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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924031682119 
 
Cornell University Library 
 
 arV14921 
 
 Paris universal exposition MpCCC^XVIIl. 
 
 3 1924 031 682 119 
 
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UNITED STATES EXHIBITION OF 
 EDUCATION 
 
 ^^D^ 
 
Promote as an object of primaiy 
 importance institutions for 
 tlie general diffusion 
 of know- 
 ledge. 
 Washington. 
 
Paris Universal Exposition 
 Mdccc Lxxviii 
 
 THE CATALOGUE of 
 
 The United States Collective 
 Exhibition of Education 
 
 Compiled by John D. Philbrick and published by 
 Direction of the Commissioner-General 
 
 London : Printed at the Chiswick Press 
 
 Mdccc Lxxviii 
 
C'est dans le gouvernement repub- 
 
 licain que Ton a besoin de 
 
 toute la puissance 
 
 de I'educa- 
 
 tion. 
 Montesquieu. 
 
 <H 
 
 President W 
 Library 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Prefatory Note 7 
 
 II 
 Statement of the Theory of Education in the United States 1 1 
 
 Statistical Summaries 31 
 
 IV 
 
 Official Scheme of the Educational Exposition 41 
 
 V 
 Catalogue of Exhibits 
 
 1 United States Bureau of Education 43 
 
 2 Alphabetical List 52 
 
 VI 
 Appendix 
 
 1 Circular issued in preparing the Exhibition 115 
 
 2 The Distribution of Responsibility, from the Report 
 
 of the Commissioner of Education 121 
 
 B 2 
 
L'instruction publique est gratuite clans tous les 
 Etats de I'Union. 
 
 I have no conception of any manner in which the popular 
 republican institutions under which we live could possibly be 
 pi'eserved, if early education were not freely furnished to all, by 
 public law, in such forms that all shall gladly avail themselves 
 of it. 
 
 As the present tendency of things almost everywhere is to ex- 
 tend popular power, the peace and well-being of society require, 
 at the same time, a corresponding extension of popular know- 
 ' ledge. — Webster. 
 
PREFATORY NOTE 
 
 HE Resolution of Congress, in relation to the 
 participation of the United States in the 
 Universal Exposition, made no provision for 
 an exhibition of Education. The present 
 Exhibition is therefore due to the initiative of the Com- 
 missioner-General, the Hon. R. C. McCormick, who, 
 with the consent of the Secretary of State, appointed 
 the undersigned " Superintendent of the Department of 
 Education in the Exhibition of the United States," with 
 instructions to prepare a collective exhibition of Edu- 
 cation, and for that purpose, to avail himself of the 
 facilities of the Bureau of Education, and to act in 
 accordance with the advice of its chief. Commissioner 
 Eaton. 
 
 The character of the Exhibition was determined 
 largely by the conditions under which it had to be un- 
 dertaken, if undertaken at all. Only a limited amount 
 of space and means could be set apart for it, and the 
 time left for preparation was too short for the elabora- 
 tion of materials. It was necessary, therefore, to make 
 
8 EXHIBITION OP EDUCATION 
 
 choice of such as would require little or no time in the 
 preparation, involve very moderate expense, and occupy 
 the smallest possible amount of space. 
 
 The aim was to represent, as far as practicable in 
 view of these limitations, the different grades and sys- 
 tems of education, both general and special, not only in 
 respect to the materials and appliances of instruction and 
 training, but also in respect to the results attained, — 
 to bring together types, specimens, and illustrations as 
 representations of their respective categories, com- 
 prising — the kindergarten ; the elementary common 
 school, graded and ungraded ; the normal school, city 
 and state; the free high school, the incorporated aca- 
 demy, the preparatory schools, and the female semi-i 
 nary ; the college for men, and the college for women ; 
 the college in its original normal organization, with no 
 special school attached, and the college in its modified 
 organization, with one or more connected special 
 schools ; the principal types of the universities and 
 higher technical schools ; the institutions for the edu- 
 cation of the feeble-minded, the deaf and dumb, and 
 the blind ; and the public libraries which have become 
 a very important means of popular education. 
 
 Unity was the controlling principle of the scheme. 
 It was the design to represent the condition and pro- 
 gress of the education of the country as a whole, dis- 
 regarding, as far as possible, sectional divisions and 
 state lines, and thus to make the Exhibition truly na- 
 tional in its character, as well as collective. But the 
 materials had to be furnished by voluntary contribution, 
 and it was necessary to apply for contributions to state 
 and municipal authorities, and to make a selection of 
 
PREFATORY NOTE g 
 
 such as were offered. Hence, if certain states and 
 cities figure conspicuously in the Exhibition and in the 
 catalogue, it is not necessary to infer from this fact 
 that they were in all cases selected as the best repre- 
 sentative types, but rather that their educational officials 
 were exceptionally prompt and liberal in their offers of 
 materials. 
 
 It will be seen that the plan of the Exhibition in- 
 volved a complication of interests which had to be re- 
 garded. Its object was to afford educational students 
 of all nationalities the means of studying the organiza- 
 tion, working, and results of our system of education 
 as a whole, and it was necessary to keep this ob- 
 ject uppermost and foremost in all the plans and ar- 
 rangements. And yet all the materials to be employed 
 for this purpose were contributed with the hope and 
 expectation on the part of the contributors of receiving 
 individual recognition in proportion to their merits. 
 The whole number of contributors thus interested, as 
 shown by the list, amounts to about two hundred. It 
 was not possible, under the circumstances, to display 
 every exhibit to the best advantage ; but no pains have 
 been spared in doing justice to all the interests concerned, 
 both public and private. 
 
 Four kinds of materials enter into the composition of 
 an educational exhibition : 
 
 I. Illustrations of educational buildings with their 
 furniture and fittings. 
 
 II. Illustrations and specimens of appliances and ap- 
 paratus for instruction and training. 
 
 III. Scholars' work, literary, scientific, mechanical, 
 and artistic. 
 
10 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 IV. Educational literature, embracing all printed 
 matter bearing directly on education. 
 
 Although this classification has not been adopted for 
 the catalogue, it was observed in the collection of 
 materials, and carried out in the installation as far as 
 the limitation of space and a due regard to comeliness of 
 appearance would permit. 
 
 Although the intention was, as has been stated, to 
 make up the exhibition of specimens only, an important 
 exception to this rule is found in the matter of text- 
 books. Here the aim was to make as complete a col- 
 lection as possible, without regard to their character or 
 grade. For examination by the juries they were ar- 
 ranged by publishers ; they have since been rearranged 
 according to subjects, for the convenience of visitors who 
 wish to examine them. The whole number of volumes 
 in the division of educational literature, amounts to 
 about 2,500 ; and there are upwards of 800 volumes 
 of scholars' work, many of them containing 400 speci- 
 mens and upwards in each. 
 
 The undersigned would avail himself of this oppor- 
 tunity to express his thanks for the co-operation and 
 assistance which have been rendered him in connection 
 with the exhibition, and especially to the Commissioner- 
 General, for his cordial and liberal support, and to the 
 Bureau of Education and its able and worthy Chief. 
 
 JOHN D. PHILBRICK. 
 
STATEMENT OF THE THEORY OF 
 
 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED 
 
 STATES 
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 S HIS Statement was prepared about four years 
 ago, under the direction of the United States 
 Commissioner of Education, by Duane Doty, 
 then Superintendent of the Schools of Detroit, 
 now of Chicago, and William T. Harris, Superintendent 
 of the Schools of St Louis. About eighty of the leading 
 educational officials of the country appended to it their 
 names in testimony of their approval. 
 
 It was issued as a publication of the National Bureau 
 of Education, with an introductory letter by the Com- 
 missioner, in which he says : " In view of the constant 
 demands made upon this Bureau, especially by foreign 
 investigators, for a statement of the school system in this 
 country, and in view of the natural tendency of such 
 foreigners to fall into the error of supposing that there 
 is a national system of education under control of the 
 General Government of the United States ; and, more- 
 
12 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 over, in consideration of the dangers that have been and 
 are threatening the welfare of the free public school 
 system of many of the States, a clear statement of such 
 fundamental principles as all American educators can 
 agree upon seems most timely, as furnishing to the 
 friends of education everywhere a ready means of refut- 
 ing the false assertions of those who oppose the estab- 
 lishment and prosperity of the free schools in their 
 several localities." 
 
 J. D. P. 
 
STATEMENT 
 
 I 
 
 HE American school system is an organic 
 or historic growth, having its origin in at- 
 tempts made to supply social and political 
 needs. 
 
 II 
 
 By the Constitution of the United States, no powers 
 are vested in the central Government of the nation, un- 
 less the same relate immediately to the support and 
 defence of the whole people, to their intercourse with 
 foreign powers, or to the subordination of the several 
 States composing the Union. Military education for the 
 army and navy only has been directly provided for by 
 the national Government ; and the further action in aid 
 of education has been limited to endowments in the form 
 of land-grants to the several States, or portions thereof, 
 for the purpose of providing a fund for the support of 
 common schools or to found colleges for the promotion 
 of scientific agriculture, and the mechanic arts. Univer- 
 sities also have been endowed by the United States 
 
14 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Government in all the new States since the Northwest 
 Territory was organized in 1787. Recently (in 1867) a 
 Bureau of Education has been established at the seat of 
 Government, and a national Commissioner appointed, 
 who collects statistics and disseminates valuable infor- 
 mation relating to all educational subjects. To the. 
 several States individually is left, for the most part, the 
 local administration of justice, as well as the establish- 
 ment of public agencies for the well-being of the civil 
 and social community in its industrial, economical, social, 
 and spiritual aspects. 
 
 Ill 
 The general form of the national Government is 
 largely copied in the civil organization of the particular 
 States, and no powers or functions of an administrative 
 character are ordinarily exercised by the State as a 
 whole which concern only the particular interests and well- 
 being of the subordinate organizations or corporations 
 into which the State is divided for judicial and munici- 
 pal purposes ; but the State usually vests these local 
 powers and functions in the corporations themselves, 
 such' as counties, townships, and cities. The power of 
 the State over these local corporations is complete ; but 
 they are generally allowed large legislative and adminis- 
 trative powers of a purely local character, while the State 
 ordinarily confines its action and legislation to matters in 
 which the people of the whole State are interested. 
 
 IV 
 Citizenship in the nation is defined by Articles XIV. 
 and XV. of Amendments to the Constitution, and is uni- 
 form, including every native and all naturalized persons. 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 15 
 
 The right of voting and holding office is not inherent in 
 citizenship, but is given to such as the States or the 
 General Government determine, except that neither 
 race nor colour can be allowed as a test. Each State- 
 constitution defines the qualifications necessary for the 
 exercise of the political functions of holding office in the 
 civil government and electing the citizens who are to fill 
 such offices. The State, in its entire existence, is a 
 teflex of the people thus defined as its electors. In their 
 hands collectively is vested the ultimate responsibility 
 for all the power which is expressed through the organism 
 of the State, or, less directly, through the nation itself. 
 Upon the several States individually, in which is vested 
 the power of defining the qualifications of the electors 
 who choose by ballot the representatives that make and 
 execute the laws of the land, rests the responsibility of 
 making provision for the education of those charged 
 with the primary political functions. This responsi- 
 bility has been generally recognized in the establish- 
 ment, by legislative enactment, of a system of free 
 common schools, supported in part by State school- 
 funds accumulated from national grants of lands and 
 from appropriations made from the State revenue, and 
 in part by local taxation or assessment made upon those 
 directly benefited by the schools themselves. The local 
 direction and management of the schools are left to the 
 municipalities or to the local corporate bodies organized 
 for the special purpose, and a general supervision is re- 
 served to itself by the State. In some States, compulsory 
 educational laws have been passed ; not, however, re- 
 quiring those who are taught in other ways to resort to 
 the public schools. 
 
i6 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 The State arranges the school system and designates 
 the various kinds of schools to be supported and managed 
 by the public authorities, and sometimes prescribes more 
 or less of the branches of knowledge to be taught; pro- 
 vides how districts may be created, divided, or consoli- 
 dated with others and how moneys may be raised by or 
 for them ; prescribes their organization, officers and 
 their powers, and the time and manner of filling and 
 vacating offices and the functions of each officer ; pre- 
 scribes the school-age and conditions of attendance ; 
 and provides in some cases for the investment and 
 application of the school-funds derived from the General 
 Government. The local municipalities organize school- 
 districts under State-laws, elect school-officers, and levy 
 and collect taxes for school purposes. The local school- 
 officers examine, appoint, and fix the salaries of teachers 
 when not otherwise done, build school-houses, procure 
 school-supplies, arrange courses of study, prescribe the 
 rules and regulations for the government of the schools, 
 and administer the schools. 
 
 V 
 By the definitions before referred to, the privilege of 
 political participation in choosing those who administer 
 the government of the country is conferred upon the 
 people at large, with certain general limitations as to 
 sex and age, and certain specific limitations regarding 
 the naturalization of aliens (and, until recently, in some 
 States regarding race or colour) or the possession of 
 property or intelligence, &c. The general participation 
 of all the people in the primary political functions of 
 election, together with the almost complete localization 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 17 
 
 of self-government by local administration, renders 
 necessary the education of all, without distinction of sex, 
 social rank, wealth, or natural abilities. This position is 
 generally recognized in theory and practice. 
 
 VI 
 
 In proportion to its degree of localization, the admi- 
 nistration of the government becomes charged with the 
 interests of civil society, and thus directly concerned in 
 the creation and distribution of wealth, and the personal 
 well-being of the individual in the community. The 
 National Government and the State Governments re- 
 gard education as a proper subject for legislation, on the 
 ground of the necessity of educated intelligence among 
 a people that is to furnish law-abiding citizens, well 
 versed in the law they are to obey, and likewise law- 
 making citizens, well versed in the social, historic, and 
 political conditions which give occasion to new laws, and 
 shape their provisions. But the municipal or local cor- 
 porations, in which are vested the direct control and 
 management of educational institutions and the collec- 
 tion and disbursement of the funds necessary for their 
 support, regard education in its social and economic 
 aspects as well as in the more general one of its political 
 function. Hence, all communities, in their local capacity, 
 exceed the limits prescribed by the State in their pro- 
 visions for popular education, and they do this in the 
 ratio of their grade of advancement in wealth and social 
 culture. The productive industry of the community is 
 known to have a direct relation to the diffusion of edu- 
 cated intelligence therein. 
 
 c 
 
i8 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 VII 
 The idea of the State, and the idea of civil society — 
 the former the idea of the actualization of justice and 
 the latter that of the supply of human wants and neces- 
 sities through the creation and distribution of wealth — 
 conspire, by general consent, in the production of the 
 American system of public education ; and to its main- 
 tenance and support the property of the community is 
 made to contribute by taxation. Both the preservation 
 of property by the actualization of justice and the in- 
 crease of property by productive industry are directly 
 conditioned, in a republic, upon the educated intelli- 
 gence of the people. This is so especially in that species 
 of incorporeal property of the nature of franchises, such 
 as constitute the basis of those corporate combinations 
 formed for the promotion of manufactures and com- 
 merce, the creation of transit facilities, and the diffusion 
 of information (patent-rights, charters for railroads, 
 canals, telegraphs, banks of issue, insurance companies, 
 &c.) These franchises, vested in corporations, incite to 
 the production ofwealth to an extraordinary degree, 
 and at the same time make such a demand upon the com- 
 munity for directive intelligence that it may be said that 
 the modern industrial community cannot exist without 
 iree' popular education carried out in a system of schools 
 ascending from the primary grade to the university. And 
 without a free development of productive industry, en- 
 abling the individual to accumulate the wealth neces- 
 sary for the supply of the necessities of life faster than 
 
 ' Public instruction is free in all the States of the Union, that 
 is, the tuition is furnished gratuitously ; and in some muni- 
 cipalities the text-books and stationery are also free. — J. D. P. 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION' 19 
 
 he consumes them, there is not left the leisure requisite 
 to that cultivation of intelligence needed in the theo- 
 retical discussion and comprehension of public affairs ; 
 and without such occupation of the individual with 
 public affairs a democracy could exist only in name. 
 
 VIII 
 
 The past and present history of the United States 
 exhibits a process of development comprising three 
 stages : 
 
 (a) The settlement of new territory by pioneers, and 
 the reduction of the wilderness to an agricultural 
 country. 
 
 (6) The rise of commercial towns and the creation of 
 transit facilities in the new regions. 
 
 (c) The development of manufacturing centres, and 
 the ascendency of domestic commerce. 
 
 In consequence of this constant spectacle of the en- 
 tire process of founding a civilization and developing it 
 from the rudimentary stages up to the completed type, 
 there is produced a peculiar phase of character in the 
 American people. There is always unlimited oppor- 
 tunity for the individual to build anew his fortunes 
 when disaster has overtaken him in one locality. 
 
 As a consequence of the perpetual migration from the 
 older sections of the country to the unoccupied terri- 
 tories, there are new States in all degrees of formation, 
 and their institutions present earlier phases of realiza- 
 tion of the distinctive type than are presented in the 
 mature growth of the system as it exists in the thickly- 
 settled and older States. Thus States are to be found 
 with little or no provision for education, but they are 
 
20 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 rudimentary forms of the American State, and are 
 adopting, as rapidly as immigration enables them to do 
 so, the type of educational institutions already defined 
 as the result of the American political and social ideas. 
 
 IX 
 The education of the people in schools is a phase of 
 education lying between the earliest period of family- 
 nurture, which is still a concomitant and powerful auxi- 
 liary, on the one hand, and the necessary initiation 
 into the specialities of a vocation in practical life on the 
 other. In America, the peculiarities of civil society, 
 and the political organization draw the child out of the 
 influence of family nurture earlier than is common in 
 other countries. The frequent separation of the younger 
 branches of the family from the old stock renders family 
 influence less powerful in moulding character. The 
 consequence of this is the increased importance of the 
 school in an ethical point of view. 
 
 X 
 
 In order to compensate for lack of family nurture, the 
 school is obliged to lay more stress upon discipline, and 
 to make far more prominent the moral phase of edu- 
 cation. It is obliged to train the pupil into habits of 
 prompt obedience to his teachers and the practice of 
 self-control in its various forms, in order that he may 
 be prepared for a life wherein there is little police re- 
 straint on the part of the constituted authorities. 
 
 XI 
 The school-discipline, in its phase of substitute for 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 21 
 
 the family, uses corrective punishment, which presup- 
 poses a feeble development of the sense of honour in the 
 child. It is mostly corporal punishment. But in the 
 phase wherein the school performs the function of pre- 
 paring the pupil for the formal government of the State, 
 it uses retributive punishment, and suspends the pupil 
 from some or all the privileges of the school. In this 
 phase of discipline, a sense of honour is presupposed 
 and strengthened. 
 
 XII 
 In commercial cities and towns the tendency pre- 
 ponderates towards forms of punishment founded on the 
 sense of honour and towards the entire disuse of cor- 
 poral punishment. This object has been successfully 
 accomplished in New York, Chicago, Syracuse, and 
 some other cities.' In the schools of the country, 
 where the agricultural interest prevails, the tendency 
 to the family form of government is marked. 
 
 XIII 
 A further difference between the discipline of city 
 schools and that of country schools is founded partly on 
 the fact that the former schools are usually quite large, 
 assembling from three hundred to fifteen hundred pupils 
 in one building, while the latter have commonly less 
 than fifty pupils. In the former, the large numbers 
 admit of good classification ; in the latter, classes are 
 quite small, sometimes containing only a single pupil, 
 and the discipline of combination is consequently feebly 
 developed. The commercial tone prevalent in the city 
 tends to develop in its schools quick, alert habits, and 
 
 ' Recent reports of the Superintendent of Schools of New 
 York indicate a different result in that city. — ^J. D. P. 
 C 2 
 
22 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 readiness to combine with others in their tasks. Military 
 precision is required in the manceuvring of classes. 
 Great stress is laid upon (l) punctuality, (2) regularity, 
 (3) attention, and (4) silence, as habits necessary 
 through life for successful combination with one's fellow- 
 men in an industrial and commercial civilization. 
 
 XIV 
 
 The course of study is laid down with the view to 
 giving the pupil the readiest and most thorough prac- 
 tical command of those conventionalities of intelligence, 
 those arts and acquirements which are the means of 
 directive power and of further self-education. These 
 preliminary ediacational accomplishments open at once 
 to the mind of the pupil two opposite directions : («) 
 the immediate mastery over the material world, for the 
 purpose of obtaining food, clothing, and shelter directly ; 
 (6) the initiation into the means of associating with one's 
 fellow-men, the world of humanity. 
 
 XV 
 
 (a) The first theoretical study necessary for the 
 mastery over the material world is arithmetic — the. 
 quantification of objects as regards numbers. 
 
 In American schools this is looked upon as of so 
 much importance that more time is given to it than to 
 any other study of the course. Its cultivation of the 
 habit of attention and accuracy is especially valued. 
 
 After arithmetic follows geography, in a parallel di- 
 rection, looking towards natural history. Arithmetic is 
 taught from the first entrance into school, while geo- 
 graphy is begun as soon as the pupil can read well. 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 23 
 
 XVI 
 
 (b) The first theoretical study necessary to facilitate 
 combination of man with his fellow-men is reading the 
 printed page. Accordingly, the prevailing custom in 
 American schools is to place a book in the hands of the 
 child when he first enters school and to begin his in- 
 struction with teaching him how to read. As soon as 
 he can read he is able to begin to learn to study books 
 for himself, and thus to acquire stores of knowledge by 
 his own efforts. The art of writing is learned in con- 
 nection with reading. This culture, in the direction of 
 knowing the feelings, sentiments, and ideas of mankind, 
 is continued throughout the course by a graded series 
 of readers, containing selections of the gems from the 
 literature of the language, both prose and verse. This 
 culture is re-enforced about the fifth year of the course 
 by the study of English grammar, hi which, under a 
 thin veil, the pupil learns to discern the categories of 
 the mind and to separate them analytically from modi- 
 fying surroundings and define them. The common 
 forms of thought and of its expression are thus mas- 
 tered, and in this way the pupil is to some extent 
 initiated into pure thought, and acquires the ability to 
 resolve problems of the material world and of his own 
 life into their radical elements. The study of the his- 
 tory of the United States (and, in most instances, of the 
 national Constitution) carries on this culture by the 
 contemplation of the peculiarities of his nation as ex- 
 hibited in its historic relations. 
 
 XVII 
 The cardinal studies of the " common school " are 
 
24 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 (l) reading and writing, (2) grammar, (3) arithmetic, 
 (4) geography; the first two look towards mastery 
 over spiritual combination ; the latter two, over ma- 
 terial combination. The common school aims to give 
 the pupil the great arts of receiving and communicating 
 intelligence. Drawing and vocal music are taught quite 
 generally, and the rudiments of natural science are 
 taught orally in most city schools. Declamation of 
 oratorical selections is a favourite exercise, and is sup- 
 posed to fit the youth for public and political life. 
 Debating societies are formed for the same purpose. 
 
 XVIII 
 
 The secondary education, carried on in "high schools,'' 
 " academies," and " seminaries," to the studies of the 
 common school adds: (1) On the side of theoretical 
 command of material means : (a) algebra, geometry, 
 calculus, and some forms of engineering (surveying, 
 navigation, &c.) ; (6) natural philosophy or physics 
 (i.e., nature quantitatively considered) ; (c) physical 
 geography or natural history (nature organically con- 
 sidered). (2) On the side of the humanities : (a) rhe- 
 toric, (6) English literature, (c) Latin (the basis of the 
 English vocabulary, as regards generalization and re- 
 flection as well as social refinement), (d) a modern 
 language, commonly German or French, of which the 
 latter serves the same general purpose as Latin, in 
 giving to English-speaking people a readier command, 
 a more intuitive sense of the meaning of the vocabulary 
 of words contributed by the Roman civilization to mo- 
 dern languages, and especially to the English (whose 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 25 
 
 vocabulary is chiefly Roman, though its grammatical 
 form is Gothic). 
 
 The high schools generally form a portion of the free 
 public school system ; the academies and seminaries 
 are generally founded and supported by private enter- 
 prise or religious zeal, and are not controlled or inter- 
 fered with by the State, although many of them are 
 chartered by it and are free from taxation. 
 
 XIX 
 
 The highest form of school education is found in the 
 colleges and universities scattered through the country, 
 some under the control and support of the State, but 
 far the larger number founded and supported by re- 
 ligious denominations or private endowment and tuition 
 fees from the students. All, or nearly all, of them are 
 chartered by the State, and their property is exempt 
 from taxation. These institutions support one or more 
 of the following courses : — 
 
 (a) Academic course, generally of four years, a con- 
 tinuation of the secondary education as herein de- 
 scribed, embracing a course in Latin and Greek, French 
 and German, higher mathematics, and some of their ap- 
 plications, the general technics of the natural sciences, 
 and also of the social and political sciences, belles- 
 lettres and universal history, logic, metaphysics, and 
 moral philosophy ; (6) a scientific school ; (e) a law- 
 school ; (rf) a medical school ; (e) a theological seminary; 
 (/) a normal school (for the training of teachers ; this 
 is seldom found except in State universities, but is 
 usually a separate institution, founded by the State or 
 municipality). 
 
