brass Founders and macblnlsts. BIRGB, CHESTER D., New Concord . Cha.ham ♦CLARK & VAN DEUSEN, Chatham Village Chatham ♦DRUMM, GEO. E., Chatham Village • ■'■ Chatham ♦HULBBET, P. F. &SON Chatham ♦ELLSWORTH, JNO. P., Philmont, (manf. paper and woolen machiniry,) Claverack Shelden, Abram Claverack Smith. John P., (horse powers,). Claverack VANBENSCHOTEN, JAY, Gallatin- Tille Gallatin ♦HILLSDALE IRON FOUNDRY, Wil- liams & Loomis, props Hillsdale Gifford, Bros., 31 Columbia Hudson Mitchel, R. H. & Co., State Hudson REYNOLDS, JOHN V., Valatie Kindei'hook Shillinger, Andrew, West Lebanon „ New Lebanon EMPIRE LOOM WORKS, R. Rov- nolds, prop Stockport DECKER, MILD Taghkanick Jewelers. (See Watches and Jewelry.) Justices of tbe Peace. DAVENPORT.CHAS. 8., Spencertown AusLerlitz FERGUSON, JAMES 0., Spencertown Ansterlitz PELTON, LYSANDBR P Ansterlitz Westover, David L., Green Elver.Austerlitz H and, Herman Chatham Thomas, Moses, Chalhdm Center. Chatham HORTON.HENRY P., Philmont. Claverack STUDLBY, ELBRIDQS Q Claverack Van DeBoe, Edward L Claverack SHIRTS, JOSEPH Clermont CRARY, BYRON, Craryville Copake Eobison, Nicholas Copake Shaver, Geo Conake WEIGHT. WM., Copake Iron Works; ; Copak e DeWitt, Wm. H Germantown ROCKEFELLER, PHILIP.. .Germantown KISSELBUEGH, GEO. A Ghent Miller, Jacob I., Harlemville Ghent SNYDER, GEO. 8 Qheiit HALLBNBECK, HAEMON, CatsklU, Greene Co Greenport Halenbeck, Jacob E., Hudson. .Greenport Hallenbeck, Richard, Hudson.. .Greenport JUSTICES OF THE PEACE— LEATEEB, ETC. 323 LAMBERT, PHILIP H., Hudson... Greeup'ort Niver, Henry M., Hadson Greenport Johnson, Jonn Q. HUlsaale Hankes, Arthur U., 6 Sooth Fonrtti. . . . Hudson HOVER, E. L Kinderhook KIP, WM Kinderhook Mil ler, James, Valatie Kinderhook SPRINGSTEIN, PETER, Nivetville. .. ,. Kinderhook SHEAR, HENRY Livingston S I all , Joel , Elizaville Livingston Ciippen, Henry D., East Chatham '. New Lebanon Gillet, S. W., New Lebanon Center .' New Lebauen WARNER, DANIEL New Lebanon BENNETT, WM. E Stockport DINGMAN, JAMES Stockport HAM, 8. H Stockport SCHERMBRHOEN, ISAAC M., Stott- ville Stockport Vosbargh,B. C.,Stuyve8antPall8.Stockport Clow, James J., Stuyvesant Palls Stuyvesant VAN PTCK, ANDREW P., Schodack . Landing, Rensselaer Co Stuyvesant WHEELER, THOS. M., Schodack Landing, Rensselaer Co Stuyvesant Allen, Samuel, Churchtown Taghkanlck Draper, Joseph, West Ta?hkanick Taghkanick Hawver, Wm. H., West Taghkanick. . . Taghkanick Knittins rauiB. AKIN, ROBERT, Hudson Claverack HIGH ROCK AND MELLBNVILLE KNITTING MILLS, P. M. Harder, prop., Philmont Claverack HENDERSON & HOFFMAN, Valatie. Kinderhook liadles' Furnlabtng Goods. *HANOR, E. W. Mbs., Chatham Vil- lage ; Chatham Bluiit & Hotaling, 128 Warrpn Hudson ♦LATHAM, T. Mbs., 143 Warren.. Hudson liadles> Pattern Stores. ♦FOWLER, J. D., (Butterick & Co's patterns,) 164 Warren Hudson •SMITH, M. A. Mks., il9 Warren. Hudson Ijaundrles. THOMAS' liAUNDBY, F. C. & 1\ A. Thomas, props.', Steele's Building, 824 Warren Hudson Iiawyers. HOTSEADT, WM Ancram Moore, Elisha Ancram Brown, Louis K., Chatham Village Chatham CADMAN, JOHN, Chatham Village.. . Chatham Daley, 6. K., Chatham Village Chatham Post, M. S., Chatham Village Chatham •SA5T0N, WM. W., East Chatham Chatham VeddeV B. H., Chatham Center. .Chatham HOETON, HENRY R, Philmont.. ; . Claverack Hubbard, John C, Hillsdale Copake Langdon, Gilbert Copake SHELDON, DANIEL Copake ROCKEFELLER, GEO. H....Germantown BELL, CHAS.M Hillsdale Dorr, Martin H Hillsdale VAN HOESEN, WM. L., Green River. Hillsdale Andrews, Robert E., 331 Warren^up stairs Hudson Atwood, Wm. H., South Fourth near Warren Hudson BEAL & BENTON, 247 Warren.. .Hudson Clarke, Wheeler F., 847 Warren. ...Hudson Clarke, Wheeler H., 324 Warren. . .Hudson