[;il^f|!(!:l!HiHlr^Vil I % N F CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Date Due '-^ ^'rmiHr^t UH Cornell University Library F 29B77 G79 History of Boothbay Southport and Boi olin 3 1924 028 809 824 'm Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028809824 KkANCIS. H. ('rKKKXE. HISTORY ap BOOTHBAY, SOUTHPORT AND BooTHBAY Harbor Maine. 1623 - 190?. WITH Family Genealogies BY FRANCIS B. GREENE, Member of the Maine Historical Society, the Maine Genealogical Society and the New England Historic Genealogical Society. ILLUSTRATED BY MAPS, CUTS AND PORTRAITS. "A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with pride by remjjte descendants." — Macaulay. PORTLAND : LoRiNG, Short & Harmon, 1906. /\7V^^ Copyright 1906 By Francis B. Greene, Boothbay Harbor, Me. The Lakeside Press Co., Portland, Maine, Engravers, Printers and Binders. t i^f'fiA TO THE MEMORY OF William Kenniston, whose acquaintance I enjoyed for five years, and who, by his remarkable memory, keen wit and sentiment, ready fund of reminiscence and anecdote, and pleasing conversational quali- ties, first interested me in The Story or Boothbay ; and a man who deserved a kinder fate than that to which he fell a victim, I dedicate this volume. The Author. PREFACE. From time immemorial it has been the custom of authors, when the volume was completed, to write an apology for its infliction upon the public and place it at the beginning of the book, calling it the preface. I submit to the custom to a cer- tain extent, but not in an apologetic sense. If such a work as this is correct and trustworthy no apology is needed for its presence. It simply collects, compiles and preserves in print the essence of a town's past records and the relationship of its families. It is a plodding task for any one to undertake, par- ticularly the genealogical work. It is compiling rather than composing. It does not require a high order of ability to perform the kind of work necessary, but it does require labor, patience and system. In unraveling some of the knotty prob- lems the keen scent of a detective and the accuracy of an ac- countant, combined, would be desirable qualifications. Some experience in the every-day affairs of a municipality and a knowledge of how town records are produced are matters of inestimable value. When I settled in Boothbay, in 1886, I had collected a small library on local Maine history. My traveling occupation had given, and continued to do so, some opportunities in this direction. My interest as well as my library on this subject has increased from year to year. In 1887 and 1888 I contrib- uted several articles to the Lewiston Journal upon the early history of Lincoln County. At that time I first learned some- thing of how important a part was played upon these shores in the early history of the District of Maine. At the same time I noted how fast the sources of information were fading and fleeting from us by the loss or defacement of both public and private records and the decease of aged persons in the com- munity. The first year and a half in town I lived at Boothbay Center, in a part of the residence of "William Kenniston. He was a man of rare conversational powers and had a very reten- tive memory. Scarcely a day passed, when associated with him, but he would recall some of the early occurences of his life, or repeat some of the traditions of the locality. The humorous or ridiculous side of an occurrence always appealed to him strong- IV PREFACE. est, but, like all bright men, he had a serious and pathetic side to his nature. I became at once interested in the story of the town and began the collection of data. In the fall of 1888 it fell to my lot to do considerable work on the town records, as a member of the petitioner's committee on the town division case. I then noted the fact that, though in worn and tattered condition, they contained the basis for a history of the town and a genealogy of many of its old families. The collection of material has continued since, as time could be spared from business matters, until, in 1902, 1 an- nounced through the columns of the Boothbay Register that I had concluded to prepare a history of the three towns wliich originally constituted the old one of Boothbay, as incorporated in 1764. At the same time a general invitation was extended to interested persons for assistance in the matter of old private records and documents, or any other information, to supple- ment what I then possessed. This announcement was gener- ously responded to by citizens as well as those descended from our older families but now living elsewhere. Another source of assistance, springing from a general interest in the subject, as well as a fraternal feeling, came from the members of the Maine Historical Society. Following this, at my request, each town voted to permit its clerk, at his discretion, to allow me the use of such records as I might want in the prosecution of the work, to be taken to my own home. This has been of great value and convenience to me. In 1904, at the annual meetings, each town voted to contract with me for a certain number of copies of the work ; Boothbay and Boothbay Harbor taking 400 copies each and Southport 100 copies. These votes were nearly unanimous in each town. As one might reasonably expect among any population, on any subject presented for consideration, there has been some indifference, but I have noted no real hostility. The object of the work simply has not appealed to some people as it has to others. When this view of humanics is taken it can easily be explained. Tastes differ and human inclinations are unlike. Authors of other town histories have complained that the adverse criticisms upon their work came almost entirely from persons who had assumed an indifferent attitude and rendered no assistance while it was progressing. I trust I may be saved these unpleasant experiences by requesting those who have not responded to repeated invitations to lend a helping hand in this work to be as inactive in criticism as they have been in assist- ance. PEErAOE. tr The sources of information from which I have drawn most largely, outside of local public and private records, are the col- lections of the Maine Historical Society, the York Deeds, the Massachusetts Archives, the Lincoln County Records, "William- son's History of Maine, Johnson's History of Bristol, Cush- man's History of Sheepscot, Sewall's Ancient Dominions of Maine and other kindred works throughout Maine and Mass- achusetts. I feel that public acknowledgments are due, for assist- ance rendered, to the following persons : Hon. William M. Olin, Secretary of State, Massachusetts ; the late Hon. Leonard D. Carver, State Librarian, Augusta ; Fred V. Matthews, Esq., Portland, for the result of his research relating to North Boothbay families ; Mr. Emerson Rice, Hyde Park, Mass., for Boothbay references collected and indexed from the State Archives ; to the clerks of the towns, Alpheus Dodge, Booth- bay, Everett E. Pinkham, Southport, and Willard T. Marr, Boothbay Harbor, for aid and courtesies extended in the use of records over which they are custodians ; for general infor- niation, covering family, church and military matters, to Messrs. John E. Kelley, John K. Corey and Albert R. Matthews, North Boothbay ; Granville J. Seavey, John R. McDougall and W. Irving Adams, East Boothbay ; Warren L. Dolloff, George B. Kenniston and William M. Smith, Boothbay Harbor. On the subject of the fishery interest, which has been so long an important and leading industry in our town, I have been generously furnished many facts by Hon. Luther Mad- docks, whose business connection with it has extended over a long and eventful period. In the town of Southport I have been ably assisted by two lifelong residents of that island, Messrs. Freeman Grover and William T. Maddocks, their in- formation being general upon past events and present interests, as well as upon family history. Charles J. Marr, Boothbay Harbor, has also rendered valuable aid on Southport matters. A most valuable aid has been received from an element in our population, relating to former customs in living and con- ducting business, as well as bearing upon the early families, who from their years and residence among us make them be- long to the community in general rather than within the limits of either town, and a group of persons who are still enjoying to an unusual degree, health, strength and a clear, undimmed remembrance to a time when the entire locality was held fast to primitive conditions. These, with date of birth, are : Messrs. Paul Giles (1814), Thomas Orne (1814), Joseph McKown (1820), John Farnham (1824), Eliphalet Holbrook VI PREFACE. (1824), John M. Hodgdon (1824) and Mrs. Cordelia Welch (1829). It may bo said in this connection that from the first the columns of the Boothbay Register have been generously- opened to my use by its proprietor, Mr. Charles E. Kendrick. Valuable information bearing upon the early Scotch families was furnished by Mrs. Catherine Graupner Stone, Berkeley, California. That errors have crept in is practically certain. A work of so much detail and containing so many dates makes this well-nigh impossible to avoid. These are more likely to occur in the genealogical department than elsewhere. Many errors occur in the town records, and many of the ones I have detected have been corrected by substituting private ones. This I have done when the private ones presented a regular appearance. It has also been done when inscriptions in cemeteries differed from the town record. To the reader who knows how little was enforced in former times by statute upon the medical profession as to the return to town clerks of vital occurences this course must appear proper. A valuable feature of this volume is the presentation of the four maps which are redrafted from a publication of 1857, from a survey of the previous year. This affords a retrospect of just half a century. The work of redrafting was performed by Mr. Carl K. Holton, Boothbay Harbor, and presented to the author. Now that the labor and effort in producing this volume have closed and it goes forth in printed form, if it meets the approbation of those for whom it was written — those who live in or feel an interest in this old territory — I shall feel satisfied. Francis B. Greene. Boothbay Harbor, Me., Dec, 1905. CONTENTS. Page I. Physical and Descriptive Historj', 9 II. Aboriginal Inhabitants, 35 m. Early Voyages and Explorations, 44 IV. Early Settlements, 57 V. Growth and Government o£ the First Settlement, 67 VI. The Indian Wars, 84 vn. The Interim: 1689 1729, 98 vm. The Dunbar Settlement, 109 IX. 1733 to 1764, 125 X. Municipal History of Boothbay, 132 XI. Land Claims and Claimants, 164 XII. Ecclesiastical History, 175 XIII. Boothbay in the Eevolution, 213 XIV. Boothbay in the War of 1812, 247 XV. Boothbay Publishments of Intentions of Mar- riage, 1766—1820, 262 XVI. Official Lists and Tables, 279 XVII. Municipal History of Southport, 310 xvni. Division of Boothbay, 316 XIX. Mills, Shipbuilding, Stores and Hotels, 332 XX. Fraternal Societies and Associations, 353 XXI. The Fisheries, 358 xxn. Casualties, 378 XXIII. Schools, 395 XXIV. Summer Resorts and Carrying Companies, 411 XXV. The Civil War, 424 XXVI. Monographs and Incidents, 439 Genealogical, 462 CUTS, MAPS AND PORTRAITS. Francis B. Greene, Boothbay in 1856, Cape Newagen, Boothbay Harbor in 1856, The Oak Grove House, Hodgdon's Mills in 1856, Boothbay Harbor from Pisgah Boothbay Harbor from McKown's Hill, Southport in 1856, Edward E. Race, Rev. John Murray, Boothbay Center, George B. Kenniston, Charles B. Fisher, Capt. George Reed, The McKown Fishing Stand, A Southport Flake Yard, Charles J. Marr, Joseph Ross Kenniston, Squirrel Inn, Alonzo R. Nickerson, Luther Maddocks, William Kenniston, Freeman Grover, Bayville Plan, McCobb and Leishman Houses, Benjamin Blair, East Boothbay, Mrs. Mary A. Auld, Nathan S. Baker, James T. Beath, Capt. John Auld, Capt. William Carlisle, Joseph Maddocks, ' Marshal Smith, Townsend Block,' The U. S. Fish Hatchery, Steamboat Route Map, Frontispiece Face p. 24 it " 40 *' " 72 " " 89 " " 105 " " 120 *' " 136 " " 153 (1 " 168 (( " 175 " " 184 " " 216 (I " 232 (1 " 248 (( " 264 i( " 296 " " 312 n " 329 " " 345 " " 360 " " 376 " " 392 (t " 408 (( " 418 (( " 424 1( " 440 " " 456 " " 478 (( " 494 (( " 497 (1 " 510 (( " 526 (C " 568 (( " 575 (( " 591 11 " 607 Finis HISTOEY OE BOOTHBAY, SOUTHPORT AND BOOTHBAY HAEBOR. CHAPTER I. Physical and Dbsceiptive History. THIS history is specially devoted to that territory which constituted the original town of Boothbay, from which Southport and Boothbay Harbor have since been sepa- rated. Though municipally divided into three towns, its geographical formation is such that it must always continue closely related in business and social intercourse. Boothbay and Boothbay Harbor, together, include the greater part of that peninsula formed by the Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, and take to themselves all the water front and coast harbors which are therewith connected. Sheepscot River, which rises about sixty-five miles back from the coast, broad- ens into a beautiful bay and harbor at Wiscasset. From that point to the sea is about fifteen miles. The excellence and unusual advantages of the Sheepscot waters, to the point where Wiscasset Village is located, have always been recog- nized, and brought that town into prominent consideration in the early twenties as a location for the State capital. At the very point of reaching Boothbay territory, namely. Cross River, the Sheepscot more than doubles its width, and gradu- ally broadens until that point on Southport, known as Hen- drick's Head, is reached, when it opens to the sea. On the west and southwest of the main this bay is studded with many islands, the largest of which is Southport, now an incorporated town, bridged to Boothbay Harbor. The other principal islands on that side of the main, included in Sheepscot waters, are Barter's, Sawyer's, Isle of Springs, Indiantown and Hodg- don's Islands. 10 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Draining a territory of similar extent and parallel, easterly, with the Sheepscot River is Jefferson Lake and its principal inlets. This lake is about ten miles in length, though com- paratively narrow, with its outlet the " Damariscotta Fresh Falls," which is the water power at Damariscotta Mills, but always thus designated in early history. Southerly, two miles, the "Damariscotta Salt Falls," also an early designation, is reached. From this point, that of Damariscotta Village, the river is navigable for shipping. When the Boothbay line is reached, as is the case opposite in the Sheepscot, the Damaris- cotta fully doubles its width by means of Wadsworth, Burn- ham and Pleasant Coves. Farther to the south are narrows on either side of Fort Island. Opposite East Boothbay Village the width becomes that of a capacious harbor, and well pro- tected from the sea. Just southerly from this point the river opens to the ocean. The harborage of the entire locality shows a wonderful provision of Nature. Four large harbors, of acknowledged excellence, either of which situated at a dis- tance from the others would be highly appreciated, indent the shores, and are known as Boothbay Harbor, Linekin Bay, East Boothbay and Ebenecook. All possess suitable depth, have good holding grounds and are practically free from shoals and ledges. The boundaries of this territory are natural, excepting the line between Boothbay and Edgecomb. By the trend of the bay at Oven's Mouth to the eastward and the similar opposite formation of the Damariscotta to the west- ward, the line runs across almost the narrowest part of the town from west to east. This distance is about two and three-eighths miles. An abstract from the charter, covering this feature, follows : " Beginning at the most Northerly part of a Bay called the Oven's Mouth, and from thence to run an East South East Course to Damariscotta River; thence Southerly down said River to the Sea or Western Ocean, then to run Westerly on tlie Sea Coast as the Coast lies to the Mouth of Sheepscot River, then to run Northerly up Sheepscot River between Jeremy Squam Island and Barter's Island to the Cross River at the head of said Barter's Island and from thence over the Water to the most Northerly part of the Oven's Mouth afore- said with all the islands in Damariscotta River below or to the PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Southward of the first described line, and also All the Islands lying within Six Miles from the Main Land to the South, between the aforementioned Rivers of Sheepscot and Damaris- cotta, be and hereby is erected into a town by name of Booth- bay and the Inhabitants thereof shall have and enjoy all such Immunities and Privileges as other Towns in the Province have and do by law enjoy." The greatest width on the mainland of the original town was attained by measuring due east and west from Farnham's Head, just south from East Boothbay Village, to the western- most point near the summer residence of Dr. Edgar D. Moffatt. This distance is four and five-eighths miles. A width taken through Boothbay Center is but three and three-fourths miles ; while a measurement taken from a point opposite Tibbetts Island, in Back River, to the Damariscotta lacks but one-fourth mile from the widest point given. From where the stage road crosses the Edgecomb line to Spruce Point is eight miles ; from the same place to Ocean Point is nine miles. From McFarland's old stand, now Sawyer's, to Carlisle's Point on the Damariscotta is six miles ; while from McFarland's to the Edgecomb line is six and five-eighths miles. The latitude, taken at Boothbay Center, is 43° 52' 33" north, and the longitude west of Greenwich is 69° 38' 22". From the United States Coast Survey Charts the following distances are found in statute miles : Boothbay Harbor to Bath, via Five Islands and Squirrel, ,1 U 1< 1. 11 11 11 2oX TT " " most direct route. 17 " " " " usual route. i5>^ (1 " " Wiscasset, 15H " " " Squirrel Island, 2H " " " Ocean Point, 3)4 Squirrel Island to Ocean Point, 2 " ' " Murray Hill, AYz " " Ram Island Light, 2>^ 11 " Damariscove Harbor, 5 " ' " East Boothbay, 7 " ' " Cape Newagen, 3 " " FortPopham, loX " ' " Seguin Light, 10 " ' " Monhegan, 17 " ' " Damariscotta, 20%. A( " Bath, 16^ HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Mouse Island Southport Isle of Springs Sawyer's Island Goose Rock Riggsville Westport Junction Westport Upper Hell Gate Arrowsic Bridge to Bath, 83/ 7 5 2>^ y<^ The coast of this territory is included in the First District of the United States Lighthouse Establishment on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The Post Roads Survey, made by the Gov- ernment in 1812, from Washington, D. C, to various parts of the country, gives the following distances in miles and hundredths : Boston to Washington, 440 " New York 231 " " Philadelphia, 323 " Providence J 42 Eastern Route to Eastport. Boston, Old State House, to Salem, 14-37 it (1 11 ' " Ipswich, 28.18 (C <* (( ' " Newburyport, 39-07 .< ' " Portsmouth, " York, " Portland, 64.26 73-32 118.05 < t (( (( ' " Brunswick, " Bath, ' " Wiscasset, ' " Thomaston, 145-36 152.68 167.19 203.45 " Belfast, " Ellsworth, 232.86 282.59 (( (( (( " Eastport, 397-36 Other points upon th e old post line may be calculated from the ones given. A traveler by land could not shorten the distance as above given. Names of Local and General Application. 1. Adams Pond. — Situated wholly in Boothbay ; about three-fourths of a mile in length by one-fourth in breadth ; has a good depth of water ; is fed by springs ; furnishes a good mill privilege at its outlet, now owned and occupied by Dodge PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 13 & Giles with a sawmill. This stream empties into the easterly body of water known as Back River, near the sites of the old shipyards and the Pinkham mill. From this pond is taken the supply for the Boothbay Harbor water system. Samuel Adams and his sons originally owned the mill privilege and most of the land about this pond, — hence the name. High- ways extend entirely around it. Before the settlement of Samuel Adams it was called Long Pond. 2. Back Narrows. — A name originally given to the narrow, back passage of the Damariscotta, between Webber or Fort Island (sometimes called Narrows Island) and the main- land ; now also applied to the neighborhood in that locality. 3. Back River. — A name given to the water on the westerly side of the mainland of Boothbay, northerly from Hodgdon's Island, as early as 1666, in a deed from Robin Hood to Henry Curtice. It also applies to the water lying above the old Pinkham mill site and Oven's Mouth. The neighborhood bordering on the above first-mentioned water is also known by this appellation, and this name was given the post office when established there. 4. Barter's Island. — A part of Boothbay; bridged to Hodgdon's Island and from thence to the mainland ; is about three and three-fourths miles long and varies from three- eighths to about one mile in width ; has one small fresh pond near its southern extremity; takes mail from Trevett post office ; received its name from the early families of Barter, who were the first settlers. 5. Batville. — A village of summer cottages at the head of Linekin Bay, formerly owned by the late Thomas Boyd, and started by him as a summer resort soon after 1880. Is three miles by highway from the Harbor steamboat landings ; has a summer postal service ; is a part of Boothbay Harbor. Its name was suggested by its location on Linekin Bay. 6. Boston Island. — A part of Southport, formerly known as Ebenecook Island, owned by Boston parties and used by them as a summer residence ; name probably derived from residence of its owners ; contains about twelve acres ; situated on the northwesterly side of Ebenecook Harbor. 14 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. 7. BooTHBAY Centek. — The most central part of the original town, before divisions were made, in all respects ; geographically, as the roads run, and, in early times, about the center of population. The first and second churches were built there and it has always been the place for holding the Boothbay town meetings. The post office there was known as North Boothbay until the division of the town in 1889, since which time, or soon after, it has taken the name of Boothbay. It contains two churches, a graded school, two stores, two smithing establishments and several residences. Eight roads, branching to all parts of both towns, center there within one- half mile of the post office. 8. Boothbay Haebok. — Before the division in 1889 this name was accurately applied to the water harbor in front of the town, and locally to the village at the head of the harbor. Since division it is the legal name of the town and its principal post office. The town, as set off, attains its greatest width at a point near its northern line, where it is about three and one- fourth miles wide. Its easterly line strikes near the center, from east to west, of the northern end of Linekin Bay ; run- ning from thence northerly about three-fourths of a mile, and then westerly to the middle abutment of Sawyer Island Bridge ; thence around southerly, easterly and northerly by the water to the point of starting. It contains (1905) three churches, five school buildings, in which are thirteen schoolrooms where schools are regularly in session ; opera house, including the several lodge rooms ; steamboat landings, custom house, two post offices, stores representing nearly all kinds of merchan- dise, restaurants and bakeries ; six hotels, besides many boarding houses open in summer ; all of the sardine canning establishments within the territory included in this work, the cold storage plant, two marine railways, six livery stables and a part of the boat-building and ice-storing establishments of the locality. Other fishing concerns of various kinds are divided between the three towns. 9. Buokland's Neck. — A name given to that part of Linekin Neck which is situated south of a line drawn from the head of Little River westerly to Linekin Bay, in deeds and PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 15 other documents made during the latter half of the seventeenth century. In 1674 George and Richard Bucknell (sometimes appearing as Buckland) were living there and from them it is supposed to have taken the name. The southern part of this neck is now known as Ocean Point. It is a part of Boothbay. 10. BuKNHAM Cove. — A westerly projection of the Damariscotta waters into the main, just north of Pleasant Cove, where the Burnham families settled at an early date. Situated in Boothbay. 11. Cabbage Island. — An island containing about four acres, situated about one-half mile southerly from Wallace's Point, in Linekin Bay. Derivation of name unknown. A part of Boothbay. Name changed by the Legislature, on petition of owners, to Independence Island, in 1905. 12. Cape Harbor. — A small but excellent harbor at Cape Newagen, formed by Cape or Jerry's Island lying just outside and furnishing a breakwater to that harbor. Entrance from easterly and westerly sides. 13. Cape Island. — Sometimes called Jerry's Island, situated just outside Cape Harbor, above named; contains about seven acres ; a part of Southport. Formerly owned by Jerry Nelson. 14. Cape Newagen. — This is the first and oldest name attached to this locality. In the earliest times this name was applied to the entire region covered by this volume. After the Dunbar settlement, and prior to its incorporation as a town, Southport was usually referred to as Cape Newagen Island. Levett's reference to it in 1623, which is the first given in history, seems only to apply to the point or cape. To this first impression common usage has practically returned, and Newagen now means distinctively the cape, and the post office which is located there, and has no broader signification. Like most early names it is found in several different forms. Newaggon, Nekrangan, Bona-waggon and other slight varia^ tions from the present form may be seen in old documents. Included in Southport. 15. Cape Cod. — A local name given to McKown's Point after the Mckersons opened business there. The geographical 16 mSTOEY OF BOOTHBAY. formation and likeness, and the fact that this firm came from Harwich, Mass., a Cape Cod town, are suggestive of the origin of the name. Included in Boothbay Harbor. 16. Campbell's Brook. — The outlet stream from Camp- bell's Ponds into Campbell's Cove. This brook furnished a mill power in early times and appearances indicate that mills were located at two places on it. The derivation of the name is unknown, for it is found used in John Eeed's will more than thirty years before the ancestors of the present family of Campbell located in Boothbay. Situated mostly in Boothbay. 17. Campbell's Cove. — A narrow arm of the sea extend- ing from West Harbor about one and one-half miles northerly into the main, receiving Campbell's Brook at its head. It was dammed and bridged with stone where it empties into the Harbor in 1879, thus making one of the finest ice ponds in Maine, producing an excellent quality of the product and affording opportunities for winter shipping. It was a hiding place for local shipping during the Revolutionary War as well as that of 1812, being in those times surrounded by a heavy, old growth of wood. Situated entirely in Boothbay Harbor. 18. Campbell's Pojtds. — The head waters of the brook of that name, filling considerable of the space between the Back Eiver road and the Sheepscot waters. For many years they have been owned by the Knickerbocker Ice Company and utilized as the ice ponds for that concern. Situated in Boothbay. 19. Card Cove. — A cove opening to the southwest, formed by Ocean Point and Negro Island. 20. Capital Island. — Originally known as Pig Cove Island, it being situated in Pig Cove. Name was changed by those who purchased it for a summer resort to Capital. Its purchasers were mostly residents on the Kennebec River. It surveyed twenty-four acres. It has a hotel, numerous private cottages, a steamboat landing and summer postal service. A part of Southport. 21. Carlisle Point. — The northeastern extremity of the neck of land formed between the Damariscotta and Pleas- ant Cove, and selected as a settlement by Josephus Carlisle, PHYSICAL AND DESCEIPTIVE. 17 ancestor of the family of that name in these towns. Situated in Boothbay. 22. Cedaebush Island. — Located just off West South- port, and furnishing the breakwater which makes Marr's Harbor. A part of Southport. 23. Christmas Cove. — A cove about one-half mile in length, situated on the southwestern side of Southport, open- ing into Sheepscot Bay. 24. Coebin's Sound. — The name of the ancient settle- ment where that of Ocean Point now stands, which was destroyed when the surrounding country was laid waste in the second Indian war. Known by this name in records bearing date as early as 1674. Probably the name is that of a princi- pal resident applied to the water passage between the mainland and Eam and Fisherman's Islands. Included in Boothbay. 25. Ceoss Rivee. — The connection between the main Sheepscot and Back River, just north of Barter's Island. 26. Cuckolds. — Two dangerous ledges about three- fourths mile southerly from Cape Newagen. 27. Damaeiscotta. — This name has applied since the earliest records to the river separating Boothbay, Edgecomb and Newcastle, on the west, from Bristol, Damariscotta and Nobleboro, on the east. The Damariscotta "fresh falls" and " salt falls " were early terms used in this region. Frequently the name was applied to the settlements on either side of the river ; for, in the absence of well-defined towns, settlements in early times took the name, all the way along, of the river on which they were situated. It was the same on the Sheep- scot River. For this reason considerable that is of historic interest, that rightfully belongs to Boothbay, was termed in early days either Damariscotta or Sheepscot matter. In later days, as these names have become restricted to narrower limits, the impressions of these events have retreated with the names. Therefore a misconception is produced, because Boothbay had no distinctive early name, as a whole ; but her history is merged in that of the two rivers which flow on either side. 28. Damaeiscove. — This island, in the matter of settle- ment by the English, is practically contemporary with Cape 18 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Newagen, Corbin's Sound, Pemaquid and Monhegan. If a difference in age of settlement of any consequence exists it is probable that Damariscove and Monhegan are older than the other places. This island is about two miles long, with an average width of about one-fourth of a mile. At high tide it is divided into two distinct islands. The northern part was formerly called Wood Island, on account of its heavy growth of wood. The earliest records show the name in two words, varied somewhat in spelling, but usually in the following form, "Damarill's Cove." Capt. John Smith in 1614 mentions the group of islands in that vicinity as "Damaril's Isles." This grouping of those islands always occurred in early times. Williamson speaks of the "Damariscove Islands," and others of the "Damariscove Group." The reason for this is probably explained in the fact that in early times they were owned as a group by one party, and that party was probably Humphrey Damarill, seaman, who died in Boston about 1650, and claimed to own part or all of the main island. It is thought he did business there before 1614, that he owned the group of islands, hence the name, "Damarill's Isles " ; and that he chose the one with the cove or harbor on which to do business and which was made a headquarters, hence "Damarill's Cove," later becoming Damariscove, and the other islands taking on indi- vidual names. An excellent harbor opens to the ocean about south, south- west from the settlement, which is about one-half mile from the entrance. On the western side, about halfway from the entrance to the settlement, is a stone wharf, built several years ago by parties who thought the granite valuable which the island indicates in some quantities. The harbor has about twenty feet of water, toward the settlement from the wharf, being free from shoals, so that vessels may lay close in shore. Estimates place the area of this island at about three hundred acres. It is part of Boothbay. 29. Decker's Cove. — A cove extending into the north- easterly part of Southport from Townsend Gut. It takes its name from the Decker family who owned land about it in early times. It has been utilized for many winters as a safe PHYSICAL AND DESCEIPTIVE. 19 and suitable place for laying up yachts, tugs and steamers temporarily out of service. 30. Dogfish Head. — The northwestern projection of Southport, forming the western weather barrier to Ebenecook Harbor. It is high, bold land, and is being opened as a sum- mer resort. 31. Dover. — A local name given to that body of land lying southerly from Oven's Mouth and between the two bodies of water constituting Back Eiver. The name originated from the fact that its earliest settlers came from Dover, N. H., and some of their ancestors had come from Dover, Eng. Included in Boothbay. 32. East Boothbat. — The second largest aggregation of trade and business establishments, together with residences, within the territory considered. All the shipyards, a large part of the boat-building shops, seven stores, restaurants and smithing establishments are there. A church, graded school building and public hall are centrally located. Mails are received and go out by way of Boothbay Harbor stage. The larger part of the passenger travel connects with the Bath steamers at the Harbor. The Portland steamer touches there as its terminal point. The early local name of the village was Hodgdon's Mills, as was the post office from its establishment in 1831, to 1876, when th« name was changed to East Booth- bay. This village is the principal business center in Boothbay. 33. Ebenecook Hakbor. — A commodious and well-shel- tered harbor, affording good water and anchorage, situated at the northwesterly part of Southport. The name is of Indian derivation. 34. Echo Lake. — A small pond situated easterly from Pisgah, which has for some years been used as an ice pond. It drains a considerable territory and empties into Lobster Cove. The acoustical peculiarities of the region suggested the name. Included in Boothbay Harbor. 35. Epituse. — A name mentioned in 1685 in a deed of Damariscove, by which it is inferred that the mainland of Boothbay may have once borne this name. It is used in a sense to indicate that land northerly from Damariscove is iO HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. meant, and, at that date, all the important islands in the vicinity had distinctive names, while the mainland is not known to have possessed one. 36. Farnham Head. — A bold projection of land running from the northeastly part of Linekin Neck into the Damaris- cotta, just below East Boothbay Village. Settled by the Farnham family. 37. Fisherman's Island. — Formerly known as Hippo- eras. The Hypocrites, in the immediate vicinity, probably derived their name from this ; and the larger island took on its present name at some subsequent time. It contains about 165 acres. It is a part of Boothbay. 38. Fort Island. — Also sometimes called Webber's or Narrows Island. Situated at a commanding point in the nar- rows of the Damariscotta River, about two miles northerly from East Boothbay Village. The old blockhouse and fortifi- cations of earth and stone were constructed there in the War of 1812, the remains of which are now visible. It contains from forty to fifty acres and is a part of Boothbay. 39. Fort Point. — The point on the above island where the fortifications were built. 40. GrREBN Islands. — Two small islands in nearly direct line between Dogfish Head and Boston Island. The smaller contains one and the larger three acres in area. They are part of Southport. 41. Green Landing. — A point just southerly from East Boothbay Village, purchased several years ago for the purpose of summer resort, development by Mr. Frank L. Weston, Boston. 42. Haley. — The former name of the post office now known as West Boothbay Harbor. It was established October 24, 1882 ; name changed March 26, 1902. Received its name from Eben D. Haley, South Gardiner, who was an owner and manager of the Maine Ice Company's works. 43. Harbor Island. — A small island a short distance from McFarland's Point, in Boothbay Harbor. 44. Hendrick's Harbor. — The early name, and still used on charts, for Marr's Harbor at West Southport. PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 21 45. Hendrick's Head. — The extreme westerly point of Southport where the Government light is located. The origin of the name is unknown. 46. Hypocrites. — Name probably derived from Hippo- eras. Two dangerous ledges a short distance east from Fish- erman's Island. 47. Hodgdon's Cove. — A cove opposite Southport land- ing making up into the mainland of Boothbay Harbor. 48. Hodgdon's Island. — Situated between the mainland of Boothbay and Barter's Island. The channel on either side is bridged, and another bridge leads on to Sawyei"'s Island from its southern extremity. It contains about seventy-five acres. It received its name from the Hodgdon family. A general store has been kept for many years there by S. G. Hodgdon & Son. The post office of Trevett was established there in 1882. It is part of Boothbay. 49. Hodgdon's Mills. — See East Boothbay. 50. Indiantown. — An island in the Sheepsoot, west of the mainland of Boothbay Harbor, one point of which is only 275 feet distant from the main shore ; surveys eighty-four acres ; is about three-fourths of a mile in length, and is part of Boothbay Harbor. 51. Ingleside. — The name given the residence and grounds of Joseph McKown at the Boothbay Harbor end of the bridge uniting that town with Southport. 52. Isle oe Springs. — Formerly Swett's Island, and earlier still, at the date of its purchase by John Swett, was called Thirty Acre Island. Name changed to Isle of Springs after its sale in 1887 to the association which has developed it as a summer resort and who now own it. It surveys eighty- seven acres ; has a hotel, known as the Nekrangan House, and about twenty summer cottages ; is a regular steamboat landing of the Eastern Steamship Company. Is a part of Boothbay Harbor and has a summer postal service. 53. Joe's Island. — Situated in Sheepscot Bay, at West Southport, southerly from Marr's Harbor. Contains about fifty acres. It is part of Southport. ii HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. 54. Kenniston Hill. — The hill easterly from Boothbay Center, situated on the farm originally settled upon by David Kenniston soon after 1785, and retained by the family until 1888. It has an altitude of 180 feet. 55. Knickeebockek. — The ice-storing establishment at West Boothbay, formerly owned by the Knickerbocker Ice Company. 56. Labrador Meadow. — A meadow tract, containing a wooded growth, in the interior of Southport, about one mile in length by one-fourth mile in breadth. 57. Lewis Cove. — A small cove on Linekin Bay making into the mainland of Boothbay Harbor, on what was formerly known as the Allen Lewis place, where that party had a wharf and fishing stand. 58. Linekin Bay. — That body of water between Linekin Neck and Spruce Point, the harborage qualities of which are only second to Boothbay Harbor proper. It has a length of about three miles by a breadth of one to one and one-half miles. The charts show the line between Boothbay and Booth- bay Harbor as nearly dividing this bay lengthwise. It received its name from the Linekin families who lived upon the neck of the same name. 59. Linekin Neck. — A body of land about three and three-fourths miles from its northern extremity, at East Boothbay Village, to Ocean Point, its terminus. Its width will average nearly one mile. In early times the part south- erly from the head of Little Eiver was known as Buckland's Neck. It was nearly all owned at one time by the Linekins, from whom it took its name. The Linekin post office was established in 1880. It contains several stores ; has a contin- uous settlement its entire length ; once contained nearly all the menhaden oil factories of the locality ; of late years has made steady and rapid development as a summer resort. Is included in Boothbay. 60. Little Rivee. — A narrow cove extending from Damariscotta Bay, northwesterly, into Linekin Neck about one mile, nearly cutting it in two parts. Whoever will care- PHYSICAL AND DESCEIPTIVE. 23 fully note the chart of this locality will observe that Linekin Neck came near being two islands. 61. Lobster Cove. — Extending above Lewis Cove to a point east from Pisgah. 62. Lower Mark Island. — A small island belonging to Southport, about one-half mile off shore, at the southwestern extremity of that town. Contains about four acres. 63. Marr's Harbor. — The name in general use for what was formerly known as Hendrick's Harbor. 64- Meadow Cove. — A cove of the Damariscotta just north from East Boothbay Village. 65. McCobb's Hill. — A bold elevation at the north- westerly extremity of Campbell's Cove, on the farm of the late Samuel McCobb. It reaches an altitude of about 175 feet and its ledges next the cove are very precipitous. In early days the waters of the cove came to these ledges, but in the thirties a road was graded at their foot with stone and earth. Situated in Boothbay Harbor. 66. McFarland's Point. ^- The southern extremity of Boothbay Harbor Village, extending westerly. It was for- merly owned by the Pipers and Reeds, but took its present name the first years of the nineteenth century from John Mur- ray McFarland, who established there the largest business in town in the way of fishery and general trade. 67. Mill Cove. — A cove between the main harbor and West Harbor. It receives a brook at its head which drains the basin extending northerly and easterly from that place. This brook affords a small mill privilege, and a mill was once located there, hence the name. 68. McKown's Point. — Originally called Oliver's Point, and so referred to in 1842 in the Townsend charter. Some- times called Cape Cod, which is on account of its shape and the fact that members of the Nickerson family, who came to Boothbay from Cape Cod, first did business on this point before going to the Harbor village. The lobster hatchery, erected by the United States Government in 1903, is located there. It takes its name from "William McKown, who settled there about 1800 and owned the entire point for many years. 24 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. 69. Molly's Head. — A bold ledge projection into the ocean from the southwestern side of Southport, forming Christmas Cove. 70. Montgomery's Point. — The land just north from East Boothbay Village projecting into the Damariscotta. 71. Moore's Rock. — A huge granite mass of regular formation just northerly from West Street, Boothbay Harbor.' A place affording excellent views in all seaward directions. It was formerly on the premises of William Moore, an original settler under Dunbar. 72. Mouse Island. — An island situated in Boothbay Harbor, containing about twenty acres. It has the Samoset House and stone cottage located there. It is a regular landing of the Eastern Steamship Company, and that company has, for several years, made this the regular transfer and distrib- uting center to all the other summer locations touched by their boats. It is part of Southport and has a summer postal service. 73. Murray Hill. — Situated southwesterly from the village of East Boothbay. It has an altitude of about 200 feet descending gradually to the head of Linekin Bay. It has several summer cottages and is well calculated for such a pur- pose. It is a regular landing of the Eastern Steamship Com- pany during the season, and receives mail at East Boothbay. It is included in Boothbay. 74. Negro Island. — Situated a short distance from the mainland westerly from Ocean Point. Contains about sixteen acres. It is part of Boothbay. 75. North Boothbay. — Before division of the town it was a name definitely applied to the post office at Boothbay Center, now known as Boothbay. Since the division it brings that part of the town near its southern extremity, therefore the old term of North Boothbay is much less used than for- merly, and no post office exists with that name. 76. Oak Point. — A point well wooded with oaks, jut- ting sharply out from the Boothbay Harbor mainland, nearly opposite the Southport landing. 1 Congregational Church 2 Congregational Parsonage 3 Store 4 Union Church 5 Store^Robert Spinney (> Robert Spinney 7 William Kenniston 8 Store— William P. McCobb 1) Boot Shop— S. & C. Fuller 10 Townhouse 11 Martha Moore 12 Blacksmith Shop 13 F. W. Baptist Church 14 Post Office 15 Ephraim Piukham K; Charles Corey 17 Schoolhouse 18 Arthur Blake 111 Wilmot Chapman 20 Arthur Matthews 21 Ira Quimby 22 Nathaniel C. Reed 23 Westbrook G. Lewis 24 William Holton 25 Widow Greenwood 26 Mrs. Sarah A. Emerson 27 Joseph C. Auld 28 Capt. Allen Lewis 29 Store — Allen Lewis 30 John Love 31 John McClintock 32 Store — John McClintock 33 John McClintock — rent 'M Ferdinand Brewer 35 Samuel Brewer, Jr. 3G Edmund Matthews 37 George Brewer 38 Samuel Brewer 39 William M. Bennett 40 M. Brewer 41 Amasa Brewer 42 Artemas Tibbetts 43 John McClintook— rent 44 Francis Sargent 45 George Brewer 46 James Harris 47 George W, Boyd 48 William Montgomery 40 Alexander Adams 50 Luther Huff 51 Joshua Reed 52 Samuel Wylie 53 William McCobb 54 Blacksmith Shop 55 John Leishman 50 Old Red Schoolhouse 57 A. Lewis 58 Charles Knight 50 Alexander Boyd 60 Thomas Boyd Gl 62 63 Samuel Boyd Robert Webster David Blake 64 William Blake 65 Levi Reed GO James Murray 67 Samuel and Charles Mnrray G8 Jacob Fuller (>9 Charles M. Seavey 70 Washington Boyd 71 Charles Clifford 72 Bennett 73 Bemiett 74 J. Priest 75 Jackson Hodgdon 70 Washington Hodgdon 77 John Hodgdon 78 Alfred Hodgdon 7i> F. Farnham 80 George Martin 81 C. Farnliam S'ish House Capt. John Race E. & E. Holbrook 85 Capt. Nathaniel Foster 8G Widow Rowe 87 James Linekin 88 J. Chaples 81) Schoolhouse 90 Benjamin Reed 91 J. Keller 92 B. Bennett & William Keller 93 R. Poor 94 John Poor 95 John Tibbetts 96 Widow Alley 97 Capt. R. Tibbetts 98 C. Brewer 99 Henry Hatchard 100 E. Clifford 101 L. Bennett 102 Gibson 1113 N. Bemiett 105 John Grimes 306 Benaiah Dolloff 107 Edwin Auld 108 James T. Beath 109 Charles Matthews 110 Joseph Farnham 111 Joseph Auld 112 JohnBryer 113 Rufus Holton 114 John Auld 115 Capt. Jeremiah Holton 1 IG Widow of Augustus Auld 117 Daniel Auld 118 Widow of Richard Adams 119 AsaG. Baker 120 John Williams 121 Charles Giles 122 Joseph Hutf 123 Capt. John Wheeler 124 John Merry 125 Jeremiah Blake 126 Benjamin P. Giles 127 Samuel Blake 128 James Brown 129 S. Wheeler 130 Jonathan Hutchings 131 Schoolhouse 132 Alexander and Andrew Boyd 133 Martha Kelley 134 William Kelley 135 Mrs. John Kelley VM Benjamin Kelley ■i:i7 John Pinkham 13K Paul G. Pinkham 13!) Widow of Joseph Bryer 14(1 John Murray 152 Eleazar Giles 141 William Trask 153 Charles Wylie 14?, Willard Merry 154 Capt. Jacob Toothacher 143 D. Pinkham 155 L. Webber 144 Joseph Bryer 15S Samuel Burnham 14.1 John Bryer 157 Daniel Knight 1411 Samuel Bryer 158 Daniel Dodge 147 Elihu Bryer 159 John Burnham 148 Henry Keed ICO Benjamin Nason 14'J Samuel Sawyer 161 M. Knights IM) Capt. John Reed 16'2 John Merry 151 Schoolhouse 163 George Sherman BOOTHBAY IN 1856. 164 James Vaughn 165 Schoolhouse 166 Zachariah Sherman 167 David Merry 168 John Alley 169 William Mowry 170 Bbenezer Clisby 171 Jason Pinkham 172 Capt. Eben Preble 173 Capt. Joseph Tibbetts 174 Luther Emerson 175 Washington Reed 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 John Carlisle Tilly Clisby Robert Page Charles Carlisle William Carlisle Nathan S. Baker John McDougall Joseph Willey Joseph Lewis Mrs. Martha Lewis Robert Wylie William F. Lewis 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 John Wylie, heirs Robert Reed Capt. Matthew Reed Mrs. Elizabeth Brown Jonathan Morrison Israel Holton John Holton Augustus Whittaker James Adams David MoOobb Paul Giles David Adams 200 Giles Dunton 201 Widow Clark 202 Saw and Carding Mill 203 Alexander Wylie 204 Samuel Wylie 205 Isaac Pinkham 206 Dover Schoolhouse 207 Waterman McClintock 208 John McClintock 209 William Giles 210 Silas Lewis 211 George Hutchings 212 John Welch 213 John Hutchings 214 Capt. Giles Tibbetts 215 Frederick Hutchings 216 Cornelius Murphy 217 Robert Welsh 218 Payson Tibbetts 219 Enoch Stover 220 Enoch Poor 221 John Stover 222 Kbenezer Matthews 223 George Stover 224 William Bryer 225 James Tibbetts 226 Miles Lewis 227 David Lewis 228 Loring Lewis 220 William Matthews 230 Schoolhouse 231 Wilmot Lewis 232 Capt. Benjamin Nason 233 Ephraim Lewis 234 Samuel Tibbetts 235 Lemuel Lewis 2:56 James Tibbetts 237 Alfred Matthews 238 Rufus Adams 239 Rufus Reed 240 Osgood Reed 241 Kiah B. Merrill 242 Martin Hodgdon 243 William Durant 244 Samuel Bryer 246 William S. Bryer 246 Solomon Dodge 247 Caleb Reed 248 Thomas Matthews 249 James McCobb 250 Paul Reed 251 Freeman Reed 2.52 Henry Reed 253 Auiasa Tibbetts 2.54 William Miller 255 Samuel Farmer 250 William Farmer 2.57 Neal Wylie 258 Harris McKowu 259 Alonzo Wheeler 260 Robert and John Wylie 261 Thomas Berry 262 Silas Orne 263 Thomas Orne 2G4 Robert MuUin 205 Warren Reed 266 William Grady 267 William McKay 268 Oliver Davis 269 Joshua McKown 270 R. Crosby 271 Andrew Reed 272 Charles Thorpe 273 Francis Reed 274 Mrs. Ruth Reed 275 Freeman Hodgdon 270 Benjamin McKown 277 Cliarles Reed 278 Jackson Hodgdon 279 John Hodgdon 280 John M. Hodgdon _„. Benjamin F. Hodgdon 282 William McKown 283 Samuel Lewis 284 Capt. Charles Lewis William Johnson Andrew Reed _. . Edwin Hodgdon 288 Schoolhouse 289 Mrs. Esther Reed : ; 290 James Orchard 291 Rufus Greenleaf 292 B. Pinkham 293 lohabod Pinkham 294 James Pinkham 295 Robert Reed - j 296 Patton Keed ' :^ 297 Samuel McCobb 298 Hewey Gray 299 John Fitch .300 Wadsworth Pinkham 301 Thomas Pinkham .302 Benjamin Orchard 303 Samuel Fuller 304 John Reed, 2d 305 W. and L. Thorpe 306 Tannery 307 Capt. John Reed 308 William Hodgdon 309 Stephen G. Hodgdon 310 Store— William Hodgdon 311 Thoinas Hodgdon 312 Store— Thomas Hodgdon 313 Benjamin Campbell 314 H. Caswell 315 William Campbell 316 Albert Kimball 317 Rufus Hilton 318 Henry Gove 319 Samuel Lewis .320 Christopher Lewis 321 William Barter 322 A. Barter 323 Schoolhouse 324 Cliarles Harding 281 285 286 287 325 326 327 328 329 Mrs. M. Lewis A. Lewis . Stover - Barter „„., Samuel Lewis 3,30 Silas Greenleaf 331 John Roberts 332 J. Lewis 3.33 Daniel Pinkliam 334 Joseph Barter 335 Daniel Abbott 336 Henry Abbott 337 Wilmot Barter 338 Bial Barter 339 Bliphalet Pinkham 340 John Pinkham 341 Thomas Bourgette 342 E. Pinkham •M3 O. Lewis 344 Daniel Barter 345 Pinkham McGow .341 ; W/JiamTool ,347 J. Tibbetts 348 Schoolhouse ;M9 Luther Pinkham 350 Widow Barter 351 John Greenleaf .352 Daniel Barter 3.53 Isaac Barter ,3,54 Elbridge Stone a55 William Stone ;^6 John Kent ffi" W.N. Linekin ,358 Zina H. Hodgdon ;i,59 Timothy Hodgdon 360 1 yler Hodgdon 361 Hiram Lewis 362 Schoolhouse PHYSICAL ANB DESCRIPTIVE. 25 77. Oak Grove. — The name applied to the location and grounds of W- H. Eeed, "West Boothbay Harbor, on which' the Oak Grove House stands, together with the store and post office. It faces West Harbor, southerly, while Campbell's Cove borders on the west. One and one-half miles from the Harbor steamboat landings. 78. Ocean Point. — The southern extremity of Linekin's Neck. Evidently the very spot of the ancient settlement of Corbin's Sound. It has two hotels, a general store, restau- rants and a summer colony of cottages. It is a regular land- ing of the Eastern Steamship Company ; has a summer postal service and is included in Boothbay. 79. Outer Heron Island. — Sometimes called Southern Heron. Contains about 150 acres. About six miles at sea from the Harbor landings. Obtained the name from the great number of herons observed there by the early visitors to it. A part of Boothbay. 80. Oven's Mouth. — This name is taken from a double projection to the southward from the water passage connecting ' the two parts of Back River, in the form of coves, extending into the Dover district, so-called. The formation evidently suggested the name, which was well established by records as early as 1719. It forms a boundary on the north of Boothbay. 81. Paradise Point. — A small cape or point extending into Linekin Bay, at its northeastern extremity, near East Boothbay Village, at which place its mail is received. This point is wholly devoted to summer residences. Included in Boothbay. 82. Parish Lot. — The lot on the hill easterly from Boothbay Center, originally appropriated to the early Presby- terian church of the town. Situated in Boothbay. 83. Pig Cove. — The cove extending westerly from Capi- tal Island into Southport. 84. Pirates Cove. — Another name for Lobster Cove. 85. Pleasant Cove. — A cove extending nearly two miles from the current of the Damariscotta Eiver into the mainland of Bopthbay, in a southwesterly course. One of the principal early settlements of the town was about this cove. M HISTOEY OF BOOTHBAY. 