CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE QK 118.K26'" ""'•""•* "■"""" Our aarden flowers; 3 1924 024 538 823 The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924024538823 OUR GARDEN FLOWERS BOOKS BY HARRIET L. KEELER Published by CHARLES SCRIBNBR'S SONS Our Garden Flowers. Cr. 8vo, . . riel, S2.00 Our Northern Shrubs. Cr. 8vo, . net, S2.00 Our Native Trees. Cr. 8vo, . . . net. $2.00 Each volume profusely illustrated OUR GARDEN FLOWERS St |@opuIat fetutig of %Wt Biitttie Eanli0, ll'^tit %itz l^i0tDrit0, anti 'arSeit S»ttuctural mtUiatim& By HARRIET L. KEELER AUTHOR OF "OUR NATIVE TREES" AND "OUR NORTHERN SHRUBS" WITH 90 ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS AND 186 ILLUSTRA TIONS FROM DRA WINGS CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK :: :: :: :: :: :: 1910 \\% " ■ A3 5 '^ 525" Copyright, 1910, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Published May, igio TO ADELIA A. F. JOHNSTON HER FRIEND DEDICATES THIS VOLUME PREFACE This book is the outcome of a lifelong search for a volume with which one might make a little journey into the garden, and become acquainted with the dwellers therein; their native land, their life history, their structural affliations. Among the many species of a genus it has often been necessary to select but one for description. As a rule the choice has been either the typical form, or the one longest in cultivation, or the greatest favorite. While it has been the aim to make the book a fairly complete study of all the annual and perennial flowering herbs commonly found in a hardy garden, it is by no means intended to be a cata- logue. The half-tones are from photographs, of which the larger num- ber were made by Mr. Nathan R. Graves, of Rochester, New York. The outline drawings, with the exception of the few that are marked, are the work of Miss Mary Keflfer, of Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio. The following list names the books which have been especially helpful in the preparation of this volume : "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture," L. H. Bailey; "Favor- ite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse," Edward Step, F.L.S., and William Watson, F.R.H.S.; "The Flowering Plants of Great Britain," Anne Pratt; "Plantes Utiliores, or Illustrations of Useful Plants Employed in the Arts and Medicine," M. A. Bur- nett; "Manual of the Flora of the United States," M. L. Brit- ton; Gray's "New Manual of Botany," seventh edition; Gray's "Field, Forest, and Garden Botany," revised edition. CONTENTS Preface PAGE vii Genera and Species xi Illustrations . xxvii Descriptions of Garden Plants 1 Sweet Herbs ..... . 517 Glossary of Botanical Terms . 533 Index . 537 GENERA AND SPECIES Najadace^ . . PoNDWEED Family Aponogeton distachyum . Cape Pondweed . 3 AracE/E Arum Family Richardia ajricana . Calk Lily . 5 COMMELINACE^ . . Spiderwort Family Tradescantia virginiana . Spiderwort . 8 Tradescantia fluminensii . Wandering Jew . lO Zebrina pendula . Wandering Jew . lO Commelina nudifiora . Wandering Jew lO PONTEDERIACE^ . Pickerel-weed Family Pontederia cordata . Pickerel-weed 12 LlLIACE^ . Lily Family Lilium . Lily . 14 Lilium candidum , Madonna Lily . i6 Lilium longiflorum vai . ex- imium Easter Lily i8 Lilium philadelphicum Wood Lily . 20 Lilium elegans . Upright Lily 20 Lilium speciosum . . Japanese Lily 22 Lilium auraium . Gold-banded Lily 24 Lilium tigrinum . . Tiger Lily . 