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 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME 
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 THE GIFT OF 
 
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 1891 
 
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 5474 
 

 
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THE QOCCIDJ] OF KANSAS. 
 
 J 
 
 A Series of Articles Dealing with 
 Coccidae found in Kansas, 
 their Host Plants, and 
 Bibliography. 
 
 S? J? HUNTER. * 
 
 AssOOIATK PnOPESSOR IN THE llNIVERRITT OF KaNSAH. 
 
 
 WITH TWENTY PliATES, COMPOSED OP 
 SEVENTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
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 3 /- 
 
 /: l( 
 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In preparing the series of articles which follow, the author has had 
 in mind the needs of the student l)eginning a systematic study of the 
 indigenous representatives of the Coccidie. Accordingly, to facilitate 
 their use, these papers are now brought together under one cover, and 
 are preceded by a brief introduction. For reference and explanation 
 of terms, an index and glossary are added. Since the purpose of this 
 work has been to treat of species occurring in a state of nature in 
 this latitude, but little attention has been given to those fonns dwell- 
 ing in greenhouses. 
 
 In the study of this group, the student is urged to give special 
 thought and care to technique of the microscopical pi’eparations. 
 Obviously, well-prepared mounts are essential to ]U'oper anatomi- 
 cal studies. The student should not bo satisfied with simple deter- 
 minations of species, but should eoutinue the study of the individual 
 representatives of each species, brought together in many cases from 
 dift'erent localities and on different hosts, in order to comprehend the 
 variations and gradations existing within the species. 
 
INTEODUCTION. 
 
 Origin of word. Gr. Kokkos, berry; specifically, the berry that grows upon 
 the scarlet tree. 
 
 Distinguishing Characteristics. The Coccid®, or scale insects, belong to the 
 suborder Homoptera of the order Hemiptera. The Heiniptera are distinguished 
 from insects of other orders by the presence of sucking mouth-parts, and an 
 incomplete metamorphosis. Many of the Hemiptera possess four wings. The 
 Coccid®, anomalous as they are, conform strictly to none of these requirements. 
 The males have two transparent wings, and are without mouth or food-taking 
 apparatus. The natural position of the mouth is occupied by a pair of supple- 
 mentary eyes. Instead of a second pair of wings there exists on each side of 
 the metathorax a small hooked appendage.' These, in some species, serve as hooks 
 to attach or control the true wings. The males pass through a complete meta- 
 morphosis. 
 
 The female. The males and females are similar in form and structure when 
 hatched. (See Plate V, fig. 23, and Plate XVI, fig. 3.) These mite-like creatures 
 differentiate during growth and development. The females pass through an in- 
 complete metamorphosis, in most eases losing the power of locomotion and becom- 
 ing stationary bodies engaged in taking nourishment from plant tissues, and in 
 reproduction. The life histories and habits, on account of the great variation, can 
 be best discussed under the subfamilies. 
 
 Scale insects differ from closely related forms in the following particulars: 
 
 The legs in both sexes terminate in a single claw. 
 
 The females are wingless. 
 
 The adult males, with the exception of two or three species, possess one pair 
 of transparent wings on mesothorax. Each wing is strengthened and controlled 
 by a hooked appendage from the metathorax. The mouth or apparatus for taking 
 food is wanting in the adult males, which are usually, instead, furnished with 
 supplementary eyes. 
 
 Products of the Coccidae. While this family of plant parasites are hostile to 
 the welfare of plant-life, they nevertheless give off some products of mercantile 
 worth. 
 
 Several species of Kermes formerly afforded a red dye used by the Greeks and 
 Romans. These insects dwell upon Quercus coceifera in the Mediterranean region. 
 A medicinal syrup is also obtained from them. Several Coccid® produce waxy 
 matters. Ceroplastes ceriferus, one of the Lecaniin® of India, produces white wax. 
 The white wax of China is said to be produced by another Lecaniid, Erieerus pela. 
 Little is known concerning this insect. It is understood that the wax is produced 
 by the winged males. This wax was formerly much prized in China, but since 
 the introduction of kerosene is falling into disuse. Lac is produced by Carteria 
 lacea, still another Lecaniid in India, living on Anona, Ficus, Rhamnus, and 
 other hosts. This lac is the shelly scale which the insect produces for covering. 
 It is composed chiefly of resinous matter, with which there is mixed small 
 quantity of wax, and some other substances. This insect’s body yields the red 
 substance called lake. 
 
 (V) 
 
vi 
 
 Tlie Eiiro])enii scale insects used for dyes were replaced after the discovery of 
 America by the cochineal insects: Coccus cacti, of Mexico. This insect feeds on 
 a cactus called Nopal [Opunfia coccineUifcra) . Later this insect was intioduced 
 into the Old World, and was established in a few places along the Mediterranean 
 sea. In the Canary Islands it thrived so well on several species of cactus as to 
 become an object of extensive commerce. The body tissues of these insects con- 
 tained the colors from which the dyes were made. Aniline dyes have largely dis- 
 placed coceid dyes. Axin, an external medicinal applicant, used also as a varnish, 
 comes from the Mexican Coccid. Llaveia axinus. This seems to be a substance 
 containing a peculiar acid, axinic acid. The so-called ground pearls are the 
 encysted pupie of Coecids belonging to the genus Margarodes. These chitinous 
 cysts, in the island of St. Vincent, are of sullieicnt size to be collected and strung 
 for necklaces. 
 
 Coccus (now Gossyparia) mannifera is a scale dwelling upon Tamarix in the 
 Mediterranean basin. This scale exudes a honey-dew resembling honey. The 
 Arabs use this honey-like substance for food, and call it “ Man.” It is supposed 
 that this honey-dew or “ man ” is the real manna of the Israelites. 
 
 Collection. The necessary materials for a collecting trip are: a staff witli 
 crook handle, cigar-bo.x, package of envelopes, hand-lens, notebook, and strong 
 sharp knife. The staff is used to draw down high overhanging limbs of trees. 
 The cigar-box swung over the shoulder by a strap serves as a receptacle for en- 
 velopes inclosing specimens. The hand-lens is for preliminary examination of 
 the specimens. The notebook is to record data upon the specimens contained in 
 consecutively numbered envelopes. The numbers in the notebook should of course 
 correspond to the envelope containing specimens. 
 
 The notes should include date of collection, food plant (and here great care 
 should be e.xercised to secure accuracy; a handy pocket edition of Gray’s Field 
 Botany is an almost indispensable companion), relative numbers present upon 
 the host plant, and color of the scales. When the scales are on the trunk of the 
 tree, the bark holding the in.seets can be removed. In case of twigs it will be 
 more convenient to cut off the twig. When the laboratory is reached it will be 
 found convenient to split out the center wood of the larger twigs. These twigs 
 bearing specimens are ultimately to be ])laccd in cork-stoppered, flat-bottomed 
 test tubes (cork-stoppered bottles will do). Adapt the length of the wood then 
 to the length of the test tubes. The twigs, hark, or leaves bearing scales are now 
 ready to be ])laced in small pasteboard bo.xes. An assortment of prescription 
 boxes I find indispensable. Empty s])Ool-boxes will serve the purpose. The in- 
 fested bark is to be left here until dry. If inclosed in the tubes before the sap 
 is thoroughly dried out they will mould and materially damage the specimen 
 thereon. While scales can be found in this latitude at any season of the year, 
 the fall and early winter months are the best on account of the absence of leaves, 
 and the presence of such forms as the adult Lccaniums, which die and fall off or 
 are removed by sleets in the early spring months. Spring collecting should not 
 be neglected, however, for this is the time when the males and nymphs can be 
 most readily observed. At all times guard against the unnecessary removal of 
 scales from their natural position on the cuticle of the host plant. The unskilled 
 eye is sometimes deceived. Fungi and scars on the bark made by insects for the 
 deposition of eggs, are mistaken for scale insects. Scale insects, not including 
 gall, can be readily separated from the cuticle of the host plant without leaving 
 an abrasion of the cuticle. 
 
 Preparation for study. Under the various divisions, preparation of specimens 
 
vu 
 
 for microscopical study will be discussed. Since the distinguishing character- 
 istics rest chiefly with microscopical structure, great care and close attention 
 should he given to technique. 
 
 Terms used in discussion. In addition to the glossary found at the back 
 accompanying the index, a brief preliminary discussion of terms may tend toward 
 a better understanding for the beginner. 
 
 Scale has reference to the covering of the insects belonging to the 
 Diaspinse. In removing an insect of this family from its host, it will be 
 observed that a scale or covering comes off apart from the body of the insect, 
 and that beneath the insect there is frequently a thin whitish layer. This is the 
 under part of the puparium and is known as the ventral scale. The part covering 
 the insect is designated as the dorsal scale. In this work the term scale is some- 
 times used unqualified. In such cases it refers to the dorsal scale. In the 
 Diaspina; the last abdominal segment, frequently called the pygidium, bears the 
 stable distinguishing characteristics. The lobes, plates, spines, circumgenital and 
 dorsal glands are illustrated in the accompanying diagrammatic figure (fig. a), 
 showing their relative positions in the genus Chionaspis. I’pon these rest the 
 
 h ' 
 
 Fig. a. 
 
 Diagrammatic plan of pygldlnm of Dlo'^pina), typical of the genua Ghlonaspla. A. median apace, 
 jB, C, D, K. y’, first, second, third, fourth, and baaal spaces respectively. At the base of A la the circu- 
 lar anal opening ; the transverse line jnat below Is the genital opening. Grouped glaiida (spinnerets) 
 In D are the median, In C the anterio-laterul, In D the poaterlo-iateral. — all on the ventral surface, 
 o, 6, o, d, c, etc., are simple plates; in many of the Diaspina* these are toothed. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, etc., are 
 spines on the dorsal surface. The dttrsal pores are arranged in rows In D, K, and F. The median 
 lobes are at the candal extremities of B. the notched or cleft second lobes are at the caudal extremi- 
 ties of C, the third pair of lobes are similarly located and ntttched In D. 
 
 chai'iictcrist ics which tiic to bo most depended upon in the study of differentiation. 
 The scale itself is an unstable character in the Diaspina*. In the Decaniinie, as will 
 be seen, the ehitinous covering is more constant. The relative values in tlilVereu- 
 tiation of these various structures are discussed under the species enumerated. 
 
 Clnssifirulion. The separation into subfamilies of the family Coeeida* differs 
 with different authorities. Signoret arranges the genera and species under four 
 divisions. (Jreen groups them under ten subfamilies, and Cockerell under eleven. 
 It is not within the province of this article to enter info the merits of the various 
 systems, but simply to refer to those subf .milies under which the species herein- 
 
Vlll 
 
 after discussed come. Tlie only question which might arise would be the disposi- 
 tion of the forms placed under the Coecina;. an unsatisfactory group at best as 
 now arranged. 
 
 TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 A. Caudal portion of abdomen of female terminating in chitinized compound seg- 
 ment, the pygidium. Anal orifice without setiferous ring. 
 
 1. Adult female without limbs. Insects possessing distinct scale covering 
 composed of exuviie and secretions. Diaspime. 
 
 AA. Pygidium wanting in the female. Female insects naked, or covered with 
 shields of waxy, chitinous or cottony secretions. 
 
 B. Setiferous ring around anal orifice. 
 
 1. Caudal extremity cleft; a pair of triangular hinged plates extends over 
 
 anal orifice; triangular plates often setiferous. Limbs in adult fe- 
 male generally functionless. Body of female naked. Lecaniinse. 
 
 2. Caudal extremity not cleft. Limbs functional throughout life. Body 
 
 of female protected by cottony secretion, sometimes arranged in tufts. 
 
 Ortheziina!. 
 
 BB. Setiferous anal ring wanting. 
 
 1. Abdomen of female terminating, in all stages, in prominent processes. 
 
 Body of female shielded by cottony, or felted secretion. Coccinae. 
 
 2. Abdomen of larval stage, only, terminating in marked prominences. 
 
 Females naked or shielded by waxy secretion. Hemicoccinoe. 
 
 DIASPINAE. 
 
 The subfamily, Diaspinae, the armored scales, have a separate protecting scale, 
 covering the body and composed partly of the exuviae and partly of secreted 
 matter. The female scale is approximately circular; the male scales arc generally 
 elongate. The life history of the genus Aspidiotus will illustrate in general the 
 life cycle of this group. , 
 
 The members of this genus in this latitude spend the winter as almost fully 
 developed insects. With the warmth of spring, about the first of May, maturity is 
 attained, the males emerge from under their elongate scales and seek their mates. 
 The eggs, in the oviparious species, are deposited beneath the scale of the female, 
 to remain there until hatched. The most notable viviparious species is the 
 San Jos6 scale. The oblong larva; have six well-developed legs and a pair of 
 feelers or antennee. The sexes, at this stage, are similar. The larva; (Plate V, 
 fig. 23) creep about in quest of suitable places to locate upon the host plant. They 
 insert their long, filamentary sucking-tubes into the tissues of the plant. In the 
 positions chosen the females remain for life, since they early shed their larval skin, 
 and with the skins, the feet, antenna', and eyes. Even before this a waxy secre- 
 tion appears upon the back. At this first moult the larval skin splits around the 
 lateral margins, separating the dorsal and ventral halves of the insect; with the 
 ventral half go the sheaths of the antenna; and limbs. The insect grows rapidly, 
 and covers its increased size by wa.xy filamentary secretion, added around 
 the margin of the dorsal larval exuvia'. At the second and last moult the 
 skin splits as before. This covering now becomes more chitinous, and still 
 serves as piotcction for the insect. As the female increases somewhat in 
 size after this time, the additional covering necessary is provided for again 
 by marginal additions of the filamentary secretion from sjieeial dorsal organs 
 for that purpose. The male scale is generally more elongate, and under it the 
 male passes through complete nietamorphosis. While the scale shows but one 
 
IX 
 
 larval pellicle, several skins are shed, the later ones being pushed out from be- 
 neath the seale. The male comes forth a delicate two-winged insect with six legs, 
 without food-taking apparatus, and bearing two simple eyes in the usual position 
 for the mouth. 
 
 The life-history of but few of these scales has been carefully worked out. 
 This phase of the subject offers a fertile and profitable field for biological study. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 A. Scale of female circular, exuvise central or approaching the margin. 
 
 1. Scale of male oblong; color and texture similar to that of female; 
 
 exuviae centrally located, sometimes noticeably nearer one of the 
 extremities. Aspidiotus. 
 
 2. Seale of male elongated ; exuvia? at one extremity. 
 
 (a) Male seale white and earinated. Diaspis. 
 
 B. Scale of female elongated; exuvia; terminal. 
 
 1. Scale of male white, shorter and narrower than female scale. In 
 
 pygidium five groups of circumgenital glands present. Chionaspis. 
 
 2. Scale of male similar in form and texture to that of female. Mytilaspis. 
 
 3. Scale of female shows distinctly two moulted skins. Scale of male nar- 
 
 row, elongate; scale of female sometimes oval. Parlatoria. 
 
 TABLE FOB DETERMINATION OF SPECIES. 
 
 Aspidiotus. 
 
 A. Female pygidium with three pairs of lobes. 
 
 B. Third lobe much reduced or only a pointed prominence. 
 
 C. Size of scale 1% to 2 mm.; scale somewhat convex. fernaldi. 
 
 CC. Size of scale 2% mm.; scale flat. juglans reyiae. 
 
 BB. Third lobe about same size as second lobe. 
 
 C. Three pairs of incisions (see Plate VI, fig. 25), with distinct chitinous 
 processes and 5 groups of spinnerets; plates simple and inconspicuous; 
 exuvia; black under, yellowish brown covering. obsciirus. 
 
 CC. No incisions or chitinous processes; 4 groups of spinnerets; plates con- 
 spicuous and toothed; exuvia; covered with thin yellow film. 
 
 hederae nerii. 
 
 AA. Female pygidium with less than 3 lobes. 
 
 B. Female pygidium with third pair of lobes wanting. 
 
 C. Spinnerets present, median lobes converging at the tip; chitinous pro- 
 cesses unequal, inner one larger (see Plate I, fig. 1) ; scales arranged 
 in clusters; exuviae of male seale yellowish ivhcn rubbed. forbesi. 
 
 CC. Spinnerets wanting; median lobes but slightly converging at the tip; 
 chitinous processes equal (see Plate V, fig. 19) ; exuvia; of male scale 
 black when rubbed. pernieiousus. 
 
 BB. Female pygidium with 2d and 3d pairs of lobes wanting or rudimentary. 
 
 C. Spinnerets present. 
 
 D. Four groups of spinnerets. 
 
 E. Scale light in color; exuvia; naked, pale straw color; plates toothed. 
 
 greenii. 
 
 EE. Scale dirty gray; e.xuviie orange-colored, covered with gray; plates 
 simple. osborni. 
 
 DD. Five groups of spinnerets. 
 
 E. Exuvia; orange-colored; scale dark gray. 
 
X 
 
 F. Scales scattered; size of scale, 1.5 to 3 mm. aesculi. 
 
 FF. Scales arranged in clusters, meeting on cephalic margins; size of 
 scale, 1.4 X 1.3 mm. ancylus. 
 
 EE. Exuvia; yellow, covered with white; scales light yellowish brown. 
 
 uvae. 
 
 CC. Spinnerets wanting; scale convex; exuvia: orange yellow, covered with 
 white. 
 
 Chionaspis. 
 
 A. Inner margin of median lobes widely separated. 
 
 B. Median lobes parallel, separated by one-third width of lobes. pinifoUac. 
 BB. Median lobes diverging from base. 
 
 C. Posterior group of 2d row of dorsal glands absent; minute circular glands 
 absent (see Plate XV, fig. 1) ; male scale not carinated. platani. 
 
 CC. Posterior group of 2d row of dorsal glands present; minute circular 
 glands present; male scale tricarinated. (Plate XIV, fig. 1.) 
 
 salicis nigra e. 
 
 AA. Inner margins of median lobes close together. 
 
 B. Inner margins of median lobes fused; 2d row of dorsal glands absent; scale 
 broadly convex. americana. 
 
 BB. Inner margins of median lobes separated, but almost contiguous. 
 
 C. 2d row of dorsal glands absent; scale flat or slightly convex; male scale 
 tricarinate. furfura. 
 
 CC. Only anterior group of 2d row of dorsal plants present; scale quite con- 
 vex; male scale not carinated. ortholohis. 
 
 LECANIINAE. 
 
 Under this subfamily there are two genera represented, Uecanium and Pulvinaria. 
 In both the female is naked. In the former the eggs remain under the body of 
 the female, while in the latter a cottony ovisac extends posteriorly from under the 
 body of the scale. The larvse of both sexes in this subfamily have a pair of large 
 anal lobes. (See Plate XVI, fig. 3.) At this stage they possess well-developed 
 legs, and are active. Later, when these young scales have settled down, these legs 
 and the antenna: become functionless, and may be observed in the bleached body 
 or test of the adult insect. Further details are brought out in the discussion of 
 the characteristics of the various species. 
 
 Leeanium . 
 
 A. Scale with 2 prominent tubercles. cockerelU. 
 
 AA. Scale without tubercles. 
 
 B. Seale dark brown or black. 
 
 C. Antenna six-jointed. kansasense. 
 
 CC. Antenna 7- or 8-jointed. 
 
 D. Scale with ridges forming H, small ridges extending half-way up from 
 margin; 2 tarsal digitules. oleac. 
 
 DD. Scale without ridges forming H, caudal part of body plicate; only one 
 tarsal digitule. canadense. 
 
 BB. Scale light brown or yellowish brown. 
 
 C. Scale low or nearly flat. 
 
 D. Seale low, convex, pitted around fusiform median surface and on sides of 
 scale, sides in folds and depressions; caudal margin plicate. 
 
 aurantiacum. 
 
XI 
 
 DD. Seale nearly flat, few punctures, pits or folds; caudal margin not 
 plicate. hesperidum. 
 
 CC. Seale liighly convex. 
 
 D. Scale measurement: length 2% to 3%, lat. 1% to 2 'A, alt. 1 to 1%; 
 
 found on tropical food plants. coffcae. 
 
 DD. Scale measurement: length 4, lat. 3, alt. 2.5 mm.; native of tem- 
 
 perate zone. 
 
 LIST OF 
 
 Diaspinac. 
 
 Aspidiotus forbesi. 
 
 ancylus. 
 uva;. 
 
 Osborni. 
 ulmi. 
 
 fernaldi-alhi venter, 
 obscurus. 
 juglans-regice. 
 pcrniciosus. 
 greenii. 
 hederae-nerii. 
 a:sculi-solus. 
 
 Mytilaspis pomoruin. 
 
 Diaspis snowii. 
 
 Chionaspis ortholobis. 
 
 salicis-nigra;. 
 amerieana. 
 platani. 
 pinifolire. 
 furfura. 
 
 Parlatoria pergandei. 
 
 armeniacum. 
 
 Sl’ECIES. 
 
 Lecaniinae. 
 
 Leeanium aurantiacum. 
 canadense. 
 kansasense. 
 coekerelli. 
 armeniacum. 
 hesperidum. 
 coffea;. 
 olese. 
 
 Pulvinaria innumerabilis. 
 pruni. 
 
 Coccinae. 
 
 fiecaniodiaspis parrotti. 
 
 celtidis-pruinosus. 
 
 Hemieoccinae. 
 
 Kermes pubescens. 
 nivalis. 
 
 Orthcziinac. 
 
 Orthezia graminis. 
 
} 
 
 i 
 
 
 ; • 
 
 V- 
 
 
 r- 
 
The Cocckhe of Kansas. 
 
 Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory. No. 6^. 
 
 Author'' s Edition, pubiishcd December //, i8g8. 
 
 liY S. J. HUNTER. 
 
 with IMiktes [ to VII. 
 
 The Homopteran family, Coccida?, in many respects anomalous 
 and in others similar, is unique in the diversities of the se.xes and the 
 modes of distribution. Sex and genus necessarily present differ- 
 ences. The variations existing within a single species, and grada- 
 tions between species, however, have proven of peculiar interest. 
 It is with these specific differences in view that the studies upon 
 this group have been prosecuted. It is believed that from a large 
 series of discriminations interesting deductions might be made. 
 
 The manner of preparation and method of study of this group 
 have occupied some time. 1 will endeavor’ to give brielly an out- 
 line of my observations and experiments upon the techniipie of the 
 genera mentioned in this paper. The first work was done with the 
 usual bleaching reagent, a strong solution of potassium hydrate, 
 washed in water, transferred to fifty per cent alcohol, then to ninety- 
 five per cent alcohol and from here to a clearing mixture composed 
 of two parts by measure of carbolic acid crj’stals and three parts of 
 rectified oil of turpentine, taken from this to slide and mounted in 
 xylol-balsam. The difficulties found in this process were: dan- 
 gers of boiling too much or of not boiling enougb, specimens had 
 to be removed while the liquid was warm else a deposit would col- 
 lect upon them and render them useless, material was generally 
 more or less macerated and frequently the plates were not retained 
 throughout the process. 
 
2 
 
 hunter: the C0CCII)/E OE KANSAS. 
 
 Another means used was to soften the specimens in warm water 
 then transfer to fifty per cent alcohol, then to ninetj'-five per cent 
 alcohol, from here through the clearing mixture into balsam. This 
 I found better, in that it insured the retention of the plates present 
 but it had the objection of not rendering old and heavily chitinized 
 scales transparent. 
 
 For a new bleaching agent, chloral hydrate, saturated solution, 
 boiling specimens in this under cover for a few moments and also 
 by leaving in the fluid under cover for twelve to twenty-four hours. 
 The latter method leaving in for a day or less — gave the best re- 
 sults, rendered the specimens transparent and kept them reason- 
 ably firm. It did not appear to affect the plates and spines; did 
 not leave any undesirable substances upon the specimens. From 
 the chloral hydrate they were taken into the water and then through 
 the process previously described. 
 
 In experimenting with the action of xjdol upon the plates it was 
 found that it rendered them very brittle and left them undesirably 
 transparent, so that in some specimens mounted in xylol-balsam I 
 noticed a tendency to render the plates of the same refractive index 
 as the balsam. Glycerine as a mounting medium was tried, and 
 it was found that specimens could be more readily taken from a 
 chloral solution into glycerine than by any other method used. 
 The objection to the glycerine is, of course, that permanent mounts 
 require to be incased in cement. Glycerine jelly, I think, will 
 largely overcome this difficulty, and I expect to test it in my sub- 
 sequent work. 
 
 Having the mounts ready for study I found daylight not always 
 the most satisfactory light for revealing the points desired, so that 
 the light of the Welsbach burner passed through a liter balloon 
 flask, filled with a solution of copper sulphate, rendered the de- 
 sired clearness by the addition of ammonia (NHj), the test being 
 a white light thrown upon the reflector. This illuminating apparatus 
 is spoken of in liolanischcs Practictmi, Strasburger, ihgy, and Micro- 
 scope and Microscopical Accessories, Zeiss, No. 30, 1895. Mr. Mc- 
 Clung, of the department of Zoology, in his work tried the ad- 
 dition of a drop or two of saturated alcoholic solution of saffron to 
 the fluid in the flask. This I consider advantageous; enough be- 
 ing added to give the light a tinge of pink, which gives good con- 
 trasts with the yellow subject. 1 had endeavored to find a stain 
 that would hold in firmly chitinized specimens, but met with little 
 success. This pink light, showing the necessary contrast, as it 
 does, served the same purpose at a great saving of time and labor. 
 
^ TV t.- ?-; ■ VJr*';' jr^^w3r;;?r!>9^ 
 
 HUNTICR: IHF, COCCID-F of KANSAS. 3 
 
 The microscope used is the C. Zeiss, Jena, stand la, with complete 
 equipment. The objectives used on triple nose piece are low 
 power B, high power F, and oil immersion 1-12 inch, N. A. 1.22. 
 Though I have tried an Abbe camera lucida, I prefer to make the 
 sketches free hand. 
 
 Aspidiotus forbesi Johns. Plate I, Figs, i, 2, 3, 4, 5; Plate 11 , Figs. 6, 7. 
 
 The scales of male and female in this group, brought together 
 from widely separated localities, conform to the description. 
 
 Lots A, B, C, F and E show distinct tendency to congregate in 
 groups and then others mass upon these. Lot G, though on old 
 cherry trees, were few in number and only to be found upon one 
 or two spots in three adjacent cherry trees. Lot F was most 
 abundant upon the old bark of the trunk of the apple tree. Bark 
 of apple tree frequently pitted. Lots D and E appeared to be dis- 
 tributed more nearly over the bark. Of this group the following 
 numbers of mounts of each have been studied: eight, of A; ten, of 
 B; nine, of C; four, of G; ten, of I); seven, of E; four, of F; 
 making in all fifty-two individuals, these agree with “Plates in- 
 conspicuous or absent, spines prominent,” but differ uniformly 
 in number of spines. 
 
 There is in each lot, spine on median lobe agreeing with des- 
 cription, another spine appears extentiing over the margin from the 
 dorsal side, one beside the “second” and one beside the “third” 
 spine, making a pair of spines, one on the ventral and one on the 
 dorsal side, instead of one spine at “second” and “third.” This 
 was so in all cases and in this respect the}' agree with ancyelns. 
 The chitine at the incisions appears to be uniformly heavier than 
 shown in theoriginal sketch. Lot D presents the greatest variations, 
 as shown by sketches. Another form, which is very suggestive of 
 another species, appears on same branch among this lot D. More 
 material will be required before this j)oint can be satisfactorily de- 
 termined. The second lobe is notched, agreeing with Professor 
 Cockerefl’s observation, but the larger chitinous process between 
 first and second lobe is less twisted than shown by the same author. 
 (Tech. Ser. No. 6 , Div. Ent. , pp. 6 and 8 .) The scale is found 
 upon trunk and branches. More abundant upon heavier limbs. 1 
 have found it upon the twigs and in and around the terminal buds 
 of twigs.* 
 
 ♦>Ince Uie iibovo was written 1 liavo found this scvilo upi)n cliorry and apple in An- 
 derson county and upon ehoriy and apple In Franklin founty. In Franklin county a 
 plot of live acres of apple st«)ck heinp: cultivated for sclon«. was so jjenorally infested 
 by this scale that it was deemed advisable to uproot the whole plant. A larKO cherry 
 tree near by was also condemned. 'I’ho scions cut this fall from llm apple plot will be 
 subjected to >ras treat incut heforc' beln^ useil. 
 
 Forhesi was (irst reported from Kansas by Prof. E A. Popenoe in /uiiisn.'? Former, 
 locality not kIvoii. reference to which Is made in uiy Hull. Dept. Fnt. Tniv. Kans , 
 lUH'icts InJiirUma to Onhonlti, p. lit, Jan., 181W. 
 

 
 4 hunter: the CUCCIDyE 01' KANSAS. 
 
 Lot A, on cherrj% Lawrence, common, taken January 28, i8g8. 
 
 Lot B, on cherr}', Seward count}', taken February 18, 1898. 
 
 Lot C, on clierry. Cloud county, taken March 12, i8g8. (No 
 sketcli.) 
 
 Lot G, on cherry, 2 j 4 miles northwest of Lawrence, taken Octo- 
 ber 18, i8g8. 
 
 Lot D, crab apple, Lawrence, taken April 4, i8g8. 
 
 Lots E and F, apple, Lawrence, taken April 5 and 20, i8g8. 
 
 Aspidiotus ancyclus Putnam. Plate II, Figs. 8 , 9 . 
 
 Common on maple. In this species, as in the most of the 
 Aspidiotus 1 have observed, there is a marked tendency to segre- 
 gate. Clusters of scales sometimes two and three deep are to be 
 found while comparatively few scales are situated alone. While 
 this is doubtless true to a greater or less extent in all, it seems to 
 be more noticeable in this species. And further that the scales 
 meet upon the cephalic margins. Number of specimens of 3b stud- 
 ied, 12. The contour of anal plate of 3a and 3b agree. Second 
 lobe depressed. Differences and locations of spines and plates are 
 shown in the accompanying drawings. 
 
 The circumgenitals in 3b exceed the limits given for the species. 
 Caudodaterals 7 to 10, cephalo-laterals 13 to ig, anterior o to 4. 
 3b differs from 3a further in the chitinization of the incisions, 3a 
 agrees w'ith original figure in having the chitine nearly evenly dis- 
 tributed over the incision, almost crescent shaped, 3b shows the 
 chitine along the sides of the iiicisions and incisions clear at bot- 
 tom. 3b shows more dorsal glands, and this was characteristic of 
 this group. 
 
 Common on maple in and around Lawrence. 
 
 Aspidiotus uvse Comst. Plate 111, Fig. 10 . 
 
 On grape vines. No marked variations apparent. lola, Kansas, 
 February 12, 1898. 
 