86. PiSGAH. — The name given the hill easterly from the village of Boothbay Harbor by the Kev. John Murray, when his parsonage vras completed and he settled in it. It was as a name given to a country scat, and in line with the customs of the country from which he came. In his record book of mar- riages the place where the ceremony was performed is inva- riably given, and, if at the parsonage, is always "Pisgah" — never Mount Pisgah. He sometimes headed his correspond- ence in the same manner. The prefix has been attached to the name since Mr. Murray's time. This hill is a natural feature of great value to the village, affording a location for the standpipe to the water system as well as for the United States Weather Signal Station. It has an altitude of 184 feet. 87. PowDERHORN IsLAND. — Contains about three acres ; lies southwest from the Isle of Springs, and was sold by Mr. Swett with that island to the association. 88 . Pumpkin Kock. — An iiTegularly shaped island of ledge, seven and one-half miles from the village of Boothbay Harbor, southeasterly. A part of Boothbay. 89. Ram Island. — Northerly from Fisherman's Island, with a narrow channel of water between, lies Ram Island, five acres area, on which is located the Government light. North- westerly from the Isle of Springs are the two Ram Islands, one of four and the other of three acres. All are included in Boothbay. 90. Reed's Island. — Situated easterly from Linekin Neck, where Little River opens from the ocean. Contains three acres. A part of Boothbay. Took its name from Ben- jamin Reed, who formerly owned it. 91. Sawyer's Island. — An island in the Sheepscot con- nected with Hodgdon's Island by bridge ; also bridged to the mainland of Boothbay Harbor, the center abutment of which bridge is the town line. It contains about 175 acres. There are several good farms, a hotel, general store, chapel, school- house and several residences. A regular landing of the Eastern Steamship Company. Takes mail from Trevett. It is part of Boothbay. PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 27 92. Sheepscot. — A name contemporary in age with Pemaquid, Newagen, Damariscove or any of the other ancient localities in this region. Like Damariscotta it is a name that, to some extent, has usurped Boothbay's place in history. Sheepscot deeds extended even to the northern part of Cape Newagen Island at a very early day. Later the name, though continuing to apply to the river and bay, related to no settle- ment except that near the bridge in the western part of the town of Newcastle ; but the connection of a fact and a name fixed in the mind, where the conditions have changed, is often misinterpreted by later generations. Some of the ancientry belonging to Boothbay is ascribed to Sheepscot, because it is regarded as enacted at Sheepscot, but the point of its enact- ment was from twelve to eighteen miles farther south than the Sheepscot settlement of to-day. 93. SoTJTHPORT. — The incorporated town which includes Cape Newagen Island, formerly so-called, and other islands set off from Boothbay and incorporated as Townsend, February 12, 1842, the name being changed to Southpoii; in 1850. It has a boat landing where all boats to and from Bath touch. It is bridged to the mainland of Boothbay Harbor, across Townsend Gut, about two miles west from the village. It contains three post offices, known as Southport, West South- port and Newagen, and a summer postal service at three of its island resorts. It has nine summer boarding houses and five hotels, three general stores, boat-building and ice works. 94. Spectacle Islands. — They lie at a point in the Sheepscot about equally distant from Indiantown, Isle of Springs and Boston Island, and contain about one acre each. Their formation suggested the name which has been applied to them for many years. They are part of Boothbay. 95. Spruce Point. — A point of land consisting of about three hundred acres, which divides the waters of Boothbay Harbor from Linekin Bay. The land rises gradually from all sides toward the center, with bold shores and good water all about. 96. Squirrel Island. — This island surveys one hundred and thirty acres. It is owned by an association and is exclu- 28 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. sively devoted to summer homes. It has hotel, store, restau- rant, church, casino, post and telegraph offices and library. Connected with Boothbay Harbor by submarine telegraph cable ; takes water from the Boothbay Harbor system, by submarine pipe laid from the end of Spruce Point to the island. At its steamboat landing all steamers on the Portland and Boothbay Harbor line touch each way, and all steamers of the Eastern Steamship Company to and from Bath during the season. It is part of Southport, but has a charter conferring special privileges. A petition to Governor Andros in 1687 shows the name to have then existed. 97. Thorpe Island. — Situated in the Sheepscot, north- easterly from Trevett, between Barter's Island and the Booth- bay mainland. Contains about twenty acres. It is a part of Boothbay. 98. TiBBETTS Island. — Situated in Back Eiver, about two and one-half miles north of Thorpe Island. Contains about sixteen acres. Owned by George Adams, and now called Adams Island. A part of Boothbay. 99. TowNSEND. — The name given by Colonel Dunbar to an indefinite territory situated between the Sheepscot and Dam- ariscotta Eivers, where he settled a colony in 1730. It was named in honor of Lord Charles Townshend, second viscount, of England, and father to Charles Townshend, who later was the chief figure in imposing the stamp and tea taxes upon the Colonies. When the name Was dropped by the incorporation of Boothbay in 1764, it still clung to the harbor, and to this day the older element all alongshore refer to us as Townsend. In 1842, what is now Southport chose it for the new town name, but it was changed as heretofore noticed in 1850, and the principal reason assigned was the confliction which was caused by the sticking of the name of Townsend to Boothbay Harbor by the seagoing public. The letter "h" has seldom appeared in the spelling of the name in America. 100. Townsend Gut.— The passage by water between the mainland of Boothbay Harbor and Southport. It alone retains the name, in part, once applied to the entire region. PHYSICAL AND DE8CKIPTIVE. 29 101. Tumbler Island. — A small island at the entrance to the inner harbor. 102. Wadswoeth's Cove. — The most northerly cove extending from the Damariscotta into Boothbay territory. It takes its name from Deacon Wadsworth, who formerly lived there. 103. Wall's Point. — Named for Andrew Wall, who first settled there, and owned the entire point. It has grown by degrees to be known as Wallace's Point, which is clearly wrong. The proper name should be restored. 104. West Boothbay Harbor. — That part of the town which the name indicates. Formerly called Haley. 105. White Islands. — Mere rocks having the appearance of islands, southeasterly from the Hypocrites. 106. WiDGiNS. — This, in a sense, is the nearest a mystical name we have to deal with. It is mentioned in Hubbard's Indian Wars as being a settlement in flames, seen by looking shoreward from Damariscove, whence the settlers had fled for safety in 1676, from an Indian outbreak. It is enumerated in connection with Corbin's Sound and Cape Newagen, and is thought to have been a settlement on either Spruce or McKown's Point. 107. Wood Island. — The northern end of Damariscove, which formerly was heavily wooded, and makes at high water the appearance of a separate island. Sailing Directions to Boothbay Harbor. Coast and Geodetic Survey Charts 313, 314, and 105. From the Eastward. — " Passing Earn Island Light-House, 1-8 mile off and heading W. 3-4 N., continue until Burnt Island Light-House bears N. W. 1-2 N., when, if at night, you will be in the white rays ; by keeping inside of the white rays, and heading N. W. 1-2 N., you will be clear of all dangers ; continue until the light-house is distant 900 feet, when N. by E. 3-4 E. carries into the harbor. On this course give Tumbler Island a berth of 600 feet. Boothbay affords excellent anchorage, with good holding ground, and is much frequented. Mean rise and fall of tide, 8 3-4 feet." go HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. From the Westward. — "Bring Seguin Light-House to bear N. W., 1 1-2 miles, and Ram Island Light-House N. E. 3-4 E., and run N. E. 3-4 E. for Ram Island Light-House until the Cuckolds Bell Buoy bears N. N. W. 1-4 W., 1-2 mile. This course at night keeps within the white rays of Ram Island Light until past the red rays of Burnt Island Light, and when the latter light, showing white, bears N. by E. 1-4 E. change course to N. by E. 1-4 E. for Burnt Island Light ; keep within the white rays until Ram Island Light opens out beyond Squirrel Island and bears S. E. 1-2 E., then run N. E. by N. until you have crossed the red and white rays of Burnt Island Light, giving it a berth of 900 feet, and enter the red rays ; then haul up immediately to N. by E. 1-2 E. for the harbor, giving Tumbler Island a berth of 600 feet." That the reader may make a comparison between the accurate directions, which are given our seamen now (1904), and the more general ones, before our coast was defined by lights, whistles, bells and other signals, an extract is here introduced from Blunt's American Coasting Pilot, edition of 1804, thus giving the improvement of just a century. "Directions for Townsend Harbor. "If you come from the westward and make Seguine Island, you must leave it on your larboard hand, give it a birth of about half a mile, and steer N. E. about 2 leagues, which course will carry you to Squirrel Island; if it is day time you will see two large rocks (called the Cuckolds) on your larboard hand, to which you give a small birth, and when you pass them you will make Squirrel Island, which you leave on your starboard hand, directing your course N. 1-2 W. about 4 or 5 miles. The entrance of Townsend is narrow, and there is a small rocky island that is very low which you leave on your starboard hand ; then you may haul to the N. E. or N. E. by E. but in a dark night and thick weather I would recom- mend to anchor under the lee of Squirrel Island." Lights and Fog Signals. Ram Island. — Established in 1883 ; tower of granite 20 feet high, from base of structure to center of lantern, 39 1-4 feet, white above; connected with shore by an open bridge. White dwelling on shore near the end of bridge. Bell on the northwesterly side of tower ; red-brick oil house 500 feet S. E. PHYSICAL AND DESCEIPTIVB. 31 from light tower. It is 35 1-2 feet above mean high water and visible 11 1-4 nautical miles. This light is located on the northerly side of Ram Island, thus bringing it on the southerly side of Fisherman's Island passage into Boothbay Harbor from the eastward. The light is fixed red with two fixed white sectors ; and the fog signal is a bell struck by machinery every twenty seconds, a double and single blow alternately. Burnt Island. — Established in 1821 ; white conical tower and white dwelling, connected by a covered way and porch. White pyramidal bell tower, 60 feet S. E. 1-4 S., and red-brick oil house 168 feet from light tower. The light is 61 feet above mean high water and is visible 13 1-4 nautical miles. This light is located on the southeasterly part of Burnt Island. It is a red light flashing every five seconds, with two fixed white sectors ; and the fog signal is a bell struck by machinery a double blow every minute. Cuckolds. — Established in 1892 ; white half-round stone pier, surmounted by half-round, white, brick fog-signal build- ing with high conical roof, shingled, natural color. White one-and-one-half story wooden dwelling attached to pier and fog-signal building on northwesterly side, protected on easterly side, to half height of first story windows, by a bulkhead extending from stone pier to outbuildings in rear of dwelling. This is a fog-signal station only. It is fitted with a DaboU trumpet, the signal being blasts of three seconds, silent inter- vals of seventeen seconds. If the trumpet should be disabled a bell is to be struck by hand. Hendrick's Head. — Established in 1829 ; rebuilt in 1875 ; white square tower and dwelling ; pyramidal white bell tower, near water's edge to westward ; all connected by covered ways ; red-brick oil house 247 feet N. E. 7-8 N. from light tower. The light is 42 1-2 feet above mean high water, and is visible 11 3-4 nautical miles. It has a flashing white light every thirty seconds ; its fog signal is a bell struck by machinery every twenty seconds. Water Powers. In Wells' Water Power of Maine, published in 1869, by a return of the board of selectmen of Boothbay, the town is 32 HISTOEY OF BOOTHBAY. accorded three water powers : first, the outlet of Adams Pond ; second, the outlet of Campbell's Ponds ; third, the Mill Cove stream. All these have had mills in the past, and, at Adams Pond, one still is in operation. Additional to these there was, in the early days, a mill on the stream which emptied into Pleasant Cove, owned by Benjamin Kelley. In recent years a mill has been run at some seasons on the N. C. Keed place, a small power being furnished by damming the brook on his land. The stream from Echo Lake, which empties into Lobster Cove, also would furnish considerable power at some seasons ; and this was probably one of the con- siderations which caused several to settle at that particular place at the time of the Dunbar colonization. Situated as Boothbay was, being the southern end of a peninsula, which attained less than five miles at its greatest width, and less than seven miles to the north this width was narrowed about one-half, it seems little less than wonderful that provisions of nature were such that water powers existed, evenly distributed over the territory, to serve the colonists in their primitive wants, — to saw their lumber, grind their grain and work their wool and flax, thus covering the three great necessities of man, food, raiment and shelter. Geology. Three separate appropriations were made by Maine in the years 1836-7-9, for a geological examination of the State, to be conducted by Dr. Charles T. Jackson, Geologist to the State of Maine. Dr. Jackson held membership in several foreign mineralogical societies and stood eminent in his profession. The principal points of Maine were visited by him, and three annual reports were made. This work was published and is now very rare and much sought for by libraries and others. In the second report is found the following : "The surf preventing us from exploring the islands around, we ran into Townsend Harbor at Boothbay. This place is one of the most frequented harbors on the eastern coast of the State, and is a favorite resort for invalids during the summer season on account of the purity of the air and the facilities for bathing in clear sea- water. This harbor is well protected from the swell of the sea, and has an excellent light-house placed at its entrance, upon Burnt Island. PHYSICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 33 " The rocks of Boothbay are not very interesting, being mostly coarse varieties of mica slate, gneiss and granite, the latter rock being found in veins traversing the gneiss. We next ran to Cape Newagen, which we found to be composed of gneiss rocks, the strata running northeast and southwest, and dipping to the northwest. There are also veins of granite of a light color intersecting the strata." The report upon Boothbay and Cape Newagen is much the same as it appears relating to other parts of Lincoln County, as the county is now constituted. Edgecomb and Broad Cove, in Bristol, showed a more valuable granite than other points. Chaets, Plans and Publications. But one plan of Boothbay is known to have been made, which is supposed to have embraced the entire town, including the islands. This was the work of Dr. Daniel Rose, and bore his name, though the appropriation designated John McClin- tock as the contracting party with the town, and references show that it bore date of December 15, 1815. A reference to it in John Swett's deed of Thirty Acre Island, in 1816, from the State, shows that section to have been included. Another reference to it in a deed of the farm lately owned by W. C. Clisby, near O. M. Delano's, being the property owned by members of the Alley family in early times, shows that place to have been marked on the plan "Lot No. 52." Inquiry has failed to unearth this plan, or even to find any person who remembers having seen it. The numbering of the lots com- menced at Cape Newagen and went north. The United States Geological Survey charts issued in 1893 are very accurate in the matter of mapping the locality, cover- ing in a comprehensive manner the general contour of the territory, including the ponds, streams and roads. The Coast and Geodetic Surveys made by the Government are very full and complete. No work specially treating of the Boothbay region has ever been published. There are disconnected articles and references, widely scattered, which relate more or less fully to certain features, which may properly be termed incidents in history, but nothing general or connected has ever appeared. It was in recognition of this fact that the present work was prompted. 34 history of boothbay. Soil and Trees. The soil on the elevations throughout the region is shallow and of gravelly composition ; in lower lands it is also gravel mixed with clay, tending, on the Damariscotta side, to a clay suitable for brickmaking. The uplands are early lands, as a rule, and the valleys when properly cultivated are productive. Nearly all the various trees of the State are found within the limits of this territory, but soft woods largely predominate. CHAPTEE II. Aboriginal Inhabitants. THE purpose of this chapter is to give some of the leading characteristics of the native inhabitants who occupied these lands before the advent of the Europeans. Something in the way of description of that race, their modes of living, num- bers, divisions into tribes, and where, in our immediate vicinity, are the plainest designated points of their occupancy. The con- test between savage and civilized life for supremacy in this ter- ritory will not be presented, for that more naturally belongs to the story of the struggles, the victories and defeats of the colo- nists, extending over a period of nearly a century and a half. The Indian inhabitants of Maine were divided into two great confederacies ; the Abenaques and the Etechemins ; and the Penobscot Eiver was the line of demarcation. ^ The Abena^ ques dwelt westerly and the Etechemins along the banks and east of this river. The former were divided into four large tribes ; the latter into three.® The Sokokis, the smallest tribe among the Abenaques, were settled upon the Saco River ; and their principal abode was Indian Island, just above the Lower Falls, also a settlement in the present town of Frye- burg and another on the Great Ossipee. The Anasagunticooks dwelt along the Androscoggin River, on the west side, from its sources to Merrymeeting Bay ; their principal resort being at Pejepscot, now Brunswick. The Canibas lived on the Kennebec River, from Norridgewock to the sea, and Kennebis, the paramount lord of the tribe, lived on Swan Island ; but there were several other points along the river where settle- ments of some size were indicated, notably at Norridgewock and Teconnet, now Winslow. The Wawenocks occupied the remaining space between the two great rivers, Kennebec and Penobscot, their principal settlements being on the Sheepscot and Damariscotta, of which more particular mention will be made. 1. Will. Me, 1, 463 ; 1 Kendall's Travels, p. 61 ; Heckewelder, p. 109. 2. Parkmau's Jesuits, p. 321 ; Will. Me. 1, 466. 36 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. Among the Etechemins the Tarratines were the most power- ful and we shall have more occasion to notice them hereafter than the others ; they lived along the Penobscot, one settlement being at the mouth of the Kenduskeag, where Bangor now stands, another three miles above, on the west side of the river, nearly opposite the present village of Eddington Bend ; their principal resort, however, was on the peninsula of Major- biguyduce, now Castine ; and if Capt. John Smith did not err, probably they had one settlement on the west of the Penobscot, between that river and the mountains, in the vicinity of where Camden stands to-day. The smallest tribe of the Etechemins was known at an early date and often referred to as the Open- angos, but later as the Passamaquoddys or 'Quoddy tribe ; they have lived around the waters of Passamaquoddy Bay and the Schoodic River. The last and most eastern tribe was known as the Marechites. They bordered upon the Micmac territory of Nova Scotia, and were the least intelligent as well as the least known of the Maine tribes. They lived along the St. John Eiver and had two leading resorts, one at the mouth of the Madawaska and the other some eighty miles farther down, at Meductic Point. While these were the main divisions of the two great con- federacies, in several instances these tribes were to some extent sub-divided. For instance we have record of the minor tribes, like the Pejepscots and the Machias Indians and others. About 1614 and 1615, when the Europeans made their first estimates of the Indian population of Maine, based largely on the calculations of Capt. John Smith, it was placed as fol- lows : The total number of Abenaque warriors, 5,000, allowing to the Sokokis 900, to the Anasagunticooks 1,500, the Canibas 1,500 and the Wawenocks 1,100. The Etechemins were esti- mated at 6,000 warriors, divided thus : Tarratines 2,400, Openangos 1,400, and Marechites 2,200. The total Indian population of the territory now constituting Maine being then placed at from 35,000 to 40,000. The sources of information at that time were such that great confidence has been placed in the estimates by all writers upon this subject. The Abenaque tribes were all subject to the Bashaba, his rule extending from the Penobscot to Cape Cod. He dwelt ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 37 with the Wawenocks, at some point within their territory, and they were his immediate subjects. Imagination has been yery fertile with some writers on this matter, and Norumbegua, Arambec and Arumpeag, as each author has fancied to term it, has figured as the mythical city of this ancient race — sought, but never found. The fact doubtless is that it never existed. The Indian had his resorts and temporary abiding places. These places he went from, and came back to, and lived in often, but not continuously. In the early part of 1615 a war broke out between the Tarratines and western Indians. It raged with great violence for two years and was the beginning of the end of the Abena- ques of Maine. In 1617 a plague or pestilence, the exact nature of which has never been known, broke out among the Indians to the westward of the Penobscot and continued into the next year. By this they were cut down by hundreds at all points along the coast and up the rivers, wherever their settle- ments extended ; the disease seeming to hover over the van- quished and claim them alone for its victims. ^ One great peculiarity of the disease that afflicted them was that where it raged the worst English fishermen mingled with them, even sleeping in their wigwams, and were unaffected. It has been thought that the two years' war that just preceded it, during which time the western Indians were driven from their hunting, fishing and planting grounds, forced them to that precarious kind of diet that their systems became impoverished to that extent that they fell an easy prey to the malady that followed. It is certain that the eastern Indians were not much, if any, affected by it.^ Years after the early explorers found many places where several had died together, perhaps all of a family, and had been unburied. This wholesale scourge was referred to by the English King in one of his patents, at the time, as a visitation of God, and a providential interference with the race favoring European colonization.^ In the war the Bashaba was slain and the title 1. As late as October, 1763, a pestilence of an unknown nature broke out among the Indians of Martha's Vineyard and the following January there were left hut 86 persons from a tribe that numbered 320 at the beginning of the scourge. Hutch. Hist, Mass. I, 38. 2. Annals of Warren, p. 17 ; Johnson's Pemaquid, p. 43. 3. Young's Chronicles of Plymouth, p. 183. 36 HISTORY OF BOOTIIBAY. never reappeared among the tribes. As may well be supposed from the location of the Wawenocks they were more nearly exterminated than either of the other tribes ; but it was nearly the middle of the following century before the remnant broke up and left their native country, merging themselves in the tribes of Canada. During all this period they acted generally under the influence of either the Massachusetts Indians or the Tarra- tines, their former foes, in their hostility to the colonists. The Anasagunticooks first went to Canada and joined the St. Fran- cois Indians early in 1747, followed soon after by the Sokokis. The Canibas withdrew the remnant of their tribe to Norridge- wock, where after many years with dwindling numbers they, too, went to Canada. Soon after 1747 the Wawenocks, having but few families left, went to Canada and joined their brethren at Becancourt.^ The Etechemins withstood the war and the ravages of the plague, but were much cut down in numbers. The remnant of the Tarratines, now known as the Penobscots, are at Indian Island, Old Town. The ' Quoddy tribe are on the shore of their old bay at Pleasant Point in the town of Perry, both wards of the State of Maine. The remainder of the Marechites are near Frederickton, N. B. The principal dwelling places of the Wawenocks must have been those spots here and there alongshore which have shown the greatest amount of offal deposit. They had no fortifications or earthworks, no buildings with durable foundations, nothing that marked the surface of the earth in other than a temporary fashion, except where had accumulated huge piles of shells from clams or oysters, mingled with the bones of birds and game, various implements and cooking utensils, lost or cast away, with sometimes the skeletons of their own dead. Ordinarily in the vicinity of one of these places, which shows to have been an Indian resort, has been found an Indian burying ground. Search where one may for these localities and they invariably will be found on a southern slope, with high, well-wooded land, as a weather shield, lying to the north and west, with a pond, spring or stream of good pure water near, and, at a convenient distance, productive clam flats, which 1. Will. Me. I, 469. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 39 to the present day are famed for both quantity and quality of this bivalve. There is every reason to believe that the Indian has always been a migratory being. He is that now. He was probably the same before ever a European set foot on American soil. In winter when the interior was closed down under ice and snow he came to the seashore, where he had all that that locality produced for sustenance, clams, oysters, fish and birds ; and in these regions, before civilization had placed its mark upon the territory, all the game worked seaward, too, in winter, on account of the great depth of snow back from the ocean. ^ In spring the Indian followed the salmon and shad up the rivers, and hunted the forest game, which also at that season worked back along the rivers and streams. The two great centers of Wawenock settlement were where the Damariscotta oyster shell deposit exists and about the lower Sheepscot waters, though there were many minor ones. Indications point to this Damariscotta locality as the Norum- begua or Arambec of the ancients, and also as being the resi- dence of the Bashaba, more strongly than any other place. These beds form a cliff varying from six to twenty-five feet above high water mark ; they are from eighty to one hundred rods in width, and extend one hundred and eight rods in length, and were estimated by Dr. Jackson as containing 45,000,000 cubic feet.^ There are several reasons why this place is indicated as the chief point in old Mavooshen.^ It shows to have been the center and abode of a mighty horde of eaters, much greater in extent than any other in America, and one of the largest in the world ;* it was as nearly central in their territory as any place that could be selected ; the quality of the food was better than any other section has shown, being oysters instead of clams, and the ruling element usually takes the best in either civilized or barbarian life ; lastly, when the Popham and Gilbert colony was visited by a delegation from the Bashaba, 1. As an indication that this is correct it may be said that this fact still exists in Washington County, the only county in Maine having unsettled territory to any extent near the sea ; and deer are always more numerous on the borders of civilization, where there are some cleared spots, than they are in the depths of a dense forest. 2. Geological Report III, 67. 3. The aboriginal name for the Wawenock territory, 4. Fiske's Discovery of America I, 4; Second Annual Report of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology, p. 18. 10 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. consisting of his brother Skidwares and Nahanada, extending an invitation to visit him, a locality northerly from Pemaquid was indicated by them/ and not the lower Sheepscot, where the next greatest aggregation of offal deposit exists. A similar, though smaller, deposit is to be found on the Hawthorne or Barton farm in the town of Gushing.^ Another is found in Bremen, on the farm formerly owned by Jacob Keene ; again on the Benjamin Palmer place at Broad Cove ; and also on the northerly end of Loud's Island, formerly known as Muscongus. Westerly from the Sheepscot, in Kobin Hood's ' Cove, Georgetown, may be found a similar deposit. All these places have the requisites previously mentioned : a high, wood- sheltered background, a southern slope to the sun, with good fresh water and productive clam flats near at hand. In our own locality each reader is somewhat familiar with the physical features of the country. On ancient Cape Newagen, now Southport, there are several minor spots about Ebenecook Harbor, but the one most in evidence is the southern slope from Dogfish Head, where the entire soil in some places, particularly where the old Haddocks fish stand was built, and all about where the old flake yard was, is composed of pulver- ized shell deposit to the depth of several feet. This was in mounds in Palgrave Haddocks' time, but was leveled to a smooth and regular field by his sons and grandsons. Across the cove from the Haddocks stand, near the Cameron landing, is another of the old resorts ; but the most famous in our vicinity are the indications about Sawyer's Island and Indian- town.^ At the head of the cove which penetrates Sawyer's Island from the north, more than half the distance across it, were in early times quite well-defined cooking pots, cut in the rocks, which in later years have crumbled and sloughed off. It is supposed that they were used for cooking maize and vegetables by immersing hot stones in the pot holes when filled with water and the articles to be cooked. On Swett's Island Indian remains 1. Me. Hist. Coll. Ill, 307. 2. It may be said that all these other deposits are principally of clam shells and other offal. Few if any oyster shells are found. Cushman's Sheepscot, pp. SKMis. 3. Indiantown is thought by many to have applied as a name to the entire lower Sheepscot locality in and about Ebenecook Harbor ; but this name for many years has been narrowed in its significance to the single island now bearing that name. 1-1 o 'u U V I" o .S m ^ (3i > o ° ^ ^ ^ ^ p^ ^ a A "2 '3 O ft >> b ^ 42 1) 13 u (U a. 2 -M > tn m -a ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 41 were exhumed, where the skeleton showed that the buried was in a sitting posture, facing the rising sun, an almost universal custom, indicated by nearly every exhumation that has been made, and which has been interpreted as symbolic of their belief in a resurrection. ^ On Indiantown during the fifties, while plowing in a field where the soil was largely composed of this deposit, a piece of a two-edged knife or sword was unearthed, imbedded in a human skeleton, while near by were uncovered six other skele- tons, the blade of a long-bitted iron axe, a stone axe with a grooved neck instead of an eye, a piece of old-time saw plate, a short piece of iron chain, and a table knife of ancient pat- tern.^ This shell deposit at the south end of Indiantown Island is about ten feet in depth in places. It is unmistakably an artificial rather than a natural deposit, for, like that at Damariscotta, the earth beneath it is of the same composition as that about it, and the bottom of the deposit is above high water mark. All along the lower Sheepscot are vestiges of this ancient race, but much plainer when they were young, so the old men tell us. "Time's effacing fingers" have nearly swept the lines. The Wawenocks, as might be supposed, being the tribe which were the immediate subjects of the Bashaba, had many superior traits of character. They and the Canibas showed less hostility to the colonists than the two western tribes ; but the Abenaques as a whole, regardless of the many black crimes recorded against them, lacked much of the natural savagery of the Tarratines. Maine's leading historian says of the Wawenock race :^ "They were a brave^ active, personable people, — faith- ful in amity ; and when uninfluenced they disinclined to make war upon the English. They defended their prince with much valor until overcome." The signification of the name Wawenock is " veiy brave — fearing nothing." So numerous were they about the Sheepscot in early times that Douglas, an old writer, terms them in his 1. The religion, churcli service, marriage ceremony and manner of burial among the Indians have all changed in the last two centuries or thereatout, and for many years have taken on the Catholic forms. This has been the case ever since the French Jesuits gained an ascendancy over the Indians in matters of religious belief. 2. Ancient Dominions of Maine, p. 27. 3. Will. Me. I, 469. 42 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAYi description "the Sheepscot Indians."' They were well formed men and women, not so large as the Tarratines but better fea- tured. They subsisted entirely on cooked food and would eat nothing raw. Like all others of their race they loved gewgaws and finery, high colors and ornamental articles of dress. In war they painted their faces with red pigment into terrifying appearances, wearing glittering medals of copper or silver on their breasts, and pendant jewels in their ears and sometimes in their noses, with feathered turbans for a head gear. They lived in many cases to great ages, and deformity or idiocy was unknown among them. Their best wigwams ranged from twenty to forty feet in length by about fifteen in width. The ridgepole and plates were supported by crotched sticks driven in the ground. They were covered with bark and battened, but without doors or windows. The entrance was covered by a curtain, frequently being either a bear or deer skin. Each wigwam had a smoke hole near the center and the fire was built on the ground beneath it. Beds of evergreen boughs and twigs were ranged in a sort of windrow form along the sides, upon which they slept at night and sat upon while doing their work on garments or snowshoes during the day. They had but one regular meal and that was at evening. At other times they ate according to the' demands of appetite. No bird, fish or animal which they were able to capture was ever thrown away if they needed food. All were eaten. They did not know how to make bread until they learned from the French and English. They formerly pounded their corn in stone mortars, and boiled their water in wooden troughs and trays by inserting red-hot stones. They usually smoked or broiled meats and fish, boiled or stewed vegetables, and roasted nuts in the hot ashes. The Indians of Maine all believed in a Great Spirit, called by the Abenaques, Tanto ; and by the Etechemins, Sazoos. Their paradise was always in the direction of the setting sun. The principal Indian names of individuals of rank belonging to the Wawenock and Canibas tribes, which were best known to our English colonists along these shores from 1605 to the end of that century, and which may be found by searching the early York Deeds and local history, were Moxas, We^un- 1. Will. Me. 1, 4G8. ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS. 43 gavet, Kobin Hood, Menawormet, Mchodehant, Samoset, Quesemenecke, Sebenoa, Obias, Damarine, Sasanoa, Wiwurna, - Skidwares, Nahanada, Amenquin, Dick Swash, Jack Pudding, Josle, Agilike, Wittinose, Erie Dugles, Matahando, Sheepscot John and Hopehood. The last named was son of Robin Hood, and the most desperate, cruel and relentless leader from these parts. He was killed while leading a raiding band through New Hampshire, in 1690, by some Canadian Indians who mistook him for a Mohawk, with whom they were at war.^ 1. It is probable that the Wawenock territory would he more exactly described if its eastern limits were set at and upon Georges or St, George Eiver, than as extending to the Penobscot waters. It is likely that the Tarratines occupied the Penobscot and had some settlement along its western banks. CHAPTER III. Early Voyages and Explorations. PAEKMAN briefly covers the Spanish case when he says : " Toward the close of the fifteenth century Spain achieved her final triumph over the infidels of Granada, and made her name famous through all generations by the discovery of America. Every ship from the New World came freighted with marvels which put the fictions of chivalry to shame ; and to the Spaniard of that day America was a region of wonder and mystery, of vague and magnificent promise. Thither adventurers hastened, thirsting for glory and for gold, and often mingling the enthusiasm of the crusader and the valor of the knight-errant with the bigotry of inquisitors and the rapac- ity of pirates. The extravagance of hope and the fever of adventure knew no bounds." ^ Spain confined herself, principally, to that part of America near the equator, notably to Central America, Peru, Mexico, the West India Islands and Florida. The only oflicial Spanish expedition to the northern Atlantic coast of America was undertaken by Gomez, sailing from Corunna, soon after Feb- ruary 10, 1525, with the intention of making the intermediate coast his objective point. De Leon and Ayllon, of his own country, had discovered and explored Florida in 1512 and 1520, as far as 33° north. John Cabot, in 1497, and Sebastian Cabot, who was a friend and correspondent, in 1498, had vis- ited Newfoundland and Labrador ; therefore, Gomez sought an unworked field. ^ He was absent from Spain about ten months, in which time he sailed along the coast from Florida to Newfoundland. Ribero's map, which followed this voyage, depicts our coast in a general way, so it would be recognizable. The triangular form of Penobscot Bay is clearly given, studded with islands, and the shores of Maine were called the land of Gomez. This name, and others that he gave to prominent 1. Pioneers of France, p. 9. 2, Me. Hist. Coll. Doc, Ser., Vol. I, p. 274. EAELY VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 45 points on that voyage, lasted, in some cases, many years. Portuguese and Spanish fishermen were about Newfoundland, and perhaps as far west as the Maine coast, as eai-ly as that date, probably early as 1504, and continued to come to these shores well up to 1600. The interests and efforts of France were centered farther north. As a matter of private enterprise, Denis, of Honfleur, explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1506 ; Aubert, of Dieppe, followed in 1508. In 1524 Verrazzano, a Florentine in the service of France, explored the coast from near the site of Wilmington, N. C, to Newfoundland. He skirted the coast along, touching near the site of Portsmouth, and then made his cruise along the shores of the Gulf of Maine. He stated that while at the South he found the natives agreeable and gen- tle, here, on the Maine coast, they were in an irritable state, rude and ill-mannered. No navigator of his time knew better than Verrazzano just what localities had been visited up to that date by voyagers and fishermen, and he interpreted it at once as an indication that the Indian race, in these parts, was dis- affected from treatment they had received from European visitors. He noted another peculiarity of the Indians on this coast, which strengthened his suspicions ; while at the South the natives were pleased with any trinket or ornament, here they wanted nothing but fishhooks, knives, or some iron or steel instrument that would cut, and appeared as though they had learned the use of such articles. He concluded that Euro- pean barter with the natives had commenced before his visit.^ Francis I, of France, directed two vessels to be fitted for western exploration, and placed them in command of Jaques Cartier, who sailed from St. Malo April 20, 1534. His land fall was near Cape Buonavista, Newfoundland, near where Cortereal reached in 1500. He passed through the Straits of Belle Isle and entered Bay Chaleur, ascending the St. Law- rence as far as Anticosti. In 1535 Cartier made a second voyage, this time going up the St. Lawrence to Stadacone, now Quebec, and after a little tarry proceeded still further to Hochelaga, now Montreal. Again Cartier sailed with Eober- val. It is said that in 1545, during January and February, 1. Me. Hist. Coll. Doc. Ser., Vol. I, p. 266. 46 HISTORY OP BOOTHBAY. an average of about two vessels a day sailed from French ports for Newfoundland. La Roche, in 1598, under a commission from Henry IV, sailed west to Sable Island. In 1556 Andre Thevet sailed from Florida along the North Atlantic coast to Newfoundland. He mentions "Norumbegue," which, he states, the natives called "Agoncy." He speaks of the region in detail, clearly indicating Fox Islands, Camden Hills and Islesboro, which, he says, the natives called "Aiayascon," and that it was inhabited only by birds and fishermen. From this trip he sailed to Labrador, and home to France by way of the Azores. He describes no other part of his voyage with the interest that he does in the case of Penobscot Bay. De Monts, the French explorer, accompanied by Champlain, reached the present Liverpool, in Nova Scotia, in 1604 ; he rounded Cape Sable into the Bay of Fundy, later anchoring in the attractive harbor, which he granted to Poutrincourt, and he, in turn, settled it the following year as Port Royal, now the city of Annapolis, N. S. De Monts' charter from Henry IV, of France, embraced the territory between the 40th and 46th parallels of latitude (from the Delaware Bay to the GuK of St. Lawrence) . He cruised about the bay for a time, visited and named the St. John River, became somewhat acquainted with the Openango and Marechite tribes, which we have had previous occasion to notice, and then settled down for the winter of 1604-05 on Neutral Island, which is situated in the St. Croix River, and had been selected by Champlain for the purpose. Of the seventy-nine who commenced the winter, thirty-five died by the opening of spring from exposure and the scurvy. In the previous September, in a little bark of fifteen tons, he sailed west to Mount Desert, which he visited and named, and entered the Penobscot River, by him called the Pentagoet, and again, in these old records, the mystical name of Norumbegua is sounded. June 18, 1605, almost the exact time that Weymouth was about Pentecost Harbor, De Monts sailed west, past the mouth of the Penobscot, where he had been the previous autumn, erected a cross at the Ken- nebec, taking possession of that country by the act, and so proceeded westward to Cape Cod, returning to St. Croix August 3d. EARLY VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 47 Thus far only French and Spanish voyages have been noted ; but England, though apparently lagging in the enterprise of discovery and colonization, was destined to show a lasting though a latent energy. In 1497 John Cabot, accompanied by his son Sebastian, under a grant from Henry VII, made a voy- age of three months, touching Labrador only, and returned to England. The next year Sebastian again crossed the ocean, his first land fall being near Davis Strait. He then sailed southward along the coast, stopping at Newfoundland awhile, and probably sailed along the Gulf of Maine to Cape Cod. The Cabots were seeking both territory and a northwest pas- sage to Cathay, and their knowledge of geography and naviga- tion, and the principle of what is termed " great circle sailing," led them to make those far north land falls. In the Privy Purse account of Henry YH occurs an item each year, for 1503-4-5, where cash gifts were made to parties who had brought him relics and wild animals and birds from Newfound- land, yet not a word in identification of the person or the voy- age. It simply shows the communication to have been greater than has been commonly supposed between the old world and the new at that period. Similar entries of making like gifts also occur between the date of Cabot's voyage and 1503. But for half a century after Cabot voyaged for his King, little, on the part of England, was done in following up the fisheries, in comparison to what was being done in the same line by the French, Spanish and Portuguese. This is surprising, inas- much as Cabot reported the cod in such schools off Newfound- land as to impede his progress ; but at that time, England con- trolled the Icelandic fisheries and this may account for not persevering to a greater extent, about the Newfoundland waters, early in the sixteenth century. The Portuguese brought both cattle and swine to Sable Island and they are reported to have multiplied greatly in a native condition.^ An English navigator, John Rut, June 10, 1527, sailed from Plymouth, with two vessels, the Mary of Guilford and the Samson. The Mary reached Newfoundland August 3d, and reported finding " eleven Norman vessels, one from Brittany, and two Portugal barks, all a-fishing." Rut 1. Hakluyt, p. 691. 48 HISTOKY OF BOOTHBAY. sailed along the coast and mentions Norumbegua. As this name actually applied to the Maine coast, and sometimes in a broader sense to all New England, this is the first recorded instance where Englishmen put their feet on Maine soil. Nowhere else on either continent has the fishing business been carried on so extensively and successfully, over a long term of years, as along the northern Atlantic coast, from 'Maine to Newfoundland. In 1577 there were reported one hundred fishing vessels about the Newfoundland waters. By 1600 England was sending annually about one hundred vessels there. ^ It was but a few years after this before the English fleet of fishermen was num- erous along the Maine coast. Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth, England, March 26, 1602, with thirty-two men, and made land May 4th, somewhere north of the Isle of Shoals. He skirted the coast along to Cape Cod, where, on June 18th, he re-embarked for England. The next year merchants from Bristol, England, fitted up a ship of fifty tons, giving the command to Martin Pring. They sailed from Milford Haven, April 10, 1603, shortly after the death of Queen Elizabeth. They sighted the Azores and fell in with the American coast at Fox Islands, in Penobscot Bay, on June 7th. The cod and haddock which they took were esteemed better than those taken farther north. Pring examined our coast line more carefully than any one who had preceded him, and carried back a careful draft and an account of it. They sailed for England in August. No other English navigator is mentioned until the voyage of George Weymouth, in 1605. He sailed from the Downs, March 31st, and on May 11th came in sight of the American coast near Cape Cod. He ran northwardly three days, from the 14th to the 17th of the month, and anchored about noon of the lat- ter day on the north side of a prominent island, which he named St. George, but which is now known by its aboriginal name, Monhegan. On the 19th he sailed northward two or three leagues, among the islands, toward the mountains he viewed in the distance, and anchored in an excellent harbor, which he named Pentecost Harbor. It has been a broadly discussed question, and much has been written upon it, where this Pen- 1. Sabine's Rep. on Fisheries, pp. 209-216. EARLY VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 49 tecoat Harbor was, and what river Weymouth ascended after he left his anchorage. There seemed to be a settled impression that it was St. George's Harbor for many years, but the river he ascended was thought to have been the Penobscot. To this view Belknap, Williams, Eaton and Williamson inclined. The writings of these authors being among the earliest published, and practically on the ground, other historical works, that only mentioned the matter incidentally, accepted their views, with- out, a knowledge of the locality. The report of Captain Wil- liams and the publications of Belknap are principally respon- sible for this view, however. At a later date McKeen, Sewall and others, seeing that this was untenable as a theory, when compared with Rosier's narra- tive, the chronicler of the voyage, launched the Kennebec Eiver theory, with Boothbay Harbor as the Pentecost of Weymouth. The historians, Bancroft, Abbott and Palfrey, accepted the Kennebec and Boothbay idea, and for some years this voyage became the largest subject for discussion in all Maine's early history. When carefully examined the Kenne- bec view was more inconsistent with Hosier's chronicle than the Penobscot had been. In 1859 Captain George Prince, of Bath, drew public attention to' the matter in a careful and exhaustive paper before the Maine Historical Society, in which he set forth that all inconsistencies might be eliminated if the earliest view of the harbor, St. George's, be taken, and the St. George Eiver substituted for the Kennebec or the Penobscot, in either case. The direction of the mountains, being those of Camden ; the description of the islands forming the harbor ; and the coves along the St. George, on either side ; the river, " trending westward into the main " ; all tallied with Rosier. It is probable that the matter would have been settled at a much earlier date had not Rosier described the river as a " large river." With that impression uppermost. Captain Wil- liams, who looked the gi-ound over in the interest of Belknap, reported the Penobscot was the only " large river " that could be considered. Had he only thought that in the country from which Weymouth and Rosier came the Thames and the Severn are considered large rivers; and had he critically examined that part of the narrative where the author estimates this 50 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. " large river" as extending only forty miles into the main, then Captain "Williams, as well as Captain Prince, might have recon- ciled the St. George as fitting the description. Members of the Maine Historical Society, it is believed, as a unit, accept the Prince theory, as do students of the subject everywhere.^ One act of Weymouth's voyage, which will always cause it to stand out prominent in history, was the capture of five Wawenock Indians, by treachery, and taking them to England. The names of the captured were Nahanada, Skidwares, Asse- comet, Dehamida and Tisquantum. For this act Weymouth is to the present day held up to the execration of mankind ; while Lord Popham and Sir Ferdinando Gorges are viewed as Christian gentlemen of unblemished character. The exten- uating facts that may be urged in behalf of Weymouth's mem- ory are, that he caused the kidnapping of these natives for no monetary gain. They were not sold into slavery or ill-treated, further than such punishment as would naturally be incidental to capture and transportation away from home and friends. He was on a voyage in the interest of Gorges and Popham, and when he returned to England these stolen Indians Avere divided between his employers. Gorges taking three into his house- hold, and Popham the other two. Gorges says, in his brief narration : " They were all of one nation, but of several parts and sev- eral families. This accident must be acknowledged the means under God of putting on foot and giving life to all our planta- tions." The real use to which the Indians were put in England was to teach them English, and then to obtain from them a descrip- tion of their country and its natural resources. They were all returned later and, unquestionably, were well cared for while in England. Captain Weymouth has been held before the public by many writers with all the odium of a slave-stealer, and his memory is blotted by this act ; but he was only the agent of principals on the other side of the Atlantic. The agent's purpose was secondary to that of the principals, but the nature of the act forced the first move on him. That accom- plished, the principals accepted the result of his work for the 1. Me. Hist. Coll., Vol. V, pp. 307-338 ; Vol. IX, p. 302 ; Vol. VI, pp. 291-307. Same, 2d Series, Vol. II, p. 226. EAKLT VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 51 carrying out of their object ; and Gorges, Christian gentleman that he was, only termed it an "accident." When the treatment of the captured, and the fact that they were sent back to be landed on the shores of their nativity, is all considered, the act does not take so dark a hue as it has many times been given. The intent was the essence of the crime then, as always ; and the intent was not bad. It worked, however, to the disadvantage of the English. The forcible, treacherous act of kidnapping was started in the minds of the natives, and, while nearly three-quarters of a century was to intervene before they should wage a disastrous war upon the white population, there was ever after a feeling of suspicion and distrust of the English on the part of the Indians. By act of King James I, who was now the English ruler, two patents were granted on April 10, 1606, with a view to colonization. This was the most vital action in this direction thus far taken by the English Government. They were known as the First and Second Colonies of Virginia.