Collier, C. P. & I. N., 329 Warren, up stairs Hudson Edwards, Samael, 384 Warren Hudson Esselstyn, Herman V., 20S Warren. .Hudson Gaul & Esselstyn, South Fourth near Warren Hudson Haakes, Arthur M., 6 South Fourth.Hndson Hogeboom, Henry, 48 Warren Hudson JORDAN, P. M., 78 Warren Hudson Longley, John B., 829 Warren, up stairs Hudson Longley, L. F,, Court House. . . . : ..Hudson Magoun, Edw&rd P., 324 Warren . .Hudson MAGOUN, STEPHEN L., 324 Warren Hndson McCLELLAN, HUGH W., South Fourth near Warren Hudson Miller, Jacob P., 190 Warren Hudson Miller, Peyton F., South Fourth near Warren Hndson Miller, Theodore, 155 Allen Hndson MONBLL & VAN WYCK, 268 Warren ..-. Hudson Newkirk & Chase, 305V Warren. ..Hudson PA YN, E. , 171 Warren Hndson PECK, DARIUS, 104>f Warren.... Hudson Peck, Horace R., 104Ji Warren Hudson Peck, Willard, 87 Warren Hudson Rowley, Alex. S., 324 Warren Hudson SNYDER, THEODORE, 171 Warren Hudson Storm^ James, South Seventh . .Hudson WELCH, JOHN M., 305X Warren, 2d floor Hudson Whitbeck, John V., 188 Warren. . .Hudson Farrer, A. H., Valatie Kinderhook PECK, EDWARD R., NivervUle Kinderhook Silvernail, Wm. H., Valatie. ...Kinderhook Tobey & Silvester Kinderhook Hood, Kobert Livingsron WHITBECK, JOHN Livingston GILLOT, RANSOM H., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Hawver, Wm. H., West Taghkanick. .. Taghkanick I^eatber and Findings. (See also Tanners and Ouniers.) *HEERICK, C. L. & SON, Chatham Vil- lage and Kinderkook Chatham ♦ANABLE, HENKY, 34 South Front. . Hudson *EEYNOLDS,ALLEN,19ColnmbiaHudson VAN DEUSEN, PETER, corner Public Square and Columbia Hudson Wescolt, S., 262 Warren Hndson ♦HEREICK, O. L. & SON Kinderhook 384 LIME, PLASTJSM, BTV.-MASONS AND BUILDBES. Iilme, Plaster and Cement. STEWART BKOS., Chatham Villace, . Chatham Miller, John & Sons, Martindale De- pot Claverack RED MILLS, Peter S. Pnlver, prop Claverack SMITH, WM. S. JoUowvlllo. . ..Claverack SNYDEE, WM. H., Livingston Gallatin Vanvalkenburg, Hoysroot, Gallatin- ville Gallatin WILC0X80N&C0 Stuyvesaut HAM, PETER, P., Glenco Mills or boi 140, Hudson Taghkanick Liquor Dealers. MoINTTEE, BACKUS, (manuf. cider brandy,) Ancram Lead Mines Ancrara Clark & Co., (manuf. cider brandy.) Chatham Village Chatham Hallenbeck, A., (wholesale and retail,) Chatham Village Chatham McBride, P., Chatham Village.... Chatham Hubbel & Chapel, (wholesale,) Perry corner Water Hudson Kendrick, David E., (wholesale,) 44 Columbia Hudson Roraback, E. A., (wholesale,) 344 War- ren Hudson PULVER, W. H., Valatie Klnderhook Livery, Exchange and Boarding Stables. BEACH, H. W. & SON, Chatham Vil- lage..... Chatham CHILDS, FRANK J., Chatham Village Chatham Davis, H. L., East Chatham Chatham HOES, ALEX., Chatham Village. . Chatham CEARY, PETER, Craryville Copako Central House Livery and Exchange Stables, P. H. Sheldon, prop.. Fifth • corner Union Hudson Pnlver, Egbert, 228 Warren Hndson Pulver, Peter S., 170 and 172Warren. Hudson Worth House Livery, A. L. Calkins. prop., 99 Warren Hudson *MEMBERT, JAMES J Klnderhook Sutherland, Robert, Valatie... Klnderhook Judevine, (^has. W., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Mandevill, Griffln, Stuyvesant Falls.. . Stuyvesant lioeksmltbs. Webber, Henry, 8 South Third Hudson liooktug Glasses and Picture Frames. ♦HEDGES cSiHEERMANS,SS5 Warren Hudson WELLS, THOS. 0., 288 Warren... Hudson Iiumber Dealers. (See also Saw Mlh.) •BORIGHT, S. & J. W., Chatham Vil. lage Chatham Wilbor, Samuel Chatham Slnip»on, Benson, Craryville C jUbHrfAAl^S I *°W -aaoaeds cceocooic UAioi^fiailoi' 2SSilS8SiSK^SSS?!S3" L- aDIN*1S><«GQO>Or-e ODIOUS oil' 'J3Al)ia39J£]i. I gomK^oiedf-^cdtoaDo'o: t> (0 oc oDt^oonoooo w to MS n o> CO M c6 • m » o ei m' ^ u 