 In June Mr. F. J. Parrott sent the writer specimens oh grape 
 from Manhattan. 
 
 Aspidiotus uvae Comst. var. Plate III, Fig. it. 
 
 Scale of female convex, circular, reddish white, red largely due 
 to cork cells present, scale resembles uvtc somew'hat; uva arranges 
 itself in row's; this insect has no special mode of arrangement. 
 Exttvia' slightly laterad of center, covered with white secretion; 
 when this is removed orange colored exuvia* appear. Scale 
 mm. in diameter. 
 
hunter: the COCCID/E 01'- KANSAS. 
 
 5 
 
 Scale of male. Elongate, broad and roundly convex anteriorly 
 and flattened posteriorly. The outline of margin of scale is egg- 
 shaped, broad end at anterior margin, exuviae covered with white 
 secretion, nipple and ring fairly distinct. When rubbed rather 
 large orange colored exuviae appear. Exuviae situated between 
 the highest point and anterior margin, sometimes on anterior mar- 
 gin. Length i mm., width about mm. 
 
 Female. Body circular, lemon yellow with many irregular deep 
 orange spots, the greater number along the caudal margin of the 
 penultimate segment. One pair of lobes notched on lateral mar- 
 gin, some specimens show lobes one entire the other notched. 
 Approach each other at distal extremity, well chitinized, especially 
 so along mesal margin near base. Two pairs of incisions with 
 chitinized processes. 
 
 Plates forked, two caudad of each incision. One spine on 
 median lobe, a pair laterad of each incisionj and another pair about 
 same distance laterad of second pair, as exists between first and 
 second pair of spines, the third pair of spines are not as near to 
 each other as the spines of the other pairs are. Five groups of 
 ventral glands, numbers shown on figure ii. Nine mounts of 
 females studied and many scales. 
 
 A further discussion upon this variety will be given subsequently. 
 A comparison between a good series of the Carya uva- with a series 
 from vitis Sign, is desired. The exact status of this variety may 
 then be better set forth. 
 
 On Carya alba Nutt. Lawrence. 
 
 Aspidiotua osborni Newell and Ckll. Plate III, Figs. 12, 13. 
 
 Since original description is not at hand for comparison I will add 
 the following notes: 
 
 Scales rather evenly distributed over the branches of the tree. 
 Scales slightly raised in center, depressed around margin. Color 
 dirty gray, yellowish on top caused by exuvias showing through, 
 oval, 2 mm. by i)4 mm. Exuvite laterad, covered by white se- 
 cretion, when rubbed orange colored exuvia? appear; ventral 
 scale white, very delicate. 
 
 Scale of male. Elongate oval, sides almost parallel. About 
 ly mm. in length. Darker than female. Exuvia:- laterad, lemon 
 yellow when whitish secretion is removed. The scale is slightly 
 raised along its greater median line, depressed at margin. 
 
 Female. Oval, lemon yellow. One pair lobes, median, show- 
 ing slight notch on distal margin and faint notches may appear on 
 lateral margin. Chitine appears to extend cephalad from base of 
 lobes, mesal margins show chitinous processes. 
 
6 
 
 hunter: the COCCU)/!''. OE KANSAS. 
 
 Two pairs of incisions, each bearing chitinous processes on 
 sides, processes nearly equal in size but rather wide apart. 
 
 Plates inconspicuous, one or two caudad of second incision, 
 small. Spines prominent, one on lateral margin of median lobe, 
 two between first and second incisions upon what might be con- 
 sidered a depressed lobe. One spine laterad of second incision 
 and another spine half wa}' between the fourth spine and a pair of 
 spines on the lateral margin. Another spine appears on lateral 
 margin near penultimate segment. (Not shown in figure.) 
 
 Four groups ventral glands, caudo-laterals 4 to 5, cephalo 
 laterals 4 to 6. 
 
 From many scales and mounted specimens. 
 
 Nymph. . Leg, antenna, and caudal margin shown by Fig. 13. 
 
 On Quercus albci 'L,., Douglas Co. 
 
 Aspidiotus ulmi Johns. Plate III, Fir. 14. 
 
 Found in two localities in the city of Lawrence upon catalpa, 
 massed upon the branch of the tree. In an entirely different lo- 
 cality upon Ulmus fulva. It seemed in each case to be of long 
 standing. Many old scales were found covered by the outer cork 
 layer. 
 
 The scale of female agrees quite well with original description, 
 except that I would not call the scale “quite convex;” slightly con- 
 vex suits here better. Male scale agrees with description. 
 
 Mature female differs from original description and figure in hav- 
 ing two notches upon the mesal margin of the lobes. In some 
 specimens the proximal notch is faintly marked. The drawing 
 made from the type shows here a slight curve. 
 
 The thickening of body wall as shown in original description is 
 quite characteristic of specimens examined. In an examination of 
 twenty mounted specimens no circumgenital glands were found. 
 
 Aspidiotus feinaldi Ukll. subspecies albiventer .subsp, nov. Plate IV, 
 Figs. 15, lO. 
 
 Abundant on the trunk from the ground up. When the tree is 
 wet the exposed ventral scales stand out almost like fine flakes of 
 snow. 
 
 In the orange exuviae, and in the mode of congregating and shape of 
 scale, this insect favors ancyclus. The color of the scale is lighter and 
 the structure of the female precludes the possibility of its being 
 ancyclus. The Putnam scale prefers the branches, this scale the 
 trunk. I have been unable to find a species described in the liter- 
 
hunter: the COCCTD/E of KANSAS. 
 
 7 
 
 ature tliat agrees with this scale, so I have offered the following 
 description: 
 
 Scale of female, grayish white, strongly resembling bark of 
 maple, in clusters, ventral scale well developed, the white sub- 
 stance annulated, scale circular, somewhat convyx with the cephalic 
 margin extended, beyond the circumference, exiiviaa cephalad of 
 center covered by white secretion, when this is removed large 
 dark orange red exuviae appear. Scale i ^ to 2 mm. 
 
 Scale of male elongate oval, about mm. in length, ventral 
 scale well- developed, but not arranged in rings, color of dorsal 
 scale somewhat darker. Exuviae between center and cephalic 
 margin, covered by white secretion, showing faint trace of dot and 
 ring, when this removed orange red exuviae appear. These exuvize 
 are much smaller than exuviae of female scale. 
 
 Adult female, obovate, dark orange in color. There are three 
 pairs of lobes. The median lobes are p’rominent, notched on lat- 
 eral margin, line of mesal margin extends parallel with line of 
 meson. Chitinous processes at inner base of lobes. 
 
 Second lobe pointed, erect, outer margin ranges from smooth 
 undulating line to a margin bearing three distinct notches. This 
 variation is shown by series of sketches (Fig. i6, a, b, c, d,). The 
 third lobe is also erect, ranging from inconspicuous to long, slender, 
 round lobe with notch (sketches Fig. 16, a, h, c, d,). 
 
 There are two pairs of incisions, with chitinous processes; these 
 chitinous processes remain constant. A large club-shaped process 
 on median side of first incision, a smaller one just opposite. The 
 process in second incision approaches a crescent. 
 
 Plates are present, one or two inconspicuous caudad of first in- 
 cision, always simple, one or two caudad second incision, gener- 
 ally forked. There is generally one simple plate between median 
 lobes. 
 
 Spines, one on first lobe, usually two laterad of second lobe, the 
 same may be said of the two situated laterad of third lobe. An- 
 other pair of spines are always present on the lateral margin 
 between the third lobe and the penultimate segment. 
 
 Ihere are five groups of ventral glands; caudo-laterals range 
 from 5 to 8, cephalo-laterals lo to 12, anterior 2 to 6. From many 
 scales and mounted specimens. 
 
 The trunk of the maple bearing these scales was densly popu- 
 lated. Lawrence, Kans. 
 
 Aspidiotus obscurus Comst. Plate VI, Fig. 25. 
 
 On black oak Quercus tinctoria! Bartram. Douglas Co., Kans. 
 
8 
 
 HUNTER: THE COCCID^E OF KANSAS. 
 
 Aspidiotus juglans-regiee Comst. var. Plate IV, Fig. 17. 
 
 Scale of male, oval, elongate, i mm. in length, raised anteriorly, 
 flattened posteriorly, darker than female, exuvite situated near 
 anterior margin, covered with white secretion, ring and dot within 
 distinctly seen upon exuviae. 
 
 Scale of female, diameter less than 3 mm., not more than 2^ 
 mm. Ventral scale “mere film,” “adheres to bark.” Color and 
 position of exuviae agree fairly well. 
 
 Female. Color pale yellow with “irregular orange colored 
 spots.” Oral setse and last segment dark yellow. Number of 
 circumgenitals do not agree with description, as shown by my 
 drawing. 
 
 Lobes three, three pair present, pointed, plates “simple, incon- 
 spicuous,” “resemble spines,” the largest found caudad of each 
 incision. Some specimens show simple plate between median 
 lobes. 
 
 Incisions shown in figure. Mesal bases of median lobes slightly 
 chitinized. Spines agree, except that on median lobe I find a spine 
 not shown or mentioned by Comstock 
 
 Spines. First spine on mesal lobe, a pair between first and 
 second incision, a third pair laterad of third lobe. This pair is 
 also about half way between the median lobe and fourth pair of 
 spines. 
 
 Plates inconspicuous, arranged as shown in drawing, one between 
 median lobes, one cephalad of first incision, two cephaladof second 
 incision, all simple. 
 
 Circutngenital glands, five groups, variable, extremes found are 
 caudo-laterals 2 to 12, cephalo-laterals 8 to 13, anterior o to 5. 
 Chitinized clubs present along side glands as shown. From ten 
 prepared specimens of females and many scales of male and female. 
 
 On one young crab apple tree. Lawrence. 
 
 A comparison betv/een this species and the original description: 
 
HUNTER: THE COCCIDA\ OE KANSAS. 
 
 9 
 
 Juglans-resrise var. 
 
 EEMALE. 
 
 Lobes two, and also a third 
 pointed prominence, not to be 
 called a lobe. 
 
 Median lobes vary in outline, 
 some being more elongated than 
 others. Well developed. 
 
 Second lobe about one-half as 
 large as median lobe. 
 
 Second lobe has three notches 
 on lateral margin, in all cases. 
 
 Two pairs of incisions, small 
 but made conspicuous by chi- 
 tinization. 
 
 A chain-like incision e.xtends 
 cephalad from first incision. 
 
 Plates simple and inconspicu- 
 ous, resembling spines in form. 
 Larger ones are one caudad of 
 each incision. 
 
 Spines prominent. 
 
 Short spine on median lobe. 
 
 Two spines laterad of second 
 lobe, both on ventral side. 
 
 Two spines laterad of third 
 prominence, both on ventral 
 side. 
 
 Pair of spines one-third of 
 distance from median lobe to 
 penultimate segment. Two 
 spines on ventral surface near 
 lateral margin of penultimate, 
 and two on ante-penultimate 
 segment. 
 
 Anterior glands 3 to 5, anter- 
 ior laterals 9 to ii, posterior 
 laterals 9 to 10. 
 
 MALE. 
 
 Antenna;, nine jointed includ- 
 ing basal joint. Wing expanse 
 about 2 mm. 
 
 Juglans-regiSB, as described by Pro- 
 fessor Comstock, on p. 300, plate 
 XIV, Agr. Rep. of i88o. 
 
 EEMALE. 
 
 Two lobes and a third pointed 
 prominence. 
 
 Well developed median lobe, 
 varying in outline. 
 
 Second lobe less than one-half 
 as large as median lobe. 
 
 Second lobe with one or two 
 notches on lateral margin. 
 
 Two pairs of incisions, small 
 but made conspicuous by chiti- 
 nization. 
 
 No mention. 
 
 Plates simple and inconspicu- 
 ous, resembling spines in form. 
 Larger ones are one caudad of 
 each incision. 
 
 Spines prominent. 
 
 No mention. 
 
 Description does not say how 
 many; drawing shows one on 
 dorsal and one on ventral side. 
 
 Drawing shows a pair; one 
 spine on dorsal and cne on ven- 
 tral side. 
 
 Fourth spines are nearer 
 median lobe than to the penulti- 
 mate segment. 
 
 Groups -j or 5 in number. An- 
 terior consisting of from i to 4, 
 anterior laterals of from 7 to lO, 
 posterior laterals of from 4 to 8. 
 
 MALE. 
 
 Not described. 
 
10 
 
 hunter: the coccid-E or Kansas. 
 
 Aspidiotus parniciosus Comst. Plate IV. Fig. i8: Plate V, Figs. ig. 20, 
 21, 22, 23. 
 
 The variations in the anal plate of female are greater than in 
 any of the specimens of any species studied. In fact it was the 
 exception to find one specimen having the structure of the two 
 sides identical. The relative size of the chitinous processes be- 
 tween the first and second lobe remained the same, “close together 
 and of nearly equal size,” but these rarely ever appeared under the 
 microscope at same focal point — tliat is, the relative sizes of the 
 two could be gained only by focusing up and down. Dorsal 
 glands uniformly few in number, small plate just laterad of second 
 incision always present. 
 
 A large number of individual mounts have been studied and 
 sketches of many made to illustrate their structures. 
 
 The scales of this group are uniformly dark, in many cases black, 
 the white secretion covering the exuvise of male is scant, in some 
 cases almost wanting, leaving the black sculptured ring and dot, 
 resembling description of A. andromclas. Others, however, have 
 the dot and ring fairly well marked. 
 
 The anal plate of female has presented many interesting fea- 
 tures. Fig. I may be considered as an extreme. N'cry few indeed 
 show the forks in plates so marked as they appear at a. This 
 figure farther shows two plates caudad first incision, serrate, in 
 this the specimen is normal. The irregular!)' shaped plates pres- 
 ent on left side at b, between spines four and five, and absent 
 entirely on right has been frequently observed. This figure further 
 shows the inconspicuous plates between the median lobes. Their 
 absence in some specimens examined could be satisfactorily ex- 
 plained by their being broken in course of preparation. 
 
 Fig. II may be taken as an average, shows only one plate caudad 
 of first incision and this plate forked. 
 
 Laterad of spine four is another spine; this is unusual. Between 
 spines four and five (not counting incidental spine) are two irreg- 
 ular plates on right and three on left. 
 
 Fig. Ill represents a left side of one specimen and a right side of 
 another transposed and placed beneath for illustration of variations 
 in structure of the two sides. 
 
 Figs. IV and V represent other individuals studied. 
 
 Newly born nymph. This agrees with description given by 
 Howard and Marlatt in every respect save one. Their description 
 reads: “The large central plates each terminate in a long hair.” 
 In the twenty nymphs examined the long hairs are not connected 
 

 
 IIUN'IEU; TIIK COCCID/K Ol’ KANSAS. 
 
 1 I 
 
 with the plates, hut arise from the ventral surface of the bod}' 
 cephalad of the plates and extend out under the plates caudad. 
 
 On a pear tree l)rought from New Jersey. Location near Argen- 
 tine, Kans.* 
 
 Aspidiotus greenii Ckll Plate VI, Fig, 24. 
 
 In the old scales found at base of palm leaf the exuviae are nearly 
 black, scale grayish black. 
 
 The plates found between the median lobes are in some cases 
 forked. There is also a variation of two in the number of toothed 
 plates. In some there are two more upon a side than in others. 
 The greatest number of toothed plates found on a side was six, 
 simple plates constant at four. Their relative position as well as 
 the number and position of the spines is best shown by the figure. 
 
 Fifteen mounted females studied, and many scales. Found 
 massed at base of palm leaves and extending a short distance up 
 the leaf. 
 
 On the palm, Ifoivca bclmoreana, in green house. Lawrence, 
 Kansas. 
 
 Aspidiotus Ksderae Vail. var. nerii Bouche.J Plate VI, Figs. 2O, 27; Plate 
 VII, Figs. 28, 29. 
 
 Scale of female and male agree with description. Position and 
 condition of first and second skin of female as described. 
 
 Female, light yellow in color mottled with yellow. 
 
 The anterior and posterior lateral glands agree with numbers 
 given, but in two specimens out of the twenty-five studied 1 find 
 in the one case a pair of glands forming an anterior group. In an- 
 other specimen I find an anterior group of two with one lying be- 
 tween this group and the right anterior lateral group. This I 
 have shown in the sketch. This group of glands, not spoken of by 
 Bouche or Comstock, is of interest. The plates and spines agree 
 satisfactorily with the description. The comparatively small num- 
 ber bearing this anterior group may be the reason why this group, 
 probably observed, t is not mentioned in the original descriptions. 
 
 * This t I PO was boujjht tliree yoars aso. when twt) years oUl, from Parry’s I’omona 
 .Niirsoi’y. Parry, N. J. It was placed at northwest oonier of a young orcliard. It has 
 been roolod up and l)urned. Tho writer visited this orchard ou Dec. 10, 1808, and gave 
 tile grtninds acareful ^‘xanilnaUon; two small colonlesof about a dozen Individuals 
 each were foun<l on I wo trees adjacent to place where infested tree stood. These 
 have been cut away, and tin' owner, a progro.ssivo horticulturist, intends subjecting 
 all the trees in tltat part of I ho orchard to si thorougli treatment with whale oil soap 
 wsisb as an extra precaution. 
 
 ■' I was uiiMble to lind rcforence in literat ure to inodlan group in AnpidiotiUi s. str. 
 I wrote l*rof. (JooUorell concerning iny observsitlon and asked for reference to such a 
 group, lie linds tliat Derlese examining Jspj'd/o^tLs /ird'‘ni’ var in Italy found 
 o/ir e.Mirnplo with one gland representing tlie median group. Cockerell adds interest- 
 ingly: ‘’The appearance of a median gland tlius is probatily an atavistic feature, as 
 tUi‘ supposed ancestors of (tspidiofi/.s s. sir. (Dhr.sptV-Ilke types) probably had the five 
 groups.” 
 
 ^As may be inferred from the host, those specjes are not indigenous. 
 
12 
 
 hunter: the coccida; oe Kansas. 
 
 Found massed on oleander leaves, much more abundant on 
 under side than upper side. Atchison, Kans. 
 
 Aspidiotus SBSCuli Johns, sub. sp. solus sub. sp. nov. Plate VII, Pig, 30. 
 
 Female scale circular, to 3 mm. in diameter, flat, dark in 
 central part, dirty gray around margin. Texture of scale light; 
 one side will adhere to the bark while the other side being loose 
 will curl up over, scale translucent. Exuviaj laterad of the center, 
 sometimes on margin, covered with light secretion, easily rubbed 
 off showing light orange exuviae. Ventral scale almost invisible to 
 the naked eye. 
 
 The plates of the female agree in the main with ancyclus, the 
 contour of the anal plate resembles the same species, notably the 
 depressed second lobes. The scale presents differences which 
 preclude a consideration of ancyclus. The scales are much scat- 
 tered and are situated singly. Upon seven twigs averaging three 
 inches in length, all chosen from the tree because they bore scales, 
 the following numbers of scales appear on each in the order ex- 
 amined: four, two, three, five, one, one, two. On the twig bearing 
 three, two of them were about one-fourth inch apart, the others 
 were more remote from each other. 
 
 The male scale favors forhesi in color, but the description of 
 Juglans-rcgicc in shape. 
 
 Mature female. Light yellow, one pair of median lobes, notched 
 midway of lateral margin, lobes in some converging, in others the 
 inner line of lobe is straight or slightly divergent. Two pairs of 
 chitinous processes on each side, club-shaped. From the pair just 
 laterad of the median lobes there extend cephalad U-shaped 
 openings in the bod}' wall. 
 
 Plates prominent. Caudad of first pair of club-shaped processes 
 is a plate generally forked, between first and second pair processes 
 there are from none to three plates, caudad of second pair pro- 
 cesses are one or two plates. 
 
 There is a spine near lateral margin of lobe, a pair of spines be- 
 tween the two pairs of processes, a pair of spines just laterad of 
 second pair of processes, another pair one-third distance from lobe 
 to penultimate segment, a single spine a like distance from the 
 penultimate segment. 
 
 Five groups of circumgenital glands, caudo-laterals 6 to 9, 
 cephalo-laterals 9 to 14, anterior o to 2. Club organs around 
 glands, in some cases obscuring the anterior group. 
 
 From ten satisfactory mounts and many scales. On Jugtans 
 nigra L. University campus. . 
 
hunter: the COCCID^ of KANSAS. 
 
 13 
 
 Through the kindness of Professor Cockerell I have received 
 some of the original material from which oesculi was described. 1 
 have compared the two species as follows: 
 
 A. sub. sp. solus compared with 
 
 Scales of solus uniformly darker 
 
 Color of exuviae of solus lighter 
 
 Texture of scale very delicate. 
 
 Scale flat. 
 
 Margin*of scale irregular and 
 frequently indistinct. 
 
 Broad median lobe notched 
 once on lateral margin; lobe 
 bears spine. 
 
 Laterad of lobe is an incision 
 bordered by club-shaped thick- 
 enings. 
 
 Line of U-shaped openings 
 extending cephalad in body wall 
 from the incision. 
 
 Caudad of incision one forked 
 plate. 
 
 Laterad of this incision from 
 two to five plates. 
 
 Laterad of median lobe on 
 last segment are three pairs of 
 spines, each pair composed of 
 one spine from each side of the 
 body wall, then a single spine 
 near penultimate segment, mak- 
 ing in all seven spines on lateral 
 margin of the segment. 
 
 Laterad of first incision is a 
 second incision but little smaller 
 than the first; the sides of this 
 bear club-shaped chitinous pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Dorsal glands numerous. 
 
 A. aesculi, taken from the original 
 material. 
 
 than scales of msculi. 
 than exuvias of cesculi. 
 
 Texture firm. 
 
 Scale slightly convex. 
 
 Margin of scale distinct. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Laterad of lobe is an incision 
 filled with chitine forming a 
 crescent-shaped structure. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Same. 
 
 Laterad of this incision never 
 more than two plates. 
 
 Only three spines on lateral 
 margin of last segment aaid all 
 arising from ventral surface. 
 
 The body wall at this point is 
 entire and no additional chitine 
 is apparent. 
 
 Dorsal glands numerous. 
 
H 
 
 HUN'IER: the COCCIDA', of KANSAS. 
 
 Five groups circumgenital 
 glands. Caudo-laterals 6 to g, 
 cephalo-laterals g to 14, anterior 
 o to 2. (Majority of specimens 
 show I or 2 glands in anterior 
 position.) 
 
 Four groups circumgenital 
 glands. Caudo-laterals 8 to ii, 
 cephalo-laterals g to 14, anterior 
 group wanting. 
 
 The fifth group of glands, greater number of plates and spines, 
 and additional well chitinized incision on margin of anal plate, to- 
 gether with peculiarities of the scale, are differentiations worthj' of 
 consideration in forming a specific separation. I prefer for the 
 present, however, to place solus as a sub species, and have allied 
 it to cesculi on account of similarity in contour of margin of anal 
 plate of female. Later I hope to be able, with A. Juglandis, A. 
 /uglans-regi(e, var. pruni, var. albus, var. kafka and A. cesculi before 
 me, to establish the exact position of solus. 
 
 Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche. 
 
 The scales longer than measurements given in description, being 
 2)4 to 3 mm. Structure of female conforms with typical forms. 
 Found upon the outer branches of two apple trees in one locality. 
 Lawrence, Kans. 
 
 Diaspis snowii, nov. sp. Plate VIl, Figs. 31, 32, 33. 
 
 Scale of female. Flat, oval, 2 by 3 mm., exuviae laterad of center 
 on the shorter axis. Scale sometimes more nearly circular and 
 more regular in outline, then exuviae appear to be located nearer 
 margin. Margins ragged. Central portion of scale dark gray, 
 pallid on border, scale very flat approaching margin so that the 
 connection between scale and bark is not readily discerned. A 
 very delicate ventral scale. 
 
 Scale of male. White in fresh specimens, orange white in older 
 specimens, i mm. long, narrow, rounded longitudinally, but slightly 
 carinated. Exuviae orange yellow, terminal. Some specimens 
 not quite so long and broader. The mature male has not yet been 
 observed. 
 
 Female. Oval, lemon yellow. Anal plate extended but little 
 beyond the general shape, orange, ^ell chitinized. Anal orifice 
 situated at base of aperture between median lobes. 
 
 Circumgenitals, five groups, caudo-laterals 5 to g, cephalo-later- 
 al.s 8 to 15, median o to 2. 
 
 One pair lobes, notched on outer margin, two incisions on each 
 side showing chitinous processes. 
 
hunter; the coccid.'E of Kansas. 
 
 15 
 
 There is a spine on or near the lateral margin of the lobe, one 
 between the first and second incisions, one laterad the second in- 
 cision; the fourth spine is as far from the third as the third is from 
 the median lobe. There is a small spine at a distance from the 
 penultimate segment equal to distance between the second and 
 third spines. On ventral margin of penultimate, and on each of 
 the two segments cephalad, there are a pair of small spines. The 
 rest of the body bears a spine on the ventral margin at somewhat 
 irregular intervals. 
 
 Plates prominent, not quite as long as the spine, two caudad 
 first incision, one or both forked, one forked plate caudad second 
 incision and two plates, generally simple, between the incisions. 
 Several rudimentary plates laterad second incision. 
 
 From eleven satisfactory mounts and many scales of both sexes. 
 
 On Sa/ix nigra Marshall. Douglas Co. 
 
 This species belongs to the subgenus Epidiaspis Ckll. MS., the 
 type of which is D. piricola Del Guercio. The number of glands 
 in the median group of snowii are less than in piricola. The glands 
 of all groups are much less in number than in D. pyri Colv^e. A 
 distinction of moment is the extreme posterior position of anal 
 orifice as in Diaspidioius. This orifice is well cephalad upon the 
 last segment in piricola, being located between the caudo-lateral 
 groups of glands. The median lobes of this species show distinct 
 notch about midway upon lateral margin, piricola is entire.* 
 
 It is highly fitting that this interesting representative of a 
 European group, the first Coccid to be described from this labora- 
 tory, be dedicated to Chancellor F. H. Snow, whose persistent and 
 untiring labors in the field of Natural History are largely responsi- 
 ble for the present status of biology in the University of Kansas. 
 
 My sincere gratitude is due Professor Theo. D. A. Cockerell for 
 material encouragement and valuable suggestions kindly offered in 
 the pursuit of these studies. I wish to express my appreciation of 
 the assistance of Mr. P. A. Glenn, a student of this department 
 last year, in the acquisition of the material here studied, and to 
 acknowledge the earnest and careful work of Miss Ella Weeks in 
 her part of the delineations accompanying this article. 
 
 T^se genus Lecaninm is now under consideration and it is expected 
 that a discussion of the Kansas forms will appear in a later number 
 of the Kansas University Quarterly. 
 
 *l'or comparison boiweeii D. pirivdtla and l>. pyri, see Bull. Plv. Knt-. Tec. Sev., No. (>. 
 p. 4, Cockerell, 
 

 
 The Cocci(l?c of Kansas, II. 
 
 Contribution from the F.ntoniolo^ical Laboratory, No. oo. 
 
 I!V S. J. HUNTKK. 
 
 VMi tc xn 
 
 With I’latps BBtu ■eg. 
 
 In the study of the material liere presented, it was found that 
 the most satisfactory mounts were made from specimens boiled in 
 a solution of KOH composed of etjual parts of water and saturated 
 solution of the potassium hydrate. The material was allowed 
 to boil several minutes, then was transferred ■ to warm water and 
 washed with camel’s hair brush until all the coloring matter had 
 left the body. From here the specimens were readily transferred 
 to glycerine jelly for temporary study or through the clearing 
 mixture mentioned in the previous paper into balsam for permanent 
 reference. 
 
 I am again placed under obligations to Professor T. D. A. 
 Cockerell who has very kindly read the manuscript and given 
 some notes upon the species here studied. The drawings 
 accompanying this paper were made by Miss Ella Weeks under 
 the author's immediate supervision. Thanks are due her for the 
 care and skill exercised in their production. 
 
 All measurements given, both in text and plates, are\in micro- 
 millimeters. 
 
 \' 1 1 1 
 
 Lecanium macluiae nov. sp. Plate EES Kifts. t. 2. 
 
 Female. Scale; long. 3 to 5, lat. to 4, alt. i to 2, fi. 
 
 Color light brown, older scales comparatively flat, younger scales 
 when dry wrinkle up forming ridges on longitudinal median line. 
 In older specimens the longitudinal median surface is smooth, this 
 area being fusiform, but not greatly enlarged in the center. Fusi- 
 form space pitted on each side, the lateral surface in folds; the 
 depressions each contain several small pits. The caudal margin 
 somewhat plicate. The edges of body wall not upturned on 
 median margins of caudal opening. Ciland pits in derm compara- 
 
 (liTI KAN. IINIV. yUAU., VOI.. Vlll. NO. 2, Al’U., IWI'P, SEUIES A. 
 
i8 
 
 KANSAS UNIVF.RSri'V QUARTERI.V. 
 
 live))' few. Mouth parts prominent, and bearing a well developed 
 triangular labium having three prominent spines on lateral margins. 
 
 Antennae seven jointed, the fourth being the largest, the sixth the 
 shortest. Beginning with the proximal segment they measure 
 56-68; 32-36; 56-68; 52-56 28-40; 20-24; 28-32; micromillimeters 
 respective^'. Chietotaxy and structure shown in figure. In some 
 specimens sutures between i and 2, in others sutures between 3 
 and 4, 5 and 6 are indistinct. The third and fourth are without 
 spines, the remaining segments show spines as indicated in figure. 
 
 The legs are well developed, and highly chitinized. The body 
 when boiled in KOH gives reddish brown coloring matter and 
 becomes clear, the legs however retain part of their chitine. 
 'J'rochanter prominent, prothoracic leg in some specimens shows 
 unusually long hairs, two on trochanter, one on coxa; hairs else- 
 where as indicated in figure. Claw curved, with two stout knobbed 
 digitules. The second digitule of claw seen only in the mesotho- 
 racic leg. Tarsus bearing two long slender knobbed digitules. 
 Chajtotax)’ and relative size.s. of segments shown in figure. 
 
 Habitat. On the twigs of osage orange. May 18, 1898. These 
 specimens were received from Clallin, Barber county, through the 
 Honorable F. D. Coburn Secretary of the State Board of Agricul- 
 ture. The twigs were thicklj- covered with scales but so thoroughly 
 were the)' parasitized by chalcids and attacked by the larvK of a 
 coccinellid that it was with difficulty that suitable material for 
 study was obtained from material sent. These insects are widely 
 separated from I. mtiiliiraniiii Ckll. Description of /. robiniariim 
 Douglas is not at hand. I note however that a probable variety has 
 been found in New Mexico* on osage orange. The parasites left no 
 eggs for comparison, so even this remote clue is wanting. Professor 
 Cockerell says: “It isn’t rohiniarnm. It is related, I think, to /.. 
 
 filchii." 
 