^ The first con- sisted of London gentlemen. Gates, Somers, Hakluyt, Wing- field and their associates ; and the other was composed of Gorges, Hanham, Gilbert, Popham, Parker and their associ- ates, from Plymouth and elsewhere. The country granted was from 34° to 45° north latitude, or from about the point of Cape Fear to the central part of Maine. The First Colony was permitted to begin a settlement anywhere below 41° north, and the Second Colony could commence anywhere above 38° north ; but one having commenced, the other should not begin a settlement within one hundred miles of the first planting. It will be only with the Second Colony of Virginia, sometimes called the Plymouth Company, that we shall have to do as we proceed. In August, 1606, the Second Colony sent out to their terri- tory, for the purposes of colonization, Capt. Henry Chalons. He had thirty-one men, and took along Dehamida and Asse- comet, intending to return them to their native shores. This is strongly presumptive that the locality that Weymouth had visited, and Rosier had described, was the intended destination. A little later one of the patentees, Capt. Thomas Hanham, 1. Will. Me., Vol. I, p. 196. 52 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. with more men and supplies, and the Indian Nahanada, fol- lowed Chalons. The latter, however, was not to be found by Hanham, so after some search he returned to England, accom- plishing nothing further than giving the country and the oppor- tunities for colonization a favorable word painting. Chalons, meantime, on November 10th, had been captured by the Span- iards, taken to Spain and his vessel condemned. While disappointment came to the North Virginia Com- pany, the Southern Company was making some progress. In April, 1607, with three ships and one hundred men, the settle- ment of Jamestown was effected, which was never entirely broken up. The spirit of rivalry at about this time is in evi- dence between the two companies in the matter of colonization. On May 31, 1607, George Popham, brother to the Chief Jus- tice, and Ealeigh Gilbert, nephew of Sir Walter Raleigh, sailed from Plymouth with two ships, the Gift of God and the Mary and John, with one hundred and twenty men, and provisions, utensils and other necessities adapted to planting in a wilder- ness. With them was Skidwares, another of Weymouth's captives, returned to his home and friends. Early in August they made land, evidently in the vicinity of Mount Deseit, and sailed westerly to an anchorage under Monhegan. They were among the islands in that vicinity for a few days, one of Strachey's descriptions being as follows : ^ "From twelve of the clock noon they kept their course due west and came neere unto three islands, lying low and flat by the water, shewing white to the water as if it were sand ; but yt is white rock, making shew afar off almost like Dover Cliffes. There lyeth so-west from the easter-most of the three islands a white rocky island, and those other three islands lye one of the other east and west." It is generally accepted that in the above the islands Dam- ariscove, Outer Heron and Fisherman's are described, and the white rocky one is Pumpkin Eock. The text preceding and following the above supports this view. On August 9th, it being Sunday, they went ashore at some island, presumably 1. William Strachey was not connected with this expedition. He was not even on this coast ; but he was Secretary of the South Virginia Company from 1609 to 1612, at about which time he returned to England. About 1618 he prepared his "Historie of Travaile into Virginia," some chapters of which were devoted to the Northern Col- ony. The data was probably from Interviews with or journals of some of the members of that voyage, EAKLY VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 53. Monhegan, perhaps another, and held divine worship. At whatever island it may have been, it was evidently the first Protestant church service ever held north of Jamestown, Va. While in the vicinity of the three islands referred to they were becalmed, but during the night a furious southern storm broke upon them. This they rode out till daybreak when Strachey tells us further : "Soe soone as the day gave light, they perceaved that they were hard abourd the shore, in the bay that they were in the dale before, which made them look out for some place to thrust in the shipp to save their lives ; for towing the long boat, yt laye suncke at the stern two howers and more, yett would they not cutt her off, lyving in hope to save her ; So bearing up helme, they stood in right with the shoare, when anon they perceaved two little islands, to which they made, and there they found (God be thancked) good anchoring, where they road untill the storme broak, which was the next dale after. Here they freed their boat, and had ashore to repaire her, being much torn and spoiled. These are two leagues to the westward of Sagadehoc. Upon one of them they went ashoare, and found four salvadges and one woman. The islands all rockye and full of pine trees." They selected the point of the peninsula, known by the Indians.as Sabino, on the western side of the Kennebec River, then called the Sagadahoc. This point is now well known to all as Popham Beach. It is well for the reader to consider for a moment the early distinction which that place received. The two great companies, chartered under James I, had each made its selection of a locality, in the same year, 1607, upon which to build a city, which should in future times be the cen- ter or nucleus of a New "World's population. Popham went down early, and is now, for its natural beauty, used as one of the many summer homes along the Maine coast, with but few inhabitants ; while of Jamestown Fiske justly says : " Of that sacred spot, the first abiding place of Englishmen in America, nothing now is left but the ivy-mantled ruins of the church tower and a few cracked and crumbling tombstones." "While Popham superintended the building of the fort and houses. Captain Gilbert explored, with a few of his men, as far west as Cape Elizabeth and about Casco Bay, also up the Kennebec to a point thought to be between Augusta and 54 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Waterville, and during the month of September went to Pem- aquid, by arrangement with Nahanada and Skidwares, to go with them and visit the Bashaba ; but on arriving there, being belated, those Indians had gone before them, and they returned to the settlement. While the others were getting ready for winter, Capt. Robert Davies was dispatched back to England in the Mary and John for supplies, expecting to return in the spring. After his departure they finished the fort, built fifty houses, a church and storehouse, and " a pretty Pynnace of about some thirty tonne, which they called the Virginia." Captain Davies arrived the following season, "with a shipp laden full of vitualls, armes, instruments and tooles," but he found President Popham dead, besides many others. It had been a rigorous winter in both America and Europe, far beyond the average in severity, still a good quantity of sassa- fras had been gathered, a large stock of furs had been obtained in trade with the Indians, and matters were not necessarily in the discouraging state that they have been depicted, had it not been that their leadership was gone. The ship brought over letters to Gilbert announcing the death of his brother, to a part of whose property he was heir. This influenced Gilbert to return to England, and the result of this western effort may be summed up in Strachey's closing : " Therefore they all ymbarqued in this new arrived ship, and in the new pinnace, the Virginia, and sett saile for Eng- land. And this was the end of that northerne colony uppon the river Sachadehoc." No oflScial voyages to this locality are recorded until 1614, when Capt. John Smith, of South Virginia fame, appears giv- ing some attention to the Virginia of the north. He set sail from England, March 3, 1614, with a ship and a bark and for- ty-five men, and reached Monhegan, where he anchored in its harbor, the last of April. He built several l)oats at Monhegan to range the coast with, leaving his vessel in that harbor. He took eight men with him on his excursions, and with his usual energy explored and surveyed the coast, which he mapped two years later, producing the best map of this coast that had appeared up to that date.' Again the two faithful Indians, 1. Captain Smith's map included the coast from the mouth of the Penobscot to Cape Cod. EARLY VOYAGES AND EXPLORATIONS. 55 Nahanada and Skidwares, appear to advantage as friends to the English. Captain Smith says : "The main assistance, next Grod, I had to this small num- ber, was my acquaintance among the Salvadges, especially with Nahanada, one of their greatest lords, who had lived long in England. By the means of this proud Salvadge, I did not doubt but quickly to have got that credit with the rest of his friends and alliants, to have had as many of them as I desired in any design." While Smith lay at Monhegan he reports " right against him in the main was a ship of Sir Francis Popham," also to the westward, some leagues away, were two French vessels well laden with furs and ready for a homeward voyage. On July 18th Smith sailed for England in his bark, leaving Captain Hunt in his ship to finish the fare of fish. No sooner had Smith departed than Hunt sailed westward to the Massachusetts shore, kidnapped twenty-seven Indians, and sailed to Spain, where a part of them were sold for about one hundred dollars apiece. This act of Hunt's was one of the most injurious to the English, who were trying to colonize the country, that ever occurred. Captain Smith dedicated his map and " Description of New England" to Prince Charles, afterwards Charles I, requesting him to change the barbarous names of the locality for such English that posterity would pronounce him their godfather. ^ New England first appears as a name at this point, as also does Charles Eiver, Cape Ann and Cape Elizabeth. Pemaquid was named St. John's town, and Monhegan called Barty Island. The last two names did not stick, though the others have. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, in 1616, sent Richard Vines to this coast with the express stipulation that he should winter here. This he did during the winter of 1616-17 with the Indians at the mouth of the Saco River.® Next we learn of Captain Rocroft in 1618, who came to these shores in the interest of the Plymouth Company. In a quarrel with some of his crew he put three of them ashore near where Vines had wintered. They worked east along the coast and reached Monhegan, where they spent the winter of 1618-19, in a suffering condition. Rocroft, 1. Mass. Hist. Coll., Sd, Vol. VI, p. 95. 2. From Vines, more than any one else, has been learned the severity of the epidemic among the Indians. That winter, while they were dying in hundreds all about him, not one of his crew was affected by the scourge. 56 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. without orders, sailed for Virginia, where in a quarrel he was killed by one of his own countrymen. Captain Dermer was sent out in the spring of 1619 to meet Rocroft, and largeh' for the purpose of conciliating the natives, who had, under the bad treatment they had received from the English, been growing very hostile. He failed to find Rocroft but touched at Monhe- gan and took off the three men who had passed the winter there. Dermer made Monhegan his headquarters, loaded with furs and sent his vessel back to England to market them, while he, in an open boat of five tons, with six or seven men, started for Virginia, going by way of Long Island Sound, the East River, New York Harbor and Sandy Hook. This was prob- ably the first time this route had been taken. At this point we have reached about the date when it is believed that several settlements were formed along the coast in our vicinity. The principal voyages on the Xorth Atlantic coast have been mentioned ; but, like Capt. John Smith in his "Historic," we have no doubt we have failed to mention " divers others that have ranged these parts whose true descrip- tions were concealed or died with their authors." We believe that enough has been presented, however, to convince the reader that the earliest movement along our immediate coast was not from that country to the south and west of us, along the Atlantic coast, which has become more populous than wo have ; but that the early visitation of these waters commenced far to the eastward of us, as far in fact as Newfoundland, and worked this way. The fact that Monhegan, in several instances, was made a headquarters for prominent action, nota- bly so in the case of Capt. John Smith, leads us to believe that that island, in the earliest days, was viewed in Europe, among navigators, as one of the principal landmarks on the Ameri- can coast. We shall not again meet with Nahanada or Skid- wares. Those noble and faithful natives, who have so often appeared, and with such prominence, were last mentioned by Captain Smith. When we think that just after his voyage, came first, to the Indians of our coast, a destructive Avar, followed by a blighting pestilence, we are licensed in the presumption that these two were among the fallen. CHAPTER IV- EaKLY SjlTTLEMENTS. THE exact date at which the first settlements were made, either in our immediate vicinity or in neighboring locali- ties, is unfixed. What may justly be termed a settlement certainly did not exist before 1620. Between that date and 1623 there were several commenced, including Monhegan, Damaris- cove, Pemaquid and Cape Newagen. These four places varied but little in their dates of birth as colonies. By ingenious inter- pretations of the recorded return to England of the Popham colonists, in the spring of 1608, many have come to believe that a part of these recolonized at Pemaquid, or elsewhere east of the Kennebec. Both documents and reason disprove this. "They all returned," is told us by the documents of the times. Reason adds that these leaderless, homesick men went back to England, and the passage was none too quick to please them. Popham, the head and life of the colony, was dead. Gilbert had learned by the vessel just arrived from England that he was heir to an estate, and, lacking positive characteristics, preferred the ease that goes with an inheritance to the honor that attaches to a successful pioneer. It must be remembered that the previous summer these colonists had ranged these parts for a feasible location, and decided in favor of the advantages of the place which they selected. They had built houses, fort and storehouse, besides making other improve- ments. They had passed the first winter, always the most severe ; a vessel laden with provisions, clothing, implements and all the necessary supplies for their support had come to them in the spring. They had already commenced a lucrative trade with the natives. Their sufferings were mostly behind them, not ahead. But they returned and defeated, by lack of resolution, all the efforts igade by themselves and all that had been made by the company that sent them. Can it be supposed that men in this frame of mind left what was estab- 58 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. lished and commenced anew on Damariscove or Monhegan, or at Pemaquid ? During the summer of 1614, when Captain Smith made Monhegan and its little harbor his headquarters, while he boated alongshore from Penobscot Bay to Cape Cod, entering every river of consequence, sounding some twenty-five harbors and visiting about forty Indian villages, had he not a perfect opportunity to ascertain as to settlements? But he tells us: "When I first went there the Northern Colony was dissolved and there was not one Christian in all the land." This should be final up to 1614. After this, for some years, Smith and others made vain attempts to raise a colonizing company in England to settle in America. It had been reported that the severity of the winters in this country made wintering here a practical impossibility. It was to test this very point that caused Gorges and Popham to send Richard Vines, with a crew, as we have seen, in 1617, with the express stipulation that they should pass the winter here. If a settlement had existed anywhere along the New England coast would this effort have been made? Again we noted where Rocroft put three of his seamen ashore, near the mouth of the Saco River, and that they wandered back, easterly, along the coast, and passed the winter alone at Monhegan, being taken off in the spring of 1619 by Captain Dermer, who was looking for Rocroft. These men were on the very place that had been made for years the most prominent landmark on the coast, and where, if anywhere, a settlement would naturally have been found. In coming from the westward they had passed Damariscove and Cape Newagen, and they were within sight of the smokes that would have arisen from the settlers' cabins at Pemaquid, had there been such there. But there was evidently nothing in the way of habitations of settlers along the shore, and, therefore, they betook themselves to the safest place in their knowledge, and where, at the opening of the ensuing spring, they would be most likely to be visited by the fishermen, who annually came across, and by that means get back to England. The southern branch of the corporation of 1606 obtained new patents, which were more definite in scope of territory and authority over it, at two different dates, 1609 and 1621. EAKLY SETTLEMENTS. 59 Believing such action a necessity at the north, the Plymouth Company, through Gorges, petitioned the crown for a new patent, which was granted November 3, 1620. This last com- pany consisted of forty noblemen and gentlemen, who, in their associate capacity, were termed : " The Council established at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for planting, ruling and governing New England in America." The name. New Eng- land, here appears for the first time in high official form. North Virginia had been discarded as a name, and Captain Smith's appellation of six years before adopted. "With this change the prefix was dropped from the Southern Colony, and it became simply New England and Virginia thence forward. The bounds of the new company were set in the patent between the 40th and 48th degrees of northern latitude, which on the coast line commences at the parallel of Philadelphia and extends along the mainland to the head of Bay Chaleur.^ East to west this patent extended "throughout the mainland from sea to sea." The powers delegated to this company were very full and complete in the matter of succession, filling of vacancies, appointing of governors and the administration of justice. It included also the exclusive trade and fishery interests ; the privilege of importation free of duty from England for seven years ; and the expulsion of intruders. The Council held exclusive powers in granting any of its territory as it saw fit. Its first grant was to John Mason, who subsequently became a patentee of the tract between the Naumkeag and the Merrimac Kivers, under the name of Mariana. This grant was dated March 2, 1621. Encroachments were already made on the New England territory, as defined in the patent, that portended conflict and bloodshed. The Dutch had settled, in 1614, within its southern bounds at Amsterdam (New York) and New Jersey ; while the French, tenacious of the claims of their country, through the efforts of De Monts and Champlain, had rebuilt Port Eoyal after its destruction by Argall in 1613, and were also settled at Mount Desert. Gorges was much concerned about this northern interference, and was instrumental in pro- curing from the Council a grant of a large part of the northern country, with the St. Croix Kiver as a western bound, to Sir 1. This did not include Newfoundland or Cape Breton. 60 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. William Alexander, Secretary of State from Scotland. The object was to enlist a Scotch interest, and thus crowd out the French. This grant was named New Scotland, but as the patent was in Latin it took the form it has ever held. Nova Scotia. Both Mason and Gorges were men of broad ideas, and about this time they had extensive plans. They obtained of the Council on August 10, 1622, a grant of all the land lying on the seacoast and extending sixty miles inland, between the Merrimac and Sagadahoc (Kennebec) Elvers, with the adjacent islands. This was named the Province of Laconia.^ On November 7, 1629, Mason alone was granted all of the above- mentioned tract that lay between the Merrimac and Piscataqua Elvers. This he named New Hampshire. This was by agree- ment with Gorges, who took from the Piscataqua to the Sagadahoc for his share, and this became the Province of Maine. The Mayflower, with her distinguished colony, landed at Plymouth Eock, December 16, 1620. They had with them a charter for territory, but it was from the Virginia Company, and the point reached was out of the jurisdiction of the Virgin- ians, therefore, on the return of the Mayflower, they made application to the Council of New England for a charter. This was granted June 1, 1621, in the name of John Pierce, "citizen and cloth worker of London,"^ and reached Plymouth in November, 1621, in the ship Fortune. This patent always had an element of mystery about it. It is not known that the colonists of New Plymouth ever accepted it. It applied to any place within the entire territory, providing it did not interfere with some other settlement that had been commenced. Pierce and the colony at Plymouth had a falling out regarding it, but compromised by the payment of £500 to Pierce, and he assigned his interests in it to them. It then disappeared, and was not found until 1741, then in the hands of his heirs, who 1. Will. Me. 1, 226. Sanborn's New HampshiTe, p. 3, reyerses the order in which the names Laconia and Maine were applied; stating that the name Maine was eriven in 1622 to the eailier grant. Williamson is clearly correct. 2. John Pierce never came to America, so Johnson states. Some have thought ho lived once at Pemaqaid, but this is probably an error. His son and descendants lived at Maiblehead, and their residence there, the similarity of family names, with other reasons, makes it strongly presumptive that he was the ancestor of the Pierce family so numerous in Boothbay and Southport. The four brothers, Joseph, Samuel, Sylvester and David Pierce, came to Cape Newagen from Marblehead before the Revolution. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 61 pressed their claims under it against the inhabitants of Bristol. Richard, son of John Pierce, came to Pemaquid about 1623, in company with John Brown, whose daughter he had married, and who became a prominent historical personage on account of his early purchase of lands at Pemaquid, of Samoset, in 1625.^ The beauties of Laconia ; its wooded highlands and fertile valleys ; its numerous harbors, swarming with fish of the largest size and finest quality ; its prospective mineral resources, were all flatteringly portrayed in England to induce settlers to the New England shores. All that these portrayals fell short of those of a western real estate agent, of modern times, was the extent to which the science of advertising and the typo- graphical art were inferior. It is clearly evident that a strong and effective effort was made at that time. Settlements were started in 1622 at Piscataqua, now Saco, and Cocheco, now Dover, N. H. From St. George to the Saco, at intervals along the shore, were the rude beginnings of fishermen's huts and trading stages.^ There is a probability that Monhegan had a slight lead over the other places, and that priority belongs to her. Hubbard tells us that no colony was ever settled in any of these places "till the year 1620 " ; and it was the eastern coast, not New Plymouth, of which he was writing. In the autumn of 1620 five of Gorges' men had an affray with the Indians near Cape Cod ; three were killed, and it is said " the other two barely escaped to Monhegan."^ Why should men at such a distance as that between Cape Cod and Monhegan, in a desperate plight as these survivors were in, try to escape there, unless the object was the safety that a settlement would afford. Prince calls Monhegan a plantation of Sir F. Gorges in Feb- ruary, 1621 ; and the April following mentions it as "a settle- ment of some beginnings." From 1622 to the first Indian war Monhegan was continuously settled with an English speaking population.* Indications strongly point to John Brown, who purchased 1. An extended explanation of these complications appears in Jolinson's Hist, ot Femaaoid, pp. 48-69. 2. A landing with conveniences for curing fish and collecting f uis of the natives, where the traffic of those days was carried on, was called a trading stage. 3. Prince's Annals, 99, 4. WiU. Me. 1, 226. iS HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. land of Samoset, July 15, 1625, together with his son-in-law, Richard Pierce, and some others less known, as being the first English settlers at Pemaquid. If this is so they probably reached that place in the earlier part of 1623, for very early that year the second ineffectual attempt of John Pierce, to send a colony across was made when his ship, the Paragon, returned to England after having reached the mid-Atlantic. They were probably at Pemaquid when Captain Levett was at Cape Newagen later that year. Robert Gorges, son of Sir Ferdinando, was appointed Governor of New England in 1623. Among his councilors was Capt. Christopher Levett, a man of advanced knowledge in nautical and mathematical matters. He had been Woodward of Somersetshire to James I. His judgment, therefore, was deemed of practical value in selecting localities for planting settlements, as well as judging the value of timber for the King's navy. An entry on the Council's records reads : " May 5, 1623. Christopher Levett to be a principal patentee, and to have a grant of 6,000 acres of land." Again : "June 20, 1623. The King judges well of the undertaking in Xew England, and more particularly of a design of Christopher Levett, one of the Council for settling that plantation, to build a city and call it York."^ Levett made his voyage that year, probably in the autumn. He reached the American shore at Isle of Shoals and found six fishing vessels there from England ; he then sailed to Panaway, which was David Thompson's plantation at the mouth of the Piscataqua. At that place he met Governor Gorges, with whom he was to be associated, and together they went along the coast to the eastward, examining it carefully for a suitable place for a settlement. His next stop was at Cape Porpoise and then at Saco, where he remained five days on account of violent storms. The next point eastward where he touched was Quack,- and from there he sailed to Sagadahoc. Of this place he writes : ^ " For Sagadahoc I need say nothing 1. Sainabury's State Papers, 1, 45. 2. Quack was the name for the locality where Portland and adjoinine towns now stand. It Is supposed the name was taken from the Indian Macguack, meaning red. The ledges there during winter thaws discolor the snow beneath, on account of mineral deposit which they contain. 8. Captain Levett published in book form a report of his trip in 1628. One copy only of the original edition is known to be owned in America. That belongs to the N. Y. Hist. Society, but the Me. Hist. Society had a reprint in 1847. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 63 of it, there hath heretofore been enough said by others, and I fear me too much. But the place is good ; there fished this year two ships." After leaving Sagadahoc Levett came to our own locality. He writes thus : " The next place I came to was Capmanwagan, a place where nine ships fished this year. But I like it not for a plantation, for I could see little good timber and less good ground ; there I staid four nights, in which time there came many savages with their wives and children, and some of good account amongst them, as Menawormet, a sagamore, Cogawesco, a sagamore from Casco and Quack, now called York, Somerset, a sagamore, one that hath been found very faithful to the English, and hath saved the lives of many of our nation, some from killing, others from starving. They intended to have gone presently, but hearing of my being there, they desired to see me, which I understood by one of the masters of the ships, who likewise told me that they had some store of beaver coats and skins, and was going to Pemaquid to truck with one Mr. Witheridge, a master of a ship of Bastable, and desired me to use means that they should not carry them out of the harbor. I wished them to bring all their truck to one Mr. Coke's stage, and I would do the best I could to put it away ; some of them did accordingly, and I then sent for the saga- mores, who came, and after some compliments they told me I must be their cousin, and that Captain Gorges was so (which you may imaginge I was not a little proud of, to be adopted cousin to so many great kings at one instant, but did willingly accept it) , and so passing away a little time very pleasantly, they desired to be gone, whereupon I told them I understood they had some coats and beaver skins which I desired to truck for ; but they were unwilling, and I seemed careless of it (as men must do if they require anything of them) . But at last Samoset swore there should be none carried out of the harbor, but his cousin, Levett, should have all ; and they began to offer me some by way of gift, but I would take none but one pair of sleeves of Cogawesco, but told them it was not the fashion of English captains always to be taking, but sometimes to take and give, and continually to truck was very good. But in fine we had all except one coat and two skins, which they reserved to pay an old debt with ; but they staying all that night had them stolen from them. In the morning the sagamores came to me with a grievous complaint. I used the best language I could to give them content, and went with them to some stages which they most suspected, and searched both cabins and chests, but found none. They seeing my willingness to find 64 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. the thief out, gave me thanks, and wished me to forbear, say- ing the rogues had carried them into the woods where I could not find them. " When they were ready to depart they asked me where I intended to settle my plantation ? I told them I had seen many places to the west, and intended to go farther to the east before I could resolve ; they said there was no good place, and I had heard that Pemaquid and Capmanwagan and Monhiggon were gi-anted to others." The next day Levett returned to Quack or York,^ as he tells us, "with the king, queen and prince, bow and arrows, dog and kettle in my boat, his noble attendants rowing by us in their canoes." There is a vast lesson on the early conditions to be learned from the foregoing copious extract. It tells us that Cape Newagen had been granted to others, and mentions particulars of the settlement there, hot only giving us the name of Coke, as the proprietor of one of the trading stages, perhaps the principal one, but mentions that there were several, together with cabins, where the stolen furs were searched for. Levett had previously spoken of snowstorms on the way down, so we may judge it was late in the season, but the settlement had accommodations so that he stopped four nights, and evidently stayed ashore. These conditions indicate more than a tempor- ary headquarters for an English fishing fleet. That it had been established long enough to become an important business point is confirmed by two facts, the one, that nine vessels fished from there, and the other, that the Indians, from several directions, were there to truck their furs at the stages. It also confirms the impression, which many have held, that the lower Sheepscot was a real center of Indian population. Further than this the evidence of Levett is added to that of Prince and Hubbard and others relating to the settlement on Monhegan ; and, being late as it was in the year. Brown and Pierce had had ample time to arrive and be planted at Pemaquid, and these were the parties which we have previously mentioned as, in all probability, commencing there that year. But what a scene is this first one we are permitted to look 1. Some contusion may occur in the matter of proper names. Leyett had designed to found a city and name It York, as we have seen. Quack was the place he selected, and this he named York. But the name did not stick. It was later transferred to ancient Agamenticus, the present town of York. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 65 upon in the eventual Boothbay territory. The Governor, Gorges, son of one of the closest advisers of James I, and the man of all others considered authority on New World subjects ; Captain Levett, his councilor, and one of the ablest English navigators ; Samoset, the first to grant a deed to the English in American history, and a figure that never has appeared in history in other than a noble light ; Cogawesco and his wife, king and queen of the Sokoki tribe ; with numer- ous fishermen, sailors, fur traders, adventurers, all together for four days at Cape Newagen in November or December of 1623. This little point bordering on Cape Harbor was then one of the few and one of the principal places in America ; but, alas for the ravages of time, it has since lost both distinctions. Damariscove, like Pemaquid, lacks in the definiteness of early references more than either Monhegan or Cape Newagen ; but that it was contemporary with them in settlement is certain from the many general references one may meet in consulting old authors and records. Thirty fishing vessels are said to have made that island their headquarters during the season of 1622, more than three times the number found about Cape Newagen the following year. There is reason to suppose that a seaman by name of Humphrey Damerill, who lived until about 1650, dying in Boston, owned the group of islands made up of Fisherman's Island, the Hypocrites, Damariscove proper, in early times sometimes divided and a part called Wood Island, White Island, Heron Island and Pumpkin Eock. As early as 1614, when Captain Smith mapped this coast these were called Damerill's Isles. ^ This idea of grouping them was followed at the time Williamson prepared his history,^ but they were then called the Damariscove Islands. The fish- ermen's headquarters were on the main island, they employing that harbor for the purpose. The harbor or cove first gave the name to the island proper, Damerill's Cove, and in that form the name is met with in the earliest records. In later years it underwent a change of both form and spelling. The Sheepscot settlement is more indefinite as to date than 1. Humphrey Damerill claimed to own part or all the main island at the time of his death. He probably had originally owned them all, hence the reason of group- ing them in old writings. 2. 1832. 66 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. any of the other places mentioned. It was certainly settled on Mason's Neck, just south of the present Sheepscot Village, as early as 1630, perhaps a few years before. The name of Sheepscot is one of the earliest recorded in our vicinity, and formerly applied to all settlements on the river of that name, as well as to the river itself. Therefore it included settlements on the western side of the present towns of Edgecomb, Booth- bay and Boothbay Harbor, as well as on Jeremisquam, now Westport. The name gradually narrowed in significance to its present neighborhood ; but the reader of old-time matter is often misled by supposing that some recorded happening, which belongs to this immediate locality, refers to the present Sheepscot. Sometime between 1630 and 1650 six families settled in the vicinity of the present village of Damariscotta. Among these were John Brown, Jr., son of John Brown of New Harbor, and Walter Phillips, the first recorder of deeds and documents in this region, and withal a prominent character in history. John Parker settled on the southern end of Reskeagan Island, now Georgetown, in 1629 ; about 1650 the north part was occupied by Thomas Webber, and together they sold to Clark and Lake some territory there. These latter parties held title from the natives to the island of Arrowsic, and in 1658 laid out a town on the southern part, with ten-acre lots and regular streets. In 1639 Edward Buterman and John Brown, who had been living at New Harbor, bought for " a hogshead of corn and thirty sound pumpkins,'" a tract of land known by the natives as Neguasset, now Woolwich, of Robin Hood. Brown however sold out in 1646 and moved back to Pemaquid. On October 27, 1661, Robert Gutch bought the site of the present city of Bath of Robin Hood. It is said on what is now known as Arrowsic and Georgetown there were, in 1670, thirty families, and twenty more on the west side of the river below the chops. ^ No other point near enough to be termed a neighboring colony, on the eastern coast, was settled as early as the above-mentioned places, except about the St. George River, which was probably contemporary. 1. Me. Hist. Coll. H, 193. CHAPTER V. Growth and Government of the First Settlement. THE first attempt at government in New England was in 1623, when Robert Gorges was appointed Governor over the Colonies. West, one of his ablest councilors, was commissioned admiral and instructed to restrain all unli- censed vessels from fishing in New England waters. He made a vain effort to carry out his orders, but was unable to do so on account of the stubborn spirit shown by the fishermen and gave up further effort. The English Ecclesiastical Court sent over an Episcopal minister with a commission to superintend the New England churches as fast as formed, but he met with such a reception as caused him to return to England disgusted. Charges against Gorges were preferred in the House of Com- mons, to which he answered, but not in a satisfactory manner. Disappointed and to some extent disheartened, he got an indi- vidual grant of 24,000 acres at Agamenticus, and, through the agency of his grandson and Colonel Norton, settled it in 1624. After this, while still continuing to hold first place in interest and authority regarding the New England settlements, his chief individual interests centered in the new town, which received the first English city charter of any place in America, on April 10, 1641, under the name of Gorgeana.^ The east- ern limits to Gorges' patent, known as the Pi'ovince of Maine, had been the Sagadahoc River ; and while the jurisdiction of the Plymouth Council extended to Bay Chaleur, but one spe- cific grant northerly and easterly of that of Gorges had been made, which was the one to Sir William Alexander. The country lying between the Sagadahoc and the St. Croix was really an open territory at this period. It was simply within the Plymouth Council's jurisdiction, but not specifically granted like many places to the westward. > 1. Grorgeaaa was organized in I6S2 into a town, the second in Maine, under the name of York. 88 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. At this time occurred the accession of Charles I to the English throne and his marriage to a French princess of the Catholic faith. This worked ill to all western interests, those of the New England Colonies in general, and to Gorges and Alexander in particular. By the marriage treaty, or, as one writer puts it, " a bonus to a marriage intrigue," Acadia was resigned to France. Gorges, however, went before the King and his Council when the French ambassador urged his coun- try's claims. Sir Ferdinando based the English claim entirely on the early voyages mentioned in a preceding chapter, par- ticularly on the great charter of 1606 and the Popham settle- ment immediately following, and claimed continuous occupa- tion thereafter, if not by actual settlement, by continuous effort toward that end, and annual use as headquarters, without interruption, by the English fishermen. The New Plymouth Colony was not used to base the claim upon in any sense ; simply those places along the coast of Maine, and particularly those points farthest east, like Pemaquid, Monhegan, Damaris- cove. Cape Newagen and Sagadahoc. His efforts availed a postponement of this concession to France, but, in 1626, France and England went to war, peace followed three years later, but another three years passed before a treaty, that of St. Germain, was drawn, when Charles I resigned to the French King " all the places occupied by British subjects in New France, Acadia, Canada — espe- cially the command of Port Koyal, Fort Quebec and Cape Breton." There had been up to this point ( 1632 ) at least twelve, probably more, grants made by the Plymouth Council along the shores of Maine ; but three only of these will be presented, and to do so of these is necessary on account of frequent future reference to them. 1. January 13, 1630. A grant to William Bradford and his associates of fifteen miles on each side of the Kennebec River, extending from its mouth to the Cobbossee River, at the present site of Gardiner. This was afterward transferred to Plymouth parties and became known as the Kennebec Purchase. 2. March 2, 1630. A grant to John Beauchamp and GROWTH AND GOVEKNMENT. 89 Thomas Leverett, of England, known as the Muscongus Patent or srant. It extended on the seaboard line from the Penobscot to the Muscongus River, and northerly to an unsurveyed line running east and west far enough, without interfering with any other grant, to be equivalent to a tract thirty miles square. It contained no powers of civil government. Eighty-nine years later it became known as the Waldo Patent, and eventu- ally came into the possession of Gen. Henry Knox. It con- tained about 1,000,000 acres, and when adjusted it was found that the north line came in the south line of the towns of Hampden, Newburgh and Dixmont. 3. February 29, 1631. The Pemaquid Patent was made to two merchants from Bristol, England, Robert Aldsworth and Gyles Elbridge. It extended on the coast line from the Muscongus to the Damariscotta River, far north enough to include 12,000 acres, exclusive of settlers' lots, which were to be one hundred acres each for all settlers transported hither by the proprietors within seven years, and who would reside three years thereafter. This grant was made on two consid- erations, for past public services and the present in building a a town. It included Monhegan, Damariscove group and other islands within three leagues of shore. At about this date (1630) it has been stated there were eighty-four families, besides fishermen, about Merrymeeting Bay, Sheepscot, Pemaquid and St. Georges. Damariscove and Monhegan were probably included in Pemaquid, and Cape Newagen in the Sheepscot settlement.^ Williamson presents a table of the total population in 1633 as viz. : ^ Piscataqua Settlement, 200 Agamenticus, ' 150 Saco and Black Point, 175 Casco, or Lygonia Patent, and Pejepscot, 75 Kennebec Patent, 100 Sagadahoc, Sheepscot, Pemaquid, St. Georges and the Islands, 500 Isle of Shoals and other places, 200 1,400 1. Gov. Sullivan's Hist, of Me., pp, 167 and 191. His inlonnation was from the Council files. 2. Will. Hist. Me. I, 267, 70 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. At this point in our narrative it may be well to draw attention to the grant made Endicott and his associates, which culminated in March, 1629, in the grant of a royal charter, creating a corporation destined to be the most far-reaching and powerful yet formed in the New World, and known as the " Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- land." Their territorial limits were from three miles north of the Merrimac to three miles south of the Charles Eiver, and westerly to the Pacific Ocean. It may be well to note that but a few years had passed since a northwest passage to Asia had been sought by navigators of all nations crossing the Atlantic, and even now, in these grants on the Atlantic seaboard of New England, which took their width westward to the Pacific, that coast was not thought to be much west from Hudson's River. The affairs of this corporation were to be managed by a gov- ernor, deputy governor, and a council of eighteen assistants, to be elected annually by the company. Very full powers of government were obtained from the crown, the most important of all beinof that the government need not reside in England. Very soon after this grant was completed six ships fitted out for Massachusetts Bay with 300 men, 80 women and 26 chil- dren, bringing also 140 head of cattle, 40 goats, with arms, ammunition and tools. To return to the treaty of St. Germain : by the artful drafting of the third article, there was indefiniteness enough in the western limits of the territory ceded to France to produce on our eastern frontier a continual menace. iM. de Razilla was sent by Franco to take command of the country, which he did. The following year a French vessel, early in June, put into Penobscot River, claiming to be in distress. They aiTived at the Penobscot trading-house, which the New Plymouth Colony had established there. In an unguarded moment they fell upon the guard, rifled the place of all its valuables, amounting to about £500, and made their escape. In 1634 the Massachu- setts Bay colonists established a trading-house at Machias. Almost immediately it was attacked by La Tour and two of the defendants killed and the others made prisoners, the stock of furs made prize of, and a return made to Port Royal. Mr. Allerton, of New Plymouth, was sent in a vessel to claim and GROWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 71 bring home the prisoners. Upon his arrival at Port Royal he asked La Tour if he had any authority for his course, when that party promptly replied : " I have taken them as lawful prize ; — my authority is from the King of France, who claims the coast from Cape Sable to Cape Cod ; I wish the English to understand, if they trade to the eastward of Pemaquid, I shall seize them ; my sword is all the commission I shall show ; when I want help I will produce my authority. Take your men and begone." The first fort at Pemaquid was built in 1630 or 1631, more as a protection against renegades and pirates, then infesting the coast, than against the Indians, who at that time seemed well disposed toward the settlers. In 1634 this fort, which was simply a stockade and located about where the others have been, was captured by the pirate. Dixy Bull, who carried on for a time a reign of terror along the New England coast, particu- larly in the vicinity about Pemaquid. Governor Winthrop sent four vessels into Pemaquid waters to try and capture Bull, but he eluded them. He operated some on the Kennebec River, but was later captured, taken to England, and said to have been executed.^ At about that date all the bread eaten by the settlers along the Maine shores was brought from England as meal, or from Virginia as grain. If as grain, it was sent to Boston for grinding, as a windmill, which had been first erected at New- town, Mass., was removed to Copp's Hill, Boston, in August, 1632. No water mill was erected in Massachusetts until 1633, then it was at Roxbury.^ It is thought that very soon after this a mill was built at Pemaquid, for many years ago two small millstones were found at the head of New Harbor, made of granite, and could only be accounted for in this way.^ The great storm of 1635 was, probably, the most severe ever experienced on our coast. It occurred on August 15th and was attended with peculiar circumstances. It was a north- easter and blew with unabated fury for some six hours. The tide rose to about twenty feet and high water was at the proper time ; it then partially ebbed, when it was succeeded by a 1. Winthrop 1, 115. 2. Belknap's Hist. N. H. 1, 26 ; Drake's Hist. Boston, 141-44. Holmes Annals. 3. Johnson's Pemagiuid, p. 67. 72 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. tidal wave higher than before, doing great injury everywhere. Crops and the forests suffered severely from the gale. At this time took place the first wreck of consequence in New England history. The Angel Gabriel, 240 tons and carrying sixteen guns, and the James, 220 tons, sailed from Milford Haven for New England. The Mather family, so prominent in our early history, was on the James. They parted company on the voyage, and at the date of this storm the James was at Isle of Shoals, while the Gabriel was at Pemaquid. A part of the crew and passengers of the Gabriel were lost, while the live stock and cargo were a total loss. The James lost all her anchors and put to sea again, but the next day, in a battered condition, reached Boston Harbor. That year (1635) the Plymouth Council's charter was revoked. Clamor on the part of the public had been from the first against it, because it was suspicioned that it carried with it a monopoly of trade. This would have been true, perhaps, had the outlay in settling been less, and had the settlement been made up of a more stable class of people ; but, as it was, many of the settlers were unstable and indolent, shifting from place to place, and hardly able to sustain themselves, say noth- ing of being able to be fed upon. In fact, many were hired to come and assisted to stay in the new country. But facts were of no avail. The annulment of the charter was called for to appease public clamor and petty jealousies. The Council decided as a preliminary step to divide the whole patent into twelve grand divisions, and, in the presence of His Majesty, draw lots for them, trusting that these individual grants might be confirmed after the charter was annulled. The drawins occurred February 3d, and on April 1st they informed the King that they were ready for action. Their last meeting was the twenty-fifth of that month. The King then appointed Gorges Governor General over New England. During the summer of 1635 Razilla sent D'Aulney to Biguyduce (Castinc) to rifle the trading-house and take pos- session of the country as far south as the fortieth degree of latitude. The New Plymouth Colony sent Captain Girling with a large vessel to retake their Penobscot property, but though he expended his ammunition he was unable to accom- Store— Allen Lewis Fish House — Allen Lewis Allen Lewis Fish House— J. C. Auld Joseph C. Auld Schoolhouse Ruf us Campbell James Campbell Sail Loft — Arber Marson Widow Linekin John Auld Charles Sargent Blacksmith Shop Jason Fuller Daniel W. Sawyer William Harris Harris Store Paul Harris SewaU S. Wylie Samuel Wylie John Andrews John Adams Cemetery Isaac C. Sherman Elbridge G. Love Gun House on Old Muster Field William Montgomery Store— W. Montgomery Willard Holton Widow Greenwood Mrs. Sarah A. Emerson Benjamin Blair Post Office "id Cong. Church Dr. Alden Blossom Dr. Jackson Jacob Orne Cong. Parsonage Nathaniel Greenleaf Marshal Smith Leonard McCobb Schoolhouse Lydia P. Beath Stephen Sargent Hodgkin's Blacksmith Shop Brick House Store — Leonard McCobb Weymouth House David Newbegin BooTHBAY Harbor in 1856. 50 George Newbegin 51 Parker Wilson 52 Store— P. Wilson 53 Samuel Alley 54 Store— W. H. & C. E. Fisher 55 Shoe Shop— P. Wilson Isaac W. Reed Custom House 58 Boothbay House Store — D. Newbegin Andrew McFarland 61 Nathaniel C. McFarland GBOWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 73 plish his object, and he returned home. D'Aulney and La Tour both informed the Massachusetts authorities that, without further orders, they would in the future claim no lands west of Pemaquid. Governor Gorges on March 28, 1636, opened court at Saco. Civil and criminal cases were tried, and certain orders, of the nature of a legislative statute, passed. The jurisdiction extended from the Piscataqua to the Sagadahoc. This is the first instance of organized government in the Prov- ince of Maine, though three years earlier Thomas Elbridge, son of the proprietor, tried some cases at the Pemaquid fort. On April 3, 1639, Sir Ferdinando Gorges obtained from King Charles a provincial charter, the limits of which in ter- ritory were from the mouth of the Piscataqua Kiver, up that river and Salmon Falls River northwestward 120 miles ; from Piscataqua Harbor northeastward along the seacoast to Saga- dahoc, thence through that river and the Kennebec northwest- ward 120 miles, and thence overland to the northerly end of the first-mentioned line. This was to be called the Province or County of Maine. It possessed large powers and privileges and provided carefully in matters of government. It seems to have been the custom at that time, when a scheme of govern- ment had become evolved in the mind of some one with suffi- cient influence, to make a new grant regardless of previous ones. At this time patents and grants were everywhere conflicting with others. This one just recited as made to Gorges included the whole of the Lygonia Patent of a few years earlier. The grant to Massachusetts Bay overlapped that of Mason, while the last one to Sir William Alexander included the whole of that of Muscongus. Thus one might pursue this matter at length. Historians have been confused and contradicted each other in the matter of the Laconia Grant, and some have claimed, extensive as it was, that it could not be determined upon by the grantees or their agents, who vainly searched for it three years, and returned the report: " Non est inventa\Provincia."