93 oj ^* 1g** 2 inV' c) ur 00 s n ODni0^ioo^'(ei-i-iictnboae4coio«on!C •sulKOOuaiO agag^aqggasassga^ss^a; It-9)<#c*«octao(oo3co--t-oi- tatoiao'.fr'C't- iV Ob «■ 00 ^ 00 CC OD to CIS a> C^ C^ -w te i-i iH <3 CO cv 00 1- B3 M s 00 ^ e^ CO ^e vi^ ID M (c oc 00 o> M oic^t^ ■«' 10 oC n nee _Mj*75fl*I5^ •-* w*w*y^ _T^«Hr-" c4 '^Qo w 03 '^ rH rH o em o( ^ B> HI 03 oi et (o oTds ^ « 09 o C-. •a^BtaaatBdoQ a"as's3'°assi8asagi"'ggs««ssA I s8a'°8S8 s-'39sss;a B gggsa aa«>- ieo«oit^eainc49ino9c~_<»coccwm9»iaHO>_(ecqoo~on coo^vaoe«0>occ-(Ciiir^iOK*oi~-eocOiHiOr4D-oie nap mniji^qo I SSa''gS'^Sag8i'°'sS''SSa''"S3g"°°3"°'"s-''s e9ccon-tf*Ccooooou numnqo wg|Js«8gggJriS;°'a''"g'^S''°"SS88Saa'-"S ioo«ea>o>ao teaDO*e>aoaB wir4iaiBOivMco>-i4u3 0C-ic ■tijaa-100 , _ -HjaajuD - - WCCaO)W w 00 r- e« oooo 03 1- ■ai UW 9.j93t«g I ^a8S 55""5"S3*g ''8S°'a3" 8'g»S;s"S35i SSSa"3« (D'<0ao^ia*HNaie9iAAu:e«Se«cQCSOAoqo*«oiqoooe> « O* OO'OO f- » 00 a W 00a 2 0» Sa 09 O "tflO « 09 W MS so 3 Tj « 3 "^SSaiitf ro'«s«oo«>»o)t-iO«to*-«ooeBt-oio»A»-ie«cto«ooSi-««iO'*t-b-to v«&T mSiony I Sa'^s"8a8ES'^8-'SS"3agga8'8a88SgaSS8Sga£' IlO«c*«e t4 t- <« ino-« 00 ii 03 e °'5a38as3B"{gsssgaasi;a''^ i«)e*Ai^i-^M>ea y^ »^ MCI g* CT ~* ^1— ^— 'tHt^ "'aasa' •» • ■ * *5» • i^ yiio ll : ''■■iiki '■■ :>^Sa, I . — ■! ^ ^ d fi st^ 'i^%>% ■: psaS.-aBisigSsfiai : a B q B f3 o adA.B,s^ o a a -• B-d sa « BiJ SiiiJ-B5 ail o^ t- >S' ) - S3 g^ SSsfi fc'E'E- o S" >•>>=« ^ £5'§5'g'«Sl S S OS I &2 B 3-3 »; 326 MASOITS, ETC.— MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. Stoliker, Andrew, Kindevliook.StnyTesant Van Valkenburgh, James K., Kinder- hook Stuyvesant Raught, Peter, Cliurchtown...Taglikanick Shadio, Robert C, CraryylUe-.Taghkanick Toiing, Philip Taghkanick Mattress manufacturers, (See also Upholsterers.) BUSS, FKBDBHICK W Stockport mteat markets and Uutchers. Decker, Eliae Ancram Shults, Jonae, Ancram Lead Mines. Ancram Adsit, Dan N., East Chatham Canaan Bnrrows, Addison, Red Kock Canaan DBQROPF, SAMUEL Canaan Adeit, D.N., Bast Chatham Chatham Clark & Smith, Chatham Village . . Chatham Finkle & Qott, Chatham Village.. Chatham Krafft,Theodore,Chatham Village. Chatham Rider, Wm. K., Rider's Mills Chatham Vanvolbargh, John J. Sd, New Con- cord Chatham Wait, Wm Chatham Fonda, Chas. W Claverack Mambert, H. V., HoUowville.. .iClaverack Miller, Ezra M Claverack Phillips, James E., Phllmont. . . .Claverack Whiteman, Philip, Phllmont Claverack Rifenbnrgh, Peter Clermont ANGEVINE, WM Copake Rockefeller, Jacob Copake Trafford, Robert E Copake Lasher, Augnatus L German town Philips, Edward Germantown ROCKEFELLER, CRAWFORD Germantown Boyce, Chancy - Ghent LEGGETT, WM. I Ghent VOSBURGH, JOHN Ghent Whiteman, Philip, Phllmont Ghent Best, Chas., Humphreysville Greenport Michael, Augustus, Crary villa Hillsdale Best, James R., Warrem corner Second ; Hudson Blake, Samuel B., 181>f Warren... Hudson Cole & Fritts, corner Warren and Front Hudson DAKIN, HENRr W., 74 Warren . .Hudson Pox, Joseph, 187 Warren Hudson Hamilton D. W. & Co., Warren corter Fourth Hudson Loefflerj Peter, 818X Warren Hudson MARSHALL, JAMBS W., 881 Warren Hudson Phillips, F., 845 Warren Hudson Storm & Hunt, Warren corner Fifth . . Hudson POWELL, JOHN Kinderhook EEINIG, CHASE., Valatie....Kinderhook SHARPS, ANDREW Kinderhook Methuen, Mark * . . . Livingston Rifenbnrgh, Edward Livingston Rockefeller, B., Qlenco Mills. .. .Livingston Moore, Walter S.,Brainard, Rensselaer Co New Lebanon Tanner Bros., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Thomson, James, Brainard, Eensselaer Co New Lebanon Benjamin, Geo. H., Stottville ...Stockport Benjamin, Wm. H., Stottville . . . Stockport Hess, Geo. W., Stottville Stockport BRYANT, SIMEON, Stnyvesant