 Lecanium canadense Ckll. Plate SffflR Figs. i. 2, 3. 
 
 I. ecaniiim raryne t. caiiiicioise CVW. Can. Rnt., Vol. 27. 1895, p. 253. 
 
 J. i'canium canadense ('kll. Can Ent , Vul. jo, p. 2174. 
 
 This scale at first glance resembles scale of L. kansascnse but upon 
 close examination the smooth central boss is not so apparent, nor 
 raised smooth ridge on each side of the boss. The legs and 
 antenna' ])resent still greater distinctions. Scale of female, long, 
 4 to 53'f>; lat. 4; alt. 3^ to 4 /x. Hemispheroidal, and caudal margin 
 slightly extended. Some specimens show slight elevation on cen- 
 ter of dorsum, others not raised but shiny on dorsum and with but 
 
 ♦Civil. Can. Ibiit. 'il-'). p. Insi'Cl Clfo, \'i)L \'II. p, 
 
kUNTKR; I MK COCCID.-I': OF KANSAS. j ) 
 
 few pits. Caudal half of lateral portion of body plicate. Color 
 very dark brown, pits nowliere deep, unpitted surface shiny. 
 Derm, when bleached shows numerous gland pores. 
 
 Antennse six jointed. Drofessor Cockerell addsi *‘This species 
 occasionally shows 7 jointed antennie.” The third joint about yj. 
 length of whole member, the sixth shows distinct compression 
 which suggests a suture but none could be found in specimens 
 examined. Individual lengths and comparative sizes of segments 
 shown in figure. 
 
 Leg, size of segments variable. Trochanter prominent. Limits 
 of forms of this species studied: 
 
 C. 120-140; tr. 68; fern. 180 -204 (including tr) ; tib. 120-152; 
 tars. 80-88: cl. 12-12. 
 
 Only one long slender tarsal digitule seen, knobbed: two short 
 stout digitules belong to the claw. 
 
 Habitat on [limns timerhaiia University Campus, .April, 1898 
 
 Collected by Mr. P. A. Glenn. 
 
 Lecanium kansasense, nov. sp. Plate'§^EB 4, 5. 
 
 Female, long. 3 to 5I, lat. 2i to 3I , alt. remains constant at 
 2, IX. Color dark brown, very shiny, derm apparently thick, 
 when boiled in KOH becomes translucent retaining some coloring. 
 Derm checkered with numerous gland pits. Some scales, when 
 taken, March, ’g8, were sparsely covered with white powder. 
 When scale is removed distinct oval ring with anal indentation 
 distinctly apparent upon bark of host. 
 
 On median surface of dorsum is a smooth space, oval-shaped 
 and slightly raised, bordered on each side bj’ row of punctures. 
 Some specimens show slight smooth elevation and another row of 
 punctures laterad of first rows, so that boss from long focus appears 
 to be encircled by two rows of pits. Lateral and caudal aspects 
 plicate, cephalic aspect minutely wrinkled. 
 
 Antennae six jointed, structure, average length, and arrangement 
 of hairs shown in figure. Third joint a little longer than 
 4 I 5 1 - 6 . Segments always well marked. Terminal hair equal in 
 length to proximal joint. 
 
 Leg strongly chitinized, does not bleach as readily as derm. 
 Number and position of digitules, average length of segments and 
 chadotaxy shown in figure. 
 
 Habitat. On Co sis (tunulnisis /,., University Campus, January, 
 
 1 898. 
 
 1 am inclined to associate with this species scales of f.Cianium. 
 

 KANSAS UNIVERSITV QUAR I KRI-V. 
 
 ■jr. 
 
 
 insufficient in number for tliorougli study, taken from Jug/ans nigra, 
 a potted rose, and from Ulniiis fulva. In none of tliese were either 
 legs or antennae found. The paucity of material, therefore, pre- 
 vents a more positive opinion. From the scales, however, it is 
 evident that they are closel}' related, if not identical. Of the scale 
 on Ulmus fiiliHi Professor Cockerell says: “I feel confident that the 
 one on Ulmns fnh'a belongs here.” If these can subsequent!}' he 
 proven identical, it will he of interest in showing the range of 
 adaptability of this species. 
 
 X 
 
 Lecanium cockerelli nov. sp. Plaii-rnSB I'igs. i, 2, 3. 
 
 Scale of female. Average long. 8.5, lat. 5 to 6 (apparently 
 governed by width of branch), alt. *3, /x. Scales of extreme length 
 are long. 10.4, lat. 6.6, alt. 4.2 This striking scale will he easily 
 recognized by its two prominent tubercles on the cephalic 
 half of the body, situated laterad of the longitudinal median line. 
 From these tubercles the body descends rapidly cephalo-ventrad 
 to the bark of host, giving the cephalic aspect somewhat of the 
 appearance of the upper part of the face of a bull dog. From 
 the tubercles the body slopes graduall)' caudo-ventrad to the bark 
 of the host. Derm closely pitted with shallow punctures, color 
 very dark brown. 
 
 When removed from bark the margin of the insect leaves an 
 elliptical ring, central portion of which is covered by a white 
 powder, by transmitted light derm is shown to be closely per- 
 forated by minute gland pores. 
 
 Antennas, stout, eight segments, arrangement of hairs and length 
 of segment shown in figure. Leg stout, tarsus bears two long 
 slender knobbed digitides, claw with two stouter digitides, length 
 of claw and tarsus 128 micromillimeters. 
 
 Habitat. Taken I'ebruary. 1898, on I'hinis amrricana in Law- 
 rence, Kansas. Many of the outer branches of trees were closelj’ 
 studded upon the upper surface b\- these scales. 'I he same trees 
 were examined February of this year and but a single specimen 
 was found. I cannot charge this disappearance to parasites exclu- 
 sively. I would rather believe that the severe weather and the 
 two very heav}’ sleets that covered the trees atui remained upon 
 them for several da)’s were largely responsible for the clearance of 
 old scales. 
 
 This attractive species is dedicated to Professor T. D. A. Cock- 
 erell wl;ose studies have greatly enriched Coccidologic al liter- 
 ature. 
 
huntkr:- the cocciii.-e oi Kansas. 
 
 2l 
 
 On walnut, the same species was found, but the scale is uni- 
 formly smaller and the size of .segments of leg and antennae cor- 
 respondingly less. Long. 6-7, lat. 4 5, alt. 3-4, fx. A compari- 
 son of figure 2 with figure 3 will show differences in size of the 
 antennae and legs of the walnut and elm scales. 
 
 Habitat on /ug/a /is ///g/n, University Campus, Ajiril, 'g8. 
 
 From the relative sizes can it be said that elm is the better adapted 
 host? 
 
 Professor Cockerell writes that he has received specimens of 
 this scale from Mr. G. B. King and several other correspondents 
 but the material was in unfit condition for description, 
 
 .\ 
 
 Lecanium armeniacum Craw. Plat Fig. 4, 
 
 Comparison of the infested twigs with photograph upon title 
 page of bulletin No. 83 Cornell University by M. V. Slingerland, 
 suggests a possibility of this being the same species. Later, 
 however, in the description, Professor Cockerell is-tjuoted as 
 associating that insect with Jugla/idis, a 7-jointed species. There 
 being no descriptions, specimens in si/n, or slide specimens at 
 hand the following notes are offered. 
 
 Scale of female, crowded closely upon twigs of plum sometimes 2 
 and 3, one upon another. Color of scale pale brown; some of scales 
 full and show no foldings, others show a row of pits on each 
 side of longitudinal median line and sides plicate. Some scales 
 have retained their form while others are much shriveled up. The 
 shape of scales, hemispheroidal with sides somewhat depressed. 
 Long. 4, lat. 3, alt. 2.5, /*. 
 
 Antennae 6 and 7 jointed, the basal joint (piite stout and globular, 
 the first and second segments bear unusually long hairs, the third 
 segment (when 7 jointed) bears one, the fourth again bears two 
 unusually long hairs. Further chaAotaxy and relative dimensions 
 shown in figures. 
 
 Legs are slender and might be characterized by the marked 
 constriction at the joints. There is an e.xception to this, however; 
 in the case of the trochanter and femur. Here the segments are 
 simply marked olf by a straight line, no noticeable indentation 
 being apparent on the margins. Tarsus bears two long slender 
 knobbed digitules, claw bears two much shorter ami stouter dig- 
 tules. 
 
 Habitat, on plum twigs. This insect was found by the writer 
 among the collections and bore the label ‘‘Scale bugs on plum, 
 Kansas.’’ Reference to the lot number showed that these scales 
 
22 
 
 KANSAS UNIVKRSITV QUAR l ERI.V . 
 
 '.i’ere taken by Prof. V. L. Kellogg in 1891. The date of collection 
 was not given but upon twigs there remained some leaves and 
 blossoms SO that the time of the year can be satisfactorily deter- 
 mined. 
 
 A comparison with descriptions of /,. n/gositm Sig.* shows 
 not “rugose” but plicate, not “hills” but ridges and furrows upon 
 the sides. The plum scales are light brown. Antennas 6 and 7 
 jointed, never “eight”; in view of obscurit}' of segmentation, it is 
 interesting to note that the plum scale agrees with rugosinn in that 
 3 exceeds part distad of 3, if 3+4 are one segment as in plate, figure 
 4^, but if they are as drawn in same plate, figure 4 h, joint 3 is less 
 than all distad. Size uniformly smaller than riigosinii, plum scale 
 elongate, ru^^osum circular. Groove in anterior tarsus not shown; 
 posterior tarsus not wider than tibia; chaetotaxy not similar. 
 
 With the Queenston scaleif — “legs well developed,” trochanter 
 has “one” hair, coxa bears not “one” but two long and two short 
 hairs. Length of femur, tibia and tarsus within possible bounds, 
 but digitulesof claw not “long” but short and stout extending but 
 little beyond claw. 
 
 No further ■ literature being at hand for comparative study 
 I sent this scale with my notes to Professor Cockerell. He says. 
 “ This scale has much in common with L. arwciuaniin, yet seems 
 not quite the same. I wish we knew the sub- adult (living) female 
 and the newly hatched larva.” Professor Cockerell kindly sent me 
 specimens of armeniacum. A comparison shows, legs similar; 
 antennsE agree with seven segmented specimens except that 5th 
 joint in armeniaium is shorter than in plum insect. 
 
 The greatest difference appears to be in the scale itself. When 
 bleaching, it colors the fluid a yellowish ochre; the plum scale gives 
 off brownish coloring. Scale of armcniacmn is not plicate and 
 shows no longitudinal median raised smooth ridge: this insect, ar- 
 meniaiimt, is more hemispheroidal with side tpiite full; plum scale 
 more elongate and flattened. 
 
 Professor Cockerell suggested that Mr. Theo. Pergande be con- 
 sulted since he has been working upon these fruit tree Lecaniums. 
 
 Accordingly I have received the following from Mr. Pergande 
 through Dr. Howard: 
 
 “ I have examined and compared the specimens sent with 
 mounted and dry material of I.i'i'aiuiim arnicniaiiini in our collection, 
 and have come to the conclusion that the plum scale from Kansas 
 
 ♦Translated by Mrs. T, D. A. Cockeroll. Can. Ent. Vol. 27. p. 51). 
 Vi\ I). A. Cockerell, Ibid, p, UU. 
 
iriJNTER: I'HE COCCID.E OK KANSAS. 
 
 23 
 
 is identical with tlie above species. With regard to the difference 
 in length of one or the other of the antennal joints, as noticed, I 
 will say that it is simply individual variation; even in the same 
 specimen the comparative length of either of the joints of both 
 antenna; varies frequently more or less. There is generally also a 
 more or less perceptible variation in size, color and shape in the 
 same species, dependent, in a measure, on the food plant on which 
 it may have established itself, and also on the locality. Old speci- 
 mens, which have attained their full growth and have died a natural 
 death, are generally darker, if prepared for the microscope, than 
 younger individuals of the same stage and with all the pores of the 
 germ much more distinct. As to the shape of the individual scales 
 and their sculpturing, I find in our material of typical specimens of 
 Lfcaniinn armeuiaciim the same variations as those mentioned.” 
 
 1 he limitation of variations within a species never fails to be of 
 interest. With a view to setting these forth in this species the 
 following data are given concerning the antennae: 
 
 After examining the antennae of ly bleached insects from plum 
 by means of a |'j oil immersion objective, it was found that four 
 of this number bore 7 jointeil antenna.', two showed faint trace of 
 suture between 3 and 4 (of the 7 jointed variety) and thirteen bore 
 distinctly 6 segmented antennae, 3 and 4 appearing as one and 
 about equal in length to 3 + 4 of the 7 segmented antennae. Meas- 
 urements of antennae of representative insects will show these 
 variations in detail. 
 
 A brace is used to show that the two antennae belong to the same 
 insect. In this connection it is well to note the variations in num- 
 ber of segments within the individual as shown in the cases of 
 / and i. 
 
KANSAS UNIVKKSri'V (,)UA RTKRI.Y. 
 
 Lot No. 
 of 
 
 Specimen. 
 
 ISt 
 
 2d 
 
 3^1 
 
 4tli 
 
 5 th 
 
 6th 
 
 7th 
 
 a 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 
 48 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 1 '• . 
 
 1 
 
 44 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 52 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 c 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 100 
 
 24 
 
 28 
 
 32 
 
 d 
 
 48 
 
 4 “ 
 
 100 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 e - 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 
 i6 
 
 24 
 
 44 
 
 36 
 
 48 
 
 100 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 1 ■■ 
 
 f 
 
 48 
 
 36 
 
 108 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 ■44 
 
 ■ 
 
 52 
 
 40 
 
 
 5b 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 40 . 
 
 o . 
 
 to 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 gb 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 46 
 
 44 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 108 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 44 
 
 
 48 
 
 28 
 
 92 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 4 " j 
 
 [ 
 
 1 
 
 • 4 »- 
 
 40 
 
 gb 1 20 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 4^ 
 
 40 
 
 52 
 
 44 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 
 48 
 
 40 
 
 92 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 92 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 k 
 
 44 
 
 40 
 
 88 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 48 
 
 44 
 
 I 00 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 4 » 
 
 1 j 44 
 
 40 
 
 52 
 
 44 ! .. 
 
 
 1 
 
 ■■ 1 
 
HUNTKK: the cocci !)/!•; OK KANSAS. 
 
 25 
 
 Antennae of L. armniiacum^ on prune, from Healdsburg, Cali- 
 fornia (Ehrliorn). 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 Lecanium hesperidum L. Plate XVI, Pigs, i, 2, 3. 
 
 Habitat. In conservatories on ///t/rA'/tv/ sp. and CV////.r sp. In 
 green house on CHrus sp., Hedera helix and Ncrium oleander. 
 
 This species was found on trunk, branches, leaves and fruit of 
 the citrus trees. The scales upon the trunk are darker and more 
 convex than those on branches. Those on branches and leaves 
 incline to be yellowish, while those on the trunk are grayish. The 
 outlines of both remain the same (Plate XVI, Fig i) except when 
 modified by mid rib or by bordering on branch. 
 
 The scales on ivy and oleander are uniforinlj' darker than orange 
 scales; some of them are amber colored. The marginal outline is 
 ovate, cephalic half being the wider. These scales are also more 
 convex than the orange scales, and show on dorsum in some cases 
 the figure H, the transverse bars joining the marginal spikes. 
 
 Antennse, legs and nymphs of all these scales agree in structure. 
 
 The subject of tesselation naturally arises in this connection. 
 Considerable attention has been paid to the bleached derm. The 
 results obtained, however, have not been constant. With the aid of. 
 favorable reagents and suitable stains it is hoped that some 
 definite data may be secured which will admit of something being 
 said upon this point at a later date. 
 
 Lscanium coffeae Walker. Plate ilBi Fig. 4 
 
 Habitat. On sword fern, Pleris sp., green house, Lawrence. 
 
 T . \ I 
 
 Liacanium olese bernanl, Plate WST Fig. 5. 
 
 These scales differ in number and relative sizes of segments of 
 antennte as compared with Comstock’s description in U. S. Ag. 
 Uep., 1H80, p. 336. 
 
 lUj. Itio, r-ur. and cl HI. 
 
26 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITV QUARTKRI.Y. 
 
 Habitat, on Ncrium oleander, green liouse, Lawrence. 
 
 Professor Cockerell notes upon this species: “The typical 
 antenna has 8 segments. These e.xamples vary in the cjirection of 
 L. mirandnm, Ckll. and Parrott, ined., from Tlacotalpan, Mexico, 
 and a study of them, together with other material, has. led me 
 to be of the opinion that mirandnm is, after all, onl}? one of the 
 forms of oleec." 
 
 Ml 
 
 Lecaniodiaspis (?) parrotti nov. sp. Plate Figs. 4, 5. 
 
 Turtle sliaped back resembles somewhat the carapace of Chelydra 
 serpcnlina. 7 tubercles compose median carina, the second the 
 longest, then graduated dorsad, radiators extend down and out 
 from tubercles. Ribs on dorsum apparent, corresponding in num- 
 ber, position and size to the median tubercles. Ribs bear distinct 
 elevations midway between carina and margin of body, and where 
 ribs meet margin are to be seen protuberances corresponding in 
 size to the median tubercles. 
 
 Marginal outline forms an oval; cephalic margin bears three 
 small tubercles, the median pointed, the ones on each side obtuse, 
 the three being nearl)' equal in size. At the caudal extremity of 
 longitudinal median carina is a prominent quadrangular structure, 
 extending caudad from margin of the body. 
 
 Thickness of body i.i /x , margin of dorsum elevated from 
 bark .4 /x. Dorsum and side wine colored, covered in places h}' 
 grayish white, derm of body wrinkled, waxy secretion apparent 
 under ventrum. 
 
 Described from one specimen in situ on Aesculns glabra, and 
 named in honor of Mr. P. J. Parrott of the State Agricultural 
 College. Taken 4 miles west of Lawrence, Pebruary g, i8gg. 
 
 This specimen was opened and within there was found the pupa 
 of a parasitic hvmenoptera, which in its development had destroyed 
 the larger part of the body of the insect, so that it could not be 
 ascertained whether the antennas were present, rudimentary or 
 absent. It is therefore placed provisionally in Lecaniodiaspis. The 
 segmentation and cliitinization of ventrnm of that part of the body 
 examined resembled the same portion of the body of pruinosus. 
 'J'he scale itself is quite characteristic and will, I believe, be readily 
 recognized from the two figures accompanying this description. 
 In this connection it is fitting to record that Professor Cockerell 
 wishes to say that in his opinion Lecaniodiaspis artemesiie Ckll 
 should be transferred to Solenocoeens as Solenocbceus arlemesiiC Ckll. 
 
hunter: the coccid.e of Kansas. 
 
 27 
 
 Li9caniodiaepis celtidls Ckll., sub. sp. pruiaosus sub. sp nov. Plate XVII, 
 Figs. I, 2. 
 
 Female: long. 4, lat. 3, alt. i, /a. Median Carina and inter- 
 rupted transverse ridges distinctly seen in younger specimens, less 
 apparent on dorsum of old scales. Scales slightly convex, sides 
 of dorsum arise from bark of host. Color pale ochrous with 
 frosty white covering. The color and shape resemble celtidis but 
 in cdtidis the frosting is coarser and (fltidis does not show median 
 Carina or segmentation on dorsum. 
 
 Anal margins^TVearing hairs, two bristles prominent on tips of 
 each anal plate. Antenna; eight jointed, joints distinct, measure- 
 ments and chiEtotaxy shown in figure. 
 
 Ventrum distinctly segmented showing chitinized plates trans- 
 verse and longitudinal. Mouth parts prominent, setas 1.48 mm. 
 long. 
 
 Antennae 8 jointed, basal joint, 36; 2d, 24; 3d, 36; 4th, 40; 5th, 
 40; 6th, 28; 7th, 24; 8th, 20. 
 
 Habitat on bark of U/mns anicricana, Lawrence, April, 1898. 
 
 1 have not seen the origbial description of L. cdtidis Ckll. but 
 I received some time ago specimens of cdtidis from Prof. Cockerell, 
 and have made therefrom a sketch of the antenna for comparison. 
 Antenna of />niinosiis is eight segmented; the basal segment bearing 
 one minute hair, the second has two prominent hairs, third and 
 fourth joints naked; fifth, six and seventh bearing each one hair; 
 the terminal segment carries seven bristles. The whole member 
 is short and stout. The eight jointed antenna of cdtidis is longer, 
 more slender, and bristles were observed on the second, fifth and 
 terminal joints, the terminal joint bearing eight. The differences 
 in length of respective segments are shown by the measurements 
 attending. The characteristic structures of the scales, as before 
 stated, are distinctions of moment. 
 
 The genera, Chionaspis and Puhinaria will be discussed in the 
 next paper upon this subject. 
 
 Author's edition, puhlished April r2, iSgi). 
 
■ 
 
 
 V^\ 
 
COCCIDiE OF KANSAS, III. 
 
 Oontribution from the Entomological Laboratory No. 72. 
 
 BY S. J. HUNTER. 
 
 With Plates XIII to XIX» iacltisive. 
 
 <ltionffsjyis oi’f/iofobis Comstock. Pkate XIII, figs. 1, 2. 
 
 On willow ( Salix sp. ) on bank of Kaw river, and cottonwood ( Popu- 
 lus sp.) in the vicinity of Lawrence; also on willow (Salix) on Uni- 
 versity camiius. 
 
 Vli ioiifispis salicis-uiijr(v Walsh. Plate XIV, fig. 1. 
 
 On willow (Salix sp.) near Lost Springs, Marion county, and on 
 host of same genus near Greeley, Anderson county. 
 
 In my study of these two species I have found the differentiation 
 (when the mature female only was represented in the material at 
 hand) attended by some uncertainty. In looking over the literature 
 I find the same difficulty sometimes expressed. The distinctive 
 characteristics of each I have endeavored to set forth. The com- 
 parisons are based upon an abundance of material determined by the 
 writer from the Kansas localities given, and upon the following from 
 the Division of Entomology at Washington : Specimens of C. ortholo- 
 hin from San Bernardino, Cal., the type locality, and C. salicis-nigne 
 from Mankato, Kan., authentic matei’ial, which through the courtesy 
 of Mr. C. L. Marlatt I have had the privilege of studying in this con- 
 nection. 
 
 C. orlholohis. C. salicis-nigrce. 
 
 SCALE OF MALE. 
 
 Without cariniv. I Tricarinate. 
 
 E.vuviie dark yellow or brownish. | Exuvim pale lemon yellow or colorless. 
 
 White. 
 
 1.8-2.2nim. long. 
 
 Exuviic yellowish brown. 
 
 SCALE OF FEMALE. 
 
 White. 
 
 2.C-3.4 mm. long. 
 Yellow or colorless. 
 
30 
 
 HUNTER: COCCID^E OP KANSAS, III. 
 
 PYGIDIDM OF FE.MALE. 
 
 Median lobes almost fused in basal 
 half; inner margins frequently diver- 
 gent in distal half, serrate. 
 
 Second lobes half or less than half as 
 long as median lobes. 
 
 Space between second and third lobes 
 less than twice the distance between 
 the first and second lobes. 
 
 Third lobe, inner lobule less than one- 
 half inner lobule of second lobe. 
 
 Plates 1, 1-2, 1-2, 1-2, l-i. 
 
 Circumgenital glands: Median, 17-24; 
 post, lat., 14-27; ant. lat. , 21-3.3. 
 
 In second row dorsal glands, posterior 
 group absent. 
 
 Anteriors 2-6; minute circular glands 
 absent. 
 
 Median lobes short, broad, symmetri- 
 cally rounded at tips. 
 
 Second lobes half or more than half as 
 long as median lobes. 
 
 Space between second and third lobes 
 more than twice distance between 
 first and second lobes. 
 
 Third lobe frequently prominent; inner 
 lobule = one-half inner lobule of sec- 
 ond lobe.' 
 
 Plates 1, 1-2, 1-2, 1-2, 1-5. 
 
 Median, 2.3-30; ant. lat., 17-53; post, 
 lat., 19-40. 
 
 Posteriors 1-4. 
 
 Anteriors 2-4; minute circular glands 
 1 - 10 . 
 
 Ohionaspis salicis-nigrcB, readily seimrated from C. ortholohis by 
 its male scale, can, from observations made uiion the pyj^idia of fifty- 
 four females, be said to differ in this structure by its shorter and 
 broader lobes, by its possession of the posterior group of dorsal 
 glands in the second row, and the presence of minute circular glands 
 most abundant in the anterior group, second row, and visible beneath 
 (ventral aspect) the circumgenital glands. In an examination of 
 twenty-seven mounts of ortholohis and twenty-seven mounts of salicis- 
 nigrm, I found this posterior group in second -row dorsal glands ab- 
 sent in all ortholohis, and present in all but one salicis-nigrar, this 
 individual salicis-nigrie was well marked with the minute circular 
 dorsal glands. The statement of Comstock'-' concerning median lobes 
 of ortholohis, “mesal margins are parallel for more than half their 
 length,” holds good in many individuals among salicis-nigrm. “The 
 distal margin of each {ortholohis) is rounded does not always ob- 
 tain, since the inner distal margin is frequently divergent while the 
 outer margin is rounded. 
 
 CfiioiKispis (iiiiericdiiH .Johnson. Plate XfV, fig. 2. 
 
 Scale of female, 2 to 3.5 mm. in length ; exuvi.-eO.b mm. long, sides 
 diverging ; generally straight, sometimes curved to right or left, curved 
 scales located singly, broadly convex, dirty white. 
 
 Scale of male, tricarinate, 0.7 to 1 mm. in length, sides nearly par- 
 allel, clear white ; exuvise pale lemon yellow. 
 
 Mature female. The 2 iygidium bears three jiairs of lobi'S. Median 
 lobes iiroininent, fused almost entire length of inner margins, sloj)- 
 ing rapidly laterad, lateral margins with from one to three distinct 
 
 1. Cooloy says “ third pair often almost obsoloto.” Sp. Bull. Hatch Exp. Sta. Aug. 1899, p. 
 19. When this is the case lobes 1 and 2 are proportionately depressed. 
 t. Kept. U. S. Cointn’r Agr. 1880, p. 817. 
 
HUNTER: COUCID.E OF KANSAS, III. 
 
 31 
 
 uolohes. Second lobes iirominent, consisting of a large mesially in- 
 clined inner lobule, showing one or two marginal notches, and a 
 shorter, more erect, outer lobule, sometimes with one notch. Third 
 lobe generally compressed, though clearly distinguishable, division 
 into two lobules apparent, inner lobule generally entire, margin of 
 outer lobule notched once or twice, spines appear singly, as shown in 
 figure 2, iilate XIV, and grouped, beginning laterad of the median 
 lobes, as follows : 1, 1-3, 1-2, 2-4, 4-8. The cireumgenital glands 
 range in number : Median groups, 16-2(), anterio-laterals, 15-3(), pos- 
 terio-laterals, 15-39. Of the thirteen specimens in which the glands 
 were counted, ten had decidedly more glands upon the right side than 
 upon the left side. Location and number of the dorsal glands shown 
 in the figure. 
 
 Male. The author of this species. Prof. W. Gr. Johnson, records 
 two forms of males — “A perfect male with fully develojied wungs, and 
 a pseudo-imago with rudimentary wings. 
 
 Tliis siiccies is very common in Lawrence and vicinity, where I have 
 taken it chiefly upon the outer branches of the white elm, but have 
 also found it existing upon the trunk of the tree. I have received it 
 from Floral, Cowley county, and Abilene, Dickinson county, upon 
 badly infested twigs of the white elm. 
 
 In the abundant material studied, from five localities in Douglas 
 county, and at Abilene and Floral, little striking variation is to be 
 noted. The plates are sometimes forked and sometimes simple, the 
 limits of cireumgenital glands rather large; lobular crenulations 
 appear at irregular intervals. The structural characteristics of the 
 species in this latitude, however, appear to be fairly constant. 
 
 ('/lioiHis/ii.s jtfdtaiii Cooley. Plate XV, tifi. 1. 
 
 Seale of male, 0.9 to 1.3 mm. in length, sides parallel, diverging, 
 .slightly oval, without carinic, exuviae lemon yellow, occupying about 
 one-fourth the length of scale. 
 
 Seale of female, 1.4 to 2 nun. in length, broadens posteriorly some- 
 times abruptly, color favors the whitish coloring of the bark of host, 
 sometimes obscured by the characteristic pruinose coloring of the 
 bark; exuvim dark reddish brown, prominent, about one-fourth of 
 length of scale ; little or no ventral scale. 
 
 Female. Pygidium bears three pairs of lobes ; median lobes promi- 
 nent, divergent from inner base, plainly serrate; second lobes consist 
 of two lobules, the inner lobe the more jirominent, the outer lobe ex- 
 tending but little if any bi'yond the marginal outline, faintly serrate ; 
 the third 2 )air obscure, inner lobule noticeable, the outer reiiresented 
 are arranged laterad of median lobes, beginning at the median lobe I, 
 
 3. Bull. 111. St. Lab., vol. IV, p. 391. 
 
32 
 
 HUNTER: COCCIDyE OF KANSAS, III. 
 
 generally as a bench-like lateral extension of the inner lobule. Plates 
 1, 1-2, 1-2, plates simple, spines and dorsal glands arranged as shown 
 in figure, together with an average number of circumgenital glands. 
 
 Since this scale is described from Kansas, the specimens in hand 
 conform with Cooley’s description. The male scale seems to be uni- 
 formly larger than in the type insect, and with darker exuvim. 
 
 CliioiKisjiis jtiilifoliir Fitch. Plate XV, figs. 1,2. 
 
 Common upon Pinus sp. on the campus in Lawrence and vicinity’ 
 The infestation nowhere serious. 
 
 I'ul riiui ria iiiii ii iiK'rahilis Kathv. Plate XVI, figs. 1, 2. 
 
 On soft maple (Ace}' sp.), white elm ( Ulnius americana), honey 
 locust sp.), black walnut nigra), in the vicinity of 
 
 Lawrence, and on maple near Kansas City. 
 
 MEASUREMENTS IN MICROMILLIMETERS. 
 
 Maple 
 
 Honey-locust . 
 Walnut 
 
 White elm. 
 
 HOST. 
 
 1 
 
 •> 
 
 :t 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 7 
 
 H 
 
 Maple 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 G3 
 
 51 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 24 
 
 45 
 
 Honey-locust 
 
 39 
 
 42 
 
 G9 
 
 45 
 
 .30 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 45 
 
 Walnut 
 
 45 
 
 48 
 
 G3 
 
 51 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 24 
 
 45 
 
 (t 
 
 45 
 
 51 
 
 GG 
 
 60 
 
 36 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 42 
 
 Antennau Segments. 
 