26 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 The academic course is the college course proper ; 
 when united to the others it forms a " university." 
 
 XX 
 
 » The general system of instruction lays special em- 
 phasis on the use of text-books, and the prevalent ten- 
 dency is towards giving the pupil an initiation into the 
 method of using the printed page in the form of books 
 and periodicals for the purpose of obtaining information 
 from the recorded experience of his fellow-men; but in 
 many schools and systems of schools equal or greater 
 stress is laid upon the practical method of conducting 
 investigations for the purpose of verification and of 
 original discovery. 
 
 XXI 
 
 In the Northern States the coloured population (being 
 small in number) usually attend the same schools as 
 the white population. In those States in which the 
 coloured people are very numerous, separate schools, 
 with few exceptions, are established for them. 
 
 XXII 
 In the country girls and boys attend the same school ; 
 in some of the older cities the sexes are educated 
 together in the primary schools, but separated in the 
 grammar and high schools. The course of study is 
 generally the same for boys and girls. In cities of 
 most recent growth, the co-education of the sexes pre- 
 vails from the primary school up through the higher 
 grades, and some colleges admit both sexes.' There are 
 
 ' San Francisco is an exception. — J. D. P. 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 27 
 
 also colleges established for the education of women 
 alone. 
 
 XXIII 
 
 Private schools, supported by individual enterprise 
 or by corporations and religious denominations, are 
 numerous, and the course of study in them is nearly the 
 same as in the public schools, except in laying more 
 stress upon certain ornamental branches, such as vocal 
 and instrumental music, French, drawing and painting, 
 embroidery, &c. 
 
 These schools are more frequently for the separate 
 education of the sexes, and for secondary education. 
 Very many academies and seminaries have been founded 
 with a view to supplying the Christian ministry with 
 clergymen. There are some denominations more or 
 less hostile to the public school system because of its 
 secularity, and these favour a division of the school 
 funds so as to allow each denomination to carry on its 
 own school system. 
 
 XXIV 
 
 Sectarian instruction is not given in the public schools. 
 Religious, particularly sectarian, training is accom- 
 plished mainly in families and by the several denomi- 
 nations in their Sunday-schools or in special classes 
 that recite their catechisms at stated intervals during 
 the week. It is quite a common practice to open or 
 close the public schools with Bible reading and prayer. 
 Singing of religious hymns by the entire school is still 
 more common. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Free evening schools are common in cities, to provide 
 
28 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 means of improvement for adults and for youths who 
 are prevented from attending the day-schools by reason 
 of some useful employment. Special attention is given 
 in them to reading, writing, and arithmetic, and to 
 certain industrial studies, such as book-keeping, line- 
 drawing, &c. 
 
 XXVI 
 
 Schools for unfortunates, including reform schools for. 
 vicious children, asylums for the blind, insane, deaf and 
 dumb, idiots, and orphans, are usually established by 
 the State-government directly, and less frequently by 
 municipal corporations, and to some extent by religious 
 denominations. In cities, truant-schools, established by 
 the municipal authorities, are becoming common, and 
 seem to be necessary where compulsory-attendance 
 laws exist. 
 
 XXVII 
 
 In the city schools female teachers largely prepon- 
 derate, composing frequently 90 per cent, of the entire 
 corps of teachers. In country schools the proportion 
 is very much smaller, but has increased considerably in 
 late years. The pupil, coming directly from home in- 
 fluence, finds a less abrupt change upon entering the 
 school under the charge of a female teacher. The 
 female character, being trained by experience in family 
 supervision to the administration of special details 
 wherein division of labour cannot prevail to any great 
 extent, is eminently fitted to control and manage the 
 education of the child while it is in a state of transition 
 from caprice to rationally-regulated exercise of the 
 will ; and the development of individuality is generally 
 more harmonious up to a certain age if the pupil is 
 
THEORY OF EDUCATION 29 
 
 placed under female teachers. The comparatively small 
 cost of female labour, also, largely determines its em- 
 ployment in all public schools. 
 
 XXVIII 
 The ratio of the entire population in school varies 
 from 16 per cent, in some cities down to 5 per cent., or 
 even 3 per cent, in some agricultural sections. City- 
 schools generally hold their sessions daily — from 9 to 
 1 2 a.m. and from 1 to 4 p.m., with a recess of a quarter 
 of an hour in each session — for five days in the week, 
 and for about ten months in the year, two months or 
 less being allowed for vacations. In some cities the 
 plan of half-day schools for young children has been 
 tried, and in many cities such children are not confined 
 to the school-room more than four hours a day. The 
 school-age of the pupil generally begins at six years 
 and ends at sixteen, but in the cooler climates of the 
 northern sections it begins earlier and lasts longer ; the 
 school-sessions are usually longer in the colder climates. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 The salaries paid teachers indicate somewhat the 
 estimate placed upon their work by the public. For 
 some years there has been a steady increase in salaries. 
 Better qualifications have been brought to the work, 
 and teaching, particularly in cities, has become a regular 
 occupation. Teachers mingle freely in the best social 
 circles and enjoy the respect of the community. 
 
 XXX 
 
 Educational journals are published in nearly every 
 
30 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 State. These journals are sometimes published by the 
 State-superintendent of pubh'c instruction, sometimes by 
 committees appointed by State-associations of teachers, 
 and more frequently by individuals. In addition to 
 these periodicals, there are many local educational 
 papers issued by city or county-teachers' associations, 
 and some of the secular papers have educational de- 
 partments. The State and city educational reports take 
 rank among the ablest of our public documents. 
 
STATISTICAL SUMMARIES 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION 
 
 FOR THE YEAR 1876 
 
 Introductory Note 
 
 9N examining the following summaries, it is 
 important to bear in mind that they are de- 
 rived from statistical information voluntarily 
 furnished in response to circulars of inquiry 
 sent to educational officials by the Commissioner, as he 
 is not invested with authority to require returns to be 
 made to the Bureau of Education, the agency under 
 his direction, through which his operations are carried 
 on. One object in presenting the comparative view 
 contained in these tables is to show the increasing 
 completeness, from year to year, in the returns thus 
 voluntarily furnished. It will be observed that in some 
 items the returns are much more complete than in 
 others ; for example, while nearly every state and terri- 
 tory reports the " number enrolled," only twenty-seven 
 out of the thirty-eight states report the "number in 
 
32 
 
 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 daily attendance," and this accounts in part for the great 
 difference between those numbers. It will be observed 
 that the "school population" is far greater than the 
 number enrolled ; this difference is largely due to the 
 fact, that in a majority of the states "school popula- 
 tion '' means the number of those persons who are be- 
 tween six and twenty-one years old, which is obviously 
 a much larger number than could be expected to be 
 enrolled as pupils in schools. — J. D. P. 
 
 Statistical Summaby, showing thk School Population, 
 Enrolment, AND Attendance for 1871, 1872, 1873, 
 1874, 1875, and 1876, as Collected by the Bureau 
 OF Edl'cation 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 
 
 
 Reporting 
 
 
 In 
 
 
 Year 
 
 States 
 
 Teiri- 
 tories 
 
 In States 
 
 Territories 
 
 / 
 
 187I 
 
 29 
 
 — 
 
 9,632,969 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 37 
 
 7 
 
 12,740,751 
 
 88,097 
 
 School Popula- ! 
 tion 1 
 
 1873 
 
 37 
 
 11 
 
 13.324,797 
 
 134,128 
 
 1874 
 
 37 
 
 II 
 
 13,735,672 
 
 139,378 
 
 
 1875 
 
 36 
 
 8 
 
 13,889,837 
 
 117,685 
 
 
 1876 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 14,121,526 
 
 101,465 
 
 Number enrol- 
 
 1871 
 
 28 
 
 — 
 
 6,393,085 
 
 — 
 
 1872 
 
 34 
 
 7 
 
 7,327,415 
 
 52,241 
 
 led in Public - 
 
 Schools 
 
 1873 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 7,865,628 
 
 69,968 
 
 1874 
 
 34 
 
 II 
 
 8,030,772 
 
 69,209 
 
 
 1875 
 
 37 
 
 II 
 
 8,678,737 
 
 77,922 
 
 
 1876 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 8,293,563 
 
 70,175 
 
 i 
 
 1871 
 
 25 
 
 — 
 
 3,661,739 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 28 
 
 4 
 
 4,081,569 
 
 28,956 
 
 Number ip daily r 
 attendance j 
 
 1873 
 
 31 
 
 5 
 
 4,166,062 
 
 33,677 
 
 1874 
 
 30 
 
 4 
 
 4,488,075 
 
 33,489 
 
 
 1875 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 4,215,380 
 
 36,428 
 
 ^ 
 
 1876 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 4,032,632 
 
 34,216 
 
 Number of Pu- 
 
 1871 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 328,170 
 
 
 1872 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 356,691 
 
 7,592 
 
 pils in Private \ 
 Schools 
 
 1873 
 
 22 
 
 S 
 
 472,483 
 
 7,859 
 
 1874 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 352,460 
 
 10,128 
 
 
 1875 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 186,385 
 
 13,237 
 
 ^ 
 
 1876 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 228,867 
 
 9,137 
 
STATISTICAL SUMMARIES 
 Statistical Summary, continued. 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 Number 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 Reporting 
 
 
 In 
 
 
 Year 
 
 States 
 
 Terri- 
 
 In Stales 
 
 Territories 
 
 
 1871 
 
 
 tories 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 26 
 
 — 
 
 180,635 
 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 33 
 
 7 
 
 216,062 
 
 1,177 
 
 Total number of 
 
 1873 
 
 35 
 
 6 
 
 215,210 
 
 1,511 
 
 Teachers 
 
 1874 
 
 35 
 
 8 
 
 239,153 
 
 1,427 
 
 
 1875 
 
 36 
 
 9 
 
 247,423 
 
 1,839 
 
 
 1856 
 
 37 
 
 9 
 
 247,557 
 
 1,726 
 
 / 
 
 1871 
 
 24 
 
 — 
 
 66,949 
 
 — 
 
 
 1872 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 81,135 
 
 374 
 
 Number of Male _ 
 Teachers 
 
 «873 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 75,321 
 
 529 
 
 1874 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 87,395 
 
 499 
 
 
 1875 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 97,796 
 
 656 
 
 
 1876 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 95,483 
 
 678 
 
 ( 
 
 1871 
 
 24 
 
 — 
 
 108,743 
 
 — 
 
 1 
 
 1872 
 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 123,547 
 
 633 
 
 Number of Fe- J 
 male Teachers ] 
 
 1873 
 
 28 
 
 5 
 
 103,734 
 
 786 
 
 1874 
 
 28 
 
 7 
 
 129,049 
 
 731 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 187s 
 
 31 
 
 8 
 
 132,185 
 
 
 I 
 
 1876 
 
 32 
 
 9 
 
 135.644 
 
 898 
 
 ( 
 
 1871 
 
 30 
 
 — 
 
 64,594,919 
 
 — 
 
 \ 
 
 1872 
 
 35 
 
 6 
 
 71,988,718 
 
 641,551 
 
 Public School 
 Income 
 
 1873 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 80,081,583 
 
 844,666 
 
 1874 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 81,277,686 
 
 881,219 
 
 
 1875 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 87,527,278 
 
 1,121,672 
 
 . 
 
 1876 
 
 38 
 
 9 
 
 86,632,067 
 
 717,416 
 
 / 
 
 1871 
 
 24 
 
 ■ — 
 
 61,179,220 
 
 — 
 
 
 1872 
 
 31 
 
 6 
 
 70,035,925 
 
 856,056 
 
 Bublic School _ 
 Expenditure 
 
 1873 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 77,780,016 
 
 995,422 
 
 1874 
 
 35 
 
 9 
 
 74,169,217 
 
 805,121 
 
 
 187s 
 
 34 
 
 9 
 
 80,950,333 
 
 982,621 
 
 
 1876 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 83,078,596 
 
 926,737 
 
 / 
 
 1871 
 
 19 ! 
 
 — 
 
 41,466,854 
 
 
 
 1872 
 
 31 
 
 I 
 
 65,850,572 
 
 64,385 
 
 Perm anen t 
 
 1873 
 
 28 
 
 I 
 
 77,870,887 
 
 137,507 
 
 School Fund 
 
 1874 
 
 28 I 
 
 — 
 
 75,251,008 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 28 1 
 
 3 
 
 81,486,158 
 
 323,236 
 
 V. 
 
 1876 
 
 30 1 
 
 2 
 
 97,227,909 
 
 1,526,961 
 
34 
 
 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 City Schools 
 
 A summary of the returns from 192 cities, having 
 
 each over 7,500 inhabitants : — 
 Estimated present population . . 9,128,955 
 
 School population .... 2,205,007 
 Number of school buildings . 2,997 
 
 Number of sittings for study . . 821,650 
 
 Number of teachers . . . 23,504 
 
 Whole number enrolled . . . 1,343,487 
 
 Average daily attendance . . . 835,255 
 
 Estimated enrolment in private 
 
 schools . . . . 352,264 
 
 Estimated cash value of taxable pro- 
 perty in the city . . . $6,808,057,159 
 Estimated real value of property 
 
 used for school purposes . $77,128,654 
 
 Total receipts for the year 1876 $24,503,025 
 
 Total expenditures for the year 
 
 1876 $25,016,526 
 
 Normal Schooi-s 
 
 The following is a comparative summary of normal 
 schools, instructors, and pupils, reported to the Bureau 
 of Education, from 1870 to 1876 — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 „ instructors 
 
 ,, students 
 
 1870 I 1871 
 
 53| 65 
 
 178 445 
 
 10,0281 10,922 
 
 1872 j 1873 
 
 773 
 11,778 
 
 113 
 
 887 
 16,620 
 
 1874 
 
 124 
 
 966 
 
 24.405 
 
 1875 
 
 137 
 
 1,031 
 
 29,105 
 
 1876 
 
 I5» 
 
 1,065 
 
 33>92i 
 
 Commercial and Business Colleges 
 
 The following is a comparative exhibit of colleges for 
 business training, as reported to the Bureau of Edu- 
 cation, from 1870 to 1876 inclusive — 
 
 I 1870 1 18 I 
 
 Number of institutions 
 ,, instructors 
 
 ,, students 
 
 261 60 
 
 154! 168 
 5,8>4i 6,460 
 
 1872 1873 ■ 1874 I 187s 
 
 53I 112 126. 131 
 
 263 514 577 594 
 8,45ij22,397 25,892126,109 
 
 1876 
 
 137 
 
 599 
 
 25,234 
 
STATISTICAL SUMMARIES 
 
 35 
 
 Kindergartens 
 
 The number of Kindergartens, instructors, and pupils, 
 reported to the Bureau of Education, from 1873 to 
 1 876 inclusive — 
 
 1873 1874 
 
 1875 ] 1876 
 
 Number of institutions 
 „ instructors 
 
 , , pupils 
 
 73 
 
 55 
 las 
 
 1,252 j 1,636 
 
 95 
 
 216 
 
 2,809 
 
 130 
 
 364 
 
 4,090 
 
 Secondary Instruction 
 
 The following is a comparative summary of the num- 
 ber of institutions for secondary instruction, making 
 returns to the Bureau of Education, from 1871 to 1876 
 inclusive — 
 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 Number of institutions 
 ,, instructors 
 ,, students 
 
 638 
 
 3,171 
 
 80,227 
 
 811 
 4,501 
 98,929 
 
 944 
 
 5.058 
 
 118,570 
 
 1,031 
 5,466 
 98,179 
 
 6^081 
 108,235 
 
 1,229 
 106,647 
 
 Preparatory Schools 
 
 The following is a comparative statement of the 
 statistics of preparatory schools, as reported to the 
 Bureau of Education, from 1873 to 1876 inclusive — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 „ instructors . 
 
 , students 
 
 1873 1874 
 
 86 j 91 
 
 6go I 697 
 
 12.487' 11,414 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 102 
 
 746 
 
 12.954 
 
 15 
 
 736 
 
 12,369 
 
 Superior Instruction of Women 
 The following is a comparative summary of insti- 
 tutions, instructors, and pupils, as reported to the 
 Bureau of Education, from 1870 to 1876 inclusive — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 ,, instructors 
 „ students 
 
 1870 
 
 33 
 
 378 
 
 5.337 
 
 1871 
 
 136 
 1,161 
 
 1872 
 
 ■75 
 
 1,617 
 
 11,288 
 
 1873 
 
 2,120 
 24.613 
 
 1874 
 
 2og 
 2,285 
 23.445 
 
 1875 
 
 222 
 2,405 
 23.795 
 
 1876 
 
 225 
 2,404 
 23.856 
 
36 
 
 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Universities and Colleges 
 
 The following is a statement of the comparative 
 number of this class of institutions, with instructors and 
 students, as reported to the Bureau of Education, from 
 1870 to 1876, inclusive — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 ,, instructors 
 
 ,, students 
 
 1870 I 1871 
 
 266 290 
 
 2,823 2,962 
 
 49.163; 49.827 
 
 1872 
 
 298 
 3,040 
 45.617 
 
 1873 
 
 323 
 3,ioft 
 52.053 
 
 1874 
 
 187s 
 
 343 
 
 3.783 
 
 56,692 
 
 355 
 
 3,999 
 
 58,894 
 
 1876 
 
 356 
 
 3,920 
 
 56,48' 
 
 Schools of Science 
 
 The following statement shows the number of insti- 
 tutions and departments of this class, with instructors 
 and students, as reported to the Bureau of Education 
 in each year, from iSyoto 1876 inclusive. 
 
 The numbers under 1873, 1874, and 1875, include 
 the national military and naval academies — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 , , instructors 
 „ students 
 
 1870 
 
 17 
 144 
 
 1.413 
 
 4' 
 
 303 
 
 3.303 
 
 1872 
 
 70 
 
 724 
 5,395 
 
 1873 1874 1 1875 
 
 70 7^1 74 
 
 749 6og: 758 
 
 8.950 7.244 7.157 
 
 1876 
 
 75 
 
 793 
 
 7.614 
 
 Schools of Theology 
 
 The following is a comparative statement of the num- 
 ber of schools of theology (including theological de- 
 partments) reporting to the Bureau of Education each 
 year, from 1870 to 1876 inclusive, with the number of 
 professors and number of students — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 „ instructors 
 „ students 
 
 1870 
 
 80 
 
 339 
 
 3.254 
 
 1871 
 
 94 
 
 369 
 
 3.204 
 
 1872 ! 1873 
 
 104 1 no 
 
 435! 573 
 
 3,351 3,838 
 
 1874 I 1875 ' 1876 
 
 I131 1231 124 
 
 5791 61 5 j 580 
 
 4.356 5,2341 4,26i 
 
 Schools of Law 
 The following is a statement of the number of schools 
 of law reporting to the Bureau each year, from 1870 to 
 
STA TISTICAL SUMMARIES 
 
 37 
 
 1876 inclusive, with the number of instructors and 
 students — • 
 
 : 1870 1 187 1 ; 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 38 
 
 181 
 
 2.585 
 
 1875 
 
 43 
 
 224 
 
 2,677 
 
 1875 
 
 Number of institutions 28 I 30- 37 
 „ instructors 99 129 151 
 „ students 1,653 1^.722 j 1,976 
 
 2,174 
 
 42 
 
 218 
 
 2,664 
 
 Schools of Medicine 
 
 The following is a comparative statement of the 
 number of schools of medicine, dentistry, and phar- 
 macy reported to the Bureau of Education each year, 
 from 1870 to 1876 inclusive, with the number of in- 
 structors and students — 
 
 Number of institutions 
 ,, instructors 
 
 „ students 
 
 t87o 
 
 6,943 
 
 1871 
 
 82 
 
 750 
 
 7,045 
 
 1872 
 
 1B73 
 
 87 I 94 
 
 726 1,148 
 
 5,995 8,681 
 
 1874 
 
 99 
 
 I,T2I 
 9,095 
 
 1875 
 
 106 
 1,172 
 9,971 
 
 1876 
 
 102 
 
 1,201 
 
 10,143 
 
 Public Libraries 
 The following is a summary of the general statistical 
 tables of the " Special Report on Public Libraries in 
 the United States," published by the Bureau of Edu- 
 cation in October, 1876, with the addition of the totals 
 for the seventy-six additional libraries, which have since 
 reported to the Bureau — 
 
 Total number of libraries reported 3-723 
 
 number of volumes . . 12,376,473 
 
 yearly additions (1,556 libra- 
 ries reporting) . . . 441,722 
 yearly use of books (784 libra- 
 ries reporting) . . . 9,065,178 
 amount of permanent fund 
 
 (1,732 libraries reporting) . $6,523,747 
 amount of yearly income (879 
 
 libraries reporting) . . $1,329,703 
 
 yearly expenditure for books, 
 periodicals, and binding (814 
 libraries reporting) . . $572,477 
 
 D 2 
 
38 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Total yearly expenditure for salaries, 
 incidental, and expenses (679 
 libraries reporting) . . $691,324 
 
 Summary of Statistics of Institutions for the Deaf 
 AND Dumb for the year 1876 
 
 Number of institutions ... 42 
 
 Number of instructors . . . 312 
 
 Number under instruction during the 
 
 year . . . ... 5,209 
 
 Total number who have received in- 
 struction ..... 16,686 
 
 Expenditure for the year . . . $1,232,858 
 
 Summary of Statistics of Schools for the Blind 
 
 Number of institutions ... 29 
 
 Number of instructors and other em- 
 ployes ...... 580 
 
 Number of blind employes and work- 
 men . . . . . . lyi 
 
 Number of pupils .... 2,083 
 
 Number of pupils admitted since open- 
 ing ..... . 7,684 
 
 Number of volumes in the libraries . 16,325 
 
 Total expenditure for the past year . $736,559 
 
 51 
 
 48 
 352 
 
 Summary of Statistics of Reform Schools 
 
 Number of institutions 
 
 Number of teachers, officers, and as- 
 sistants — Male .... 448 
 Female ..... 
 
 Number committed during the year 
 
 '876 9,514 
 
 Number discharged during the year 
 
 1876 7,698 
 
 Male inmates ..... 9>505 
 
 Female 2,582 
 
STATISTICAL SUMMARIES 39 
 
 Whites 9,530 
 
 Coloured 827 
 
 Annual cost of institutions . . $1,404,183 
 
 Summary of Statistics of Schools for Feeble- 
 minded Youth 
 
 Number of institutions 
 
 , 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 Number of instructors and employes . 
 
 
 318 
 
 Number of inmates — Males 
 
 
 
 gi3 
 
 Females .... 
 
 
 
 642 
 
 Total 
 
 
 
 1,560 
 
 Number dismissed improved 
 
 since 
 
 
 
 opening .... 
 
 
 
 1,820 
 
 Income ..... 
 
 
 $276,388 
 
 Expenditure .... 
 
 
 l3 
 
 32,686 
 
 Benefactions 
 
 
 
 
 The following is a statistical summary of benefactions 
 for educational purposes for the year 1876 — 
 
 For endowments and general purposes $1,799,607 
 For grounds, buildings, and apparatus 1,483,936 
 For professorships .... 210,369 
 For fellowships, scholarships, and prizes 123,226 
 Aid for indigent students . . . 12,723 
 
 Libraries and museums . . . 700,851 
 
 Objects not specified . . 361,133 
 
 Total amount . . . - 4,691,845 
 
 National Aid of Education 
 I Land Grants 
 
 Acres 
 
 Sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections for com- 
 mon schools 57,983,914 
 
 Seminary lands ..... 1,082,880 
 
 Colleges of agriculture and the mechanic 
 
 arts 9,600,000 
 
 Special grants . ... . S^i^S^ 
 
40 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Acres 
 
 Internal improvement grants, State action . 3,000,000 
 For common schools and academies in Ten- 
 nessee, Act April, 1806 . . . 200,000 
 Swamp and overflowed lands. State action 13,784,710 
 For Indian schools in Mississippi . . 34,560 
 
 Total 95,737,714 
 
 II Grants of Money 
 
 Percentages of net proceeds of public 
 
 lands $1,764,439.34 
 
 Surplus revenue, Act of 1836, option of 
 
 States 28,101,644.91 
 
 Schools for freedmen .... 3,711,225.47 
 
 For libraries and sundry publications . 3,326,497.70 
 Indian schools, excluding appropriations 
 
 under treaties .... 561,027.15 
 
 U. S. Military Academy, West Point . 6,801,482.73 
 
 United States Naval Academy, Annapolis 3,518,880.63 
 
 Total . . . $47,785,197-93 
 

 OFFICIAL SCHEME OF 
 
 THE EDUCATIONAL EXPOSITION 
 
 Class 6- 
 
 N the " System of General Classification," 
 the Educational section of the Universal Ex- 
 position is comprised in classes six, seven, 
 and eight, of Group II, as follows: — 
 
 -Education of Children, Primary Instruc- 
 tion, Instruction of Adults. 
 
 Plans and models of day nurseries (creches), orphan 
 asylums, infant schools, and Kindergartens ; system of 
 management and furniture of such establishments. 
 Appliances for instruction suitable for the physical, 
 moral, and intellectual training of the child previous to 
 its entering school. 
 