Falls Stuyvesant VANHOESEN, JOHN C Stuyvesant VAN VALKENBURGH, WM. L., Stuy- vesant Falls Stuyvesant Bryant, James, West Taghkanick Taghkanick Frise, Alex., Chnrchtown Taghkanick MILLER, BPHRAIM, West Taghkan- ick Taghkanick medklnal PreparatIous\ TILDEN & CO New Lebanon milliners and milllnerr Goods. {See also General Merchants.) Brainard, J. Mrs., Chatham Village... Chatham *HANOR, E. W. Mrs., Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Lawrence, E. Mrs., North Chatham Chatham *TRAOT, DELIA B. Miss, Chatham Village Chatham Wright, L. A. Mrs., Maiden Bridge.Chathaui Landon, A. M. Mrs., Phllmont. .. Claverack Adams, A. J., 817 and 219 Warren.'. Hudson Baxter, C. J. Mrs., 292 Warren Hudson Chariot, J. H. Mrs., 304 Warren. ..Hudson Curtiss, R. A. Miss, 291 Warren... Hudson Green, Isidor, 287 Warren Hudson Hamblin,H. M. Mrs., 63 Wfirren... Hudson Lay, Eliza Mrs., 266 Warren Hudson Ryder, B. H., 289 Warren Hudson Turner, H. C, 279 Warren Hudson Warsher, A., 21 and 83 Warren Hudson Benson, Margaret Miss, Valatie.Kinderhook Mitchell, W. J. Mrs., Valatie.. .Kinderhook Schermerhorn, Sarah Miss. . . .Kinderhook Trimper, C. M. Mrs., Valatie... Kinde'-hook Van Dyk, M.Mrs., Valatie Kinderhook Hemenway, F. Miss, Lebanon Springs. New Lebanon Houghtailing, B. Mrs., West Lebanon. New Lebanon « millwrlgbts. Davis, J. E., Chatham Village . . . Chatham Goodenongh, John, Maiden Bridge.Chatham Moore, P. B., Chatham Village Chatham Ingalls, Anthony, Elizaville Clermont SNYDER, GEO'. S Ghent Jones, B. F Stockport STOPHILBEEN, PETER I Stockport ASHLEY, AMOS H., Stuyvesant Falls Stnyvesant mineral Springs. COLUMBIA SPRINGS, Chas. B. Nash, £roff., Hudson Ghent BANON SPRINGS, Daniel Gale & Co., props., JLebanon Springs New Lebanon moivers and Reapers. (See Agrigaltural Impletnents.) music and musical Instru- ments. Knickerbocker, Benj. P., West Copake Copake AMBUHL, EDWARD, general agent for Chickering & Sons'^ pianos Ghent LITTLEWOOD, JOHN, (piano fortes,) 813 Warren , Hudson NEATS FOOT OIL, ETC.— PAPER MANUFACTUBEES. 3S7 Neat's Foot Oil mannfacturers. HALL, JOHN & SON Greenport Ken's Dealers. (See also Books and SMionert/:) BAME, O. H., Chatham Village. . .Chatham Baxter, C. J., 292 Warren... Hudson Bnrgert, Geo. L., 8ia>i Warren Hudson Hudson NewB Depot, E. Faxon, prop., 178 Warren Hudson Geer, W. E., Valatle Kinderhook Nurseries. BUSHNELL, S. G., Chatham Vlllase,. Chatham HARDER, WM. L., Stockport Ghent Vincent, David W., traveling agent. Ghent *BROCKSBANK.WM.,Hud8on. Greenport BROOKSBr, ALEX., Hudson... Greenport Macy, John I., Hudson Greenport * WILDBY, D. C, (agent for Kllwanger & Barry's Rochester Nurseries,) 53 Warren ; . . , Hudson Jacobi, Allen Kinderhook Vosbnrgh, James C Kinderhook SHEAR, HENRY Livingston Painters. WOODEN, MANANDtrS, (house and sign,) Millerton, Dutchess Co.. . .Ancram DERIGON, JOSEPH, (house and sign,) Canaan Four Corners Canaan Jones, Wm., (house and sign,) Canaan Four Corners Canaan Ashley, B. H., (house and sign,) Rider's Mills Chatham Ashley, C. A,, Chatham Village. ..Chatham Bristol, G. W., (house and sign,). . Chatham Doljbs, Thos., (house,) Maiden Bridge. ■ Chatham ELLSWORTH, NELSON T., (house and carriage.) East Chatham .... Chatham EVERETT, WM., Chatham Village .. . Chatham Finch, Geo. S., (house and carriage,) East Chatham Chatham Finch, Thos Chatham LAWRENCE, JOHN W., (carriage,) North Chatham-. Chatham Melius, Howard, (landscape,) North Chatham -.Chatham TETHERLY; WM., (fresco,) New Con- cord Chatham Wvland, Oscar, Chatham Village.. Chatham L(50S, JOHN N., (carriage,) Hudson Claverack RICHARDSON, LOUIS, (carriage and ornamental,! Claverack VANDBRPOEL, GEO., (carriage,) Mel- lenville Claverack Moore, Austin, (house,) Claverack