 Legs. 
 
 Coxa. 
 
 Troch. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Tibia. 
 
 Tarsi. 
 
 Claws. 
 
 9G 
 
 60 
 
 175 
 
 1.35 
 
 105 
 
 108 
 
 30 
 
 180 
 
 135 
 
 78 
 
 27 
 
 90 
 
 60 
 
 147 
 
 129 
 
 66 
 
 24 
 
 108 
 
 .30 
 
 180 
 
 1.50 
 
 84 
 
 25 
 
 
 63 
 
 174 
 
 1.59 
 
 90 
 
 21 
 
 ViilrhKiriit j>raiii, n. sp. Plate XVI, fig. 3; plate XVII; plate XVIII, 
 
 figs. 1, 2. 
 
 Scale of female. Before the formation of the ovisac the scale is 
 not unlike that of the fully mature Lcoanium hesperidum, of delicate 
 texture, plane surface, oval, 1-1.7 mm. in width, 1..5-2.i) mm. long. 
 After oviposition the scale becomes more dense, recurved, plicate, 
 when boiled in KOH and .spread out under cover glass measures 
 about 3 mm. in width and 4 mm. in length. Marginal spines simple. 
 The base of ovisac ranges from '> to 7 mm. in length and from 3 to 5 
 mm. in width. 
 
 The larvm settle on the twigs and both sides of the leaves, prefer- 
 ably the under side, in either case choosing positions alongside the 
 
HUNTER : COCCIL).E OF KANSAS, III. 
 
 .-33 
 
 veins. Longiiiulinal median earina prominent, undisturbed by shriv- 
 eling of the body in the dried specimens. 
 
 The following measurements will show the characteristic structure 
 of legs and antennm of the adult female : 
 
 Antennal Segments. 
 
 
 1 
 
 •> 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 <> 
 
 7 
 
 M 
 
 Scale on leaves 
 
 T)? 
 
 75 
 
 84 
 
 (i.3 
 
 39 
 
 30 
 
 .36 
 
 51 
 
 Scale on twigs 
 
 51 
 
 ()() 
 
 84 
 
 48 
 
 .36 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 Segments of Leg. 
 
 
 Coxa. 
 
 Tro. 
 
 Femur. 
 
 Tibia. 
 
 Tarsus. 
 
 Claw. 
 
 Breadth 
 of femur. 
 
 Scale on leaves: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cephalic leg 
 
 120 
 
 1.35 
 
 240 
 
 2.55 
 
 108 
 
 30 
 
 Ill 
 
 Median leg 
 
 165 
 
 180 
 
 300 
 
 285 
 
 114 
 
 45 
 
 111 
 
 Posterior leg 
 
 180 
 
 180 
 
 300 
 
 255 
 
 115 
 
 45 
 
 105 
 
 Scale on iwU/: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cephalic leg 
 
 1.35 
 
 150 
 
 249 
 
 270 
 
 96 
 
 24 
 
 96 
 
 Median leg 
 
 159 
 
 174 
 
 285 
 
 240 
 
 105 
 
 36 
 
 108 
 
 Posterior leg 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 
 276 
 
 246 
 
 108 
 
 30 
 
 93 
 
 The above measurements were so characteristic, differing essentially 
 (being in most cases uniformly larger) from either material or de- 
 scription before me, that I sent mounts, specimens in situ and notes 
 to Dr. Howard, for comparison with departmental collections. In 
 a letter he says; “I have asked Mr. Pergande to give it a careful ex- 
 amination, and he reports that it is apparently an undescribed species. 
 We have received it before, and it bears the biologic number in our 
 collection ‘(5222.’ Wo have received it from Charleston and Florence, 
 8. C., both in 1891.” 
 
 In our own collections it bears the lot number 399, which refers to 
 like number in accession book. It is here recorded as being received 
 from Wichita, Kan., July 23, 189.5. The accompanying letter stated 
 that these insects have been infesting the trees for three or four years. 
 
 On the twigs of this same plum tree Aspidiotus anci/ltis and 
 pidiotiis forbesi were present. This is the second instance of the. as- 
 sociation in goodly numbers of these two species, the first being lot 
 D, on crab-apple.'* 
 
 A number of the scales of P. prmii showed the effects of parasites. 
 A specimen was sent to Doctor Howard, who finds it to be Coccopha- 
 (JUS lecanii Fitch. 
 
 J‘<i rtdtorid Comstock. Plate XIX, figs. 1, 2. 
 
 This species is ditferentiated by Comstock from its nearest ally, 
 Pavlatoria proteus Curt., principally by the shape of scale of female ; 
 
 4. Tliis lot was discussed iu this journal, vol. VIII, No. 1. p. 3. Mention is there made of the 
 presence of another species besides .1. forbeat upon the crab tree, but the determination of the 
 second species as .1. ancjjlus was not given at that time. 
 
34 
 
 HUNTER: C'OCUID.E OP KANSAS, III. 
 
 circular in pergandei, oblong in proteus; by the fourth lobe : present 
 in pergandei, absent in proteus. 
 
 It is upon these characters that specimens in hand are determined 
 as pergandei. Comstock’s comparisons were probably made without 
 specimens of proteus at hand, since he mentions in a foot-note Sig- 
 noret’s figures and description.'’ Later, however, Comstock speaks of 
 receiving siiecimens of proteus from Signoret," confirming his con- 
 ception of this species. 
 
 The exact status of pergandei, however, does not seem to be fully 
 settled. Professor Cockerell in his first check-list cites pergandei as 
 a distinct species," and in his first suiijilement it is located as a variety 
 of proteus* I have received it from Mr. Craw on orange from the 
 type locality, Florida, labeled in agreement with Cockerell’s supple- 
 ment. Mr. C. L. Marlatt, who is now studying the genus, says “per- 
 gandei Comst. (merges into proteus Curt.)”" Doctors Berlese and 
 Leonardi place Comstock’s variety of pergandei, oamelue, as protexis, 
 var. carnelia’,^* and other instances likewise might be cited. 
 
 With pergandei on orange branches from Florida (Craw), the per- 
 gandci under consideration on orange leaves and branches from a 
 Lawrence greenhouse, pr.deus on Pinus insignis from Perth, Aus- 
 tralia (Ckll.), and proteus on leaf of an orchid, Watagode, Ceylon 
 ((rreen), before me, the following notes are made: Regarding the 
 form of scale of female, I find “circular” scales among proteus and 
 “elongate” scales among pergandei. No steadfast distinction either 
 in shape or color of the female scale can therefore bo noticed. Con- 
 cerning the pygidium, the proteus on Pinus and the orchid show, in 
 accordance with Comstock, the presence of plates in the location 
 where the pointed fourth lobe is found in pergandei. Proteus further 
 shows marginal undulations apparently independent of the lobes, the 
 crests situated bmioath (ventral aspect) the lobes and extending out 
 about one-third the length of the lobes. These undulations are shown 
 in the figure and are characteristic of the proteus on Pinus. They 
 are not noticeable on the orchid insects. 
 
 Proteus, further, is not recoi'ded, as far as I can ascertain, existing 
 upon orange. I have received specimens in exchange on orange la- 
 beled but discriminations made upon the above basis showed 
 the insects to be undoubtedly pergandei. Tlie undulations along the 
 jiosterior margin oi proteus may be fairly constant; their presence in 
 this one lot on Pinus does not warrant a statement of their piu'ma- 
 
 5. Rop. Coram’r A(?r. 1880, p. 327. 
 
 6. 2(1 Rep. Dept. Kut. Cornell Univ. 1883, p. 114. 
 
 7. Boll. III. St. Lnl)., vol. IV, p. 'm, 1896. 
 
 8. Bull. 111. St. Lab., vol. V, p. 397, 1899. 
 
 9. Marlatt, MSS. 
 
 10. Cliormothoca Italia, Fascicola I, No. 2. 
 
HUNTER : COCCID.'E OP KANSAS, III. 
 
 35 
 
 nence. The question then arises, Are the distinctions surrounding the 
 fourth-lobe position of specific moment V In some genera they would 
 not be. In Parlatoria all species are closely related, and hence dis- 
 tinctive structural characteristics, though slight, are of greater weight 
 than in genera where distinctions are more marked. The presence of 
 tlie fourth lobe, rudimentary, with papillar termination, then, should 
 differentiate the species P. peryandei from the species P. proteus 
 with its fourth rudimentary lobe showing iilates extending beyond its 
 caudal margin. 
 
 NOTES AND CORRIGIENDA. 
 
 Part 1. 
 
 Aii)yidiotus obscurus Comstock as recorded was represented by only a few 
 individuals upon one tree. I have since (October, 1899) found two black oak 
 trees quite generally infested on both trunk and limbs. These trees are in a 
 forest near Holton, Jackson county, Kansas. 
 
 On page 4, and wherever it occurs thereafter, the specific term ancyclun 
 should be ancylus. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Lecanium canadense Ckll. Occurred sparsely when found at time of col- 
 lection, April, 1898. Last year the same conditions existed. This season it 
 appears to be abundant upon elms in Lawrence and vicinity; in some cases 
 assembled in clusters. I have found a species, alike in form, size, and color upon 
 hickory, a suggestion for further observations upon the status of caryai and 
 canadense. 
 
 Lccaniuni cockcrelU Hunter. This species has been found on plum in 
 Nebraska ( Bruner MSS.) I have found it on hickory this season (May ) near Law- 
 rence. The scale on hickory was well covered with a pruinose coating. 
 
 Lecanium rnaclura'. being preoccupied, the term Lccaniuni aurantiacuin 
 is now offered in substitution. 
 
 Measurements of length and breadth of bodies of scales contain thereafter 
 the abbreviation , which should be nun. 
 
C0CCID5: OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Additional Species, Food-plants and Bibliography of Kansas Ooccidae, with 
 Appendix on other Species Eeported from Kansas. 
 
 By S. J. HUNTER. With plate ■■■ 
 
 A. — Additional Species. 
 
 XX 
 
 Kermes piibcscens Bogue. Plate m, fig. 1. 
 
 Oa white oak, Lawrence, Douglas county. 
 
 Kermes nivalis King and Ckll. Plate fig. 2. 
 
 On white oak, Lawrence, Douglas county. 
 
 XX 
 
 Orthezia yratninis Tinsley. Plate ■BB, figs. 3, 1. 
 
 On goldenrod {Solidago sp.). Blue Rapids, Marshall county. Mrs. 
 8. G. Cady, collector. 
 
 B.— Food-plants of Kansas Ooccidae. 
 
 In order to understand the significance or importance of the food- 
 plants of Coccidte, or scale-insects, some knowledge of the life and 
 habits of the insect is necessary. Scale-insects are plant parasites 
 and locate themselves upon the bark or outer covering of the plants. 
 They have long, slender beaks, which they are able to insert into the 
 tissues of the plants and draw therefrom the plant juices. Some scale- 
 insects choose but a single host-plant, and others seem to be able to 
 subsist upon a very great variety of plants. This adaptability to va- 
 rious food-plants has much to do with the numbers of the several 
 species in existence. It is evident that if a species of insect has to de- 
 pend exclusively upon a single plant variety, the chances of life for 
 this insect would decrease with a decrease in numbers of the host ; 
 while, on the other hand, scale-insects which have the power to adapt 
 themselves to a number of jfiants have greater chances of life and 
 better opijortunities for numerical increase. In animal parasitism 
 the parasite tends to inci’ease as the host increases. The increase of 
 the parasite, however, is generally in a greater ratio than the increase 
 of the host, so that the parasite frequently becomes so numerous as 
 to destroy or greatly curtail the increase of the host, and then the 
 parasite must succumb likewise, or adapt itself to new conditions. 
 8uch relations between host and parasite exist to a certain extent be- 
 
 [107|-K.U.Qi-.-.y ![3-July. ’01. 
 
•PS KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 r'S*. 
 
 tween the scale-insects and their respectivt^ftsts. A study of the 
 food-plants, therefore, of the scale-insects, becomes a matter of con- 
 siderable importance in determining the continuation of a species and 
 the possibilities of its numerical increase. The insects herein dis- 
 cussed have been found on certain food-plants in Kansas. They have 
 likewise been found by other authorities on other food-plants in other 
 parts of the globe. A record of each of these discoveries is given in 
 the following pages : 
 
 Aspuliotus forheni Johns. 
 
 Honey-locust, Oleditschia tricanthos (Johns.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 738. 
 Peach, Prunus, Okll., ibid., p. 740. 
 
 Apricot, Prunus urmeniacH, Johns., Ent. News, p. 151 (1896). 
 
 Garden currant, Ribes ruhrum, ibid. 
 
 Ash, Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., p. 229 (1897). 
 
 Crab-apple, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII., No. 1, p. 4 (Jan. 1899). 
 
 Pear, Johns., 111. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 381. 
 
 Plum, ibid. 
 
 Apple, ibid. 
 
 Quince, ibid. 
 
 Currant, ibid. 
 
 Wild and cultivated cherry, Ainygdalus persica, Leonard!, Riv. di Pat. Veg., 
 p. 43 (1897). 
 
 Acer fraxinns, ibid. 
 
 Staphjjlea Irifoliata, ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus ancj/ltts Putnam. 
 
 Linden, Comstock, 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Box-elder, Negundo sp., Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 735. 
 
 -Apricot, Prunus armeniacum, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 741. 
 
 Plum, Prunus dornestiea, in Santa F^, N. M.. Ckll., ibid. 
 
 Black currant, Ribes sp., Ckll., -Am. Nat., p. 731 (1895). 
 
 Oaks, Comstock, 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Beech, ibid., p. 139. 
 
 Water locust, ibid., p. 140. 
 
 Ilex verticiUata, Felt., Bull. N. Y. Mus., VI, No. 31, p. 617 (1900). 
 
 Hemlock, ibid. 
 
 Mountain ash, ibid. 
 
 Willow, Felt., Bull. N. Y. Mus., V, No. 23, p. 261 (1898). 
 
 -Apple, ibid. 
 
 Elm, ibid. 
 
 Pear, Gillette and Baker, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 31, Tech. Ser., No. 1, p. 128. 
 Black maple, Newell, Cont. Iowa St. Col. Agr., No. 3, p. 8. 
 
 Birch, ibid. 
 
 Snowball, ibid. 
 
 Oleditschia tricanthos, -Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 323 (1898). 
 
 Quercus wrightii, Ckll., Can. Ent., vol. 28, p. 226 (1896). 
 
 Cottonwood, Gillette, Colo. Agr. Col. Ex. Sta., Bull. No. ,38, 1898, p. 36. 
 
 Spirea amicus, King, Can. Ent., p. 226, vol. — .♦ 
 
 *The separates of the CanadiaD Eutoinolugist have no dale marks. It has been, therefore, 
 impo.'-sible to locate accurately all references as to recent numbers of this magazine, since the 
 department numbers, are at the bindery. 
 
HUNTER : COCCIDjE OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Honey-locust, King, Can. Ent., p. 226, vol. — . 
 
 Quince, ibid. 
 
 Maple, Putnam, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. II, p. .346. 
 
 Peach, Comstock, U. S. Dept. Rept. Com. Agr., 1880, p. 59. 
 
 Osage orange, ibid. 
 
 Hackberry, ibid. 
 
 Bladder-nut, ibid. 
 
 Ash, ibid. 
 
 Chestnut, in U. S. Dept. Agr. Coll. Howard. 
 
 Cratcegus, ibid. 
 
 FAagnm reflexa, ibid. 
 
 Lonicera, ibid. 
 
 Syringa, ibid. 
 
 Prunus pissardi, ibid. 
 
 A.sp idiot us uvH> Comst. 
 
 Grape, Comst., 2d Rept. Dept. Ent. Cor. Exp. Sta., p. 71, 1883. 
 
 Hickory, ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus osborui Newell. 
 
 Quercus alba, Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 6. 
 
 Ironwood, Ostrya virginica, Newell, Cont. Iowa St. Col. Agr., No. 3, p. 7. 
 
 Aspidiotus ulini Johns. 
 
 White elm, Ulmus americana, Johns., 111. St. Lab. Nat., vol. IV, art. 13, p. ,388. 
 Slippery or Red elm, Ulmus fulva. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 6. 
 Catalpa, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 6. 
 
 Aspidiotus fevnaldi Ckll., subsp. albiventer. 
 
 Maple, Acer sp.. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 7. 
 
 Asjyidiotus obscurus Comst. 
 
 Willow oak, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 140. 
 
 Black oak, Quercus sp.. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 7. 
 
 Chestnut, Hunter, found in Miami county, Kansas, June, 1901. 
 
 Aspidiotus Juglatis-regiw Comst. 
 
 Peach, Prunus or Amygdalus persica, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 740. 
 English walnut, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 61. 
 
 Prune, Prunus sp. (Ehrhorn), Ckll., Can. Ent., 1895, p. 260. 
 
 Crab apple, Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 8. 
 
 Pear, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 62. 
 
 Cherry, ibid. 
 
 Locust, ibid. 
 
 Ash, Pernald, Pa. Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 43, p. 20. 
 
 Currant, Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 230, 1897. 
 
 Aspidiotus peril ieiosiis. 
 
 Cherry, Howard, Bull. 12, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., p. 13. 
 
 English huckleberry, ibid. 
 
 Black walnut, ibid. 
 
 Japan walnut, ibid. 
 
 English willow, ibid. 
 
 »-K.U.Qr. A— x3 
 
(I 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Golden willow, Bull. 12, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., p. 13. 
 
 Rocky Mountain dwarf cherry, ibid. 
 
 Flowering quince, ibid. 
 
 Japanese quince, ibid. 
 
 Strawberry, ibid. 
 
 Black currant, ibid. 
 
 Lombardy poplar, ibid. 
 
 Carolina poplar, ibid. 
 
 Golden-leaved poplar, ibid. 
 
 Silver maple, ibid. 
 
 Cut-leaved birch, ibid. 
 
 Mountain ash, ibid. 
 
 Milkweed, ibid. 
 
 Catalpa npecioia, ibid. 
 
 Actinidia, ibid. 
 
 Citrus Irifoliata, ibid. 
 
 Red dogwood, ibid. 
 
 Snowball, Viburnum, ibid. 
 
 Juneberry, ibid. 
 
 Loquat, ibid. 
 
 Laurel, ibid. 
 
 Akehia, ibid. 
 
 White currant, Lochhead, Ont. Dept. Agr., p. 31, Mar. 1900. 
 
 White ash, ibid. 
 
 Ornamental birch, ibid. 
 
 Maple leaf, ibid. 
 
 Rhubarb, ibid. 
 
 Hemp, ibid. 
 
 Lamb’s- quarters, ibid. 
 
 Garden knotweed, ibid. 
 
 Mustard, ibid. 
 
 Beggar-ticks, ibid. 
 
 Goose-foot, ibid. 
 
 Ragweed, ibid. 
 
 Sunflower, ibid. 
 
 Weeping willow. Smith, Rept. N. J. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., p. 517, 1896. 
 Laurel-leaved willow, ibid. 
 
 Kilmarnock willow, ibid. 
 
 Linden, ibid. 
 
 English walnut, ibid. 
 
 Flowering currant, ibid. 
 
 Euonymus, ibid. 
 
 Gooseberry, ibid. 
 
 Persimmon, Ebenacem, ibid. 
 
 Acacia, Leguminose®, ibid. 
 
 Elm, ibid. 
 
 Osage orange, ibid. 
 
 Pecan, ibid. 
 
 Hickory, ibid. 
 
 Alder, ibid. 
 
 Chestnut, ibid. 
 
 Oak, ibid. 
 
HUNTER ; COCCID^ OP 
 
 KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Sumac, Smith, Kept. N. J. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., p. 547, 1896. 
 
 Grape, ibid. 
 
 Catalpa bignoniodes, (Howard), Ckll., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech Ser., 
 No. 6, p. 17. 
 
 Crab-apple, Ckll., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6. 
 
 Bartlett pear, ibid. 
 
 Dwarf Duchess pear, ibid. 
 
 Pyrua japonica, ibid. 
 
 Satsuma plum, ibid. 
 
 Prunus pissardi, ibid. 
 
 Prunus mariiimi, ibid. 
 
 Citrus cdbapanetatus, ibid. 
 
 Cottonwood, ibid. 
 
 European linden, ibid. 
 
 Apple, Pyrus malus, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Apricot, Prunus armeniaco, ibid. 
 
 Crab grass, Johnson, Bull. No. 57, Md. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. Cl, 1898. 
 
 Peach, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 740. 
 
 Rose, Ckll., Amer. Nat., p. 726, 1895. 
 
 Almond, Fernald, Bull. 36, Mass. Agr. Col., p. 19. 
 
 Spirea, ibid. 
 
 Raspberry, ibid. 
 
 Hawthorn, ibid. 
 
 Cotoneaster, ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus greenii Ckll. 
 
 Palm, Howea belmoreana, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 11.* 
 
 Banana, Townsend, An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, III, p. 169.* 
 
 Cycas (Green), Ckll., Bull. Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6, p. 27.* 
 
 House palm, Ckll., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIV, pp. 184, 185, Aug. 1898.* 
 
 Palm, Seaforthia elegans, Ckll., Entom., XXXII, p. 93, Apr. 1899.* 
 
 Guava, Ckll. and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 277, May, 1899 * 
 
 Vine leaves, ibid.* 
 
 Aspidiotus liederte Ball., var. nerii Bouche. 
 
 Madrone, Arbutus menziesii, Coquillett, Bull. 26, Div.Ent.U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 20. 
 Century plant. Agave americana, ibid. 
 
 Lilac, Syringa vulgaris, ibid. 
 
 Nightshade, Solanuni douglasii, ibid. 
 
 China tree, ibid. 
 
 English ivy, ibid. 
 
 Oak, Quercus agrifolia, ibid. 
 
 •Arborvitse, Thuja occidentalis, on cones of, ibid. 
 
 Acacia, Comstock, 2d Rept. Corn. Univ. Exp. Sta., 1883, p. 13. 
 
 Cherry, ibid. 
 
 Currant, ibid. 
 
 Grass, ibid. 
 
 Clover, ibid. 
 
 Orange tree, ibid. 
 
 Lemon, ibid. 
 
 Maple, ibid. 
 
 •Those SQCceeded by a star were kindly furaUhed by Mr. Kotinsky, through Dr. Howard. 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 1 % 
 
 Melia, Comstock, 2d Kept. Corn. Univ. Exp. Sta., 1883, p. 13. 
 
 Oleander, ibid. 
 
 Plum, ibid. 
 
 Yucca, ibid. 
 
 Coprosma lueida, Masked, Sea. Ins. N. Z., p. 45. 
 
 Coryno'carpus IcBvigatce, ibid. 
 
 Orchids, Gardners’ Chronicle, May 6, 1893, p. 548. 
 
 New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax, Comst., 2d Corn. Rept., p. 140. 
 
 Holly, Comst., ibid. 
 
 Boxwood, Comst., 2d Corn. Rept., p. 1.39. 
 
 Oleander (Ckll.), Gillette, Colo. Agr. Col. Ex. Sta., Bull. No. 31, Tech. Ser., No. 1, 
 
 p. 128. 
 
 Orange (Ckll.), Gillette, ibid. 
 
 Lemon (Ckll.), Gillette, ibid. 
 
 Fracaena (Ckll.), Gillette, ibid. 
 
 Olive, Olea europea, Ckll., Jour. Trin. Nat. Fid. Club, vol. II, No. 12, p. 307. 
 Magnolia grandi flora, ibid. 
 
 Rose, Townsend, Tech. Ser., No. 4, Div. Ent., p. 11. 
 
 Palo dulce, ibid. 
 
 Lace fern, Johnson, Div. Ent., n. ser.. No. 6, pp. 75-78 (1896). 
 
 Sweet lime (fruit), Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 167, Feb. 1899. 
 
 Pinus (leaves), ibid. 
 
 Ivy, Hedera helix, Saccardo, Rivista Pat. Veg., IV, p. 50, 1895 (1895- 96). 
 Nerium oleander, ibid, p. 49. 
 
 “Trueno,” Cockerell, Biol. Cent. Amer., II, part 2, p. 20, Dec. 1899. 
 
 Palms, King, Can. Ent., XXXI, p. 225, Aug. 1899. 
 
 Cycns, ibid. 
 
 Heather, Erica, ibid. 
 
 Vycas revoluti, Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., V, p. 230, 1897 (1898). 
 
 Arica, Cockerell, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 255, No. 55, Apr. 1893. 
 
 Tea, Green, Indian Mus. Notes, IV, No. 1, p. 4, 1896 (reprint, p. 3). 
 
 Loranthua, ibid. 
 
 Dalbergia, ibid. 
 
 Ariatea major, Indian Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 69, Mar. 1897. 
 
 Auenba, Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIIl, pp. 151, 152, Dec. 1896. 
 
 Azalea, ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus aiscull Johns., subsp. aolua, subsp. nov. Hunter. 
 Juglnna nigra. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 12. 
 
 Mgtilttsjns pomoruin Bouche. 
 
 Apple, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 139. 
 
 Basswood, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XI, p. 730. 
 
 Bladder-nut, Stajihylea (Comst.), ibid., p. 736. 
 
 Broom, Cytiaus aco 2 iciriua, Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 138, 189.3. 
 
 Cultivated locust, Robinia paeudacacia, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 738. 
 Hawthorn, Cratcegua oxycantha, ibid., p. 744. 
 
 Wild gooseberry, Ribea cynoabufi. Country Gentleman, p. 27, Jan. 16, 1895. 
 Cornua californieua (Harvey), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 735. 
 
 Pear, Maskell, Scale Insects of N. Z., p. 52 (1887). 
 
 Plum, ibid. 
 
 Peach, ibid. 
 
HUNTER : COCCID^ OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Apricot, Maskell, Scale Insects of N. Z., p. 52 ( 1887 ). 
 
 Lilac, ibid. 
 
 Thorn, ibid. 
 
 Sycamore, ibid. 
 
 Cottoneaster, ibid. 
 
 Foliis variegalua (Harvey), Ckll., Proo. Nat. M., XIX, p. 752. 
 
 Cornua af6a (Harvey ), ibid. 
 
 Fraxinua americanua, Country Gentleman, p. 27, Jan. 10, 1895. 
 
 Planera (Comst.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, 766. 
 
 Yucca, Comet., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Poplar, Bull. N. Y. Mus., 13th Kept. St. Ent. p. 374, 1897. 
 
 Magnolia, umbrella, ibid. 
 
 Privet, Bull. N. Y. Mus., V, No. 23, p. 261, Dec. 1898. 
 
 Quince, Hunter, K. U. Bull. Dept. Ent., p. 25, 1898. 
 
 Hop-tree, Hunter, ibid. 
 
 Buckthorn, ibid. 
 
 Raspberry, ibid. 
 
 Grape-vines, Berlese and Leonardi, Rivista Pat. Veg., Ill, p. 347, 1895 (1891-’95).* 
 Citrous plants, ibid.* 
 
 Linden, Comstock, Rept. U. S. D. A., 1880, pp. 325, .326, pi. xix, fig. 2.* 
 Amorpha (an exotic), ibid. 
 
 Water locust, ibid. 
 
 Raspberry, ibid. 
 
 Ribea alpcrum, ibid. 
 
 Lonicera pulverulenta, ibid. 
 
 Planera kaku, ibid. 
 
 Pennsylvania maple, Hopkins, Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 218, 1896.* 
 
 Cornua caUfornicua, Ckll., Can. Ent., XXVII, pp. 259, 260, 1895.* 
 
 Viburnum, King, Can. Ent., XXXI, p. 228, Aug. 1899.* 
 
 Spirwa aruncua, ibid. 
 
 Cornua alfernifoHa, ibid. 
 
 Ailanlhua glandulosus, Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. — , Nov. 1897.* 
 Stillingia aebifera, ibid. 
 
 Common broom, Sarothamnus acopariua, Newstead, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIX, 
 p. 138, 1893.* 
 
 Ci/lisua nubigenua, ibid.* 
 
 Cocoa- palm leaves, Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXV, p. 350, Aug. 1889.* 
 
 Currant, Hunter, Bull. Dept. Ent., p. 25, Jan. 1898. 
 
 Horse-chestnut, ibid. 
 
 Maple, ibid. 
 
 Water locust, ibid. 
 
 Honeysuckle, ibid. 
 
 Elm, ibid. 
 
 Hackberry, ibid. 
 
 Cottonwood, ibid. 
 
 Willow, ibid. 
 
 Wild red cherry, Lochhead, Ont. Dept. Agr., p. 41, Mar. 1900. 
 
 Grape, ibid. 
 
 Spirea, ibid. 
 
 Juneberry, ibid. 
 
 Birch, ibid. 
 
 Rose, ibid. 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 
 Bittersweet, Lochhead, Out. Dept. Agr., p. 41, Mar. 1900. 
 
 Walnut, Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 140. 
 
 Butternut, ibid. 
 
 Sycamore (Maskell), Ckll., Proc. Nat. Mus., vol. XIX, p. 7.36. 
 
 Diaspis stiowii Hunter. 
 
 Salix nigra, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 1, p. 15. 
 
 Lecani am [Maclurm) aurantiacnni Hunter. 
 
 Osage orange, Madura aurantiaca, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 68. 
 
 Lecniiiutn cauadense Ckll. 
 litmus racemosa, Ckll., Can. Ent., p. 254, 1895. 
 
 Ulinus americana (Glenn), Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 69. 
 
 Lecanium, hansasense Hunter. 
 
 Cersis canadensis, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 69. 
 
 Juglans nigra. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 70. 
 
 Ulmus fulva. Hunter, ibid. 
 
 Lecanium cockerelli, nov. sp., Hunter. 
 
 Ulmus amerieana. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 70. 
 
 Juglans-nigra, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 71. 
 
 Oak, Quercus sp.. King, Can. Ent., vol. — , p. 252. 
 
 Sweet fern, Comptonia asplenifolia, ibid. 
 
 Plum, Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. IX, Ser. A, No. 2, p. 107, Apr. 1900. 
 Hickory, ibid. 
 
 Populus sp.. King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Wild crab-apple on University campus. Hunter. 
 
 Lecanium armeniacu m Craw. 
 
 Plum, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 71. 
 
 Grape-vine, Country Gentleman, June 16, 1898. 
 
 English gooseberry. Felt., Bull. N. Y. Mus., VI, No. 31, p. 617. 
 
 Apricot, Webster, Can. Ent., XXX, No. IV, 1898. 
 
 Prune, ibid. 
 
 Cherry, ibid. 
 
 Pear, ibid. 
 
 Peach, Cockerell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 257, Dec. 1899.* 
 
 Ijccanium hesperidum Linnicus. 
 
 Pitlosporum (Coq.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 727. 
 
 Tea plant. Camellia, ibid., p. 728. 
 