 Plans and models of scholastic establishments for 
 town and country ; management and furniture for these 
 establishments. Appliances for instruction : books, 
 maps, apparatus, and models. 
 
 Plans and models of scholastic establishments for 
 adult and professional instruction ; system of manage- 
 ment and furniture of these establishments. Appliances 
 for adult and professional instruction. 
 
42 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Appliances for the elementary teaching of music, 
 singing, foreign languages, bookkeeping, political eco- 
 nomy, practical agriculture and horticulture, technology, 
 and drawing. 
 
 Appliances adapted to the instruction of the blind 
 and of deaf mutes. 
 
 Works of pupils of both sexes. 
 
 Libraries and publications. 
 
 Class 7 — Organization and Appliances for Secon- 
 dary Instruction. 
 
 Plans and models of establishments for secondary 
 instruction, lyceums, grammar schools, colleges, indus- 
 trial and commercial schools ; arrangement and furni- 
 ture of such establishments. 
 
 Collections : classical works, maps, and globes. 
 
 Appliances for technological and scientific instruc- 
 tion, and for teaching the fine arts, drawing, music, and 
 singing. 
 
 Apparatus and methods for instruction in gymnastics, 
 fencing, and military exercises. 
 
 Class 8 — Organization, Methods, and Appliances for 
 Superior Instruction. 
 
 Plans and models of academies, universities, medical 
 schools, practical schools, technical and practical schools, 
 schools of agriculture, observatories, scientific museums, 
 amphitheatres, lecture-rooms, laboratories for instruc- 
 tion and research. 
 
 Furniture and arrangement of such establishments. 
 
 Apparatus, collections, and appliances intended for 
 higher instruction and scientific research. 
 
 Special exhibitions of learned, technical, agricultural, 
 commercial, and industrial societies and institutions. 
 
 Scientific expeditions. 
 
CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS 
 I 
 
 UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 
 EDUCATION 
 
 II 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST 
 
Truly, America has a great future Ijefore her ; great in toil, in 
 care, and in responsibility ; great in true glory if she be guided 
 in wisdom and righteousness ; great in shame if she fail. 
 
 I cannot understand why other nations should envy her, or be 
 blind to the fact that it is for the highest interests of mankind 
 that she should succeed ; but the one condition of success, her 
 sole safeguard, is the moral worth and intellectual clearness of 
 the individual citizen. 
 
 Education cannot give these, but it may cherish them and 
 bring them to the front in whichever station in society they are 
 to be found, and the universities ought to be, and may be, the 
 fortresses of the higher life of the Nation. — Huxley. 
 
I 
 THE UNITED STATES BUREAU 
 
 OF EDUCATION AT WASHINGTON 
 John Eaton, Commissioner 
 
 jHIS Bureau was created by the Act of Congress of 
 March 2, 1867. In determining its functions, that 
 Act says it shall be established "for the purpose of 
 collecting such statistics and facts as shall show the 
 condition and progress of education in the several 
 States and Territories, and of diffusing such information respect- 
 ing the organization and management of school systems and 
 methods of teaching as shall aid the people of the United States 
 in the. establishment and maintenance of efficient school systems, 
 and otherwise promote the cause of education. " 
 
 The Bureau is not an administrative agency. It is invested with 
 no authoritative direction of the school systems of the States. 
 Its operations are limited to the collection and diffusion of infor- 
 mation, but the field of research for obtaining the needed infor- 
 mation is not restricted. Hence the jjublications of the Bureau 
 comprise, in addition to the reports on the condition of education 
 at home, a large amount of useful information as to the systems, 
 means, and results of instruction in foreign countries. Besides its 
 annual reports, it issues occasional publications under the general 
 title of " Circulars of Information." 
 
 As one of the fruits of its operations, the Bureau has collected 
 a Pedagogical Library of almost unexampled richness in its special 
 line. Its collections of publications are, as far as time and means 
 permit, so bound, classified, and arranged as to be immediately 
 available for any line of educational research to be undertaken. 
 The Bureau has also laid the foundation of a Pedagogical 
 
46 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Museum, to illustrate school architecture, furnishing and fitting, 
 and appliances and apparatus for instruction of all descriptions. 
 The following is a list of the publications of the Bureau: — 
 
 Under the Administration of Dr Henry Barnard, 
 the First Commissioner 
 
 Report for 1867-68. 
 
 Special Report on the District of Columbia. 
 
 Under the present Administration 
 
 First Annual Report, 1870. 
 
 Second Annual Report, 187 1. 
 
 Third Annual Report, 1872. 
 
 Fourth Annual Report, 1873. 
 
 Fifth Annual Report, 1874. 
 
 Sixth Annual Report, 1875. 
 
 Seventh Annual Report, 1876. 
 
 August, 1870. Circular respecting Illiteracy of i860 ; 
 School-room Diseases, &c. 
 
 July, 1871. Report on the Systems of Public Instruction 
 in Sweden and Norway. 
 
 November, 1871. Methods of School Discipline. 
 
 December, 1 871. Compulsory Education. 
 
 January, 1872. German and other Foreign Universities. 
 
 February, 1872. Reports on the Systems of Public In- 
 struction in Greece, the Argentine Republic, Chili, and 
 Ecuador, with Statistics of Portugal and Japan, and an 
 Official Report on Technical Education in Italy. 
 
 March, 1872. I. An Inquiry concerning the Vital Statis- 
 tics of College Graduates. 2. Distribution of College Stu- 
 dents in 1870-71. 3. Facts of Vital Statistics in the United 
 States, with Tables and Diagrams. 
 
 April, 1872. The Relation of Education to Labour. 
 
 June, 1872. Education in the British West Indies. 
 
 July, 1872. The Kindergarten. 
 
 November, 1872. American Education at the International 
 Exposition to be held at Vienna in 1873. 
 
 1872. Free-school Policy in connection with leading Wes- 
 tern Railways. 
 
 N° I, 1873. Historical Summary and Reports on the Sys- 
 tems of Public Instruction in Spain, Bolivia, Uruguay, and 
 Portugal. 
 
 N" 2, 1873. Schools in British India. 
 
 N° 3, 1873. Account of College commencements for the 
 Summer of 1873, i" Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New 
 Jersey, and Pennsylvania. 
 
BUREAU OF EDUCATION 47 
 
 N° 4, 1873. Lists of Publications by Members of certain 
 College Faculties and learned Societies in the United States. 
 
 N° 5, 1873. Account of College commencements during 
 1873 in the Western and Southern States. 
 
 N° I, 1874. Proceedings of the Department of Superin- 
 tendence of the National Teachers' Association. 
 
 N» 2, 1874. Drawing in Public Schools ; the present re- 
 lation of Art to Education in the United States. 
 
 N" 3, 1874. History of Secondary Instruction in Ger- 
 many. 
 
 1874. Contributions to the Annals of Medical Progress 
 and Medical Education in the United States before and 
 during the War of Independence. 
 
 1874. A Statement of the Theory of Education in the 
 United States of America, as approved by many leading 
 Educators. 
 
 Contributions from the Bureau 
 
 I Publications: — 
 
 Annual Reports, 1870-1876, 7 vols, 8vo. 
 
 Circulars of information, 1870-72, 1873, 1874, 
 1875, 4 vols, Svo. 
 
 Special Report on Public Libraries, 2 parts, 2 vols, 
 Svo. 
 
 Special Report on Medical Education before 1776, 
 a pamphlet. 
 
 Special Report on Medical Education, 1776-1876, 
 a pamphlet. 
 
 History of the Bureau of Education, a pamphlet. 
 
 A Statement of the Theory of American Education, 
 a pamphlet. 
 
 II Maps showing certain facts respecting American 
 Education in the year 1876: 
 
 1. Grants of land by the Federal Government for 
 the promotion of Education. 
 
 2. Kindergartens. 
 
 3. Orphan Asylums. 
 
 4. Reform Schools. 
 
 5. Schools for Deaf-Mutes and the Blind. 
 
 6. Secondary Schools for Boys. 
 
 7. Secondary Schools for Girls. 
 
48 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 8. Secondary Schools for both Boys and Girls. 
 
 9. Normal Schools. 
 
 10. Commercial Schools. 
 
 1 1. Colleges for Women. 
 
 12. Universities and Colleges. 
 
 13. Schools of Theology. 
 
 14. Schools of Law. 
 
 15. Schools of Medicine and Anatomical Museums. 
 
 16. Schools of Dentistry and Pharmacy. 
 
 17. Museums of Natural History. 
 
 1 8. Art Schools and Museums of Art. 
 
 19. Libraries. 
 
 20. The Benefactions of Mr. George Peabody to 
 
 American Education. 
 
 Memorandum. — These maps were executed, under the 
 supervision of the U. S. Commissioner of Ed«cation, by First 
 Lieut. J. C. Mallery, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
 
 III Statistical charts showing the educational condi- 
 tion of all the States of the Union, and of all the 
 cities (190 in number) of 7,500 or more inhabitants. 
 
 IV Printed Catalogues of Public Libraries in the 
 United States : A specimen Collection from the Library 
 of the United States Bureau of Education, with 
 copies of the Special Report on Public Libraries in the 
 United States of America : 
 
 District of Columbia 
 
 Washington. Bureau of Education, Public Libraries in the 
 United States of America, 2 parts in 1 vol. 1876. The same 
 in 2 vols. Parts I and II, 1876. 
 
 Department of the Interior, 1877. 
 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows Association, 1868. 
 
 Library of Congress, Authors, 1864 ; Subjects, vol. I, 
 a — L, 1869 ; vol. 2 L — z, 1869 ; Books added, 1867, 
 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872. 
 
 National Medical Library, U. S. Army, Specimen of Cata- 
 logue, 1876. 
 
 Surgeon General's Office, U. S. Army, vol. I, A — L, 
 1873 ; vol. 2, M — z, 1874 ; vol. 3, Supplement, 1874 ; 
 List of American Medical Journals, N° i, 1872. 
 
 Washington and Young Men's Christian Association Li- 
 brary, 187 1. 
 
BUREAU OF EDUCATION 49 
 
 . California 
 Saci-amento. State Library, vol. i, Law Library, 1870 ; vol. 2, 
 
 general library, 1871. 
 San Francisco. Mercantile Library, 1874; with Supplement, 
 1875. 
 
 Connecticut 
 Hartford. Young iVIen's Institute Library, 1873. 
 Norwuh, Otis Library, 1867. 
 Waterbury. Silas Bronson Library, 1870. 
 
 Delaware 
 Wilmington. Wilmington Institute Library, 1875. 
 
 Illinois 
 Chicago. Finding Lists of the Public Library, 1876. 
 Elgin. Catalogue of the Public Library, 1874. 
 
 Indiana 
 Evansville. Public Library, 1876. 
 Indianapolis. Public Library, 1873. 
 
 Iowa 
 Davenport. Finding Lists of the Library Association, 1876. 
 Dubiiqtie. Young Men's Library Association, 1874. 
 Iowa City. Grand Lodge of Iowa, 1873. 
 
 Maine 
 Augusta. Maine State Library, 1862. 
 Bangor. Library of the Mechanics' Association, 1875. 
 Brunszmck. Librai"y of Bowdoin College, 1873. 
 
 Maryland 
 Annapolis. Maryland State Library, 1874. 
 Baltimore. Library of the I. O. Odd Fellows, 1877. Library 
 
 of the Maryland Institute, 1857; Mercantile Library, English 
 
 Fiction, 1874. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 Amesbury. Public Library of Amesbury and .Salisbury, 1866. 
 Amherst. Amherst College Library, 1855 and 1871, in i vol. 
 Andover. Memorial Hall Library, 1874. 
 Barnstable. Sturgis Library, 1877. 
 Boston. Boston Athenaeum, 1827 ; City Hospital Library, 1873 ; 
 
 Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. i, A — l, 1859; vol. 2, 
 
 M — z, 1859 ; Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 1873 ; 
 
 Public Library, Lower Hall, History, Biography, and Travel, 
 
 1873 ; Bates Hall, Inde.x to Catalogue, First Supplement, 
 
 1866 ; Social Law Library, 1865. 
 Brighton. Holton Library, 1872. 
 Brookline. Public Library, 1873. 
 Concord. Free Public Library, 1875. 
 Danvers. Peabody Institute Library, 1857. 
 Fall River. Public Library, 1 874. 
 E 
 
so EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Framingham. Town Library, 1876. 
 
 Georgetown. Peabody Library, 1869. 
 
 Groton. Lawrence Academy, 1850. 
 
 Holbrook. Holbrook Public Library, 1874. 
 
 Hyde Park. Public Library, 1874. 
 
 Lancaster. Town Library, 1877. 
 
 Lynn. Public Library, 1873. 
 
 Milton. Public Library, 18 71. 
 
 New Bedford. Free Public Libraiy, 1858 ; Supplement, 1869. 
 
 Quincy. Public Library, 1875. 
 
 Randolph. Turner Free Library, 1877. 
 
 Southbridge. Public Library, 1876. 
 
 Springfield. City Library Association, 1871. 
 
 Swavipseott, Town Library, 1876. 
 
 Waltham. Public Library, 1875. 
 
 Wayland. Public Library, 1875. 
 
 Michigan 
 Detroit. Young Men's Society, 1865. 
 
 Missouri 
 St Louis. Mercantile Library, 1876. Public School Library, 1870. 
 
 New Hampshire 
 Dover. Library of Dover, 1874, 
 Exeter. Library of the Town, 1871. 
 Portsmouth. Portsmouth Athenaeum, 1862. 
 
 New Jersey 
 Newark. Library of the Newark Association, 1857. 
 
 New York 
 
 Albany. Albany Institute Library, 1855 ; State Library, Gene- 
 ral Library, 1855 ; Law Library, 1855 ; Maps, Manuscripts, 
 Medals, &c. 1856 ; First Supplement, General Library, 1861 ; 
 Subject Index, General Library, 1872. 
 
 Brooklyn. Young Men's Christian Association Library, 1872. 
 
 Buffalo. Young Men's Association Library, First Supple- 
 ment, 1872. 
 
 Newbiirgh. Free Library, 1868. 
 
 New York City. American Bible Society, 1863 ; American In- 
 stitute Library, 1852, with Supplement, 1857; Apprentices' 
 Library, 1865 and 1874 ; Astor Library, Part I, Authors and 
 Books, 4 vols. i857-,6i ; Supplement, with General Index, 
 1866. Columbia College, 1874. Historical Society, 1859. 
 Law Institute Library, 1874. Mercantile Library, 1866, with 
 Supplement, 1869 ; and Second Supplement, 1872. New 
 York Hospital, 1818. New York Prison Association, 1877. 
 School of Mines of Columbia College, 1875. Society Library, 
 1838. 
 
 Oszvego. Second Catalogue of the City Library, 1876. 
 
BUREAU OF EDUCATION 51 
 
 Troy. Young Men's Association Library, 1859. 
 
 Utica. School District Library, 1875. 
 
 West Point. Library of the United States Militaiy Academy 
 (Supplement), i860. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Cincinnati. Mount St Mary's Seminaiy, 1873, with Supple- 
 ment, 1875. Public Library, 1871. 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Harrisbnrg. State Library, 1873. 
 
 Meadville. Meadville Theological School, 1870. 
 
 Philadelphia. Carpenters' Company, 1873. Library Company, 
 vol. 3, and Index, 1856. Lbganian Library, 1837, with Sup- 
 plement, 1867. Mercantile Library, 1870. Academy of 
 National Sciences, 1836. Medical Library of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Hospital, 1857. 
 
 Rhode Island 
 Newport. People's Library, 1870. Redwood Library and 
 
 AthenDsum, i860. 
 Providence. Brown University, 1843. 
 
 South Carolina 
 Charleston. Charleston Library Society, 1826, 1876. 
 
 Tennessee 
 Nashville. Tennessee State Library, 187 1. 
 
 Vermont 
 Bennington. Free Libraiy, 1872. 
 St Johnsbury. St. Johnsbury Athenceum, 1875- 
 
 Virginia 
 Petersburg. Library Association, 1854. 
 
 Wisconsin 
 Madison. State Library, 1872. State Historical Society, vol. i, 
 
 A — L, 1873, vol. 2, M — z, 1873. 
 Milwautie. National House for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, 
 
 1875- 
 
II 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST 
 
 DAMS, BLACKMER, AND LYON PUBLISH- 
 ING Company, Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 Text Books and other Publications. 
 
 ADRIAN, Michigan. W. H. Payne, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 One large volume containing Historical Sketch, in 
 print, of the Public Schools of Adrian, with illustra- 
 tions of five School-houses ; A set of the Blanks and 
 Forms used in the administration of the Schools ; 
 Scholars' Work in manuscript. 
 
 ALABAMA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC IN- 
 STRiCTioN. Leroy F. Box, Superintendent, Mont- 
 gomery. 
 
 Reports of the Superintendent, pamphlets. 
 
 ALBANY, New York. 
 
 Representation of High School Building: perspec- 
 tive view, drawing in frame ; four plans in frames, 
 showing the different floors. 
 
 Reports of Board of Public Instruction, 2 vols ; 
 Reports of the High School, with merit rolls, 1 vol. 
 
 Scholars' Work of High School, 3 vols. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 53 
 
 ALEXANDRIA, Virginia. R. L. Games, Superintendent. 
 Superintendent's Report, 1876-77, 1 vol. 
 
 AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND, 
 Louisville, Kentucky. 
 
 The American Printing House for the Blind was estab- 
 lished in 1858, not as a commercial venture, but in order to 
 facilitate the production and distribution of books for the use 
 of the blind. Though at present in close relations with the 
 State of Kentucky, the institution is not merely local in its 
 character, but aims at including the whole country in its 
 work. It receives subsidies from Kentucky, and to a less 
 extent from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Every 
 school for the blind in the United States has received, to a 
 greater or less extent, the books that the Printing House has 
 fiirnished. 
 
 The publications exhibited comprise fifty-nine vols, 
 in three different styles of type. 
 
 Maps, publications, and apparatus, contributed : 
 Report of the Board of Trustees of the American 
 Printing House for the Blind, for 1877 ; Raised and 
 Dissected Map of the United States, 4 feet square ; 
 Multiplication Tables, $2.00; Alphabet Sheets, $0.50; 
 New York Point Alphabet Sheets, $1.00; Writing 
 Cards, $8.00 ; Dictionary of Musical Terms, $3.00 ; 
 Life and Beauties of Shakespeare, I3.00 ; Etymology, 
 a class-book, $3.25; Select Hymns, $2.50; Fables 
 for Children, I1.50; Gay's Fables, $1.50; Virgil's 
 jEneid, first six books (in Latin), $3.50; Macbeth, 
 $2.00; King Lear, $2.50; Arithmetical Examples, 
 $3.50; Washington before the Revolution, $3.50; 
 Physical Geography, by Guyot, $4.00 ; Robinson 
 Crusoe, 3 vols, $10.50; Selections for Declama- 
 tion, $3.50; Wonders of the Firmament, by R. H. 
 Proctor, $3.50; Primer and first three vols of 
 Butler's Readers, in eight parts, each fifty cents, 
 $4.00 ; Colborn's Mental Arithmetic, 2 vols, 
 $3.00; "Simple Susan and Lazy Lawrence," by Miss 
 Edgeworth, $3.00; Guide to Dissected Map, $2.00; 
 New York Point System of Musical Notation, $1.00; 
 Rab and his Friends (New York Point), $1.00; Rill 
 
 E 2 
 
54 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 from the Town Pump, by Hawthorne (New York 
 Point), to.75 ; Feathertop, by Hawthorne (New York 
 Point), 1 1.25; Snowbound, by Whittier (New York 
 Point), $1.00; Woodman's Nannette, $1.00; Lowell's 
 Vision of Sir Launfal, and Browning's Pied Piper of 
 Hamelin, fo.25 ; Politics for Young Americans, by 
 Nordhoff, $3.50 ; Book of Behaviour, $1.50; Consti- 
 tution of the United States, $0.75 ; Scott's Lady of 
 the Lake, $2.50 ; Hooker's Child's Book of Nature — 
 Part I, Plants, $2.50 ; Part II, Animals, $3.00 ; 
 Marx's Universal School of Music, 2 vols, $10.00; 
 J. Schmitt's Pianoforte Method (New York Point), 
 §4.00; Spelling Book, $0.75; Books of the New 
 Testament, from Hebrews to Jude (Moon's System), 
 $1.25; Acts of the Apostles, vol. i, Si. 25; History 
 of Eng)ish Literature, by Rev. Stafford Brooke, $3.50 ; 
 Butler's English Grammar, 2 vols., $5.00; Prize 
 Essaj's, by blind authors, upon the Employments of 
 the Blind, I1.50; Boone and other Pioneers, $3.50; 
 Fancies of Child Life, $1.50 ; Pieces for the Primary 
 Class, $0.75. Other materials — Spelling and Com- 
 position Frame, Writing Guides for the Pencil, Appa- 
 ratus to Illustrate New Method of making Stereotype 
 Plates with great ease and cheapness. 
 
 AMERICAN METRIC BUREAU, Boston, Massachu- 
 setts. Melville Dewey, Secretary. 
 
 The Metric System of Weights and Measures, by 
 F. A. P. Barnard, 1 vol ; The Metric System of 
 Weights and Measures, by J. P. Putnam, 1 vol ; 
 Metric Pocket Book, by H. Dalmon (pamphlet) ; On 
 the French Metric System of Weights and Measures, 
 by Nystrom (pamphlet) ; Unification of Weights and 
 Measures, bv J- B. Thompson ; Lessons from Euro- 
 pean Schools, by B. G. Northrop, 1 vol ; Putnam's 
 Tables; Metric Charts, by J. P. Putnam, Nos 1, 2, 
 and 3. 
 
 A Cabinet containing seventy-two pieces of Appa- 
 ratus illustrating the system, price $45.72. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 55 
 
 ANDERSON (J. J.) New York. 
 
 Historical Series : A Junior Class History of the 
 United States ; A Grammar School History of the 
 United States ; A Pictorial School History of the 
 United States ; A Manual of General History ; A 
 School History of England ; United States Reader, 
 selections forming a Class-Manual of United States 
 History; Historical Reader; Introductory School His- 
 tory of the United States ; Common School History 
 of the United States ; Bloss's Ancient History revised 
 and improved. Published by Clark and Maynard. 
 
 ANDREWS (A. H.) and CO. Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 The "Triumph" school desk (desk and seat com- 
 bined); small model of the "Triumph," showing pa- 
 tent desk lid support. School Appliances: — Patent 
 steatite crayons ; dustless blackboard erasers ; model 
 of portable blackboard with stretchers ; patent pencil- 
 holding noiseless slates, both single and double, orna- 
 mented and plain, of different sizes and prices, scales 
 shown on the frame, one side in inches, the other in 
 the metric system ; Holbrook's noiseless drawing 
 slates, with copies for drawing on the frame, single 
 and double, large and small ; Kindergarten slates and 
 other slates with rulings. Illustrated catalogue of 
 school furniture, apparatus, and appliances. 
 
 APPLETON (D.) AND CO. New York. 
 
 Text books for elementary and secondary instruc- 
 tion : Series by Harkness: — Introductory Latin 
 Book ; New Latin Reader ; Introduction to Latin 
 Composition; Caesar's Commentaries; Cicero; Cicero 
 with Vocabulary ; First Greek Book. Greek Grammar, 
 by Hadley ; New French Instructor, by Andrews ; 
 Comment on Parle Fran9ais ; Demosthenes, by 
 Smead; Antigone, by Smead; First Lessons in Greek, 
 by Whiton ; First German Reader, by Kroch ; Ele- 
 mentary German Course, by Shulte; Practical Ger- 
 man Grammar, by Wrage ; Lehrbuch der Englischen 
 Sprache, by Wrage ; German Primer, by Wrage ; 
 
56 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 First German Reader, by Wrage ; Natural Speaker, 
 by Alden ; Elementary Intellectual Philosophy, by 
 Alden ; Studies in Bryant, by Alden ; Class Book of 
 Physiology, by Comings ; Series of Geographies, by 
 Cornell : — First steps in geography, primary, inter- 
 mediate, grammar-school, physical ; Digest of Eng- 
 'lish Grammar, by Covell ; Book-keeping, by Caswell; 
 Home Pictures of English Poets ; Shakespearian 
 Reader, by How ; Physiology, by Huxley and You- 
 mans ; Series of Drawing Books, by Krusi : The Syn- 
 thetic, 4 books and manual ; The Analytic, 6 books 
 and manual ; The Perspective, 4 books and manual ; 
 The Advanced Perspective, 4 books and manual; The 
 Architectural, 9 books and manual ; The Textile, 6 
 books and manual. Single Entry Book-keeping, by 
 Marsh ; Double Entry Book-keeping, by Marsh ; Zoo- 
 logy, by Morse ; Psychology, by Munsell ; Memory 
 Gems, by Northend ; Choice Thoughts, by Northend ; 
 Series of Arithmetics, by Quackenbos : primary, ele- 
 mentary, practical, mental, higher ; First Lessons in 
 Composition, by Quackenbos ; Composition and Rhe- 
 toric, by Quackenbos ; Primary History of the United 
 States, by Quackenbos ; Elementary History of the 
 United States, by Quackenbos ; School History of the 
 United States, by Quackenbos ; School History of the 
 World, by Quackenbos; Natural Philosophy, by 
 Quackenbos ; Lessons in our Language, by Quack- 
 enbos ; School History of Germany, by Taylor ; Ele- 
 ments of Moral Philosophy, by Winslow; Chemistry, 
 by Youmans ; Handbook of Household Science, by 
 Youmans ; First Book of Botany, and Second Book of 
 Botany, by Youmans. 
 