Holsapple, James, (house,) Copake Stalker, Geo. W., Craryville. . . . Copake WHlTBEuK, AMBROSE, (house,) Cra- ryville ....Copake William, James, (house and sign,) Cra- ryville,) Copake BOSWILL, BENJAMIN, (.house and carriage,) Gallatinville Gallatin *BARINGER, JOHN I., (house and pign,) Germantown Stickles, Horace, (house and sign,) Germantown MEGURT, CHRISTOPHER, (honse and carriage,) Ghent V CHUECH,FREDERICKE., (landscape) Hudson Greenport Becker, Philip Hillsdale Johns, Daniel M Hillsdale Shnrts, Marvin Hillsdale Truesdell, John Q, Hillsdale Vandernoel, James Hillsdale White, Thos ; Hillsdale Burdwin, JohnT., (house and signO 75 Warren Hudson Duffy, Edward, (bouse, sign and car- riage,) State Hudson *HAKES. WALTER B., (carriage, sign and ornamental,) South Fifth corner Union Hudson Shaffer, Alvin D., (carriage,) over Mull & Weed's carriage factory.Fonrth.Hudson Tobey, Silas W. & Co., 297>i Warren. , : Hudson Jewell, Eli.,Valatie Kinderhook Van Valkinborgh, Wm. F Kinderhook Geroldseck, J. Lewis . . . i Livingston MANSFIELD, JAMES L Livingston HEMENWAY, HARRISON, (house,) Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Smith, John, (house,) West Lebanon.. New Lebanon Wild, John H., (house,) Stockport Anderson, We8ley,(hou9e,) Church town Taghkanick Best, Ambrose, (house,) Craryville — J Tagbkanick Link, Jonathan, (bouse,) Tagbkanick Paints and Oils. (See also Druggists.) Mead, l6aac,(Averil Paint Co.,)Spencer- town Austerlitz Baker & Malcher, 234 Warren Hudson Little, Geo. L., 171 >i Warren Hudson Paper Hauginss, Wlndoiv Shades Etc. (See also General Merchants.) Baker & Malcher, 2.S4 Warren Hudson MILLER, STEPHEN B., 294 Warren.. Hudson Steel, C. L., 224 Warren Hudson Van Gordeu, J. H., (manuf. window shades,) Hudson Paper manufacturers. Peaslee, Geo. H Ancram CANAAN PAPER MILL, Gideon S. Drowne, agent, Canaan Four Comers Canaan CHADSEY, C. A. & CO., Canaan Four Corner? Canaan DAVIS & ALLEN, Canaan Four Cor- ners Canaan SIMMONS & HAM, East Chatham. Canaan CLARK, JAMES,ChathamVillage. Chatham COLUMBIA MILLS, (straw wrapping,) Bullis Bros., props., Chatham Center Chatham Davis, C. F., Chatham Village Chatham GILBERT, BARTLETT, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Mesick, Peter, Chatham Village.. Chatham Peaslee, H. W., Maiden Bridge... Chatham SMITH, EDGAR, (printing paper,). Chatham Village Chatham SONN & AMES, ChathamVillage. Chatham TOMPKINS, CHAS., Chatham Village Chatham 328 PAPER MANXJF8.—PLEASVRE BOATS. i LOSEB, ALEX. T Gemaiitowli Smith, Strobridge Germantown GREEN & SON. (homeo.) Ghent MOORE, SAMUEL, (alio.) Ghent Mull, Philip W.. (homeo.) Ghent GETTY, ANDREW, Hudson.... Greenport Cornell, Henry, (alio.) Hillsdale Dorr, Joseph P., (alio.) Hillsdale Mercer, Wm. D., (alio.) Harlemville. . Hillsdale WESTLAKE, HORACE G., (alio.). .. Hillsdale BENHAM, JOHN C, (allo.i 121 War- ren Hartson BOSWIOK, E. W. Dr., ns Warren Hudson Calkins, T. T., 272 Warren, house 18 NorthFifth Hudson Coot, A. P. & C. P., Ill Warren... Hudson DROWNS, H. W., M. D., 64 Warren.. ., Hndson Holeapple, Wiij. M., (alio.) Public Square Hudson LiviuKston, Wm.. 146 Warren Hudhon PITCHER, WM. H., 180 Warren.. .Hudson SMITH, CORNELL, (magnetic,) 265 Warren Hudson Smith, H. Lyle, (14 Warren Hudson THOMPSON, JOSEPH P., 108 Dia- mond Hndson Wardle, John K., 1 Warren corner Front Hndson 'WATERS, H. A. Mbs., (clairvoyant,) 150 State Hndson Wheeler, John P.. 141 Warren Hudson Whitbeck, A. McK., Howard Building. Warren Hudson Whitbeck, Volkert, (alio.) 220 Warren. Hudson Benson, Geo. E.. Valatie Kinderhook Boyce, Elias B.. Valatie Kinderhook Collier, Philip B., Valatie Kinderhook Green, James '. Kinderhook HORTON, H. B Kinderhook Masten,C. H., Valatie Kinderhook