 .Abutilon, Gillette and Baker, ibid., p. 729. 
 
 Citrus tree, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 1.39. 
 
 Holly, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 733. 
 
 Grape-vine, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26. 
 
 Rhus integrifolia (Coq.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 736. 
 
 Schinus mollc, ibid., p. 737. 
 
 Cultivated locust, Rohinia }>seudacacio, ibid., p. 738. 
 
 Apricot, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26. 
 
 Rose, ibid. 
 
4i 
 
 hunter: coccid^ of Kansas, iv. 
 
 Loquat, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26. 
 
 Ash, ibid. 
 
 Box, Buxuk sempervirens, Masked, Sea. Ins. N. Z., p. 111. 
 
 Willow, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26. 
 
 Lombardy poplar, ibid. 
 
 Orchid, Dendrobium, Ckll., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 49. 
 llippeastrum equestre, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 777. 
 
 Palm, Ckll., Ins. Life, VI, p. 103. 
 
 Calla lily, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 26. 
 
 English ivy, Iledera helix. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 75. 
 
 Oleander, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Rubber tree. Ficus macroqihylla, Coq., Bull. 26, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., 
 
 p. 26. 
 
 Euonymus, ibid. 
 
 Maple, .,4cer dasyoarpum, ibid. - 
 Rhamus crocea, ibid. 
 
 Heteromeles arbutifolia, ibid. 
 
 Fig, ibid. 
 
 House fern, N. Y. Mus., 13th Kept., p. .374, 1897. 
 
 English laurel. Felt., Bull. N. Y. Mus., V, No. 23, p. 260. 
 
 Aralia, Gillette and Baker, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 31, Tech. Ser., No. 1, p. 127. 
 Ficus elastica, ibid. 
 
 Rhynchospermum jasimoides, ibid. 
 
 Vei-onica /lencfersonte, Gillette and Baker, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 31, Tech. 
 Ser., No. 1, p. 127. 
 
 “Fitolaca,” Townsend, Bull. 4, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent. U. S. D. A., pp. 11 and 13, 
 1896.* 
 
 Guava, ibid.* 
 
 Maitenus boaria, Cockerell, Act. Soc. Sci. Chili, V, p. XXIV, 1895.* 
 
 Areca catechu, Ckll., Insect Life, V, p. 159, 1893.* 
 
 Pepper tree, Riley and Howard, Insect Life, IV, p. 294, 1892.* 
 
 Bertolonia marchanti. Green, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 71, Mar. 1897.* 
 Lucuma multiflora. Green, ibid.* 
 
 Dalbergia lanceolaria, ibid.* 
 
 Iledera amurensis, ibid.* 
 
 Carica papaia. Masked, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 243, Nov. 1897.* 
 
 "Ohia,” , ibid.* 
 
 Lecanium voffeat Walker. 
 
 Sword fern, Pteris, Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 75. 
 
 Tea plant. Camellia, Cotes, Ind. Mus. Notes, 1895. 
 
 Coffee, Coff'ece sp., Ckll., Bud. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, p. 71, 1894. 
 
 Orange, King, Can. Ent., p. 140, vol. — . 
 
 Diospyros, ibid. 
 
 Oleander, ibid. 
 
 Chrysophyllum, ibid. 
 
 Sago palm, ibid. 
 
 Croton varieyatum, ibid. 
 
 Cycas reitoluta, Ckll. and Parrott, Industrialist, May, 1899, p. 276.* 
 
 Psidium, Hempel, Riv. Mus. Paulista, IV, p. 426, 1900.* 
 
 Gardenia, Atkinson, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LV, pt. II, No. 3, pp. 282-284, 
 1886.* 
 
 Gardenia florida, Masked, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 243, Nov. 1897.* 
 
KAXSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 4,11 
 
 Lecanium oleat Bernard. 
 
 Camellia, Camellia japonioa, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 52S. 
 “Brachmton,” meaning perhaps Brachychiton, ibid., p. 730. 
 Lignum-vitae, Ouaiacum officinale, ibid., p. 731. 
 
 Holly (Coq.), Ckll., ibid., p. 733. 
 
 Euonymus sp. (Coq.), Ckll., ibid., p. 731. 
 
 Grape-vine, Vitis inconslans, Ins. Life, 1893, p. IGO. 
 
 Sycamore (Coq.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 7.36. 
 
 Schinus molle, in Mexico (Coq.), ibid., p. 737. 
 
 Apricot, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Rose, ibid. 
 
 Guava (Coq.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 748. 
 
 Pomegranate, Punica granatum, Ckll., ibid., p. 750. 
 
 Cape jessamine. Gardenia jasinoides (Comst.), Ckll., ibid., p. 752. 
 Ariemisia caiifornica (Coq.), Ckll., ibid., p. 754. 
 
 Ash, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr,, p. 28. 
 
 Lingustrum lucidum, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 28. 
 Red pepper, ibid. 
 
 Phoradendron flavescens (Johns.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 764. 
 In Calif. Enfagus sp., Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 28. 
 Cf/eas revoluta, Coq., ibid., p. 29. 
 
 Hippeastrum equeatre, in Mexico, Ckll., Ins. Life, V, p. 245. 
 
 Palm, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 140. 
 
 Oleander, Nerium oleander, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr. 
 Photinia or Heleromeles arbutifolia, ibid, p. 28. 
 
 Citrus, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 140. 
 
 Olive, ibid. 
 
 Live oak. Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, p. 12, 1894. 
 
 Peas, ibid. 
 
 Plum, Ckll., Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, p. 12, 1894. 
 
 Bittersweet, ibid. 
 
 Apple, ibid. 
 
 Eucalyptus sp., ibid. 
 
 Almond, ibid., p. 72. 
 
 Acer dasycarpum, ibid. 
 
 Artemisia caiifornica, ibid. 
 
 Abutilon, ibid. 
 
 Rhus integrifolia (Coq.), ibid. 
 
 Baccharis virminalis, ibid. 
 
 Pious macrophylla, ibid. 
 
 Habrothamuus elegans, ibid. 
 
 Irish juniper, ibid. 
 
 Myosporum, ibid. 
 
 Melaleuca purpurea, ibid. 
 
 English laurel, ibid. 
 
 Beech, ibid. 
 
 Rhannus crooea, ibid. 
 
 Orevillea robusta, ibid. 
 
 Liguslrum ja 2 ionicum, ibid. 
 
 Indian cedar, ibid. 
 
 Cedar of Lebanon, ibid. 
 
 Castor-bean, ibid. 
 
HUNTER : COCCIDiE OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Sonchus oleracens, Ckll., Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, p. 12, 1894. 
 
 Abutilon, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 29. 
 
 Naphitum litschii, Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., p. 226, 1897. 
 
 Lombardy poplar, Coq., Bull. 26, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. •\gr., p. 28. 
 
 Pepper tree, ibid. 
 
 Solanum jasimoides, Gillette and Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Exp. Sta., p. 127, May, 
 1895.* 
 
 Platycerium alcicorne, ibid.* 
 
 Eriodendron, Ckll., Appdx. Bull. Misc. Information (Trinidad), II, pp.Sand 4, 
 No. 23, Apr. 1896.* 
 
 Fern, Ckll., Amer. Nat., XXIX, p. 727, Aug. 1895.* 
 
 Cassinia ceptophylla, Maskell, XVil, p. 28, 1884 (1885).* 
 
 Calabassa tree, Busck., Bull. 22, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. D. A., p. 92, 1900.* 
 Honey- locust, ibid.* 
 
 Ouazuma ulmifolia, ibid.* 
 
 Terminalia catappa, ibid.* 
 
 Meyenia alba, Ckll., Insect Life, V, p. 160, 1893.* 
 
 Mango , ibid.* 
 
 Yucca, Ckll., Can. Ent., XXVII, p. 257, Sept. 1895.* 
 
 Deciduous magnolia. Craw., Bull. 4, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent. U. S. D. A., p. 40., ft.- 
 note, Apr. 1896.* 
 
 Pelargonium, Townsend, Bull. 4, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent. U. S. D. A., pp. 11 and 
 13, 1896.* 
 
 “Marguerite, ” ibid.* 
 
 Catalpa, ibid.* 
 
 Croton eluteria. Green, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 72, fig. 2, Mar. 1897.* 
 Brexia, ibid.* 
 
 Avicennia nitida, ibid.* 
 
 Elmodendron orientate, ibid.* 
 
 Carissa spinarum, ibid.* 
 
 Catesbcea spinosa, ibid.* 
 
 Arabia elegantissima, ibid.* 
 
 Macrozamia frazeri, ibid.* 
 
 Lecaniodiaspis (?) parrotti Hunter. 
 
 Aisciilus glabra. Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 76. 
 
 Leeuniodiaspis celtidis Ckll., subsp. pruinomis Hunter. 
 
 Ulmtis amcricana Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, No. 2, p. 77. 
 
 Chioiiaspis ortholobis Comst. 
 
 Willow, Salix sp., Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 140. 
 
 Cottonwood, Populus sp.. Hunter, K. U. Quart., IX, No. 2, p. 101. 
 
 Populus grandidentaia King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 C/iionaspis salieis-nif/fw Walsh. 
 
 Ash, Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Kept., p. 139. 
 
 Poplar (Osborn), Cooley, Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Coll., p. 21, Aug. 1899. 
 
 Willow, Cooley, Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Col., p. 21, Aug. 1899. 
 
 Cottonwood, ibid. 
 
 Salix alba, ibid. 
 
 Salix alba, var. camellia, ibid. 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 4S 
 
 Salix nigra, Cooley, Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Col., p. 21, Aug. 1899. 
 
 Cornus pubescens, ibid. 
 
 Cornus asperifoUa, ibid. 
 
 Balm of Gilead, ibid. 
 
 Russian poplar, ibid. 
 
 Liriodendron tulipifera, ibid. 
 
 Cornus stolonifera, ibid. 
 
 Cornus sericea, ibid. 
 
 Ceanothus, ibid. 
 
 Amelanchier canadensis, ibid. 
 
 Chionaspis amevicaua Johns. 
 
 Ulmus americana (Johns.), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 765. 
 
 Chionaspis platani Cooley. 
 
 Sycamore (Parrott), Cooley, Spec. Bull. Hatch Exp. Sta., Aug. 1899, p. .36. 
 
 Chionaspis pinifolia’ Fitch. 
 
 Pine, Comat., 2d Corn. Rept., p. 140, 1880. 
 
 Firs and spruces, Gillette and Baker, Hemiptera of Colorado, p. 129. 
 
 Pinus strobus, Cooley, Spec. Bull. Hatch Exp. Sta., Aug. 1899, p. .33. 
 
 Pinus resinosa, ibid. 
 
 Pinus excelsa, ibid. 
 
 Pinus niitis, ibid. 
 
 Pinus cembra, ibid. 
 
 Pinus pgrenaica, ibid. 
 
 Pinus laricis, ibid. 
 
 Pinus sylvesiris, ibid. 
 
 Pinus austriaca, ibid. 
 
 Pinus punilio, ibid. 
 
 Pseudolsuga taxifoUa, ibid. 
 
 Abies excelsa, ibid. 
 
 Abies nigra, ibid. 
 
 Abies alba, ibid. 
 
 Pulrina ria inn ntnefabilis Rathv. 
 
 Tilia sp., Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 730. 
 
 Puonynius (Riley), Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 7.31. 
 
 I'tfis ineonstans, also on wild grape, Ckll., Proc. Nat. M., XIX, p. 735. 
 Sycamore (Riley), Ckll., ibid., p. 7.36. 
 
 Rosa sp., Riley, Rept. Dept. Agr., 1881. 
 
 Garden currants, Ribes rubrum and Riley, Rept. Dept. Agr., 1884. 
 
 Fi-axinus nigra (Sambricifolia), Mundt, Can. Ent.,1884, p. 240. 
 
 Poplars, Populus balsamifera, ibid. 
 
 Mulberry, Morus rubra, ibid. 
 
 Oak, Q,uercus sp., Riley, Rept. Dept. Agr., 1881. 
 
 White elm, Ulmus americana Hunter, Q. U. Quart., IX, No. 12, p. 104. 
 Black walnut, Juglans nigra, ibid. 
 
 Maple, ibid. 
 
 Silver maple, Putnam, Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 294. 
 
 Beech, ibid. 
 
 Sugar maple, ibid. 
 
 Box-elder, ibid., p. .338. 
 
HUNTER : COCCIDJE OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Locust, Putnam, Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. a38. 
 
 Sumac, ibid. 
 
 Soft maple, Fitch, Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc. 1859, XIX, pp. 775, 77C. 
 Msculus flava. King, Psyche, p. 154, Jan. 1901. 
 
 Virginia creeper, ibid. 
 
 Tilia europoea, Mann, Psyche, IV, p. 221, 1884. 
 liobinia pseudacacia, ibid. 
 
 Vilis labrusca, ibid. 
 
 Jihus glabra, ibid. 
 
 Vitis riparia, ibid. 
 
 Fagua, ibid. 
 
 Salix, ibid. 
 
 Madura, ibid. 
 
 Quereus, ibid. 
 
 Ulmus, ibid. 
 
 Platanus, ibid. 
 
 Ribes, ibid. 
 
 Euongmus, ibid. 
 
 Celtio, ibid. 
 
 Morus rubra, Howard, Bull, 22, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 8, 1900. 
 Aralia japonica, ibid. 
 
 Viburnum dentatum. King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Strawberry, Forbes, 13th Ann. Kept. Insects 111., p. 98, 1883 (1884). 
 
 Pulvinaria pruni Hunter. 
 
 Plum, Hunter, K. U. Quart., IX, No. 2, p. 105. 
 
 ParUitoria pergandii Comst. 
 
 Orange, Citrus sp., Comst., 2d Corn. Univ. Rept., p. 140. 
 
 Tangerine, Felt., Bull. N. Y. St. M., VI, No. 31, p. 618. 
 
 Date palm. King, Can. Ent., p. 228. 
 
 Variegated croton, Ckll., Jour. Inst. Jamaica, I, p. 55, Feb. 1892.* 
 Chionaspis fiirf'iira Fitch. 
 
 Apple, Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta. Maes. Agr. Col., Sp. Bull., p. 28, 1899. 
 Cherry, ibid. 
 
 Currant, ibid. 
 
 Japan quince, ibid. 
 
 Crab-apple, ibid. 
 
 Mountain ash, ibid. 
 
 European mountain ash, ibid. 
 
 Black walnut, ibid. 
 
 Black-cap raspberry (Osborn), ibid. 
 
 Rhamnus ealharlicus (King), ibid. 
 
 Clelhra alnifolia (King), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus arbuli/olia (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus nigra (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus hetrophylta (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus salicifolia pendula (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus floribunda (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus spedabilis (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Pyrus pinnatofilia (Kirkland), ibid. 
 
 Ribes sanguinem (Morgan), ibid. 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Choke cherry, Prunus virginiana (Howard), King, Psyche, vol. VIII, 1899, 
 p. 335. 
 
 Black cherry, Prunus serrathia, ibid. 
 
 Wild red cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica, ibid. 
 
 Pear, Pi/rus communis, ibid. 
 
 Peach, Persica vulgaris, ibid. 
 
 Cherry currant, Ribes sp,, ibid. 
 
 Red flowering currant, Ribes sanguinem, ibid. 
 
 European mountain ash, Larbus anicuparia, ibid. 
 
 Flowering quince. King, ibid. 
 
 Shadbush, Amelanchier canadensis. 
 
 Black alder, Clethra ainifolia, ibid. 
 
 Amelanchier canadensis. King, Psyche, IX, pp. 117, 118, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Populus grandidentata, ibid. 
 
 Mgtalaspis citvicola Packard. 
 
 Citrus trees, Ckll., Proc. Nat. Mus., vol. XIX, p. 732. 
 
 Banksia integrifolia (Maskell), Ckll., ibid., 763. 
 
 Kroton (Maskell), Ckll., ibid., p. 765. 
 
 Toddalia aculeala. Green, Coccidae of Ceylon, part I, pp. 78-80, pi. XX, 1896. 
 Myrraya, Cockerell, Insect Life, p. 160, 1893*. 
 
 Cocculus indicus. Green, Indian Mus. Notes, IV, No. 1, p. 4, 1896 (reprint, p. 3).* 
 Tangerine, Riley and Howard, Insect Life, VI, p. 51, 1893. * 
 
 Taxus cuspidata. Mask., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 241, Nov. 1897. * 
 Quercus, ibid.* 
 
 Kennes puhescens Bogus. 
 
 Scrub oak, Bogue, Can. Ent., vol. .30, p. 172. 
 
 White oak, King, Quercus sp.. Can. Ent., vol. 30, p. 1.39. 
 
 Kermes ni rails King and Ckll. 
 
 Quercus alba. King, Can. Ent., vol. 30, p. 139. 
 
 Orthesia graminis Tinsley. 
 
 Culms and blades of grass, Tinsley, Can. Ent. vol. .30, p. 13, 1898. 
 
 Goldenrod, Solidago sp.. Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. X, A, p. 107.* 
 
 0.— Bibliography. 
 
 Aspidiotiis forbesi, 
 
 Aspidiotus forbesi Johnson, Ent. News, 7, No. 5, pp. 150-152, (1896). 
 
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HUNTER : COCCID^ OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 .■>1 
 
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 1899).* 
 
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 do Frank & Kruger, Schildlausbuch, pp. 74, 75, fig. 37, (1900).* 
 
 do Reh, Zeitschrift fur Entom., vol. V, pp. 161, 162, June, 1900.* 
 
 A s pi (Hot us an c i/cliis. 
 
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 (1856). 
 
 Diaspis ancyclus Putnam, Tr. Iowa St. Ilort. Soc., vol. XII, p. 321, (1877). 
 Aspidiolus ancyclus Putnam, Proc. Dav. Acad., vol. II, p. 346 (1878). 
 
 do Comstock, Rept. Ent. in Rept. Com. Agr., p. 292, (1880). 
 
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 do Cockerell, Ins. Life, vol. VII, p. 210, (1894). 
 
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 do Cockerell, Bull. 2, n. s.,U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 94, (1895). 
 
 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXVII, pp. 16, 17, (1895).* 
 
 do Lugger, Minn. Sta., Bull. 43, pp. 99 et seq., (1895). 
 
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 Tech. Ser., No. 1, p. 128, (1895). 
 
 do Cockerell, Garden and Forest, vol. VIII, p. 513,(1895).* 
 
 do Lowe and Sirrine, N. Y. Sta. Rept., pp. 525-535, (1896). 
 
 do Webster, Ind. Hort. Rept., p. 9, (1896). 
 
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 do Hopkins, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 72, 
 
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 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXVIII, p. 226, (1896).* 
 
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 do Cockerell, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6, p. 20, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Leonardi, Rivist. Pat. Veg., p. 42, (1897). 
 
 do Leonardi, ibid, pp. 216-218, (1897). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., vol. , p. 226, ( ). 
 
 tAs A, circularis, n. sp., but accordiug to C. L. Marlatt MS. is A. anc}/clus. 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Aspidiotus ancyolus Johnson, Can. Ent., vol. XXX, p. 82, (1898). 
 
 do Cooley, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 17, n. s., pp. 61-C5, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., 'Bull. No. 38, p. 36, (1898). 
 
 do Parrott, Trans. Kan. St. Hort. Soc., vol. XXIII, pp. 108- 
 
 109, (1889). 
 
 do Leonard!, Annali di Agr., p. 108, (1898). 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 229, (1898).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. .323, (1898).* 
 
 do Goethe, Berl. Kgl. Lehraustalt Obst. Wein., p. 19, (1898).* 
 
 do May, Station fur Pflanzenschutz zu Hamburg, vol. I, p. 5, 
 
 (1898-’99). 
 
 do Reh, ibid, p. 19, (1898-’99). 
 
 do Brick, ibid, p. 34, (1898-’99). 
 
 do Pernald, Com. Pa. Dept. Agr., Bull. 43, p. 20, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Cont. from Ent. and Zool. Dept. Iowa St. Agr. 
 
 Col. No. 3, p. 7, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 4, (1899). 
 
 do Troop, Ind. Sta., Bull. 78, pp. 45-52, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 43, pp. 160-162, (1899). 
 
 do Marlatt, Can. Ent., vol. XXXI, pp. 208-211, (1899).* 
 
 do Reh, Illustr. Zeitschr. f. Ent., vol. IV, p. 246, (1899).* 
 
 Mitth. Nat. Hist. Mus. Hamb., vol. XVI, pp. 125-141, 
 (1899).* 
 
 do May, ibid., pp. 151-153, (1899).* 
 
 do Reh, Zeitschrift, fur Ent., vol. V, pp. 161, 162, (1900).* 
 
 do Reprint Jahrs. Hamb. Anst., vol. XVII, pp. 4 et seq,, 
 
 (1900). 
 
 do Frank and Kruger, Schildlausbuch, pp. 72, 73, (1900).* 
 
 do Lochhead, Ont. Dept. Agr., p. 37, (1900). 
 
 do Felt., Bull. N. Y. Mus., vol. VI, No. 31, p. 579, (1900). 
 
 do Marlatt, Ent. News, vol. XI, pp. 590-592, (1900).* 
 
 do Scott, Bull. 26, n. s., Div. Ent. Dept. Agr., p. 50, (1900). 
 
 do Reh, Bull. 22, n. s., Div. Ent. Dept. Agr., pp. 79-83, (1900). 
 
 Aspidiotus urte. 
 
 Aspidiotus Hvce Comstock, Rept. Ent. in Rept. Com. of Agr., pp. 309, 310, (1880). 
 
 do Murtfeldt, Ent. Rept. Dept. Agr., pp. 135, 1.36, (1888).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, p. 142, (1892).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Insect Life, vol. IV, p. 333, (1892).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Jour. Inst. Jamaica, p. 255, No. 52, (1893); Jour. 
 
 Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 1, p. 312, No. 88, ( 1894).* 
 do Howard, Insect Life, vol. VII, p. 53, (1894).* 
 
 do Riley, Md. Sta. Rept., pp. 190, 191, (1894). 
 
 do Cockerell, Garden and Forest, vol. VIII, p. 513, (1895).* 
 
 do Webster, Ind. Hort. Rept., p. 16, (1896). 
 
 do Johnson, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. VI, n. s., pp. 75-78,(1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6, p. 23, (1897). 
 
 do Leonard!, Rivista di Patalogia Vegetale, vol. VI, p. 44, (1897). 
 
 do Parrott, Trans. Kan. Hort. Soc., vol. XXIII, pp. 106-109, (1898). 
 
 do Chambliss, Tenn. Sta. Bull., vol. X, No. 4, pp. 141-151, ( 1898). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 4, (1899). 
 
hunter: coccxd^ of Kansas, iv. 
 
 
 Aspidiotua uvce Newell, Con t. from Ent. Dept. Iowa Agr. Coll. No. 3, p. 12, (1899). 
 do Scott, Bull. XXVI, D. s., Div. Eat. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 50, ( 1900).* 
 
 Aspidiotiis o.sborii i. 
 
 As 2 )idiotus oaborni Newell, Cont. from Ent. Dept. Iowa St. Agr. Coll., No. 3, p. 
 5,(1895). 
 
 do Oaborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., V, p. 229, (1897).* 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 5, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 43, p. 105, (1899). 
 
 do Scott, Bull. 26, n. a., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 50, 
 
 (1900).* 
 
 Asjiidiotus ulnii. 
 
 Aspidiotua ulmi Johnaon, 111. St. Lab. Nat., vol. IV, No. 13, p. 388, (1896). 
 
 U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 6, n. a., p. 75, (1896. 
 Ent. Newa, vol. VII, p. 152, (1896).* 
 do Cockerell, Bull. VI, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 
 
 22, (1897). 
 
 Can. Ent., vol. XXIX, p. 266, (1897). 
 
 Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hiat., vol. V, art. VIII, p. 
 396, No. 1026, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Cont. from Ent. Dept. Iowa Ag. Col. No. 3, p.28, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 6, (1899). 
 
 Asp id iot us fern aid i. 
 
 Aai)idiotus fernaldi nlbiventer. Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 1, p. 6, (1899). 
 
 do cockerelli, Parrott, Can. Ent., vol. 31, No. 1, p. 10, (1899). 
 
 do albiventer, Newell, Cont. from Ent. Dept. Iowa St. Agr. 
 
 Col. No. 3, p. 19, (1899). 
 
 As2>idiotns obscurus, 
 
 Aspidiotua obscurus Comstock, Kept. Ent. in Kept. Com. of .\gr., p. .303, (1880). 
 do Forbea, 20th Ann. Rep. Ins. 111., pp. 15, 16, (1895),* 
 
 do Cockerell, Dept. .\gr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6, pp. 9 
 
 and 21, (1897). 
 
 do Leonard!, Riviata Pat. Veg., vol. VII, pp. 205-207, (1898).* 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 7, ( 1899). 
 
 do Scott, Bull. XXVI, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 
 
 50, (1900).* 
 
 Aspidiotns Juglaus~re(/ia’. 
 
 Aspidiotua Jugkins-regice Comstock, Rept. Ent. in Rept. Com. Agr., p. 300, 
 
 (1880). 
 
 do Colvee, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 6, vol. I, p. CLXV,* 
 
 (1881). (Describes it as a juglandis.) 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Coro. U. Exp. Sta., p. 61, (1883). 
 
 do Howard, U. S. Dept. Yearbook, pp. 251-252, 254, 
 
 264, 265, (1894). 
 
 Riley and Howard, Ins. Life, vol. VI, p. 328, (1894).* 
 Can. Ent., vol. 26, No. 2, p. .36, (1894). 
 
 Can. Eut., vol. 26, p. 131, (1894). 
 
 do 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Aspidiotus juglans-regke Cockerell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XVII, pp. 615- 
 
 625, (1895). 
 
 Garden and Forest, VIII, p. 513, 25, (1895).* 
 Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. IV, art. XI, 
 p. 333, No. 551, p. 334, (1896).* 
 
 do Lintner, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. .\gr., p. 
 
 80, (1896).* 
 
 do Johnson, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. VI, pp. 75-78^ 
 
 (1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser., 
 
 Bull. VI, pp. 18-21, (1897). 
 
 do Starnes, Ga. Sta., Bull. 36, p. 31, (1897). 
 
 do Hillman, Nev. Sta., Bull. 36. 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., V, p. 230, (1897).* 
 
 do Leonardi, Riv. di Pat. Veg., vol. VI, p. 67, (1897). 
 
 Riv. di Pat. Veg., vol. VII, 40, (1898).* 
 do Cockerell, Bull. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. V, art. VII, 
 
 p. 396, No. 589, (1899).* 
 
 Bull. 32, Ariz. Exp. Sta., p. 282, (1899).* 
 do Newell, Cont. from Ent. Dept. Iowa St. Agr. Col. 
 
 No. 8, p. 19, (1899). 
 
 do Fernald, Com. Pa. Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 43, p. 19, 
 
 (1899).* 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 8, (1899). 
 
 do Lochhead, Ont. Dept. Agr., p. .38, (1900). 
 
 do Scott, Bull. 26, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 
 
 50, (1900).* 
 
 do Morgan, La. Sta., Bull. 28, 2d ser., pp. 282-1005, 
 
 (18-).* 
 
 Aspidiotus perniciosus. 
 
 Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock, Rept. Comr. Agr. 1880, pp. 304, 305, (1880). 
 
 do Cooke, Treatise on Ins. Inj. toFrt. and.Frt. Trees, (1881). 
 
 do Riley, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., p.65, (1881).* 
 
 do Chapin, Rept. Comr. Agr., pp 207, 208, (1882). 
 
 1st Rept. St. Bd. Hort. Cal., pp. 65-68,(1882).* 
 Reprint Pacif. Rur. Press, pp. 2-5, (1882).* 
 do Cooke, Rept. Comr. Agr., pp. 65, 208, (1882). 
 
 Ins. Inj. to Orchards, pp. 60-63, (1883). 
 do Chapin, Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Hort., p. 91, (1883). 
 
 Bull. No. 2, St. Bd. Hort., (1884). 
 
 do Klee, Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Hort., pp. 373-375, 188.5-86, 
 
 (1887); ibid., p. 404, (1881). 
 
 do Klee, Hatch, Buck, et al., discussion, ibid., (1887). 
 
 do Boggs, ibid., p. 12, (1887). 
 
 do Rose, Brittan, and Milco, ibid., pp. 40, 41, (1887). 
 
 do Klee, Rept. St. Bd. Hort., 1887-’88, p. 245, (1888). 
 
 do Klee, Treatise on Ins. Inj. to Frt. and Frt. Trees of 
 
 Cal., pp. 10, 11, (1888). 
 
 do Cooper, Pacific Rur. Press, pp. 146, 147, (1889). 
 
 do Coquillett, Weekly Blade, (1890). 
 
 do Washburn, Bull. 5, Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 23, (1890). 
 
HUNTER : COCCIDyE OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Anpidioius perniciosus Lelong, Ropt. Cal. Sta. Bd. Hort., 1889, p. 170, (1890). 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. Ill, p. 69, (1890). 
 Kercheval and Gray, Insect Life, vol. II, p. .312, (1889). 
 Freeman, Insect Life, vol. Ill, p. 68, (1890). 
 
 Riley, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., p. 262, (1890).* 
 Gregorson, Insect Life, vol. Ill, p. 169, (1890). 
 
 Collins, Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Ilort., 1890, (1890). 
 Coquillett, Bull. 23, Div. Ent. Dept. Agr., pp. 19-36, 
 (1891). 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
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 O-K.U.Qr. A-x3 
 
 Allen, Bull. No. 2, 1st Bien. Rept. Ore. St. Bd. Hort., 
 1891, pp. 43-16, (1891). 
 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. Ill, p. 426, (1891 1. 
 
 Insect Life, vol. Ill, p. 487, (1891). 
 Insect Life, vol. IV, p. 83, ( 1891). 
 Lelong, Rept. St. Bd. Ilort. Cal. for 1891, (1892). 
 
 Craw, Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Ilort. for 1891, (1892). 
 Coquillett, Rept. on Sea. Ins. of Cal., (1891), Bull. 26, 
 Div. Ent., pp. 21-25, (1892). 
 
 Craw, Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Hort. 1891, p. 285, (1892). 
 Riley, Rept. Ent. for 1891, p. 244, (1892). 
 
 Townsend and Tyler, Bull. 7, N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta., 
 pp. 6, 7,(1892). 
 
 Olliff, Agr. Gazette, N. S. Wales, pp. 298, 299, (1892) 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. V, p. 53, (1892). 
 Riley, Insect Life, vol. V, p. 127, (1892). 
 
 Koebele, Albert, Craw, Rept. Importation Parasites and 
 Pred. Ins., p. 15, (1892). 
 