 ATCHISON, Kansas. J. C. Scott, Superintendent. 
 View of High School Building ; Scholars' Work. 
 
 BALTIMORE, Maryland. H. E. Shepherd, Super- 
 intendent. 
 
 Forty-eighth Report of the Board of Commis- 
 sioners of the Public Schools, 1876, 1 vol 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 57 
 
 BARNARD (Henry) Hartford, Connecticut. 
 
 The American Journal of Education, 1856-1878, 
 26 large octavo volumes, each volume containing 
 from 800 to 900 closely printed pages, the most 
 comprehensive pedagogical publication in the Eng- 
 lish language. 
 
 BARNES (A. S.) and CO. New York. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion, as follows : — Test Speller, by Pooler ; French 
 Class Book, by Pujol ; Virgil's jEneid, edited by Sear- 
 ing ; Latin Course, by Silber ; Grammar School Speller 
 and Complete Etymology, by Smith ; Book-keeping, 
 by Smith and Martin ; Scientific Text Books, com- 
 prising Astronomy, Chemistry, Geology, Philosophy, 
 Physiology, Zoology, and Key, by Steele ; Liberia, by 
 Stockwell ; Summary of English, French, and Ameri- 
 can History ; Vocal Culture, by Thwing ; School 
 Record, by Tracy ; Independent Readers, 6 numbers, 
 by Watson ; Series of Spellers, 3 numbers, and 
 Primary Reader, by Watson ; Analysis, by Welch ; 
 Topical Lexicon, by Williams ; History of the United 
 States, by Willard ; Flora of New Jersey, by Willis ; 
 Object Lessons in Botany, American Botanist and 
 Florist, and New Class Book in Botany, by Wood ; 
 French Echo, by Wornum ; Elementary and Com- 
 plete German Grammars, Elementary and Collegiate 
 German Readers, and German Echo, by Wornum ; 
 Reading Case, by Beade ; Pictorial Chart, and Relief- 
 Maps, by Monteith ; Centenary History, by Barnes ; 
 Set of the Teachers' Monthly ; Oral Training, by 
 Barnard ; Institute Lectures and Teachers' Institutes, 
 by Bates ; Natural History, by Chadbourne ; Univer- 
 sity Arithmetic, New Elementary Algebra, University 
 Algebra, New Bourdon's Algebra, Elementary Geome- 
 try and Trigonometry, Legender's Geometry, Ana- 
 lytical Geometry and Calculus, Descriptive Geometry, 
 Practical Mathematics and Mensuration, Elements of 
 Surveying, Shades, Shadows, and Perspective, Out- 
 
S8 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 lines of Mathematical Science, Nature and Utility of 
 Mathematics, and Metric System, by Davies ; Dic- 
 tionary of Mathematics, by Davies and Peck ; Ameri- 
 can Institutions, by De Tocqueville ; Teachers' Insti- 
 tutes, by Towle ; Scientific Basis of Education, by 
 Hecker ; History of Education ; Normal Method, by 
 Holbrook; School Government and Grammatical 
 Diagrams, by Jewell; American Education, by Mans- 
 field ; Universal Education, by Mayhew ; Teacher 
 and Parent, and Teacher s Assistant, by Northend ; 
 Education Abroad, by Northrop ; Education of 
 Women, by Orton ; Theory and Practice of Teach- 
 ing, by Page ; Teacher's Hand Book, The Student, 
 The Educator, The Discipline of Life, by Phelps 
 School Amusements, by Root ; Examiner, by Stone 
 Object Lessons, by Welch; Graded School, by Wells 
 Songs for Schools, by Barclay ; English History, by 
 Lancaster ; Elementary Geography and Comprehen- 
 sive Geography, by Monteith ; Plant Record, by 
 Wood and King ; Texas, by Baker ; Writing Speller, 
 by Barber ; United States and France, by Barnes ; 
 History of England, by Berard ; Composition, by 
 Boyd ; Editions of Cowper, Milton, Thomson, Pol- 
 lock, Young, and Bacon, by Boyd ; Composition, by 
 Brookfield ; Latin Lessons, Teacher's Register, and 
 Devotion, by Brooks ; Political Economy, by Cham- 
 plin ; Drawing Book, by Chapman ; Easy Lessons in 
 Grammar, Brief Grammar, and Normal Grammar, 
 by Clark ; English Literature, American Literature, 
 Nineteenth Century Literature, and Milton, by Cleve- 
 land ; Register, by Coles ; Mythology, by Dwight ; 
 First Book of Science, by Norton and Porter ; Ethics, 
 by Fletcher ; Book-keeping, by Folsom ; English 
 Literature, General History, and Seven Historic Ages, 
 by Gilman ; Elocution, by Graham ; Bible History, 
 by Hanna ; Young Citizen's Catechism, by Howe ; 
 Fine Arts, by Huntington; Infantry Tactics for 
 Schools ; Music Reader, by Jepson ; Algebraical 
 Equations, by Macnie ; Geography, by McNally ; 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 59 
 
 Ecclesiastical History, by Marsh ; Civil Government, 
 by Martin ; National School Currency ; National 
 School Singer; Dictation Exercises, Child's Speaker, 
 Young Declaimer, National Orator, Entertaining Dia- 
 logues, by Northend ; Moral Philosophy, by Pea- 
 body ; First Lessons in Numbers, Practical Arith- 
 metic, Complete Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, 
 Analytical Geometry, Calculus, Elementary Mecha- 
 nics and Ganot's Philosophy, by Peck; Scientific 
 Agriculture, by Pendleton. 
 
 BELL (Alexander Graham) Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 Seven Charts and one Book, explanatory of the 
 Universal System of Visible Speech, invented by 
 Alexander Melville Bell; Visible Speech Symbols, 6 
 vols, prepared by Pupils in the School of Vocal Phy- 
 siology, Boston ; The first book published on Visible 
 Speech, by Professor Alexander Melville Bell, the 
 inventor of the system ; Explanatory Circular by 
 Professor L. Alonzo Butterfield, of Boston University. 
 
 BICKNELL (T. W.) Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 National Journal of Education and New England 
 Journal of Education, for 1875, 1876, and 1877, 6 
 vols, with the current issue of the above, and of 
 "Primary Teacher" and " Good Times." 
 
 BOSTON, Massachusetts. John D. Philbrick, Super- 
 intendent from 1856 to 1878; Samuel Eliot since 
 March 1, 1878. 
 
 Reports, Scholars' Work, Text Books, and Views : 
 City School Reports, 22 vols, 1852-1876; Various 
 School Documents, 8 vols ; Scholars' Work, 84 vols, 
 15 portfolios; Complete Set of Text Books, used in 
 the elementary and high schools, with a set of the 
 Books of Reference furnished each of the Fifty Gram- 
 mar Schools, as follows : Cyclopaedias, 38 vols ; Latin 
 and Greek, 24 vols ; French and German, 24 vols ; 
 English Language and Literature, 70 vols ; History, 
 31 vols; Pure Mathematics, 16 vols; Science and 
 
6o EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Applied Mathematics, 25 vols ; Music, Drawing, and 
 Writing-, 8 vols ; Miscellaneous, 4 vols ; Barnard's 
 Journal of Education, 24 vols ; Blanks, 7 vols ; Plans 
 of High School Building ; Chart of School Statistics ; 
 Photographs of School Regiment. 
 
 BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, Boston, Massachusetts. 
 A Free Lending Library, founded in 1852. In 1878, a 
 library witli eight branches situated in different parts of the 
 city. Total number of volumes at the present time, 350,000 ; 
 total number of volumes circulated during the last year, 
 1,140,000. Founded by private munificence, it has been 
 supported and developed by individual gifts and public 
 appropriations. The institution is managed by a Board of 
 Trustees elected by the City Council of Boston. Amount 
 expended for the year 1876-77, §124,396.86, of which sum 
 the City Council furnished $111,500. 
 A show-case containing the printed documents of 
 
 the institution in 20 vols, bound within the library 
 
 building. 
 
 BOSTON UNIVERSITY, Boston, Massachusetts. W. F. 
 
 Warren, President. 
 
 Incorporated in the year 1869. Its departments are as 
 follows: I, The Preparatory Departments; II, The Col- 
 leges; III, The Professional Schools; IV, The School of 
 all Sciences. All its departments are open to both sexes. 
 Five Year Books and Catalogues. 
 
 BOWDITCH (Henry P.) Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 " Statistics on the Growth of Children." A Re- 
 port to the Massachusetts Board of Health, from 
 material obtained by weighing and measuring Pupils 
 in schools of Boston and vicinity ; the whole number 
 of observations collected amounting to about 24,500. 
 1 vol. 
 
 BOWKER (R. R.) Editor, New York. 
 
 American Library Journal, vol. i. September, 
 1876— August, 1877; 573 pp. 
 
 BRADLEY (John E.) Albany, New York. 
 
 Original Paper in Manuscript, entitled " Plan of 
 Organization of Schools of Secondary Grade," 1 vol. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 61 
 
 BREWSTER and KNOWLTON, Boston, Massachusetts. 
 
 Cabinet of Minerals for Use in Higher Elementary 
 
 Schools, 100 specimens, labelled with name and 
 
 number ; case 3 feet by 3 feet 9 inches, and 6 in. deep. 
 
 Price, with case, ,8100. 
 
 BURNS (Eliza B.) New York. 
 
 Publications relating to Reform in English Ortho- 
 graphy : Burns's Phonic Short-hand, 2 vols ; Rey- 
 nard the Fox, a reader in Phonic Short-hand, 2 vols; 
 Anglo-American Primer, 1 pamphlet; "Pro and 
 Con." or Spelling Reform, by O. E. Vaile, 2 pam- 
 phlets; Spelling Reformer, 6 pamphlets. 
 
 BUTLER (J. H.) AND CO. Philadelphia. 
 
 Text Books and Maps : Latin Grammar, by 
 Bingham ; Caesar, edited by Bingham ; History 
 of the United States, by Butler ; History of 
 the United States and History of England, by 
 Goodneh ; Mitchell's Series of Geographies, com- 
 prising First Lessons, Primary Geography, Inter- 
 mediate Geography, New Geography and Atlas, New 
 Outline Maps and Key; New American Series, com- 
 prising five Readers, graded. Etymological Reader, 
 Primary and Pronouncing Speller, Arithmetic, in 
 three parts, Practical Arithmetic and Key, Oxford's 
 Junior and Senior Speaker, English Grammar by 
 Smith, Scholar's Companion, Geology by Tenney, 
 Wall Map of Pennsylvania ; Mitchell's large Wall 
 Maps. 
 CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, Berkeley, Cali- 
 fornia. John Le Conte, President. 
 
 Established by the Legislature, 1868, in accordance with 
 the Constitution, and entrusted to the care of a board of 
 regents. The Departments are as follows : I, College of 
 Letters — (i) Classical Course; (2) Literary Course; II, 
 College of Agriculture; III, College of Mechanics; IV, 
 College of Mining; V, College of Engineering; VI, Col- 
 lege of Chemisti-y; VII, College of Medicine; VIII, Col- 
 lege of Pharmacy. 
 Register of the University for 1877-78, 1 vol. 
 
62 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts. Francis Cogswell, Su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 Scholars' Work, illustrating Method of Sentence- 
 writing, 2 vols. 
 
 CHARLESTOWN, Indiana. 
 
 Reports and other printed matter. 
 
 CHETOPA, Kansas. 
 
 Scholars' Work, one Map. 
 
 CHICAGO, Illinois. Duane Doty, Superintendent. 
 
 Scholars' Work: — Entire grade work, 8th grade, 
 3 vols ; Entire class work, 5th and 6th grades in 
 English, 7th and 8th grades in German, 7th and 8th 
 grades in Drawing, loth and 12th Grades High 
 School in various subjects, 44 vols ; Selected Papers 
 of different grades in English, German, and Drawing, 
 26 vols ; Special work, 1 6 vols ; one Portfolio, con- 
 taining Specimens of the Blanks and Forms, fifty- 
 three in number, used in the administration of the 
 City System of Schools. 
 
 CINCINNATI, Ohio. J. B. Peaslee, Superintendent. 
 
 School Reports. Scholars' Work in all grades of 
 public schools, comprising 83 large, handsomely bound 
 volumes, prepared in 1878 for the International Expo- 
 sition, as follows : — 
 
 Penmanship, l4volumes; Normal and high schools; 
 intermediate schools,' grades A,^ B, and C, and selec- 
 tions from other grades ; district schools, grades 
 D-H, 17 classes' and selections; high, intermediate, 
 and district schools (coloured). 
 
 Written Arithmetic. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : 
 grades A, B, and C, 9 classes and selections. 
 
 ' The schools intermediate between the high and the district 
 schools. 
 
 2 Highest grade. 
 
 ' When classes are mentioned, the whole number of members 
 of the class is understood. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 63 
 
 Grammar. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : grades A, 
 B, and C, 6 classes and selections. District schools, 
 3 vols : grades D, E, F, and G, 3 classes and selections. 
 Rules. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : grades A, B, 
 and C, 1 1 classes and selections. 
 
 Spelling. Intermediate schools, 3 vols: grades A, B, 
 and C, 10 classes and selections. District schools, 
 2i\ vols : grades D, E, F, G, H, 3 classes and selections. 
 
 Composition. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : grades 
 
 A, B, and C, 5 classes and selections. District schools, 
 1^ vols: grades D, E, and F, selections. 
 
 Geography. Intermediate schools, 2 vols: grades 
 A and B, 7 classes and selections. District schools, 
 l^ vols : grades D and E, 3 classes and selections. 
 
 Music. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : grades A, 
 
 B, and C, 2 classes and selections. 
 
 Mental Arithmetic. Intermediate schools, 3 vols : 
 grades A, B, and C, 12 classes and selections. 
 District schools, l\ vols : grades D, E, and F, 4 
 classes and selections. 
 
 Problems. District schools, 2 vols : grades D, E, 
 and F, 3 classes and selections. 
 
 German. Intermediate schools, 1 vol : grades A, 
 B, and C. 
 
 German Composition. District schools, 3 vols : 
 grades D, E, and F, 3 volumes and selections. 
 
 German Spelling. District schools, 4 vols : grades 
 D, E, F, and G, 4 classes and selections. 
 
 German Grammar. District schools, 5 vols : 
 grades D, E, and F, 3 classes and selections. 
 
 English and German. Normal school, 1 vol. 
 
 Drawing. Normal and high schools, 2 vols. In- 
 termediate schools, 4 vols : grades A, B, and C. 
 District schools, 3 vols : grades D, E, F, and G. 
 
 High, intermediate, and district schools (coloured), 
 2 vols. 
 
 Hughes high school, 3 vols : grades A,B, C, and D. 
 
 Woodward high school, 4 vols : grades A, B, C, 
 andD. 
 
64 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 CINCINNATI, School of Design of the University of, 
 Ohio. Ben Pitman, Director. 
 
 Photographs of Wood Decoration, carved by female 
 pupils. 
 
 CLARK AND MAYNARD, New York. 
 
 Thompson's Series of Arithmetics, comprising 
 Revised Table Book, Mental Arithmetic, Rudiments 
 of Arithmetic, Arithmetical Analysis, Practical Arith- 
 metic and Key, Higher Arithmetic and Key, Thomp- 
 son's New Graded Series, in Three Books, and New 
 Elementary Algebra and Supplementary Course in 
 Algebra ; Keetel's French Course, in 5 vols ; 
 Hutchison's Treatise on Physiology ; Lessons in 
 English by Reed and Kellogg; Henderson's Test 
 Words ; Young's First Book on Civil Government ; 
 Young's Government Class Book; Anderson's Series 
 of Histories. 
 
 CLARKE (Robert) and CO. Cincinnati, Ohio. Ame- 
 rican State Universities, with a particular account of 
 the University of Michigan, by Andrew Ten Brooke, 
 1 vol. 
 
 CLAXTON, REMSEN, and HAFFELFINGER, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Text Books and Charts : — Virgil's v?Jneid, Ovid, and 
 Caesar, edited by Brooks ; English Literature, by Cop- 
 pee ; Choice Readings, by Anna R. Diehl ; Every-day 
 Reasoning, by Hays ; Lessons in Natural Science by 
 Kremer ; Outlines of History, Historical Questions, His- 
 torical Atlas and Historical Chart by Labberton ; Essay 
 on the Philosophy of Literature ; Educational Talks 
 by Raub ; Latin Grammar and Geography by Roth ; 
 Key to Homer's Iliad, by Smith ; Theoretical and 
 Descriptive Geometry by White ; Biblical Geography, 
 with Atlas, by Coleman ; Irving's Rip Van Winkle 
 (French version) by Du Bos ; Handy Lexicon, by 
 Jenkins ; Algebra, by Henderson ; History of the 
 United States, by Davenport. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 65 
 
 COLLINS AND BROTHER, New York. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Higher Instruction : 
 Improved Arithmetic by Adams ; Keys to Revised and 
 Improved Arithmetics, by Adams; Elementary French 
 by Addicks ; Eclipses, by Coffin ; Conic Sections, 
 by Coffin ; English Grammar, by Kirkham ; United 
 States Speaker, by Lovell ; New School Dialogues by 
 Lovell ; The Little Speaker, by Northend ; The 
 American Speaker, by Northend ; School Dialogues, 
 by Northend ; Rudiments of Natural Philosophy and 
 Astronomy, by Olmsted; Olmsted's School Astronomy, 
 revised by Snell ; Olmsted's College Astronomy, re- 
 vised by Snell ; Natural Philosophy, Parts I and II, 
 by Parker ; Parker's Natural Philosophy, revised by 
 Plympton ; A System of Book-keeping, by Preston ; 
 Manual of United States History, by Scott ; Shurtleff's 
 Governmental Instructor, revised by Camp ; the 
 Arithmetical Primer, by Underbill ; Compend of His- 
 tory, by Whelpley ; New American Speaker, by 
 Zachos. 
 
 COLORADO STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. Joseph C. Shattuck, Superintendent. 
 
 State School Laws, 1 pamphlet ; Set of State Re- 
 ports, 4 pamphlets. 
 
 COLUMBIA NATIONAL COLLEGE FOR DEAF- 
 MuTES, Washington, D. C. 
 
 This college was organized in 1864. The grade of in- 
 struction is similar to that usually given in American col- 
 leges, the full course of four years leading to the degree of 
 A. B. and a selected course of two years to that of B. S. 
 
 Reports of the Institution, 1858 to 1875 inclu- 
 sive ; Collection of American Publications relating to 
 ~ the Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, 41 vols; portfolio, 
 comprising 35 photographic illustrations of 30 in- 
 stitutions of deaf-mutes in the United States and 
 Canada. 
 
 F 
 
66 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUB- 
 LIC Instruction. B. G. Northrop, Secretary of the 
 State Board of Education, New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Reports of the State Board of Education, 1866- 
 1877, 12 vols. 
 
 COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF 
 Science and Art, New York. 
 
 Founded 1857. Cost of the property, $630,000. Pe- 
 partments in operation : Free Reading Room and Library ; 
 Free Art School for Women ; Free School for Women in 
 Wood Engraving ; Free School of Telegraphy for Women ; 
 Free Night School of Science ; Free Night School of Art 
 for Young Men ; Free Saturday Night Lectures. Ex- 
 penditures for carrying on the above departments nine- 
 teen years, $733,226.51. Free instruction in elementary 
 science and art in day and evening schools for the year 
 '877"78, 2,395 pupils; expenditure for the same year, 
 $48,324. 62. 
 
 Nineteenth Annual Report, pamphlet ; View of the 
 Building, which contains a large lecture-hall, library, 
 reading-rooms, and extensive accommodation for the 
 different schools. 
 
 Women's Art School contributes the following : — , 
 Two frames in crayon from casts ; one frame of de- 
 .lign from nature ; one frame of photographs finished 
 in colour ; one frame of studies in oil ; one frame in 
 crayon from nature ; two large portfolios of indus- 
 trial drawings, the first containing twenty sheets of 
 ornamentations and designs for textile fabrics, the 
 second containing fifteen specimens of engravings on 
 wood, and twenty sheets of drawings from casts. 
 
 Free Night School of Art for Young Men : Two 
 large drawings in crayon from casts, in frames ; One 
 portfolio containing fourteen specimens of drawing 
 from the flat and round, and designs from nature. 
 
 COWPERTHWAIT and CO. Philadelphia. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary Instruction : Series- of 
 Geographies, by Warren ; New Primary, New Com- 
 mon School, new Physical, Brief Coursa in Geo- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 67 
 
 graphy ; two sets of Reading Charts, by Munroe, 
 forty-eight in set; Vocal Gymnastics, by Munroe; 
 Series of Reading Books, by Munroe : first reader, 
 second reader (these also in Leigh's pronouncing type, 
 and in parallel pages in German), third reader, fourth 
 reader, fifth reader, sixth reader ; First Steps in spell- 
 ing, by Munroe ; Practical Speller, by Munroe ; 
 Series of Grammars, by Greene : Thought and Ex- 
 pression, Part I, Introduction to English Grammar, 
 New English Grammar, New Analysis of English 
 Language ; Series of Mathematics, by Hagar ! Pri- 
 mary Lessons in Numbers, Elementary Arithmetic, 
 Common School Arithmetic, Elementary Algebra ; 
 Geographical Drawing Book, by Apgar; Manual 
 of American Literature, by Royse ; Grammatical 
 Praxis, by Buehrle. 
 
 DANNER (John) Canton, Ohio. 
 
 Revolving Bookcase, on which the Collective Ex- 
 hibit of the City of Washington is installed. 
 
 DAVIS, BARDEEN, and CO. Syracuse, New York. 
 
 Educational Publications : Examination Questions 
 of the Regents of the State University of New York, 
 in Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, and Spelling ; 
 Miscellaneous Educational Blanks; Educational 
 Works, 1 o vols, as follows : — Problems in Percentage, 
 by Bradford ; Educational Directory of the State of 
 New York ; Constitution of the State of New York ; 
 School-room Guide, by De Graff; First Steps among 
 Figures ; Studies in Articulation ; Philosophy of 
 School Discipline, by Kennedy; Civil Government, 
 by Northam ; A Work in Number, by Roe ; Common 
 School Law. 
 
 DAVIS (Robert S.) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Higher Instruc- 
 tion : Class Book of Prose and Poetry, by Rickard and 
 Orcutt ; Cicero's Orations, by Folsom ; Greek Gram- 
 mar, by Fisk ; Greek Exercises, by Fisk ; Graded 
 
68 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Test Speller, by Gilbert ; Progressive Exercises in 
 English Composition, by Parker. Series of Mathe- 
 matics, by Greenleaf, viz. — New Primary Arithmetic, 
 New Elementary Arithmetic, New Practical Arith- 
 metic, Manual of Intellectual Arithmetic, Common 
 School Arithmetic, National Arithmetic, New Ele- 
 mentary Algebra, New Higher Algebra, Elements of 
 Geometry, Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigono- 
 metry, Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry, 
 New Elementary Geometry, Key to New Practical 
 Arithmetic, Key to Common School Arithmetic, Key 
 to National Arithmetic, Key to Elementary Algebra, 
 Key to New Higher Algebra, Key to Geometry 
 and Trigonometry, Key to New Elementary Geo- 
 metry. 
 
 DELAWARE STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. J. H. Grous, Superintendent, Smyrna. 
 Annual Report, l vol., with statistics of 1877. 
 
 DUBUQUE, Iowa. Thomas Hardie, Secretary of the 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Latest School Report, 1 vol. 
 
 EDGERTON (N. H.) Philadelphia, Penn. 
 
 A Complete Set of Chemical Apparatus for the 
 Higher Grades of Elementary Schools, comprising 
 test tubes, beakers, crucibles, tongs, evaporating 
 dishes, filtering stands, filtering paper, flasks, for- 
 ceps, funnels, mortars and pestles, retorts, racks, 
 lamps, forty-eight chemical substances in bottles, 
 magic lantern, with forty-eight slides illustrating 
 studies in natural history, anatomy, botany, geology, 
 entomology, astronomy, and kindred sciences. 
 
 ELASTIC CHAIR TIP COMPANY, Abington, Mass. 
 Specimen Chair, with elastic tips. 
 
 ELDRIDGE and BROTHER, Philadelphia. 
 
 Hart's Series of Text Books on the English Lan- 
 guage, viz. Language Lessons for Beginners, English 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 69 
 
 Grammar and Analysis, First Lessons in Composi- 
 tion, Composition and Rhetoric, A Short Course in 
 Literature, A Manual of Eng^hsh Literature, A Manual 
 of American Literature, A Class Book of Poetry. 
 
 EVANSVILLE, Indiana. 
 
 Scholars' Work from all grades of the public 
 schools, 13 vols. 
 