Pruyn, I.ucas Kinderhook Pruyn, Peter V. S Kinderhook Horton, Jacob Livingston WEEKS. BENEDICT A Livingston Bates, Joseph, (alio.,) Lebanon Sprines New Lebanon Bates, X. T., (alio.) New Lebanon Salmon, Geo. P., (alio.,) New Lebanon Center New Lebanon WRIGHT, H. B.. (retired). .New Lebanon SCHEEMERHORN, ISAAC M., (alio.,) Stottville Stockport FERGUSON, ABRAM V., (allo.,)Stuy- vesant Falls Stuyvesant Rusk, Nelson, (alio.,) retired.. .Stuyvesant SALMON, HENRY B., (alio.,) Stuyves- ant Falls Stuyvesant VAN SLYKE, A. W., (alio.,).. .Stuyvesant Floughton, Geo., (root,) Tagbkanick Mesick, N. H., (alio.,) West Taghka- „i;j?k Tagbkanick SHUFELT, P. W.,(allo.,) ....Tagbkanick .Picture Frames. (See Looking Glasses and Picture Frames.) ' Plaster mills. (See Lime, Plaster and Cement.) Pleasure Boats. Winslow, C. S., North Chatham . . .Chatham TOMPKINS, MILTON M., Chatham Village Chatham EXCELSIOR PAPER MILL, George Tobias, prop. , Philmont Claverack Fritts, L. M. & Co., (straw wrapping,) Philmont Claverack Philmont Paper Mill, Harper W. Rog. ers, prop Claverack SMITH, WM., (straw wrapping,) Mel- lenville Claverack MOWER, JOHNS Ghent Niles, Wm. C, (straw) Ghent Abbott, A., Valatie Kinderhook BINGHAM, CHAS. E., (straw wrap- ping,) Germantown Livingston Eureka Straw Wrapping Paper Mills, Henry S. Van De Carr, prop. . 'Stockport GRANGER, A. M., (manilla)... Stockport Rossman, Jacob W., (straw, wrapping). Stockport Passcnsrer Agents. (See Agents, Passenger.) Pateut Agents. (See Agents, Patent.) Patent Medicines. (See also Druggists, also Medicinal Prepara- rations.) CARPENTER. O. L. & CO., Canaan Four Corners Canaan »HOUGHTALING, ISAAC, corner Warren and Public Square Hudson NIVER,MICHAEL,Niverville.Kinderhook Fliotograpbers, AlliB,J. R , East Chatham Chatham *CANPIELD, JAMES EDGAR, 324 Warren Hudson FORSHEW, FRANK, 341 Warren. Hudson Heath, A. B., Valatie iKinderhook Pliyslclans and Surgeons. NIVER, JAMES D Ancram ROSSMAN, GEO. W Ancram WARREN, DWIGHT, Spencertown BATISS, MILFORD L., Canaan Center Canaan Gild, Lorenzo, Canaan Four Corners. . . Canaan GUFFIN, ANDREW J., Canaan Four Corners Canaan SEGER, CHAS. E., Canaan Four Cor- ners. Canaan BAILEY, WM. C, Chatham Village .... Chatham Coffin, 8. N., (allo.,)Ea6t Chatham. Chatham JONES, H. D., Bast Chatham. ..Chatham Maxon, Frank, Chatham Village. .Chatham Morey, Robert H., (alio.,) Chatham Peck, O. J.. North Chatham . . Chatham Vedder, R. H., (alio.,) Chatham Center ' Chatham Cole, John H Claverack LOCKWOOD, JORDAN W., Philmont ^ Claverack MESICK, RICHARD H., Mellenville.. Claverack PHILIP, JAMES F Claverack VAN DEUSEN, ABRAM R Claverack PLATNBR, RENSSELAER Clermont REYNOLDS, JOHN D Copake Robison, John, (alio.,) Copake SWAIN, W. D Copake CLAPPER, JORDAN, Niverville Kinderhook Polisb inannf. {for Metals.) NIVER, MICHAEL,NiverTiIle.Kinaerliook Fork Packers. Van Deuaen, S. & Co., Chatham Village , Chatham Van Deusen, S. & C. A., west Bide Pub- lic Square Hudson Printing Offices. •CHATHAM COURIER, Canfield & Woolhiger, piopB., Chatham Village. Chatham ♦COLUMBIA REPUBLICAN, (week- ly,) Bryan & Webb, publibhers, 100 Warren Hudson ♦HUDSON DAILY REGISTER AND WEEKLY GAZETTE, M. Parker Williams,' editor. Central Square, Hudson ♦HUDSON STAR, (diiily and weekly,) Alex. N. Wrbb, publisher, 321 War- ren Hudson STODDARD, WM. B., 131 Warren, up stairs Hudson ♦COLUMBIA CO. ADVERTISER, Wm. B. Howland, editor and prop. Kinderhook Produce Dealers. (See also Bay and Straw, and Salt Dealerg.) ROCKEFELLER, P. HENRY. Germantown TRACY, A. M Ghent FULLER, ORSON Hillsdale RIVENBURGH, JACOB M., 12 Warren Hudson Snyder, Wm. B., H. R. R. R.depot.Hndeon Strain, David, Niverville Kinderhook Pinch, O., West Lebanon New Lebanon Pump and Block