 Coquillett, Insect Life, vol. V, p, 251, (1893). 
 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. V, p. 280, (1893). 
 Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 406, (1893).* 
 
 Allen, Bull. No. 5, 2d Rept. Bien. Rept. Ore. St. Bd. 
 Hort., pp. 67-69, (1893). 
 
 Bull. No. 6, 2d Bien. Rept. Ore. St. Bd. Hort., 
 pp. 8.3- 86, (1893). 
 
 Cockerell, Bull. No. 10, N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 14-16 
 (1893). 
 
 Koebele, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 26, (1893). 
 
 Special Bull. U. S. Dept. .Agr., p. 39, (1893.) 
 Ehrhoro,Rept. Cal. St.Bd. Hort., 1893-’94, p. 375,(1894). 
 Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXVI, p. 32, (1894). 
 
 Smith, Insect Life, vol. VII, pp. 185-186, (1894).* 
 
 Insect Life, vol. V, p. 312, (1894).* 
 
 Coquillett, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 253, (1894). 
 
 Schwarz, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 247, (1894). 
 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 207, (1894) 
 Howard, Circ. No. 3, 2d ser., Div. Ent., 10 pp.’, (1894). 
 Lawson, Chronicle (Halifax, N. S.), (1894). 
 
 Lelong, Pacific Rural Press, (1894). 
 
 Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 286, (1894). 
 Coquillett, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 324, (1894). 
 
 Smith, Ent. News, vol. VII, pp. 182-184, (1894). 
 
 Garden and Forest, vol. VII, p. 344, (1894). 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Aspidiotus perniciosus Riley, Rept. Ent. for 1893, (1891). 
 
 do Riley and Howard, Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 360, (1894). 
 
 do Riley, Proc. Amer. Adv. Sci., vol. XLIII, p. 229,(1894). 
 
 do Howard, Insect Life, vol. VII, p. 153, (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Insect Life, vol. VII, p. 163, (1894). 
 
 do Aldrich, Insect Life, vol. VII, p. 201, (1894). 
 
 do Cockerell, Insect Life, vol. VII, p. 207, (1894). 
 
 do Sirrine, Garden and Forest, vol. VII, p. 449, (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Bull. 106, N. J. Exp. Sta., p. 24, (1894). 
 
 do Lintner, Albany Eve. Jour., (1894). 
 
 do Howard, Can. Ent., vol. XXVI, p. .353, (1894). 
 
 do Lintner, Rural New Yorker, vol. LIII, p. 791, (1894). 
 
 do Thorne and Webster, Ohio Exp. Sta., Emerg. Poster 
 
 Supp. Bull., p. 56, (1894). 
 
 do Fletcher, Evidence before Com. on Agr., p. 19, (1894); 
 
 25th An. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, pp. 73-76,(1894). 
 do Smith, Rept. Ent. Dept. N. J. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta. for 
 
 1894, (1895). 
 
 do Webster, Bull. 56, Ohio Exp. Sta., for 1894 (1895). 
 
 do Weed, Bull. No. 23, N. H. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Ent. News, p. 312, (1894). 
 
 do Webster, Proc. Columbus, Ohio, Hort. Soc., pp. 168-169, 
 
 (1894). 
 
 do Riley, Rept. Va. Sta. Bd. Hort. Soc., pp. 172-178, (1894). 
 
 do Rolfs, Proc. 7th Ann. Meet. Fla. Hort. Soc., pp. 94-99, 
 
 (1894). 
 
 do Howard, Year-book U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1894, pp. 249- 
 
 276, (1895). 
 
 do Fletcher, Rept. Exptl. Farms Canada for 1894, pp. 18.3- 
 
 226, (1895). 
 
 do Webster, Ohio Farmer, p. 157, (1895). 
 
 do Boaz, So. Planter, p. 119, (1895). 
 
 do Sirrine, Bull. No. 87, N. Y. Sta. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1895). 
 
 do Webster, Entomology, (1895). 
 
 do Howard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. Ill, pp. 219-226 
 
 (1895). 
 
 do Sturgis and Britton, Bull. No. 121, Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., 
 
 pp. 6-14, (1895). 
 
 do Sturgis, 19th Ann. Rept. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., for 1895, 
 
 (1896). 
 
 do Washburn, Bull. No. 38, Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 7, 8, 
 
 (1895 . 
 
 do Webster, Ohio Farmer, p. 315, (1895). 
 
 do McCarthy, Bull. No. 120, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1895). 
 
 do Hillman, Bull. No. 29, Nev. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 8, (1895). 
 
 do Piper, Bull. No. 17, Wash. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1895). 
 
 do Schiedt, Rept. Pa. Sta. Bd. Agr., pp. 579-584, (1895). 
 
 do Gillette and Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Exp. Sta. , p. 128, (1895). 
 
 do Maskell, Agr. Gazette, N. S. Wales, vol. VI, pp. 868- 
 
 870, (1895). 
 
 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXVII, pp. 16, 17, ( 1895) ; Bull. 
 
 2, n. 8., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 94, (1895). 
 
. hunter: coccid/E op Kansas, iv. 
 
 Aspidiotus perniciosus Giard, Act. Soc. Sci. Chili, vol. V, p. 147, (1895). 
 
 do 
 
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 Smith, Ent. News, vol. VI, pp. 153-157, (1895). 
 Slingerland, Rural New Yorker, vol. LVI, p. 5, (1895). 
 Fox and Edge, Circ. Pa. St. Bd. Agr., (1895). 
 
 Howard, Insect Life, vol. VII, pp. 283, 333, 359, 360, 
 (1895). 
 
 Collingwood, Rural New Yorker, vol. LIV, p. 167,(1895). 
 Collier, Bull. 87, n. s.,N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 10, (1895). 
 Riley, Bull. 32, Md. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1895). 
 
 Davis and Taft, Bull. 121, Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 36- 
 38, (1895). 
 
 Lintner, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. Ill, No. 13, pp. 275- 
 30.3, (1895). 
 
 Hoffman, The Student, ( 1895). 
 
 “Rather Perplexed” (pseud.). So. W. Farm and Or- 
 chard, (1895). 
 
 Smith, Ent. News, vol. VI, pp. 153-157, (1895). 
 Beckwith, Bull. 25, Del. Coll. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 8, ( 1895). 
 Tourney, Bull. 14, Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 32-47, (1895). 
 Marlatt, Insect Life, vol. VII, pp. 365-374, (1895). 
 Cockerell, New Mexican, (1895). 
 
 Rolfs, Bull. 29, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 19, (1895). 
 Fernald, Mass. Crop Rept., p. 23, (1895). 
 
 Maekell, Can. Ent., p. 14, (1896). 
 
 Sirrine, Ann. Rept. N. Y. Agr. Sta. for 1895, (1896). 
 Smith, Rept. Ent. Dept. N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta. for 
 189.5, (1896). 
 
 Garman, 8th Ann. Rept. Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta., for 1895, 
 (1896). 
 
 Beckwith, Bull. No. .30, Del. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 16, (1896). 
 Cooley, Bull. No. 36, Mass. Hatch Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 
 13-20, (1896). 
 
 Cordley, Bull. No. 44, Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 108,(1896). 
 Weed, So. Cultivator, (1896). 
 
 Alwood, Bull. 62, Va. Agr. Sta., pp. 31-44,(1896). 
 Cockerell, Bull. No. 19, N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 108- 
 112, (1896). 
 
 Hopkins, Nat. Stockman and Farmer, p. 6, (1896). 
 
 Cook, Rural Cal., pp. 158, 159, (1896). 
 
 Stcdman, Mo. Month. Crop Rept., (1896). 
 
 Kinney, Bull. No. 37, R. I. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 43, (1896). 
 Alwood, Bull. No. 66, Va. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 77-90, 
 (1886). 
 
 Webster, Bull. No. 72, Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 211-217, 
 (1896). 
 
 Smith, Bull. No. 116, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 15, 
 (1890). 
 
 Johnson, Bull. No. 42, Md. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 154-156, 
 (1896). 
 
 Smith, Bull. No. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 pp. 46-18, ( 1896). 
 
.->S , 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Aspidioius perniciosus Lintner, Bull. No. 6, n. b., U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 54-61, 
 
 (1896). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. No. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 63-66, (1896). 
 
 do Webster, Bull. No. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 66-70, (1896). 
 
 do Hopkins, Bull. No. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 71-73, ( 1896). 
 
 do Alwood, Bull. No. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 80-84, (1896). 
 
 do Howard, Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc.,p. 15, (1896). 
 
 do Beckwith, Trans. Benin. Hort. Soc., pp. 85-90, (1896). 
 
 do Webster, Ann. Kept. Ohio Sta. Hort. Soc., pp. 164-178, 
 
 ( 1890|). 
 
 do L/intner, lUh Kept, on Inj. Ins. St. N. Y., pp. 200-233, 
 
 (1896). 
 
 do Slingerland, Proc. West. N. Y. Hort. Soc. for 1896, p. 
 
 18, (1896). 
 
 do Smith, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 
 
 46-18, (1896).* 
 
 do Green, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXXII, p. 84, (1896).* 
 
 do Hopkins, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr , 
 
 pp. 71, 72, (1896).* 
 
 do Masked, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXXII, pp. 33-36, (1896).* 
 
 do Forbes, 20th Ann, Kep. Ins. 111., pp. 1-25, (1895-’90).* 
 
 do Alwood, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr,, 
 
 pp. 80-84, (1896).* 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr , 
 
 pp. 63-65, (1896).* 
 
 do Webster, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 69, 70, (1896).* 
 
 do Masked, Trans. N. Z. Inst., vol. XXVIII, p. 386, ( 1896). 
 
 do Howard and Mnrlatt, Bud. No. 3, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. 
 
 Dept. Agr.,pp. 1-80, (1896). 
 
 do Rolfs, Rept. Fla. Agr. E.vp. Sta. for 1896, ( 1897). 
 
 do Smith, Rept. N. J. St. Bd. Agr., 24 pp., ( 1897).* 
 
 do Berlese and Leonard), Riv. Pat. Veg., vol. VI, pp. 330- 
 
 .352, (1897).* 
 
 do Coquidett, Rept. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., p. 124, (1897).* 
 
 do Webster, Proc. 52d Ann. St. Agr. Conv., .Columbus, 
 
 Ohio, ( 1897 ). 
 
 do Sturgis, Conn. Agr. Sta. Rept. for 1896 (1897). 
 
 do Baker, Bud. No. 77, Ala. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 27-31, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Alwood, Proc. Ga. St. Hort. Soc., pp. 38-42, (1897). 
 
 do Forbes, Bull. No. 48, Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 413-428, (1897). 
 
 do Gillette, Bud. No. 38, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 33-39, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Alwood, Rept. 22d Meet. Ainer. Ass. of Nurserymen, pp. 
 
 25-32, (1897). 
 
 do Garman, Bud. No. 67, Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 43-59, 
 
 (1897). 
 
HUNTER : COCCIDyE OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 A 
 
 fspidiotus perniciosus Slingerland, Rural New Yorker, p. 35G, (1897). 
 
 do Rolfs, Garden and Forest, pp. 217, 218, ( 1897). 
 
 do Hussey, Ohio Farmer, p. 487, (1897). 
 
 do Webster, Can. Ent., p. 17.3, (1897); Bull. No. 81, Ohio 
 
 Agr. Exp- Sta., pp. 177-212, (1897). 
 do Cockerell, Bull. No. 6, Tech. Ser. Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Agr., p. 31, (1897). 
 
 McCarthy, Bull. No. 138, N. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 45- 
 55,(1897). 
 
 Forbes, Circular, (1897). 
 
 Baker, Bull. No. 86, Ala. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1897). 
 
 Rolfs, Bull. 41, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 519-542, (1897). 
 Panton, Rural Canadian, pp. 178, 179, (1897). 
 
 Smith, Circ. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., (1897). 
 
 Starnes, Bull. No. 36, Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 31, (1897). 
 Smith, Ent. News, pp. 221-223, (1897). 
 
 Alwood, 1st Ann. Rept. Insp. San Jose Sc., 15 pp., (1897). 
 Cordley, Ore. Agr. & Rural N. W., p. 70, (1897). 
 Barrows, Bull. No. 9, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 pp. 27-29, ( 1897). 
 
 do Webster, Bull. No. 9, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 40-45, (1897). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. No. 9, n. s., Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 80-82, (1897). 
 
 do Troop, Newspaper Bulletin, (1897). 
 
 do Webster, Ent. News, pp. 248-250, (1897). 
 
 do Massey, So. Planter, p. 549, (1897). 
 
 do Hopkins, W. Va. Farm Reporter, pp. 84-86, (1897). 
 
 do Osborn, Bull. No. 36, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 860-864, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Berlese and Leonard!, Riv. Pat. Veg., vol. VII, pp. 252- 
 
 273, (1898).* 
 
 Leonard!, Riv. Pat. Veg., vol. VII, pp. 189-191, (1898).* 
 Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 321, (1898).* 
 Symposium, Smith, Lowe, Waugh, Bailey, Willard, 
 Lyon, Hale, and Bancroft, Rural New Yorker, pp. 
 17, 18, ( 1898). 
 
 do Smith, E. N. Y. Horticullurist, (1898). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. No. 17, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. .Agr., 
 
 pp. .39-43, (1898).* 
 
 do Alwood, Bull. No. 72, Va. Agr. Exp. Sta.,p. 11, (1898). 
 
 do Cockerell, Entom., vol. XXXI, p. 239, (1898).* 
 
 Ent. News, vol. IX, pp. 95, 96, (1898).* 
 do Smith, Bull. No. 125, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 9-14 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 do 
 
 Howard and Marlatt, Bull. No. 3, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. 
 Dept. Agr., p. 80, (1898). 
 
 Gould, Bull. No. 144, Corn. Univ. .Agr. Exp. Sta., pp 
 9-11,(1898). 
 
 Newstead, Entom., vol. XXXI, p. 98, (1898).* 
 Discussion, Proc. Ent. Soc. London, p. 13, (1898).* 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 GO 
 
 
 Aspidiotus perniciosus Smith, Rept. Ent. Dept. N. J. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta. for 
 
 1897, pp. 436-492, (1898). 
 
 do Perkins, Bull. No. 60, Vt. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 12-14, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Forbes, 20th Rept. St. Ent. 111., pp. 1-25, (1898). 
 
 do Emory, Trans. Penin. Hort. Soc., pp. 107-113, (1898). 
 
 do Bancroft, Trans. Penin. Hort. Soc., pp. 113-128, (1898). 
 
 do Webb, Trans. Penin. Hort. Soc., pp. 114, 115, (1898). 
 
 do Smith, Bull. No. 17, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 32-.39, (1898).* 
 
 do Fletcher, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ontario, vol. XXVIII, pp. 
 
 78, 79, (1898).* 
 
 do Johnson, Can. Ent., vol. XXX, pp. 82, 83, (1898).* 
 
 do Webster, Can. Ent. vol. XXX, pp. 169-172, (1898).* 
 
 do Felt., Bull. 17, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 22, 
 
 2.3, (1898).* 
 
 do Hopkins, Bull. 17, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 44, 45, (1898).* 
 
 do Discussions, Bull. 17, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 50-55, (1898).* 
 
 do Matrdorff, Zeits. fur Pflanzenkranheiten, vol. VIII, p 
 
 1, (1898).* 
 
 do Sorauer, Zeits. fur Pflanzenkrankheiten, vol. VIII, p. 
 
 46, (1898),* 
 
 do Sorauer, Zeits. fur Pflanzenkheiten, vol. VIII, p. 104, 
 
 (1898).* 
 
 do Stedman, Bull. No. 41, Mo. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 35, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Hunter, Bull. Dept. Ent. Kans. Univ., p. 62 (1898). 
 
 do Howard, Bull. No. 12, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 1-31, (1898). 
 
 do Johnson, Can. Ent., vol. XXXI, pp. 87, 88, (1899).* 
 
 do Scott, Bull. 20, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 
 
 83, 84, (1899).* 
 
 do d’Utro, Bull. Inst. Agron, S. Paulo, vol. X, Nos. 11 
 
 and 12, ( 1899).* 
 
 do Goethe, Bericht Kgl. Lehraustadt Obst. Wein.andGar- 
 
 tenbau, Geisenheim a R., p. 16, (1899).* 
 do Newstead, Reprint Jour. Royal Hort. Soc., p. 8, (1899).* 
 
 do Webster, Can. Ent., vol. XXXI, p. 4, (1899).* 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., XXXI, pp. 225, 226, (1899).* 
 
 do Howard and Marlatt, Bull. 20, n.s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 
 Agr., pp. 30-.39, (1899). 
 
 do Howard, Year-book Dept. Agr., pp. 143, 144, (1899). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. No. 20, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 (1899).* 
 
 do Reh, Mitth. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, vol. XVI, pp. 125- 
 
 141, (1899).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Bull. No. .32, Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 274, 
 
 (1899).* 
 
 do Hunter, Kans. Univ. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 10, 11, 
 
 (1899). 
 
HUNTER : COCCID^E OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 01 
 
 Aspidioius perniciosus Cockerell and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 276, (1899).* 
 do Puller, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, pt. IV, p. 465, (1899).* 
 
 do Lampa, Ent. Tidsk., pp. 63-65, (1899).* 
 
 do Prank and Kruger, Schildlausbuch, pp. 58-72, (1900).* 
 
 do Smith, Bull. No. 146, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 20 pages, 
 
 (1900).* 
 
 do Scott, Bull. No. 26, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 
 
 49, (1900).* 
 
 do Woodworth, Bull. No. 26, n. a., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 
 Agr., p. 92, (1900).* 
 
 do Reh, Bull. 32, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 
 
 79-83, (1900).* 
 
 Zool. Anzeiger, No. 624, pp. 502-504, (1900).* 
 Reprint Jahrb. Hamburg wiss. Anst., pp. 1-21, 
 (1900).* 
 
 Zeitschrift furEntom., vol. V, pp. 161, 162, (1900).* 
 do May, Mitth. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. XVI, pp. 
 
 151-153, (1900).* 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. No. 26, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 pp. 73-75, (1900).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Science, n. s., vol. XII, No. .300, pp. 488, 489, 
 
 (1900).* 
 
 do Kellogg, Science, n. s., vol. XIII, pp. 383-385, (1901). 
 
 do Webster, Science, n. s., vol. XIII, p. 511, (1901). 
 
 Asiiidiotus greenii, 
 
 Aapidiotua greenii Cockerell, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 6, p. 27, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Cal. Fruit Grower, 20, No. 23, pp. 4, 5, (1897). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 11, (1899). 
 
 do Cockerell, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, III, p. 169, 
 
 (1899). 
 
 Am. Nat., XXXI, p. 73, Aug. 1897.* 
 
 Ent. Mo. Mag., XXX IV, pp. 184, 185, Aug. 1898.* 
 Entom., XXXII, p. 93, Apr. 1899.* 
 do Ckll. and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 277, May, 1899.* 
 
 do Marlatt, Can. Ent., XXXI, pp. 208-211, Aug. 1899.* 
 
 do Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, p. 502, 1900.* 
 
 Asjtidiotiin hcderoi tterii Bouche. 
 
 Aapidiotua nerii Bouche, Schadl. Gart. Ins., p. 52, (18.33). 
 
 Diaapia bouchei Targioni-Tozzetti, Stud. sul. Coccin, (1867). 
 
 Aapidiotua ncni Comstock, Rept. Ent. in Rept. Com. Agr., p. 301, (1880). 
 do Maskell, Trane. N. Zeal. Inst., XIV, p. 217, (1881).* 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Corn. Univ. E.xp. Sta., p. 63, (188,3).* 
 
 do Hubbard, U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 35, (1885). 
 
 do Oscar Schmidt, Archiv. Naturgesch., LI, No. 1, pp. 169-200, 
 
 (1885).* 
 
 Thesis at Berlin University, (1885); rev. in 
 Ent. Nach., p. 119, (1886).* 
 
 do Lemoine, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. CXC, (1886).* 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIII, pp. 151, 152, (1886).* 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Aspicliolus nerii Maskell, Scale Insects N. Zeal., p. 44, (1887).* 
 do Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXV, p. 350, (1889).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Card. Chron., p. 518, No. 14, (1893).* 
 
 Journ. Inst. Jamaica, p. 255, (1893).* 
 
 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XX, p. 307, (1893). 
 
 Ent. News, vol. V, pp. 79, 211, (1894).* 
 
 Ent. Mo. Mag., XXX, pp. 57-59, ( 1894).* 
 
 N. M. Ent., No. 2, (1894). 
 
 Journ. Trin. Nat. Field Club, vol. 2, No. 12, p. .307, 
 (1890). 
 
 do Johnson, Div. Ent., n. s., No. VI, pp. 7.5-78, (1880). 
 
 do Townsend, tJ. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 4, p. 11, 
 
 (1890). 
 
 do Green, Indian Mus. Notes, vol. IV, No. 1, p. 4, (1890).* 
 
 Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 09, (1897).* 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. Coll. E.vp. Sta., Bull. No. 31, Tech. Ser., 
 
 No. 1, p. 129, (1898). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, p. 11, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 43, p. 108, (1899). 
 
 do King, Psyche, vol. VIII, No. 270, p. 250, (1899). 
 
 do Cockerell, Am. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 107, (1899).* 
 
 Biol. Cent. Am., II, part II, p. 20, (1899).* 
 
 Asj}i<liotii.s (vsciili solus (s. sp. n.) 
 
 Aspidiotus cesculi solus Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 12, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Coot, from Ent. Dept. Iowa St. Agr. Coll. No. 
 
 3, p. 13, (1899). 
 
 Myti l(isj> is po m o ru m . 
 
 Aspidiolus conc/ii/orniis of Anthers, but not A. conchiformis Gmelin, Syst. 
 
 Nat., 2221, 37 (1788), which species infests elm. 
 do pomorum Bouche, Ent. Zeitung Stett. (1851), 12, No. 1. 
 do pyrus-malus Rob. Kennicot, Acad. Sci. Cleveland, (1854). 
 do juglandis Fitch, Ann. Kept. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., p. 103, (1856).* 
 Mytilaspis pomicorlids Riley, 5th Kept. St. Ent. Mo., p. 95, (1872). 
 Mytilaspis x><jmorum, Signoret, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, p. 95, (1870). 
 
 do Masked, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. XI, pp. 192-194, (1879).* 
 
 MytUas2'> '8 (2}omicorlicis) jjomorutn Comstock, Rept. Ent. in Kept. Com. Agr., 
 
 (1880). 
 
 do Signoret, Tr. on Ins. Inj. Fruits and Frt. 
 
 Trees, by M. Cooke, Sacr., p. 37, 
 (1881). 
 
 do Bethune, Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., pp. 
 
 77,78,(1881). 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Dept. Ent., Corn. 
 
 Univ. Exp. Sta., p. 118, (1883). 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXII, p. 08, 
 
 (1884).* 
 
 Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXII, p. 
 219, (1880).* 
 
 Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXIII, p. 
 27, (1886).* 
 
HUNTBR ; COCCIDyE OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Mytilasiyis (pnmieorHcis) pomorum Maskell, Sea. Ins. in N. Z., p. 51, (1887). 
 
 do Weed, Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., vol. Ill, 
 
 No. 4, p. 127, (1890). 
 
 do Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXVI, p. 
 
 277, (1890).* 
 
 Mytilaspls pomorum Fletcher, Can. Cent. Exp. Farm, Bull. No. 11, p. 30, 1891. 
 do Townsend, N. M. Sta., Bull. No. 3, p. 19, (June, 1891). 
 
 do Panton, Ont. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 02, p. 7, 
 
 (1891). 
 
 do Iluet and Louise, Bull. Min. Agr., Paris, 11, No. 7, pp. 
 
 705-708, (1892). 
 
 do Smith, Kept. Ent. N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., p. 494, 
 
 (1894). 
 
 do Howard, Year-book U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 252, 254, 259, 
 
 (1894).* 
 
 do Howard, U. S. Dept. Year-book, pp. 249-270, (1894). 
 
 do Lintner, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 3, No. 13, pp. 270-305, 
 
 (1895). 
 
 do Taft, Mich. St. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta.. Bull. No. 121, p. 25, 
 
 (Apr. 1895). 
 
 do Lowe and Sirrine, N. Y. St. Kept., pp. 525-535, (1890). 
 
 do Saccardo, Rivista Pat. Veg., IV, p. 54, (1890).* 
 
 do Berlese, Le Cocciniglie Italiane, P. Ill, p. 297, (1890). 
 
 do Berlese, Rivista Pat. Veg., IV, Nos. 1-12, (1890).* 
 
 Rivista Pat. Veg., V, Nos. 1-4, (1890).* 
 do Webster, Ind. Hort. Rept., p. 0, (1890). 
 
 do Johnson, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 0, n. s., pp. 75-78, 
 
 (1890). 
 
 do Fletcher, Can. Exp. Farms Repts., pp. 250-204, (1890). 
 
 do Harvey, Mo. Sta. Rept., pp. 117-123, (1890). 
 
 do Quinn, Garden and Field, 22, No. 1, pp. 24, 25, (1890). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., p. 228, ( 18 — ). 
 
 do Perkins, Vt. Agr. Exp. Sla., Bull. No. 00, pp. 9-12, (1897). 
 
 do Starnes, Ga. Sta., Bull. 30, (1897). 
 
 do Panton, Ont. Agr. Coll, and Exp. Farm, Bull. 105, p. 15, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Barrows and Pettit, Mich. Sta., Bull. 100, pp. 339-430, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Lowe, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 1.30, p. 578, (1897). 
 
 do Fletcher, Exp. Farms, pp. 187-230, (1897). 
 
 do Lea, Producers’ Gaz. and Settlers’ Rec., 5, No. 0, pp. 405- 
 
 483, (1897). 
 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 47, p. 13, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Parrott, Trans. Kan. St. Hort. Soc., Bull. 23, pp. 106-109, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Hunter, Bull. Dept. Ent., p. 25, (Jan. 1898). 
 
 do Gillorders, Reprint Trans. Ann. Manchester Micr. Soc., p. 
 
 7, (1898).* 
 
 do Chambliss, Tenn. Sta. Bull., vol. X, No. 4, pp. 141-151, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Leonard!, Annali di Agr., p. 1.33, (1898). 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Mytilaspis pomoriim Newatead, Ent., XXXI, p. 98, (1898). 
 
 do Brick, Station fur Pflanzenschutz zu Hamburg, 1, p. 31, 
 
 (1898-’99). 
 
 do Bruner, Ins. Enemies Apple Tree, p. 116, (1899). 
 
 do Smith, N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta. , Bull. No. 110, p. 7, (18 — ). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 13, pp. 159, 160, (1899).* 
 
 do Fernald, Com. Pa. Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 43, p. 16, (1899). 
 
 do Johnson, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 20, n. s., p. 
 
 66, (1899). 
 
 do Marchal, Bull. Soc. D’Arc. de Prance, p. 11, (1899). 
 
 do Troop, Ind. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 78, vol. X, (1899). 
 
 do Reh, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, XVI, pp. 125-111, 
 
 (1899).* 
 
 do Leonardi, Lab. di Ent. Agr. in Portici, p. 5, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIII, No. 1, p. 14, (1899). 
 
 do Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 275 (1899).* 
 
 do Fletcher, Kept. Ent. and Bot., p. 17, (1900). 
 
 do Reh, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., XVII, pp. 3-5, (1900).* 
 
 Zeitschrift fur Ent., V, p. 161, (1900).* 
 do Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, pp. 512, 513, (1900).* 
 
 do Lochhead, Bull. Dept. Agr., p. 40, (1900). 
 
 do Frank and Kruger, Schildlausbuch, pp. 90-98, (1900).* 
 
 do Harvey and Munso, Me. Sta. Bull. 56, pp. 105-114, ( ). 
 
 Mytilanpis citricola Packard. 
 
 Mytilanpis cilricola Packard, Guide to Study Insects, 2d ed., p. 527, (1870). 
 do Comstock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Rept. for 1880, p. .321. 
 
 do Hubbard, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., pp. 107-109, 
 
 (1881)*; pp. 157-159, (1883).* 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Ent. Corn. Univ. Exp. Sta., p. 117, 
 
 (1883). 
 
 Mytilaspis flaveocus Targioni, Annali di Agricultura, p. 392, (1884).* 
 Mytilaspis cifr/cofa Voyle, Bull. 4(0. S.), Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 
 
 70-7.3, (1881).* 
 
 do Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVIII, p. 70, (1892).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, p. 155, (1893).* 
 
 do Craw, Cal. St. Bd. Hort. Rep.*-,., pp. 90-96, (1891-’94). 
 
 do Cockerell, Journ. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, p. 306, (1894).* 
 
 do Smith, Ent. News, V, pp. 181, 185, (1891).* 
 
 do Green, Coccidae Ceylon, pt. I, pp. 78-SO, (1896).* 
 
 do Marlatt, Dept. Agr., Year book, pp. 217-2.36, (1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Bull. Dept. Bot. Jamaica, IV, n. s., pp. 108, 
 
 109, No. 65, (1897).* 
 
 do Froggatt, Agr. Gaz., N. S. Wales, 9, No. 10, pp. 1210-1221, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVII, p. 70, (1898). 
 
 do Producers’ Gaz. and Settlors’ Rec. (West. Aus.), 5, No. 6, 
 
 pp. 465-483, (1898). 
 
 do Frank and Kruger, Schildlausbuch, p. 99, (1900).* 
 
 do Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, pp. 513, 514, (1900).* 
 
 do Reh, Zeits. fur. Ent., V, p. 102, (1900).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, p. 303, (1900).* 
 
 do Morgan, La. Sta. Bull. 28, 2d ser. , pp. 982-1005, ( ). 
 
 Sp. Bull., pp. 51-110 ( ). 
 
HUNTER : COCCID.E OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Diasjyis stio wii, 
 
 Diaspis snowH Hunter, K. U. Quart, vol. 8, No. 1, p. 14, (1899). 
 
 Lecau i u m auranti acn m . 
 
 Lecanium maclurcB Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 67, (1899). 
 
 Lecanium aurantiacum Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 107, (1900). 
 
 Lecaiiinm canadense. 
 
 Lecanium caryce, var. canadense Ckll., Can. Ent., vol. 27, p. 253, (1895). 
 
 Lecanium canadense Ckll., Can. Ent., vol. 30, p. 294, (1898). 
 
 do Cockerell and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 232, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 68, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent, vol. XXXI, p. 252, (Sept 1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., IX, ser. A., No. 2, p. 107, (Apr. 
 
 1900). 
 
 do King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Lee a n i « < m, hn n ease use, 
 
 Lecanium kansasense Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 69, (1899). 
 
 Lecanium cockevelli Hunter. 
 
 Lecanium cockerelll Hunter, K. U. Quart, vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 70, (1899). 
 