26 Lilium superbum . . Turk's Cap Lily 27 Lilium canadense . . Meadow Lily 27 Tulipa Gesneriana . Common Tulip 29 Tulipa suaveolens . Fragrant Tulip 34 Fritillaria meleagris . Checkered Lily 34 Fritillaria imperalis . Crown Imperial . 35 Scilla sibirica . Siberian Squill . 36 Chionodoxa lucilim . Glory of the Snow 37 GENERA AND SPECIES LiLiACE^ — Continued Ornilhogalum umbellatum Muscari boiryoides Hyacinthus orienlalis Hyacinthus candicans Funkia subcordata Hemerocallis julva Hemerocallis flava Kniphofia aloides . Yucca filamentosa Allium cernuum Allium cepa Allium schcenoprasum Trillium grandiflorum Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Sprengeri Asparagus plumosus Asparagus medeoloides Convallaria majalis Eremurus robustus Paradisia liliastrum Bulbocodium vernum Colchicum autumnale Tricyrtis hiria Star of Bethlehem Grape Hyacinth Hyacinth Summer Hyacinth Funkia Day Lily Lemon Lily Torch Lily Yucca Wild Onion Common Onion Chives White Trillium Garden Asparagus Ornamental Asparagus Ornamental Asparagus Smilax Lily of the Valley Eremurus . St. Bruno's Lily . Woolly Bulb Meadow Saffron Toad Lily . 38 38 40 42 43 45 46 46 47 SO 5° 52 52 53 54 54 54 55 56 56 58 S8 58 DlOSCOREACE^ Dioscorea divaricala Yam Family Cinnamon Vine 59 Amaryllidace^ . Narcissus Narcissus pseudo-narcissus Narcissus bulbucodium . Narcissus incomparabilis Narcissus poeticus Narcissus tazetta alba . Narcissus tazetta orientalis Narcissus tazetta . Narcissus jonquilla Galanthus nivalis . Galanthus Elwesii Leucojum vernum . Polianthes tuberosa Amaryllis Family Narcissus Trumpet Daffodil Hoop-petticoat Daffodil Superb Daffodil . Poet's Narcissus Paper White Narcissus Chinese Sacred Lily Polyanthus Narcissus Jonquil Common Snowdrop Larger Snowdrop Spring Snowflake Tuberose 61 62 66 66 68 69 69 70 72 74 75 76 77 GENERA AND SPECIES Iridace^ . Iris Family PAGE Iris . Iris ■ 79 Iris germanica . German Iris 80 Iris pumila . . Dwarf Iris . • 83 Iris xiphium . . Spanish Iris ■ 83 Iris xiphioides . English Iris . 84 Iris IcBvigata . Japanese Iris . 84 Gladiolus . Gladiolus . . 86 ^^ocus . . Spring Crocus . 89 Crocus salivas . Saffron 91 l^xia Ixia 92 '^igridia pavonia . . Tiger Flower . 92 Belamcanda chinensis . Blackberry Lily ■ 95 '^Tritonia crocosmeeflora . Montbretia . 96 SciTAMINACEjE Banana Family Canna hybrida . Canna • 97 Orchidace^ . Orchis Family *X:ypripedium . Lady's Slipper . 100 TjRTICACEviE . . Nettle Family Humulus lupulus . Common Hop 103 Humulus japonicus Japanese Hop . 104 Aristolochiace^ BiRTHWORT Family Aristolochia macrophylla Dutchman's Pipe • los ''^Folygonace^ Polygonum Sieboldi Polygonum sachalinense Polygonum baldschuanicum Polygonum orientale Fagopyrum esculenium . Rheum rhaponiicum Buckwheat Family Bushy Polygonum . 107 Bushy Polygonum . . 108 Twining Polygonum . . 108 Prince's Feather . . 109 Buckwheat . no Pie Plant . in Chenopodiace^ Beta vulgaris Spinacia oleracea Chenopodium botrys '-Kochia scoparia Boussingaultia baselloides GoosEFOOT Family Beet .... 113 Spinach . . . .114 Feather Geranium . 115 Mock Cypress . 115 Madeira Vine . . 116 GENERA AND SPECIES PAGE Amaeantace^ Amaranth Family Amarantus caudaius Prince's Feather • "7 Amaranlus gangeikus Love-Lies-Bleeding 119 Amarantus tricolor Joseph's Coat , 119 KJomphrena globosa . Globe Amaranth 119 K^elosia cristala Celosia 120 i^elanthera . Alternanthera 122 J^resine Herbstii . . Achyranthes • 123 H^JvCTAGINACEiE . Four-o'Clock Family (