^ About 1641 there seems to have been a strong return tide to England among the colonists. It is said that beginning with that date, for the ensuing twenty years, there were as 1. Chamberlain's, " Maine : her Place in History," p, 44. 6 14 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAr, many lost to the colonies by return as there were gained by recruits.' The cause for this was largely due to the threatened civil war in England, which broke out in 1642, culminating in the execution of King Charles I, in 1649. This affected prices of all commodities. Cows that sold in 1640 for £20 could be bought for one-fourth that amount in the next two years, and many other things in like proportion. A peculiar situation seems to have been almost continuous in our immediate locality. None of Gorges patents or grants had extended east of the Kennebec River. The Kennebec grant itself had taken fifteen miles each side of that river, but this hardly reached the Damariscotta, while the Pemaquid grant came only to that river as a western bound. Even though the Kennebec grant in range might include the territory on the Sheepscot, and between the Sheepscot and the Damaris- cotta, this particular territory always seemed to be an appendage to Pemaquid — adopted on account of its waif-like condition. Pemaquid had become the hub of the region about it, and while there seems to have been as many as formerly at Cape New- agen and Damariscove, and not far from this time a settlement had been commenced at Corbin's Sound (Ocean Point) and Hippocras (Fisherman's Island), still Monhegan, in 1635, was depopulated. The Pemaquid proprietors had their agent, Abraham Shurte, remove the inhabitants to the mainland. Capt. Sylvanus Davis, covering the period about 1640, in a statement made in 1701, said there were at "Hippocras Island, two families ; Damariscove, fifteen families ; Cape Newagen, many families and ten boats ; between Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, ten families."^ For the first half century after settlement Pemaquid and the neighboring territory were without civil government. Abraham Shurte, who for many years acted as proprietors' agent, performed some magisterial duties, and, to a less extent, Thomas Elbridge did the same. The fort served as court- house for these slight attempts at administering justice. Full governmental powers were not contained in their charter and patent as had been delegated to Massachusetts Bay, to Mason in New Hampshire or to Gorges in the Province of Maine. 1. Neal's New England 1, 218 ; Holmes Annals, 1640. 2. Council Files, State House, Boston. GROWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 75 By general acceptance some powers, however, were thought to belong to and devolve upon the proprietors as owners.^ These conditions greatly retarded the growth of these parts. Under the conditions Pemaquid was the frontier of New England. The French claimed to that place and occupied the country to the Penobscot. By the artful wording of the third article of the treaty of St. Germain, the cession of Acadia, always of indefinite limits, had been inserted, instead of Nova Scotia, which was well defined. Therefore the particular region in which we now reside was continually menaced by the French, and later was to feel the earliest and severest effect from the aroused natives, urged on and assisted by the French. A tendency to consolidate the English Colonies for offen- sive, defensive and prudential reasons commenced in 1643. The menace of the French at the north and east, that of the Dutch to the south and west, and that of the Indians all about, made this necessary. The first to act were the Colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven, on May 19th. The Province of Maine could not be admitted to this confederacy for ecclesiastical reasons. Its rulers were of Episcopal tenets, and its territory had afforded an asylum to excommunicants from the other Colonies. Serious difficulties broke out in Gorges' Province at about this time, and the two parties at issue called in commissioners from Massachusetts to arbitrate. At about the same time of this internal trouble in his Province, Gorges was thrown into prison in England by the Parliamentary forces, after the cap- ture of Bristol, at the end of a long siege. He had always been a staunch adherent of the King. At length, in his sev- enty-fourth year, when his perplexities seemed thick on every hand, his master's cause upon the wane, his interests abroad in a state of trouble and turmoil, his estates at home plundered and confiscated by the Parliamentary army, death came as a sweet relief to Sir Ferdinando Gorges. He was a man of great energy and tenacity of purpose, but all have united in ascribing to him an intensely selfish character. He probably brought more censure upon himself by assailing the Massachu- setts charter, which stood in the way of his favorite scheme, 1. Johnson's Pemaquid, p. 96. 76 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. to divide New England into twelve provinces of a royal char- acter, with himself the Governor General, than in any other act of his life. But, regardless of this, his memory is entitled to much reverence from the population of Maine, where he bent his principal energies, spent his money, and devoted the best years of his life. In 1651 Massachusetts Bay laid claim to the Province of Maine and New Hampshire, grounding its claim on this item in its charter, which embraced all lands " within the space of three English miles to the northward of the river Merrimac, and to the northward of any and every part thereof." This claim was both new and ingenious. Under it, however, a sur- vey was made with the result that a line from three miles north of the head of Merrimac Eiver, in latitude 43° 43' 12", touched the coast at " Clapboard Island, about three miles eastward of the Casco Peninsula." ^ Jurisdiction over New Hampshire, and so much of Maine as above mentioned, on the grounds of their colonial charter, was now proclaimed, and court was convened at Kittery, November 15, 1652, and five days later forty-one citizens of Kittery signed submission to this concession, fol- lowed almost immediately by Agamenticus. Kittery, which had been incorporated in 1647, was recognized as a town by the new government, and Agamenticus was constituted one at once, under the name of York. The County of Yorkshire was organized and a county court established. In 1652 the English captured Acadia and took possession of that entire country and so westward to the Penobscot, but this held only until 1668, when, by the treaty of Breda, it was receded to France. During these years it became a common matter to purchase by deed of the Indians at all points on these grants, particularly on the Kennebec Patent. Several deeds are recorded in this locality at about that time, but none within the limits of what became Boothbay. The ^Massachusetts colonists had long had trading-houses along the Kennebec, extending as far up as Teconnet ( Winslow) . They were not in a flourishing condition. Like the region east of the Kennebec they were without government. They, like us, had been the frontier barrier against many troubles and obstacles, which had beset 1. Will. Hist. Me. 1, 342. GROWTH AND GOVEKNMENT. 77 them and prevented growth, while the Massachusetts Colony was prospering and increasing in population. England, the parent country, was too far away to enforce rule, and the local attempts at it were but little more than a farce. The Duke of York, in 1663, made a purchase of the Earl of Stirling of his American possessions, and the following year Charles II, then on the English throne, and brother to the Duke, gave him a royal charter of all the territory westward from Nova Scotia to the Kennebec, including Pemaquid and the islands. This charter extended northward to the St. Lawrence.^ In due time, to confirm the treaty of Breda, he easily let go that part of his grant east of the Penobscot. He then sent a commission of four to America to inquire into the state of his dukedom, with almost absolute powers to adjust disputes and settle civil and criminal matters by holding court. The commissioners first come to Boston, then proceeded east to York, where they held court June 23, 1665. They issued a proclamation annulling the authority of both the Gorges Government and that of its successor, Massachusetts Bay. They journeyed eastward, annulling, as they termed it, the municipal government of each settlement they came to. They reached Sheepscot September 5th, and " opened court " at the house of John Mason, calling upon the inhabitants of this region to come forward and swear allegiance to their royal master, the King of England. Twenty-nine persons took the oath, but one, however, that of George Buckland, who lived at Corbin's Sound, which I recognize from our vicinity. Damariscove and Cape Newagen, as also Monhegan, were unrepresented. Their action was to erect the Sagadahoc territory into a county called Cornwall. They changed the name of Sheepscot to New Dartmouth. Walter Phillips, of Damariscotta, was appointed clerk and recorder, Nicholas Raynall, of Sagadahoc, Thomas Gardiner, of Pemaquid, and William Dyer, of Dartmouth, justices of the peace, and Richard Lemons (no residence given), constable. These scions of royalty did their work, then went home to England and reported. They were well received and kindly 1. Pemaquid Papers on file at Albany, N. Y. 7S HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. treated, and made more welcome in our "eastern parts" than any other place they visited, which was probably due to the fact that this locality had no government and gladly welcomed some form of law. It is evident that there were about three hundred families in this territory when they visited it, but they reported : "The places beyond Sagadahoc were given to His Eoyal Highness by His Ma*ie, yet as Col. Nichalls desired, who could not attend to go himself, we have appointed some to govern them for the present, as there was great need. Upon 3 rivers east of the Kennebec, the Shipscot, Damariscotta and Pema- quid, there are three plantations ; the greater hath not more than 20 houses, and they are inhabited by the worst of men. They have had hitherto noe government, and are made up of such as to avoid paying their debts and being punished have fled hither ; for the most part they are fishermen, and share in their wives as they do in their boats." ^ By 1668 all they established had died out. The commission was made up of impractical men, knowing nothing of the wants of the colonists, in either these parts or elsewhere. There is little doubt but that the general condition of this first settle- ment was, at the date of these transactions, wretched in the extreme. Without school or church privileges, no govern- ment, no market, no improvement, fifty years of this kind of life had told upon these people, who were simply the worn-out result of vanished schemes. Still they knew there was a hope for something better in government. They, in accordance with this impulse, made the following humble request : "To the Honoured Governour, Deputy Governour, Magis- trates & Deputies Assembled in the General Court now sitting in Boston this 18th day of May, 1(!72. "The petition of * * * * several of the inhabitants of the Eastern parts of New England viz ' Kennebec, Cape Bona- wagon, Damares Cove, Shipscoate, Pemaquid it IMonhegan. — " Humbly sheweth that whereas the Providence of God hath stated our habitations into those parts wherein sometimes past we have had some kind of Government Settled amonst us ; but for these Several years have not had any at all which is greatly to our Prejudice & damage having no way to Right ourselves upon any account whatsoever & have little hopes of obtaining any to be help full to us for the good of our Soles unless 1. Doo. Cal. Hist. N. Y. HI, 101. GROWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 79 we have Government settled amonst us ; The Humble Eequest therefore of your Petitioners is that you will please so farr to favor us as to take us under your Government and protection that we may all have the benefit of all those Laws settled among yourselves granted unto us which if this Honourable Court shall accept of & granted to us we have desired our loving friend Mr. Kichard Callacott to advise with this honoured Court or committee w^^ they shall appoint for that purpose, & so to act in our behalf what shall be judged meet or convenient for us whereby your Petitioners shall be ever engaged to pray &c." This petition had the .signatures of twenty-five residents of "Kennebeck," sixteen of "Cape Bonawagen," eleven each of " Shipscoate " and "Pemaquid," fifteen of "Damaris Cove," and eighteen of " Monhegan." Those falling within the Boothbay limits follow : Cafe Bonawagon. Damaris Cove. Robert Gamon, Richard Honywell, John Pride, Jon» Allen, Edw'i Barton, Roger Seaward, Henry Walderne, Jn° Wrieford, Steph. Woolfe, Elias Trick, Mathew Dyer, Jn" Bed well, Richd Seeth, Rob* Parker, Nicholas Bond, Emanuel Whitehouce, Benj* Barton, Leonard Alber, Jn° Anthers, William Lee, Aron Beard, Sym" Lewsombe, Thos Salton, Nich" Oyand, W™ Dane, Rich^ Friend, Tho^ Haalf, Th^ Alger, GaW Skiner, Edm* Robins. Rob' Baker. The petition was passed upon favorably by the deputies, four days after its date, but not consented to by the magistrates, consisting of the Governor and Assistants ;i but was taken up by the General Court again in October, 1673, resulting favor- ably the following May. Massachusetts certainly, by the light of these records, worked no usurpation in extending her gov- ernment over the Sagadahoc territory, even though she be open to the charge of making a very ingenious interpretation of her Merrimac bounds, to get possession of Western Maine. Here 1. Me. Hist. Coll. V, 240. 80 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. she came only upon appeal. Four commissioners were appointed to repair to the places of the petitioners, or some one of them to the eastward, and there keep a court, in the form of a county court, to give power to constables, perform marriages, punish criminal offenses, organize the militia and have civil jurisdiction. ^ The board of commissioners consisted of Major Thomas Clark, Mr. Humphrey Davy, Mr. Richard Collicutt, Lieut. Thomas Gardiner. At the May term of the General Court at Boston an order declared the name of the new county to be Devon, and Lieut. Thomas Gardiner was appointed Treasurer of the county. The following orders were issued : "Richard Olliver, of Monheghen, is nominated and ap- pointed to be, recorder and clerke of the courts of this county, who took the oath accordingly." " Thomas Humphries, cunstable at Saggerdehock and Ken- nebec ; Robert Gammon, of Capenawaghen, William Walters of Dameralla cove John Dolling of Monheghen, took theire oaths as cunstables allsoe Th° Cox of Pemmaquid : took his oath allsoe." "The Grandjurimen tooke their oathes allsoe, according to law for their severall places as followeth, — "Robbert Edmunds, Ambrosse Hanewell, John Verrine of Saggerdehoke. " John Wriford, Elias trick, John Pride of Dammeralls cove. "George Bickford : Reynold Kelley of Monheghen. "John Cole of Pemaquid." " The Cunstables & Grand Jury men aboves"! tooke the oath of fidelity (only John Pride tooke his oath at Salem) as alsoe these psons following present Inhabitants. " Gapt. Edmund Pattishall, Ichabod Wisswall, Richard Oliver, William Bickford, Edward Barton, Richard Hill, Henry Curtis,^ Francis Brown, Richard Warren, henry Stoakes, W" Denbo, Edward Dorr, Jno Dare, George Burnett, Nico Osbourne, Thos Parker, David Oliver, Emanuel Witchalls, Jno Cock, Tho Phillips, 1. Johnson's Pemaquid, p. Ill ; Rec. Mass. V, pp. 6-17 ; Will. Hist. Me. I, 443. 2. Henry Curtis is the party who bought the west side of Boothbay In 1666 of Menawormet. Italics indicate those who lived at either Cape Newagen, Damariscove oi Corbin's Sound. GROWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 81 Tho Helman, Jno Parker, Edward Cole, Tho Parnell, Gregory Lansberry, Tho Coxe Jun^, Shadrick Cox, Rich^ Cox, Nic° Carary, Nic° Denning, Jno Wildgoose, Aaron Beard, Abra Clark, Henry Curtis Jun'', Richard Cox, Robert Cawley, Rich"^ Brad way, Wm Edwards, W™ Waters, Jno Bessell, Rich^ Glass, Hen. Palmer, Phillip Brye, Jn° Stover, Rob* Edmunds, Tho Haels, Nic° Vallack, William Trout, Geo Buchnell, Th" Cox." "The Constables of each place in this County were ordered to call the inhabitants togth'^ and to Read or cause to be read the Laws of this Jurisdiction unto y™ in Convenient time." " These psons ffoUowing are Nominated and approved as Sargeants & Corporalls to Exercise Millitary Discipline to ye Inhabitants in the severall places according to law ffor Saga- dehoc and Kennebec Tho : Humphrys Sargeant and James Middleton Corporall." "ffor Damarells Cove and Hippocrass, Jn° Bessell Sargeant & William Trout Corporall. ffor Monheghen John Dolling Sargeant & he to choose his Corporall there." "ffor Cape bone Waggon Robt Gamon Sargeant & to choose his Corporall there." "These persons ffoUowing are chosen to be Clarkes of the Writs in severall places viz* " In Sagadehock & Kennebeck Tho : Humphryes "In Monheghan Richard Oliver " In Damerells Cove William Walters "In Capebone waggon Robbert Gamon." "The persons following are appointed & have liberty to keepe houses of publique intertaynemente & are to be provided with permits &c accordingly and to retayle beere wyne & liquors in ye Severall places for the yeere Ensueing according to Law 82 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. " ff or Monheghen Jii° Dolling " ff or Saggadehock & Kennebeck "William Cock " ff or Damarells Cove John Wrif ord " ffor Capebonewagon Edward Barton "ffor Pemequid Jn°, Cole alsoe Lief Gardiner to his fish- ermen & Jn° Earthy "ffor Cor bin Sound George Bucknell." " It is Ordered That warrants be issued out for y« levying of twenty pounds uppon the Inhabitants of this county for Court charges, Law bookes, Constables Staves &c viz* upon Saggadehock & Kennebec four pounds upon Monheghen five pounds x^ upon Cape bone Waggon three pounds x^ uppon Dammerell's Cove & hippocras five pounds, and on Pemyquid 40^ and that the Commission™ where any is with the grand Jury men and constable in each place shall equally Levy the same on y^ psons & estates of y^ Severall inhabitants to be col- lected by ye Constables & delivered to Lief ten* Tho : Gardiner treasurer of the County. "Humphry Davie p Order." ^ Of the above twenty pounds levied on the entire county it ■will be noted that Damariscove and Hippocras paid exactly one-fourth of the amount, the Kennebec settlement paid less than these islands, while Cape Newagen ranked above Pema- quid. Monhegan alone was as much as Damariscove. This, doubtless, is an accurate key to estimating the proportion of population at that period. There are, however, several other indications corroborative of the above assessment. This does away with an impression, long believed by some to be errone- ous, that Pemaquid, besides being the central point and having the fort, the court, and otherwise being the point of chief importance east of the Kennebec, also held the greater part of the population and taxable property. It is plainly evident that such an idea is incorrect. When the locality petitioned Massachusetts to extend her government over them the num- ber of petitioners was less in Pemaquid and Sheepscot than in any of the other places, and thorc are several other indications in the same line. Commissioners, in a sense corresponding to the present trial justice, were appointed to hear cases with jurisdiction not exceeding £10. This was to save the expense and effort of 1. The matter above produced is largely from Me. His. Col., Doc. Ser. IV, 344-48; Also do. First Ser. V, 239-243 ; Johnson's Pemaquid, pp. 110-112. GROWTH AND GOVERNMENT. 83 holding court in this then distant region. The court was to convene annually, but there is no record of any session in 1675, and while a record exists for convening a court at Pem- aquid on the "third second day of July," which meant the third Monday, no record of such a session has been found. There was a well-grounded reason for these omissions, as we shall see in the following chapter. CHAPTER VI. The Indian Wars. IN JUNE, 1675, there were thirteen settlements, or planta- tions, in Maine, as follows: 1, Kittery, including the settlements about the mouth of the Piscataqua ; 2, York ; 3, Wqlls ; 4, Cape Porpoise; 5, Saco, on both sides of the river; 6, Scarborough; 7, Falmouth, including the peninsula, Portland, Cape Elizabeth and Westbrook ; 8, Pejepscot, including the lower Androscoggin settlements and Maquoit on Casco Bay ; 9 , the plantations of Kennebec and Sagadahoc, including Cushnoc and Arrowsic ; 10, Sheepscot and Cape Newagen ; 11, Damariscotta Eiver, or New Dartmouth, since New Castle, the Damariscove group of islands and Corbin's Sound; 12, Pemaquid ; 13, Monhegan, George's Islands and the opposite settlements on the mainland. The other settle- ments were east of the Penobscot, at Biguyduce (Castine), Eggemoggin Reach (Sedgwick), Mount Desert, Machias and Schoodic, composed entirely of French, probably not exceed- ing seventy-five persons.^ To be more minute in relation to our immediate settlements, it may be said that there were at this time four settlements in the territory that became Boothbay nearly a century later. The one at Damariscove was the largest, being about one-fourth of Cornwall County, as we have seen by the assessment. Cape Newagen, by this assessment, shows to have been about three- fifths that of Damariscove. There were a few families at Cor- bin's Sound, probably two on Hippocras, and Henry Curtis somewhere on the west side, bordering on the Sheepscot. He also- had a son, Henry, Junior, appearing on various docu- ments. A small settlement, called Widgin's, or Widgor's, was 1. The general story of the ladian Wars in more or less detail, the particular facts presented varying with each author according to the field covered by him, appears in several Maine publications. To obtain about all the information to be had upon the subject the following references may be cited: Will. Hist. Me., Vol. I; Eaton's Annals of Warren ; Johnson's Pemaquid ; VFheeler's Hist, of Brunswick, Topsham and Harps- well, and the Maine Hist. Society's Collection. THE INDIAN WARS. 8fi located somewhere on the shore, probably either Spruce Point or McKown's Point, presumably the former. The settler for whom this place was named was, probably, James Widgor. The application of the Sagadahoc petitioners, which has appeared in the preceding chapter, was undoubtedly brought about by an existing fear of French domination, on one hand, and an impression, on the other, that the government of James' ducal province of Cornwall, which was only an appendage of his New York grant, would amount to nothing in the matter of either system or strength. These people, as well as those of the Province of Maine, and both the Massachusetts and Plymouth Colonies, were all composed of nearly pure-bred English stock. One old writer says that the New England coast at the close of the seventeenth century was peopled with as pure-bred English stock as England herself. Therefore, while a loose and irregular life might be the one led in the main, where neither clergy nor legal restraints were in evidence, still there was an underlying tendency toward Protestantism and an equally deep-seated prejudice against Komanism. Hence the fear of French encroachments and a desire to rush under the wing of Massachusetts, which was steadily growing strong and populous. At the breaking out of King Philip's War, June 24, 1675, at Swanzea, Massachusetts, the English population of Maine and Sagadahoc exceeded 6,000, while the native population, both Abenaques and Etechemins, was from 15,000 to 18,000. The reason for the outbreak at this particular time is only explainable in a general way. It was the breaking out of a long smouldering fire, the culmination of troubles long fer- mented, and in Philip the leader came, as is usually the case, fitted in all ways to head the movement. The actual colonists, realizing the dangers constantly about them, had been careful and discreet, in the main, in their intercourse with the natives. Some avaricious ones engaged in trade had overshot the mark in driving hard bargains ; but the greatest irritant was the course pursued by vessels' crews, fishing and otherwise engaged, which were only occasionally on the coast. By some of these the Indians were first made drunk, or by some deceit enticed aboard, then kidnapped and sold into slavery, at either the 86 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. West Indies or in Spain. Another serious provocation was the treatment of the native women. Further than this, the Indians looked on with suspicion to the clearing of land by axe and fire, the erection of fortifications and the advance of civilization generally. Within twenty days of the attack on Swanzea the Indians of Maine and Sagadahoc, at places 250 miles distant, were growing turbulent. It is evident that the Maine Indians were reinforced from the westward, for Narragansetts were captured in Maine during the war. The war in Massachusetts lasted until August 12, 1676, when it was broken by the death of Philip. He was shot at his old home, Mount Hope, to which he had just returned, by a friendly Indian fighting in the English ranks under Captain Church. Two bullets brought him to the earth, where he fell upon his face in some mud and water he was running through to elude his pursuers. His hands were cut off and carried in triumph to Boston as a trophy to the Bay colonists ; while his head was severed and raised upon a pole and borne to Plymouth for that Colony to view, the day being devoted to a public thanksgiving. The leading men under Philip, who surrendered, for the most part fared badly. Watascompanun and Captain Tom were hung in Boston. Matoonas was sentenced to hang, but his friends, looking upon hanging as an ignoble death for a chief, begged the privilege to shoot him themselves, which was accorded. Three leading Nipmucks were later hung in Boston, and a Narragansett chief shot in Rhode Island. Tispaquin and Anna- won, two of Philip's principal men, were taken to Plymouth and there beheaded. Four out of seven identified as being parties who set fire to Plymouth were hung. Of 200 prisoners captured by Major Waldron, at Dover, and sent to Boston for trial, seven ringleaders were hung and the remainder sold into slavery at Bermuda ; among them was Philip's son. Massa- chusetts lost during the war 600 men, 1,200 houses, 8,000 cattle, and the cost otherwise was £150,000. The Indians lost 3,000 lives. But while Massachusetts cleared herself in about fourteen months the Indian spirit was unsubdued. Marauding parties came into Maine, where the population was less and where- they THE INDIAN WARS. 87 could obtain arms and ammunition from the French. Soon after the death of Philip the war was waged in Maine and Sagadahoc fiercer than ever. It lasted until the treaty of peace at Casco, April 12, 1678. The war in Maine broke out by an attack on Thomas Pur- chas, a trader, living about six miles below where Brunswick now stands, on September 5, 1675. Settlers in Falmouth were attacked the 12th, where a family, Wakefield by name, was murdered, some being burned with their house and the rest horribly tortured and their remains mutilated. Soon after this a battle at New Meadows Eiver occurred, where two Indians were shot ; but the latter came off victorious, putting to flight some twenty-five whites and capturing two boat loads of corn. Scarborough was burned on the 20th. Attacks on Saco and Wells immediately followed. The Sagadahoc territory was the last to be attacked, though the weakest places existed there. This was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Shurte, then at the age of eighty-three or more, who, by pacific policies, held off the impending catastrophe. That portion of the State now composing York County was harassed in nearly every neighborhood repeatedly. No one knew when it was safe to move in any direction, for behind any bunch of bushes or cliff of ledge the murderous savage might be lurking in his war paint. The Indians were at a great advantage. They had no houses or homes to lose. What would undo the white settler would not affect them in the least. The forest, lake or stream was equally their home. They could endure any privation and travel across country at surprising speed, appearing in a locality one day and striking an unex- pected blow many miles from there the next. Every white habitation was known to them and none were overlooked in this war of destruction. The day following Philip's fall Woolwich was destroyed and Arrowsic burned. The attack at Woolwich was made at Stinson's Point, upon the house of Richard Hammond, a trader. A young girl escaped and, following footpaths, reached the neighborhood of Sheepscot Farms, about twelve miles distant, and alarmed the inhabitants. She told the settlers as she was fleeing from the house, unseen by the savages, she heard loud 88 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. blows within. This was true, for Hammond, Samuel Smith and Joshua Grant were killed, and sixteen others taken cap- tives. After finishing their depredations at Woolwich they divided themselves into two bands ; one ascended the Kennebec to where Francis Card lived and took captives him and his family, while the others went in their canoes by night to Arrowsic. They made a silent landing on the southeasterly part of that island, near where the settlement and fort were situated. A few crawled along beneath the walls of the garri- son and the others ambushed behind a large cliff, all, however, being able to note the movements of the sentinel. He retired from his post that night earlier than usual and was not relieved. Unknown to him, he was followed through the gate inside the fortress. All rushed in with a wild war whoop, closing the portholes and engaging in a hand-to-hand conflict as fast as the surprised inmates appeared. A bloody fight ensued, sev- eral falling on each side, but the odds were too great and the remnant of the English fled through a back exit toward the shore. Just as the boats were reached Captain Lake was killed ; Captain Davis was also shot down, but not fatally. He secreted himself in a crevice in the ledge, from which, in a weak condition, he escaped two days later. Clark and Lake had at Arrowsic one of the largest and most expensive establishments along the coast. It consisted of a mansion house, built after an English model, many out- buildings, a mill and the fortifications. The whole had cost several thousand pounds and a long term of years of enter- prising industry. Thirty-five persons were either killed or captured at this attack ; about a dozen escaped. After the Woolwich girl reached and alarmed the upper Sheepscot settle- ment, that community, with all possible haste, left homes, live stock, crops — all they possessed in the world — and fled down the river, arousing any by-settler to his danger, reaching Cape Newagen in a few hours and there taking refuge in the fort. The people on the Damariscotta likewise fled down their river and across to Pemaquid, joined by the Corbin's Sound neighborhood. From Pemaquid all tried to make Monhegan, but adverse winds prevented and they landed on Damariscove. Upon reaching that island a few persons were found there who a, o 'a CI ■r K 'J. THE INDIAN WARS. 89 had fled from Arrowsic and along Casco Bay. Those Avho had reached Newagen, feeling insecure, after a short tarry, also went to Damariscove. About 300 were then gathered there, in flight from all the surrounding country, and this has been thought to be a fairly correct key to the amount of population in the locality at that time. In about two hours after the last had reached the island, Hubbard tells us that they "saw all the other islands, Widgin's, Corbin's Sound, New Harbor and Pemaquid, all on fire." Being informed they could expect no help from Boston, and feeling insecure on Damariscove, they quit that place and went in different vessels to various places at the westward, mostly, however, to Boston, Salem or Piscataqua. Before sailing some of them visited another island in the vicinity and there found two dead bodies, the ashes of the buildings just burned and the cai'casses of the cattle which the destroyers had slaughtered. Exactly what island this may have been is uncertain, but, presumably, Hippocras ; for two families had been living there by the records just previous to the war, and no other island, except Damariscove, where they were then in exile, is mentioned as being inhabited. There are other rea- sons for this presumption ; persons living on that island might not have received the alarm, and, if they did, might have fan- cied themselves secure in their location. Further than this, it was near Damariscove, for parties had time to go there when preparing in haste to depart for the west. Jewell's Island was attacked September 2d, but several of the Indians were killed and forced to beat a retreat. Many who had escaped from the eastern settlements to Boston and other points to the westward obtained arms and ammunition there and immediately started on a march back into Maine. One hundred and thirty English and forty friendly Natick Indians reached Cocheco (Dover, N. H.), where they met Major Waldron with more men. Just then they met a force of 400 Indians. Though secretly hostile, they showed no belligerent spirit and seemed disposed to parley with Waldron. He proposed a sham fight, with the understanding that each side should fire over the heads of the opposing force. The Indians fired as understood, but the English held their fire and 90 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. then ordered the Indians to ground their arms and took them into custody. A culling process was instituted and about half the number were at once released ; but 200 were sent by a vessel to Boston for trial, and it was of these that it has been before mentioned that seven were hung and the remainder sold to Bermuda. Cape Neddock settlement was destroyed Sep- tember 25th and about forty whites killed. Black Point was attacked and surrendered. By the middle of February, 1677, Waldron had reached Mere Point, Brunswick, and a little later came to Arrowsic, where part of his force was left to fortify, and he with the rest kept on to Pemaquid in two vessels. Several sachems were found there and with them Waldron went ashore and held a truce. Hostilities were suspended and both sides were supposed to meet without arms ; but Waldron espied the point of a lance protruding from under a board and at once charged them with treacherj'. A tumult ensued. One squaw caught up a bundle of guns and ran for the woods. A hand-to-hand fight followed, while from signaling a well- equipped reinforcement came to the aid of the English from the vessels. A canoe was overturned and five or six Indians were drowned ; as many more were killed ashore in the fight besides the chief, Mallatawando. In this battle Waldron preserved all of his own goods, captured 1,000 pounds of beef and other articles, besides a number of prisoners. Among these was a sister of the Chief Madockawando, an Indian woman of great beauty and influence in her tribe. Also Megunnaway, an old chief and one of the most desperate, long-time offenders among the race. He had been concerned in the murder of Thomas Bracket and his neighbors, and several other of the most atrocious murders in the war. When it was learned whom they had captured,' with- out trial, he was taken out and shot on Pemaquid ground. Waldron, on his return to Boston, stopped and built a gar- rison on the Woolwich side, opposite Arrowsic, and left Cap- tain Davis with forty men to guard it. They found Captain Lake's body perfectly preserved by cold and took it to Boston for burial. A little later a part of the garrison went over to Arrowsic to bury the dead who were killed some seven months before. They anticipated no danger, for no Indians had been THE IJTDIAN WAES. 91 seen for some time in the vicinity, but no sooner had the place been reached than they were fired upon from ambush, their retreat to the boats cut off and nine of them shot down on the spot. About the same date seven were killed in the town of York from an ambush. Battles at York, Wells and Black Point occurred that spring, and then there seemed a lull in hostilities, but not peace until the treaty at Casco, April 12, 1678. Altogether 260 settlers were known to have been killed or carried away into captivity, over 150 captured and afterward released, the settlements of Cape Neddock, Casco, Arrowsic, Pemaquid, Scarborough and other places burned. The cost of the war was about £8,000 besides all losses. A letter from Francis Lovelace, Governor of New York, under the Duke of York, was sent the inhabitants of Pema- quid, bearing date February 16, 1672. In it he asked them as to the nature of government they desired, and the general tone of the letter indicated a spirit desirous of consultation on Eastern affairs. While Lovelace was the second Governor of New York, which was the Duke's principal grant, no attention had been given Sagadahoc, which his commissioners had vis- ited in 1665, bestowing upon it the name of Cornwall, and then reporting as to the insignificance of the territory and the vicious tendency of its inhabitants. It had been absolutely ignored until the receipt of this letter, if it ever was received, for the only record the public has of it is that to be found in the Albany archives. If received it may not have been answered, but a suspicious circumstance exists in the fact that Lovelace sent this epistle in February, and in May, following, the Pemaquid Colony petitioned the Massachusetts Government to extend itself over them. The letter may have stimulated this action. Sir Edmund Andros succeeded Lovelace as Gov- ernor of the Duke's dominions in 1674. No aid was extended the settlement in its perilous position by Andros, but after its destruction, September 8, 1676, the following resolution was recorded : "Resolved, To send a sloop to Piscataway, Salem and Bos- ton to invite and bring as many of the Inhabitants particularly ffishermen, as will come driven from the Duke's Terrytoryes and parts Eastward, and to supply them with land in any part of Government they shall chuse." 92 HISTOKY OF BOOTHBAY. The sloop came on from New York, but returned without passengers. General Court convened at Boston the October following, and the second day of the session passed a resolution denouncing the action of the Duke's New York Government as a mean attempt to gain population at the expense of the east, which that country could not afford to lose ; and made provision to send 150 men to Sagadahoc to protect that coun- try against the French and Indians. On June 9, 1677, it was decided by Governor Andros to take possession at once of the Sagadahoc territory, and on the 13th four vessels sailed with lumber and other material to build a redoubt at Pemaquid. Before leaving New York their instructions were, if for any reason they could not land at Pemaquid, then to make a tem- porary lodgment "upon Cape Ano wagon, DamerellV Cove, Monhigan or other adjacent islands." The fort was completed early in the season and the com- mand intrusted to Capt. Anthony Brockhals and Ensign Caesar Knapton, being christened Fort Charles in honor of the King, and the locality named Jamestown, in honor of the Duke. A most stringent set of rules and regulations were now pro- claimed. Pemaquid alone must be the trading place of the entire region ; Indians were not allowed to go to the islands ; neither should the natives be trusted ; questions of disagree- ment between inhabitants and fishermen should be settled in New York ; no fisherman should keep more than one dog ; no rum should be drank on the side the fort stood ; no " straggling farmes to be erected, nor no houses built anywhere under the number of twenty " ; all vessels from any other Government coming there to fish must first enter at Pemaquid, and, except in stress of weather, should go into no other harbor. It was with the building of Fort Charles, and this second attempt at government on the part of the Duke of York, that business of all kinds in the Sagadahoc territory centered at Pemaquid. The reason was that it was forced there by the controlling powers. The cause is here found why no other section, save Pemaquid proper, filled up after the dispersal by the Indians in 1676. The entire Government was abhorrent to the fishermen living under it. In every sense it aimed at monopoly in trade. Massachusetts Bay, which had established THE INDIAN WARS. 93 a brief rule just preceding the Indian outbreak, could not now follow it up without coming into conflict with the brother of the King, and it was then clear that both the King and Duke looked jealously upon Massachusetts. Col. Thomas Dongan was appointed Governor of New York and Sagadahoc in 1682, and arrived in this country in August, 1683, as successor to Andros. He found the people every- where dissatisfied with their Government. A few reforms were instituted by him, among which was an election by the freeholders. Writs for election reached the county of Corn- wall, and Gyles Goddard, Esquire, of Sheepscot, was unani- mously elected to the New York Assembly to represent the county. Petitions to Governor Dongan, at this time, bore a set of signatures almost entirely different from those which had a few years before appeared, petitioning Massachusetts to spread a protecting arm over Devonshire. This showed the population after the war to be composed of a new element. The King, Charles II, and his advisers, having all along l)een jealous of Massachusetts, vacated its charter June 18, 1684, and thereupon the liberties that colony had enjoyed were seized by the Crown. Colonel Kirke, one of the blackest names in English histoiy, was appointed Governor over Massa^ chusetts, Plymouth, New Hampshire and Maine ; but before he embarked for America to take his office, on February 16, 1685, Charles II died, thus saving the Colonies that humiliation. James, who had been Duke of York, now became King James II of England. Sir Edmund Andros, who had been the Duke's Governor of New York and Sagadahoc from 1674 to 1682, now became Governor of New England. He reached Boston December 20, 1685. The next year Governor Dongan sent Palmer and West as commissioners into Cornwall County to survey and convey to settlers tracts of land, understood to be one hundred acres, but in many cases they only conveyed three or four acres. Excessive fees were charged in all instances, and then the set- tler only received a leasehold, the fee remaining in the propri- etor. They placed and displaced at pleasure, preying upon the poor, ignorant and war-worn population, as many a political parasite has done before and since. After Andros' 94 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. appointment there appeared for a time some confliction in authority between himself and Dongan, when Andros' commis- sion was enlarged in March, 1688, making him Captain Gen- eral and Vice Admiral over New England, New York and the Jerseys. Almost immediately he sailed with an expedition to Penobscot, where he attacked Biguyduce, pillaged Castine's headquarters and came back to Pemaquid. Castine resented this outrage, and, as he was supreme among the Indians, uneasiness and acts of hostility at once commenced. Every English fortress from Penobscot to Piscataqua was at once repaired. Soldiers were enlisted and detached for an eastern expedition. Andros returned to Boston and, evidently fearing a war he had himself aggravated, tried pacific policies. He issued proclamations to the Indians, and broadly advertised that Indian prisoners would be freed, commanding, at the same time, that the savages should release their English prisoners. The Indians gave no heed to him or his efforts, and released no prisoners in their custody, but in some cases put them to death by torture. Andros, meantime, had let the Indians go which he had been holding. The war broke out in earnest August 13th, by an attack on North Yarmouth, followed soon after by a descent on Jewell's Island and Saco. At Merrymeeting Bay, after capturing the inhabitants, they fell into a drunken carousal and killed their victims. This marauding party next appeared at Sheepscot, where they made prisoners of two families. The remainder of the settlers defended themselves in the garrison. One of the party went out with a truce to try and treat with the assailants. They captured him and after terrible tortures dispatched him. Every building in the place was burned. Seeing war was now inevitable, Andros called out an army of from 800 to 1,000 men, and late in November led them on an eastern expedition, broadly making threats of his purposes. Soldiers suffered severely from lack of food and exposure to the inclement weather. Many died from these causes and he returned with- out killing or capturing a single Indian. With no wisdom in any of his actions, he made as great a display of his power as possible. The greatest catastrophe of the year was the capture of THE INDIAN WARS. 95 Dover, New Hampshire. One evening two squaws came along and begged the privilege of shelter for the night, which was granted them. In the night they opened the fortress gate, letting in a large party who were on the war path. A bloody hand-to-hand encounter followed, but with defeat to the English and capture of the garrison by sheer force of numbers. Major Waldron, whom we followed in the previous war, was there that night, an old, man of eighty. Twelve years before he had deceived them on the soil of that very town by a sham fight, and later, at Pemaquid, punished them severely, executing Megunnaway after the battle. Waldron was stripped and seated on a table, when each savage, passing him in procession, slashed his breast "with a knife, saying at each stroke : " Thus I cross out my account." At last they cut off his nose and ears, and as he was pitching from the table from loss of blood one Indian placed the Major's sword so that it ran him through as he fell. So died one of the greatest Indian fighters the Colonies ever knew. At Pemaquid a special effort was made to capture the new Fort Charles, recently built by Andros. A large body of Indi- ans appeared from the direction of Round Pond on August 2, 1689. Dividing into two parties, one part went to the Falls, where Judge Gyles and fourteen men were at work on the farm, obtaining a secreted position between the men and the garrison. The' other part ranged themselves between the fort and the houses before their presence was known. The attack began by the party attacking the fort, and as soon as the report of the firearms was heard the party above made an attack on the workmen. Several, including Judge Gyles, were there killed and the rest made prisoners. Lieutenant Weems at the fort, seeing that he could not possibly hold out, thought that if terms could be made an early surrender might obtain safety for the garrison. A promise was made that they might go aboard schooners for Boston if they would make no resistance. This was done, but no sooner were the doors opened than faith was broken and a slaughter ensued. All were either killed or made prisoners. Two captains of vessels in the harbor. Skin- ner and Farnham, were shot, and Captain Pateshall, who lived so many years at Damariscove, being there with his vessel, 96 HISTOKV OF BOOTHBAY. was captured and killed. At this point of time every English inhabitant eastward of Falmouth withdrew to that place. At the end of 1690 only four Maine settlements remained, Wells, York, Kittery and Isle of Shoals, and of these York was destroyed in 1692. While the worst was over, the Indians still continued in a belligerent condition until the treaty at Mere Point, Brunswick, Januaiy 7, 1699. The date, however, of August 2, 1689, may be set as that of the vacation of the county' of Cornwall. The fort at Pemaquid was again rebuilt in 1692, of stone, by Governor Phipps, and named Fort William Henry ; but the territory lying between the Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, with the islands about, was abso- lutely without other than the native population until 1729. From near 1620 until its destruction a second time, in 1689, there had been some English population, and they met with no serious disturbance until 1676. After that war a few came back, but the names were largely new ones, and these, under the restricted conditions imposed by Andros, mostly settled at Pemaquid proper. But with the second war these old names disappear forever. When settled forty years later bj' Colonel Dunbar it was by not only people of other families, but those of another race. The tyranny of Governor Andros overreached itself, and on April 18, 1689, he and thirty of his most thoroughly hated followers were thrown into prison by an enraged Boston popu- lace. Palmer and West, who had plundered the people of the country we now live in, were among the number. No bail that could be offered was accepted and for some weeks they were confined. This has come down to us as the first Ameri- can revolution. In England James II had abdicated his throne on December 12th, previous, and taken up his abode in France. His son-in-law, William, Prince of Orange, and Mary, wife of William and daughter of James II, were proclaimed on Feb- ruary 16th King and Queen of England. During these months the Jesuit priests and Castine had thoroughly inflamed the Indian mind. France, the asylum of James II, sympathizing with him on account of his religion, espoused his cause, and on May 1st war was declared by England against Franco. It was another war of Popery EAKLY SETTLEMENTS. 97 against Protestantism, and in New England the first onslaught was upon the weakest places, the frontiers of Maine and New Hampshire. Early in 1690 Sir William Phipps, a native of Woolwich in the Sagadahoc territory, was sent with 700 men to make a conquest of Canada. Port Royal fell before his fleet, but being late in the year and receiving no aid from England he was unsuccessful before Quebec. This second Indian war has been sometimes called King William's War. While the Boothbay territory lay uninhabited two other Indian wars took place. The first of these is known as Queen Anne's War, which lasted from August, 1703, to the treaty at Portsmouth, July 11, 1713 ; and the second, called Lovewell's War, from June 13, 1722, to Dummer's celebrated treaty, made December 15, 1725. The interim which occurred by absence of population from our locality must, of necessity, be reflected in these pages. Space forbids me in carrying along even the most important general matters, when we had no people to be affected by them. To this point the brief, cur- sory treatment given to general affairs has been necessary on account of such matters, as have been selected for presentation, having an intimate relation with what was transpiring here. Our next chapter, while not strictly in sequence, will be inserted for the reason that some matters appearing in it will be thereafter a matter of common reference. Following it the Dunbar immigration and settlement will be taken up, after which point of time our story is continuous to the present. CHAPTER VII. The Interim: 1689-1729. IN THIS chapter the reader will be given various matters, presented in monographic form, with the hope that that which is of most interest, and most necessary for refer- ence, will have been presented before commencing the story of the Dunbar immigration. There is no record that Squirrel Island was ever among the number composing the Damariscove group. Neither was it inhabited until after the Dunbar settlement. At what time the present name was applied, or for what reason, is uncertain. It was a lone island, uninhabited, and an appendage to Corn- wall County in 1687 ; then known by its present name, as evinced by the appended record. William Sturt about 1684 was town clerk of Pemaquid, as shown by various documents. The date of this petition is July 28, 1687, and he states that he is building a house on Hippocras " in order to a settlement." It has already been noticed that a rule existed in the Pemaquid Government, then recently promulgated, that outside of Pem- aquid single houses should not be built, and the building, away from that neighborhood, of houses to a number less than twenty was forbidden. From William Sturt's position he must have been a leading citizen of Pemaquid, and a colony, to the number of twenty houses, may have been intended on Hippocras at this time. If such was the case, a considerable colony must have existed there at the date of abandonment in 1689. THE INTERIM. 