 K. U. Qujrt., vol. IX, No. 2, p. 107, (1900). 
 do King, Can. Ent., vol. — , p. 252. 
 
 Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Lera n i n m avmeniacuin, 
 
 Lecanium armeniacum Craw, Cal. St. Bd. Hort., Div. Ent., pp. 12, 13, 1891. 
 
 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. 26, No. 2, p. 35, (1894). 
 
 do Felt, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. V, No. 23, p. 240,(1898). 
 
 do Webster, Can. Ent, p. 81, (.Apr. 1898). 
 
 do Cockerell and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 233, (Apr. 1899). 
 
 do Cockerell, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VII, p. 257, Dec. 
 
 1899.* 
 
 do Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., XXVII, p. 59, 1894, (1895)*. 
 
 do King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., VIII, ser. A, No. 2, pp. 71-75, 
 
 pi. XV, fig. 4, Apr. 1899. 
 
 Lecanium hespevidum Linn. 
 
 Coccus hesperidum Linn., Syst. Nat, II, 739, (1735). 
 do Faun. Suec., 1015, (1746). 
 
 do Frish, Ins., 12, 12, (1736). 
 
 do Sulzer, Ins., p. 1091, tab. 12, fig. 8, (1761 ). 
 
 do Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 743, ( 1775). 
 
 do Modeer, Act. Gothenb., 1, 19, 8, (1778). 
 
 do Schaeffer, Eelem. Entom., tab. 48, (1766). 
 
 do Schrank, Enum. Insect Austrias, pp. 295, 583, (1781). 
 
 do Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 2215, (1788). 
 
 do De Villers, Linnici Entomologia (Syst. Nat.?), p. 558, (1789). 
 
 do Olivier, Encycl. Method, VI, 93, (1791). 
 
 do Fabricius, Entom. Syst., IV, 244, et Syst Ryng., 306, 
 
 do Schaeffer, leones Insect, tab. CXI, fig. 2, (1801). 
 
(IG 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTKRIA'. 
 
 Coccus hcsperidum Gene, Insetti Nocivi, etc., p. 11.3, tab. II, fig. 12, (1827). 
 do Fonscolombe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr., 3, vol. 208, (1834). 
 
 do Burmeister, Ilandb. der Entomologie, p. 69, (183.>). 
 
 Calymnatus hespericlum Costa (O. G.), Nueve Observ., tab. 1, fig. 1, (1835). 
 Calfjplicus Iccvls Costa (O. G.), Faun. Ins. Nap. Gallins, 8, 1, (18.37). 
 Lccunium hcsperidum Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins., (1810). 
 
 Calypticus hcsperidum Lubbock, Proc. Roy. Soc., IX, 480, (1858). 
 
 Proc. Roy. Soc., IX, 480, and Ann. Nat. 
 Hist., Ill, 306, (1859). 
 
 do Beck, Trans. Micr. Soc. London, n. s., 47, (1861). 
 
 do Boisduval, Entom. Hort., 331, (1867). 
 
 do Targioni-Tozzetti, Catal., .37, 5, (1868). 
 
 Lccanium hesjyeridum Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 830, 856, (1868). 
 
 do Targioni-Tozzetti, Intr. Seconda Mem. Coccin., p. 37, 
 
 (1868). 
 
 do Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 399, (1873). 
 
 do Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., XI, pp. 205, 206, pi. VI, fig. 
 
 12, 1878, (1879).* 
 
 do Ashraead, Orange Insects, pp. 32, 33, fig, 10; pi. I, fig. 
 
 14, 1880.* 
 
 do Comstock, Rept. Ent., in Rept. Comr. Agr., 1880, p. 335. 
 
 do Targioni-Tozzetti, Ann. di Agr. (R. Minist. Agr.), p. 
 
 142, (1881). 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Dept. Ent. in Corn. U. Exp. Sta., 
 
 p. 134, (1883). 
 
 do Hubbard, Ins. aff. Orange., U. S. Dept. Ent., p. 48, 
 
 (1885). 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXII, p. 159, Dec. 1885.* 
 
 do M. Cooke, Treat. Ins. Inj. to Fruit and Fruit-trees, 
 
 Sacramento, p. .36, (1886). 
 
 do Atkinson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LV, pt. II, No. 3, 
 
 pp. 281, 282, 1830 * 
 
 do Maskell, Sea. Ins. N. Z., p. 80, (1887). 
 
 do Penzig, Studi Botanic! sagli a grumi e sulle piante atfin 
 
 (.Ann. Min. Agr.), p. 521, (1887). 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, pp. 25-27, July, 1887.* 
 
 do Moniez, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XII, pp. 150-152, 1887.* 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVII, pp. 244, 245, pi. 2, fig. 
 
 1, Sept. 1891.* 
 
 do Wassilioll, Trav. Soc. Varsavio, II, No. 6, pp. 10-12, 
 
 1891. * 
 
 do Berlese, Rivista Pat. Veg., I, p. 61 (58-70), figs. 4-6, 
 
 1892. * 
 
 do Coquillett, U. S. Dept. .Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. No. 26, p. 
 
 26, (1892). 
 
 do Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., XXV, pp. 218, 219, 1892, 
 
 (189.3).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., April, 1893, p. 49. 
 
 do Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIX, pp. 103, 104, May, 1893.* 
 
 do G. del Guercio, Staz. Sper. .Agr. Ital., 24, pp. 67.3-592, 
 
 (1893). 
 
 do Cockerell, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, p. 52, 
 
 (1893). 
 
or 
 
 hunter: coccid.e of Kansas, iv. IWP- 
 
 Lecanium he 82 ^eridum Koebe\&, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 32, pp. 33-36, 
 
 (1893). 
 
 do Cockerell, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XX, p. 49, 1893.* 
 
 Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, Feb. 1894, pp. 18, 
 17.3, No. 13.* 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXX, p. 29, Feb. 1894.* 
 
 do Cockerell, Ent. News, p. 210, (Sept. 1894). 
 
 do Berlesp, Le Cocciniglie Italiene, pt. II, p. 113, (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Kept. Ent., N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., p. 501, 
 
 (1894). 
 
 do Cockerell, Act. Soc. Sci. Chili, V, p. 24, 1895.* 
 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 31, Tech. Ser., 
 
 No. 1, p. 127, (1895). 
 
 do Townsend, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 
 
 4, p. 11, (1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Amer. Nat., July, 1897, p. 590.* 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., V, p. 226, 1897, (1898).* 
 
 do Producers’ Gaz. and Settlers’ Rec. (W. Aus.), V, No. 6, 
 
 pp. 465-483, (1898). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. VIJI, No. 2, p. 75, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., vol. XXXl, p. 140, (June, 1899). 
 
 do Gossard, Fla. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 51, p. 113, (Jan. 1900). 
 
 Lccdnium coffcu\ 
 
 Lccanium coffew Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, vol. 1, P. 5, p. 71, (May, 
 1894). 
 
 do Cockerell and Parrott, Cont. to Knowledge of Coc., XXX, 
 
 Industrialist, vol. — , No. — , p. 164, (1899). 
 do Cockerell, Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 270, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 75, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., vol. XXXI, p. 140, (June, 1899). 
 
 do Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, p. 426, (1800).* 
 
 do Cockerell, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, p. 363, (1900).* 
 
 do Watt, Pests and Blights of the Tea Plant, p. 330, 1898.* 
 
 do Atkinson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, LV, pt. II, No. 3, pp. 
 
 282-284, 1886.* 
 
 do Maskell, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVIII, p. 71, Mar. 1892.* 
 
 Lecanium olcw, Bernard. 
 
 Chermes olcce Bernard, Mem. d’ Hist. Nat. Acad., 108, pi. 2, fjg. 25, (1782). 
 Coccus olete Olivier, Encycl. Method., 95, 6, (1791). 
 
 do Giovene, Mem. Soc. Italie, vol. XIV, p. 128, (1809). 
 do Fonscolombe, Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 206, (1834). 
 
 do (ex. p.) Costa (.A.), Insetti dell’ Olivo, etc., p. Ill, (1840). 
 
 Lecaniuni olcw Walker, List of Hompt. in the Coll, of Brit. Mus., P. IV, p. 1070, 
 (1852). 
 
 do Boisduval, Entom. Hortic., 319, fig. ,38, (1867). 
 
 do Targioni-Tozzetti, Catalogo, etc., pp. 39-22, (1868). 
 
 do Signoret, Essai sur les Cochen, p. 440, (1873). 
 
 do Goureau, Ann. Soc. Fr., 2d S6rie, 11. 
 
 do Costa (A.), Degl. Insetti che Attacana I’Albero ed il Frutto dell’ 
 
 Olivo, p. 122, pi. IV, A, figs. 11, 12, 1877.* 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Lecanium olecB ComBtock, Kept. Ent., in Kept. Com. Agr. 1880, p. 336. 
 
 do Signoret, Treatise on Ins. Inj. to Frt. and Frt. Trees, by M. 
 
 Cooke, Sacr., 1881, p. 35. 
 
 do Chapin, 1st Kept. St. Bd. Hort. Com. Cal., pp. 65-68, 1882.* 
 
 Pac. Rural Press, Sept. 28-Nov. 24, 1882.* 
 do Hubbard, Ins. aff. Orange, U. S. Dept. Ent. 1885, p. 53. 
 
 do Riley, Bull. 12 (O. S.), Div. Ent. U. S. D. A., pp. 34-36, 1885, 
 
 (1886).* 
 
 do Maskell, Sea. Ins. New Zealand, p. 82, (1887). 
 
 do Penzig,Studi Botan. Agrumi, etc. (Ann. Min. Agr.), p. 527,(1887). 
 
 do Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXVII, pp. 307, 308, Nov. 1891.* 
 
 do Coquillett.U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent., Bull. No. 26, p. 28-33, (1892). 
 do Berlese, Riv. Pat. Veg., I, p. 62 (58-70), 1892.* 
 
 Riv. Pat. Veg., Ill, Nos. 1-8, 1893.* 
 do Cockerell, Trans. An. Soc. Ent., p. 55, (Apr. 1893). 
 
 do Craw, Cal. St. Bd. Hort. Rept., pp. 90-96, (1893-’94). 
 
 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. , p. 44, ( ). 
 
 do Berlese, Le Cocciniglie Italiane, part II, p. 120, (1,894). 
 
 do Cockerell, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, I, p. V, p. 72, (May, 1894). 
 
 Journ. Trin. Field Nat. Club, I, p. 307, No. 7, Feb. 1894.* 
 Journ. Trio. Field Nat. Club, I, No. 12, p. 307, (1894). 
 Amer. Nat., XXIX, p. 727, Aug. 1895.* 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 31, Tech. Ser., No. 1, 
 
 p. 127, (1895). 
 
 do Tourney, Ariz. Sta., Bull. 14, pp. 29-56, (1895). 
 
 do Saccardo, Riv. Pat. Veg., IV, pp. 48, 49, 1895, (1895-’96).* 
 
 do Ckll., Appx. Bull. Misc. Information (Trinidad), II, pp. Ill and 
 
 IV, No. 23, Apr. 1890.* 
 
 do Marlatt, Year book Dept. Agr., p. 220, (1896). 
 
 do Ckll., Cal. Fruit Grower, XX, May 8, 1897, p. 4.* 
 
 do Maskell, Tr. N. Zeal. Inst., XXIX, pp. .309, 310, 1896, (1897).* 
 
 do Green, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, p. 72, Mar. 1897.* 
 
 do Lea, Producers’ Gaz. and Settlers’ Rec. (W. Aus.), 5, No. 6, pp. 
 
 465-48.3, (1898). 
 
 do Froggart, Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales, 9, No. 10, pp. 1216-1221, ( 1898). 
 do Leonard!, Lab. di. Ent. Agr. in Portici, p. 7, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart, vol. VIII, No. 2, p. 75, (1899). 
 
 do Guercio, Atti R. Accad. Eoon. Agr. Georg. Firenze, 4 ser., 22, 
 
 No. 1, pp. 50-76, (1899). 
 
 •do Morgan, La. Sta., Sp. Bull. — , pp. 61-110, (1899). 
 
 do Cockerell and Parrott, Industrialist, Mar. 1899, p. 163. 
 
 do Fuller, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1899, part IV, pp. 459, 460.* 
 
 do Gossard, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 51, p. 115, (Jan. 1900). 
 
 Lccaniodiuspis (?) parrotti. 
 
 Lecaniodiaipu parrotti Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 76, (1899). 
 
 Lecatiiod iaspis celtidis pruinosus. 
 
 Leoaniodiaspis celtidis ptruinoms Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 77, 
 (1899). 
 
hunter: coccidve of Kansas, iv. 
 
 Chionaspis ortholohis. 
 
 Chionaspis ortholobis Comstock, Kept. Ent., in Rept. Com. Agr., p. 317, (1880). 
 
 2d Rept. Dept. Ent., Corn. U. Exp. Sta., p. 
 105, (1883.) 
 
 do Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., p. 594, (1890). 
 
 do Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXVI, p. 189, (1894). 
 
 do Howard, Ins. Life, vol. VI, p. 328, (1894). 
 
 do Gillette and Baker, Hemipt. of Colo., p. 129, (1895). 
 
 do Cockerell, Bull. 24, N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 38, (1897). 
 
 do Osborn, Contr. from Dept. Zool. and Ent., Iowa .Agr. 
 
 Coll., No. 3, p. 5, (1898). 
 
 do Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Coll., Spec. Bull., 
 
 pp. 17, 18, (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 101, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Bull. Iowa Agr. Sta. No. 43, pp. 154, 155, (1899). 
 
 do King, Psyche, IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Chionaspis salicis-n igra’. 
 
 Aspidiotus salieis-nigra: Walsh, 1st Rept. Nox. Ins. 111., p. 39, (18G7). 
 Mytilaspis salicis Le Baron, Trans. 111. Hort. Soc., App., p. 140, (1871). 
 
 2d Rept. St. Ent. 111., p. 140, (1872). 
 
 Chionaspis salicis Comstock, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 320, (1881). 
 
 do Osborn, Trans. Iowa St. Hort. Soc., vol. XVII, p. 214, (1882). 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Ent., Corn. U. Exp. Sta., p. 106, (188.3). 
 
 Intro. Ent., part I, p. 151, (1888). 
 do Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., p. 593, (1890). 
 
 Mytilaspis salicis Forbes, 17th Rept. Nox. and Benif. Ins. 111., App., p. 23, (1891). 
 Chionaspis salicis Lugger, Bull. 43, Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 224, (1895). 
 
 do salicis-nigrce Gillette and Baker, Bull. 31, Colo. Exp. Sta., p. 129, 
 May, 1895.* 
 
 Chionaspis salicis Lugger, 1st Ann. Rept. Ent. Minn., p. 128, (1895). 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 224, (1898). 
 
 Contr. from Dept. Zool. and Ent. Iowa Agr. Coll., 
 No. 3, p. 4, (1898). 
 
 Chionaspis ortholobis bruncri Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. XXX, p. 135, (1898). 
 Chionaspis salicis-nigrce Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta. Mass., Spec. Bull., pp. 19-22, 
 
 (Aug., 1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 101, (1899). 
 
 Chionaspis aniericana. 
 
 Chionaspis amcricana (Johnson MS.), Howard, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
 
 Ent., Tech. Ser., No. 1, p. 44, (1895). 
 do , Lugger, Minn. Sta. Bull. 43, p. — , (1895). 
 
 do Johnson, Ent. News, vol. VII, p. 150, (1896). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. IV, p. 390, 
 
 (1896). 
 
 do Johnson, Bull. 6, n. s., Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
 
 p. 177, 1896. 
 
 do Lugger, 1st Ann. Rept. Ent. Minn., p. 129, (1896). 
 
 do Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Coll., Spec. Bull., 
 
 pp. 41-43, (1899). 
 
TO 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Chionaspis amerioana Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 102, (1899). 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 4.3, p. 152, (1899). 
 
 do King, Psyche, vol. IX, p. 117, Oct. 1900. 
 
 Chioudsjtis plat (I Hi. 
 
 Chionaspis plaiani Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Coll., Spec. Bull., 
 
 p. .36, (Aug. 1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 102, (1899). 
 
 Ch ion a sp is pin i fo iitv. 
 
 Astioidiuius pinifolice Fitch, Tr. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., vol. XV, p. 488, (1856). 
 
 2d. Kept. Nox. Benif. Ins. N. Y., (1856). 
 
 Tr. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., vol. XVII, p. 741, (1858). 
 4th Kept. Nox. Benif. Ins. N. Y., (1858). 
 do Walsh, Pract. Ent., vol. I, p. 90, (1866). 
 
 Mi/tilospis pinifolia Le Baron, 1st Ann. Rept. Nox. Ins. III., p. 8.3, (1871). 
 
 2d Ann. Rept. Nox. Ins. 111., p. 161, (1872). 
 do Riley, 5th Ann. Rept. Nox. Benif. Ins. Mo., p. 97. (1873). 
 
 do Beesey, Rept. Iowa St. Agr. Soc. 1874, p. 232, (1875). 
 
 Chionaspis pinifolice, Comstock. Ann. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1880, p. .318, 
 
 (1881). 
 
 Myiilaspis pinifolice Packard, Ins. Inj. to Forest and Shade Trees, Bull. 7, U. 
 
 S. Ent. Com., p. 218, il881). 
 
 Chionaspis pinifolice Riley, Am. Nat., vol. XVI, p 514, (1882). 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Rept. Dept. Ent. in Corn. U. Exp. Sta , 
 
 188.3, p. 105. 
 
 do Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont. 1883, p. .52, (1881). 
 
 do Lintner, 2d Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 184, (1885). 
 
 5th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 266, (1889). 
 ^^ytilasp>is pinifoliw Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., p. 805, (1890). 
 Chionaspis pinifolice Lintner, 7th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 384,(1891). 
 
 9th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. .376, (1893). 
 do Howard, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 
 
 No. 1, pp. 1,3, 22, 52, (1895). 
 
 do Lintner, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus.,.3, No. 13, pp. 207-,305, (1895). 
 
 do Comstock, Man. Study Ins., p. 174, (1895). 
 
 do Gillette and Baker, List Hemipt. Colo., Bull. Colo. Agr. 
 
 Exp. Sta. No. 31, p. 129, (1895). 
 do Ckll., Am. Nat., XXIX, pp. 7.30, 731, Aug. 1895. 
 
 do Lintner, 10th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 518, (1895). 
 
 do Webster, Ind. Hort. Rept. 1896, p. 16. 
 
 do .lohnson. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., pp. 75-78, (1896). 
 
 do Lintner, 11th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 20.3, (1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Bull. N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 24, p. .38, (1896). 
 
 do Barrows and Pettit, Mich. Sta., Bull. GO, pp. .339-436, 
 
 (1897). 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 224, (1898). 
 
 do Gillette, Bull. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 47, p. .36, (1898). 
 
 do Pettit, Bull. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 160, p. 415, (1898). 
 
 do Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Coll., Spec. Bull., 
 
 pp. .30-.34, (Aug. 1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. IX, No. 2, p. 104, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., p. 252. 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 4.3, pp. 157, 158, (1899). 
 
punter: coccid^: of Kansas, iv. 
 
 Chiotiusj>is fiirf ara. 
 
 ? Harris, Rep. Ins. of Mass. Inj. Veg., p. 202, (1841). 
 
 Aspidiotus fur/urus Fitch, Trane. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., vol. XVI, p. 352, (1856). 
 Aspidiolvs cerasi Fitch, Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., vol. XVI, p. 368, (1856). 
 AspidMus furf lines Fitch, 3d Kept. Nox. and other Ins., p. 352, (1857). 
 Aspidiotus cerasi Fitch, .3d Rept. Nox. and other Ins., p. 368, (1857). 
 
 ? Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg. (3d fed.), p. 254, (1862). 
 
 Coccus f harrisii Walsh, Pract. Ent., vol. II, p. 31, (1866). 
 
 Aspidiotus harrisii Walsh, Pract. Ent., vol. II, p. 119, (1867). 
 
 let Rept. Nox. Ins. 111., pp. 36-53, (1868). 
 do Riley, 1st Ann. Rept. Ins. Mo., p. 7, (1869). 
 
 Am. Ent., vol. II, pp. 110-181, (1870). 
 do 2d Ann. Rept. Ins. Mo., p. 9, (1870). 
 
 do Bethune, Rept. Ent. Soc, Ont., I, p. 303, (1870). 
 
 do Glover, Ann. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1870, p. 88, (1871). 
 
 do Beseey, Rept. Iowa St. Agr. Soc. 1874, p. 232, (1875). 
 
 Dias2^is harrisii Signoret, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. XVI, p. 604, (1876). 
 As^ndiotus harrisii Thomas, 7th Rept. Ins. 111., p. 108, (1878). 
 
 Chionaspis furfurus Comstock, Ann. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1880, p. 315, (1881). 
 Diasjns harrisii Riley, Am. Nat., vol. XV, p. 487, (1881). 
 
 Chionaspis fur/urus Lintner, 1st Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. .331, (1882). 
 Aspidiotus harrisii Packard, Guide Study Ins., p. 530, (1883). 
 
 Chionaspis furfurus Osborn, Tr. Iowa St. Hort. Soc., vol. XVII, p. 211, (1883). 
 do Hagen, Can. Ent., XVI, pp. 161-103, (1884).* 
 
 do Comstock, Intro, to Ent., part I, p. 151, (1888). 
 
 do Lintner, 4th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 208, (1888). 
 
 do Tryon, Rept. Ins. and Fung. Pests, No. 1, p. 89, (1889). 
 
 do Riley-Howard, Ins. Life, vol. I, p. 324, (1889). 
 
 do Lintner, 6th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., pp. 300-.326, ( 1889). 
 
 Aspidiotus cerasi Saunders, Ins. Inj. to Fruits, p. 204, (1889). 
 
 “A species of Coccus” Downing, Fruits and Fruit-trees of America, p. 66, (1890). 
 Chionaspis furfurus Riley-Howard, Ins. Life, vol. Ill, p. 4, (1890). 
 
 do Weed (C. M.), Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., vol. Ill, No. 4, 
 
 p. 128, (1890). 
 
 do Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., p. 537, (1890). 
 
 do Weed (C. M.), Ins. Insecticides, p. 66, (1891). 
 
 do Townsend, N. Mex. Sta., Bull. No. 3, p. 19, (1891). 
 
 do Gillette, Ins. Life, vol. Ill, p. 259, (1891). 
 
 do Weed (C. M.), Ann. Rept. Colum. Hort. Soc. 1890, p. 16, 
 
 (1891). 
 
 do Troop, Trans. Ind. Hort. Soc. 1891, p. 75, (1892). 
 
 do Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. XXIX, p. 16, (1892). 
 
 do Webster, Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 45, p. 208,(1892). 
 
 do Lintner, 8th Ann. Rept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., pp. 293-299, (1893). 
 
 do Osborn, Rept. Iowa St. Hort. Soc., XXVII, p. 122, (1893). 
 
 do Marlatt, Ins. Life, vol. VII, p. 120, (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Ann. Rept. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1894, p. 496, (1894). 
 
 do Bruner, Ann. Rept. Neb. St. Hort. Soc. , 1894, p. 175, ( 1894 ). 
 
 do Howard, Ins. Life, vol. VII, p. 5, (1894). 
 
 do Smith, Ins. Life, vol. VII, p. 186, (1894). 
 
 do Howard, Can. Ent., vol. XXVI, p. 354, (1894). 
 
 lO-K.U.Qr. A-x3 
 
KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Chionaspis furfurus Lintner, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 3, No. 13, pp. 266-305, (1895). 
 
 do Howard, Year-book U. S. Dept. Agr. 1884, p. 259, (1895). 
 
 do Garmau, Ky. Sta. Kept., pp. 32-57, (1895). 
 
 do Lintner, 10th Ann. Kept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 518, (1895). 
 
 do Webster, Ind. Hort. Kept., p. 7, (1896). 
 
 do Fletcher, Ann. Kept. Can. Exp. Farm, 1895, p. 148, (1896). 
 
 do Hopkins, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. No. 6, n. s., pp. 
 
 71-74, (1896). 
 
 do Howard, Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc. 1896, p. 89, (1896). 
 
 do Johnson, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. No. 6, n. s. , pp. 
 
 75-78, (1896). 
 
 do Lintner, 11th Ann. Kept. Inj. Ins. N. Y., pp. 202, 271, 
 
 288, (1896). 
 
 do Garman, 8th Ann. Kept. Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 37, (1896). 
 
 do Smith, Econ. Ent., p. 119, (1896). 
 
 do Coons, Rept. Sec. Bd. Agr. Conn. 1896, p. 16, (1896). 
 
 do Starnes, Bull. Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 36, p. 27, (1897). 
 
 do Lowe, Bull. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 582, (1897). 
 
 do Starnes, Ga. Sta., Bull. .36, (1897). 
 
 do Lintner, 12th Ann. Rep. Inj. Ins. N. Y., p. 348, (1897). 
 
 do Webster, Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 81, p. 210, (1897). 
 
 do Lintner, Country Gentleman, July 8, 1897. 
 
 do Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., vol. V, p. 224, (1898). 
 
 do Parrott, Trans. Ks. St. Hort. Soc., vol. 23, pp. 106-109, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Gillette, Bull. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. No. 47, p. 12, (1898). 
 
 do Barrows and Pettit, Mich. Sta., Bull. No. 160, p. 415, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Kirkland, Mass. Crop Rep., June, 1898, p. 28, (1898). 
 
 do Pettit, Bull. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 415, (1898). 
 
 do Osborn, Contr. from Dept. Zool. and Ent. , Iowa Agr. Coll. , 
 
 No. 3, p. 4, (1898). 
 
 do Bruner, Ins. Enemies Apple Tree, p. 147, (1899). 
 
 do ya,T. fuivus King, Psyche, vol. VIII, p. 334, (1899). 
 
 King, Can. Ent., p. 251, (18 — ). 
 
 do Cooley, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Coll., p. 23, (Aug. 
 
 10, 1899). 
 
 do Fernald, Com. Pa. Dept. Agr., Bull. No. 43, p. 18, (1899). 
 
 do Troop, Ind. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 78, vol. X, (1899). 
 
 do Smith, N. J. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta., Bull. No. 140, p. 7,(1899). 
 
 do Johnson, U. S. Dept. Agr., Dlv. Ent., Bull. 20, n. s., 
 
 pp. 62-68, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., p. 251, (18 — ). 
 
 do Reh, Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg, XVI, pp. 126-141, 
 
 (Mar. 1899). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 43, pp. 150-152, (1899). 
 
 do Felt, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. 6, No. 31, p. 578, (1900). 
 
 do Lochhead, Ont. Dept, of Agr., p. 42, (Mar. 1900). 
 
 do Chambliss, Tenn. Sta. Bull., vol. X, No. 4, pp. 141-151, 
 
 (18-). 
 
 do Frank and Kriiger, Schildlausbuch, pp. 100, 101, 1900. 
 
 - do Cockerell, Science, XI, n. s., p. 671, Apr. 27, 1900. 
 
HUNTER : COCOIDj'E OP KANSAS, IV. 
 
 
 Fulvinaria innumerabiUs, 
 
 Coccus innumerahilis Rathvon, Pa. Farm. Journ., vol. IV., pp. 256-258, (1854). 
 Lccanium acericorticis Fitch, Trana. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., 1859, vol. XIX, pp. 
 775, 776, (1860). 
 
 Coccus aceris Leidy, Kept, to Councils Phila. on Ins. Inj. to Shade-trees, 1862. 
 Lecanium acericola Walsh and Riley, Amer. Ent., vol. I, pp. 14, 15, (1868). (A 
 wrong determination.) 
 
 Lccanium macluroi Walsh and Riley, Amer. Ent. vol. I, p. 14, (1868). 
 Lecanium acerella Rathvon, Lancaster Farmer, vol. VIII, pp. 101, 102, (1876). 
 Pulvinaria innumerabUis Comstock, Rept. Ent., in Rept. Com. Agr. 1880, p. 
 
 334, (1880). 
 
 2d Rept. Dept. Ent. in Corn. Univ. Exp. 
 Sta., p. 137, (1883). 
 
 do Mann, Psyche, IV, p. 224, (1884). 
 
 do Saunders and Mundt, Can. Ent., vol. 16, pp. 141, 
 
 143, 210, 211, 240, (1884). 
 
 do Riley, Rept. U. S. Ent., pp. 350-355, (1855).* 
 
 do Weed, Ohio Sta. Bull., vol. Ill, No. 11, 2d ser., p. 
 
 72, (1890).* 
 
 do Garman, Ky. Sta., Bull. No. ,39, p. 11, (1892). 
 
 Ky. Sta., Bull. No. 47, pp. 3-53, (1893). 
 do Cockerell, Science, XXII, p. 78, (1893).* 
 
 do Smith, Rept. Ent., N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., pp. 505-509, 
 
 (1894). 
 
 do Lugger, Minn. Sta., Bull. 4.3, pp. 99-252, (1895). 
 
 do Lintner, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., .3, No. 13, pp. 267- 
 
 305, (1895). 
 
 do Johnson, Pa. Dept. Agr. Rept., pp. 345-37.3, (1896). 
 
 do Hubbard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. Ill, p. 
 
 319, (1896). 
 
 do Cockerell, Ent., vol. XXX, No. 404, pp. 12-14, (1897). 
 
 do Gillette, Colo. Sta. Rept., pp. 55-61, (1897). 
 
 do Hunter, Bull. Dept. Ent. Univ. Kan., pp. 25-27, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Pelt, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. V, No. 23, p. 2.39, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Hopkins, Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bull. 17, n. s., pp. 
 
 44-49, (1898). 
 
 do Felt, Ext. from 4th Ann. Rept. Com. on Fishes, etc., 
 
 p. 29, (1898). 
 
 do Gillette, Colo. Agr. St. Exp. Sta., Bull. 47, p. 3.3, 
 
 (1898). 
 
 do Felt, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. VI, No. 27, p. 52, 
 
 (1899). 
 
 do Ckll. and Parrott, Industrialist, p. 281, (1899). 
 
 do Smith, Rept. Ent., N. J. Coll. Exp. Sta., p. 446, 
 
 (1899). 
 
 do Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. IX, No. 2, p. 104, (1899). 
 
 do Newell, Iowa Sta., Bull. 43, pp. 170-172, (1899). 
 
 do King, Can. Ent., vol. XXXI, p. 142, (1899). 
 
 do Howard, Bull. No. 22, n. s., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
 
 Ent., p. 7, (1900). 
 
74 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 
 Pulvlnaria innumerabilis Felt, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus., vol. VI, No. .31, p. 581, 
 
 (1900). 
 
 do King, Psyche, vol. IX, p. 117, (1900). 
 
 do Brown, Bull. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc., I, No. 1, pp. 65- 
 
 67, (1900).* 
 
 do King, Psyche, p. 154, (1901).* 
 
 do Hillman, Nev. Sta., Bull. 36. 
 
 do Chambliss, Tenn. Sta. Bull., vol. X, No. 4, pp. 141- 
 
 151. 
 
 do Piper and Doane, Wash. Sta., Bull. .36. 
 
 do Piper, Wash. Sta., Bull. 1, pp. 121-127. 
 