 FAIRBANKS (E. and T.) and Co. St. Johnsbury, Ver- 
 mont. 
 
 Metric Scales and Weights for Use in Schools, 
 with case. 
 
 FORT SCOTT, Kansas. C. C. Hutchinson, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Scholars' Work, 1 volume ; Photograph of School 
 Buildmg. 
 
 GAINES (S. M.) Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Gaines' Chemical Alphabet, or Object Teaching in 
 Chemistry. 
 
 OILMAN (J. W. C.) AND CO. Boston, Mass. 
 
 Free-hand Series of Writing Books, with original 
 Duntonian System of Rapid Writing, revised and im- 
 proved by A. R. Dunton, 10 books. 
 
 GINN AND HEATH, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Introduction to Anglo-Saxon, by Carpenter ; Par- 
 liament of Foules, by Chaucer ; Elements of Geo- 
 metry, by Wentworth ; English of the Fourteenth 
 Century, by Carpenter; Essentials of English Gram- 
 mar, by Whitney ; Globe, by Fitz, accompanied by 
 Manual ; Life, Art, and Character of Shakespeare, 
 by Hudson ; School Shakespeare, by Hudson, Series 
 1, 2, 3; Our World, by Hall, Nos 1, 2; Tables of 
 Logarithmic andTrigonometric Functions toThree and 
 Four Decimals, by Peirce ; Elements of Logarithms, 
 by Peirce ; Greek Grammar, by Goodwin ; Greek 
 Moods and Tenses, by Goodwin ; Greek Reader, by 
 F 2 
 
70 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Goodwin ; First Lessons in Greek, by White ; Serie; 
 by Allen and Greenough, viz. Latin Grammar, Latii 
 Composition, "Caesar, Sallust, Cicero, Cato Major. 
 Ovid, Virgil ; Latin Lessons, by Leighton ; Parallel 
 Rules of Greek and Latin Syntax for Use in Schools, 
 by Instructors in Williston Seminary ; Six Weeks' 
 Preparation for Reading Caesar, by Whiton. 
 
 The National Music Course, in 4 books, for 
 Public Schools, by Julius Eichberg, J. B. Sharland, 
 L. W. Mason, H. E. Holt, Supervisors of Music in 
 the public schools of Boston, viz. Primary or First 
 Music Reader, 1 vol ; Intermediate Music Reader, 
 1 %ol ; The Fourth Music Reader, 1 vol ; The Fifth 
 or High School Music Reader for Mixed Voices ; 
 Abridgments of the Second, Third, and Fourth 
 Music Readers ; L. W. Mason's Music Charts, 160 in 
 number. 
 
 GODDARD (N. C.) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Adams's Synchronological Chart. 
 
 GUYOT (Arnold) Trenton, New Jersey. 
 
 Series of Geographies : Primary, Elementary, New 
 Intermediate, Grammar School, and Physical. 
 
 Series of Wall Maps: Large — Europe, Central 
 Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, 
 United States, Hemispheres, The World on Mer- 
 cator's Projection ; Small — Europe, Central Europe, 
 Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Hemi- 
 spheres. Published by Scribner, Armstrong, and Co. 
 New York. 
 
 HAMILTON COLLEGE, Clinton, New York. 
 
 This is a typical American College, with a four years' 
 course of instruction in science and literature, leading to the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts, but having no special or pro- 
 fessional school connected with it. 
 
 Portfolio of Views of the College Buildings ; Cata- 
 logue and course of study. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 71 
 
 lAMMETT (J. L.) and CO. Boston. 
 
 Text Books : English Literature, by Sprague ; First 
 Lessons in Algebra, by Bailey ; Outlines of Astro- 
 nomy, by Wood ; Outlines of Meteorology, by Wood ; 
 Outlines of Physics, by Wood. 
 Apparatus : Heliotellus ; Lunatellus ; Forms and Solids 
 for Object-teaching ; Letters for Sentence-making ; 
 Sentence-stick ; Whitall's Planispheres. 
 
 HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTI- 
 TUTE, Hampton, Virginia. S. C. Armstrong, Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 This institution was founded in 1868, and incorporated in 
 1870. It has been endowed by individual gifts and by the 
 State ; it is designed to give a thorough literary and indus- 
 trial education to coloured pupils of both sexes; and is, 
 perhaps, the most important institution in the United States 
 for the education of this race. Manual labour is required 
 of all as a means of discipline and instruction ; number of 
 pupils about 250 ; number of professors, 20. 
 
 Views of the School : Oil Painting of the Building ; 
 Fifty-seven Photographs and Plans of the School, its 
 buildings, and its various industries ; Maps and Plans 
 of the Vicinity, the School Farm, and of Districts in 
 the South where the graduates have taught. 
 
 Publications : Southern Workmen, Journal pub- 
 lished by the School, 1877; Hampton and its Stu- 
 dents, 1 vol ; Cabin and Plantation Songs, 1 vol ; 
 Blanks and Regulations ; Reports of the School, 
 1876-77 ; Pamphlets. 
 
 Scholars' Work : Examination Exercises, 8 vols ; 
 specimens of printing from the school printing office ; 
 specimens of knitting executed with knitting ma- 
 chines ; models of economical and serviceable house- 
 hold furniture ; specimens of wood carving repre- 
 senting marine animals in that vicinity. 
 
 HARPER AND BROTHERS, New York. 
 
 Text Books : Anthon's Series of Classical Text 
 Books, as follows : — Caesar, jEneid of Virgil, Eclogues 
 
72 EXHIBTTION OF EDUCATION 
 
 and Georgics of Virgil, Sallust, Horace, Livy, Cicero's 
 Orations, Cicero's Tusculan Disputations, Cicero's De 
 Senectute, Cicero's De Officiis, Tacitus, Cornelius 
 Nepos, Juvenal and Persius, Xenophon's Anabasis, 
 Xenophon's Memorabilia of Socrates, Homer's Iliad, 
 English Commentary on Euripides, Smith's Dic- 
 tionary of Antiquities, Classical Dictionary, Smith's 
 New Classical Dictionary, Latin-English Dictionary, 
 Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary, Smith's 
 Dictionary of Antiquities Abridged, Latin Lessons, 
 Latin Prose Composition, Zumpt's Latin Grammar, 
 Latin Prosody and Metre, Key to First Greek Les- 
 sons, Greek Composition, Greek Grammar, New 
 Greek Grammar, Greek Prosody and Metre, Jacob's 
 Greek Reader, Manual of Greek Antiquities, Manual 
 of Roman Antiquities, Manual of Greek Literature, 
 Ancient and Mediaeval Geography ; Homeric Dic- 
 tionary, by Autenrielh ; Physiology and Calisthenics, 
 by Beecher; Rhetoric, by Boyd; Latin Orthography, 
 by Brambach ; Butler's Analogy ; Primary Object 
 Lessons and Phonic Charts, bj' Calkins; School 
 Lyrics, by Capron ; Latin Accidence, by Collard ; 
 German Series, 7 vols, by Comfort ; Physiology, by 
 Dalton ; Latin Hymns, Eusebius, Athenagoras, Ter- 
 tullian, and Justin Martyr, by March ; Anatomy, by 
 Draper ; Duff's Book-keeping Series, 2 vols and 
 blanks ; Docharty's Mathematical Series, 4 vols ; 
 Physiology, by Draper ; Fowler's English Grammar 
 Series, 3 vols ; French's Arithmetical Series, 6 vols ; 
 Gildersleeve's Persius ; Harper's Geographies, 2 
 vols ; Harper's Readers, 6 vols ; Harper's Writing 
 Books, 6 numbers ; Plautus, by Harrington; Rhetoric, 
 by Haven ; Hooker's Scientific Series, j; vols ; Har- 
 mony, by Horsley ; Plane Geometry, by Hunter ; 
 Seneca, by Hurst and Whitney ; Reading Charts, by 
 Johnson ; French Grammar and Reading Book, by 
 Knapp ; Penmanship, 7 numbers, by Lamson ; Pla- 
 tonic Theology, by Lewis ; Literary Selections ; 
 Loomis's Series of Mathematical Text Books, com- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 73 
 
 prising elementary arithmetic, Treatise on Arith- 
 metic, Natural Philosophy, Elements of Algebra and 
 Key, Algebra and Key, Geometry, Trigonometry, 
 Surveying, Logarithms, Trigonometry and Tables, 
 Analytical Geometry, Calculus, Astronomy, 3 vols ; 
 Meteorology ; English Language, Anglo-Saxon 
 Grammar and Reader, Parser and Analyser, by 
 March ; First and Second Books in Latin, and in 
 Greek, by McClintock ; Logic, by McGregor ; Geo- 
 graphy, by Morse ; Phonoerapher and Phonographic 
 Charts, by Munson ; Politics for Young Americans, 
 by Nordhoff ; Comparative Zoology, by Orton ; Gene- 
 ral History, Geographical Questions, and Aids to 
 Composition, by Parker ; Manual of Reading, by 
 Potter ; School and Schoolmaster, by Potter and 
 Emerson ; Greek New Testament Lexicon, by Robin- 
 son ; Rolfe's Series of English Classics, 10 vols ; 
 Juvenile Speaker, by Russell ; Histories of the United 
 States, 2 vols, by Scott ; History of Germany, by 
 Lewis ; Language Primer, Language Lessons, Com- 
 position and English Grammar, by Swinton ; Mental 
 Philosophy, by Upham ; Greek Grammar, and Latin 
 Grammar, by Waddell ; Problems, by Wentworth ; 
 Series of Readers, 9 numbers, by Willson ; Series of 
 Spellers, 3 numbers, by Willson ; School and Family 
 Charts, Object Lessons, Reading Charts, Drawing 
 Books, Drawing Guide, Writing and Drawing Slate, 
 Writing and Drawing Cards and Board, by Willson ; 
 English-Greek Lexicon, by Yonge ; School Harmo- 
 nist, vocal and instrumental, by Zundel and Ryan. 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, Mass. Charles 
 W. Eliot, President. 
 
 Harvard College, from which the University has been 
 developed, was founded in 1636 by a vote of the General 
 Court of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, and is the oldest 
 institution for superior education in America. 
 
 The University comprises the following departments : — 
 I, Harvard College; U, Divinity School; III, Law School; 
 IV, Medical School ; V, Dental School ; VI, Lawrence 
 
"4 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Scientific School ; VII, Bussey Institution for Horticulture 
 and Agriculture ; VIII, Observatory ; IX, Botanic Garden 
 and Herbarium ; X, Museum of Comparative Zoology ; 
 and XI, Peabody Museum of American Archseolgy and 
 Ethnology. 
 
 Students in regular standing in any one department of the 
 
 University are admitted free to the instruction given in the 
 
 other departments, vi'ith the exception of exercises carried 
 
 on in the special laboratories. 
 
 Reports, Catalogues, and Historical Sketches : 
 
 Quincy's History of Harvard University, 2 vols ; 
 
 Annual Reports, 1870-77, 1 vol; Catalogues, 1875, 
 
 1877, 1878; Harvard and its Surroundings; The 
 
 Harvard Book, 2 vols. 
 
 HENKLE (W. D.) Salem, Ohio. 
 
 Ohio Journal of Education, from January, 1876, 
 1 vol. 
 
 HIAWATHA, Kansas. R. L. lies, Superintendent. 
 Scholars' Work, 1 vol ; View of a School-house. 
 
 HIGGINSON (T. W.) Newport, Rhode Island. 
 
 Young Folks' History of the United States, 1 vol ; 
 Young Folks' Book of American Explorers, 1 vol. 
 
 HOLT (Henry) and CO., New York. 
 
 Text Books for the study of various Languages : 
 Handbook of Anglo-Saxon, by Corson; General 
 Sketch of History, by Freeman ; History of United 
 States, by Freeman ; German Literature, by Gostwick 
 and Harrison ; Approximate Computations,by Skinner ; 
 English Grammar, by Siglar ; Taine's History of 
 English Literature, abridged by Fiske ; Classic Litera- 
 ture, by White ; Le Conscrit de 1813, by Erckmann- 
 Chatrian ; Le Roman d'un Jeune Homme Pauvre, by 
 Feuillet ; Easy French Reading ; Histoire de France ; 
 French-English Dictionary, by Gasc ; The same in 
 case for Tourists ; French Grammar, by Gibert ; Jeu 
 des Auteurs ; First Book in French, by Otto ; Intro- 
 ductory French Reader, by Otto ; French Grammar, 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 75 
 
 by Otto; Otto's French Reader Revised, by Bocher ; 
 Parlez-vous Franqais ; College Series of French 
 Plays; Book of French Plays, edited by Joyne; 
 French Books by Pylodit ; Beginning French, Begin- 
 ner's French Reader, Second French Reader, La 
 Litterature Fran^aise Classique, Gouttes de Ros^e, La 
 Mere I'Oie ; Petit Cours, by Sadler ; Petite Fadette, 
 by Sadler ; French Books, by Sauveur : Introduc- 
 tion to the Teaching of Living Languages, French 
 Grammar, Causeries avec mes Eleves, Petites Cause- 
 ries, Causeries avec les Enfants, Fables de La Fon- 
 taine ; French Conversation, bv Witcomb and Bellen- 
 ger; German Literature, by Evans; Leitfaden, by 
 Heness; Lese und Sprachbvicher, by Klemm; German 
 Grammar, by Otto ; German Reader, by Evans ; First 
 Book in German ; Introductory German Lessons ; In- 
 troductory German Reader ; Materials for Translating 
 English into German, by Otto ; Three German 
 Comedies; Iphigenie auf Tauris, by Goethe; Sprechen 
 Sie Deutsch ; Undine, by Fouque ; German Grammar, 
 by Whitney ; German Reader, by Whitney ; German 
 Dictionary, by Whitney ; Lessing's Minna von Barn- 
 helm, edited by Whitney ; Goethe's Faust, edited by 
 Cook ; Schiller's William Tell, edited by Whitney ; 
 Parlate Italiano ; Habla vd Espagnol ; Habla vd Ingles ; 
 Spanish Hive ; Latin Grammar, by Ammen ; Csesar's 
 Commentaries, edited by Wiley ; Cicero's Orations, 
 edited by Wiley ; Virgil's jEneid, edited by Wiley ; A 
 Hebrew Grammar, by Deutsch ; Key to the Penta- 
 teuch, by Deutsch. 
 
 ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY, Champaign, 
 Illinois. J. M. Gregory, Regent. 
 
 A State Institution, founded in 1868. The following are 
 the departments: I, College of Agriculture; II, College of 
 Engineering; III, College of Natural Science; IV, College 
 of Literature and Science;^, Schools of Military Science, 
 of Commerce, and of Domestic Science and Art. 
 
 Reports and Views : Reports of the University, ' 
 
76 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 volumes, 1868-74; 31 Photographic Views of the 
 Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Students' Work : Thirty Drawings from Prints, from 
 Plaster Casts, and from Nature, required from each 
 Student in Architecture. 
 
 Portfolio of Drawings in Descriptive Geometry, 
 Sophomore Class, 1876-77, and 78. 
 
 Four Theses by Students on the following sub- 
 jects : — Analysis of Peoria Bridge ; Triangular Weirs ; 
 Railroad Superstructure ; School Architecture. 
 
 S:xty-four Specimens of Shop Work, chiefly in 
 Carpentry and Joinery. 
 
 S X Portfolios of Students' Work, in Cryptogamic 
 Botany, The Physical Laboratory, Experiments in the 
 Resistance of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, 
 Testing Physical Laws, Thermodynamics, and Trian- 
 gulation Problems. 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED 
 Children, Lincoln, 111. C. T. Wilbur, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Large Photographs of the Building ; Four Photo- 
 graphs of Pupils in Tableaux ; Pupils' Work : Twenty- 
 three Articles Embroidered and Crocheted. 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. S. M. Etter, Superintendent. 
 Reports of the Superintendent, 1875-76. 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE NORMAL UNIVERSITY, Normal, 
 III. E. C. Hewett, President. 
 
 Photographs and Plans of the Building, and Litho- 
 graphic View of the same, framed for wall display. 
 
 Reports, Catalogues, and History of the University, 
 2 vols ; Papers illustrating the work in certain 
 Departments, 2 vols. 
 
 ILLINOIS STATE TEACI^RS' ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Circulars and Questions for the Competitive Ex- 
 aminations held under its Direction, 1 Pamphlet ; 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 77 
 
 Examination Papers, 2 volumes, comprising Gram- 
 mar, Arithmetic, Geography, Spelling, Letter Writing, 
 Common Things. 
 
 INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. J. H. Smart, Superintendent. 
 
 State Reports, Complete ; Reports of the Superin- 
 tendent of Crawford County ; Manuals of the Public 
 Schools, from Hendricks and Montgomery Counties. 
 
 Model of the School Building of the Indiana State 
 Normal School at Terre Haute. 
 
 INDIANA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, Terre Haute, 
 Indiana. 
 
 Scholars' Work, First and Second Classes, 3 vols. 
 
 INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, Bloomington, Ind. 
 R. C. Foster, Secretary. 
 Catalogues. 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. G. P. Brown, Superintendent. 
 Scholars' Work : Penmanship, second to eighth 
 years, 7 vols ; High School Examination Papers, 
 l8 vols. 
 
 IOWA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. C. W. Von Coelln, Superintendent, Des 
 Moines. 
 
 School Laws and Decisions, 1 vol ; Biennial Re- 
 ports of the Superintendent, for 1876-77, 1874-75, 
 1872-73, 1870-71, 4 vols. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR, and CO. New York. 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion : Series of Graded Readers, 5 numbers ; Literary 
 Reader, by Cathcart ; Combination Speller, by 
 Shearer ; Union Speller, by Sanders ; Series of 
 Mathematical Text Books, by Robinson, as follows : 
 Algebraic Problems, Calculus, Geometry, and Trigo- 
 nometry, Surveying and Navigation, University Alge- 
 bra, Elementary Algebra, Complete Arithmetic, Parts 
 
78 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 I and II, First Book in Arithmetic, Arithmetical 
 Problems, Higher Arithmetic, Practical Arithmetic, 
 Jun or Class Arithmetic, Rudiments of Arithmetic, 
 Intellectual Arithmetic, Primary Arithmetic ; Outlines 
 of History, Condensed History, and Primary History, 
 by Swinton ; Word Analysis, Word Book, and Word 
 Primer, by Swinton ; Academic Dictionary, Counting- 
 House Dictionary, High School Dictionary, Common 
 School Dictionary, Primary Dictionary, by Webster ; 
 First Lessons in Grammar, Shorter Course Gram- 
 mar, and Common School Grammar, by Kerl ; Geo- 
 logical Story, Text Book of Geology, Manual of 
 Geology, by Dana ; Elementary Chemistry, by Eliot 
 and Storer ; French Course, and Introductory French 
 Course, by Fasquelle; French Course and Spanish 
 Course, by Languellier and Monsanto ; Manual of 
 French Poetry, by Mixer ; French Verbs, by Henne- 
 quin ; Military Lessons, by Welcker ; Easy Lessons 
 in German, and Complete Course in German, by 
 Woodbury ; Manual of Botany, Lessons in Botanji 
 How Plants Behave, How Plants Grow, by Doctor 
 Gray ; Elementary Geography, Complete Geography, 
 by Swinton ; Primary Drawing, Elementary Drawii^, 
 by White ; Spencerian Writing Charts, mounted ; 
 Spencerian Tracing Books, Spencerian Shorter Course, 
 7 numbers; Spencerian Copy Books, 12 numbers; 
 Spencerian Exercise Books, A and B. 
 
 JOHNSON (A. J.) New York. 
 
 General Encyclopaedia, suitable for reference in 
 schools, 8 vols ; Universal Atlas. 
 
 JOSLYN (Gilman) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Globes: — 1 12-inch, full frame, celestial globe ; l 
 12-inch, full frame, terrestrial globe; 1 gi-inch, 
 semi-frame, terrestrial globe ; l 6-inch, solar-tellu- 
 rian globe. 
 
 KANSAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. A. B. Lemmon, Superintendent, Topeka. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 79 
 
 Set of State Reports, 1863-1876, 4 vols; cata- 
 logues and courses of study from colleges, State 
 Normal School, high and graded schools, several 
 vols ; portfolio of photographs of school-houses ; 
 County Superintendent Record Books, by S. A. Felter ; 
 Kansas Educational Journal, 1864-1867, 3 vols; 
 School Laws, 1876, 1 vol; University of Kansas, 1 
 vol. 
 
 LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, Easton, Pennsylvania. Wil- 
 ham Cattell, President. 
 This college has a scientific department. 
 Large water-colour picture of Pardee Hall ; con- 
 tour map of the college grounds ; Scholars' Work. 
 
 LAPORTE, Indiana. 
 School Reports. 
 
 LAWRENCE, Kansas. W. A. Boles, Superintendent. 
 View of School Building ; Reports of Superin- 
 tendent, 1868-1878, bound in 1 vol; Scholars' 
 Work, 2 vols. 
 
 LEA (Henry C.) Philadelphia. 
 
 Medical Text Books : American Medical Journal, 
 2 volumes ; The Ear, by Burnett ; Venereal Diseases, 
 by Bumstead ; Century of Medicine ; Physiology, 
 by Dalton ; Medical Dictionary, by Dunglison ; 
 Diseases of the Respiratory Organs, Diseases 
 of the Heart, Practice, Percussion, and Phthisis, by 
 Flint ; Medical Essays, by Flint ; Urinary Organs, by 
 Gross ; Foreign Bodies in Air-Passages, by Gross ; 
 Surgery, by Gross ; Universal Formulary, by Griffith ; 
 Essentials of Medicine, Conspectus of the Medical 
 Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology, by Hartshorne ; 
 Diseases Peculiar to Women, by Hodge ; Obstetrics, by 
 Hodge ; Fractures, by Hamilton ; Church History, by 
 Lea ; Yellow Fever, and Pneumonia, by La Roche ; Elec- 
 tro-Therapeutics, by Lincoln; Compendium of Medical 
 Science, by Neill and Smith ; Pharmacy, by Parrish ; 
 
8o EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Extra-uterine Pregnancy, by Parry ; Chemistry, by 
 Remsen ; Diseases of Children, by Smith ; Therapeu- 
 tics, by Stills ; Anatomical Atlas, by Smith and 
 Horner ; Diseases of Females, by Thomas. 
 
 LEAVENWORTH, Kansas. John Whe well, Superinten-' 
 dent. 
 
 Views, exterior and interior, of School-houses ; 
 Scholars' Work, 1 vol ; Reports of the Superintendent, 
 1869-1872, 1 vol. 
 
 LEE AND SHEPARD, Boston, Mass. 
 Text Books for Schools. 
 
 LEIGH (Edwin) New York. 
 
 Appliances for teaching the first steps in reading, 
 by Leigh's pronouncing orthography : Reading books 
 of several series by different compilers, printed in 
 Leigh's pronouncing orthography, 15; French leaves 
 for little learners, in pronouncing orthography ; 
 Juvenile brochures, in pronouncing orthography ; 
 Charts and letter cards ; Miscellaneous publications 
 relating to Leigh's syhtem. 
 
 LINCOLN (D. F.) Boston, Mass. 
 
 School Hygiene in the United States ; a collection 
 of reports, papers, and various documents, of which 
 several are original, bound in one vol. 
 
 LIPPINCOTT (J. B.) AND CO. Philadelphia. 
 
 Text Books and Charts for Elementary and 
 Secondary Instruction : Astronomy, 2 vols ; Geo- 
 metry, Trigonometry, and Method of Least Squares, 
 by Chauvenet ; Practical Method of Teaching 
 French, Key to Practical Method, Exercises in 
 Syntax, First Lessons in French, Vicar of Wake- 
 field ( F"rench edition), by Sue ; School Economj', 
 and Method of Instruction, by Wickersham ; Science 
 of Wealth, by Walker ; Elements of Laws, by 
 Smith ; German Grammar, by Schmitz ; Higher 
 Arithmetic, Common School Arithmetic, Interme- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 8l 
 
 diate Arithmetic, Primary Arithmetic, by Sanford; 
 Art Criticism, Abridged and Unabridged, by Sam- 
 son ; Botany, by Lincoln ; Natural Philosophy, 
 Philosophy for Beginners, Chemistry for Beginners, 
 Chemistry, by Phelps ; Chemistry, by Morton and 
 Leeds ; English Grammar, by Long ; La Grammaire 
 en Action ; Analytical Geometry, by Johnson ; Geo- 
 metrical Analysis, by Hallowell ; Etymology, and 
 Latin Pronunciation, by Haldeman ; Anatomical 
 Series, 3 vols, by Cutter ; Butler's Analogy ; United 
 States, by Deroy ; Philosophy of Mathematics, by 
 Bledsoe; Logic, by Atwater ; Biographical Dictionary, 
 2 vols ; Series of Worcester's Dictionaries, 6 vols ; 
 Lippincott's Gazetteer, 2 vols; Dictionary of Authors, 
 by Allibone, 3 vols ; Anatomical Charts, by Cutter. 
 
 LOCKWOOD, BROOKS, and CO. Boston, Mass. 
 Clarke's Astronomical Lantern, 
 
 LOUISIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBIJC 
 Instruction. R. M. Lusher, Superintendent. 
 Report of the Superintendent for 1877. 
 
 MARYLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. M. A. Newell, Superintendent, Bal- 
 timore. 
 
 State Reports, 1865-1877, 6 vols; State Normal 
 School Catalogues and Examination Questions ; Re- 
 port of State Board of Health on Public Charities ; 
 Set of Reports of Maryland Institute ; Set of Reports 
 of Peabody Institute ; S°tof Reports of Institution <br 
 the Blind. 
 
 MASON (Luther Whiting) Boston, Mass. 
 
 National Music Charts, in four series, 40 charts in 
 each, size 25 x 36 inches, for use in common schools, 
 from the lowest to the highest grade ; the National 
 Music Teacher, a practical guide for teaching music 
 to young children, 1 vol. Publishers, Ginn and Heath. 
 
 G 
 
82 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNO- 
 LOGY, Boston, Mass. 
 
 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston was 
 established in the year 1865. It provides a series of scientific 
 and literary studies and practical exercises, embracing Pure 
 and Applied Mathematics, the Physical and Natural Sciences, 
 with their applications. Drawing, the English Language, 
 Mental and Political Science, French, and German. Ten 
 Regular Courses have beetl established, each extending 
 through four years, as follows : — 
 
 I, Civil and Topographical Engineering. II,, Mechanical 
 Engineering. Ill, Geology and Mining Engineering. IV, 
 Building and Architecture! V, Chemistiy. VI, Metal- 
 lurgy. VII, Natural History. VIII, Physics. IX, Science 
 and Literature. X, Philosophy. 
 
 These courses are identical during the first year; but for 
 the three remaining years the studies in each course are 
 arranged with reference to the end in view. 
 
 In these courses non-profe9Bional studies generally end at 
 the middle of the fourth year ; the second half of that year 
 being mainly devoted to professional studies, including the 
 preparation of a graduating thesis. 
 
 The Department of Architecture is under the charge of 
 the Professor of Architecture, Mr. William R. Ware, who 
 directs the studies and holds courses of lectures upon -the 
 strictly professional subjects. The instmction in design is 
 conducted by Mr. Eugene Letang, formerly a pupil of the 
 *' Ecole des Beaux-Arts " in the atelier of M. Vaudremer. 
 Other subjects, such as Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, 
 Mechanics, and the LanguageSi are taught in connection 
 with other classes by the professors and instructors in other 
 departments. 
 
 Reports, Catalogues, and Scholars' Work : Cata- 
 logues, 1861-1875; Reports, 1872-75. Sixteen 
 Frames of Architectural Drawings, as follows: — A Well 
 between Two Gardens ; a Memorial School-house ; 
 Campaniles ; Restoration of a Pompeian House ; a 
 Court-Yard ; Monumental Bridges ; Pavilion between 
 Two Bridges ; Lamp-Posts ; a Pedestal for a Statue ; 
 a Mortuary Chapel ; a Casino ; an Engine-House. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 
 Bridgewater, Mass. A. G. Boyden, Principal. 
 
 History and Alumni Record of the School by the 
 Principal, 1 vol ; Plans and Views of the Original School 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 83 
 
 Building, the first normal school-house erected in 
 America, and of the present building of the school. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS STATE NORMAL ART 
 ScHOOi,, Boston, Mass. Walter Smith, Director. 
 
 Established by the State in 1873. Object, to furnish frained 
 instructors in industrial art to towns and cities ; open to 
 both sexes ; tuition free ; supported by the State ; under 
 control of State Board of Education. 
 
 Ten Portfolios of Drawings by the Students, illus- 
 trating the whole course of instruction. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS STATE DEPARTMENT OF 
 Public Instruction. J. W. Diciiinson, Secretary of 
 the State Board of Education, Boston. 
 
 Complete set of Reports of the Board of Education, 
 34 vols; Complete set of the Annual Reports of the 
 School Committees of the 344 Municipalities of the 
 State for 1875, 12 vols; Educational Map of the 
 State. 
 
 MEADEVILLE, Pennsylvania. S. P. Bates, Superinten- 
 dent. 
 
 Scholars' Work : Freehand Drawings, from nine 
 classes, each representing one year of advancement, 
 
 1 portfolio. 
 
 MERRAIM (G. and C.) Springfield, Mass. 
 
 Webster's Dictionaries, as follows : — Unabridged 
 Quarto Dictionary, 3 copies ; National Dictionary, 
 
 2 copies. 
 
 MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY. Ann Arbor, Mi- 
 chigan. James B. Angell, President. 
 
 The University of Michigan, opened in 1841, is a part of 
 the public educational system of the State. It is governed 
 by a Board of Regents, elected for terms of eight years by 
 popular vote. It comprises : I, The Department of Litera- 
 ture, Science, and Arts (including the School of Mines); 
 II, The Department of Medicine and Surgery; III, The 
 Department of Law ; IV, The School of Pharmacy.; V, 
 The Homoeopalhic Medical College ; VI, The Dental 
 
84 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 College. Each of these departments and colleges has its 
 faculty of instruction, who are charged with the special 
 management of it. 
 Reports and Catalogues : Calendar ; Triennial 
 
 Catalogue ; Historical Sketch of the University, by 
 
 Adams. 
 
 MILSOM (H.) Buffalo, New York. 
 Ozone Generator and Diffuser. 
 
 MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin. James McAllister, Super- 
 intendent. 
 
 School Architecture : Portfolio containing Eighteen 
 Photographs of school buildings, size l8x 22 inches; 
 Portfolio of plans of interiors of the best school build- 
 ings of the city, corresponding to photographic views; 
 Maps showing the distribution and location of school 
 buildings ; View and plan of the Fourteenth District 
 School, framed for wall exhibition. 
 
 Portfolio, containing a set of all the blanks used in 
 the administration of the schools. 
 
 Scholars' Work from district high and normal 
 .schools, 122 vols; Portfolio of Maps (selected work) 
 by pupils of the high schools and upper grades of 
 the District Schools. 
 
 MINNESOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. D. Burt, Superintendent, St Paul. 
 Reports of the Superintendent. 
 
 MISSISSIPPI STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. J. A. Smith, Superintendent, Jackson. 
 Report of the Superintendent for 1876,1 vol. 
 
 MONROE (Lewis B.) Boston. 
 
 System of teaching the first steps in reading ; Fifty 
 primary reading charts ; Series of readers. 
 
 MOUNT HOLYOKE FEMALE SEMINARY, South 
 Hadley, Mass. Miss Julia Ward, Principal. 
 
 This institution was opened in 1837. The pupils are 
 boarded in the establishment. The ordinary daily house- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 85 
 
 work of the family is performed by the young ladies, super- 
 intended by the teachers and matrons. In this domestic 
 work each pupil spends about one hour in each day. The 
 course of study occupies four years ; candidates for admis- 
 sion must be at least sixteen 5'ears of age, and it is considered 
 desirable that candidates should be seventeen or eighteen. 
 
 Water-colour picture of building; Twelve photo- 
 graphs of interiors; Plan of the grounds; Plans of 
 the buildings ; One bound volume of catalogues ; One 
 bound volume of documents and addresses ; Set of 
 Memorandum Society Catalogues in portfolios ; Me- 
 mories of Miss Lyon, by Dr. Hitchcock ; Life and 
 Labours of Mary Lyon, published by American Tract 
 Society ; Recollections of Miss Lyon, by Miss Fisk ; 
 Memorial Volume of Mount Holyoke Seminary, twelve 
 copies; Pamphlet entitled "Historical Sketch," 1,090 
 copies; Catalogues, 1876-77, forty copies; Cata- 
 logues, 1877-78, 1,000 copies; Address by Professor 
 Tyler at the opening of the Lyman Williston Hall, 
 200 copies. 
 
 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PUBLISHING LI- 
 TERARY AND MusiCAL WoRKS FOR THE Blind, Phil- 
 adelphia. 
 
 Publications printed in the improved combined 
 letter, viz, Dictionary of Musical Terms for the Use of 
 the Blind; The Life and Beauties of Shakespeare; 
 Selected Hymns for the Religious Service of the Insti- 
 tutions for the Blind. 
 
 NEWTON, Massachusetts. Ephraim Hunt, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Ten photographs, exterior and interior views of 
 school-houses; Scholars' Work: Four vols from High 
 School, 10 and 13 year grades ; Six vols from Gram- 
 mar Schools, 4 to 9 year grades ; Quantity of un- 
 bound Scholars' Work ; Newton Town Report, 1871 ; 
 School Reports of 1876-77, and Course of Study in 
 Public Schools (pamphlets), a large quantity for dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 G 2 
 
86 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPARTMENT OF 
 Public Instruction. Charles A. Downs, Superinten- 
 dent, Concord. 
 
 Report of the Superintendent, 2 vols ; School regis- 
 ters and blanks used in the administration of the 
 system. 
 
 NEW HAVEN, Connecticut. Ariel Parish, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 City School Reports, 1 vol. 
 
 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. E. A. Apgar, Superintendent, Tren- 
 ton. 
 
 Superintendent's Reports, 1 866-7 7 ! Scholars' Work 
 from various cities and towns, 9 vols, comprising 
 map-drawing, mathematics, primary work, analysis, 
 penmanship, plant analysis, and miscellaneous work; 
 Views of school-houses. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. Henry Kiddle, Superintendent. 
 City School Reports, 1875. 
 
 NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 
 Instruction. Neil Gilmour, Superintendent, Albany. 
 
 Set of Superintendent's Reports, 1870-77; State 
 Cabinet of Natural History Documents, 2 vols. 
 
 OHIO STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. J. J. Burns, Commissioner, Columbus. 
 
 Reports of the Commissioner, 9 vols ; History of 
 Education in Ohio, 1 vol ; Higher Education, 1 vol ; 
 History of Public Schools, 1 vol. 
 
 OLATHE, Kansas. A. Carroll, Superintendent. 
 Scholars' Work, 1 vol. 
 
 OTTAWA, Kansas. William Wheeler, Superintendent. 
 View of a School-house ; Scholars' Work, 2 vols. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 87 
 
 PAOLA, Kansas. G. A. Copley, Superintendent. 
 Scholars' Work, 1 vol. 
 
 PARMENTER and WALKER, Waltham, Mass. 
 
 White and Coloured Chalk Crayons, on walnut 
 stand. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUB- 
 LIC Instruction. J. P. Wickcrsham, Superintendent, 
 Harrisburg, Penn. 
 
 State School Reports, 1874-77, 4 vols; School 
 Laws, a large number for distribution ; Blank Forms ; 
 Teachers' Monthly Reports, 7 vols ; Teachers' Pro- 
 visional Certificates, 3 vols ; Teachers' Professional 
 Certificates, 2 vols. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, West 
 Chester, Penn. G. L. Maris, Principal. 
 
 Scholars' Work : Examination Papers in Algebra 
 and Geometry, 2 vols ; Catalogues of the School, 
 and of the Students' Library. 
 
 PEABODY EDUCATION FUND (The Trustees of 
 the). Barnas Sears, General Agent, Staunton, Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 This fund was created Feb. 7, 1867, by George Peabody, 
 Esq. by the presentation of the sum of $2,000,000, to be 
 held in trust for the improvement of education in the 
 Southern States. The iirst meeting of the trustees named 
 by Mr. Peabody, was held Feb. 8, 1867, in the City of 
 Washington, and the body was organized, with Robert C. 
 Winthrop, of Massachusetts, as chairman. At a meeting 
 held on March 20, 1867, Rev. Dr Barnas Sears, at that 
 time President of Brown University, was appointed General 
 Agent, a position which he still retains. 
 
 At the Second Annual Meeting, held Jan. 21, 1868, at 
 Richmond, Va. the General Agent presented his first re- 
 port, recommending as to the disposition of the fund, 
 in promoting primary or common school education, that 
 aid should be given chiefly to public schools ; that it is better 
 to help a few vigorous schools in important localities than to 
 multiply the number of feeble ones ; that normal schools 
 should be especially favoured, and normal schools as distin- 
 guished from normal departments of colleges and academies. 
 
88 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION' 
 
 The work has been carried on in aceorrlance with these re- 
 commendations ; and the aggregate of the sums thus judi- 
 ciously distributed, in the ten years from 1868 to 1877, amounts 
 to $984,450. 
 
 Reports and Proceeding's, 1867-1877, I bound 
 volume and 1 pamphlet. 
 
 PERKINS INSTITUTION AND MASSACHUSETTS 
 Asylum for the Blind, Boston. M. Anagnos, Super- 
 intendent. 
 
 Text Books printed in raised type, and School Ap- 
 pliances : History of England, by Dickens ; Shake- 
 speare's Hamlet and Julius Caesar ; Byron's Hebrew 
 Melodies and Chiide Harold ; Ciphering Slate, with 
 Type ; Map of the World ; Pamphlets ; Physiology, by 
 Cutter ; Howe Memorial. Scholars' Work : — Twelve 
 Articles of Dress and other Household Use, made by 
 Laura Bridgman and other pupils. 
 
 PETERSON (T. B.) and BROTHERS, Philadelphia. 
 
 Text Books and Appliances for Elementary and 
 Secondary Instruction. 
 
 Alphabet and Sound Charts, by Comstock ; Elo- 
 cution, by Comstock ; The Lawrence Speaker ; Lan- 
 guages without a Master. 
 
 PHELPS (W. F.) Whitewater, Wisconsin. 
 Handbook for Teachers. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, Pennsylvania. H. W. Hallowell, Se- 
 cretary of the Board of Education. 
 
 Reports and Plans : Board of Education, Fifty- 
 first, Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty- 
 fifth, and Fifty-sixth, Annual Reports; Plan of Nor- 
 mal School, 
 
 PHILBRICK (John D.) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Reports as Superintendent of the Public Schools 
 of Boston: Thirty-three semi-Annual, twelve Quar- 
 terly, and five Special Reports, 1857-1878, 7 vols. 
 Hors Concours. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 89 
 
 PITTSFIELD FIRST GRAMMAR SCHOOL, Pittsfield, 
 Mass. George H. Gary, Principal. 
 Scholars' Work, 2 vols. 
 
 PORTSMOUTH HIGH SCHOOL, Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire. S. W. Clarke, Principal. 
 
 Various School Documents ; Scholars' Work : — 
 Essays and Examination Papers from the four 
 classes ; Plan and Surveying Papers. 
 
 PUTNAM'S (G. P.) SONS, New York. 
 
 Miscellaneous and School Books : Poetry for 
 Home and School by Brackett and Eliot ; Best 
 Reading by Perkins ; Library Companion ; Lo- 
 gical Praxis, by Day ; Elements of Psychology ; His- 
 tory of Philosophy, by Elmendorf ; Order of Studies, by 
 Hill ; German Universities, by Hart ; German Classics, 
 3 vols, by Hart ; Select British Essayists, 3 vols ; 
 The Jukes, by Dugdale ; Rest for Women, by Jacobi ; 
 English Statesmen, by Higginson ; English Radical 
 Leaders, by Hinton ; French Political Leaders, by 
 King; German Political Leaders, by Trettle ; Ro- 
 mance of American History, by De Vere ; How to 
 Educate Yourself, by Eggleston ; Living ; Putnam's 
 World's Progress, revised by Perkins ; Sketch Book, 
 by Irving ; Life of Washington, by Irving ; Handbook 
 of Statistics of United States, by Spalding ; Economic 
 Monographs. 
 
 RHODE ISLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUB- 
 LIC Instruction. Thomas B. Stockwell, Commissioner, 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Reports and Views. 
 
 History of Education in Rhode Island, 1636-1876 ; 
 Report of the Commissioner of Public Instruction, 
 1877; Common School Manual, 1873; Chart of 
 Normal School Course of Study ; View of Providence 
 High School. 
 
 Scholars' Work, 25 vols. 
 
90 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 RICHMOND, Indiana. 
 
 Scholars' Work, of Classes from the 2nd to the 
 8th, 7 vols. 
 
 RITCHIE (E. S.) AND SONS, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Set of Physical Apparatus for Higher Elementary 
 Schools, with case, known as the " Boston School Set." 
 
 Laws of Matter. 
 
 Cohesion hemispheres, $0.65 ; capillary plates, 
 $1.25; capillary tubes, $1.15; inertia apparatus, 
 $0.85 ; collision balls, $2.75 ; centre of gravity, $7.25 ; 
 pendulum, $2.50; whirling ring, $2.75; compound 
 levers, $3.25 ; illustration of pulleys, $16.25 ; weights, 
 $2.75. 
 
 Hydrostatics. 
 
 Equilibrium tubes, $2.75; pressure of liquids, 
 $1.75; Archimedes' principle, $2.50 ; siphon, $0.65 ; 
 Tantalus's cup, $1.25 ; pumps, $14.50. 
 
 Pneumatics. 
 
 Air Pumps, $31.50; receiver (capped), $3.15; re- 
 ceiver (plain) $0.90 ; hand glass, $0.90 ; expansion 
 apparatus, $0.65; Magdeburg hemispheres, $5; 
 weight and buoyancy, $7.20 ; guinea and feather tube, 
 $6.10 ; sliding rod, $2 ; collars and oil, $0.40 ; screw 
 plug, $0.40; barometer tube, $1. 
 
 Heat. 
 
 Spirit lamp, $0.65 ; bar and gauge, $1.65; com- 
 pound bar, $0.90 ; wire gauze, $0.40 ; conductometer, 
 $2.75; principles of ventilation, $2.25; reflectors, 
 $10.75; palm-glass, $0.65. 
 
 Acoustics. 
 
 Ball in vacuo, $2.25 ; diapason in case, $5.75 ; pipe 
 with piston, $4; sonometer, $19.25; screw press, 
 $5 ; vibrating plate, $2.50 ; violoncello bow, $1.75. 
 
 Optics. 
 
 Prism, $1.15; multiplying prism, $0.45 ; pair of 
 lenses (piano), $1.75 ; pair of lenses (bi-convex) 
 $2.25; Newton's disc, $2.75 ; model of the eye, $5. 
 
 Electricity and Magnetism. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIS! 91 
 
 Friction cylinder, $45; Holtz machine, $36; cat- 
 skin, fo.45; insulated conductor, $7.25 ; insulating 
 stool, $4.50; electrometer, $60; flies, $1.10; bells 
 and stand, $2.75; plate, $0.60; pith balls, $0.20; 
 Ether spoon, $0.90 ; gas pistol, f O.60 ; powder 
 bomb, $1.10; spiral tube, $2.75; movable coatings 
 jar, $2.75 ; Leyden jars, $4 ; discharger, $2 ; bar 
 magnet, $60 ; magnetic needle, $0.90 ; magnet, 
 $2.80 ; wheel armature, f O.40 ; bi-chromate battery, 
 $3.15; galvanometer, $3.60; powder cup, $0.90; 
 helix and ring, $3.15; electro-magnet, $2.25 ; model 
 of telegraph, $7.65; revolving magnet, $6.25; 
 shocker, $6.75 ; handles and wires, $1.75. 
 
 ROGERS (John) New York. 
 
 Statuary for school decoration, 4 pieces. 
 
 ROME FEMALE COLLEGE, Rome, Georgia. J. J. M. 
 Caldwell, President. 
 
 Scholars' Work : One large portfolio, containing 
 specimens of freehand drawing and penmanship ; 
 one crayon drawing from nature, framed for wall 
 exhibit. 
 
 ROSS (Joseph L.) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Five School Desks and Chairs of different sizes, 
 each chair and each desk being mounted on a separate 
 support ; one with the " Mowry lid" to hold the book 
 at the proper angle for reading; one of the normal 
 pattern with lifting lid ; one tor grammar schools, 
 with lifting lid ; one for the lower class of grammar 
 schools, and one for primary schools. 
 
 RUDY (Charles) Paris, France. 
 
 Application of the Ollendorf method to the teaching 
 of the Chinese Mandarin language, 1 vol. 
 
 SADLIER (W. H.) New York. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary Instruction ; Excelsior 
 Series of Illustrated Geographies and Readers, as 
 follows : — Excelsior geographies, 3 numbers; Excelsior 
 introduction to geography ; Excelsior readers, 6 num- 
 
92 EXHIBITION OF EDUCA TION 
 
 bers ; Excelsior grand maps, 42 x 52 inches, viz. The 
 Hemispheres, United States with Canada and Mexico, 
 Europe, Asia, South America, Africa, Mercator's pro- 
 jection of the world. 
 
 SALINA, Kansas. F. D. Fitzpatrick, Superintendent. 
 Scholars' Work, i vol ; rules and regulations. 
 
 SCHERMERHORN'S SCHOOL AGENCY, New York. 
 Various Appliances for Instruction. 
 
 SCHOFIELD (William S.) Philadelphia. 
 
 Pamphlet entitled " A System of Universal Edu- 
 cation." 
 
 SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG, and CO. New York. 
 
 Text Books for elementary and secondary instruc- 
 tion : Series of Geographies by Guyot; Elementary, 
 New Intermediate, Grammar School, and Physical 
 Geography. Series of Arithmetics, by Falter ; Pri- 
 mary, New Intermediate, Advanced, and Complete 
 Arithmetic, Primary Speller, and New Graded Speller, 
 by Sheldon ; Primer, by Sheldon ; Series of Readers, 
 by Sheldon, comprising First Reader, Second Reader, 
 Third Reader, Fourth Reader, Fifth Reader, and 
 Manual; Easy Experiments by Cooley; Elements 
 of Philosophy, Elements of Natural Philosophy, by 
 Cooley ; Elements of Chemistry, Elements of Ad- 
 vanced Chemistry, by Cooley ; Natural History, 
 and Elements of Zoology, by Jenney; Elementary 
 Instruction, by Sheldon ; Lessons on Objects, by 
 Sheldon ; Drawing Cards, by Melville ; Etymology 
 by Smeaton ; two Series of Wall Maps, by Guyot. 
 
 SHELDON AND CO. New York. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion : — Zoology, by Agassiz and Gould ; Citizen's 
 Manual, and Science of Government, byAlden; School 
 Grammar, and Practical Grammar, by Bullions ; 
 Latin Grammar, Latin Lessons, and Latin Reader, by 
 Bullions and Morris; Trigonometry, by Bellows; Geo- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 93 
 
 graphy of the Heavens, and Celestial Atlas, by Burritt ; 
 New Introductory Geography, and Common School 
 Geography, by Colton ; Analysis, by Cruikshank ; 
 Vocabulary of Sciences, by Krauth ; Mental Philoso- 
 phy, Moral Philosophy, and History of Ancient and 
 Modern Philosophy, by Haven ; Rhetoric, by Hill ; 
 New Physiology, by Hooker ; Xenophon's Anabasis, 
 by Kendrick ; Oral French Course, by Keetel ; Ana- 
 tomy, and Physiology, and Geology, by Looms : Pri- 
 mary History, Outline History, and Common School 
 History, by Lossing ; Surveying, by Murray ; Primary 
 Arithmetic, Elements of Arithmetic, Science of Arith- 
 metic, Teachers' Handbook, Introduction fo Algebra, 
 Complete Algebra, University Algebra, Test Examples, 
 Geometry, Elements of Geometry, Elements of Tri- 
 gonometry, Geometry and Calculus, and University 
 Geometry, by Olney ; Common School Speller ; Spel- 
 ler and Analyser, and Exercise Book, by Patterson ; 
 "Centennial" Spelling Blanks, Nos 1, 2, and 3; 
 Elements of Geometry, by Phillips ; History of Eng- 
 lish Literature, History of American Literature, Spe- 
 cimens of English Literature, and Specimens of Ame- 
 rican Literature, by Shaw ; Primary Arithmetic, 
 Juvenile Mental Arithmetic, Intellectual Arithmetic, 
 Rudiments of Arithmetic, Practical Arithmetic, and 
 Complete Arithmetic, by Stoddard ; Intellectual Phi- 
 losophy, Moral Philosophy, Moral Science Abridged, 
 and Political Economy, by Wayland ; English into 
 French, by Williams. 
 
 SHERWOOD (George) and CO. Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion : Series of Model Readers, by Webb, comprising 
 First Reader, Second Reader, Third Reader, Fourth 
 Reader, Fifth Reader; Students' Reader, by Edwards; 
 Graded Examples in Arithmetic, with Key, by Bel- 
 field ; Series of Model Arithmetics, by Kirk and Bel- 
 field, comprising Model Elementary Arithmetic, and 
 Model Arithmetic ; Series of Model Condensed Arith- 
 
94 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 metics, by Kirk and Belfield, comprising First, Se- 
 cond, and Third Books in Arithmetic, Oral Course, 
 and Answers ; Grammar, by Boltwood ; Drill Book in 
 English Grammar, by Wright ; Tabulated Forms for 
 Parsing, by Wright ; Botany, by Sewall ; Fixed Stars, 
 by Colbert ; Book-keeping, by Drew ; Writing Spellers 
 and Spelling Blanks, by Sherwood ; Series of Copy 
 Books, by Babbitt ; Chart of Penmanship and Draw- 
 ing, by Babbitt; Reading Charts, by Russell and 
 Webb. 
 
 SMITH (Walter) Boston, Mass. 
 