99 To his Excellency S"^ Edmond Andros Kn* Cap* Gener*" & Governo'^ in Chiefe of his Ma^^^s Territory & Dominion in New England in America The humble Petticon of William Start humbly Sheweth. "Whereas yo"^ Petticon'^ being Possest of a Small Island Commonly caled hypocrist where yo"^ Petticon"^ is building an house, in ord"^ to a Settlement But the sd Island being voyd of "Wood Either for ffire or other vse : And there being A small Eocky Island w* Woods Cloase by Caled Squirrill Island which is Noe wayes Comodious for the iishery, & Never have been taken vp, or Disposed of to Any as Yett the Which Yo"^ Petticon^ humbly Prays yo"' Excellency to Confirme to him And Grant that he may have A Pattent for the Said Island & he As in Duty bound Shall Ever Pray for Yo'' Excell^ Pros- perity &c. (Me. Hist. Coll. Doc. Series, VL 361.) Somewhere in the present town of Boothbay or Boothbay Harbor lived, as early as 1666, up to the outbreak of the first Indian War in the east, in 1675, a settler by the name of Henry Curtis (or Curtice) . He had a son, Henry, Jr., old enough to be signing peti- tions about 1674. It is likely that they lived on the west side, on Sheepscot waters. The conveyance to Curtis by the well- known chief, Robin Hood, is one of the earliest in the entire region. From this deed came much trouble to the inhabitants in later times, claimants under it commencing to annoy the settlers, in their holdings, as early as 1737 and continuing until the adjustment in 1811. "A deed of Henry Curtice, senior, recorded the 16th. of June, in the year of our Sovereign Lord King Charles the Second Anno Domine 1666, Jan'y 20th. day 1666. "Know all men by these presents, that I Eobin Hood, sagamore, doth sell unto Henry Curtice, his heirs and assigns forever, a parcel of land lying on the northwest side of the northwest passage, and the pond joining into the head of the northwest passage unto the Gutt of the Back river, with all the islands and inlets and marches containing unto the same. And likewise I the said Robin Hood doth prhibit and doth disown that any of my heirs and assigns shall lay any clam or privlidges unto the abovementioned land, and have given unto 100 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. the abovementioned Henry Curtice, his heirs and assigns, full power and possession to sett down there without any let or molestation. Whereunto I have set my hand and seal, the day and date above mentioned. the Kobin T Hood Witness, mark Daniel Benether William Cliffe Rascoba his office Examined "This deed was acknowledged by Robin Hood, Sagamore, this 29th. May, 1666, before me Henry Joslin, Justice in coram. "In the year '66, Walter Phillips, Recorder, Essex, ss. Aug. 23, 1785." John Palmer, who was associated with West in confirming lands in Cornwall County to settlers, confirmed to Elihu Gun- nison, then living in Cornwall, on September 17, 1686, that part of Linekin Neck southerly from where it is partially divided by the indentation of Little River. When driven out, in 1689, by the Indians, Gunnison took refuge at Kittery and there followed his trade of shipwright. On November 1, 1693, he sold this tract of land to William Pepperell, of Kittery, who was a native of Cornwall, England, and the father of Sir William Pepperell, one of Maine's most famous productions. Pepperell evidently bought it as a speculation, for he con- tinued to reside at Kittery. The description follows : " That Tract or parcell of Land within the bounds of James- town in the afores X'y Isjuie Murray 4 Red Store 211 Store— A. Goudy 3t; William Murray .-, Store 21 Hodgdon Shipyard 37 James Murray i; " 22 Hodtidon Shops .IS Rufus Murray 7 Andrew Adams 23 Store — Benjamin Reed 311 Samuel Murray K John Uould 24 James McDoiigall 411 G. W, 'Whitelumse M Charles Mcl>ougall 2:". B. Fowles 41 Capt. .-Vudrew Montgomery 10 Bradford V. Baker 2(1 Sehoolhouse 42 Ralph Whitehouse 11 Miles Hagan 27 Williiini Soiivey 43 Lumber Yard 12 Frederick Montgomery 2.S Temperance Hall 44 Michael Knight 13 Robert Montgomery 2'.l Capt. James L. Race 4.-. Caleb Hodgdou's Saw and 14 Leonard Montgomery ;;(i I'eter McGvniigle Grist Mill 15 Harvey Oliver :;i Reuben Jones 4i; Store and Post Office ii; Abigail Sawyer 32 .laines Seavey 47 Shoe Shop THE INTERIM. 105 The vicissitudes of the Province of Maine were many in both general conditions and forms of government, but not greater than those of the Sagadahoc territory, with which these chapters are more directly concerned. It was first embraced by the New England patent of 1620, and so continued until after the treaty of St. Germain, in 1632, when the French claimed it as a part of Nova Scotia. In 1654, under Crom- well's government, it again came into the possession of the English by the efforts of Major Sedgwick, and the government was given to Colonel Temple. Under the treaty of Breda, concluded in 1667, it was again claimed by France, as a part of Nova Scotia. By petition in 1672 to the Massachusetts Government the county of Devonshire was erected and a local government formed in 1674. The Indian War soon broke up the Colony, and the territorial government of New York was extended over it, and in 1688 was fully taken possession of by the English Crown. The charter of William and Mary, in 1691, included it, and again, in 1697, by the treaty of Kyswick, the French made claim. Posse"ssion of Nova Scotia by the English forces under Nicholson, in 1710, was gained, and the charter of William and Mary ever after held the St. Croix River as the New England boundary. The fort at Pemaquid, built by Governor Phipps in 1692, was of stone, built in a quadrangular figure, and was about 737 feet in compass about the outer walls and 108 feet square within the inner ones. It had twenty-eight ports and, at least, fourteen guns mounted. Six of the guns were eighteen- pound ers. The wall fronting the sea was twenty-two feet high and exceeded six feet in thickness at the ports. The great flanker or round tower at the western end of this line was twenty-nine feet high. The eastern wall was twelve feet high, the north ten, and the west eighteen. It took about 2,000 cart loads of stones in its construction. Sixty men were con- sidered a suitable garrison, and Mather, in his "Magnalia," quaintly says : "Which, if they were men, might easily have maintained it against twice six hundred assailants." 8 106 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Captain March held command of the fort until 1695, when he was succeeded by Pascho Chubb, a man without a single qualification for his position. Several altercations occurred at intervals between the building of the fort and its capture under Chubb, in which there was some loss of life on the side of each, the English garrison and the Indians. Castine, with a land force of French and Indians, numbering about 200, reached Pemaquid on August 13, 1696 ; D'lberville came with the French fleet about twenty-four hours later, standing off a league from the fort. At five o'clock on the afternoon of the 14th a summons was sent to the fort to surrender ; but Captain Chubb, with a great amount of bravado, sent back the answer that he would not " even if the sea were covered with French vessels and the land with Indians." The French commenced the attack with some fieldpieces, and the fort replied. Nothing was accomplished in the pre- liminary action, but during the night some heavy mortars were landed and the next day bombs were thrown into the fort. Castine, at this time, sent in a letter that if surrender was immediately made no massacre would follow, but if, after much resistance, the fort was captured he could not restrain the Indians. The attack had proceeded far enough at this point to produce a change of opinion on the part of Chubb and he capitulated at once, with the terms that the English be transported safely, but as prisoners, to Boston, and there exchanged for a like number of French and Indian prisoners in English custody. Chubb was thrown into prison by the Boston authorities for his cowardice and disgraceful surrender, where he lay for some months, but was finally released and allowed to join his family in Andover. There on February 22, 1698, the Indians, about thirty in number, sought him out and killed both him and his wife. On the part of the Indians it was wholly a matter of revenge for the treacherous treatment they had received at his hands when he was commandant of the fort at Pemaquid. "With the destruction of Fort William Henry all English influence was at an end east of the Kennebec River. Every THE INTERIM. * 107 English settlement was for a second time broken up and aban- doned. Patrick Rogers, a well-known pioneer, testified in 1773 that he lived in Georgetown in 1720-21, and at that date there was not a house, with the single exception of a fish house on Damariscove, between Georgetown and Annapolis Royal in Nova Scotia. In 1713 the General Court, recognizing the desire of many to return and settle in the abandoned country, took action by selecting a committee of nine to receive applications, investi- gate and sanction titles where they appeared sound, for many of the titles and other records had been burned when the inhabitants were driven out. In considering the best methods of settlement, it was deemed advisable to locate in groups of twenty or thirty families by the seaside, with lots of three or four acres each, and outlying lands according to individual needs and desires. After due investigation the Court ordered the settlement of five towns, as follows : Saco, Scarborough, Falmouth, North Yarmouth and Arrowsic. Without license people were not allowed to settle elsewhere than these five towns and the places which had survived the war. By 1717 Saco, now changed to Biddeford, had a settled minister; Scarborough had thirty families in 1719; in 1715- 16 there had twenty families settled at Falmouth ; in North Yarmouth a delay of about six years occurred ; while on June 13, 1716, twenty-six men having settled on Parker's and Arrowsic Islands, the territory now included in Arrowsic, Georgetown, Woolwich, Bath and Phippsburg was incorpor- ated as the town of Georgetown. A sergeant's guard of twenty soldiers was sent by the Court as a guard to the inhabitants for the first six months. This town was now the frontier of New England. Another order of the Court was that the county of Yorkshire should extend over the Sagadahoc country and to the eastern bound at the St. Croix, and that York should be the shire town for holding court and keeping the registry of deeds. 108 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. The Lords of Trade, in response to an order from the King, made a report upon the forts and defenses of -His Majesty's Plantations on January 10, 1700, from which the following extract is quoted : " Towards the mouth of the Kennebec River (seven leagues from Pemaquid) are many little Islands. On that of Damaras Cove there was before the war a Pallisadoed Fort for the defense of ye fishermen, and another on Cape Newagen where they used to cure their fish. But to Guard the Entrance of the River a Redoubt ought to be raised on the Island Sagada- hoc, and a little Fort at New Town in Rowsck Island two leagues up the River where there was formerly a small square one Pallisadoed." (See Mass. Archives, Vol. LXX, 'pp. 486-493; Doc. Coll. Hist. ]Sr. Y., IV, 831.} CHAPTER VIII. The Dunbak Settlement. COLONEL DAVID DUNBAR ^ arrived in America sometime during the year 1729, and probably went to Pemaquid that year. His commission was that of Governor of the Sagadahoc territory, with authority to rebuild Fort William Henry. In addition to this he had another com- mission as Surveyor General of the King's woods. The last- mentioned one, however, was the first one he obtained. He was of Irish birth and had been a colonel in the English army, but for cause had been reduced in rank. Some surprise, in contemplation of this fact, has been manifested that he should have received so much authority and so important a position. But he was proud and ambitious, though poor. He was highly endowed in that which goes to make up the successful intriguer in politics, — a good presence, broad ideas and ready promises. In England he had an inflential friend in a certain Colonel Bladen. Through Bladen's influence with the association known as the Lords of Trade, of which he was a member, Dunbar received recommendations for this appointment, and the Crown conferred it upon him, removing one Bridger to make room for him. His commissions made his sway well-nigh absolute, about the only reservation imposed upon him being that 300,000 acres, within his territory, must be kept intact for use in the King's navy. Nearly ever since its destruction, in 1696, there had been a controversy going on between Massachusetts and the English Government as to which should bear the expense of rebuilding the Pemaquid fort. The Puritanism of Massachusetts would not yield, so England, at this date, decided to stand the bur- den. There existed in England at this time an element that wanted to detach Sagadahoc from Massachusetts and append it to Nova Scotia. Their arguments were based on the ground that when the French reduced Pemaquid, in 1696, it amounted 1. Will.Hlst. Me., 11,165. 110 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. to a conquest of the Province of which that place was the capital; that again, in 1710, when the English recovered that Province and Nova Scotia from France it was also a matter of conquest, and, therefore, the ownership vested in the Crown. Then, by the treaty of Utrecht, this claim was confirmed by the formal retrocession by France to Great Britain of both Provinces. Colonel Dunbar was simply an adventurer, and a fit instrument to lend his influences to the politicians who favored this scheme. His prominence in history is far beyond his just due ; but it happened in his case, as it sometimes has in others, that he was attached to a movement that ultimately became successful, and that by becoming a matter of frequent historical reference, he, as a matter of course, has always been coupled with it. He was the instrument, at the opportune time, by which a colonization of these parts was effected that succeeded and, in the end, became permanent ; but the colo- nists who came under him came on account of the misrepre- sentation and deceit which he practiced upon them, and they endured privation and suffering, while establishing a home here, that their descendants can hardly imagine. At that date, 1729, it has been estimated that there were along the coast, from the mouth of the Kennebec to the Mus- congus, 150 families ; most of these, however, were living near the Kennebec, at Georgetown. A large part of this pop- ulation was composed of a strictly new element on the coast. But comparatively few of those who had been driven out of the country from 1676 to 1696 were alive, or situated, if alive, to go back on the old territory, and but few of their descend- ants went back. The new element was the Scotch-Irish Pres- byterians, of whom it was estimated that they constituted from one-fourth to one-third of the total population of the united Colonies at the time of the Revolutionary War. They were a people of pure Scotch blood, bred on Irish soil. There had never been anything in common, after their advent in Ireland, between them and the native population. They were oppo- nents in religion, which at that time was the strongest senti- ment swaying the minds of the inhabitants of Western Europe. During the Irish rebellions in the reign of Elizabeth, the northern counties of Ireland, constituting the Province of THE DTINBAK SETTLEMENT. Ill Ulster, were nearly depopulated. James I made it a special object to induce Scotch Presbyterians to emigrate there and fill the vacant counties. The highlands of Scotland were less pro- ductive than formerly and were over-populated. James viewed the matter in the light that the Scotch, in both religion and industry, would be a desirable element. Largely by his efforts the counties of Antrim, Londonderry, Tyrone and Down, in Ireland, were settled by this new element, and they at once became a thrifty and prosperous population. It was but twenty miles across the channel from the Scottish coast to the Antrim shores, and at Ballycally, in that county, the first Presbyterian church was established in Ireland, in 1613. A gi'eat exodus from Scotland to Ireland followed, so that, in 1684, on account of over-crowded territory, the first small colony of these people embarked for America, settling in New Jersey ; and by 1690 other colonies, all small, had gone across to Maryland, Penn- sylvania and the Carolinas. The summer of 1718 saw the first concerted movement on the part of this people going to Amer- ica. On August 4th five vessels, with 120 families, arrived in Boston and scattered to different places, principally in Massa- chusetts and New Hampshire, a few crossing into Maine.' Thereafter the immigration was continuous, influenced not only by the promise held out by the Colonies, but more largely by persecution and famine at home. The first work Dunbar did on reaching Pemaquid was to rebuild the fort with all possible speed. It is said that the walls were found in excellent condition. Early in the spring of 1730 the Governor of Nova Scotia sent a military guard to garrison the fort, and on April 27th he took formal possession of the Sagadahoc territory. This was simply a formal move, on the part of the Crown, to absolve whatever relations might be thought to exist between Massachusetts and the Province ; and the militia company was to be a support to Dunbar in case of a possible encroachment from the westward. A surveyor by name of Mitchell came from Annapolis to assist in laying out the projected towns. Meanwhile Dunbar issued a procla- mation, sending it broadcast over the settlements to the west- ward, inductive to settlement under his commission. Before 1. Me. Hist. Coll., VI, 12. 112 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. leaving England he had stated that the dissatisfaction of the Scotch-Irish and their tendency to emigration was one of his chief sources of dependence in peopling the new territory. To these people, knowing their thrift and fortitude, was his proclamation principally aimed. It is not probable that, as some have thought, he came across the water with his colony ready for settlement upon reaching here. It is very evident he did nothing of the kind. He may have induced some to come here directly from Ireland after he established himself, but his first work was as has been above stated, with the further effort of obtaining the good will of Colonel Phillips, Governor of Nova Scotia. Most of Dunbar's settlers who came to Townsend were in this country, and had been for varying short periods of time, when he came ; and the induce- ment to settlement which he offered was what brought them from other places to that over which he was in control. The fort's name was changed to Fort Frederick, in honor of the Prince of Wales. His plan included the laying out of four towns, two on each side the Damariscotta. The tract situated between the Damariscotta and Muscongus Rivers he divided into Harrington and Walpole ; the former included the southern and greater part of the present town of Bristol, and in it at Pemaquid Point was projected a city, which during his administration was known as Fort Frederick ; while Wal- pole comprised the northern part of Bristol, all of Damariscotta and the western and southern parts of Nobleboro. Between the Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, in a territory similar in extent, both in width between the rivers and in depth back from the sea, two other towns were projected, Townsend ^ and Newcastle.® These four towns cornered at a certain conspicu- 1. Lord Townshend's name always appears in English history spelled in the way here given. After the name was applied to our locality the " h " was dropped, and even in public documents it has seldom appeared. 2. It may appear like presumption to state that Dunbar laid out four towns instead of three, for all the histories I have consulted only mention three, with the exception of Johnson's Pemaquid, in which, by a note, he mentions Newcastle. I am satisfied from several sources of information that Newcastle was laid out by Dunbar as much as Walpole or the others, but it was farther removed from his seat of authoi^ ity than either of the other towns, and therefore less convenient to attend to its interests. Besides the Newcastle settlers were more Independent of Dunbar than the other places, and refused to submit to his dictation. The deposition of William Moore, a Townsend settler under Dunbar, now on file at both the Lincoln County registry and the State House at Boston, should satisfy any one upon this point. It appears in full elsewhere in this volume. THE DUNBAR SETTLEMENT. 113 ous and well-known ledge in the Damariscotta. A city was laid out at Townsend on the same general plan as that at Fort Frederick in Harrington. These places were named by Dunbar for Sir Robert Walpole, who at that date was England's Prime Minister ; Lord Charles Townshend, who had been England's Secretary of State, and was father of Lord Charles, who, in 1767, championed the taxation of imports into the Colonies, doing more than any other one person to precipitate the Amer- ican Revolution ; the Duke of Newcastle, who at that date was England's Secretary of State ; and, probably, James Harring- ton, an English author and politician of prominence in the preceding century. The idea of Dunbar was similar to that pervading the Gen- eral Court in 1713, when it took action in settling five towns along the Maine coast. He favored the grouping of settlers, with small lots apportioned to each, so that they need not be widely scattered in case of troubles with the natives, and the greater part of the lands apportioned to each lying back from the settlements. At Townsend he laid out lots twelve rods wide with sufficient depth to make two acres. These were laid out about the Harbor and were intended for the settlement, — the projected city. The settlers cast lots for choice, and they were guaranteed a title if a house eighteen feet long was built and the two acres cleared within three years, and at that time a further tract, of forty acres in one lot and one hundred in another, as nearly situated to the first two acres as possible, should be given them in fee simple forever. Additional to this, any number of acres less than 1,000, according to the request of the party, was to be given in some part further back in the country. Besides these land inducements, he promised to support the settlers and their families for a time.^ These were, indeed, magnificent proposals to make to a people who had been tenants on small tracts, in most instances, and had never held the fee in land. Williamson states that "the assurances of title he gave the settlers were leasehold inden- tures, with the antiquated reservation of a 'pepper corn' rent 1. Johnson is indefinite in his statement as to the length of time this support was to last, while Cushman states it was one year. His proclamation has never been found, and the substance of it depends on statements of the settlers. There were then but two newspapers in New England, and they were published in a locality that was hostile to Dunbar. 114 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. if demanded." The same author further states that on account of differences between the settlers and Dunbar, on the lands north of Townsend and between the rivers Sheepscot and Dam- ariscotta, he threatened to expel them from their possessions. This means no other than the Newcastle settlement, which at that time reached to Townsend, Edgecomb not existing. Immediately about Fort Frederick the plan was the same as about Townsend, but the river lots in Harrington and Walpole were of twelve acres each, but back of these they were 100-acre lots. The lots not immediately taken were granted to Mont- gomery and Campbell, two speculators, but with that action the record ends. It seems that Montgomery died and Camp- bell disposed of his interests to William Vaughn, who built a house, two double sawmills and a gristmill, about 1740, at Damariscotta Mills, also clearing a farm there. None of the deeds or leases given by Dunbar have survived to afford a copy to the present generation. It was supposed they were in the custody of William Vaughn, and as his house was con- sumed by fire, shortly after building, it is likely these docu- ments were then all destroyed together.^ A grant was made of Townsend to Samuel McCobb and Patrick Rogers, and through their efforts the place was settled by about forty persons during the fall of 1730. Rogers is the same person, formerly referred to, who was living in George- town in 1722. He was, in 1730, living at Fort Frederick, and there is nothing to indicate that he ever came to this place to live. There is no existing record to show who constituted the total number that settled under Dunbar. Depositions show us there were about sixty persons here in 1731, and the record of Dunbar soon after would indicate that, from lack of title, the hardships endured by the inhabitants and the general perplexi- ties of their situation, but few were added to this latter number by new families moving into town, and that whatever increase of numbers appears can be largely accounted for by the natural increase in the families then here. Corroborative of this is the fact that added to this population, which is believed to have been, without exception, of Scotch-Irish descent, were several families of English descent coming from New Hampshire, in the 1. Johnson's Femaquid, p. 271. THE DUNBAK SETTLEMENT. 115 neighborhood of Dover, and others from about York and Kit- tery, in Maine, soon after the close of the French and Indian War, in 1759. Even with this addition and the natural increase of the first population, there were, in 1764, but about seventy- five polls in town, and of these several were young men, unmarried, who had just attained majority and were living in their fathers' families. Statements have also been left by some of the Dunbar settlers to the effect that to them and their chil- dren but few were added in their neighborhood until after 1759. The names of the heads of the families settling in 1730 or soon thereafter are believed to be as follows : Samuel McCobb, James McCobb, McKechnie, William McCulloch, Thomas Tully, Edmund Brown, David Bryant, Walter Beath, John Beath, William Fullerton, William Fullerton, Jr., William Moore, John McFarland, James McFarland, Daniel McCurda, Patrick McGuire, Abner Ford and, perhaps, Robert Mont- gomery. Here we have seventeen men, possibly eighteen, nearly all, perhaps all, married. So far as I have been able to gain accurate information, by records, the number of children at the date of coming to Boothbay was very few ; and but few need be added to make the total number settled here in 1731 reach about sixty, which will accord, with John Beath's deposi- tion. There is a reasonable likelihood that some names have never come to light and are omitted, for our records were not commenced until we had assumed town organization in 1765. While doubtless this little colony was added to, in a small way, from time to time, by a new family coming among them, there are but three instances, prior to the close of the French and Indian War, where families are thought to have settled here that have been influential or numerous. These three are the families of Alley, Reed and Wylie, all of whom probably set- tled in Townsend between 174v0 and 1750. The settlement, so far as individual instances of location are concerned, will be taken up in another chapter ; in a gen- eral way it may be said that indications point to Boothbay Harbor, from a point a short distance easterly from Mill Cove, across to Pisgah, and again easterly from Pisgah, at the head of Lobster Cove, on both sides of the Echo Lake Brook, as being the selected places by the Dunbar colonists. 116 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. There exist among the Lincoln County records, and also in the State House at Boston, several depositions, taken in 1770 or soon after, and filed for future reference by settlers at this period. Probably the principal object for this extraordinary act was that, in view of the harassing of land claimants living elsewhere, keeping the inhabitants in an unsettled and insecure state of mind, and the consideration that the settlers of 1730 and 1731 were advanced in years and few in number, it was done in a protective sense for the good of their descendants. No more opportune place to introduce these depositions appears than the present, for they embody, practically, the greater part which is obtainable relating to the history of this colony until about the time it assumes town organization. Deposition of William Mooee. July 6, 1770. William Moore of more than seventy years testifieth and saith sometime in the fall of the year 1730 he with several others were settled in a place called Townsend by Col. Dunbar their agent of the Crown at Pemaquid. That David Bryant was one of his neighbors then settled by the said Dunbar on the same footing with the other settlers, which were as follows : that forty feet upon the shore was to be common to all fisher- men unless the settlers adjoining should consent to make fish for any fisherman at two shillings and sixpence per quintal, in which case said forty feet were to be included in his lot ; that the lotts on the shore were to contain two acres ; that the set- tlers were to build an house eighteen feet in length upon them and settle there ; that upon that condition each was to have forty acres backward from thence added to the lotts of this settlement, and further backward still one hundred acres more ; that the said David Bryant was then settled on the lot now in possesion of Rev. John Murray in Boothbay, then Townsend ; that he built an house according to the above articles upon it ; that some years afterward he had the said lott run out by one Willis a surveyor at his expense so as to contain fifty acres and inhabited and improved the same for some years until he sold his Right to Edmund Brown another of Said settlers under the Said Dunbar, from which time the Said Dunbar relin- quished the possession and the Said Brown entered upon it and continued to occupy the premises in company with this deponent mowed the meadow belonging to said lott, which THE DUNBAR SETTLEMENT. 117 formerly had been mowed by the Said Bryant. Said Meadow and all others in the Neck up to the rocks in the Damariscotty River having been granted to said settlers in common by the Said Dunbar, and by the Said settlers divided into lotts for their convenience ; that Said Brown continued in possession of Said premises until August 1739 when he gave the inhabit- ants a deed of it in trust for the first settled minister there ; that the same inhabitants entered upon and kept possession thereof until the settlement of the Kev. John Murray in the ministry among them ; the first minister of Said Townsend ; when it was given up to him, in whose hands it remains until now & further saith not. "William Moore. Deposition of Samuel McCobb. October 23, 1772. Samuel McCobb, aged 64 years, testifieth and saith, that in the year 1729, Col. Dunbar came with a commission from his most excellent Majesty George the Second, with instruc- tions to take possession and settle with the inhabitants, in behalf of the Crown, the lands lying to the Eastward of the Kennebec River in said Province, that with a number of men and necessaries he arrived at Pemaquid in the same year, and forthwith proceeded to survey and settle several towns around, publicly inviting His Majesty's liege subjects to come and set- tle thereon, promising them ample encouragement in the name of the King, his master. In consequence of which encourage- ment the Deponent with more than 40 others, applied to the said Dunbar and by him were brought to and settled on a cer- tain neck of land bounded on the sea, and lying between the Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, the which lands the said Dunbar had laid out in parallel lotts, twelve rods broad, con- taining two acres apiece, and ordered the settlers to cast lots for their respective places, which being done, the said Dunbar did, in the King's name and behalf, put them in possession of lotts they had respectively drawn, and promised that on condi- tion of their building one house eighteen feet long and clearing two acres within the space of three years he could give them an addition of forty acres in one, and one hundred in another division, as contiguous to the first two acres as possible, in fee simple forever, and likewise to add thereto another division devising to each settler any number of acres besides, less than 1,000, which they should request. A number having complied with these terms, and said Dunbar offered to give them deeds 118 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. of said lands, but the Execution thereof was delayed, and in the year 1733 he was removed to New Hampshire. The lands, being naturally broken and poor, and more especially then, in their wild uncultivated state, and the settlers coming there generally in low circumstances, and most of them (as being from Britain and Ireland) utterly unacquainted with the mode of managing lands in that state, little of the necessaries of life was raised from the soil, their whole living depended on cutting firewood and carrying it to Boston and other towns more than one hundred and fifty miles from them ; hence the settlers lived, from the first, exposed to the utmost Extremities of Indjfrence and Distress, and at the same time in almost contin- ual alarms from the Savages all around, till the year 1745, when the murders and depredations in their borders forced them from their Habitations to seek shelter in the westward, where they were scattered in a strange country, at nearly 200 miles distance from their homes, for five years. In October, 1749, as soon as the news of Peace reached them, this depo- nent with man}-^ of his former neighbors ventured back to their Said Settlements where they had scarce finished the repairs of their wasted cottages and improvements, when in a year or thereabouts, the Indians tho' in a time of Peace fell on their neighborhood, burnt barns, killed many cattle, attacked the little garrison kept by the people, and carried away a number of men, women and children into Captivity. By this the deponent and his neighbors were Obliged to flee to the little fortress they had raised for themselves where they lived and defended themselves as they might, not daring to look after their plantations, by which means the little provisions then growing for their support the next winter were chiefly destroyed whereby, when they returned to their places, little better than the Horrors of famine were in prospect ; many were obliged to live by clams only, which they dug out of the mud when the tides were down ; thus they subsisted in general till the late war with France broke out, when tho' their cries were sent up to the Government for some Protection on this settlement, which they still held in the King's behalf, and from which should they again be driven they knew not where to seek a place of abode, yet no defence or assistance went to or a morsel of bread was allowed them, but such as they found for themselves, by garrisons and guards of their own where their families lived in continual Terror and Alarm from the Savages who ranged the Wilderness all around, till the late Peace was concluded, when their Settlement was increased much by new comers from the Western Parts. Thus happily rid of the French and Indians they were not long suffered to rest for THE DUNBAR SETTLEMENT. 119 three or four opposite setts of claimers, part claiming by Indian deeds Never approved according to Law, and part by pretended ancient occupation and other Pretexts never justified in Law, at divers times came among them demanding the pos- session of these said lands, or requiring a purchase of them. These imposing upon the Credulous Simplicity of some of the Inhabitants by fair promises, and terrifying others with Threats of Lawsuits for wMch the poor Settlers were ill provided, so far prevailed that the generality were fain to contract with and buy their lands from one or another of them, and some of them all successively, and such as have not done so are still harassed by the said Claimers and threatened by each in his turn, with Law Suits, Ejectments, if not Imprisonments and Ruin, whilst those of whom they bought have never done anything to defend them from competing claimers, and all have left them to become a prey to who comes next. However, by the help of God, they continued on their said possession till the year 1764, when desirous of obtaining the Benefit of order and the enjoyment of the Gospel, they applied to the General Court of the Province and were legally incorporated into a town by the name of Boothbay and tho' the generality of them are in very low circumstances, many in extreme Indigence, and very few able to raise on their farms provisions to supply their families for nine months in the year, yet in the year 1765, without any help from the Publick (from abroad) , they at their own cost and charge erected a church, settled a Gospel minister and still endeavor to support the Gospel amongst them, and likewise to contribute their required part towards defraying the charges of government, and in all other respects to demean themselves as peaceful and loyal subjects of King George the Third. These things the deponent testifyeth to facts within his own proper knowledge to be personally present, and intimately interested therein and he declareth that the deposition is not given with any injurious intent towards any person whatsoever. Samuel McCobb. Deposition of John Beath. October 23, 1772. John Beath aged sixty-two years testifieth that he lived with his Father who dwelt at Lunenburg, in the Western part of Said Province, when the news was published over New England that his most excellent majesty King George the sec- ond had commissioned and sent to Pemaquid, in the Eastern Part of Said Province, a certain Col. Dunbar, as his agent to 120 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. take possession and begin the settlement of the lands to the Eastward of the Kennebec River in his majesty's name and behalf, and said Col. Dunbar was arrived, and had published large encouragement to any of his majesty's Protestant liege subjects who should settle on Said lands. In pursuance of which the deponent together with his Father and family, in June A. D. 1731 left their Plantation, and at no small expense transported themselves, their stock and effects to Pemaquid, when after treating with the said Dunbar, this deponent with his father, and as he supposes above sixty others, were, by the said Dunbar, settled on a neck of Land bounded by the sea lying between the Sheepscott & Damariscotty Rivers, then called the Winnegance contiguous to a fine Harbor, where Dunbar said he proposed to found a City, and which place he then called Townsend. Said Dunbar employed one Mitchell said to be the King's surveyor to lay out our Said lands in parcels twelve rods wide, containing two acres each of which were determined to the several Settlers by Lott. Then the said Dunbar contracted with the said Deponent and others to give them forty acres in one division and one hundred in another, as near as might be to the two acres on which they severally settled and that on condition of each set- tler's building an house eighteen feet long and clearing two acres of land the Said Dunbar engaged to give each a deed under the King's Seal of said one hundred and forty-two acres, as also, to any Settlers that required it any number of acres next adjoining his own less than one thousand. That this deponent with many other of the Settlers fulfilled the Said con- ditions, and in consequence thereof Said Dunbar offered them deeds, but as they had to be sent to a gentleman at a distance to be sealed, he advised them to defer it until he should have the seal committed to his own hands, which he expected very soon would be the case and thus the matter stood until Said Dunbar was removed. Yet that, being placed on the Said Lands in the King's Name and Behalf, the Settlers resolved to keep their possessions till his majesty should see fit by the same authority to remove them, the which they have hitherto done under hardships scarcely tolerable to human nature, partly from want of Sustenance, being nearly 200 miles from the place where all their provisions must be procured whence in the Winter of several years the inhabitants must inevitably perished by famine had they not been supplied from the clam bank with their only food for several months together, and partly by the enemy that continually harassed them and for the most part pent them up close in their little garrisons and once forced them from their settlement for several years, no THE DUNBAK SETTLEMENT. 121 support or defence being afforded them by the Government, but on the contrary a number of their men were carried off to defend places elsewhere. That on the 19th of August 1749 this deponent and 17 others was taken captive with the Indians, but they were detained till November, that the Said Indians took from him a sloop of sixty tons burthen, with her cargo, and tho' this deponent had bargained with them for the Ransom thereof, she was sold to the French at St. Peters, whereby he was returned to his family after many hardships having now lost his all, and having yet a large share of the vessel to pay for, by which means his young and numerous family who depended on his labors for subsistence were reduced to many and great extremities. John Beath. Deposition of William Fullbkton. October 23, 1772. William FuUerton aged 67 years testifieth & saith that he was one of the first settlers on the lands in Townsend now Boothbay, where he still dwells. That he hath examined a deposition by Samuel McCobb of the same date and caption with this relating to the settlement of Said lands and he declares the facts therein related to be true and further adds that the chief garrison made by the Said settlement against the enemy was a Small Stone House which they jointly fortified with a Flanker and Watch Box rearward & a Picquet hold in front and in which they kept a constant guard during all the War. That instead of getting any support from the Government a number of men belonging to said Settlement were carried off into the war and several of them lost their lives in it. And from the first to the present day the Inhabitants of this Settle- ment have studied to approve themselves to be loyal subjects and friends to Government have never cut down, to the depo- nents knowledge, or destroyed any tree fit for any service as a mast in his majesty's navy, nor ever joined in any of the late unhappy disputes between this Government and the Mother Country. William Fullerton. Deposition of William Moore. October 23, 1772. William Moore aged 74 years testifieth and saith that he hath perused the above deposition of Samuel McCobb of the same date and with this, concerning the Settlement of 122 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. Boothbay in said County, and that he was intimately acquainted with all the facts therein stated, as having been one of the first settlers and on the premises at the time referred to, and from his own knowledge he declares the above relation to be true, and further adds that the names of the Several Towns begun by the Said Col. Dunbar were Frederick's Fort, Harrington, Walpole, New Castle and Townsend. The four last were to meet at a noted Ledge of Kocks in the Damariscotty Eiver. That on Townsend the said Col. Dunbar said he meant to found a city, that the two acre lotts were laid out by his order by one Mitchell the King's Surveyor sent from Annapolis in Nova Scotia, for that purpose and after him by one Newman sent by said Dunbar from Pemaquid. That the reason why this deponent and the other Settlers who had fulfilled the con- ditions required did not receive deeds from Dunbar, was by him discovered to be because they must needs be sent to a certain Governor Armstrong in Said Annapolis to be sealed, which being a hardship on Settlers and disagreeable to Said Dunbar, he advised them to defer the execution of the deeds, till he should have an answer from the Court of Great Britain to an application he had made requesting the Seal should be committed to himself. That the Poverty of the Inhabitants joined to their distance to any market, to the brokeness of the soil, to their continual alarms from the enemy rendered pro- visions so scarce among them that the only subsistance the deponent could find for himself and his family was clams and water for weeks together and he knows not of any of the Set- tlers that were not then in the same state. That when the first child was born in the Settlement not more than three quarts of Meal could be found among them all. That in the time of the late French war the said settlers petitioned the General Court for some assistance or defence, that said petition was sent to Boston by Robert Wylie late of Boothbay deceased, that this deponent treated with several members of the General Court about it but no relief was ever offered the Government, & fur- ther saith not. William Moore. Whatever may be said or thought of Dunbar's course of procedure, which certainly was arbitrary and irregular, it still must be said of him that he was a man of energy and action, and while in power matters went along successfully. His chief characteristic seems to have been to let the future take care of itself if only his present purposes might be accomplished. It has been suggested that perhaps his arbitrary methods were THE DUNBAR SETTLEMENT. 113 due to his instructions, but these he refused to show. By him all former claims were disregarded. Eoyal grants, proprietors' claims and Indian deeds all fared alike. This was in accord- ance with the theory that the title was in the Crown ; but, for whatever reason, it bred strong opposition on every side. The tables of the General Court in Boston were crowded by petitions for Dunbar's removal, though it was powerless to act except by appeal to the Crown ; but this was done by a committee of investigation, appointed for the purpose, which denounced his action. Samuel Waldo, agent for the claimants under the Muscongus patent, went to England for this purpose only. Shem Drowne, proprietor of the Drowne claim, peti- tioned the Crown ; and Governor Belcher, of Massachusetts, used every influence possible in the same direction. In England the matter was referred to the Attorney and Solicitor General. Both sides were represented by counsel. The law oiEcers of the Crown allowed the matter to hinge on the ques- tion whether England had, by the new charter to Massachusetts in 1692, in which jurisdiction over both Sagadahoc and Nova Scotia ^ had been given that Government, lost this jurisdiction in the conquest by France in 1696, or in the retaking, in 1710, by England, and the retrocession by France, revived it. It was decided that these changes had no effect to annul the rights of Massachusetts, that they only suspended her rights. The report was made in August, 1731, and adopted by the Government, but hi-s dismissal did not occur until August 10, 1732. The same order that dismissed Dunbar withdrew the soldiers from Pemaquid and revoked whatever authority Gov- ernor Phillips, of Nova Scotia, had received over Sagadahoc territory. Dunbar remained as long as excuses would permit him to do so at Pemaquid, when he removed to New Hamp- shire, of which Province he was Lieutenant Governor. He still held his commission of Surveyor General. Becoming very unpopular in New Hampshire, he returned to property he still held at Belvidera Point, situated across the pond from Dama- riscotta Mills, in a westerly direction from the County Fair Grounds. There he built a fine house and lived until 1737, 1. Massachusetts had voluntarily relinquished Nova Scotia to the Crown, though having received in its charter jurisdiction over it, hut had never relinquished Saga- dahoc or any territory west of the St. Croix. 124 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. when he went to England. Keaching there old creditors caused his arrest and he was thrown into prison, but was soon released through the influence of friends. In England he still held the Surveyor's commission, but in consideration of £2,000 sterling was persuaded to resign, when, in 1743, he was appointed Governor of the Island of St. Helena, destined later to become world-famous as the exile home of the great Napoleon. Where or when he died is not known. He probably never revisited America ; but after his death his widow came to Maine and married a man by name of Henderson, living in Gushing as late as 1776. The larger part of the families who came into the towns settled by Dunbar located in Townsend. But few settled in Newcastle. The names to be found in Bristol rec- ords, coming there under him, are Young, Kent, Sproul, Keed, Burns, Bailey and Henderson, previously mentioned, who married Colonel Dunbar's widow and removed to Cushins. CHAPTER IX. 1733 TO 1764. FOUR of the six Indian wars which devastated the coast of Maine have been previously mentioned. The last of these had closed in 1725, four years before the advent of Dunbar at Pemaquid. The settlements, therefore, enjoyed a respite from general warfare, offensive and defensive, for a longer period at about this time than for many years before. No general alarm, all along the line, occurred again until 1745. There happened, during this so-called period of peace, many minor depredations, carried on in a predatory manner, and the Townsend settlers have stated that to some extent they suffered in this way, but they have not left us the story of the specific instances of injury. For some months before the outbreak which occurred on July 19, 1745, a hostile attitude had been discerned on the part of the natives by the colonists. Their attitude just before a war had been studied so that now it was recognized as a cer- tain precursor. This was known as the Spanish or Five Years' "War and lasted until the treaty at Falmouth, October 16, 1749. Nearly all the native tribes west of the Penobscot River had been reduced to mere remnants and these had gone to Canada, where they became merged with those of the St. Francois or other tribes. But they inherited the traditions of their ances- tors, a leading feature of which was an eternal hatred of the English settlers. They now returned to the coast of Maine, reinforced by the tribes from Cape Sable and St. John. Many of the younger warriors had been born since a general war had been on between the two races and were eager for the conflict. The method in this, as in previous wars, evidently aimed at extermination of what they termed intruders on the grounds which they considered naturally theirs. The first blows were struck, almost simultaneously, at St. George, Newcastle and Pemaquid. There was not a great loss 126 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. of life in this war, which has been accounted for by the fact that the whites better understood the methods of Indian war- fare than formerly. There were, however, some casualties in nearly every town along the coast. Several were killed at Sheepscot, Newcastle, St. George, Wiscasset, New Meadows, North Yarmouth and other places farther west. The colonists at Townsend, realizing their weakness both from point of num- bers and lack of fortifications, sought safety in Massachusetts, where many of them had first arrived on coming to America. There they stayed from the outbreak to the close of the war, and again was this peninsula barren of population ; but this time it was four instead of forty years. Early in 1749 several families came back to their homes, and from the deposition of John Beath we learn that he and seventeen others were cap- tured and carried away into captivity, being held from August 19th until the following November. But Samuel McCobb tells us that he and others did not return until after peace was declared in October. Beginning anew, in 1749, the Townsend settlers had a respite from Indian hostilities until April, 1755. Then the French and Indian War came upon the entire country, involv- ing every part of the English and French possessions in America. It was destined to eclipse all former wars as to magnitude and far-reaching effects. At the commencement both a New England and a New France existed — at its close New England stood alone ; New France had gone down, never again to gain an ascendancy. Those times present great food for reflection. Just then England and the colonists were driving France from the Atlantic shores of the New World ; a generation later France, with no expectation of territorial gain, was assisting the colonists to drive England from the more promising pai-t of the same seaboard. Thus by this European duel, on American shores, were both forms of royalty and foreign influence relegated back to their proper limits and the better part of America was left as a free home for those who had here cast their lots. A synopsis of the principal events of this war will, perhaps, suffice in a work of this kind. The early part of the war was dis- tinguished by a triumph of French arms. Braddock, the Eng- 1733 TO 1764. 