 Puli'inuria pruni. 
 
 Pulvinaria pruni Hunter, K. U. Quart., vol. IX, No. 2, p. 104, (1899). 
 
 Parlatoria peryuDdci. 
 
 Pcivldtovict p€vffcincl6i Comstock, Kept. Ent. in Kept. Com. Agr. 1880, p. .327. 
 
 do Comstock, 2d Kept. Dept. Ent. Corn. Univ. Exp. Sta., 
 
 1883, p. 113. 
 
 do Hubbard, Ins. aff. Orange, U. S. Dept. Ent., 1885, p. .37. 
 
 do Green, Ent. Monthly, ser. 2, 7, No. 74, p. 41, (1896). 
 
 The following synonymy is taken from C. L. Marlatt’s MSS. of March 2, 1900: 
 Pergandei Comst. (merges into profews Curt.) 
 
 Syn. var. cameUife Comst. 
 
 “ var. crolonis Ckll. 
 
 “ var. affinis Newst. 
 
 “ var. calianthina B. & L. (not seen; ? var. (hecv Ckll.) 
 
 “ var. t/icrc Ckll. ( ? calianthina^. ^Ij.) 
 
 “ (?) dryandrcB Full. 
 
 “ var. euonymi Ckll. 
 
 “ myrlus Mask. 
 
 “ (?) Mask. 
 
 “ sinensis Mask. 
 
 “ var. viridis Ckll. 
 
 “ var. virescens Mask. 
 viridis Full. 
 
 Parlatoria pergandei Morgan, La. Sta., Bull. 28, 2d ser., pp. — , (18—). 
 
 La. Sta., Sp. Bull., pp. — , (18—). 
 
 Parlatoria proleus Curt., var. pergandei Comst., King. Can. Ent., vol. — , p. 228. 
 Parlatoria pergandei Reh., Zeitschrift fiir Entom., vol. V, p. 162, June, 1900.* 
 do Ckll., Amer. Nat., July, 1897, p. 592.* 
 
 do Craw, Kept. Bd. Hort. Cal., vol. V, pp. 41, 42, pi. VIII, 
 
 fig. 5, 1895-’90.* 
 
 Kerin es nirnlis. 
 
 Kermes nivalis King and Ckll., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. II, 1898. 
 do King, Can. Ent., p. 139, (1899), vol. XXXI. 
 
 Psyche, p. 80, July, 1900. 
 
 Ckll., Psyche, IX, p. 44, Apr. 1900.* 
 
 do 
 
hunter; COCCID.E OF KANSAS, IV. 
 
 Keriiies jmbesceits. 
 
 Kermcs pubescens Bogue, Can. Ent., vol. 30, No. 7, p. 172, (1898). 
 do King, Can. Ent., p. 139. 
 
 Psyche, p. 80, July, 1900. 
 do Ckll, Psyche, IX, p. 44, Apr. 1900.* 
 
 Oi’tli.esia r/raniiiiis. 
 
 Orlhesia graminis Tinsley, Can. Ent., vol. 30, No. 1, p. 13, (1898). 
 
 Noth.— To the list of food-plants Miss Etta Willett, a student of this department, added a 
 number, an exact account of which was not taken at the time. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Other Coccidse Reported from Kansas. 
 
 Kermcs concinnidus Ckll., Cockerell, on oak. Can. Ent., p. 172, (1898). 
 Aspidiotus marlatli Parrott, on Andropogon scoparius and Andropogon 
 furccdus, Can. Ent., p. 282, (1899). 
 
 Antonina nortoni Parrott and Ckll., on Bouteloua racemosa, Can. Ent., Oct. 
 (1899). 
 
 Lecanium longiduin Dougl., Parrott, Industrialist, p. .39, (1899). 
 
 Lccanium pruinosum Comst., ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus cyanophytli Sign., ibid. 
 
 Aulacaspis boisduvalii Sign., ibid. 
 
 Parlatoria proteus Curt., ibid. 
 
 Aspidiotus helianthi Parrott, Can. Ent., vol. 31, p. 176 (1899). 
 
 Antonina bouteloua: Parrott, on Bouteloua hirsuta, Parrott, Kan. Agr. Coll. 
 Bull. No. 98, p. 138, (1900). 
 
 Antonina purpurea Sign., on Milium and Agripyrum, ibid. 
 
 Antonina graminis Parrott, on EragroHs trichodes, Bulbil is dactyloides, 
 Paspalum cillati/oUum, ibid., p. 140. 
 
 Oymnococus nativus Parrott, on Sporohoius cryptandrus, ibid., p. 143. 
 Pseudolecanium obscurum Parrott, on Androgopon scoparius and Sporo- 
 boiis longifolius, ibid., p. 145. 
 
 Pseudolecanium californicum Ehrhorn, on Androgopon /urcatus, ibid., 
 p. 145. 
 
 Erieoccus kemptonia Parrott, ibid., p. 144. 
 
 Pulvinaria hunteri, on maple. King, MS. 
 
 Laboratokt of Comparative Zoology and Entomology. 
 
 July, 1901. 
 
1 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 Abdomen — The part of the insect posterior to the thorax. 
 
 Anal lobes or plates — A pair of small triangular hinged processes forming a valve 
 covering the anal orifice in the Lecaniinse. 
 
 Anal orifice — The external opening of the intestine visible as a circular opening 
 in the central part of the pygidium. 
 
 Anal ring — A chitinous ring around the anal orifice. 
 
 Anal tubercles — A pair of rounded or conical processes found one on each side of 
 the anal orifice in the larva of Hemicoecina:. 
 
 Antennic — A pair of jointed sensory organs used as feelers, found on the head. 
 
 Appendages — Ovitgiowths from the body or any part of the body; used as a gen- 
 eral term for mouth-parts, antenna;, legs and wings, or processes on the 
 tarsi called digitules. 
 
 Apterous — Wingless. 
 
 Balancers — (See halteres). 
 
 Carina — A keel or ridge. 
 
 Carinated — Having a keel or ridge. 
 
 Caudad — Towards the caudal or posterior part of the body. 
 
 Caudal — Pertaining to the posterior extremity. 
 
 Cephalic — Pertaining to the anterior or head end of the body. 
 
 Cephalad — Towards the head. 
 
 Chitin — A hard, tough, horny substance found in the skin and hard parts of 
 insects. 
 
 Circumgenital glands — (Also called grouped glands, ventral glands and spin- 
 nerets). Small circular glands arranged round the genital orifice in groups 
 resembling bunches of grapes. 
 
 Compressed — Flattened laterally. 
 
 Coxa — Basal joint of the leg. 
 
 Cuticle — Thin outer skin. 
 
 Depressed — Flattened from above. 
 
 Digitules — Appendages often found on the feet of coccidw. Found in Lecanium 
 as knobbed hairs. 
 
 Dorsad — Towards the back. 
 
 Dorsal — Pertaining to the back of the insect. 
 
 Dorsal scale — The part of the scale rvhich covers insects belonging to the Diaspinse. 
 
 Eedysis — The moult or change of skin. 
 
 Exuvise — The cast-dlT skins, forming part of the dorsal scale. 
 
 hemur — The third joint of the leg, between the trochanter and the tibia, but for 
 measuring juirposes the trochanter and femur being fused together are con- 
 sidered as one piece. 
 
 Fi 1 i form — Thread-sha pcd. 
 
 Grouped glands — (See circiungenital glands). 
 
 Halteres, also called balancers — A pair of small organs replacing the hind wings 
 in the males of Coccida'. They have a strap-shaped basal part with one or 
 more stout hooked bristles on the end. 
 
 Honey-dew — A sticky substance secreted by Coccidie and some other Homoptera. 
 
 Incisions — Marginal slits or notches. 
 
 Latcrad — Towards the side, away from the median line. 
 
 Larva, larval stages — Stages of the insect up to the pupa, in Diaspiiife to the 
 second moult. 
 
 ( 77 ) 
 
78 
 
 Lobe A prominent rounded process found on the cuudal margin of the pygidium 
 
 in the Diaspinse. 
 
 Mesad — Toward the median line. 
 
 Mesal — Relating to the middle. 
 
 Metamorphosis — Change of form during development. 
 
 Millimetre (mm.)— The 1000th part of a metre; approximately equal to the 
 twenty-fifth part of an inch. 
 
 Oviparous — Laying eggs. 
 
 Oviposition— The act of laying eggs. 
 
 Parasitised — Affected by parasites. 
 
 Parthenogenesis — Reproduction by the female without intercourse with the male, 
 by internal budding. 
 
 Pellicles — Exuvise. 
 
 Plates, or squames— Broad, flat, horny, transparent organs found along the 
 posterior and lateral edges of the body of some of the Coccidae. 
 
 Process — Any noticeable projection or extension of the body. 
 
 Puparium— Covering scale of the Diaspina;. 
 
 Pupa — The chrysalis. 
 
 Pygidium — Caudal portion of the atidomcn of the Diaspina; formed by the fusion 
 of a number of segments. 
 
 Sac — The cottony covering secreted by some Coccida:. 
 
 Scale— The covering of the Diaspinse, formed of cast-off skins and excretions, also 
 the waxy covering of the male Lecanid. The word is often used as a general 
 term for any insect belonging to the family of Coccida; whether they produce 
 a scale or not. 
 
 Secretion — Matter produced by the various glands of the body. It may be made 
 of closely-woven fibers as in the Diaspina;, or be waxy, cottony, or mealy. 
 
 Secretory — Concerned in the process of secretion. 
 
 Segments, Somites — The transverse divisions of the body. 
 
 Seta — A bristle or long, stiff hair. 
 
 Setiferous — Bearing setae. 
 
 Somites — ( See segments ) . 
 
 Spatulate — Flattened and expanded at the tip. 
 
 Si)innerets — The secretory organs found in various parts of the body, consisting 
 of internal tubes terminating in pores, spines or conical hairs. In the 
 Diaspina: there are found groups of spinnerets in the pygidium, called ven- 
 tral, grouped, or circumgenital glands. 
 
 Spiracles — External openings of the trachea;. 
 
 Squames — (See plates). 
 
 Suctorial — Having sucking mouth-parts. 
 
 Tarsi — The distal joints of the leg succeeding the tibia. 
 
 Tarsal — Pertaining to the tarsi. 
 
 Test — The waxy, glassy, or horny covering of various Coccida;. 
 
 Tibia — The joint of the leg between the femur and the tarsi. 
 
 Trochanter — The joint between the femur and tlie coxa, and usually fused with 
 the femur. 
 
 Truncate — Having the appearance of having the extremity cut off by a plane 
 parallel to the base. 
 
 Ventral — Pertaining to the under .side of the insect. 
 
 Ventral scale — The part of the scale under the insect. 
 
 Wax glands — Glands .secreting wax, found in the pygidium as circumgenital 
 glands; also in other parts of the body, hut of different structure. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Aspidiotus — 
 
 generic characters of, IX. 
 specie.s, classification of, IX. 
 sesculi solus, 12-13. 
 host, 42. 
 lit., 62. 
 
 ancylus, 3, 4, 6, 12. 
 host, 38. 
 lie., 51-52. 
 andromelas, 10. 
 cyanophylli, 75. 
 fernahli, subsp. albiventer, 0. 
 host. 39. 
 lit., 53. 
 
 forbesi, 3, 12, 33. 
 host, 38. 
 lit., 50-51. 
 greenii, 11. 
 host, 41. 
 lit.. 61. 
 
 hedene nerii, 11. 
 host. 41. 
 lit., 61-62. 
 hclianthi, 75. 
 juglans regiae, 8, 9, 12. 
 host, 39. 
 lit., 53-54. 
 limonii, 11. 
 inarlatti, 75. 
 obscurus. 7, 35. 
 host, 39. 
 lit., 53. 
 osborni, 5, 35. 
 host, 59. 
 lit., 53. 
 
 perniciosus, 10. 
 host, 39. 
 lit., 54-61. 
 
 .solus, 13. 
 
 lit., 62. 
 iilnii, 6. 
 host, 39.. 
 lit, 53. 
 iivic. 4. 
 liost, 39. 
 lit., 52-53. 
 
 Bibliography, 50-75. 
 
 Carteria lacea, V. 
 
 Ceroplastes ceriferus, V. 
 
 Chionaspis — 
 
 generic characters of, IX. 
 species, classification of, X. 
 americana, 30. 
 host, 48. 
 lit., 69. 
 
 furfura. X, XI. 
 host. 49. 
 lit. 71-7?. 
 ortholobis, 29-30. 
 host, 47. 
 lit. 69. 
 pinifolia;, 32. 
 host. 48. 
 lit, 70. 
 platani, 31. 
 host, 48. 
 lit, 70. 
 
 salicis nigroe, 29, 30. 
 host. 47. 
 lit., 69. 
 
 Classification, V’ll. 
 
 Coceidte. origin of word, V. 
 characters, V. 
 products of, V. 
 
 Coceinae. VIII. 
 
 Coccus cacti. VI. 
 
 Coccus mannifera, VI. 
 
 Collection, mode of, VI. 
 
 Diaspina;. VIII. 
 
 Diaspis — 
 
 generic characters of, IX. 
 snow'ii, 14. 
 host, 44. 
 lit., 65. 
 
 Ericerus pela, V. 
 
 Food plants, 37-50. 
 
 Ilemicoccina', VIII. 
 
 Kermes — 
 
 concinnulus — 
 host, 75. 
 lit., 75. 
 nivalis — 
 
 host. 37, 50, 
 lit., 74. 
 
 ( 79 ) 
 
80 
 
 Kcrmes — 
 
 pubescens — 
 host, 37, 50. 
 lit., 75. 
 
 Lccaiiiina;, V. 
 
 Lecanium — 
 
 generic characters of, X. 
 species, classification of, X. 
 armeniacinn, XI, 21, 22. 25. 
 lit., 65. 
 
 anrantiacuin, XI, 35. 
 lit., 65. 
 
 canadense, 18, 35. 
 host, 44. 
 lit., 65. 
 
 cockerelli. 20, 35. 
 host. 44. 
 lit., 65. 
 coiTciC, 25. 
 host, 45. 
 lit., 67. 
 
 hesperiduni. 25. 
 host, 44-45. 
 lit., 65-67. 
 kansasense, 10. 
 host, 44. 
 lit., 65. 
 longuluin. 75. 
 maclnra?, 17. 
 host, 44. 
 
 ■* substitution of anrantiacuin 
 35. 
 
 niiranduni, 75. 
 olcsp. 25. 
 
 host, 46-47. 
 lit., 67-68. 
 pruinosum, 75. 
 rugosuiu. 22. 
 
 Lecaniodiaspis (?) — 
 parroti, 26. 
 host, 47. 
 lit., 68. 
 
 Lecaniodiaspis — 
 
 ccltidis pruinosus, 27. 
 host, 47. 
 lit, 68. 
 
 Llaveia axinus, VI. 
 
 Margarodes sp., V. 
 
 Mytilaspis — 
 
 generic characters of, IX. 
 poiuoruiu, 14. 
 
 Orthesia — 
 
 graniinis, 37. 
 host, 50. 
 lit., 75. 
 
 Ortheziinse — 
 
 classification of, VIII. 
 
 Parlatoria — 
 
 generic characters of, IX. 
 pergandei, 33. 
 host, 49. 
 lit.. 74. 
 protcus, 33. 
 lit., 75. 
 
 Pulvinaria — 
 huntcri, 75. 
 innuinerabilis, 32. 
 host, 48-49. 
 lit., 7.3-74. 
 pruni, 32. 
 host, 49. 
 lit.. 74. 
 
 Pygidiuin, VII. 
 
 Technique, 1. 
 
 Terms — 
 
 explanation of, VII. 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 Fig. I. Aspidioitts forbesi Johns. One side of anal plate of 
 female. On cherry. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 2. Aspidiotus forbesi Johns. Anal plate of female. On 
 crab apple. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 3. Variations in anal plate of the forbesi found on crab 
 apple and illustrated in Fig. 2. 
 
 Fig. 4. Aspidiotus forbesi Johns Anal plate of female. On 
 apple. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 5. Aspidiotus forbesi Johns, 
 cherry. Seward Co., Kansas. 
 
 Anal plate of female. On 
 
PLATE I. 
 
 
 • •v 
 
 Kan. Univ. Quau., Vol. VIII, Serius A. 
 
 1»L 
 

 
PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 6. Aspidiotus forbesi Johns. Anal plate of female. On 
 apple. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 7. Aspidiotus foj-besi Johns. Anal plate of female. On 
 cherry. Two miles N. W. of Lawrence. 
 
 The letters upon these Figures have no reference to letters dis- 
 tinguishing lots in the text upon the species. TJiey are placed 
 upon the Figures to call attention to the series, which are produced 
 to illustrate variations and resembipnces of forbesi brought together 
 from widely separated localities and taken from different hosts. 
 
 Fig. 8. Aspidiotus ancyclus Putnam. Anal plate of female. On 
 maple. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 9. Aspidiotus ancyclus Putnam. Anal plate of female. On 
 maple. Chitinous processess deeper, more club-shaped than typi- 
 cal specimen. Dorsal glands smaller but more numerous than in 
 lot from which Figure 8 was drawn. 
 

 1* 
 
 
 Kan. Univ. Quak.. Voi.,. VIII, Sebiks A. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 0 . 
 
 Fig. 7 . 
 
 Fig. H. 
 
 Klla Weeks aiul S. .1. Hunter, u<l nat. del. 
 
3S- 
 
 
 ;« 
 
 1 / 
 
 
 J: V : i 
 
 .*■ 
 
 
 

PLATE III. 
 
 Fig. 10. Aspidioius uva Comst. Anal plate of female. On 
 grape. lola. 
 
 Fig. II. Aspidiotiis uva: Comst. var. anal plate of female. 
 On Carya abla Nutt. Lawrence. 
 
 Fig. 12. Aspidiotiis osborni Newell and Ckll. Anal plate of 
 female. 
 
 Fig. 13. Antenna, ceplialic leg, and caudal portion of body of 
 Nymph of Aspidiotiis osborni Newell and Ckll. 
 
 Fig. 14. Aspidiotiis ulmi ]ohns. Anal plate of female. 
 
«V‘» ■ 
 
 Kan. Univ. Quah., Voi„ VIH, JJehies A. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 I'iK- 1 1 
 
 Fig. iz. 
 
 
 Fig. 1,^. 
 
 Ella Wei'lis and S. .1. lluiUnr. ad iial. del. 
 
r 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 ’ h‘' 
 
 ‘ “‘-^v 
 
 v«*. '‘^' ‘ . -■ -■• 
 
 •i 
 
 ' -#■ '•■' 
 
 •>• • 
 
 _ vv' 
 
 
 
 . : '--v ■• • ... .'V >- 
 
 'i 
 
L 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 Fig. 15. Aspidiotus fernaldi Ckll., sub species albiventer sub 
 sp. nov. Anal plate of female. 
 
 Fig. 16. Variations in anal plate of female of sub. sp. albiventer. 
 
 Fig. 17. Aspidiotus juglans-regice Comst. var. anal plate of 
 female. 
 
 Fig. 18. Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. San Jose scale. Anal 
 plate of female, showing variation from original description. 
 
Ka.n. Univ. yuAR , VOL. vin. Series A. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Kllu Weeks itn<l S. .1. Hunter, lul iiiit del. 
 
PLATE V. 
 
 Fig. ig. Aspuiiotus pcrniciosus Comst. Anal plate of female 
 showing normal structure of this lot of specimens. 
 
 Fig. 20. Aspidiotus peniiciosus. The upper figure is the left 
 side of anal plate and the lower figure is the right side of another 
 specimen transposed for comparison. 
 
 Figs. 21, 22. Aspidiotus pcrniciosus. One side of anal plate of 
 females showing variations. 
 
 Fig. 23. Newly born nymph of A. pcrniciosus Comst. Antenna 
 and cephalic leg enlarged on the right. 
 
Kan. Usiv. Quab,, Voi„ VIII, Series A. 
 
 plate V. 
 
 Fig. 20. 
 
 Kllu Weelis ami 8. J, Hunter, iid iiat, del. 
 
 23 - 
 

PLATE VI. 
 
 Fig. 24. Aspidiotus greenii QMW. Anal plate of female. 
 Fig. 25. Aspidiotus obscurus Comst. Anal plate of female. 
 Fig. 26. Aspidiotus hedera Vail., var. nerii Bouche'. 
 scales showing circular shape and central position of exuvias. 
 
 Fig. 27. Aspidiotus hederce Vail., var. nerii Bouche'. 
 plate of female. 
 
 Male 
 
 Anal 
 
K.. • 
 
 
 Kan. I'Niv. Qlak.. Voi.. VIII, .Seuies A. PLATE VI 
 
 Fig. 2f.. 
 
 Ella Weeks and S. J. Hunter, nd nat, del. 
 

 
PLATE VII. 
 
 Fig. 28. Wing, antenna, and cephalic leg of male oi A. v. nerii 
 Bouche'. 
 
 Fig. 29. Sketch showing variations in shape of the three pairs 
 of lobes in A. v. nerii Bouche'. 
 
 Fig. 30. Aspidiotus asculi Johns., sub species solus, sub. sp. 
 nov. A median group of from one to two circumgenital glands 
 was found in majoritj' of the specimens examined. They are not 
 shown in this figure, as they are frequently concealed beneath the 
 club here shown. This sketch further illustrates the extreme num- 
 ber of plates found. 
 
 Fig. 31. Diaspis snowii s'p. nov. Anal plate of female. 
 
 Fig. 32. Diaspis snowii sp. nov. Scales of males. 
 
 F'S- 33 - Diaspis snowii sp. nov. Scales of females. 
 
f . 
 
 Kan. Univ. goAH . Vol. Vlir, Skries A. 
 
 t'ig. eH. 
 
 
 ■ ■ . J 
 
 ■•< 
 
 PLATE VII. ' ' 
 
 Fig. ji. 
 
 Fig. 32. 
 
 Ella Woi'ks and 8. .T, Hunter, ad nat, del. 
 
i 
 
 
 i 
 

PLATE VIII. 
 
 Fig. I. Lccanium niaclurce nov. sp. on osage orange. Adult 
 female on center of twig, immature female on side of twig. En- 
 larged six times. 
 
 Fig. 2. Lecanium maclura- nov. sp. Antenna, prothoracic leg, 
 mesothoracic leg, and metathoracic leg of adult female. Claws 
 of pro- and mesothoracic legs enlarged beneath respective mem- 
 bers. Two digitules of claw seen only in mesothoracic leg. En- 
 larged about 125 times. 
 
Kan. Univ. QoAn., Vol, VUI, Series A. 
 
 PLATE Vtll 
 
 Pig. 1. 
 
 Ella Weeks, del. ad nat. 
 
 Pig. 2. 
 
PLATE IX. 
 
 Fig. I. Leca?iium canadense, Ckll. on Ulmus americatia. ■ Dorsal 
 view of female. Enlarged ten times. 
 
 Fig. 2. Lecattium canadense, Ckll. on Ulmus amcricana. Lateral 
 view of female. Enlarged ten times. 
 
 Fig. 3. Lccanium canadense, Ckll. Antenna, and metathoracic 
 leg of female. Enlarged about 125 times. 
 
 Fig. 4. Lecanium kansasense, nov. sp. Dorsal view of female, 
 on Ccrcis canadensis. Enlarged si.x times. 
 
 Fig. 5. Lecanium kansasense. Antenna and leg of female. En- 
 larged about 125 times. 
 

 Rlla Weeks, del. ad nat. 
 
PLATE X. 
 
 Fig. I. Lecanium cockerelli, nov. sp. Dorsal view of female on 
 Ulmus americana. Enlarged 12 times. 
 
 Fig. 2. Lecanium cockerelli, nov. sp. Antenna and leg of female 
 on Ulmus americana. Enlarged about 125 times. 
 
 Fig. 3. Lecanium cockerelli, nov. sp. Antenna and leg of female 
 on Juglans ni^ra. Enlarged about 125 times. 
 
 Fig. 4. Lecanium armeniacum Craw. a. Antenna of female beating 
 six joints; b, antenna of female bearing seven joints; c, leg of 
 female. 
 
 Attention is called to tlie fact that bristle extending from the 
 distal end of joint 3, in the seven-jointed variety, was not found in 
 any of the 13 specimens examined of the six-jointed variety, 
 extending as would be expected from the middle of the long 3d 
 segment. The long 3d segment always bore hairs at distal end 
 and nowhere else. 
 
ICan. Univ. Quah., Vol. YIII, Series A. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 Ella Weeks del. ad iiat. 
 
PLATE XI. 
 
 Fig. I. Lecaniiim hcsperidum L. Dorsal view of female on 
 Citrus sp. Enlarged 15 times. 
 
 Fig. 2. Letanium hesperidum L. a. Antenna of female on Citrus 
 sp. Enlarged about 125 times, h. Antenna of female as deline- 
 ated by Berlese (Tracing sent by Professor Cockerell). 
 
 Fig. 3. Lecanium hesperidum L. a Antenna of female, h. An- 
 tenna of female drawn to show difference in sizes, c. Leg of 
 female. On Hedera helix. Enlarged about 125 times. 
 
 Fig 4. Lecanium coffece Walker. Antenna and leg of female. 
 
 Fig. 5. Lecanium olece Bernard. Antenna and leg of female, 
 5th joint not always distinct. On Nerium oleander. Enlarged 
 about 125 times. 
 
Ellft <h‘\. .'ul nat. 
 
PLATE XII. 
 
 Fig. I. LeCiiniodiaspis leltidis Ckll , sub. sp. prutnosus sub. sp. 
 nov. Dorsal view of female on Ulmus americana. 
 
 Fig. 2. Lecaniodiaspis celtidis Ckll. sub. sp. pruinosus sub. sp. 
 nov. Antenna of female. Enlarged about 125 times. 
 
 Fig. 3. Lecaniodiaspis celtidis QMW. Antenna of female. Enlarged 
 about 125 times. 
 
 Fig. 4. Lecaniodiaspis {d) parrotti, nov. sp. Dorsal view of 
 female on Aesculiis glabra. Enlarged 12 times. 
 
 Fig. 5. Lecaniodiaspis (?) parrotti, nov. sp. lateral view of 
 female. On Aesculiis glabra. Enlarged 12 times. 
 

 Kan. L’niv. Quau.. Vdi,. Vlll, Seuiku A. 
 
 t'l.ATK Xll. 
 
 K!fr. 4. 
 
 li'liJ. 5. 
 
 EUa \Vi‘ol\s, tivl. ad iial. 
 
PLATK XIII. 
 
 Pig. 1 . — Chionaspis ortholobis Comstock, on Salix sp. Anal plate of fe- 
 male, showing somewhat irregular position of dorsal glands. 
 
 Fig. 2 . — Chionaspis ortholobis Comstock, on cottonwood, Populus sp. Anal 
 plate of female, illustrating variations in second and third lobes. The dorsal 
 glands, second and third rows, in this figure, as in figure 1, are shown beneath 
 the circumgenital glands. These are frequently located laterad of circumgenital 
 glands. 
 
PLATE XIII. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 

A . t 
 
PLATE XrV. 
 
 Fig. 1 . — Chionaspis salicis-nigrce Walsh, on Salix sp. Anal plate of fe- 
 male. • 
 
 Fig. 2 . — Chionaspis americana Johnson, on Ulmus americana. Anal 
 plate of female, (a) Variation in margin of median and second lobe ; (b) illus- 
 trates marginal variations and forked plates. 
 
PLATE XIV. 
 
 
 KHa Weiku, (ti'l. ad iial. 
 
 FiK. 
 
PLATE XV. 
 
 Fig. 1 . — Chionaspis platani Cooley, on sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. 
 Anal plate of female. 
 
 Fig. 2 . — Chionaspis pinifoUce Fitch, on Pinus sp. Anal plate of female. 
 
PLATE XV. 
 
 

 
 f 
 
 
PLATE XVI. 
 
 Fig. 1 . — Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv. Leg and antenna of female. 
 Greatly enlarged. 
 
 Fig. 2 . — Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv. Adult female on twig, the cot- 
 tony covering of the egg mage frayed by the weather. Enlarged. 
 
 Fig. .3 . — Pulvinaria pruni, n. sp. Sketch of nymph, its antenna, and leg, 
 at time of location upon the plum leaf. Enlarged. 
 
PLATE XVI. 
 
 f 
 
 
 JClla Weeks, del, ad nal. 
 
T 
 
PLATE XVII. 
 
 Pulvinaria pruni, n. sp., on leaves and twig of plum. Adult females, be- 
 ing much recurved and shriveled, do not show clearly at the ends of the cottony 
 egg masses. 
 
PLATE XVII. 
 
 f»'rom fi phofo(/raj)h. 
 
PLATE XVIII. 
 
 Fig. 1 . — Pulvinaria pruni, n. sp. Antenna. Anterior (A), median (B), pos- 
 terior {C) legs of adult female on leaves of plum. Greatly enlarged. 
 
 Fig. 2. — Antenna. Anterior (..4), median (B), posterior ( C) legs of adult female 
 on plum twigs. Greatly enlarged. 
 
PLATE XVIir. 
 
 
 
 KUa lIVcArs, del. ad nat. 
 
 Fipr. 2. 
 
PLATE 
 
 XIX 
 
 Fig. l.—Parlatoria pergandci Comstock, on orange, Citrus sp. 
 
 Fig. 2. — (a) Parlatoria pergandei. First, second, third and fourth lobes, 
 with variations. (6) Parlatoria proteus Curt., on Pinus insignis. 
 
 Note the variation in the papillar fourth lobe of pergandci, and presence of 
 plate beyond fourth lobe oi proteus. 
 
Kan. Univ. Quar., Vol. IX, Series A. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 XIX 
 
 IClla WeekSy del. ml nat. 
 
 Fitf. 2. 
 
 
I 
 
Kan. Univ. Quar., Vol. X, Series A. 
 
 PLATE 
 
 XX 
 
 Pi(i. 1 . — Kermes ptibesrenx on (^uercux alba, Lawrence. 
 
 Fio. 2 . — Kermcx nivalis on l^nercns alba, Lawrence. 
 
 Pi(i. 3. — Ventral view of Ortliezia 
 c/raminis on goldenrod (S'olidafyo sp.), 
 without posteriorly elongated egg sac. 
 Mrs. S. G. Cady, col., Blue Rapids, 
 Marshall county. 
 
 Pi(i. 4. — Dorsal view of Ortliezia 
 f/raminis, showing posteriorly elon- 
 gated egg sac. 
 
 Photographn bp the author. 
 
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