 Lectures, Reports, Text Books, and Apparatus, com- 
 posed, edited, or designed by Walter Smith, and pub- 
 lished by Prang and Co. Boston, Mass. 
 
 Lecture on "The Importance of a Knowledge of 
 Drawing to Working Men," 1 85o ; Report made to 
 the English Science and Art Department on Works 
 of Pupils in French Schools of Design, 1 864 ; Prize 
 Report on Art Education in the Paris Exposition, 
 1 867 ; Handbook of the Leeds Fine Art Exhibition, 
 contributed in articles to the "Leeds Mercury," l858; 
 Art Education, Scholastic and Industrial, 1872 ; Lec- 
 ture on Drawing in graded Public Schools, 1873; 
 Lecture on Drawing in City of Boston Public Schools, 
 1874; Three Lectures on Industrial Drawing in Bos- 
 ton, 1875; Speech at Harrisburg on Industrial Art 
 Education, 1877 ; Examples for First Practice in 
 Freehand Outline Drawing, England, 1861 ; School 
 of Art Model and Object Drawing Book, England, 
 1 865 ; The Drawing Book of Standard Reproductions 
 and Original Designs for Public Schools, Drawing 
 Classes and Schools of Art in America, Boston, 1 872 ; 
 American Drawing Cards, for Primary Schools, Bos- 
 ton, 1872 ; American Text Books of Art Education, 
 Intermediate Course, Freehand and Design, Boston, 
 1873; Model and Object Drawing,Boston, 1874; Ame- 
 rican Text Books of Art Education : Grammar School 
 Course. Freehand Outline Drawing of Geometric 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 95 
 
 Shapes, Historical Ornament, Natural and Conven- 
 tional Foliage, and Exercises in Orig-inal Design, 
 Elementary, Boston, 1873; American Text Books of 
 Art Education ; Grammar School Course. Plane 
 Geometrical Drawing, by use of Instruments, Boston, 
 1874; American Text Books of Art Education: 
 Grammar School Course. Linear Perspective Draw- 
 ing, by use of Instruments, Boston, 1875; American 
 Text Books of Art Education ; Grammar School 
 Course (Model and Object Drawing from the flat and 
 from the round by the freehand), Boston, 1875. 
 
 Teachers' Manuals : — Teachers' Manual for Draw- 
 ing on Slates (Ornamental and Object Drawing from 
 flat copies), Boston, 1872 ; Teachers' Manual for Use 
 of the Card Copies (16 and 17) in Primary Schools, 
 Boston, 1 873 ; Teachers' Manual for the Intermediate 
 Series of Drawing Books (18, 19, 20), Boston, 1874; 
 Teachers' Manual for the Freehand Series of the 
 Grammar School Course (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), 
 Boston, 1873. ' 
 
 Apparatus invented by Walter Smith : — Slate, with 
 copies for freehand outline drawing on cover, of orna- 
 ment, Boston, 1872 ; Slate, with copies of objects in 
 outline on cover, to be drawn on the slate, Boston, 
 
 1872 ; School Squares, in paper and ebonite, for use 
 in mechanical or instrumental drawing, reducing the 
 cost of drawing instruments by five-sixths, patented, 
 Boston, 1874 ; Box of Geometric and other Solids for 
 teaching object drawing, perspective, projection, iso- 
 metric and orthographic, and sciography, Boston, 
 
 1873 ; Box of Geometric Solids, illustrating intersec- 
 tion of solids, conic sections, etc., for use in teaching 
 projection, parallel and radial, from problems in thg 
 series of Mechanical Text Books, Boston, 1876. 
 
 Advanced Courses of Study, on a Scheme designed 
 and arranged by Walter Smith : — Studies in Water 
 Colour Drawing of Flowers, with and without Back- 
 grounds, from ten drawings by Charles Ryan, 
 Boston, 1873 ; Studies of Plant Form and Botanical 
 
96 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Analysis, from ten drawings by Grace Carter, 
 Boston, 1874; Parallel of Historical Ornament, from 
 ten drawings by Carl F. Heinzen, Boston, 1875; 
 Building Construction, from forty-eight drawings 
 by W. R.Ware, Boston, 1876; Outline Drawings, 
 from four drawings by P. Roos, Boston, 1876 ; Exer- 
 cises in Shading with Stump, from eighteen draw- 
 ings by Susan N. Carter, Boston, 1876; Exercises in 
 Shading with the Crayon Point, from seven draw- 
 ings by M. E. Carter, Boston, 1877; Landscape 
 Painting in Monochrome, from five drawings by 
 Henry Hitchings, Boston, 1877. 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA STATE DEPARTMENT OF 
 Public Instruction. Hugh S. Thompson, Superinten- 
 dent, Columbia, S. C. 
 
 Reports of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS NORMAL UNIVERSITY, 
 Carbondale, III. Robert Allyn, Principal. 
 
 Scholars' Work : Fourteen Volumes of written work, 
 by Scholars: Drawing, 1 vol ; Essays, 1 vol ; Examina- 
 tion Papers, as follows: Drawing, l vol; Arithmetic, 
 I vol ; Grammar and Book-keeping, 1 vol j Chemis- 
 try and Natural Philosophy, 1 vol ; Logic, Ethics, 
 and Literature, 1 vol ; Latin and Greek, 1 vol ; 
 Mathematics, 1 vol ; Geography, History, and Phy- 
 siology, 1 vol ; Writing Books, 4 vols. 
 
 Views and Plans: Five plans of grounds and 
 buildings ; two photographs of buildings. 
 
 SOWER, POTTS, AND Co. Philadelphia. 
 
 Text Books and Maps : Elementary Algebra, Ele- 
 mentary Geometry, Higher Arithmetic, and Philosophy 
 of Arithmetic, by Brooks ; Common School Literature, 
 and How to Write Letters, by Westlake ; Grammars, 
 by Fewsmith ; Normal Spellers, by Raub ; Outline 
 Maps, by Pelton. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 97 
 
 STEIGER (E.) New York City. 
 
 Books and Apparatus for Educational purposes : 
 Cyclopaedia of Education, by Kiddle and Schem ; 
 1 vol. large royal 8vo, 7 copies, in as many styles of 
 binding; The Year Book of Education for 1878, by 
 Kiddle and Schem, 9 copies, in different styles of 
 binding; 12-inch terrestrial globe; tellurian globe, 
 with 9-in. globe ; lunar tellurian, with 6-in. globe ; 
 Rhymes and Tales, by Kriege ; The Kindergar- 
 ten, by Douai ; Kindergarten Culture, by Hail- 
 man ; Froebel and the Kindergarten, by Payne ; 
 Child Culture, by Carr ; The Kindergarten, by 
 Hughes ; the Kindergarten, and the Mission of 
 Women, by Kraus-Boeltc ; Kindergarten Toys, by 
 Hoffman; DieNeue Erziehung,byKohler; Froebel, by 
 Kriege ; Memory Gems, by Northend ; Kindergarten 
 Tracts ; Pestalozzi, by Payne ; Der Kindergarten in 
 Amerika ; Claim of Froebel's System, by Shirreff ; 
 Die Einordnung des Kindergartens, by Goldammer : 
 Das System des Kindergartens, by Hanschman ; 
 Guide to the Kindergarten, by Peabody ; Science and 
 Art of Education, by Payne ; Kindergarten Guide, by 
 Kraus-Boelte and Kraus ; French and German Courses, 
 21 volumes, by Ahn. 
 
 ST LOUIS, Missouri. William T. Harris, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Set of School Reports from 1860-61 to 1876-77, 
 bound in 1 3 vols ; Representation of the City System 
 of Kindergartens, by a variety of Scholars' Work and 
 by appliances for teaching ; a Portfolio of blanks and 
 forms, illustrating the administration of the system 
 of schools. 
 
 SWINTON (William) Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Outlines of History, Condensed History, and Pri- 
 mary History ; Word Analysis, Word Book, and 
 Word Primer ; Elementary Geography and Complete 
 Geography ; — published by Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, 
 and Co. 
 
gS EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Language Primer, Language Lessons, and Com- 
 position and English Grammar; — published by Har- 
 per and Brothers. 
 
 TAINTOR BROTHERS, MERRILL and CO. New 
 York. 
 
 Text Books and Appliances for Elementary Instruc- 
 tion : Analytical Series of Reading Books, 7 vols ; 
 Franklin Series of Reading Books, 7 vols ; Primary 
 Reading Charts, 4 cards ; Series of Spelling Books, 
 comprising Analytical Speller, Class Word Speller, 
 and Critical Speller ; System of Penmanship, by 
 Ellsworth, levels; Series of Arithmetic, by MacVicar, 
 2 vols ; History of the United States, by Seavey ; 
 Concise History of the United States, by Campbell ; 
 Manual of Book-keeping and Steps in Book-keeping, 
 by Ellsworth ; System of School Records, by Bart- 
 lett ; Singing Books, 2 vols ; Book of Psalms, for 
 reading in schools; Arithmetical Example Frame, 
 Charts and Keys, by MacVicar. 
 
 TERRE HAUTE, Indiana. 
 
 Scholars' Work, 1st and 7th years. 
 
 TEXAS STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. 
 
 Reports of the Superintendent, 1871, 1873, 1874, 
 and 1875. 
 
 THOMPSON, BROWN and CO. Boston. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion. Series of Arithmetics with Keys, by Eaton, com- 
 prising Primary Arithmetic, Elements of Arithmetic, 
 Common School Arithmetic, Intellectual Arithmetic, 
 Grammar School Arithmetic, High School Arithmetic 
 and Metric System ; Series of Mathematical Text 
 Books, with Keys, by Bradbury, comprising Ele- 
 mentary Algebra, Elementary Geometry, Elementary 
 Trigonometry and Surveying, and Logarithms of 
 Numbers ; Elements of German Grammar, and Text 
 Book in German, by Krauss ; Cushing's Manual ; 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 99 
 
 Constitution of the United States ; General History, 
 by Worcester ; Boston Primary School Tablets, by 
 Philbrick ; Meservey's Book-keeping; Questions in 
 Geography. 
 
 TOPEKA, Kansas. Butterfield, Superintendent, 
 
 Complete Set of Superintendents' Reports, 1863- 
 1877; Scholars' Work, 2 large vols; Views of 
 School-houses. 
 
 TROUVELOT (Leopold) Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Astronomical Drawings, twenty-four in number, 
 from observations by the Author, with the 26- 
 inch refractor at Washington, and with his own at 
 Cambridge. These exact facsimiles of astronomical 
 objects, most interesting and instructive to Students, 
 produced by application for eight years, have been 
 multiplied by lithography for the general benefit. 
 Dimensions 34 by 28 inches. Five exhibits, viz. 
 Total Eclipse of the Sun ; Large Group of Sun- 
 spots ; Sun-spots and veiled Spots ; Solar Protu- 
 berances ; Saturn. 
 
 Planisheres in two parts (north and south hemi- 
 spheres), mounted on board. 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY, Annapolis, 
 Md. Rear-Admiral C. R. P. Rodgers, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 The U. S. Naval Academy was founded in 1845, by Hon. 
 George Bancroft, Secretary of the Navy, in the administra- 
 tion of President James K. Polk. The Institution is under 
 the care and supervision of the Navy Department. Its ob- 
 ject is to educate officers for the Naval Service of the United 
 States. The course of instruction comprises six years. 
 There is also an additional course of four years for cadet 
 engineers. The corps of instruction is divided into separate 
 departments, each having its executive head. 
 
 Publications, Catalogues, and Views : Historical 
 Sketch of the U.S. Naval Academy, by Soley, 1 vol. 8vo ; 
 Regulations of 1876; Registers, 1874-78, with Ex- 
 amination Papers; Views of the following: Chemical 
 
lOO EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Laboratory, Library, Cadets' New Quarters, Model 
 Room of the Department of Seamanship, Physical 
 Laboratory, Department of Steam Engineering, 
 Cadets' Mess Hall, Howitzer Battalion, Gunnery and 
 Practice Ships, Observatory, Drawing Room, Cadets' 
 Old Quarters, Chapel, Superintendent's House, Lec- 
 ture Room of the Physical Laboratory, Department 
 of Gunnery, Department of Seamanship and Recita- 
 tion Hall, and General View. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 This is not an institution for instruction, but an organiza- 
 tion composed of a Board of Regents, which exercises super- 
 vision in certain respects over the institutions for secondary 
 and superior instruction. 
 
 Regents' Reports, 16 vols, 1860-1876. 
 University Convocations, Reports of Sessions, 1 1 
 vols, 1863-1874. 
 
 UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING CO. New York. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Higher Instruc- 
 tion: Series ofGeographies by Maury : First Lessons in 
 Geography, World we Live in. Manual of Geography, 
 Physical Geography ; Series of Reading Books, by 
 Holmes : First Reader, Second Reader, Third Reader, 
 Fourth Reader ; Intermediate Arithmetic, by Ven- 
 able ; Practical Arithmetic, by Venable ; Geometry, 
 by Venable ; Series of Latin Books, by Gildersleeve : 
 Latin Primer, Grammar, Reader, Exercise Book ; 
 Series of Books in English Literature, by Johnston 
 and Browne, 1 6 vols ; Wall Map of South America. 
 
 VAN ANTWERP, BRAGG and CO. Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 (successors to Wilson, Henkle and Co.) 
 
 A large and varied list of Text Books for Ele- 
 mentary and Higher Instruction, including the Series 
 by White, Ray, McGufTy, and other approved Works. 
 
 VAN NOSTRAND (D.) New York. 
 
 Text Books and Treatises for Superior Instruction : 
 Mechanics, by Weisbach; Blow Pipe Analysis, by 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST loi 
 
 Planner ; Mechanical Theory of Heat, by McCuiloch ; 
 Qualitative Chemical Analysis, by Douglas and Pres- 
 cott ; System of Instruction in Blowpipe Analysis, by 
 Plympton ; Legal Chemistry, by Naquet ; Proximate 
 Organic Analysis, by Prescott ; Manual of Qualitative 
 Chemical Analysis, by Eliot and Storer ; Guide to 
 Quantitative Chemical Analysis, by Rammelsberg ; 
 Introduction to Chemical Physics, by Pynchon ; 
 Marine Surveying, United States Naval Academy; 
 Navigation and Nautical Astronomy, by Coffin ; Trea- 
 tise on the Slide Valve, by McCord ; Method of Cal- 
 culating Strains, by Merrill ; Military Engineering, by 
 Emet ; Strains in Bridges and Trusses, by Shreve ; 
 Treatise on the Plane, and its Use in Topographical 
 Surveying ; Geometrical Drawing and Abridgment, 
 by Minifie ; Guide to the Determination of Rocks ; 
 Telegraphs, by Pope ; Seamanship, by Luce ; Young 
 Seaman's Manual, for U.S. Training Ships ; Ordnance 
 and Gunnery, by Benton. 
 
 VASSAR COLLEGE, Ploughkeepsie, N. Y. John H. 
 Raymond, President. 
 
 Vassar College was established through gifts of Matthew 
 Vassar, amounting to nearly ?8oo,ooo. It was opened for 
 the reception of pupils in 1865. It is a college for women of 
 a grade as high as that of colleges for men. Its buildings 
 are excellent, and it is furnished with the most approved ap- 
 pliances for the successful prosecution of scientific as well as 
 classical studies. Its faculty numbers about thirty professors, 
 the majority of whom are women. The course of study is 
 four years. Applicants must be at least sixteen years old. 
 There is a preparatory school connected with the institution. 
 
 Twelve Framed Photographs of College Buildings ; 
 Large Water-colour Picture of Main Building ; A 
 Pamphlet Descriptive of the Institution, entitled 
 " what are they doing at Vassar ? " One quarto 
 volume, entitled " Vassar College : its Foundation, 
 Aims, Resources, and Course of Study ; " Framed 
 Map of College Grounds, 20 X 36 inches ; Catalogues, 
 1876-1877; Scholars' Work; Photographic Negative 
 of Sun Spots, Photographs of Saturn. 
 
I02 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 VERMONT STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. Edward Conant, Superintendent, Ran- 
 dolph, Vt. 
 
 Reports of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 VINELAND, New Jersey. R. H. Holbrook, Superin- 
 tendent. 
 
 Scholars' Work from all grades of the public schools, 
 illustrating the superintendent's system of examining 
 pupils. The papers show only the regular work of 
 the pupils, no selections having been made ; thirty- 
 two Manuscript Brochures ; An herbarium made by a 
 pupil in the regular course of instruction. Interior 
 School Views with Stereoscope. 
 
 VIRGINIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC In- 
 struction. W. H. Ruffner, Superintendent, Rich- 
 mond, Va. 
 
 Annual Reports of the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction. 
 
 WARE (William) and CO. Boston. 
 
 Text Books for Elementary and Secondary Instruc- 
 tion : Series of Franklin Reading Books, by Hillard : 
 Primer or First Reader, Second Reader (these two 
 volumes also in Leigh's Pronouncing Orthography), 
 Third Reader, Fourth Reader, Intermediate Reader, 
 Fifth Reader, Sixth Reader ; Twelve Reading Charts, 
 by Leigh ; Four Phonic Reading Charts : History of 
 the United States, by Goodrich ; Concise History of 
 the United States, by Campbell ; Manual of United 
 States History, by Eliot ; Outlines of Universal History, 
 by Weber ; History of Greece, by Smith ; Outlines of 
 English History ; Parley's First Book of History, 
 Second Book of History, Third Book of History, by 
 Goodrich ; Intellectual Philosophy, by Winslow ; 
 Watts, on the Mind; Metaphysics and Ethical Science, 
 by Bowen; Pronouncing Spelling Book, Primary 
 Spelling Book, New Primary Spelling Book, by Wor- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 103 
 
 cester ; Spelling- Book for Advanced Classes, by 
 Adams ; Four Arithmetical Charts ; Arithmetical 
 Problems, by Farrar ; Key to Arithmetical Problems, 
 by Farrar ; Series of Arithmetics, by Walton : Pri- 
 mary Arithmetic, Intellectual Arithmetic, Illustrative 
 Practical Arithmetic, Key to Illustrative Practical 
 Arithmetic, Manual and Key, Written Arithmetic, Key 
 to Written Arithmetic, Metric System, Arithmetical 
 Tables, Key to Arithmetical Table Part I, Key to 
 Arithmetical Table Part II, Sliding Slate to Accom- 
 pany Table ; Book of Problems in Arithmetic, by Wal- 
 ton and Cogswell ; the same with Key ; First Lessons 
 in Geometry, by Hill ; Second Lessons in Geometry, by 
 Hill ; Manual of Agriculture ; Classical Hand Book, 
 by Allen. 
 
 WARREN (S. Edward) Newton, Mass. 
 
 Text Books for Instruction in Descriptive Geometry 
 and Stereotomy. 
 
 Elementary Works; — Elementary Free-hand Geo- 
 metrical Drawing ; Plane Problems of Elementary 
 Geometry ; Drafting Instruments and Operations ; 
 Elementary Projection Drawing ; Elementary Per- 
 spective. Higher Works: — Descriptive Geometry; 
 General Problems of Shades and Shadows ; Higher 
 Linear Perspective ; Elements of Machine Construc- 
 tion and Drawing ; Stone Cuttinfi^ ; Descriptive 
 Geometry, Shadows, Perspective, etc. Published by 
 John Wiley and Sons, New York. 
 
 Students' Work, &c. 
 
 One Album of 136 Sheets (12 X 18) of Students' 
 Drawings in Geometry and Stereotomy ; One Drawing 
 of a Bridge in Passe-Partout Frame ; One Volume of 
 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Catalogues ; De- 
 scriptive and Educational Circulars. 
 
 WASHINGTON, District of Columbia. J. Ormond 
 Wilson, Superintendent. 
 
 Reports of the Superintendent, 1870-1877, 7 
 vols ; Model of the Henry School Building, size 
 
I04 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 42 X 42 X 30 inches ; Description and Plans of 
 the Henry School Building ; Twenty-two Plans and 
 Photographs of Public School Buildings, 20 X 24 
 inches ; Description, Designs, and Plans for a new 
 School Building ; Map of Washington, showing the 
 location of the Public Schools ; Educational Chart of 
 the District of Columbia ; Six Portfolios of Blank 
 Forms used in the Public Schools ; Four Record 
 Books ; Penholder Box for a Class of Forty-eight 
 Pupils; Danner's Revolving Bookcase. 
 
 Text Books used in the Public Schools, as follows : 
 Series of Arithmetics, by Davies ; Primary, Intel- 
 lectual, Practical, University; Elementary Algebra, 
 by Davis ; Book-keeping, by Bryant, Stratton, and 
 Packard, six books ; Lessons in Language, by Had- 
 ley ; Teachers' Manual, by Orcutt ; Early and In- 
 fant School Education, by Currie ; Drawing Books and 
 Cards, by Smith, 2 vols ; New History of English and 
 American Literature, by Shaw ; Masterpieces in Eng- 
 lish Literature, by Sprague ; Elementary and Com- 
 plete Course of Geography, by Swinton ; Physical 
 Geography, by Guyot ; Geographical Drawing Book, 
 by Apgar ; Elementary Geometry, by Bradbury ; 
 Oral Course in Grammar, Common School Grammar, 
 Comprehensive Grammar, by Kerl : Pronouncing 
 Hand Book, by Soule and Campbell ; Concise School 
 History of the United States, by Campbell ; Outlines 
 of the World's History, by Swinton ; Elements of In- 
 tellectual Science, by Porter; Primary Music Reader, 
 Intermediate Music Reader, Fourth Music Reader, 
 by Mason ; Child's Book of Nature, Parts I, II, III, 
 by Hooker ; First Lessons in Physiology, by Hotze ; 
 First Lessons in Physics, by Hotze ; Ganot's Natural 
 Philosophy, by Peck ; How Plants Grow, by Gray ; 
 New Lessons and Manual of Botany, by Gray ; 
 Spencerian Copy Books ; Theory of Spencerian Pen- 
 manship ; Series of Franklin Reading Bocks, by Hil- 
 lard ; Primer or First Reader, Second Reader (these 
 two volumes also in Leigh's Pronouncing Orthogra- 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 105 
 
 phy), Third Reader, Fourth Reader, Fifth Reader, 
 Sixth Reader and Speaker ; Primary Spelling Book, 
 Comprehensive Spelling Book, by Worcester ; Spell- 
 ing Exercise Book ; Word Analysis, by Swinton. 
 
 Reference Books used in the Public Schools : — • 
 Chart of Colours, by Wilson ; National Music Charts, 
 First, Second, Third Series, by Mason ; Spencerian 
 Charts of Writing ; Sound Charts, by Leigh ; New 
 Universal Cyclopaedia, Vols. I, II, III, IV, by John- 
 son ; Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art, 
 by Brande ; Series of Dictionaries, by Worcester ; 
 Primary School Dictionary, Academic Dictionary, 
 Comprehensive Dictionary, Octavo Dictionary, Quarto 
 Dictionary; Teachers' Manuals for Freehand Draw- 
 ing in Primary and in Intermediate Schools, by Smith ; 
 Teachers' Manual of Freehand Drawing and Design- 
 ing ; Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer of the 
 World, 2 vols ; Manual of Gymnastic Exercises, by 
 Mason ; Vocal and Physical Training, by Monroe ; 
 Dictionary of Mathematics, by Davies and Peck ; 
 Grammar of Arithmetic, by Davies ; National Music 
 Teacher, by Mason ; Lessons on Objects, by Shel- 
 don ; Object Lessons for Teachers and Parents, by 
 Calkins ; Pedagogics as a System, by Rosenkranz ; 
 How to Teach, by Kiddle, Harrison, and Calkins ; 
 Spencerian Key to Practical Penmanship. 
 
 Scholars' Work: — Drawing, Third, Fourth, Fifth, 
 Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth School Years, 
 and Boys' Special Classes, 9 vols, 7 1 2 Specimens ; 
 Public Coloured Schools of Washington and 
 Georgetown, 1 vol, 134 Specimens ; Map Draw- 
 ing ; Memory Exercises, 1 vol, 80 Specimens ; 
 Map Drawing and Language Lessons ; Third 
 and Fourth School Years, 2 vols, 565 Speci- 
 mens ; Manuscripts of Examination, Fifth, Sixth, 
 Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth School Years, 5 vols, 
 503 Specimens ; Miscellaneous, Second School 
 Year, 1 vol, 313 Specimens; Normal School Work, 
 Miscellaneous, 1 vol, 230 Specimens ; Penmanship : 
 
io6 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, 
 and Ninth School Years, in Copies of the Poems : 
 Chevy Chase, The Hermit, Maud Muller, Boston 
 Hymn, The Pleasure Boat, Garibaldi in Piedmont, 
 For Annie, The Fountain, The Last Leaf, Drifting, 
 The American Flag, Joseph Rodman Drake, The 
 Village Blacksmith, To a Waterfowl, 10 vols, 1,175 
 Specimens ; Spelling Exercise Books, 2 vols, 483 
 Specimens; Slate Work: — First School Year, 24 
 slates. 
 
 Teachers' Work : Autographs, 2 vols ; Drawing, 1 vol. 
 
 WASHINGTON and JEFFERSON COLLEGE, Wash- 
 ington, Penn. George Hayes, President. 
 