127 lish general, met disastrous defeat, and lost his own life at Fort Duquesne, George Washington, then a youth of twenty-three, conducted the retreat and saved the army from annihilation ; the Acadians were transported from Grand Pre, arriving the following year, 1756, at New Orleans, in French territory; during that year Montcalm, one of the most brilliant military men in France, arrived at Quebec, taking charge of the mili- tary affairs of his country; in 1758 Louisburg surrendered to the English General, Amherst, Fort Frontenac to the English Colonel, Bradstreet, and Fort Duquesne was abandoned by the French. In 1759, on September 18th, the last hope of France as to her possessions in this region went 4own with the defeat of Montcalm and the fall of Quebec. During this war England furnished vessels and munitions of war ; the Colonies were depended on for the commissariat. The English and Colonial Army ^during the last year of the war was composed as follows : England, 22,000 ; Massachu- setts, 7,000 ; Connecticut, 5,000 ; New Hampshire and Ehode Island, 1,000; New York, 2,680; New Jersey, 1,000; Penn- sylvania, 2,700; Virginia, 2,000; South Carolina, 1,250; Maine, 600. The actual loss of life along the coast of Maine was proba- bly less than in any of the preceding wars. Marauding parties of Indians visited the region about here, and even kept the people in continual suspense and alarm by their hostile depre- dations, but it is doubtful if they were in the vicinity in much force. The main body of Indians was held in Canada, assist- ing the French on the defensive, for in that war the English and Colonial forces were the invading ones. Persons were killed, however, during this war in the settlements of Frank- fort (now Dresden), Harrington, Georges, Broad Bay, New Meadows and others. The depositions in the preceding chapter inform us that during these wars the Townsend settlement not only received no assistance from the Government, but that some of their own men needed at home for defense were forced into the service elsewhere. About one-half of Maine's quota of troops was held within its own limits for garrison duty. The principal defenses between the Penobscot and Kennebec were Fort Fred- 128 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. erick. Fort Georges, Meduncook and Broad Bay. It may be inferred, as there exists no record on the matter, that Towns- end obtained no outside aid. The record being silent on the subject reinforces the statement of William Fullerton, wherein he says : "The only garrison of the Townsend settlers was a small stone house, which they jointly defended with a flanker and watch box rearward and a piquet hold in front, and in which they kept a constant guard during the war. That instead of getting any support from the Government a number of men belonging to said settlement were carried into the war and several of them lost their lives in it." To illustrate this point with an instance from old Townsend itself, and one brimming with adventure to such an extent that the old adage, that "truth is stranger than fiction," is verified, the following narrative, in an abridged form, is given, and its perusal will show the reader how several things were done in those old times. Michael Smnett was born about 1730 in an inland town in Ireland. As a boy, nearly grown up, he sought work at Dublin in company with two other boys about his own age and from the same neighborhood. A few days after reaching there, while loitering about the wharves, they were accosted by a well-dressed, genial-appearing man, who asked them if they had ever been aboard a large vessel, and if they would enjoy taking a sail down the harbor, in one then lying at the wharf, and return with the pilot. They gladly accepted. The mouth of the harbor was reached and Dublin was fairly left behind. The boys grew anxious and made some inquiry of the captain. He told them they were on their way to America and there was no way to avoid it. They were dazed, but there was no help for them. When they landed in Boston they were taken before oflicials and the captain made oath to the statement that they came on board of their own free will and accord, but without passage money. Thoy were accordingly sold to pay their passage money, and Joseph Orr, who with his brother had recently purchased Orr's Island, bought Sinnett and took him to Maine. The others were sold elsewhere and no more is known of them. Sinnett worked out the amount of his pur- chase price, meantime becoming much attached to Orr and his 1733 TO 1764. 129 family, and they likewise to him. It was now somewhat later than 1750. He remained awhile longer with Orr and finally married a woman who had relatives in Hingham, Mass. At Orr's advice he and his wife came to Townsend, took up 100 acres of land, built a log house and a hovel for their live stock, and commenced clearing a farm. An opportunity being afforded, his wife took passage to Boston in a schooner going there, to visit her relatives for a few weeks. Shortly after she left a British man-of-war came into Townsend Har- bor, a pressgang came ashore and Sinnett and several others were seized and carried aboard. They were then taken to New York and enrolled in the Provincial Army, and made the march through the forests to Canada, fought through the cam- paign against the French, and, after the fall of Quebec, made a return mai'ch to New York, were mustered out and made their way back to the shores of Maine. Sinnett went first to Orr's Island, and there, in the family of his old friend, Joseph Orr, found his wife. She had, in due time, returned to Towns- end, where the sad news of the kidnapping of her husband awaited her. In despair she picked her way back to the home of their old benefactor, Orr, who at once went to Townsend in his coaster and loaded upon it the belongings to this ruined home, taking them back to his own. The man of these adventures was the founder of the numer- ous family of Sinnett now living in Harpswell. They never returned to Townsend. Part of these facts may be gleaned from Wheeler's History of Brunswick and Harpswell ; some of the particulars I have received from his descendants and from an old plan made from a survey by Jonas Jones, sur- veyor, in 1757, of 700 acres at Back River, now in possession of Albert E. Matthews, of that place. I find that Michael Sinnett's 100 acres were situated next north of John Matthews' lot, both of whom had houses built at the time of this survey. The Sinnett place afterward became the home of James Tibbetts. The date of this survey cannot vary much from the time Sinnett was impressed into the service of the Crown. This same survey shows that Abijah Woods lived where Albert E. Matthews now does in 1757, but Boothbay's records are silent as to such a person. As others were captured and 130 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. impressed in the service with Sinnett, this man was probably of the number, and he is likely to have been one in William Fullerton's deposition referred to as losing their lives in the service, evidenced by his non-return. The fall of Quebec, which occurred September 18, 1759, became known in Falmouth (now Portland) on October 14th. A celebration of joy and thanksgiving ensued. Some days after this an eastern bound schooner, from Falmouth, for some reason was obliged to go into Round Pond. By that means the news reached there. Soon after that the news was carried down to Fort Frederick, but not fully confirmed. Thomas Johnson volunteered to go to Round Pond for a verification. Fearing to go through the woods he crossed to Xew Harbor and there took the shore to Round Pond. Arriving there he found the schooner, obtained the facts and returned as he had come. These particulars are given that the reader may ponder upon the conditions of the then contrasted with the nov:. There is reason to suppose that soon after the Townsend inhabitants returned to their homes, in 1749, an effort was made by them, together with the inhabitants of that part of Bristol formerly known as Harrington, to obtain incorporation as a town. The petition has not been found, but the protest presented by the inhabitants to the west of Sheepscot indicates the settlers in these two localities. Alexander Nickels, who evidently headed the petition, was a lieutenant and the com- mander at Fort Frederick, a native of Londonderry, Ireland, who had come to America in 1721, living in Boston before going to Pemaquid. The protest follows : Protest. To the Honourable Spencer Phipps Esq Lieut Govinor and Commander In Chief In and over His Magestys Province of Massachusetts Bay. The Honourable his Majestys Council and House of Representatives In General Court Assembled at Boston the Fifth day of October 1750. Samuel "Whitmore of Cambridge In said Province Gentle- man and Israel Averill of Sheepscot In said Province Yeoman for and in behalf of themselves and others, the Proprietors and Inhabitants of the West side of Sheopscut River In the County of York Humbly Sheweth. That they have just now been Informed that there is filed 1733 TO 1764. 131 in your Honourable Court a Petition or Memorial of one Alex'r Nickels and other Inhabitants of the East side of Sheepscut Kiver afore said praying for certain Reasons therein mentioned that they may be Incorporated Into Town order. The grant- ing of which Petition your memorialists conceive will be very prejudicial and therefore humbly pray your Honour and Hon- ours that before any proceedings are had thereon they may be admitted to shew cause in your honourable Court why the prayer thereof should not be granted and as In duty bound will ever pray Sam'l Whittemore Israel Averell. Immediately upon the close of the war the coast between the Penobscot and Kennebec Rivers, which had been the fron- tier for 140 years, passing through every conceivable form in government and general conditions, rapidly increased in settle- ment. The inhabitants of Townsend up to about that date remained as they had started under Dunbar, almost purely Scotch-Irish. At the latter date (1759) but little of that blood came as accessions to the place, but, instead, the nearly pure- bred English from the older settlements to the westward. CHAPTER X. Municipal History of Boothbay. THE town plan of local self-government is original with the New England Colonies. Nothing precisely like the town, which the colonists established here, had existed in the countries they came from. In England they had Tith- ings and Hundreds, which, in a modified condition, served as the model from which the town was patterned. But these were not laid out with exact territorial dimensions, as corpor- ate bodies, with exactions and requirements to, and powers conferred by, the superior government. Some writers have thought the town form of local government at first must have arisen as much by accident as any way, but there would appear, by a little research, a fairly good reason for the birth of this form of municipality. In the early Colonies themselves various forms of government existed. ISIaryland, Carolina, Georgia, New York, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania (includ- ing Delaware) and New Jersey were proprietary. In most instances the proprietors became tired of their grants and sur- rendered them to the Crown, in which cases they became royal provinces, over which the King appointed governors with absolute power of veto on legislation. Only three Colonies remained proprietary down to the Eevolution, Pennsylvania, Delaware, then become a separate Colony, and New Jersey. The only Colonies organized under a charter government were Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Islalid. These charters gave the colonists the right of choosing their own oflScers and otherwise governing themselves as Ihcy thought best. There- fore, is it any wonder that the New England town and, partic- ularly, the New England town meeting should have had their births in the exact locality where the largest degree of liberty had been exacted and obtained? In 1684 the Massachusetts charter was annulled, but a new one was granted seven years later in which former powers exercised by the colonists were MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 133 somewhat abridged, and she became partly a royal province. Connecticut and Ehode Island were the only Colonies which through all vicissitudes held their charters. Imperfect government has always been in evidence, but the colonial efforts are entitled to much respect, when the highest authority states that England herself never had a stable constitution until after the revolution of 1688. It mat- tered little where the American colonist hailed from, his teach- ing had always been that of an almost inseparable blending of Church and State. Thus the New England town, an innova- tion of wonderful governmental value upon the past, embodied both town and parish of the present day. Boothbay had been a town many years before a strict division occurred between town and parish affairs. Therefore, in the present chapter, covering the municipal action of the town in a partial manner, if the reader finds business matters and ecclesiastical affairs intermixed, it will be because the author finds the same condi- tions in the early records. The early petitions to the General Court for the incorpora- tion of towns usually contained several reasons why the settlers wished for corporate powers. In the Boothbay petition one reason only is given : " We have a desire of settling the Gos- pel among us." No business disadvantage is recited except that one which may be inferred in the matter of inability to legally raise the funds for the support of a minister. Had our plantation records, meager as they probably were, been saved for later reference, some indications of other reasons might appear. This, however, we must accept as the one reason most important in the minds of the petitioners. This view of the case is supplemented by a clause in Samuel McCobb's dep- osition, made eight years after incorporation, wherein he says : " When desirous of obtaining the benefit of order and the enjoyment of the gospel, they applied to the Gen'l Court of the Province and were legally incorporated into a town by the name of Boothbay." If we read the history of the organization of the early Presbyterian Church in Boothbay, which was prepared by John Beath and read before the parish in 1767,^ being approved 1. See first took of parisli records of the early church in Boothhay. 134 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. by it as essentially correct, we again are given the reason for incorporation as expressed in the petition. To the average reader of the present day, when all legal documents are couched in the terms that best convey the idea of the business reasons that prompt them, the action of this little community may appear almost puerile. To those, however, who are conversant with the religious fortitude of those people in Ireland, men- aced by the native Catholic on one side and by the oppressive hand of the Church of England on the other, adhering to the doctrines of Wycliffe, Knox and Calvin with a tenacity that excites admiration ; then planted here in the wilds of America amid another sot of foes, — the warlike savage, a severe climate, almost starvation from a hard, unjdelding soil, — we lose our surprise and no longer wonder that in their adversity their uppermost thought was to obtain relief from the conditions which surrounded them, and that, in their extremity, they should see that relief in the Church where for generations they had placed their faith. On January 31, 1764, the following petition was completed and sent by a commissioner to Boston, to the Royal Governor, Francis Bernard, asking at the hands of himself and the Council incorporation of the plantation of Townsend. On the third of the following November the act of incorporation was granted. Four days previous to the passage the record shows that the petition was read, and it was ordered that the peti- tioners have leave to bring in a bill for the purpose mentioned, with the following careful reservation attached : " But that the incorporating them as a Town is not to be understood to give countenance to any Persons claiming property in these lands." It may be seen by this clause that incorporation did not close the door on the many evils complained of by McCobb and others in their depositions. The way was still open to the claimants to harass the settlers as much in the new town form aa in the old one of a plantation. Nothing was settled in respect to ownership of the land, and those who had hitherto claimed under Drowne, Brown, Tappan, Ludgate, Hathorne and Vaughn still continued to ply their vocation until the adjustment by a commission in 1811, of which a more com- plete statement is made elsewhere. MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 135 Petition for Incorporation of Townsend. Mass. Archives, Vol. 118, p. 22. To His ExcelleDcy Francis Barnard Esq^ Cap* General and Commander in Chief in and Over his Majesties Provence of the Massachusetts Bay in New England together with his Majesties Council &c The Petetion of us the Inhabitants of Townsend So Called Humbly Sheweth — That Whereas we have for a Number of Years Livd in this Place till we have Increased to about the Number of Seaventy five Eatable Poles and as we have a Desire of Settleing the Gospel among us Labour under a Great deal of Difficultie on account of Not Being Incorporated into town Order we would Humbly Beg your Honnours would be pleased to take our Case into Consideration and for that End Set Off as a town the Land Lying on the East Sid of Sheepscut River Extending as fair to the Northerd as a Place Called the Cross River — and from thence about E. S. E. across the Neck to Damariscotty River to the Northly Part of the Land in Possession of Samuel Kelly and So Running Southerly down Damariscotty River to the Sea with all the Islands Ajacient Your Compliance in this will Greatly Oblig Your Very Humble Serv* and we in Duty Bound Shall Ever Pray Given at Townsend this 31»t Day of January - 1764 Natei Tebbets Thomas Kenney Joseph Crosby Joseph hosden Ichabod pinkham James Crommett Samll Adams Joseph Farnum Abner foord John Young Cornelius Cook Willi" Fullerton Ephraim ™farland Joseph Beath James fullerton William Mor[?] Roley Vin[?] Samuel M<=Cobb Samuel Barter John Beath his Will™ O Kenedy mark Andrew Reed Israel Davis Paul Reed James Montgomrey Robert montgumery Joseph Reed Samuel Kenney To his Excellcy Fra^ Barnard Esq' Gov^ of the Province of the mass* Bay, to the hon : his Majesty's Council & the hon^^e House of Representatives The Proprietors of the Kennebeck Purchase from the late For themselves >■ & Partners of the Kennebeck Purchase 136 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. Colony of new Plymouth humbly join in the Prayer of the foregoing Petition. Silv. Gardiner James Pitts Benj. Hallowell W«» Taylor Gershom Flaggy In the House of Rep^^s Octr 31 1764 Read and Ordered that the PeV^ have liberty to bring in a Bill for the purpose mentioned. But that the incorporating them as a Town is not to be under- stood to give countenance to any Persons claiming property in said lands. Sent up for concurrence Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ^ Office of the Secretary. > Boston, Sept. 10, 1902. ) A true copy. r ,^A^ ) Witness the Seal of the Commonwealth. ) SEAL i Wm. M. OlIN, ( -.^v~ S Secretary. Act OF Incorpoeation of Boothbay. Chapter 15, Acts of 1764. Anno Regm ) ( Regis Georgi Tertii Quarto ) V Et Quinto [An*] Act for Erecting a Town in the County of Lincoln, by the Name of Boothbay. Whereas the Inhabitants of Land lying between Sheepscot and Damariscotta River within [the count*] y of Lincoln, known by the Name of Townsend have Petitioned this Court that for the reasons mentioned th[ey may be*] Incorporated into a Town, and Vested with the Powers and Authorities belonging to other Towns For the Encouragement of said Settlement Be it enacted by the Governor, Council and House of Rep- resentatives, Th[at the*] said Tract of Land described and bounded as follows viz*^. Beginning at the most Northerly part of a Bay [called*] the Oven's Mouth, and from thence to run an East South East Course to Damariscotta River ; thence w o o w cr o n o W MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 137 Souther [ly*] down said Eiver to the Sea or Western Ocean, then to run Westerly on the Sea Coast as the Coast lies to the Mou[th of*] Sheepsoot Eiver, then to run Northerly up Sheepscot River between Jeremy Squam Island and Barter's Island to the Cross river at the head of said Barter's Island and from thence over the Water to the most Northerly [part*] of the Oven's Mouth aforesaid with all the Islands in Damaris- cotta Eiver below or to the Southward of the fi[rst*] described line, and also All the Islands lying within Six Miles from the Main Land to the South, between the [afore*] mentioned Rivers of Sheepscot and Damariscotta, be and hereby is erected into a Town by the Name of Boo[thbay*] and the Inhabitants thereof shall have and enjoy all such Immunities and Privi- ledges as other Towns in this Pro[vince*] have and do by Law enjoy. And be it further enacted That Samuel Denny Esq"^ be and hereby is Impowered to Iss[ue*] his Warrant to some Princi- pal Inhabitant of the said Town of Boothbay requiring him in his Majesty's n[ame*] to warn and Notify the said Inhabitants Qualified to Vote in Town Affairs to meet together at such Time and Place in said Town as shall be appointed in said Warrant to chuse such officers as the Law directs, and may be necessary to Manage the Affairs of said Town and the Inhab- itants so met shall be and are hereby Impowered to chuse such Officers accordingly. November S"! 1764 This Bill having been read three several times in the House of Representatives Passed to be Enacted S. White Spkr November d^ 1764 This Bill having been read three several times in Council. Passed to be Enacted A Oliver. Sec November 3 1764 By the Governor I Consent to the Enacting this Bill Era Bernard Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Office of the Secretary. Boston, Sept. 10, 1902. A true copy. r r^A^ ^ Witness the Seal of the Commonwealth. } SEAL > Wm. M. OlIN, ( -—v^^ ) Secretary. * Parchment mutilated. 10 138 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. The early records of Boothbay would present, if no expla- nation existed, a very mixed and unusual form to an investi- gator of them. No warrant for a town meeting is found until the one for a special meeting, called June 24, 1776, is reached. Some random proceedings are recorded from the very first, but they are such as would naturally be best remembered, and form, at most, a sort of incomplete digest of town action. No one can peruse the old first book of records of proceedings without detecting a lack of what must really have occurred. Prior to the date of this first recorded warrant very important action had been taken, including the several meetings of 1775, when the town was put in a state of defense against the British. This first book contains all we have, except some family rec- ords and publications of intentions of marriage, relating to municipal action and other affairs in town between the years 1765 and 1807. This book, on its first page, gives a list of moderators and clerks from 1765 to 1774, inclusive. On the third page are recorded the selectmen and assessors for the first four years. Thus are the affairs of the town irregularly scattered along. The principal officers for several years are recorded on pages by themselves ; then pages of petty officers. Next, recorded sales of pews in the new church, perhaps a bill of sale, marriage intentions, registered marks of cattle owned by the various citizens which were running at large, road sur- veyors' minutes, records of deaths, children's ages and other family records, diagram drafts of land bounds and plans of buildings, — all in mixed and random condition, recorded with- out order or natural sequence. The explanation is that several jeava of our earlj- records were, doubtless, written from memory. Andrew iMcFarland was town clerk from 1765 to 1773, inclusive. Then John Beath held the place for two years, and again IMcFarland was clerk in 1776. He died in 1780. At some date during his clerkship his house, which was located at the Harbor, where the late Isaac C. Sherman had his home, was burned and nearlj' all the town records with it. While no evidence exists, that is known, as to the date of this loss, there are indications in the records themselves that would lead one, who knew such an event did occur, to believe it to have been at about the end of his first term of clerkship, or 1773. MUNICIPAL IIISTOEY. 131 Out of this mixed mass of matter has been extracted, by a great deal of painstaking labor, such facts as are here presented to make up our early municipal records. The first town meet- ing in Boothbay was held February 27, 1765, which may be termed the meeting of organization. Four months had nearly elapsed between the date of the charter and that meeting. No proceedings are found of that meeting, but there is a record of the officers elected. The next action was the meeting of April 12, 1765, and only two votes from that meeting are given : one appropriating five dollars to purchase a town book ; and the other, "That the lott of land left by Edmond Brown, deceased, to the first Settled Minister is to remain to that pur- pose in Boothbay."^ It is evident, however, at the earlier meeting, that of February 27th, there were appropriations made for building a church on the lot where the First Congre- gational Church now stands at Boothbay Center, as well as others to cover the necessary town expenses. Inexperienced in town affairs, they supposed this meeting of February 27, 1765, the early part of the year following incorporation, would stand in its action until the spring of 1766. But in this they erred. Under the laws of Massachusetts Bay they should have held another meeting in March, 1765, elected officers and enacted the necessary legislation for the year ensuing, or, what would have been better, as they had delayed organization some four months, to have waited a little longer and brought the meeting of organization at such a date as would have suf- ficed for the regular annual meeting. But they tripped over the technicality of the law, and the petition sent to the General Court on September 3, 1765, which is inserted and explains itself, shows that they had become cognizant of their error. Petition to Legalize Town Proceedings. Mass. Archives, Vol. 118, p. 154. Province of the ^ To His Excellency Francis Barnard Massachusetts- > Esq'" Governer in Cheif , the Hon^^e Bay in New England ) the Councill & House of Representa- tives in Generall Court Assembled, The petition of the Select Men of the Town of Boothbay in the County of Lincoln Humbly Sheweth, 1. The particulars of tMs conveyance of Brown and the murder of Bryant are given, in another chapter. 140 HISTOKT OF BOOTHBAT. That the Inhabitants of said Town soon after Their Incor- poration by Virtue of a Special Order of this Court Assembled, & chose Town OflScers In February last, that they Imagined the Officers so Chosen might serve a Year Insuring & so neg- lected to Chuse Officers in March following. That the Officers so Chosen have Acted in their several Capacities. Eates have been made a meeting House is Contracted for, & in Building, and all this before Your Petetioners & the Other Inhabitants were sensible of their mistake & that they Had not compleyed with the Letter of the Law. so that without the Aid of Your Excellency & Honours the Town must be Greatly Distressed thereby & all Publick Business Cease. Your Petetioners Therefore Humbly pray that the Town Officers so Chosen in the Month of February may be Declared to be the Officers of said Town untill new ones shall be Chose in March 1766 & that all the Doings of the Officers so chosen in February shall be as Valid and Effectual as if they had been Chosen in March, or that Your Petitioners may be Other wise Releaved as you in your Wisdom shall seem Meet. & as in Duty bound shall ever pray &c Ephraim m'^farland ^ Boothbay 3"^ September 1765 John Beath V Select Men Jn° Alley ) "We the Subscribers being Inhabitants of the Said Town of Boothbay, do Acquise in the Petition of the Within Mentioned Select men of Said Town Dauid Reed Thomas Boyd John Willey Paul Reed Thomas Reed Ebenezer Smeth Joseph Beath Willem ™<=(;;oob Joseph Sloos Joseph Reed Joseph Crosby Samuel Berto Andrew Reed Samuel ™<=Coob James Montgomry Samuel Adams Willem Mour John Reed In the house of Representatives Ocf^ 24 A. D. 1765 Resolved that the Prayer of the foregoing Petition be So far Granted that the Several Town officers Chosen in February last as mentioned in Said Petition, and their Proceedings in Consequence of their Respective offices for the time Past be held good and vallid to all Intents & Purposes as much as tho they had been Chosen in the month of march last & that Said officers retain their respective offices and excersice the same in Said Town untill others shall be Chosen in their room to y^ respective town offices in ye month of march next any thing in ye Law to ye Contray notwithstanding Sent up for concurrence S. White Spkr MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 141 In Council Oct^ 25. 1765— Eead and Concurred. A Oliver Sec Consented to Fra Bernard Commonwealth of Massachusetts. . y Office of the Secretary. > Boston, Sept. 10, 1902. ) A true copy. r ,■>.^^ ^ "Witness the Seal of the Commonwealth. } SEAL S Wm. M. OlIN, ( v^v-^ ) Secretary. The annual meeting of 1766, which was their second, con- sumed two days, March 6th and 7th, yet, outside of election of officers, little of importance is recorded. One hundred and twenty pounds lawful money was voted the Kev. John Murray as a yearly salary ; and John Beath, Israel Davis and Thomas Kenney were chosen a committee to run the town line from Oven's Mouth to the Damariscotta Kiver. The following year one hundred pounds was raised to pay for outlays on the new church and other town expenses. One hundred acres of land was voted as a school lot. The selectmen were directed to employ a schoolmaster for that year. Wild animals were extremely troublesome and injurious to live stock and crops, as well as dangerous to the safety of children or lone persons traveling from point to point through the forests, then practi- cally unbroken in the interior of the town. Six shillings was voted as a bounty for the heads of wolves, and three shillings each for bears and "wild-eattes." The committee for building the church, having completed its duties, was discharged. A pound was built for strays and located at Boothbay Center. The selectmen, as a school committee, employed a teacher, and, as it was the second year after organization and the first provision for a school mentioned in the records, it is believed that the school of 1767 was the first ever taught in this locality. The teacher's name was Faithful Singer, a resident of the town, who married Susanna Knight the following year. He received for his year's teaching, which was fifty-two full weeks of work, £18 13s. 4d. and board. The conditions were such that the town was divided into four districts : the Harbor ; the west side of the town, in the locality of where district No. 8 has in 142 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. more recent times been located ; at Oven's Mouth, and the fourth at Pleasant Cove. In each instance the school was taught in a private house as there were no school buildings yet provided for. The exact house at which the school was kept is given in only one instance, that at the Harbor. There it was held in the old house of William Fullerton, on the ground where the house of the late Benjamin Blair now stands, on Oak Street.^ The terms were of equal length, commencing at the Fullerton house and running seven weeks, then seven more at each of the other three places ; at the end of these twenty- eight weeks another start was made at Fullerton's, this time six weeks, and again the rounds were made, filling out in good measure the year. It might not be amiss in compx-ehending the situation at that time to think of the scarcity of holidays. Teachers' conventions were not existing, for lack of material ; Washington's birthday was an important event to no one but himself ; Thanksgiving was not a regularly established annual festival, though in some years a day was thus observed: the fourth of July had acquired no special significance : and many years were destined to elapse before there would be Ivy, Arbor, Labor and Memorial days. The districting of the town in the manner recorded is suggestive of where the prin- cipal settlements existed. In 1768 a committee was chosen which had as duties the selection of a school lot, also a burying yard and a " menestarel lott," the latter probably meaning a location for a parsonage, for up to that date the Rev. John Murray had been boarding with his cousin, Andrew Reed. The selection of the yard known as the Old Congregational Cemetery followed. The "menestarel lott" was the selection of Pisgah, where the par- sonage was built and Mr. Murray continued to live during his pastorate in Boothbay. This was the lot left by Edmond Brown for the purpose on that August morning in 1739 when he disposed of his property, while calmly aAvaiting the coming of the officers to remove him forever from the scenes of his home and his crime. The bounty on wolves was doubled that year. A committee was selected that brought in a report 1. It is a tradition in the Reed family that the first school in West Boothbay and for some years thereafter was kept in the house of David Reed, which of late years has been the home of his lineal descendant, Albert N. Reed. This is probable. MUNICIPAL HISTOBY. 143 which was largely a recital of the wrongs the colonists were subjected to by the unjust taxation of the Mother Country. It closed with a declaration and enumeration of what articles should not be purchased by the citizens of the town, except they be manufactured at home or in some of the American Colonies. This was unanimously adopted and the prohibitive list follows : "Gold, silver or thread lace of any sort, wrought plate, diamond stone or plate ware, clocks, watches or any silver- smith's or jeweler's ware, sole-leather, sheathing or deck nails, snuff, mustard, broadcloths that cost above ten shillings per yard, muffs, furrs or tippets or any sort of millinery goods, starch, women's or children's stays, fire-engines^ china-ware, silk or cotton velvets, gauze, pewterer's ware, linseed oil, glue, lawns, cambrics, silks,- malt-liquors, spices or teas." An appropriation of fifty-five pounds was voted "to pay up the behindments of last year and other abeatments if any appear." Fifty pounds was appropriated for a schoolmaster in 1769, and it was voted to petition the General Court to establish an academy here. A vote was also passed " That the road leading from the meeting-house to Samuel Adams shall go round the head of the meadow along the ledg so far as the committee thinks proper toward the Oven's Mouth." Another road was voted from near Samuel Adams' house running southerly along the westerly side of "Adams' fresh meadow to a tree on Joseph Erwin's lot," on the road leading from the church to the house of Samuel Adams. Only thirty pounds was appropriated for the total expenses for 1770. A vote was passed establishing a width of two rods for all highways that might be built in town,^ that they should be repaired by rate,^ and that the surveyor's warrant should be sufficient notice to the inhabitants to labor on the highways. The galleries of the church were voted to be " pewed all round the front." In 1771 only thirty pounds was appropriated for public charges, and schools were reduced to three months' teaching by one teacher. The first record of any town debt occurred that year in a vote to keep one hundred pounds at interest for another year. The gallery pews, provided for the 1. No repeal of this vote appears, and continuous compliance with it furnishes a strong precedent for all road building in the three towns. 2. A term formerly used to mean tax. 144 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. previous year, were voted to be sold at " publick Vendue or at privet sail as they shall think most beneficial to the town." But little was transacted in 1772, only ten pounds being raised for all public charges. The appropriation at each annual meeting in those days was made in a lump or gross sum. There were no special appropriations, nor specified amounts for the several regular annual outlays. Everything points to poverty general in the community at about these years. The ten pounds raised would do nothing of consequence. Eoads could not have been improved, and it would appear as though schools may have been for the time discontinued.^ The only outlay that year, specified by vote, was that two horse blocks should be erected front of the church. Twopence was offered for each crow's head. Several town histories make mention of the alarming prevalence of this pest at about the same period. In considering the cause for the extreme general poverty existing at that time, the reader will bear in mind that it was little more than two years previous to the breaking out of the Revolution, the very time when England was pinching the Colonies to the last extremity. There was also another reason, which sentiment might almost forbid one to mention, but it doubtless had its effect. This little handful of people, distant from markets, with practically no salable productions, living as best they could in an isolated locality, with soil, climate, aborigines, distance, everything against them, had built an expensive church and taken upon themselves to support by far the ablest minister at that time in Maine. In 1773 a vote was taken that "the sexton lift a contribu- tion each Saboth day accepting on saccrement Sunday for the present year and any of the inhabitants that Contributes to the value of £1 old tenor & mark his money shal be alowed for it in their rate and the remander after told by two of the Deacons to be delvd to the Treas of sd Town for the use of sd Town." Paul Twombly was voted five pounds for "being at the Truble of Collecting the whole of the Town and County rates " ; 1. Mr. Murray's services were going on at this time. Later, by record, the town appears considerably indebted to him, which debt he failed to collect during his life- time, and the town settled with the administrator of his estate by a committee chosen for the purpose. This debt was probably contracted during these years that the appropriation tails to appear. MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 145 and this has the appearance of being the remuneration for sev- eral and not for a single year's service. A sample vote as to the disposition of a poor child in those days appears in that year's proceedings : "That Mary Whiting is to be bound by the Selectmen to William McCobb till she is eighteen years of age, said McCobb is to find Mr meet and Drink washing and loging and Cloathe for such a printice." The meeting of 1774 simply elected the regular town officers and engaged Joseph Beath to teach three months at ten dollars per month. It seems a veritable calm before the storm which broke with such terrible force over the Colonies the succeeding year. The meetings of 1775, some six in all, are in many respects the most remarkable ever held in town. The occasion demanded of the inhabitants the best there was in them, and well did they respond. The action taken in both 1775 and 1776 finds a more appropriate place in the chapter on the Revolution. Regular business affairs claimed part of the town's attention in 1777. One hundred pounds was raised for roads and, for the first time, they voted that the roads should be freed from the obstructions of bars and gates. Forty-three pounds and four shillings was raised for teaching. Thirty-six dollars of this was to be applied for a master for three months' service, and the balance to be used to employ "school dames," who might be distributed to the several parts of the town as the selectmen might see fit and direct. Highway rates were first made at this meeting and were fixed at four shillings per day for a man, two shillings and sixpence for a "yoak of oxen and chain," one shilling and sixpence for a plow or cart. A thoughtful vote was taken at that meeting, and if it was ever carried out it is a lamentable fact that care was not taken of the result. It follows : " Voted the depositions of the old Inhabitants of this town respecting the first settlement be taken in perpetum." This was nearly five years after McCobb, FuUerton, Beath and Moore had spread their depositions on the Lincoln County records, papers which, by their plain, unvarnished recitals of what occurred in the early days, give us facts in the history of 146 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. the Colony that have never been obtained elsewhere. The school lot of one hundred acres was directed to be sold to John Holton, and a committee was authorized to execute a deed to him. A road from Oven's Mouth to the meeting house, on the east side of Adams Pond, was voted. The committees of inspection and correspondence met and established a scale of prices for labor and town productions, as well as all articles carried in town places of trade, either sale or exchange. The list is long and the articles arc rated in English sterling. In 1778 a bounty of twelve pounds was offered any man who would enlist and "turn out against George and emesaries." The Rev. John Murray was to have his salary increased "if the value of money does not increase." Collectors and treas- urers were to be indemnified in case counterfeit money was passed upon them. A log fence, the first of any kind, was voted for the cemetery at the Center. In 1779 the two com- mittees were called together and very materially raised the schedule of prices for labor and all merchandise previously rated on account of a further depreciation in the currency. This, however, followed a meeting of delegates from Massa- chusetts towns held at Concord July 10th. The continued depreciation of the currency made it necessary in 1780 to raise six hundred pounds lawful money for the gross expenses. A schoolmaster was hired for a year and the town was divided into five districts. On May 3, 1781, a meeting was held, when the first ballots, other than for town officers, were thrown. The war was not finished, nor was the end in sight. The surrender of Corn- wallis did not occur until October 19th following. But it had been seven years since the first Continental Congress had assembled, the scat of hostilities was removed largely to the southern part of the Colonies, and the northern part was expe- riencing a partial relief at that time from British aggression. The extremities of the country were now voting for State officers. The record appears as follows : "Voted John Hancock Esqr. to be Governor and Com- mander in Chefe of the State of Massachusetts B*y, Votes, Twelve for Governor." No opposition appears. Major William Lithgow received MUNICIPAL HISTOKY. 147 thirteen, all that were thrown, for senator. It was voted to waive the right and send no representative to the General Court. Joseph Langdon, one of the board of selectmen, was directed by vote to take a valuation of the town, real and per- sonal, and an enumeration of the inhabitants. This is the first record of a regular valuation being taken. Enumerations of a different character, as a military measure, were taken in 1775. The demoralization of the currency and almost universal pov- erty brought people to a keener realization of their expendi- tures, and necessity drove them to a business-like method of applying their burdens equitably. The appropriation for the year was one thousand "hard dollars," or paper money "a quiflent to 75 for one hard dollar." Ichabod Pinkham, John Daws and William Reed were a committee in 1782 to look after the quantity of ammunition furnished by the General Court, also to inspect the condition of the cannon and small arms. It was voted not to send a representative to the General Court. John Hancock again received the total vote for Governor. It had been an occur- rence in nearly every meeting since 1777 to ask permission of the town to erect either bars or gates across the highways at places to convene the inhabitants. By this date nearly every road must have been again obstructed, if they had been cleared by enforcement of the earlier vote to that effect, which is doubt- ful.^ One prominent citizen living not far from the church, on one of the principal roads, had an article in the annual town warrant to gi'ant him the privilege to " erect a hansum Swingin , gate " across the highway. This was the best proposition ever made the town according to the record. In 1783 it was voted that the board of selectmen should thereafter constitute the committees of correspondence and inspection and safety. A road was accepted from southwest to the northeast of Barter's Island, in the manner that would best convene the inhabitants. Joseph Barter and Samuel Kenney were chosen a committee to lay out the road. For the first time since the assurance of self-government, the town sent a representative to the General Court in the person of Captain 1. It was told the author a few years ago that when action was taken hy the town officers under the vote of 1777, a citizen living at Back River, belonging to one of our oldest and most numerous families, prepared to defend his gate with his trusty old flintlock. 148 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. Paul Reed. He held the distinction of being the town's first representative, though the Rev. John Murray and Capt. Andrew McFarland had performed similar duties before the attainment of independence. For Governor the town cast twenty-nine votes for General Lincoln to four for John Hancock. The public thanksgiving for peace occurred December 11th. The town contracted with Samuel Adams for a set of stocks to be built and set up at the church, for which he received two dol- lars, "he finding the stuff himself." The iron work was done by Benjamin Sawyer for one dollar. A stringent vote was passed as follows : " That no absentees or refugees shall have any liberty to return to this town, neither shall they have any lot or portion with us." For the better enforcement of this act there were now added to the board of selectmen Capt. Paul Reed, Thomas Boyd, Jr., John Murray and Leighton Colbath, to make up the old committee of inspection and safety, with special instructions. Now that independence was attained, the honest, patriotic res- idents, who had endured every privation, had an opportunity for a retrospective view. It can hardly be supposed that kindly feelings existed toward that class denominated " absentees and refugees," and it does not take a great stretch of the imagina- tion to discover a relation between the expression of the meet- ing against them and the addition of a set of stocks to the town furniture. The year of 1784 saw but little of importance transacted. The stocks were removed from the church to the residence of William McCobb. Capt. Paul Reed was again chosen repre- sentative to the General Court, and also delegated with a com- missioner's authority to inquire into disputed titles of land in town." "William McCobb and John Murray were a committee to procure preaching for the summer, and the town raised " thirty pounds for the youse of the Gospel." The following year a road was built from Jeremiah Beath's to intersect the road " leading from Boyd's to the meeting house." Two hundred pounds was appropriated for roads, half to be assessed on the polls and the other half on the real estate. Six shillings was fixed as road wages for a man and three shillings for a pair of oxen. In 1786 a road was laid out from Capt. John Borland's MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 149 to the Back River road ; also another from Captain Harris' to Nelson Mills' residence on Cape Newagen. A pound for strays was authorized near Col. Edward Emerson's, he to be the keeper. A town workhouse was voted to be built and a task- master appointed to oversee those who should be put into it. A committee of three was appointed to employ a grammar school teacher, the first time in the record that this term appears. In 1788 the town tripped again in the proceedings of their annual meeting, as they had done twenty-three years before, and were obliged to petition the General Court for a legalizing act. This was accorded June 9th, and the regular annual meeting was held July 14th, at which meeting it was voted to build a road from the northern end of Cape Newagen Island to Chaples' Harbor. The balance of salary account due the Eev. John Murray was voted to be put in the general assessment. Thirty pounds for summer preaching and one hundred pounds for highways was raised. A road from Pleasant Cove to James Kennedy's residence was accepted. The church common and cemetery lot, which at that time were not divided by streets, were ordered to be surveyed by Robert Randall and staked out. A plan was drawn by the surveyor and appears on page 230, first book of records. The first prohibitive fish law ever passed in town, and the author has been unable to find one of so early a date at any other place in Maine, was passed in 1789. John Murray and William Reed were a committee " To see that the fish called alewives and shad may have a free passage up Campbell's brook, so called, and not to suffer any fish to be taken or interrupted in going up said stream on Saturdays, Sundays and Mondays." The town was that year divided into two collection districts and a collector chosen for each one. William McCobb was directed to draft a petition for the removal of the court from Frankfort' to Wiscasset. A road was laid out on Linekin Neck, from Samuel Montgomery's to John Rackliff's ; and another from Pleasant Cove to Capt. John Borland's. A spe- cial provision of the Linekin road was that the inhabitants be permitted to hang gates along for their convenience. 1. This was tlie plantation name of Pownalboro, now Dresden. 150 HISTORY OF DOOTHBAY. In 1790 William McCobb was chosen town agent, the first appearance of this position in the records. Dr. Edward Creamer was mentioned in the records that year. No physi- cian had previously appeared in them. The custom in vogue in town affairs at this period was to elect town officers at the annual March meeting for the year ensuing, and in addition to them choose a committee of three to investigate the town's finances, review the work of the retiring board of officers, per- form an auditor's duties, adjust any unsettled business hanging over from the previous year, investigate the needs of the ensu- ing year, and, at an adjourned meeting, make a report. Then, having only attended to the election of officers at the earlier meeting, at the adjourned one the appropriations were made and other business attended to. A vote was passed in 1791 as follows : " That all the money raised be appropriated for the verj-- uses they are allowed for and no other use, and assessed in separate bills." For the first time, a single school committee-man was selected, in the person of Samuel Bryer, and exclusive man- agement of the schools was given him. Better methods of business were beginning to be practiced in all town affairs. The system of special appropriations naturally followed the above vote, and in 1792 we find a designated sum for the first time raised for the several usual expenditures. A vote was taken that j'car to see if Maine desired statehood, hy being set off from Massachusetts, and resulted twelve in favor and thir- teen against separation. The General Sessions of the Court met at Hallowell in 1793 and fined the town of Boothbay nine- teen pounds for failure to send a representative to the General Court in 1788.' By 1794 there was such an increase of schol- ars as to require re-districting the town, which was done as follows : No. 1 was composed of Cape Newagen Island ; No. 2, from Capt. Andrew Eeed, Jr.'s, to the house of Euggles Cunningham, with Barter's and Sawyer's Islands ; No. 3, from Oven's Mouth, on both sides, to the meeting house ; No. 4, from the "Widow Wheeler's to Deacon Auld's ; No. 5, from the 1. The small vote thrown on several occasions can only be explained on the ground of Indifference to public affairs. There were in 1791 resident taxpayers to the number ot 182, nearly every one ot whom was a legal voter. MUNICIPAL HISTORr. 