Makers. HEHRICK & HOES, Maiden Bridge : Cbatham Bradley, Geo. W., 9 Partition Hudson Real Estate, (fi'ee Agents, Heal Estate.) Saloons and Restaurants. LAMPMAN & BURCH, Boston Corner Ancram Blake.F. & H., (dining saloon,) B. & A. R. E. Depot Chatham Village.. Chatham Qilber, Geo., Chatham Village.... Chatham Kain, M., Chatham Village Chatham Mealey, Mark, Chatham Village.. Chatham Mickle, Simeon, Rider's Mills .... Chatham REESE D. L., Chatham Village.. Chatham Rogers, J. J., Chatham Village. . .Chatham Sweeney, M., Chatham Village .... Chatham Tripp & Cramp, (oysters,) Chatham Vil- lage Chatham ♦TYLER, FRANKLIN W., (bowling,) Chatham Village Chatham VAN ALEN, ABRAM, Chatham Vil- lage Chatham Barnett, Jacob,Copake Ironworks. Copake Qurney & Decker Copake Van De Bogart, Wesley Copake HALLBNB^CK, EDWARD L., Cate- klU Station ^^J?.?,"?"?' Zeh,Levl.; ™ ••■•.-•••^"'?*'® Barton, Thos., 86 South Front. . . .Hudson BRAYMAN, W. H., 843 Warren.. .Hudson BROWN, JOHN, 125 Warren Hudson Bugel, F. D., south side Public Square, Hudson City Restaurant, O. K. Fox, prop., 119 Warren Hudson Coady, John C, 13 North Front.... Hudson Coady, Tobias, 3 South Front Hudson Condon, P., 14 South Front Hudson COONS, S. E., 290 Warren Hudson Daley, A., Franklin Square Hudson Farry, John, 171 Warren Hudson Fingarr, Chae., 243 Warren Hudson Gallighan, James, 12 North Front.. Hudson Grctat, A. H., (bowling,) 90 and 92 Union Hudson Groat, A. R.l119 Warren Hudson Hallenbeck, Harvey, 95 Warren . . .Hudson HART, LOUIS S., Public Square.. Hudson HURRICK, BANIEI., 334 War- ren Hudson Herrick tf Warren.... Hudson KEEN AN, JOHN Kinderhook PATTERSON, GEO. C Kinderhook Pnrcell, Michael, Valatie Kinderhook Sullivan, John New Lebanon Bdgley, Isaac Stockport Wadsworth, Robert Stockport Maurinus, E. L Stuyresant 330 SALT DEALBES— TEA STORES. 5? Salt Dealers, {See also Bay and Straw, and Produce Dealers.) VANBUREN, JOHN, Chatham Villase Chatham CLARK & HAVILAND, (wholesale and retail,) Water corner Ferry. .Hudson Sash Mannfacturers. {.See Door, sash and Blind Manufacturers.) Satinet Warp Mills. Abbott & Co., Valatie Kinderhook SaTT Fliers. Ray, Alex., Franklin Square Hudson Mantle, John, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Saw mills. (i War- ren Hudson Smith, J. A., (Atlantic and Paclflc,) 173 Warren Hudson Smith, Mattie L., (Western Union,) De- pot Hadson LATHEOP, JAMES,(A. & P.,).Klnderhook MILLER, WILSON, Valatle. . . Klnderhook Wendell, Julia, Niverville Klnderhook Thompson, W. E., (W. U.,)..New Lebanon CAHE, ALFKED W., (Vf. U.,) Cox- sackle, Greene Co Stnyvesant CLAPP, EODOLPHUS, (W. U.,j StnyTesant Thermometer mannn. •KENDALL, JOHN & CO... New Lebanon XIaamlths. ^See Hardware, Stoves and Tinware.) Tobacco and Cigar*. JoBt, Joseph, Chatham Village.. .Chatham Mondsohlne, S., Chatham Villafie. Chatham •HERBS, F. & M., 338 Warren Hudson Kanstedt, Charles, 815 Warren. ...Hudson Kirlland, Wm. B.,3 South First.... Hudson MACY, F. A. & Q. H., SOB Warren.Hudson Mellen, C.M.,75>f Warren Hudson Mesick, Wm. H. , 355 Warren Hudson •ROSENTHAL, ISAAC, IBS Warren Hudson Roberts, J . H. , Valatle Klnderhook VAN DERBOGART, ABRAM, Valatie Klnderhook Be'echer," DaTid A Stockport Bamer, Wm Stnyvesant Toir manafactiirera. BARRINGEE, JOHN 3., Glenco Mills Livingston Toys. (See Confectionery and Toys.) Trunk*. (See ffamen and Trunks.) Tnrner*. (See Wood Turners.) Undertaker*. Mather, Hiram B., Spencertown.Austerlltz •CARPENTER & FLINT, East Chat- ham Chatham •DENEGAR & LASHBE, near Luth- eran Chnrch Germantown Keller, John H HUlsdala Wagoner, Alanson, 286 Warren. . ..Hudson •BIBCKMAYBE, PHIUP .. .Kinderhook Mitchell, W. J., Valatie Klnderhook Fatton, James, Valatle Klnderhook Upliolaterer*. (See alto