 Portfolio of Eight Photographs of College Build- 
 ings ; Bound Volume of Examination Papers on the 
 Constitution of the United States, by the Senior Class. 
 
 WATERVILLE, Kansas. D. E. Saunders, Superinten- 
 dent. 
 
 Scholars' Work. 
 
 WELLESLEY COLLEGE, Wellesley, Mass. Ada L. 
 Howard, President. 
 
 Wellesley College was established in 1875. The grounds 
 are 300 acres in extent, and the buildings are of the most 
 approved modern pattern, nearly8i,ooo,ooo having been ex- 
 pended in their construction and furnishing. The design of 
 the institution, as set forth in the catalogue, is " to provide 
 for the radical change in the education of women which is 
 made necessary by the great national demand for their higher 
 education. . . . The leading object in Wellesley College is 
 to educate learned and useful teachers It is not in- 
 tended to be like an ordinary finishing school for girls. It 
 is a college, arranged for collegiate methods of instruction, 
 and for courses of very difficult study, such as are pursued in 
 none but the best colleges. "It has a full faculty. Its courses 
 of study are substantially the same as in the highest institu- 
 tions for the education of men, and its charter confers upon 
 it authority " to grant such honours, degrees, and diplomas 
 as are granted or conferred by any university, college, or 
 seminar}' of learning in this Commonwealth." There are 
 seven courses of study from which students may select. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 107 
 
 There is also a preparatory course for those who are not fitted 
 for the college course. The institution has accommodations 
 for about 300 students, which are fully occupied. All the 
 regular students board in the College, and aid in some of the 
 lighter domestic work of the family. 
 
 Large Water-colour View of the College and 
 Grounds. Numerous photographs of interiors of the 
 establishment, and photographic views of the build- 
 ings and their surroundings. Descriptive pamphlet. 
 
 WEST VIRGINIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUB- 
 LIC Insthuction. W. K. Pendleton, Superinten- 
 dent. 
 Biennial Report of the Superintendent, 1875-76. 
 
 WHEELER AND WILSON MANUFACTURING CO. 
 New York and Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Papers Relating to the Promotion of Instruction in 
 Needlework. 
 
 WICKERSHAM (J. P.) Lancaster, Penn. 
 
 Pennsylvania School Journal, 1852, 1875, 12 vols; 
 School Economy, 1 vol ; Methods of Instruction, 1 vol. 
 
 WILEY (Jo.hn) and SONS, New York. 
 
 Text Books for Scientific and Technical Uses : 
 A Manual of Topographical Drawing, by Smith ; 
 Qualitative Chemical Analysis, by Craft ; Heat and 
 Heat Engines, by Trowbridge ; Fortifications and 
 Stone Cutting, by Mahan ; Field Fortifications, by 
 Mahan ; Permanent Fortifications, by Mahan ; 
 Mahan's Civil Engineering, revised by Wood ; 
 Mahan's Industrial Drawing, revised by Thompson ; 
 Graphical Statics, 1 vol. text and 1 vol. plates, by 
 Du Bois ; Weyrauch's Structures of Iron and Steel, 
 trans, by Du Bois ; Weisbach's Mechanics of En- 
 gineering, trans, by Du Bois ; Transverse Strains, 
 by Hatfield ; the American House Carpenter, by 
 Hatfield ; the Resistance of Materials, by Wood ; 
 the Construction of Bridges and Roofs, by Wood ; 
 Elementary Mechanics, by Wood ; The Elements of 
 
io8 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Analytical Mechanics, by Wood ; Civil Engineering, 
 by Wheeler ; Text Book of Mineralogy, by Dana ; 
 A System of Mineralogy, by Dana; Determinative 
 Mineralogy, by Brush ; A System of Instruction 
 in Quantitative Chemical Analysis, by Fresenius ; 
 Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, by Fre- 
 senius ; Handbook of Volumetric Analysis, by Hart ; 
 Ship Building, by Wilson ; Iron Highway Bridges, 
 by Boiler ; Graphical Analysis of Roof Trusses, 
 by Greene ; Plan Problems in Elementary Geo- 
 metry, by Warren ; Freehand Drawing, by War- 
 ren ; Elementary Projection Drawing, by Warren; 
 Elementary Linear Perspective, by Warren ; Manual 
 of Drafting Instruments and Operations, by Warren ; 
 Astronomy, by Norton ; Luzzato's Biblical Chaldaic 
 Grammar, trans, by Goldammer ; Elementary He- 
 brew Grammar, by Greene ; Hebrew Grammar, by 
 Greene. 
 
 WILLISTON SEMINARY, Easthampton, Mass. J. M. 
 Whiton, Principal. 
 
 Williston Seminary, an endowed academy for boys, was 
 founded in 1841. 
 
 " The special work of the Seminary is to prepare boys and 
 young men for college, and for the higher schools of science. 
 This work is distributed between a cla.ssical and a scientific 
 department, existing on a parity with each other." 
 
 The course of study is four years in the classical depart- 
 ment, and three years in the scientific. There are partial 
 courses of study for those who cannot pursue the full course. 
 
 Catalogues and Examination Papers, 1 vol ; Scho- 
 lars' Work, Five Sheets of Drawing ; Ten Views, 
 Exterior and Interior, of the Buildings. 
 
 WINCHELL (S. R.) Chicago, Illinois. 
 
 National Educational Weekly, 1877, 1 vol. 
 
 WISCONSIN STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 Oshkosh Normal School, Geo. S. Albee, Principal ; 
 Platteville Normal School, Edwin A. Charlton, Prin- 
 cipal ; River Falls Normal School, Warren D. Parker, 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST 109 
 
 Principal ; Whitewater Normal School, William F. 
 Phelps, Principal. For contributions, see Wisconsin 
 State Department of Public Instruction. 
 
 WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF, Madison, Wis. John 
 Bascom, President. 
 
 The University of Wisconsin was founded upon a grant of 
 seventy-two sections of land, made by Congress to the Terri- 
 tory of Wisconsin, according to the Act of June 12, 1838, 
 " concerning a seminary of learning in the Territory of Wis- 
 consin." In accordance with this Act, 46,080 acres of land 
 were granted to the territory. The territorial legislature, at 
 its session of 1838, passed a law incorporating the new 
 "University of Wisconsin." 
 
 The University was formally opened January 16, 1850. 
 It comprises the following departments : — I, The College 
 proper, embracing courses in general science, in ancient 
 classics, and in modern classics ; II, The professional 
 departments, comprising the schools of (i) law, (2) agricul- 
 ture, (3) civil engineering, (4) mining and metallurgy, {5) 
 mechanical engineering, (6) and military science ; III, The 
 sub-freshman and post-graduate departments. 
 
 Reports, Essays, and Scholars' Work. 
 
 Regents' Reports, 1 850- 187 5, 2 vols; Essays by 
 the Faculty; Catalogues, 1850- 1868; Catalogues, 
 Reports, and History, 1 vol ; Scholars' Work : Studies 
 in Natural History, 1 vol ; Drawings in Engineering ; 
 Plans and Photographs ; Topographical Map of the 
 Grounds. 
 
 WISCONSIN STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC 
 Instruction. W. C. Whitford, Superintendent. 
 
 Legislative Manual, 1878, 1 vol; Governor's Mes- 
 sage and Accompanying Reports, 1877-1878, 1 vol; 
 
 . School Laws for 1877, 1 vol; Annual School Re- 
 ports, 1849-1877, 19 vols; Annual School Report, 
 1877, 20 copies for free distribution ; Journal of Edu- 
 cation, 1856-1877, 17 vols; Normal School Cata- 
 logues, 1868-1877, 1 vol; Annual School Catalogues, 
 1875-1877,1 vol; Normal School Proceedings and 
 Instructions, 1 vol ; History of Normal Schools in 
 Wisconsin, 1 vol ; History of Education in Wisconsin, 
 
no EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 2 vols ; Second Volume of Geological Report of 
 Wisconsin ; One Portfolio of Geological Maps of 
 Wisconsin ; Handbook for Teachers, by Phelps ; Cata- 
 logues of Oshkosh Xormal School, i vol ; Catalogues 
 of Platteville Normal School, l vol ; Catalogues of 
 State Historical Society, l vol ; Catalogues and 
 Reports of Various Institutions ; Educational Map 
 used at the Centennial, and a small Map of Supple- 
 mentary Statistics for 1878 ; County Register and 
 Report of Institutes, I vol ; Forms and Blanks used 
 in Office of Superintendent, 1 vol ; Normal School 
 System in Wisconsin, 1 vol ; History of Colleges in 
 Wisconsin, 1 vol. 
 
 Scholars' Work: Examination Papers from Oshkosh 
 Normal School, George S. Albee, Principal : Reading, 
 Grammar, Geometry, Geography, Arithmetic, Mental 
 Science, 1 vol. each; Examination Papers from Platte- 
 ville Normal School, Edwin A. Charlton, Principal : 
 Geography, United States Constitution, Arithmetic 
 and Astronomy, Political Economy, 1 vol. each, and 
 1 vol, upon Natural Philosophy, English Literature 
 and History of Education ; Examinat'on Papers from 
 Whitewater Normal Schools, Wm. H. Phelps, Prin- 
 cipal ; Three Classes, 3 vols, Junior and Senior 
 Classes, 1 vol ; Geographical and Historical Maps, 
 1 vol ; Free-hand Drawing, 1 vol ; Examination 
 Papers from River Falls Normal School, Warren D. 
 Parker, Principal, 2 vols. 
 
 WOOD (William) and CO. New York. 
 
 Series of Grammars by Goold, Brown : First Lines 
 of English Grammar, Institutes of English Grammar, 
 Grammar of English Grammars. 
 
 WOODS (George) and CO. Boston. 
 
 One Organ and Desk combined for Primary School. 
 
 WOODWARD SEMINARY, Morristown, N. J. 
 Examination Papers. 
 
ALPHABETICAL LIST in 
 
 WORCESTER FREE INSTITUTE, Worcester, Mass. 
 C. O. Thompson, Principal. 
 
 Catalogues ; Model Drawing Stand ; " Worcester 
 Illustrated ;" " Theses and Miscellaneous Documents 
 relating to History, Methods of Instruction, &c. of 
 the Institution," 3 vols ; Heliotype Views of the 
 Buildings ; Set of Drawing Models. 
 
 WRIGHT (Carroli, D.) Boston. 
 
 Census and Compendium of the State of Massa- 
 chusetts, 4 vols. 
 
 ZELL (T. Elwood) DAVIS and CO. Philadelphia. 
 General Encyclopaedia suitable for Reference in 
 Schools, 2 vols. 
 
 ZEUTMAYER, Charles, Philadelphia. 
 831 Microscopical Preparations. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
APPENDIX 
 I 
 
 CIRCULAR ISSUED IN PREPARING 
 THE EXHIBITION 
 
 PARIS UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1878 
 
 American Educational Exhibit 
 
 ■HE Commissioner-General, Hon. R. C. Mc- 
 Cormick, has had under careful considera- 
 tion the question of exhibiting American 
 education at Paris. He has called to his 
 aid in this matter such educators as have been desig- 
 nated for the purpose by the Department of Superin- 
 tendence of the National Educational Association. He 
 finds himself able to set apart only a limited amount of 
 space and means for this exhibit. Still, in view of the 
 great and increasing desire among intelligent foreigners 
 to obtain information respecting our systems and in- 
 stitutions of education, he has determined to employ all 
 the means for this purpose at his command in securing 
 the best possible exhibit in this department. He has 
 accordingly invited the United States Bureau of Educa- 
 tion to aid him vyith its facilities in obtaining and organ- 
 izing the requisite materials, and has committed the 
 supervision of the preparation, installation, and repre- 
 sentation of the exhibit to the undersigned, who has 
 been appointed by him " Superintendent of the Educa- 
 
ii6 EXHIBITION^ OF EDUCATION 
 
 tional Department of the United States Exhibition at 
 Paj-is." In his letter of instruction the Commissioner- 
 Gejieral says : — 
 
 l! desire you in the preparation of the exhibition to avail your- 
 selfi of.the facilities of the Eureau of Education,-and to act in ac- 
 cordance with the advice of the Commissioner of Education, and 
 -.uch other gentlemen as he may call into consultation. 
 
 This judicious requirement is quite in harmony with 
 the wishes of the undersigned, who accepts this service, 
 not without a sensie of the' enibarrassihg- circumstances 
 of the situation, but in the ;^ope and expectation that, 
 with the co-operation already assured and with such as 
 may be reasonably counted on, a presentation of. the 
 educational status of the country may be made which, 
 though not imposingin view of the space occupied, will 
 be fojjnd rich in the materials especially valuable in the 
 estiiriation of experts. 
 
 The scope of the exhibit is well expressed in the 
 following extract from the " System of General Classifi- 
 cationj" comprisirrg classes six, seven,, and eight of 
 group two : — 
 
 Second Group — Education and Instructiqn, Appara- 
 Tus, AND Processes of the Liberal Art 
 
 Class 6 — Education of Children, Primary Instruction^ 
 Instruction of Adults 
 
 Plans and models of day nurseries (crec/ies), orphan asylums,' 
 infant schools, and Kindergartens, sy stein of management and 
 fjimiture of such establishments. : Appliances for instruction suit- 
 able for the physical, moral, and intellectual training of the child 
 previous to its entering school. 
 
 Plans and models of scholastic establishments for town and 
 country ; management and furniture for these establishments. 
 Appliances for instruction — books, maps, apparatus, and models. 
 
 Plans and. models of scholastic establishments for adult and 
 professional instruction ; system of management and fiimiture of 
 these establishments. Appliances for adult and professional in- 
 struction. 
 
 - Appliances for the elementary teaching of music, singing, 
 foreign languages, book-keeping, political economy, practical 
 agriciUlure and horticulture, technology, and drawing. ■ 
 
APPENDIX I. 117 
 
 Appliances adapted to the instruction of the blind and of deaf- 
 mutes. 
 
 Works of pupils of both sexes. 
 Libraries and publications. 
 
 Class 7 — Organization and Appliances for Secondary 
 Instruction 
 
 Plans and models of establishments for secondary instruction, 
 lyceums, grammar schools, colleges, industrial and commercial 
 schools ; arrangement and furniture of such establishments. 
 
 Collections — classical works, maps, and globes. 
 
 Appliances for technological and scientific instruction, and for 
 teaching the fine arts, drawing, music, and singing. 
 
 Apparatus and methods for instruction in gymnastics, fencing, 
 and military exercises. 
 
 Class 8 — Organization, Methods, and Appliances for 
 Superior Instruction 
 
 Plans and models of academies, universities, medical schools, 
 practical schools, technical and practical schools, schools of agri- 
 culture, observatories, scientific museums, amphitheatres, lecture 
 rooms, laboratories for instruction and research. 
 
 Furniture and arrangement of such establishments. 
 
 Apparatus, collections, and appliances intended for higher in- 
 struction and scientific research. 
 
 Special exhibitions of learned, technical, agricultural, commer- 
 cial, and industrial societies and institutions. 
 
 Scientific expeditions. 
 
 The plan which the circumstances render it necessary 
 to adopt will only permit the selection of those articles 
 which will give, in the least possible space, the fullest 
 and most accurate information and views of our educa- 
 tion. 
 
 Unity is the controlling principle of the scheme. 
 
 It is intended to represent the education of the country 
 as a whole, sections and state lines being disregarded. 
 Nevertheless, due credit will be given for all contribu- 
 tions, whether from states, municipalities, institutions, 
 or individuals, by the mode of installation, by appropriate 
 labels, by catalogue entries, and, as far as practicable, 
 by awards. 
 
 The material requisite for the purpose intended divides 
 itself into three general classes : — 
 I 2 
 
ii8 EXHIBITION Of EDUCATION 
 
 Class I — Educational literature, using the words in 
 their broadest signification, as including reports of 
 systems, both state and municipal ; of institutions and 
 organizations, whether educational, literary, or scientific; 
 catalogues of all descriptions of schools and institutions 
 of instruction ; courses of study, text books, books of 
 reference and school libraries, journals of education and 
 pedagogical publications, and all other printed matter 
 illustrating the condition, methods, and results of Ameri- 
 can education. 
 
 This division of the exhibit will be by far the most 
 important, and fortunately, it is that for which the 
 materials can be most easily furnished. Nothing 
 enumerated in the above summary will be refused. It 
 is especially desirable to have a copy of the last annual 
 report of each state in good binding, for reference and 
 study, and as many duplicates in ordinary binding as 
 can be spared, for gratuitous distribution. The same is 
 to be said of city reports and collections of town reports 
 and other educational documents. It is hoped that the 
 publications exhibited at the Centennial will be very 
 generally contributed. 
 
 All material under this head may be sent forthwith, 
 addressed to the undersigned. Bureau of Education, 
 Washington, d. c. 
 
 Class II — Scholars' work, comprising every exercise 
 and performance that is susceptible of graphic repre- 
 sentation ; all work of the pen and pencil, and, in addi- 
 tion, mechanical constructions and productions, model- 
 lings,- and carvings, whether imitations or original 
 designs. 
 
 In this class only the very best specimens are wanted. 
 It is deemed desirable, in the first place, to secure the 
 best sets of work contributed to the Centennial by a 
 limited number of cities and towns. New work is also 
 solicited, and one month, and perhaps even a longer 
 period, may be allowed for its preparation. 
 
 It may be executed in accordance with the rules pre- 
 scribed for scholars' work for the Centennial exhibit, or 
 
APPENDIX I. iig 
 
 otherwise, but it is essential that each exhibit should be 
 just what it purports to be, and that each collection of 
 papers bound up together, or in any way arranged in a 
 set, and each separate individual paper or production, 
 should carry on its face a distinct indication of the facts 
 as to its execution necessary to judge of its merits : such 
 as the grade and kind of institution or school ; the class 
 in the institution or school ; whether a first draft or 
 copy; age and sex of pupils doing the work; whether 
 selected specimens, or work of entire class ; whether a 
 general examination, an exercise in review, or a regular 
 lesson, with the usual time for preparation ; date of per- 
 formance ; whether a copy or original design ; in draw- 
 ing, whether from the flat or round ; whether done with 
 reference to the exhibition, or taken from ordinary 
 routine work ; the state, county, city, or town. Pro- 
 ductions without indications of the essential facts as to 
 their execution have little or no value for purposes of an 
 instructive exhibition. 
 
 Managers of schools and institutions are invited to 
 inform the undersigned, with as little delay as possible, 
 what scholars' work they would be willing to contribute, 
 giving as full a description of its character and amount 
 as is practicable. 
 
 Class III ^ — Buildings and apparatus. — In this class 
 are included plans and models of school-houses and other 
 edifices for educational purposes, furniture and fittings, 
 and appliances for instruction of every description not 
 embraced in Class I. 
 
 The plans and views of a very few edifices of excep- 
 tional excellence and importance may be in frames for 
 wall display, the rest must be sent in portfolios. . 
 
 The limited space will allow only one model of each 
 class, and that must be of small size, but of superior ex- 
 cellence both in design and workmanship. 
 
 Only single samples of furniture and fittings are 
 desired. 
 
 ' In the installation of the Exhibition, it was thought best to 
 ■divide; this class as indicated in the Prefatory Note. 
 
120 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 Appliances and illustrative apparatus for elementary 
 instruction will have precedence where a choice must 
 be made. Globes, maps, and charts are particularly 
 desirable, and also copies and models for drawing; also, 
 model cabinets of natural history, and a model set of 
 physical apparatus for elementary schools. 
 
 School officers, architects, producers, and manufac- 
 turers are invited to inform the undersigned what they 
 are willing to contribute to this division of the exhibit, 
 with descriptions and illustrations as far as practicable 
 of the articles offered. It is intended to ship the articles 
 in this class on the vessel sailing from Washington on 
 the 5th of March, and for this purpose they must be 
 here as early as March 3. 
 
 The limited means appropriated for the educational 
 exhibit render it necessary to require contributions to 
 be sent at the expense of contributors. 
 
 Suggestions as to ways and means of perfecting the 
 exhibit are respectfully and earnestly solicited. 
 
 Inquiries respecting contributions will be answered 
 with all possible promptness and fulness. 
 
 Communications and articles contributed to the edu- 
 cational department of the exhibition should be addressed 
 to the undersigned. Bureau of Education, Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 More detailed information respecting the selection and 
 preparation of materials for such an exhibit as is con- 
 templated will be found in the Circular of Information 
 of the Bureau of Education, No 5, 1875 (relating to the 
 Centennial Exhibition), which it is presumed is in the 
 hands of many superintendents and other educational 
 officers. 
 
 JOHN D. PHILBRICK, 
 
 Superintendent of the United States Educational Exhibit 
 at the Paris Universal Exposition 0/1878. 
 
 Department of the Interior, 
 Bureau of Education, 
 
 Washington,!), c. February 18, 1878. 
 
II 
 
 EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE COM-! 
 MISSIONER OF EDUCATION FOR 1876 
 
 The Distribution of Responsibility 
 
 J HE security and perpetuity of our institution* 
 rest so exclusively on the individual choice, 
 that reason, conscience, and the high senti- 
 ments of every soul should be brought into 
 play and properly informed ; that so far as these in-, 
 fluences may go, every person in the land may not only 
 know what is the better part, but choose it, and be pre-, 
 pared to sacrifice himself to defend it. In such a uni-r 
 versal sway of intelligent reason and enlightened conr 
 science, the questions of capital and labour, as they 
 necessarily arise in the progress of human society, will 
 find the most peaceful solution. So also of those quesi- 
 tions which arise betweenraces, between political parties, 
 and between religious sects. In each case the, issue is 
 relieved of embarrassment just so far as ignorance and 
 prejudice are eliminated, and the mass of minds called 
 into action are amenable to the influences of rightreason. 
 We shall be fortunate as a people if we can see iil 
 season that all laws, indeed that all schemes which 
 leave out of view the single idea of training up a child 
 in the way he should go, will prove inadequate — mere; 
 
122 EXHIBITION OF EDUCATION 
 
 makeshifts — in dealing with the evils of great social 
 catastrophes. 
 
 The great evils to be prevented, the great good to 
 be secured, on so vast a scale, naturally lead to an in- 
 quiry into the distribution of the responsibility. All 
 considerations of the subject find these responsibilities 
 finally resting upon individuals. The more persons 
 there are who meet them intelligently and conscien- 
 tiously, the greater the good, the less the evil, con- 
 nected with the issue. But when we pass from the re- 
 lation of the individual to other responsible units, we 
 encounter a great variety of organizations or combi- 
 nations — the family, society, the Church ; and organiza- 
 tions of a social character are almost without number. 
 Besides these, there are those of a civil character, 
 which may be termed civil units ; the smallest or 
 primary, that of the district, borough, parish; then the 
 municipality, the county, the state, the nation. The 
 harmonious action of these several units, each bearing 
 its own proper burden, performing its own functions, 
 so that it is neither overweighted, nor allowed to inter- 
 fere with any other, is one of the marvels of the system 
 of government devised by the fathers. Every year's ex- 
 perience adds proof of their wisdom. Each grade of 
 civil organization proclaims in its administration not 
 alone the spirit of harmony with all others, but the fact 
 that its own existence, nay, that the existence of the 
 entire machinery of our government is not for the ex- 
 clusive benefit of any class, but is established and con- 
 tinued for the supreme purpose of assuring to each in- 
 dividual the best opportunity of working out his own 
 destiny. Any act of nation, of state, of county, of 
 municipality, or district calculated to infringe these 
 personal rights, is of fatal tendency, and inadmissible. 
 
 Education seeks to fit the individual for this large 
 liberty and great responsibility. Much of this educa- 
 tion is left to the spontaneous action of himself and of 
 the agencies surrounding him. In no country, per- 
 haps, are his privileges, or those of his family, or those 
 
APPENDIX IT. 123 
 
 of his Church in respect to his education, given larger 
 liberty, and more carefully guarded. But the fact so 
 generally admitted, that upon the individual intelligence 
 and virtue of citizens rests the entire fabric of our in- 
 stitutions, has led to a universal sentiment in favour 
 of some measure of civil action in behalf of their edu- 
 cation, as the only sure safeguard against a prevalence 
 of ignorance, fatal to civil liberty and its attendant 
 blessings. The great burden of this responsibility for 
 civil action with respect to education has been wisely 
 imposed upon the smallest civil unit, town, township, 
 borough, or parish ; while the power of legislation, 
 regulating alike the -action of the state and the munici- 
 pality, has properly been vested exclusively in the state. 
 The removal of education from all legislative or ad- 
 ministrative interference on the part of the national 
 government did not, in the minds of the fathers, relieve 
 national statesmanship from all responsibility with re- 
 ference to education. The more profound their patriot- 
 ism, the more profoundly they acknowledged their ob- 
 ligation in this matter, alike in their capacity as persons 
 and officials. No personal or official act of theirs could 
 promote ignorance. Their example and their words 
 favoured universal intelligence. The more delicate 
 the national relation to education, the more assiduous 
 were they that their full responsibility should be dis- 
 charged. 
 
 JOHN EATON. 
 
tHISWIVK I'KKSS :■ C. WHITTINGHAM, TOOKS COIKT, 
 CHAN.CERV LANE. 
 
1878 
 
1 
 
 I