151 Widow Montgomery's to John Kackliff's ; No. 6, from Capt. John Holton's to the house of David Keed, 3d, including the families at the head of Campbell's Cove. The school money was to be divided into six equal parts, and each district was to have one part for the maintenance of schools. Each district was to have a school committee of three, and this committee possessed what might be termed exclusive powers, as those powers embraced all that formerly vested in the district agent with those of superintendency added. It is likely that the wishes of the district were consulted as to the composition of those committees, but' it is certain that they were elected in open town meeting, and it does not appear that district meet- ings were held. In 1795 no school money was raised, and a vote was taken that any unexpended money might be used as any ten freeholders in any district might designate. Fifty pounds was borrowed to buy a town stock of ammunition, with a direction that it should be stored in the church garret. Three hundred dollars was raised for schools in 1797. By a vote in 1798 a glimpse may be had of the appearance of the town common and Boothbay Center : " To give Samuel Eackliff and Samuel Adams thirty dollars to clear the town land on the front of the meeting house on westerly side of the road so far as is now fell and burnt, and also to fence the whole of said land on the westerly side of said road to Mr. Fullerton's line, and also to clear the town land on the easterly side joining on said Fullerton's and David Kenniston's." At the meeting of 1799 a new school district was added, and names instead of numbers were given the districts. They were known as Cape Newagen, Back Eiver, Oven's Mouth, Pinkham, Pleasant Cove, Linekin Neck and Harbor. The highway districts were also re-formed and numbered. "With the advent of 1800 came the clearest expression in the matter of town appropriation, freed from English sterling terms, which had appeared since organization. That year was raised for highways, $700 ; for miscellaneous town charges, $200 ; for schools, $200 ; for standard iveights and measures, $30. The eighth school district was formed on the west side of the town and the name given to it was Number Eight, which through all changes still adheres. Population was evidently 152 HISTORY- OF BOOTHBAY. increasing considerably in these years, for two more school districts were formed in 1801, and still another in 1802. In the latter year the district committees were reduced to one in each district, and that one had all the powers formerly held by the three. No superintending school committee for the town appeared until 1818. In 1803 two suits were brought against the town, one for damage at Wildcat Bridge, which was not railed, and the other was a pauper case with Newburyport. No lawyer residing in town, Jeremiah Bailey, Esq., of Wiscasset, was chosen town agent, with full power of attorney. In 1804 Cape Newagen asked for a ferry, but the article was dismissed. In 1806 some of the school districts were divided, and it was voted to ' procure a tmnk or chest in which to keep the town's books and papers, — this was the first town "safe." Crows had become so troublesome that a bounty of ten cents per head was offered. An instance may at this point be given of the compensation of town officers in those days. Whoever has examined the first book of Boothbay records can hardly fail to admire the fine penmanship of Jonathan Sawyer, clerk. Many of the pages were artistically bordered with naiTow scroll by his pen. With the possible exception of Doctor Rose, who took the clerkship in 1807, no records from organization to the present show the tilne and care that these do. As Mr. Sawyer was retiring from the clerkship, which he had held for thirteen years, during which time he had received no compensation for his services, it was now voted him in a lump sum, for the entire term, the amount of thirty-six dollars. There appears of record simply routine work during the years 1808, 1809 and 1810.1 In 1811 the town appropriations exceeded any previous year. One thousand dollai's was raised for roads, six hundred for schools and one thousand for town charges of a miscella- neous character. The road from Church Square, now so- called, at Boothbay Harbor, to whei-e East Boothbay Village now stands, was built, about as it now exists except that it went over the hill. The April and May meetings for 1812 1, Some ecclesiastical action was taken in these years, which will appear under its proper head ; and some extraordinary action in the way ol petitioning the Execu- tive to remove the existing embargo will also appear elsewhere. Robert Harley Richard Poor Stephen Pierce Joseph Huskins Warren Poor Peter Westman Ijfivi Spoiford Joseph Spofford Sa)nuel Pierce — rent lieujamiu Pinkham Thomas Coolen Est. of Warren Pierct Samuel Pierce Loring Pierce Store— T. *S: N. Marv Thonuis Marr. Jr. Hainiali Pierce Nahum B. Marr Jiiritel M.irr H( )UTHPOUT IN ■-•1 Hiram Marr 4:\ Robert Cameron ■J'J John Rand 44 George W. Pierce, ■j;i Henry Rand 4r> George W. Pierce ■24 Alexander Tibbetts 4() Parsonage '2.') Samuel Rand 47 Methodist Clmrch ■2(i- 7 George "Webber 48 SchooUiouHe ■28 Thomas Pierce 41t Daniel Pierce ■211- !0 Amherst Spofford no William Pierce :il Hendricks Head Light :.i Charles Pierce :;2 William Orne .'yj James Orne ;i.T James Orne :,-A George Love :54 Mark Rand .-^ Thomas Williams :!.") •William Tierce r>5 Gilbert Love ;->ti Silas Pierce .v; Samuel Harris :iT Moses Pierce 57 Isaac Brewer :j8 Joseph Haddocks .')8 Alfred Brewer :«» Robert Maddocks :>'.) Cameron Building 4(1 John Maddocks (>i) Daniel Cameron 41 Widow Webster (ii John Cameron 42 Moses Jcwett 111' (Jitmernn Biiihiing i«5(; !'>:'> Store— Cyrus McKowii St; Henry Gray ti4 Store — Miss McKown 87 Christopher Ileckei iiri- ) Cyrus McKown and Sisters SS David Pierce (17 Daniel R. Matthews 89 Joseph Pierce (i8 Jonathan P. Thompson 90 Miles Pierce (ia Dyerk Rose 111 Franklin Jones 70-1-2 William Thompson il2 William Gray 73 William Nickerson !i;i William Hai ris 74 Willard Lewis 04 ■' 7.-) Robert McKown !).-. Ebenezer Lundy 7(i Robert G. Decker ;i(> Albion Alley 77 Alden Moore 117 Schoolhouse 78 S'reemaii Grover ;»8 John Alley 70 Store and P. 0.~F. rover ii'.i David Preble 80 Klbridge Horn 100 Joshua D. Cushniai 81 George Love. Jr. 101 William Brown 82 Eben F. Decker 102 Miles Orne x; William Decker io:i Jacob Orne m George Pierj;c 104 William Cameron S.". Kli Nelson 10.-, Jerry >'el.soit MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 153 show only routine matters, but one on July 7th presented this article : " To take into consideration the alarming and defenseless condition of the town's inhabitants against the enemy or any plundering parties which may invade the town upon the sea- coast harbors, or any other part thereof, or take such measures thereon that the town may think proper." Under this article a committee was chosen, a petition for aid drawn and forwarded to the President, and other matters acted upon which will more properly appear in another place. In 1813 nothing appears of record, outside the war measures and routine affairs, except the action taken in regard to the poor. They were bound out to service by vote of the town in the discretion of the selectmen. In 1815 the selectmen were directed to petition the General Court to relinquish the claim of the State to land in this town. John McClintock was em- ployed to suryey the entire town, including the lots or tracts claimed by each settler, and make plans of the same, in con- formity with a resolve of the General Court, passed February 11, 1811, entitled "An act for quieting settlers on lands in Bristol, Edgecomb," etc. For this service Mr. McClintock was voted six hundred dollars.^ School districts underwent a revision of lines in 1816, reaching the number of sixteen. In the annual meeting of that year occurred a discussion and strife over the question whether or not swine should be permitted to run at large, resulting in the full, unhampered liberty of that animal. On May 20th the question of statehood again came up in this form : " Shall the Legislature be requested to give its consent to the separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts proper, and to the erecting of said District into a separate State." The vote was ten in favor to fifty-two against the proposi- tion. On September 2d the same question came up in similar form, resulting in sixty-four to twelve against separation. A school committee first appears in 1818, with the following duties : to examine candidates for teaching, to visit and exam- 1. Though the town records show the contract was made with Mr. McClintock, snch old deeds as make reference to a plan cite a certain one and a survey made in 1815 by Dr. Daniel Hose. Both parties lived in the same part of the town, in fact were neighbors, and both were surveyors. The fact can be reconciled only by assum- ing that for some reason Mr. McClintock employed Dr. Rose to do the work, and that the plan was allowed to bear the Doctor's name. 11 154 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. ine as to the progress of the several schools, with the provision that no teacher should receive pay from the selectmen until their bill for services was approved by the committee. A road loading from Jeremiah Beath's to and intersecting the road from the Harbor to Murray's mill was accepted and ordered built. In 1819 a meeting was called for July 26th to act on the following article : " Is it expedient that the District of Maine shall become a separate and independent State, on the terms and conditions provided in an act entitled ' an act relating to the separation of Maine from Massachusetts proper, and forming the same into a separate and independent State.'" To this article a vote of ten in favor of statehood and thir- ty-six against it was cast. The adoption of the resolution favoring statehood resulted in the District, showing Boothbay to be somewhat out of line with the popular feeling elsewhere. Another meeting was called for September 1st "To choose one or more delegates, to meet delegates from other towns within the District of Maine, in Convention at Portland, on the second Monday of October next, for the purpose of framing a constitution, or form of government for the said District." Dr. Daniel Kose and Major John McKown were chosen delegates from Boothbay. On December 6th another meeting was called to act on the constitution which had been framed by the convention, and a total of thirty-eight votes were all thrown in approval of it. With the year 1820 came statehood to the District of Maine. Indications may be observed that it had its effect on the town action by stimulating it in efforts to improve in municipal methods. Individual appropriations were continued ; the collection of taxes was fixed on a percentage, varying with the year and the conditions of collecting ; the town treasurer was the only officer who labored for a fixed compensation; the number and limits of the school districts remained as they had been in recent years ; the highway districts were revised in form and a new schedule of prices for labor was fixed in town meeting. In 1823 a committee was chosen to prepare a remonstrance against the division of Lincoln County. Cattle at large had become so injurious to all crops that a town meet- MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 155 ing was held resulting in a vote forbidding the practice. A special meeting that year was called on November 10th and one hundred dollars appropriated to the relief of the sufferers from the fire at Wiscasset and Alna. In 1824 a stone bridge was voted for Sawyer's Island, and Nicholas T. Knight chosen to superintend the work. That year the record shows the first vote of the town directing the highway surveyors to keep the roads clear in winter. In 1827 an indictment was found against the town for a defective road along the east side of the Harbor leading to Spruce Point. That year was the first to adopt a regular auditing system of town accounts, but instead of a single auditor a committee of three was chosen. The road from John Love's house to the middle bridge, near Edmund Wilson's, was built in 1828. In 1829 a law permitting license for retail liquor selling had just passed the Maine Legislature. A strong contest at the annual meeting was had, for the law was one of local option. It resulted in favor of license. That year a road was built fi'om Major John McKown's to the Cape, on the east side of Cape Newagen Island. In 1831 the road about the head of Campbell's Cove was built with stone, William Kenniston doing the work by contract. That year the town petitioned the Legislature for the privilege to purchase the lots known as town lot and Common, providing the title was found to be in either Maine or Massachusetts, or jointly in them ; and the following year Marshal Smith was chosen agent to perfect the title in these pieces of property. At about this time many roads were being accepted on the condition that they should be no expense to the town. It is quite evident that some of these were never built. The first individual auditor of town accounts was chosen in 1833, in the person of Willard Thorpe, In 1834 a road was accepted from Keed's meadow bridge, running southerly, to a point near the line between the FuUerton and McFarland farms, and another from Sawyer's Island bridge, through land of Ichabod Pinkham, to Benjamin Hodgdon's. In 1835 it appears that the poor were sold to the lowest bidder, to be clothed, fed and provided with medical attendance to the sat- isfaction of the selectmen. On these conditions they were 156 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. struck off to John Hodgdon, 2d, at forty-nine cents per week for each one. An action at that date was that the school com- mittee should decide on what text-books were to be used in the schools and post a notice of their decision in each church. An event occurred in 1837 which a few persons still remember. At that time it had no precedent and probably it will never have a repetition. The distribution of the surplus revenue in the United States treasury is referred to. Under the act entitled by the Federal Government " to regulate the deposit of the public money," a distribution took place from the Federal treasury to each State treasury. It being a per capita distribution, based on the preceding census, each town received its proportion from the State. A vote to elect an agent for this town to demand and receive of the State its share resulted in the choice of William Carlisle. At a later meeting John Leishman was chosen treasurer of the fund, giv- ing bonds in the sum of eight thousand dollars. The town action, after deducting three per cent, for expenses, was to allow the treasurer of the fund to " Loan to each master or mistress or head of a family in the town of Boothbay, without interest, in equal proportion according to the number of persons in their several families, by giving safe and ample surety to the treasurer of said town, to pay the same sum to the treasurer of said town, whenever called for by the treasurer of Maine, according to said act." The agent was directed to call on Judge Weston and ascer- tain if the town method of proceeding was regular. On February 26, 1838, a meeting was called to fix a plan for dis- tribution of the surplus revenue, it not having been distributed under the directions of the year before. John Leishman was continued as treasurer and distributor, and it was directed that he should be governed by the census taken by William Green- leaf, but if any person was not properly enumerated, then Mr. Leishman was empowered sole judge as to whether or not the person was entitled to a share. He commenced the Monday following this meeting, at the schoolhouse at Hodgdon's Mills, to pay two dollars to each person, or to parents or guardians in the case of minors, to the inhabitants of school districts Nos. 3, 5, 6 and 12. On Wednesday at the schoolhouse at the western side of the Harbor to districts 7, 20 and 9. On MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 157 Friday to the inhabitants on Cape Newagen Island, at Major John McKown's. Monday at Willard Thorpe's for districts 8, 2, 18, 13 and 19. Thursday at Capt. Nathaniel Pinkham's for districts 4 and 10. The agent was instructed when he went after the money to change one thousand dollars for bills under the denomination of five dollars, and to get Wiscasset money. In 1839 Capt. William McCobb bid off the poor at eighty- five cents each per week, with usual conditions, except that he was permitted to let out individuals as he saw fit. In 1840 appropriations were $1,200 for highways, $1,800 for poor and other town charges, and the legal limit on schools. The town that year was divided into four collection districts, each one to be composed of five school districts and furnishing its own collector. On February 12, 1842, the first dismemberment of Booth- bay occurred. Cape Newagen Island was incorporated as the town of Townsend. No direct allusion is made to the separa- tion in the Boothbay records, which indicates there could have been no contest or complicated settlement of affairs between the two towns. In November it was voted to petition the Legislature for separate representation. A vote in 1844 was passed " that two of the selectmen go together to every house and take the valuation on the spot." The unique wording of this vote, and the fact that the records disclose no other so direct, convinces the author that this was the first actual, busi- ness-like valuation ever taken in Boothbay. An article to see if the town would purchase the Congregational church was dis- missed in 1845. That year, the first since 1777, it was voted to direct the highway surveyors to remove the gates and bars then across the highways throughout the town. It was voted to establish a liquor agency with some person, not a trader, and licenses were refused retailers that year. In 1847 seven hundred dollars was appropriated to build a townhouse. Eobert Spinney, Marshal Smith, Ammi Pierce, Daniel Knight and Thomas Hodgdon were chosen a committee to draft a plan, receive proposals, contract for building, arrange terms of payment and select the location, the town having voted that it should be upon the Common. It was 158 HISTOKY OF BOOTHBAY. specified that it should be completed for the September meet- ing. The meeting of September 13, 1847, for the election of State and county officers, was the first held in the house. In 1848 it was voted to allow the balance of the surplus revenue to remain to the credit of the town. A road from the house of Benjamin Giles to intersect the road leading past the house of Charles Giles was built that year. In 1851 the road running along the shore on the east side of the Harbor was discontinued. In 1853 a road was laid out from Mill Cove to the land of Andrew Berry ; one hundred and fifty dollars was voted in assistance of a bridge between Barter's Island and Thomas Hodgdon's Island ; the sale of liquors was licensed ; but an article to raise one thousand dollars for the support of high schools was dismissed. In 1854 it was voted to permit the Free Will Baptist Society to build a church on the Common. A road on Sawyer's Island to the bridge and another across Hodgdon's Island were accepted. It was also voted to discon- tinue the old road from Joseph Lewis' place, at the head of Adams' Pond, to Jonathan Morrison's as soon as the county road should be completed. In 1855 roads as follows were accepted : from the west end of Barter's Island bridge to Samuel Lewis' barn ; from near the old red schoolhouse to the top of the hill near Beniah Dolloff' s house ; from William Hodgdon's north line to S. G. Hodgdon's house ; from Parker Wilson's store to intersect the old road near David Xewbe- gin's store ; from Elbridge Love's to John McClintock's south dwelling house. A road from McClintock's to Samuel Brewer's was refused by the town, but granted by the county commis- sioners on appeal. In 1857 a committee of four was added to the board of selectmen, empowered to purchase and stock a town farm, move the poor upon it and employ necessary help to carry it on. The meeting refused a motion to have the annual town report printed. In 1858 a road was accepted from Southport Bridge to Benjamin Hodgdon's east line,^ to intersect the road leading to the schoolhouse. That year sixty-two votes, the 1. The first bridge between Southport and Boothbay crossed Townsend Gut from the mainland at Oak Point, now so-called, to the business establishment of Major John McKown, which in recent years has been the Southport steamboat landing. MtJNICIPAL HISTORY. 159 total thrown, were in favor of the adoption of the prohibitory law just passed by the Legislature, the license provision in the law receiving no support. In 1859 the town refused to receive as a gift the bridge from John Reed, 2d's, leading to Hodg- don's Island, but appropriated two hundred dollars toward making Campbell's Cove bridge free. A road from Samuel Murray's to intersect the road leading to Hodgdon's Mills was accepted. In 1860 the town refused to accept either the Campbell's Cove bridge or the one leading from Hodgdon's to Barter's Island. The road, however, from the west end of the Cove bridge, to intersect the road leading to the Center, was accepted. The townhouse was moved from the east side of the Common to its present location. In 1862 nearly every special request was refused, the regular annual expenditures only being voted. War expenses were beginning to be severely felt. In 1863 a road from John N. Seavey's to the town road was accepted. In 1864 appeared the first printed town report. In 1865 the road on McKown's Point was accepted, also McKown Street at the Harbor. Three hundred dollars was voted in aid of repairs on bridge from John Reed, 2d's, to Hodgdon's Island. In 1867, in support of a petition by Allen Lewis and others, in an effort to have Boothbay made a port of entry and a custom house established, an appropriation of five hundred dollars was made, and a committee chosen, con- sisting of Robert Montgomery, M. E. Pierce, S. K. Hilton, William E. Reed and John McClintock. In 1868 it was voted that petitioners for new roads should pay all expenses incurred when the roads asked for were not approved by the town. The county commissioners having been appealed to by the residents of Barter's Island, and upon a hearing having granted a ferry, the town, at a special meet- ing in November, voted to build a bridge on to that island in lieu of the ferry decreed by the commissioners. This action, however, in the spring of 1869, was reconsidered, whereby the town had voted to build a bridge from Barter's Island to the mainland, north of Hodgdon's Island, and it now voted to build a bridge from Barter's to Hodgdon's Island. Boothbay having been made a port of delivery, resolutions were passed in 1871 and spread upon the records, extending 160 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. thanks to Senators Blaine and Hamlin and Col. Orin McFadden for their efforts. In 1872 the road easterly from the marine railway was built. Five hundred dollars was appropriated to procure a survey for a railroad to intersect the Knox and Lin- coln Railroad, and Luther Maddocks, George B. Kenniston and Alden Blossom were chosen a committee for the purpose. In 1873 fifteen hundred dollars was raised for rebuilding Hodgdon's Island bridge. An effort to get a high school building at the Harbor was defeated. In 1874 roads were accepted on the north and west sides of Barter's Island. School districts 1 and 7 united for the purpose of maintaining a sys- tem of free graded schools,^ and the next year districts 3 and 12, at East Boothbay, united for the same purpose. As an outcome of the union of districts 3 and 12, a town meeting was called which erected a district midway between the two villages, known as No. 12, with the old red schoolhouse as their building, which continued until after the division of the town. In 1875 it was voted to sell the town's bonds to an amount not exceeding $25,000 for the purpose of paying the town debt, $2,000 of this amount to fall due in five years, and ten per cent, of the remainder to be paid annually thereafter. In 1877 Boothbay appropriated one hundred and seventy-five dol- lars to assist in grading and purchasing cable to meet one-half the expense of a ferry to Southpoil. George B. Kenniston, Chapman N. Reed and John Montgomery were chosen a com- mittee to investigate the expense of and obtain designs for a soldiers' monument. A road from John Grimes' house to Ocean Point was accepted, five hundred dollars appropriated for its building, and the contract awarded to William Kennis- ton. A road was built from Allen Lewis' old place to the lobster factory, and a road across the land of Isaac Pinkham. In 1878 an appropriation of two thousand dollars was made for a soldiers' monument and the former committee, with the board of selectmen, was authorized to purchase, locate and set the same. The road from the store of Miles Pierce to the house of T. J. Emerson was built. By a vote of eighty-three 1. School district No. 1 appeared at the Harhor alter the island of Cape Newagen hecame incorporated as Townsend. Previously it had existed there. The Boothhay districts were then revised and Nos. 1 and 7 were at this time the districts on either side of the Harbor. MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 161 to sixty-three, at a special meeting in May, the town refused to buy fire apparatus for Boothbay Harbor. In 1879 the town contracted with the Maine Ice Company to pay them two hun- dred dollars annually for the term of ten years for the exclu- sive use of a road across the company's dam at Campbell's Cove, the company to keep the road and dam in good order, and the town to have a further free use for twenty years. The first free high school appropriation was made in 1880 of two hundred and fifty dollars. The streets at the Harbor were straightened, from the old schoolhouse to the store of D. W. Hodgdon, and from Joseph Chambers' house to the Wilson store. A road was accepted from the schoolhouse in No. 5 to the house of William Bennett. The lockup lot, so-called, was given to the Engine Company and one hundred dollars to assist in building an engine house. In 1881 abatements of tax were generally made on property formerly engaged in the porgy oil business, now rendered nearly worthless from scarcity of fish. Permission was granted the Boothbay Telegraph and Telephone Company to run lines from the Harbor to East Boothbay and to the Knickerbocker Works. It was voted to forever reserve for a public park the land at Boothbay Center, south of Maho- ney's and Welch's lots, and bounded on the east and south by the town road and on the west by the county road. In 1882 the Mahoney lot was purchased and an exchange made for the Welch lot, and both were added to the north end of the Com- mon. Cross Street at the Harbor was built. In 1883 and 1884 town action was simply routine. In 1885 the vault was added to the townhouse at a cost of five hundred dollars, and the Jason Pinkham lot at the Center was repurchased. In 1886 the following roads were built : from Townsend Marine Railway to house of Frank Albee ; from Martin Brewer's house to house of George Brewer, 2d, near Echo Lake ; and straightening the street from the Wilson store to the store of K. H. Richards ; the street was broadened from the Sec(Jnd Congregational Church to the residence of I. C. Sherman. In 1887 the town had printed a special report containing the inventory and valuation of polls and estates as of record, April, that year. It included a summary statement of the town's financial standing, a schedule of vessel property owned 162 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. in town, and was a work of much value, bringing to the atten- tion of the citizens many omissions and irregularities of valua- tion. After being four times refused by town action, the county commissioners, on appeal, ordered McClintock Street, at the Harbor, built that year. The same season roads were built from the town way to Paradise Point ; from Horace Pinkham's to John H. Welsh's, ending at the town way near the house of Charles Rush ; from the steamboat landing at Ocean Point to the road leading to John Grimes' house. At the last annual meeting before division, in 1888, roads were accepted from West Street to the house of Levi Burns ; from near the house of Allen Lewis, on Atlantic Street, to the fac- tory of the Winslow Packing Company ; from the house of Payson Tibbetts, Back River, to the Isaac Hutchings' place, Dover ; from the house of Gi'anville J. Seavey, East Booth- bay ; and widening and straightening the road at West Harbor from Mill Cove to Campbell's Cove. While the author trusts his readers may appreciate this chapter for what it contains, he is well aware that many impor- tant acts of the town have either been treated in a cursory manner or omitted altogether. While imperfect work should bear its share for all shortcomings, it must be remembered that this chapter is made up from the records as they exist, and much that makes the clearest imprint on the memory as it is passing in a deliberative assembly, like a town meeting, shows but slightly in the record ; and much that causes a great amount of preliminary discussion scarcely appears thereon. Perhaps no more fitting place will appear to draw attention to town action in the construction of roads than the present. The road system in any locality, from the date of colonization to the present, is controlled by the same variety of conditions that influence its citizens. The longer the stretch of time between the one point and the other the more complex become the duties of the investigator. A century and a quarter practically intervenes between 1764 and 1888. Boothbay had during that time belonged to two States and assisted in fighting through three wars, in two of which she became an object of attack by MUNICIPAL HISTOHY. 163 the enemy. Her colonists settled along the shore, at favorable spots, knowing but little about, and deriving but little from, the interior of the town. Her citizens for a long term of years obtained their support from the sea. To roads they were to some extent indifferent. One citizen, born in 1814, has related to the author that, when of suitable age to possess a general acquaintance over town, there were but four residents who owned a riding wagon. The only highway ratings in the matter of wages for team labor, showing in the records up to 1860, were for oxen. Roads, from the most primitive condi- tions until they reach perfection, present simply an example of evolution, governed by the wants and requirements of the pop- ulation. The leading industries of a people have a controlling influence over them. With these thoughts, founded upon the facts, there seems little wonder that roads were so totally neg- lected in early times and have become so great an expense in later years. There was much road action in Boothbay's early meetings, but roads which were accepted, in most cases, were mere bridle paths, cut off by gates and bars, and entirely impassable for a modern carriage. The author has noted many instances, in the earlier records, where a road was laid out, reported and regularly accepted, and the presumption would be natural that building followed, when to his surprise the same road, a few years later, is again before a meeting for acceptance. This occurs several times in some instances, until it becomes bewil- dering as to what the eventual action of the town was. It is in cases of this kind, where the subject is befogged by irregular town action, where most omissions occur. In this chapter municipal action has been almost entirely omitted at four material periods : during the Eevolutionary War, again in the War of 1812, the part relating to military action from 1861 to 1865, and the particular votes upon which the petitioners based their action in 1888. In each of the fore- going instances town proceedings have been withheld from the mass presented, to make in each case a separate chapter. The municipal record, therefore, closes with 1888, the year of the water contest and the last of united municipal action of the mainland of Boothbay. CHAPTER XI. Land Claims and Claimants. THE foundation of the claims ^ and the naanner of their descent will first be given that the reader may proceed with a clearer understanding of the difficulties experi- enced by the settlers in Lincoln County, and particularly those of Boothbay. 1 . — The Brown claim is founded on the purchase by John Brown, of New Harbor, July 15, 1625, from the two Wawe- noc sagamores, Capt. John Somerset and Unnongoit, of the tract described as follows : "Beginning at Pemaquid Falls and so running a direct course to the head of New Harbor, and thence to the south end of Muscongus Island, and so running five and twenty miles into the country north and by east, and thence eight miles northwest and by west, and then turning and running south and by west to Pemaquid where first begun." The consideration for this purchase was fifty beaver skins. These limits would include, as now constituted, all of Noble- boro, Damariscotta, Bremen and Jefferson, and the greater part of Bristol and Newcastle. John Brown died about 1670, in either a place very near where Damariscotta Village stands, or in Boston, at the home of his son. He left three children, John Brown, Jr., Elizabeth, who married Richard Pierce, of Marblehead, and Margaret, who married Sander Gould. In 1660 Brown deeded to Gould and his wife a tract eight miles square, nearly in the center of his purchase. The Goulds had 1. Eeferenee to the land troubles experienced by the settlers may be made to Will. Hist. Me. II, 623; Cushman's Sheepscot, Chapters I, II. V, VII, XVI, XVU, XIX, XX, XXI; Johnson's Pemaquid, Chapters XXXV, XXXVI; but more largely than from any of the foregoing may the leading tacts, as well as the general conditions, be obtained from the printed report of the commission appointed to adjust the dif- ficulties in 1811 ; this report is, however, very rare, there being but few in existence. LAND CLAIMS AND CLAIMANTS. 165 three daughters, Margaret, Mary and Elizabeth. Margaret married William Stilson, who was killed by the Indians, but left two children, James and Margaret, who the next century made claim of the lands. The daughter, Margaret Stilson, married William Hilton, who was killed by the Indians, but to whom the larger part of those bearing the name of Hilton in this part of the State trace their descent. The old Indian deed of Brown's was recorded at Charlestown, Mass., December 26, 1720, and at the York registry, in Maine, August 3, 1739. It is supposed the deed was burned in the Boston courthouse in 1748. 2. — The Drowne claim descended from the Pemaquid pat- ent to Aldsworth and Elbridge, February 20, 1631. Elbridge received it entire by survivorship. In time it was inherited by his son John, and he devised it to his brother Thomas, who lived at Pemaquid and held early courts there. In 1650 Thomas mortgaged Damariscove and Monhegan to Eichard Kussell, selling one-half of the patent to Paul White for £200. They, jointly, in 1653, conveyed their interests to Eichard Eussell and Nicholas Davidson. Eussell then sold Davidson his share, and Shem Drowne, marrying an heir of Davidson and obtaining power of attorney from the other heirs, came into possession of the claim and worked it for a revenue many years. The Drowne claim embraced all of the present towns of Bristol, Bremen and Damariscotta, with a part of Newcastle and Nobleboro. 3. — The Tappan claim covered nearly all of the present towns of Newcastle and Damariscotta, extended to Edgecomb and included a part of Nobleboro, also in the vicinity of Mount Sweague (now Montsweag in Woolwich), and, perhaps, more on the west of Sheepscot Eiver. This claim rested upon three deeds from Indian sagamores to Walter Phillips, in 1661, 1662 and 1674. Phillips conveyed all his right and title in the property, in 1702, to Eev. Christopher Tappan, of New- bury, Mass. Tappan had one son and three daughters. On September 11, 1746, he deeded one-fourth of his property to his son, and September 16th, shortly before his death, con- veyed the remainder jointly to his daughters. Besides his purchase of Phillips, Tappan bought out the heirs of Mason 166 HI8T0KY OF BOOTHBAY. and Gent and some others on the Sheepscot. He sent parties to take possession and live upon his lands in 1718. He made efforts to purchase claims of heirs of other settlers, who had been driven out by the Indians the previous century, but failed to do so. 4. — The Noble ^ claim, which was a source of great annoy- ance to the early inhabitants of Boothbay, rested upon the fol- lowing : Mary, daughter of Sander and Margaret (Brown) Gould, married John Coats ; they had one child, a son, Prin- sent Coats. He sold his claim, whatever it might amount to, to William Noble, mentioning, in particular, the eight-mile- square tract. He, doubtless, had retained his interest in this as the others of the family, and his mother's share was a one- third interest. This descended by will from Noble to his heirs, and they were very active in pressing their claims, in many instances where there was no semblance of likelihood that they ever extended, even if they had an equity anywhere. 5. — The Vaughn claim originated with William Vaughn, who established himself at Damariscotta Mills in Dunbar's time. His connection there has been previously referred to. It has also been mentioned that the century before there lived at Damariscotta and Newcastle, as now known, four families : Walter Phillips and John Taylor on the Newcastle side, and John Brown, Jr., and Eobert Scott on the east side. It has also been noted that Phillips conveyed his interests to Tappan. Now Vaughn sought out all the heirs he could find of Taylor, Brown and Scott and purchased their interests. John Brown, Jr., sold on October 30, 1734, a large tract east and south of the present village of Damariscotta, and the following year, on December 8th, made a further deed of all he had conveyed the previous year and, in addition, the whole of the old John Brown tract, regardless of the rights of any of the other heirs of his grandfather. In 1741 Tappan brought an action of ejectment against Vaughn, but judgment was given for the defendant, and on appeal judgment was confirmed by the Superior Court of York County. 1. James Noble was the heir of William, who purchased the claim ol Prinsent Coats. In 176B James Noble married the widow ot William Vaughn, with whom the Vaughn claim originated. The town of Nobleboro, much against the wishes of its inhabitants, took its name when incorporated, November 20, 1788, from Arthur Noble, heir of James. LAND CLAIMS AND CLAIMANTS. 167 6. — The Hathorne claim depended upon the deed of Kobin Hood to Henry Curtiss, in 1666, of the west side of the penin- sula between the Sheepscot and Damariscotta Rivers, which became Boothbay ninety-eight years later. Curtiss conveyed his interests to one Hathorne, whose heirs kept the claim alive and annoyed the settlers greatly with it. Hathorne's heirs evidently laid claim to the whole of Boothbay, but on account of rival claimants withdrew to the west side of the town. 7. — The Plymouth Company's^ interests on the Kennebec became vested in a body or company of men known as the Kennebec Purchasers. Silvester Gardiner got several of the Townsend settlers to take deeds of him, also he and others of his company leased lands on Linekin Neck. By observing the petition for incorporation by the Townsend settlers, it may be noted that it is endorsed by " the proprietors of the Kennebec Purchase from the late colony of New Plymouth, Silv. Gardi- ner, James Pitts, Benjamin Hallowell, William Taylor, Ger- shom Flagg." Reading between the lines of this petition, it is apparent that this group of wealthy landholders on the Kennebec held a whip suspended over the heads of the Townsend inhabitants. 8. — The Ludgate claim was confined entirely to the Booth- bay lands. It conflicted with that of Hathorne and that of derivation through the Plymouth Company as well. It was represented by John Ludgate, of Boston, and had descended to him by the will of one Champnoi, who was probably a descendant of Henry Cuiiis. In September, 1737, he laid out lots about the water front of fifty acres each, reserved ten acres ior a church, training field and burying ground, and ordered that the first settled minister should share equally in the meadows with the first settlers. One hundred acres was to be given the first minister, and an additional one hundred acres for the use and support of the ministry. The fifty-acre lots were offered on terms of credit to the settlers, with the condi- tions that, from the second payment, one hundred pounds might be appropriated toward building a church, and thirty pounds thereafter, annually, from the payments to aid in sup- 1. An excellent idea may be obtained of all facts relating to the Kennebec Purchase, in an article by Robert Hallowell Gardiner, in Me. Hist. Coll., Vol. II, pp. 269-294. 168 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. porting a minister. William McCobb's deposition reinforces the facts here presented, but throws no further light on them. The plan he saw in 1770, or later, was probably the old one made in 1737. It is doubtful if Ludgate ever effected many, if any, sales. By examining the bounds of the various claims it will be seen that in the afflicted towns, at the north and east of our own, the Brown, Drowne, Tappan, Vaughn and Noble claims conflicted, either by overlapping one another or covering entire the same tract ; while in the towns of Boothbay alone, the claims of Noble, Hathorne, Ludgate and the Kennebec Proprietors, practically, all claimed the same territory. It appears that Hathorne and Ludgate settled their differences by Hathorne confining himself to the western part while Ludgate took the eastern. No compromise between claimants, other than this, appeared. Noble seems to be coupled with the Hathorne interests at times, and from his activity and inclina- tion for that kind of work, it may be that additional to his own claims, which were stretched into this locality without the semblance of a reason for doing so, he may have purchased an interest in Hathorne's or it may have been given him upon a plan of percentage, the Hathorne claimants recognizing his ability and success in blackmailing the destitute inhabitants. The reader may find particular references to these hard- ships in the depositions which have appeared in a former chapter. Previous to incorporation the oppression existed, but of that we have no record except in the depositions mentioned. As the country became settled ^nd improved these claims were pressed with increased energj' for the reason that there was a larger field to work and more revenue to be harvested. Town action in Boothbay occurred at three periods as follows : " Voted that the town will stand by one another to stand a law-sute with the proprietors if any of them is sued by Hathorne's clamers impowering James Noble to sue the inhab- itants within the lines mentioned excepting those persons that has taken under above sd clamers meaning all the inhabitants- to the Eastward of Cambels Cove so called and Cambels pond so called and from thence to the Oven's mouth so called all inhabitants that has not tied them Selves to sd Nobel by LAND CLAIMS AND CLAIMANTS. 169 writing or any other way is to be in due proportion in sute against him the sd hathorne and nobel. " ^ The above vote, besides showing the oppression of the land claimants, also shows a peculiar method of doing town busi- ness. No appropriation is here made to be assessed for a purpose ; but a vote is taken, evidently understood by those voting, to make a certain element legally liable to a contri- bution. In 1777 all the town voted to defend any person against the prosecutions threatened by the land claimants against certain individual inhabitants; and again, in 1787, the Hathorne claimants pressed so many of the people with threats of suits of ejectment, that the town, at its annual meeting, chose William McCobb, Capt. John Borland and Capt. John Reed to defend individuals at the expense of the town. As time wore on the land troubles steadily increased. The heirs, in each successive generation, were becoming more numerous, and even pretenders appeared, looking upon the rural population of this little cluster of towns as an easy prey for their peculations. The greater number of claimants lived in Massachusetts. It was a rare thing that any of their suits were pressed to trial. They were mostly brought in the nature of a bluff, knowing the natural fear and dread in which the inhabitants stood of the law and legal action. There is but little doubt that the proprietors themselves realized their own weakness, inasmuch as they seldom clashed with each other, though their claims were everywhere overlapping or covering the identical tracts of land. Many instances are recorded where some proprietor induced some one to take a deed under him, when the party thus purchasing would be almost immediately sued by another claimant. A survey of the property was necessary upon which to sustain an action, and at last the people, goaded to despera- tion, took the matter into their own hands and decided to allow no more surveys to be made. . Bands of citizens collected wherever it was proposed to run a line, and surveyors, fearing to come into collision -with the people in their existing state of mind, desisted from the purpose. The claimants were con- veniently located and subtle enough in their plans to make a 1. Town records, 1769. 12 170 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. favorable impression upon the General Court. At that dis- tance from the scene of trouble it was plausibly presented that these heirs of just claims were being wronged of their rightful inheritances by a set of squatters, who, as a last resort, by riotous action, with force and arms, were even obstructing land surveyors in the duties to which they were appointed by the Court. Through this influence, on March 6, 1810, a law was passed, entitled " An Act for the more speedy and effectual sup- pression of tumults in the Commonwealth. " This law author- ized any judge of the Supreme Court, in certain circumstances, when the regular administration of the law was obstructed, to call out, in his discretion, a sufficient force of militia to sup- press the riot or tumult and restore order. Two test cases were brought that year, probably by collusion between the plaintiffs. One was James Noble vs. John Hall, of Nobleboro, founded on the Brown claim, through the Goulds, to the eight-mile-square lot ; and the other was Eliot G. Vaughn vs. Nathaniel Thompson, of Nobleboro, based on the Brown claim, through the original deed of 1625. If the latter should be held valid the other certainly would be, and if it was not held valid the other might be. James Malcomb, of Cushing, was appointed surveyor by the Court and duly sworn on August 25th. On the 27th he went to Hall's to commence the survey, accompanied by Noble's agent. While searching for a corner bound at which to commence they were confronted by a band of some fifty or sixty inhabitants, headed by that old Revolutionary hero. Com. Samuel Tucker, who was then sixty-three years old and spokesman for the party. He demanded their authority, whereupon the Court order was produced. Tjacker denounced it as a forgery, told them that no court would order a survey without giving notice to all parties whose lands were affected ; that if Hall's farm was taken from him, perhaps his (Tucker's) would be taken next, and that would never occur until it had been enriched by the last drop of blood in his veins. He then issued his ultimatum, that the town of Bristol had decided to have no lines run, and if they persisted their instruments would be taken away from them. Giving up the effort they turned to leave town, and LAND CLAIMS AND CLAIMANTS. 171 were escorted out of it by Com. Tucker, William and Thomas Burns, ^ and others. On the way toward Damariscotta Mills a party was met, who stated that about 100 men near that place were congregated and that they stated that they were on the lookout for land proprietors. Statements were made to the Court at once and it ordered a draft, principally from Boothbay and vicinity, of 500 men, under their proper officers, to be held in readiness to march at short notice. It is said that representatives from Bristol at once came to Boothbay and interviewed the drafted men as to their views. The agents of Bristol were assured by the Booth- bay contingent that if they had to fight they should choose which side to fight on. About this time the entire District of Maine was highly excited over an occurrence at Malta, now Windsor. There the Kennebec Proprietors were pressing their claims against a poor and needy community. While making a survey in that place on September 8, 1809, Paul Chadwick was shot and killed. Seven of the party who did the shooting were at once arrested and lodged in the Augusta jail. Their sympathizers, from all the locality about Malta, disguised as Indians, besieged the jail and tried to rescue the prisoners. The militia were called out to guard the jail. The judges ordered an extra session of the court to try the prisoners for murder at an early date. The trial lasted a fortnight ; the evidence was direct as well as circumstantial, and of the strongest character, including that of one of the prisoners, who, evidently frightened and advised, turned State's evidence. Notwithstanding this, all were acquitted. The fact of this acquittal against evidence and the fear to depend upon the Boothbay militia against their brethren in distress, residing in the neighboring towns of Nobleboro and Bristol, went far toward precipitating the issue. 1. The report made by Vaughn and Malcomb to the Conrt stated that Tucker told them regardless of his years he could still wield a sword or pull a trigger ; and that both William and Thomas Burns declared they would shoot the first person who at- tempted to run a line on their land, no matter what court they might have an order from. This William Bums, for his last marriage, married Margaret, widow of William McClintocfc and daughter of William Fullerton, of Boothbay. The McCltn- tock children, one of whom was John, who founded the Boothbay family were reared by Bums. 172 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. out of which an adjuatment came and the existing troubles subsided.^ The following jvinter the General Court repealed the obnoxious law permitting a single judge to call out the militia, and passed a resolution directing the Governor to appoint a commission of three members, whose duties should be to take into consideration his message to the two branches of the Leg- islature, in relation to the disturbances in Lincoln County, also to consider the memorials of the inhabitants of the towns of Bristol, Edgecomb, Nobleboro, Newcastle and Boothbay, then pending before the General Court. The commissioners were directed to go to the county of Lincoln empowered to send for such persons and papers as they deemed necessary, and to give notice of the time and place of their meetings to the selectmen of the towns mentioned. The Governor appointed on this commission Hon. Perez Morton, a prominent lawyer in Boston, Jonathan Smith, Jr., and Thomas B. Adams. They met at the house of Dr. Josiah Myrick, Newcastle, on April 29th. John M. McFarland, then one of the Boothbay board of selectmen, with William McCobb and Dr. Daniel Rose, represented Boothbay. William McCobb was chosen chairman of the assemblage of town committees. A sub-committeee to represent and conduct the case for the inhabitants was chosen, of which Doctor Rose was selected chairman. Just three weeks were spent upon the case. i\lany depositions were taken, by which means much of the early his- tory of this locality has been rescued from oblivion. Nearly every part of the disputed territory was visited and a report with recommendations followed to the General Court. In place of a miserable set of squatters, preferring mob rule to law and order, the commission reported that churches, well- supported, existed in each of the towns ; that schools were numerous and well-supported, and that the country had been settled nearly a century ; that the people were thrifty, well- ordered,^ industrious, and had, by industry, made comfortable 1. The defendants in this case were David Lynn, Jaliez Meigs, Elijah Barton, Prince Cain, Nathaniel Lynn, Ansel Meigs and Adam Pitts. The trial was commenced November 16, 1809, before Judges Sedgwiclc. Sewall, Thatcher and Parker. Jury- men were entirely chosen from Somerset and Kennebec Counties. This trial excited great interest everywhere in Maine and Massachusetts. It appeared in hook form January, I810, from the press of Ezekiel Goodale, Hallowell. LAND CLAIMS AND CLAIMANTS. 