Fumiturt Dealers.) Zieeenitz, Chas., comer Seventh and Long Alley Hudson Veterinary Sargeons. BROWN, JAMES E. & SON Chatham Edwards, Thos. , Craryvllle Copake EOWE, HIRAM, Gallatlnvllle Gallatin SITCER, PETER H., Valatle. .Kinderhook Vinegar IHanafactarers. (See Cider and Vinegar Manufacturers.) Wadding jnuis. PLATT & SMITH, Chatham Village Chatham Eathbone, Wm. P., Valatle.. ..Klnderhook Waslilng niacblnes. Potts, Josiah Germantown IVatctaes and Jeivelry. Starks, Joseph B. , Eed Rock Canaan Burrows, T. H,, Chatham Village. Chatham Hoag, Thos. J Chatham Wright, E., Chatham Village Chatham BACH, JEAN, 209 Warren Hudson BUTLER, CHAS. E., 337 Warren .. Hudson HANNAH & JONES, 293 Warren. .Hudson Parkman, Henry D., 104 Warren. . .Hudson Spencer, Edmund, 285 Warren Hudson Stevens, H. G., 284 Warren Hudson Thaller, F.,ea8t side Public Square. Hudson Warring, Geo. , 257 Warren Hudson Wheeler, R., 297 Warren Hudson KIP, WM Kinderhook Kosegarten, Frederick, Valatle.Kluderhook Merwin, S., Valatie Kinderhook KENDALL, EDWIN, Lebanon Springs New Lebanon •MALLISON, H. E., Lebanon Springs New Lebanon Water Drawers. (See also Pump and Block Makers.) Potts, Josiah Germantown IFood, Dealers. (See Coal and Wood Dealers.) Wood Turners. Ford, Wm. O., Flat Brook Canaan Griswold, Norman F., Chatham Village Chatham QEISWOLD, STEPHEN N., Chatham Village Chatham STONE, SILAS, S92 Warren Hudson HAM, PETER P., Glenco Mills or box 140, Hudson iTaghkanlck IVooden Ware Dealers. (Set alto General Merchants, and Orocers. Snyder, John, (wholesale,) Valatie Kinderhook Wool Dealers. GAUL, JOHN C, Spencertowu..AuBterlitz •ANABLE, HENRY, 34 South Front Hudson Smith, Isaac Stockport Smith, John Stockport Wool Fullers. Smith, Jacob Stockport Woolen mils. COLUMBIA WOOLEN FACTORY, A. W. Van Hoesen, prop., Stnyvesant 'Fells Stnyvesant 333 CENaVS REPORT. POPULATION OF COLUMBIA COUNTY. Census Returns for 1870, 1865 the Increase and Decrease in and 1860, showing the last decade. TOWNS. 1870. 1865, 1860. Increase Decrease Rate per cent, in- crease or decrease. Ancram Austerlitz — Canaan Chatham .... Claverack . . . . Clermont. . . . Copake Gallatin German town. Ghent Greenport, . . Hillsdale Hudson 1st Ward.. 2d Ward.. 3d Ward.. 4th Ward.. 1793 1442 1877 4376 3671 1021 1847 1416 1393 2886 1325 2083 1679 2407 1856 2673 Total Hudson. 8615 1651 1443 2000 4285 8353 943 1738 1392 1278 2661 1130 2142 1609 2078 1828 2316 '7831 1720 1889 2197 4163 3477 968 1839 1533 1853 2803 1431 2552 1542 1841 1694 2110 78 213 194 53 40 88 137 566 ■ 162 563 447 320 117 106 469 4 + * 24— 15— 5 + 6— 5 + .4 + 8— 3— 3— 7 + 19 + 9— 31— 10-^ 27— 7187 1428 20- Kinderhook. . . Livingston . . . New Lebanon . Stockport Stuyvesant. . . Taghkanick... 4055 1938 2124 1438 2263 1485 4008 1904 2086 1355 2234 1472 4331 2014 2187 1445 2866 1717 276 76 68 7 103 232 6 + 3 + 3— .5— 4 + 14— Total 47048 44905 47172 2092 2216 .3— *A8 it is not convenient to give tl^e decimal expressing the exact rate per cent, when the remaining fraction is less .than one-half, we have made use of the + sign to indicate that the true rate per cent, is greater than that expressed, and when the remaining fraction is greater than one-half, one has been added to the integer, and the — sign used to indicate that the true rate per cent, is less than the number by which it is expressed. CENSUS BEPOBT. 333 AGRICULTURAL— FROM CENSUS OF 1865. TOWNS. ^%'i El's 1^1 T3 1 a' to Sis ■S.S „g •D m it. Ill s Pi o »- g IH as- d O a 1100 300 3000 116 2600 1426 13 1 OuS O O a -a If p. Is Or3 Eg a , II Ancvairt | 3'il AuHteiiitz 1 Canaan Chatham ■ 15 Claverack 83 Clermont | 30 Copake Gallatin Germautown...' 10 Ghent 73 Greenport. ...: Hillsdale 160 Hudson Kinderhook. . . i 6a