173 homes for themselves. They recommended that, from the facts obtained by them, another commission should be appointed to determine what, if any, ownership existed in the claimants, and that if any was found to exist that they be awarded wild land in the District to satisfy the amount determined, and that the settlers on the lands in dispute be unmolested. Accordingly, June 11, 1811, the Governor alluded favor- ably to the report in his message and the new commissioners selected were Hon. Jeremiah Smith, Exeter, N. H., William H. Woodward, Hanover, N. H., and Hon. David Howell, Providence, E. I. By this decision a full township of land was given the Kennebec Proprietors, and half a township to claimants under the Drowne claim. The Brown, Tappan, Noble and Vaughn claims were extinguished as never having had any foundation in either law or equity, while the Hathorne and Ludgate claims were declared obsolete. I add to this hasty sketch of long and weighty troubles, which bore upon our early inhabitants, a valuable deposition, taken of the venerable William McCobb, before the commis- sion in 1811 and but four years before his decease. William McCobb's Deposition. William McCobb, of Boothbay, testified : That he is sixty- nine years of age. That the first claimants of Boothbay since his remembrance, about the year 1775, was the Plymouth Company. A Major Goodwin, as their agent, came about that time and brought a surveyor with him. He said he was willing to quiet the old settlers under Dunbar with an hundred acres each. He brought with him Indian deeds, grants and plans to show that the Company's claim extended to the sea. After Goodwin went away another agent of the Plymouth Company, Doctor McKecknie, settled in town. Many people took deeds under Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, who claimed under the Plymouth Company — among others there were Andrew and Ephraim McFarland, and four or five more. The witness further testified that the next claimant was Major James Noble, who claimed under one Hathorne, by virtue of a deed from Robin Hood to Henry Curtis, and from Curtis to Hathorne. Noble offered to quiet all old settlers in their possessions, in case they would give up the rest of their land. About the year 1766 or 1767 in one part of Boothbay Noble convened the inhabitants, made proposals, but they refused to do any- 174 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. thing ; afterward, as witness was informed, he went into the other part of the town, and asserted that the inhabitants gen- erally had agreed to settle and had taken deeds. Under this impression a number were persuaded to compromise with Noble, and they gave their notes. Noble gave them each a stipulation, that on paying £13 68 8d, the amount of the notes, he would give a deed. The witness believes that none of the notes were ever paid, or deeds given, and never knew of any person being called on for his note. About thirty to forty years ago, witness testified that he saw a survey of a part of Boothbay, under a claim denominated the Ludgate claim, who derived his title from one Champnoi, under a will. Hathorne and Ludgate came down and made a division, and Hathorne took one side of the town and Ludgate the other. Ludgate made great professions, if people would buy of him, that he would build a meeting house and give every settler fifty acres, but he never did either. The claims of Hathorne and Ludgate did not extend to Edgecomb, but there was another Tappan claim which did extend to Edge- comb. The witness further testified that the Plymouth Com- pany gave leases to people on Linekin's Neck in Boothbay. Rev. John Murray. 1742-1793- CHAPTER Xn. Ecclesiastical History. TO JUSTLY comprehend any historical situation it is nec- essary to understand the existing predominating beliefs of the people and the conditions surrounding them at the particular period. Nearly one and one-half centuries have elapsed since the occurrences enumerated in the early part of this chapter. Eeligious belief was then more direct and simple than at present. There was less diversity of opinion then than now, but the opinions of that epoch were tenaciously held. Church attendance was then believed to be a necessity, if pos- sible, and the efforts to attend, in some cases of which we have record, seem well-nigh incredible. Ministers assiduously attended to their duties, against many adverse conditions, for a very small pecuniary compensation ; and yet, to raise those slight salaries, at the time, was a greater burden than to con- tribute to the larger expenses of the present. But regardless of the strain upon the parish it was usually accomplished, as matters always are that carry with them the sense of duty. The efficacy of prayer, — the intercession and response, direct and immediate, — the foreordination of events, the special providences were all tenets of faith which are largely modified at the present day. There were in Maine about the middle of the eighteenth century but few in religious beliefs outside of the Congrega- tionalists, Presbyterians and Episcopalians. The latter, how- ever, were not as numerous nor as diversified in settlement over the State as either of the former. Those localities where the inhabitants were principally of Scotch descent were gen- erally Presbyterian in their earliest history. The first Presbytery in New England was established at Londonderry, N. H., April 16, 1745, called the Boston Pres- bytery. The fixst Presbyterian Church in New England had 176 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. been gathered in the same town, in 1719, by the Eev. James McGregor, both pastor and people being of Scotch-Irish blood, and immigrants then recently from Ireland. In 1775 this Boston Presbytery was divided into three, known as the eastern or Salem, the middle or Londonderry, the western or Palmer. These were organized at Londonderry, September 4, 1776, into a paramount body known as the Synod of New England. But this body declined until 1782, when it became again a single one, known as the Salem Presbytery, and its last meeting was held at Gray, Maine, September 14, 1791. The principal churches of this denomination in Maine were gathered in the towns of Boothbay, Bristol, Brunswick, Cam- den, Georgetown, Gray, Newcastle, Scarborough, Topsham, Turner, Warren and Windham. At the date last given they had lost their sectarian character and, within a few years, became Congregational, the two denominations differing but little in either faith or customs. The earliest mentioned minister about the Kennebec, or east of it, was the Kev. Joseph Baxter, a Congregationalist, who accompanied Governor Shute to Arrowsic in 1717 for the purpose of holding a conference with the Canibas Indians. He preached there, at intervals, until 1721. No other is recorded until 1734, when, at the same place, the Rev. William McClanethan, a Presbyterian, commenced his labors and con- tinued, irregularly, for ten years. Congregationalists and Presbyterians were about evenly balanced in numbers in Georgetown, and, not being able to support two chui'ches, nor to agree on one, they were without religious worship much of the time. At last the right man came in Rev. Ezekiel Emer- son, who was ordained July 1, 1765, and a successful pastor- ate was conducted for fourteen years. Rev. Robert Rutherford, who came into the countrj' under Dunbar, preached at the fort at Pemaquid and in the houses and barns about Harrington, Walpole, Townsend and New- castle until 1735, when he settled at Brunswick. The Rev. Robert Dunlap, born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, in 1715, receiving his degree and license to preach at the age of nineteen, embarked for America in 1736. The vessel he came in was wrecked on Isle of Sable, but he and a few others ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY. 177 reached the Isle of Canso. He then went to Cape Ann and Boston. From there he came to Nobleboro, Maine. Next he came to Townsend, where he lived awhile and preached, like Rutherford, in the houses and barns of the plantation. He next went to Sheepscot and finally, in 1746, was ordained as the first pastor at Brunswick, where he preached for thirteen years, afterward living out his days in that town. Eev. Alexander Boyd came to New England in 1748, and preached for a time in Georgetown, but the two denominations could not harmonize on him, so he went to Newcastle, where he was ordained at the Sheepscot church, but under great objection from part of the people, and a condition that it was not to be understood that his pastorate extended to the Dam- ariscotta side of the town. He, like the others mentioned, preached occasionally at Townsend. Mr. Boyd was an elo- quent, ready speaker and attracted congregations wherever he appeared ; but he was unsuccessful in his calling, as he bred dissensions in all his charges. He labored under the further disadvantage of a blemished reputation, brought about by an irregular marriage before he left Scotland, and desertion of his wife when he came to America. There may have been others who occasionally preached to the inhabitants of old Townsend, but no records of such instances that are trust- worthy. Tradition was general at the beginning of the nine- teenth century that George Whitefield, that renowned and shining light of Methodism, preached to the early Townsend settlers, which is not improbable. As mentioned in an earlier chapter, the pbpulation of Townsend received many accessions from the westward, — from about York, Kittery, Kennebunkport, Portsmouth and Dover during and immediately after the close of the French and Indian War. These families were of English descent, for the most part, and included the names of Kelley, Bryer, Carlisle, Giles, Tibbetts, Hutchings, Storer, Barter, Matthews, Lewis, Kenney, Morrison, Pinkham, Crommett, Lamson, Decker, Avery, Clark and others. Previous to this the inhabitants had been nearly all of Scotch descent, through the Scotch- Irish immigration in Dunbar's time. This Scotch element were all of the Presbyterian faith, but the newcomers were a 178 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. devout and religiously inclined people, divided, however, into several sects. If the Townsend settlers had other objects in obtaining incorporation they were not expressed. The paramount rea- son given was that the gospel might be settled among them. They were stirred to action in this matter early in 1764, by an occurrence late in the preceding year. The venerable Andrew Reed, whose wife was Jean Murray, had kept in- formed of their nephew in Antrim, Ireland, left behind them in their native town when they came to America. This nephew was John Murray, who was born May 22, 1742, and was now twenty-one years of age. He had been duly inducted into the sacerdotal office according to the usages of the church to which he belonged. No formal installation was necessary as a prerequisite to his administration of Christian ordinances. Thus being a probationer his position was such that a connec- tion with any church might be made by a union in covenant, and with a parish by contract. Upon the urgent solicitation of his American relatives he landed in New York late in the fall of 1763 and came to Townsend at once. Here he preached several times in differ- ent parts of the plantation at the houses. His fame as a devout and eloquent preacher went before him and people flocked to hear him. The desire became immediately unanimous that he should settle with them as pastor. A meeting was held at the Harbor, December 22, 1763, at the house of John Beath, and five leading citizens pledged him a salary of ninety pounds a year sterling. But he declined to accept on the ground that by being without town form or government the place was an undesirable one in which to settle. He admitted their apparent necessities, and appeared pleased at his acquaintance with the people, but was inflexible in his determination. He concluded while among them, and so stated, that it was his intention to return to Ireland at once. He took leave of his eastern friends in February, promising them if he ever returned to America he would settle with them. While making a tarry in New York he made some public appearance and his genius and ability were at once recognized. Influences were brought to bear upon him of such strength ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 179 that he changed his intentions and was received under the care of the New York Presbytery. In May, 1765, he was settled as the successor of the Rev. Gilbert Tennent, in the Second Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. Boothbay, having been incorporated the fall previous, was organizing in her new capacity about the time of Mr. Murray's Philadelphia settlement, and about this time the inhabitants, who had so much admired him when among them, learned of his location. During the preceding year (1764) it seems that they had written to him and he to them, but it was thought the coiTespondence in both cases had been intercepted by inter- ested parties. At any rate the letters never reached their des- tination. Communication at length being established, the set- tlers set forth the fact of their new condition, and insisted upon the fulfillment of the promise he had made them. The old church records contain in full the long and complex story of the petitioners to the western Presbytery for the release of Mr. Murray, for he was now willing to take up the Boothbay charge if a release from Philadelphia could be obtained. They tell of the reluctance of his Philadelphia parish to part with him, and the aid they obtained from New York in trying to influence his continued settlement with them. Capt. Andrew McFarland, John Beath and Mr. Murray's cousins, Capts. Andrew and Paul Reed, made several trips to Boston, and at last interested the Rev. John Morehead, of that city, to aid them. After every technicality had been exhausted he was released and came to Boothbay immediately, much to the regret of the parish from which he had severed his connection. In the few months of his pastorate therg more had united with that church than during the entire settlement of his predeces- sor, Tennent. The new church at Boothbay was practically completed when he arrived in 1766. Its raising had occurred September 27, 1765, and its dedication took place July 28, 1766, when he assumed pastoral charge of the parish. The organization was not entirely completed and the church officers ordained until September 20, 1767. On Sunday, April 13, 1767, they cele- brated for the first time the service of the Lord's Supper. The first church officers were as follows : William Moore, Robert Murray, John Beath and Nehemiah Harrenden were ruling 180 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. elders ; Israel Davis, Samuel Adams, Ephraim McFarland were deacons ; Mr. Murray was moderator and John Beath, scribe. The date, July 28, 1766, is the one recognized as the ecclesias- itcal beginning in Boothbay, and is the proper anniversary day. The old, worn book of records tells us of the membership at organization as follows : "The names of the persons thus incorporated, some of whom were absent at the time, but afterward fully acceded to all that was done," were Men. Eobert Murray, William Moore, John Beath, William FuUerton, Samuel McCobbe, William McCuUoch, Samuel Adams, John Murray, Samuel Pierce, John Wheeler, John Keed. Women. Sarah Davis, Elizabeth Pierce, Jane Reed, Jane Moore, Margaret Beath, Janet Fullerton, Mary McCobb, Janet McCulloch, Sarah Reed, Mary McCulloch, Margaret Fullerton, Margery Reed, Elizabeth Beath, Mary Beath, Marj' Reed, Elizabeth Boj'd, Mary McKown, Hannah Marshall, Rhoda Davis, Martha Wiley. The foregoing names were received by letter soon after the following persons were received by profession. Men. Andrew Reed, Ephraim McFarland, Israel Davis, William Davis, William McCobb, Benjamin Thomas, * James Blanchard, Andrew McFarland, Women. Elizabeth McFarland, Sarah Adams, Mary Reed, Anne Murray, Rachel McCobb, Martha Reed, Mary Reed, Margaret McFarland, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 181 Elizabeth Merry, Alice Wiley, Margaret McGuire, Elizabeth Gilmore, *Mary Winslow, Sarah Boyd, *Mary Allen, Margaret Boyd, *Hannah Burns, Marianne FuUerton, Mary Boyd, Lydia Eawlins, Martha Day, *Mary McCurdy, Martha Harrenden, Sarah Tibbetts, Margaret Decker, Mary Caldwell, Jane Reed, *Mary Kincaid, Sarah Reed, *Anne McMullan, *Mary Stetson, Ruth Maddocks, *Mary Carter, *Hannah Fling, *Margaret McFadden, Jane Montgomery. In the winter or early spring of 1767 occurred the great revival, an account of which finds a descriptive place in the works of all who have written upon the early ecclesiastical his- tory of Maine. Mr. Murray was the sole inspiration of the movement. We have no record of assistance being given him either in its origin or continuance. Extracts from his diary show the vital, energetic character of the man and his deep solicitude for others. His powers did not end in his oratory, but he was an active, faithful pastor in every sense. William- *MemlDers thus designated are not thought to have heen residents of Boothbay, and are nearly all recognized as names In Bristol. David Reed, Thomas Boyd, George Boyd, John McCobb, Thomas Tully, * William Burns, *James Hilton, Nathaniel Rawlins, Nehemiah Harrenden, Jr. , David Decker, Enoch Avery, John Ingraham, William Reed, Patrick McKown, John Leishman, *Robert Given, *Hezekiah Eggleson, *Patrick Kincaid, Joseph Irwine, Simeon Rush, *Henry Hunter, *Thomas Clark. 182 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. son well says : "A minister whose piety was an incense both at the fireside and the altar." The desire for his ministrations spread from Boothbay to the surrounding towns, and, after the work of revival had been well advanced at home, he went in March, 1767, to the surrounding towns as a field of con- quest. The old record tells us : "Beginning at Squam and free town, he visited Pownal- borough and Sheepscut, the head of the tide, Walpole, Har- rington, &c., and during the space of two weeks, which this tour took up, he preached every day, and the work of God was glorious." The list of baptisms which followed in the summer months, and which stands recorded in this old record book in his hand- writing, included Pleasant Cove, Sheepscot, Hopkins, Walpole, Pemaquid, Harrington, Muscongus, Broad Cove, Damariscove and Georgetown. Day and evening, for several months, his lodgings as well as his church were filled with anxious souls, we are told, until past midnight, sometimes until two and three o'clock in the morning, and this condition existed in the towns he visited as well as at home. If we may believe contemporary writers, or Greenleaf, Williamson and others who wrote of it from fifty to seventy-five years later, we must conclude that the Lincoln County revival of 1767, led by the Eev. John Murray, surpassed anything else of the kind that had occurred in the history of Maine. But Mr. Murray's powers were not all in his magnetic oratory. He was a scholar and an earnest student, and his powers and influence extended into other fields of usefulness besides the church. He will appear again to our readers in the chapter on the Kevolutionary War. At an unusually early age he entered the University of Edinburgh, from which he graduated with high honors. His familiarity with the book from which he preached was to many a wonder ; but it was no miracle, — it simply showed his great mental power for reten- tion of facts, and to that were added the qualities of an attentive student. This power, though uncommon, is often exemplified by individuals in all the professions. Mr. Murray, however, had all the requisites of a great man. His mind being stored with all that was best, he possessed the faculties necessary to ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 183 handle and display his knowledge to advantage : a faultless elocution, a complete command of language, an earnest pur- pose, ready thoughts, and the capacity to combine and mar- shal to advantage all that was within him. A case in point occurred once at Brunswick. Mr. Murray was well under way in his sermon, when some remark dis- pleased Judge Hinkley, one of his hearers, a descendant of the Plymouth Pilgrims, and said to be a disputatious, overbearing man, who generally opposed the Scotch-Irish of that town and church. The Judge stepped boldly into the broad, center aisle and asked the preacher if he " knew in whose presence he stood." "Yea," replied Mr. Murray, "in the presence of a Judge of the Inferior Court of Common Pleas." " Then," said the Judge, "I will say to you, as the Lord said unto Elijah, ' What doest thou here,' John Murray ? " Instantly Mr. Murray repeated Elijah's answer (1 Kings xix. 10), dropped the thread of his regular discourse, and, making this impromptu passage his text, spoke for an hour with an eloquence that captivated his hearers. When he first went to Newburyport, one who opposed his settlement passed him a text, as he entered the church one Sabbath morning, to test his qualities. Mr. Murray, when in the pulpit, unfolded it, laid his own notes aside, and gave his congregation such a sermon as disarmed all prejudice, and caused the Kev. Mr. Parsons to say that Murray had not been surpassed since the days of the apostles. Many clergymen were jealous of his ability. The Rev. Mr, Smith, of Portland, wrote in his diary, in 1772, that he had raised a "sad toss' among his people by not inviting him to preach, and at another of Mr. Murray's visits, in 1787, again writes : "A great uproar about Murray's not preaching." An old writer mentions the fact that once in Brunswick he noticed the church " blocked up," in addition to its foundation, in several places. He asked the reason, and was told that it was done as a safeguard against occasions when Mr. Murray came along and preached there. But of all his opponents in the ministry none were so bitter and unyielding as Dr. Samuel Spring, of Newburyport, who was a man of ability and also of strong prejudices. He made a place for himself in history by being chaplain to Arnold's 184 HISTORY OF BOOTHS AY. forces on that memorable campaign against Quebec. He once left the room, on an occasion when they were together, just as Mr. Murray engaged in prayer. A rhymester composed the following : " Parson Spring began to fling, And seemed to be in a hurry, He couldn't stay to hear him pray. Because 'twas Parson Murray." Later Doctor Spring published a book of his own writings, and Mr. Murray, in witty retaliation, wrote upon the fly leaf of a copy : ' ' What mortal power, from things unclean. Can pure productions bring ? Who can command a vital stream From an infected spring? " Insinuations have sometimes been made against Mr. Mur- ray, as though something dark or hidden or irregular existed in his character, and during his lifetime he was widely charged with having forged his license to preach, and his name is recorded in the printed " Extracts of Minutes " of the Presby- tery of Philadelphia as a deposed minister. The facts, how- ever, are capable of explanation, and since the decease of Mr. Murray and those who opposed him, perhaps from jealous motives, later writers have simply made brief mention and explanation of the charges and passed them by as both techni- cal and trivial. It appears that when prepared for his license he took issue with certain ministers of the Presbytery of Ballymena in Ireland, and with some warmth charged them with defection in doctrine. For this reason he went to Eng- land for his license, which he obtained from the class of Wool- lers, at Alnwick, Northumberland. On his return his creden- tials were questioned and he sent his papers to Edinburgh to be attested. Two young ministers, friends of his, attested a certificate as " moderator " and " clerk " of a Presbytery. This was untrue on their part, and later, when the matter was brought up, they besought him not to expose them as it would ruin their position and prospects in the church. Bather than ruin them he made an attempt to support the paper as genu- ine, and for this he was accused of forging his credentials. In mature years he always lamented the indiscretion of his youth. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 185 The Philadelphia Presbytery deposed him, after having given him certificates of the highest character, when he was and had been for several months preaching in Boothbay. This they did in a very irregular way, without giving him notice or fol- lowing regular procedure in such cases. The proceedings were published in the Massachusetts Gazette of May 12, 1768, together with a manifesto from eleven ministers who publicly withdrew all fellowship with him. He prepared his "Appeal to the Impartial Public," and the " Presbytery of the East- ward" took up the case and in 1771 annulled the censure and always sustained him in good and regular standing. He never, however, outlived the prejudices of some of his fellow clergy- men, which, perhaps, he never would have encountered had he been a man of mediocre ability, even though other condi- tions had been as they were. During his entire pastorate at Boothbay Mr. Murray was persistently sought by other and larger places to come and settle with them as pastor. In 1774 the congregation of the late Eev. John Morehead in Boston expressed a desire to set- tle him as successor. The previous year he had declined a large salary and settlement at Portsmouth, N. H. For some reason he loved the people and the place of Boothbay beyond any others. Society nor salary could not tempt him to remove from his eastern isolation, where he enjoyed the dis- tinction of being pastor of the most easterly situated Protes- tant Church in America. "There," he wrote to a friend, "I find my comfort, and, I hope, my God ; and there I see less danger of being a stumbling block in Zion, the very idea of which to me is worse than death." The pastorate commenced in Boothbay in 1766, practically ended in 1779, at which time Mr. Murray went to Newbury- port and commenced his labors in the Presbyterian Church there, becoming its settled pastor in 1781, in which capacity he continued until his death, March 13, 1793. At the dedication service in the Boothbay church in 1766, he had preached from the text : " Come over into Macedonia and help us." The first years of his settlement in Boothbay he made his home with his cousin, Col. Andrew Keed. On December 15, 1772, he married Susanna, daughter of Gen. 13 186 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. William Lithgow, of Georgetown. They had three children, all born in Boothbay : John Wentworth, born in 1774 ; Kath- erine, born in 1776 ; Eobert L., born in 1778. After marriage he lived while he remained in Boothbay at the parsonage on Pisgah, built upon the land left for that purpose by the unfortunate Edmund Brown. John Leishman was builder, and it was considered in those days of rude abodes an imposing structure. The first Congregational Church at the Center stood where the present one does. It was about forty by sixty feet in size and two stories in height. There were two vestibules and three entrances, at the east, west and south. From a large hallway stairs went to the gallery. The pews were seven by nine feet in size and the backs came just about to the shoulders of a person of medium height ; they had seats on three sides with a door opening to the aisle. There were gallery pews on both sides and a singing gallery at the south. The pulpit was at the north. The finish throughout was of pine moulding, in the panel style of architecture so prevalent in those days. "When the new church was built the old one was taken down and moved to East Boothbay, where it may now be seen in Adams' shipyard, used as a workshop and model room. The first par- sonage was built where the present one stands. It was voted at the annual meeting in March, 1796 : "To build a ministeral house on the Commons. That said house be 36 feet long, 26 feet wide and eight foot post. Said house to be finished in a good workmanlike manner, nearly in the form of Mr. Jno. Sawyer's house at the Harbour ; voted three acres of the south part of the Commons be appropriated for the use of said house. " The first church was built by Samuel Adams, as leading carpenter, and the parsonage was under the direction of a building committee, composed of William McCobb, Samuel Montgomery and Ichabod Pinkham, and for the latter a build- ing fund of £200 was appropriated. The parsonage was removed to the street east of the Common, when the pres- ent one was built, and is now owned and occupied by John S. Spinney. Before passing from Mr. Murray's pastorate to the subse- quent history of the church, his fixed method of visitation ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 187 among his people may be mentioned. It is given as noted by himself. " 1st. Salute the house. 2d. Compare the lists with the family — mark them who can read into — Catechisables — Cov- enanters — Church members. 3d. Address, first, the children to engage in early religion ; second, young ones to reading, secret prayer, the Sabbath, public worship, ordinances, good company, good houses, good tongues, love and concord, fidel- ity, conversion. 4th. Address parents, first, about their spiritual state ; second, secret devotion ; third, family wor- ship, government, catechising ; fourth. Sabbath, public wor- ship, sacraments ; if church members, see what profit — if not, remove objections ; if in error or vice, convince, reclaim ; if in divisions, heal ; if poor, help ; lastly, exhortations to all — pray." Mr. Murray's popularity never waned while in the Booth- bay parish, and the only reason for changing his field of labor to Newburyport was the solicitation of his family and friends to have him go to a place of greater personal safety, as the war was then raging and British aggression along the coast, particularly in our harbor, was frequent, and he had, from his well-known ability and influence among the people, always preaching a gospel of staunch patriotism in addition to his other teachings, become a special target for the enemy. Soon after the close of the war he published two political pamphlets, one entitled "Tyranny's Grove Destroyed," and the other, "The Altar of Liberty Finished," both of which enjoyed a broad circulation." We now find the people of Boothbay impoverished by war, taxed heavily for its support, its able-bodied men in the field, cropping, fishing, lumbering, every visible means of support cut off, and the men themselves paid in a depreciated, almost worthless, currency, that we have seen in our municipal chap- ter once voted as an alternative of " seventy-five for one hard dollar." On top of this they had lost their central power of inspiration when Mr. Murray went to Newburyport. That church never again reached in interest and influence what it had been under him. A few bright spots reappear in its his- tory, notably in the pastorates of Kev. Isaac Weston and Rev. David Q. Cushman. 188 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. It is evident that only occasional preaching was had for some time after 1780. In 1783 the sessions of the church was declared a committee to employ a minister, during the summer only, "as far as £100 will go, or serve, or extend." Under this vote a Mr. Merrill may have been employed, for we find a vote in the annual meeting for 1785 "not to employ the Kev. Mr. Merrill any longer than the committee had agreed." In 1785 William McCobb and John Murray were a committee to procure preaching, for summer only, and thirty pounds was raised for support. The next year a committee was chosen to employ a minister, for trial only, with a view to settlement. Sixty pounds was raised and the Eev. Mr. Williams was employed for six months. In 1788 John Murray was chosen agent to " go to the westward and procure a minister who may be settled for life." In 1789 Eev. Jonathan Gould, who, evidently, had been preaching here at times, was engaged for "one year from date of his first coming here." Seventy-eight pounds was voted him, he to find his own board. At a meet- ing March 14, 1791, it was voted not to settle Mr. Gould, or to employ him longer, but a vote of thanks was given him and a disclaimer that his dismissal was for any moral fault. The objection was doctrinal. The record shows no regular preaching until November 15, 1795, when the Rev. Pelatiah Chapin was engaged for one year, at four dollars per week and board for himself and horse. On November 21, 1797, a call was given Rev. John Sawyer, of Oxford, N. H., which was accepted, and with his family he came to Boothbay the following March. The parsonage then being completed received them as its first occupants. He received $333.33 per year and house rent, with an additional one hundred dollars for the first year for moving expenses. The church was in a declining state. No religious revival had occurred since that of Mr. Murray, thirty years before. The Lord's Supper had not been administered for twenty years. It was still Presbyterian, but there was no Presbytery in Maine with which it could unite. In Mr. Murray's time they had belonged to what was known as the Presbytery of the East- ward, but they were now in the position of an independent church. William McCobb and seven others, in 1798, applied ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 189 to the Lincoln Association, representing the disordered state of religious affairs, and requested the aid of the Association in organizing a Congregational Church. On September 20th of that year a Congregational Church was organized out of the remains of the ancient Presbyterian Church and Rev. John Sawyer was installed as pastor. On that day eight members of the earlier church were examined and subscribed the articles of faith and covenant. They were John Beath, John Leishman, Samuel Montgomery, William McCobb, John McCobb, Eachel McCobb, Mary Knights and Mary McCobb. Mr. Sawyer was settled with the express provision that he could cancel his engagement at any time, by accompanying his resignation with his reasons for requesting it. This he did, and his reasons, at length, appear in the early book of town records. They were concisely and ably written, the principal among them being the extent of the liquor traflic in town and the lack of sympathy in his church with his efforts for a better state of affairs. Mr. Sawyer's pastorate was about seven years in length, he preaching his farewell sermon in October, 1805. He was a man of great strength of character and would have performed valuable moral and religious work had he been properly supported by his church. He went into Penobscot County, then new, as a missionary ; was one of the founders of the Theological Seminary at Bangor, dying in the town of Garland somewhat past his one hundred and third year. In 1807 Doctor Rose was directed by vote of the town to engage Rev. Jabez Pond Fisher to preach one year. He remained with the church until October, 1816, when, upon his request, the town granted him dismission. A call was then extended Rev. Jonathan Adams, a native of Boothbay, then settled at Woolwich, which he declined. It is uncertain as regards the disposition of the old Murray parsonage on Pisgah. It may have been disposed of when the new one was built, in 1796, near the church, but probably still remained church property, for a reference indicates that Mr. Fisher lived on Pisgah, at least a part of the time. His suc- cessor, Rev. Isaac Weston, lived at the Center, but the strength of the Congregational Society was at that date and continued 190 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. to be at the Harlior. The separation of the Baptist Society, a little before the opening of the century, had drawn away nearly all of the Back River support and a greater part of that north of the Center. This impression is reinforced by the record, showing many midweek services being held at the house of Deacon Ebenezer FuUerton, at the Harbor. Mr. Weston first came among the people of Boothbay as a missionary at the beginning of the second half-century of the church. Between sixty and seventy converts were made and added to the membership, His work was only secondary to that of Mr. Murray. He was a man of pleasing address, good abilities, and popular with all the people, in and out of the church. From Boothbay he went to Cumberland, where, in addition to his pastoral cares, he did considerable literary work of note. Bibliographies credit him with five publications of importance. His first sermon in Boothbay was on September 25, 1817, and his last was at the centennial observances of the church, September 23, 1866. His pastorate ended in 1830; being, practically, the same length of time covered by Mr. Murray, and ranking below that pastorate only in popularity and results. Rev. Charles L. Cook was called August 10, 1830, ordained October 6th, and for irregularities dismissed and deposed November 5, 1832. Between the dismissal of Mr. Cook and the installation of Rev. David Q. Cushman, February 7, 1838, Rev. Thomas Bellowes, Rev. Joseph W. Sessions and Rev. Nathaniel Chap- man supplied until May, 1835, when Rev. Henry A. Merrill occupied the position for one year, followed by supplies through 1837. Mr. Cushman's pastorate lasted until May 15, 1843, at which time it ceased for lack of proper support and failure on the part of the parish to fulfill the obligations into which it had entered. The early part of his ministry in town was accompanied by a great revival of interest and accessions to his own and sister churches. His work was harmonious, and recommendations followed him from the parish and district council to new fields of labor ; but at the last of his ministra- tion, by no fault of his, one of those waves of laxity and ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 191 depression, which had been at times upon the church in earlier days, swept over it. Mr. Cushman was a practical man and a devout Christian. He did great service to the educational interests of the town, and, in after years, completed a history of the Sheepscot settlement, a valuable and authentic work. Kev. "William Tobey followed, in 1844, continuing until the early part of 1848. He is said to have been one of the ablest pastors ever connected with that church. Rev. Samuel L. Gould, a nephew of the Rev. Jonathan Gould, who was pastor in 1789, next came, in June, 1848, and remained three years. Mr. Gould was followed by Rev. Jonathan Adams, on October 18, 1852, remaining until 1858 ; several months at the last of his engagement the services of his son, Rev. Jonathan E. Adams, then recently graduated at Bangor and pastor of the Harbor Society, were substituted. October 31, 1861, Rev. Horace Toothacher commenced his work and continued until 1864. Mr. Toothacher was the last pastor to receive his entire support from the old society. At the end of his term it had reached its ninety-eighth year. Rev. Leander S. Coan was the first pastor whose ministrations covered both parishes. It fell to his lot, while thus engaged, to furnish the centennial sermon upon the observances of the day, at the church, September 23, 1866. This sermon was largely historical and was pre- served in pamphlet form. From the beginning of this dual work by Mr. Coan until the close of the pastorate of the late Rev. R. W. Jenkins, December, 1883, the plan was regularly followed. Since that only occasional services have been held there. For this divided pastoral care the record of the Second Society will afford the list of clergymen. Early in 1848 occurred an exodus of considerable magni- tude. Forty-eight members took their dismissal in a body for the purpose of organizing a church at the Harbor, and from that time until 1875 dismissals frequently occurred for the same reason. The present church was built in 1848, two years after that of the new society. A spirit of rivalry may be suspected in this action, though records are silent, and, if in a sense competitive, it was evidently good-natured. The parish organization is still maintained, and the income from 192 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. rental of the parsonage is judicially used in preserving in good repair the society's property. The Baptist Society. I The prefix " Freewill " to a branch of the Baptist denomina- tion became attached about 1780. At that date Elder Benja- min Randel, of New Durham, N. H., is said to have first preached the doctrines that led to this distinction. Elder Eandel had two great qualifications as a leader : an industri- ous, energetic worker and a great organizer. At first he gathered a church in his own town, and then, with the aid of two or three associates, extended his work rapidly. In 1781 churches of this denomination were collected in New Glouces- ter, Parsonsfield, Hollis, Woolwich, Georgetown and Edge- comb. The practice of Elder Eandel as he traveled through the country was, as fast as people embraced his doctrines, to gather a company of them within reasonable limits under the general name of a monthly meeting. A certain number of these monthly meetings assembled once in three months and held a quarterly meeting. When enough of these branches became established the quarterly meetings combined became a yearly meeting. The whole body was considered one church, but the term "church" was not accepted until 1809, when it was substituted for that of " monthly meeting. " Regular quarterly meetings were first established in 1783, at New Dur- ham, New Gloucester, Hollis and Woolwich. Many of the society had originally been Calvinistic Baptists, and conse- quently close communionists, but at a quarterly meeting in Gorham, December, 1785, they voted to open their commu- nion to other denominations. By 1820 four yearly meetings had been established ; one in New Hampshire, one in Vermont and two in Maine, one of the latter being called the Gorham and the other the Edgecomb. This last held its meeting one year at either Woolwich or Edgecomb and the next at Farm- ington. It is, therefore, a matter easily to be understood why the Freewill Baptists showed so much early strength in Booth- bay, when it is seen to what extent their doctrines had taken ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 193 root in the adjoining town of Edgecomb. Elder Randel on his earliest circuits came often to that town. Public and family records show that he preached and baptized converts in Boothbay as early as 1790, perhaps ear- lier. In June, 1798, thirty-five taxpayers in Boothbay peti- tioned the General Court for incorporation of the Baptist Society, but it failed of enactment, which is not surprising from the fact that the entire society in Maine, numbering some 2,000, were refused incorporation in 1804. Soon after that date they began to incorporate as distinct societies. In the &st book of town records may be found the earliest request of members of this society in Boothbay to be relieved of their ministerial tax, which went to the support of the Congrega- tional Church, and to be allowed to use it themselves. " Gentlemen Selectmen of Boothbay your Petitioners find- ing it their duty to request your Honours to discharge us the subscribers from paying the Ministers Rates, that is to say the Revd. Mr. Sawyer his salary as we have joined in the Society called the free will Baptists and are desirous to pay our Minis- ter Rate into that society to which we think it our duty to attend, and if you do not see fit to set us off into a society, we request you to deposit our proportion of Ministers rates to our committee who we trust to lay it out to pay or defray the expenses of our Elders who we think is the ambassadors of Jesus Christ. Being in duty bound to God shall ever Pray. Joseph Stover *Timothy Dunton *Eph™ Alley Joseph Giles Aaron Sherman Giles Tibbetts *Roger Sherman Benj^i Hutchings *Eleazer Sherman, Jr. Solomon Pinkham *John Alley, Jr. *Stephen Lewis *Eleazer Sherman *"William Lewis *Elisha Sherman Joseph Pinkham Samuel Perkins *James Tibbetts John Giles *Lemuel Lewis Solomon Pinkham, Jr. *Isaac Lewis *Benj° Kenney Ichabod Tibets Calvin Pinkham, Jr. *John Southard *Joseph Matthews Ruggles Cunningham John Barter, John Webber John Barter, Jr. Timothy Stover John Lewis Nathaniel Tibbets. 194 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAY. " This may certify that the names above -writen consisting- of professors of a Baptist Society are members of the Baptist Society has and do steadily and do Conscienciously attend public worship in the Town of Boothbay both before and since the first of December 1799. Boothbay March 14th, 1800. Giles Tibbets Clerk of Said Society. "The above recorded by the request of Mr. Timothy Dun- ton & others." The foregoing list of names is the same as that of 1798 which petitioned for incorporation. An act of incorporation was obtained by the Baptist Society of Boothbay February 23, 1809. The incorporators were the names in the foregoing list marked by an asterisk (*) , together with the following : Israel Dunton, Benjamin Kelley, Samuel Smith, Timothy Dunton, Jr., Stephen Lewis, Jr., Joseph Lewis, John Matthews, Ben- jamin Lewis, John Brown, Jr., John Farnham and Asa Hutch- ings, "together with such others as may associate with them and their successors, with their families and estates." The first meeting of the new society was called by a warrant issued by William McCobb, justice of the peace, ta Stephen Lewis, Jr., a member, to meet at the schoolhouse on Back Eiver, near the house of John Southard, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, Thursday, February 1, 1810. Samuel Tib- betts was moderator and Samuel Loomis, clerk. The date of the annual meeting was fixed on the first Monday of March. No regular organization as a church occurred until November 18, 1826. This was done by a committee appointed by the Edgecomb quarterly meeting and consisted of the following persons : Males. Females. Stephen Lewis, Jane Dunton, William Lewis, Martha Tibbetts, John Lewis, Mary Lewis, Lemuel Lewis, Sarah Lewis, William Dunton, Isabella Lewis, Ephraim Lewis, Lois Stover, Samuel Tibbetts. Sarah Southard. The town first exempted the Baptist Society from their ministerial tax in 1806. After that date, as long as the con- ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 195 nection between church parish and municipality existed, the ministerial tax was not assessed against those of the Baptist Society. In 1830 the Freewill Baptist Society secured per- mission at the annual meeting to build a church on the Com- mon. A lot was given them upon the corner now occupied by the house of John E. Spinney for the purpose, and also a permit to cut the necessary timber for building a church from the town lands. Up to that date there had been but few in town, outside of Cape Newagen Island, who accepted the Meth- odist teachings. On that island it was the only doctrine preached, and this had been the condition since 1808. But on the mainland of the town there were several Methodist fami- lies, and an effort was now made to gather them into a church, combine with the Baptists and build a house of worship on the union plan, dividing its occupancy between the two socie- ties. This was accomplished and the Union Church was built in 1831. It was a building forty by fifty feet with sixteen- foot posts. It was regularly occupied until 1856, when the present Baptist Church was built. It was then sold to the late Kobert Montgomery, who tore it down and rebuilt it at East Boothbay, where it was used as a store by him for many years. J. H. Blair purchased it and moved it to the Harbor, where it was occupied by F. H. Harris. It was in this store that the great fire in October, 1886, originated. Previous to the erection of the Union Church the Baptists had held their meetings at the Back River schoolhouse, with occasional gatherings at other places. On September 19, 1832, they were assembled at the new meeting house and with due ceremonies formally set in order a church to be known as the Freewill Baptist Church of Boothbay. In 1856, when the present church was built, the building committee, in setting this house upon the Common was thought by those of the Congregational Society to be encroaching upon the rights of the other parish and an unhappy conflict ensued, in which legal process was resorted to ; but tlie differences were healed and nine years later ready permission was granted the Baptists to erect a parsonage at the side of their church upon the Common. The recorded ministers in the Baptist Society follow. 196 HISTOKY OF BOOTHS AT. They were termed Elders until 1856, after which date Rev. appears regularly as title prefix to the name. 1. Elder John Leman, 1826 to 1830. 2. Elder William Emerson, 1830 to 1832. 3. Elder Dexter Waterman, 1832 to 1838. 4. Elder Smith, 1838 to 1839. 5. Elder B. G. Page, 1839 to 1841. 6. Elder J. Stevens, 1841 to 1842. 7. Elder Nathan J. Robinson, 1842 to 1844. 8. Elder S. P. Morrill, 1844 to 1848. 9. Elder E. G. Page, January 13, 1849, to spring of 1852. 10. Elder A. Libby, April, 1852, to August, 1855. 11. Rev. J. D. West, June, 1856, to April, 1857. 12. Rev. H. Whitcher, May i, 1857, to January, 1860. 13. Rev. E. G. Page, January, 1860, to January 17, 1863. 14. Rev. James Boyd, January, 1863, to December, 1866. 15. Rev. L. Given, December 13, 1866, to March 14, 1870. 16. Rev. C. F. Russell, October 1, 1871, to June, 1873. 17. Rev. W. C. Hulse, June 18, 1873, to July, 1874. .18. Rev. H. Atwood, 1874, to August, 1880. 19. Rev. F. A. Palmer, August 8, 1880, to June 13, 1886. 20. Rev. F. H. Peckham, October 1, 1886, to October 1, 1888. 21. Rev. E. Owen, September 8, 1888, to September 4, 1892. 22. Rev. C. A. Buker, November 1,1892, to November 2,1895. 23. Rev. B. S. Fifield, December 1, 1895, to October 15, 1899. 24. Rev. G. G. Haynes, January 7, 1900, to May 19, 1901. 25. Rev. I. V. Mayo, July 1, 1901. Methodism in Southport. While Colonel Dunbar was laying out Harrington, Wal- pole and Townsend for settlement, in 1729, John Wesley was commencing his first Methodist Church at Oxford, England. Just a century later, in 1829, Rev. Elliot B. Fletcher, an able exponent of^ Methodism in New England, appeared for the first time on Cape Newagen Island, riding a small, peculiarly marked horse of dun and white. He was not the originator of that doctrine there, nor their earliest preacher, but he was to that island what Rev. John Murray sixty years before had been to the entire town. In fact, five regular and several itinerant ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 197 preachers had preceded him, but their accomplishments were slight in comparison to his. In 1807, following the precedent established in the case of the Baptists the previous year, the town allowed the inhabit- ants of this island their ministerial tax, with the proviso that it should be expended for the support of preaching, one-half at the schoolhouse at the north end of the island and the other half at the schoolhouse near where the post office now stands at "West Southport. It is presumable that some previous movement in this direction had existed, but the earliest record probably covers the first effort of much importance toward establishing a church. In the year 1808, following immedi- ately upon the action of the town, meetings were held quite regularly by a local minister by the name of Rogers. The New England Conference sent Eev. Caleb Fogg there in 1809. Regular preaching continued until 1813. Then came a period of inactivity. For this we are left to guess the reason. Per- haps the troubles along the coast from the war then in progress, perhaps a season of backsliding after a good start had been made in faithful, active work ; but more reasonable to suppose that interest was arrested by the war, and, once arrested, did not for a season return. That season appears a long one, for the church records tell us that from 1813 to 1829 there was only occasional preaching, by ministers from Georgetown and Bristol. A great revival in interest commenced immediately upon Mr. Fletcher begin- ning his work. He saw that the great lack of his people was that of possessing no church, and he made efforts at once to interest them in that direction. The following year (1830) saw a new church completed, and accepted by the trustees on December 7th. Mr. Fletcher worked hard himself upon the construction of this church, for he was a man who could work, or pray, or preach, as he saw necessity demanded. When the bills were in it was found the cost had been $774.58. At the dedication Mr. Fletcher's first remarks were to congratulate his congregation upon the possession of a church, and adding : "And you have just as much fish and potatoes as ever." Mr. Fletcher remained on the Boothbay circuit three years, commencing with 1829. In 1832 he went to Livermore, but 198 HISTORY OF BOOTHBAT. in 1833-34 he was back again on this circuit. His energy in everything connected with the good of his people, material and spiritual, must always be largely credited with the important start and growth of Methodism in this locality. Besides the Cape Newagen Island church, for which he obtained the sub- scription and upon which he labored with his hands like any other carpenter, he organized the few Methodist families upon the mainland of Boothbay, and is largely to be credited for bringing about a union between the Baptists and Methodists at the Center, where a new church home, at a cost of about $1,200, was provided in 1831 for both societies. Not only did he inspire the building of these churches, but he filled them on the Sabbath. The work he did in town largely influenced the gathering of the Methodist Society at East Boothbay and the building of their first church, though it was not erected until two years after his second pastorate here was closed. Soon after arriving at Cape Newagen he realized the incon- veniences they labored under by having no ferry. He inter- ceded with Moses Riggs, of Georgetown, then a considerable property holder about Newagen, and received a gift of lumber sufficient for the purpose. With his own hands he set about the work and soon completed a good ferryboat, the first that island had. Mr. Thomas Orne, now (1905) ninety-one years of age, and himself a native of the island and a devout Metho- dist since boyhood, thus describes Mr. Fletcher to the author : "He was a short man, well-formed, of medium size, black eyes and hair, of nervous appearance, a ^ery ready talker, but a much better sermonizer than exhorter. He craved joint debates, and particularly with the Second Adventists, whom he met several times, and so undid them that they never gained any foothold here, though they made a great effort to do so." Mr. Fletcher was twelve years a superannuate. He was born in 1799 and died May 12, 1882, at Georgetown, where he was buried, his tombstone bearing the inscription : "I am set for the defense of the Gospel." He lived a single life, and, while never hesitating to talk religion to any one, he showed no inclination for married life, with home and family. Near the end of his days he wrote a friend : " For fifty-eight years I have been a gospel minister and a man of one work." ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 199 In 1864, on January 25th, certain persons in interest asso-